Ignacio "Nacho" Gil de Pareja Vicent (born 9 September 1995) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for New England Revolution in Major League Soccer. Primarily deployed as an attacking midfielder, he can also play as a left winger.

Formed at Valencia, he made 22 La Liga appearances for them and for Las Palmas, while playing over 100 Segunda División games for three clubs.

Club career

Valencia
Born in Valencia, Gil joined hometown club Valencia CF's youth setup in 2002 at the age of seven. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 5 January 2014, starting in a 1–0 Segunda División B away loss against CE L'Hospitalet.

Gil was promoted to the B team ahead of the 2014–15 season, and scored his first senior goal on 7 December 2014 in a 1–0 away win over CF Reus Deportiu. He featured regularly for the side the following years, whilst being utilised as a forward during the 2016–17 campaign.

Gil had a loan move to Deportivo Alavés cancelled. He rejected an offer from Villarreal CF in August 2016, but submitted a transfer request to his parent club in January 2017, which was refused. Shortly after, he was called up to train with the main squad by manager Voro.

Gil made his first-team and La Liga debut on 25 February 2017, coming on as a late substitute for Mario Suárez in a 2–1 away defeat to Alavés. On 4 May, he renewed his contract until 2020.

On 25 January 2018, Gil was loaned to UD Las Palmas of the same league for six months. On 10 September, he moved to Segunda División's Elche CF also in a temporary deal.

Ponferradina
Gil terminated his contract with Valencia on 19 July 2019, and signed for second division team SD Ponferradina just hours later.

He played 35 matches in all competitions during his spell, scoring his only goal on 22 December 2019 in the 3–2 away victory against UD Almería.

Cartagena
On 18 August 2020, agreed to a two-year deal at FC Cartagena, newly promoted to the second tier. He scored once – in a 4–1 loss at Sporting de Gijón on 26 March 2022– also being sent off as a late substitute in a 1–0 away win over league leaders UD Almería on 2 January that year.

Gil was released at the end of his contract in June 2022, as the club declined an extension.

New England Revolution
On 18 August 2022, Gil joined New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. He made his debut on 10 September as a late substitute in a 2–1 loss at the New York Red Bulls.

Gil signed a new two-year deal on 5 January 2023, with a one-year option for 2025. He missed the first five months of the 2023 season due to a knee injury, returning to action on 26 July in the 5–1 away win over Atlético San Luis in the group stage of the Leagues Cup, replacing Noel Buck after 63 minutes.

Personal life
Gil's elder brother, Carles, is also a footballer and an attacking midfielder. He also came through at Valencia, and the pair were teammates at New England.

References

External links

Stats and bio at CiberChe

1995 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Valencia
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Valencia CF Mestalla footballers
Valencia CF players
UD Las Palmas players
Elche CF players
SD Ponferradina players
FC Cartagena footballers
Major League Soccer players
New England Revolution players
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in the United States

Nacho Gil


Alastair James Hay Murray (born 10 May 1968), more commonly known as Al Murray, is an English comedian, actor, musician and writer.

Murray was born in Buckinghamshire, where his father worked for British Rail. His paternal grandfather was the diplomat Ralph Murray, while his maternal grandfather was killed at the Battle of Dunkirk.

After graduating from the University of Oxford, his comedy career began by working with Harry Hill for BBC Radio 4. He regularly performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, before launching his "Pub Landlord" persona (which he describes as a "know-all know-nothing blowhard who knows the answer to every question even though he hasn't been asked any of them"). This led to the Sky One sitcom Time Gentlemen Please and the chat show Al Murray's Happy Hour for ITV.

In 2003, he was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy, and in 2007 he was voted the 16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups. He continues to perform as a stand-up and is a regular on British TV and radio.

Early life and family background
Murray was born in Stewkley, Buckinghamshire, the only son of a lieutenant colonel in 131 (Parachute) Regiment, Royal Engineers. A descendant of the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, his grandfather was the former British ambassador Sir Ralph Murray, from the Scottish aristocracy and married into the Kuenberg family, Imperial Counts of the Holy Roman Empire.

His patrilineal great-great-grandfather, George Murray, was Bishop of Rochester, while Sir Edward Leigh MP is his third cousin..

Murray was educated at Bedford School, and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he read Modern History. He later said of his time at school: "When I was nine I was sent to boarding school, which I despised. The first five years were hideous because I wanted to be at home. I guess I resented my parents a little and it put tons of distance between us. One of the things I took from boarding school is that it made me emotionally self-sufficient."

At Oxford, Murray performed in the comedy group the Oxford Revue, in a show directed by Stewart Lee.

Career
Having started out by touring with comedians such as Harry Hill and Frank Skinner, Murray won the Perrier Award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1999, after being nominated in 1996, 1997 and 1998. He started out with an act that involved sound-effect impressions, including guns, animals and a car boot. He made his first TV appearance on Channel 4's The Word in November 1991. With this act, he supported Jim Tavaré in Leeds in winter 1992.

In 1994–95, he was the drummer in the band Evangelista, the house band at Stewart Lee and Simon Munnery's experimental Cluub Zarathustra in London. Film maker Martin Pickles made a short film about the band in 2002. At this time the lead singer Reid said of Murray: "He's still not a household name, but anyone who's into comedy knows who Al Murray is".

The Pub Landlord
Murray's principal character in performance is an English publican with conservative values and an animosity towards Germans and the French; he challenges audience members to name any country before producing some plausible instance of Britain bettering it. The character has a great love of the British 1970s rock band Queen, often getting musician(s) on his show to perform one of Queen's tunes in their own style.

The character first appeared in 1994 during the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, in the show "Pub Internationale", with Harry Hill and Matthew Bradstock-Smith (who played "Little Alan" as well as the keyboards in Hill's Edinburgh, radio and TV shows). The show featured the "Pub Band", with Murray playing the drums and compering. After trying out a character deemed not to have worked, at the opening show Murray suggested saying that the compere had not made it to the show and that the barman in the venue, the Pleasance Cabaret Bar, had offered to fill in. At the Edinburgh Festival, Murray came up with "The Pub Landlord".

Murray made his first television appearances on Harry Hill in 1997 playing Harry's big brother Alan ("If it's too hard, I can't understand it!"), and subsequently featured in a short film, Pub Fiction. He made a brief appearance as the Pub Landlord in Series 2, Episode 6 of Lee and Herring's This Morning with Richard Not Judy. Murray's Pub Landlord theatre show, My Gaff, My Rules was short-listed for an Olivier Award in 2002.

The Pub Landlord is the central character in the television series Time Gentlemen Please. He has made many other television appearances, including the An Audience with... strand. He hosted three series of Al Murray's Happy Hour in a peak Saturday evening time slot for ITV in 2007–08.

Theatre tours have included ...And a Glass of White Wine for the Lady (another catchphrase) and Giving it Both Barrels.

The Pub Landlord has hosted television programmes including Fact Hunt, named after the fictional quiz machine of the same name from Time Gentlemen Please. In addition, the character has ghost written four books: The Pub Landlord's Book of British Common Sense, The Pub Landlord's Think Yourself British, The Pub Landlord's Great British Quiz Book and Let's Re-Great Britain.

Other work
Murray has an interest in music and is a semi-professional drummer. As a teenager, he played in the big band at Bedford School, and also played percussion in the Bedfordshire County Youth Orchestra. He plays drums for the rock covers band T-34 and appeared at the Download Festival in 2010, returning once again in 2011. Murray is a fan of the progressive rock bands Genesis, King Crimson and Yes. He appeared in the documentary Genesis: Together and Apart, and was announced as the host of the 2019 Progressive Music Awards for Prog magazine.

Murray played in the Hampshire located Folk Rock band: Bemis "Folk Rock That Breathes New life into The Spirit of Woodstock"

In 2013, Murray guest-starred in series 5 of children's show Horrible Histories.

Murray presented Al Murray's Road to Berlin on the Discovery Channel. This was a series about the last phase of the Second World War, taking him from the beaches of Normandy, through Arnhem and up the Rhine, ending in Berlin. He drove around in a restored Willys jeep, and interviewed survivors from both sides of the war. In the episode about Operation Market Garden he parachuted, together with veterans, from an aircraft, to commemorate the battle.

Murray starred in Al Murray's Multiple Personality Disorder, a sketch show, which aired in early 2009. In late 2010, Murray made a documentary on German culture for BBC Four Al Murray's German Adventure in which he presented a different side of the German nation from the one portrayed by "The Pub Landlord" character.

Murray invented his own potato crisps – branded "Steak and Al Pie" – as entered in a "crisp competition" hosted by Gary Lineker, used to raise money for Comic Relief. The other flavours were "Jimmy Con Carne" (Jimmy Carr), "Stephen Fry-Up" (Stephen Fry) and "Frank Roast Dinner" (Frank Skinner). The winner was Stephen Fry-up at 27%, with Al's in 2nd with 25%. The other two got 24% each.

In April 2016, Murray played Nick Bottom in Shakespeare Live, a celebration of 400 years of Shakespeare, opposite Judi Dench as Titania. In 2018 he starred in pantomime at the New Wimbledon Theatre, as Jack's brother Al, in Jack and the Beanstalk, winning 'Best Newcomer' for this role, at the Great British Pantomime Awards in April 2018. In 2016, Murray appeared in Taskmaster series 3. He finished third overall.

In October 2018, Murray fronted the History channel TV series Al Murray: Why Does Everyone Hate The English, appearing both as Al Murray and his alter-ego The Pub Landlord. The series looks at the historical rivalries between England and its closest neighbours and features comedians Antoine de Caunes, Elis James, Andrew Maxwell, Fred MacAulay and Henning Wehn representing their respective nations.

In 2019, Murray starred as his own ancestor William Makepeace Thackeray in a three-part BBC Radio 4 adaptation of Vanity Fair by Jim Poyser, with additional material by himself.

