Catherine Willows is a fictional character, portrayed by Marg Helgenberger, from the CBS crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and its sequel, CSI: Vegas. Helgenberger made her franchise debut in the first-season episode "Pilot". Helgenberger received several award nominations for her portrayal of Catherine, including two Primetime Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe Award nominations.

Creation and casting
On March 16, 2000, Raymond A. Edel from The Record reported that actress Marg Helgenberger had been cast in the pilot episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, a drama that centers on Las Vegas crime scene investigators. Helgenberger's character was billed as "a stripper-turned-investigator who is also a single mom".

The character of Catherine is based on real-life forensics officer Yolanda McClary of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police. Helgenberger met with McClary and talked about her job in forensics in preparation for the role. The actress stated that McClary helped her understand why she enjoyed working the job. Starting in 2013, McClary appeared prominently on Cold Justice, a reality series devoted to reexamination of unsolved cold case murders usually alongside small-town police who have limited investigative resources.

Departure
Helgenberger announced her departure in 2011, with Catherine making her last appearance in the twelfth season episode "Willows in the Wind", which aired on January 25, 2012. In August 2013, it was announced that Helgenberger would make a guest appearance in the show's 300th episode "Frame By Frame". Catherine appeared in a series of newly recorded flashbacks to a case that occurred in the timeframe of the first season.

Appearances
 Series regular

In the first eleven seasons, Helgenberger appeared in all but six episodes: "Random Acts of Violence" in season three, "Hollywood Brass" and "Committed" in season five, and "House of Hoarders," "All That Cremains," and "Unleashed" in season eleven. She also appeared in the first twelve episodes of season twelve before departing the main cast. She is part of the main cast for the second season of the sequel series, CSI: Vegas.

 Guest star

Helgenberger appeared as a guest star in the season fourteen episode "Frame by Frame", before returning for the feature length finale "Immortality".

Fictional background

Early life and childhood
Catherine Willows was raised by her single mother, Lily Flynn, a cocktail waitress and showgirl. Due to the nature of her mother's jobs, Catherine was constantly moved around the West Coast of America as a child, and because of this, she found it difficult to settle in school. Consequently, she failed to excel to her full potential in school, despite her high intelligence and razor-sharp mind. Catherine left school and began work as an exotic dancer in order to support her boyfriend's music career. She became interested in police work when she befriended a regular at the dance club, Detective Tadero, who also encouraged her to return to school. She attended West Las Vegas University, where she graduated with a degree in Medical Science. Catherine joined the CSI team at LVPD as a lab technician, after which she worked her way up to the role of supervisor under the watchful eye of Gil Grissom.

Family and relationships
Catherine has one daughter, Lindsey Willows (originally played by Madison McReynolds, then played by Kay Panabaker, and finally played by Katie Stevens in the series finale), who frequently appears in episodes of CSI. Lindsey's father and Catherine's ex-husband, Eddie Willows (Timothy Carhart), also falls into storylines before being murdered. Catherine also discovers that her absent father was, in fact, her old family friend and big casino boss, Sam Braun (Scott Wilson). After coming to terms with the revelation, she lost Braun when he was gunned down.

In Season 10, Catherine began a relationship with LVPD Detective Vartann (Alex Carter). It was revealed in season 11 that Sam Braun had left her a portion of his casino business in his will. She also had a best friend Laura Gabriel (who, in "Willows in the Wind", is revealed to be the person behind all the killings) whom she met up with in the episode "Zippered".

After Catherine's friend is killed (which is revealed to have been staged by Laura and a former FBI agent in "Willows in the Wind") along with four FBI agents, Russell receives an e-mail apparently from her saying that she wants to resign. She is then shot in her home, although she is able to escape with the help of Russell. In the following episode (in which it is revealed the resignation e-mail was fake), she and Russell make it through the firefight, and she is covertly nursed back to health by Doc Robbins with help from others, including the son of Catherine's former boss at the strip club.

Character biography
The character's original CBS biography (which has since been removed) stated that she was born in Bozeman, Montana on March 26, 1963, and raised by her mother, Lily Flynn (Anita Gillette), a former show girl ("Weeping Willows", "Kiss-Kiss, Bye-Bye"). This biography was later revised. The new version states that the character was born in Las Vegas and raised by her single mother, who worked as a cocktail waitress and showgirl at various jobs along the West Coast.

