Samurai Shodown V Special is the ninth entry in SNK's Samurai Shodown series of fighting games. It is an upgraded version of the game Samurai Shodown V and is the last official game for the Neo Geo platform. A further upgraded version of the game called Samurai Shodown V Perfect was location-tested in late 2004, but not officially released until it was included in the Samurai Shodown NeoGeo Collection in 2020.

Gameplay

The essential mechanics remained largely unchanged from previous games, with the update being directed towards graphical and audio changes. The updated visuals include portraits by artist Satoshi Ito, which convey a dark atmosphere similar to that of Samurai Shodown III.

A significant number of changes exist between Samurai Shodown V and Samurai Shodown V Special. Among them, the characters Sankuro and Yumeji were replaced with Samurai Shodown boss, Amakusa Shiro Tokisada, and Samurai Shodown III boss, Zankuro Minazuki. Also, the hidden character Poppy was replaced with Samurai Shodown II boss, Mizuki Rashojin, and was playable without the need of a hidden code. In addition to the roster change, many graphics and sound changes were made to give the game a fresh feel, even though most of the returning characters used their old voices, dating from Samurai Shodown IV. Existing Samurai Shodown V character stages were modified, and new stages were made for the arrival of Amakusa, Zankuro, and Mizuki.

This game also received many gameplay tweaks, making this version much more balanced than its predecessor. However, the biggest gameplay change was the introduction of the Zetsumei Ougi, or the Overkill Move. When performed correctly, it instantly ends the match for its victim, regardless of how much life he/she has remaining. This concept is similar to that of the Guilty Gear series, except that the conditions for the move are much stricter. The character must be in a rage, and the opponent's life must be below the point where they could have entered Concentration One, introduced in Samurai Shodown V as a special slow-motion mode powered up by meditating (holding D while standing still). The start-up motion is the same for each character, but if it hits the attacking character, it can finish off their victim in their own unique fashion.

In addition to the overkill moves, generic fatality effects from Samurai Shodown IV were brought back for this game, such as being slashed in half horizontally. New fatality effects were also added, such as being split in half vertically with the victim drenching their opponent in blood. In addition, Nakoruru and Rimururu, who were both made "immune" to fatal effects in Samurai Shodown III and Samurai Shodown IV, are able to experience these fatal effects at the end of the match, and in some situations, they scream violently.

This combination of violent acts in Samurai Shodown V Special generated much controversy and resulted in SNKP censoring the Neo Geo AES cartridge shortly after the Sasebo slashing.

Plot
An ordained meeting of 28 fierce warriors begins, to precede a series of duels to the death. These individuals entrust their fates to their skill and their weapons. For those not up to the task, a cherished end in battle is their only hope.

The twenty-eight Samurai characters clash in one epic title.

Release
As the AES version of the game was approaching its release date on July 8, 2004, it was mysteriously delayed a week, moving its release date to the 15th. When it came out, the generic fatalities were removed and the Zetsumei Ougi was watered down to a loosely based version of the issen for the characters. This act of censorship affected the entire worldwide release, not just the non-Japanese speaking audience. Not only did these modifications censor the game, but the censorship also created bugs, such as that of the AES's exclusive training mode, and upon hearing fan outcry, SNK did a cart recall shortly after that which fixed the bugs brought about by the censoring acts, and also to partially restore the character specific Zetsumei Ougis. The acts of body splitting were still completely gone. This meant some of the Zetsumei Ougis made no sense. However, some of the more violent content still remained, such as the more violent death screams and being able to be smashed into a wall. The only way for players outside of an arcade to experience the Zetsumei Ougis was either through emulation or to get an unfixed version of the game and apply Razoola's Universe Bios to it, which allows access to the uncensored versions of the moves and fixes the bugs that the censorship created.

Over a decade later, the game was released by SNK and Code Mystics for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita on September 12, 2017. The game is fully intact with the uncensored content in addition to settings to change the violence and blood in the Options mode. Unlike the previous Samurai Shodown V that receives a "T" rating, the upgraded version receives an "M" rating by the ESRB in North America. It also included online multiplayer modes, a Gallery mode featuring the artwork of the characters, trophies and ranking modes. It was released on PC on January 9, 2016 and Xbox One and Nintendo Switch
on April 18, 2019 through ACA NeoGeo series.

Samurai Shodown V Perfect featured a non-canon storyline that would tie in with Samurai Shodown VI, a dream match. Like the uncensored V Special, V Perfect retained the Zetsumei Ougis but removed the resulting body dismemberment and mutilations.

Notes

References

External links

 Samurai Shodown V Special at GameFAQs
 Samurai Shodown V Special at Giant Bomb
 Samurai Shodown V Special at Killer List of Videogames
 Samurai Shodown V Special at MobyGames

2004 video games
ACA Neo Geo games
Arcade video games
Cancelled Xbox games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Neo Geo games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation Network games
PlayStation 4 games
Samurai Shodown video games
SNK games
SNK Playmore games
2D fighting games
Video games about samurai
Video games set in the 18th century
Windows games
Xbox One games
Video games developed in Japan
Hamster Corporation games
Code Mystics games
Examu games
Dotemu games

Samurai Shodown V Special


"The Crow & the Butterfly" is the fifth single by American rock band Shinedown from their 2008 album The Sound of Madness. The song was written by Shinedown lead singer Brent Smith. The song was introduced in 2007, in an acoustic session on The Buckethead Show.

The Crow & the Butterfly – EP was released on iTunes on July 27, 2010, which included the original song, "The Crow & the Butterfly (pull mix)", the music video for the song, and a digital booklet.

Song meaning

Brent Smith explained on a radio interview program, Rockline, that while the band was writing the new album, he had a dream about a mother whose daughter died a month before her son Trevor was born. He wrote the song about the mother dealing with the death of her child and trying to move on.

On a blog on the Shinedown website, Brent Smith said this about the song: "For me lyrically this was one of the most intense stories I have ever written. But I know the song means something different to everyone."

Music video
Smith said this about a possible "The Crow & the Butterfly" video:

"We are in the process of reading through video treatments for the song, and I have to admit we have been so busy with the current tour we are on, and putting everything together for "The Carnival of Madness," we haven't even gotten a chance to ask all of you what you think about the song, and also what kind of video you would like to see from us."

The music video for "The Crow & the Butterfly" was directed by Hannah Lux Davis. It was shot on June 24, 2010, which happens to be the second anniversary of The Sound of Madness. A photo was published of the set, which appeared to be a large room in a mansion. On July 17, 2010, the music video premiered on Yahoo Music. The video begins with the band playing on a stage while a group of mysterious people wearing their black clothes eating dinner and putting their silverware down. Then, a woman with a black mascara teardrop on her eyes comes in and sees the people finishing their dinner. During the dance scene and the chorus, the girl decided to go through the people while searching for a boy. During the bridge, she was too late to find him and she found the man who walked closer to her while transforming as the band. He gives the girl the locket and whispered in her ears. The video ends with the boy and the band walking away into the light while the girl stares at the camera.

The music video debuted on Fuse Top 20 Countdown at number 18 on July 23, 2010, and on VH1's Top 20 Video Countdown at number 20 on July 31, 2010.

Chart performance
"The Crow & the Butterfly" peaked on the Billboard Rock Songs chart at number one. It was Shinedown's first single to rank at number one on the Rock Songs chart. It also reached number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, thus making The Sound of Madness the second album ever to have four singles topping the chart, after The Black Crowes' The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion in 1992. The song  also made appearances on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, debuting at number 97, and U.S. Alternative Songs, peaking at number six.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Shinedown songs
2010 singles
Songs written by Brent Smith
Song recordings produced by Rob Cavallo
Hard rock ballads
Music videos directed by Hannah Lux Davis
Songs written by Dave Bassett (songwriter)
2008 songs
Atlantic Records singles

The Crow & the Butterfly


Auguste Tessier (November 20, 1853 – February 10, 1938) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Quebec. He represented Rimouski in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1889 to 1907 as a Liberal.

He was born in Notre-Dame de Québec, Canada East, the son of Ulric-Joseph Tessier and Marguerite-Adèle Kelly, and was educated at the Séminaire de Québec, the Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal and the Université Laval. Tessier was called to the Quebec bar in 1876 and set up practice in Rimouski. In 1878, he married Corinne Gauvreau. He was mayor of Rimouski parish from 1889 to 1890, mayor of the town of Rimouski from 1889 to 1899 and warden for Rimouski County from 1885 to 1889. He was first elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1889 by-election held following the death of Édouard-Onésiphore Martin. In 1899, he was named Queen's Counsel. Tessier served as speaker for the assembly in March 1905 and then served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Agriculture from 1905 to 1906 and as provincial treasurer from 1906 to 1907.

Tessier resigned his seat in the assembly in 1907 when he was named to the Quebec Superior Court for Rimouski district and, later that year, for Gaspé district. He retired from the bench in 1922. Tessier was also president of the agricultural society for Rimouski County. He died in Quebec City at the age of 84.

His brother Jules served in the Quebec assembly and the Canadian senate. His sister Marie-Anne-Adèle married Alexandre Chauveau. His son Auguste-Maurice and his grandson Maurice also served in the Quebec assembly.

References

 Roy, PG (1933) Les juges de la province de Québec  p. 543

Presidents of the National Assembly of Quebec
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Mayors of Rimouski
Judges in Quebec
1853 births
1938 deaths
Canadian King's Counsel
Politicians from Quebec City
Université Laval alumni

Auguste Tessier


A blood test, also known as bloodwork, is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample. The sample is usually taken from a vein in the arm using a needle, or from a finger.  Blood tests are used to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, drug effectiveness, and organ function. They are also used to test for certain illegal drugs.

References

Medical tests
Blood

Blood test


Bring Me the Head of Mavis Davis is a 1997 British dark comedy movie. It is directed by John Henderson. Actors include: Rik Mayall, Jane Horrocks, Danny Aiello, Ronald Pickup, Marc Warren and Ross Boatman.

The movie and plot reference the Sam Peckinpah 1974 movie Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia.

