Mal Bellairs (born November 9, 1919 – July 12, 2010) was a well-known Chicago-area radio and television personality during the second half of the 20th century. He was named a National Radio Hall of Fame Regional Pioneer by the Illinois Broadcasters Association.

Early Days
Mal was born in Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1919, the only son of Keith Bellairs and Gertrude Sackett of Telluride, Colorado. In his teen years he was raised on the ranch of his uncle Thorwald Sackett in Colorado. He recounted being enthralled by the wonder of radio on a visit to Denver as a boy. He also recounts a family trip to Chicago to attend the worlds fair in 1933.

Radio History
Mal's career in radio began at WCFL (AM) in Chicago in 1947. He left WCFL to do freelance radio and television in the Chicago market.

Mal then spent most of the 1950s and 1960s at WBBM (AM) radio in Chicago Illinois. His history with WBBM is recounted in an oral history interview from 1987. Mal's contributions to WBBM were highlighted in a subsequent history of that radio station, WBBM Radio Yesterday & Today.

In 1969 Mal and his wife Jo purchased WCLR radio in Crystal Lake, Illinois and changed the call letters to WIVS. They later purchased an FM station in Woodstock, Illinois and used the call letters WXRD. Subsequently, WIVS became WAIT (AM).

The Chicago Tribune reported on Mal's "semi-retirement" in 1992. The article quotes Chuck Schaden, Chicago radio history buff and host of ``Golden Age of Radio`` programs on WBBM-AM and WNIB-FM 97.1 saying "Mal Bellairs was, and still is, as far as I`m concerned, a giant in Chicago broadcasting."

The Christmas Show
In 1955 Mal presented a Christmas Show that became a Chicago tradition. He did a Christmas Show every year after that, continuing at WBBM (AM) and then at his own station, WIVS. The recording of the Christmas Show that is available online was made from a live broadcast in 1997. A copy of the clearances for the playlist of the 1961 Christmas Show is in the National Archives.

Later Years and Ireland
In his memoir, Now Why Is It Ye're Comin ta Ireland, Mal discussed his decision to leave WBBM radio for much smaller stations of his own—WIVS, Crystal Lake, Illinois and WXRD, Woodstock, Illinois—and his subsequent purchase of Liscrona House in Doonaha near Kilkee in County Clare Ireland.

Honors
The Illinois Senate adopted a resolution in his honor citing "his 50-year legendary broadcasting career". The Chicago City Council adopted a resolution in tribute to Mal Bellairs in 2014.

References

External links
 Tim Miller recalls working for Mal at WIVS
 Mal narrates White Fence Farm TV spot
 Old recordings of Mal -- interviews

1919 births
2010 deaths
Radio and television announcers
Radio personalities from Chicago
People from Cheyenne, Wyoming
People from Woodstock, Illinois

Mal Bellairs


The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing songs of the United States. Its data, published by Billboard magazine and compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as airplay. In 2011, 14 singles claimed the top spot in 53 issues of the magazine, one of which, singer Katy Perry's "Firework" started its peak position in late 2010.

In 2011, nine acts achieved their first US number-one single, either as a lead artist or a featured guest: Wiz Khalifa, Adele, Pitbull, Afrojack, Nayer, LMFAO, Lauren Bennett, GoonRock and Calvin Harris. Six collaboration singles topped the chart. Pop singers Adele, Britney Spears, Katy Perry and Rihanna each earned two number-one songs during the year.
One of Adele's songs, "Rolling in the Deep", was the best-performing single of 2011, topping the Billboard Year-End Hot 100. She became the fourth solo female to have multiple songs spend at least five weeks each at number one in one calendar year.

Rihanna's "We Found Love" was the longest-running single of the year, having topped the chart for eight consecutive weeks in 2011 and two additional weeks in 2012. It became only the eleventh single by a female solo artist to have spent at least ten weeks at number-one in the chart's history. Adele's "Rolling In the Deep" stayed at number one for seven consecutive weeks, while Lady Gaga's "Born This Way"—the 1,000th number-one single of the Hot 100—and LMFAO's "Party Rock Anthem" topped the chart for six consecutive weeks. Perry's "E.T." and Adele's "Someone Like You" each spent five weeks at the number-one spot.

Chart history

Number-one artists

See also
2011 in music
List of Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles in 2011

Notes
 Perry had three number-one singles on the chart in 2011. However, "Firework" is excluded from the count, because it previously topped the chart in 2010.

References

External links
Hot 100 chart at Billboard

United States Hot 100
2011
Hot 100 number-one singles

List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 2011


Alan Huffman is an American author and journalist. He is the author of five nonfiction books, three of which deal with history related to the American South. He is notable as an opposition researcher.

Life and work
Huffman is from Bolton, Mississippi.

He moved the Holly Grove Plantation House from near Port Gibson, Mississippi to Bolton, Mississippi in 1990. The home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Ten Point: Deer Camp in the Mississippi Delta, (1997) was his first book. It is a photo-essay, exploring decades of the Issaquena County wilderness in the Mississippi Delta. Huffman wrote text as a setting for photographs by his grandmother Florence Huffman. She had frequently accompanied her husband and friends to the hunting camp, and her photos spanned the period of 1927 to 1962. After that, developers and the US Army Corps of Engineers took over the area. This territory was the setting for William Faulkner's short story "The Bear".

Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia (2004) explores two related but different worlds of African Americans in the antebellum period. It reveals the settlement of Mississippi-in-Africa, in present-day Sinoe County, Liberia, as well as the slave world at Prospect Hill Plantation, which they left behind. This colony was initiated in the 1830s by the Mississippi chapter of the American Colonization Society, in order to relocate freed slaves out of the state. It was later incorporated into what became the independent nation of Liberia.

Sultana: Surviving the Civil War, Prison, and the Worst Maritime Disaster in American History (2009) follows four young Union soldiers through the American Civil War, including their capture and imprisonment. It culminates with their surviving the explosion and sinking of the riverboat Sultana, in which 1700 people died; it was the worst maritime disaster in American history.

We're with Nobody: Two Insiders Reveal the Dark Side of American Politics (2012), co-authored with Michael Rejebian, describes the authors' work for 18 years as opposition researchers. During this period they studied candidates ranging from presidential appointments and congressional representatives, down to people running for the local school board. They reveal an inside look at a little-understood aspect of American politics and show that they are trying to bring factual material to public light so that voters have information on candidates.

Here I Am: The Story of Tim Hetherington, War Photographer (Grove Press, 2013), is a biography of photojournalist Tim Hetherington. He covered conflicts in the African nations of Liberia, Sierra Leone, Darfur, Nigeria, and Libya, as well as Afghanistan. Huffman describes Hetherington as having an artistic eye and focused on revealing the lives of his subjects, setting him apart from other conflict photographers.  In addition, he was credited with Sebastian Junger) as co-director of the documentary film Restrepo, about an American base in Afghanistan, which was nominated for an Academy Award. Hetherington was killed in Libya, alongside photographer Chris Hondros, on April 20, 2011, while covering that nation's revolution.

References

External links

National Public Radio interview with Huffman

Living people
American male journalists
American non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Alan Huffman


In particle physics, a boson ( ) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (, , , ...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a fermion.

Some bosons are elementary particles occupying a special role in particle physics, distinct from the role of fermions (which are sometimes described as the constituents of "ordinary matter"). Certain elementary bosons (e.g. gluons) act as force carriers, which give rise to forces between other particles, while one (the Higgs boson) contributes to the phenomenon of mass. Other bosons, such as mesons, are composite particles made up of smaller constituents.

Outside the realm of particle physics, multiple identical composite bosons (in this context sometimes known as 'bose particles') behave at high densities or low temperatures in a characteristic manner described by Bose–Einstein statistics: for example a gas of helium-4 atoms becomes a superfluid at temperatures close to absolute zero. Similarly, superconductivity arises because some quasiparticles, such as Cooper pairs, behave in the same way.

Name
The name boson was coined by Paul Dirac to commemorate the contribution of Satyendra Nath Bose, an Indian physicist, when he was a reader (later professor) at the University of Dhaka, Bengal (now in Bangladesh), he developed, in conjunction with Albert Einstein, the theory characterising such particles, now known as Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose-Einstein condensate.

Elementary bosons

All observed elementary particles are either bosons (with integer spin) or fermions (with odd half-integer spin). Whereas the elementary particles that make up ordinary matter (leptons and quarks) are fermions, elementary bosons occupy a special role in particle physics. They act either as force carriers which give rise to forces between other particles, or in one case give rise to the phenomenon of mass.

According to the Standard Model of Particle Physics there are five elementary bosons:
 One scalar boson (spin = 0)
 Higgs boson – the particle that contributes to the phenomenon of mass via the Higgs mechanism
 Four vector bosons (spin = 1) that act as force carriers. These are the gauge bosons:
   Photon – the force carrier of the electromagnetic field
   Gluons (eight different types) – force carriers that mediate the strong force
   Neutral weak boson – the force carrier that mediates the weak force
   Charged weak bosons (two types) – also force carriers that mediate the weak force

A second order tensor boson (spin = 2) called the graviton (G) has been hypothesised as the force carrier for gravity, but so far all attempts to incorporate gravity into the Standard Model have failed.

Composite bosons

Composite particles (such as hadrons, nuclei, and atoms) can be bosons or fermions depending on their constituents. Since bosons have integer spin and fermions odd half-integer spin, any composite particle made up of an even number of fermions is a boson.

Composite bosons include:

 All types of meson
 Stable nuclei of even mass number such as deuterium, helium-4 (the alpha particle), carbon-12 and lead-208.

As quantum particles, the behaviour of multiple indistinguishable bosons at high densities is described by Bose–Einstein statistics. One characteristic which becomes important in superfluidity and other applications of Bose–Einstein condensates is that there is no restriction on the number of bosons that may occupy the same quantum state. As a consequence, when for example a gas of helium-4 atoms is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero and the kinetic energy of the particles becomes negligible, it condenses into a low-energy state and becomes a superfluid.