In April 2019, Murray started a podcast with historian James Holland called 'We Have Ways of Making You Talk', where they discuss battles and campaigns of World War II. Over 700 episodes have been released, including interviews with veterans and other historians, as well as Murray's narration of the book, 'The Cauldron' by Zeno.

In October 2021, Murray presented the Sky History programme Why Do the Brits Win Every War? In each episode, Murray was joined by a different guest in examining conflicts against the Romans, Vikings, Scottish, French, Americans, and Germans. The programme features Bruno Tonioli, John Thomson, Sanjeev Kohli, Reginald D. Hunter, and Henning Wehn.

In 2023, Murray co-wrote with Matt Forde and Sean Foley and is a voiceover artist Idiots Assemble: Spitting Image The Musical based on the TV series Spitting Image, which premiered at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in February, before transferring to London's West End at the Phoenix Theatre in May for 13 weeks.

Murray played the part of King Charles II in The Crown Jewels, a humorous play written by screenwriter Simon Nye and performed at the Garrick Theatre in London in 2023, about Colonel Blood's theft of the Crown Jewels in 1671.  The part of Blood was played by Aidan McArdle, and the cast also included Neil Morrissey and Mel Giedroyc.

Parliamentary candidacy
On 14 January 2015, Murray announced his formation of the "Free United Kingdom Party" (FUKP) and declared his candidacy, deploying his Pub Landlord persona, for the seat of South Thanet running against UKIP leader Nigel Farage, as parliamentary candidate in the 2015 general election. Murray's agent, Dan Lloyd, told the BBC: "it's definitely happening". The party's logo is an upside-down pound sign, not dissimilar to UKIP's purple and gold pound sign. Murray said: "it seems to me that the UK is ready for a bloke waving a pint around, offering common sense solutions", adding: "let it be known that like many of the parliamentary hopefuls in the forthcoming election, I have no idea where South Thanet is – but did that stop Margaret Thatcher from saving the Falkland Islands? No!"

Farage appeared to welcome his new opponent on Twitter, saying "the more, the merrier", and a spokesperson for the UKIP MEP said: "at last, serious competition in the constituency". The Conservative candidate, Craig Mackinlay, said he enjoyed Murray's video and his proclamations but was not worried that the comedian would split the anti-UKIP vote. Finally, the Labour candidate, Will Scobie, insisted it was "always good to have people putting their names forward to stand" and that Murray would "certainly make things interesting". When nominations for South Thanet were released on 9 April 2015, it was confirmed that Murray would appear on the ballot paper with no description, rather than his FUKP name and emblem.

The results of the election were announced on 8 May, revealing that Murray received 318 votes. When it was announced that Farage had failed to get elected, coming second in the poll to the Conservative candidate Craig Mackinlay, Murray's reaction – feigning shock and clapping on stage – garnered widespread media attention. Speaking to the media during the vote count, Murray invited Farage to a drink in his pub to drown his sorrow at losing.

Political views and activism

Murray, together with Stephen Fry, supported Paul Chambers's High Court appeals after Chambers had been arrested for contravening the Communications Act 2003 when a joke tweet was regarded by police as "menacing" and a terrorist threat. An appeal against Chambers's conviction was successful.

In August 2014, Murray was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.

Personal life
Murray married Amber Hargreaves in 2002. The couple, who have two daughters, separated in 2008. He now resides in Chiswick.

Murray is a keen cricket fan, and was invited to attend a farewell lunch for the England cricket team before their departure for the 2013–14 Ashes series.

Murray was awarded an honorary degree (Hon MA) by the University of Bedfordshire in 2014, and an honorary Doctor of Social Science (PhD) by the University of Wolverhampton in 2017.

Stand-up Tours

Stand-up Releases

Books

References

External links

 7 Day Saturday
 Al Murray on Planet Rock
 Chortle page (including forthcoming dates)
 www.comicrelief.com

Living people
1968 births
21st-century British screenwriters
21st-century English comedians
Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford
British male comedy actors
British male television writers
British people of Austrian descent
British political candidates
British political party founders
British radio personalities
British television personalities
Al
English male comedians
English male television actors
English people of Scottish descent
English stand-up comedians
English television writers
Direct democracy activists
Independent politicians in England
Male actors from Buckinghamshire
Male actors from London
People educated at Bedford School
People from Aylesbury Vale
Virgin Radio (UK)

Al Murray


My Italian Secret: The Forgotten Heroes is a 2014 documentary film, directed and written by Oren Jacoby, that tells the story of the rescue of thousands of Italian Jews during World War II by ordinary and prominent Italians, including the champion cyclist Gino Bartali. The film had its U.S. premiere at the Hamptons International Film Festival in October 2014, and opened at theaters in Los Angeles and New York in March 2015.

Synopsis

The film tells its story by relating the accounts of Jewish survivors "who return to Italy in their late adulthood to revisit the scenes of their worst nightmares: hidden in terror, fleeing in desperation, separated from loved ones, saying final goodbyes without knowing they were final."

The film, narrated by Isabella Rossellini, includes dramatic reenactments in addition to interviews with survivors and relatives of the rescuers. It describes how many Italians, including Roman Catholic priests, risked their lives to hide Jews from Nazi troops after the German occupation of Italy in 1943. Among them was Bartali, whose words are spoken in a voiceover by actor Robert Loggia.

Bartali is shown in archival footage and reenactments, and his son Andrea is interviewed. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini viewed the champion cyclist as a paragon of Fascist values, who proved Italians were part of the "master race." But Bartali rejected Fascism and opposed its anti-Semitic policies. During the war,  he traveled throughout Italy on his bicycle while pretending to train for competitions, delivering documents for hidden Jews. He did so at the behest of Elia Dalla Costa, the Archbishop of Florence where he lived. Bartali never spoke of his wartime exploits after the war, not even to his family, and only did so late in life. Bartali risked his own life and the life of his family by his activities.  In 2013, Bartali was recognized as a "Righteous Among the Nations" by Yad Vashem for his efforts to aid Jews during World War II.

The film features an interview with Giorgio Goldenberg, whose family was hidden by Bartali during the war. It also describes the heroism of Dr. Giovanni Borromeo, administrator of the Catholic Fatebenefratelli Hospital on Tiber Island in Rome, who established a special ward to hide Jews. He said that the patients in the ward were suffering from a fatal and contagious disease, to discourage entry by Nazi troops.

Among the survivors profiled in the film is a woman named Charlotte Hauptman, now in her eighties, who as a child had been rescued from the Nazis along with her parents in Calabria, Venice, and then Marche, where an entire village conspired to harbor them despite the dangers posed by German troops.

About 80 percent of the Jews in Italy survived during World War II because of Italian rescuers, and Bartali alone rescued hundreds if not thousands of Jews and anti-Fascist partisans.

Critical response

The Hollywood Reporter called the film "uplifting as it is moving" and a "valuable addition to the ever-growing canon of Holocaust-themed documentaries," but said that it was marred by its "de rigueur dramatic reenactments.". The Los Angeles Times said it was "compelling if unsuitably titled" and that the "carefully crafted film deftly blends archival footage with dramatic re-creations and interviews with surviving family members to illuminating effect." The reviewer said that Loggia's rendition of Bartali's words was "distractingly delivered" and that "it would have been more effective to simply let his heroic actions speak for themselves."

The New York Times said that the film "unfolds in a somewhat standard testimonial documentary format," and called the soundtrack "heavy-handed." The reviewer said Jacoby "doesn't give 'My Italian Secret' much structural or chronological organization," and said that its "anecdotal presentation sometimes seems more suited for museum browsing than for viewing in a theater." A columnist for The Jewish Daily Forward said the film suffered from lack of focus as it alternated between Bartali's story and other stories of rescue and betrayal, but said the film "retrieves pieces of the fragile past, revives the honor of a great many brave Jewish and Gentile Italians, and restores to one athletic Italian hero his eternal moral achievement."

See also
 History of the Jews in Italy

References

External links

 Official website
 Gino Bartali Memorial at the Yad Vashem website

Documentary films about the Holocaust
2014 documentary films
2014 films
American documentary films
The Holocaust in Italy
Films directed by Oren Jacoby
Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust
2010s American films

My Italian Secret: The Forgotten Heroes


The Association of Muslim Schools (AMS) is a global network of Muslim faith-based educational institutes.

The Association supports and develops full-time Muslim Schools. The Association facilitates:
Educator development workshops
Inter-school events
Olympiads
Conferences
among its member schools.

AMS is a nationally recognized organization within the independent schooling structure in the countries in which it exists. The organizations also serves on the regional and national educational structures as well as a voice within the media.

AMS (South Africa)

AMS-SA was formed in March 1989, at Al Falaah College, known as Lockhat Islamia College at the time. The primary members of the association were: Habibiya Islamic College, Lockhat Islamia College, Roshnee Muslim School, As-Salaam, Lenasia Muslim School and Nur-ul-Islam School. The association was formally launched on 13 May 1989 during the first AMS conference at Lenasia Muslim School. AMS was mandated to facilitate the following:
Administrative collaboration
Educator development workshops
Evaluation/moderation of final examination papers
Inter-school sports
Subject-based workshops
A community outreach programme
AMS-SA has grown steadily over the years. The Annual General Meeting and Teachers' Conference has attracted many prominent personalities from the educational field over the years. The Association further has a Managers' Conference and a Principals' Forum that engage at a regular basis. Currently, the Association consists of 68 schools nationally. It is further recognized by and regularly engages with the national and provincial educational departments, South African Council for Teachers (SACE), Umalusi (National accreditation body for independent schools), Sector Education and Training Authority (SETA).

AMS (United Kingdom)

AMS-UK was established in 1992 to support and develop excellence in full-time Muslim schools in the UK. There are now over 130 full-time Muslim schools in the UK covering nursery, primary, secondary and further education.