Other websites

1997 comedy movies
British comedy movies
English-language movies

Bring Me the Head of Mavis Davis


Carnegie is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km south-east of Melbourne's central business district, on the railway line between Caulfield and Oakleigh, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Carnegie recorded a population of 17,909 at the 2021 census.

The suburb's main shopping precinct is a well-regarded 'eat street,' with cafes and restaurants lining Koornang Road from Dandenong Road to Neerim Road. Koornang Park and the neighbouring Carnegie Swim Centre are located between Koornang Road, Munro Avenue and Lyons Street.

Originally called Rosstown, after William Murray Ross, a prominent property developer and entrepreneur, a name change came about due to Ross' failed speculative developments.
In 1909 it was renamed Carnegie. It has been suggested that this was done in an unsuccessful attempt to secure funds for a library from the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie but there is no contemporary evidence supporting this.

Its postcode is 3163.

History

Toponymy
The area was originally called Rosstown, after the developer William Murray Ross, who owned a large amount of land in the area. The original name lives on in the name of the local hotel, and in Rosstown Road. Leila Road is named after Ross's wife, and Grange Road is named after Ross's estate, The Grange, which has since been subdivided into suburban housing estates.

Establishment
In 1875 Ross began circulating a broadsheet proposal which detailed the Rosstown project, a large scale sugar beet processing mill, a railway line to serve it, and a residential estate, named after him on the edge of the metropolis between Melbourne and the town of Oakleigh.   Although he began building the mill, it never began production, and the Rosstown Railway he constructed was never used.

However the estate sold well and gradually Rosstown had grown to a reasonable size aided by the opening of the railway to Melbourne in 1879.

Carnegie Post Office opened on 1 September 1911. Carnegie was originally part of the City of Caulfield and by the 1920s it had a substantial commercial area.

The Carnegie Theatre was a popular cinema in the 1930s.

Carnegie Library and Community Centre sits between Koornang Road and Shepparson St, with a nearby Community space developed in 2021.

Transport

The northern part of Carnegie and the Koornang Road shopping strip is served by Carnegie station on the Cranbourne/Pakenham line. Carnegie is served by CDC Melbourne bus routes 623, 624, 626, 900 and NightBus 980. Tram route 67 terminates just south of the shopping centre and serves the southern part of Carnegie. The Public Transport Users Association has instigated calls for its extension to the nearby Carnegie station which services the shopping centre, as a major mode interchange .

Buses
 SmartBus service
 NightBus services

Trains
There are two train services that pass through Carnegie railway station. As part of the government's Level Crossing Removal Project, Carnegie station closed in January 2017 and was demolished with a replacement opening in November 2017.

Demographics

Carnegie has a diverse cultural cross-section, with many permanent settlers from across the globe, and transient international students studying at the nearby Monash University (Caulfield campus).

Commercial centres

Koornang Road
On Koornang Road alone there are restaurants and grocers offering Malaysian, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Japanese, Indian, Italian, Greek, Polish, French, Vietnamese, Uighur and Russian foods, as well as the Rosstown Hotel.

Princes Highway

Dandenong road is increasingly becoming a focus of Carnegie's development. Originally the Rosstown Hotel was the focus of this part of the commercial strip, however today there are numerous showrooms and homemaker stores.

Schools

The main primary school is Carnegie Primary School (No. 2897), established in 1888 as Rosstown State School.

Parks and recreation

Surrounded by native bushland, Packer Park has a broad range of sport and recreation facilities including a velodrome (cycling), football oval, tennis and basketball practice areas, lawn bowls/bocce greens, extensive adventure playground, BBQs, a wetland walking trail and off-leash dog-walking areas.

The Velodrome, located at Packer Park, is one of the few of its kind in Victoria and is home to Carnegie Caulfield Cycling Club. Athletes used the velodrome as a cycling training venue during the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games, while Australian athletes trained here for the 1960 and 1964 Olympic Games.

The 17 km-long Djerring Trail, which runs under the elevated rail pylons, was completed in 2018. The leafy, shared pedestrian/bike path has exercise stations, and links Carnegie to Murrumbeena (east) and Caulfield (west). Table tennis tables (bring your own bats and balls) and exercise equipment are adjacent to the trail opposite the train station on the west side of Koornang Road.

The Carnegie War Memorial features a rose garden and cypress trees on Koornang Road, midway between Neerim Road and North Road. This is also the playground side of Koornang Park, which also provides grassed areas, walking trails, golf cages and cricket nets, and is home to Caulfield Football Club and Caulfield Junior Football Club. Carnegie Memorial Swimming Pool is a beloved outdoor 50s-style complex with grassed areas undergoing redevelopment. The new complex will provide for indoor and outdoor aquatic sport and recreation.

Lord Reserve continues on from Koornang Park and the pool, providing three sports ovals (cricket and soccer), cricket nets, a picnic shelter and BBQs, off-leash dog area and a perimeter walking path. It is home to Carnegie Cricket Club, Carnegie South Cricket Club, Monash Gryphons Cricket Club, Glen Eira Football (soccer) Club, Caulfield Cougars Soccer Club and Glen Eira Junior Soccer Club.

Notable people
 Artist and beloved one-time cafe owner Rita Santucci created many colourful ceramic tile artworks along Koornang Road main street and its little laneways. Rita's Way is a reclaimed laneway oasis off Koornang Road named in honour of her contribution.
 Selina Jenkins is an acclaimed musician, award-winning cabaret artist and celebrated character comedian.
 Tomas Lorenzo is an international award-winning Australian Spanish composer and performer, originally from Barcelona, and founded the Creative Guitar School in Carnegie.
 Australian artist Lisa Roet is world renown for her giant chimpanzee and golden monkey sculptures which scale buildings, and simian inspired jewellery amongst other works.
 Alicia Sometimes is an Australia writer, poet and broadcaster.
 Former Hawthorn Australian Football League player, Len Andrews (1922–2010), originally played for Carnegie.

See also
 City of Caulfield – Carnegie was previously within this former local government area.

References

External links
Australian Places: Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie
Suburbs of Melbourne
Suburbs of the City of Glen Eira

Carnegie, Victoria


Frank Alfred Marsales (31 August 188614 August 1975) was a Canadian composer best known for his work scoring many classic animated films by Warner Bros. Cartoons in the 1930s.  He also worked with Walter Lantz Studios in the mid to late 1930s.

Cartoon career
Marsales was a symphony musician who became the music director for Warner Bros. Cartoons under the direction of former Disney animators Hugh Harman (1903–1982) and Rudolf Ising (1903–1992), scoring many classic cartoons in the 1930s, including every Harman & Ising Looney Tune and Merrie Melodie. His first credit was for Sinkin' in the Bathtub, released May 1930 and animated by Friz Freleng. He composed the music to the 1931 Merrie Melody Lady, Play Your Mandolin!. His last credit for Warner Brothers was in 1933 with Bosko's Picture Show. He left Warner Brothers when Harman and Ising left the studio (but not with them), missing out on scoring their work at Paramount for the 1933 animated Alice in Wonderland – Marsales may also have had a hand injury at that time that precluded his composing any music at all.

In the mid-1930s, Marsales began work at Walter Lantz Studios as musical director for the Andy Panda cartoons, among others.  Marsales's last credited musical score at Walter Lantz Studios was for Knock Knock, released 25 November 1940 (although he may also have scored some part of Syncopated Sioux, released 30 December 1940, which musical director was uncredited). Music from Marsales's work for Lantz also found its way into the 1957 animated television series The Woody Woodpecker Show, which contained not only new cartoons, but also Woody's (and other) theatrical Lantz cartoons from the previous twenty years.

Personal life
Marsales was born in Yonker, Saskatchewan, Canada on 31 August 1886, the son of Robert Lambert Marsales and Lena Burns.  He lived most of his life in California. Marsales married Catherine Elizabeth Murset (30 April 188913 Jan 1971). They had no children.  He died 14 August 1975 in Long Beach, California.

References

External links

1886 births
1975 deaths
Place of birth missing
Canadian television composers
Canadian film score composers
Male film score composers
20th-century Canadian composers
Warner Bros. Cartoons music composers
20th-century Canadian male musicians
Walter Lantz Productions people
Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States

Frank Marsales


The Hampton Hill Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Hampton, Connecticut, a small rural community in Windham County.  It is a linear district, extending for about  along Connecticut Route 97, the major north-south route through the town, and laid out as a tree-lined boulevard.  Most of the district's 62 historic buildings were built in the 19th century, with fifteen houses surviving from the 18th.  Architecturally, they represent a cross-section of styles popular from the mid-18th to early 20th centuries, with vernacular forms most commonly found.  One of the oldest buildings is a c. 1727 tavern, since converted to a private residence, while the town hall is located in an undistinguished 1920s former firehouse.

The town of Hampton was first settled in 1709, and the name Hampton Hills became the name of the crossroads village that arose between the main north-south route (now Main Street) and an east-west route (now Old Route 6).  Its first church was built here in 1728, and the town was incorporated in 1786, out of portions of adjoining towns.  The town remained predominantly agricultural into the 20th century, its population declining over the 19th century.  In the 20th century, the population began to grow, but industry and the railroad generally passed by the town center. The result of this development pattern is a well-preserved 19th-century rural village center.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Connecticut

References

Historic districts in Windham County, Connecticut
Georgian architecture in Connecticut
Hampton, Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Connecticut
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut

Hampton Hill Historic District


The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (also called the Balanced Budget Refinement Act or BBRA) is a federal law of the United States, enacted in 1999.  The BBRA was first introduced into the House as H.R. 3075 on October 14, 1999, by Rep. William M. Thomas (R-CA) with 75 cosponsors. It was read twice and then referred to the Senate Committee on Finance.  The bill was then slightly altered and reintroduced by Thomas as H.R. 3426 on November 17, 1999.  After referral to the House committees on Ways and Means and Commerce, it was incorporated by cross-reference in the conference report into H.R. 3194 on November 18, 1999.  The H.R. 3194 bill had been introduced by Rep. Ernest J. Istook, Jr. (R-OK) on November 2, 1999, and was enacted with official title: Making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000, and for other purposes. The State Health Insurance Trial (SCHIP or S. H. 1 - T) was administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

The BBRA was signed by President Bill Clinton on November 29, 1999, after passing in Congress.

