Watson Brothers Building is a heritage-listed warehouse at 129 Margaret Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1887 to 1918. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999.

History
This three-storeyed brick warehouse was constructed in 1887 for the successful Brisbane plumbing firm of Watson Brothers. It was designed by prominent Brisbane architect Richard Gailey, who in the 1880s and 1890s made a substantial contribution to Brisbane's central business district with his designs for commercial and industrial buildings such as shops, offices, hotels, warehouses and factories.

Watson Brothers Plumbing and Gasfitting Company was established by George Watson, senior, a Glasgow plumber who migrated to Brisbane in 1862, and by the mid-1860s had established a small plumbing business in Albert Street. In 1880 George retired leaving his four sons: George Watson, junior, Thomas, James and John Douglas, to continue the business. By the mid-1880s the firm, now known as Watson Brothers, was well established as plumbers, gasfitters and galvanised iron and lead works, with workshops in Edward Street and stores and an office in Eagle Street. George Watson Jnr was soon to take a prominent role in Brisbane's civic affairs: he was an alderman on the Brisbane Municipal Council from 1891 to 1896, and Mayor of Brisbane 1892–93.

Queensland's economic "high" of the 1880s produced an unprecedented building boom, especially in Brisbane. Watson Brothers plumbing and sanitary supplies business flourished, and in late 1885 the brothers purchased land in Margaret Street to accommodate a larger warehouse and workshop. Importantly, the site remained central and was close to the wharves along Eagle Street and Petrie Bight.

Watson Brothers' 1887 building was erected during a period of great change in the low-lying, swampy district of inner Brisbane known as Frog's Hollow – the ground between George and Edward Streets, bounded on the west by Elizabeth Street and on the east by Alice Street. The area was farmed by convict labour during the penal settlement of the 1820s and 1830s, and in the 1840s and 1850s was sparsely settled with cottages erected on the higher land. In the busy post-Separation decades of the 1860s and 1870s, an ad hoc process of land filling was undertaken as Frog's Hollow became more densely populated by the working classes, and shophouses, house-workshops, small factories or workshops, boarding houses and hotels were erected. During the boom years of the 1880s, these residences and small workshops were replaced gradually with large and imposing commercial and industrial premises, as Frog's Hollow, conveniently located near the wharves, emerged as Brisbane's principal light-industrial and warehousing precinct. Factories and workshops specialising in clothing, footwear, saddlery, furniture, building, printing, brewing, milling, confectionery or biscuit manufacture, coachmaking, ship-fitting and metal-working, as well as substantial importer and manufacturer warehousing, either were established or expanded. By the late 1880s, engineering and ironfounding firms were particularly prominent in the lower Edward, Alice and Margaret Streets precinct, and included Smellie & Co., Smith, Forrester & Co., Harvey Sargeant & Co., and Overend & Co. Watson Brothers incorporated a small workshop at the rear of their 1887 warehouse, which was appropriately located in the metal-working precinct of Frog's Hollow.

The Watson Brothers Building (1887), with its three storeys and ornate facade, was one of the more imposing of the Frog's Hollow warehouses. The upper level of a two level workshop at the rear of the property was accessed by a laneway at the side of the building. Similar warehouses/factories erected at this period included the 1887 speculative warehouse at the corner of Edward and Mary Streets (later Coal Board Building); Smellie & Co.'s 1888–89 warehouse at the corner of Edward and Alice Streets (now Old Mineral House); and George Myers & Co.'s warehouse (1889–90) in Edward Street (now the Metro Arts Theatre). All four were designed by architect Richard Gailey.

Gailey conducted a highly successful and prolific architectural practice in Brisbane for nearly 60 years, from 1865 until his death in 1924. While hotels were his speciality - he designed or modified over 30 in Brisbane alone in the period 1869-95 - he also designed a large number of substantial, often highly decorative, warehouses and office buildings, and contributed significantly to the re-building of Brisbane in the 1880s as a prosperous, late Victorian city.

Some of Gailey's other boom-era central city work survives, including the Tara House for the Irish Club (1877-1879) in Elizabeth Street; Colonial Mutual Life Building (1882–83) in Queen Street; Treasury Chambers (1885–86) in George and Elizabeth Streets (Elizabeth Street now a facade); and Finney Isles & Co.'s (1887) store at the corner of Edward and Adelaide Streets. Some of his CBD buildings have survived as facades only: Telegraph Newspaper Company offices (1878) in Queen Street (now part of the Myer Centre facade); the former Allan and Stark Building (1881-82 & 1885) on the opposite side of Queen Street; and Hill's Buildings (1888–89) in Queen Street, Petrie Bight (later the Queensland Country Life Building).

Gailey was architect to the Bank of New South Wales, the Brisbane Grammar School (from 1882) and the Children's Hospital (from 1883). A staunch Baptist, he designed the Baptist City Tabernacle (1889–90) at the corner of Wickham Terrace and Upper Edward Street and numerous suburban (mostly non-conformist Protestant) churches. Some of his better-known Brisbane residential work includes the alterations and additions to Fernberg (1888–90) at Paddington (now Government House); and Moorlands (1892) at Toowong.

Gailey's work was not confined to Brisbane, and examples of his work survive throughout Queensland. He was a prolific designer, whose decorative detailing retains its popular appeal. He was also a successful businessman and property developer, took a keen interest in civic, church and benevolent affairs, served on numerous committees and boards, was a prominent freemason, and was a foundation vice-president of the Queensland Institute of Architects in 1889–90. Gailey was at the forefront of the re-development of Brisbane in the 1880s, and his significance cannot be underestimated.

Watson Brothers' 1887 building was erected by contractors Smith and Balls (Henry Smith and John Irwin Balls), who had tendered with a price of £4500. When the provision and execution of the metal work by Watson Brothers was included, however, the actual cost of construction was over £6,000. When completed in October 1887, the building was described as a handsome three-storied pile, of brick with ornamental facade. [Queensland Figaro 22 October 1887:647] It had a frontage of  to Margaret Street and a depth of . The ground floor was divided into 3 sections:
 warehousing space on the north side
 a central carriage way which permitted wagons and carts to access the rear yard
 offices, with a storeroom behind, on the south side
The second floor was partitioned by three masonry walls with archway access between, and served as showrooms. The third storey contained a single, undivided space utilised as the packing and unpacking department. There were three rear doors on the second and third levels, and American lifts were installed to permit goods to be hoisted to or from the back yard. A shed and workshop, fitted with machinery and racks, was located at the rear of the yard - (this structure was two-storeyed by 1918, and probably by 1913) - and along the northern wall of the yard were out-offices and a three-stalled stables. In October 1887, a month before they opened, Watson Brothers advertised half to two-thirds of the building for lease. In subsequent years the firm occupied the entire warehouse.

Despite serious flooding in 1893 and an economic depression in the 1890s, by the turn of the century Watson Brothers had emerged as Queensland's largest plumbing and sanitary engineering business. In 1907 a retail plumbing supply and general hardware branch store was opened in Queen Street, and in 1918 a new plumbing workshop was erected on land adjoining the rear of the Margaret Street property, facing Alice Street. During the First World War, Watson Brothers carried out plumbing alterations to 90% of all vessels converted to troopships in Queensland and sent tradesmen to Sydney for the same task; during the Second World War the firm provided equipment for Australian and American forces in Brisbane. The business remained a family enterprise until 1961 when it was forced into liquidation. The Margaret Street property was sold in 1963 to Margaret Street Holdings and transferred to Orb Holdings in 1978. During the early 1980s the building was occupied by the Queensland Ballet Company.

In 2015, the former warehouse and central carriageway of the ground floor was used for car parking and the former ground floor offices was used as a cafe. The upper floors are divided into a number of small tenancies.

Description
Watson Brothers Building is a three-storeyed brick warehouse with a rendered facade. It consists of three equal portions across. The ground floor section of the two northern portions have been removed for vehicular access, but dividing walls remain extending to the rear of the building. The surviving southern portion has three segmental arched openings. The left two openings are now recessed doorways and the other a window. Originally the most northern portion had a similar arrangement of openings while the central portion had a window to one side and large opening for carriage access to the rear. The pilasters to each side of the surviving southern ground floor portion are rendered to imitate stone coursework capped with mouldings and rosettes. Above this is a cornice with small dentils separating the upper two floors from the ground floor.

The three portions are divided on the two upper levels by fluted giant order pilasters with ornate Corinthian capitals that include grotesque masks. The first floor windows have segmental arches and the ones on the top floor are semi-circular. The arches are embellished with hood and label mouldings and decorated key stones. These openings have balustrading in their lower portion. A line of rosettes between pilasters separates the two upper floors. The words "WATSON BROS. LIMITED" appear painted on the frieze below the parapet. Centred on the parapet of each portion is a closed-off arch below a small triangular pediment and flanked by florid scrolls. An open balustrade links these and other solid sections of parapet which support urns, visually separating the three distinct parts of the building at parapet level. The central archway contains the words "WATSONS 1887 BUILDINGS". The side and back walls are unpainted brickwork. No trace remains of an earlier post-supported street awning (extant by , but not part of the original design) with its curved corrugated iron roof and central archway.

On the side wall facing the laneway it is still possible to distinguish signwriting describing Watson's goods - hardware and plumbing supplies. The laneway provides a link across the city block and has a visual quality contributed to by the unrendered expanse of the side of the building. The rear elevation of the building is visually divided into three distinct portions relating to those of the front, each with a gable end. These have large central openings running through all levels and loading gantries located centrally above, although the central gantry has been removed. Smaller individual windows are situated to either side of each large opening on the upper two levels.