Other Chapters
Association of Muslim Schools (Canada)
Association of Muslim Schools (South Africa)

References

External links
Association of Muslim Schools (South Africa)
Association of Muslim Schools (UK)
Al-Aqsa School Al-Aqsa School (South Africa)

Islamic schools
Islamic education

Association of Muslim Schools


Haganah ( , ) was the main Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the British Mandate for Palestine. It was founded in 1920 to defend the Yishuv's presence in the region, and was formally disbanded in 1948, when it became the core force integrated into the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

Formed out of previous existing militias, Haganah's original purpose was to defend Jewish settlements against Arab attacks; this was the case during the 1920 Nebi Musa riots, the 1921 Jaffa riots, the 1929 Palestine riots, the 1936 Jaffa riots, and the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, among others. The paramilitary was under the control of the Jewish Agency, the official governmental body in charge of Palestine's Jewish community during the British era. Until the end of World War II, Haganah's activities were moderate, in accordance with the strategic policy of havlagah (), which caused the breakaway of the more radical paramilitaries: Irgun and Lehi. Haganah militants received clandestine military support from Poland and sought cooperation with the United Kingdom in the event of an Axis-led invasion of Palestine through North Africa, prompting the creation of the Palmach, their elite fighting force, in 1941.

Following the end of World War II, the British refused to lift the restrictions on Jewish immigration that they had imposed with the 1939 White Paper. This resulted in Haganah leading a Jewish insurgency against the British authorities in Palestine; the campaign included the paramilitaries' bombing of bridges, railways, and ships used to deport illegal Jewish immigrants, as well as assisting in bringing more diaspora Jews to Palestine in defiance of British policies. After the adoption of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947, Haganah came into the open as the biggest fighting force among the Palestinian Jews, successfully overcoming Arab militias during the Palestinian Civil War. Shortly after the beginning of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Haganah was merged with other paramilitary groups and reorganized into the official military force of the State of Israel.

History

Overview

The evolution of Jewish defense organizations in Palestine and later Israel went from small self-defense groups active during Ottoman rule, to ever larger and more sophisticated ones during the British Mandate, leading through the Haganah to the national army of Israel, the IDF. The evolution went step by step from Bar-Giora, to Hashomer, to Haganah, to IDF.

The Jewish paramilitary organizations in the New Yishuv (the Zionist enterprise in Palestine) started with the Second Aliyah (1904 to 1914). The first such organization was Bar-Giora, founded in September 1907. It consisted of a small group of Jewish immigrants who guarded settlements for an annual fee. It was converted to Hashomer (; "The Watchman") in April 1909, which operated until the British Mandate of Palestine came into being in 1920. Hashomer was an elitist organization which never had more than 100 members.  During World War I, the forerunners of the Haganah/IDF were the Zion Mule Corps and the Jewish Legion, both of which were part of the British Army. After the Arab riots against Jews in April 1920, the Yishuv's leadership saw the need to create a nationwide underground defense organization, and the Haganah was founded in June of the same year. The Haganah became a full-scale defense force after the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine with an organized structure, consisting of three main units—the Field Corps, Guard Corps, and the Palmach strike force. During World War II the successor to the Jewish Legion of World War I was the Jewish Brigade, which was joined by many Haganah fighters. During the 1947–48 civil war between the Arab and Jewish communities in what was still Mandatory Palestine, a reorganized Haganah managed to defend or wrestle most of the territory it was ordered to hold or capture. At the beginning of the ensuing 1948–49 full-scale conventional war against regular Arab armies, the Haganah was reorganized to become the core of the new Israel Defense Forces.

1920 Palestine riots and 1921 Jaffa riots
After the 1920 Arab riots and 1921 Jaffa riots, the Jewish leadership in Palestine believed that the British, to whom the League of Nations had given a mandate over Palestine in 1920, had no desire to confront local Arab gangs that frequently attacked Palestinian Jews. Believing that they could not rely on the British administration for protection from these gangs, the Jewish leadership created the Haganah to protect Jewish farms and kibbutzim. The first head of the Haganah was a 28-year-old named Yosef Hecht, a veteran of the Jewish Legion. In addition to guarding Jewish communities, the role of the Haganah was to warn the residents of and repel attacks by Palestinian Arabs. In the period between 1920 and 1929, the Haganah lacked a strong central authority or coordination. Haganah "units" were very localized and poorly armed: they consisted mainly of Jewish farmers who took turns guarding their farms or their kibbutzim.

Following the 1929 Palestine riots, the Haganah's role changed dramatically. It became a much larger organization encompassing nearly all the youth and adults in the Jewish settlements, as well as thousands of members from the cities. It also acquired foreign arms and began to develop workshops to create hand grenades and simple military equipment, transforming from an untrained militia to a capable underground army.

1931 Irgun split
Many Haganah fighters objected to the official policy of havlagah (restraint) that Jewish political leaders (who had become increasingly controlling of the Haganah) had imposed on the militia. Fighters had been instructed to only defend communities and not initiate counterattacks against Arab gangs or their communities. This policy appeared defeatist to many who believed that the best defense is a good offense. In 1931, the more militant elements of the Haganah splintered off and formed the Irgun Tsva'i-Leumi (National Military Organization), better known as "Irgun" (or by its Hebrew acronym, pronounced "Etzel").

1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, the Haganah worked to protect British interests and to quell Arab rebellion using the FOSH, and then Hish units. At that time, the Haganah fielded 10,000 mobilized men along with 40,000 reservists. Although the British administration did not officially recognize the Haganah, the British security forces cooperated with it by forming the Jewish Settlement Police, Jewish Supernumerary Police and Special Night Squads, which were trained and led by Colonel Orde Wingate. The battle experience gained during the training was useful in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Support from the Second Polish Republic
During the interwar period, as part of its policy of supporting a Jewish state in Palestine in order to facilitate mass Jewish emigration from its territory, the Second Polish Republic provided military training and weapons to Zionist paramilitary groups, including Haganah. Envoys from Haganah headed by Yehuda Arazi received dozens of shipments with military supplies, including 2750 Mauser rifles, 225 RKM machine guns, 10,000 hand grenades, two million bullets for rifles and machine guns, and a large number of pistols with ammunition. The British exerted heavy pressure on the Polish government to stop these deliveries. One of the last purchases of Arazi were two airplanes and two gliders. When he fled Poland to France, around 500 rifles were abandoned in a Warsaw warehouse. Members of the Haganah were also trained in a military camp in Rembertow along with Betar members between the years 1931 and 1937; it is estimated that training courses at the camp were attended by around 8,000 to 10,000 participants during their existence.

1939 White Paper
By 1939, the British had issued the White Paper, which severely restricted Jewish immigration to Palestine, deeply angering the Zionist leadership. David Ben-Gurion, then chairman of the Jewish Agency, set the policy for the Zionist relationship with the British: "We shall fight the war against Hitler as if there were no White Paper, and we shall fight the White Paper as if there were no war."

In reaction to the White Paper, the Haganah built up the Palmach as the Haganah's elite strike force and organized illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. Approximately 100,000 Jews were brought to Palestine in over one hundred ships during the final decade of what became known as Aliyah Bet. The Haganah also organized demonstrations against British immigration quotas.

Bombing of the SS Patria in Haifa

In 1940 the Haganah sabotaged the Patria, an ocean liner being used by the British to deport 1,800 Jews to Mauritius, with a bomb intended to cripple the ship. However the ship sank, killing 267 people and injuring 172.

World War II

In the first years of World War II, the British authorities asked Haganah for cooperation again, due to the fear of an Axis breakthrough in North Africa. After Rommel was defeated at El Alamein in 1942, the British stepped back from their all-out support for Haganah. In 1943, after a long series of requests and negotiations, the British Army announced the creation of the Jewish Brigade Group. While Palestinian Jews had been permitted to enlist in the British army since 1940, this was the first time an exclusively Jewish military unit served in the war under a Jewish flag. The Jewish Brigade Group consisted of 5,000 soldiers and was initially deployed with the 8th Army in North Africa and later in Italy in September 1944. The brigade was disbanded in 1946. All in all, some 30,000 Palestinian Jews served in the British army during the war.

On May 14, 1941, the Haganah created the Palmach (an acronym for Plugot Mahatz—strike companies), an elite commando section, in preparation against the possibility of a British withdrawal and Axis invasion of Palestine. Its members, young men and women, received specialist training in guerilla tactics and sabotage. During 1942 the British gave assistance in the training of Palmach volunteers but in early 1943 they withdrew their support and attempted to disarm them. The Palmach, then numbering over 1,000, continued as an underground organization with its members working half of each month as kibbutz volunteers, the rest of the month spent training. It was never large—by 1947 it amounted to merely five battalions (about 2,000 men)—but its members had not only received physical and military training, but also acquired leadership skills that would subsequently enable them to take up command positions in Israel's army.

"The Saison" post-assassination of Lord Moyne
In 1944, after the assassination of Lord Moyne (the British Minister of State for the Middle East), by members of the Lehi, the Haganah worked with the British to kidnap, interrogate, and in some cases, deport Irgun members. This action, which lasted from November 1944 to February 1945, was called the Saison, or the Hunting Season, and was directed against the Irgun and not the Lehi. Future Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek was later revealed to be a Jewish Agency liaison officer working with the British authorities who had passed on information that led to the arrest of many Irgun activists.

Many Jewish youth, who had joined the Haganah in order to defend the Jewish people, were greatly demoralized by operations against their own people. The Irgun, paralyzed by the Saison, were ordered by their commander, Menachem Begin, not to retaliate in an effort to avoid a full blown civil war. Although many Irgunists objected to these orders, they obeyed Begin and refrained from fighting back. The Saison eventually ended due to perceived British betrayal of the Yishuv becoming more obvious to the public and increased opposition from Haganah members.

