Ateji PX is an object-oriented programming language extension for Java.  It is intended to facilliate parallel computing on multi-core processors, GPU, Grid and Cloud.

Ateji PX can be integrated with the Eclipse IDE, requires minimal learning of the additional parallel constructs and does not alter the development process.

Code examples

Hello World

public class HelloWorld {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    [
      || System.out.println("Hello");
      || System.out.println("World");
    ]
  }
}

Each || symbol introduces a parallel branch. Running this program will print either

Hello
World

or

World
Hello

depending on how the parallel branches happen to be scheduled.

Data parallelism

[
  || (int i : array.length) array[i]++;
]

The quantification (int i : N) creates one parallel branch for each value of i. The effect of this code is to increment all elements of array in parallel. This code is equivalent to

[
  || array[0]++;
  || array[1]++;
  ...
  || array[array.length-1]++;
]

More complex quantifications are possible. The following example quantifies over the upper left triangle of a square matrix:

[
|| (int i:N, int j:N, if i+j<N) matrix[i][j]++;
]

Code that performs a similar and typically small operation on a large collection of elements is called data parallel, and appears often in high-performance scientific applications. A typical representative of data-parallel languages for the C/C++ or Fortran ecosystems is OpenMP.

Data parallelism features can also be implemented by libraries using dedicated data structures, such as parallel arrays.

Task parallelism

The term task parallelism is used when work can conceptually be decomposed into a number of logical tasks. In this example, tasks are created recursively:

int fib(int n) {
  if (n <= 1) return 1;
  int fib1, fib2;
  // recursively create parallel branches
  [
    || fib1 = fib(n-1);
    || fib2 = fib(n-2);
  ]
  return fib1 + fib2;
}

Task parallelism is implemented in languages such as Cilk, and in libraries similar to the fork/join pair of Unix system calls.

Message-passing

Parallel branches have two ways of communicating; either by concurrently reading and writing shared variables, or by sending explicit messages. The operators ! and ? respectively send and receive a message on a channel.

In this example, two parallel branches communicate via explicit message passing:

Chan<String> chan = new Chan<String>();
[
  // branch 1 sends a value over the channel
  || chan ! "Hello";

  // branch 2 receives a value from the channel and prints it
  || chan ? s; System.out.println(s);
]

Data-flow

A program is said to be data-flow when computation is initiated and synchronized by the availability of data in a flow. A typical example is an adder: it has two inputs, one output, and whenever the two inputs are ready, it sends their sum on the output.

void adder(Chan<Integer> in1, Chan<Integer> in2, Chan<Integer> out) {
  for (;;) {
    int value1, value2;
    [ in1 ? value1; || in2 ? value2; ];
    out ! value1 + value2;
}}

Note the parallel read [ in1 ? value1; || in2 ? value2; ]. It means that the two input values can come in any order. Without it, the code may deadlock if values were coming in the wrong order. This shows that parallel primitives in a programming language are not only about performance, but also about the behavior of programs.

The adder by itself doesn't do anything, since it reacts on input data. It needs to be put in a context where other parts feed input values and read output values. The way to express this is to compose all pieces in a large parallel block:

[
  || source(c1); // generates values on c1
  || source(c2); // generates values on c2
  || adder(c1, c2, c3);
  || sink(c3); // read values from c3
]

Anything that can be thought of as a combination of logical gates or electrical circuits can readily be expressed in this way as a data-flow program.

External links

Object-oriented programming languages
Concurrent programming languages
Java programming language family
Statically typed programming languages
JVM programming languages

Ateji PX


Shiloh is a children's book written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor in 1991. It won the 1992 Newbery Medal. It is about a dog that is given abuse and a boy named Marty P. that tries to save him. he took the dog on day he raised the dog Finley until one night when a German Shepard from the bakers almost kills the dog. Marty kept it a secret that he had the dog. His dad knew the dog owner (Judd) and they took the dog to the doctor's office. The whole family raised it for a week. Judd wanted the dog soon. Marty saw Judd shooting a doe out of season. He tried to blackmail him, but they worked out a bargain that Marty would work for him for 20 hours. Then Marty and the family got the dog and everything went back to normal.

1991 books
American children's books
Newbery Medal winning books

Shiloh


Punjaithuraiyampalayam is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 11 km from Gobichettipalayam and 46 km from district headquarters Erode. The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Sathyamangalam via Vaniputhur. Punjaithuraiyampalayam has a population of about 8312.

References

Villages in Erode district

Punjaithuraipalayam


Yeiki Kobashigawa (September 28, 1917-March 31, 2005)  was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life
Kobashigawa was born at Hilo, Hawaii.  He is the son of immigrants who were born in Japan. He is a Nisei, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Kobashigawa joined the US Army in November 1941.

Kobashigawa volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

For his actions in June 1944, Kobashigawa was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Kobashigawa's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Kobashigawa's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1944. He led successful attacks on four machine gun positions.

The words of Kobashigawa's citation explain:
Technical Sergeant Yeiki Kobashigawa distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944, in the vicinity of Lanuvio, Italy. During an attack, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's platoon encountered strong enemy resistance from a series of machine guns providing supporting fire. Observing a machine gun nest 50 yards from his position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa crawled forward with one of his men, threw a grenade and then charged the enemy with his submachine gun while a fellow soldier provided covering fire. He killed one enemy soldier and captured two prisoners. Meanwhile, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa and his comrade were fired upon by another machine gun 50 yards ahead. Directing a squad to advance to his first position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa again moved forward with a fellow soldier to subdue the second machine gun nest. After throwing grenades into the position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa provided close supporting fire while a fellow soldier charged, capturing four prisoners. On the alert for other machine gun nests, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa discovered four more, and skillfully led a squad in neutralizing two of them. Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov

1917 births
2005 deaths
Military people from Hawaii
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
Hilo, Hawaii

Yeiki Kobashigawa


Sesuvium edmonstonei, commonly known as Galapagos carpet weed, is a species of plant in the family Aizoaceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador).

Description

Sesuvium edmonstonei is a low-growing perennial plant. The stems, which are fleshy and covered with scales, are sometimes woody at the base. The succulent leaves are oblanceolate and grow in opposite pairs; they are simple, entire and up to  long. The flowers grow in the leaf axils, each having a five-lobed white calyx, no petals, and many stamens. The fruits that follow are ovoid capsules, with lids, containing black seeds with wrinkled cuticles. The plants develop orange and red hues in the cool season.

Distribution and habitat
This succulent plant is endemic to the Galapagos Islands. It is found on Darwin Island, Española Island, Fernandina Island, Floreana Island, Genovesa Island, Isabela Island, Rábida Island, San Cristóbal Island, Santa Cruz Island, Santiago Island and Wolf Island. It spreads in sheets across both rocky and sandy ground.

References

External links

Endemic flora of Galápagos
edmonstonei
Least concern plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN

Sesuvium edmonstonei


The O'Shannassy Reservoir is an Australian man-made water supply dammed reservoir. The  water store across the O'Shannassy River is located near the locality of , approximately  east of Melbourne, Victoria. The dam that creates the impoundment is called the O'Shannassy Dam.

Location and features
The reservoir is part of Melbourne's water supply system. Water flows under gravity to Silvan Reservoir, then to storage and distribution reservoirs around Melbourne. It is the smallest of the water storage reservoirs managed by Melbourne Water, with a capacity of approximately , but it is on a very productive catchment, with stream flow averaging  per annum.

The location was selected as it is at sufficient altitude for gravity supply to the elevated eastern suburbs of Melbourne. A diversion weir on the O'Shannassy River and aqueduct to the Surrey Hills Reservoir in Melbourne were completed in 1914. The weir was complemented by the construction of the dam and its reservoir in 1928, but the weir was still used to divert river flows into the aqueduct. The construction of the Yarra-Silvan conduits in the 1950s resulted in reduced requirements for the aqueduct which was decommissioned in 1997.

See also

 List of reservoirs and dams in Victoria
 Melbourne Water

References

Reservoirs in Victoria (state)
1928 establishments in Australia
Yarra Ranges Shire

O'Shannassy Reservoir


The name Queenie is an affectionate, or pet use, of the term "queen", and is thought to be derived from the Old English word "cwen", meaning 'woman' rather than a reference to the monarch or his wife.

