Samuel Fuller (1580 - 1633) was a passenger on the 1620 voyage of the Pilgrim ship Mayflower and singed the Mayflower Compact. He became a respected church deacon and the physician for Plymouth Colony.

Fuller was a son of Robert Fuller, a butcher. He was baptized on January 20, 1580 at Redenhall, co. Norfolk, England.  He was a member of the Separatist religion which was not allowed in England.

In 1610, Fuller moved to Leiden, Netherlands.  He was a friend of Degory Priest and Sarah Allerton.  Sarah was the sister of Isaac Allerton. Fuller was an active church congregation member. In Leiden records Fuller was referred to as "a serge worker of London."

Samuel's wife and son died in 1615 and he married Bridget Lee.

Samuel Fuller helped to plan for the Separatists to move to the Colony of Virginia.  They made an agreement with the Virginia Company. Fuller, along with Edward Winslow, William Bradford and Isaac Allerton, sent a letter on June 10, 1620 to John Carver and Robert Cushman.  These men were in London and were also making plans for the voyage.  They learned that Thomas Weston and the Company had changed the agreement.  One of the changes was that the merchants would keep half of the houses and lands.  The pilgrims would also have one day off from work per week.  These problems were not solved until Robert Cushman arrived in the Fortune in November 1621.

Samuel Fuller learned about medicine before he traveled to the New World so that he could help the others if needed.  There would be no doctor on the Mayflower or at Plymouth Colony.

It is said that the town of Fullerton, North Dakota, is named after Samuel Fuller.

Mayflower Voyage

Samuel Fuller boarded the Mayflower with only his servant William Butten, leaving his wife behind in Leiden until he could get settled.  William Butten died before the Mayflower landed.

The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower spotted land. They landed on 21 November and wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. The Mayflower was supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

Plymouth Colony

Samuel's wife came on the ship Anne and in a few years Samuel would receive two acres of Land.  His wife Bridget received one acre of land near a pond.  In 1627, Samuel and his wife received several livestock for their farm.

In 1629, a group of people arrived led by John Endicott. They became sick and Fuller was sent to assist them. Endicott sent a letter of thanks to William Bradford.  He also helped people at Charleston when they were sick.

Not everyone thought Fuller was a good doctor.  In 1637, Thomas Morton, wrote a letter calling Fuller a quacksalver which is where the word "quack" comes from.

In the summer of 1633, Fuller fell ill with a sickness that had spread through Plymouth. Author Nathaniel Morton wrote about Samuel Fuller's in his 1669 New England's Memorial.  He praised Fuller and his work.

Fuller was married two times.  He married Sarah Dunthorne who was probably born in England in 1584.  His second wife was Bridget Lee who died in 1667.  He and Bridget had four children: Mercy and Samuel, Jr., unknown female and Elizabeth.

Samuel Fuller made out his will in 1633.  He said he was sick and weak.  Samuel Fuller died in 1633.

The burial place of Samuel Fuller is unknown.<ref>Memorial for Samuel Fuller [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=25352642] </ref>

 References

Further reading
Norman Gevitz, "Samuel Fuller of Plymouth Plantation: A 'Skillful Physician' or 'Quacksalver'?'", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 47 (1992): 29-48.
Arthur and Katherine Radasch, Mayflower Families for Five Generations: Francis Eaton, Samuel Fuller and William White, volume 1 (Plymouth: General Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1974)
Francis H. Fuller, Early New England Fullers'', New England Historical and Genealogical Register 55(1901):192-196.; 410-414
Will of Samuel Fuller
Pilgrim Hall Museum - Samuel Fuller

Mayflower passengers
1633 deaths
1580 births

Samuel Fuller


The Perfect City is a musical by Martin Coslett and Ross Clark, based on William Penn, the 17th-century London aristocrat and Quaker idealist who leaves his repressive home country behind to construct a utopian city in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Characters

 William Penn, the hero
 Gulielma Springett, good Quaker girl, soon to be William's wife
 Philip Ford, the Admiral's business adviser and William's unscrupulous agent
 Bridget, Philip Ford's maid and bedfellow
 Admiral Penn, King Charles II's retired Admiral of the Fleet
 Anthony, servant to William's father
 Algernon Sidney, a firebrand revolutionary
 Mary, Lord Baltimore's servant girl
 Lord Baltimore, a powerful landowner

Musical numbers

Act one

       Opening/Come to the Ball (Ensemble)
       Simple Lives (William, Guli)
       Salmon Sermon (George Fox, spoken)
       The Inner Light (George Fox)
       Simple Lives Reprise (William, Guli, Friends)
       You Are Not My Son (Admiral)/No Toleration (Mob)
       The Spice Of My Life (Ford, Bridget)
       The Perfect City: In Jail (William, Guli)
       The Promise Of A Lifetime/Raging Sea (Guli, Admiral)
       The Spice Of My Life Reprise (Ford, Bridget)
       The Promise Of A Lifetime 2 (Guli, Admiral, William)
       Happy Healthy and Wealthy – The Wedding
       The Perfect City Reprise: At Home (William, Guli, Algy, Anthony)
       Selling Off The Land (William, Ford)
       Welcome To My World (William)
       What's Good Enough For Me (Algernon)
       I Am Your Wife (Guli)
       Save Our World For You (William, Guli, Ensemble)

Act two

       Friends And Foreigners (William, Anthony, Ensemble)
       Why? (Mary)
       Honest Gentleman (Settlers, Baltimore)
       Ever Yours  (William, Guli)
       Anthony's Song/Set them Free (Anthony, William, Ensemble)
       My Mary  (Anthony)
       A City Called Heaven (Ensemble)

March 2013 production
The first production of The Perfect City was a showcase production put on at London's Etcetera Theatre, Camden on March 17 and 18, 2013.
In May 2015 The Perfect City (with some new cast members including Jamie Noar as William Penn) was taken on a tour of venues (mainly Friends Meeting Houses) in the South East of England to huge success with sell outs at places like Dorking, Surrey, UK.

Cast

Creative Team

Plot summary
William, a wealthy Navy Admiral's son, is coming to terms with his beliefs and his calling. He explains to his colleague, Algernon, that he believes everyone is equal in the eyes of God to speak freely and worship in any way they see fit. William becomes disgusted at scenes of decadence and violence in London but then they meet Guli and the Friends and agree that a simple life is the best life. William goes home to meet his father. However, his father is very angry and says he will rot in hell if he continues his rebellious ways.

The Friends go to a meeting outside a locked room. William makes a speech (Salmon Speech) is arrested and taken to court. William is accused of incitement. The Judge is furious and everyone is jailed, including the jury. In prison, the jailers make fun of the posh Admiral's boy. He sees people starving and dying from smallpox and the plague. Guli who is visiting her father, recognises William and they begin to fall in love. Guli goes to speak to the Admiral to ask him for help. The Admiral believes that Friends take part in witchcraft, astrology, and magic. Guli puts him straight and tells him that he should do something to get his son and her father out of prison. In jail, William vows to change things and help his poor friends if he is ever freed.

The Admiral arranges for his son to be released. William finds Guli and asks her to marry him. Anthony, the servant, interrupts the wedding to say the Admiral has had a bad fall and may be dying. Guli persuades William to go to his father. The Admiral forgives his son and bequeaths him land in America that the King owes him and asks him to look after his loyal servant, Anthony.

When William receives the deeds to the land in America. Ford discusses with William how he must market and sell plots of land, but William tells him he will be staying in England with his new family.

More Friends are arrested and tortured. William receives a letter telling him that they will be released on condition that he takes them away. Ford encourages him to sell land in America to make their fortune, as his father was not always a "wise investor". They all look forward to a new life in America.

William and Guli have an argument about whether their family can go abroad. Guli states her worries for their children and about the practicalities of travelling and life in strange lands. William Penn – the idealistic dreamer has other things on his mind ....his thoughts of a Free Land and his belief that God has chosen his destiny. Algy also tells William he will not be going with him. Guli suggests that William takes Anthony in their place.

William and the others pray to God to bless their voyage. As they prepare for the voyage on the ship, "The Welcome", they are warned about bad weather, monsters of the deep and vicious Indians when they get there. Guli, the children and the crowds stay behind and say farewell to William and the first Quaker emigrant families. William takes the 'kitchen sink' with him. Just before they leave, Philip Ford gets him to sign business papers. Anthony has tried to warn William not to trust Ford – but William hasn't heard.

Lights coming up on "the perfect city" being built in Pennsylvania, America:

William writes to Guli explaining how 30 people died from smallpox on their ship before they landed in America. On arrival, he meets the various settlers from Sweden and Denmark and the native Indians. As the first Governor of Pennsylvania, William appoints officers to the Assembly and Council and instructs as they build his "Perfect City".

William greets Francis Pastorius who arrives from Germany. William finds him plots of land for the new families in a place they name Germantown. Anthony again tries to warn William that Philip Ford is swindling him but William ignores him.

Lord Baltimore visits with his servant Mary. He tells William how he trusts no-one and thinks William has taken land that belongs to him. Anthony meets Mary and falls in love. An argument ensues between Baltimore and William over the borders of their properties (and who owns the land his city is being built on). He mentions that Maryland is being developed much faster with the use of slaves obtained by the King's Royal African Company (RAC)

The Settlers complain to William about the laws even though they are not paying him rents.  Ford writes to tell William he is losing money and needs to do something about it. Francis Pastorius campaigns against slavery and totally fails to persuade the settlers. Anthony secretly tells Francis (William's Friend) that he has met the love of his life, Mary, who is a servant of Baltimore. Francis tells him to take care. When the Settlers begin to buy more 'servants', William is torn between the Golden Rule: how all people should be treated fairly and the needs of the Settlers for workers on their lands. William tells Anthony he has to look at life's realities. The Settlers need 'servants' to create wealth. Francis tells William that 10 years hard labour is enough for anyone, then they should be given freedom and land for their families. William agrees and suggests they give them tools to help them start as farmers. William explains to Anthony that he will put forward a bill in the assembly to allow 'servants' to get married. However, the bill fails to get sufficient votes. Anthony hears the result and tries to run away with Mary. Baltimore catches Anthony and murders Mary. Anthony is jailed and threatened with the death penalty for Mary's murder. William is torn between building, 'The Perfect City' and doing what is right-saving his servant.