Post–World War II

The Saison officially ended when the Haganah, Irgun and the Lehi formed the Jewish Resistance Movement, in 1945. Within this new framework, the three groups agreed to operate under a joint command. They had different functions, which served to drive the British out of Palestine and create a Jewish state.

The Haganah was less active in the Jewish Rebellion than the other two groups, but the Palmach did carry out anti-British operations, including a raid on the Atlit detainee camp that released 208 illegal immigrants, the Night of the Trains, the Night of the Bridges, and attacks on Palestine Police bases. The Haganah withdrew on 1 July 1946, but "remained permanently unco-operative" with the British authorities. It continued to organize illegal Jewish immigration as part of the Aliyah Bet program, in which ships carrying illegal immigrants attempted to breach the British blockade of Palestine and land illegal immigrants on the shore (most were intercepted by the Royal Navy), and the Palmach performed operations against the British to support the illegal immigration program. The Palmach repeatedly bombed British radar stations being used to track illegal immigrant ships, and sabotaged British ships being used to deport illegal immigrants, as well as two British landing and patrol craft. The Palmach performed a single assassination operation in which a British official who had been judged to be excessively cruel to Jewish prisoners was shot dead. The Haganah also organized the Birya affair. Following the expulsion of the residents of the Jewish settlement of Birya for illegal weapons possession, thousands of Jewish youth organized by the Haganah marched to the site and rebuilt the settlement. They were expelled by British shortly afterward while showing passive resistance, but after they returned a third time, the British backed off and allowed them to remain.

In addition to its operations, the Haganah continued to secretly prepare for a war with the Arabs once the British left by building up its arms and munitions stocks. It maintained a secret arms industry, with the most significant facility being an underground bullet factory underneath Ayalon, a kibbutz that had been established specifically to cover it up.

British estimates of the Haganah's strength at this time were a paper strength of 75,000 men and women with an effective strength of 30,000. After the British army, the Haganah was considered the most powerful military force in the Middle East.
Research by Amos Perlmutter estimated that the Haganah budget in 1946 was £400,000, and by October 1947 its budget had reached £3.3 million. The same source estimated that the membership of the Haganah was 7% of the Jewish population in Palestine.

In July 1947, eager to maintain order with the visit of UNSCOP to Palestine and under heavy pressure from the British authorities to resume collaboration, the Jewish Agency reluctantly came into brief conflict with the Irgun and Lehi, and ordered the Haganah to put a stop to the operations of the other two groups for the time being. As Palmach members refused to participate, a unit of about 200 men from regular Haganah units was mobilized, and foiled several operations against the British, including a potentially devastating attack on the British military headquarters at Citrus House in Tel Aviv, in which a Haganah member was killed by an Irgun bomb. The Haganah also joined the search for two British sergeants abducted by the Irgun as hostages against the death sentences of three Irgun members in what became known as the Sergeants' affair. The Jewish Agency leadership feared the damage this act would do to the Jewish cause, and also believed that holding the hostages would only jeopardize the fates of the three condemned Irgun members. The attempts to free the sergeants failed, and following the executions of the three Irgun members, the two sergeants were killed and hanged in a eucalyptus grove. However, the campaign soon disintegrated into a series of retaliatory abductions and beatings of each other's members by the Haganah and Irgun, and eventually petered out. The campaign was dubbed the "Little Season" by the Irgun.

Reorganization

After "having gotten the Jews of Palestine and of elsewhere to do everything that they could, personally and financially, to help Yishuv," Ben-Gurion's second greatest achievement was his having successfully transformed Haganah from being a clandestine paramilitary organization into a true army. Ben-Gurion appointed Israel Galili to the position of head of the High Command counsel of Haganah and divided Haganah into 6 infantry brigades, numbered 1 to 6, allotting a precise theatre of operation to each one. Yaakov Dori was named Chief of Staff, but it was Yigael Yadin who assumed the responsibility on the ground as chief of Operations. Palmach, commanded by Yigal Allon, was divided into 3 elite brigades, numbered 10–12, and constituted the mobile force of Haganah. Ben-Gurion's attempts to retain personal control over the newly formed IDF lead later in July to The Generals' Revolt.

On 19 November 1947, obligatory conscription was instituted for all men and women aged between 17 and 25. By end of March 21,000 people had been conscripted. On 30 March the call-up was extended to men and single women aged between 26 and 35. Five days later a General Mobilization order was issued for all men under 40.

"From November 1947, the Haganah, (...) began to change from a territorial militia into a regular army. (...) Few of the units had been well trained by December. (...) By March–April, it fielded still under-equipped battalion and brigades. By April–May, the Haganah was conducting brigade size offensive.

The brigades of the Haganah which merged into the IDF once this was created on 26 May 1948:

The northern Levanoni Brigade, located in the Galilee, was split on February 22, 1948 into the 1st and 2nd Brigades.
 The 1st or Golani Brigade – was deployed in the Lower Galilee
 The 2nd or Carmeli Brigade – was deployed in the north and took its name after its commander, Moshe Carmel
 The 3rd or Alexandroni Brigade – formed on December 1, 1947 and dismantled in the summer of 1949
 The 4th or Kiryati Brigade – formed in 1948 in the Tel Aviv area
 The 5th or Givati Brigade – formed in December 1947. During civil war the Givati Brigade was deployed in the central region, and during the conventional war in the south as the 5th Brigade
 The 6th or Etzioni or Jerusalem Brigade – headquartered in Netanya, it covered the area from Tel Aviv to Zichron Ya'akov
To the initial six brigades, three were added later during the war:
 The 7th Brigade, in Hebrew "Hativat Sheva" – formed in 1948, manned mainly with Holocaust survivors and including a number of Machal troops. Almost annihilated at Latrun, then re-formed in the north. It had tanks and mounted infantry.
 The 8th Brigade – founded on May 24, 1948, and subordinated to Yitzhak Sadeh as the IDF's first armoured brigade, headquartered near Jerusalem.
 The 9th or Oded Brigade – headquartered in Jerusalem.

The Palmach brigades which merged into the IDF:
 The 10th or Harel Brigade – established on 16 April 1948
 The 11th or Yiftach Brigade
 The 12th or Negev Brigade – established in March 1948

1948 Arab-Israeli War

After the British announced they would withdraw from Palestine, and the United Nations approved the partition of Palestine, the 1947-48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine broke out. The Haganah played the leading role in the Yishuv's war with the Palestinian Arabs. Initially, it concentrated on defending Jewish areas from Arab raids, but after the danger of British intervention subsided as the British withdrew, the Haganah went on the offensive and seized more territory. Following the Israeli Declaration of Independence and the start of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on May 15, 1948, the Haganah, now the army of the new state, engaged the invading armies of the surrounding Arab states.

On May 28, 1948, less than two weeks after the creation of the state of Israel on May 15, the provisional government created the Israel Defense Forces, merging the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi, although the other two groups continued to operate independently in Jerusalem and abroad for some time after. The reorganization led to several conflicts between Ben-Gurion and the Haganah leadership, including what was known as The Generals' Revolt and the dismantling of the Palmach.

Famous members of the Haganah included Yitzhak Rabin, Ariel Sharon, Rehavam Ze'evi, Dov Hoz, Moshe Dayan, Yigal Allon and Dr. Ruth Westheimer.

The Museum of Underground Prisoners in Jerusalem commemorates the activity of the underground groups in the pre-state period, recreating the everyday life of those imprisoned there.

Pal-Heib Unit for Bedouins
Some Bedouins had longstanding ties with nearby Jewish communities. They helped defend these communities in the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, some Bedouins of Tuba formed an alliance with the Haganah defending Jewish communities in the Upper Galilee against Syria. Some were part of a Pal-Heib unit of the Haganah. Sheik Hussein Mohammed Ali Abu Yussef of Tuba was quoted in 1948 as saying, "Is it not written in the Koran that the ties of neighbors are as dear as those of relations? Our friendship with the Jews goes back for many years. We felt we could trust them and they learned from us too".

See also
 Jewish Agency for Israel, the organization that governed Haganah
 Sherut Avir, the Haganah aerial service
 Palmach, the elite fighting force of Haganah
 Palavir, the Palmach aerial service
 Palyam, the Palmach naval service
 Irgun, a Zionist paramilitary that broke away from Haganah in 1931
 Lehi, a Zionist paramilitary that broke away from Irgun in 1940
 Eliyahu Golomb, the chief architect of Haganah

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Official Haganah website
 The Haganah, from the Jewish Virtual Library
 Lexicon of Zionism: Haganah (Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
 The Haganah: History of the Israeli Underground Defense force, by the ZIIC
 From Hashomer to the Israel Defense Forces Armed Jewish Defense in Palestine, by Me'ir Pa'il

Jewish Agency for Israel
National liberation movements
Resistance movements
History of Zionism
Jewish organizations in Mandatory Palestine
1920s in Mandatory Palestine
1930s in Mandatory Palestine
1940s in Israel
1940s in Mandatory Palestine
National liberation armies
Military units and formations established in 1921
1921 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Organizations disestablished in 1948
1948 disestablishments in Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine in World War II
Hebrew words and phrases

Haganah


Jay Murray Winter (born May 28, 1945) is an American historian. He is the Charles J. Stille Professor of History at Yale University, where he focuses his research on World War I and its impact on the 20th century. His other interests include remembrance of war in the 20th century, such as memorial and mourning sites, European population decline, the causes and institutions of war, British popular culture in the era of the First World War and the Armenian genocide of 1915. He is completing a biography of René Cassin.

He obtained his A.B. at Columbia and his Ph.D. at Cambridge. Winter is also affiliated with the Historial de la Grande Guerre in Peronne, France, a research center and museum of the First World War in European cultural history.