As a first name it can also mean "Royal Lady" or "Ruler". In this sense the name is also used as a nickname or pet name for a girl who shares her first name with a Queen. As such, it was popular name during the Victorian era in the British Empire. It was once very popular in London's East End.

Given name
 Queenie Chu (born 1981), Hong Kong television presenter and actress
 Q. D. Leavis (1900–1982), English literary critic and essayist
 Queenie McKenzie (c. 1930 – 1998), indigenous Australian artist
 Queenie Rosson (1889–1978), American silent film actress
 Queenie Smith (1898–1978), American stage, film and television actress
 Queenie Thomas (1898–1977), British actress
 Queenie Watts (1926–1980), English actress and singer
 Queenie Ashton (1903–1999), stage name of British-born soprano and English and Australian character actress Ethel Muriel Cover (née Ashton)

Nickname
 Mary Jane Cain (1844–1929), Aboriginal Australian human rights activist
 Queenie Newall (1854–1929), British archer
 Merle Oberon (1911–1979), Anglo-Indian actress
 Jimmy O'Rourke (baseball) (1883–1955), American professional baseball player
 Stephanie St. Clair (1886–1969), a French gangster who operated out of New York's Harlem

Stage names
Queenie Leighton (1874–1943), stage name of British music hall star Lilian Caroline Augusta Rickard
Queenie Leonard (1905–2002), stage name of English character actress and singer Pearl Walker
Queenie, a performer in the English pop quintet King (pop band)
Queenie Williams (1896–1962), stage name of Australian actress Alfreda Ina Williams

Animals
Queenie (Melbourne elephant) (died 1944)
Queenie (waterskiing elephant) (1952–2011)

Fictional characters
Queenie, a character in the American television series American Horror Story
Queenie or Queeney, a character in the Aubrey–Maturin series of novels by Patrick O'Brian
Queenie (Blackadder), a caricature of Elizabeth I of England in the British TV series Blackadder
Queenie, a dog in Truman Capote's short story "A Christmas Memory"
Queenie, a character in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
Queenie, a character in the musical Show Boat
Queenie, a character in Joseph Moncure March's poem "The Wild Party" (poem)
Queenie Gibbons, a character in Noel Coward's play This Happy Breed
Queenie Goldstein, a character in Fantastic Beasts (film series)
Queenie Kelley, the main character from Queenie (miniseries)
Queenie Price, a character in the British soap opera EastEnders
Magdalene "Queenie" Shaw, a character from the Fast & Furious franchise
Queenie Yoh, a character in the 2018 Japanese anime Lost Hope (TV series)

External links
"Queenie" entry on Nameberry

Feminine given names
Filipino feminine given names
Nicknames

Queenie (name)


In computer programming, a dumper is a program which copies data from one source (usually a proprietary format) to another (usually in a more easily accessible format).

A dumper is a program that saves data from the computer's memory, usually from a foreign process (program) to a (*.dmp) file. Often the process's memory is dumped automatically to disk if the program crashes. You may recover any unsaved data from this file or send it to the developer so he can investigate what caused the crash.

Another use of 'dumpers' can be dumping Windows Exe-files from memory after they have been unpacked/decrypted for further analysis (in case of malware), or after unwrapping/unpacking certain security envelopes. These security envelopes are applied by the developer or software vendor to 'protect' these applications.

Usually, a security envelope checks if the application has not been modified, if you are still on your evaluation period or if the original CD is inserted before it unpacks and starts the application in memory. However, just dumping is not enough - because structures like the imported API-Call were overwritten or intentionally mangled by the protector at the start and need to be rebuilt to get a running executable.

Data transmission

Dumper (computer program)


The University of Colorado (CU) is a system of public universities in Colorado. It consists of four institutions: the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. It is governed by the elected, nine-member board of regents.

Campuses

University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder)
CU Boulder is the flagship university of the University of Colorado System in Boulder, Colorado. Founded in 1876, the university has more than 39,000 undergraduate and graduate students, making it the largest university in Colorado by enrollment. It offers more than 2,500 courses in more than 150 areas of study through its nine colleges and schools.

University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS)
UCCS is the fastest growing of the three campuses with an undergraduate and graduate student population of about 12,000 students. It offers 45 bachelor's, 22 master's, and five doctoral degree programs through its six colleges. The 520-acre campus is located in central Colorado Springs.

University of Colorado Denver (CU Denver)
CU Denver is the largest research university in Colorado, attracting more than $420 million in research annually, and granting more master's degrees than any other institution in Colorado. The campus provides an urban learning center with liberal arts, sciences, and professional programs in eight schools and colleges, serving over 18,000 students. CU Denver is located in downtown Denver on the Auraria Campus, which is also home to Metropolitan State University of Denver and Community College of Denver.

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU Anschutz)
CU Anschutz in Aurora is home to six professional schools in the health sciences and extensive research and clinical care facilities, including the University of Colorado Hospital, Children's Hospital Colorado and the Anschutz Health and Wellness Center. CU Anschutz has more than 4,200 students, and is the largest academic health center in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States.

Defunct campuses

University of Colorado South Denver (CU South Denver)
CU South Denver, located in Lone Tree, opened in 2015 as a satellite campus of CU Denver, but permanently closed in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns surrounding the campus' financial viability. At the time of its closing, the campus offered four academic programs and served nearly 300 students.

Related institutions
 The University of Colorado Hospital Authority (UC Health) was created in 1991 to allow the Regents to reorganize the University of Colorado Hospital.

See also
Sommers–Bausch Observatory

References

External links

 Official website

Colorado

Public universities and colleges in Colorado

University of Colorado


John Frank Stossel (born March 6, 1947) is an American libertarian television presenter, author, consumer journalist, political activist, and pundit. He is known for his career as a host on ABC News, Fox Business Network, and Reason TV.

Stossel's style combines reporting and commentary. It reflects a libertarian political philosophy and views on economics which are largely supportive of the free market. He began his journalism career as a researcher for KGW-TV, was a consumer reporter at WCBS-TV in New York City, and then joined ABC News as a consumer editor and reporter on Good Morning America. Stossel became an ABC News correspondent, joining the weekly news magazine program 20/20, and later became a co-anchor. In October 2009, Stossel left ABC News to join the Fox Business Network. He hosted a weekly news show on Fox Business, Stossel, from December 2009 to December 2016. In 2019, Stossel launched StosselTV, an online channel distributed on social media.

Stossel has received 19 Emmy Awards and five awards from the National Press Club. He has written three books: Give Me a Break (2004), Myths, Lies, and Downright Stupidity (2007), and No, They Can't: Why Government Fails – But Individuals Succeed (2012).

Early life
John F. Stossel was born on March 6, 1947, in Chicago Heights, Illinois, the younger of two sons, to Jewish parents who left Germany before Hitler rose to power. The family joined a Congregationalist church in the U.S., and Stossel was raised Protestant. He grew up on Chicago's affluent North Shore and graduated from New Trier High School. Stossel characterizes his older brother, Thomas P. Stossel, as "the superstar of the family", commenting, "While I partied and played poker, he studied hard, got top grades, and went to Harvard Medical School." Stossel characterizes himself as having been "an indifferent student" while in college, commenting, "I daydreamed through half my classes at Princeton, and applied to grad school only because I was ambitious, and grad school seemed like the right path for a 21-year-old who wanted to get ahead." Although he had been accepted to the University of Chicago's School of Hospital Management, Stossel was "sick of school" and thought taking a job would inspire him to embrace graduate studies with renewed vigor. Stossel recalled in an interview that after graduating college, "like a lot of young people I thought capitalism was ok it brings us some stuff but it's cruel and unfair".

