Nashik Road (sometimes referred to as Nasik Road) is a suburb of Nashik that contains the city's railway station. The name 'Nashik Road' was originally used for the town surrounding the station (about 8 km or 5 miles southwest from the heart of Nashik city) and parts of the adjoining Deolali village, but has been administratively merged with the Nashik Municipal Corporation since the year 1984. Nashik Road is one of the fastest growing suburbs of the area, with almost 575,000 residents.

Geography
Nashik Road is a developing suburb of Nashik. The district has hotels and restaurants.

Among the district's major residential areas are Dattamandir, Andhashala, Gandharvanagari, Shikhrewadi, Jailroad, Gaykhe Mala, Jai Bhavani Road, and Upanagar. Shirdi, known as the home of Sai Baba, is near Nashik Road.

Infrastructure
The area is also known for its plethora of hospitals and financial institutions such as Business co-op Bank, The Nashik Road Deolali Vyapari Sahakari Bank Ltd., SBI and the ICICI Bank.

Transport

Road
The Mumbai-Agra Highway (NH3), Nashik-Pune Highway (NH 50), Peth Road, Wani Road, Bhagur-Nashik Road (Lam road), and Jail Road are among the major roads in the city, alongside residential and commercial neighborhoods. The first road overpass of the city (named 'Swatantryaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar flyover') is Nashik Road and goes over the NH 50.

Railway
Nashik Road railway station was built by Bhagwant Singh Kapoor's local construction company. This railway station is an important stop on the Mumbai-Bhusawal-Delhi and Mumbai-Bhusawal-Nagpur-Kolkata Central Railway routes. Heavy passenger traffic is a daily feature of the sector. In 2017, the government of Maharashtra and the Ministry of Railways unveiled a joint venture to construct a 248-km track to enable train service between Nashik Road and Pune. Similarly, the Rajya Rani Express train started running from Nashik to Mumbai in 2011.

Air
Nashik Road hosts Nashik Airport (operated in conjunction with the Indian Air Force), offering a 50 minute flight to Mumbai.

Tourism

Muktidham and Bhaktidham is a marble temple complex honouring various Hindu deities. Mhasoba Mandir at Andha sala, also known as Temple of Bell, is a Shri Icchamani Ganesh Temple at the Upnagar area of Nashik Road. The city railway station is located in Nashik Road. The Shrine of the Infant Jesus is located there. This shrine houses an idol of Infant Jesus, which is only found elsewhere in Yugoslavia.

A fair is held each February to honor the religious idol. Triambakeshwar, one of the most notable holy sites of India, is near Nashik. Triambakeshwar is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas in India. It is sacred for multiple reasons. Godavari river originates from this place. It is a place of Tri-Sandhya Gayatri. It is the birthplace of Lord Ganesha. It is a place of the first Nath of Nath Sampradaya consisting of Gorakhnath and others. Nivrittinath was made to imbibe the holy knowledge by his Guru Gahininath there. Nivrittinath made his brothers and sister attain the self by his preaching there.

Education
Educational institutions include Ryan International School, St. Xaviers High School, St. Philomena's Convent High School, Ashoka Universal School, Purushottam English School, K.N. Kela Progressive, R.J.C. Bytco Girls School, Kothari Kanya Shala, Jairambhai, and K. J. Mehta, Bytco College of Commerce, Science and Arts,M.s Gosavi Polytechnic (Bytco College Campus),S. V. K. T. College (popularly known as Bhatia College & Bytco Campus), Matoshree College of Engineering, and the research center Eklahare Nashik.

Economy

The India Security Press (the National treasury press) was the biggest employer in Nashik Road for many decades, until the late eighties, when the service-based economy started to thrive. The existence of the India Security Press provided employment to thousands of residents and spawned the surrounding economy. It also kept the green canopy in the city protected.  It has an adjoining Gymkhana and a large playground, which is a favorite games/exercise spot for children and adults.

The government began creating IT parks in Nashik Road. Industries include Mahindra & Mahindra, an automobile industry based out of the region. MICO Bosch is located at Satpur. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is a fighter aircraft manufacturing company in the Ojhar, a mere 20 km from Nashik at east side.