William receives a letter from Guli. She tells him about the death of their new baby. She tells of the continued persecution of the Friends in England and how Algernon has been executed for treason. She asks William to look after Anthony and finally, she says that Ford has stopped sending her money. When Anthony is brought before the court, William asks God what he should do. He realises what he has become when he orders his Jury to find Anthony innocent. There is outcry. So he hurriedly returns to England taking Anthony to safety. They find Guli in bed – she is very ill. Ford arrives and William confronts him. Ford tells him that he has forfeited Pennsylvania by signing it away as well as the fortune to be made through slavery. William is so angry that he is about to kill Ford when Anthony reminds him of his pacifism. Ford escapes and gets the militia to arrest William and take him to jail. Anthony visits William in jail. William tells Anthony he is a free man. William tells Guli that he wants to give up his American Dream and let Pennsylvania go. Guli makes him promise to continue to fight for his land and his dream and return to America. William, Guli, Anthony, Mary, Ford, Lord Baltimore and the Settlers dream of as truly Perfect City.

Historical background

Penn (1644–1718) was born in the City of London and brought up outside the city. William was well educated and studied law. As a child he had smallpox He was expelled from Christ Church College, Oxford for his anarchic thinking. After William Penn joined the Quaker movement, he was disowned by his influential father, Admiral William Penn, and thrown out of the familial home. At the time, Quakerism was considered a threat to the royalist foundations of English society. Nevertheless, Penn received land from the Crown in lieu of a debt owed to his father. It was on this land that Penn set up his alternative colony of Quakers. The name "Pennsylvania" was coined by the King. In 1682, Penn arrived in America, only to return to England two years later in order to be with his family and support the Quaker cause back home. He had signed over the American territories to his advisor, Philip Ford, and as he was faced with mounting debt, found it difficult to resolve his finances himself. He died 1718 in Berkshire.

References

External links
 Official website

2013 musicals
British musicals
Musicals set in Pennsylvania

The Perfect City


Seagulls Stadium was a rugby league stadium located on Gollan Drive in West Tweed Heads, New South Wales.

Originally known as Chris Cunningham Field, it was the home ground of the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants rugby league franchise, who entered the New South Wales Rugby League premiership in 1988. Tweed Heads was chosen as the venue for Giants games, despite the club's name indicating they were based in the nearby state of Queensland. This was due to a clause in the expansion licence, which stated that only one team was allowed to play in South East Queensland (this was awarded to the Brisbane Broncos, who also entered the premiership in 1988).

The stadium's capacity was close to 13,500. The record attendance was 13,423 for a match between the Giants and the Broncos on 8 May 1988. This was also the Giants first ever win in the NSWRL Premiership when they shocked the 'Big Brother' Broncos 25–22.

When the Seagulls Leagues Club purchased the Giants franchise in 1990, the team was renamed Gold Coast Seagulls to reflect their home stadium. The club's woeful record on the field (they finished with the wooden spoon three straight seasons, from 1991 to 1993) and the Super League war forced the club to sell the stadium and fold the team after the 1995 season.

Without a viable tenant, and being a largely inferior facility to nearby Carrara Stadium, Seagulls Stadium sat dormant until it was dismantled and the site bulldozed. A housing complex now covers the site.

The stadium's electronic scoreboard, 3500-seat grandstands and 40 corporate boxes were purchased in 2000 by the Wollongong Wolves football (soccer) team, based over  away. These pieces formed the basis of a new 14,000-seat stadium in Figtree, a suburb of Wollongong, which was scheduled to open in 2008.

See also

 Sports on the Gold Coast, Queensland

References

External links

Sports venues in New South Wales
Defunct rugby league venues in Australia
Sports venues on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Sport in Tweed Heads, New South Wales
Tweed Heads Seagulls

Seagulls Stadium


Zoltán Béres (born 29 April 1975) is a Hungarian radio host, composer, and DJ currently living in Australia.

Béres was a musician before re-inventing himself in radio. The abbreviation of his first name is pronounced "ZO" though it is a reference to the well-known Morning Zoo format. Béres was the first Hungarian shock jock to publicly mock other celebrities, pioneering a style that later became common in Hungary.

He moved to Australia in 2006.

Music career

Béres Zoo became famous as composer, co-writer and performer with his 1996 project called 4F-Club. Their first single Balaton Fever was the year's greatest Hungarian hit, a success they later could not repeat. 4F-Club had 5 singles that received considerable airplay but the band split up in 1998. Béres released an unsuccessful solo album while at the same time working on an extensive list of other Hungarian musicians' albums, including Romantik, Happy Gang, Andrea Szulák, Groovehouse, UFO and BPM.

Under the alias "van dulek" he co-wrote Video Camera with DJ Surgeon in 2008, the track was played all around the globe on dance related radio stations. His last single Stop Dave was released mid-2009 through Musicadium.

Radio career

After retiring from 4F-Club and music performances in general, Béres started out as a weekend DJ at Budapest start-up commercial station 96.4FM ROXY Radio (went out of service in 2010). He soon climbed up to weekday afternoons, calling his shift Béres Zoo the Afternoon Show () while using some aspects of the Morning Zoo radio format. The Afternoon Show featured animal characters who could easily touch even some of the most controversial subjects, after all a pig is just a pig. Using his composer and lyrics writer experience Béres Zoo wrote several comedy songs which played a key role in his programs.

Béres became ROXY's program director in 2003. Teaming up with his childhood friend and 4F-Club partner János Sallai (dubbed Nyalaka) he then hosted ROXY's morning show titled ROXY Riado until late 2004 when the station changed its format and they both moved on to host Radio DeeJay's afternoon show. The station was shut down by parent Italian Radio DeeJay on 3 May 2006.

From June to September 2006 Béres Zoo and sidekick Nyalaka were hosting Balaton Radio's morning show.

Béres moved to Australia late 2006 and started DJing at Melbourne's Kiss FM where he hosted two shows every week until October 2007.

Threats and lawsuits

During his career Béres Zoo made fun of local and international celebrities which gained him several threats.
 He had to change the lyrics 3 times on his comedy song Megvolt-megvolt to leave complaining celebrities out of it.
 Television hostess Anettka filed a report to the Hungarian Media Authority (ORTT) about Béres Zoo's song Anettka you stinky skunk, the Authority later found that the song was rather cheeky than insulting and rejected Anettka's claims.
 Pharmaceutical company Béres Gyógyszergyár Zrt filed a lawsuit against Béres Zoo in 2005 for using their registered trademark Béres in the title of his shows. The court ruled against the medical giant in 2007.

There were several other threats that Béres briefly mentioned on-air but being a public figure he felt vulnerable to revenge and therefore never disclosed the details.

References

External links
 BeresZoo.com
 Béres Zoo archives

1975 births
Hungarian radio presenters
Hungarian rock musicians
Shock jocks
Living people
Obscenity controversies in music
Obscenity controversies in radio

Zoo Béres


Hugues Dufourt () is a French composer and philosopher associated with the spectral school of composition. Born in Lyon on September 28, 1943, Dufourt studied piano and composition at the Geneva Conservatory.

Dufourt became co-director of the Ensemble l'Itinéraire in 1973 and founded CRISS (Collectif de Recherche Instrumentale et de Synthèse Sonore—Instrumental and Sound Synthesis Research Collective) in 1977. It was for CRISS that he composed in 1978–79 his best-known work, Saturne, for percussion, wind ensemble, and electronics—a work inspired by Erwin Panofsky's analysis of etchings by Albrecht Dürer. His work Burning Bright (2014) also received five votes in a 2017 Classic Voice poll of the greatest works of art music by living composers since 2000.

Many of Dufourt's larger works have been inspired by the paintings of artists as various as Brueghel, Giorgione, Rembrandt, Poussin, Guardi, Goya, and Pollock.

References

Sources

External links
Biography, works, recordings, Editions Henry Lemoine

1943 births
Living people
Musicians from Lyon
Spectral music
Academic staff of the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences
French classical composers
French male classical composers
20th-century French composers
21st-century French composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
French male conductors (music)
20th-century French conductors (music)
21st-century French conductors (music)
20th-century French musicologists
21st-century French musicologists
20th-century French male musicians
21st-century French male musicians
Knights of the Legion of Honour

Hugues Dufourt


Fort Early was on the Flint River, in the southwest corner of modern Crisp County, Georgia. It was named for Georgia governor Peter Early. It was, in 1814, no more than breastworks built by the Army on high ground overlooking the river, briefly occupied in preparation for a projected invasion by British forces, a threat which disappeared in 1815 with the end of the War of 1812.

A log stockade was built by the Georgia militia in early 1818 and was an important supply depot and defensive point during the First Seminole War. General Andrew Jackson stopped at Fort Early in February 1818 as he marched south to relieve besieged Fort Scott.

The fort was evacuated after the war and the site reclaimed by nature. There is a monument erected in 1916 by the Daughters of the American Revolution.

References

Early
Early
Early
History of Georgia (U.S. state)
Crisp County, Georgia
Buildings and structures in Crisp County, Georgia
Daughters of the American Revolution
Native American history of Georgia (U.S. state)

Fort Early


A separable partial differential equation is one that can be broken into a set of separate equations of lower dimensionality (fewer independent variables) by a method of separation of variables.  This generally relies upon the problem having some special form or symmetry.  In this way, the partial differential equation (PDE) can be solved by solving a set of simpler PDEs, or even ordinary differential equations (ODEs) if the problem can be broken down into one-dimensional equations.

The most common form of separation of variables is simple separation of variables in which a solution is obtained by assuming a solution of the form given by a product of functions of each individual coordinate. There is a special form of separation of variables called -separation of variables which is accomplished by writing the solution as a particular fixed function of the coordinates multiplied by a product of functions of each individual coordinate.  Laplace's equation on  is an example of a partial differential equation which admits solutions through -separation of variables; in the three-dimensional case this uses 6-sphere coordinates.

(This should not be confused with the case of a separable ODE, which refers to a somewhat different class of problems that can be broken into a pair of integrals; see separation of variables.)