Career

Early career
In school, Stossel aspired to work at Seattle Magazine, but it went out of business by the time he graduated. His contacts there assisted him in getting a job at KGW-TV in Portland, Oregon, where Stossel began as a newsroom gofer, working his way up to researcher and then writer. After a few years, the news director told Stossel to go on the air and read what he wrote. Despite his stage fright, Stossel says his fear spurred him to improve, examining and imitating broadcasts of David Brinkley and Jack Perkins. Stossel had also stuttered since childhood. After a few years of on-air reporting, Stossel was hired by WCBS-TV in New York City, by Ed Joyce, the same news director who hired Arnold Diaz, Linda Ellerbee, Dave Marash, Joel Siegel and Lynn Sherr. Stossel was disappointed at CBS, feeling that the more limited amount of time spent there on research lowered the quality of its journalism compared to Portland. Stossel cites union work rules that discouraged the extra work that Stossel felt allowed employees to be creative, which he says represented his "first real introduction to the deals made by special interests". Stossel also "hated" Joyce, who he felt was "cold and critical", though Stossel credits Joyce with allowing him the freedom to pursue his own story ideas, and with recommending the Hollins Communications Research Institute in Roanoke, Virginia, that helped Stossel manage his stutter.

Stossel grew continuously more frustrated with having to follow the assignment editor's vision of what was news. Perhaps because of his stuttering, he had always avoided covering what others covered, feeling he could not succeed if he were forced to compete with other reporters by shouting out questions at news conferences. However, this led to the unexpected realization for Stossel that more important events were those that occurred slowly, such as the women's movement, the growth of computer technology, and advancements in contraception, rather than daily events like government pronouncements, elections, fires, or crime. One day, Stossel bypassed the assignment editor to give Ed Joyce a list of story ideas the assignment editor had rejected. Joyce agreed that Stossel's ideas were better, and approved them. Stossel has served as a spokesman for the Stuttering Foundation of America.

20/20
In 1981 Roone Arledge offered Stossel a job at ABC News, as a correspondent for 20/20 and consumer reporter for Good Morning America. His "Give Me a Break" segments for the former featured a skeptical look at subjects from government regulations and pop culture to censorship and unfounded fear. The series was spun off into a series of one-hour specials with budgets of half a million dollars that began in 1994. During the course of his work on 20/20, Stossel wrote, he discovered Reason magazine, whose libertarian ideas appealed to him. Stossel later said in an interview that the regulations he urged governments to pass did not work. After coming out as a libertarian, Stossel said, he angered members of the political left, his news colleagues and others. Stossel was named co-anchor of 20/20 in May 2003, while he was writing his first book, Give Me a Break: How I Exposed Hucksters, Cheats, and Scam Artists and Became the Scourge of the Liberal Media, which was published in 2004. In it, he details his start in journalism and consumer reporting, and how he evolved to harbor libertarian beliefs.

Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network

In September 2009, it was announced that Stossel was leaving Disney's ABC News and joining News Corp.'s Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network. In addition to appearing on The O'Reilly Factor every Tuesday night, he also hosted a one-hour weekly program for Fox Business Network and a series of one-hour specials for Fox News Channel, as well as making regular guest appearances on Fox News programs.

The program, Stossel, debuted December 10, 2009, on Fox Business Network. The program examined issues related to individual freedom, free market capitalism and small government, such as civil liberties, the business of health care, and free trade. The final episode premiered on December 16, 2016. At the end of that episode, a retrospective that spotlighted moments from seven years of the program, Stossel explained that due to his age, he wanted to help develop a younger generation of journalists with his views, and would continue to appear as a guest on Fox programs, and also help produce content for Reason TV. His blog, "Stossel's Take", is published on both FoxBusiness.com and FoxNews.com.

Stossel TV
In 2019, Stossel launched Stossel TV, an online channel which distributes weekly videos via social media platforms.

Publications

Stossel has written three books. Give Me a Break: How I Exposed Hucksters, Cheats, and Scam Artists and Became the Scourge of the Liberal Media is a 2005 autobiography from Harper Perennial documenting his career and philosophical transition from liberalism to libertarianism. It describes his opposition to government regulation, his belief in free market and private enterprise, support for tort reform, and advocacy for shifting social services from the government to private charities. It was a New York Times bestseller for 11 weeks. Myths, Lies, and Downright Stupidity: Get Out the Shovel – Why Everything You Know Is Wrong, which was published in 2007 by Hyperion, questions the validity of various conventional wisdoms, and argues that the belief he is conservative is untrue. On April 10, 2012, Threshold Editions, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, published Stossel's third book No, They Can't: Why Government Fails – But Individuals Succeed. It argues that government policies meant to solve problems instead produce new ones, and that free individuals and the private sector perform tasks more efficiently than the government does.

With financial support from the libertarian Palmer R. Chitester Fund, Stossel and ABC News launched a series of educational materials for public schools in 1999 entitled "Stossel in the Classroom". It was taken over in 2006 by the Center for Independent Thought and releases a new DVD of teaching materials annually. In 2006, Stossel and ABC released Teaching Tools for Economics, a video series based on the National Council of Economics Education standards.

Since February 2011, Stossel has written a weekly newspaper column for Creators Syndicate. His articles appear in such online publications as Newsmax, Reason, and Townhall.

Political positions
Stossel purports to debunk myths in his journalism. His Myths and Lies series of 20/20 specials challenges a range of liberal beliefs. He also hosted The Power of Belief (October 6, 1998), an ABC News Special that focused on assertions of the paranormal and people's desire to believe. Another report put forward the argument that opposition to DDT is misplaced and that the ban on DDT has resulted in the deaths of millions of children, mostly in poor nations.

Libertarianism

As a libertarian who has said he usually votes for the Libertarian Party, Stossel says that he believes in both personal freedom and the free market. He frequently uses television airtime to advance these views and challenge viewers' distrust of free-market capitalism and economic competition. He received an Honoris Causa Doctorate from Francisco Marroquin University, a libertarian university in Guatemala, in 2008.

Stossel argues that individual self-interest, or "greed", creates an incentive to work harder and to innovate. He argues that this innovation makes the poor richer and the only way people "can get rich is to offer us something that we believe is better than we had before." He promoted school choice as a way to improve American public schools akin to the Belgian voucher system.

Stossel has criticized government programs for being inefficient, wasteful, and harmful. He has also criticized the American legal system, opining that it provides lawyers and vexatious litigators the incentive to file frivolous lawsuits indiscriminately. Although Stossel concedes that some lawsuits are necessary in order to provide justice to people genuinely injured by others with greater economic power, he advocates the adoption in the U.S. of the English rule as one method to reduce the more abusive or frivolous lawsuits.

Stossel opposes the minimum wage, corporate welfare and welfare more broadly, bailouts, seat belt laws, occupational licensing and the war in Iraq. He also opposes legal prohibitions against pornography, marijuana, recreational drugs, gambling, ticket scalping, prostitution, polygamy, and assisted suicide, and believes most abortions should be legal. He has said he supports the rule of law, gun rights, pollution control, and lower and simpler taxes. He has endorsed or explored various ideas in his specials and on his TV series for changing the tax system, including switching to a flat tax, and replacing the income tax with the FairTax.

Stossel argues that a country needs to have police and a national defense as laid out by the United States Constitution. Stossel acknowledges that Scandinavian countries have large welfare states, but says that they can only afford them "because they have a homogeneous culture and they have a fairly free private market to pay for it" while also noting that they have no government-mandated minimum wage.

When the Department of Labor reissued federal guidelines in April 2010 governing the employment of unpaid interns under the Fair Labor Standards Act based on a 1947 Supreme Court decision, Stossel criticized the guidelines, appearing in a police uniform during an appearance on the Fox News program America Live, commenting, "I've built my career on unpaid interns, and the interns told me it was great – I learned more from you than I did in college." Asked why he did not pay them if they were so valuable, he said he could not afford to.

Stossel is a faculty member of the Charles Koch Institute.

Stossel has advocated in favor of abolishing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

On April 1, 2016, Stossel moderated the first-ever nationally televised Libertarian presidential debate. The second part of the debate aired on April 8. On May 21, 2020, he moderated the Libertarian Party National Convention Presidential Debate between Jacob Hornberger, Vermin Supreme, Jo Jorgensen, Jim Gray, and John Monds.

Science
In 2001, the progressive media watchdog organization FAIR criticized Stossel's reportage of global warming in his documentary, Tampering with Nature, accusing it of using "highly selective...information" that placed undue emphasis on three dissenters from among the 2,000 members of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which had recently released a report stating that global temperatures were rising almost twice as fast as previously thought.