Quasiparticles
Certain quasiparticles are observed to behave as bosons and to follow Bose–Einstein statistics, including Cooper pairs, plasmons and phonons.

See also

Explanatory notes

References

Quantum field theory
Atomic physics

Condensed matter physics

Boson


Lydia Katjita (born 15 October 1953 in Omatjete, Erongo Region, Namibia) is a former member of the National Assembly of Namibia and the Pan-African Parliament.

Biography
Lydia Katjita was born 15 October 1953 in Omatjete in the Erongo Region of central Namibia.  In 1989, she received a Higher Primary Education Certificate (HPEC) from the University of Namibia.  She acquired a B.A. from the University of South Africa in 1996 and enrolled in the Master of Educational Management and Administration program at the University of Namibia the next year.

From 1980 to the start of her national political career in 1999, Katjita was a teacher.  During this time, she held multiple other positions, including head of department for Sciences, Mathematics, English, and Afrikaans at the Ministry of Education in Grootfontein (1993–1999), member of the school board and management committee at Kalenga English Primary School (1993–1999), treasurer of the Evangelical Lutheran church in Grootfontein (1994–recent), chairperson of the Grootfontein Town Council (1995–1996), part-time teacher at the Namibian College of Open Learning (NAMCOL) in Grootfontein (1995–1999), and assistant researcher at the University of Namibia (1997).

Political career
Katjita became a member of the third National Assembly of Namibia in 2000 (representing SWAPO) and remained in office until after the November 2004 Namibian parliamentary election. She focused especially on legislation affecting rural areas and was a member of the standing committees on Human Resources and Gender Development and on Privileges and Reports of the Ombudsperson. In 2002, she was appointed chairman of a parliamentary sub-committee to accept nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize in Namibia.  Katjita was also a member of the Namibia branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the Pan-African Parliament, where she was on the Justice and Human Rights Committee and the Pan-African Parliamentary Women Caucus.  In July 2005, she was appointed secretary for administration and finance of the Pan African Women's organization.

References

External links
Parliament of Namibia
Members of the 3rd National Assembly of the Republic of Namibia, 1999-2004
Pan-African Parliament

1953 births
Living people
People from Erongo Region
SWAPO politicians
Members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Namibia
University of Namibia alumni
21st-century Namibian women politicians
21st-century Namibian politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Women members of the Pan-African Parliament

Lydia Katjita


Doghouse Grove is a  nature reserve in Wilburton in Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

In the medieval period this was a series of monastic fishponds, which can still be seen in wetter periods. It is now an ash wood, with flowers including bluebells and lords-and-ladies.

There is access by a permissive footpath from Twenty Pence Road.

References

Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire reserves

Doghouse Grove


The Guv'nor and Other Short Stories (Collins, 1932) is a short story compilation by the British crime writer Edgar Wallace.

These are the final stories about Mr. J. G. Reeder, a detective with "the mind of a criminal".
They include
"The Guv'nor"
"The Man Who Passed" ("The Man from Sing Sing")
"The Shadow Man"
"The Treasure House"

In America the book was published as Mr. Reeder Returns (The Crime Club, Doubleday, Doran, 1932) with the stories in a different order:
"The Guv'nor",
"The Man from Sing Sing",
"The Treasure House", and
"The Shadow Man".

A later (1965) edition Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns contains only "The Treasure House" and "The Shadow Man". The 1969 imprint was a tie in with the 1969 Thames Television  series The Mind of Mr. J.G. Reeder, starring Hugh Burden.

References
 The Detective Short Story; A Bibliography by Ellery Queen (Little, Brown and Company, 1942, p. 111)

British short story collections
1932 short story collections
Works by Edgar Wallace
Detective fiction short story collections
William Collins, Sons books

The Guv'nor and Other Short Stories


John Patrick Crowley (born 23 June 1941 in Newbury, England) is a retired Roman Catholic bishop of Diocese of Middlesbrough, England, who carries the honorary title of Bishop Emeritus.

He was ordained a priest in 1965, and, as secretary to Cardinal Basil Hume, was appointed an auxiliary bishop, as titular Bishop of Tala, for the Archdiocese of Westminster, in 1986. In this post he had particular oversight of the diocese's parishes in Central London. On 3 November 1992 he became the 6th Bishop of Middlesbrough.

Crowley delivered the homily at the requiem for Cardinal Hume in Westminster Cathedral in June 1999.

In June 2001 Crowley agreed to celebrate Mass at a service of thanksgiving for a 25-year homosexual partnership between two Catholics, but withdrew at the last minute after a telephone call from Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, who reportedly asked him not to attend. There was further controversy in 2005 when, during a radio interview, Crowley expressed the hope that married priests might be allowed in the Church within his lifetime.

His resignation from his post ten years before the customary date, which he said was due to the toll of pressures  of leadership in a particularly challenging era for the Church, was accepted by the Holy See in accordance with canon 401 para. 2 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law ("because of illness or some other grave reason") in May 2007.

 he was based in the parish of Our Lady of Lourdes, in Wanstead, London

References

External links
Catholic Hierarchy Website Entry
COMECE Entry (in German)

1941 births
Living people
Roman Catholic bishops of Middlesbrough
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in England

John Crowley (bishop)


Romain Édouard (born 28 November 1990) is a French chess grandmaster.

Born in Poitiers, Édouard has been playing chess since the age of five, and joined his first tournament in 2001. He was trained by fellow French Grandmaster Olivier Renet during his adolescence. He won the 2006 European Youth Chess Championship U16 category at the age of 15, and in 2007 earned his International Master title.

Career
Amongst open tournaments, he won at Zaragoza 2008, Bad Wiessee 2008, Andorra 2009, Echternach 2009 and 2010, Hastings 2009/10 and Clermont-Ferrand 2011. There have also been victories in closed events, at Grand Prix de Bordeaux 2007, Antwerp 2011 and Nancy 2012. In August 2012, Édouard jointly won the French Chess Championship alongside Christian Bauer, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and Etienne Bacrot. In December of the same year, he won the Al Ain Classic tournament edging out Vachier-Lagrave on tiebreaks. Édouard took part in the Grandmaster Group B of the Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2013 in Wijk aan Zee finishing sixth out of fourteen participants with a score of 7/13 points. In 2014 he won the Dubai Open scoring 8/9, a full point ahead of the field. Édouard tied for first in the 2015 World Open, held in Arlington. In July 2015, he won the 3rd AIDEF Chess Championship (French-speaking countries chess championship) in Montreal. He tied for first in the 2018 French Chess Championship with Tigran Gharamian and Yannick Gozzoli. Gharamian won the playoff.

Édouard has played for the French national team at the Chess Olympiads of 2010, 2012 and 2014, and at the European Team Chess Championships of 2009, 2013 and 2015. In the 2013 event he won the team silver medal and the individual gold on board three.

Books

Notes

External links

Romain Edouard chess games at 365Chess.com

1990 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
French chess players
French chess writers
Sportspeople from Poitiers

Romain Édouard


The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness is a 1961 United Nations multilateral treaty whereby sovereign states agree to reduce the incidence of statelessness. The Convention was originally intended as a Protocol to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, while the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons was adopted to cover stateless persons who are not refugees and therefore not within the scope of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.

Statelessness prior to World War II
One case of statelessness was identified in the Protocol relating to a Certain Case of Statelessness at the League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930 in The Hague: "In a State whose nationality is not conferred by the mere fact of birth in its territory, a person born in its territory of a mother possessing the nationality of that State and of a father without nationality or of unknown nationality shall have the nationality of the said State."  Over time, many signatories have adjusted their laws to ensure this rule remains true.  (For example, in Australian nationality law, a child born in the country acquires citizenship if any parent is a citizen).  However, despite this, many cases remained ambiguous or uncovered primarily due to the fact that a person did not always receive the nationality of its parents, or was born in a certain place and not always provided citizenship of that state.

The Nansen International Office For Refugees, an organization of the League of Nations, was internationally in charge of refugees from war areas from 1930 to 1939. It received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1938. Their Nansen passports, designed in 1922 by founder Fridtjof Nansen, were internationally recognized identity cards first issued by the League of Nations to stateless refugees. In 1942 they were honored by governments in 52 countries and were the first refugee travel documents.

Background to UN action addressing the problem of statelessness

Migrations forced from political instability during World War II and its immediate aftermath highlighted the international dimensions of problems presented by unprecedented volumes of displaced persons including those rendered effectively stateless.

Dating from December 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Article 15 affirms that:

 Everyone has the right to a nationality.
 No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

At the Fourth United Nations General Assembly Session in October–December 1949, the International Law Commission included the topic "Nationality, including statelessness" in its list of topics of international law provisionally selected for codification. At the behest of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in its 11th Session soon after, that item was given priority.

The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was done on 28 July 1951. It was originally desired to cover 'refugees and stateless persons'; however, agreement was not reached with respect to the latter.

The International Law Commission at its fifth session in 1953 produced both a Draft Convention on the Elimination of Future Statelessness, and a Draft Convention on the Reduction of Future Statelessness. ECOSOC approved both drafts.

The 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons was done in September 1954 (The Status Convention).  This completed the unfinished work of the Refugee Convention three years prior.

On 4 December 1954 the UN General Assembly by Resolution adopted both drafts as the basis of its desire for a conference of plenipotentiaries and an eventual Convention.

