The University of Cape Coast (UCC) is a public collegiate university located in the historic town of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. The campus has a rare seafront and sits on a hill overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. It operates on two campuses: the Southern Campus (Old Site) and the Northern Campus (New Site). Two of the most important historical sites in Ghana, Elmina and Cape Coast Castle, are a few kilometers away from its campus.

The University of Cape Coast was established in October 1962 as a university college in response to the country's dire need for highly qualified and skilled manpower in the education sector. Its original mandate was therefore to train graduate teachers for second cycle institutions, teacher training colleges and technical institutions, a mission that the two existing public universities at the time were unequipped to fulfill.

On 1 October 1971, the college attained the status of a full and independent university, with the authority to confer its own degrees, diplomas and certificates by an Act of Parliament. Today, with the expansion of some of its faculties/schools and the diversification of programmes, the university has the capacity to meet the manpower needs of other ministries and industries in the country, besides that of the Ministry of Education.
The university has since added to its functions the training of doctors and health care professionals, business professionals, administrators, legal professionals, and agriculturalists such as agricultural extension agents. UCC graduates include Ministers of State, High Commissioners, CEOs, and Members of Parliament.

History
The University of Cape Coast was established in October, 1962 as a university college and placed in a special relationship with the University of Ghana, Legon.
On 1 October 1971, the college attained the status of a full and independent University, with the authority to confer its own degrees, diplomas and certificates by an Act of Parliament.
The university was established out of a dire need for highly qualified and skilled manpower in education. Its original mandate was, therefore, to train graduate professional teachers for Ghana's second cycle institutions and the Ministry of Education in order to meet the manpower needs of the country's accelerated education programme at the time.
Today, with the expansion of some of its Faculties/Schools and the diversification of programmes, the university has the capacity to meet the manpower needs of other ministries and industries in the country, besides that of the Ministry of Education.
From an initial student enrollment of 155 in 1963, the University of Cape Coast now has a total student population of about 80,000.
The university started with two departments, namely: Arts and Science. These departments developed into Faculties in 1963. In order to achieve the set objectives, in 1964, the university created two more Faculties, namely: Education and Economics & Social Studies [now Faculty of Social Sciences].
The fifth faculty [School of Agriculture] was established in 1975.
The Faculty of Science was split into the Schools of Physical and Biological Sciences during the 2002←/2003 academic year while the Department of Business Studies was also elevated to the School of Business with effect from the 2003/2004 academic year. The Medical School, faculty of Law and School of among others have been added. The university now trains doctors and health care professionals, as well as education planners, administrators, agriculturalists, Accountants, lawyers etc.
The University of Cape Coast (UCC) graduates include Ministers of State, High Commissioners, CEOs, and Members of Parliament.

Student population
From an initial student enrollment of 155 in 1963, the University of Cape Coast now has a total student population of 74,720. The breakdown is as follows: 18,949 regular undergraduate students, 1445 sandwich undergraduate students, 1014 regular postgraduate students, 2773 sandwich postgraduate students 48,989 distance undergraduate students and 1540 postgraduate distance students. The university admitted a total of 24,723 students into its various programs for the 2016/2017 academic year.

From 2016/2017 academic year till date, the population of the university keeps on increasing each year. Currently, the school has a student population of 78,485 with 41,165 (52.40%) male and 37,320 (47.60%) female student population, which in total  is exactly 2,765 more than what they had in the 2016/2017 academic year. The breakdown of the student population in the 2022/2023 academic year is as follows: there have 9 sandwich students who are the only ones offering certificate in their various programs with 2 of them being males and 7 females. 11,539 diploma offering students with 11,234 being distance students (5,271 males and 5,963 females) and 305 sandwich students (132 males and 173 females) . 60,406 undergraduates which entails of 23,537 regular students (13,072 males and 10,465 females), 16,260 distance students (8,324 males and 7,936 females), 1,241 sandwich students (561 males and 686 females) and 19,362 IOE sandwich students (9,937 males and 9,425 females). The population consists of 578 PhD students who are all regular students, with 372 males and 206 females. 305 PGDE students consisting of 71 distance students (29 males and 42 females) and 234 sandwich students (148 males and 86 females). 5,648 students doing their masters currently with 1,148 students being regular students(709 males and 439 females), 2,239 distance students (1,287 males and 952 females) and 2,261 sandwich students (1,321 males and 940 females).

Governance System
The University of Cape Coast is currently governed by a Council made of elected members from the University community and State appointees.

Members of Council
The governing body is known as the University Council and they consist of a Chairperson/Pro-Chancellor, Representative of Post-Graduate Students, Vice-Chancellor, three (3) Government Nominees, two (2) Representatives of Convocation, Representative of UTAG - UCC Branch, Representative of CHASS, Representative of TEWU of TUC, Representative of Alumni Association, Representative of Undergraduate Students, Representative of Post-Graduate Students, Representative of GTEC, Registrar, Pro-Vice Chancellor, Director of Finance and Council Secretariat, Office of the Registrar.

Principal officers
According to the statues of the university, principal officers of the university include the chancellor, pro-chancellor/chairperson, Vice-Chancellor, registrar and pro-vice-chancellor.

Academics
The University of Cape Coast is today organized into six colleges. Each college has different faculties, schools and departments under them as elaborated below;

College of Agriculture & Natural Sciences

School of Physical Sciences
 Department of Physics
 Department of Mathematics
 Department of Statistics
 Department of Laboratory Technology
 Department of Computer Science & Information Technology
 Department of Chemistry
 Laser & Fibre Optics Centre
 Industrial Chemistry Programme

School of Biological Sciences
 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
 Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
 Department of Environmental Sciences
 Department of Entomology & Wildlife
 Department of Biomedical & Forensic Sciences
 Department of Biochemistry

School of Agriculture
 Department of Soil Science
 Department of Crop Science
 Department of Animal Science
 Department of Agricultural Engineering
 Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension
 Technology Village
 Supervise Enterprise Projects (SEPs)
 Meat Processing Unit (MPU)

College of Distance Education
 Department of Business studies
 Department of Education
 Department of Mathematics and Science

College of Education Studies

Faculty of Educational Foundations
 Centre for Child Development Research and Referral
 Counselling Centre
 Department of Basic Education
 Department of Education & Psychology
 Department of Guidance and Counseling

Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences Education
 Department of Arts Education
 Department of Business and Social Sciences Education

Faculty of Science & Technology Education
 Department of Health Science Education
 Department of Health, Physical Education & Recreation
 Department of Mathematics & ICT Education
 Department of Science Education
 Department of Vocational & Technical Education

School of Educational Development & Outreach
 Centre for Educational Research, Evaluation and Development
 Centre for Teacher Professional Development
 Centre for Teaching Support
 Institute of Education

College of Humanities and Legal Studies

Faculty of Social Sciences
 Institute for Oil and Gas Studies
 Institute for Development Studies (IDS)
 Department of Sociology & Anthropology
 Department of Population & Health
 Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management
 Department of Geography & Regional Planning
 Department of Economics
 Centre for Gender, Research, Advocacy and Documentation (CEGRAD)
 Micro-finance Unit
 Centre for Data Archiving, Management, Analysis and Advocacy (C-DAMAA)

Faculty of Arts
 Information & Literacy Skills
 Department of Theatre & Film Studies
 Department of Religion and Human Values
 Department of Music & Dance
 Department of History
 Department of Ghanaian Languages & Linguistics
 Department of French
 Department of English
 Department of Communication Studies
 Department of Classics & Philosophy
 Centre for African and International Studies

Faculty of Law
 Department of Law
 Law Clinic & Department for Legal Extension
 Centre for Legal Research
 Law Library & Information Centre

School of Business
 Department of Management
 Department of Accounting
 Department of Finance
 Department of Marketing & Supply Chain Management
 Department of Human Resource Management
 Professional & Management Development Unit (PMDU)
 Centre for Entrepreneurship and Small Enterprise Development (CESED)

College of Health & Allied Sciences

School of Medical Sciences
 Department of Nurse Anaesthesia
 Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Management
 Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology
 Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology & Fetal Medicine
 Department of Internal Medicine & Therapeutics
 Department of Chemical Pathology
 Department of Community Medicine
 Department of Internal Medicine & Therapeutics
 Department of Medical Education & Information Technology
 Department of Microbiology & Immunology
 Department of Pharmacology
 Department of Paediatrics
 Department of Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology
 Department of Surgery
 Department of Psychological Medicine & Mental Health
 Department of Physiology

School of Nursing & Midwifery
 Department of Nursing

School of Allied Health Sciences
 Department of Sports Science
 Department of Physician Assistant Studies
 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology
 Department of Medical Imaging
 Department of Health Information Management
 Department of Optometry

School of Graduate Studies and Research
The School of Graduate Studies (SGS) of the University of Cape Coast came into being on 1 August 2008. It began as a Committee on Higher Degrees, with a mandate to advise Senate on the university's graduate policy and recommend the award of scholarship for approval. In 1992, the Committee on Higher Degrees was transformed to a Board of Graduate Studies.  This Board, a sub-committee of Academic Board was entrusted with responsibility for administering graduate education in the university, until its status was elevated to a school on 1 August 2008. The school has the mandate to co-ordinate graduate-level academic programmes for all colleges within the university. It also regulates and offers advice on graduate programmes of university colleges affiliated to the University of Cape Coast.

To achieve its vision and mission, the school has four-fold functions:
 Draft regulations for all higher degrees with a view to ensuring that acceptable academic standards are maintained.
 Receive reports and consider recommendations pertaining to higher degrees and graduate diplomas from Departmental and Faculty Committee of Graduate Studies.
 Determine the results of higher degrees and graduate diplomas.
 Make recommendations to the Academic Board for the award of higher degrees and graduate diplomas.
The university operates a two-semester system for its regular graduate programmes. The First Semester begins from August to December and Second Semester from January to May. The university awards Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Science (MSc), Master of Education (MEd), Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.), Master of Commerce (M.Com.) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees in the various disciplines.

M.A./MEd/MSc programmes will normally consist of two semesters of course work (nine months) followed by a project or dissertation (three months).

The Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) programme will normally consist of two parts. Part I shall consist of two semesters of course work for full-time students and four semesters of course work for part-time students. Part II extends over 12-months and is for research and presentation of the thesis.
The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programme is essentially by research. The duration is between 3 and 4 years for full-time students and 4 and 5 years for part-time students.