In December 2014, Stossel stated that "There is no good data showing secondhand smoke kills people." The fact-checker website Politifact rated this statement "False", citing considerable levels of scientific research showing that secondhand smoke has caused deaths.

Praise and criticism

Awards
As of 2001, Stossel had won 19 Emmy Awards. He was honored five times for excellence in consumer reporting by the National Press Club, has received a George Polk Award for Outstanding Local Reporting and a Peabody Award. On April 23, 2012, Stossel was awarded the Chapman University Presidential Medal, by the current president, James Doti, and chancellor, Danielle Struppa. The award has been presented to only a handful of people over the past 150 years. Stossel received an honorary doctorate from Universidad Francisco Marroquín.

Praise
In promotional copy for one of Stossel's books, the Nobel Prize–winning Chicago School monetarist economist Milton Friedman wrote: "Stossel is that rare creature, a TV commentator who understands economics, in all its subtlety." Steve Forbes, the editor of Forbes magazine, described Stossel as "one of America's ablest and most courageous journalists." The author P. J. O'Rourke said, "He seeks the truths that destroy truisms, wields reason against all that's unreasonable, and uses and upholds the ideals that puncture sanctimonious idealism".

An article published by the libertarian group Advocates for Self Government notes praise for Stossel. Independent Institute Research Analyst Anthony Gregory, writing on the libertarian blog LewRockwell.com, described Stossel as a "heroic rogue... a media maverick and proponent of freedom in an otherwise statist, conformist mass media." Libertarian investment analyst Mark Skousen said Stossel is "a true libertarian hero".

Criticism and controversy
Progressive organizations such as Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) and Media Matters for America (MMfA) have criticized Stossel's work, for what they described as a lack of balance of coverage and distortion of facts on his part. For example, Stossel was criticized for a segment on his October 11, 1999, show during which he argued that AIDS research has received too much funding, "25 times more than on Parkinson's, which kills more people." FAIR pointed out that AIDS had in fact killed more people in the United States in 1999.

In a February 2000 Salon feature on Stossel titled "Prime-time propagandist", David Mastio wrote that Stossel has a conflict of interest in donating profits from his public speaking engagements to, among others, a non-profit called "Stossel in the Classroom" which includes material for use in schools, some of which uses material made by Stossel.

University of Texas economist James K. Galbraith has alleged that Stossel, in his September 1999 special Is America #1?, used an out-of-context clip of Galbraith to convey the notion that Galbraith advocated the adoption by Europe of the free market economics practiced by the United States, when in fact Galbraith actually advocated that Europe adopt some of the United States' social benefit transfer mechanisms such as Social Security, which is the economically opposite view. Stossel denied any misrepresentation of Galbraith's views and stated that it was not his intention to convey that Galbraith agreed with all of the special's ideas. However, he re-edited that portion of the program for its September 2000 repeat, in which Stossel paraphrased, "Even economists who like Europe's policies, like James Galbraith, now acknowledge America's success."

David Schultz incident
On December 28, 1984, during an interview for 20/20 on professional wrestling, wrestler David Schultz struck Stossel twice after Stossel said professional wrestling was "fake". Stossel said he suffered from pain and buzzing in his ears eight weeks after the assault. Stossel sued and obtained a settlement of $280,000 from the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). In his book, Myths, Lies, and Downright Stupidity, Stossel noted his regret, believing lawsuits harm innocent people. Schultz maintains that he attacked Stossel on orders from Vince McMahon, the head of the then-WWF. This was later re-visited on the second season episode of Dark Side of the Ring, aired on April 28, 2020.

Organic vegetables
A February 2000 story about organic vegetables on 20/20 included statements by Stossel that tests had shown that neither organic nor conventional produce samples contained any pesticide residue, and that organic food was more likely to be contaminated by E. coli bacteria. The Environmental Working Group objected to his report, mainly questioning his statements about bacteria, but also managed to determine that the produce had never been tested for pesticides. They communicated this to Stossel, but after the story's producer backed Stossel's statement that the test results had been as described, the story was rebroadcast months later, unchanged, and with a postscript in which Stossel reiterated his claim. Later, after a report in The New York Times confirmed the Environmental Working Group's claims, ABC News suspended the producer of the segment for a month and reprimanded Stossel. Stossel apologized, saying that he had thought the tests had been conducted as reported. However, he asserted that the gist of his report had been accurate.

Frederick K. C. Price
In a March 2007 segment about finances and lifestyles of televangelists, 20/20 aired a segment by Stossel that included a clip of television minister Frederick K. C. Price, which had originally been broadcast by the Lifetime Network in 1997. Price alleged that the clip portrayed him describing his wealth in extravagant terms, when he was actually telling a parable about a rich man. ABC News twice aired a retraction and apologized for the error. The suit concluded with an out of court settlement including a public apology by ABC.

Lawsuit against fact-checkers
In September 2021, Stossel sued Facebook, alleging defamation for labels applied by fact checkers to two of his videos, but his lawsuit was dismissed in October 2022. The fact-checking organizations Science Feedback and Climate Feedback were also named as defendants in Stossel's lawsuit. Stossel's video titled "Government Fueled Fires" had been labeled on Facebook as "missing context" and "misleading", and another video titled "Are We Doomed?" had been labeled as "partly false" and "factual inaccuracies". Stossel's lawsuit said that the labels harmed his viewership, advertisement revenue, and reputation, and that Facebook and its fact-checking partners "falsely attributed to Stossel a claim he never made". In the first video, Stossel featured a guest who opined that climate change was not the primary cause of the 2020 California fires. In the second video, Stossel questioned statements made by those he refers to as "environmental alarmists", including "claims that hurricanes are getting stronger, that sea level rise poses a catastrophic threat, and that humans will be unable to cope with the fallout." A Facebook spokesperson called Stossel's lawsuit "without merit", and Facebook attorneys said in 2021 that "The labels themselves are neither false nor defamatory; to the contrary, they constitute protected opinion." In October 2022, a federal court dismissed Stossel's lawsuit, saying that Facebook did not defame him because the Facebook fact check program "reflects a subjective judgment about the accuracy and reliability of assertions". The court also ruled that Stossel's lawsuit could be dismissed under California's anti-SLAPP statute.

Personal life
Stossel lives in New York City with his wife, Ellen Abrams and children, Lauren and Max. They also own a home in Massachusetts.

Stossel came to embrace his family's Ashkenazi Jewish heritage after marrying his wife, who is also Jewish. They also raised their children Jewish. Stossel identified himself as an agnostic in "Skeptic or Believer", the December 16, 2010 episode of Stossel, explaining that he had no belief in God but was open to the possibility.

Stossel's brother, Thomas P. Stossel, was a Harvard Medical School professor and co-director of the Hematology Division at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital. He has served on the advisory boards of pharmaceutical companies such as Merck and Pfizer. Stossel's nephew is journalist and magazine editor Scott Stossel.

On April 20, 2016, Stossel announced he had lung cancer despite never having smoked, and that as a result of its early detection, he would have a fifth of one of his lungs surgically removed.

Books

See also
 List of newspaper columnists

References

External links

Stossel TV YouTube Channel

Biographies and articles about Stossel
 ABC News Biography
 Johnson, Peter. "Stossel's evolution from activist to contrarian angers some of his fans", USA Today, April 30, 2006
 Sullum, Jacob. "Risky Journalism: ABC's John Stossel bucks a fearful establishment" Reason, April 1997.

Articles by Stossel
 John Stossel's 20/20 Web Page
 John Stossel's Newspaper Columns
 John Stossel's Column on Creators.com

1947 births
Living people
ABC News personalities
American agnostics
American anti-communists
American columnists
American former Protestants
American libertarians
American people of German-Jewish descent
American political commentators
American skeptics
Fox Business people
Fox News people
George Polk Award recipients
Jewish agnostics
News & Documentary Emmy Award winners
New Trier High School alumni
Peabody Award winners
Princeton University alumni
Television anchors from Portland, Oregon

John Stossel


Ashok Aklujkar is a Sanskritist and Indologist.  He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Asian Studies at the University of British Columbia. There he taught courses in Sanskrit language and in the related mythological and philosophical literatures (occasionally also in Indian belles lettres in general) from 1969 to 2006. Advanced students have worked under his guidance in the areas of Buddhist and Hindu philosophy, religion, and mythology. His published research is mostly in the areas of Sanskrit linguistic tradition and poetics. He has been a visiting professor at Hamburg, Harvard, Rome, Kyoto, Paris, Oxford and Marburg. He is most well known as the author of the textbook Sanskrit: an Easy Introduction to an Enchanting Language, Richmond, BC: Svādhyāya Publications, most recent edition in 2005. He received an honorary D.Litt from the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi in 2012.

