Becoming Batman: The Possibility of a Superhero  is a 2008 science book by neuroscience professor E. Paul Zehr. The book was first published on November 7, 2008, through Johns Hopkins University Press and covers how much an ordinary person would need to train and adapt to become Batman. Becoming Batman is unique in its explicit analysis of whether or not it is actually possible for a human being to achieve Batman status through training.

Synopsis
In the book Zehr goes over the amount of physical training that would be necessary for someone to become Batman. Zehr draws upon his knowledge as a neuroscientist, kinesiologist, and martial artist to do this, and covers topics such as what it would be like to fight in a superhero uniform as well as what a person's daily dietary requirements would be. Becoming Batman is unique in its explicit analysis of whether or not it is actually possible for a human being to achieve Batman status through training.

Reception
The Guardian gave a mostly positive review for Becoming Batman, remarking that Zehr's " grasp of Chinese martial arts is somewhat loose, but the physiological material is fascinating and well explained." Publishers Weekly also gave a positive review, remarking that the book would have an obvious appeal to fans of Batman.

Broader Impact
Zehr's work has also had a reciprocal impact on the way the comics are viewed and even written, providing reference material regarding the "physical reality of Batman" as recognized by Scottish Batman, Incorporated writer Grant Morrison.
More recently, because of Becoming Batman, media articles discussing Batman and the DC Universe have included commentary by Zehr as a relevant authority, or referred to ideas from his book, weaving his scientific perspective into the Batman conversation.

References

External links

E. Paul Zehr's webpage

Batman in other media
Popular science books
Superhero comics
Books about comics
Johns Hopkins University Press books

Becoming Batman


Historiettes, Contes et Fabliaux (English: Stories, Tales and Fables) are a set of short tales written by the Marquis de Sade while imprisoned in the Bastille. The dates of the tales range from 1787 to 1788. They were published in a collected edition for the first time in 1926 together with Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man (written in 1782).

History
Despite it having been written after de Sade's Les 120 journées de Sodome ou l'école du libertinage and Justine, the collection features little of the graphic display, elaborate torture and overall sadism that typically characterize de Sade's writing. The stories range from simple anecdotical tales with plot twists to clever softcore comedy and even some fantastic literature. Nevertheless, de Sade's trademark disdain for religion, morality and the French government remains, as does his sexually-themed narrative and devotion to nature as an excuse for the ways of the libertine.

Synopsis
The anthology is divided in two parts - Historiettes (consisting of 11 short stories) and Contes et Fabliaux (consisting of 14 short stories), as well as an appendice.

Historiettes features all stories dealing with the fantastic (Le serpent, Le revenant and Aventure incompréhensible) as well as the shorter, anecdotical-like ones (Attrapez-moi toujours de même, La Fleur de châtaignier).

Contes et Fabliaux features the more sadistic stories in the vein of de Sade's better known works. One in particular, Le Président mystifié ("The Mystified Magistrate"), is the longest of the collection and due to its length and structure is sometimes considered a nouvelle of its own. The tale revolves around the title [gullible] magistrate, his upcoming marriage to a woman who (unbeknownst to him) does not desire him, and the series of practical jokes, hoaxes and elaborate schemes that the woman's brother-in-law (the marquis d'Olincourt) perpetrates against the magistrate in order to stop the wedding.

Contents

Historiettes
 Le Serpent
 La Saillie Gasconne
 L'Heureuse Feinte
 Le M… puni
 L'Évêque embourbé
 Le Revenant
 Les Harangueurs Provençaux
 Attrapez-moi toujours de même
 L'Époux complaisant
 Aventure incompréhensible
 La Fleur de châtaignier
Contes et Fabliaux
 L'Instituteur philosophe
 La Prude, ou la Rencontre imprévue
 Émilie de Tourville, ou la Cruauté fraternelle
 Augustine de Villeblanche, ou le Stratagème de l'amour
 Soit fait ainsi qu'il est requis
 Le Président mystifié
 La Marquise de Thélème, ou les Effets du libertinage
 Le Talion
 Le Cocu de lui-même, ou le Raccommodement imprévu
 Il y a place pour deux
 L'Époux corrigé
 Le Mari prêtre
 La Châtelaine de Longeville, ou la Femme vengée
 Les Filous
Appendice
 Les Dangers de la bienfaisance

Prison writings
Works by the Marquis de Sade

Historiettes, Contes et Fabliaux


Dazhou Island (commonly known as Grand Island or Tinhosa Island) is a state-level nature reserve located about 5 km off the coast of Wanning, Hainan, China. This protected area covers 4.36 square kilometres, and comprises three mountains spanning two islands. These mountains, the tallest of which is 289 metres above sea level, have been used as navigational markers by mariners since the Tang Dynasty.

Geography
The islands are composed of mainly rain forests and rocky terrain.

Wildlife
This group of two islands is home to more than one hundred individual flocks of swifts. These swifts, the only colonies in China, nest in caves. The nests are gathered for bird's nest soup.

References

Islands of Hainan

Dazhou Island


Greater Morocco is a label historically used by some Moroccan nationalist political leaders protesting against Spanish, Portuguese, Algerian and French rule, to refer to wider territories historically associated with the Moroccan sultan. Current usage most frequently occurs in a critical context, accusing Morocco, largely in discussing the disputed Western Sahara, of irredentist claims on neighboring territories.

The main competing ideologies of the Greater Morocco ideology have been Sahrawi nationalism, Mauritanian irredentism, Spanish nationalism, Berber separatism and Pan-Arabism.

Irredentist, official and unofficial Moroccan claims on territories viewed by Moroccans as having been under some form of Moroccan sovereignty (most frequently with respect to the Spanish exclaves), are rhetorically tied back to an accused expansionism. However, Moroccan government claims make no current reference to the Greater Morocco concept.

History

In 1963, following the Independence of Algeria, Morocco attacked a strip of its south-western regions (Tindouf Province and Béchar Province), claiming that parts of them were previously under Moroccan sovereignty. There were several hundred casualties. French sources reported Algerian casualties to be 60 dead and 250 wounded, with later works giving a number of 300 Algerian dead. Morocco officially reported to have suffered 39 dead. Moroccan losses were probably lower than the Algerians' but are unconfirmed, with later sources reporting 200 Moroccan dead. About 57 Moroccans and 379 Algerians were taken prisoner. After a month of fighting and some hundreds of casualties, the conflict stalemated (see Sand War).