References

External links
 , Legislative History
 , Legislative History
 , Legislative History

Medicare and Medicaid (United States)
United States federal health legislation
Acts of the 106th United States Congress


Erasmus Stourton (1603, Narborough, Leicestershire, England – November 1658, Walesby, Lincolnshire, England) was a clergyman and early settler to the Colony of Avalon, Newfoundland in 1627. He is known as one of the earliest Anglican clergyman to come to Newfoundland.

Stourton matriculated from St John's College, Cambridge, in 1619 at the age of sixteen and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1623. He was ordained September 1625 and in 1627 received his MA. Stourton went to Newfoundland in 1627 as chaplain for the Sir George Calvert's colonists at Ferryland. Both he and Calvert did not see eye-to-eye on many things and was consequently banned from the colony in 1628 on Calvert's orders. Calvert calls him "an audacious man, a narrow-minded sectary, and a troublesome meddlesome busy-body". On his return to England, he had complained to the Privy Council to no avail.

Stourton became chaplain to Christopher Villiers, Earl of Anglesey, and rector of Walesby in Lincolnshire from 1631 to 1658.

References

External links

Anglicans, Puritans, and Quakers in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Newfoundland
Colony of Avalon
Religious History of Newfoundland

English emigrants to pre-Confederation Newfoundland
People of British North America
1603 births
1658 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
People from Narborough, Leicestershire

Erasmus Stourton


The Family Resources Survey (FRS) is one of the United Kingdom's largest household surveys. It is carried out by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) with the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen), and Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) on an annual basis, by collecting information on the incomes and characteristics of private households in the United Kingdom. It is sponsored by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).

History
The survey was launched in 1992 to supply DWP with the information it required for policy analysis and it has been conducted annually since then. Before 1992, the department had to rely on other government surveys, for example the Family Expenditure Survey (now established as Living Cost and Food Survey) and the General Household Survey. However their sample sizes proved insufficient for the needs of DWP.

Beginning with a sample size of about 26,000 households, the number was reduced in 1997 to 24,000 households. After Northern Ireland was included in the sample and a 100% boost was introduced for Scotland, the sample size rose to 29,000 households in 2002 across the UK. In the most recent survey, the sample size was nearly 20,000 households.

Further changes occurred in 1998 when certain parts of the questionnaire were dropped in order to reduce the length, and in 1999 a system of rotating blocks of questions was introduced to reduce respondent fatigue. As a result, in recent years, the mean time of an interview is approximately 1 hour long, and the questions asked deal with topics such as the receipt of Social Security benefits, assets and savings, housing costs and income.

In addition, households who take part receive a £10 Post Office voucher, per household, as a token of the FRS's appreciation. Note that the survey sample excludes those living in hostels, communal areas and care homes, as they are not included in the FRS's definition of a "private" household.

At present, the FRS is designated by the UK Statistics Authority as National Statistics. The FRS provides the data for a number of other DWP National Statistics publications: Households Below Average Income, Pensioners' Incomes Series, and Income-Related Benefits: Estimates of Take-up.

Methodology and scope
The interviews are carried out on a face-to-face basis and all adult residents in a household aged 16 and older are interviewed. The reference period is based on the financial year (April to March) and data is released annually.

Survey results
The DWP reviews the survey results and uses the data from the FRS in its Policy Simulation Model (PSM) in order to evaluate existing policies and costing policy options. The FRS data is released annually, around February/ March, and is covered by a published report which has different chapters to highlight the breadth of information the FRS collects, as well as the change that may have occurred since the previous year's publication. For 2023, the release date is 23 March. The chapters included are; Income and State Support, Tenure, Disability, Carers, Pensions, Savings & investments and Self-Employment and Household Food Security.

Furthermore, the FRS supplies data which is incorporated in the analysis of patterns of benefit receipt and benefit forecasting. It is also used to analyze income using Households Below Average Income (HBAI) methodology.

References

External links
 Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) website
 National Centre for Social Research (NatCen) website
 Office of National Statistics
 National Statistics

Family economics
Household surveys
Office for National Statistics
Publications established in 1992

Family Resources Survey


Geography

Location
Solms lies right in the Lahn valley at the mouth of the eponymous little river Solmsbach and is nestled between the foothills of both the Taunus and Westerwald at heights from 140 to 400 m above sea level. It is about 7 km west of Wetzlar and 30 km northeast of Limburg an der Lahn.

Neighbouring communities
Solms borders in the north on the community of Ehringshausen and the town of Aßlar, in the east on the town of Wetzlar, in the southeast on the community of Schöffengrund, in the southwest on the town of Braunfels and in the west on the town of Leun (all in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis).

Constituent communities
The town consists of the following centres:
Albshausen
 Burgsolms
 Niederbiel
 Oberbiel
 Oberndorf

Solms is a town west of Wetzlar in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis, Hessen, Germany with around 13,500 inhabitants. In the constituent community of Burgsolms once stood the ancestral castle of the Counts and Princes of Solms.

Politics

Town council

The municipal elections in 2011 yielded the following results:

Note: FWG is a citizens' coalition.

Town of Solms Youth Council
Since 2002 there has been a Town of Solms Youth Council serving as the town's official board representing youth's interests and needs. It is elected every two years by children and youths who either live in the town or go to the comprehensive school.

Partnerships
The town of Solms maintains partnerships with the following places:
  Liezen, Styria, Austria
   La Grand-Combe, Gard, France
  Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig, Thuringia, Germany

Economy and infrastructure
Oberbiel is home to two commercial-industrial areas. A shipping company has set up shop at the newer one, while the older one, on an island in the river Lahn, was established in the early 20th century. It was originally home to a brad factory, a wireworks and a ball bearing factory.

History
Solms had its first documentary mention in 788 in a donation document from the Lorsch Monastery. The villages that nowadays form the town of Solms belonged for centuries to the County of Solms, an independent state within the Holy Roman Empire, elevated to a county in 1223, until it was dissolved in 1806. Early branches of the House of Solms<ref>See German article House of Solms or French article Maison de Solms.</ref> were Burgsolms (extinguished 1415), Konigsberg (near Biebertal, extinguished 1364), Old and New Hohensolms (at Hohenahr, extinguished in the 14th century) and Braunfels. The still existing lines are the princely branches of Solms-Braunfels, Solms-Hohensolms-Lich with their seat in Lich and Solms-Baruth, furthermore the Counts of Solms-Laubach with their seat in Laubach, Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim with their seat in Assenheim, Solms-Sonnewalde and Solms-Wildenfels. The Burgsolms castle at Solms, ancestral seat of the family since around 1100, was destroyed in 1384 by a coalition of nearby towns under the leadership of Wetzlar, forcing count John to move to Greifenstein castle.

After a short while being part of the Duchy of Nassau, Solms passed to Prussia in 1815.

As part of Hesse's municipal reforms, the communities of Albshausen and Oberbiel voluntarily merged on 1 July 1971 to form Bielhausen, while Burgsolms and Oberndorf did the same to form Solms. By state law, these two new communities were amalgamated with Niederbiel on 1 January 1977 to make the new greater community of Solms, which in 1978 was granted town rights.

A new residential area has been being built on the western edge of Oberbiel since the 1990s.

Sightseeing

 Kloster Altenberg (Altenberg Monastery) - Burial place of the blessed Gertrud von Altenberg (1227-1297), Saint Elisabeth's daughter Grube Fortuna (Oberbiel) - Visitors' Mine including a light and mine railway museum  (Iron ore was mined here until 1983.)Stone Bench (Oberbiel Forest) - A secluded place, that may have originally served as a hunting post Jewish Cemetery (Burgsolms) - Tombstones from 1705 to 1939Gallows of Solms (Forest between Burgsolms/Oberndorf and Albshausen) - Memorial against death penalty: Erected in stone in 1750, the gallows has never been used for an execution.Schäferburg ("Shepherd's castle", Niederbiel) - Log cabin and barbecue area on the edge of the forest (Westerwald side) overlooking the city and the Lahn valley''
Former Hunting Lodge Dr. Roth, later a children's home (Albshausen) - A kind of counterpart to Niederbiel's "Schäferburg" on the Taunus side (built around 1920)
Old Station Braunfels-Oberndorf (Oberndorf) - Representative building on the disused Solmsbach-valley-route to Brandoberndorf

Images

References

External links
 Grube Fortuna homepage

1258 disestablishments in Europe
States and territories established in 1129
Youth councils
Lahn-Dill-Kreis

Solms


Lavandula dentata, the fringed lavender or French lavender, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean basin, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and the Arabian peninsula. Growing to  tall, it has gray-green, linear or lance-shaped leaves with toothed edges and a lightly woolly texture. The long-lasting, narrow spikes of purple flowers, topped with pale violet bracts, first appear in late spring. The whole plant is strongly aromatic with the typical lavender fragrance.

Its native habitat includes low hills with limestone substrates amidst other shrubs. It is present on Madeira and the Canary Islands.

One of several species known by the English common name French lavender (see also Lavandula stoechas), it is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and its essential oil is used in perfumes. Like other lavenders, it is particularly associated with dry, sunny, well-drained conditions in alkaline soil.  But it will tolerate a range of conditions, though it may be short-lived. The cultivar L. dentata var. dentata 'Royal Crown' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.  It requires some shelter in frost-prone areas.

Gallery

References

External links

 Plant of the Week

dentata
Flora of Spain
Garden plants of Europe
Drought-tolerant plants
Medicinal plants
Flora of the Mediterranean Basin
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Malta

Lavandula dentata


Vera McKechnie (born c. July 1927) is a retired British presenter who was one of the first presenters at the start of BBC Children's Television in the early 1950s.

Television career
McKechnie began her career when the BBC resumed TV broadcasts after the Second World War. On  BBC Children's Television she narrated the earliest live editions of Andy Pandy from 1950, in which she told a story as it was acted out by string puppets. The programme was aimed at very young children under primary school starting age of five years at the time. The programme was broadcast during the school day and part of a series of five known as Watch with Mother, one of which one was broadcast each weekday. When the broadcasts began, the main BBC transmitters only covered London and the southeast from Alexandra Palace, Birmingham and the Midlands from Sutton Coldfield, and Manchester and the northwest from Holme Moss.