The seventh-season episode "Living Legend" established that Willows was 16 years old (portrayed by Amy Scott) in 1975, the year the movie Jaws was released, which places her year of birth in either 1958 or 1959. She had occasional contact with her biological father, casino owner Sam Braun, but knew him only as a family friend. Sam Braun nicknamed her "Muggs". She did not learn he had fathered her until she was an adult and compared his DNA sample with her own as part of a murder investigation in the episode "Inside the Box". Willows herself worked for a time as a dancer/stripper and briefly had a cocaine habit, dropping it before pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology from UNLV. Like the other characters on CSI, she has a wide knowledge of odd facts that help in their investigations of crime scenes.

Willows has one daughter, Lindsey Willows, and had a stormy relationship with ex-husband Eddie until his murder ("Lady Heather's Box"). Prosecution of Eddie's killer proved impossible due to ambiguous evidence, something she took rather hard.

The show's writers advanced Lindsey's age several years after the death of Eddie, turning the character from preteen to teenager. Willows's relationship with Lindsey soured somewhat after Eddie's murder, and the girl's behavior took a turn for the worse; she would get in fights at school and was once picked up for hitchhiking. Willows took Lindsey to the morgue and showed her the body of a murder victim to impress upon Lindsey the danger of her behavior. Willows later enrolled Lindsey in Butterfield ("4 x 4"), a private school that would keep a tighter rein on her. Lindsay's birthday was mentioned in "Crate 'N' Burial" on October 20, 2000.

Willows's relationship with Sam Braun occasionally created conflicts in cases where he was involved in some way with an ongoing investigation (i.e., "Inside the Box"). Willows however accepted a large monetary gift from Braun, despite some ethical qualms, and became more financially stable. Grissom expressed some misgivings when he learned of this, but no lasting negative repercussions occur.

In episode 702 ("Built to Kill, Part 2"), Sam Braun is shot and dies moments later in Willows's arms. In episode 705 ("Double-Cross"), she lights a candle in a Roman Catholic church in Braun's memory, crosses herself, and whispers, "This one is for you, Sam." It remains to be seen what Willows will inherit from Braun (she was asked about it by fellow investigator Nick Stokes in episode 711 ("Leaving Las Vegas") but beyond describing Braun's large estate as being tied up in land development, she seemed indifferent and not anticipating a large legacy) as he cared very deeply for her, even when she was his legal opponent. At the beginning of episode 1109 ("Wild Life") it is revealed that she owns "a little piece" of the Eclipse Casino, but details are not given.

Willows dates in several episodes. The earliest occurrence was a brief fling with city engineer Paul Newsome (played by Brad Johnson) across three episodes ("$35K O.B.O.", "Justice Is Served" and "Scuba Doobie-Doo"). A later brief flirtation, in the episode "Weeping Willows" (Season 5), ended when the man (Adam Novak, played by Marg Helgenberger's real-life husband, Alan Rosenberg) became overly aggressive.

In Seasons 4 and 5, she dates nightclub owner Chris Bezich (played by Nicholas Lea) whom she meets while investigating a murder that occurred at his night club. Their relationship ends when she discovers him fooling around with one of the club girls. No long-term romantic relationships have otherwise been established, though there was a brief flirtation with fellow CSI Warrick Brown, ending with his marriage, which she described as the end of a "fantasy". She also has flirted with Grissom in a friendly way, he has returned the flirt, especially when he returns from a conference saying he "missed her tush". Willows maintains a close friendship with the other investigators on the night shift, especially Grissom, though she has occasionally criticized him for his lax attitude towards paperwork and office politics. When newcomer Sara Sidle arrived they briefly butted heads, but have become friends since then.

After Greg Sanders is injured in an explosion in the lab in "Play with Fire", Willows visits him in the hospital so that she can tell him personally that she was partially responsible for the accident. Several years later, she also expresses a deal of concern for Sanders when he returns to work not too long after being the victim of a brutal beating in the episode "Fannysmackin'.