References

Cities and towns in Nashik district
Nashik

Nashik Road


Irvin William Akerley,  (24 November 1904 – 11 March 1995) was a Nova Scotia businessman and politician.

Born in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, the son of Harry and Margaret MacLeod Akerley, he was a businessman in Dartmouth running his own businesses and working for others. In 1955, he was elected the first mayor of Dartmouth. He resigned to run for a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 1963 election and was elected as a Progressive Conservative representative for the district of Halifax County Dartmouth. He served in the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Agriculture, and Minister of Highways. He was re-elected in the 1967 election in the new Dartmouth South riding. He was defeated when he ran for re-election in 1970 and later became Chairman of the Dartmouth General Hospital.

In 1978, Akerley was made a Member of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honour, "for the efforts he has devoted to the improvement of life in Nova Scotia, more especially while holding provincial cabinet posts. Also for contributions to the business and community life of Dartmouth during and after his terms as alderman and mayor".

Akerley Campus of the Nova Scotia Community College is named in his honour.

References

1904 births
1995 deaths
Businesspeople from Nova Scotia
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Members of the Order of Canada
Mayors of places in Nova Scotia
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
Members of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia

Irvin William Akerley


Benjamin Von Wong (, born November 14, 1986) is a Canadian artist, activist, and photographer best known for his environmental art installations and hyper-realist art style. He is a global inspirational speaker and an advocate against Ocean Plastics He is also notable for creating several viral social media campaigns, including the most funded GoFundMe campaign which raised over US$2M for Eliza O'Neill, a sufferer of Sanfilippo syndrome.

Since 2017, Von Wong () has focused his attention on building community around his plastic waste and environmental art installations. In addition to an extensive viral component, his storytelling aims to compel followers to act rather than spectate and not merely be entertained by his stunning campaigns.

Early life

Benjamin Von Wong is the son of Sing Wong and Jeanette Kho, both Malaysian Chinese immigrants to Canada, where he was born in Toronto on November 14, 1986. In 2007, Wong graduated from McGill University with a degree in Mining Engineering. Von Wong began his career working for Golder Associates as an underground mine planning and design engineer. In 2012, he left engineering to pursue a career in the arts.

Career

In 2013, he collaborated with Nikon and musician Andrew Kesler to produce the Nikon Symphony, a free ringtone made with $30,000 of dSLR gear.

In 2014, he was one of Flickr's weekly featured artists for his underwater photography taken in the Tulamben shipwreck in Bali, Indonesia.

In 2015, Von Wong was hired by cell phone manufacturer Huawei to demonstrate the capabilities of its P8 cell phone camera. Von Wong combined visual arts with pyrotechnics to create an image of a live model surrounded by fire without the help of Photoshop.

In 2017, Von Wong transformed a lifetime of Electronic Waste into art sculptures. These pieces were made from recovered electronics came from Dell's Global Recycling Program.  He also hung social entrepreneurs off a 30 story skyscraper in the Philippines after he was challenged by Nike to creatively promote its latest line of shoes.

In 2018, Von Wong built the world's tallest closet in Cairo, Egypt, made from 3,000 articles of clothing -- representing one lifetime of clothing -- standing nine meters tall. After the installation was disassembled, Von Wong donated the clothing to Egyptian refugees. In Corfu, Greece - collaboration with Greenpeace and aerialist Katerina Soldatou to illustrate the statistic: "Every 60 seconds, a truckload of plastic flows into the ocean"

In 2019, Von Wong earned a Guinness World Record for "Strawpocalypse," the largest supported art installation made from plastic drinking straws. Von Wong re-purposed used straws to raise awareness around the environmental damage to the ocean caused by plastics. He collaborated with the National Environment Agency and the Canadian High Commission in Singapore to create an art installation titled "Plastikophobia" made from 18,000 plastic cups for a solo gallery exhibition at the Sustainable Singapore Galleries.

In 2021, Von Wong created the #TurnOffThePlasticTap project to bring awareness to the volume of plastics being dumped into our oceans. The project is also known as #GiantPlasticTap and garnered good visibility in its desire to impact Cop26.