She was a TV in-vision announcer from 1955 until 1960, and later worked for BBC Children's Television as presenter of For Deaf Children, 1956. Other TV work was Focus, 1958 to 1960; Picture Book, 1963 to 1965; narrator, Andy Pandy, 1970.

From 1955 to about 1958 she was the main presenter of Studio E, a magazine programme for older children aged around 9–14. Studio E lasted around 55 minutes and came from the studio of the same name at the BBC's west London studios in Lime Grove, Shepherd's Bush, since demolished.

Personal life
After television she became a teacher, spending 15 years at Roedean School and then in Broadstairs, Kent then St Margaret's School, Bushey.

References

External links

1927 births
Living people
British television presenters
Educational broadcasting in the United Kingdom

Vera McKechnie


The Battle of the Somme (US title, Kitchener's Great Army in the Battle of the Somme), is a 1916 British documentary and propaganda war film, shot by two official cinematographers, Geoffrey Malins and John McDowell. The film depicts the British Expeditionary Force in the preliminaries and early days of the Battle of the Somme (1 July – 18 November 1916). The film premièred in London on 10 August 1916 and was released generally on 21 August. The film depicts trench warfare, marching infantry, artillery firing on German positions, British troops waiting to attack on 1 July, treatment of wounded British and German soldiers, British and German dead and captured German equipment and positions. A scene during which British troops crouch in a ditch then "go over the top" was staged for the camera behind the lines.

The film was a great success, watched by about 20 million people in Britain in the first six weeks of exhibition and distributed in eighteen other countries. A second film, covering a later phase of the battle, was released in 1917 as The Battle of the Ancre and the Advance of the Tanks. In 1920 the film was preserved in the film archive of the Imperial War Museum. In 2005 it was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register and digitally restored, and in 2008, was released on DVD. The Battle of the Somme is significant as an early example of film propaganda, an historical record of the battle and as a popular source of footage illustrating the First World War.

Film

Content

The Battle of the Somme is a black-and-white silent film in five parts, with sequences divided by intertitles summarising the contents. The first part shows preparations for battle behind the British front line; there are sequences of troops marching towards the front, French peasants continuing their farm work in rear areas, the stockpiling of munitions, Major-General Beauvoir De Lisle addresses the 29th Division and some of the preparatory bombardment by 18-pounder, 60-pounder and 4.7-inch guns, 6-inch, 9.2-inch howitzers and 2-inch mortars is shown. The second part depicts more preparations, troops moving into front line trenches, the intensification of the artillery barrage by 12-inch and 15-inch howitzers, a 9.45-inch Heavy Mortar and the detonation of the mine under the Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt. Part three begins with the attack on First day on the Somme (1 July 1916), with some re-enactments and shows the recovery of British wounded and German prisoners. The fourth part shows more scenes of British and German wounded, the clearing of the battlefield and some of the aftermath. The final part shows scenes of devastation, including the ruins of the village of Mametz, British troops at rest and preparations for the next stage of the advance.

Production

Background

On 2 November 1915, the British Topical Committee for War Films, representing British newsreel producers and supported by the War Office, despatched two cameramen to France. Geoffrey Malins of Gaumont British and Edward Tong of Jury's Imperial Pictures, were to shoot footage for short newsreels. By early June Tong had fallen ill and been sent home but he and Malins had made five series of newsreels, which although well-received, had failed to impress the British cinema trade. John McDowell, of the British & Colonial film company, volunteered to replace Tong and left for France on 23 June 1916. On 24 June, the British Army began the preparatory artillery bombardment of German positions for the Battle of the Somme.

Photography

Malins and McDowell shot the film between 26 June and . Malins filmed in the vicinity of Beaumont Hamel, on attachment with the 29th Division (VIII Corps);  McDowell worked further south near Fricourt and Mametz with the 7th Division (XV Corps). Before the battle, Malins worked at the north end of the British Somme sector, photographing troops on the march and heavy artillery west of Gommecourt. De Lisle suggested to Malins that he view the bombardment of Beaumont Hamel from Jacob's Ladder, near White City, an abrupt drop down the side of a valley, with about  cut into the ground, showing up white because of the chalk. Sappers had dug the large mine under Hawthorn Ridge in front of White City near Beaumont Hamel. German shells were falling as Malins made his way to Lanwick Street Trench. Malins had to rise above the parapet to remove sandbags and then set up his camera, which was camouflaged with sackcloth.

Malins returned to film the speech by de Lisle to the 2nd Royal Fusiliers, after which Malins heard of the postponement of the battle for . Malins returned to White City to film the bombardment of the Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt by trench mortars, during which there were three misfires, which destroyed a trench-mortar position nearby. On 1 July Malins filmed troops of the 1st Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers waiting to advance at Beaumont Hamel from a sunken lane in no man's land, which had been occupied by digging a  tunnel overnight. Malins then went back to Jacob's ladder to film the explosion of the Hawthorn Ridge mine. At  Malins began filming and the mine detonation shook the ground as troops of Royal Engineers advanced on either side to occupy the crater.

Later in the day a shell explosion damaged the camera tripod; Malins repaired it and in the evening filmed roll-calls. Next day Malins shot film at La Boisselle before leaving for London around 9 July. Malins returned to France and from  filmed sequences of shellfire and of troops advancing from trenches, staged for the camera at a Third Army mortar school near St Pol.  McDowell reached the Somme front after Malins and began filming British preparations on 28 or 29 June, to the east of Albert.  He covered the opening day of the battle from the vicinity of Carnoy and from the dressing-station at Minden Post. The success of the 7th Division enabled McDowell to film captured German trenches near Fricourt and Mametz.

Editing

On 10 July, Brigadier-General John Charteris reported to the War Office that some  of footage had been shot and recommended that sections of film should be released as soon as possible. Footage was first viewed as a negative on 12 July and Charles Urban is thought to have begun work on the film as editor, with the assistance of Malins. Urban later claimed to have proposed that the film be issued as a feature film rather than in short sections. The change in format was agreed with the British Topical Committee for War Films and a  cut of the film was ready by 19 July. Much of the footage was censored from the public version, as the War Office wanted the film to contain images that would support the war effort and raise morale. A  version was ready by 31 July and a rough cut was screened at the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) General Headquarters (GHQ) at Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais and at the Fourth Army headquarters. The commander Lieutenant-General Henry Rawlinson said "some of it is very good but it cut out many of the horrors in dead and wounded". The film was shown to the Secretary of State for War, David Lloyd George, on 2 August and members of the cinema trade late on 7 August, the day that the film received final approval for release.

Release

The film comprises five reels and is  long. The first screening took place on 10 August 1916 at the Scala Theatre, to an audience of journalists, Foreign Office officials, cinema trade figures and officers of the Imperial General Staff. The screening was preceded by the reading of a letter from Lloyd George, exhorting the audience to "see that this picture, which is in itself an epic of self-sacrifice and gallantry, reaches everyone. Herald the deeds of our brave men to the ends of the earth. This is your duty".

A musical medley with excerpts from classical, folk, contemporary and popular pieces, to be played in cinemas by accompanying musicians, was devised by J. Morton Hutcheson and published in The Bioscope on 17 August 1916. On 21 August, the film began showing simultaneously in thirty-four London cinemas and opened in provincial cities the following week, when the film was shown simultaneously at twenty cinemas in Birmingham, at least twelve cinemas in Glasgow and Edinburgh, six cinemas in Cardiff and three in Leeds. The Royal Family received a private screening at Windsor Castle on 2 September; the film was exhibited in more than eighteen countries.

Reception

Britain

The popularity of the film was unprecedented and cinemas played the film for longer runs than usual, often to packed houses, while some arranged additional screenings to meet demand. The film is thought to have achieved attendance figures of twenty million in its first six weeks of release. The film also attracted more middle-class audiences, some of whom had never been to a cinema before. William Jury, as the film's booking director, initially charged exhibitors £40, with the fee decreasing by £5 a week; after two months, a reduced fee of £6 for three nights put the film within the price range of village halls wishing to show the film. By October 1916, the film had been booked by more than two thousand cinemas in Britain, earning over £30,000.
British authorities showed the film to the public as a morale-booster and in general it met with a favourable reception. The Times reported on 22 August that

Some members of the audience considered it immoral to portray scenes of violence; Hensley Henson, the Dean of Durham, protested "against an entertainment which wounds the heart and violates the very sanctity of bereavement". Others complained that such a serious film shared the cinema programme with comedy films. On 28 August, the Yorkshire Evening Post printed the comment, attributed to Lloyd George, "If the exhibition of this Picture all over the world does not end War, God help civilisation". The film was shown to British troops in France from 5 September; Lieutenant-Colonel Rowland Feilding, an officer who saw the film in a muddy field near Morlancourt, described it as "a wonderful and most realistic production" but criticised the film for failing to record the sound of rifles and machine-guns, although there was an artillery accompaniment from guns firing nearby. Feilding suggested that the film could reassure new recruits, by giving them some idea of what to expect in battle; the intertitles were forthright, describing images of injury and death.

International
The film was shown in New Zealand in October 1916. On 12 October, the Wellington Evening Post ran an advertisement for the film, describing it as "the extraordinary films of 'the big push' and "an awe-inspiring, glorious presentation of what our heroes are accomplishing today". In a review published on 16 October, it was written that "these pictures of the Battle of the Somme are a real and valuable contribution to the nation's knowledge and a powerful spur to national effort". The film premièred in Australia on 13 October at Hoyt's Picture Theatre in Melbourne. The Melbourne Argus considered that after the attack sequence, "... you are not in a Melbourne picture theatre, but in the very forefront of the Somme battle" and called the film "this moving reality of battle".