How the convention works to reduce statelessness
In respect of contracting states:
 "Stateless birth" on their territory attracts the grant of their nationality (article 1).
 Otherwise stateless persons may take the nationality of the place of their birth or of the place where they were found (in the case of a foundling), otherwise they may take the nationality of one of their parents (in each case possibly subject to a qualifying period of residence in that State) (article 2).
 A stateless person has some time beyond attaining adulthood to seek to claim the benefit of the Convention.  That time is always at least three years from the age of eighteen (article 1(5)).
 Transfer of territory between states must occur in a manner that avoids the occurrence of statelessness for persons residing in the territory transferred.  When a State acquires territory, the inhabitants of that territory presumptively acquire the nationality of that State (article 10).
 Persons otherwise stateless shall be able to take the nationality of one of their parents (possibly subject to a period of prior residence not more than three years) (article 4).
 Absent circumstances of fraudulent application or disloyalty toward the contracting state, deprivations and renunciations of citizenship shall only take effect where a person has or subsequently obtains another nationality in replacement (article 8).
 The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will issue travel documents evidencing nationality to persons, otherwise stateless, having a claim of nationality under the convention.
 Birth on a sea vessel or aircraft may attract the nationality of the flag of that vessel or craft (article 3).
 Disloyal or certain criminal conduct may limit an individual's ability to avail the benefit of the Convention (article 8).
 The benefit of the Convention may be claimed by guardians on behalf of children (article 1(1)).
 States may impose a period of residence qualification for granting nationality to persons who may be otherwise stateless.  That period is a maximum five years immediately prior to application and maximum of ten years overall (article 1(2)).

Substantive provisions of the convention

There are 21 Articles, summarised below:

 Article 1(1)
 Contracting States shall grant their nationality to persons, otherwise stateless, born in their territory (subject to Article 1(2)).
 The grant may be by virtue of the birth, or upon application by or on behalf of the person so born.
 Article 1(2)
 An applicant may have up until at least the age of 21 to claim their citizenship by birth from article 1(1).
 For grant of citizenship by birth, a Contracting State may require proof of habitual residence in their territory for a period not exceeding 5 years immediately prior to application, or 10 years in total.
 Grant of citizenship by birth may be contingent upon the applicant's not having been convicted of an offence against national security nor having been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of five years or more. Grant of citizenship by birth may be contingent upon the applicant having always been stateless.
 Article 1(3)
 A child born in wedlock in a Contracting State, whose mother is a national of that State, and who would otherwise be stateless, shall take the nationality of that State.
 Article 1(4)
 A Contracting State shall give its nationality to a person, otherwise stateless, who is legally precluded from assuming his/her birth nationality, where that State's nationality was held by either parent at the time of the birth.
 Article 1(5)
 An applicant has until at least the age of 23 to claim a nationality by Article 1(4).
 For conferral of nationality by Article 1(4) a contracting State may impose a residence requirement not exceeding three years immediately prior to application.
 For conferral of nationality by Article 1(4) it may be required that the applicant has always been stateless.
 Article 2
 For the purpose of assigning nationality, a foundling shall be considered to have been born in the State where it was found and from parents of that State's nationality. That presumption may be displaced by proof to the contrary.
 Article 3
 For the purpose of determining the obligations of contracting states under this convention, birth on a ship or aircraft shall amount to birth in the territory of the State that gives its flag to that ship or aircraft.
 Article 4
 A Contracting State shall grant its nationality to a person, not born in its territory, if either parent had that State's nationality and the person would be otherwise stateless.
 A person may make such a claim for nationality at least up until the age of 23. They may also be required to have a period of residence up to three years immediately prior to application.  The claim may be refused where a person has been convicted of an offence against the national security of the State.
 Article 5
 If a law entails loss of nationality, such loss shall be conditional upon the person acquiring another nationality. This only applies to loss by marriage, legitimation, divorce, recognition or adoption. A child that loses nationality by recognition or affiliation shall be given opportunity to reacquire by written application under terms not more rigorous than provided by Article 1(2).
 Article 6
 If a law entails loss of nationality by a spouse or child by virtue of the loss of nationality by the other spouse or a parent, such loss shall be conditional on the person's possession or acquisition of another nationality.
 Article 7
 Laws for the renunciation of a nationality shall be conditional upon a person's acquisition or possession of another nationality. (Exceptions: not to frustrate freedom of movement of nationals within a country, not to frustrate return of nationals to their country, not to frustrate a person's ability to seek asylum)
 Article 8
 Contracting States shall not deprive people of their nationality so as to render them stateless. (Exceptions: where otherwise provided in the Convention; where nationality has been acquired by misrepresentation or fraud; disloyalty to the Contracting State).
 Article 9
 Nationality will not be deprived on racial, ethnic, political or religious grounds.
 Article 10' Treaties providing for transfer of territory between States shall make provisions to preclude the occurrence of statelessness.  Absent such provisions, a Contracting State taking territory will give its nationality to persons, otherwise stateless, in that territory.
 Article 11
 Persons may apply to the UNHCR to claim the benefit of the Convention.
 Article 12
 The Convention applies to persons born either before or after it goes into force. (Exception: only applies to foundlings found after going into force)
 Article 13
 The Convention is not to be construed to detract from any law or treaty provision otherwise aiding the reduction of statelessness.
 Article 14
 Disputes by Contacting States concerning the Convention are susceptible to final adjudication by the International Court of Justice.
 Article 15
 The Convention applies to all trust, non-self-governing, colonial, and non-metropolitan territories of Contracting States.
 Articles 16–21
 Process of signature and ratification.

Contracting states
As of May 2021, 76 states have ratified or acceded to the convention. In comparison, 145 countries have ratified the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.

See also
1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
Bidun
Naturalization
Nansen International Office for Refugees
Nationality
Refugee and Refugee law
Statelessness
European Convention on Nationality

References

External links
 Full Convention text
 Signatures and ratifications
 Map showing State Parties
 Declarations and Reservations to the Convention as of 20 September 2006
 Introductory note by Guy S. Goodwin-Gill and procedural history note on the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness'' in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
Human rights instruments
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Treaties concluded in 1961
Treaties entered into force in 1975
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of Azerbaijan
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Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
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Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic
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Nationality treaties
1961 in New York City
Treaties extended to Bermuda
Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to Montserrat
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to Aruba
Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to Greenland
Treaties extended to French Guiana
Treaties extended to French Comoros
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Treaties extended to French Polynesia
Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
Treaties extended to Martinique
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Treaties extended to Réunion
Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
Treaties extended to New Caledonia
Treaties extended to French Somaliland
Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
Treaties extended to the New Hebrides
Treaties extended to British Antigua and Barbuda
Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to the Colony of Barbados
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Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate
Treaties extended to British Guiana
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Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
Treaties extended to British Dominica
Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
Treaties extended to British Grenada
Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
Treaties extended to British Mauritius
Treaties extended to Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Treaties extended to British Saint Lucia
Treaties extended to British Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles
Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
Treaties extended to Tokelau
Treaties extended to French Algeria
Treaties extended to West Berlin


, also written , is Latin for "scattered fragments" (also scattered limbs, members, or remains) and is used to refer to surviving fragments of ancient poetry, manuscripts, and other literary or cultural objects, including even fragments of ancient pottery.  It is derived from , a phrase used by Horace, a Roman poet.

Ancient and medieval poetry, literature, and manuscripts

Fragments of ancient writing, especially ancient Latin poetry found in other works, are commonly referred to as disjecta membra. The terms disiecta membra and disjecta membra are paraphrased from the Roman lyric poet Horace (65 BC  – 8 BC), who wrote of  in his Satires, 1.4.62, referring to the "limbs of a dismembered poet".  In full, the term originally appeared as , in reference to the earlier Roman poet Ennius.

Although Horace's intended meaning remains the subject of speculation and debate, the passage is often taken to imply that if a line from poetry were torn apart and rearranged, the dismembered parts of the poet would still be recognisable. In this sense, in the study of literature, disjecta membra is often used to describe the piecing together of ancient fragments of an identifiable literary source. Similarly, isolated leaves or parts of leaves from ancient or medieval manuscripts may also be termed disjecta membra.  Scholars have been able to identify fragments now held in different libraries that originally belonged to the same manuscript.

Pottery

Scholars have long referred to sherds of ancient Greek pottery as .  They have studied fragments of ancient Greek pottery in institutional collections, and have attributed many such pieces to the artists who made them.  In a number of instances, they have been able to identify fragments now in different collections that belong to the same vase.

See also

Fragmentology (manuscripts).

References

Latin words and phrases
History of poetry
Archaeological terminology
Medieval manuscripts

Disjecta membra


The Heraion at Foce del Sele (English "Heraion at the mouth of the River Sele") is an archaeological site consisting of an Ancient Greek sanctuary complex dedicated to the goddess Hera in what was Magna Graecia.  When built, the complex was located at the mouth of the Sele, approximately  north of the Greek city of Poseidonia that was famous for its three standing Greek temples. Due to the deposition of alluvial sediment by the river, the site now is approximately  from the modern coast.

The site is in the modern Italian commune of Capaccio-Paestum, some  south of Naples.

Construction at the complex is dated from the sixth to at least the third centuries BC. The sanctuary included a Greek temple and other buildings.  It was located in the countryside rather than in an urban development and may have included buildings to accommodate pilgrims.

During the Middle Ages most of the stones were scavanged for use elsewhere as building materials or for other purposes. At one point, the best surviving pieces, including approximately 70 sixth-century metope reliefs, were excavated and moved to a museum at Paestum and very little was left at the original site other than the lowest courses of the buildings.

A modern "museo narrante" has been built at the site with video displays to explain and project reconstructions of the site.

Ancient references
Although the existence of the sanctuary is reported by ancient historical sources, for a long time its location was not corroborated by other evidence. Differing ancient references made the rediscovery of the remains difficult. Strabo, attributed the foundation of the complex to Jason during the expedition of the Argonauts and he described the location of the Sanctuary of Argive Hera at the northern border of Lucania, on the left bank of the river Sele, about fifty stades from the city of Paestum. Pliny the Elder, however, described the location of the sanctuary as being on the opposite bank of the river. The path of the river changed with time as well. Finally, the site was discovered and confirmed the ancient reports of its existence.

History

The ancient sanctuary was founded at the beginning of the sixth century BC by the Greek colony at Paestum who originally were from further south at Sybaris. They dedicated the sanctuary to Argive Hera, the Greek goddess of women and marriage, as well as of navigation.  At that time, the Sele River represented a boundary between Greek and Etruscan areas of influence.

Initially cult activities must have been performed in the open, in a sacred area equipped with an altar and bounded by porticos for hosting pilgrims. At the end of the sixth century, a grand temple was built, which probably was octastyle (with a facade of eight columns) and peripteral. At the same time, two other buildings were built some distance in front of the temple.