In March 2022, he was invited to recreate the tap in Kenya for the United Nations Environmental Assembly where a historic decision was made by UN member states to adopt a landmark mandate to develop a legally binding global Plastics Treaty with a full life cycle approach. He also gave his 3rd TEDx talk, entitled "Irrelevancy as fuel to generate collective action" at TEDxBoston on how his fear of irrelevancy is the principal motivation and source of creativity. He speaks to the evolving art of captivating attention for climate initiatives in today's click bait world."

Philanthropy

Eliza O' Neill GoFundMe viral campaign

In July, 2013, Eliza O'Neill was a 4-year-old child diagnosed with Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A, a terminal genetic disease causing death for most sufferers before they reach their teens. Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, had developed a gene therapy, but for clinical trials to take place, $2 million was required.

Wong and D.L. Cade then produced a video, in conjunction with the Cure Sanfilippo Foundation, which highlighted the plight of Eliza O'Neill and other Sanfilippo syndrome sufferers, as part of the GoFundMe Saving Eliza campaign.

Shark Shepherd viral campaign

In 2015, Von Wong launched an online campaign petitioning Datuk Masidi Manjun to create a Shark Sanctuary in Malaysia. His viral campaign featuring free-diver Amber Bourke tied underwater while sharks swam around generated over 80,000 petition signatures. The photos were created in Fiji.

Recognition
 2019 : Guinness World Record for "Strawpocalypse," the largest supported art installation made from plastic drinking straws.
 2018 : Top 11 Branded Content Masterminds Who are Elevating the Art of Marketing by Ad Week
 2015 Saving Eliza: The Video that Could Save a Little Girl s Life... and Thousands More - Shorty Awards Best Use of Video (Nominated)
 2015 Power of Photography AP Awards 2015 Winner

References

1986 births
Living people
Artists from Toronto
Canadian philanthropists
Conceptual photographers
McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
21st-century Canadian photographers

Benjamin Von Wong


François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison (; 7 May 1759, Paris – 7 December 1834) was a French poet.

He initially intended to painting, he studied with the painter Jacques-Louis David. Ruined by the French Revolution, he managed to make a living as a portrait painter during the revolution.

Having rallied to Napoleon, in whose honor he wrote several poems, he was appointed member of the Science and Arts Commission accompanying Bonaparte during the Egyptian campaign in 1798.

He was the eleventh occupant of the French Academy seat 1 in 1811.

He is buried in Pere-Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Works
 Various poems composed in Egypt, England and France (1803)
 Loves epic poem in six cantos, containing the translated episodes of love composed by the best epic poets (1804)
 Guarantee (1804)
 The Birth of the King of Rome (1811)
 Napoleon's Wedding (1819)
 Philip Augustus, a heroic poem in twelve songs (1825)

References
 Académie française: François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison

1759 births
1834 deaths
Poets from Paris
French poets
Members of the Académie Française
Commission des Sciences et des Arts members
French male poets

François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison


DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue is an action role-playing game by game designer Ron Gilbert and is the sequel to DeathSpank. It was announced on August 23, 2010. The game adds new environments, modernized weapons, increased boss fights, and a new multiplayer character. Thongs of Virtue was released on September 21, 2010 on the PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network and on September 22, 2010 on the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade. The Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X versions were released November 30, 2010 and December 14, 2010, respectively via Steam.

DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue follows the titular character DeathSpank as he searches for the six mystical Thongs of Virtue. The game is the second of a two-part series, and the story begins immediately after the end of the first title. The first half of the series, entitled DeathSpank was first released on July 13, 2010. Gilbert described DeathSpank as being "Act I" in the story, and Thongs of Virtue as being "Acts II and III".

Critics received the game with generally positive reviews. Initial sales have been strong, with the Xbox 360 version selling nearly 32,000 units and the PlayStation 3 version nearly 39,000 units in 2010. Xbox Live Arcade sales exceeded 54,000 units in 2011. Critics enjoyed the continued humor, visual design and gameplay from the original game, however some critics felt that it was not different enough from the first game.

Gameplay

As with DeathSpank, the gameplay world of DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue is cylinder-shaped and is rendered without load screens as the player explores its unique goings-on. Gameplay is similar to Diablo, featuring hundreds of pieces of armor and weapons. Advanced dialog options, similar to LucasArts' Monkey Island series, also play a large part in unfolding the game's story.