The film and its reception attracted great interest in Germany, which was able to read a report from a neutral reporter in London, filed in the . British cinema was said to be taking a serious view of the war, helped by the government, which had arranged for the production of "real war films", The Battle of the Somme was "absorbing" and had attracted huge audiences. German troops recovered a letter from a British civilian, who had seen the film on 26 August and written to a soldier in France, describing the issue of a leaflet to each filmgoer that stated that the film was not entertainment but an official film. Having viewed the film, the writer was sure that it would enlighten the audience in a way never before achieved.

Other films
During the second week of August, King George V, Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, and Lloyd George toured the Western Front and were filmed by Malins. The War Office released the film in October as The King Visits His Armies in the Great Advance. Malins made a third film The Battle of the Ancre and the Advance of the Tanks which opened in January 1917. In the same month a German film With our Heroes on the Somme was shown but "lacked the immediacy" of the British film, being re-enactments at training establishments behind the lines, which received a lukewarm reception. A booklet to accompany the film proclaimed that it depicted "the German will in war" and implied that the enemies of Germany were using colonial troops to undermine "German honour". Malins' final feature film The German Retreat and the Battle of Arras was released in June 1917, showing the destruction of Péronne and the first British troops across the Somme, following-up the German withdrawal; the film failed to attract the audiences of 1916.

Preservation
In 1920 the original nitrate negative was passed to the Imperial War Museum for preservation. A nitrate protection archive master was made in 1921 and an acetate safety master in 1931. The nitrate masters were destroyed in the 1970s after the onset of irreversible nitrate decomposition. Excerpts have been taken for television documentaries, including The Great War (1964. BBC), The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century (1996, PBS) and The First World War (2003, Channel 4). The film was offered on VHS in 1987, as the first title from the Imperial War Museum film archive to be released on video. In 2005, The Battle of the Somme was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register for the preservation of global documentary heritage. The film was described by UNESCO as a "compelling documentary record of one of the key battles of the First World War [and] the first feature-length documentary film record of combat produced anywhere in the world" and had "played a major part in establishing the methodology of documentary and propaganda film."

Recent screenings
On 22 October 2006, after a restoration project, a refined version of the film was screened at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, accompanied by the Philharmonia Orchestra performing an original orchestral score by Laura Rossi. The restoration was later nominated for an Archive Restoration or Preservation Project award by the Federation of Commercial Audiovisual Libraries. In November 2008, the restored film was released on DVD, to mark the 90th anniversary of the Armistice with Germany in 1918. The DVD included the score by Laura Rossi, an accompanying 1916 musical medley, a commentary by Roger Smither, a film archivist at the Imperial War Museum and interviews with Smither, Rossi, Toby Haggith (film archivist) and Stephen Horne (silent film musician) on the reconstruction of the contemporary medley; film fragments and missing scenes were also included in the DVD.

In 2012, with the support of the Imperial War Museum, there were public screenings of the restored film accompanied by a live orchestra playing the soundtrack of Rossi's music. Somme100 FILM has a target of a hundred performances of the film by amateur and professional orchestras in the centenary year, between July 2016 and July 2017.

See also

 The Somme (1927)
 The Somme – From Defeat to Victory (2006)
 War film
 History of the United Kingdom during the First World War#Media

Notes

Footnotes

References

Books

Journals

Newspapers

Websites

Further reading

Books

Journals

websites

External links

 BBC article
 Filmography, British Topical Committee for War Films

 Viewpoint: The WW1 film over 20 million people went to see, 7 November 2014, BBC
 Screenings of the film in 2012 with live soundtrack of Laura Rossi's score
 Somme100 FILM - The Battle of the Somme Centenary Tour 2016
 Somme100 FILM - List of Performances of The Battle of the Somme in 2016

1916 films
1916 documentary films
Black-and-white documentary films
British documentary films
British silent feature films
British World War I propaganda films
British black-and-white films
Western Front (World War I) films
Memory of the World Register
Collection of the Imperial War Museum
Documentary films about the Battle of the Somme
1916 war films
1910s British films
Silent war films

The Battle of the Somme (film)


Paul Gustave Marie Camille Hazard (; 30 August 1878, in Noordpeene, Nord – 13 April 1944, in Paris), was a French professor and historian of ideas.

Biography
Hazard was the son of a school teacher. Starting in 1900, he attended the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He received a doctorate from the Sorbonne in 1910 and became famous for his Ph.D. dissertation La Révolution française et les lettres italiennes (1910).

Hazard began his career at the University of Lyon in 1910, teaching comparative literature. In 1919 he began teaching also at the Sorbonne. In 1925 Hazard was appointed to the chair of comparative literature at the Collège de France in Paris. In alternating years, from 1932 until 1940, he was a visiting lecturer at Columbia University in New York. During the 1920s and 1930s, Hazard also lectured at other American schools. He was elected to the Académie française in 1939.

After finishing his semester of teaching at Columbia in 1940, Hazard voluntarily returned to Nazi occupied France in January 1941. He continued to teach, at Lyon and Paris, and to study. Later that same year Hazard was nominated to the rectorship of the University of Paris, but was rejected by the Nazis as unacceptable. Working under what have been described as cruel circumstances, he completed European Thought in the Eighteenth Century. In the year of his death, an article, Pour que vive l'âme de la France (So That the Soul of France May Live), appeared in the clandestine review France de demain.

Hazard died in Paris on 13 April 1944.

Published works
Hazard founded, with Fernand Baldensperger, the Revue de littérature comparée in 1921. Some of his important writings are Histoire illustrée de la littérature française (comp. with Joseph Bédier, 2 vol., 1923–24); Leopardi (1913); Lamartine (1926); Stendhal (1927); Don Quichotte (1931); and Les livres, les enfants et les hommes (1932)  (Books, Children and Men tr. 1944). This last work has been described as a sensitive appraisal of works written either for very young readers, or taken over by them, covering all Europe over many centuries. In this book, he was the first to point out that Northern Europe surpassed Southern Europe in children's literature.

Hazard is known today mainly for two works. The first was La Crise de la conscience européenne, 1935 (The European Mind, the Critical Years, 1680-1715, tr. 1952). This work examined the conflict between 17th-century Neoclassicism and its ideals of order and perfection and the ideas of the Enlightenment.

The other was his last completed work La Pensée européenne au XVIIIème siècle, de Montesquieu à Lessing (1946) (European Thought in the Eighteenth Century from Montesquieu to Lessing, tr. 1954 by J. Lewis May) published posthumously in 1946. This work was a continuation of the subject matter discussed in The European Mind. Apparently, Hazard intended a third volume which would have focused on "the Man of Feeling. On that enterprise we have already embarked. One day, perchance, we shall complete it. One day, si vis suppeditat, as the Romans used to say." (European Thought in the Eighteenth Century, p. xx)  Hazard did not live to complete it.

Sources
  Ricuperati, Giuseppe. "Paul Hazard e la Storiografia dell'Illuminismo.",[Paul Hazard and Enlightenment historiography] Rivista Storica Italiana (1974) 86#2: 372-404.
Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia entry at Answers.com
From Encyclopædia Britannica

References

1878 births
1944 deaths
People from Nord (French department)
20th-century French historians
University of Paris alumni
École Normale Supérieure alumni
Academic staff of the Collège de France
Academic staff of the University of Lyon
Columbia University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Members of the Académie Française
Lycée Lakanal alumni
French male writers
Comparative literature academics

Paul Hazard


The Hull's Trace North Huron River Corduroy Segment is a portion of Hull's Trace (also called Hull's Trail), a military road running from Urbana, Ohio, to Detroit. Hull's Trace was one of the first federal and military roads in the United States. This segment, the only known extant portion of the Trace, contains the remains of a corduroy road, and is located at approximately 36000 W Jefferson Avenue in Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan. The North Huron River Corduroy Segment of Hull's Trace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. As of 2014 it has been preserved and made accessible to the public as the Hulls Trace Unit of the River Raisin National Battlefield Park.

History
At the beginning of the War of 1812, the United States was concerned about supplying Fort Detroit, then in American hands, and the surrounding Michigan Territory. Since Lake Erie was controlled by British forces, overland supply was the only option. In June and July 1812, troops under the command of General William Hull constructed what became known as "Hull's Trace," a  military road running from Urbana, Ohio, to Fort Detroit. The section of road represented here was constructed on July 4, 1812. The original trace included a wooden bridge over the Huron River and segment of corduroy road on the north side of the bridge. The corduroy construction stabilized the marshy soil into a usable roadbed.

Hull's Trace ran close to both Lake Erie and the Detroit River, making it vulnerable to British attacks from the water. The first land-based skirmish of the war, the Battle of Brownstown, was fought on the road just north of this section of the road. The later battles of Maguaga and Frenchtown were also fought along the trace.

At the end of 1815, cognizant of the poor condition of interior roads and the adverse impact it had on the outcome of the War of 1812, General Andrew Jackson suggested building a military road from New Orleans to the Tennessee River. The United States Congress approved Jackson's suggestion in 1816; but work on the New Orleans road was not started until 1817. In 1816, troops began improving the section of Hull's Trace from Detroit to Fort Meigs, making it the first federally supported military road in the United States.

Support for these military roads gained steam, and in April 1818, the United States Congress instructed then-Secretary of War John C. Calhoun to form a plan "for the purpose of opening and constructing such roads and canals as may deserve and require the aid of the Government with a view to military operations in time of war." Calhoun's plan included the then-ongoing improvement of Hull's Trace from Detroit to Fort Meigs. The trace was renamed the "Great Military Road".

Major General Alexander Macomb was tasked with the work on the roadway. Around 150–200 soldiers worked to improve the roadway, and 1819 it was in a usable state. By 1822, the difficulties of maintaining the roadway through the low, wet land was apparent when it was "almost impossible for wagons (even in good weather)" and "in the fall and spring it [was] almost impossible to travel it on horseback". A replacement roadway was built by the military,  inland starting in 1824 and completed in 1829.

The route eventually morphed into a civilian road, serving as a major link between Detroit and Toledo. Much of the trace became what is now known as West Jefferson Avenue. The replacement road, called the "United States Road", the "Detroit–Frenchtown Road" or the "Toledo & Detroit Turnpike" survives as River Road or US Turnpike in Monroe and Wayne counties.