In the early stages of decolonisation, certain elected Moroccan politicians, in particular some members of the Istiqlal Party, like Allal al-Fassi, the sole advocate of "total liberation" who refused to enter France even to meet with his monarch or long-standing nationalist colleagues, were in favour of claiming wider territories historically associated in some way with the Moroccan Sultan. That was initially not supported by the Sultan (later King) of Morocco. Al-Fassi's ambitions gained more support in parliament in the beginning of the sixties, leading to a delay in the recognition of Mauritania (independent in 1960, not recognised by Morocco until 1969).

Al-Fassi's wider claims were effectively abandoned in the later 1960s, although Morocco claims Western Sahara and the Spanish plazas de soberanía on its northern coast. Morocco's refusal to accept its post-colonial borders in the case of Western Sahara has put it on a collision course with the African Union, which holds that as one of its principles. As a consequence, Morocco is the only African country to step out of the union because the Polisario Front, representing the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, was awarded a seat.

The government of King Hassan II laid claim on several territories, successfully acquiring the Tarfaya Strip after the Ifni War with Spain, and much of the territory around Ceuta and Melilla. Morocco also acquired much of Spanish Sahara after Spain handed the territory to Morocco and Mauritania (see the Madrid Accords). Spanish Sahara remains a disputed territory, with the Polisario Front who claim it as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

In 1982, Spain entered the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
However, Ceuta and Melilla are not under NATO protection since Article 6 of the treaty limits the coverage to Europe and North America. The Canary Islands are protected, as they are islands north of the Tropic of Cancer.

Legal experts have interpreted that other articles could cover the Spanish North African cities, but that take has not been tested in practice.

In 2002, an armed incident erupted between Morocco and Spain, regarding the uninhabited Perejil Island, located 250 m off the Moroccan northern coast. On July 11, 2002 a group of Moroccan soldiers set up base on the islet and so violated the status quo situation agreed between both states. The Moroccan government said that they set foot on the island to monitor illegal immigration, which was denied by the Spanish government since there had been little co-operation in the matter, a repeated source of complaint from Spain. After protests from the Spanish government, led by José María Aznar, the soldiers were replaced by Moroccan navy cadets, who then installed a fixed base on the island. On the morning of July 18, 2002, Spain launched a full-scale military operation to take over the island. The operation was successful and the Moroccan Navy cadets were dislodged from the island in a matter of hours and offered no resistance to the Spanish Grupo de Operaciones Especiales (commando) attack force. The islet returned to its status quo situation and is now deserted. The episode highlighted the mediation role offered by the United States and the lack of collaboration of France towards its European allies during the crisis.

In 2020, US President Donald Trump signed a proclamation recognizing Morocco's sovereignty of the Western Sahara in exchange for the recognition of Israel by Morocco. However, the European states did not modify their position with regard to the UN resolutions that recognise the Western Sahara as a territory yet to be decolonised. That, indirectly, together with the hosting of Brahim Gali, the leader of the Polisario, for medical treatment in Spain, was seen by Morocco as an aggression and provoked a new migratory crisis over the Spanish domain of Ceuta, in North Africa. The crisis was polemic since Morocco had acted beyond the diplomatic channels and with the passive role of the Moroccan frontier police, which did not impede the flow by jumping the fence or by swimming through the sea that surrounds the frontier line. The Spanish Army intervened to control the trespassing. At least two people died in the episode while they were trying to reach the shore.

See also

Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference
Spanish Morocco
Plazas de soberanía
List of Spanish colonial wars in Morocco
List of irredentist claims or disputes
Cold War

References

Historiography of Morocco
History of Western Sahara
Morocco
Mauritania–Morocco relations
Moroccan nationalism

Greater Morocco


Muḥammad Mu'min ibn Mīr Muḥammad Zamān Tunakābunī () was a 17th-century Persian physician from Mazandaran.

Tunakabuni was an author on various medical and religious topics. He based his large Persian compendium of simple and compound remedies, which according to the text was composed in 1679, on Arabic authorities and on Indian sources. His treatise was dedicated to Shah Sulayman, who ruled from 1666 to 1694.  Grandfathers of him emigrated from Tonekabon to Isfahan and were special healers of the kings of the Safavid dynasty. Tunakabuni was also the special doctor of King Soleiman and had skill in medicine and language. He wrote his famous book, Tohfat AL-mo'menin, for king Soleiman.

See also
List of Iranian scientists

References

Sources
For his medical writings, see:

 C.A. Storey, Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Volume II, Part 2: E.Medicine (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1971), p. 261-3 no. 448
Lutz Richter-Bernburg, Persian Medical Manuscripts at the University of California, Los Angeles: A Descriptive Catalogue, Humana Civilitas, vol. 4 (Malibu: Udena Publications, 1978), pp. 128–31
Fateme Keshavarz, A Descriptive and Analytical Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1986) p. 268
A.Z. Iskandar, A Descriptive List of Arabic Manuscripts on Medicine and Science at the University of California, Los Angeles (Leiden: Brill, 1984). p. 36.

17th-century Iranian physicians
Pharmacologists of medieval Iran
People from Tonekabon
17th-century writers from Safavid Iran

Tunakabuni


Robert Henry Lightfoot  (30 September 1883 – 24 November 1953) was an Anglican priest and theologian, who was Dean Ireland's Professor of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford from 1934 to 1949.

Life
Lightfoot was the youngest son of Prideaux Lightfoot, Archdeacon of Oakham, and grandson of a former Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. He was born on 30 September 1883 and was educated at Uppingham School and Eton College before studying classics and then theology at Worcester College, Oxford.  He was advised that he was not good enough to obtain an academic job, so became curate of a parish in Haslemere in 1909.  However, in 1912, he was offered a position at Wells Theological College, becoming Vice-Principal in 1913 and Principal in 1916.  Lightfoot was chaplain to Edward Stuart Talbot, Bishop of Winchester, between 1917 and 1919 when the college was closed because of the war.

After briefly returning to Wells in 1919, he was appointed as chaplain and Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, moving in 1921 to New College as Fellow, Tutor and Dean of Divinity. He was appointed as Dean Ireland's Professor of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture in 1934, and was then less involved in college affairs: up until then he had undertaken many administrative tasks to make up for the lesser teaching burden that he had compared to other colleagues at New College. He resigned his professorship in 1949; after he ceased to be a Fellow of New College in 1950, he was appointed to an Extraordinary Fellowship at Lincoln College.