The game is being designed to be playable in short segments, and has three difficulty levels. It contains from 8 to 12 hours of gameplay depending on choices made during gameplay. In addition to the thirty-three main quests, players have the option of performing a total of 79 side quests. After defeating the final boss, the player can continue to play in the environment, with money in the form of green currency rather than gold coins. Thongs of Virtue includes modern and sci-fi elements, including ranged weapons such as automatic firearms. Extraterrestrial aliens are also introduced as a new enemy.

Plot

DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue continues where DeathSpank ended. The title character, DeathSpank, has collected The Artifact and now he searches for the six mystical Thongs of Virtue. As with the previous game, DeathSpank adventures with a companion. His cohort Steve is a ninja turned criminal; DeathSpank's companion from the first game, Sparkles the wizard, can also accompany DeathSpank in place of Steve. Together, they must find and destroy the six Thongs of Virtue to restore peace to the land.

Development and marketing

DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue was announced August 23, 2010, shortly after the release of its predecessor, DeathSpank. It was first released on September 21, 2010 on the PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network and then on September 22, 2010 on the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade. The Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X versions were released November 30, 2010 and December 14, 2010, respectively via Steam. According to Ron Gilbert, both parts of DeathSpank were developed at the same time, with his equal involvement in both of them. Originally it was meant to be released as one giant game, but it became too big for one downloadable game, so the developers split it into two. Gilbert has said that part two represents "Act II and III" of DeathSpank, and "wraps up the story nicely."

Reception

DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue has received generally positive reviews from critics. At aggregate website GameRankings it holds scores of 78.50%, 79.88%, and 82.50% for the PlayStation 3, Microsoft Windows, and the Xbox 360, respectively. Fellow aggregate website Metacritic reports similar scores, with both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions averaging 78/100 and the PC version also scoring 78/100. The game has sold over 25,000 units as of October 2010 on the Xbox 360, and nearly 32,000 as of end-of-year 2010. Xbox Live Arcade sales increased to over 54,000 units as of year-end 2011. The PlayStation 3 version sold a slightly higher number of copies with almost 39,000 units moved.

As with DeathSpank, critics cited elements The Secret of Monkey Island and Diablo in the game.
Critics generally praised that the game stayed true to the original while adding some new gameplay mechanics and expanding the story. Taylor Cocke of 1UP.com stated "the return of DeathSpank yields an almost identical experience, in a really good way." Eurogamer's Kristan Reed agreed and noted that it is "a continuation of the same game. For those of you who loved part one, that can only be a good thing." In contrast, Game Revolution's Nick Tan noted that the only changes in the game were the weaponry, setting and dialogue, and added that it "copies much from the original."

The new gameplay mechanics received mixed opinions from reviewers. Daemon Hatfield of IGN praised the addition of new weaponry but noted that those who played the first game will need no introduction to Thongs of Virtue gameplay, stating "It will feel very familiar to anyone who played the first DeathSpank, but it remains incredibly addictive." 1UP.com's Cocke felt that more could have been done to differentiate Thongs of Virtue from its predecessor. He commended Hothead Games for releasing the sequel so quickly, but felt "that [it] has obviously come at the expense of any big improvements over the first one."

DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtues humor, visual design and voice acting generally received praise, with some exceptions. Kristan Reed of Eurogamer felt that "the poop gags [were] a little wearisome" but added "a sprinkling of the old Gilbert magic makes it a worthwhile ride." In comparison to DeathSpank, IGN's Hatfield felt that Thongs of Virtue was "addictive, just as pretty, and I dare say it's even a little funnier." Ryan Vincent from GameZone thought the game's new setting gave the game "far more charm and personality than the first DeathSpank."

References

External links

Role-playing video games
Action role-playing video games
Cooperative video games
Electronic Arts games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games about ninja
MacOS games
PlayStation Network games
Science fantasy video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in Canada
Video games scored by Jeff Tymoschuk
Windows games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
2010 video games
Asymmetrical multiplayer video games
Hothead Games games

DeathSpank: Thongs of Virtue


Erik De Beck (born 6 June 1951) is a Belgian former long-distance runner who specialised in cross country running. His greatest performance was a gold medal at the 1974 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He shared in the team title at that event on three occasions: 1973, 1974 and 1977.