After Grissom goes on sabbatical, Willows welcomes his temporary replacement Michael Keppler, accepting Keppler quite quickly into his new role on the team (episode 712, "Sweet Jane"). Despite some misgivings on her part, she is ordered by the Undersheriff McKeen to follow his suggestions in performing an unorthodox investigative style known as "reverse forensics", which, although successful in luring out the suspect, fails to produce charges because of a lack of communication between the undersheriff and the district attorney. It also serves to create a great deal of hard feelings when the other members of her team discover that she and Keppler deceived them and created a false crime scene (episode 713, "Redrum"). After Keppler goes rogue during an investigation, she is the first to express concern to and about him. Unfortunately, she locates him just moments too late, after he takes a fatal bullet meant for a murder witness. When the paramedics declare Keppler to be dead, Willows collapses in tears into (the recently returned) Grissom's arms (episode 715, "Law of Gravity"). Catherine takes Warrick's death in "For Warrick" rather hard, and is possibly the character to show her pain the most, as she breaks down when she sees his body, whereas the others try to keep calm. She told Nick that after Warrick's death she had attended counselling sessions (episode 1101, "Shockwaves"). After Grissom's retirement, Catherine succeeded him as supervisor of the night shift. As Grissom leaves in "One to Go", she is the only one to look up as he leaves; she winks at him as she realizes where he's headed (to Costa Rica to be with Sara), showing the close friendship they share. As supervisor, Catherine oversees a rogue operation that takes Raymond Langston and Nick Stokes to Los Angeles. Ray later murders a suspect, and Catherine is held personally accountable. She is demoted as a result, and spends her final months at CSI working under D.B. Russell.

During a particularly difficult case involving her old school friend, Catherine is offered a job with the FBI. She accepts, and, before leaving Las Vegas, instills some sage advice upon Morgan Brody, paralleling her first conversation with Holly Gribbs in the pilot episode. Catherine returns to CSI in 2015, after three years working at the Los Angeles FBI Field Office. She is given the position of Director of the Las Vegas Crime Lab.

Catherine is mentioned in CSI: Vegas as having taken over one of her dad's casinos as a CEO and that she was in Ireland visiting Lindsay and her grandchild ("Legacy").

Catherine would return to CSI to help out when Grissom and Sara left but also because she had another reason - a friend of hers (Grace) went missing after her shift at the Eclipse. She would reveal to Maxine that the company shut her out and that she suspects they know what happened to Grace.

It would be revealed that Lindsey left CSI since she was doing it to "fulfill her mom's dream" and that she has a daughter. There would be some tension since Catherine wasn't happy with Lindsey's job ("Koala").

Reception
For her portrayal of Catherine, Helgenberger received two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress in a Television Series Drama in 2001 and 2002. At the 6th Golden Satellite Awards, Helgenberger was nominated for Best Actress in a Drama Series. She also earned two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. In 2005, Helgenberger won Favorite Female TV Performer at the 31st People's Choice Awards.

Catherine was listed at number 82 on Bravo's 100 Greatest TV Characters, along with Gil Grissom. She was also included in TV Guides list of "TV's Sexiest Crime Fighters". A writer for the publication commented "It's not difficult to believe that Catherine Willows was once an exotic dancer at a Vegas strip club. Thankfully, it's because of a regular at that gig that led her to pursuing higher education and eventually snare a CSI job."

While reviewing the pilot episode, Mark A. Perigard from The Boston Herald thought that Catherine was an exception to the show's "revolting characters", calling her "harried but compassionate". Mia Jones from After Ellen praised the character, commenting "CSIs Catherine Willows oozes feminine sex appeal even when she's bogged down with a bullet-proof vest, a gigantic utility belt, baseball cap and aviators. She is the anti-Debra Morgan."

Willows has been included in some of the scholarly publications that examine the show and its effects on society. One paper published in the International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology found that CSI "CSI contributed to the cultural dialogue on women entering STEM
fields," saying that Willows specifically is typical of female characters as of 2000: significantly more complex than those in earlier periods but not immune to stereotyping. The paper also notes that when Willows and Sara Sidle are on screen alone together, they rarely talk about men, causing the episode to pass the Bechdel test. It criticizes the show, however, for showing career women like Willows and Sidle as necessarily having terrible social lives, concluding that the script punishes them for choosing STEM careers.

Succession
Catherine has held numerous positions during the series' run, first appearing as a CSI Level III in the series pilot episode. She is replaced in this position by Nick Stokes. She later features in the following roles:
 CSI Level III Assistant Supervisor ("Cool Change" - "Ch-Ch-Changes"), a role she inherited from Grissom. She was succeeded by Sofia Curtis.
 CSI Level III Supervisor ("Mea Culpa" - "Grave Danger (II)"), on the Swing Shift.
 CSI Level III Assistant Supervisor ("Bodies in Motion" - "Leaving Las Vegas"), replacing Sofia Curtis.
 CSI Level III Supervisor ("Sweet Jane" - "Law of Gravity"), an acting position during Grissom's sabbatical.
 CSI Level III Assistant Supervisor ("Monster in the Box - "One to Go"), upon Grissom's return. She is replaced by Nick Stokes.
 CSI Level III Supervisor ("The Grave Shift" - "In a Dark, Dark House"), succeeding Grissom. She is later replaced by D.B. Russell.
 CSI Level III Assistant Supervisor ("73 Seconds" - "Willows in the Wind"), following her demotion. She succeeds Stokes, and is replaced by Julie Finlay.
 FBI Special Agent in Charge ("Willows in the Wind" - "Immortality"), based out of the Los Angeles field office.
 Director of the Las Vegas Crime Lab ("Immortality"), a role she acquires when Sara departs the Crime Lab. She replaces D.B. Russell.