To the rear of the warehouse, and separated from it by an open courtyard, is a two storeyed building open to the north west. This timber-framed structure is supported on all sides but the north west, on stone walls bounding the property line and in sections acting as retaining walls. These stone walls, of squared porphyry rubble laid in courses, are extended in height by two generations of brickwork additions which support the triangular timber trusses of the corrugated iron skillion roof.

The walls and concrete floor of the courtyard bear evidence of earlier buildings on this site through a series of recesses left by the removal of earlier timber framing members, likely to be from early stables on the site.

Internally, large open areas of timber flooring still exist, but some internal partitioning has been added. From the new vehicular access ways the timber joists and herring-bone strutting of the floor above can be clearly seen. Some evidence of closed-off arched openings exist in the dividing walls at ground floor level.

Heritage listing
Watson Brothers Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

Watson Brothers Building is important in illustrating the rise to prominence of local Queensland manufacturing and enterprise during the 1880s boom period, and demonstrates the evolution of Frog's Hollow as the principal warehousing and light-industrial sector of Brisbane's central business district during the second half of the 19th century.

The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.

The site includes a late 19th century yard and remnant evidence of the original stables and out-offices, and a workshop extant by , the survival of which in Brisbane's central business district is a now rare aspect of Queensland's cultural heritage.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

Watson Brothers Building is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an 1880s boom era warehouse with ornate detailing. It is one of a group of warehouses of similar scale and materials erected in Frog's Hollow during the late 1880s-early 1890s, which contribute to our understanding of late 19th century concerns with promoting commerce and industry through substantial and imposing building design.

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

Watson Brothers Building is significant for its streetscape contribution to Margaret Street in terms of the scale and rhythm of its facade, and the presence of a laneway exposing much of the northern side of the building. The highly decorative facade, intact above the ground floor, retains its aesthetic appeal.

The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.

The building is significant for its special association with local Brisbane plumbing firm Watson Brothers [earlier George Watson] and its contribution to Queensland's building industry for nearly a century. The building is also a fine example of the commercial work of influential Brisbane architect Richard Gailey, whose Brisbane [Queensland] practice spanned nearly 6 decades and who made a particularly significant contribution to the Brisbane townscape in the 1880s and 1890s.

References

Attribution

External links

Queensland Heritage Register
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Margaret Street, Brisbane
Commercial buildings completed in 1887
Warehouses in Queensland

Watson Brothers Building


(Henrik) Kurt Carlsen (20 February 1914 – 7 October 1989) was a Danish-born sea-captain who became world-famous in January 1952 when he stayed on his sinking freighter, the Flying Enterprise, for 13 days. It eventually sank less than  from safe harbour at Falmouth, Cornwall in England, minutes after the Captain was forced to abandon ship. The endeavour was reported around the world, and Carlsen received a ticker-tape parade in New York City on January 17, 1952.  A few months later Carlsen took command of the Flying Enterprise II, passing up lucrative offers from Hollywood.

It is now believed that the Flying Enterprise was hit not once but twice by a rogue wave thereby eventually sinking the freighter.

Carlsen became a seaman at age 14 and master of his first ship at 22, in the service of the Danish-American company American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines. He was an amateur radio operator with callsign W2ZXM.

Carlsen, and his ordeal aboard the Flying Enterprise, is the subject of the book Simple Courage: a True Story of Peril on the Sea by Frank Delaney.

Carlsen received the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Award, authorized by a special act of Congress. On January 10, 2012, the Captain Carlsen Park in Sewaren,(Woodbridge Township) NJ was rededicated to the heroic efforts of Captain Carlsen.  A monument was installed at the park which was donated by Shipco Transport Inc. a New Jersey transportation services company.  A contingent of Danish visitors were present along with the Captain Carlsen's daughters.

References

External links
Flying Enterprise

1914 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Danish sailors

Kurt Carlsen


Polmadie (; ) is a primarily industrial area of Glasgow in Scotland. Situated south of the River Clyde, Polmadie is close to residential neighbourhoods including Govanhill (to the west) and Toryglen (south-east), with Oatlands and another large industrial zone at Shawfield to the north on the opposite side of major railway lines and the M74 motorway, Junction 1A of which serves the area.

For over 50 years, the most prominent landmarks within Polmadie were the  twin chimneys of a now disused waste incinerator plant operated by Glasgow City Council. This was replaced by a 'Recycling and Renewable Energy Centre' on the same site operated by Viridor with a less conspicuous stack.

Also located in the area is Alstom's Polmadie Depot, a large railway maintenance facility for Avanti West Coast which is the most northerly train stabling and maintenance area on the West Coast Main Line (WCML), since the line runs through Polmadie on its final approach into Glasgow Central station.

The area was also home to BOC's industrial gases filling plant and main Scottish base, until this moved to a more modern facility in early 2007 in Cambuslang just outside Glasgow in anticipation of the completion of the M74 Southern link and associated redevelopment of the surrounding area.

History

Origin and meaning of the name

Polmadie is derived from the Scottish Gaelic Poll Mac Dè. Most place-names of the neighbourhoods of Glasgow were either coined by Gaelic-speakers or adapted to Gaelic from Cumbric. Polmadie is an early Gaelic name, containing the Gaelic "poll" (pool), but which usually means burn or stream in areas where Gaelic replaced Cumbric. From a late 12th century form, Polmacde, it is clear that the middle element is Gaelic mac (of (the) sons). The third element could be either the personal name Daigh, or the Gaelic Dè (of God), referring to an early religious establishment beside the burn. A remarkable feature of this place-name is how the original stress-pattern has survived, even centuries after its meaning ceased to be understood by those using it locally. It is still pronounced "pawmaDEE" (with a half stress on "paw" and full stress on "dee"), exactly as it would have been stressed in Gaelic.

Early modern period

During The Killing Time of politico-religious conflict, a group of soldiers commanded by a Major Balfour arrived at Polmadie Mill on 11 May 1685 and seized 2 weavers, Thomas Cooke and John Urie, and a labourer, Robert Thom, then shot them in a summary execution, and imprisoned the other men from the Mill. The three Polmadie Martyrs' bodies were buried in Cathcart Old Church graveyard where there is a memorial.

Shipbuilding

The Glasgow firm of Alley & MacLellan was a significant producer of smaller commercial vessels as well as the world's leading manufacturer of steam lorries (later Sentinel Waggon Works of Shrewsbury). Their , designed by Archibald Leitch, is Category A listed due to its significance as the first steel-reinforced concrete building in Scotland, but was unoccupied and dilapidated as of the 2020s.

The yard had been built a considerable distance to the south of the river, with the final approach into Glasgow Central Station imposing just one of many barriers between it and the Clyde. The company specialised in supporting the far reaches of the British Empire by constructing vessels that were dismantled into kit form once they had been completed. The resulting set of parts was frequently enormous and a logistical nightmare to transport; re-assembly also depended heavily upon the availability of skilled hands at the customer's premises. As in the case of the SS Chauncy Maples, this was frequently the only viable option when the ultimate destination was very far inland.

Sources on-line

References

External links

Areas of Glasgow
Industry in Scotland
Business parks of Scotland
Industrial parks in the United Kingdom
Govanhill and Crosshill

Polmadie


Synergy Teleconferencing System (STS) was a PC-based online chat server popular in the 1980s and 1990s. It arose as a replacement for the outdated Diversi-Dial system (DDial). Like DDial, it was a multi-line modem system that originally could handle eight simultaneous connections (later updated to handle twenty eight, and using custom-produced RS-232 serial boards had a theoretical connection limit of thirty-two on an IBM PC-AT - type computer (80286 processor).  While DDial was limited to 300 baud, STS was initially capable of 2400 baud speeds (later editions upped this to 14.4, 19.2, and 28.8).  Using internal software, one or more of these lines could be used to establish links to other STS stations, effectively making the number of simultaneous users dependent on how many STSes were involved.

The interface and design was similar to DDial in that users logged into the system with a three digit number that served as a username. Once logged in, users are allowed to change their name; the user number serves as a unique identifier. Each user was assigned a user level. 0 was for non-members.  Callers without a user number could log in for only a limited time (usually 10 minutes, but this could be decreased to 5 when call volume was high.) The numbered levels were for registered users, usually paying members. The upper levels, 50-99 were for various levels of moderators. The sysop could assign a moderator level to any user, effectively giving them power to do various tasks such as creating specialty channels, making links to other STS stations, moderating lower-level users, and kicking out people who were being a nuisance, (one early feature added was used to ban "nuisance" guests from returning after they were kicked, using the then-recently emerging technology of caller ID).

Features
Synergy Teleconferencing System also incorporated other interesting features that predated similar ones offered by larger ISPs (internet service providers); One of which (introduced early on) was the ability to inform a user that had call waiting on their phone line that they had an incoming call and allow them the opportunity to answer the call and then return to their online session.  This feature was built into the system long before other corporate service providers offered this feature.

Versions
STS was originally written in Pascal with assembly language "hooks" for driving the hardware. The earliest versions were functional on IBM PC-XT-type computers, while later versions required the more robust IBM PC-AT platform with the 80286 processor. Connection speed evolved over the life of the software; Version 2.0 of the software supported up to 28.8k directly. V1.5 and later also had a far superior network linking mode to that of Diversi-Dial that supported encrypted data communications and would use IRC as a "hub" to link multiple systems without tying up more than one phone line per station. The software was produced by the Florida company "Lightspeed Electronics LLC.", which began producing early hard disk drive systems for PCs in the early 1980s.  The primary ("flagship") station, STS-01, was called Fantasia, the successor to a D-Dial of the same name. The system was run by Falkor and the software and hardware was designed and produced by him as well as his CoSysOps Sloth, Creidiki, Troubadour and Trillian.