Example

For example, consider the time-independent Schrödinger equation

for the function  (in dimensionless units, for simplicity).  (Equivalently, consider the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation.)  If the function  in three dimensions is of the form

then it turns out that the problem can be separated into three one-dimensional ODEs for functions , , and , and the final solution can be written as .  (More generally, the separable cases of the Schrödinger equation were enumerated by Eisenhart in 1948.)

References

Differential equations

Separable partial differential equation


WMEI (channel 14), branded on-air as WMEI 14 and TeleMar, was a television station licensed to Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The station was owned by Corporate Media Consultants Group, of which 51% is owned by Power Television International and 49% is owned by Max Media. WMEI's studios were located in Puerta del Condado in San Juan, with an additional studio in Yauco. The station's transmitter was located at Cerro Maravilla in Ponce. WMEI signed off the air on August 31, 2017 at midnight.

History

WMEI was founded on February 28, 1990 by locally owned Arecibo Broadcasting Systems, managed by Hector Negroni Cartagena.

On December 28, 1994, WMEI launched WWKQ-LP (channel 26), a low-power TV station in Quebradillas owned by Signal Broadcasting.

WMEI signed on as a test signal on Channel 60 in 1997 operated by Signal Broadcasting and transmitted programming from Telefe Internacional and infomercials.

WMEI also began operations for WQQZ-CA (channel 33), another channel owned by Signal Broadcasting, in Ponce on February 12, 1999.

WMEI began its regular programming in November 2006 as an affiliate of Telefe Internacional branded as Mi 60. It remained a Telefe affiliate from 2006 to 2007, showing informercials from 4 p.m. to midnight.

WMEI officially launched as an independent station on March 20, 2007 at 6:25 a.m. It was branded as TeleMar Puerto Rico from 2007 to 2009, from 2011 to 2013, and since May 11, 2014.

In March 2007, WMEI launched its digital satellite station, WOST (channel 16), in Mayagüez.

On November 23, 2009, WMEI switched its affiliation to Spanish Broadcasting System's Mega TV. Prior to this, WMEI had carried a Spanish-language version of The Local AccuWeather Channel.

WMEI, along with its satellite stations, went off the air for several months in early 2009 due to their shutting down analog signals in January 2009 in preparation for the nationwide digital transition. However, due to the transition date being delayed until June 12, 2009 (from its original February 17 date) and WTIN and WNJX-TV opting to retain their analog signals on WMEI and WOST's post transition channels until June, WMEI and WOST could not begin digital broadcasts until WTIN and WNJX terminated their analog signals in June 2009.

WMEI became an affiliate once again in February 2013, this time with TeLe-Romántica, whose programming included telenovelas, movies, series and documentaries. TeLe-Romántica resumed operations in August 2014 due to the station's website failure and moved its programming to WSJU-TV channel 31.2.

In November 2013, Power Television International acquired the non-license assets of WMEI and its satellite stations from Corporate Media Consultants Group for $18 million.

WMEI was affiliated with PBJ from 2014 to 2016.

On May 13, 2015, WQQZ-CA changed its call letters to WQQZ-CD after switching from analog to digital operation.

On January 12, 2016, WMEI, WOST and its satellite stations sold their spectrum and participated in the 2016 FCC Spectrum auction (originally scheduled for sometime in 2015, then pushed back a year). The executive officers said that once the auction was complete, the station would either go off the air or move to another channel.

On April 1, 2016, WMEI changed its branding to reflect the station's digital channel number. It was now known as WMEI 14. The station switched its affiliation to Retro Television Network and broadcast daily from 5 a.m. to 6 p.m. No programming changes were expected, and WMEI remained a Tuff TV affiliate. The station also affiliated with Gun TV upon that network's launch the same day. Gun TV broadcast from 12AM to 5AM daily.

WMEI was most recently a dual affiliate of Tuff TV and The Family Channel, while WOST remained an affiliate of the Spanish version of The Local AccuWeather Channel.

On October 18, 2016, WOST went off the air. Station engineers had determined that one of the station's power amplifiers had been damaged during a thunderstorm. The station was awaiting the delivery of parts to complete the repair to the power supply. It was expected that it might be another couple of weeks before the repairs were to be completed.

The licensee requested Special Temporary Authority pursuant to FCC Rule 73.1635(a)(4), as the circumstances of the storm were beyond the control of the licensee and it was acting diligently to repair the station and restore operations but had to wait on vendors to deliver equipment. The licensee also requested a one-day waiver of the 30-day filing deadline to request silent authority. The 30th day for filing the silent STA request was miscalculated. The LMS form would not allow the proper date to be checked that the station went off the air.

On November 11, 2016, licensed as a digital operation, WWKQ-LP changed its callsign to WWKQ-LD.

On December 5, 2016, WQQZ-CD went off the air because of a malfunction with its Ktech receiver. It was repaired over the next few weeks. On December 8, 2016, WQQZ-CD returned to the air broadcasting the full Retro TV and Action Channel programming.

In April 2017, WMEI announced that it would shut down on August 31 following the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s incentive auction. The station sold its spectrum for $9,696,619. Also, WOST would move their channel positions to channel 20, and WQQZ-CD to channel 16.

On May 2, 2017, WOST resumed broadcasting operations with a reduced power of 2 kW.

Due to the passage of Hurricane Irma across Puerto Rico, the license for WMEI was cancelled on September 12, 2017. The WMEI unit was moved to WOST and satellite stations. They have been affiliated with Azteca América since August 1, 2018.

Subchannels
The station's digital signal was multiplexed:

Satellite stations
WMEI was rebroadcast on the following stations:

References

Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Television channels and stations established in 1997
1997 establishments in Puerto Rico
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2017
2017 disestablishments in Puerto Rico
MEI
MEI
Defunct television stations in the United States

WMEI


The crab claw sail is a fore-and-aft triangular sail with spars along upper and lower edges. The crab claw sail was developed in Island Southeast Asia some time before 2000 BCE. It went on to be used in many traditional Austronesian cultures in Island Southeast Asia, Micronesia, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. Wind tunnel testing has shown it has impressive performance compared with the yardstick of Bermuda rig, with the vortices formed by the sail being suggested as a reason for the difference. It is sometimes known as the Oceanic lateen or the Oceanic sprit, even though it is not restricted to Oceania, is neither a lateen sail nor a spritsail, and has an independent older origin.

History
Crab-claw sails were invented somewhere in Island Southeast Asia by at least 2000 BCE. It is likely that triangular sails supported by a prop-type mast were developed by the populations that preceded Austronesian seafarers. The configuration of mast and sail is suggested to be an obvious solution to raising a wet sail made from a relatively weak mat material.  It spread with the Austronesian migration to Micronesia, Island Melanesia, Madagascar, and Polynesia. It may have also caused the unique development of outrigger boat technology due to the necessity for stability once crab claw sails were attached to small watercraft. Crab claw sails can be used for double-canoe (catamaran), single-outrigger (on the windward side), or double-outrigger boat configurations, in addition to monohulls.

Crab claw sails are rigged fore-and-aft and can be tilted and rotated relative to the wind. They evolved from "V"-shaped perpendicular square sails (a "double sprit") in which the two spars converge at the base of the hull. The simplest form of the crab claw sail (also with the widest distribution) is composed of a triangular sail supported by two light spars (sometimes erroneously called "sprits") on each side. They were originally mastless, and the entire assembly was taken down when the sails were lowered. There are several distinct types of crab claw rigs, but unlike western rigs, they do not have fixed conventional names.

The need to propel larger and more heavily laden boats led to the increase in vertical sail. However this introduced more instability to the vessels. In addition to the unique invention of outriggers to solve this, the sails were also leaned backwards and the converging point moved further forward on the hull. This new configuration required a loose "prop" in the middle of the hull to hold the spars up, as well as rope supports on the windward side. This allowed more sail area (and thus more power) while keeping the center of effort low and thus making the boats more stable. The prop was later converted into fixed or removable canted masts where the spars of the sails were actually suspended by a halyard from the masthead. This type of sail is most refined in Micronesian proas which could reach very high speeds. These configurations are sometimes known as the "crane sprit" or the "crane spritsail". Micronesian, Island Melanesian, and Polynesian single-outrigger vessels also used this canted mast configuration to uniquely develop shunting, where canoes are symmetrical from front to back and change end-to-end when sailing against the wind.

The conversion of the prop to a fixed mast led to the much later invention of the tanja sail (also known variously and misleadingly as the canted square sail, canted rectangular sail, boomed lugsail, or balance lugsail). Tanja sails were rigged similarly to crab claw sails and also had spars on both the head and the foot of the sails; but they were square or rectangular with the spars not converging into a point.

Another evolution of the basic crab claw sail is the conversion of the upper spar into a fixed mast. In Polynesia, this gave the sail more height while also making it narrower, giving it a shape reminiscent of crab pincers (hence "crab claw" sail). This was also usually accompanied by the lower spar becoming more curved.

Austronesians traditionally made their sails from woven mats of the resilient and salt-resistant pandanus leaves. These sails allowed Austronesians to embark on long-distance voyaging. In some cases, however, they were one-way voyages. The failure of pandanus to establish populations in Easter Island and New Zealand is believed to have isolated their settlements from the rest of Polynesia.

Because of the crab claw sail's more ancient origin, there is also a hypothesis that contact between Arabs and Austronesians in their Indian Ocean voyages may have influenced the development of the triangular Arabic lateen sail; and in return Arab square-shaped sails may have influenced the development of the Austronesian rectangular tanja sail of western Southeast Asia. Others, however, believe that the tanja sail was an indigenous invention of Southeast Asian Austronesians, though they also believe that the lateen sail may have been introduced to Arab sailors via contact with Austronesian crab claw sails. A third theory however, concludes that lateen sails were originally Mediterranean and that Portuguese sailors introduced the lateen sail to Asian waters, starting with Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1500. This means that the development of lateen sails in western sailors were not influenced by the crab claw sail.

In western Indonesia, the crab claw sail reappeared as a recent development. Traditionally the people from western Indonesian islands had shifted to the tanja sail, but starting in the 19th century the Madurese people developed the lete sail. "Lete" actually means lateen, but the existence of pekaki (lower spar/boom) indicates that the layar lete is crab claw sail.