Winter is an influential scholar in the study of the First World War and its place in twentieth-century European history and culture.  His earlier work was largely that of social history, including The Great War and the British People (1986) focuses on the war's demographic impact on the British population.  In more recent works he has taken the approach of a cultural historian, most notably in Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning (1995) where he advocates a more transnational focus for studying the war and European culture. In this book, he analyzes the various ways the people of Germany, France and Great Britain mourned their losses during and after the war.

He has also co-authored and co-edited books on the First World War, including a survey of the war's historiography, The Great War in History:  Debates and Controversies, 1914 to the Present (with Antoine Prost, 2006) and The Great War and the Twentieth Century (with Geoffrey Parker and Mary Habeck, 2000). He is co-director of the project on Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin 1914-1919, which has produced two volumes.

Jay Winter was co-producer, co-writer and chief historian for the PBS series "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century," which won an Emmy Award, a Peabody Award and a Producers Guild of America Award for best television documentary in 1997.

At Yale, he teaches a lecture course entitled "Europe in the Age of Total War, 1914-1945," in which he argues that World War I, World War II, and the inter-war period, are better understood as one "European Civil War." He also teaches a seminar entitled "The First World War."

He also worked with American demographer Michael S. Teitelbaum on high levels of migration toward countries experiencing fairly low fertility rates (The Fear of Population Decline, 1986 and A Question of Numbers, 1998).

Works
Socialism and the Challenge of War: Ideas and Politics in Britain, 1912-18 (Routledge, 1974)
The Fear of Population Decline (with Michael S. Teitelbaum) (Academic Press, 1986)
The Great War and the British People (Harvard University Press, 1986)
The Experience of World War I (Macmillan, 1988)
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge University Press, 1995)
1914-1918: The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century (1996)
A Question of Numbers (with Michael S. Teitelbaum) (1998)
War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge University Press, 1999, editor)
America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 (Cambridge University Press, 2003, editor)
 editor with Antoine Prost. The Great War in history: debates and controversies, 1914 to the present (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Remembering War: The Great War between History and Memory in the 20th Century (Yale University Press, 2006)
Dreams of Peace and Freedom: Utopian Moments in the 20th Century (Yale University Press, 2008)
 editor. The Cambridge History of the First World War: Volume 1, Global War (Cambridge University Press, 2016)
War Beyond Words: Languages of Remembrance from the Great War to the Present (Cambridge University Press, 2017)
The Day the Great War Ended, 24 July 1923: The Civilianization of War (Oxford University Press, 2022}

References

Sources
 Oliver, Lizzie. "Jay Winter, War Beyond Words: Languages of Remembrance from the Great War to the Present." Journal of Contemporary History 55.2 (2020): 443-445.
 Winter, Jay. "Learning the Historian's Craft" (H-Diplo 13 November 2020) online autobiography

External links
Official page at Yale
Interview on PBS.org

1945 births
Living people
Yale University faculty
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Academic staff of the European University Institute
American military historians
American male non-fiction writers
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Historians of World War I

Jay Winter


Paritatodon is an extinct mammal which existed in Kyrgyzstan and England during the Jurassic period. It was originally the holotype specimen of Shuotherium kermacki, but Martin and Averianov (2010) argued that it resembled the genus Itatodon (Docodonta) and so renamed it Paritatodon.

Nonetheless, some recent phylogenetic studies assign it (and Itatodon) to Shuotheriidae, while others continue to consider the taxon a docodont.

Like many Mesozoic mammals, this species is only known from its teeth, in this case two lower molars from the Forest Marble Formation in England, and a single left lower molar from the Balabansai Formation in the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan.

References

Bathonian life
Callovian life
Middle Jurassic mammals of Asia
Fossils of Kyrgyzstan
Middle Jurassic mammals of Europe
Jurassic England
Fossils of England
Fossil taxa described in 2010
Taxa named by Thomas Martin (paleontologist)
Taxa named by Alexander O. Averianov
Prehistoric mammal genera

Paritatodon


This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Oxfordshire.

 William Fermor bef. 1544–1552
 John Williams, 1st Baron Williams of Thame bef. 1558–1559
 Sir Francis Knollys bef. 1562 – aft. 1584
 William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury bef. 1594–1632
 Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire 1632–1646
 Interregnum
 Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire 1660
 Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland 1660–1663
 Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon 1663–1689
 James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon 1689–1697

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire.

References

Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1544-1646
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1660-1828

Local government in Oxfordshire
Custos Rotulorum
Oxfordshire

Custos Rotulorum of Oxfordshire


Wain Wath Force is a waterfall on the River Swale in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, North Yorkshire, England. The falls are at grid reference ,  upstream from the hamlet of Keld which has three other waterfalls in its vicinity (Kisdon Force, East Gill Force, and Catrake Force). The names of waterfalls in the north of England often contain "force" after the Old Norse word foss, which means "waterfall".

Its name derives from the ford above the fall, wath being the Anglo-Saxon word for a ford. Wain may denote that it was passable for a cart or wain.

Wain Wath Force is not a substantial waterfall: it has a drop of only around 1.5 metres as the river flows beneath the limestone cliffs of Cotterby Scar. Despite its modest height it is popular with visitors; the Coast to Coast long-distance footpath passes the falls on the north bank of the River Swale while the main motor road up Upper Swaledale passes on the south bank.

References

Waterfalls of North Yorkshire
Swaledale

Wain Wath Force


La Macarena is a town and municipality in the Meta Department, located about 280 km (170 m) south of Bogotá, Colombia.

The town was included in the former El Caguan DMZ. Now, back in the control of Colombian Army and Police Force, the town is a growing Ecotourism destination, particularly for the five coloured river Caño Cristales considered one of the most beautiful in the world. La Macarena is served by La Macarena Airport.

Unidentified corpses and allegations of a mass grave
In January 2010, El Nuevo Herald reported that local villagers had announced the discovery of a mass grave allegedly containing almost 2,000 unidentified corpses in the La Macarena cemetery, apparently containing bodies that had been taken there by the Colombian Army and presented as guerrilla combat casualties. Villagers interviewed by the newspaper suspected that relatives who had previously disappeared during the last few years would have been buried at the site and denied that they were guerrillas. Colombian officials and prosecutors called for further inquiries into the matter. The Inspector General sent investigators into the area and the Attorney General's Office announced an additional probe.

In August 2010, Tribune Magazine reported that an international delegation made up of politicians, lawyers and labor unionists led by the UK-based Justice for Colombia NGO visited the site to take part in a public hearing. According to Justice for Colombia, locals provided reports and evidence of extrajudicial killings by the Colombian military. Colombian President Álvaro Uribe rejected the delegation's presence and accused its members of slandering the Colombian Army.

In September 2010, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights  visited the La Macarena site and confirmed 446 unidentified bodies that had been reported as guerrillas killed in combat since 2002 were buried in a graveyard but did not find signs of a mass grave nor of any clandestine burials. A report by UN officials called for the identification of the bodies and confirming whether or not human rights violations had been committed. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights expressed its concerns "about the lack of effective controls and adequate records regarding reports of people killed in combat, which raises questions about the circumstances surrounding their deaths." The Colombian Defense Ministry acknowledged the UN's findings and stated that it would support any subsequent investigations.

References

External links

Municipalities of Meta Department
Mass graves

La Macarena, Meta


Na Dohyang (, 30 March 1902 – 26 August 1927) was a Korean writer born in Seoul.

Biography
He graduated from Baejae School and entered Gyungsung National University School of Medicine. However he went to Japan aspiring to find fame in literature. This pursuit of learning about literature didn't last long, because he didn't have the money to support himself. He became a high school teacher in Andong, Gyeongsang-do.

He started his career as a writer publishing A Young Man's Life (젊은이의 시절). His famous works include The Water Wheel (물레방아), Mulberry (뽕), and Deaf Samryongi (벙어리 삼룡이).

Work
Na went by the art name Na Bin. His early works are sorrowful, romantic pieces: A Young Man's Life, Delight (환희). However his works changed from romanticism to realism: Haengnang Jasik <행랑 자식> and Before She Found Herself (자기를 찾기 전), in which he describes a man who overcomes difficulties by the strength of his will.
His works depict Korean farm villages and people, and life during the 1920s. His last novel criticized the society and reality of his time.

The Literature Translation Institute of Korea analyzes his work:

Na Dohyang's early works reveal romantic inclinations characteristic of an author who has yet to acquire a mature perspective. "Season of Youth" (Jeolmeuniui sijeol), his debut story, and "Do Not Cry Should You Embrace a Star" (Byeoreul angeodeun uljina malgeol) are full of emotional, dreamy sentimentalism, and have often been criticized for overabundance of modifiers. With the publication of "The Lady Barber" (Yeo-ibalsa, 1923), however, Na began to move away from the romantic vision to acquire a more objective perspective and realistic voice. "Samryong the Mute" (Beongeori samnyongi), one of his best-known works, gives a tragic account of an ugly, mute servant who falls in love with his beautiful, kind-hearted mistress. The servant's ill-fated love is akin to man's admiration and longing for ultimate beauty which cannot be attained. A naturalist as well as realist fiction in essence, the story also displays the author's growing awareness of the class issues and concern for those who belong to the lowest rung in the social strata. Though Na Dohyang never embraced proletarian literature movement, he continued to explore the grim reality of the abject poor in "Mulberry" (Ppong), a story of a woman who prostitutes herself to villagers in order to support herself. The theme receives a more pronounced treatment in The Watermill (Mullaebanga); a tenant-farmer, whose wife is seduced by the landowner, ends up murdering his wife and committing suicide. Although love continues to be a dominant subject matter in Na Dohyang's later works, it does not remain a mere romantic vision, but becomes a tool for investigating brutality nascent in human beings as well as the sexual corruption caused by unjust society.