Description
The North Huron River Corduroy Segment of Hull's Trace is located along the west side of Jefferson Avenue, just north of the Jefferson Avenue–Huron River Bridge. This corduroy road segment consists of a series of logs oriented approximately horizontally, emerging from the Jefferson Avenue embankment near the water level of Silver Creek. Around 600 logs are included in the exposed section of the trace, spread out in a broken sequence over a distance of approximately . Some logs still exhibit axe marks. The logs are of similar diameter and lie parallel to each other.

Images

See also

References

External links

Michigan in the War of 1812
National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, Michigan
1812 establishments in the United States
Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Huron River (Michigan)


Burmese tofu is a food made from water and chickpea flour. Unlike regular tofu, it does not have soy in it.

To make it, water, chickpea flour, turmeric, and salt are mixed. This mixture is then heated up until it looks and feels like cream. After that it is allowed to cool down and get hard.

It came from the Shan people of Burma.

Myanmar
Asian foods

Burmese tofu


Verónica Boquete (born 9 April 1987 in Santiago de Compostela) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Associazione Calcio Milan of Serie A in Italy. She was international with the Spanish team, of which she became captain.

Since February 2015 she has been a UEFA ambassador for the development of women's football, and since 2017 she has been part of the CommonGoal community of footballers, an initiative led by Juan Mata, also from Spain, who fights for the social reintegration of children in through the funds raised with 1% of the salary of the community footballers.

1987 births
Spanish footballers
People from Santiago de Compostela
Living people

Vero Boquete


Moyle Sherer (or Joseph Moyle Sherer; 18 February 1789 – 15 November 1869) was a British army officer, traveller and writer.

Early life
Moyle was born in Southampton, the youngest son of Joseph Sherer. He was lineally descended, through his grandmother, from the Moyles of Bake, Cornwall. Aged twelve he was sent to Winchester College, but left on obtaining a commission in the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot (which later became part of the Border Regiment).

In 1809 his corps was ordered to Portugal, and was soon engaged in the Peninsula War. The regiment took part in the Battle of Albuera, the Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos, and the Battle of Vitoria. In the summer of 1813, Sherer was taken prisoner at the Battle of Maya, and was removed to France, where he remained for two years, living chiefly at Bayonne.

Writing career
In 1818 the 34th went out to Madras (present-day Chennai), and from there Sherer sent home the manuscript of his first book, Sketches of India. It was published in 1821, and went through four editions. He returned to England in 1823 and, encouraged by his success, produced Recollections of the Peninsula, which was also popular and reached a fifth edition.

In 1824 his Scenes and Impressions in Egypt and Italy followed, an account of his pioneering experience of an overland route. In 1825 Sherer turned to fiction, and wrote The Story of a Life, in two volumes, which passed through three editions. In the same year a visit to the continent produced a volume entitled A Ramble in Germany (1826). While in India, Sherer had acquired evangelical religious views, and, anxious to promote them among his comrades in the army, published in 1827 a treatise, Religio Militis.

In 1829 he returned to fiction, and brought out Tales of the Wars of our Times, in two volumes. This work proved less successful than some of its predecessors. Of a Life of Wellington, which he contributed to Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, 1830–2, the first volume passed through three editions, and the second through four. In 1837 he published his final work of fiction, The Broken Font, set in the English Civil War (two volumes), which was less successful. In 1838 he produced a volume of extracts from his earlier works, named Imagery of Foreign Travel.

Retirement
Moyle was a keen soldier; he was promoted to a brevet majority in 1830, and became a captain in 1831. He had little taste for garrison life, and about 1836 he retired from the army and lived at Claverton Farm, near Bath. For many years, though changing his residence, he remained in the same neighbourhood. Towards the end of his life he became mentally ill, and moved to Brislington House near Bristol. He died there in 1869, and was buried in Brislington churchyard.

References

Attribution

External links

1789 births
1869 deaths
34th Regiment of Foot officers
British Army personnel of the Peninsular War
Writers from British India
19th-century English writers

Moyle Sherer


Lewis John Edwards OBE (27 May 1904 – 23 November 1959) was a British university lecturer, trade union leader and Labour Party politician who sat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and was President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Life and career
Edwards was born in Aylesbury, the son of a railwayman, and educated at the Aylesbury Grammar School. After working for a bank, he studied for the priesthood at the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield, but decided his vocation lay outside the church. He then completed a degree in Economics at Leeds University.

He became a staff tutor at the University of Leeds and lectured in economics for the Workers Educational Association. He was elected to Leeds City Council, and after working in a university appointment in Birmingham, he became secretary for adult education at Liverpool University.

While at Liverpool, he was elected general secretary of the Post Office Engineering Union. He was elected as Member of Parliament for Blackburn in the United Kingdom general election of 1945. He became Parliamentary Private Secretary to Stafford Cripps at the Board of Trade, and then in 1947 he was made Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health. He carried through Parliament the National Assistance Act 1948, which abolished the remaining parts of the Poor Law, an achievement of which he was particularly proud.

In 1949 he returned to the Board of Trade as Parliamentary Secretary, supporting the President, Harold Wilson. In the election of 1950 he lost his Blackburn seat, but shortly after was elected in a by-election to the Yorkshire seat of Brighouse and Spenborough. In the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Sir Stafford Cripps as Chancellor of the Exchequer, he was appointed Economic Secretary to the Treasury, and held the post until the government lost the election of 1951.

In opposition he became Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, and a member of the British parliamentary delegation to the Council of Europe from 1955, where he was elected in 1957 as vice-president and in April 1959 as President of the Consultative Assembly.

Personal life
He married Dorothy May Watson in 1931 and had two daughters: Valerie Hope Edwards, who married Baron Roper, the Labour MP John Roper; and Margaret Elaine Edwards, who married Sir Christopher Jenkins, First Parliamentary Counsel 1994–1997.

Edwards sat for photographic portraits by Walter Stoneman; the negatives are held by the National Portrait Gallery, London.

Death
In November 1959, in Strasbourg on Council of Europe business, he died suddenly of heart disease, aged 55. Then Labour leader, Hugh Gaitskell, was quoted as saying that "his notable administrative gifts would have ensured him an important post in any future Labour government".

References

 Obituary, The Times, 24 November 1959

External links

1904 births
1959 deaths
Alumni of the University of Leeds
General Secretaries of the Post Office Engineering Union
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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John Edwards (Labour politician)


Andrzej Morozowski (born 13 June 1957 in Warsaw) is a Polish journalist, television personality and writer, connected with Radio ZET and TVN 24.

Biography

Andrzej Morozowski was born on 13 June 1957 in Warsaw into a Polish-Jewish family, as a son of the communist politician Mordechaj Mozes Morozowski. Morozowski was raised without any religion. After 1968 Polish political crisis his family stayed in Poland.

Morozowski graduated Theatre studies from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy in Warsaw. From 1990 to 2000 he worked for Radio ZET and Polish Television. Since 2001 Andrzej Morozowski has been working in the private television TVN 24, where he was presenting many auditions: Skaner polityczny (The Political Scanner), Bohater tygodnia (A hero of the Week), Studio 24, Kuluary (The Couloirs), Rozmowa bardzo polityczna (A very political conversation) and Prześwietlenie (The X-ray). In the years 2005-2010 Andrzej Morozowski and Tomasz Sekielski were presenting one of the most popular political shows in Polish television, Teraz my (Now we). Since 2010 he is leading his own show, Tak jest.

He is married with the Gazeta Wyborcza journalist, Agata Nowakowska. They have one son, Jan Morozowski.

Books
 Teraz my prześwietlamy, Warsaw 2009
 Piękna dwudziestoletnia: 12 rozmów o wolnej Polsce, Warsaw 2009
 Koniec PiS-u: z Michałem Kamińskim rozmawia Andrzej Morozowski, Warsaw 2012

References

1957 births
Living people
Polish television journalists
Polish radio journalists
Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw alumni
Polish people of Jewish descent

Andrzej Morozowski


Alonzo Hereford Cushing (January 19, 1841 – July 3, 1863) was an artillery officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was killed in action during the Battle of Gettysburg while defending the Union position on Cemetery Ridge against Pickett's Charge. In 2013, 150 years after Cushing's death, he was nominated for the Medal of Honor. The nomination was approved by the United States Congress, and was sent for review by the Defense Department and the President.

On August 26, 2014, the White House announced he would be posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, with President Obama presiding over the official ceremony on November 6, 2014. Helen Bird Loring Ensign, a first cousin twice removed, accepted the medal on Cushing's behalf, as Cushing left no direct descendants.

Early life
Cushing was born in what is now the city of Delafield, Wisconsin, and raised in Fredonia, New York. His younger brother was future Union Navy officer Cdr. William B. Cushing. They were the youngest of four brothers who eventually served in the Union forces. Their brother Howard was killed during the Indian Wars campaign in 1871.

Civil War service

Cushing graduated from the United States Military Academy in the class of June 1861, and received commissions as second and first lieutenant on the same day. He was brevetted major following the Battle of Chancellorsville. Cushing commanded Battery A, 4th U.S. Artillery at Gettysburg, and was hailed by contemporaries as heroic in his actions on the third day of the battle. He was wounded three times. First, a shell fragment went straight through his shoulder. He was then grievously wounded by a second shell fragment, which tore into his abdomen and groin. This wound exposed his intestines, which he held in place with his hand as he continued to command his battery. After these injuries, a higher-ranking officer said, "Cushing, go to the rear." Cushing, due to the limited number of men left, refused to fall back. The severity of his wounds left him unable to yell his orders above the sounds of battle. Thus, he was held aloft by his 1st Sergeant Frederick Füger, who faithfully passed on Cushing's commands. Cushing was killed when a bullet entered his mouth and exited through the back of his skull. He died on the field at the height of the assault. He was 22 years old.

His body was returned to his family and then interred in the West Point Cemetery in Section 26, Row A, Grave 7. His headstone bears, at the behest of his mother, Mary, the inscription "Faithful unto Death." His grave is next to that of Major General John Buford, another hero of Gettysburg, who had chosen the battlefield that Cushing had died defending.