De Beck won three national titles in his career, taking two cross country wins (1974 and 1976) and one 10,000 metres title (1983). He totalled nine appearances at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships as well as three outings at its precursor, the International Cross Country Championships, where he was a junior medallist in 1970. He married Joske Van Santberghe, who was also a medallist at the World Cross Country Championships.

Career
Born in Merelbeke, in his youth he joined K.A.A. Gent – one of the oldest sports clubs in the country. While he was still at high school De Beck entered the 1967 Cross van Le Soir, a major cross country race open to the public, and finished eleventh overall. He continued to improve in the discipline and his first successes came in 1970, when he won the Belgian junior title and took the bronze medal in the junior section of that year's International Cross Country Championships. The following year he managed only eleventh place at the international event,  but on his senior debut he placed seventh and helped Belgium to the third in the team rankings, alongside the race winner Gaston Roelants. De Beck married fellow cross country runner Joske Van Santberghe in 1972.

De Beck's career coincided with a strong period of men's long-distance running in Belgium in the 1970s, with Roelants, Willy Polleunis, Emiel Puttemans, Karel Lismont and Ivo Van Damme being the other protagonists. The 1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships marked the inauguration of the modern world championship event and, held on home turf in Waregem, the Belgian trio of Polleunis, Roelants and De Beck won the first team title (De Beck placed 18th individually). De Beck won his first national title in cross country a year later. He produced an upset at the 1974 IAAF World Cross Country Championships by winning the title just ahead of Mariano Haro (the 1973 runner-up) and leading the Belgian men to the team gold medal.

He missed the 1975 season but returned to action by winning the 1976 Belgian cross country title. He failed to repeat his previous success at the 1976 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, coming 49th, although Belgium took the team silver medals. His teammate Léon Schots won the gold at the 1977 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and De Beck's 18th-place finish saw him share in the team title for a third time in his career. As the 1970s neared to a close, the performance of the Belgian team declined: De Beck was 26th at both the 1978 and 1979 races, with Belgium ranking fifth overall in each competition. After missing the 1980 season, he was only 64th in 1981. He was his country's best performer at the 1982 and 1983 World Cross Country Championships, finishing 17th each time.

De Beck turned to the track in 1983 and won the third (and last) Belgian title of his career by running 29:42.56 minutes for the 10,000 metres. His last year of major competition came in 1987: he finished 73rd at the 1987 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and won the Zwijndrecht Marathon in a time of 2:21:50 hours.

References

External links

1951 births
Living people
Belgian male long-distance runners
World Athletics Cross Country Championships winners
People from Merelbeke
Sportspeople from East Flanders

Erik De Beck


Norris Turney (September 8, 1921, Wilmington, Ohio, United States – January 17, 2001, Kettering, Ohio) was an American jazz flautist and saxophonist.

Biography
Turney began his career in the Midwest, playing in territory bands such as the Jeter-Pillars Orchestra. He played with Tiny Bradshaw in Chicago before moving to New York City, where he performed with the Billy Eckstine Orchestra in 1945–1946. Turney had little luck in New York, however, and returned to Ohio to play in local ensembles through the 1950s. He toured with Ray Charles in 1967 traveling to the Far East and Australia, then was hired by Duke Ellington, in whose orchestra he played from 1969 to 1973. He was hired to play alto saxophone as an "insurance policy" due to the declining health of Johnny Hodges. He was the first flute soloist to ever play in Ellington's orchestra. He also played tenor saxophone in the band. Amongst his own compositions was "Chequered Hat", written in tribute to Hodges.

Following his tenure with Ellington, he played with the Savoy Sultans and the Newport All-Stars, as well as in several pit orchestras. In the 1980s, he toured and recorded as a member of the Oliver Jackson Quintet, with Ali Jackson, Irvin Stokes, and Claude Black.

Turney recorded as a leader between 1975 and 1978, and released the CD, Big, Sweet 'n Blue in 1993. He died of kidney failure in 2001, at the age of 79.