References

External links
 Catherine Willows at crimelab.nl

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation characters
CSI: Vegas
Fictional characters from Montana
Fictional Las Vegas Police Department detectives
Fictional forensic scientists
Fictional Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel
Television characters introduced in 2000

Catherine Willows


Switching costs or switching barriers are terms used in microeconomics, strategic management, and marketing. They may be defined as the disadvantages or expenses consumers feel they experience, along with the economic and psychological costs of switching from one alternative to another. For example, when telephone service providers also offer Internet access as a package deal they are adding value to their service. A barrier to switching is then formed as swapping internet services providers is a time consuming effort. There are a range of different switching costs that fall under three main categories: procedural switching barriers, financial switching barriers, and relational switching barriers. Procedural switching barriers refer to the time and resources associated with changing to a new provider; financial switching barriers refer to the loss of financially measurable resources; and relational switching barriers look at the emotional inconvenience from the breaking of bonds and loss of identity.

Types of switching barriers

Procedural switching barriers
Procedural switching barriers emerge from the buyer's decision-making process and the execution of their decision. Procedural switching barriers consist of: economic risk, learning, and setup costs, evaluation, this type of switching cost primarily involves the expenditure of time and effort. There are a number of switching costs or facets that fall under procedural switching barriers. Uncertainty costs refer to the perceived likelihood of acquiring a lesser performance and quality when switching. They have the potential to prevent a customer from switching. Pre-switching search and evaluation costs refer to the time and effort costs associated with the search and evaluations required to make a switching decision. Post-switching behavioural and cognitive costs envision the time and effort needed to become familiar with a new service routine when switching occurs. Setup costs refer to the time and effort costs related to the process of establishing a new product for initial use or forming a relationship with a new provider.

Financial switching barriers
Financial switching barriers involve the loss of financially measurable resources. There are two facets of financial switching barriers. Sunk costs are the considerations of costs and investments already incurred in initiating and maintaining relationships. Lost performance costs refer to the perceived liberties and benefits lost as a result of switching. Large lines of credit also act as financial switching barriers when customer lose the offer of large trade credit from incumbent or existing supplier .

Relational switching barriers
Relational switching barriers include the psychological or emotional discomfort caused by terminating a relationship and the breaking of bonds, along with the time and effort involved in and forming a new relationship. There are two facets of relational switching barriers. Brand relationship loss costs are the losses associated with severing the bonds of identification that have been developed alongside the brand with which a customer has associated. These bonds are lost when switching providers. Personal relationship loss costs are the losses and discomfort associated with switching to a provider that a consumer is not familiar with, as familiarity creates comfort for the consumer.

Collective switching barriers
Collective switching costs are a unique macro form of switching barriers, appearing when the market presents collective externalities towards a service or product, and represents the combined switching costs of all entities in the market. These costs affect the competition by improving incumbents and withholding new entrants into the market, who must overcome individual and collective switching costs to advance in the market. In the presence of the product/ service externalities, participation in the dominant product or service provides the most value, while at the same time, it increases the value of the product or service. As a group, entities face collective switching costs that surpass the sum of the individual costs, because unless a coordinated desertion takes place, any individual deserter finds themselves cut out of the collective use of the product / service and its benefits.

See also

Barriers to entry
Barriers to exit
Closed platform
Job lock
Porter 5 forces analysis
Transaction cost
Vendor lock-in

References

Further reading
 Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian (1999). Information Rules, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
 John T. Gourville (2003). "Why Consumers Don't Buy: The Psychology of New Product Adoption," Harvard Business School Case No. 504-056. (Revised April 5, 2004).
 Andy Grove, (July 21, 2003). "Churning Things Up," Fortune. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

Strategic management
Monopoly (economics)
Marketing strategy

Switching barriers


Panares () was a Greek general (strategos) of the ancient Cretan city of Kydonia in 69 BC at the time when the Romans attacked the city. Kydonia had aligned itself with the interests of pirates and incurred the anger of the Roman Senate. The Romans commissioned the praetor Marcus Antonius to take care of the Pirate Problem in the Mediterranean. In 69 BC, he besieged Kydonia. When the Romans vanquished Kydonia, Panares surrendered the city, while his fellow strategos, Lasthenes, fled to Knossos.