Biography
Ashok Aklujkar, the author of Sanskrit: an Easy Introduction to an Enchanting Language, received his M.A. degree in Sanskrit and Pali from the University of Poona and his Ph.D. degree in Sanskrit and Indian Studies from Harvard University. He taught courses in Sanskrit language and in the related mythological and philosophical literatures (occasionally also in Indian belles lettres in general) at the University of British Columbia between 1969 and 2001. His published research is mostly in the areas of Sanskrit linguistic tradition and poetics. For the last several years he is engaged in the ambitious project of preparing critical editions of the works of Bhartṛhari, a grammarian-philosopher, and of the commentaries elucidating those works. Advanced students have worked under Aklujkar's guidance in the areas of Buddhist and Brahmanical philosophy, religion, and mythology.

Education
 Sir Parashurambhau College, University of Poona, B.A., 1962.
 University of Poona, M.A., 1964.
 Harvard University, Ph.D., 1970.

Service in professional and learned societies
 Head of the Department of Asian Studies, 1980–1985
 Creator of funds to enable extraordinary students to work as research or teaching assistants and to participate in learned society meetings.
 Founder, Canadian Association of Sanskrit and Related Studies, Secretary-Treasurer and Newsletter editor for most years.
 Member, Consultative Committee, International Association of Sanskrit Studies, 1978–present.
 Sectional Chairman, South Asia, and member board of directors, American Oriental Society, 1980-85.
 Member Board of  Governors, Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute, 1985-90.

Academic or professional awards and distinctions
 American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship, 1973-74.
 Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Fellowship, 1973–74 (declined), 78-79, 98-99, 2007.
 Canada Council = later Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, leave fellowships and research grants.
 University of British Columbia, Senior Killam Fellowship, 1978–79, 1987-88.
 "Hamburg (Humboldt Stiftung), Harvard (Infinity Foundation), Rome, Kyoto, Oxford (Shivadasani), Marburg (Mercator), and Pune (Khyentse Foundation)
 Honoured as Vidyā-sāgara by Samskrta Mandakini Association, New Delhi at the 10th World Sanskrit Conference, 1997, and as Vyākaraṇa-prabhākara at the 18th International Congress of Vedanta, 2008.
 World Sanskrit Award 2018, the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), at Jawaharlal Nehru Bhawan in New Delhi on March 7, 2019.

Professional service and experience
 Speaker and producer on topics of Sanskritic interest, All India Radio, Poona/Pune, 1959–65, 1988, 1993.
 Associate Editor of the Sanskrit periodical Śāradā, 1959-65.
 Invited lectures at most institutions recognised as seats of Indological studies: Harvard, Oxford, Paris, Tuebingen, Heidelberg, Goettingen, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Rome, Kyoto, Tokyo, Seattle, Varanasi, Poona/Pune, Madras/Chennai, Mumbai, Tirupati,  Baroda, etc.
 Read papers frequently at the International Congress of Orientalists, Annual meetings of the American Oriental Society, World Sanskrit Conferences, International Congress of Vedanta, etc.

Major publications

Books
 Appā-śāstrī sāhitya-samīkṣā, 1965; Sanskrit: an Easy Introduction to an Enchanting Language,1992, with many reprints;
 The Theory of Nipātas (Particles) in Yāska's Nirukta, 1999;
 Linguistic Traditions of Kashmir (with Mrinal Kaul), 2008.

Research articles
More than 90 research articles and 19 long reviews in The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Wiener Zeitschrift der Kunde Suedasiens, Indo-Iranian Journal, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Adyar Library Bulletin, etc.

About 56 poems, light essays, editorials, etc. in Sanskrit and Marathi in Bhārata-vāṇī, Śāradā, Saṁskṛta-pratibhā, Ekatā etc.  About 18 books, with 12 of them concerning Bhartr-hari, a grammarian-philosopher, within range of completion. Several articles that would ultimately change some of the paradigms of Indological research are in the press or will soon be sent for publication.

References
 University of British Columbia, Ashok Aklujkar, Ph.D.
 Digital commons, Saṃskṛta-Sādhutā 'Goodness of Sanskrit': Studies in Honour of Professor Ashok Aklujkar

Living people
Sanskrit scholars from Maharashtra
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
Indologists
Harvard University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

Ashok Aklujkar


Located in north Pinellas County, Florida, approximately thirty miles northwest of Tampa, Tarpon Springs Greektown Historic District is a U.S. historic district. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 2, 2014.

Tarpon Springs' Greektown District is a traditional cultural property that preserves a strong ethnic and maritime character.  The District measures about 140 acres.  The primary area is bounded by the Anclote River on the north, Tarpon Avenue and Spring Bayou on the south, Hibiscus and Pinellas Streets on the east; and Roosevelt and Grand Boulevards to Spring Bayou on the west—see the maps and inventory for details.  The architectural resources have historic integrity.  They convey a distinctive sense of place and ethnic heritage, with commercial, industrial, residential, and religion-based buildings as well as boats, generally developed without the benefit of architectural plans.

The Greektown District was the first Traditional Cultural Property listed in the State of Florida.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Tarpon Springs, Florida
2014 establishments in Florida


Green Snake, known in China as White Snake 2: The Tribulation of the Green Snake (), is a 2021 Chinese computer animation fantasy film directed by Amp Wong, with animation production by Light Chaser Animation, Alibaba Pictures, Tianjin Maoyan Weiying Culture Media and Bilibili. It is the sequel to 2019's White Snake. The film was inspired by the Chinese folktale Legend of the White Snake and was released in China on 23 July 2021.

Synopsis
Verta the green snake-demon must find a way to escape from the modern Shura City of mortals, in order to rescue her elder sister Blanca the White Snake from the demon-slaying monk Fahai without her demonic abilities.

Plot
At Zhenjiang, China, the snake-demon sisters, Blanca the white snake and Verta the green snake, challenge the demon-slaying monk, Fahai, to rescue Blanca's husband, Xu Xian. They are defeated, Blanca's hairpin wand gets destroyed and she gets imprisoned under Leifeng Pagoda. Verta blames Xian for being weak and useless, as well as Blanca for falling for him. Verta gets overpowered again and gets sucked into a portal.

Verta wakes up, without her demonic powers, in a modern dystopian city called Asuraville, a place that imprisons creatures from many different eras. She meets a woman named Sun, who helps her adjust to the modern world, and a mysterious masked man with amnesia, who saves them. The main enemies in Asuraville are an army of Ox-Heads & Horse-Faces, led by the Ox Leader who seeks to conquer the city. Sun is killed by the Ox's army, but Verta is saved by the Raksha army, led by a man named Simon, whom Verta gets smitten with.

Simon takes her to All-Good Market to meet the owner, who turns out to be the fox-demon. Verta also meets the masked man again. The fox-demon explains that everyone gets sent here because they have an obsession. The only way to leave is to let it go by discarding their token and jumping into the Pool of Release, but it makes you forget what you cared about and drains your will. Not wanting to forget Blanca, Verta doesn't do it, while the masked man can't remember his obsession. She lets him join them in gratitude for saving her.