He was regarded as a "lucid and accurate" lecturer. He concentrated his work on the four gospels, particularly the Gospel of Mark. He was described as "zealous in promoting Biblical research" at Oxford, but published little as he was "a hesitant writer with an unfeigned horror of inaccuracy". However, his St John's Gospel: A Commentary was published posthumously in 1957, edited by C F Evans. His 1934 Bampton Lectures, History and Interpretation in the Gospels, were regarded even by those who disagreed with him as "an important contribution to the study of the New Testament."

He was acting editor of the Journal of Theological Studies from 1940 to 1947 (when the official editor was Godfrey Rolles Driver) and sole editor from 1948 to 1953.
Lightfoot died in Oxford on 24 November 1953.  He was unmarried.

References

1883 births
1953 deaths
People educated at Uppingham School
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Fellows of Lincoln College, Oxford
Fellows of New College, Oxford
Fellows of the British Academy
20th-century English Anglican priests
British theologians
Dean Ireland's Professors of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture

Robert Lightfoot (priest)


Walsall Leather Museum is located in Walsall, in the West Midlands in England, and was opened in 1988, in a Victorian factory building renovated by Walsall Council. It tells the story of the leather trade in Walsall, charting the town's rise from a small market town into an international saddle-making centre.

The Industry
In 1900, at the peak of the industry, approximately 10,000 people were employed locally in preparing leather, and making saddles, horse bridles and related leather items. It is estimated that there are still at least 40 manufacturers of saddles and bridles in the town including a number of makers of bags and light leathergoods, including Royal Warrant holders.

Exhibitions
Exhibits in the museum include a range of Walsall-made leathergoods, from saddles to gloves, bags, shoes, and leather fashion accessories. A 'contemporary design' section in the museum showcases the work of designers working with leather today. Leather crafts traditional to Walsall are demonstrated within the museum's workshops by a team of experienced skilled craftsmen and women.

The museum also houses a research library of specialist works on the subject of the leather craft and industry.
There is a seasonal events programme featuring craft workshops for children and adults as well as family events.

See also
Igualada Leather Museum
German Leather Museum
Whitehouse Cox (British company)

Bibliography

External links

Buildings and structures in Walsall
Leather museums
Museums in the West Midlands (county)
Industry museums in England
Fashion museums in the United Kingdom
Museums established in 1988
1988 establishments in England

Walsall Leather Museum


Bandhaji is a historic Jain tirtha about 35 km from Tikamgarh.

History
The 900 year old black colored idol of principal deity Bhagwan Ajitnatha is installed in a basement of Shri Bandhaji Atishaya Kshetra. According to historical and archeological evidence available this Kshetra seems to be more than 1,500 years old.

The seven Bhonyare (Basements) are quite famous in 'Bundelkhand'. They are situated in 'Pava', 'Deogarh', 'Seron', 'Karguvan', 'Bandha', 'Papora' and 'Thuvon'. It is said that these seven Basements were constructed by two brothers namely Devpat and Khevpat. The two ancient spired temples are also constructed here which are worth seeing from the point of view of art and magnificence.

This Kshetra is quite wealthy from the point of view of archeology. The important matter related to Jainism is scattered anywhere in fields, pounds, ancient forts and in old temples.
It seems that this place was developed during the time of Chandel Kings and Bhonyare (Basement) constructed during the time of Muslim rulers to keep idols safe.

Main Temple & Idol
At Atishaya Kshetra Bandhaji, the idol of principal deity Bhagwan Ajitnath is installed in ancient Bhonyara. It was created and reverenced in 1142 (Samvat 1199). It is a black colored 2.5 feet high Padmasana idol. On both sides of this idol are several 2 feet high Kayotsarga idols of Bhagwan Adinath and Bhagwan Sambhavnath are installed respectively. These idols were both reverenced in 1152 (Samvat 1209). The other idols of Bhagwan Adinath, Sambhavnath and Neminath are also installed here.
The huge spired temple is built near Bhonyara and it is 65 feet high. This temple was constructed in dense forest. Built in 18th century, this temple is quite artistic. There is one small temple near the spired temple. The small temple was possibly a 'Math' in ancient times and later it was converted into a small temple. Like 'Gandhkuti' it is quite artistic. There are 12 doors in this altar and 'Dharmachakra' is created in center of this temple.

See also
 Paporaji
 Aharji

References

Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh
18th-century Jain temples
Tourist attractions in Tikamgarh district

Bandhaji


Charles Rashad Jamaal Brown (born April 10, 1987) is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints, New York Giants and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at USC.

Early years
Brown attended Diamond Ranch High School in Pomona, California, where he was two-way tackle and tight end. As a sophomore, he received All-league honors. As a junior, he received second-team All-league honors.

As a senior, he tallied 15 receptions for 250 yards, 2 touchdowns, over 70 tackles and 10 sacks. He earned second-team Cal-Hi Sports All-State, All-CIF Division VIII, Los Angeles Times All-San Gabriel Valley Lineman of the Year, Super Prep All-Farwest, Prep Star All-West, Long Beach Press-Telegram Best of the Rest and Tacoma News Tribune Western 100 honors.

Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Brown was listed as the No. 23 offensive tackle prospect in the nation. Meanwhile, Scout.com considered him a tight end prospect and gave him a four-star rating, placing him 10th on their tight end ranking. Brown chose USC over Oregon and UCLA.

College career
Brown was originally recruited as a tight end by USC, and arrived on campus carrying around . In 2005, he was redshirted and converted from tight end into an offensive tackle.

As a freshman in 2006, Brown was a backup to Sam Baker at left tackle and played on special teams. He appeared in all 13 games, including 4 contests where he saw brief action at offensive tackle.

As a sophomore in 2007, he appeared in 9 games (one start) as backup tackle and on special teams. He started at right tackle in the season opener against the University of Idaho. He missed the contest against the University of Arizona with a sprained ankle.

As a junior in 2008, he started all 13 games at left tackle, after the departure of Baker to the NFL. He allowed 3 sacks and was penalized only once. He contributed to the offense ranking 11h in the nation and received honorable-mention All-Pac-10 honors.

As a senior in 2009, Brown was listed at No. 8 on Rivals.com's preseason offensive tackle power ranking. He started all 13, while allowing two sacks on 463 pass plays and being penalized only twice. He was named first-team All-American by the Sporting News, All-Pac-10 and won the Morris Trophy, recognizing the conference's top  offensive and defensive lineman. He finished his college career after appearing in 48 games with 27 starts.

Professional career

2010 NFL Draft
Brown was regarded as one of the best offensive tackles available in the 2010 NFL Draft, and draws comparisons to Maurice Williams. Listed at 285 pounds during his senior year at USC, Brown weighed in at 303 pounds at the NFL Combine.