After the takeover of Paestum and the area by the local Lucanian people at the end of the fifth century BC, the sanctuary reached its highest cultural peak, with the reuse of more ancient materials for the construction of new buildings: a new portico and then a meeting house. At a certain distance, a square building was built, in which many loom weights have been found. Based upon the known cultural traditions of the time and these, it is theorised that in this building during each year, women about to be married would weave a new peplos dress that was offered to the cult statue of the goddess at an annual procession. Among the artefacts found at the sanctuary is a marble statue of Hera, seated on a throne with a pomegranate in her hand.

In 273 BC, the area was absorbed by the Roman Republic, who turned Paestum into a colonia. The weaving building was destroyed and a wall was built around the sacred area. The sanctuary survived in a slow decline until the second century AD. The area silted up and eventually memory of the site was lost beyond the local area.

The cult of Hera survived through all of these changes in a Christianised form as the Madonna del Granato (Madonna of the Pomegranate), whose cult in the vicinity of the sanctuary recalls the depiction of Hera with the pomegranate.

The sanctuary was brought to light by the excavations of the archaeologists Umberto Zanotti Bianco and Paola Zancani Montuoro between 1934 and 1940.

Metopes

Approximately seventy metope reliefs carved in local sandstone have been recovered during excavations. They had been broken up, often into small fragments, and had to be pieced back together like a jigsaw puzzle.  Thirty-eight of these belong to a more ancient group (second half of the sixth century) and must have decorated buildings that cannot now be reconstructed. They would have decorated a much earlier building that was lost to renovations at the site. Once it was thought that these early metopes came from a rectangular building presumed to be a treasury, but excavations demonstrated that the treasury was built much too late for the style of the reliefs. The metopes of this early group depict episodes from the Twelve Labours of Heracles, the Trojan War, and the lives of Jason and Orestes.

Most of the early group of metopes were carved in sections, consisting of a triglyph on the left and a relief panel with figures on the right, all on a single piece of stone. The more recent group of approximately thirty metopes from the main or second temple, depict young maidens dancing in bas-relief, reflecting the emphasis of the sanctuary cult on marriage.  These date from around 510 BC.  In the second group each figure panel was a separate piece of stone. Some panels from both groups are very badly worn.

The local stone is coarse and not suitable for carving detail. If only for this reason the figures in the reliefs are lightly modelled and relatively flat, but around their outlines the stone has been deeply cut back.  Some have only the outline deeply carved, with the figures blank and flat.  These may have been unfinished, or intended only to be painted. It is likely that all the reliefs were painted in bright colours.  The muscularity of the figures is comparable to the style of sculptures from Sybaris, from which the members of the founding colony had migrated.

Although the three main Greek temples at Paestum are still standing, none of them had sculpted reliefs resembling these; perhaps painted scenes, now lost, substituted for them.

As those of Temple C at Selinus, the triglyphs are strongly projecting and are the same size as the metopes. The indentations visible on the rear of the metopes show that they were inserted between the triglyphs after the installation of the wooden beams.  According to an archaeologist describing them, Roland Martin, these thirty-eight metopes of the older period would have decorated a Treasury (Thesauros) that he describes as having a rectangular floor plan and a Doric facade with two columns in antis; the capitals of the doric columns would have contrasted with the Ionic capitals of the antae; the doric frieze having no structural function, would have been placed in front of the wooden beams that supported the roof. However, excavations under the treasury building now suggest that this was built much too late to have been where the early metopes were displayed. Current archaeological research now suggests that the early metopes adorned an earlier temple on the site, referred to as "Hera I".

The metopes are now in the Museo archeologico nazionale di Paestum, which was built in 1950 to house these discoveries and those from Paestum. Their arrangement in the museum follows the presumption at that time of an early treasury building and as they were thought to have decorated it, rather than an early temple.

The identification of some subjects among the metopes and the extent to which the ensemble reflects a coherent programme, have continued to be discussed by scholars as excavations reveal more accurate evidence.

Votive gifts

Artefacts found during excavations of the sanctuary have included a large number of buried votive offerings (mostly terracotta statuettes of the goddess) that were buried some time after being left at the shrine. A large portion of these votives are on display at the site of the sanctuary in the Museo Narrante del Santuario di Hera alla Foce del Sele, located in a reconstructed farm house (the masseria Procuriali).

A first deposit was found near the temple and was made up of five ditches lined by stone slabs and covered with stone as well. These artefacts were deposited between the sixth and second centuries BC. Some evidence of burning relates to the sacrifices offered at the times of the burials.

A second deposit consisting of one large ditch also was discovered. It contained approximately six thousand artefacts, including terracotta statues and small bronze objects, dating from burials between the fourth and second centuries BC. Some coins from the second century AD that were deposited in a flood were also found there.

Notes

Bibliography
"The Sanctuary at the mouth of the River Sele" , www.paestum.org.uk
The Frieze from the Hera I Temple at Foce del Sele by Frances Dodds Van Keuren

External links
Museo Narrante del Santuario di Hera alla Foce del Sele

Temples in Magna Graecia
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Italy
Buildings and structures in the Province of Salerno
Cilento
Mouth of the Sele
Paestum (ancient city)
6th-century BC religious buildings and structures
Archaeological sites in Campania

Heraion at Foce del Sele


Occupational burnout is a chronic condition that occurs in people who experience a lot of stress at work, and who do not have a chance to recover from that stress. Very often, people have the feeling that they are unable to meet the expectations of their employer. Their condition often occurs together with other conditions, such as a clinical depression.

Symptoms
People with this conditions often have the following symptoms:

 They feel exhausted, or tired. Very often, they also lack incentive (to do something), and they are easy to anger
 To some extent, they stop caring about their job.
 Despite the fact that they try very hard, people have the feeling that they are unable to achieve much. Being successful in the job is good for motivation, not having success isn't.

Health problems
Employment

Occupational burnout


Virginia Van Wie (February 9, 1909 – February 18, 1997) was an American amateur golfer, best known for winning three U.S. Women's Amateurs, 1932–34. The Illinois-born golfer was the daughter of wealthy parents and learned the game at the Beverly Country Club, and during the summers she would go with her parents to summer homes in Michigan and Florida and compete with the best. Van Wie was a student of golf instructor Ernest Jones.

Early life
While at the age of 16 and still attending Lindblom High School in Chicago—in 1925 when the school did not have a golf team—Van Wie first emerged as an extraordinary golfer. In the summer that year, the newspapers first noticed Van Wie when she won the Western Michigan championship and then won the Western Junior championship, and upset several top golfers in other tournaments.

Golf career
In 1926, Van Wie beat the national champion, Glenna Collett, for the East Coast Florida championship and began a string of three Chicago District golf titles. At the 1928 and 1930 U.S. Women's Amateurs, Van Wie lost in the finals to Glenna Collett. In the 1929 event, she tied for the medal for lowest score in the qualifying rounds.

U.S. Women's Amateur
Van Wie broke through to national fame in 1932, when she beat Collett for the first of her three consecutive national amateur titles. After winning her final championship in 1934, and based on her performance for the entire year, she earned the 1934 Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year and was proclaimed the "world's greatest female golfer."

Curtis Cup
Van Wie was a member of the American team that won the first Curtis Cup played at the Wentworth Golf Club in England in 1932 and was part of the team that won it again in 1934.

Later life
Van Wie retired in 1935 without defending her national title, and then taught golf in the Chicago area for more than thirty years.

Death and legacy
Van Wie died on February 18, 1997, aged 88, at her home in Big Rapids, Michigan. In 1950, she was inducted into the Women's Golf Hall of Fame.

Team appearances
Amateur
Curtis Cup (representing the United States): 1932 (winners), 1934 (winners)

References

American female golfers
Amateur golfers
Winners of ladies' major amateur golf championships
Golfers from Chicago
Robert Lindblom Math & Science Academy alumni
1909 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American women

Virginia Van Wie


David Wright Miliband (born 15 July 1965) is a British politician who was the Foreign Secretary from June 2007 to May 2010 and a member of Tony Blair's cabinet. He was the Member of Parliament for South Shields in Tyne and Wear. He is the CEO of the International Rescue Committee.

David Miliband was born in London to Polish-Jewish parents and is an atheist. He was raised in Primrose Hill, London. He is the elder son of Marxist Ralph Miliband and Marion Kozak. He is the elder brother of Labour leader Ed Miliband. He was educated at the University of Oxford and was the head of the Number 10 Policy Unit from 1997-2001. He was first elected in the 2001 general election. After being part of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown's governments, Miliband was a candidate in the 2010 Labour leadership contest. Despite Miliband being favourite to win the contest, his brother Ed narrowly won the contest in September 2010. Miliband chose not to be a member of Ed's shadow cabinet.

References

1965 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British atheists
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Jewish atheists
Jewish British politicians
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People from the London Borough of Camden
Politicians from London
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015

David Miliband


John Alberto Guidetti (, ; born 15 April 1992) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a striker for AIK.

Whilst growing up Guidetti played football in his native Sweden as well as Kenya. He returned to Sweden in 2008 and played with IF Brommapojkarna when at the age of 16 he earned a move to English club Manchester City. He spent time out on loan back at Brommapojkarna and with Championship side Burnley in November 2010. He joined Dutch club Feyenoord on loan for the 2011–12 season where he scored 20 goals in 23 games before a virus ended his time in the Netherlands. In January 2014, Guidetti joined Stoke City on loan until the end of the 2013–14 season, and in September of that year he was loaned to Scottish champions Celtic for the following season, winning the Scottish Premiership and Scottish League Cup. In July 2015, Guidetti signed for Spanish side Celta Vigo.

Having represented Sweden at several youth levels, Guidetti earned his first senior international cap against Croatia on 29 February 2012. At under-21 level, he won the 2015 European Championship. He represented Sweden's senior team at UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Club career

Early career
Guidetti began his football career at the Swedish club IF Brommapojkarna's youth system in 1998. In 2002, Guidetti moved with his family to Kenya, as his father had a job there. This meant that Guidetti had to leave BP, and he joined the Impala BrommaBoys football academy based in Nairobi.