Centre for International Education
The Centre for International Education (CIE), University of Cape Coast, was established to promote, support and coordinate all facets of international education activities in the university. These activities include international students and staff exchanges, research collaborations and publications, and information sharing, all aimed at enhancing the international image of the university.

Over the years, the centre had fostered links with institutions of higher learning from the US, China, UK, Sweden, Germany, Liberia, Nigeria and Senegal, among others.

The centre offers specialized support services for inbound and outbound exchange students and staff on issues including, but not exclusive to, orientation, admission, enrollment, accommodation, pastoral care, pre-departure briefings and post-return debriefings for inbound and outbound exchange students and staff.

FUNCTIONS
The centre:
 Manages all matters and programmes relating to international education.
 Serves as an advisory unit to all academic departments on exchanges and collaborations.
 Serves as a service provider on campus to all international and visiting students, faculty members and staff.
 Is responsible for the development of Memorandum of Understanding or partnership agreements with institutions in and outside Ghana.
 Facilitates the exchange of staff, faculty and students of partner institutions and vice versa.
 Organizes international workshops, seminars and conferences.
The University of Cape Coast runs an international student exchange programme with participants from Europe, North America, and other African countries. International students are fully integrated into student and campus life and receive full credit on successful completion of their studies at UCC.

Affiliated Institutions
All Colleges of Education in Ghana
Pentecost University College
Christian Service University College
Palm Institute
Synergies Institute-Ghana
Fountainhead Christian College
Institute for Development and Technology Management
Institute for Security, Disaster and Emergency Studies (ISDES)
Klintaps University College
Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem II Nursing Training College
Nduom School of Business and Technology
College of Health and Well-Being
College of Health, Yamfo

Halls of Residence
Oguaa Hall
Atlantic Hall
Adehye Hall
Casely Hayford Hall(Casford)
Kwame Nkrumah Hall
Valco Hall
SRC Hall
Supernuation hall
Alumni Hall
Valco Trust Hall
PSI Hall

Ranking
In September 2021, the University of Cape Coast was ranked by Times Higher Education 2022 World University Rankings as follows:
The No. 1 University in Africa for research influence (Globally)
The No. 1 University in Ghana
The No. 1 University in West Africa
Ranked amongst the top 5 Universities in Africa.
In October 2022, the university was again ranked the best in Ghana and West Africa. The 4th best in Africa and 24th in the world universities.

Currently, in July,2023, the university is still ranked as the best university in Ghana and 4th in Africa according to Times Higher Education Rankings.

Notable alumni

 Edmund Abaka, photographer and professor of African history at the University of Miami
Rosina Acheampong, Ghanaian educationist and former headmistress of Wesley Girls High School
 Alfred P. Addaquay, Ghanaian classical keyboardist, composer, arranger, conductor, choral director and singer
 Emmanuel Addow-Obeng, Ghanaian academic, administrator and cleric. He was the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cape Coast and served as the Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the Central University of Ghana
 Mercy Catherine Adjabeng, author, magazine editor-in-chief and managing editor
 Jane Naana Opoku Agyemang, former Minister of Education of the Republic of Ghana, first female Vice Chancellor of a public university in Ghana, first female vice presidential candidate for the National Democratic Congress, the largest opposition political party in Ghana
 Kofi Akpabli, Ghanaian journalist, writer, and publisher
 Kwesi Ahwoi, Ghana's High Commissioner to South Africa and Ghana's former Minister of Interior
 Aba Andam, Ghanaian particle physicist
 Samuel Kobina Annim, government statistician and former associate professor of economics
 Yaw Ansong Jnr, physician-scientist, inventor, and entrepreneur
 Juliet Asante, award-winning filmmaker, entrepreneur, activist, Huffington Post blogger, Aspen Global Leadership fellow, Legatum Institute fellow, alumnus of the Fortune 500/State Department Mentorship program, and Vital Voices Global leaders forum
 Kojo Armah – Ghanaian lawyer, diplomat, and former member of parliament
 George Aryee, for director general of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation
 Kweku Asiamah – Minister of Transport
 Barbara Asher Ayisi – Ghanaian politician, educationist, and Deputy Minister of Education
 Michael Okyere Baafi, a Ghanaian politician and executive secretary of Ghana Free Zones Board
 Emmanuel Kwasi Bandua – Ghanaian lawyer, politician, and member of parliament
 Ama Afo Blay, former director-general of the Ghana Education Service
 Johnson Nyarko Boampong, Ghanaian pharmacist, biomedical scientist, and current vice chancellor of the University of Cape Coast
 Rosemond Aboagyewa Boohene, Ghanaian accountant, entrepreneurship scholar, and current pro vice chancellor of the University of Cape Coast
 Richard Damoah, Ghanaian physicist and research scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
 Doris Dartey, former Ghanaian communication educator, consultant, and onetime member and chairperson of GJA Awards Committee
 Nana Amba Eyiaba I – Ghanaian traditional ruler (Queen-mother), educationist and former member of the Electoral Commission of Ghana
 Dora Francisca Edu-Buandoh, current pro vice-chancellor and professor of English at the University of Cape Coast
 Millison Narh – Deputy Governor of the Bank of Ghana
 Abdul-Rashid Pelpuo - Member of Parliament and Minister of State for Private Public Partnership
 Yvonne Nduom, a Ghanaian public figure known chiefly as the wife of the leader of the Progressive People's Party and is currently the Executive Chairperson of Coconut Grove Hotels
 Kojo Oppong Nkrumah, a Ghanaian politician, lawyer, member of parliament and the Minister of Information in the administration of Nana Akufo-Addo
 Eric Oduro Osae, a Ghanaian local governance expert, lawyer and chartered accountant who serves as the Director General of the Internal Audit Agency of Ghana.
 William Quaitoo, a Ghanaian politician, and former Deputy Minister of Agriculture
 Kwabena Sarpong-Anane, acting Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (2010–2011)
 Seth Terkper – Former Minister of Finance, MOFEP (2012– to 2016)
 Joseph Whittal – a Ghanaian who has been the Commissioner of Human Rights and Administrative Justice of Ghana since December 2016
 Daniel A. Wubah, President, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, USA
 Malik Al-Hassan Yakubu, a former Speaker of Parliament, a former Minister of Interior and a former member of parliament
 Mohammed-Sani Abdulai, a Ghanaian educator and an IT specialist.

Gallery

See also
 List of universities in Ghana
 Sam E. Jonah, Chancellor of the university
 Prof. Johnson Nyarko Boampong, Vice-Chancellor of the university
 University of Education, Winneba.

References

External links
 University of Cape Coast website
 University of Cape Coast Library
 Centre for International Education
 Affiliated Institutions
 University of Cape Coast Staff Directory

University of Cape Coast
Universities and colleges established in 1962
1962 establishments in Ghana
20th-century establishments in Ghana
Education in Ghana

University of Cape Coast


Noravank (, ) is a 13th-century Armenian monastery, located 122 km from Yerevan in a narrow gorge made by the Amaghu River, near the town of Yeghegnadzor in Armenia. The gorge is known for its tall, sheer, brick-red cliffs, directly across from the monastery. The monastery is best known for its two-storey Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) Church, which grants access to the second floor by way of a narrow stone-made staircase jutting out from the face of building.

The monastery is sometimes called Noravank at Amaghu, with Amaghu being the name of a small and nowadays abandoned village above the canyon, in order to distinguish it from Bgheno-Noravank, near Goris. In the 13th–14th centuries the monastery became a residence of  Syunik's bishops and, consequently, a major religious and, later, cultural center of Armenia closely connected with many of the local seats of learning, especially with Gladzor's famed university and library.

History

Noravank was founded in 1105 by Bishop Hovhannes, a former abbot of Vahanavank near the present-day city of Kapan in Syunik. The monastic complex includes the church of S. Karapet, S. Grigor chapel with a vaulted hall, and the church of S. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God). Ruins of various civil buildings and khachkars are found both inside and outside of the compound walls. Noravank was the residence of the Orbelian princes. The architect Siranes and the miniature painter and sculptor Momik worked here in the latter part of the thirteenth and early fourteenth century.

Noravank Complex

The fortress walls surrounding the complex were built in the 17th–18th centuries.

Surb Astvatsatsin Church
The grandest structure is Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), also called Burtelashen (Burtel's construction) in the honour of Prince Burtel Orbelian, its financier. It is situated to the south-east of the Surb Karapet church. Surb Astvatsatsin was completed in 1339, a masterpiece of the talented sculptor and miniaturist Momik, who designed it, and was also his last work. Near the church there is his tomb khachkar, small and modestly decorated, dated the same year. In recent times the fallen roof had been covered with a plain hipped roof. In 1997 the drum and its conical roof was rebuilt, with the form based on existing fragments. However, it has been criticized as being a "fantasy reconstruction".
The ground floor contained elaborate tombs of Burtel and his family. Narrow steps projecting from the west façade lead to the entrance into the church/oratory. There is fine relief sculpture over the entrance, depicting Christ flanked by Peter and Paul.

Burtelashen is a highly artistic monument reminiscent of the tower-like burial structures of the first years of Christianity in Armenia.  It is a memorial church. Its ground floor, rectangular in plan, was a family burial vault; the floor above, cross-shaped in plan, was a memorial temple crowned with a multi-columned rotunda.

Burtelashen is the dominant structure in Noravank. The original three-tier composition of the building is based on the increasing height of the tiers and the combination of the heavy bottom with the divided middle and the semi-open top. Accordingly, decoration is more modest at the bottom and richer at the top. Employed as decorative elements are columns, small arches, profiled braces forming crosses of various shapes, medallions, interlaced banding around windows and doors.

The western portal is decorated with special splendour. An important role in its decoration is played by the cantilevered stairs that lead to the upper level, with profiled butts to the steps. The doorways are framed with broad rectangular plaitbands, with ledges in the upper part, with columns, fillets and strips of various, mostly geometrical, fine and intricate patterns. Between the outer plathand and the arched framing of the openings there are representations of doves and sirens with women's crowned heads. Such reliefs were widely used in fourteenth-century Armenian art and in earlier times in architecture, miniatures and works of applied art, on various vessels and bowls. The entrance tympanums are decorated with bas-reliefs showing, on the lower tympanium, the Holy Virgin with the Child and Archangels Gabriel and Michael at her sides, and, on the upper tympanium, a half-length representation of Christ and figures of the Apostles Peter and Paul. As distinct from the reliefs of Noravank's vestry, these ones are carved on a plain surface, which gives them greater independence. The figures are distinguished by their plasticity of form, softness of modeling, and accentuation of certain details of clothing.