Current Operational Nodes

STS 07 Information Overload is back up and running currently 8 lines until we find a 486 without a riser card to support 16 lines if anyone would like to donate one they have that would be greatly appreciated!

Telnet address is 220.127.116.11 (will be adding a dyndns hostname soon and setting up a webpage with embedded telnet client) Currently down 9-19-22

STS 12 The Jungle is now operational with the 1995 user data intact.  Telnet to junglebbs.com  10-29-2022

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synergy_Teleconferencing_System&action=edit&section=3
Online chat

Synergy Teleconferencing System


Bara River (; ) is a river in Khyber Agency and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Bara River originates in the Tirah Valley of Bara Tehsil, Khyber Agency. It joins the Kabul River Canal which originates from the Warsak Dam, and re-enters Peshawar. Then it flows in the North-easterly direction to the Nowshera District, eventually joining the Kabul River near Camp Koruna, Akbarpura. Due to its higher elevation, very limited areas flow through gravity into Bara river.

See also
 Bara, Pakistan
 Bara tehsil

Rivers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Kabul River
Khyber District
Rivers of Pakistan

Bara River


Thomas Bavister (1850 – 2 January 1923) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born in Sheffield in Yorkshire to platelayer Joseph Bavister and Kesiah Langley, and moved to Bedfordshire at a young age. He received a primary education, but left school at fourteen to become an apprentice bricklayer. He returned to Sheffield in 1871 and became involved in the local bricklayers' union. On 3 September 1873 he married Harriet Green. In 1883 he migrated to Sydney, where he was soon involved in the United Operative Bricklayers' Society of New South Wales, serving as a delegate on the Trades and Labor Council from 1889 to 1890. In 1891 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Canterbury. By 1894, when he moved to the seat of Ashfield, he had become a Free Trader, having refused to sign the pledge enforcing a binding vote in 1893. Defeated in 1898, he was subsequently a delegate of the Sydney Labor Council from 1900 to 1908. Bavister died at Kogarah in 1923.

References

1850 births
1923 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Free Trade Party politicians
British emigrants to the Colony of New South Wales

Thomas Bavister


Hare Tonic is a 1945 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Looney Tunes series, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Tedd Pierce.  It stars Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd, making this the second cartoon directed by Jones to co-star the two (the first being Elmer's Pet Rabbit). Voice characterizations are by Mel Blanc and Arthur Q. Bryan.

Plot
Elmer Fudd has purchased Bugs Bunny at a local grocery store (with a sign visible in the window offering a special on "Fresh Hare") and is taking him home to make a meal. As he walks along, he sings the tune of "Shortnin' Bread", substituting "Wabbit Stew". Bugs emerges from Elmer's basket, munching on a carrot that was in there with him, and asks, "Eh, whatcha got in the basket, doc?" Elmer replies, "I got me a wabbit! I'm gonna cook me a wabbit stew!" Bugs states his "love" of rabbit stew (despite being a rabbit himself) and then begs to see Elmer's rabbit. When Elmer opens his basket and finds it empty (Bugs had quickly climbed out), Bugs pushes him into his own basket and then sings the tune Elmer had been singing — but then Elmer realizes he has been tricked, and so he re-reverses the switch.

Once at home, Bugs easily secures his escape by distracting Elmer, tricking him into thinking the phone has rung. However, just as he's about to leave, he decides that the setup's too easy and he just can't leave. He decides to stay and heckle his would-be devourer. Bugs fakes a radio broadcast that warns of the dread disease "rabbititis", which is contracted from rabbits "sold within the last three days" and which causes people to see spots and have "delusions assuming the characteristics of rabbits", which is followed by the onset of schizophrenia and depersonalization disorder. This frightens the gullible Elmer and he informs Bugs that he is free to leave. Bugs, however, decides he doesn't want to leave by saying "Oh, no, Doc. Wouldn't think of it. We're gonna brew a stew, remember?", only to make Elmer back away, forcing him to hide on top of his door: "Oh no! Pwease, Mr. Wabbit! Go away! Don't come any cwoser! D-Don't come near me! Nooooooooo!". Bugs, thinking he has B.O., sniffs his glove and tells the audience "Oh, goodness! Don't tell me I offend." just as Elmer pleads with Bugs to "Make twacks. Scuwwy away. SCWAM!" to which Bugs angrily replies as he leaves "Okay! I can take a hint! I know when I'm not wanted! Goodbye!". But when Bugs returns, Elmer reminds him that Bugs has to "scwam", but Bugs points to a new sign on the front door that states "Quarantined for Rabbititus  (RAbbititis). No one may leave premises."

Thus Bugs stays to torment Elmer, and many hijinks ensue, including Bugs posing as Elmer's shower faucets {"Gurgle, gurgle. Why don't ya' pay ya' water bill, Doc?"} and a doctor ("Dr. Killpatient", parodying Dr. Kildare), painting a room with red, yellow and blue spots to make Elmer think he sees spots before his eyes and pretending to be Elmer's reflection in the mirror (like the mirror scene in the Marx Brothers' film, Duck Soup) and his own rabbity image reflected at him in a mirror that's really just Bugs after the glass has been removed. And when Dr. Killpatient (Bugs) tests Elmer's reflexes, Elmer goes into a familiar Russian kick dance, and Bugs decides to join him in a busby hat and boots. Finally, Elmer sees Bugs' game and chases him out of the house with a shotgun. But Bugs quickly halts the chase and, in an unusually lengthy breaking of the fourth wall, even by Bugs' standards, he convinces Elmer that members of the audience are now afflicted with rabbititis by saying "Hey, wait a minute. Wait a minute. Look, the people out there in the audience - the lady there with the long ears. They're getting longer all the time. And the guy back there in the seventeenth row with the cute tomato - he's gettin' all fuzzy. Yeah, they've got it. Everybody out there's got rabbititis! Yaah!" which causes Elmer to flee back into his house in a terror of panic.

Bugs then addresses the audience and says the whole thing was "just a gag, of course" and that if the audience really had rabbititis, they would see swirling red and yellow spots, whereupon red and yellow spots are seen swirling on the screen, and the underscore starts to build dramatically. Immediately after Bugs says, "And then suddenly, everything'd go black!" the screen does suddenly go black, and the music stops abruptly and dramatically, followed by a second or two of dark silence. Bugs snickers and the cartoon ends.

Production notes
The title is a play on "hair tonic", a type of patent medicine, reinforced by Bugs' portrayal of a fake doctor at a few points in the picture. A bottle of "hare tonic" appeared as a prop in a 1946 cartoon, The Big Snooze.

This cartoon marks one of the few times Bugs addresses Elmer by name, albeit in the guise of "Dr. Killpatient", who addresses him as "Mr. Fudd". Despite their frequent cinematic encounters, many of their cartoons are played as if they had never met before.

Bugs impersonates Frankenstein's monster to chase Elmer.

This and Baseball Bugs feature a Bugs Bunny variant of the then-usual closing, where, instead of Porky Pig busting out of a drum, Bugs does, proclaiming "...And that's the end!" while chomping on a carrot. Both American and European Turner "dubbed" prints retain the original ending card, with the Turner "dubbed" notice appearing under the card.

Despite this being a Looney Tunes short, the Merrie Melodies rings are shown even when Bugs pulls down the Looney Tunes card. This also happens in Hare Conditioned. In Baseball Bugs and Buccaneer Bunny, the "Warner Bros. Pictures Inc." card has the Merrie Melodies rings, but the Looney Tunes title card has the Looney Tunes rings.

Sources

Home media
This cartoon is found on Volume 3 of the Looney Tunes Golden Collection, and on Volume 1 of the Looney Tunes Platinum Collection.

References

External links

1945 films
1945 short films
1945 animated films
1940s Warner Bros. animated short films
Looney Tunes shorts
Bugs Bunny films
Elmer Fudd films
Films about health care
Films about hoaxes
Short films directed by Chuck Jones
Films scored by Carl Stalling
1940s English-language films

Hare Tonic


The 1971 CFL Draft composed of nine rounds where 70 Canadian football players that were chosen exclusively from eligible Canadian universities. The Saskatchewan Roughriders, despite being Western Conference finalists, had the first overall selection through a trade with the last place Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

1st round

1. Saskatchewan Roughriders  Brian Donnelly  DB  Simon Fraser

2. Ottawa Rough Riders  Bob Eccles  LB  Carleton

3. British Columbia Lions                    Archie McCord  T  Simon Fraser

4. Edmonton Eskimos  Mel Smith  E  Alberta

5. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                     Peter Ribbins  DB Ottawa

6. Saskatchewan Roughriders                 Bill Manchuk  DB  Alberta

7. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                     Bob Kraemer  QB  Manitoba

8. Edmonton Eskimos                          Cam Innes  C  Queen's

9. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    John Gauthier  T  Ottawa

2nd round

10. Calgary Stampeders                       Joe Petrone  PK  Calgary

11. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Bob Foulsewych  FB Guelph

12. British Columbia Lions                   Michel Levelle  F  Ottawa

13. Edmonton Eskimos                         Pat Lett  T  Guelph

14. Toronto Argonauts  Bob Hamilton  E Waterloo Lutheran

15. Saskatchewan Roughriders  John Steele  LB  Simon Fraser

16. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Walter Sehr  HB Toronto

17. Calgary Stampeders                       Dan Dulmage  T McGill

18. Calgary Stampeders  Greg Gibson  DB  Calgary

3rd round

19. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Clay McEvoy  TB  Simon Fraser