New Orleans Saints
Brown was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the second round (64th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He signed a four-year contract on July 26, 2010. As a rookie, he appeared in 3 games and was declared inactive for 13 contests and the playoffs.

In 2011, he appeared in 8 games with 5 starts at right tackle. He replaced injured starter Zach Strief in a come from behind win against the Houston Texans and went on to start the next 5 games. On November 2, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a hip pointer.

In 2012, he played in 10 games with 3 starts. He started one game at tight end against the Philadelphia Eagles and 2 contests at right tackle in place of an injured Strief. He missed 4 games with a knee injury. He was placed on the injured reserve list on December 15.

In 2013, he started the first 14 games at left tackle, before being benched for poor play and replaced in the starting lineup with rookie Terron Armstead, for the remaining contests of the regular season and the playoffs. He wasn't re-signed after the season.

New York Giants
On April 1, 2014, the New York Giants announced the signing of Brown to a free agent contract. The contract was for one-year, $795,000, with a base salary of $730,000 and a $55,000 signing bonus. On November 22, he was waived after playing in only 2 games.

New York Jets
On June 12, 2015, Brown was signed by the New York Jets following a tryout at minicamp. He was released on September 5.

Dallas Cowboys
On September 14, 2015, he was signed as a free agent by the Dallas Cowboys, to take over the backup swing tackle role from a struggling Darrion Weems. He didn't have any starts during the season and was just used in some situational run formations.

On March 11, 2016, he was re-signed as an unrestricted free agent by the Cowboys. On July 26, he was placed on the reserve/retired list after announcing his retirement.

References

External links
USC Trojans bio
New York Giants bio
New Orleans Saints bio

1987 births
Living people
American football offensive tackles
Dallas Cowboys players
New Orleans Saints players
New York Giants players
New York Jets players
People from Chino Hills, California
Players of American football from San Bernardino County, California
USC Trojans football players

Charles Brown (offensive lineman)


In aviation, the SHELL model (also known as the SHEL model) is a conceptual model of human factors that helps to clarify the location and cause of human error within an aviation environment.

It is named after the initial letters of its components (Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware) and places emphasis on the human being and human interfaces with other components of the aviation system.

The SHELL model adopts a systems perspective that suggests the human is rarely, if ever, the sole cause of an accident. The systems perspective considers a variety of contextual and task-related factors that interact with the human operator within the aviation system to affect operator performance. As a result, the SHELL model considers both active and latent failures in the aviation system.

History

The model was first developed as the SHEL model by Elwyn Edwards in 1972 and later modified into a 'building block' structure by Frank Hawkins in 1975.

Description

Each component of the SHELL model (software, hardware, environment, liveware) represents a building block of human factors studies within aviation.

The human element or worker of interest (liveware) is at the centre or hub of the SHELL model that represents the modern air transportation system. The human element is the most critical and flexible component in the system, interacting directly with other system components, namely software, hardware, environment and liveware.

However, the edges of the central human component block are varied, to represent human limitations and variations in performance. Therefore, the other system component blocks must be carefully adapted and matched to this central component to accommodate human limitations and avoid stress and breakdowns (incidents/accidents) in the aviation system. To accomplish this matching, the characteristics or general capabilities and limitations of this central human component must be understood.

Human characteristics

Physical size and shape
In the design of aviation workplaces and equipment, body measurements and movement are a vital factor. Differences occur according to ethnicity, age and gender for example. Design decisions must take into account the human dimensions and population percentage that the design is intended to satisfy.

Human size and shape are relevant in the design and location of aircraft cabin equipment, emergency equipment, seats and furnishings as well as access and space requirements for cargo compartments.

Fuel requirements
Humans require food, water and oxygen to function effectively and deficiencies can affect performance and well-being.

Information processing
Humans have limitations in information processing capabilities (such as working memory capacity, time and retrieval considerations) that can also be influenced by other factors such as motivation and stress or high workload. Aircraft display, instrument and alerting/warning system design needs to take into account the capabilities and limitations of human information processing to prevent human error.

Input characteristics
The human senses for collecting vital task and environment-related information are subject to limitations and degradation. Human senses cannot detect the whole range of sensory information available. For example, the human eye cannot see an object at night due to low light levels. This produces implications for pilot performance during night flying. In addition to sight, other senses include sound, smell, taste and touch (movement and temperature).

Output characteristics
After sensing and processing information, the output involves decisions, muscular action and communication. Design considerations include aircraft control-display movement relationship, acceptable direction of movement of controls, control resistance and coding, acceptable human forces required to operate aircraft doors, hatches and cargo equipment and speech characteristics in the design of voice communication procedures.

Environmental tolerances
People function effectively only within a narrow range of environmental conditions (tolerable for optimum human performance) and therefore their performance and well-being is affected by physical environmental factors such as temperature, vibration, noise, g-forces and time of day as well as time zone transitions, boring/stressful working environments, heights and enclosed spaces.

Components

Software
 Non-physical, intangible aspects of the aviation system that govern how the aviation system operates and how information within the system is organised.
 Software may be likened to the software that controls the operations of computer hardware.
 Software includes rules, instructions, aviation law and regulations, policies, norms, orders, safety procedures, standard operating procedures, customs, practices, conventions, habits, symbology, supervisor commands and computer programmes.
 Software can be included in a collection of documents such as the contents of charts, maps, publications, emergency operating manuals and procedural checklists.

Hardware
 Physical elements of the aviation system such as aircraft (including controls, surfaces, displays, functional systems and seating), operator equipment, tools, materials, buildings, vehicles, computers, conveyor belts etc.

Environment
 The context in which aircraft and aviation system resources (software, hardware, liveware) operate, made up of physical, organisational, economic, regulatory, political and social variables that may impact on the worker/operator.
 Internal air transport environment relates to immediate work area and includes physical factors such as cabin/cockpit temperature, air pressure, humidity, noise, vibration and ambient light levels.
 External air transport environment includes the physical environment outside the immediate work area such as weather (visibility/Turbulence), terrain, congested airspace and physical facilities and infrastructure including airports as well as broad organisational, economic, regulatory, political and social factors.

Liveware
 Human element or people in the aviation system. For example, flight crew personnel who operate aircraft, cabin crew, ground crew, management and administration personnel.
 The liveware component considers human performance, capabilities and limitations.