Cushing was posthumously cited for gallantry with a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel.

Medal of Honor

Cushing was nominated for a belated award of the Medal of Honor, beginning with a letter campaign in the late 1980s by a constituent of Senator William Proxmire of Wisconsin. Margaret Zerwekh began her campaign to honor Cushing in 1987 with a letter to Senator Proxmire.  She lived on property once owned by Cushing's father in Delafield, Wisconsin and spent years researching his background.  For years, she received form letters in return to her letters advocating for Cushing until the early 2000s.  The measure was also advocated by Congressman Ron Kind of Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. In 2002, Senator Russ Feingold (D-WI) nominated Cushing for the Medal of Honor and, following a lengthy investigation, the U.S. Army approved the nomination in February 2010.  In order for the medal to be awarded, it had to be approved by the United States Congress. It was announced on May 20, 2010, that Cushing would receive the Medal of Honor, 147 years after his death.

However, the provision granting Cushing the Medal of Honor was removed from a defense spending bill by Senator Jim Webb (D-VA) in December 2012. In December 2013, the Senate passed a defense bill that included a provision granting Cushing the Medal of Honor. The nomination was sent to the Defense Department for review, before being approved by President Barack Obama. On August 26, 2014, the White House announced Cushing would be posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. On November 6, 2014, 151 years after Alonzo Cushing's death, President Obama presented the award at a ceremony at the White House, attended by two dozen relatives of the Cushing family.
Cushing was awarded the Medal of Honor by Department of the Army General Order (DAGO) 2014-76 dated December 19, 2014.

Medal of Honor Citation

Legacy
Alonzo H. Cushing Camp #5 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War serves the Ozaukee County region of Wisconsin.

A small state park in Delafield was dedicated to the memory of Cushing and two of his brothers, William and Howard. While the park remains dedicated to the memory of the Cushing brothers, it is now the property of the City of Delafield.

Cushing Elementary School in Delafield (part of the Kettle Moraine School District) is also named after the brothers.

A stone monument in honor of Cushing marks the spot where he was killed during the Battle of Gettysburg. The marker is located on Cemetery Ridge, along Hancock Avenue, at The Angle.

In 2015, the Commandery-in-Chief of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) posthumously elected Lieutenant Cushing as a companion of the Order.

NFL Houston Texans linebacker Brian Cushing is a distant relative of Alonzo Cushing and his brothers.

Stephen Vincent Benet's poem "John Brown's Body" contains a stanza commemorating Cushing's death at Gettysburg:

"Cushing ran down the last of his guns to the battle-line.

The rest had been smashed to scrap by Lee's artillery fire.

He held his guts in his hand as the charge came up to the wall,

And his gun spoke out for him once before he fell to the ground."

See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Gettysburg
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

Notes

References
 Brown, Kent Masterson. Cushing of Gettysburg. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993; .

Further reading
 Fuger, Frederick. 1908. "Cushing's Battery at Gettysburg". Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States. p. 41.
 Haight, Theron Wilber. Three Wisconsin Cushings: A Sketch of the Lives of Howard B., Alonzo H. and William B. Cushing, Children of a Pioneer Family of Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Madison: Wisconsin History Commission, 1910. .
 Langworthy, Todd. The Cushing Boys of Fredonia: Soldiers of the Civil War. [S.l: s.n.], 2009.
 "Winning a Battle to Honor a Civil War Hero", New York Times, June 11, 2010; accessed November 7, 2014.

External links

 Army.mil Spotlight
 Battery A, 4th U.S. Artillery – The Civil War Artillery Compendium

1841 births
1863 deaths
Union Army officers
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
People from Delafield, Wisconsin
People from Fredonia, New York
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Burials at West Point Cemetery
Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War

Alonzo Cushing


Ron O'Quinn is an American radio disc jockey born March 4, 1943, in McRae, Georgia.

At the age of 16, O'Quinn began his radio career at WMGA, a station in his hometown of Moultrie, Georgia, where he worked at the time of his graduation from Moultrie High School in 1961.  Shortly thereafter, O'Quinn joined the Army, where he became a machine gunner as an Army Ranger.  In 1963, after finishing his time in the Army, O'Quinn jumped right back into radio with a move to WVLD in Valdosta, Georgia, then on to WROD in Daytona Beach, Florida, before ending up at WLCY in Tampa, Florida, where he went by the moniker Jack E. Rabbitt.  While on WLCY, O'Quinn had the highest rankings ever earned in the Tampa market, a 60% share (Arbitron, released Summer 1966), a record that still stands today.  Moving on to Miami, O'Quinn went to work for WFUN, where he became known as Jack Armstrong.

In 1966, O'Quinn left WFUN to become Program Director of a new radio station, Swinging Radio England, that was located off the coast of England in the North Sea.

During his time at Radio England, O'Quinn accompanied The Beatles on their 1966 U.S. Tour. It is O'Quinn who coughs in the studio during the count-in to Taxman.

Upon returning to England following the tour, O'Quinn was told he had 3 weeks to get his affairs in order and return to America, unless he left the employ of Radio England, in which case he could remain (due to the British government imposing restrictions against offshore pirate radio). Knowing that he couldn't remain in the UK jobless, O'Quinn left Radio England and returned to the United States.

After returning home to America, O'Quinn worked for many top-rated stations, including a return to WFUN, WYLD in New Orleans, KYA in San Francisco & WUBE in Cincinnati, as well as being National Program Director of Urban Stations for Rounsaville Organization, an Atlanta-based company.

In 1987, after being out of radio for several years, O'Quinn started a syndicated oldies show, Rock and Roll Reunion, which was carried on 88 stations across the United States.  He also hosted a weekly oldies show, Memories Unlimited, on WQZY-FM and WKKZ-FM in Georgia until 2001.

Ron is regarded as one of the "BEST ALL TIME Disc Jockeys". His style was high energy, rapid fire, and always the top rated program in his time slot.  Ron is a member of the Pirate Radio Hall of Fame, and was an inaugural nominee for the Georgia Radio Hall Of Fame.  On October 20, 2012, Ron was inducted into the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame as a Career Achievement Inductee.

In August 2010, Ron made his return to the radio in Europe on Big L, 1395AM, out of Holland, but directed toward the United Kingdom, with his weekly syndicated radio show "Radio England Rewind". In 2011 he started adding radio stations in the US, Canada, and all across Europe and changed the name of the weekly show to Rock 'N Roll Rewind. The show was heard by over 1,000,000 listeners each weekend, but Ron decided to call it quits and retire. His final show was the last weekend of June 2017, even though some stations around the world continue with reruns. Ron now lives in Cotacachi, Ecuador.

Notes

External links
Georgia Music Hall of Fame 2007 Nominees
"Where Are They Now" @ Teddwebb.com
Radio Years "Who's Who"
440.com
Pirate Radio Hall of Fame

1943 births
American radio DJs
Living people
Offshore radio broadcasters
People from McRae, Georgia
Pirate radio personalities
United States Army soldiers
People from Moultrie, Georgia

Ron O'Quinn


Hendrik Christian Andersen (15 April 1872 in Bergen – 19 December 1940 in Rome) was a Norwegian-American sculptor, painter and urban planner.

Background

Andersen was born in Bergen, Norway to parents Anders Andersen from Lærdal and Helene Monsine Monsen from Bergen. He emigrated as an infant with his family to Newport, Rhode Island the following year. As a young man in Newport, Andersen began his work as a sculptor and learned to mingle among the city's wealthy elite, including serving as an art instructor for Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. In 1893, Andersen traveled to Europe to study art and eventually settled in Rome. There he ingratiated himself with other artists as well as a number of wealthy expatriate patrons and pursued his work.

The World City
Andersen's sculpture, paintings, and writings demonstrate a fondness for large monumental classically inspired pieces, which, he believed, stirred in the viewer a desire for self-improvement. Much of his work was done in contemplation of the single idea of designing a perfect "World City," filled with art, which would motivate humanity to achieve a near-Utopian state. His urban planning philosophy is evident in his 1913 A World Center of Communication. This enormous tome (the text weighed over ten pounds) was written with Ernest Hébrard and grew out of Andersen's earlier writing, The Fountain of Life. Central to the work was Andersen's belief that art, more specifically monumental Beaux-Arts architecture, could bring about world peace and international harmony. The plan called for the creation of a central world capital. In his words, the city would be "a fountain of overflowing knowledge to be fed by the whole world of human endeavour in art, science, religion, commerce, industry, and law; and in turn to diffuse throughout the whole of humanity as though it were one grand, divine body conceived by God, the vital requirements which would renew its strength, protect its rights, and enable it to attain greater heights through a concentration of world effort."

Evident in the treatise is Andersen's philosophy that art could change humanity and produce perfection. While roundly criticized by urban planners of the time for its political naïveté coupled with an over-emphasis on the monumental, the work demonstrates an appreciation of the political and social conflicts necessitated by the rampant nationalism of the early 20th Century and sought to use art to bring about an Utopian world. Andersen's view of the power of art and architecture to transform society can be seen as a precursor to similar concepts advanced later in the 20th century by a variety of urban planners including Le Corbusier in his Contemporary City.

Relationship with Henry James

In 1899 Andersen met Henry James the American expatriate writer. Although James was almost 30 years his senior the two developed a close relationship that was to last until James' death in 1916. While the precise nature of the relationship is still unclear and may always be so—the two actually met on just a few occasions, and then for only brief periods of time—they exchanged numerous letters, which evidence a close, loving, homoerotic bond perhaps best illustrated by a letter from James to Andersen following the death of Andersen's brother, dated 9 February 1902 where James wrote:

The sense that I can't help you, see you, talk to you, touch you, hold you close & long, or do anything to make you rest on me, & feel my deep participation – this torments me, dearest boy, makes me ache for you, & for myself; makes me gnash my teeth & groan at the bitterness of things. ... This is the one thought that relieves me about you a little - & I wish you might fix your eyes on it for the idea, just, of the possibility. I am in town for a few weeks, but return to Rye April 1st, & sooner or later to have you there & do for you, to put my arm round you & make you lean on me as on a brother & a lover, & keep you on & on, slowly comforted or at least relieved of the bitterness of pain – this I try to imagine as thinkable, attainable, not wholly out of the question.