20. Ottawa Rough Riders                       Bob Padfield  T  Waterloo

21. British Columbia Lions                   Henry Lodewyks  F  Manitoba

22. Edmonton Eskimos                         Gene Wolkowski  E  Guelph

23. Toronto Argonauts                        Ron Faulkner  T  Queen's

24. Saskatchewan Roughriders                 Jim Lazaruk  C  Alberta

25. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Paul Zarek  Safety  McMaster

26. Calgary Stampeders  James Bond  DT  Simon Fraser

27. Calgary Stampeders                       Dwayne Dudgeon  E  Loyola

4th round

28. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Walt McKee  PK  Manitoba

29. Ottawa Rough Riders                      Art Lord  DB  Saskatchewan

30. British Columbia Lions  John Chapman  E  Toronto

31. Edmonton Eskimos  Dick Flynn  G  New Brunswick

32. Toronto Argonauts  Bill Morrison  DE  Guelph

33. Saskatchewan Roughriders  Bob Clarke  DE  Alberta

34. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Chuck Wakefield  E  Waterloo

35. Calgary Stampeders                       Ross Cote  G  Calgary

36. Montreal Alouettes                   Tony Proudfoot  LB  New Brunswick

5th round

37. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Steve Howell  E  Windsor

38. Ottawa Rough Riders                       Steve Derbyshire  T  Western Ontario

39. British Columbia Lions                   Mike Begg  WR  Simon Fraser

40. Edmonton Eskimos                         Don Tallas  DB  Alberta

41. Toronto Argonauts                        Allan Dresser  G  Windsor

42. Saskatchewan Roughriders                 Fred Pazarena  LB  Simon Fraser

43. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Jim Dimitroff  FB  Saint Mary's

44. Calgary Stampeders                       Bryden Murray  C  Bishop's

45. Montreal Alouettes  Jack Galbraith  T  Manitoba

6th round

46. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Paul Paddon  DB  Ottawa

47. Ottawa Rough Riders  Steve Hoffman  DE  Windsor

48. British Columbia Lions                   Ron Fowler  TB  British Columbia

49. Edmonton Eskimos  Bob Rowe  LB  Calgary

50. Toronto Argonauts  Bill Hartley  G  St. Francis Xavier

51. Winnipeg Blue Bombers  Roy Parker  F  Manitoba

52. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Rodger Hunter  DB  Guelph

53. Calgary Stampeders                       Bruce Macrae  HB  Western Ontario

54. Montreal Alouettes  Bob Keating  T  Manitoba

7th round

55. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Ben Labovich  E  Carleton

56. Ottawa Rough Riders  George Hill  LB  Western Ontario

57. British Columbia Lions                   John Farlinger  DB  Calgary

58. Edmonton Eskimos                         Jack Buchan  E  Toronto

59. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Art Rochette  QB  Queen's

60. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                      Mike Chevers  E  Waterloo

61. Calgary Stampeders                       Don Hickey  E  Alberta

62. Montreal Alouettes                       Jack Schneider  LB  Bishop's

8th round

63. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Ian Jukes  G  British Columbia

64. Ottawa Rough Riders                       Marshall Caplan  LB  McMaster

65. British Columbia Lions                   Bryan Ansley  DT  Simon Fraser

66. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Wayne Fox  F  Waterloo

67. Montreal Alouettes                       Peter Merrill  QB  New Brunswick

9th round

68. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                    Dennis Hrychiko  HB  Manitoba

69. British Columbia Lions                   Gerald Fraser  G  Manitoba

70. Montreal Alouettes                       Art Strothart  DB  New Brunswick

References
Canadian Draft

Canadian College Draft
Cfl Draft, 1971

1971 CFL Draft


The red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis) is a forest-dwelling marsupial living in the eastern coastal region of Australia between extreme south-east Queensland and central eastern New South Wales.

Description

A small species of macropod, it has a head and body length of 29–62 cm, a tail length of 27–51 cm and mean weight of 3.8 kg for females and 7.0 kg for males.  Mainly crepuscular, the red-necked pademelon is very shy and generally inhabits temperate forests near grassland, hiding in the forests by day and emerging into the grasslands to graze in the dusk.

The red-necked pademelon is brown-grey with a cream underbelly and a red-tinted neck and shoulders. It breeds in the autumn and spring in northern Australia, and in the summer in southern Australia.  Predators include the dingo and the red fox, however habitat destruction, particularly through land clearance, is currently the largest threat to the species. The red-necked pademelon is not currently listed as an endangered species.

This species is closely related to the red-legged pademelon.

References

External links

Macropods
Marsupials of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Mammals of New South Wales
Mammals of Queensland
Mammals described in 1828
Taxa named by René Lesson

Red-necked pademelon


Uk (Ѹ ѹ; italics: Ѹ ѹ or Оу оу) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, although commonly considered and used as a single letter. It is an accent nasal vowel from Slavonic language. To save space, it was often written as a vertical ligature (Ꙋ ꙋ), called "monograph Uk".  In modern times, Ѹ is extremely rare nowadays and is still used in Church Slavonic.

Cyrillic letters

Uk (Cyrillic)


Mellie Dunham (July 29, 1853 - September 27, 1931) was an American fiddler during the early twentieth century. Dunham was born in Norway, Maine, the son of Alanson Mellen Dunham and Christiana Bent. He came to prominence after he was invited to play for Henry Ford at his house in Dearborn, Michigan. Ford sent a Pullman car for Dunham and his wife, Emma "Gram" Dunham (née Richardson), because of Ford's love of country music. While Ford had invited 38 other fiddlers before Dunham, none received as much attention as Dunham did.

He was also a snowshoe maker, supplying 60 pairs of snowshoes to Commodore Robert Peary for an Arctic expedition.

Dunham died on September 27, 1931, in Lewiston, Maine, after a two-week illness, and was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery, South Paris, Maine.

References

External links

Musicians from Maine
1853 births
1931 deaths
American fiddlers
People from Norway, Maine
People from Lewiston, Maine

Burials at Pine Grove Cemetery (Brunswick, Maine)

Mellie Dunham


Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (; ; 27 February 1881 – 2 December 1966), usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis. Regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century, he is known as the founder of modern topology, particularly for establishing his fixed-point theorem and the topological invariance of dimension.

Brouwer also became a major figure in the philosophy of intuitionism, a constructivist school of mathematics which argues that math is a cognitive construct rather than a type of objective truth. This position led to the Brouwer–Hilbert controversy, in which Brouwer sparred with his formalist colleague David Hilbert. Brouwer's ideas were subsequently taken up by his student Arend Heyting and Hilbert's former student Hermann Weyl. In addition to his mathematical work, Brouwer also published the short philosophical tract Life, Art, and Mysticism (1905).

Biography
Brouwer was born to Dutch Protestant parents. Early in his career, Brouwer proved a number of theorems in the emerging field of topology. The most important were his fixed point theorem, the topological invariance of degree, and the topological invariance of dimension. Among mathematicians generally, the best known is the first one, usually referred to now as the Brouwer fixed point theorem. It is a corollary to the second, concerning the topological invariance of degree, which is the best known among algebraic topologists. The third theorem is perhaps the hardest.

Brouwer also proved the simplicial approximation theorem in the foundations of algebraic topology, which justifies the reduction to combinatorial terms, after sufficient subdivision of simplicial complexes, of the treatment of general continuous mappings. In 1912, at age 31, he was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1908 at Rome and in 1912 at Cambridge, UK. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1943.

Brouwer founded intuitionism, a philosophy of mathematics that challenged the then-prevailing formalism of David Hilbert and his collaborators, who included Paul Bernays, Wilhelm Ackermann, and John von Neumann (cf. Kleene (1952), p. 46–59). A variety of constructive mathematics, intuitionism is a philosophy of the foundations of mathematics. It is sometimes and rather simplistically characterized by saying that its adherents refuse to use the law of excluded middle in mathematical reasoning.

Brouwer was a member of the Significs Group. It formed part of the early history of semiotics—the study of symbols—around Victoria, Lady Welby in particular. The original meaning of his intuitionism probably cannot be completely disentangled from the intellectual milieu of that group.

In 1905, at the age of 24, Brouwer expressed his philosophy of life in a short tract Life, Art and Mysticism, which has been described by the mathematician Martin Davis as "drenched in romantic pessimism" (Davis (2002), p. 94). Arthur Schopenhauer had a formative influence on Brouwer, not least because he insisted that all concepts be fundamentally based on sense intuitions. Brouwer then "embarked on a self-righteous campaign to reconstruct mathematical practice from the ground up so as to satisfy his philosophical convictions"; indeed his thesis advisor refused to accept his Chapter II "as it stands, ... all interwoven with some kind of pessimism and mystical attitude to life which is not mathematics, nor has anything to do with the foundations of mathematics" (Davis, p. 94 quoting van Stigt, p. 41). Nevertheless, in 1908:
 "... Brouwer, in a paper entitled 'The untrustworthiness of the principles of logic', challenged the belief that the rules of the classical logic, which have come down to us essentially from Aristotle (384--322 B.C.) have an absolute validity, independent of the subject matter to which they are applied" (Kleene (1952), p. 46).

"After completing his dissertation, Brouwer made a conscious decision to temporarily keep his contentious ideas under wraps and to concentrate on demonstrating his mathematical prowess" (Davis (2000), p. 95); by 1910 he had published a number of important papers, in particular the Fixed Point Theorem. Hilbert—the formalist with whom the intuitionist Brouwer would ultimately spend years in conflict—admired the young man and helped him receive a regular academic appointment (1912) at the University of Amsterdam (Davis, p. 96). It was then that "Brouwer felt free to return to his revolutionary project which he was now calling intuitionism " (ibid).