The four components of the SHELL model or aviation system do not act in isolation but instead interact with the central human component to provide areas for human factors analysis and consideration. The SHELL model indicates relationships between people and other system components and therefore provides a framework for optimising the relationship between people and their activities within the aviation system that is of primary concern to human factors. In fact, the International Civil Aviation Organisation has described human factors as a concept of people in their living and working situations; their interactions with machines (hardware), procedures (software) and the environment about them; and also their relationships with other people.

According to the SHELL model, a mismatch at the interface of the blocks/components where energy and information is interchanged can be a source of human error or system vulnerability that can lead to system failure in the form of an incident/accident. Aviation disasters tend to be characterised by mismatches at interfaces between system components, rather than catastrophic failures of individual components.

Interfaces

Liveware-Software (L-S)
 Interaction between human operator and non-physical supporting systems in the workplace.
 Involves designing software to match the general characteristics of human users and ensuring that the software (e.g. rules/procedures) is capable of being implemented with ease.
 During training, flight crew members incorporate much of the software (e.g. procedural information) associated with flying and emergency situations into their memory in the form of knowledge and skills. However, more information is obtained by referring to manuals, checklists, maps and charts. In a physical sense these documents are regarded as hardware however in the information design of these documents adequate attention has to be paid to numerous aspects of the L-S interface.
 For instance, by referring to cognitive ergonomics principles, the designer must consider currency and accuracy of information; user-friendliness of format and vocabulary; clarity of information; subdivision and indexing to facilitate user retrieval of information; presentation of numerical data; use of abbreviations, symbolic codes and other language devices; presentation of instructions using diagrams and/or sentences etc. The solutions adopted after consideration of these informational design factors play a crucial role in effective human performance at the L-S interface.
 Mismatches at the L-S interface may occur through:
 Insufficient/inappropriate procedures
 Misinterpretation of confusing or ambiguous symbology/checklists
 Confusing, misleading or cluttered documents, maps or charts
 Irrational indexing of an operations manual.
 A number of pilots have reported confusion in trying to maintain aircraft attitude through reference to the Head-Up-Display artificial horizon and 'pitch-ladder' symbology.

Liveware-Hardware (L-H)
 Interaction between human operator and machine
 Involves matching the physical features of the aircraft, cockpit or equipment with the general characteristics of human users while considering the task or job to be performed. Examples:
 designing passenger and crew seats to fit the sitting characteristics of the human body
 designing cockpit displays and controls to match the sensory, information processing and movement characteristics of human users while facilitating action sequencing, minimising workload (through location/layout) and including safeguards for incorrect/inadvertent operation.
 Mismatches at the L-H interface may occur through:
 poorly designed equipment
 inappropriate or missing operational material
 badly located or coded instruments and control devices
 warning systems that fail in alerting, informational or guidance functions in abnormal situations etc.
 The old 3-pointer aircraft altimeter encouraged errors because it was very difficult for pilots to tell what information related to which pointer.

Liveware-Environment (L-E)
 Interaction between human operator and internal and external environments.
 Involves adapting the environment to match human requirements. Examples:
 Engineering systems to protect crews and passengers from discomfort, damage, stress and distraction caused by the physical environment.
 Air conditioning systems to control aircraft cabin temperature
 Sound-proofing to reduce noise
 Pressurisation systems to control cabin air pressure
 Protective systems to combat ozone concentrations
 Using black-out curtains to obtain sleep during daylight house as a result of transmeridian travel and shift work
 Expanding infrastructure, passenger terminals and airport facilities to accommodate more people due to larger jets (e.g. Airbus A380) and the growth in air transport
 Examples of mismatches at the L-E interface include:
 Reduced performance and errors resulting from disturbed biological rhythms (jet lag) as a result of long-range flying and irregular work-sleep patterns
 Pilot perceptual errors induced by environmental conditions such as visual illusions during aircraft approach/landing at nighttime
 Flawed operator performance and errors as a result of management failure to properly address issues at the L-E interface including:
 Operator stress due to changes in air transport demand and capacity during times of economic boom and economic recession.
 Biased crew decision making and operator short-cuts as a consequence of economic pressure brought on by airline competition and cost-cutting measures linked with deregulation.
 Inadequate or unhealthy organisational environment reflecting a flawed operating philosophy, poor employee morale or negative organisational culture.

Liveware-Liveware (L-L)
 Interaction between central human operator and any other person in the aviation system during performance of tasks.
 Involves interrelationships among individuals within and between groups including maintenance personnel, engineers, designers, ground crew, flight crew, cabin crew, operations personnel, air traffic controllers, passengers, instructors, students, managers and supervisors.
 Human-human/group interactions can positively or negatively influence behaviour and performance including the development and implementation of behavioural norms. Therefore, the L-L interface is largely concerned with:
 interpersonal relations
 leadership
 crew cooperation, coordination and communication
 dynamics of social interactions
 teamwork
 cultural interactions
 personality and attitude interactions.
 The importance of the L-L interface and the issues involved have contributed to the development of cockpit/crew resource management (CRM) programmes in an attempt to reduce error at the interface between aviation professionals
 Examples of mismatches at the L-L interface include:
 Communication errors due to misleading, ambiguous, inappropriate or poorly constructed communication between individuals. Communication errors have resulted in aviation accidents such as the double Boeing 747 disaster at Tenerife Airport in 1977.
 Reduced performance and error from an imbalanced authority relationship between aircraft captain and first officer. For instance, an autocratic captain and an overly submissive first officer may cause the first officer to fail to speak up when something is wrong, or alternatively the captain may fail to listen.

The SHELL Model does not consider interfaces that are outside the scope of human factors. For instance, the hardware-hardware, hardware-environment and hardware-software interfaces are not considered as these interfaces do not involve the liveware component.

Aviation System Stability

Any change within the aviation SHELL system can have far-reaching repercussions. For example, a minor equipment change (hardware) requires an assessment of the impact of the change on operations and maintenance personnel (Liveware-Hardware) and the possibility of the need for alterations to procedures/training programmes (to optimise Liveware-Software interactions). Unless all potential effects of a change in the aviation system are properly addressed, it is possible that even a small system modification may produce undesirable consequences. Similarly, the aviation system must be continually reviewed to adjust for changes at the Liveware-Environment interface.