Construction

The crab claw sail consists of a sail, approximately an isosceles triangle in shape.  The equal length sides are usually longer than the third side, with spars along the long sides. Austronesian sails typically have spars along two edges of the sail. This is to distribute the loads of sheets and other point loads on the sail. The traditional and historic mat sails used for Austranesian sails has no reinforcement of the sail material along the edges. Since mat sails are not as strong as other sail materials, such as canvas, it is important that the spars provide the necessary reinforcement of the edges.

The crab claw may also traditionally be constructed with curved spars, giving the edges of the sail along the spars a convex shape, while the leech of the sail is often quite concave to keep it stiff on the trailing edge.  These features give it its distinct, claw-like shape.  Modern crab claws generally have straighter spars and a less convex leech, which gives more sail area for a given length of spar. Spars may taper towards the leech. The structure helps the sail to spill gusts.

The crab claw characteristically widens upwards, putting more sail area higher above the ocean, where the wind is stronger and steadier. This increases the heeling moment: the sails tend to blow the watercraft over. For this reason, crab claws are typically used on multihulls, which resist heeling more strongly.

The sail is shunted; the bow becomes the stern, and the mast rake is also reversed. The vessel therefore always has the ama (and sidestay, if there is one) to windward, and has no bad tack.

Proa
In a proa, the forward intersection of the spars is placed towards the bow.  The sail is supported by a short mast attached near the middle of the upper spar, and the forward corner is attached to the hull. The lower spar, or boom, is attached at the forward intersection, but is not attached to the mast. The proa has a permanent windward and leeward side, and exchanges one end for the other when coming about.

To tack, or switch directions across the wind, the forward corner of the sail is loosened and then transferred to the opposite end of the boat, a process called shunting. To shunt, the proa's sheet is let out. The joined corner of the spars is then transferred to the opposite end of the boat.  While remaining attached to the top of the mast, the upper spar tilts to vertical and beyond as the forward corner moves past the mast and onward to the other end of the boat.  Meanwhile, the mainsheet is detached and used to rotate the rearward end of the boom through a horizontal half circle. The spar join is then re-attached at the new "forward" end of the boat and the mainsheet is re-tightened at the new "rearward" end.

Tepukei

A shunting rig with the sail propped vertically at the bow, very similar to the proa rig described above.

Non-shunting crab claw

The term "crab claw sail" is also used for non-shunting sails that widen upwards. The 'ōpe'a, the upper spar, is braced up so high that it is nearly parallel to the mast (as in a gunter rig). The paepae, the lower spar/boom, points well above the horizontal, unlike the boom of most gunter rigs and gaff rigs. The two spars can be brought together or pulled apart with control lines. The mast is fixed and stayed.

Performance
The crab claw sail is something of an enigma. It has been demonstrated to produce very large amounts of lift when reaching, and overall seems superior to any other simple sail plan (this discounts the use of specialised sails such as spinnakers). C. A. Marchaj, a researcher who has experimented extensively with both modern rigs for racing sailboats and traditional sailing rigs from around the world, has done wind tunnel testing of scale models of crab claw rigs. One popular but disputed theory is that the crab claw wing works like a delta wing, generating vortex lift. Since the crab claw does not lie symmetrically to the airflow, like an aircraft delta wing, but rather lies with the lower spar nearly parallel to the water, the airflow is not symmetrical. However, the presence of the water, close to the lower spar and parallel to it, makes the airflow behave roughly like the airflow over half of a delta wing, as though a "reflection" in the water provided the other half (apart from a narrow gap near the water, which causes a small difference there).

This can clearly be seen in Marchaj's wind tunnel photos published in Sail Performance: Techniques to Maximise Sail Power (1996). The vortex on the top spar of the sail is much larger, covering most of the sail area, while the lower vortex is very small and stays close to the spar. Marchaj attributes the large lifting power of the sail to lift generated by the vortices, while others attribute the power to a favourable mix of aspect ratio, camber and (lack of) twist at this point of sail.

A more modern academic wind tunnel study (2014) provided similar results, with the Santa Cruz Islands tepukei'''s crab claw sail configuration dominating measurements.

Gallery

See alsoHokule'a''
James Wharram's voyage on Lapita
Jangada
Junk rig
Outrigger canoe
Proa
Tanja sail
Tepukei

Related rigs
Gaff rig
Gunter rig
Lateen rig, modern crabclaw-like variants

Notes

References

External links
 Video "Hot Buoys" Self-Tacking Crab-Claw Trimaran
 Wind Tunnel results on effects of crabclaw sail orientation - apex position and consistent camber

Sailing rigs and rigging
Austronesian culture

Crab claw sail


Abdel-Halim Mahmoud ()  (12 May 1910 – 17 October 1978; 2 Jumaada al-awal 1328 A.H. - 14 The al-Qi`dah 1398 A.H.) served as Grand Imam of al-Azhar from 1973 until his death in 1978. Called "avuncular and beloved" by some, he was known for his modernizing approach to teaching at Al-Azhar University, preaching moderation and embracing modern science as a religious duty.

Early life
Abdel-Halim Mahmoud was born on 12 May 1910 in the village of Abou Ahmed (now Al Salam), in the Sharqia Governorate, 50 kilometers north east of Cairo, Egypt. He memorized the Qur'an at an early age and then started his studies at Al-Azhar University where he graduated in 1932. He then continued his studies in France, where he obtained a Doctorate degree in philosophy from the Universite de Paris - La Sorbonne in 1940.

Views and activities
According to scholars Moshe Albo and Yoram Meital, themes that reoccurred in Mahmoud's writing were:
the importance of knowledge and education; the superiority of Islamic morals and ethics; the uniqueness of Muslim history; the integration of Islamic spirituality and jurisprudence; the ultimate negation of the Other (e.g., the Western, Zionist, communist, secular, and heretic); the ascendance of Islamic theology and law; and the need to reform Egyptian politics and society in accordance with the pillars of Islam.

He signed an agreement with King Faisal, ruler of Saudi Arabia, to combat Communism in 1971 during the presidency of Anwar Sadat. The agreement had a budget of 40 million pounds.

Islamic law
Mahmoud was a consistent supporter of the replacement of Egypt's civil law code with Sharia. He argued that the Hudud  (those sharia punishments which are mandated and fixed) punishment of amputation of a thief's hand was ordained by God and when implemented by Ibn Saud had brought law and order to Saudi Arabia—even though it only had to be carried out seven times.

On the other hand, Mahmoud issued a shariah fatwa supporting a minimum marrying age of sixteen for girls, despite the fact he acknowledged  Shariah tradition did not specify any exact age. He argued "developed societies have set the age of marriage at sixteen, and this is appropriate".

Science
For Mahmoud, "any reform -- whether on the personal level or on the level of society -- begins with science, be that science religious or material..... Whether we begin the path of reform from the vantage point of theoretical science or from that of material or empirical science, our endeavours must be imbued with a purpose. This purpose is an Islamic obligation, as science must be the basis for the path towards God. Indeed, knowledge is a form of worship and a form of jihad."

During his tenure as Grand Imam, Al-Azhar witnessed unprecedented reform and revival, including the introduction of new faculties, teaching methods and management style.

Sufism

Abdel-Halim Mahmoud is also remembered for reviving Sufism through his prolific writings and lectures on the matter. He was greatly influenced by the Sudanese Sufi Sheikh Mohammed Osman Abdu al-Burhany whose knowledge shaped his views on Sufism.

"Abd al-Halim Mahmud (1910-1978) is remembered as the former rector of al-Azhar who wrote a great deal on Sufism. He is referred to by his honorific title, 'al-Ghazali, in 14th Century A.H.'2, a title he was given because of his unique ability to integrate the exoteric and esoteric dimensions of Islam (which are often considered contradictory at first glance). He became influential in 1960-1970s, the Sadat period in which Islamic revivalism began its rise to prominence in Egypt."

"Abd al-Halim presents tasawwuf as a scientific method that would enable people to comprehend the ultimate reality. The essence of tasawwuf is defined as knowledge (ma`rifa) of the metaphysical domain. Metaphysics is the science of explaining the hidden aspects of God and clarifying his prophecies. He emphasised its distinction of 'mysticism'-he proposed that tasawwuf is not a mere superstitious method, but a field of science (Mahmud Al-Munqidh: 224-233). `Abd al-Halim cites `Abbas Mahmud al-`Aqqad (d. 1964) in saying that ma`rifa is an intellectual realm which neither physical science, cognition (fikr), nor various types of mental perception (basira etc.) have access to. Tasawwuf is the only science that can enter this realm, because although other sciences are bound to human capacity, tasawwuf is not (cited from ibid. 352-353)."

"Abd al-Halim's Sufism consists of three elements-`ilm, jihad, and `ubudiya. First was `ilm, the knowledge of Islamic Law. He emphasizes the significance of living according to shari`a, and stipulates that Islamic Law is to be understood and practiced accordingly. Moreover, he cites Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's work, which declares that God will bless those who acted according to their knowledge of Law-no matter how ignorant they might be-but would punish those who ignored the law irrespective of their knowledge4. Second is jihad, the effort to situate oneself within social reality and to solve the problems one faces. `Abd al-Halim's ideal image of Sufi is not exemplified through the concept of 'mystic' (those who live in seclusion, practicing asceticism). He states rather that Sufi must be committed to solving the problems of the time, and gives the example of `Abd al-Qadir al-Jazai'rli (d.1883), who fought for the defence of Algeria against France (ibid. 15-16). Third is `ubudiya, servitude to God: being correct and devoted. When `ubudiya is attained, ma`rifa is granted, and God showers the believer with Mercy (ibid. 12)".

Sources
 Manhaj al-islah al-islami fi-al-mujtam''' (The Method of Islamic Reform in Society''), Abdel-Halim Mahmoud, Cairo: General Egyptian Book Organisation (GEBO), 2005.
 "The Grand Imams of Al-Azhar (Shuyukhul Azhar)" at www.sunnah.org .