Deaf Samryongi
Deaf Samryongi is considered one of the best newspaper serial stories of Korean literature. The novel has been adapted into a movie by Na Woon-gyu in 1929, and Shin Sang-ok in 1964. For his work in the 1964 The Deaf Samryongi, leading actor Kim Jin-kyu was awarded Best Actor in the 12th Asian Film Festival.

References

External links

Korean writers
Writers from Seoul
1902 births
1927 deaths
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in South Korea

Na Dohyang


Ronald William Atchison (April 21, 1930 – June 23, 2010) was a Canadian football defensive lineman who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders from 1952 through 1968. He was part of the Grey Cup championship-winning Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1966.  Atchison was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1978. He was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame in 1980.

Born in Central Butte and raised in Saskatoon, Atchison played for the Saskatoon Hilltops from 1947 to 1949. In 1976, in recognition, the Hilltops named their practice field and permanent quarters after him.

During Atchison's time as a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders, he was named to the CFL's Western All-Star team 6 times as a defensive tackle.

References
Ron Atchison at the Canadian Football Hall of Fame

1930 births
2010 deaths
Canadian football defensive linemen
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Players of Canadian football from Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
People from Central Butte

Ron Atchison


Real Chance of Love 2: Back in the Saddle is the second season of the VH1 reality television dating series Real Chance of Love. Ahmad Givens (Real) and Kamal Givens (Chance), former contestants on I Love New York are the central figures. The show premiered August 3, 2009. The show features twenty female contestants taking part in various challenges.
Real and Chance appeared on Chelsea Lately on May 25, 2009, to talk about the second season of the series, which was in production at the time. Ultimately, Ahmad (Real) selected Doll, while Kamal (Chance) selected Hot Wings.

Contestants

Elimination Order

 The contestant won the competition as Real's selection.
 The contestant won the competition as Chance's selection.
 The contestant got a "R" chain from Real.
 The contestant got a "C" chain from Chance.
 The contestant got a Stallionaire "R/C" chain from Real & Chance.
 The contestant did not receive a chain, but was allowed to stay.
 The contestant was eliminated.
 The contestant quit the competition.
 The contestant was eliminated due to physical violence.
 The contestant was eliminated before the elimination ceremony.
1 The contestant won a date with Real.
2 The contestant won a date with Chance.

In Episode Four, Chance was going to decide to eliminate Blonde Baller or Junk, but he decided to let them stay for another night.
In Episode Six, PS said she wanted to quit so the boys did not give out anymore chains, therefore the names are in alphabetical order after Blonde Baller and Mamacita, both of whom were given Chance chains at the ceremony.
Also in Episode 6, there was a challenge between Real's Girls and Chance's Girls, having Tony Little select the winners.
In Episode Ten, Real was going to decide to eliminate Pocahontas or Sassy, but he decided to let them stay for the season finale.

Episodes

Back in the Saddle Bros

First aired on August 3, 2009

Chance and Real have returned for a second season, after both failed to making a lasting connection in season one; Chance selected no one, and Real's romantic relationship with Corn Fed ended soon after the show. In season two, the Stallionaires have twenty new women looking for love, and it will be up to Real and Chance to find their "Stallionettes". The season features new twists such as no "Real girls" or "Chance girls" yet, leading to "double the competition for their men." This twist leads to "calculated game-play" for some of the women. After eliminations, only sixteen women will remain in the competition.

Bottom 3: Freckles, Ribbon, Wiggly
Disqualified: Show Me and Vegas
Eliminated: Freckles and Ribbon

Reasons for Elimination
Show Me: For physically assaulting Vegas after Vegas insulted the other girls.
Vegas: For provoking Show Me to hit her and instigating other girls in an attempted to give her an advantage.
Freckles: Neither Real or Chance felt much of a connection.
Ribbon: She came off too hard to both Real and Chance and behaved childish when she wasn't chosen.

Episode Notes
 Ribbon wanted to get Chance's attention, but she moved on to get Real's attention after Chance thought that she looked like a man.
 Real and Chance originally wanted to name Freckles Sasquatch or Yeti because she looked like one.  Later, Chance became irritated by her advances towards him that he moved somewhere in the backyard.

Love is in the Stallionaire
First aired August 10, 2009

Real and Chance ask the sixteen remaining women to give a "door-to-door sales pitch" outlining their qualities. The contestant with the best pitch will win a date. Blonde Baller, Junk, Pocahontas, Sassy, and Spanish Fly (which Hot Wings thought was unfair) were chosen as winners. All the girls get to go to prom, but the winners were given nice dresses while the rest were given sloppy ones. The winners also went with Real and Chance to a place where a real prom was held, while the others were stuck in the house. Later, before Real and Chance were ready to go to bed, Wiggly came into the room to impress Real, but she "came off a little too strong". The next day, Lady talk to Real and confessed that she used to date women, but it's all in the past. Both Real and Chance had a conservation with Mamacita, questioning if she is there for the boys or for TV. She jokingly said "all the above". During elimination, Mamacita and Wiggly were in the bottom 2. Mamacita confirmed she was there for the boys, not for TV, eliminating Wiggly.

Challenge: Ding Dong Challenge
Challenge Winners: Blonde Baller, Junk, Pocahontas, Sassy, Spanish Fly
Bottom 3: Lady, Mamacita, Wiggly
Eliminated: Wiggly

Reasons for Elimination
Wiggly: Real had no connection with her and felt like she was coming off too strong, and yet was too shy.

Girls Gone Viral
First aired August 17, 2009

The fifteen remaining girls have their booty shaking skills put to the test when they audition for the Stallionaire's viral music video. Gloria Velez made a guest appearance, getting them into "booty camp". Then Pocahontas, Baker, and Lady were chosen as team captains and they chose teams. Apple was not confident doing the challenge, while Lady's team had many ideas that they cannot come to the conclusion of. Real and Chance came to judge all the teams' performances, and Real and Chance made the decision that Baker's team wins the challenge. Both of the boys took Aloha, Baker, Flirty, Mamacita, and PS to the Hollywood Park Race Track. PS, who was undecided about who she like, decides she likes Real better than Chance. Meanwhile, at the house, Junk eavesdropped on Blonde Baller talking to her "best friend", which Junk believes it is her boyfriend. The next day, PS called out Blonde Baller for having a boyfriend and Chance doesn't know what to believe. Aloha had become emotional; even more crazy after Real told her to "domesticate" herself, after Real was disgusted that Aloha was eating raw fish. At elimination, Real and Chance gave out Real chains and Chance chains. It came down to Aloha and Apple. Aloha was cracking up and Chance confirmed that Aloha is indeed crazy, leading Real to eliminate her.

Special Guest: Gloria Velez
Challenge: Stallionaire's Viral Music Video Challenge
Pool Video Performers: Apple, Junk, Pocahontas, Sassy, Spanish Fly
Bar Video Performers: Blonde Baller, Hot Wings, Lady, Classy, Doll
Mansion Video Performers: Aloha, Baker, Flirty, Mamacita, PS
Challenge Winners: Aloha, Baker, Flirty, Mamacita, PS

Note: Real and Chance decided to give out R Chains and C Chains due to the fact that they have an idea which girl is here for one of them.
Chance's Girls: Baker, Hot Wings, Spanish Fly, Flirty, Mamacita, Junk, Blonde Baller
Real's Girls: Doll, Lady, Pocahontas, PS, Classy, Sassy, Apple
Bottom 3: Aloha, Apple, Blonde Baller
Eliminated: Aloha

Reasons for Elimination
Aloha: Real felt she was too unstable and too crazy.

Yeti Set Go
First aired August 24, 2009

After elimination, Blonde Baller gets a call from one of her friend that her best friend died in Michigan, which Junk found very suspicious. The girls' next challenge is to find Big Foot and bring him back, with the winners getting a date with the boys. But little do the girls know that Big Foot is actually the boys' brother Micah. The Pink Team won the challenge with Blonde Baller tackling the Yeti. Baker and Doll had a date up in Real and Chance's bedroom, having a foot psychic reading. Both girls were able to open up to the boys about their insecurities. The next morning, Apple made Real breakfast, but he still has some concern about Apple fitting into his lifestyle. That day, Real and Chance took PS, Blonde Baller, and Junk to the zoo. Both Junk and Blonde Baller got into an argument. When Real asked if Sassy is a good fit for him as a question to Junk's peeping, PS mocks her. Blonde Baller tells Sassy, but starts another argument with Junk right after. During elimination, it was down to Apple and Sassy for Real and Junk and Blonde Baller for Chance. Real eliminated Apple, but Chance doesn't eliminate either girl.

Challenge: Search for Bigfoot
Special Guest: Micah Givens as The Yeti
 Purple Team: Pocahontas, Sassy, Apple, Flirty, Mamacita
 Blue Team: Hot Wings, Lady, Spanish Fly, Classy
 Pink Team: PS, Blonde Baller, Doll, Junk, Baker
Challenge Winner's: Pink Team
Real Girls: P.S., Doll, Classy, Pocahontas, Sassy
Chance Girls: Baker, Hot Wings, Lady, Spanish Fly, Mamacita
Bottom 4: Apple, Blonde Baller, Junk, Sassy
Eliminated: Apple

Reasons for Elimination
Apple: Real felt no connection with Apple and she was too quiet and reserved; he felt that she wouldn't fit into his lifestyle.