Back at Raksha territory, the Ox's army kills Simon's army. While outrunning some evil spirits, the masked man gets stuck and Verta tries to help him, but Simon abandons them upon seeing them as dead weight. The pair survive anyway. Verta learns a lesson that in love strength doesn't matter, having a good heart does, accepting that her sister was right. The masked man removes his mask, revealing his face resembles Blanca, indicating that he's a reincarnation of her from another era. They go back to the market, with Simon there too, to ask the fox-demon for an alternate way of getting out. She tells them about the Wish Bridge, which is harder, but doesn't cost anything. The Ox's army invades the market. Simon apologizes to Verta and attempts to fight the Ox. He dealt what should have been the decisive blow but it is revealed that the Ox has an impenetrable barrier placed on him by Fahai, and gets killed. Then, the masked man's Blanca face is revealed to be a fake, given by the Ox to use him as a spy. Verta then decides to stop relying on others and focus on getting stronger herself. Despite Verta's anger, the masked man proves he's still on her side.

On a bus to the Wish Bridge, Verta must first survive the Black Wind Tunnel to make it crossable. In the tunnel, she battles Fahai for 20 years (1 day in Asuraville) until she kills him and destroys the Pagoda, thus ensuring Blanca's freedom in the human world. The pair race to the bridge against the Ox, now without Fahai's protection, who gets bitten and turned into an evil spirit. When they almost don't make it, the masked man lets himself become an evil spirit so he can fly Verta to the exit, sacrificing himself. All she takes with her is his bone flute.

Back in the human world, 1,000 years have passed and Verta still can't find Blanca. She sees the Pagoda has been rebuilt and its treasures have been put in an exhibition. She finds the pieces of Blanca's hairpin with one missing. She reclaims the pieces, puts them together, and adds the bone flute to it, restoring it. Verta realizes the masked man was a reincarnation of Blanca after all and she was his obsession. As she cries, a female voice says her name. Verta happily sees its Blanca.

In the mid-credits scene, the fox-demon meets with the river monster under the same bridge, where he gives her a severed fox tail. She states that her enemy is near and she must plot her revenge.

Cast
 Tang Xiaoxi (Mandarin), Vivian Lu (English), Hiroko Watanabe (Japanese) as Verta (  "Little Green")
 Wai Wai as the Masked Man
 Wei Chao (Mandarin), Jason Jin (English) as Sima (Simon)
 Zhao Mingzhou as Niutou Sect leader
 Xiaopu Zheng (Mandarin), Faye Mata (English), Aoi Yūki (Japanese) as Baoqing Fox
 Song Xuchen as Fahai ()
 Qiu Qiu as Sister Sun
 Zhang Biyu as the Spider Goblin
 Zhang Zhe (Mandarin), Stephanie Sheh (English), Suzuko Mimori (Japanese) as Blanca (  "Little White")
 Yang Tianxiang as Xu Xian
 Lin Qiang as the Scholar
 Baomu Zhongyang as the Muscle Man

Release
Green Snake was released throughout China on 23 July 2021. As of 1 December 2021, it's available on Netflix in the U.S.

Reception
Green Snake earned a total of 200 million yuan ($30.86 million) in its first three days of release.

Accolades

References

External links

2021 films
2021 computer-animated films
2020s Mandarin-language films
Chinese animated fantasy films
Chinese computer-animated films
Films based on the Legend of the White Snake
Films set in Zhejiang
2021 fantasy films
Light Chaser Animation Studios films
Animated films set in China

Green Snake (2021 film)


The Fântâna Albă massacre took place on 1 April 1941 in Northern Bukovina when up to 3,000 civilians were killed when their attempt to cross the border from the Soviet Union to Romania, near the village of Fântâna Albă, now in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, was met with open fire by the Soviet Border Troops. Although according to Soviet official reports no more than 44 civilians were killed, local witnesses assert a much higher toll, stating that survivors were tortured, killed, or buried in mass graves. Other survivors were taken away to be tortured and killed at the hands of the NKVD, the Soviet secret police. Some sources refer to this massacre as "the Romanian Katyn".

In 2011, the Chamber of Deputies of Romania adopted a law establishing 1 April as the National Day honoring the memory of Romanian victims of massacres at Fântâna Albă, Lunca, and other areas, of deportations, of hunger, and other forms of repression organized by the Soviet regime in Hertsa (now Ukraine), northern Bukovina, and Bessarabia.

Background

In late June 1940, Romania was forced to withdraw from a territory inhabited by 3.76 million people, submitting to an ultimatum by the Soviet Union; see Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. The Romanian administration and military were evacuated, while the Red Army and the NKVD quickly occupied the land. Many families were caught by surprise by the rapid sequence of events, and had members on both sides of the new border. Therefore, many tried to cross the border, with or without official permission. According to official Soviet data, in the area patrolled by the 97th Unit of the Soviet Border Troops, 471 people had crossed the border illegally from the districts of Hlyboka, Hertsa, Putila, and Storozhynets. The zone assigned to this unit extended from the border to about  south of Chernivtsi.

From the more remote areas of Chernivtsi Oblast (the northern portion of the acquired territories that were included in the USSR), such as the districts of Vashkivtsi, Zastavna, Novoselytsia, Sadhora, and Chernivtsi-rural, 628 people crossed the border to find refuge in Romania. This phenomenon cut across all ethnic and social groups in the occupied territories. A Ukrainian scholar estimated the number of refugees to Romania during the first year of Soviet administration at 7,000.

The Soviet authorities' reaction to this phenomenon was twofold. First, border patrol efforts were strengthened. Second, lists were made of families that had one or more members which had fled to Romania, and thus were considered "traitors of the Motherland", therefore subject to labor camp deportation. On 1 January 1941, the lists made by the 97th Unit of the Soviet Border Guards mentioned 1,085 persons. Tables for other localities included names for 1,294 people (on 7 December 1940). At this point, even people who were merely suspected of intending to flee to Romania began to be included.

On 19 November 1940, 40 families (a total of 105 people) from the village of Suceveni, also carrying 20 guns, tried to cross the frontier at Fântâna Albă. At night, a battle ensued with the Soviet border guards, during which 3 people were killed, 2 were wounded and captured by the Soviets, while the rest of the group (including 5 wounded) managed to arrive in Rădăuți, on the other side of the border. However, in short order, the relatives of those 105 people were all arrested and deported to Siberia.

In January 1941, over 100 villagers from Mahala, Ostrița, Horecea and other villages successfully crossed the border and arrived in Romania. This gave confidence to other villagers. Consequently, a group of over 500 people from the villages of Mahala, Cotul Ostriței, Buda, Șirăuți, Horecea-Urbana, and Ostrița tried to cross to Romania during the night of 6 February 1941. However, they had been denounced to the authorities and were discovered by the border guards at 06:00. Volleys of machine gun fire from multiple directions resulted in numerous dead, including the organizers N. Merticar, N. Nica, and N. Isac. About 57 people managed to reach Romania, but 44 others were arrested and tried as "members of a counter-revolutionary organization". On 14 April 1941, the Kiev Military District Tribunal sentenced 12 of them to death, while the other 32 were sentenced to 10 years forced labor and 5 years of loss of civic rights each. As had been the case before, all the family members of these "traitors to the Motherland" were also arrested and deported to Siberia.

The massacre
On 1 April 1941, approximately 2,000 to 2,500 or 3,000 unarmed people from several villages (Pătrăuții de Sus, Pătrăuții de Jos, Cupca, Corcești, and Suceveni), carrying a white flag and religious symbols, walked together towards the new Soviet-Romanian border. There were rumors circulating that the Soviets would now permit crossing to Romania; research by Ukrainian historians indicate such rumours had been spread by the Romanian intelligence services, which had sent agents across the Soviet border. The Soviet border guards attempted to turn back the group several times, issuing a final verbal warning and firing shots in the air when the people arrived at Varnystia, near the border. After the convoy pressed on, the border guards began to shoot, reportedly after some members of the group fired. At around 7pm, a group of about 100–120 people from Carapciu, Iordănești, and Prisăcăreni were attacked on the outskirts of Suceveni; 24 of them were killed and another 43 wounded. A partial listing of the victims which were later identified:
From Carapciu: Nicolae Corduban, Teodor Dabâca, Cosma Opaiț, Gheorghe Opaiț, Vasile Opaiț, Cosma Tovarnițchi, Ilie Tovarnițchi, Gheorghe Tovarnițchi, Traian Tovarnițchi, Vasile Tovarnițchi.
From Cupca: Ioan Belmega, Gheorghe Bicer, Ioan Dușceac, Ioan Gaza, Arcadie Plevan, Mihai Țugui.
From Dimca (Trestiana): Petre Cimbru, Vasile Cimbru, Nicolae Drevariuc, Petre Jianu.
From Iordănești: Gheorghe A. Carp, Mihai Corduban, Dumitru Halac, Ion Halac, Nicolae Halac, Dumitru Opaiț, Constantin Molnar.
From Pătrăuții de Jos: Zaharia Boiciu, Ana Feodoran, Gheorghe Feodoran, Nicolae Feodoran, Teodor Feodoran, Maftei Gavriliuc, Simion Liciman, Ion Pătrăuceanu, Ștefan Pavel, Rahila Pojoga, Petru Popescu, Pavel Savu.
From Pătrăuții de Sus: Constantin Cuciureanu, Gheorghe Moțoc, Arcadie Ursulean, Varvara Ursulean.
From Petriceni: Cozma Botariu, Gheorghe Lazurca.
From Suceveni: Dragoș Bostan, Titiana Lupăștean, Ilie Mihailovici, Gheorghe Sidoreac, Vasile Sidoreac, Constantin Sucevean.
Other people shot and killed that day: Ion Cobliuc, Petru Costaș, Ion Hudima, Petru Palahniuc.