He was combative as a young man. According to Mark van Atten, this pugnacity reflected his combination of independence, brilliant, high moral standards and extreme sensitivity to issues of justice. He was involved in a very public and eventually demeaning controversy in the later 1920s with Hilbert over editorial policy at Mathematische Annalen, at that time a leading learned journal. According to Abraham Fraenkel,  Brouwer espoused Germanic Aryanness and Hilbert removed him from the editorial board of  Mathematische Annalen after Brouwer objected to contributions from Ostjuden. Brouwer was accused of being a Nazi collaborator, for which there is no evidence.  He retained his Jewish assistant  Hans Freudenthal  in the 30s,  refused the request of a Nazi to remove Jewish mathematicians from the board of his journal Compositio Mathematica, and hid Jews in his home during the war.  Likewise he took on Daniel Kan, who had survived Bergen-Belsen,  as his assistant in 1948.

In later years, he became relatively isolated; the development of intuitionism at its source was taken up by his student Arend Heyting. Dutch mathematician and historian of mathematics Bartel Leendert van der Waerden attended lectures given by Brouwer in later years, and commented: "Even though his most important research contributions were in topology, Brouwer never gave courses in topology, but always on—and only on—the foundations of his intuitionism. It seemed that he was no longer convinced of his results in topology because they were not correct from the point of view of intuitionism, and he judged everything he had done before, his greatest output, false according to his philosophy."

About his last years, Davis (2002) remarks:
 "...he felt more and more isolated, and spent his last years under the spell of 'totally unfounded financial worries and a paranoid fear of bankruptcy, persecution and illness.' He was killed in 1966 at the age of 85, struck by a vehicle while crossing the street in front of his house." (Davis, p. 100 quoting van Stigt. p. 110.)

Bibliography

In English translation

 Jean van Heijenoort, 1967 3rd printing 1976 with corrections, A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA,  pbk. The original papers are prefaced with valuable commentary.
 1923. L. E. J. Brouwer: "On the significance of the principle of excluded middle in mathematics, especially in function theory." With two Addenda and corrigenda, 334-45. Brouwer gives brief synopsis of his belief that the law of excluded middle cannot be "applied without reservation even in the mathematics of infinite systems" and gives two examples of failures to illustrate his assertion.
 1925. A. N. Kolmogorov: "On the principle of excluded middle", pp. 414–437. Kolmogorov supports most of Brouwer's results but disputes a few; he discusses the ramifications of intuitionism with respect to "transfinite judgements", e.g. transfinite induction.
 1927. L. E. J. Brouwer: "On the domains of definition of functions". Brouwer's intuitionistic treatment of the continuum, with an extended commentary.
 1927. David Hilbert: "The foundations of mathematics,"  464-80
 1927. L. E. J. Brouwer: "Intuitionistic reflections on formalism," 490-92. Brouwer lists four topics on which intuitionism and formalism might "enter into a dialogue." Three of the topics involve the law of excluded middle.
 1927. Hermann Weyl: "Comments on Hilbert's second lecture on the foundations of mathematics," 480-484. In 1920 Weyl, Hilbert's prize pupil, sided with Brouwer against Hilbert. But in this address Weyl "while defending Brouwer against some of Hilbert's criticisms...attempts to bring out the significance of Hilbert's approach to the problems of the foundations of mathematics."
 Ewald, William B., ed., 1996. From Kant to Hilbert: A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics, 2 vols. Oxford Univ. Press.
 1928. "Mathematics, science, and language," 1170-85.
 1928. "The structure of the continuum," 1186-96.
 1952. "Historical background, principles, and methods of intuitionism," 1197-1207.
 Brouwer, L. E. J., Collected Works, Vol. I, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1975.
 Brouwer, L. E. J., Collected Works, Vol. II, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976.
 Brouwer, L. E. J., "Life, Art, and Mysticism," Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, vol. 37 (1996), pp. 389–429. Translated by W. P. van Stigt with an introduction by the translator, pp. 381–87. Davis quotes from this work, "a short book... drenched in romantic pessimism" (p. 94).
 W. P. van Stigt, 1990, Brouwer's Intuitionism, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990

See also
 Gerrit Mannoury
 George F. C. Griss
 Bar induction
 Constructivist epistemology

References

Further reading
 Dirk van Dalen, Mystic, Geometer, and Intuitionist: The Life of L. E. J. Brouwer. Oxford Univ. Press.
 1999. Volume 1: The Dawning Revolution.
 2005. Volume 2: Hope and Disillusion.
 2013. L. E. J. Brouwer: Topologist, Intuitionist, Philosopher. How Mathematics is Rooted in Life. London: Springer (based on previous work).
 Martin Davis, 2000. The Engines of Logic, W. W. Norton, London,  pbk. Cf. Chapter Five: "Hilbert to the Rescue" wherein Davis discusses Brouwer and his relationship with Hilbert and Weyl with brief biographical information of Brouwer. Davis's references include:
 Stephen Kleene, 1952 with corrections 1971, 10th reprint 1991, Introduction to Metamathematics, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam Netherlands, . Cf. in particular Chapter III: A Critique of Mathematical Reasoning, §13 "Intuitionism" and §14 "Formalism".
 Koetsier, Teun, Editor, Mathematics and the Divine: A Historical Study, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science and Technology, 2004, .
 Pambuccian, Victor, 2022, Brouwer's Intuitionism: Mathematics in the Being Mode of Existence,   Published in: Sriraman, B. (ed) Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Mathematical Practice. Springer, Cham.

External links

Life, Art and Mysticism written by L.E.J. Brouwer
Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer entry in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

1881 births
1966 deaths
20th-century Dutch mathematicians
20th-century Dutch non-fiction writers
20th-century Dutch philosophers
20th-century essayists
Dutch mathematicians
Dutch essayists
Dutch logicians
Dutch male writers
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Intuitionism
Mathematical analysts
Mathematical logicians
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Scientists from Rotterdam
Philosophers of logic
Philosophers of mathematics
Road incident deaths in the Netherlands
Set theorists
Topologists
University of Amsterdam alumni
Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
Members of the American Philosophical Society

L. E. J. Brouwer


Will Rogers Middle and High School, located at 3909 E. 5th Place in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was built by Tulsa Public Schools in 1939 using WPA workers and designed by Joseph R. Koberling, Jr. and Leon B. Senter. It was named for the humorist Will Rogers, who died in 1935, along with Wiley Post in a plane crash. Significant additions were made to the original structure in 1949 and 1964. The alterations were in keeping with the original design and did not detract from the school's architectural or historical significance. It has been called "... one of the  best examples of Art Deco high school architecture...in the United States.

The school had approximately 1,000 students as of 2008, and more than 39,000 alumni.

History

The growth of the oil industry in Tulsa spurred a major population explosion that created a huge demand for homes and schools through the 1910s and 1920s. By 1920, Tulsa had built three senior high schools: Central in the downtown area, Booker T. Washington in North Tulsa and Clinton in West Tulsa. The Board of Education had already realized the urgent need for two more such schools, one on the west side of Tulsa and the other on the east side.

The school board received a grant from the federal Public Works Administration for both the westside and eastside schools on October 22, 1936. This was the seed money that allowed the preparation of bids, which were opened in July, 1937.

The school occupies a  site within a residential area. In September, 1936, the Tulsa School District bought the tract in the southwestern quarter of Section 4, Township 19N, Range 13E from Mr. and Mrs. Fred Turner. It is bounded by East 4th Place South Street on the north, South Pittsburg Avenue on the east, East 5th Place South on the south, and Turner Park on the west. As originally constructed, the structure contained 200,000 sq. ft. of space. A 1949 addition to the east wing contained 21,016 square feet of space. An addition to the west wing in 1964 added four levels of classroom space.

In the 2008/09 school year, Rogers English teacher Brian Grimm was honored with the district's title of "teacher of the Year". Tulsa Public Schools has 83 schools and 3,300 teachers and staff.

The school's colors are royal blue and gold, the mascot is a Roper (i.e. a cowboy who specializes in using a rope to manage cattle) and the students are known as the Ropers. The school's symbol is based upon the dogiron (branding iron) used by the Rogers family.

On September 6, 2007, the Will Rogers High School building was added to the National Register of Historic Places with national significance.  It is an example of Art Deco. The National Park Service has stated that it is one of the best examples of Art Deco high school architecture in the United States.

Building description
The 1939 building was constructed with a basement and three stories.

Change to dual enrollment school
In 2011, Tulsa Public Schools converted Will Rogers High School to a dual enrollment school for students offering those who complete the program at Rogers up to 66 college units, the equivalent of an associate degree. It has been since renamed "Will Rogers College Junior High and High School."  The student body consists of grades 6 through 12, eliminating the traditional middle school. The first graduating class after this change was in 2014.

Tulsa Will Rogers High School Foundation
The school has a group of alumni who run the Tulsa Will Rogers High School Foundation, which provides grants and scholarships to Rogers faculty and students. The foundation was established in the 1990s and continues to this day.