References

Citations

Sources
Appianus of Alexandria and Horace White. The Roman History of Appian of Alexandria, Macmillan Company, 1899.
Hogan, C. Michael. "Cydonia". Modern Antiquarian, January 23, 2008.
Mommsen, Theodor and William Purdie Dickson (trans.). The History of Rome, 1894.

1st-century BC Greek people
Ancient Cretan generals
Roman Crete
Ancient Greek pirates
Ancient Cydonians

Panares


Catley Priory was a monastic house in Walcott, Lincolnshire, England.

The Gilbertine priory of Saint Mary, Catley, was founded as a double house for nuns and monks between 1154 and 1158 by Peter of Billinghay.  He endowed it with the whole of the then island of Catley, the site of a grange and some arable land in Walcott, the church at Billinghay and the chapel at Walcott, pasture for four hundred sheep and right of fishing on Walcott marsh. The number of inmates was limited to sixty nuns and lay-sisters, and thirty-five canons and lay-brothers.

Always amongst the poorest of the Gilbertine houses, the priory was in serious financial trouble by 1338, and King Edward III excused them from payment of tax. Only seven years later the same event occurred.

The house was surrendered on 25 September 1538 by William Swift, the last Prior, and two of his canons. The site was eventually acquired by Robert Carr (sometimes Carre) of Sleaford. The site is an ancient scheduled monument.

References

Monasteries in Lincolnshire
Gilbertine monasteries
1150s establishments in England
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
1538 disestablishments in England

Catley Priory


Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo (1929 – September 14, 2008), also known as Lobsang Nyima Rinpoche, a Tibetan religious leader, was the 100th Ganden Tripa, or spiritual leader of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism from 1994 until 2002.

Lobsang Nyima was born in 1929 to parents, Lobsang Tsering and Yeshi Lhamo. Nyima began his studies in the "Five Treatises of Buddhism" in 1945 when he was seventeen years old at Drepung Loseling Monastic University in Tibetan under the instruction of the Dalai Lama.

His many degrees and spiritual positions included a degree of Lharampa Geshe, Jangtse Choeje, serving as abbot of Namgyal Monastery, abbot of Gyudmed Tantric University, and an honorary doctorate degree from the Tibetan Institute of Higher Studies in Varanasi, India. Nyima was also well versed in both poetry and grammar.

Lobsang Nyima was elevated to the highest position in the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism in 1994, becoming the 100th Ganden Tripa. The Ganden Tripa is the spiritual leader of the Gelug school. He remained Ganden Tripa until 2002, when he was succeeded by the Venerable Khensur Lungri Namgyel.

Writings
Examples of Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo's major writings included:
 Religious History and Prayers for Lineages of abbots of Gyudmed Tantric Monastery
 Prayers for Long-Life and Swift Return of Incarnations of Many High Lamas
 An Eulogy of Maitreya (Gyalwa Jampa)

Death
Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo, the "100th holder of Ganden Tripa," died at Kles Hospital and MRC in Belgaum, India, on September 14, 2008, after a brief illness. He was 79 years old.

References

1929 births
2008 deaths
Ganden Tripas
Gelug Lamas
Lamas from Tibet
20th-century lamas

Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo


HMS Chanticleer was a Cherokee-class 10-gun brig of the Royal Navy. Chanticleer was launched on 26 July 1808. She served in European waters (mainly the North Sea) in the Napoleonic Wars and was paid off and laid up at Sheerness in July 1816. She was chosen for an 1828 scientific voyage to the Pacific Ocean.  Her poor condition on her return meant that the Admiralty replaced her for the second voyage in 1831 with another Cherokee-class brig, Beagle, which subsequently became famous because of the association with Charles Darwin. Chanticleer then spent 15 years as a customs watch ship at Burnham-on-Crouch and was broken up in 1871.

War service
Her initial base was Great Yarmouth. She was commissioned in September 1808 under Commander Charles Harford, but he drowned in an accident on 19 October, so Commander Richard Spear took command in November 1808. On 27 July 1809, Chanticleer captured the Russian lugger Emperor. Then on 24 October,  captured the Jupiter.  and Chanticleer shared in the prize money by agreement.