References

External links
 Abdel-Halim Mahmoud Foundation

Mujaddid
Shaykh al-Islāms
Grand Imams of al-Azhar
Sunni imams
20th-century imams
Islamic philosophers
Egyptian imams
Sufi mystics
Sufi writers
Egyptian Sufis
Egyptian Sunni Muslims
Egyptian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
People from Sharqia Governorate
Al-Azhar University alumni
University of Paris alumni
20th-century philosophers
1910 births
1978 deaths
Endowments Ministers of Egypt

Abdel-Halim Mahmoud


The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone () (once called 粤江平原), is a special economic zone on the southeastern coast of China. Located in the Pearl River Delta, it consists of the Chinese cities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, and parts of Huizhou and Zhaoqing. Adjacent Hong Kong and Macau are not part of the economic zone.

The 2008-20 plan, released by China's National Development and Reform Commission, is designed to boost the pan-Pearl River Delta as a "center of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries", and as a "center for international shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibitions and tourism". Goals include the development of two to three new cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the development of 10 new multinational firms, and expansion of road, rail, seaport and airport capacities by 2020. They include construction of the  Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge linking Hong Kong, Macau and the Pearl River Delta. The construction of  of highways in the region was to be completed by 2012, and rail expansions of  by 2012 and  by 2020.

Scale
The zone is formed by 9 cities, namely Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Dongguan, four districts and counties of Huizhou and four districts and counties of Zhaoqing.

Population
A 2015 report concluded that, if taken as a single urban area, the zone is the largest such area in the world in both area and population.

See also
Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone
Bohai Economic Rim
West Triangle Economic Zone
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

References

Economic profile for the Pearl River Delta at HKTDC

Economy of Guangdong
Pearl River Delta
Special Economic Zones of China

Pearl River Delta Economic Zone


A doughnut sandwich is a combination of a doughnut and a sandwich, typically constructed using a glazed, deep-fried flour doughnut and split in the middle like a bagel.  Various types of foods, such as cheese, bacon, peanut butter and more, are usually added between the slices creating a sandwich. There are different types of doughnut sandwiches, some made with cake doughnuts

The doughnut breakfast sandwich is usually made with  bacon, eggs, sausage and some type of cheese like cheddar or American cheese. Some variations may include sausage. The Luther Burger is a bacon cheeseburger served on a doughnut bun. The doughnut chicken sandwich is made with fried chicken. A ham variation can be made with ham, Swiss cheese and a condiment like fruit preserved or spicy mustard. Dessert versions are made with ice cream.

References

American sandwiches
Ice cream sandwiches
Breakfast sandwiches

Doughnut sandwich


The British Rail Class 13 was formed in 1965. The Tinsley Marshalling Yard needed more powerful shunters to move vehicles around.  This was provided by permanently coupling together two Class 08 shunters as a 'master and slave' (or 'cow and calf') unit. The second of the two units had its cab taken off.  Both units were ballasted to improve traction.  At first the units were coupled cab-to-cab but it was easier to couple Master nose to Slave cab. The thinking behind adopting this dual locomotive design is that a larger, rigid locomotive could not be used due to the risk of grounding on the hump.

13

British Rail Class 13


The McMahan Mound Site (40SV1), also known as McMahan Indian Mound, is an archaeological site located in Sevierville, Tennessee just above the confluence of the West Fork and the Little Pigeon rivers in Sevier County.

Site description
The site consists of a  high and  wide platform mound, with a large associated village surrounded by a palisade. It was occupied by Dallas phase peoples of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture between 1200 and 1500 CE.  At the time when the ancient mound was first investigated scientifically in 1881 by a party associated with the Smithsonian Institution, the earthwork was located on a farm owned by the McMahan family. The mound is now named for that family.

Excavations

Excavations by William H. Holmes in 1881 unearthed burials, arrow-points, a marble pipe, Mississippian culture pottery, and numerous engraved shell gorgets and columnella pendants. Several items of European manufacture were also found in the excavations, including brass pins and cylindrical glass beads. These suggested that the mound site had been inhabited during the time of European contact in the American Southeast.

One fragmentary engraved shell gorget found during the excavations was particularly noteworthy. It depicts two S.E.C.C. "Birdmen" with wings and talons for feet, grasping each other by the neck with one hand and wielding ceremonial flint blades with the other. This type of gorget is carved in what is now known as the Hightower style. Holmes also uncovered several "rattlesnake" and mask-style gorgets, as well as a curious gorget with looping lines that Holmes described as "very interesting object.....The figure is so obscure that considerable study is necessary in making it out." These pieces are in the styles now known as the Lick Creek style and Citico style for the rattlesnake gorgets, Chickamauga style for the mask-like gorgets, and Williams Island or Spaghetti style for the last.

References

South Appalachian Mississippian culture
Geography of Sevier County, Tennessee
Archaeological sites in Tennessee
Mounds in Tennessee
Sevierville, Tennessee

McMahan Mound Site


Telephony Server Application Programming Interface was a computer telephony integration standard developed and promoted by Novell and AT&T. It consisted of a number of call control commands for switching calls,  voice mail and call logging using NetWare servers. Unlike the competing Telephony Application Programming Interface from Microsoft and Intel, it was a server-based system that did not expect client-side equipment to handle call switching. This was important to AT&T, which sold large telephone switches that Telephony Server Application Programming Interface was intended to work with.

Description
Telephony Server Application Programming Interface consisted of two primary parts, the application programming interface itself, and a "telephony service provider" that ran on a server and talked to clients. Novell produced one such provider, "TServer" that ran, unsurprisingly, on NetWare servers. TServer, in turn, talked to a driver specific to the brand of telephony switch being used. NetWare acted primarily as the operating system for TServer to run within, although TServer did make use of NetWare Directory Services for security and provisioning. The whole system from client-side drivers to server to private branch exchange driver was known as "NetWare Telephony Services", at least when using Novell software.

Message formats were based on a standard promoted by the European Computer Manufacturers Association, which was directly supported by a number of European-built switches. When used with one of these switches, the driver between the server and the switch was "thin". "Thicker" drivers were needed for switches that did not directly support these standards. The client-side application programming interface was available for Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, OS/2, Mac OS, UnixWare and Linux.

The interface was a control protocol only, and did not send a voice data across the network for use with software-based phones. It included commands for dialing, hanging up, and other instructions. It required a channel, called a stream, to be set up for all communications.

Telephony Server Application Programming Interface and Versit
Telephony Server Application Programming Interface was created in an era when major telephony vendors were promoting a vision of wide-area networking based on dedicated circuit-switched links. Unlike modern networking systems where each piece of data is separately routed to its destination, these networking systems were essentially a version of the existing phone system carrying data instead of voice, setting up dedicated channels between endpoints. Looking for applications that might make use of such a network, vendors promoted numerous new standards for videotelephony, high-speed fax, etc.

Only the control system was standardized; getting data into and out of a computer remained an issue. There were a number of efforts by various vendors to support this functionality. Apple Computer was promoting GeoPort as the computer-end of such a system, and selected Telephony Server Application Programming Interface as the messaging protocol. The various vendors formed the Versit Consortium and published "The Versit CTI Encyclopedia." The Encyclopedia expanded the basic  system to include a data-type identifier to allow it to switch any sort of "call". Additionally, Versit allowed that data to be switched to the computer using GeoPort or a number of other connection options.

References

 Paul Cronin, "An Introduction to TSAPI and Network Telephony", IEEE Communications, April 1996
 "Telephony Services Application Programming Interface (TSAPI)", NetWare Software Developer Kit, Release 5 (or later) xx Link is dead xx

Application programming interfaces
Telephone service enhanced features


Pura Ulun Danu Beratan, or Pura Bratan, is a major Hindu Shaivite temple in Bali, Indonesia. The temple complex is on the shores of Lake Bratan in the mountains near Bedugul. The water from the lake serves the entire region in the outflow area; downstream there are many smaller water temples that are specific to each irrigation association (subak).

The temple complex

In Bali, Hindu temples are known as "pura", being designed as open-air places of worship in walled compounds. The compound walls have a series of intricately decorated gates without doors for the devotee to enter. The design and plan of the holy pura follows a square layout. A typical temple is laid out according to ancient Lontar texts with three courtyards separated by low walls pierced by ornate gateways. The outer courtyard is for secular pursuits, with pavilions used for meetings, resting performers and musicians at festivals. Food stalls are set up here during festivals. The middle courtyard is a transition zone between the human and divine sections; here offerings are prepared and temple paraphernalia are stored. The inner courtyard is the site of the shrines and religious ceremonies. The shrines are known as merus and are square structures with brick bases and multiple pagoda-style thatched roofs; the number of roofs reflects the status of the deity, and is always an odd number. Pura Ulun Danu Beratan is one of the nine 'Kahyangan Jagat' temples on Bali. The temple complex consists of five various shrines dedicated to other Hindu gods as well.

Built in 1633, the temple is used for offerings and ceremonies dedicated to the Balinese water, lake and river goddess Dewi Danu, due to the importance of Lake Bratan as a main source of irrigation in central Bali. The 11-storey pelinggih meru in the complex is dedicated to Shiva and his consort Parvathi. Buddha's statue is also enshrined in this temple. This temple is also called the "Bali temple on the Lake" because it looks as if it is floating when the Bratan River rises.

The Buddhist stupa

The Buddhist stupa of Beratan is a place of worship for Buddhists located at the tourist complex of Pura Ulun Danu Beratan. Its existence is quite unique and interesting considering its location in close proximity to the sites of worship belonging to Hindus.

This stupa signifies religious harmony. It faces south and is located outside the main area of the Ulun Danu Beratan Temple complex.

Gallery

See also

 Hinduism in Indonesia
 Hinduism in Asia
 List of Hindu festivals
 List of Hindu empires and dynasties

Notes

References

External links

•
 3D model of the Ulun Danu lake temples
 3D model of the buddhist stupa

Religious buildings and structures completed in 1663
17th-century Hindu temples
Balinese temples
Hindu temples in Indonesia
Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Bali
1663 establishments in Asia

Pura Ulun Danu Bratan


Abbas Palizdar ( born 1968) alleged to be the secretary of the Judiciary Inquiry and Review Committee (Hay'at-i Tahqiq va Tafahhus-i Majlis az 'Amalkard-i Quvah-i Qaza'iyah) in the 7th Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis-i Shawra-i Islami) of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This committee, as part of the Article 90 Commission, was charged with investigating government corruption cases and their handling in the Iranian Judiciary. His involvement with the two-year investigation ended unceremoniously with his arrest in June 2008. The courts announced his conviction in June 2009 on charges of corruption, spreading falsehoods, disclosing government secrets, and endangering national security. Thirteen others were also arrested or brought in for questioning in connection with the case, including the then Majlis deputy from Karaj, Fatemeh Ajorlou.