Notable alumni
John Ashley (1934–1997), actor, producer and singer
Charles Bell (painter) (1935–1995), noted artist
Elvin Bishop, musician. Blues-rock guitarist best known for his hit "Fooled Around and Fell in Love."
Anita Bryant, singer. A former Miss Oklahoma, she was famous as a television spokesperson for Florida orange juice. She spearheaded opposition to a gay rights ordinance in Florida in 1977.
Phillip N. Butler (1938), a U.S. Navy Commander, naval aviator and the eighth-longest-held U.S. prisoner of war (POW) held in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
Don Chandler (1934–2011), American professional football player.
Paul Brooks Davis (1938), noted artist and graphic designer.
David Gates, singer. Singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the group Bread.
Archie Goodwin (1937–1998), legendary comic book writer and editor, notably for DC, Warren and Marvel.
S. E. Hinton, novelist. Wrote The Outsiders in her junior year at Rogers.
Dave Hudgens played for the University of Oklahoma and was a 1978 third round draft pick of the Dallas Cowboys.
Lee Mayberry NBA player, 1992 first round draft pick
Russell Myers, cartoonist. Created the comic strip Broom Hilda
Dave Rader, WRHS class of 1971, NCAA college football coach. Was the coach of the University of Tulsa Golden Hurricane from 1988 until the year 1999. He served as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the University of Alabama Crimson Tide from 2003 to 2006.
Leon Russell, musician. Occasionally referred to as "The Master of Space and Time", a title he acquired around the time of his collaborations with Joe Cocker.
Alvin Setzepfandt, veterinarian and Minnesota state legislator
Gailard Sartain, actor and illustrator. Played Dr. Mazeppa Pompazoidi on "Dr. Mazeppa Pompazoidi's Uncanny Film Festival and Camp Meeting" and later became a regular on Hee Haw. Gailard was also featured in many Hollywood movies.
Bob Smith, former NFL player
Roy Staiger, former Major League Baseball third baseman with the New York Mets and New York Yankees
Robert Taylor, born 1951, native Tulsan, 1969 graduate of WRHS, became a self-taught Native American artist
Bill Van Burkleo, former CFL player
John Ward, former NFL player, played at Oklahoma State University and was a 1970 first Round Draft Pick of the Minnesota Vikings
Darryl Wren, former NFL player

Notes

References

External links

 Will Rogers High School.com
 Will Rogers Alumni class of 1967
 Famous Will Rogers High School Alumni

Public high schools in Oklahoma
Educational institutions established in 1939
Art Deco architecture in Oklahoma
1939 establishments in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa Public Schools schools

Will Rogers High School


The Battle of Mołotków (Polish: Bitwa pod Mołotkowem) took place on October 29, 1914, near the village of Mołotków (Molotkiv), Austrian Galicia (current Ukraine). 2nd and 3rd Infantry Regiments of Polish Legions clashed with units of the Russian Imperial Army, which had invaded Galicia (see Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia, 1914–15). Polish forces were part of Tactical Group of General Karol Durski-Trzaska.

On October 29, the Group of Durski-Trzaska attacked Russian positions in the outskirts of Mołotków. Polish 4th Battalion commanded by Bolesław Roja managed to reach the center of the village, but was then stopped and forced to retreat. Meanwhile, the bulk of both 2nd and 3rd Regiments, with some 6000 soldiers, fiercely resisted 12 battalions of Russian infantry (15 000) soldiers, supported by 24 machine guns and 16 cannons. The Russians broke through Polish positions, forcing both regiments to retreat, in order to avoid encirclement.

Polish losses amounted to 200 dead, 300 wounded and 400 captured by the enemy. The Russians lost 100 dead.

The Battle of Mołotków was commemorated in the interwar period on Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw, with inscription "MOŁOTKÓW 29 X 1914". The inscription was removed by Communist authorities, and returned after 1990.

Sources
 Mieczysław Wrzosek, Polski czyn zbrojny podczas pierwszej wojny światowej 1914-1918, Państwowe Wydawnictwo "Wiedza Powszechna", Warszawa 1990

External links

 Battle of Mołotków on polskieradio.pl

Mołotkow
Mołotkow
Mołotkow
Conflicts in 1914
1914 in Austria-Hungary
1914 in Ukraine
1914 in Poland
1914 in the Russian Empire

Battle of Mołotków


The Monrovia clashes in 1998 were the result of Liberian President Charles Taylor's attempts to violently eliminate one of his last domestic political opponents, Roosevelt Johnson, a former warlord of Krahn ethnicity. At the time, Johnson still lived with a small loyal militia in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia. After some minor armed altercations, almost all of Johnson's followers were finally killed by Taylor's security forces during a major firefight in September 1998, though Johnson himself managed to flee into the United States embassy. After one last attempt by Taylor's paramilitaries to kill him there, causing a major diplomatic incident, Johnson was evacuated to Ghana. Although the clashes were effectively a political victory for Taylor as he had removed Johnson from Liberia, the mass killings of ethnic Krahn after the clashes contributed to the outbreak of the Second Liberian Civil War which saw the president being toppled.

Background

After being elected in 1997, President Charles Taylor had fortified his power over Liberia, mostly by purging the security forces of opponents, killing opposition figures, and raising new paramilitary units that were loyal only to him or his most trusted officers. Nevertheless, he still faced a few remaining opponents in the country, mostly former warlords of the First Liberian Civil War who had kept part of their forces to protect themselves from Taylor. His most important domestic rival by early 1998 was Roosevelt Johnson, a Krahn leader and former commander of the ULIMO. Although Taylor had appointed him rural development minister, Johnson remained a threat because he still had hundreds of armed followers who remained in Monrovia. Protected by Nigerian ECOMOG peacekeepers, Johnson, his men and their families (mostly ethnic Krahn) lived in a fortified one-block-long apartment compound in the capital's downtown which was nicknamed "Camp Johnson Road".

History

Clashes

The first clashes between Taylor's and Johnson's followers took place in February 1998 after Johnson had travelled to Nigeria and met with President Sani Abacha. Taylor, who was generally extremely hostile toward Nigeria and resented its influence over West Africa, believed that Johnson's trip indicated that his rival and the Nigerian government plotted to overthrow him. Thus, when Johnson returned later that month, Benjamin Yeaten's feared Special Security Service (SSS) arrived at Roberts International Airport to apprehend him. The former warlord's guards fought back, however, and eventually Johnson had to be transported back to Monrovia protected by heavily armed Nigerian peacekeepers. The SSS again attacked Johnson's followers in March, as he travelled to the United States for medical treatment. Taylor once again believed that his rival's trip was in reality an attempt to plot against his government. The United States' government, however, had little interest in getting involved in the disputes between the two Liberian politicians as it mistrusted both. On 6 June, six members of Johnson's faction were apprehended by security forces at Roberts International Airport and "disappeared".

Eventually, however, the Nigerian peacekeepers were withdrawn from Liberia, leaving Johnson without his international protection. On 18 September 1998 Taylor's followers finally made their move to completely purge the capital of Johnson and his loyalists, though officially they were only supposed to "disarm" them. More than one hundred Special Operation Division and Executive Mansion Special Security Unit paramilitaries attacked Camp Johnson Road from two sides. The two units, commanded by Yeaten and Charles Taylor's son Chucky respectively, were aiming at completely destroying any opposition and fired at the compound with automatic weapons and RPGs, taking no heed of the civilians that lived at Camp Johnson Road. Though the defenders fought back, they "were no match for Taylor's well-trained and fiercely loyal" forces. Johnson's men called the U.S. embassy, pleading them to send aid in form of the remaining peacekeepers in the city, but these requests were ignored. Fighting lasted throughout the night, and by early 19 September the compound was cleared of Johnson's followers; nearly all of the defenders, about three hundred, were dead along with dozens of civilians.

Roosevelt Johnson, however, had managed to slip through the attackers' lines during the chaos of the battle. With a few surviving followers he made his way to the U.S. embassy in hopes to gain protection there. When the small group arrived at the embassy's gates, their pursuers had caught up with them and a firefight ensued. Initially, the U.S. guards present refused to allow Johnson's men inside, but as it became clear that they were about to be killed, the U.S. security officers allowed them at least to seek shelter behind a wall that protected the embassy's entry. At first, Taylor's men hesitated to attack the embassy, but eventually Taylor's police chief ordered the paramilitaries to "go get them". Taylor's followers opened fire, killing four of Johnson's followers while the rest managed to escape onto the embassy compound. The Liberian government fighters then tried to storm the embassy's main gate security screening area, indiscriminately firing their weapons in an attempt to kill the fleeing Johnson. Two Americans were wounded in the firefight, one Department of State official and one contractor, causing the U.S. guards to respond by returning fire, killing two of the attackers. This prompted one of Taylor's fighters to fire a RPG at the embassy, but it missed and fell into the ocean. As it became clear to the Liberian security forces that they could not force Johnson out of the embassy, the assault ceased.

Riots and massacres
After the defeat of Johnson's armed faction, the Liberian security forces went on a killing spree, murdering at least hundreds, possibly even more than one thousand Krahn civilians in Monrovia. According to purported eyewitnesses, government soldiers committed massacres at the St. Thomas Church near Camp Johnson Road and the refugees centres at the Old Public Works Ministry Building as well as the Old Internal Affairs Ministry Building, where they "shot, and bayoneted hundreds of people". The Matadi Housing Estate, mostly occupied by Krahn, was looted, with the women being raped and the men abducted and later shot. Eleven Kran military officers were also reportedly executed. Sometimes the government militias killed their victims on broad daylight in view of the U.S. embassy.

Aftermath

The United States subsequently evacuated half of the embassy's staff, and deployed a small group of Navy SEALs as additional protection force. The U.S. government refused to turn Johnson over to Taylor, knowing that he would not receive a fair trial. A standoff ensued that lasted about one week until Johnson and his surviving loyalists were evacuated by the United States to Ghana. The U.S. government then demanded an apology from the Liberian government for the attack on the embassy and also sought a United Nations investigation. Taylor reluctantly apologized for the incident in November 1998.