Uses

 **Safety analysis tool**: The SHELL model can be used as a framework for collecting data about human performance and contributory component mismatches during aviation incident/accident analysis or investigation as recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Similarly, the SHELL model can be used to understand systemic human factors relationships during operational audits with the aim of reducing error, enhancing safety and improving processes For example, LOSA (Line Operations Safety Audit) is founded on Threat and error management (TEM) that considers SHELL interfaces. For instance, aircraft handling errors involve liveware-hardware interactions, procedural errors involve liveware-software interactions and communication errors involve liveware-liveware interactions.
 **Licensing tool**: The SHELL model can be used to help clarify human performance needs, capabilities and limitations thereby enabling competencies to be defined from a safety management perspective.
 **Training tool**: The SHELL model can be used to help an aviation organisation improve training interventions and the effectiveness of organisation safeguards against error.

References

External links
AviationKnowledge - Shell Model Interface Errors This AviationKnowledge page provides examples of aviation accidents where errors or mismatches at SHELL interfaces have either contributed to or caused accidents
AviationKnowledge - Shell Model Variants, You can also consult on two variants to the SHELL model:
SCHELL
SHELL-T.
AviationKnowledge - ICAO: Fundamental Human Factors Concepts  This AviationKnowledge page is a synopsis of ICAO's digest number 1 and provides a good background context for the SHELL Model. ICAO's digest number 1 is accessed as CAP 719: Fundamental Human Factors Concepts that includes further information and examples of SHELL Model components and interfaces within the aviation context
AviationKnowledge - ICAO: Ergonomics  This AviationKnowledge page is a synopsis of ICAO's digest number 6 and outlines information on ergonomics (the study of human-machine system design issues), human capabilities, hardware and flight deck design and the environment
AviationKnowledge - ICAO: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control** : This AviationKnowledge page is a synopsis of ICAO's digest number 8 and discusses aspects of the SHELL Model with respect to ATC
CAP 718: Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance and Inspection** : This Civil Aviation Authority Publication discusses aspects of the SHELL Model with respect to aircraft maintenance and inspection

Aviation safety

SHELL model


Quảng Lâm is an unclassified, poorly attested Austroasiatic language spoken in Quảng Lâm commune, Mường Nhé District, Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam. Nguyễn Văn Huy (1975) is the only published resource contain data of Quang Lam. The Ethnologue lists Quang Lam as an alternate name for Kháng.

Quang Lam speakers are officially classified as ethnic Khang people. Tạ (2021) refers the language as Kháng Quảng Lâm.

Classification
Nguyen (1975) speculates that Quang Lam may be closely related to Kháng (variously classified as either a Palaungic or Khmuic language), but this has yet to be verified. Data is scanty and presented only in Vietnamese orthography (Quốc Ngữ). Quang Lam speakers claim to not have an autonym, and simply call themselves "Brển Quảng Lâm." Their word for 'person, human' is p'xinh, which is also a name for Bit (Psing).

Phonology
Nguyen (1975:431) lists the following Quang Lam complex consonant onsets in Vietnamese orthography: s'n, p'x, p's, p'k', p'r, th'l, chơr, s'ch, s'i, k'r, k'ch, m'r, l'm, r'v, d'd, r'l.

See also
Quang Lam word list (Wiktionary)

References

Languages of Vietnam
Palaungic languages
Khmuic languages

Quang Lam language


Julius O'Riordan (born 26 October 1966), better known by his stage name Judge Jules, is a British dance music DJ, record producer and entertainment lawyer. He is known for his DJ activities, music production and long-running radio show which achieved global success. He was voted best DJ in the world by DJ Mag in 1995.

Education
O'Riordan was educated at Highgate Wood Secondary School, a state school in Highgate Wood in North London and at University College School, an independent school for boys in Hampstead (also in North London), followed by the London School of Economics (LSE), where he earned a degree in law. During his time at university, O'Riordan started hosting small parties where he was the DJ and earned the nickname "Judge Jules" due to his field of study.

DJ career and radio shows
O'Riordan became a professional DJ in 1987. As a young DJ he became known for his interpretation of beat at the Club Valentino venue in Colchester, Essex, drawing capacity attendance. He was quickly hired by the then-pirate radio station Kiss.

He began his show with Radio 1 in October 1997. When he first arrived, the show went out between 17:00 and 19:00 on Saturday evenings, ahead of Danny Rampling's show. From 31 July 2004, after the departure of Seb Fontaine from the station, his show was moved to 19:00 – 21:00 on Saturday nights, ahead of Tim Westwood. The show was advertised as "The UK's Saturday Warmup", or "The Weekend Warm-Up". The show kept this slot until September 2007.

During those years, his music policy ranged from playing commercial to underground tracks, and much in between. The first segment of the show was taken by the Cut-Up Boys, who did a five or ten-minute mix featuring several dance tracks and a cappella tracks playing simultaneously. The rest of the first hour was generally taken up by house music and the second hour featured trance music, although if they were broadcasting the show outside the studio, the music might vary.

In September 2007, the show was moved to 01:00 – 03:00 on Saturday mornings. Because of his DJ commitments on Friday evenings, it was now pre-recorded instead of being broadcast live. From September 2008, the show was moved forward to 23:00 – 01:00 on Friday evening. The reason for the move was the departure of Dave Pearce, whose Dance Anthems show was moved to BBC Radio 6 Music. His show attracted a wide audience from around the world due to Radio 1's online presence and the Sirius Satellite Radio network in the United States and Canada. Through the radio show, he was responsible for launching many popular trance tunes and acts in the UK, and was a pioneer for commercial contemporary dance music. Many people send their unreleased tracks to him: according to his own website, during the time when his show was being produced, he received between 250 and 300 promos per week. His Radio 1 show was produced by independent production company Somethin' Else.

O'Riordan was also a substitute presenter for the long-running Radio 1 weekend show The Essential Mix, which included hosting the Benga mix in 2008. He presented his last show on Radio 1 on 30 March 2012.

He also has an internationally syndicated radio show called "The Global Warm Up" (also produced by Somethin' Else) which can be heard across the US, Russia, Europe (including RTÉ 2fm) and the Middle East or via podcast. As of May 2019, there have been 792 episodes of the Global Warm Up.

Alongside his full-time job as an entertainment lawyer, in 2019, O'Riordan still tours frequently as a DJ and continues to play at notable venues such as Zero Gravity Dubai and Ministry of Sound, and at events such as Luminosity Beach Festival, Creamfields and Dreamstate USA.

Judge Jules: Live
In March 2019, O'Riordan announced his 'Judge Jules: Live' project which features O'Riordan playing dance classics alongside a 10-piece jazz band and two vocalists. The show debuted at The Plug in Sheffield on Saturday 22 March, with four further dates announced in London, Manchester, Birmingham and Bristol. The live project differs heavily from other comparable shows because the tracks are all re-written for the band to play from the ground up in a different style, specifically for this show.