A group of the founders of Burtelashen is depicted on three columns of the western part of its rotunda. The picture consisted of relief figures of the Holy Virgin with the Child, sitting on a throne, and two standing men in rich attire, one of them holding a model of the temple.

Surb Karapet Church
The second church is the Surb Karapet, a cross within square design with restored drum and dome built in 1216–1227, just north of the ruins of the original Surb Karapet, destroyed in an earthquake. The church was built by the decree of Prince Liparit Orbelian.

In 1340 an earthquake destroyed the dome of the church which in 1361 was reconstructed by the architect Siranes. In 1931 the dome was damaged during another earthquake.  In 1949, the roof and the walls of the church were repaired. In 1998 the roof and drum was rebuilt with the aid of an Armenian-Canadian family.

Forming the western antechamber is an impressive gavit of 1261, decorated with splendid khachkars and with a series of inscribed gravestones in the floor. Note the famous carvings over the outside lintel.  The church houses Prince Smbat Orbelian's mausoleum.  The gavit was probably a four-pillar one. In 1321 the building, probably destroyed by an earthquake, was covered with a new roof in the shape of an enormous stone tent with horizontal divisions, imitating the wooden roof of the hazarashen—type peasant home. This made the structure quite different from other Armenian monuments of the same kind. The ceiling has four rows of brackets forming stalactite vaulting with a square lighting aperture at the top. A broad protruding girth over the half-columns, the deep niches with khachkars and the low tent-like ceiling almost devoid of decoration give the dimly lit interior a gloomy look.

The exterior decoration focus' mainly on the western facade where the entrance to the building is. Framed in two rows of trefoils and an inscription, the semi-circular tympanum of the door is filled with an ornament and with a representation of the Holy Virgin seated on a rug with the Child and flanked by two saints. The ornament also has large letters interlaced by shoots with leaves and flowers. The Holy Virgin is sitting in the Oriental way with Child. The pattern of the rug is visible with drooping tassels. In Syunik temples of the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries the cult of the Holy Virgin was widely spread. She was depicted in relief, and many churches were dedicated to her.

The pointed tympanum of the twin window over the door is decorated with a unique relief representation of the large-headed and bearded  God the Father with large almond shaped eyes blessing the Crucifix with his right hand and holding in his left hand the head of John the Baptist, with a dove — the Holy Spirit — above it. In the right corner of the tympanum there is a seraph dove; the space between it and the figure of the Father is filled with an inscription.

Surb Grigor Chapel
The side chapel of Surb (Saint) Grigor was added by the architect Siranes to the northern wall of Surb Karapet church in 1275. The chapel contains more Orbelian family tombs, including a splendid carved lion/human tombstone dated 1300, covering the grave of Elikum son of Prince Tarsayich Orbelian. The modest structure has a rectangular plan, with a semi-circular altar and a vaulted ceiling on a wall arch. The entrance with an arched tympanum is decorated with columns, and the altar apse is flanked with khachkars and representations of doves in relief.

Khachkars
The complex has several surviving khachkars. The most intricate of them all is a 1308 khachkar by Momik. Standing out against the carved background are a large cross over a shield-shaped rosette and salient eight-pointed stars vertically arranged on its sides. The top of the khachkar shows a Deesis scene framed in cinquefoil arches symbolizing a pergola as suggested by the background ornament of flowers, fruit and vine leaves.

Nature
The area is a part of the Gnisheek Prime Butterfly Area and the Noravank Important Bird Area. A wide variety of animals and plants can be found here, such as the Bezoar Goat, Bearded Vulture, Alexanor butterfly, and others.

Before the 9th century - According to historian Stepanos Orbelian a church dedicated to St. Pokas stands on the monastery site.

800-900 - A church was built: sources call it St. Karapet's or Church of Svag Khoradzor. The name will later be transformed into Noravank (nor = new, vank = monastery), in 1221.

989 - Hovhannes the Scribe copies a Gospel for the priest Stepanos. It is so called Gospel of Etchmiadzin that contains some miniated pages of an earlier date which are some of the oldest and most famous examples of Armenian miniature art.

1105 - According to historian Stepanos Orbelian Bishop Hovhannes, abbot of the monastery of Vahanavank, moves to Noravank and helps to found the first nucleus of monks at the monastery. His brother, Prince Hamtum, then comes to the monastery and helps to develop it. The monastery is to become rich: it will own the two fortresses of Anapat and Hraseka, along with twelve farms.

1154 - Bishop Hovhannes dies and is buried in the monastery. According to the historian Stepanos Orbelian, this bishop had founded a church and connected buildings; there is not trace of this complex left today.

1168 - Bishop Grigoris of Syunik dies and is buried in the monastery.

1170 - Bishop Stepanos, son of Bishop Grigoris, settles in Noravank, choosing it as the seat of the bishopric. Hs is to obtain the Valley of Agarak and fortress of Anapat as donation to the monastery from Mongol Sultan Yelkduz, along with exception from taxes on church property.

1201 - This date is found on a khachkar at the southern entrance of the Church of St. Karapet.

1216 - Bishop Stepanos dies and is buried in the monastery. Father Sargis, his successor, shares the monastery's property with Tatev.

1216-1221 - Prince Liparit Orbelian and Bishop Sargis build a church in the monastery: sources refer to it as the Church of St. Stepanos Noravank (the protomartyr).

1221 - Bishop Sargis, grandson of Archbishop Stepanos, builds the Church of St. Karapet as the burial chapel for the family. According to the historian Stepanos Orbelian, the church was built by the will of Liparit Orbelian, founder of the dynasty, and building work lasted seven years, ending in 1228. A khachkar in the west wall of the gavit is dedicated Nazar and Nazlu.

1222 - A memorial to Vasak, who died of a premature death, is inscribed on a khachkar on the south wall of the gavit.

1223 - A Church of St. Stepanos is consecrated and Prince Bupak donates the village of Aghberis to the monastery to commemorate the occasion.

1223-1261 - A gavit is built in the monastery.

13th century - Khatun, daughter of Khalkhashah, donates 300 pieces of silver and an orchard to the monastery.

1232 - A certain Gorg makes various donations to the monastery.

1240 - This date in on a khachkar inside the gavit.

1256 - A certain Shatluys donates an orchard to the monastery.

1260 - Bishop Ter-Stepan of Syunik dies and is buried in the monasteries gavit.

1261 - Prince Smbat Orbelian restores the monasteries gavit, perhaps with the aid of Bishop Sargis and architect Siranes. There are two inscriptions on the gavit walls bearing the dates 1232 and 1256: this indicates that there was previously another building on the site, and its stones were used for the gavit. In this same year, Prince Smbat donates various goods to the monastery for the salvation of the soul of his brother, Prince Burtel. Near the khachkar in the gavit there is another, erected in memory of Burtel, son of Elikum, grandson of Liparit. Another khachkar recalls Burtel, son of "prince of princes" Smbat.

1270-1290 - This is the date on a khachkar inside the refectory-hospice that has now partially collapsed.

1271 - A Noravank inscription mentions the name "hovatun" as being a building of unknown purpose.

Before 1273 - An inscription reveals that the "prince of princes" Smbat has donated lands and orchards to the monastery.

1273 - King Smbat dies: he was the elder brother of Prince Tarsaich and is buried in the monastery.

1273-1290 - Bishop Sargis builds a hospice close to the monastery and donates various goods to it: the proceeds are used to provide pilgrims with food and drink.

1275 - Prince Tarsaich builds a burial chapel for his brother Smbat and building, the work of architect Siranes, will subsequently house all family tombs.

1277 - A khachkar is erected on the tomb of Prince Mahevan, son of Senekerim, King of Syunik.

1285 - Kukor erects khachkar on the tombs of his brother Palka and his mother Aspi.

1287 - Stepanos Orbelian becomes metropolitan of Syunk. He is one of the most prestigious men of culture and politics in medieval Armenia. He is to leave numerous works of poetry and essays on history. He finally succeeds in uniting the monasteries of Tatev and Noravank.

2nd half of 13th century - A bridge is built to connect the monastery with the region.

1290 - An inscription mentioning the death of the "prince of princes" Tarsaich can be seen at the east entrance of the chapel.

1291 - Amira, grandson of Djurdj, buys an orchard for 4000 pieces of silver and donates it to the monastery.

1292 - The architect-scribe Momik transcribes a beautiful Gospel for the brothers Hovhannes and Tadeos Princess Mina Khatun, daughter of King Djala of the Aghuank and wife of Tarsaich, donates many goods to the monastery.

1298 - Ter Sargis, bishop of Syunik, dies and is buried in the monastery. Stepanos, bishop of Syunik and son of "prince of princes" Tarsaich, makes an important donation to the monastery. Princess Mina Khatun is buried in the monastery.

1299 - In the monastery of Noravank, metropolitan and historian Stepanos Orbelian finishes his great work entitled History of the Province of Syunik ().

1300 - Prince Elikum Orbelian dies and is buried in the monastery, in the Chapel of St Grigor; the tomb of the prince, son of Tarsaich, bears a human representation with a lion's tail and paws: these characteristics were attributed to him for his courage in war. Stepanos Orbelian finishes his poem "Lament on Behalf of the Cathedral" ("").

1302 - The architect-scribe Momik writes and miniates a Gospel for Stepanos Orbelian.

1303 - Metropolitan Stepanos Orbelian dies and is buried in the monastery. Sandjar, son of Tankarghul, donates an orchard to the monastery on the birth of his son.

1303-1324 - The abbot of monastery is Hovhannes-Orbel, nephew of Prince Liparit. By his will, the architect Momik is to build the Church of St. Astvatsatsin at Areni. Also by his will, numerous codices are written in manuscript.

1304 - Momik erects a khachkar to the memory of metropolitan Stepanos Orbelian.

1305 - An inscription on his tomb mentions the death of Bishop Grigor of Syunik.

1307 - Momik and Poghos "vardapet" write and miniate a Gospel.

1308 - Tamta Khatun, mother of Prince Burtel, erects a beautiful khachkar made by the architect Momik.

1312 - Tamta Khatun, mother of Prince Burtel, is buried in the chapel of King Smbat. Grigor, nephew of Prince Dop, donates various orchards to the monastery.

1318 - Bughta, brother of Burtel, is buried in the chapel of King Smbat and a khachkar is erected in his memory.

1320-1322 - The priest Sargis, nephew of Archbishop Stepanos of Syunik, builds the church of Noravank.