Discography

As leader
 1978: I Let a Song with Booty Wood, Aaron Bell, Sam Woodyard, Raymond Fol
 1993: Big, Sweet 'n Blue with Larry Willis, Walter Booker, and Jimmy Cobb (Mapleshade)

As sideman
With Jodie Christian
Front Line (Delmark, 1996)
With Roy Eldridge
What It's All About (Pablo, 1976)
With Oliver Jackson
 Billy's Bounce (Black & Blue, 1984)
With Red Richards
 In a Mellow Tone (West 54, 1979)
With Randy Weston
 Tanjah (Polydor, 1973)

References
Footnotes

General references
Scott Yanow, [ Norris Turney] at AllMusic

1921 births
2001 deaths
Musicians from Ohio
American jazz flautists
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Duke Ellington Orchestra members
Deaths from kidney failure
People from Wilmington, Ohio
20th-century saxophonists
American male jazz musicians
American Jazz Orchestra members
Savoy Sultans members
Mapleshade Records artists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century flautists

Norris Turney


Janoi Denzil Naieme Donacien (born 3 November 1993) is a Saint Lucian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ipswich Town and the Saint Lucia national team. A versatile defender, he is capable of playing at full-back and centre-back.

Born in Saint Lucia, Donacien moved to England at the age of eight. He began his football career in the academy at Luton Town in 2005. He spent five years in the academy at Luton, going on to spend a brief spell in the youth set up at Tottenham Hotspur in 2010 before joining the Aston Villa Academy later that year. He spent six years at Aston Villa, working his way through the club's academy whilst also spending time out on loan at Tranmere Rovers, Wycombe Wanderers and Newport County during his time at Villa Park. He moved on a permanent deal to Accrington Stanley in 2016, going onto win the EFL League Two title in 2018. He joined Ipswich Town in the summer of 2018, initially on loan before making the deal permanent in January 2019. He spent a spell on loan at former club Accrington Stanley in 2019, as well as a loan at Fleetwood Town in 2021. He helped Ipswich gain promotion from EFL League One during the 2022–23 season following a second-placed league finish.

He made his debut for the Saint Lucia national team in 2023.

Club career

Early career
Born in Castries, Saint Lucia, Donacien moved to the United Kingdom with his family in 2001 at the age of eight. He began his footballing career in 2005, joining the academy at Luton Town. He spent 5 years at Luton before spending a brief spell in the youth set up at Tottenham Hotspur, representing the club in the 2010 Milk Cup, prior to joining the Aston Villa Academy in 2010.

Aston Villa
Donacien joined the academy at Aston Villa in 2010, working his way through the academy to represent Villa in youth, reserves and NextGen Series competitions. He was a member of Villa's NextGen Series-winning team during the 2012–13 season. Donacien played his first games for the senior team during the pre-season ahead of the 2013–14 Premier League season, making his non-competitive debut in a pre-season friendly match against Wycombe Wanderers on 22 July 2013. Donacien was awarded a place in the first-team squad and the squad number 32, he went on to be named on the first-team's bench twice during the 2013–14 season, once in the Premier League against Sunderland and once in the FA Cup against Sheffield United.

Tranmere Rovers (loan)
Donacien was loaned to Tranmere Rovers in August 2014 and made his professional debut in a 2–1 home win against Morecambe at Prenton Park on 30 August 2014. He turned out regularly at both centre-back and right wing-back for Tranmere over the season with a brief spell back at Villa Park after the January transfer window, the side finished bottom of League Two, being relegated to the National League. Donacien made a total of 37 appearances during his first season in professional football.

Wycombe Wanderers (loan)
On 21 August 2015 he signed a one-month loan deal with Wycombe Wanderers, He made his debut for Wycombe a day later in a 1–1 draw with Dagenham & Redbridge. He made 2 league appearances for Wycombe before returning to Villa Park on 19 September.

Newport County (loan)
On 24 September 2015 he joined Newport County on loan. He made his debut for Newport on 26 September in the starting line-up for the League Two match against Carlisle United. In January 2016 the loan was extended to the end of the 2015–16 season. Donacien made 31 appearances across all competitions during his loan spell at Newport.