After one year with the Impala club, Guidetti joined Mathare United's academy, the MYSA organisation for sports development aid, in the slums of Nairobi. In 2004, Guidetti left the organisation and joined Ligi Ndogo. In 2006, he returned to Sweden with IF Brommapojkarna. In total Guidetti spent around five years living in Kenya which he states helped him to develop on and off the pitch:

In April 2008, at the age of sixteen, Guidetti signed a three-year deal with Manchester City. Inter Milan, Sampdoria, Lazio, Roma and Ajax Cape Town (Ajax's feeder club in South Africa), among others, had all been in competition for securing his services.

Manchester City
Manchester City's manager at the time, Sven Goran Eriksson, spotted Guidetti's talent in his native Sweden, and immediately signed him. Guidetti enjoyed a fine first season with the Manchester City under-18 team, scoring 13 times in 19 appearances. He also marked his reserve team debut with a remarkable hat-trick against a Burnley side containing several seasoned campaigners.

Loan to IF Brommapojkarna
In 2010, he went out on loan to his old club Brommapojkarna, impressing by scoring three goals and racking up three assists in only eight appearances.

Return to Manchester City
Manchester City's manager, Roberto Mancini, wanted to see how the youngster matched up alongside the City first team, so he handed him a chance to impress on the club's pre-season tour in the United States during the summer of 2010. During this American tour, Guidetti managed to make his debut for the Manchester City first team, coming on as a sub in the second half in a match against Sporting Lisbon.
Two months later back in England, Guidetti went on to make his full debut in a competitive match for the Manchester City first team when he was selected as striker for the starting lineup in the League Cup third round match against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010, in which he provided the assist for City's only goal in the game.

Loan to Burnley
On 25 November 2010, Guidetti signed an initial one-month loan deal with Burnley, with a possible option for Burnley to extend the loan when it expired on 1 January 2011. On 26 December 2010, in his first start for Burnley, he scored his first goal in a 2–1 victory at Barnsley.
Manchester City would not extend his loan spell at Burnley and Guidetti was called back to parent club on 31 December 2010 to subsequently be added to Manchester City's registered 25-man squad for the Europa League competition.

Twente controversy
Guidetti's development contract with Manchester City was due to run out in July 2011. In late May, he visited Dutch club Twente with his father and several Swedish, Dutch and British media outlets reported he had signed a pre agreement with the Dutch club. In mid June, reports indicated that there were problems with this agreement. Twente understood they had a Bosman deal agreed with Guidetti's camp, but agent Per Jonsson insisted nothing had been agreed upon in contract. Twente chairman Joop Munsterman said: "We do not know if Mr. Jonsson is his agent. We have done business with Mike [Guidetti] (the father of the player). The most important thing for a young player like Guidetti is that he plays a lot of games. For that reason, Twente is the logical choice."

The Dutch football association FBO (Federatie Betaald Voetbal Organization), let a lawyer review the preliminary agreement between John Guidetti and Twente. The club announced that the contract should be regarded as valid. – "In our opinion it is a valid contract. We look forward to welcoming John for his first practice 1 July", said Twente chairman Joop Munsterman to Voetbal International magazine.

On 9 July 2011, Manchester City released a set of photographs as the team set off on a North American pre-season tour. Despite his alleged transfer to Twente, Guidetti was spotted in the photos taken at the airport with his Manchester City teammates. On 19 July 2011, Guidetti was offered and signed a first team contract binding him to the club of Manchester City for three more years.

Loan to Feyenoord
On the last day of the transfer window, Feyenoord and Manchester City agreed a loan deal for the rest of the 2011–12 season. Guidetti made his debut in the game against NAC Breda on 11 September 2011 in which he scored a penalty. He also scored a penalty in the match against De Graafschap and two more from the penalty spot against VVV-Venlo. He scored his first goal from open play for Feyenoord against Vitesse in the 4–0 away win, netting two goals in the game. The following week he scored another crucial goal, the equaliser in a 2–1 away win against RKC Waalwijk. On 18 December 2011, he scored a hat-trick in Feyenoord's 3–2 victory against FC Twente.

On 29 January 2012, he scored his second consecutive hat-trick, scoring three goals in De Klassieker against Ajax, which Feyenoord won 4–2, their first victory in 6 years over the arch-rivals. This helped earning him a hero status in Rotterdam, with coach Ronald Koeman describing him as "phenomenal". On 12 February he scored his third hat-trick since joining the club in a home game in a 3–1 win against Vitesse, putting him third in Europe for goals scored/minutes played, at 17 goals after 15 league appearances. This happened to be the third consecutive hat-trick in an Eredivisie home game, becoming the second player in the history of the league to achieve this after Cees Groot did this in 1963. Ove Kindvall was the last Swede to achieve this in the Dutch league in the 1970s, also playing for Feyenoord. Also, Guidetti was the first Feyenoord player to score three hat-tricks in one season since Dirk Kuyt in 2004–05.

Guidetti scored his 18th goal from the penalty spot in his 16th league game, a 1–1 draw against RKC Waalwijk, and celebrated by pulling his shirt off which gave him his second yellow card in the game. The opponents then equalized three minutes before the end, and Guidetti later apologized to the team, the supporters and the coach, saying it was "one of the worst moments in my life". Due to this red card, Guidetti missed the important game in the title challenge against PSV Eindhoven the following week. A couple of weeks later, Guidetti scored his next goal away to De Graafschap in a 3–0 win. He scored his 20th, and final, goal of the season in a 3–0 city-derby home win over Excelsior Rotterdam in April. Guidetti then missed the rest of the Eredivisie season, as well as UEFA Euro 2012, after losing all feeling in his right leg while suffering from a mystery virus.

Without the injured Guidetti, Feyenoord managed to secure only second spot of the league, but it guaranteed them a place in the qualification rounds for the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. Guidetti, who watched from home the game against SC Heerenveen which clinched second place, was then carried on the shoulders of some Feyenoord fans towards De Kuip stadium to celebrate this achievement. Later on he was seen singing "Feyenoord till I die" with the fans at the stadium and singing a Champions League song at the pitch amongst the other players. In total, Guidetti scored 20 goals and provided eight assists in 23 games for Feyenoord during this loan spell.

Struggling for fitness

Guidetti was back at Man City for the start of 2012–13, but spent the most of the season struggling to recover from the virus that curtailed his spell at Feyenoord. The severity of the disorder saw Guidetti diagnosed with an infected nerve, which caused him to lose feeling in his right leg.  Commenting about Guidetti's condition, assistant manager David Platt explained, "For about two or three months he [Guidetti] couldn't do anything and it takes a long time to get that back."  Despite this, Guidetti signed a new three-year deal with Manchester City on 18 October 2012, keeping him at the Etihad Stadium until 2015.

He finally returned to playing football on 14 January 2013 when he played in the first half of an Under 21 League match between City and Reading U21s, scoring the opening goal in a 3–1 win.  Guidetti scored a further five goals in his next six games for the Development Side, before sucummbing to a knee injury which later required surgery.

Loan to Stoke City
On 14 January 2014, Guidetti joined Stoke City on loan for the remainder of the 2013–14 season. He made his debut on 18 January 2014 coming on as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat against Crystal Palace. After not playing in Stoke's next match against Chelsea in the FA Cup, Guidetti vented his frustration towards manager Mark Hughes to the Swedish media. Guidetti later insisted that he was not being disrespectful to Hughes. He had an unsuccessful time at Stoke as he made just six appearances, all of them as a substitute.

Loan to Celtic
On 4 September 2014, Guidetti joined Scottish Premiership side Celtic on loan for the 2014–15 season, but was ineligible for the UEFA Europe League group stages. He made his debut nine days later, replacing Scott Brown for the final 29 minutes of a 2–1 home win over Aberdeen. On 24 September he scored his first Celtic goal, opening a 3–0 home win over Heart of Midlothian in the last 16 of the Scottish League Cup. Three days later he scored his first Premiership goals, netting both as Celtic won 2–1 at St Mirren.

He scored a hat-trick on 29 October, as Celtic advanced to the semi-finals of the Scottish League Cup with a 6–0 win over Partick Thistle. His treble was the 15th hat-trick scored at Celtic by a Swedish player. Three days later he scored the only goal in a league win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle, his ninth goal in his last seven games. He was named as the Premiership Player of the Month for October 2014, with six goals in four games, all won by Celtic.

Guidetti scored a penalty in Celtic's 4–0 win at Heart of Midlothian in the fourth round of the Scottish Cup on 30 November; its awarding was controversial as the Hearts players protested that he had dived under pressure from Brad McKay. It was his 11th goal in just 10 games for Celtic, after which Guidetti embarked on run of 10 games without a goal, and lost his place in the starting eleven to Leigh Griffiths. However, on as a second-half substitute in the UEFA Europa League match against Inter Milan on 19 February, he rescued a 3–3 draw for Celtic with a stoppage-time equaliser, controlling a lobbed pass onto his chest before volleying into the roof of the net.

On 15 March, Guidetti won his first silverware at Celtic, as they defeated Dundee United 2–0 in the League Cup Final at Hampden Park. He came on in the 69th minute for Griffiths, and 15 minutes later when James Forrest won a penalty, Celtic players wanted Guidetti to take it; Forrest took it himself and it was saved by Radosław Cierzniak. Prior to that, Guidetti had assisted Forrest for Celtic's second goal. On 19 April, in a Scottish Cup semi-final at Hampden Park, he came on for Griffiths in extra time and equalised against Inverness, although Celtic eventually lost 2–3. It was his 15th goal of the season. Guidetti finished the season with 15 goals from 35 appearances for Celtic.

At the end of the 2014–15 season, it was announced that parent club Manchester City did not intend to offer Guidetti a new contract, and would become a free agent once his contract expired along with teammate Micah Richards.