1321 - St. Karapet's building is probably damaged by an earthquake.

1324 - Hovhannes-Orbel, metropolitan of Syunik, dies and is buried in the monastery.

1324-1331 - Stepanos Tarsaich Orbelian becomes abbot of the monastery. A student of chief vardapet Esayi Nshetsi of University of Gladzor, he is to build the Zorats church in the region of Yeghegis.

1331-1339 - Prince Burtel, as is mentioned in the inscription on the west entrance, builds the Church of St. Astvatsatsin, the so-called "Burtelashen", in the monastery.

1333 - The architect-sculpture-painter Momik dies and is buried in the monastery. The scribe Kiuron re-copies a manuscript by order of Grigoris.

1345 - Gontse, daughter of Paron Khosrovik, donates Khangah orchard to the monastery for salvation of the soul of Amad.

15th century - The architectural model of the two-story funerary chapel spreads throughout Syunik and all monasteries build chapel of the same type.

1476 - The scribe Poghos re-copies a Gospel.

1486 - Davit Darbin erects a khachkar in the monastery to the memory of Tukhik.

1569 - Bishop Eghishe erects a khachkar to the memory of his uncle Bishop Arakel.

1628 - Tuma Abegha writes Gospel in the monastery.

1600-1700 - Fortified walls, a hospice and various other buildings are constructed in the monastery.

1755 - A battle is fought between Hadji Pasha, who has taken over the monastery, and the armies of Isa Ashag.

1813 - The Persian King, Shah Fatail, hands the monastery to Petros Bek Orbelian and orders the proceeds from the village of Amaghu be given to the monastery for its running and maintenance.

1840 - An earthquake damages the monastery.

1948-1949 - The Committee for the Conservation of Monuments in Soviet Armenia begins restoration works on the monastery. A. Balasanyan draws up the projects.

1982-1983 - Renewed consolidation, restoration and excavation works at the monastery begin.

1995 - Because of its over restoration, Noravank is denied entry to UNESCO's World Heritage List.

1997 - The drum and conical dome of the Surb Astvatsatsin church is rebuilt.

Archaeological Data

Name

Noravank

Other nomination

Noravank Amaghu

Monument type

Monastery complex

Region

Vayots Dzor

Community

Areni

Residence

Amaghu village (abandoned)

Location

3 km north-east of the now abandoned village of Amaghu, the right side of Gnishikadzor, on a small hill

Preservation

Standing

Coordinates

39°41'03.6"N 45°13'58.2"E

Elevation

1500 m

Era and chronology

XII-XVIII centuries, High Middle Ages

Research history

The first information about the monument was reported by the XIX century topographical researchers. Various problems referring to the role and significance of Noravank have been studied by many benefactors of Armenology. In the framework of the restoration projects, excavations were carried out in 1947, in the 1980s and 1990s (E. Ayvazyan, Z. Mugdusyan).

Archaeological description

Stratigraphy: According to the XIII century historian and Syunyats Metropolitan Stepanos Orbelyan, in 1105, after the destruction of the Kingdom of Baghk, Bishop Hovhannes Kapantsi, the leader of Vahanavank, came and settled in the valley of Noravank where St. Karapet Church and Pokas Patriarch's Chapel were located.

The Noravank congregation and economy expanded in the XIII-XIV centuries, during the reign of the Orbelians, who sponsored the construction of other monument group structures. During their reign, Noravank became the metropolitan center of Syunik, as well as the family cemetery of the Orbelyans. In 1297 Stepanos Orbelyan completed his history in Noravank.

The monastery continues its existence in later centuries as well. The monument group was damaged by the 1840 earthquake, after which it was abandoned. Restoration and improvement works were carried out in 1948, 1982-1989 and 1996-1998. (A. Balasanyan, H. Gasparyan).

Architecture. The monastic complex consists of the four churches, the vestibule, the chapels, and the buildings of economic importance located in the enclosed courtyard. The ruins of the monastic buildings and guest houses can be seen outside the wall, on the eastern and north-eastern sides. The sculptural khachkars made by Momik and other masters are also included in the monument group.

St. Karapet church is the earliest single-nave structure of the monastery built with semi-cultured stones, the ruins of which were excavated adjacent to the southern wall of St. Stepanos in 1982-83.

The main building of the monument group is St. Stepanos Nakhavka church built by Liparit Orbelyan at the time of Archbishop Sargis' leadership (1216-1221). It is an externally rectangular and internally cross-shaped domed composition with double-story vaults in the four corners.  The only entrance on the western side opens into the vestibule.

Gavit (the vestibule) was built by Smbat Orbelyan in 1261. It is a large pillarless hall, the semi-arches rising from the walls intersect diagonally and form the square crowned with an arch. The floor is covered with tombstones of Orbelians and monastery leaders. On the north-eastern side of the ceiling is a bas-relief depicting a hunting scene. It has two entrances on the western and south-eastern sides.

The western facade stands out in the exterior decoration. On the front stone of the door, on a small sculptural niche, Mother of God is depicted sitting on a throne covered with a carpet, holding baby Jesus in her arms, with one prophet on each side. The pediment is fringed by an inscription band and a double arch decorated with amethyst carvings. Above the entrance, a broad mullioned bay window terminates in a pointed pediment, the wide arched frame of which finishes with a zigzag band and alabaster moldings. In the center of the facade there is an impressive bust of Father-God, unique in Armenian sculpture, holding Adam's head in his hand, revived by the Holy Spirit Dove. To the right is the Crucifixion scene, to the left is a winged angel. In addition to the plot high sculptures, the internal and external decoration of the vestibule is completed by cross-stones.

St. Grigor Tomb-Church adjacent to St. Stepanos from the north is a one-nave vaulted building built by the Orbelians palace architect Siranes in 1275, by Tarsayich Orbelyan's order, on the grave of his brother Smbat Orbelyan. Later, other representatives of the Orbelian dynasty were buried here.

"Burtelashen" (Burtel's construction) St. Astvatsatsin Church is designed by architect Momik. It is one of the rare two-story churches in Armenia. The construction was completed in 1339. The first floor is externally a quadrangular structure, and internally it is a cross-shaped structure, which used to be a tomb. The second floor is internally and externally a cruciform structure with vaults on the eastern side, crowned by a colonnaded rotunda.

Externally, the western facade stands out among the ones decorated with sculptures of animals, birds, plant and geometric ornaments. Cantilevered stairs lead up to the second floor porch on either side. On the headstone of the first floor Mother of God with baby Jesus in her arms is depicted flanked by archangels Michael and Gabriel; on the second floor is the bust of Christ accompanied by apostles Peter and Paul.

There is a thematic sculpture on the third floor columns of the rotunda: Virgin Mary with the Child and the patrons of the church, Burtel holding the church icon and the sons.

Findings: Architectural details, khachkars, tombstones, lithographs, pottery findings.

Significance

Noravank was the Metropolitan Prefect of Syunik from the end of the XIII century to the middle of the XIV century. It is important not only for its history, but it is also considered as an exclusive encyclopedia of the Armenian cultural heritage due to its architecture, sculptural, writing and miniature art. It is one of the unique monument groups with the names of more than one architect preserved in the inscriptions.

Traditional legends

Master Momik falls in love with the beautiful daughter of Syunyats Prince. The girl also likes Momik. The Prince of Syunik calls Momik and says: "I will marry my daughter to you if you build a new, beautiful monastery for me in three years." The young master accepts the prince's condition and starts working. By cutting and chopping stones from the rocks, he is about to finish the construction of the monastery in due time. Knowing this, the prince sends a servant, who by the order of his master, climbs the dome of the monastery and pushes Momik down. The last stone cut by the Momik becomes his tombstone.

Sources

- Stepanos Orbelyan 1986, History of Syunik (translated by A. Abrahamyan), Yerevan, "Soviet writer", 615 pages.

- Yeghiazaryan H. 1955, Cultural monuments of Azizbekov region, Yerevan, "Haypethrat", 111 pages.

- Ghanalanyan A. 1969, Avandapatum, Yerevan, "Publication of the USSR Academy of Sciences", 530 pages.

- Matevosyan K. 2017, Noravank lithographs and memorials, Yerevan, "Mughni", 244 pages.

- Kajberuni 2003, Travel notes, Yerevan, "Mughni", 498 pages.

Gallery

References

Additional sources
"Architectural Ensembles of Armenia", by O. Khalpakhchian, published in Moscow by Iskusstvo Publishers in 1980.
"Rediscovering Armenia Guidebook", by Brady Kiesling and Raffi Kojian, published online and printed in 2005.
History of the Province of Syunik (Patmut'yun Nahangin Sisakan), by Stepahnos Orbelian, 1297.

External links

Noravank
Noravank monastery at Armenica.org
Armeniapedia.org
Program about Noravank Monastery by Vem Radio

Christian monasteries in Armenia
Tourist attractions in Vayots Dzor Province
1205 establishments in Europe
Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
Oriental Orthodox congregations established in the 13th century
Buildings and structures in Vayots Dzor Province

Noravank


Digital light processing (DLP) projector is a kind of video projector. It uses small mirrors that reflect light. The mirrors can be moved to either reflect light or not reflect light. The mirrors move very fast. When the mirror reflects light more often, it makes a lighter color. When the mirror reflects light less often, it makes a darker color. DLP projectors can be bright and have a high resolution. This can make the picture look better. DLP projectors can be small so they can be moved more easily. Some DLP projectors are small enough to fit in a smartphone. Big DLP projectors are often used in movie theaters.

Digital Micromirror Devices
DLP projectors use a digital micromirror device (DMD) to make the picture. A DMD is made of many very small mirrors. The mirrors are in a grid on a semiconductor. Each mirror makes a small part of the picture, called a pixel. The resolution increases when the DMD has more mirrors.

The mirrors can be moved so they reflect light through the lens or reflect light somewhere else. When mirror reflects light through the lens, the pixel is light. When the mirror reflects light somewhere else, the pixel is dark. The mirrors move much faster than a person can see. When the mirror spends more time reflecting light through the lens, the pixel is lighter. When the mirror spends more time reflecting light somewhere else, the pixel is darker.

References

Display technology
Electronics
Television technology

Digital light processing


Shannon Ashlyn (born 20 February 1986) is a film and television actress, writer and director, known for her roles in the Australian horror film Wolf Creek 2, the Australian television series Love Child and the film Zelos. In 2018, she completed a Masters of Directing at the Australian Film Television and Radio School in Sydney, Australia. Sweet Tooth  is her graduating film.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Twitter

Australian film actresses
1986 births
Australian television actresses
Living people

Shannon Ashlyn


Pequawket Brook is a  stream near the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It lies within the watershed of the Saco River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean in Maine. The brook is under the jurisdiction of the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act.