Accrington Stanley
On 5 August 2016 Donacien signed for Accrington Stanley on a free transfer. He made his debut for Accrington on the opening day of the 2016–17 season in a 3–2 win against Doncaster Rovers. Donacien scored his first goal for Accrington, and first senior goal of his career, on 29 October 2016 in the 1–3 League Two defeat against Newport County. During his first season at Accrington, Donacien made a total of 41 appearances.

Donacien played a key role for Accrington as they won the EFL League Two title and promotion to EFL League One for the first time in the club's history in the 2017–18 season. He featured in 45 of Accrington's 46 league matches during the season and made 51 appearances in total across all competitions. Donacien made a total of 92 appearances in all competitions during two seasons at the Crown Ground, scoring one goal.

Ipswich Town
On 31 July 2018 Donacien signed for EFL Championship side Ipswich Town, initially on loan with a view to becoming a permanent deal once he received his new UK work permit. He made his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2018–19 season in a 2–2 draw with Blackburn Rovers. All of his appearances during the early stages of the season came under Paul Hurst, however after Hurst was sacked in October and replaced by Paul Lambert, who had previously been the manager at Aston Villa during Donacien's time at the club, he did not make a single appearance for Ipswich for the remainder of the season. His transfer to Ipswich was made permanent in January 2019, signing a three-year contract for a reported fee of £750,000. He made 11 appearances during his first season at Portman Road, before returning to former club Accrington Stanley on loan in January, with Ipswich ultimately suffering relegation to EFL League One during the season.

Accrington Stanley (loan)
On 18 January 2019, Donacien returned to Accrington Stanley on loan until the end of the season. He made his return debut to Accrington in a 0–1 FA Cup defeat to Derby County on 26 January. He made 20 appearances for Accrington during the second half of the 2018–19 season, helping the Lancashire club secure League One safety.

Return to Ipswich
He started the 2019–20 season as the first choice right-back at Ipswich, starting in the 1–0 opening day win over Burton Albion. He started the following three league games of the season, however the signing of Kane Vincent-Young in August saw his game time reduced in the league.
He featured regularly in the EFL Trophy, starting every group stage match as Ipswich finished second in the group, qualifying for the second round as a result. He also made regular appearances in the FA Cup. Following an injury to Vincent-Young in October, he competed for a starting place in the first-team with stand-in right-back Gwion Edwards. He made a total of 19 appearances across all competitions before the 2019–20 season was suspended due to the Coronavirus outbreak in March.

Donacien saw his game time limited to a handful of appearances in cup competitions during the first-half of the 2020–21 season, making only 3 appearances across the FA Cup, EFL Cup and EFL Trophy before being sent out on loan to Fleetwood Town in the January transfer window.

Fleetwood Town (loan)
On 22 January 2021, Donacien joined Fleetwood Town on loan for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. He made his Fleetwood Town debut the following day, starting the match in a 0–0 draw with Wigan Athletic. In total, Donacien made 19 appearances during his loan spell with Fleetwood.

Second return to Ipswich
On 10 May 2021, Ipswich announced that they had taken up the option to extend Donacien's contract by an additional year, keeping him under contract until 2022.

The 2021–22 season and the arrival of Paul Cook as Ipswich's new manager saw Donacien feature as a regular starter for the first time since joining Ipswich. He was a key part of the first-team during the season, featuring primarily as a right-back under Paul Cook during the first-half of the season. He quickly formed a strong partnership with new signing Wes Burns on the right-hand side of the team. In November 2021, Donacien signed a new contract with Ipswich until 2023, with the option of an additional one-year extension. He continued to feature regularly during the season after Cook was sacked in December and replaced by Kieran McKenna. He played primarily as a right sided centre-back under McKenna as Ipswich's defensive record improved considerably, playing as part of a defense which set a new club record for the length of time without the team conceding a goal, surpassing the previous record of 547 minutes. During the season he started 40 league matches and also came on as a substitute in a further 3 league matches. In total, Donacien made 48 appearances throughout the 2021–22 season, the most of any Ipswich player, whilst also making more league starts than any other player.