Celta Vigo
On 11 July 2015, Guidetti signed for La Liga club Celta Vigo on a free transfer, after agreeing to a five-year contract. He made his debut on 23 August as a 69th-minute substitute for Hugo Mallo in a 2–1 win at Levante, and scored his first goal on 23 September, a volley to confirm a 4–1 win over reigning champions FC Barcelona five minutes after entering as a replacement for Iago Aspas. On 27 January 2016, Guidetti scored with a 25-metre volley in a 3–2 win over Atlético Madrid in the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey, helping his side reach the semi-finals of the Cup for the first time in 15 years.

Alavés
On 8 January 2018, Guidetti was loaned to fellow first division club Deportivo Alavés, until the end of the season. On 29 May, he signed a permanent four-year deal with the club.

Loan to Hannover 96
On 17 January 2020, Guidetti was loaned out to Hannover 96 for the rest of the 2019–20 season.

AIK
At the conclusion of his Alavés contract, Guidetti returned to Sweden, signing with AIK.

International career

Youth

Guidetti played 14 matches and scored 14 goals for Sweden's Under-19 national squads, including four goals against the Netherlands. Although initially considered to be beyond selection to play for the Sweden U21 team (who were leading their European Championship qualifying group at the time) in the June 2010 fixtures against Israel and Montenegro, Guidetti ultimately got his chance to play at this higher level as a replacement for the injured first choice striker Agon Mehmeti. Guidetti accordingly took his place in the Sweden U21 team's starting eleven that manage to win away 1–0 against Israel.

Guidetti earned his next international cap when he was included in the Sweden U19 team rather than the Sweden U21 team because according to Swedish Under-21 national team coach, Jörgen Lennartsson, they had even "greater need" for him back in the younger team. He scored after just four minutes in his first game back with the Under-19 line-up against Poland. After the Sweden U21 team suffered a surprise home defeat against Israel without Guidetti, John was recalled once again to play for this team in its decisive qualifying match against Bulgaria, where he created the winning and only goal for Sweden in a 1–0 victory.

At the 2015 European Under-21 Championship in the Czech Republic, Guidetti equalised as Sweden came from behind to defeat Italy 2–1 in their opening group game in Olomouc. He took and scored Sweden's first spot-kick in the penalty shootout in the final against Portugal, which his team won after a 0–0 draw in Prague.

Senior
Guidetti debuted with the Sweden senior squad on 29 February 2012 in a friendly away to Croatia, coming on as a half-time substitute. He had to wait over two-and-a-half years for his second cap, replacing Isaac Thelin for the last 23 minutes of a 1–0 friendly defeat to France in Marseille on 18 November 2014. He scored his first goal for Sweden on 5 June 2016, netting the third in a 3–0 friendly win over Wales.

He was a squad player for Sweden at Euro 2016.

In May 2018 he was named in Sweden's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.

Personal life
Guidetti's paternal grandfather is Italian and his paternal grandmother is half Swedish, half Brazilian. Guidetti has lived in Kenya on two occasions with his father Mike, mother Susanne and his sister Carmen. Guidetti credits playing football with older children from the poorer slum areas of Kibera and Mathare as an important step in his development on and off the field, and founded a NGO that helps children in the area.

In the summer of 2015, Swedish music group Badpojken made a song about Guidetti, called "Johnny G (The Guidetti Song)". It peaked number 1 at the Swedish music charts.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first

Honours
Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2014–15
Scottish League Cup: 2014–15

Sweden U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2015

Individual
Scottish Premiership Player of the Month: October 2014
Scottish League Cup Top goalscorer: 2014–15
UEFA European Under-21 Championship Bronze Boot: 2015

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Stockholm
Swedish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Mathare United F.C. players
Ligi Ndogo S.C. players
IF Brommapojkarna players
Manchester City F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Feyenoord players
Stoke City F.C. players
Celtic F.C. players
RC Celta de Vigo players
Deportivo Alavés players
AIK Fotboll players
Hannover 96 players
Superettan players
Allsvenskan players
English Football League players
Eredivisie players
Premier League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
La Liga players
2. Bundesliga players
Sweden men's youth international footballers
Sweden men's under-21 international footballers
Sweden men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Kenya
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Kenya
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in England
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Swedish people of Brazilian descent
Swedish people of Italian descent

John Guidetti


Ma'a Allan Nonu  (; born 21 May 1982) is a professional rugby union player from New Zealand who currently plays for the San Diego Legion in Major League Rugby (MLR). He plays in the inside centre, but can also cover outside centre and wing.

He was a key member of the All Blacks' 2011 and 2015 Rugby World Cup winning teams, becoming one of only 21 players who have won the Rugby World Cup on multiple occasions.

He is regarded as one of the greatest centres to ever play the game of rugby union.

Career

Early career
Nonu attended Strathmore Park Primary School in Wellington, then attended Rongotai College in Wellington. At club level, he represented Oriental Rongotai in the Wellington competition. He played for the Wellington Secondary Schools team in 1999–2000, and the Wellington Under 19s team in 2001. He also played rugby league as a youngster.

Professional career and the All Blacks
He made his provincial debut for Wellington in the 2002 NPC and debuted for the Hurricanes in the 2003 Super 12. He played for the New Zealand Sevens in 2004. On the back of some outstanding Super 12 form, Nonu made his Test debut for the All Blacks on 14 June 2003, starting at centre in a 15-13 loss to England.

Nonu missed selection for the 2003 Tri Nations, with the selectors preferring Umaga, Aaron Mauger and Daniel Carter in the midfield. He was selected for the All Blacks' 2003 World Cup squad and played in pool matches against Canada, Italy and Tonga. He scored his first Test try against Canada and was generally impressive on attack and easily breaking the line and his big stature was intimidating to the opposition. However, question marks over his defensive game and inexperience meant he was not selected for the knockout stage of the tournament despite an injury to Umaga.

Nonu missed selection for the Tri Nations in 2004 after a form slump in the Super 12. He forced his way back into contention playing for Wellington in the 2004 NPC, and played as a substitute in all four matches on the All Blacks' undefeated end of year tour to Europe.

Nonu played on the wing for much of the 2005 Super 12, with Conrad Smith preferred as Umaga's midfield partner. Standout performances included a hat trick against 2004 Super 12 champions the Brumbies. Nonu played at second five-eighth for the Possibles in the 2005 All Blacks trial, scoring two tries and setting up two more to inspire the Possibles to an upset win over the Probables. He played in the second Test against the 2005 British & Irish Lions as a substitute, replacing Sitiveni Sivivatu on the wing. He again missed selection for the 2005 Tri Nations.

Wellington Lions captain Umaga was rested during the 2005 NPC, and in his absence Nonu was promoted to the captaincy of the team. During the NPC, he established himself as one of New Zealand's most dangerous midfield runners. He was selected for the 2005 All Blacks Grand Slam tour, playing Tests as a substitute against Wales and Scotland, and earning his third Test start against Ireland. He was cited for an alleged spear tackle against Brian O'Driscoll during the Test against Ireland, but was later cleared of the charge.

In 2006 Nonu was ruled out of the Tri Nations squad due to injury, Mils Muliaina being chosen to take his place. He damaged the base of his left thumb playing club rugby in Wellington, which required him to have surgery. He was, however, included in the end of year tour with the All Blacks.

Due to his absence from the All Blacks Tri Nations squad, Nonu was able to play every game with the Wellington Lions in the Air New Zealand Cup, which greatly helped them. Nonu missed out on selection for the 2007 Rugby World Cup, with the selectors preferring Aaron Mauger, Luke McAlister, Conrad Smith and Isaia Toeava in the centres.

The game against Argentina on 28 September 2013 marked a record fiftieth international game in combination with Conrad Smith.

Rugby league
In December 2006, Nonu expressed a desire to switch codes to rugby league and play in the National Rugby League (NRL) after the 2007 Rugby World Cup. A move overseas was seen as more likely as he was not named in Graham Henry's 2007 squad but was instead dropped to the Junior All Blacks.

In 2008, Nonu returned to the All Blacks, starting in the majority of tests throughout the year, and regarded to be the All Blacks first choice inside centre.

2011 Tri-Nations & Rugby World Cup
Nonu played his first international of 2011 in a friendly against Fiji.

He played in New Zealand's first Tri-Nations game against South Africa. The All Blacks ended up winning 40-7. He then went on to play New Zealand's next game in the Tri-Nations against Australia where he scored the opening try. He played the final game of the tournament against Australia and scored his 21st international try.

Nonu was selected for the All Blacks  2011 Rugby World Cup. He scored the final try in the All Blacks' opening match against Tonga. On 23 October 2011, he played in the final against France, which the All Blacks won by 8-7 to become world champions.

Ricoh Black Rams
Following the 2011 Rugby World Cup, Nonu joined the Ricoh Black Rams, in Japan, on a short-term 'sabbatical'. In 12 games for the Rams, he scored six tries and received one yellow card.

Blues
On 1 July 2011, Nonu announced he had signed a two-year contract with the Blues. This was after the Hurricanes announced he would not be resigned following the 2011 Super Rugby season.

Nonu made his debut for the Blues in round three of the 2012 Super Rugby season.
2012 also marked a 'below-par' season for Nonu in terms of form and his struggle to return to the No. 12 jersey for the All Blacks. Nonu's performances following his return from his Black Rams sabbatical were met with poor response  and subsequently led to his exclusion from the match-day 22 for the France test series. Nonu's place was filled by Sonny Bill Williams, whose form and consistency kept Nonu out of the 12 jersey until Week 3 of the 2012 Rugby Championship. Due to injury to former Hurricanes teammate Conrad Smith, Nonu returned to the All Blacks starting lineup in the first week of the inaugural Rugby Championship at 13, centre, with Sonny Bill at 12, forming what was considered the most 'destructive' centre pairing in world rugby.

Nonu returned to the All Blacks number 12 jersey. Following Williams' departure to Japan and then the NRL, Nonu played all but one of the remaining tests as second five-eighth, except against Scotland where he came off the bench.

Super Rugby movements
After one season in Auckland, Nonu moved to Dunedin, signing a one-year deal with the Highlanders for the 2013 Super Rugby season.