Pequawket Brook rises in the town of Madison, New Hampshire, near a low height of land north of Silver Lake. The brook flows north past extensive sand and gravel excavations to Conway, where it enters Pequawket Pond, a natural pond that has been enlarged by an impoundment in the center of Conway village. Below the pond dam, the brook flows north for one-half mile to the Swift River, just one-half mile above the confluence with the Saco River.

New Hampshire Route 113 follows the brook in northern Madison.  NH-16 follows the brook from NH-113 to Conway village.

The Conway Branch rail line follows the brook and ponds.

See also

List of rivers of New Hampshire

References

Rivers of New Hampshire
Saco River
Rivers of Carroll County, New Hampshire
New Hampshire placenames of Native American origin

Pequawket Brook


Jamie Leigh Carey (born March 12, 1981 in Hutchinson, Kansas) is a former professional basketball player, playing the point guard position for the Connecticut Sun in the WNBA until her retirement in 2009.  Carey currently serves as the Assistant Director of the USA National Team.

High School years
Carey attended Horizon High School in Thornton, Colorado. She graduated as class valedictorian with a 4.0 GPA. She was named Colorado's Gatorade Player of the Year and a WBCA All-American. She participated in the 1999 WBCA High School All-America Game, where she scored three points.

College years
In 1999, Carey attended Stanford University, where she earned the Pac-10 Conference "Freshman of the Year" honors and broke Stanford's single season record for three pointers made with 81. However, she suffered several serious ankle injuries and concussions and spent much of the season on the sidelines.
She had surgery on her left ankle following the season and missed the following six months with rehab.
She came back to practice in October 1999, but could not continue as continuing pain in her ankle left her sidelined shortly after the start of the season. She was forced to retire from the sport and sat out the next two seasons. She was seen on her crutches cheering on her team on the bench and became a fan favorite. She continued to attend classes at Stanford, and was seen on campus limping on her crutches with her left ankle wrapped in a soft cast. She reportedly said her crutches were her best friends because she could not go anywhere without her crutches. A picture of her leaning on her crutches with an ice pack on her left ankle became the cover page of the Stanford women's basketball media guide in 2000, under the title "Courage".

She transferred to The University of Texas at Austin in 2002 after the school's doctors determined they could clear her from her concussions and maintain any treatment she would need.  She played three seasons there after successfully petitioning for a fifth and sixth year of NCAA eligibility. During her time at Texas, the team became a national championship contender with a Final Four appearance in 2003. She was a sociology major.

Stanford and Texas statistics

Source

USA Basketball
Carey was named to the team representing the USA at the 2003 Pan American Games. The team lost the opening game to Cuba, then rebounded to win their next five games, including an OT win against Brazil. Carey led the team with 18 points in the victory against Brazil. In their game against Canada, which they won by three points 56—53, Carey hit all six of her three-point attempts, setting a United States team record. They then faced Cuba for the gold medal, falling short 75–64 to take home the silver medal. Carey scored 9.6 points per game, representing the second highest point total on the team, and led the team in assist with 16.

WNBA career
Carey was drafted by the Phoenix Mercury in 2005 with the 31st overall pick and played for the Connecticut Sun until her retirement in April 2009.

Vital statistics
Position: Guard
Height: 5 ft. 6 in. / 1.68 m
College: University of Texas at Austin, Stanford University
Team(s): Connecticut Sun (WNBA)

Notes

External links
WNBA Player File
Stanford University Player File
University of Texas at Austin Player File
2005 WNBA Draft Prospect Profile

1981 births
Living people
American women's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Basketball players from Colorado
Basketball players from Kansas
Connecticut Sun players
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
People from Thornton, Colorado
Phoenix Mercury draft picks
Point guards
Sportspeople from Hutchinson, Kansas
Stanford Cardinal women's basketball players
Texas Longhorns women's basketball players
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
United States women's national basketball team players

Jamie Carey


Manuel Antonio Bonilla Nava (October 15, 1806 – 23 December 1880) was a Costa Rican politician.

He was born in Cartago. His parents were Félix de Bonilla y Pacheco and Catalina de Nava López del Corral, the daughter of the Spanish Governor José Joaquín de Nava y Cabezudo. In San José, Costa Rica, May 16, 1830 he married Jesús Carrillo y Morales, the daughter of Basilio Carrillo Colina and Jacinta Morales y Saravia, the niece of Braulio Carrillo Colina, head of state from 1835 to 1837 and from 1838 to 1842.

In 1841 he was elected as Deputy Chief of State and Minister General, positions he held until the fall of the government of Braulio Carrillo Colina on April 12, 1842. He was temporarily in charge of the head of the State from April 8 to 12, 1842.

References

1806 births
1880 deaths
Date of death missing
People from Cartago Province
Costa Rican people of Spanish descent
Vice presidents of Costa Rica

Manuel Antonio Bonilla Nava


A kangaroo pocket is a type of pocket, usually featured on hoodies and sweatshirts, that is large enough to fit both hands into. The pocket is open on either side. Other names for it include muff pocket and hoodie pocket.

The pocket sits on the lower front section of the shirt. It is usually large enough to contain some personal belongings. The kangaroo pocket is most associated with casual clothing such as the hoodie or sweatshirt.

Although the kangaroo pocket is often considered a stylish feature, it also has practical uses. Its spaciousness allows for carrying personal items like wallets or other belongings typically kept in rear pockets or purses. However, users should exercise caution because the pocket usually has wide openings on both sides, which could result in items falling out.

Origin
Kangaroo pockets were created in the 1930s as a hand warmer to be put on sweatshirts. Their functionality changed as people used them to hold phones, wallets, and other personal belongings. That caused them to become very popular with skateboarders and college students as they easily forget where they place their things.

References

Sweaters
Hip hop fashion
Punk fashion

Kangaroo pocket


Helen Rand Parish (1912–2005) was an American writer, linguist, and social justice scholar.

Early life and education
Parish and her twin sister, Olive, were born in Waterbury, Connecticut on October 10, 1912. At a young age, the twins became research subjects of Arnold Gesell, a child development pioneer who founded the Yale Clinic of Child Development. The twins graduated summa cum laude from college and went on to receive master's degrees in American literature from Yale University by the age of 17. The Parish sisters also did graduate studies on Latin American problems at USC. Helen went on to study at the National University in Mexico City and eventually moved to Berkeley in 1936, where she settled. Parish was drawn there by Latin American scholar Eugene Bolton, who accepted both Helen and Olive into his seminar on 16th-Century Spanish colonial history.

Writing
Parish began her writing career in journalism, first with the Atlanta Constitution, writing with her sister under the joint byline "The Parish Twins," and later for other papers including the New York Daily Mirror and the New York Times. They frequently collaborated on stories with their mother who was also a writer.

Parish worked as a free-lance writer, ghost-writing a number of books for Viking Press, as well as pursuing her scholarly interests at Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley. Parish eventually became a research associate there, where she assembled the world's largest collection of rare Las Casas books and documents.

As a bi-lingual writer, Parish wrote in English and Spanish, focusing mainly on non-fiction books and essays on the life and writings of Bartolomé de las Casas, as well as themes of Christianity and Central America, the relationship between Latin America and the United States, and Spanish American literature. Parish co-wrote with Henry Raup Wagner: "The Life and Writings of Bartolome de Las Casas" (1967). Additionally, Parish wrote three juvenile fiction books, all with different ancient history motifs. Parish was a strong supporter for the canonization of Bartolome de las Casas. Understanding that canonizations can take centuries, Parish remarked in 1992: "I have never asked to live to see the canonization, only to finish my work."

At Cesar Chavez Park in Berkeley, California, a memorial plaque for Parish sits attached to a large rock.

References

1912 births
2005 deaths
Latin Americanists
Historians of Latin America
Historians of Mexico
Historians of Mesoamerica
History of Chiapas
Historians of colonialism
Historians of Native Americans
Historians of Christianity
Writers from Waterbury, Connecticut
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American essayists
20th-century American historians
Yale University alumni
Ghostwriters
American women essayists
Historians from Connecticut
21st-century American women

Helen Rand Parish


In mathematics, Siegel's theorem on integral points states that for a smooth algebraic curve C of genus g defined over a number field K, presented in affine space in a given coordinate system, there are only finitely many points on C with coordinates in the ring of integers O of K, provided g > 0.

The theorem was first proved in 1929 by Carl Ludwig Siegel and was the first major result on Diophantine equations that depended only on the genus and not any special algebraic form of the equations. For g > 1 it was superseded by Faltings's theorem in 1983.

History
In 1929, Siegel proved the theorem by combining a version of the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem, from diophantine approximation, with the Mordell–Weil theorem from diophantine geometry (required in Weil's version, to apply to the Jacobian variety of C).

In 2002, Umberto Zannier and Pietro Corvaja gave a new proof by using a new method based on the subspace theorem.

Effective versions
Siegel's result was ineffective (see effective results in number theory), since Thue's method in diophantine approximation also is ineffective in describing possible very good rational approximations to algebraic numbers. Effective results in some cases derive from Baker's method.

See also

 Diophantine geometry

References

Diophantine equations
Theorems in number theory

Siegel's theorem on integral points


Derek Ross (born January 5, 1980) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Atlanta Falcons and Minnesota Vikings. He played college football at Ohio State University.

Early years
Ross attended Northwestern High School, where he was a two-way player. As a junior, he had a total of 25 touchdowns.

As a senior, his team finished second in the state with a 12-3 record. He was the South Carolina Offensive Player of the Year and an All-state selection at quarterback, registering 1,671 passing yards, 11 passing touchdowns, 1,267 rushing yards and 19 rushing touchdowns. At cornerback he had 15 career interceptions. He was arrested four times during his high school career.

College career
Ross accepted a football scholarship from Ohio State University. As a freshman, he was converted into a cornerback and appeared in every game. He blocked 3 punts on special teams, including one against Shane Lechler in the 1999 Sugar Bowl, that was returned by Kevin Griffin for a touchdown.

In 1999, he did not play football after being ruled academically ineligible. As a sophomore, he was the team's third cornerback, registering 37 tackles (4 for loss), 2 interceptions and 7 passes defensed. He earned his first start in the 2001 Outback Bowl against the University of South Carolina.