The exact death toll remains a matter of controversy. According to the Soviet official report, casualty figures amounted to 44 people (17 from Pătrăuții de Jos, 12 from Trestiana, 5 each from Cupca and Suceveni, 3 from Pătrăuții de Sus, 2 from Oprișeni), although the numbers were higher according to survivor testimonies. Moldovan political scientist Aurelian Lavric estimates that, from the initial group of 2,000 people who came to Fântâna Albă that day, some 200 were killed directly by gunfire, and many more wounded, with an additional 24 killed and 43 wounded from a separate group of 100 persons from Carapciu, Iordănești, and Prisăcăreni. Ukrainian historian Serhiy Hakman on the other hand estimates around 50 killed and many wounded. According to eyewitness accounts, some of the wounded were caught afterwards, tied to horses and dragged to previously excavated common graves, where they were killed with shovels or buried alive. Other wounded were brought to the Hlyboka NKVD headquarters, where they were tortured and many died. Some of the latter were taken after being tortured to the city's Jewish cemetery, and thrown alive into a common grave, over which quicklime was poured.

An account of the events is given by one of the few surviving eyewitnesses, Gheorghe Mihailiuc (born in 1925, now a retired high-school teacher), in his book, Dincolo de cuvintele rostite ("Beyond spoken words"), published in 2004 by Vivacitas, in Hlyboka. Mihailiuc describes what happened at Fântâna Albă on 1 April 1941, as a "massacre", a "genocide", and a "slaughter". Professor Ion Varta from Chișinău is of the opinion that "the Romanians from Bucovina were lured into a trap, in order to give an exemplary lesson to all those who wanted to cross the border into Romania. Horror and fear had to enter their bones, so that in the future they would no longer nurture such a desire."

After the massacre, many participants and family members were arrested and either executed, incarcerated, or deported to Siberia or Kazakhstan. The Soviet authorities accused 22 people of instigating the march to the border on April 1, 1941. Vasile Grijincu was sentenced to death, and his wife and 8 children were deported to Kazakhstan; others were sentenced by a military court to either 10 years of hard labor (Ioan Boiciuc, Constantin Coroamă, Ilie Dâca, Teodor Dâca, Teodor Comarița, Ilie Cuciureanu, Nicolae Motrescu, Vasile Onifriciuc, Gheorghe Pojoga, Nicolae Pojoga, Petru Pojoga, Simion Pojoga, Gheorghe Popescu, Ioan Popescu, and Ilie Vasca) or 8 years of hard labor (Teodor Clingher, Cosma Crâsneanu, Orest Dugan, Petru Schipor, and Vasile Zmoșu). Out of the 22 convicted persons, 19 died in the camps and only three (Teodor Dâca, Orest Dugan, and Ilie Vasca) returned home in 1961.

Aftermath and larger context

During 1940–1941, between 11,000 and 13,000 Bukovinians (mostly, but not only ethnic Romanians) were deported to Siberia and the Gulag, 1,421 of them dying in the camps. As a result of immigration, deportations and killings, the Romanian population of the Chernivtsi region dropped by more than 75,000 between the Romanian 1930 census and the first Soviet census of 1959. It has been claimed that these persecutions were part of a program of deliberate extermination, planned and executed by the Soviet regime.

According to Ukrainian political scientist Marin Gherman, Soviet narratives about the Fântâna Albă massacre had two main objectives — to obscure the details of the slaughter and to present it as an action of the Romanian and German intelligence services — so as to absolve the Soviet authorities of responsibility. Gherman points out that these narratives continue to this day: in March 2021, the Facebook page of the Chernivtsi Regional State Administration published a video about the massacre, stating that only 50 people were killed, omitting the fact that these were ethnic Romanians, and labelling the action "a planned and deliberate act of defiance by the Romanian secret service against the inhabitants of Bukovina." In rebuttal, MEP Eugen Tomac stated that those who produced the video claiming that only 50 citizens were killed at Fântâna Albă were inspired by Stalin's theses, and denounced this fact as unacceptable.

On 1 April 2016, the 75th anniversary of the massacre, a ceremony was held in Fântâna Albă, with the participation of the Governor of Chernivtsi Oblast, the abbot of Putna Monastery, and several Romanian officials, including Dan Stoenescu and Viorel Badea. In an interview, Stoenescu stated that "this tragedy of the Romanian people was followed by other retaliations as the one in 1941 when other thousands of Romanians of Bukovina, many of them being the relatives of the victims of Fântâna Albă massacre, were taken away from their houses and deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan."

See also
Lunca massacre
List of massacres in the Soviet Union
Katyn massacre
Tatarka common graves

Notes

References and sources
  Vasile Ilica, "Martiri și mărturii din nordul Bucovinei (Fântâna Albă-Suceveni-Lunca-Crasna-Ijești...)", Oradea, 2003
  Vasile Mănescu, "Masacrul de la Fîntîna Albă", Monitorul de Neamț, 4 April 2006

External links

Mass murder in 1941
1941 in Romania
1941 in Ukraine
Massacres in 1941
Romania–Soviet Union relations
Massacres in the Soviet Union
Massacres in Ukraine
Massacres in Romania
NKVD
History of Bukovina
History of Chernivtsi Oblast
Romania in World War II
1941 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Anti-communism in Moldova
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Soviet World War II crimes
April 1941 events
Massacres of Romanians

Fântâna Albă massacre


A field gun is a field artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany a field army on the march, that when in combat could be moved about the battlefield in response to changing circumstances (field artillery), as opposed to guns installed in a fort (garrison artillery or coastal artillery), or to siege cannons and mortars which are too large to be moved quickly, and would be used only in a prolonged siege.

Perhaps the most famous use of the field gun in terms of advanced tactics was Napoleon Bonaparte's use of very large wheels on the guns that allowed them to be moved quickly even during a battle. By moving the guns from point-to-point during a battle, enemy formations could be broken up to be handled by the infantry or cavalry wherever they were massing, dramatically increasing the overall effectiveness of the attack.

World War I

As the evolution of artillery continued, almost all guns of any size became capable of being moved at some speed. With few exceptions, even the largest siege weapons had become mobile by road or rail by the start of World War I, and evolution after that point tended to be towards smaller weapons with increased mobility. Even the German super-heavy guns in World War II were rail or caterpillar-track mobile.

In British use, a field gun was anything up to around 4.5 inches in calibre, larger guns were medium and the largest guns were heavy.

World War II
Since about the start of World War II, the term has been applied to long-range artillery pieces that fire at a relatively low angle, as opposed to howitzers which can fire at higher angles. Field guns also lack a specialized purpose, such as anti-tank or coastal artillery. By the later stages of World War II the majority of artillery in use was either in the form of howitzers of 105 mm to 155 mm, or in form of hybrid anti-tank/field guns that had high enough muzzle velocity to be used in both roles. The most common field guns of the era were the British 5.5 inch, the American 155 mm Long Tom (a development of a French World War I weapon) and the Soviet BS-3 - an artillery piece adapted from a naval gun and designed to double up as an anti-tank weapon.