Take A Chance Or Get Real
First aired August 31, 2009

After elimination, Blonde Baller tells Chance that she is real and she doesn't have a boyfriend at home. The next day, Real and Chance are reviving a tradition of wrestling as a challenge. Whichever team puts on a great show wins dates with the boys. The first match was produced by the black team, with Hot Wings (as Handspring) & Doll (as Dollface) vs. PS (as Port Mortem) & Baker (as Backbreaker). The second match was produced by the pink team, with Blonde Baller (as Blonde Mauler) & Classy (as Classy Daze) vs. Spanish Fly (as Flapper) & Lady and Junk (as Lady Cyborg and Junk). The third match was produced by the purple team, with Pocahontas (as Poca the Warrior) and Flirty (as Dirty Flirty) vs. Mamacita (as Senorita Mamacita) and Sassy (as Sassy Sphynx). Because of collective chemistry, it ended up that the purple team won the challenge, leaving Hot Wings upset without another date. Sassy and Mamacita get to go on romantic dates that night. On the way there, Chance drank too much tequila, causing him to act obnoxious towards Mamacita during their date. Chance passed out that night while Real bring both Mamacita and Sassy back to the house. Meanwhile, Hot Wings was so frustrated about not getting a date that she decided to pack and leave, but Sassy encouraged her to stay. The next day, Real and Chance took Flirty and Pocahontas to the studio where the TV show Chelsea Lately was filmed, where the girls get to see the boys on TV. Mamacita was jealous that Flirty had a better date than her, causing her to break down to tears. So Real comforted her and tells her she doesn't have to be there for Chance. Junk had one-on-one with Chance and Lady had one-on-one with Real. Junk talks more about Blonde Baller and Lady doesn't know what to tell Real. During elimination, it was down to Mamacita, Lady, and Junk. Both Real and Chance wanted to give their chains to Mamacita. She was confused whom to pick, but in the end, she chose Real because she wanted to teach Chance a lesson. Lady was eliminated, and shortly after, Junk, who thought she would survive another elimination, was also eliminated.

Challenge: Stallionaire Slam Association Wrestling II (SSAW II)
 Purple Team (first place): Pocahontas, Sassy, Flirty, Mamacita; (Trainer:  Christie Ricci)
 Black Team (second place): PS, Baker, Hot Wings, Doll; (Trainer: Assassin Hollywood)
 Pink Team (third place): Spanish Fly, Junk, Blonde Baller, Lady, Classy; (Trainer: The Great Onyx)

Challenge Winner's: Purple Team "Culture Clash 09"
Real Girls: Classy, Doll, Mamacita, Pocahontas, PS, Sassy
Chance Girls: Baker, Blonde Baller, Flirty, Hot Wings, Spanish Fly
Bottom 3: Junk, Lady, Mamacita
Eliminated: Junk, Lady

Reason for elimination
Lady: Real felt that he has no chemistry with her.
Junk: Chance felt that Junk was letting him know more about Blonde Baller rather than letting Chance getting to know her.

Episode notes
 Both Lady and Junk explained that the reason why both of them were eliminated is that Real and Chance prefer light-skinned girls.
 A bonus clip shows Hot Wings finally getting her date with Chance after elimination.
 PS stated that she had to go to hospital because Hot Wings hit her really hard during their wrestling performance.

Pushin Product
First aired September 14, 2009

After elimination, Mamacita felt strange being a Real girl, but Real told her to give him a shot to getting to know her.  Meanwhile, Sassy saw PS flirting with Chance and tells her if he likes Chance, she should stay by Chance instead.  Angry, PS went outside and demanded Sassy what was that about.  Sassy yelled at her that she shouldn't switch from brother to brother.  The challenge the next day was to present an infomercial based on Real and Chance's products, having the Real and Chance girls competing against each other.  It ended that Chance's girls won because of their outstanding energy in their presentation.  Shortly after, PS called them "ghetto", surprising Real, Chance, and the girls.  Real, Chance, and the winning girls went to a club that night.  Meanwhile, Mamacita is still having feelings for Chance, but might be afraid that she might get eliminated by both of them.  The next day, Chance invited his tattoo parlor to the house and he and some of the girls are getting tattoos.  Real was upset that Mamacita is flirting with Chance.  Hot Wings also felt upset about Mamacita flirting with Chance, trying hard to get his attention, but ended up yelling at him when she took his sense of humor seriously.  Meanwhile, Blonde Baller told Classy about the joke Chance made at her, which Baker believe Blonde Baller to be shady and a manipulator.  During elimination, PS went up to Real and said she doesn't want to be in the house anymore.  Real said she was going to go home anyway because of her offensive "ghetto" comments towards him, Chance, and the girls, including Sassy.  Real called down Mamacita and said that she should accept his brother's chain because she was feeling Chance more.  The brothers decided to not to give out the chains to the rest of the girls that night.

Special Guest: Tony Little
Challenge: Infomercial Presentation
Real Girls – Classy, Doll, Mamacita, Pocahontas, PS, Sassy; (Product: Real Silk Hair Care)
Chance Girls –  Baker, Blonde Baller, Flirty, Hot Wings, Spanish Fly; (Product: Pure Chance Moisturizer)

Challenge Winner's: Baker, Blonde Baller, Flirty, Hot Wings, Spanish Fly
Quit: PS
Real Girls: Classy, Doll, Pocahontas, Sassy
Chance Girls: Blonde Baller, Baker, Flirty, Hot Wings, Mamacita, Spanish Fly

Reason for Withdrew

PS: PS quit because she thought that Sassy was going to tell Real that she came here for Chance but wanted to date him.  Real told her that he was going to eliminate her anyway because of her offensive comments towards Real, Chance, and the girls.

Episode Notes
 In a bonus clip, Chance said to the girls the reason why he didn't choose a girl during Season 1 is because Risky is too much of a friend and Cali "smashed the homies", in reference to For the Love of Ray J.

Animals Are Awesome
First aired September 21, 2009

Flirty wanted more connection from Chance, but Blonde Baller wants her to switch to Real for less competition.  The next day, their challenge is to write and perform a song called "Animals are Awesome", with each girl writing and singing a verse about an endangered animal and all girls from each team to sing the chorus.  It ended that Team 2 named EES (Exotic Endangered Species) won.  That night, Real and Chance took Classy and Hot Wings went to a fancy restaurant for their double date.  The next day, Real and Chance took Blonde Baller, Flirty, and Doll to a local tennis court to play tennis.  On the way there, Flirty opened up to Chance about her troubled past.  The group played tennis with Blonde Baller disgusted about Chance giving Flirty more attention than her.  During one-on-one, Blonde Baller gave Chance the scoop about the rest of Chance's girls, including Flirty.  Flirty denied what Blonde Baller said about her on her one-on-one with Chance.  After the date, Flirty told the rest of the girls about Blonde Baller, which causes most of the girls to turn on Blonde Baller.  Chance had one-on-ones with Spanish Fly and Mamacita (finding Spanish Fly boring, but Mamacita fun and interesting), while Real had a one-on-one with Pocahontas, which she opens up about her past.  At elimination, it was down to Blonde Baller and Spanish Fly.  In the end, Chance chose Blonde Baller to stay another night, shocking the Chance's girls.
Special Guest: Micah Givens
Challenge: Write and perform the song, "Animals Are Awesome"
Team 1: Baker, Mamacita, Pocahontas, Sassy, Spanish Fly
Team 2: Blonde Baller, Classy, Doll, Flirty, Hot Wings
Winner: Team 2
Real Girls: Classy, Doll, Pocahontas, Sassy
Chance Girls: Baker, Blonde Baller, Flirty, Hot Wings, Mamacita
Bottom 2: Blonde Baller, Spanish Fly
Eliminated: Spanish Fly

Reason for Elimination

Spanish Fly: Chance felt that the strong connection that they had in the beginning of the competition had faded away after not spending much time together, and stated that Spanish Fly was now floating under the radar.

Stallionaire Court
First aired September 28, 2009

After elimination, Blonde Baller realize that she needs more romantic towards Chance so she went up to his room to chill.  The next day, the next challenge is to present a case against another girl of an opposing team in Stallionaire Court, because Real and Chance are tired of the drama in the house.  The Contemptresses (Baker, Hot Wings, Pocashontas) automatically targets Blonde Baller for being a liar and a snitch.  The Pleading Hearts (Doll, Flirty, Mamacita) decided to go for Hot Wings for threatening to leave the house.  The Impeaches (Blonde Baller, Classy, Sassy) went for Flirty because of her legal issues, which Blonde Baller is the only girl on the team that has knowledge.  It was time for go to court and the Pleading Hearts were first to go up.  Hot Wings told Real and Chance that she wanted to leave because she was frustrated that she didn't get a date with Chance.  Mamacita suddenly said that Hot Wings is indeed there for Chance, causing the judges to find Hot Wings innocent and the Pleading Hearts to lose their case.  The Impeaches presented that charges about Flirty not being the true definition of a Stallionette.  Even though Flirty was honest about her legal issues, the evidence the Impeaches presented was overwhelming that she was found guilty.  The Contemptresses opened their case with Pocahontas asking if BB's father knows where she is, with Blonde Baller saying that she didn't tell her father where she is, but she told him that she's on a TV show, exposing herself as a liar.  Baker asked Classy to come to the stand as a witness, asking her what Blonde Baller said to her the other day about Chance.  Classy relayed what Blonde Baller said to her, exposing her as a snitch.  Ultimately, Blonde Baller was found guilty.  The Impeaches won the challenge, winning dates.  Chance also announced that there will be elimination that night.  Back at the house, Blonde Baller overheard Flirty threatening to beat her up.  Her solo date with Chance went well until Blonde Baller told him about Flirty, disappointing Chance.  Meanwhile, Flirty was breaking down because Blonde Baller had blown her legal trouble out of proportion and Chance started to worry about that.  During elimination, it was down to Flirty and Blonde Baller.  Blonde Baller repeatedly said she was here for Chance, but Chance felt betrayed that he has been lied to the whole time, giving his chain to Flirty, eliminating Blonde Baller.