As a junior, he was suspended for spring practice after pleading guilty for driving without a license and providing false information. He started 10 games at cornerback, playing the season with a sprained AC joint and a broken bone in his shoulder. He led the Big Ten Conference with 7 interceptions (fifth in school history and third best in the nation), while also tallying 194 interception return yards (school record), 13 passes defensed, 41 tackles (3 for loss), one sack, one forced fumble and one touchdown.

He declared for the NFL draft before his senior season. He finished his college career with 217 interception return yards (fourth in school history), 91 tackles, 9 interceptions, 20 passes defensed and 3 blocked punts.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Ross was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (75th overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft, after dropping because of character concerns. He earned his first start at left cornerback in the fourth game against the St. Louis Rams, replacing an injured Duane Hawthorne. He was considered a rising player after starting 9 games and leading all rookies with 5 interceptions, which was also the most by a Cowboys rookie since Everson Walls registered 11 interceptions in 1981. He missed the final 2 games with a hip contusion. He also had 12 passes defensed (led the team) and 67 tackles (ninth on the team).

In 2003, he started to have issues with new head coach Bill Parcells, losing his nickelback responsibilities. Parcells called him "a street player", because he relied heavily on his athletic abilities to cover wide receivers. He missed the first four games with a right knee injury and was eventually waived on December 2, after fumbling twice while returning kickoffs in a Thanksgiving loss against the Miami Dolphins, then proceeding to miss a team session the next day and a mandatory charity-related hospital visit.

Atlanta Falcons
On December 3, 2003, the Atlanta Falcons claimed him off waivers, but he only played in two regular season games. On August 17, 2004, he was released after missing more than a week of training camp with knee tendinitis.

New Orleans Saints
On August 19, 2004, the New Orleans Saints claimed him off waivers, but revoked the claim just one day later, after he missed a scheduled flight to New Orleans.

Minnesota Vikings (first stint)
On August 24, 2004, the Minnesota Vikings signed him as a free agent. He was cut on September 4.

Arizona Cardinals
On September 6, 2004, he was claimed off waivers by the Arizona Cardinals, but did not pass the physical exam and was not signed.

Minnesota Vikings (second stint)
On October 13, 2004, he signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Vikings. He played in 9 regular season games, before being released on December 21.

Personal life
In August 2005, Ross was arrested and charged with drug trafficking and conspiracy to traffic drugs.

References

External links
Ohio State Cornerback Ross Covers His Past Problems In Detail

1980 births
Living people
Players of American football from Rock Hill, South Carolina
American football cornerbacks
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Atlanta Falcons players
Minnesota Vikings players

Derek Ross


July be de seventh month of de year wey dey Julian den Gregorian calendars wey ebi de fourth of seven months wey get length of 31 days. Dem name am after de Roman Senate make dem honour Roman general Julius Caesar for 44 B.C. insyd, ebe de month of ein birth. Before then na dem dey bell am Quintilis, secof ebe de fifth month for de calendar wey start plus March.

Ebe on average de month wey be warmest for chaw of de Northern Hemisphere, wer ebe de second month of summer, den de coldest month for much of de Southern Hemisphere, wer ebe de second month of winter. De second half for de year dey commence for July insyd. For de Southern Hemisphere insyd, July be de seasonal equivalent for January for de Northern hemisphere insyd.

Dem dey consider "Dog days" make e begin for early July insyd for de Northern Hemisphere, wen de hot sultry weather of summer usually dey start. Dem dey sell spring lambs dem born for late winter or early spring insyd before 1 July.

July symbols

 July ein birthstone be de ruby, wey dey symbolize contentment.
 Ein birth flowers be de Larkspur anaa de Water Lily.
 De zodiac signs give de month of July be Cancer (til July 22) den Leo (July 23 dey go)

References

Months

July


Robin Eley (born in London, England in 1978) is an Australian hyperrealist painter.

Personal life
Eley was born to an Australian father and Chinese mother. In 1981 his family migrated to Australia where he completed his secondary education at Pembroke School. In 1997 he moved to the United States where he would attend Westmont College, captaining the basketball team and earning a bachelor of arts degree, majoring in fine art in 2001.

Exhibitions
Eley is currently represented by Hill Smith Gallery in Australia and 101/exhibit in the United States. He has held two solo exhibitions at Hill Smith Gallery. In 2012, his debut solo exhibition "Singularity" sold out prior to the opening. His second solo exhibition "Idolatry" opened at Hill Smith Gallery in June, 2013. He has also participated in several group exhibitions, most notably "Chinese Australia" at Ausin Tung Gallery in Melbourne, Australia in 2012, "Journeys - Westmont Alumni Artists Invitational" at The Westmont Ridley-Tree Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, CA, USA in 2012, "BMG - First Look" at Bernarducci Meisel Gallery in New York, NY, USA in 2013  and Koi No Yokan at 101/exhibit in Los Angeles, CA, USA in 2013.

Work
His work was recently recognized in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize (highly commended runner-up in 2010 and highly commended 3rd place in 2011). He was a finalist in the Archibald Prize in 2012. His debut solo exhibition Singularity recently concluded at Hill Smith Gallery in South Australia.

Awards and Grants
Eley has been a finalist in numerous Australian art prizes, most notably Runner Up (2010) and Highly Commended (2011) in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize, the world's richest prize for portraiture. In addition, he has also been a finalist in the Archibald Prize (2012), the Eutick Memorial Still Life Art Prize (2010, 2012)  and the Nora Heysen Still Life Art Award (2011). In 2012 he was the recipient of an International Presentation Grant from Arts SA  which enabled him to accept an invitation to travel to the United States to exhibit his work at the Westmont Ridley-Tree Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, California. His work is also included in the museum's permanent collection.

See also
Hyperrealism

References

External links

Artgallery.nsw.gov.au
http://www.101exhibit.com/artists/splash/robin-eley

Australian artists
1978 births
Living people

Robin Eley


Oxford University Medical School is the medical school of the University of Oxford in the city of Oxford, England. It is a component of the Medical Sciences Division, and teaching is carried out in its various constituent departments.

Overview
The Oxford Medical School is traditional in its teaching and is therefore split into Pre-Clinical and Clinical phases of the course, with Pre-Clinical (Years 1–3) students being based in the University Science Area in Oxford City Centre, and Clinical students (Years 4–6) being based at the John Radcliffe Hospital, in Headington, Oxford.

The Medical School was ranked the 1st in the world by the 2019 Times Higher Education rankings of Universities for Pre-Clinical, Clinical and Health Studies (a position it has held for nine consecutive years).

The first female scholar admitted to the school was Christine Lee.

Teaching
The medical school admits 150 students per year onto its 6-year BM BCh course, which is a traditionally structured course consisting of two halves; a three-year pre-clinical component with little patient contact and a high focus on the scientific principles of medical practice, and ends with the award of a Bachelor of Arts degree in Medical Sciences, and a three-year clinical component with a high level of patient exposure that ends with the awarding of the BM BCh (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) degree, which provides provisional registration to the General Medical Council, and entry to the Foundation Programme.

There is also an accelerated Graduate Entry Course which leads to the award of BM BCh in 4 years, with approximately 30 in each cohort. This course is designed for those who already hold bachelor's degrees in applied or theoretical sciences. This course has an intensive 2–year component with a mix of pre-clinical and clinical teaching, and then the cohort integrates with existing students in their 5th year for the final two years of the course.

Facilities
Most pre-clinical teaching occurs at the Medical Sciences Teaching Centre, located within the Oxford University Science Area. Large amounts of tutorial teaching takes places within the colleges of the University of Oxford.
Clinical teaching (and the medical school offices) is concentrated at the Academic Centre within the John Radcliffe Hospital (which is a part of the Oxford University Hospitals).

The two main libraries associated with the Medical School are the Radcliffe Science Library (for Pre-Clinical students) and the Bodleian Health Care Libraries (The Cairns Library at the John Radcliffe and the Knowledge Centre at the Churchill Hospital).
Prior to its closure in 2007, teaching also occurred at the Radcliffe Infirmary.

References

External links
 Oxford University Medical School
 Oxford University
 Oxford University Hospitals

Year of establishment missing
Medical schools in England
Departments of the University of Oxford

Oxford University Medical School


Deep learning (also called  deep structured learning or hierarchical learning) is a kind of machine learning, which is mostly used with certain kinds of neural networks. As with other kinds of machine-learning, learning sessions can be unsupervised, semi-supervised, or supervised. In many cases, structures are organised so that there is at least one intermediate layer (or hidden layer), between the input layer and the output layer.

Certain tasks, such as recognizing and understanding speech, images or handwriting, is easy to do for humans. However, for a computer, these tasks are very difficult to do. In a multi-layer neural network (having more than two layers), the information processed will become more abstract with each added layer.

Deep learning models are inspired by information processing and communication patterns in biological nervous systems; they are different from the structural and functional properties of biological brains (especially the human brain) in many ways, which make them incompatible with neuroscience evidences.

References

Artificial intelligence

Deep learning


Ētarō Ishibashi (石橋エータロー, Ishibashi Êtarô, September 30, 1927 - June 22, 1994) is a former pianist for Hajime Hana & The Crazy Cats, actor, and cooking expert.

Career
Born in Minato City, Tokyo in 1927, Ishibashi were the son of music composer Randô Fukuda and grandson of Meiji era painter Shigeru Aoki, he grew up in Oimachi area until he was three years old. His mother Chiyo was born as the fifth of eight siblings to the wealthy Ishibashi family. When Etaro was three years old, his father has an affair with actress Hiroko Kawasaki at a place where he went to write a film score. Rando takes responsibility and remarries Kawasaki after separating from Etaro's mother.

For this reason, Etaro returned to the home of his grandparents home with his mother and became Ishibashi's surname. Since her mother was discriminated against for her parent's home when she returned with her children, women would bully her for being called a "living girl" every time, but on the other hand, it was a complicated environment where she was adored by cats who did not pay attention to money. The Ishibashi Family at the time was holding up a sign from the Nito store, which runs the transportation business with 400 to 500 workers at Shiodome Station (which is the government-owned railway), and it said, "I think the economy was good."

There weren't many Leonard Bernstein special records in Japan, and there were even airplanes, "says Etaro (although Bernstein is not made in Germany, a Japanese Tenryu instrument, which is a manufacturing brand). His maternal older brother, Katsunami Ishibashi, is a pilot in the French Air and Space Force and an aviator who flew under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris during the World War I victory parade. After attending the Bunkai Jinjo Elementary School in Kyobashi, Ishibashi was transferred to the Hyosung Elementary School in 1939.