Palizdar first made his accusations public about corruption in the Islamic Republic's leadership circles in a talk held at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan in May 2008.  He was also invited to share his knowledge of the committee's findings at Shiraz University in the same month. On June 9, 2008, he reiterated his claims of corruption implicating some 44 senior clerics, government officials, and other key figures in the political establishment in an interview with Radio Farda.  An anonymous source in the Ministry of Intelligence verified Palizdar's access to more than 100 high-level corruption cases under Majlis investigation in an interview with the Entekhab News website. A 200-page report on the committee's findings has been prepared for the Majlis, awaiting the Judiciary's testimony. While the document was never formally released, it was leaked to a foreign news outlet in August 2008.

On June 13, 2008, Palizdar was called to the Government Employee Relationship Office, Branch 2, in Tehran where he was arrested. He was released on bond and re-arrested twice.  On July 19, 2009, a court judge granted Palizdar bail on a bond of 350 million tomans pending appeal of his sentence.

References

External links
 Majlis Committee Report (In Persian)
 Palizdar Apology to Hashemi Rafsanjani (In Persian)
 "It Was Decided I Would Become Industries Minister": An interview with Abbas Palizdar, June 2010 (in Persian)

1968 births
Living people
Prisoners and detainees of Iran
Iranian anti-corruption activists
Iranian whistleblowers
Volunteer Basij personnel of the Iran–Iraq War

Abbas Palizdar


The EC-130H Compass Call is an electronic attack aircraft flown by the United States Air Force. Based on the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, the aircraft is heavily modified to disrupt enemy command and control communications, perform offensive counterinformation operations, and carry out other kinds of electronic attacks. Planned upgrades will add the ability to attack early warning and acquisition radars. Based at Davis-Monthan AFB in Arizona, EC-130Hs can be deployed worldwide at short notice to support U.S. and allied tactical air, surface, and special operations forces.

The EC-130H is one of the three main U.S. electronic warfare aircraft, along with the Boeing EA-18G Growler, and F-16CJ Fighting Falcon, all of which can suppress enemy air defenses while jamming communications, radar, and command-and-control targets.

In September 2017, the Air Force announced that L3 Technologies will serve as the lead systems integrator for a future Compass Call aircraft based on the Gulfstream G550 business jet. The new Compass Call platform has been designated EC-37B.

Design

Crew
The EC-130H aircraft carries a combat crew of 13 people. Four members handle aircraft flight and navigation (aircraft commander, co-pilot, navigator, and flight engineer), while nine members operate and employ the EA mission equipment permanently integrated into the cargo/mission compartment. The mission crew includes the mission crew commander (electronic warfare officer), weapon system officer (electronic warfare officer), mission crew supervisor (an experienced cryptologic linguist), four analysis operators (linguists), one acquisition operator, and an airborne maintenance technician.

Aircraft
The EC-130H fleet is composed of a mix of Baseline 1 and 2 aircraft.

The Block 35 Baseline 1 EC-130H provides the Air Force with additional capabilities to jam communication, Early Warning/Acquisition radar, and navigation systems through higher effective radiated power, extended frequency range, and insertion of digital signal processing compared to earlier EC-130Hs.

Baseline 1 aircraft have the flexibility to keep pace with adversary use of emerging technology. It promotes enhanced crew proficiency, maintenance, and sustainment with a common fleet configuration, new operator interface, increased reliability, and better fault detection.

Baseline 2 has several upgrades to ease operator workload and improve effectiveness. Improved external communications allow Compass Call crews to maintain situational awareness and connectivity in dynamic operational and tactical environments. Aircraft communication capabilities are improved with the expansion of satellite communications connectivity compatible with emerging DoD architectures, increased multi-asset coordination nets, and upgraded data-link terminals.

Delivery of Baseline-2 provides the Air Force with the equivalent of a "fifth generation electronic attack capability," providing improved aircraft performance and survivability.

A majority of the improvements found in the EC-130H Compass Call Baseline-2 are classified modifications to the mission system that enhance precision and increase attack capabilities.

Operational history

The Compass Call had its first flight in 1981, was delivered to the Air Force in 1982, and reached initial operating capability in 1983.

All EC-130H Compass Call aircraft are assigned to Air Combat Command. The EC-130H is operated by the 55th Electronic Combat Group (ECG) consisting of two operational squadrons (41st and 43rd Electronic Combat Squadron (ECS)), a formal training unit (the 42nd ECS), the 755th Operations Support Squadron (OSS), and the 755th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (AMXS). The 55th ECG is a tenant unit of the 355th Fighter Wing at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. Although located at Davis-Monthan, the group reports to the 55th Wing at Offutt AFB, Nebraska.

Compass Call has been used in Yugoslavia, Haiti, Panama, Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere.

From 2002 to 2015, EC-130Hs participating in Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan and Operation Freedom's Sentinel flew over 40,000 hours during 6,900 combat sorties.

On 15 January 2020, the first EC-130H Compass Call (serial number 73-01587) was retired from active service. The aircraft was the first EC-130H Compass Call delivered to the Air Force in March 1982.

Operators

 United States Air Force

Specifications (EC-130H)

See also

References

External links

 Military.com: EC-130H Compass Call
 AircraftGuru.com: EC-130H Compass Call

C-130H, E
1980s United States electronic warfare aircraft
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined turboprop aircraft
EC-130H

Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call


Samuel George William Archibald  (February 5, 1777 – January 28, 1846) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax County from 1806 to 1836 and Colchester County from 1836 to 1841 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. He supported the Royal Acadian School.

He was born Samuel George Washington Archibald in Truro, Nova Scotia, the son of Samuel Archibald and Rachel Todd. His grandfather David Archibald, an immigrant from Ulster, was one of the founders of Truro, and raised the boy after the death of his father in 1780. At the age of 15, he went to Massachusetts for further education, returning four years later. After his return, he studied law with Simon Bradstreet Robie. In 1802, he married Elizabeth Dickson, daughter of Charles Dickson and Amelia Bishop, the sister of Robert, William, Thomas Dickson. Later that year, he became probate judge for Colchester and Pictou districts. In 1805, Archibald was admitted to practice as an attorney and barrister. Archibald was named King's Counsel in 1817. In 1818, he was surrogate general for the colony's vice admiralty court.

In 1819, he unsuccessfully prosecuted Richard John Uniacke, Jr. who took part in the last fatal duel in Nova Scotia, which led to the death of merchant William Bowie. Archibald set up an oat mill in Truro in 1822. Archibald also served as Chief Justice of Prince Edward Island from 1824 to 1828, although he never resided on the island. He was speaker for the legislative assembly from 1824 to 1841. In 1826, he was named solicitor general for Nova Scotia. In 1830, Archibald was named acting attorney general after the death of Richard John Uniacke. He married Joanna Brinley in 1832, two years after the death of his first wife. He suffered a stroke in 1836 which left him for a time with paralysis of his facial muscles and difficulty speaking. In 1841, he was named master of the rolls and resigned his seat in the assembly. Archibald died in Halifax in 1846 of a severe stroke.

His son Charles Dickson also served in the legislative assembly and his son Edward Mortimer became a lawyer and office-holder in Newfoundland.

Nova Scotian artist William Valentine painted Archibald's portrait.

References

1776 births
1846 deaths
19th-century British North American people
19th-century Canadian politicians
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Judges in Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
People from Truro, Nova Scotia
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Speakers of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly
Canadian King's Counsel
Colony of Prince Edward Island judges
Colony of Nova Scotia judges
Attorneys General of the Colony of Nova Scotia

Samuel George William Archibald


Eucalyptus torquata, commonly known as coral gum or Coolgardie gum, is an endemic tree of Western Australia. The species is cultivated for use in gardens and as a street tree.

Description
A tree, small and stout in form, with beautiful flowers. It reaches between  in height in its native habitat which has a spreading habit. It produces clusters of orange barrel-shaped buds with horned caps, which are followed by prolific red or pink flowers between August and December. The bark is rough and is persistent on the trunk and branches. The bark is fibrous-flaky box type grey-black, grey or black colour bark with whitish patches. The leaves are greyish green in colour, the blade has a lanceolate shape and is  in length and  wide. The leaves are basally tapered, the petioles are quadrangular or narrowly flattened or channelled. The conflorescences have a diameter that are  with flowers that are normally coral-pink in colour but white, cream and red flowered plants are known. They are simple and axillary with three to seven flowered umbellasters with terete peduncles. The buds have a rostrate or urceolate shape and are not pruinose, the calyx calyptrate sheds early. The fruits that form later have a cylindrical shape with a depressed disc and enclosed valves.

Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann George Luehmann in 1897 in Victorian Naturalist. The type specimen was collected by W.A. Macpherson from near Coolgardie.

The species name  torquata is taken from the latin word torquatus meaning having a twisted ring or collar. This refers to the corrugated structure found at the base of the buds and fruit.

Amongst the common names of the species is the use of Christmas tree, given for flowers that appear in December, and Goldfields red flowering gum for the region's mining operations.

Distribution

It is found on hillsides around Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie, and south to about Widgiemooltha in the Goldfields region of Western Australia where it grows in stony loam or clay and red sandy soils.

Uses
Coral gum is commonly cultivated for small gardens and for use as an ornamental or as a street tree, especially in arid areas. Flowering often occurs in 2 years from seed. It can be grown in large containers in well-drained soils.

See also

List of Eucalyptus species
Lemon-flowered Mallee (Eucalyptus woodwardii and Torwood hybrids)

References

Eucalypts of Western Australia
Trees of Australia
Trees of Mediterranean climate
torquata
Myrtales of Australia
Plants described in 1897

Eucalyptus torquata


Balingasa, commonly known as Balintawak and Cloverleaf, is an administrative division in eastern Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is an urban barangay located in Quezon City, at the city's western boundary with Caloocan.