After struggling to find a Super Rugby team for 2014, (where all 5 New Zealand franchises initially stated they weren't interested in signing him), Nonu eventually turned down a lucrative offer to play for French Top 14 side Clermont, to return to the Blues for another season. In doing so, he made himself available to continue playing for the All Blacks throughout 2014 and ultimately gain selection for the Rugby World Cup the following year in England.

Nonu returned to the Hurricanes for the 2015 Super Rugby season, the team he left in 2011. It was speculated that the departure of former Hurricanes coach Mark Hammett to the Cardiff Blues paved the way for his return.

Toulon
On 20 December 2014, it was announced Nonu would be joining Top 14 side Toulon after the 2015 Rugby World Cup on a two-year deal.

2015 World Cup
Nonu was selected as the starting inside centre for the 2015 Rugby World Cup, he played in nearly every pool game. Nonu played every knockout match and scored a 50m solo try to help the All Blacks beat Australia 34-17 in the final.

In the 2016 New Year Honours, Nonu was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to rugby.

Second Blues return
Nonu signed on with the Blues for the 2019 Super Rugby season.

San Diego Legion
Major League Rugby announced in October 2019 that Nonu would play for the San Diego Legion in the 2020 season. Nonu was named captain of the San Diego Legion for the 2022 season.

Playing style
Nonu is well known for his explosiveness and powerful attacking runs and regularly breaks the defensive line at will. 2011 World Cup-winning All Blacks coach Graham Henry has described him as "probably the best linebreaker in this game in this country."

Nonu has been noted to possess a similar attacking skillset to former All Black centre Tana Umaga. Like Umaga, he is an exceptional crash ball runner who excels at breaking the line and creating space for outside backs. In 2005, Henry described Nonu as "young Tana," underlining the impression that he was being groomed as a potential successor to Umaga. This comparison has been confirmed in recent times by Wayne Smith.

Personal life
Nonu became a vegetarian while playing in France for Toulon, citing his son Michael as his motivation: "Michael, my second one, he's seven years old. When he was growing up, I was trying to feed him meat – chicken – and he never liked it. I thought 'let's try something new'. I said 'I'm not going to eat meat because I feel sorry for him enough, he'll (feel) stink. If we're going out and I'm ordering a T-bone steak and he's eating his carrots and cucumber … so I said look for the love of my son I won't eat meat because I'll try to be the same as him".

According to Nonu, part of the reason why he had remained in good condition and fitness despite his advancing years was because he was very careful about what he ate, crediting his new diet with his resurgence playing Super Rugby for the Blues at 37 years old. "It's helped me physically and I enjoy it, you know."

Honours
:
 Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (MNZM) (2019)

References

External links

Statistics from Fox Sports

New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Rugby union centres
Rugby union wings
1982 births
Living people
New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent
People educated at Rongotai College
New Zealand Latter Day Saints
Blues (Super Rugby) players
Hurricanes (rugby union) players
Wellington rugby union players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
RC Toulon players
Expatriate rugby union players in Japan
Expatriate rugby union players in France
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Japan
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in France
Black Rams Tokyo players
Rugby union players from Wellington City
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
San Diego Legion players
East Coast rugby union players
2003 Rugby World Cup players
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players

Ma'a Nonu


Kiki is a 1931 American pre-Code romantic comedy, starring Mary Pickford and Reginald Denny, which was directed by Sam Taylor. It was based upon the David Belasco play of the same name. The film is a remake of the 1926 version starring Norma Talmadge.

Plot
Kiki (Mary Pickford) is a hapless French chorus girl who has just been fired from her job. She doesn't accept it and goes to see producer Victor Randall (Reginald Denny). He, however, is really busy and is annoyed by her presence. To get her out of his office, he promises her job back. Before she leaves, she drops her purse and clippings of Victor shaped in hearts fall out. It becomes clear Kiki is secretly in love with him.

When the next show becomes a disaster because of Kiki, she is again fired. She goes complaining at Victor Randall's office for the second time. He is now charmed by her and invites Kiki to his apartment. There, she notices a photo of his ex-wife Paulette Vaile (Margaret Livingston). He kisses her, but she is insulted and slaps him. She hides in another room and makes clear she feels used and thinks Victor is still not over Paulette.

She eventually falls asleep in the room and finds a letter from Paulette the next morning. Although it's for Victor, she reads it. It says she is sorry about last night and wants to make up with Victor. Kiki becomes jealous and ruins the letter. Meanwhile, the servants are irritated by Kiki and try to get her out of Victor's apartment. Victor confronts her when the servants inform him Kiki has stolen a few of Paulette's letters. He eventually finds the letters and reads them.

Victor and Kiki have a conversation and flirt for the first time. Kiki becomes angry when Victor receives a phone call from Paulette and answers it. Paulette later visits Victor's apartment. Kiki is outraged and tells Paulette she is in love with Victor and intends to marry him. Victor catches Kiki intimidating and scaring Paulette and orders her to get out.

Victor and Paulette fall in love with each other again, but they find out Kiki hasn't left the apartment. Kiki pretends to be unconscious. Victor puts her in bed to rest and Kiki kisses him. He tells Paulette he can't leave Kiki alone. Paulette feels betrayed and leaves him. Victor and Kiki finally fall in love and kiss.

Cast
Mary Pickford as Kiki
Reginald Denny as Victor Randall
Joseph Cawthorn as Alfred Rapp
Margaret Livingston as Paulette Vaile
Phil Tead as Eddie
Fred Walton as Bunson
Edwin Maxwell as Dr. Smiley
George Davis (uncredited)
Betty Grable as Goldwyn Girl (uncredited)
Edmund Mortimer (uncredited)
Fred Warren (uncredited)
Blue Washington (uncredited)
Dorothy White as Goldwyn Girl (uncredited)

Release
The film was released in 1931. New York Times film critic Mordaunt Hall credited the film for its comedy and characterizations of the stars in the movie; however longtime Pickford fans were not used to the loose adult role that the star traded for her earlier ingenuousness and it eventually flopped at the box office.

A copy of Kiki still exists at the UCLA Film and Television Archive. It was released on DVD by Alpha Video on March 1, 2016, the last Mary Pickford talkie to be released. It was the first Mary Pickford film since the formation of United Artists to lose money.

References

External links

1931 films
1931 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Sam Taylor
Remakes of American films
Sound film remakes of silent films
United Artists films
Films with screenplays by Sam Taylor (director)
Films produced by Joseph M. Schenck
American films based on plays
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
Goldwyn Girls

Kiki (1931 film)


A crossover SUV, crossover utility vehicle, or CUV is a type of SUV that is based on a unibody structure. These cars are usually lighter than heavier body-on-frame SUVs. The term was first used on the 1979 'AMC Eagle', and the first modern example is the 1994 Toyota RAV4. Unlike general SUVs that are usually all-wheel drive, or four-wheel drive, crossovers tend to also have an option of all-wheel, rear-wheel, or front-wheel drive.

Vehicles in this segment are usually based on a car/unibody platform, typically used on sedans, station wagons, and hatchbacks. Since the late 2010s, crossovers have started replacing minivans.

Advantages
CUVs have three advantages over SUVs:
 CUVs are often lighter than SUVs and therefore offer better fuel efficiency.
 CUVs are lower to the ground than SUVs, are safer, and have better road handling.
 CUVs are generally cheaper to produce.

Sport utility vehicles

Crossover SUV


In historical linguistics, a macrofamily, also called a superfamily or phylum, is a proposed genetic relationship grouping together language families (also isolates) in a larger scale classification. However, Campbell regards this term as superfluous, preferring "language family" for those classifications for which there is consensus and "distant genetic relationship" for those for which there is no, or not yet, consensus, whether due to lack of documentation or scholarship of the constituent languages, or to an estimated time depth thought by many linguists to be too great for reconstruction.

More rarely, the term has also been applied to an exceptionally old, large and diverse language family, such as Afro-Asiatic.

Examples of proposed macro-families range from relatively recent such as East Asian, Macro-Jê, Macro-Waikurúan, Macro-Mayan, Macro-Siouan, Penutian, Na-Dene and Congo-Saharan (Niger-Saharan) to older ones such as Austric, Dené–Caucasian, Eurasiatic, Nostratic or Ural-Altaic.

See also
Language family
List of language families
Father Tongue hypothesis
Classification of Southeast Asian languages
Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
Borean languages

References

Historical linguistics
Paleolinguistics
Proposed language families

Macrofamily


Herivelto de Oliveira Martins (also Herivelto Martins) (Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, Brazil, January 30, 1912 – Rio de Janeiro, September 17, 1992) was a Brazilian composer, singer, and music player.

Martins was the author of many classic Brazilian songs, especially sambas. They include:
 Da cor do meu violão
 Ave Maria no Morro
 Praça onze
 Que rei sou eu?

Martins formed the Trio de Ouro group in 1936 with Nilo Chagas and his wife, Dalva de Oliveira.  Martin's son, Pery Ribeiro, became a highly successful singer of Bossa Nova, and Música popular brasileira and Jazz.

Selected filmography
 Berlin to the Samba Beat (1944)

External links
 Martin's Biography  at Cliquemusic

1912 births
1992 deaths
Brazilian male composers
20th-century Brazilian male singers
20th-century Brazilian singers
20th-century composers

Herivelto Martins


The Worcester Fragments are a collection of medieval music associated with Worcester, England.

History
The Worcester Fragments comprise 25 short pieces of vocal music. They are referred to as "fragments" because they do not exist in one unified manuscript but have been reassembled from sheets used as book-binding material in later centuries. These old materials had themselves at some stage been bundled together into several collections of flyleaves and saved in various books which had historical connections with Worcester. Once it was recognised that these scattered fragments came from the same source it was possible to piece them together, though much remained missing.

The pieces are from the late 13th century to early 14th century. None of them is longer than five minutes, with some as short as one minute long. They demonstrate a variety of musical forms from the period, including the conductus and motet. Parts of several polyphonic compositions attributed to Willelmus de Winchecumbe are included in the Worcester Fragments.