While at Hyosung High School, he meet Senri Sakurai, who was a senior, and Hiroshi Inuzuka, a third-year student. In 1944, due to the intensification of Allied air raid attacks in Japan, he moved to the Jōshinji Temple in Setagaya with his mother and his maternal grandfather. That same year, he learned for the first time that his father, who had been told he had died, survived from natural causes.

In 1945, Ishibashi entered the School of Oriental Music (now Tokyo College of Music). After studying classical piano at the piano department, he switched to the vocal music department (Tetsuko Kuroyanagi was in the third quarter at this time). Around that time, Ishibashi left his mother and visited his father in Yugawara. At that time, he received a lot of hospitality from his father, but soon after, his mother filed a lawsuit in the Odawara court against her husband on behalf of the city, and the government had begun to considered Kando as criminal to the state. Ishibashi would later be graduated from the School of Oriental Music in 1949. At that time, it was difficult to earn a living in the world of classical music, so he lived playing in a club in Shinbashi and teaching piano to the neighborhood children.

In 1947, Ishibashi appeared as a member of the choir in Miho Nagato Opera Company's first performance, "Madame Butterfly." Finally, a pianist of the band "Honey Jokers" dedicated to the expeditionary force club collapsed due to acute pneumonia, so he was overwhelmed by the manager and participated in the audition to fill the vacancy and made his debut as a jazz man. Until then, Ishibashi began to like classical music and hated jazz, but the mighty meals of the expeditionary force club caught up with him and he turned to jazz lovers.

Under the stage name George Ishibashi, he was a made member of the military entertainment band stationed during the Korean War to perform in front of US and South Korean soldiers.

There was a time when people around me recommended that Ishibashi traveled to the United States to practice jazz, but at the time, he didn't have enough money to buy these expensive records, so he kept his bank account from the U.S. Army NCO in the money fundraising group. The noncommissioned officer, who had crashed and died, the grieving family kept score, and the plan to travel to the United States was sometimes canceled. Around this time, he suffered from chest problems and performed while battling the disease. Eventually, he formed his own band "The Five". After working on "Hitoshi Ueki and the New Sounds Trio", Ishibashi joined "Hajime Hana and The Crazy Cats" as a pianist in March 1956.

At first, Ishibashi thought he should play, but from day one a basin was thrown at him and he had a female onnagata, so he often thought about committing suicide. In June 1960, he temporarily left his artistic endeavors due to surgery to reshape his six ribs due to tuberculosis, but returned in August 1961 and has since played piano with Senri Sakurai, who has joined the members as his understudy. On December 31, 1970, he left Crazy Cats due to heart disease.

During an interview with the Asahi Shimbun news article, he said "If I quit smoking and went back to work in entertainment, they would tell me that I would not be satisfied with something." Ishibashi didn't like how he was retired from the entertainment world. In that same year, Ishibashi has been active as a culinary researcher and since 1967, he has run a "Sangyo-dong" sake and side dish shop in Sakuragaoka, Shibuya, Tokyo (he took over the shop originally run by his father, Rando).

In 1988, all the Crazy Cats members appeared in the movie "Company Story", which was produced a long time ago. While the other six people included a lot of co-star scenes, it showed a memory scene of a colleague who had already died, a few seconds and only two cuts, and was a retired person. Although it can be mistakenly described as the appearance of a bank movie, he looks like an older person and wears the same company emblem as the main character around his neck.

In 1994, Ishibashi died at the Showa University Hospital in Shinagawa, Tokyo due to heart failure caused by stomach cancer. He was 66 years old. Known as a drinker, he has even placed a bet and drank a bottle of sake. Also, "Sangyo-dong" was run by a widow, but it will be closed once at the end of October 2018 due to the redevelopment of the surrounding area. It was reopened near the old store in May 2019.

Films

 All films on IMDb

1927 births
1994 deaths
Japanese composers

Ētarō Ishibashi


WBLX-FM (92.9 MHz, "93BLX") is an American urban contemporary music-formatted radio station that serves Mobile, Lower Alabama, and Pensacola, Florida. The station has served the Gulf Coast for more than 50 years. Owned by Cumulus Media, its studios are on Dauphin Avenue in Midtown Mobile, and its transmitter is near Robertsdale, Alabama.

The station was assigned the WBLX-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on July 4, 1988. In 2006, WBLX began broadcasting in IBOC digital radio, using the HD Radio system from iBiquity.

History
WBLX began in October 1973 as FM counterpart to gospel station WMOO (1550 AM). As WBLX, with the CHUrban format and then as an Urban Contemporary format, has been one of the market's leading stations with the same calls and format for 45 years. In 1998, Cumulus acquired competitor WDLT-FM, and skewed it to being an Urban Adult Contemporary. This has allowed WBLX to skew its programming towards a younger audience as a Mainstream Urban. For many years, WBLX also carried "The Beat of the Bay 93BLX!" and "93BLX Jamz!" brandnames, however in 2000 they changed their current slogan to "The Big Station 93BLX".

Cumulus Broadcasting began upgrading its stations to HD Radio broadcasting in 2005. One of the first ten stations to be upgraded was WBLX-FM.

WBLX is one of the most powerful radio stations in the Gulf region. It can be heard from New Orleans, Montgomery, AL, South Georgia, Panama City, Fl, and 100 miles out in the Gulf of Mexico.

Personnel

 E.J. Greig - Program Director
 Steve Harvey - Morning Show Host
 DJ Blayze - Air Personality/Mixer
 Nick @ Night - Air personality
 Janice More - Gospel Show host
 Mz.Baldy - Air Personality

Past Hosts
 Chris Holiday - Known as "Hollywood" Holiday
 Ray Ray - Ray Ray was part of the morning show on 93 BLX.
 Nina Rawz - Nina Rawz was an on-air personality at 93 BLX and participated in interviews and segments on the station.
 Dirty Dan - Dirty Dan participated in events such as the "Battle of the DJs" in 2011.

Shorty Bop (Midget Sean): Radio Personality and Community Icon (In Memoriam)
Shawn "Midget Sean" Harris, AKA Shorty Bop, was a beloved member of the Mobile, Alabama community and made a significant impact through his work as a radio personality on the fleeting series "Lame 2 Fame" with Chris Holiday and Hot Boy Ronald in 2007. The series, which aired on WBLX-FM, featured radio personalities and local celebrities, Midget Sean and Hot Boy Ronald, showcasing their talents and sharing their comedic talents with the community. Sean's distinctive voice and engaging personality made him a popular figure among listeners for years to come. In addition to his work on the radio, he also participated in YouTube skits with Hot Boy, further showcasing their talents & sense of humor. You can find one of their skits on YouTube under the title, "The Adventures of Hot Boy & Shorty Bop".

Midget Sean is also known for his role as the Crichton Leprechaun, a supposed sighting of a leprechaun in a tree in Crichton, a neighborhood of Mobile, Alabama. In 2014, The Bob and Dan Show on KTCK 1310 The Ticket in Dallas conducted a field investigation and numerous witnesses identified the Crichton Leprechaun as "Midget Shawn". He recounted the story as a prank played on the local community in which he dressed in a leprechaun suit and climbed a tree while his friends alerted others about a leprechaun sighting. The original video that aired on WPMI-TV can be found on YouTube. As of 2023, the original video has over 28 million views.

Shawn Harris died on July 31st, 2022.

References

External links
WBLX official website

BLX-FM
Urban contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1973
1973 establishments in Alabama
Cumulus Media radio stations

WBLX-FM


is a Japanese TV comedy program that has been continuously broadcast on Sunday evenings on Nippon TV since 15 May 1966, making it the second-longest running variety TV show in Japan.

Format
The show is based on the Ogiri style of rakugo, a form of traditional Japanese storytelling. The ogiri system sees a host put questions to a panel of fellow rakugo storytellers who must produce a funny or witty response. Shoten's format thus sees the host—currently Shunpūtei Shōta—pose questions to six storytellers (known as "ogiri members") seated left to right (as the audience sees them) as follows: San'yūtei Koyūza (sky-blue kimono), Shunpūtei Ichinosuke (purple kimono), San'yūtei Kōraku (pink kimono), Hayashiya Kikuo (yellow kimono), Hayashiya Taihei (orange kimono), and Katsura Miyaji (light green kimono).

Rakugo performers such as Hayashiya Sanpei II, Katsura Utamaru, and San'yūtei Enraku VI were formerly part of the cast.

The rules are simple. In every 15-minute ogiri contest, the host will pose the ogiri members three questions. Each question can be answered an unlimited number of times by any member, and the custom is that everyone must answer each question at least once. Should a member wish to answer a question, he should simply raise his hand and wait to be called by the host. Should the resultant answer be funny or witty, the member will receive one or more floor cushions (zabuton) - the number increasing with the level of audience response and the host's own amusement or admiration. The floor cushion is brought to the stage by hapless sidekick Takao Yamada, formerly a successful popstar with the 70s idol group Zūtorubi, but now confined to an object of ridicule in his red kimono. Should, on the other hand, a member's answer fall flat with the audience, be excessively distasteful, or be construed as insulting to the host or fellow members, the member will lose one or more floor cushions. On some extreme occasions, the host may confiscate everyone's zabuton if he deems that all the members have conspired to humiliate him. This phenomenon is often referred by the public jokingly as a "genocide", and in most cases as an "Utamaru genocide", since previous host Katsura Utamaru was the first to order a complete confiscation of the entire cast's zabuton in 2006 after San'yūtei Enraku VI (then known as San'yūtei Rakutarō), in concert with the other members, compared the elderly host to a "talking corpse". Indeed, Enraku was particularly renowned during Utamaru's tenure as host for frequently insulting Utamaru with his characteristically merciless wit and accuracy, often resulting in the confiscation of all of his zabuton. It is also noteworthy that Utamaru's last act as a host was to commit a final "genocide" after San'yūtei Koyūza jokingly asked Utamaru to have sex with him, much to Utamaru's disgust.

The zabuton used are supposedly extra-heavy ones weighing 4 kg (9 pounds), so even a stack of ten or more will not topple. Should an ogiri member acquire 10 zabuton, he is entitled to that day's special prize, which is usually related to a famous quote, such as 'Boys, Be Ambitious'. Since Utamaru was notoriously keen on removing zabuton, especially from the intelligent yet arrogant Enraku, it is very rare for anyone to actually achieve the magical 10.