On 2 September 1811 while off the coast of Norway, Chanticleer became involved in an action with three 18-gun brigs of the Royal Danish Navy, Lolland, Alsen and Samsøe.  Outgunned and outnumbered, Chanticleer made good her escape, leaving her consort, , for the Danes to capture.

On 28 August 1810, Chanticleer captured the Dutch fishing boat Hoop. Chanticleer was under the command of John G. M'Bride M'Killop (Acting Commander) when she took possession of the derelict vessel Haabet on 16 November 1811.

Chanticleer was in company with  when they captured the Jobb on 2 January 1812. Then on 9 April 1812, Chanticleer captured the Danish vessel Christine.

On 23 October 1812, Chanticleer,  and  captured the Jonge Henrick.

Chanticleer served chiefly as an escort vessel and cruised off the European coast. Commander Stewart Blacker assumed command in May 1813. In 1813, she took three prizes near the German archipelago of Heligoland in the North Sea. Commander J. Thomson replace Blacker in July 1814.

In August 1815 Chanticleer, under the command of Lieutenant George Tupman (Acting), was part of the British force that captured Guadeloupe. She swept one beach of the few French troops that made an appearance; she then provided cover at another beach.

On 2 October 1815 Chanticlear and  brought a French brig into Antigua. The brig was carrying 208 slaves from Africa and some ivory tusks.

Post-war service
Chanticleer was at Chatham in 1817. On 23 October 1821 Captain Henry Eden took command. He sailed her to the Mediterranean, where he was "very efficiently occupied during the revolution in Greece." Commander Burton Macnamara replaced him in July 1822. Two months later Chanticleer was dispatched to Fanari, Preveza, to supervise evacuation of the Souliotes.

Charles James Hope Johnstone took command in September 1824, still in the Mediterranean. He was posted in December 1826 and command devolved to an acting commander until April 1827, when Commander John Balfour Maxwell took command.

Chanticleer was dispatched on a scientific expedition in the Pacific Ocean in 1828 under the command of Captain Henry Foster, who had taken command in December 1827. He explored the South Atlantic, and especially the South Shetland Islands; Port Foster on Deception Island, which is the caldera of an extinct volcano, is named after him.  On the expedition, the ship visited the River Plate and Staten Island of Argentina, Cape Horn of Chile at the southernmost tip of South America, New Zealand, South Georgia, and rounded the Cape of Good Hope. From there she sailed back to South America via Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Fernando de Noronha. Chanticleer reached the South American coast at Saint Louis, Maranham. From there she sailed up the Amazon river to Pará. Chanticleer next arrived at Port of Spain, Trinidad, sailing from there to La Guaira and on to Portobelo, Colón. Foster sent his first lieutenant, Horatio Thomas Austin across the Isthmus of Darien. After Austin returned, Foster set out to conduct some more scientific tests in the same area. Unfortunately, after he had completed his experiments and was on his way back to his ship, Foster fell out of his canoe in the Chagres River and drowned. After Foster's death, the ship's command fell to Austin. He sailed Chanticleer across the Atlantic Ocean to Falmouth in 1831.

Chanticleer had originally been scheduled to make the second South America survey of 1831, but due to her poor condition after her three-year voyage, the Admiralty sent Beagle instead. Thus it was Beagle, and not Chanticleer, that became the ship upon which Charles Darwin established his reputation as a naturalist.

Instead of sending Chanticleer to South America, the Navy lent her to the Royal Sailing Society, Thames. That assignment lasted from 1831 to 1832.

In 1832, Dr John Frost obtained an Admiralty grant to establish Chanticleer as a hospital ship to be moored off Millbank to serve as a refuge for Thames boatmen. However, Frost overextended himself and the plan fell through.

Fate

In 1845, Chanticleer was towed to Burnham-on-Crouch in Essex, for use in the River Crouch as a Customs watch ship. She was re-named WV5 (Watch Vessel 5) on 25 May 1863 and served in that capacity until 1870. She was broken up in June 1871 at Sheerness.

Notes

Citations

References

External links

Brig-sloops of the Royal Navy
Cherokee-class brig-sloops
1808 ships

HMS Chanticleer (1808)


Wanted: Ted or Alive is a reality television series that can be seen on the Versus channel, which used to be OLN. Ted Nugent invited 5 strangers to his ranch in Michigan, where he teaches them survival skills, and then they compete for cash prizes.

American reality television series

Wanted: Ted or Alive