Despite such affection, James lost patience with Andersen when the sculptor tried to interest him in the grandiose plans for the "World City." In response to Andersen's request that James endorse such plans, the novelist wrote on 4 September 1913:

I simply loathe such pretentious forms of words like "World" anything—they are to me mere monstrous sound without sense. The World is a prodigious & portentous & immeasurable affair, & I can't for a moment pretend to sit in my little corner here & "sympathise with" proposals for dealing with it. It is so far vaster in its appalling complexity than you or me, or than anything we can pretend without the imputation of absurdity & insanity to do to it, that I content myself, & inevitably must (so far as I can do anything now) with living in the realities of things, with "cultivating my garden" (morally & intellectually speaking) & with referring my questions to a Conscience (my own poor little personal) less inconceivable than that of the globe.

In another letter of April 14, 1912, James warned Andersen that he was slipping into megalomania with his plans for the "World City."

Colm Toibin's 2004 novel The Master draws upon many sources to explore and give insight into beginnings of the James/Andersen relationship.

Hendrik Christian Andersen Museum

Andersen died in Rome in 1940.  He bequeathed his home, studio, papers and more than 400 pieces of his work to the Italian Government.  The home has been renovated and now is a museum located at Via Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, 20 (piazzale Flaminio).  The museum is open to the public Tuesday through Sunday 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. and contains much of Andersen's work as well as that of other contemporary artists and photographers.

Burial
Andersen is buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome (Cimitero acattolico).

References

 Andersen, Hendrik Christian, Haebrard, Ernest M. et al. Creation of a World Centre of Communication. Paris: N.p., 1913.
 Huemeir, Christina, Spellbound by Rome : The Anglo-American Community in Rome (1890-1914) and the Founding of Keats-Shelley House = Incantati Da Roma La Comunita Anglo-Americana a Roma (1890-1914) E La Fondazione Della Keats-Shelley House,
James, Henry, (Zorzi, Rosella Mamoli Editor),  Beloved Boy: Letters to Hendrik C. Andersen, 1899-1915
 A. Trystan Edwards, A WORLD CENTRE OF COMMUNICATION Town Planning Review 5 (April 1914):14-30.*
Kerwin, HENDRIK CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN, A REGISTER OF HIS PAPERS IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Washington, D.C. 1994
 Mundaneum – Storia di un'utopia 20 inter@lia p.2 (Marzo 2002) (in Italian)
Museo Hendrik Christian Andersen
A list of Graves in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome

1872 births
1940 deaths
American urban planners
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome
Artists from Newport, Rhode Island
Artists from Rome
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American LGBT sculptors
20th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
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Gay sculptors

Hendrik Christian Andersen


Michael Henshall (29 February 1928 – 7 February 2017) was a long serving Suffragan Bishop of Warrington.

Henshall was educated at Manchester Grammar School and St Chad's College, Durham. He was ordained in 1957 and  began his career with a curacy in Bridlington before Incumbencies at Micklehurst and Altrincham. From there he ascended to the Episcopate of Warrington a post he held for 20 years, retiring in 1996.

His son, Nicholas Henshall, has been Dean of Chelmsford since 2014.

He died on 7 February 2017 at the age of 88.

References

1928 births
2017 deaths
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
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Michael Henshall


George Frederick Pinto (25 September 1785 – 23 March 1806) was an English composer and keyboard virtuoso.

Life and career
Pinto was born in Lambeth and baptised as George Sanders. His father, Samuel Sanders (or Saunders) died young; his mother, Julia Sanders (née Pinto) was the daughter of Thomas Pinto (1714-c.1780),  a London violinist of Italian origin. Thomas Pinto's second wife, the English singer Charlotte Brent (1735–1802), encouraged George's early musical upbringing. He used his mother's maiden name as his surname throughout his professional career.

Pinto started taking music lessons aged 8 with the musician and impresario Johann Salomon. Initially he was promoted as a prodigy on the violin. In 1795 Pinto, then aged 9, made his debut playing a violin concerto by Giovanni Mane Giornovichi at the New Lyceum in Hanover Square London. In 1796 Salomon arranged for Pinto to play a violin concerto at Signora Salvini's benefit concert. Following this, he made frequent appearances in London and other British centres, and possibly twice travelled to Paris. In 1800 he played at a concert of Salomon accompanied by John Field  (to whom he later dedicated his piano sonata in C minor of 1803 - "Inscribed to his Friend John Field"). His Op. 1, three divertimenti for piano were advertised in 1801 (no copies have survived); his Op. 2, also for piano, comprising three sets of variations, was published in 1802. It is not known who taught Pinto the piano, but from this period on it would seem to have become his preferred instrument.

In January 1803 at Phillip Corri's Edinburgh concerts, Pinto took the place of an injured Corri where he "presided at the keyboard". The writer and musician Alexander Campbell wrote:Young Pinto is not only an admirable violin player, but also a first-rate performer on the grand piano forte: to excel  on two instruments so widely different from each other, is a proof of genius and unwearied application very seldom to be met with. If dissipation, and consequent idleness, do not impede him in his career, what may not the musical world expect in his riper manhood?

In 1804 Pinto began to suffer serious ill-health. This did not prevent him composing and between then and his death in 1806 appeared all his major works, including piano sonatas and violin sonatas, as well as two sets of violin duets. He also composed a number of songs and shorter piano pieces. A violin concerto written by him is now lost, although the manuscript was described in an article in the Musical World of 1850 (vol. XXV, p. 2). After breaking off a planned series of concerts in Oxford in 1805, he died in London in 1806 at the age of 20, apparently of tuberculosis.  Some of his posthumous works were completed by Samuel Wesley and Joseph Woelfl.

Legacy

It has been suggested that the numerous references to Pinto's "dissipation" by contemporaries may be covert hints about homosexuality. Tributes after his death included Salomon's comment: "If he had lived and been able to resist the allurements of society, England would have had the honour of producing a second Mozart." Samuel Wesley commented "A greater musical Genius has not been known". Other tributes came from William Ayrton and Johann Baptist Cramer.

Pinto's music was more or less forgotten after his death,  although interest was shown by William Sterndale Bennett. It was not until the 1960s that interest in his works was rekindled. The musicologist Nicholas Temperley has noted that the piano works contain "astonishing anticipations of Beethoven, Schubert and even Chopin", and has opined that "only Schubert himself wrote more striking songs before the age of 20." The composer Geoffrey Bush has said of Pinto's G minor violin sonata that it is "passionate in mood, cogent in argument, and full of splendid thematic invention."

Pinto's piano sonatas have been recorded on CD by Thomas Wakefield, Ian Hobson, Riko Fukuda, Míceál O'Rourke and others, while some of his vocal works have been recorded on the Hyperion label.

Nicholas Temperley's The London Pianoforte School 1766–1860. (20 vols. London/New York: Garland, 1985) contains much of Pinto's piano music, including the two Grand Sonatas Op.3 and the Fantasia and Sonata amongst others.

References

Notes

Sources
Brown, Clive (2006).

External links
Review of CD of Pinto's piano music, played by Thomas Wakefield

1785 births
1806 deaths
English classical composers
English classical pianists
English classical violinists
British male violinists
19th-century classical pianists
19th-century English musicians
English people of Italian descent
British male pianists
19th-century British male musicians
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in England

George Pinto (composer)


Zachary Michael Cregger (born March 1, 1981) is an American actor, comedian, writer, director and producer. He first came to prominence as one of the three founding members, alongside Trevor Moore and Sam Brown, of the New York City-based comedy troupe The Whitest Kids U' Know. He later starred in the sitcoms Friends with Benefits, Guys with Kids, and Wrecked. He also starred in the film Miss March, which he co-directed and co-wrote with Moore. In 2022, Cregger wrote and directed the horror film Barbarian, which was a commercial success and opened to positive critical reviews.

Early life
Zachary Michael Cregger was born on March 1, 1981, in Arlington, Virginia. He performed in various comedy and music groups there before moving to Brooklyn, New York where he joined forces with Moore and Sam Brown to start The Whitest Kids U' Know.

When he was in high school he was in an improv troupe, which was called The Nation of Improv. They performed shows at malls and other high school auditoriums.

Career
Cregger and his friends formed the WKUK comedy troupe in 2000 while still in college. Later on, he met Darren Trumeter while shooting an independent film and asked him to join them. Trumeter became the second of two later additions to the troupe, the first being Timmy Williams.

Cregger, along with the troupe, garnered great success while performing live in New York City at LES music venue Pianos and on the internet. This led to an invitation in 2006 to the HBO U.S. Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen. The troupe won the award for Best Sketch Group and attracted the attention of many Hollywood executives.

The Whitest Kids U' Know ran for five seasons first on FUSE and then on IFC.

In 2008, Cregger made his first film appearance in Deb Hagan's directorial debut College, .

He directed his second feature film with Moore called The Civil War on Drugs. It had a limited theatrical release and was ultimately aired during the fifth season of WKUK. Afterwards, he toured with the WKUK and performed in live shows. He has participated in several independent movies.

Cregger joined the cast of the NBC sitcom Friends with Benefits, which began airing on August 5, 2011. He then starred on the NBC sitcom Guys with Kids, which aired for one season in 2012–2013. Cregger next starred in the TBS show Wrecked.

Cregger wrote and directed the 2022 horror film Barbarian, starring Bill Skarsgård, Georgina Campbell, and Justin Long.

Cregger, along with the surviving members of The Whitest Kids U'Know, is currently crowdfunding the second feature from the troupe, Mars.

Cregger is set to direct Weapons, a horror film based on a screenplay also written by Cregger.

Personal life
In 2018, Cregger became engaged to his longtime girlfriend Sara Paxton. They married on October 27, 2019.

Filmography

Television

Film

As actor

As filmmaker

References

External links
 Official Twitter account

1981 births
American male film actors
American film directors
American male screenwriters
American male television actors
American television directors
American television writers
Living people
The Field School alumni
American male television writers
21st-century American male actors

Zach Cregger