15 original leaves of the Worcester Fragments were recovered from late-medieval bindings of Worcester Cathedral Priory and are
now at the Bodleian Library in Oxford.

References

Medieval music manuscript sources
Choral compositions
History of Worcester, England
Culture in Worcester, England
Music in Worcestershire
Bodleian Library collection

Worcester Fragments


Peter Michael Thomas (born 9 August 1954) is an English rock drummer best known for his collaboration with singer Elvis Costello, both as a member of his band the Attractions and with Costello as a solo artist. Besides his lengthy career as a studio musician and touring drummer, he has been a member of the band Squeeze during the 1990s and a member of the supergroup Works Progress Administration during the early 2000s.

Tom Waits has referred to him as "one of the best rock drummers alive."

Career
Thomas states that his favourite album and greatest influence is Are You Experienced by The Jimi Hendrix Experience. He first heard the album at the age of 14, and became greatly influenced by Jimi Hendrix Experience drummer Mitch Mitchell. Thomas met his drumming hero as a teenager, after waiting outside Mitchell's house for multiple days.

Following early work with Chilli Willi and the Red Hot Peppers and John Stewart, Thomas was recruited as a member of Costello's backing band the Attractions in 1977. Elvis Costello & the Attractions would spend the next decade touring the world, and recording nine albums, from This Year's Model (1978) to Blood and Chocolate (1986).

Although Costello split with the Attractions between 1987 and 1993, he continued to work regularly with Thomas during this period. Thomas played drums on the albums Spike (1989), Mighty Like a Rose (1991), and Kojak Variety (recorded in 1990 but not released until 1995) and was a member of Costello's 1989–1991 touring band, The Rude 5.

Costello reunited with the Attractions for the albums Brutal Youth (1994) and All This Useless Beauty (1996).

In 2001, Costello recruited Thomas, Faragher, and fellow Attraction Steve Nieve to record the album that became When I Was Cruel (2002). Elvis Costello & the Imposters, as they were subsequently named, have gone on to tour extensively, and recorded the album The Delivery Man (2004). From 2008 until 2010, Thomas was a member of the house band for Costello's television program Spectacle: Elvis Costello with...

Thomas lives in Los Angeles, with his wife Judy. Their daughter Tennessee is drummer for the band the Like. In 2003, Thomas was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Elvis Costello & the Attractions.

In summer 2015, Thomas hit the road as drummer for the summer tour of the folk-pop duo the Weepies.

Studio work
Over the years Thomas has been an in-demand session musician. His many credits include drums for Graham Parker's 1991 album Struck by Lightning and 1992 album Burning Questions.

After Costello split with the Attractions for a second time, Thomas worked for the next few years primarily as a session drummer, recording with such artists as Suzanne Vega, Neil Finn, Richard Thompson, Vonda Shepard, Mikel Erentxun, Sheryl Crow, Fito Páez, Joaquín Sabina, Los Lobos, Wild Colonials, Matt Brown of 3 lb. Thrill, Wendy James, Tasmin Archer and John Paul Jones.

In 1993, Thomas joined the band Squeeze for their album Some Fantastic Place, replacing Gilson Lavis on drums, and for the tour in support of it.

In 1994, Thomas was part of a trio that included vocalist/avant garde opera diva Diamanda Galás and former Led Zeppelin bassist/multi-instrumentalist John Paul Jones, who recorded the album The Sporting Life.

He also played on the Elliott Smith album Figure 8 (DreamWorks, 2000), on the songs "Junk Bond Trader", "Wouldn't Mama Be Proud?" and "Can't Make a Sound".

Thomas currently plays local Los Angeles gigs with bassist Davey Faragher and guitarist Val McCallum, under the band name Jackshit.

In 2006, Thomas played drums on the album Doomed to Make Choices by Jason Karaban. He also plays drums on Karaban's album Sobriety Kills (2009) and Karaban's single "Succeed 101" (2009).

In 2008, he joined a new eight-piece supergroup, Works Progress Administration, with Sean Watkins (guitar), his sister Sara Watkins (fiddle), Glen Phillips (guitar, vocals), Benmont Tench (piano), Luke Bulla (fiddle), Greg Leisz (various), and Davey Faragher (bass). The group released their debut album on 28 August 2009. Thomas played on Willy DeVille's Pistola album in 2008.

In June 2008, Thomas recorded for a Kina Grannis album. In 2009 Thomas recorded for a Fito & Fitipaldis album titled Antes de que Cuente Diez.

In 2012, Thomas was the drummer on two national tours by artist Tammy Lang: the "Chelsea Madchen" tour, in which the singer parodied Nico, of Velvet Underground fame, and her outing as subversive traditional country-and-western alter ego Tammy Faye Starlite. Violinist Lisa Germano also played on both tours, as did bandleader/guitarist Peter "Petey" Andrews. The band "played some of the best blues rock music I've heard in years," wrote Huffington Post music correspondent Wendy Block.

In 2013, Thomas appeared on Arctic Monkeys' album, AM, on the song "Mad Sounds". The band described him as "saving the day" when their usual drummer Matt Helders broke his hand after punching a wall while drunk during recording sessions for the album.

In October 2013, he appeared on Later... with Jools Holland as drummer for Jake Bugg.

In 2014, Thomas played drums and percussion on most tracks of Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone for Lucinda Williams.

In 2015, Thomas played drums and percussion on award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter Leeroy Stagger's critically acclaimed album Love Versus.

In 2019 Thomas co-founded the Los Angeles-based Old Man Dinner Band with Harvey Shield.

Collaborations
With Tasmin Archer
 Bloom (EMI, 1996)

With Tracy Bonham
 Down Here (Island Records, 2000)

With Jackson Browne
 Standing in the Breach (Inside Recordings, 2014)
 Downhill from Everywhere (Inside Recordings, 2021)

With Jonatha Brooke
 Steady Pull (Bad Dog Records, 2001)

With Johnny Cash
 Rockabilly Blues (Columbia Records, 1980)

With Elvis Costello
 This Year's Model (Columbia Records, 1978)
 Armed Forces (Columbia Records, 1979)
 Get Happy!! (Columbia Records, 1980)
 Trust (Columbia Records, 1981)
 Almost Blue (F-Beat Records, 1981)
 Imperial Bedroom (F-Beat Records, 1982)
 Punch the Clock (F-Beat Records, 1983)
 Goodbye Cruel World (F-Beat Records, 1984)
 King of America (F-Beat Records, 1986)
 Blood & Chocolate (Columbia Records, 1986)
 Spike (Warner Bros. Records, 1989)
 Mighty Like a Rose (Warner Bros. Records, 1991)
 Brutal Youth (Warner Bros. Records, 1994)
 Kojak Variety (Warner Bros. Records, 1995)
 All This Useless Beauty (Warner Bros. Records, 1996)
 When I Was Cruel (Mercury Records, 2002)
 North (Deutsche Grammophon, 2003)
 The Delivery Man (Lost Highway Records, 2004)
 The River in Reverse (Verve Forecast, 2006)
 Momofuku (Lost Highway Records, 2008)
 National Ransom (Universal Records, 2010)
 Look Now (Concord Records, 2018)
 The Boy Named If (Capitol Records, 2022)

With Sheryl Crow
 Sheryl Crow (A&M Records, 1996)

With Willy DeVille
 Pistola (Eagle Records, 2008)

With Neil Finn
 Try Whistling This (Parlophone Records, 1998)

With Jeffrey Gaines
 Alright (Omnivore Recordings, 2018)

With John Wesley Harding
 Here Comes the Groom (Sire, 1990)
 The Name Above the Title (Sire, 1991)

With Susanna Hoffs
 Someday (Baroque Folk, 2012)

With Rickie Lee Jones
 The Evening of My Best Day (V2 Records, 2003)
 The Sermon on Exposition Boulevard (New West Records, 2007)
 Balm in Gilead (Fantasy Records, 2009)

With Juanes
 Origen (Universal Music, 2021)

With Amos Lee
 Supply and Demand (Blue Note Records, 2006)

With Nick Lowe
 Jesus of Cool (Radar Records, 1977)
 Labour of Lust (Radar Records, 1978)
 Pinker and Prouder Than Previous (Columbia Records, 1988)

With Billie Myers
 Vertigo (Universal, 2000)

With Randy Newman
 Bad Love (Dreamworks Records, 1999)
 Harps and Angels (Nonesuch Records, 2008)

With Daniel Powter
 Daniel Powter (Warner Bros. Records, 2005)

With Bonnie Raitt
 Fundamental (Capitol Records, 1998)
 Silver Lining (Capitol Records, 2002)

With Ron Sexsmith
 Whereabouts (Interscope Records, 1999)
 Time Being (V2 Records, 2006)
 Forever Endeavour (Cooking Vinyl, 2013)

With Vonda Shepard
 By 7:30 (Jacket Records, 1999)
 Chinatown (Edel Records, 2002)

With Michelle Shocked
 Mexican Standoff (Mighty Sound Records, 2005)

With Nancy Sinatra
 Nancy Sinatra (Attack Records, 2004)

With Josh Smith
 Burn to Grow (Vizztone, 2018)

With Matthew Sweet
 Altered Beast (Zoo Entertainment, 1993)

With Richard Thompson
 Mirror Blue (Capitol Records, 1994)
 You? Me? Us? (Capitol Records, 1996)

With Teddy Thompson
 Little Windows (Cooking Vinyl Records, 2016)

With Rufus Wainwright
 Poses (Dreamworks Records, 2001)
 Folkocracy (BMG, 2023)

With Dan Wilson
 Re-Covered (Ballroom Music, 2017)

With Rita Wilson
 Rita Wilson (Sing It Out Records, 2016)

References

External links
 Official Website

1954 births
Living people
English new wave musicians
English rock drummers
English session musicians
Squeeze (band) members
Elvis Costello & the Attractions members
Musicians from Sheffield
People educated at Priory School, Lewes
Works Progress Administration (band) members
Chilli Willi and the Red Hot Peppers members

Pete Thomas (drummer)