Journalism
O'Riordan was a contributor to the UK-based black music magazine Soul Underground between 1988 and 1990. He contributed both as 'Judge Jules' and as 'The Dark Knight', using the anonymity of this identity to provide inside information on the music scene.

Legal work
O'Riordan was an Associate in the Music Group at the law firm Sheridans from 2012 to 2018. In March 2018, he joined Sound Advice LLP as an entertainment lawyer. Jules' legal expertise centres around the entertainment areas in which he has over 30 years experience.

In 2015, O'Riordan wrote a series of six articles for the 'Industry Insider' section of Mixmag which outlined basic legal advice for a number of music industry topics, including management, publishing and recording contracts.

Judgement Ibiza

O'Riordan had a regular club night in Ibiza that started out as Judgement Sundays at Eden night club; in 2013 this became Judgement Fridays. In 2014, Eden nightclub was rebranded "Gatecrasher" and Judgement Fridays moved over the road to Es Paradis and combined with the Fiesta del Agua (water party). In 2015, the "Gatecrasher" brand had disappeared from Eden and the nightclub was re-launched with a new logo; this also saw the return of O'Riordan's night, now branded "Judgement". Previously advertised as "San Antonio's busiest night" it was later advertised as "San Antonio's most legendary night". The night ran for most of the summer season, generally starting in June and running through mid September, and as well as DJing at this night he also promoted it.

In 2016, Judgement returned to Eden for its 16th season, taking place every Friday from June to September. In 2017, Judgement took a break from Ibiza, but O'Riordan still played at various events including Acid 88/89 at Sankeys Ibiza. Judgement returned to Ibiza in September 2018 for a one-off reunion show at Eden featuring Marco V alongside O'Riordan. In 2019 O'Riordan returned once again to Judgement for a one-off workers' reunion in October also at Eden, alongside Dermot C, Dirty Rotten DJs and Tristan Ingram and Vicky Devine.

Recorded works
O'Riordan's wife provided vocals for the group Angelic, consisting of O'Riordan and Darren Tate, which had two hits, "It's My Turn" in 2000 and "Can't Keep Me Silent" in 2001. In 2005, she appeared on the track "Without Love", which was by O'Riordan himself. This track was eventually released, with remixes, on the Maelstrom Records label in 2007. O'Riordan has also released two albums via this label, "Proven Worldwide" in 2006 and "Bring The Noise" in 2009. In 2012, O'Riordan signed with Paul Van Dyk's label VANDIT Records, releasing "The Attack" and "Give Me A Reason". Elsewhere, he has collaborated several times with Paul Masterson under the Hi-Gate name.

In 2016, O'Riordan launched his record label, Judgement Recordings. The label serves as an outlet for his own original productions, as well as a platform for O'Riordan to push new and upcoming talent. The first release was 'Burn in the Sun' with Richard Bedford in June 2016. In December 2016, the label released a remixed edition of Hi-Gate's 'Caned & Unable' and 'I Can Hear Voices'.

In August 2017, O'Riordan released an original Loopmasters sample pack called "Judge Jules – Essential Big Room House".

Involvement in 'Classical Dance' events
O'Riordan has been heavily involved in at least ten of the popular "classical" dance events, involving orchestras playing dance music. In March 2017, he helped curate the Club Class Classical show. In June 2017, he played at the Cream Classical show. He played at the Colours Classical events in September 2017 and March 2018. He played the Gatecrasher Classical events in October 2017, June 2018, August 2018 and February 2019. In January 2019, he played at and helped curate the Ministry of Sound Classical event.

TV appearances

O'Riordan appeared on the Richard & Judy chat show in 2003 with his counterpart Paul Masterson and singer/DJ Boy George, promoting their Hi-Gate album, on which Boy George made a cameo singing contribution.

O'Riordan appeared on the BBC's Top of the Pops show (2000) with Masterson, to perform the single "Pitchin'", from their album Hi-Gate. O'Riordan also appeared in a UK series called Superstar DJs, and a series called Ibiza Uncovered. He had his own short series Spin Cities on Play UK.

O'Riordan appeared on Channel Five's Fifth Gear in 2005 and 2009. In 2005 he was filmed while at the Global Gathering dance music festival where he was interviewed in a Bentley, and again by the same presenter in 2009 whilst being chauffeured in an Aston Marton to a gig in Bournemouth. He also appeared on Channel Five's The Gadget Show, reviewing DJ equipment including a remote handheld DJing device known as a "pacemaker".

In 2019 he appeared in Series 4 of the BBC's Celebrity MasterChef competition. He exited at the fourth round of the show.

Charity work
In 2009 O'Riordan started supporting the UK charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer, joining the Breakthrough Running Club as the club DJ. In 2022, O'Riordan played a show at The Pioneer Club in St Albans in aid of Herts Young Homeless.

Clothing range
In 2008 O'Riordan worked with designers to produce his own clothing range 'Heroes and Villains'.

Production aliases
 290 North
 Angelic
 Celine Diablo
 The Clergy
 Dattman
 Hi-Gate
 J&T Project
 Precocious Brats
 Restless Rockers
 Stix 'N' Stoned
 VPL
 Working Class magenta
 JJ
 Megadrone
 Yomanda