The barangay's borders are defined by EDSA and barangay Unang Sigaw to the north, barangays Pag-Ibig Sa Nayon and Damar to the south, barangay Manresa in the southeast, and barangay Apolinario Samson and Gregorio Araneta Avenue in the east.

History

During the Spanish colonial era, the area was a densely forested area. Upon the arrival of settlers, through the native kaingin method of slash-and-burn cultivation, the once-forested area was cultivated into fields and farms where different cereals and vegetables were planted. The area was established as a barrio of Caloocan in 1882, with Catalino Magsalin as its first teniente del barrio, also known as the cabeza de barangay.

After the formation of the new Philippine capital of Quezon City, the barrio was incorporated into the new city in 1939 pursuant to Commonwealth Act No. 502, transferring the Caloocan sitios and barrios of Kaingin, Kangkong, La Loma, Malamig, Matalahib, Masambong, San Isidro, San Jose, Santol and Tatalon to Quezon City.

Following the Second World War, the inhabitants of the area rebuilt their houses and man-made artesian wells, locally known as a balon, were dug as a primary source of water. After one such well was dug, crystal-clear spring water came out of the other wells. This well had its base made out of small pieces of stones, known as gasang, and was referred to by the settlers as the balun ng gasang (gasang well). The balun ng gasang became a common byword of households in the area and was often mispronounced as balungasa, until it was later commonly pronounced as balingasa.

The barrio was recognized as a barangay in 1975 by Quezon City mayor Norberto S. Amoranto.

Notable landmarks
A monument to the Cry of Balintawak or Cry of Pugad Lawin, which marked the start of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, was erected in the area, which was transferred to another location.

The Balintawak Interchange, a road network shaped like a cloverleaf, connects the North Luzon Expressway and the Epifanio delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) under the jurisdiction of both Barangays Balingasa and Unang Sigaw.

Also, Skyway Stage 3 runs through the barangay above A. Bonifacio Avenue, connecting South Luzon Expressway (SLEx) and North Luzon Expressway (NLEx) while avoiding the traffic-torn street of Metro Manila.

North Edsa corridor

Other notable landmarks (mostly along EDSA) include the Balintawak Market, the LRT Balintawak station and transport hubs to and from Downtown Manila, Northern Quezon City, CaMaNava and Bulacan areas.

The Cloverleaf, an Ayala Land estate and the former site of Central Textile Mills purchased in 2013, is predominantly within the area of Balingasa while the rest is under the jurisdiction of Barangay Apolonio Samson. Once fully developed, the township will include Alveo and Avida Land residential condominiums, a Qualimed hospital facility, commercial buildings for Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) locators and Ayala Malls Cloverleaf (opened on October 25, 2017).

Another condominium project, The Celandine project of DMCI Properties, is located just south of The Cloverleaf along A. Bonifacio Avenue.

The entrance to the Manila Electric Company (Meralco) and National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) Balintawak substation, which hosts various distribution and transmission lines operated and maintained by Meralco and NGCP such as the Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak and Hermosa–Duhat–Balintawak transmission lines, is also located along EDSA.

Demography
As of the 2015 census of the National Statistics Office (Philippines), the population of Barangay Balingasa is 20,609.

Facilities
The barangay maintains a Quezon City public library, while government-run Balingasa High School is under the Department of Education.

See also
 Barangays of Quezon City
 Balintawak Interchange
 Cry of Pugad Lawin
 Andres Bonifacio Avenue

References

Quezon City
Barangays of Quezon City
Barangays of Metro Manila

Balingasa


Robert Lawrence Horne (born April 13, 1967) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler who is most famous for his time in the World Wrestling Federation from 1993 to 1996 under the ring name Mo (later Sir Mo), where he held the WWF World Tag Team Championship with Mabel as "Men on a Mission".

Professional wrestling career

Early career (1991-1993)

Robert Horne made his debut in 1991 and soon found himself teaming with Nelson Frazier in the Carolinas-based Pro Wrestling Federation. The two were kayfabe brothers in a team known as "The Harlem Knights" with Horne performing as "Bobby Knight" and Frazier performing as Nelson Knight. The heel team was managed by George South, who led the young team to two PWF Tag-Team titles over the years. In April 1992, Horne worked two matches for WWF both on Superstars. One in a tag match with Jim Brunzell losing to the Beverly Brothers and losing to The Mountie.

United States Wrestling Association (1993)

In 1993, The Harlem Knights moved on to the United States Wrestling Association based out of Memphis without their manager George South. While in the USWA, the team was pushed as the "Monster threat" due to their size and feuded with Jerry Lawler, Jeff Jarrett, and other faces. Their work in the PWF and the USWA got them noticed by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and they were signed to a contract in mid-1993.

World Wrestling Federation (1993-1996)

When Horne and Frazier made their WWF debut, the vicious heel duo had been repackaged as faces with a rap gimmick. They wore bright clothes and had positive attitudes. They were teamed up with a rapping manager "Oscar" and had their names changed to "Mo" (Horne) and "Mabel" (Frazier) while the team name was changed to "Men On a Mission" (or M.O.M., the initials of the three men). The team met with moderate success in the ring but got over mainly due to Mabel's unusual size, their fun loving personas, and Oscar's crowd pleasing raps. Their fun loving personalities were prominently displayed when they appeared at Survivor Series 1993 dressed up as Doinks (referred to by color commentator Bobby Heenan as "Doinks on a Mission)" and teamed up with The Bushwhackers (also dressed as Doink) in a comedy match.

Their next feud was against the WWF Tag Team Champions The Quebecers and they even won the titles during a United Kingdom tour. Two days later, however, the Quebecers regained the titles in a rematch. Mo injured his leg in a singles match against Owen Hart on the May 1 episode of Wrestling Challenge (taped April 12 in Syracuse, NY). Mo would not return to competition until October. That summer, Mabel started to wrestle more singles matches; he was seen as the spectacle of Men on a Mission due to his size, the "special attraction" that got used to make rising stars look good. It wasn't until the early parts of 1995, that Men on a Mission started to team again on a regular basis.

In April 1995 after another loss, Mabel and Mo attacked the Smoking Gunns in a fit of anger, then apologized for it later on. When they asked the Gunns to come to the ring to let them apologize, Men on a Mission attacked them once again and then beat up Oscar, turning the duo heel and dropping their rapping manager.

After a short feud with the Smoking Gunns, Mabel won the 1995 King of the Ring tournament. He became King Mabel with his trusty sidekick being dubbed "Sir Mo", wrestling royalty. When Mabel became king, the focus shifted from the team to Mabel once more with Sir Mo acting more as a manager and less like an active competitor as Mabel challenged for the WWF Championship. One of the last notable appearances for Men on a Mission was at In Your House 2 where they beat Razor Ramon and Savio Vega. They were also the opponents in the match where the British Bulldog turned on partner Diesel. Mo lost to The Undertaker on Monday Night Raw's November 27, 1995, episode during Mabel's feud with Taker. Mo's last WWF match was a lost to Marty Jannetty on January 12, 1996, in a house show at the Montreal Forum making it the last wrestling event at the Forum before it was demolished. Mabel and Mo's last appearance in the WWF together was at the 1996 Royal Rumble, where Mo accompanied Mabel at ringside, while he participated in the match, until he was eliminated by Yokozuna. Afterwards they left the WWF.

Return to USWA and Independent circuit (1996-2007)
After leaving the WWF Mo and Mabel returned to the USWA where they feuded with Brian Christopher, Jerry Lawler and The Moondogs. They would disbanded in June 1996. After Men On A Mission, Mo became a part of the original Nation of Domination, the stable that was a forerunner to the more famous stable in the WWF. Mo became "Sir Mohammad", using a black supremacist gimmick. The USWA version of the N.O.D. was led by PG-13 J. C. Ice and Wolfie D) and also included Kareem Olajuwon (Reggie B. Fine), Akeem Muhamad (Big Black Dog), Elijah (the Spellbinder), Shaquille Ali (Tracy Smothers), Randy X, and Queen Moishe (Jacqueline).  After group disbanded, Faarooq started the Nation of Domination in the WWF, due to the USWA version of the group disbanding, where they had major success.

Horne would remain in the Memphis region wrestling mainly as Rob Harlem, competing under that name in the USWA, its successor "Memphis Pro Wrestling", and Randy Hales' "Power Pro Wrestling". USWA shut down in November 1997. In 1997, Horne would start his own promotion "Southern Extreme Wrestling" which he both booked and wrestled for. Horne's "Southern Extreme Wrestling" is not affiliated with the "Southern Extreme Wrestling Promotions" organization that operates today. He returned to WWF as Buzz on September 6, 1997, beating a jobber at a house show in Nashville, Tennessee.

While in PPW, Horne teamed up with "Deon Harlem" to form the tag team "The Regulators". The team beat Derrick King in a Handicap match to win the PPW Tag Team Title, which they held when the promotion closed down in April 2001 and took a hiatus from wrestling.

In 2003, Bobby Horne returned to wrestling and added yet another gimmick to his long list of gimmicks. On December 30, Mabel was at ringside commentating when manager Paul Wylde came out and introduced the "Bahamian Heavyweight Champion" "Marly Pride". Wylde started making comments that Mabel was the fattest whale which Mabel took exception to. When the big man entered the ring, Marley Pride was revealed as his former tag-team partner Mo who attacked him and the two brawled until they were separated by officials. Mo and Mabel had a short feud in Memphis Wrestling. On March 1, 2006, Horne as Mo defeated Bad News at a dark match for Ohio Valley Wrestling. Then on April 21, 2007, Mo defeated Christian York at ISPW in Newton, New Jersey. He then retired from wrestling and went into truck driving.

Also he was the promoter for New Blood Wrestling in Dyersburg, Tennessee, from 2006 to 2009.

Return To Independent circuit (2014-present)
In 2014, Horne came out of retirement and defeated Mike King at HLW Heroes and Legends III in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

In May 2015, he worked four shows as Sir Mo teaming with Davey Boy Smith Jr. for Ultimate Championship Wrestling in Nova Scotia, Canada. He returned to the Maritimes in July with partner Lord Deon (Johnson) for three more shows. On July 30, the team - known as MOM2K - won the UCW tag team titles by beating Sidewalk Sam and Homeless Bob in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Since January 2016, Horne has run SOAR Championship Wrestling with his wife Denise Jones in Dallas Texas.