Special Guest: Micah Givens as The Bailiff
Challenge: Present the best case against one girl from another team in Stallonaire Court
The Contemptresses: Baker, Hot Wings, Pocahontas (vs. Blonde Baller)
The Impeaches: Classy, Blonde Baller, Sassy (vs. Flirty)
The Pleading Hearts: Doll, Flirty, Mamacita (vs. Hot Wings)
Challenge Winners: Blonde Baller, Classy, Sassy
Real Girls: Classy, Doll, Pocahontas, Sassy
Chance Girls: Baker, Flirty, Hot Wings, Mamacita
Bottom 2: Blonde Baller, Flirty
Eliminated: Blonde Baller

Reason for Elimination

Blonde Baller: Chance has lost all trust in her after she was exposed as a liar and a snitch in Stallionaire Court.  She also gave the scoop on Flirty on their solo date even when Chance warns her not to mention any of the other girls.

Episode Notes
 The boys' brother Micah made his third appearance on the show in this episode.
 According to Blonde Baller, she said in the exit interview that Chance invited her over to his room after elimination and Chance demanded her to tell her about Flirty on their solo date.

Whine's and Cheese
First aired October 5, 2009

After elimination, the girls celebrated the departure of Blonde Baller.  The next day, the girls were invited by the boys to the Robert Hall winery at Paso Robles, CA.  Real and Chance wanted take wine-tasting, but also announced that each of them will take two girls out on a date.  Chance had a one-on-one with Flirty, who told him that all her troubles are all in the past and it will not affect their relationship.  Real had a one-on-one with Pocahontas, wanting more time with her.  On the way the hotel, Sassy was so drunk that the limo had to pull over for her to puke.  After they arrive at the Madonna Inn and Sassy sobering up, it was announced that Flirty, Mamacita, Classy, and Pocashontas get to go on dates with Real and Chance.  As soon as the girls sat down, Chance had to use the bathroom, having Flirty and Mamacita wait for him.  Classy attempted to crack some jokes to Real, but it made Real uncomfortable.  Pocahontas then gave him an embarrassing dance that made Real laugh.  Once Chance came back, Flirty open up more about her life, which Chance found strange and perceived her as a liar.  Real chose Pocahontas and Chance chose Mamacita for night caps.  The next day, the girls got back to the house and that night was elimination.  Chance spend some one-on-one with Hot Wings.  After that, he went to the kitchen and found a cake made from Baker, which was supposed to be a surprise and made Baker upset after Chance autographed it with cream.  Real also spend some one-on-one with Doll, but then Sassy surprised Real, draped in lingerie.  Then she told him she's unsure if she's the right woman for him, which concerns him.  During elimination, it was down to Classy and Sassy for Real and Baker and Flirty for Chance.  Classy and Flirty were eliminated
Challenge: Who can grab attention from Real and Chance
Challenge Winners: Classy, Flirty, Mamacita, Pocahontas
Real Girls: Doll, Pocahontas, Sassy
Chance Girls: Baker, Hot Wings, Mamacita
Bottom 4: (C) Baker & Flirty, (R)Classy & Sassy
Eliminated: Classy, Flirty

Reason for Elimination
 Classy: Real felt that Classy is only telling how she can be funny, instead of showing it.
 Flirty: Chance still felt that Flirty has a lot going on in her life.

Episode Notes
 Even though Classy didn't grab Real's attention at the winery, Real picked her because he wants to know if Classy give him her funny side.

Poca Face
First aired October 12, 2009

Sassy is wondering how Pocahontas to be "a perfect person", but she is unable get any dirt out of her.  It was announced that Real and Chance's parents Claudia and Robert are coming to visit.  All the girls get to meet the parents during the barbecue.  Real announced that he and his girls will have a date that night with the parents while Chance and his girls will have a date tomorrow with the parents.  Real took Doll, Pocahontas, and Sassy to the baseball park for their date that night for three of the girls to meet their parents.  Each girl have one-on-one time with the parents.  When asked if Sassy would be a good fit for Real, Pocahontas stressed that she doesn't have a spark with Real and she needs to be humble.  Sassy said to their parents that Pocahontas might be "a perfect person", but she might also be hiding something.  The next day, Chance took Hot Wings, Mamacita, and Baker to a cooking class to meet the parents.  Again, each girl has one-on-one with them.  Hot Wings said that Baker "is too much alike."  Baker stated that Hot Wings is immature.  When all of them sat down for lunch with Chance and the parents, Baker and Hot Wings started arguing about their feelings, leading Chance having to end their date.  Real and Chance had a conversation with their parents about the girls. He had some one-on-one with Sassy, letting her know that she needs to be more loose, having her take out her contact lenses.  Chance had some one-on-one with Baker and Hot Wings because of the argument during lunch.  During elimination, Real and Chance announced that they would be going to Miami, but they have room for four girls.  Chance begins by giving Mamacita his first chain, leaving Baker and Hot Wings for his bottom two.  Chance is concerned about Baker's attitude and Hot Wings's immaturity.  But Hot Wings pleaded that age doesn't matter when you're in love with somebody, moving Chance and eliminating Baker.  Real gave his first chain to Doll, leaving Pocahontas and Sassy at the bottom two.  He has developed feelings for both of them, but also has some questions about both of them, Pocahontas not being completely honest and Sassy still being high maintenance.  It was decided that Real will take both girls along with Doll to Miami.
Real Girls: Doll, Pocahontas, Sassy
Chance Girls: Mamacita, Hot Wings
Bottom 4: (C) Baker and Hot Wings (R) Pocahontas and Sassy
Eliminated: Baker

Reason for Elimination
Baker: Chance felt like she wasn't showing enough love and affection like the other two girls.

Episode Notes

 Real was supposed to eliminate either Pocahontas or Sassy, but ended up keeping them both.
 In a bonus clip, Real's dad said to Sassy and Pocahontas how Real got his long hair, inferring that he inherited that from relatives from India.

Clip Show
First aired October 19, 2009

Real and Chance shared some of the best and worst moments of the show.

Includes:
 Spanish Fly and her boobs
 Junk and her large butt
 Lady eating toilet paper
 Aloha being insane
 Blonde Baller being the enemy in the house
 Doll not being able to play baseball and tennis, but can wrestle
 Hot Wings whining
 Pocahontas being a maid and a spiritual person
 Mamacita as a wild person
 Sassy referring herself in the third person

Welcome in Miami, Beeotch
First aired October 26, 2009

After elimination, Pocahontas and Sassy still despise each other.  The next day, Real, Chance, and the girls depart to Miami and settle into a hotel.  That night, Real had dinner with his three girls and said that one girl will be eliminated that next day.  Real then took out applications and the audition tapes of each girl to see what they were like before coming to the show.  He first saw Sassy's tape and found she was the same person who came to the show.  Then he checked Doll's tape and found she was attracted to bad boys like Chance. He then discovered on Pocahontas' tape that she lied about having a threesome with her former boyfriend and his friend.  The next day, Pocahontas felt nervous about what happen last night.  Later, both Real and Chance met the girls on the dock.  Chance tells Mamacita that she would go on a yacht with him, while Hot Wings will have her date later, going back to the limo.  Real then became his early elimination, choosing Sassy to stay and have her date later with Real, leaving Doll and Pocahontas as his bottom two.  He ultimately eliminated Pocahontas.  This shocks her dearly, letting Doll on the yacht and waterskiing with Mamacita and Chance.  That night, Real and Chance had dates with Doll and Mamacita, shortly after bring them back to their rooms for their night caps.  The next day, Real and Chance took Sassy and Hot Wings to Gator Park to see some crocodiles and alligators. Hot Wings decides to step in the water to prove to Chance that she is adventurous also.  That night, Sassy and Hot Wings have dates with Real and Chance.  During Real's date, Sassy pulls out a notebook full of questions to ask Real, which surprised him but felt that she is interested in him.  Hot Wings accidentally said that she loved him.  Real and Chance took the girls back to their rooms for their night caps.  The next day would be the day Real and Chance would their girls each to be with.  During their final elimination, Real picked Doll to be with.  Chance had a difficult decision, but Hot Wings said she felt in love in with him and Chance decides to take Hot Wing over Mamacita.
Final 3 Real's Girls : Pocahontas, Doll, Sassy
Eliminated: Pocahontas
Final 2 Real's Girls : Doll, Sassy
Doll's Date: A ride on a yacht and waterskiing, a romantic date, and an overnight stay in Real's room.
Sassy's Date: A Gator Park boat ride, a romantic date, an overnight stay in Real's room.
Hot Wings' Date: A Gator Park boat ride, a romantic date, an overnight stay in Chance's room.
Mamacita's Date: A ride on a yacht and waterskiing, a romantic date, and an overnight stay in Chance's room.
Real Girl: Doll
Chance Girl: Hot Wings

Reason for Elimination
Pocahontas: Real found out that Pocahontas lied to him.
Sassy: Real felt that Sassy can be a jealous and possessive person.
Mamacita: Chance still felt he's not ready for a relationship with her.

Episode Notes
  On his date with his final three girls, Real stated the reason why he and Corn Fed broke up because he found out that she broke up her engagement to another man a month before coming to the first season of the show.

Aftermath

In another interview published the same day, Doll also said that she had not heard from Real, that they had no "relationship established" and that she was "moving on", although she was giving him the "benefit of the doubt" because the show's contract may have prohibited him from contacting her until after the reunion episode.  While Hot Wings said she felt that "really, we didn't win" and "it's almost like we got eliminated too, because we never hear from them," Doll stated that, for her, winning was "like a trophy" and "because Real was a real nice guy" she feels "really great about winning somebody over like that."  There was no reunion show for Real Chance of Love 2.
Hot Wings (Kamille), Mamacita (Michelle), Sassy (Gabrielle), and Blonde Baller (Kip Force) appeared on the fourth season of I Love Money.
 Ahmad Givens (Real) died on February 21, 2015, after a long battle of colon cancer. He was 35.
Kamal Givens (Chance) was given a new dating series entitled "One Mo' Chance" on The Zeus Network.

References

External links

2009 American television seasons
VH1

Real Chance of Love (season 2)