Discography

Albums
 2006 Proven Worldwide
 2009 Bring the Noise

Compilation albums
 1990 The 1990 MixMag /Kiss FM Mastermixes Track 1
 1993 Journeys By DJ Volume 2: In The Mix With Judge Jules
 1995 Essential Mix 3 Disc 2
 1995 A Retrospective of House 91'-95' Volume 1 Disc 2
 1995 A Retrospective of House 91'-95' Volume 2 Disc 1
 1995 Havin' It Dancefloor Classics Volume One
 1995 The Sperm Bank
 1995 Journeys By DJ Dance Wars Disc 1
 1996 Manifesto Records Monster Mix (With Luke Neville)
 1997 Ministry of Sound Classics
 1997 Ministry of Sound Dance Nation 3 Disc 2
 1997 Ministry Magazine  Presents Hooj Choons
 1998 Ministry of Sound Clubbers Guide To. .. Ibiza Disc 2
 1998 Ministry of Sound The Ibiza Annual Disc 1
 1998 Ministry Magazine Presents The Annual IV – Six Track Sampler
 1998 Ministry of Sound The Annual IV Disc 1
 1999 Ministry of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. Ninety Nine
 1999 Ministry of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. Ibiza – Summer Ninety Nine
 1999 Ministry of Sound The Ibiza Annual – Summer Ninety Nine Disc 1
 1999 Ministry of Sound The Annual – Millennium Edition Disc 1
 2000 Ministry of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. 2000
 2000 Ministry of Sound The Annual 2000 Disc 1
 2000 Ministry of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. Ibiza – Summer 2000
 2000 Ministry Magazine Presents Superstar DJs Judge Jules
 2000 Ministry of Sound The Ibiza Annual – Summer 2000 Disc 1
 2001 Clubbed
 2002 Clubbed 2002
 2002 Judge Jules Presents Tried & Tested
 2003 Judgement Sundays – Ibiza 2003
 2003 Ministry of Sound Trance Nation Anthems
 2003 Ministry of Sound Trance Nation Harder
 2004 Judgement Sundays 2004
 2004 Ministry of Sound Trance Nation Electric
 2004 The Very Best of Tried & Tested Euphoria
 2005 Judgement Euphoria
 2006 The Global Warm Up Mix CD
 2006 Ministry of Sound Judgement Sundays – The True Sound of Ibiza
 2007 Ministry of Sound Judgement Sundays 2007
 2007 Gatecrasher Immortal
 2007 Pacha Sharm, Ministry of Sound featuring Mohamed Ali Hussein aka DJ Moeali
 2008 Ministry of Sound Judgement Sundays – The Mix 2008
 2009 Gatecrasher's Trance Anthems 1993–2009
 2010 Judgement Sundays Presents Ibiza 2000–2010
 2013 The Gallery – 18 Years
 2015 Judge Jules' Trance Anthems
 2021 Ministry of Sound – 30 Years: Three Decades of Dance

Singles
 2019 Judge Jules – Won't You Listen – Which Bottle
 2019 Judge Jules – Echoes of Silence – Euphonic Recordings
 2018 Judge Jules – House of Love – Sirup Recordings
 2018 Judge Jules – Erotica – MPS / Coldharbour Recordings
 2018 Judge Jules – Oscuro – Which Bottle Recordings
 2018 Judge Jules – Never The Same – Moon Recordings
 2017 Judge Jules feat Cynthia Hall – The Twilight – Sirup Recordings
 2017 Judge Jules – Dimensions – MPS Recordings
 2017 Judge Jules – Te Quiero – Sirup Recordings
 2017 Max Freegrant – Sometimes We Need To Forget – Judge Jules Remix – Freegrant Recordings
 2016 Judge Jules & Richard Bedford – Burn in the Sun – Judgement Recordings
 2016 Judge Jules – Scream – Judgement Recordings
 2016 Judge Jules – Eat You Up – 000 Recordings
 2016 Judge Jules – Turn on the Lights – Coldharbour
 2014 Judge Jules – Monte Carlo
 2013 Judge Jules – The Verdict
 2013 Judge Jules – Collide
 2013 Judge Jules – Phenomenology
 2012 Judge Jules – Give me a Reason – Vandit
 2011 Judge Jules – City Nights
 2011 Judge Jules – The Greater Good
 2011 Judge Jules – The Attack
 2010 Judge Jules – Verano Loco
 2010 Judge Jules – Hold On
 2008 Judge Jules – Judgement Theme – Maelstrom Records
 2007 Judge Jules – What's in Ur Head
 2007 Judge Jules – Laid Bare – Maelstrom Records
 2007 Judge Jules & BK – Sickness
 2006 Judge Jules & BK – Rumble / I Don't Know – Riot! Recordings
 2006 Judge Jules – Without Love – Maelstrom Records
 2006 Judge Jules – Ordinary Day – Maelstrom Records
 2006 Judge Jules – Three Drives / Judge Jules vs. Michael Woods – Greece 2000 / So Special – SPG Music Productions Ltd.
 2005 Michael Woods & JJ* feat Marcella Woods – So Special – three8 recordings
 2005 Flowmasters – Let It Take Control (Judge Jules Remix) – XL recordings
 2005 Judge Jules & BK – Seizure – Riot! Recordings
 2005 DuMonde Vs. Judge Jules – What's in Your Head – Fate Recordings
 1998 Sonique – I Put A Spell on You (Judge Jules Club Dub)
 1996 Judge Jules & John Kelly Present Stix 'N' Stoned – Outrageous – Positiva
 1996 Judge Jules – Outrageous
 1991 Judge Jules – My Head Keeps Spinning Round

Accolades

1995
 Voted the No1 DJ in the World by DJ Magazine in 1995.

1998
 Voted number three in the "Top 150 DJs in the World" by DJ Magazine.

1999
 Voted "Best DJ" at the Muzik Awards.
 Voted number one in the "Mixmag Readers' Poll".
 Won "Best DJ" and "Best Radio DJ" at the Ministry Awards.
 Won "Best International DJ" the "Smirnoff Dance Awards" in Ireland.

2000
 Voted number six in the "Top 100 DJs in the World" by DJ Magazine.
 Won "Best Radio DJ" at the Smirnoff Dance Star Awards.
 Won "Best International DJ" at the BBM Awards.

2001
 For the second year running, won "Best Radio DJ" at the Smirnoff Dance Star Awards.
 For the second year running, won "Best International DJ" at the BBM Awards.
 Won "Best Trance DJ" at the DJ Awards.

2006
 Winner of 'Best Ibiza Trance DJ' Award at the M8 Ibiza Dance Awards on 2 September 2006 in Eden (nightclub), Ibiza

DJ Magazine Top 100 DJs

Personal life
He has lived in North London for the majority of his life, now settled in the Hampstead area with his wife Amanda, their son Jake and daughter Phoebe. Jules has a villa in Ibiza and during the summer months he and his family split their time between there and North London.  His father, Shaun O'Riordan, starred as Eddie Larkin in the sitcom The Larkins, which aired on British television between 1958 and 1960. Jules is the nephew of celebrity chef Rick Stein. His wife, Amanda, is the cousin of techno DJ Tommy Four Seven.

His net worth was estimated to be US$42 million as of 2023, making him one of the Top 30 highest net worth DJ/producers in the world.

References

External links

 JudgeJulesArchive.co.uk – the complete Judge Jules tracklistings archive

1966 births
Living people
Club DJs
People from Ibiza
English radio DJs
English DJs
DJs from London
English record producers
English dance musicians
English house musicians
English trance musicians
English expatriates in Spain
English people of Irish descent
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Place of birth missing (living people)
BBC Radio 1 presenters
Electronic dance music DJs

Judge Jules