Personal life
Horne has had many health issues in recent years. In 2018, he got a kidney transplant and he was told at the time that he would need to take anti-rejection medication for the rest of his life.

In January 2022, Horne's health got worse as he needed a liver transplant. Doctors became concerned about his body rejecting a new liver. He was hospitalized in the ICU battling COVID-19. On February 4 of that year he was released from hospital and made a Facebook post on his account telling them that he was in a medical rehab facility where he was still using an oxygen tank and on antibiotics. Also his kidneys have improved and no longer on a dialysis. He still has strength issues and is resting at home. Horne thanked the fans and his wife, Denise for helping him during his recovery.

Championships and accomplishments

New England Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2013
Power Pro Wrestling
PPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Deon Harlem
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked #144 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1995
Ranked #468 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003
Pro Wrestling Federation
PWF Tag Team Championship (4 times) - with Nelson Knight (1), Mabel (1), Black Angel (2)
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
SCW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Ultimate Championship Wrestling
UCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Mom 2K
World Wrestling Federation
WWF World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Mabel
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Worst Worked Match of the Year (1993) with Mabel and The Bushwhackers vs. The Headshrinkers, Bastion Booger, and Bam Bam Bigelow at Survivor Series

References

External links

1967 births
African-American male professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Nation of Domination members
People from Harlem
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Professional wrestlers from New York City
World Tag Team Champions (WWE)

Mo (wrestler)


Bruce H. Breslow (born February 2, 1956) is an American businessman and politician. He retired as a Commissioner on the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada (PUCN) on October 5, 2018. He was appointed to this position on September 5, 2017 by Governor Brian Sandoval. Breslow previously served as the Director of the Department of Business and Industry for the state of Nevada. He was appointed to this position in November 2012 by Governor Brian Sandoval and was the longest serving Director to date. As the Director of the Department of Business and Industry, he oversaw 13 state regulatory and administrative divisions which include Athletic Commission, Dairy Commission, Insurance, Employee Management Relations Board, Manufactured Housing, Financial Institutions, Mortgage Lending, Housing, Labor, Industrial Relations, Transportation Authority, Injured Workers, Business Finance and Planning, Real Estate Division and the Taxicab Authority.

Previously, Breslow served as the Director of the Department of Motor Vehicles where he focused on innovative ways to enhance the customer's experience. Prior to this appointment, he served as the Executive Director of the Nevada's Agency for Nuclear Projects. Previously, Breslow served two terms as the 22nd and former Mayor of Sparks, Nevada from 1991 to 1999.

Career
In 1991, Breslow was elected Mayor of Sparks, Nevada. He was re-elected in 1995 and served until 1999. In 1999, Nevada Governor Kenny Guinn appointed Breslow a Commissioner of the Transportation Services Authority and Chairman of the Employee Management Committee. During his time as Commissioner, he was trained as an administrative law judge at the National Judicial College, specializing in arbitration and mediation.

Breslow was elected a member of the Nevada Broadcasting Hall of Fame in 1998 after many years as a local television sports anchor. During the past nine Summer Olympic Games, he has been the broadcast voice of men's and women's basketball, volleyball and boxing, broadcasting to more than 120 countries worldwide in a network that has become the IOC World Feed, now known as the Olympic Broadcasting Service.

Breslow was a founding member of Commercial Partners of Nevada and prior to that was a Vice-President of CB Richard Ellis. He has also co-owned a prominent advertising agency which specialized in re-branding area casinos and golf communities.

Breslow graduated with a bachelor of journalism degree from the University of Missouri. Breslow also served as Chairman of the Board of the Reno-Sparks Convention and Visitors Authority and was a longtime member of the Regional Governing Board. He is a member of the Nevada State Bar Association Fee Dispute Resolution Committee.

In 2009, Governor Jim Gibbons (R-NV) appointed Breslow as Executive Director of the State of Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects.

In 2011, Governor Brian Sandoval (R-NV) as Director of the State of Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles.

In 2012, Governor Brian Sandoval appointed Breslow as Director of the Department of Business and Industry.

In 2017, Governor Brian Sandoval appointed Breslow to the Nevada Public Utilities Commission.

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
Mayors of places in Nevada
Nevada Democrats
Nevada Republicans
Politicians from Sparks, Nevada
Sports commentators
University of Missouri alumni

Bruce Breslow


McKinney & Associates Public Relations (McKPR) was founded in 1990 with a commitment to practicing "public relations with a conscience." For the past 22 years, McKPR has become the go-to firm for advocacy, philanthropic and government clients, including the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., Amnesty International USA and United States Department of Agriculture.

About
The firm was co-founded in 1990 by Gwen McKinney and Leila McDowell as McKinney & McDowell Associates, making it the first woman and African American-owned strategic communication firm in Washington, DC. Today, Gwen McKinney solely leads McKinney & Associates.

From the beginning, McKPR has passionately and skillfully practiced "Public Relations with a Conscience" for local, national and international organizations involved in public policy and social advocacy. The McKinney team has a diverse background in public relations, journalism, marketing, strategic planning, crisis communications, grassroots advocacy and digital media. The firm specializes in delivering messaging to diverse and underrepresented populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans and women.

Past and current clients include:
 Amnesty International USA
 Asian American Justice Center
 Department of Homeland Security
 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
 National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty
 National Institutes of Health
 National Public Radio (NPR)
 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
 United States Department of Agriculture
 Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making Us Sick? (film)

Campaigns
Amnesty International, "Ban the Belt" Campaign.
Amnesty had released a report on stun technology (electroshock weapons) a few years before the 1999 USA Campaign that generated scant public attention. At the heart of the issue was the stun belt, increasingly becoming a tool of choice by the criminal justice system. Because of the temptation for abuse and misuse of this weapon, Amnesty viewed the stun belt as a tool of torture. Building upon the relationship with Muhammad Ali, Amnesty seized the opportunity to win a celebrity endorser to assist in a public call to ban the use of the stun belt. A poster (for worldwide distribution) and an ad were prepared for the New York Times. This was accompanied by a public service announcement and a video news release which, guided by McKinney & Associates provided a new wave of media coverage for the USA Campaign.

NAACP, "Stand for Freedom" Campaign
The NAACP approached McKinney & Associates in 2011 to help launch the Stand for Freedom campaign. The centerpiece for the launch was a rally at the United Nations on December 10, marking International Human Rights Day, and the release of a report documenting the vote-blocking tactics of opponents. Working in close collaboration with NAACP senior leadership and communications staff, McKinney employed a multi-tiered strategy to support NAACP's goal to mobilize one million new voters. The campaign launch was an ambitious six-week sprint that involved envisioning a communications strategy, devising a multi-faceted message platform, generating media attention, producing communication collateral, and crafting a final report with qualitative and quantitative assessments on project outcomes.

PBS: Unnatural Causes ... Is Inequality Making Us Sick?
The award-winning PBS series Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making Us Sick? was produced and distributed in 2008 by California Newsreel. Newsreel approached McKPR with a need to popularize the concepts in the series and to expand the public engagement beyond the relatively small and well-informed PBS audience. The firm led a team of communications consultants to roll out a six-month campaign that included messaging, collateral development and intensive publicity to support the PBS broadcast. McKPR was instrumental in shepherding relationships with Newsreel partners and stakeholders, and the firm helped plan and execute several screenings and panel discussions.

Significance
Gwen McKinney, daughter of former Pennsylvania State Senator Paul McKinney, was a nationally syndicated reporter for the Philadelphia Tribune and the press secretary for Eleanor Holmes Norton during her 1990 campaign for United States Congress. Some of McKPR's earliest projects included work with the anti-apartheid movement and promotion of the then new South African government under President Nelson Mandela, National Rainbow Coalition, National Organization for Women and the governments of Haiti, Angola and Namibia.

References

External links
 McKinney & Associates (MCKPR)—official website

Public relations companies based in Washington, D.C.

McKinney and Associates


Johann Heinrich Lips (29 April 1758, in Kloten – 5 May 1817, in Zürich) was a Swiss copper engraver; mostly of portraits.

Biography
His father was the village surgeon and barber. His Latin teacher, the local pastor, introduced him to Johann Caspar Lavater who was impressed by Lips' talent for drawing, persuaded his parents to let him study art, and arranged an apprenticeship for him with the painter, Johann Caspar Füssli. Later, he was also able to obtain a position with the etcher, Johann Rudolf Schellenberg, in Winterthur.

From 1774 to 1776, he worked with Schellenberg to produce the illustrations for Lavater's famous work Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beförderung der Menschenkenntniß und Menschenliebe, a major treatise on physiognomy. Following that, he briefly worked with Johann Caspar's son, Johann Heinrich Füssli, better known as Henry Fuseli.

From 1780 to 1782, with financial assistance, he made a study tour of Germany which included time at the Drawing Academy in Mannheim and a visit to Düsseldorf, where he discovered the works of Anthony van Dyck. From 1782 to 1789, he spent much of his time in Rome, where he became part of the German artistic community; befriending Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, who was touring Italy with Goethe. Although grateful to Lavater for his continuing support, he felt trapped in Rome and his natural tendency to hypochondria intensified.

In 1789, thanks to a recommendation from Goethe, he was able to become a Professor at the Weimar Princely Free Drawing School. While there, he illustrated works by Goethe and Friedrich Schiller and created portraits of numerous German creative artists and intellectuals. He quit his position five years later, following a rift with Goethe, and returned to Zürich. In 1796, he was married and, the following year, became a citizen there. During this time, he illustrated the complete works of Christoph Martin Wieland. After 1801, he was a regular participant in the exhibitions of the Zürcher Künstlergesellschaft (art society). He left a legacy of almost 1,500 engravings.

References

Further reading
 Joachim Kruse: Johann Heinrich Lips 1758–1817 – Ein Zürcher Kupferstecher zwischen Lavater und Goethe. Coburg 1989.

External links

 ArtNet: More works by Lips.

1758 births
1817 deaths
Swiss engravers
Swiss illustrators
Swiss etchers
People from Bülach District

Johann Heinrich Lips