The show is also famous for its catchy theme music written by Hachidai Nakamura. This music has been continuously broadcast since 1969. The titles are written in edomoji, but were originally written to show an animated smiling face.

See also
Tatekawa Danshi - original host (1966-1969)
San'yūtei Enraku V - former host (1983 - 2006)
Katsura Utamaru -former host(2006 - 2016)

References

External links
 Shōten

Japanese variety television shows
Japanese comedy television series
Nippon TV original programming
1966 Japanese television series debuts
1960s Japanese television series
1970s Japanese television series
1980s Japanese television series
1990s Japanese television series
2000s Japanese television series
2010s Japanese television series

Shōten


General is a word with many meanings:

 The military rank of General officer, also in paramilitary, etc.
 The equivalent ecclesiastical position of general superior.
 Of or relating to a genus.
 A blue-collar worker who does many different services, often called simple a "General" or "General Employee".  This is most often found in food service careers.
 The corrupt leader of military regime in Capcom's Mega Man X4.
 General snus is a brand of snus manufactured in Sweden by Swedish Match
 General (Freeware game), a freeware strategic game developed by Russian NewGame Software
 General Tire, a brand of tire owned by German tire manufacturer Continental AG
 General Records, a record label
 The second strongest piece in Stratego.

Basic English 850 words

General (disambiguation)


Joseph Wanton Morrison (4 May 1783 – 15 February 1826) was a British Army officer best known for commanding the British troops at the Battle of Crysler's Farm during the War of 1812.

Early career
Morrison was born in New York (which was then under British occupation in the final days of the American War of Independence), the son of a senior Commissariat officer. He joined the British Army as an Ensign in 1793, and was present as a Lieutenant in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in 1799, where he was severely wounded at the Battle of Egmont-op-Zee.

He was promoted rapidly through purchase and in 1808, he was in command of the 2nd Battalion of the 89th Foot in Ireland as a Major. Inspecting field officers commented favourably both on the battalion and on Morrison himself. In November 1809, he exchanged into the 1st West India Regiment to gain promotion to Lieutenant-Colonel, serving in Trinidad. In July, 1811, he returned to the 2/89th as its commanding officer. The battalion was stationed in Gibraltar in 1812 when war broke out between Britain and the United States, and it was despatched to reinforce the British troops in Canada.

Battle of Crysler's Farm
In October 1813, the 2/89th were stationed at Kingston in Upper Canada when news arrived that a large American force was descending the Saint Lawrence River, intent on attacking Montreal. Morrison was placed in command of a Corps of Observation which included his own battalion, and was ordered to pursue and harass this American army. His force, numbering 900 and supported by gunboats under Captain William Mulcaster, was encamped at Crysler's Farm on 11 November. Major General James Wilkinson, commanding the American army, determined to drive Morrison's force away before proceeding further down the river. On favourable ground and using the classic British tactics of fighting in line and firing deliberate controlled volleys, Morrison's troops easily repulsed the American attack, even though outnumbered three to one, and captured a 6-pounder gun which the Americans abandoned as they retreated.

Later career and death
In July 1814, Morrison was severely wounded at the Battle of Lundy's Lane, and saw no further action in the War of 1812, although he was a member of the court martial board which tried Major General Henry Procter for negligence following the defeat at the Battle of Moraviantown.

After the war, he transferred to the deactivated Sicilian Regiment and went on half pay until 1821. He then became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 44th Foot, which was posted to Calcutta in India. He was promoted to Brigadier-General to command a brigade in an expedition to the province of Arakan during the First Anglo-Burmese War in 1824. Although the expedition was successful, Arakan was notorious for malaria and other diseases, and Morrison and many of his men fell ill with tropical fever. He died at sea on the voyage back to Britain.

In early 1809 he had married Elizabeth Hester Marriott of Worcester. He and his wife had no children.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1783 births
1826 deaths
British Army brigadiers
Royal Irish Fusiliers officers
West India Regiment officers
British colonial army officers
British Army personnel of the War of 1812
British military personnel of the First Anglo-Burmese War
Military personnel from New York City
People who died at sea
44th Regiment of Foot officers
British people of the War of 1812
British military personnel of the War of 1812

Joseph Wanton Morrison


Univox was a musical instrument brand of Unicord from the early 1960s, when they purchased the Amplifier Corporation of America of Westbury, New York and began to market a line of guitar amplifiers. Univox also distributed guitars by Matsumoku, effects units by Shin-Ei Companion, and synthesizers by Crumar and Korg.

In 1985, the Wickes Companies sold Unicord to Korg, and the Univox brand was phased out.

History
In 1964, Unicord (a manufacturer of electric transformers acquired by Gulf and Western Industries in 1959) purchased the Amplifier Corporation of America and began marketing a line of amplifiers under the name of Univox.

Univox-branded fretted instruments (electric and acoustic guitars and electric basses) began being imported from Japanese contract manufacturer Matsumoku in 1975, where they continued until 1982, after which instruments were made in Korea under the "Westbury" brand. The Unicord Corporation was purchased by Korg in 1985, effectively ending the line.

Univox was best known for its copies of instruments from better-known companies such as Fender, Gibson, Rickenbacker, Ampeg/Dan Armstrong, Epiphone and others. The Univox Hi-Flier was based loosely on the distinctive Mosrite "reverse swept" shape; it was popularized in the early 1990s by Kurt Cobain, almost two decades after original production had ceased.

Change to Stage amplifiers
The Univox name developed a market reputation as cheap because Unicord had copied amplifier designs from companies such as Shure and Electro-Voice instead of doing major original research and development. Univox used time-proven electronic circuits and quality components, but to avoid the negative market perception Unicord introduced the Stage brand; the only difference between the Univox and Stage equipment was the nameplate, attached prior to shipping.

Relationship to Korg and Marshall
Unicord was also the U.S. distributor for both Marshall amplifiers and Korg synthesizers.

The Marshalls used EL34 output tubes, but as they could barely reach the rated output wattage Unicord replaced them with KT88 tubes before shipping to U.S. vendors.

Unicord had begun as a manufacturer of electrical transformers. When the original Marshalls came to the U.S., Unicord's engineers were concerned that the output transformers could not reliably handle the full output. Unicord redesigned the output transformers and told Marshall to use the Unicord design in all units shipped to the U.S., and Marshall could use the design outside the U.S. if they wanted to. Marshall did adopt the Unicord design for all their tube amps.

Tony Frank, the design engineer at Unicord, created the dual-volume-control two-stage pre-amp that Marshall introduced with their 4140 and 2150 amplifiers, which allowed a "super-dirty" fuzz even at extremely low volumes.

Products

Univox amplifiers

A number of tube and solid-state amplifiers were produced by Univox over the years. These ranged from small practice combo amps to powerful heads with separate cabinets. Some models had built-in spring reverb and tremolo effects. In 1971, Univox introduced the B Group amplifiers, covered in two-toned blue or gray Tolex with distinctive ovaloid cosmetics. The C-Group (UX) line of amps were used by The Jeff Beck Group and Led Zeppelin.

Univox guitars
In 1962, Gulf and Western acquired Merson Musical Products, an importer of various headstock-brand guitars such as Tempo, Giannini and Hagström. Around 1968, they started producing Univox-branded guitars.  Unicord and Merson split in 1975, but Unicord continued to make Univox guitars until about 1978, even adding some newer models.

Electric guitars

Badazz
Coily
Custom
Custom 335 (six and twelve-string versions)
Deluxe

Effie (six and twelve-string versions)
Gimmie
HR-2
Hi-Flier
Les Paul Copy (black and goldtop)
Limited Edition Series (double-cut Les Paul Junior copy)
Lucy
Mother/Rhythm and Blues
Pro (Jazzbix)
Ripper
UC-2
UC-3
Westbury Performer

Bass guitars
Badazz
Coily
Hi-Flier
Naked
Precisely
Eagle
Professional
Stereo
UB-1
'Lectra

Acoustic guitars
Auditorium
Artist Series
Dove
'Grass

Univox keyboards

Univox K4
Univox MaxiKorg K3
Univox MiniKorg K1/K2
Univox Stringman (see )

Univox Drum Machines

 Univox JR-4
 Univox SR-55
 Univox SR-95
 Univox SR-120

Univox effects

Univox had many effects units, generally made by Shin-Ei, but perhaps their most well known was the Super-Fuzz Pedal, used by Pete Townshend. Univox also produced the Uni-Vibe, a chorus/vibrato that attempted to emulate a Leslie speaker effect popularized by Jimi Hendrix.

References

External links

 VintageUnivox.com

 "Lawsuit" copies discussion
 Matsumoku: Guitars Made in Japan

Guitar amplifier manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
Gulf and Western Industries

Univox


Huo Jianqi (; born January 20, 1958) is a Chinese film director. Like the cinematographer turned director Gu Changwei, Huo Jianqi began his cinematic career in the art department. Nearly all of Huo's films have been written by his wife and collaborator, Qiu Shi, who works under the name "Si Wu." Unlike many of his contemporaries (and predecessors), Huo rarely has had issues with the Chinese government regarding his films, leading some western critics to label him the "darling director of China's film bureaucracy."

Career
Huo attended the Beijing Film Academy in the early 1980s as part of the "Fifth Generation" (which also included directors like Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige).  After graduation, he worked as an art director, including on films such as Tian Zhuangzhuang's The Horse Thief (1986). Huo's own career as a director did not begin, however, until 1995 with The Winner and would not achieve true international success until his 1999 film, Postmen in the Mountains. The simple tale of a father and son traveling through the mountains of Hunan delivering mail proved a success in both China, where it eventually won the Golden Rooster for best film, best director, and best actor Teng Rujun, and abroad in foreign festivals. Upon its release in the United States, the film was praised by critics for its sincerity, critic Roger Ebert noted that the film was "so simple and straightforward that its buried emotions catch us a little by surprise." Huo repeated that film's success with his subsequent project, including 2000's A Love of Blueness and 2002's Life Show (which won the Golden Goblet for best film at the Shanghai International Film Festival).

Huo scored another success with his adaptation of author Mo Yan's The White Dog and the Swing, entitled Nuan. The film, starring Guo Xiaodong and Li Jia in the title role, won the Grand Prix at the Tokyo International Film Festival, as well as another best picture Golden Rooster.

Filmography

References

External links

Huo Jianqi at the Chinese Movie Database
Huo Jianqi at Cinemasie

Film directors from Beijing
Beijing Film Academy alumni
Chinese art directors
1958 births
Living people

Huo Jianqi