One of the most produced field guns during the war was the Soviet 76 mm ZiS-3 with over 103,000 produced. The ZiS-3 could be used in direct fire against armored vehicles, direct fire in infantry support, and indirect fire against distant targets.

1960s and 1970s
The U.S. Army tried the long-range gun again from the early 1960s to the late 1970s with the M107 175 mm gun. The M107 was used extensively in the Vietnam War and proved effective in artillery duels with the North Vietnamese forces. It was considered a high-maintenance item and was removed from service with U.S. forces after a rash of cracked barrels. Production of the M107 continued until 1980 and the gun is still in service with the Israeli military. Reserve stocks are held by other former users such as the People's Army of Vietnam.

Modern times
Since the 1980s and 1990s, the field gun has been rarely used in combat. The class of small and highly mobile artillery has been filled with increasing capacity by the man-portable mortar in 60  or 81 mm/82 mm calibre and has replaced every artillery piece smaller than 100 mm. Gun-howitzers fill the middle ground, with the world rapidly standardizing on either the 155 mm NATO or 152 mm Russian (former USSR) standards. The need for a long-range weapon is filled by rockets, missiles, and aircraft. Modern gun-artillery such as the L118 105 mm light gun or the M119 105 mm howitzer are used to provide fire support for infantry and armour at ranges where mortars are impractical. Man-packed mortars lack the range or hitting power of gun-artillery. In between is the rifled towed mortar; this weapon (usually in 120 mm calibre) is light enough to be towed by a truck or SUV, has a range of over 7.5 km and fires a projectile comparable in destructive power to a 152 mm/155 mm artillery shell.

See also
 List of field guns

References

External links
 Field Gun Image Gallery - Royal Naval Museum's Sea Your History website
 Pictures of Vickers field guns
 The Royal Navy's field gun competition
 Portsmouth Action Field Gun - civilians in Portsmouth still running the ex-Royal Navy Command Field Gun run
 COMMAND100 - Centenary of Inter Command Field Gun

Cannon
Field artillery

Field gun


Roberto Previtali  (born 3 August 1981) is a former Italian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Club career

Early career
Born in Trescore Balneario, the Province of Bergamo, Previtali started his professional career with Atalanta. He made his Serie A debut on 22 April 2001  against Perugia. He started that match and the Bergamo side 2-2 draw with Perugia away. Previtali graduated from the Primavera under-20 team in June and left for Serie C1 side Lumezzane on loan in July, along with Mauro Minelli, which also located in Lombardy region. His loan with Lumezzane was extended but in August 2002 left for his former club Alzano Virescit, which also a Serie C1 and Lombardy club.

In summer 2003 he left for Serie C1 side Spezia in co-ownership deal, along with Federico Pettinà. In exchange, Nicola Mingazzini joined opposite side for undisclosed fee and in co-ownership deal.

In June 2004, Spezia bought the remain registration rights of the players from Atalanta . But in July 2004, he was sold back to the Province of Bergamo for Serie B side AlbinoLeffe.

AlbinoLeffe
In the first 2 seasons with AlbinoLeffe, he was not the regular starter. He made a break through in 2006-07 season, made 26 league appearances (which started 22 of them). But in 2007-08 season, he just made 7 league appearances (plus 1 in playoffs, total 8), which that season was the best season of AlbinoLeffe in recent years, finished the 4th and as the losing side of promotion playoffs.

In 2008–09 and 2009–10 season, he re–gained his regular place, started 52 league matches in possible 82 matches, and also made 7 substitute appearances. he missed a few games in 2011–12 Serie B due to injury. After the club relegated and was fined heavily due to involvement in 2011 Italian football scandal, he left for fellow third division club Cremonese. On 30 January 2013 he terminated the contract in order to re-join AlbinoLeffe.

International career
Previtali was a member of the Italy national under–20 football team, and made 2 appearances for the side in the Four Nations Tournament.

References

External links
 Lega Serie B Profile
 La Gazzetta dello Sport Profile (2009–10 season)
 AlbinoLeffe Profile (2008–09)
 Football.it Profile

 FIGC national team data

Italian men's footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
SSD Virtus CiseranoBergamo 1909 players
Atalanta BC players
FC Lumezzane players
Spezia Calcio players
UC AlbinoLeffe players
Italy men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
People from Trescore Balneario
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Bergamo

Roberto Previtali


The Arjuna Award, officially known as Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Sports and Games, is the second-highest sporting honour of India, the highest being the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award. The award is named after Arjuna, one of the characters of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India. In Hinduism, he has been seen as a symbol of hard work, dedication and concentration. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Before the introduction of the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 1991–1992, the Arjuna award was the highest sporting honour of India. The nominations for the award are received from all government recognised National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India (SAI), the Sports Promotion and Control Boards, the state and the union territory governments and the Major Dhyan Chandra Khel Ratna, Arjuna, Dhyan Chand and Dronacharya awardees of the previous years. The recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honoured for their "good performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at the international level and for having shown "qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline." , the award comprises "a bronze statuette of Arjuna, certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash prize of ."

Instituted in 1961 to honour the outstanding sportspersons of the country, the award over the years has undergone a number of expansions, reviews and rationalizations. The award was expanded to include all the recognised disciplines in 1977,introduced indigenous games and physically handicapped categories in 1995 and introduced a lifetime contribution category in 1995 leading to creation of a separate Dhyan Chand Award in 2002. The latest revision in 2018 stipulates that the award is given only to the disciplines included in the events like Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World Championship and World Cup along with Cricket, Indigenous Games, and Parasports. It also recommends giving only fifteen awards in a year, relaxing in case of excellent performance in major multi-sport events, team sports, across gender and giving away of at least one award to physically challenged category.

History
Since the year 2001, the award is given only in disciplines falling under the following categories:
 Olympic Games / Asian Games / Commonwealth Games / World Cup / World Championship Disciplines and Cricket
 Indigenous Games
 Sports for the Physically Challenged

Lists of recipients

By year

By sport

Olympic sports

Non Olympic sports

Parasports

 Parasports

Explanatory notes

References

External links

Indian sports trophies and awards

Awards established in 1961
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports

Arjuna Award


Merthen Manor (, meaning sea fort) is a 16th-century manor house in west Cornwall, England, UK. For most of its history it has been in the ownership of the prominent Cornish family, the Vyvyan family. The house is set in over  of woodland which, along with the shoreline of the Helford River, is designated as Merthen Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

History
The land of Merthen was originally part of the manor of Winnianton, which was given to Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall by his brother, Henry III, in 1225, who then swapped it with Gervase de Tintagel for Tintagel Castle. Ralph Reskymer obtained Merthen in the early part of the 15th century, and it became family seat of the Reskymers.

The current manor house is thought to have been built in 1575 by John Reskymer and his wife Grace, due to their coat of arms over the entrance, although it may originate earlier and the coat of arms are an indication a remodelling or reduction. Grace died in 1627, 10 years after her husband, and in 1629 it was sold to Sir Francis Vyvyan of Trelowarren and has remained with the family since.

In the early 19th century the house was remodelled again, and the interior was renovated in the 20th century.

Estate
In the early part of Merthen's history it was the prominent place of the parish and had a deer park.

Merthen Wood

The woods to the south of the manor house, on the banks of the Helford River, were designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1972 for their biological characteristics. The  site is of importance due to its population of Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea). Other notable species within the woods include the nationally uncommon Bastard Balm (Melittis melissophyllum) and the nationally rare mosses Fissidens curnowii and Hookeria lucens.

The woods are home to the largest British population of Anchonidium unguiculare rare weevil, which only exist in woodland along the Helford River within Britain.

Merthen Manor today
Merthen Manor, now owned by Mary Vyvyan, is a Grade II* listed building and provides bed & breakfast accommodation in the main house and self-catering accommodation in the converted barn.

References

External links
 Merthen Manor website

Country houses in Cornwall
Manors in Cornwall
Grade II* listed buildings in Cornwall
Grade II* listed houses
Houses completed in 1575
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cornwall
Nature Conservation Review sites
National Heritage List for England
Buildings and structures in Cornwall

Merthen Manor