The mass killings after the clashes drove hundreds of Krahn to flee the country; some of these exiles, namely ex-ULIMO fighters, eventually began an insurgency against Taylor that would escalate into the Second Liberian Civil War.

The clashes in Monrovia also marked the first military action of Chucky Taylor's unit, then known as the Executive Mansion Special Security Unit. Later transformed into the Anti-Terrorist Unit, it would become one of the most brutal and feared government militias during the second civil war.

References

Bibliography

20th-century conflicts
History of Liberia
Military history of Liberia
Wars involving Liberia
1998 in Liberia
Monrovia

1998 Monrovia clashes


The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a species of butterfly. It belongs in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America.

Ecology

Colour pattern
The wings are orange. They have black veins and black wing edges. There is a black band across the hind wing (bottom wing). This band can sometimes be faint or missing if the butterfly lives in the southwestern United States. In Florida, the Viceroy is dark reddish brown instead of orange. The wingspan ranges from 6.6 to 7.6 cm (2.6 to 3 in).

Its significance
The orange Viceroys mimic the Monarch (Danaus plexippus). The reddish brown Viceroys mimic the Queen (Danaus gilippus) and the Soldier (Danaus eresimus).

The caterpillar feeds on trees in the willow family Salicaceae, including willows (Salix), and poplars and cottonwoods (Populus). The caterpillars store the salicylic acid in their bodies, which makes them bitter, and upsets predators' stomachs. As further protection, the caterpillars, as well as their chrysalis stage, resemble bird droppings.

The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly with a range from the Northwest Territories along the eastern edges of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada mountains, southwards into central Mexico.

Its wings have an orange and black pattern, and over most of its range it is a Müllerian mimic with the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). What this means is that they are both bitter tasting, and they both use the same pattern of colours where they live in the same territory. Müllerian mimicry is a shared warning advertisement, in this case of foul taste.

Flight period
Adults fly in the late morning and early afternoon.

The Viceroy can be found from June to July in northern Canada. It can be found from May to October in southern Canada and the northern United States. It is found all year in southern Florida. In the southwestern United States, it is seen from April to November.

Habitat
This butterfly is found in a wide range of wet, open places such as water edges, wet meadows, and freshwater marshes.

Life cycle

The female lays her eggs singly. They are laid at the tip of the host plant leaf (the host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on). The egg is pale green or pale yellow. It turns gray later. The caterpillar feeds at night. It mimics a bird dropping. It is white, brown, black, and olive green. There are two greenish bumps on the thorax. There are also two spines near the head. The chrysalis also mimics a bird dropping. It is white, brown, and black. There is a large brownish bump on the abdomen. The caterpillar hibernates in a leaf shelter. It lays one set of eggs in northern Canada, and 2-3 more groups in southern Canada and the United States.

References

Other websites

USDA PLANTS Database

Nymphalidae

Viceroy (butterfly)


Haversian canals (sometimes canals of Havers or central canals) are a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone. They allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes.

Structure
Each Haversian canal generally contains one or two capillaries and many nerve fibres. The channels are formed by concentric layers called lamellae, which are approximately 50 µm in diameter. The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bones and communicate with osteocytes (contained in spaces within the dense bone matrix called lacunae) through connections called canaliculi. This unique arrangement is conducive to mineral salt deposits and storage which gives bone tissue its strength. Active transport is used to move most substances between the blood vessels and the osteocytes.

Haversian canals are contained within osteons, which are typically arranged along the long axis of the bone in parallel to the surface. The canals and the surrounding lamellae (8-15) form the functional unit, called a Haversian system, or osteon.

Clinical significance

Fracture
Blood vessels in the Haversian canals are likely to be damaged by bone fracture. This can cause haematoma.

Rheumatoid arthritis
Haversian canals may be wider in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They are also more likely to contain osteoclasts that break down bone structure. These differences are studied with light microscopy.

History
Haversian canals were first described (and probably discovered) by British physician Clopton Havers, after whom they are named. He described them in his 1691 work Osteologica Nova.

In different animals
Human bones are densely vascularized as in many other mammals. Even though some authors tried to identify a correlation between endothermy and secondary Haversian reconstruction, this feature is absent in many living mammals (e.g. monotremes, Talpa, flying foxes, Herpestes, Dasypus) and birds (Aratinga, Morococcyx, Nyctidromus, Momotus, Chloroceryle) while others possess only scattered Haversian systems (e.g. artiodactyls, Didelphis, Anas, Gallus, turkey, helmeted guineafowl). Scattered Haversian canals are also found in ectotherms like cryptodire turtles. Among extinct groups, dense Haversian vascularization is only present in stem-birds (dinosaurs) and stem-mammals (therapsids) while scattered Haversian systems can be found in ichthyosaurs, phytosaurs, basal stem-mammals (e.g. Ophiacodon), Limnoscelis, and temnospondyls. When endosteal Haversian systems are considered, the phylogenetic distribution becomes even broader.

Notes

References

External links
 http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/
  Video of haversian canal system within cortical bone.

Additional images

Skeletal system

Haversian canal


Region 11 was an administrative district in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2000 to 2006.  On a map, Region 11 appeared to hang down from the borders of the two Soweto regions and Johannesburg South. It was about 40 km south of the Inner City. It was the most isolated, least integrated region of Johannesburg, with its east, west and southern borders also forming Johannesburg's boundaries in the area. It was diagonally traversed by the N1 and the Golden Highway (both from north-east to south-west), with the N12 running along its northern border. The region was abolished with a reorganisation of regions in 2006.

References

Former regions of Johannesburg

Former Region 11 (Johannesburg)


Companhia Hering (Cia Hering) is a Brazilian textile and retail clothing company, being the leading  clothing textile company  in Latin America. The company has 805 stores. The company is one of the oldest Brazilian companies still in activity, founded by German brothers Bruno and Hermann Hering, in 1880. It was founded in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, and its headquarters and major factories are still in this city. Hering is the major employer in the city (excluding public service jobs).

Hering exports its products worldwide. Currently, the company operates stores in Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela.

Brands

Cia. Hering brands are:

Hering  with 617 stores is the company's clothing brand best-known in Brazil. Its style is casual day and daytime.
Hering Kids with 109 stores has the same characteristics as Hering, but is for children.
PUC with 56 stores is also for children, but the clothes are more colorful and sophisticated. It has been already for more than 30 years in the market.
Dzarm with 3 stores is a brand specialized in clothes and accessories for streetwear. The jeans and mesh are the main items of the brand. In 2007 it launched the fragrance Dzarm. Dzarm is part of the casting of the brand's São Paulo Fashion Week, the largest and most important fashion week in Latin America and one of the world's most important.

Stores
Cia Hering opened its first Hering Store in 1993. Today there are 827 stores in operation in Brazil and the world, most installed in shopping malls, being 606 Hering Stores, 76 Hering Kids, 82 PUC stores and 1 Hering for you.

See also

List of Brazilian companies

References

External links
Cia. Hering home page
Hering's home page
Cia. Hering Kids home page
PUC page (children's clothing)
Dzarm home page

Department stores of Brazil
Clothing companies of Brazil
Companies based in Santa Catarina (state)
Companies listed on B3 (stock exchange)
Brazilian brands
Blumenau
Companies established in 1880

Cia. Hering


"Kelvin Kent" was a pseudonym shared by writers Henry Kuttner and Arthur K. Barnes. The byline appeared on a series of 12 science fiction stories published in Thrilling Wonder Stories from 1939 to 1944, featuring protagonist "Pete Manx". Leigh Brackett noted that the stories were inspired by Edmond Hamilton's 1938 TWS story "Easy Money". Comics Journal essayist Donald Phelps described Manx as "a lumpen prole Broadwayite . . . A grubby, pragmatic Damon Runyonite [who] (sometimes reluctantly) embarked on time-traveling errands: these, at the behest of his scientist-buddy, inauspiciously named 'Dr. Mayhem'". Six stories in the series are ascribed to Kuttner, four to Barnes, and two are reportedly collaborations.

Bibliography

Omnibus

Haffner Press has announced an omnibus edition of the Kutter/Barnes collaborations and shared character stories, set for release in November 2015. Hollywood on the Moon / Man About Time: The Pete Manx Adventures will include all twelve Kelvin Kent stories, as well as six "Hollywood on the Moon" stories, which were originally published under Barnes's and/or Kuttner's names.

References

External links

American science fiction writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Science fiction shared pseudonyms

Kelvin Kent (pen name)


Moscow Time is UTC+03:00, the same time as Eastern European Summer Time, East Africa Time, and Arabia Standard Time.

On 28 March 2010, Moscow Time became the time zone for the Samara Oblast in Russia, leaving Samara Time (UTC+04:00) unused.

On 8 February 2011, the Russian government announced the abandonment of daylight saving time (DST) in all time zones across Russia. Moscovians set their clocks forward on 27 March 2011, and then UTC+04:00 became its standard time permanently.

In July 2014, the law to observe summer time year round was abandoned, and the clock has been set to UTC+3 starting from 26 October 2014.

References

The time zone database is Europe/Moscow.

Time zones
Moscow

Moscow Time


Lindsay Shoop (born September 25, 1981) is an American rower. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where she won a gold medal in women's eight. She rowed at the University of Virginia (UVA).

Shoop was born in Charlottesville, Virginia. In the spring semester of her junior year at UVA, Shoop joined the rowing team, an event that marked the beginning of her career as a rower. After graduating with a degree in Spanish (and a minor in art history), she competed at UVA for three spring seasons.

In 2004, she moved to Princeton, New Jersey to train with the national team coaches. After spending the first 8 months at the training center rowing a single, she eventually moved back into sweep boats in the spring of 2005.

That summer Shoop competed in both the pair and eight, which placed 6th and 4th respectively at the World Championships in Gifu, Japan.

Over the next four years, Shoop was part of the World Champion Women's Eights of 2006, 2007, and 2009. The Eight of 2006 set a World Record at 5:55.5 in Eton, England and was Henley Royal Regatta champion, setting that course record as well. In 2008, Shoop sat 2-seat in the Olympic Champion Women's Eight, bringing home the first American Rowing Olympic Gold in 24 years, and the only gold at the full 2,000 meter distance.

From 2005 on, Shoop also competed at 8 World Cups in the pair, eight, or both, medaling 5 times. She also medaled at the Head of the Charles Regatta 3 times and was part of the crew that set the Charles course record in 2007. During those years, she competed in numerous Selection Regattas and National Championship Events, winning a few of each.

In 2012, Shoop took the job as assistant men's rowing coach at Pine Crest School in Florida, and took over the entire rowing organization in 2013.  She left Pine Crest in the spring of 2014 to accomplish other life goals.

In the summer of 2021, Shoop was paired alongside Brendan Burke for rowing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

See also
 Erin Cafaro
 Anna (Mickelson) Cummins
 Caryn Davies
 Susan Francia
 Anna Goodale
 Caroline Lind
 Elle Logan
 Mary Whipple

References

External links

Living people
American female rowers
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in rowing
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
1981 births
University of Virginia alumni
Sportspeople from Charlottesville, Virginia
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
World Rowing Championships medalists for the United States
21st-century American women

Lindsay Shoop


"Treachery" is the eighth episode of the American television series Revenge. It premiered on ABC on November 16, 2011.

It was written by Ryan Scott and directed by Bobby Roth.

Plot
Lydia Davis (Amber Valletta) comes out of her coma, but doesn't remember anything about what happened.  Suspicions of Emily Thorne (Emily VanCamp) are amplified by Victoria Grayson (Madeleine Stowe).  Tyler (Ashton Holmes) begins to realize their dirty plans. Emily's plot further unravels, and Victoria's unstable relationship with her family grows increasingly more tense when the real Emily Thorne, an unwanted pawn (Margarita Levieva) in Emily's game, heads to the Hamptons with questionable intentions. Meanwhile, Lydia's memory is a growing concern for the Graysons, and a recently embittered friend begins to play dirty.

Production
The episode was written by Ryan Scott and directed by Bobby Roth.

Ratings
The episode received 18-49 rating of 2.6/7 and was watched by 7.98 million viewers.

External links

Revenge (TV series) episodes
2011 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Bobby Roth

Treachery (Revenge)


Tdsoft is an Israeli company, founded in 1994 by Yosi Albagli, Arie Shaham and Eytan Radian, together with Teledata Communications. Tdsoft developed V5.X based products, including V5Core Software, V5Proxi, and Tdgate family of TDM / ATM and Voice over IP access gateways.

Investors in Tdsoft included Apax, Gemini, HarbourVest Partners and Cisco Systems.

In 2001, Tdsoft acquired the Hunt 8110 product line from Cisco. In 2004, Tdsoft acquired the assets of Be-Connected from Telrad, and expanded its offering of access gateways.

In November 2005, Tdsoft took control over VocalTec (NASDAQ:VOCL), in a way of a reverse merger, and continued the combined business, by providing Voice over IP solutions to Telecommunications service providers, under the public entity and brand name of VocalTec.

See also
 List of VoIP companies

References
 Ray Le Maistre. "Tdsoft Saves VocalTec", Light Reading, October 28, 2005.
 Charlie Meredith-Hardy. "Red Herring Selects Tdsoft for the 2005 Red Herring 100 Europe", TMCnet, April 13, 2005.
 Business Editors/High-Tech Writers. "Tdsoft Acquires the Be Connected Total Access Solution — TAS", BNET, May 10, 2004.
 ITworld.com. "Cisco sells recent acquisition to Israeli firm", ITworld.com, June 18, 2001.

Networking companies
VoIP companies
Software companies established in 1994
Apax Partners companies
Software companies of Israel
VoIP companies of Israel

Tdsoft


Ugo Marotta (September 23, 1942 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian musician, conductor, arranger, composer, keyboardist and vibraphonist. He took part at the Brazilian music movements Bossa Nova and Musicanossa.

Biography
Born in Rio de Janeiro, he participated at the evening musical get-togethers at Nara Leão's place, the cradle of the musical style Bossa Nova. Other important names like Tom Jobim, Roberto Menescal, Carlos Lyra, Sérgio Mendes and Ronaldo Bôscoli were also active participants.

In 1963, together with Eumir Deodato, Sérgio Barrozo, João Palma and Roberto Menescal, he recorded his first LP, A Bossa Nova de Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto, playing vibraphone. Titles like "Desafinado", "Batida diferente", "Você e eu" and "Só danço samba" included on this LP, released by the label "Elenco", became some of the Bossa Nova hits. The following year, the band produced the new album: A Nova Bossa Nova de Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto, which also included hits like "Samba de verão", "Só tinha de ser com você" and "Bolinha de papel". Apart from playing the vibraphone, Marotta also arranged and composed some of the songs for this second LP.

During the Bossa Nova movement, he worked and recorded with several well-known Brazilian artists and bands (Maysa, Sylvia Telles, Carlos Lyra, Marcos Valle, Eumir Deodato), playing and arranging songs that became some of the Bossa Nova icons.

In 1968, he produced and directed the "Música Nossa" movement, along with Roberto Menescal, Mário Telles, Paulo Sérgio Valle and Tibério Gaspar.

Marotta, whose first vibraphone was constructed by himself, came back to the musical scene on a new record with the harmonic player Maurício Einhorn. The album, a compilation of Oscar-winning songs, was released in 1975, by the extinct Philips label.

Ugo Marotta also worked as arranger and composer of advertisements and movie soundtracks. His filmography includes As Aventuras de Sergio Mallandro, Os Fantasmas Trapalhões e Urubus e Papagaios.

Nowadays he works as a music arranger and producer, being his latest records: Tributo a Tom Jobim, with Cláudia Telles, Tributo a Art Blakey and Quarenta, with Pascoal Meirelles

Discography
Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto – A Bossa Nova de Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto (Elenco/Universal Music) – Vibraphone, arranger and composer
Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto – A Nova Bossa Nova de Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto (1964, Elenco/Polygram) – Vibraphone, arranger and composer
Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto – Bossa Nova (1962 ou 1964, Imperial) – Vibraphone
Maysa – Maysa (1964, Elenco/Universal Music) – Vibraphone
Marcos Valle – Samba Demais (1964, Odeon/EMI) – Vibraphone
Pacífico Mascarenhas – Sambacana (1964, Odeon) – Arranger
Wanda Sá – Wanda Vagamente (1965, RGE/Dubas Música) – Vibraphone
Samba Session (1965)
Sylvia Telles – The Music of Mr. Jobim By Sylvia Telles (1965)
Aracy de Almeida – Samba é Aracy de Almeida (1966, Elenco/Universal Music) – Arranger, organ and piano
Sylvia Telles – It Might As Well Be Spring (1966, Elenco/Dubas Música) – Vibraphone
Quarteto em Cy – Quarteto em Cy (1966, Elenco/Universal Music) – Arranger and composer
Quarteto em Cy and Tamba Trio – Som definitivo (1966, Forma/Bomba Records) – Arranger
Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto – Surf Board (1967, Elenco/Universal Music) – Vibraphone, arranger
Quarteto 004 – Retrato em Branco e Preto (1968)
Quarteto em Cy – Em Cy maior (1968) – Arranger
Tito Madi – Compacto Simples (1969)
Ugo Marotta & Os Folks – Baião Rides Again (1973)
Sivan Castelo Neto – Sivan Castelo Neto – 60 anos de música (1966, Elenco/Universal Music) – Producer, arranger and keyboards
Vários – The Oscar Winners (1975, Philips) – Produtor e arranger
Jorge Ben – SOLTA O PAVÃO (1975, Philips) – Arranger
Vários – A Era de Ouro da Música Italiana – Il Cantanti di Bruno Marotta (1977, Phonogram/Fontana) – Producer and arranger
Alcyr Pires Vermelho – Alcyr Pires Vermelho – 50 Anos de Música (1985)
Various artists – A Trip to Brazil – 40 Years of Bossa Nova (1988, Motor Music GmbH) – Vibraphone
Various artists – Chega De Saudade – The Best of Bossa Nova (1993, EMI) – Vibraphone
Various artists – A Trip to Brazil: Bossa Nova & Beyond (2000, Emarcy)
Various artists- Bossa Nova Lounge – Collection (2003) – Arranger and vibraphone
Marcos Valle – Marcos Valle – Antologia (2004, EMI) – Vibraphone
Claudia Telles – Tributo a Tom Jobim (2004, CID) – Producer, arranger and keyboards
Gabriel Guerra – Bossa, MPB e Eu (2005)
Pascoal Meirelles – Quarenta (2006, Rob Digital) – Producer
Pascoal Meirelles – Tributo a Art Blakey (2008, Rob Digital) – Producer
Roberto Menescal – Roberto Menescal – Coleção Folha 50 Anos de Bossa Nova (2008) – Vibraphone

See also
Bossa nova
Musicanossa

References

External links
Ugo Marotta – vibrafonista
Ugo Marotta – arranjador

Brazilian keyboardists
Vibraphonists
Música Popular Brasileira musicians
1942 births
Living people
Brazilian composers
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)

Ugo Marotta