He continued to be a key part of Kieran McKenna's team during the 2022–23 season, featuring more at right-back as the season progressed and Ipswich changed system. In January, Ipswich signed Harry Clarke from Arsenal, reducing Donacien's game time as a regular starter, although he still served as an important part of the squad. He once again helped Ipswich set a new club record for consecutive time without conceding, setting a run of 9 consecutive clean sheets and 949 minutes without conceding a goal, surpassing the record set by the team the previous season. In April 2023, Ipswich exercised the option in Donacien's contract to extend his deal by an additional year, keeping him contracted to the club until summer 2024. He made a total of 42 appearances in all competitions during the season, 38 of which came in the league as he helped Ipswich win promotion back to the Championship following a second-placed league finish.

International career
Donacien received his first call-up to the Saint Lucia national team in June 2023. He made his debut for Saint Lucia on 16 June 2023 in a 1–3 defeat against Martinique in a 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification first preliminary round match at the DRV PNK Stadium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Style of play
Donacien is a versatile defender, capable of playing anywhere in defense, primarily either at full-back or centre-back. He is known for his tackling ability, athleticism and one-v-one defending. In August 2022, Ipswich manager Kieran McKenna said of Donacien; "He certainly has the athleticism to get up and down the pitch and technically he's growing and finding more belief in himself now."

Personal life
Donacien's immigration status made national headlines in 2012 as he and his family were denied permanent residency by the United Kingdom Home Office. Donacien and his family were granted three years of discretionary leave to remain in the United Kingdom in 2012. In October 2018 it was revealed that Donacien was waiting to receive a biometric residence permit from the UK Home Office, which would grant him permanent residency to the United Kingdom, despite having lived in the UK since 2001. In January 2019 it was announced that his Leave to remain had been confirmed, granting him permanent residency in the UK.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Aston Villa U19
NextGen Series: 2012–13
Accrington Stanley
EFL League Two: 2017–18

Ipswich Town
EFL League One runner-up: 2022–23

References

External links
Janoi Donacien profile at the Ipswich Town F.C. website

1993 births
Living people
People from Castries Quarter
Saint Lucian men's footballers
Saint Lucia men's international footballers
Saint Lucian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Men's association football defenders
English Football League players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players

Janoi Donacien


Dragon Teeth is a novel by Michael Crichton, the eighteenth under his own name and third to be published after his death, written in 1974 and published on May 23, 2017. A historical fiction forerunner to Jurassic Park, the novel is set in the American West in 1876 during the Bone Wars, a period of fervent competition for fossil hunting between two real-life paleontologists noted for their intense rivalry, Othniel Charles Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. The plot follows the fictional protagonist William Johnson, a Yale student who works during the summer alternately for the two paleontologists.

Plot summary
William Johnson is a student at Yale college. Reckless and risk-taking, he makes a bet with his rival, a student named Marlin, that he will go west the following summer. Johnson then attempts to join Prof. Othniel Charles Marsh on his yearly expedition fossil hunting in the Badlands. Marsh is reluctant until Johnson lies, saying that he is a photographer.
Johnson learns to take photographs and leaves with Marsh at the appointed time. However, upon learning of Johnson's Philadelphia background, Marsh begins to suspect that he is a spy for Edward Drinker Cope, a rival paleontologist. Marsh abandons Johnson in Cheyenne.

Shortly thereafter, Johnson meets Cope, who invites him to join his expedition. They head out west, despite Marsh's attempts to discredit and stop them. They are finally forced to stop in Fort Benton, when news of Custer's defeat at the hands of Sitting Bull causes a ban on travel into Montana. Even so, Cope's group manages to sneak away from the Fort. When they arrive in the Judith Basin, they immediately begin to dig for fossil bones. They remain there for several months. Marsh attempts to spy on them and poison their water, but leaves after Cope's group lures him into camp and fires at him. Johnson and Cope discover fossil Brontosaurus teeth.
At the end of the summer, they leave for Fort Benton. As they have too many bones with them for a single trip, they leave half of the bones at camp, intending to retrieve them on the second trip.

Johnson volunteers to lead the second journey, and is accompanied by a fellow student named Toad, a Snake scout named Little Wind, and the teamster, Cookie. As they approach the camp, they see the fires of the Sioux army in the distance. Cookie and Little Wind desert Johnson and Toad, leaving them with the wagon. They decide to carry on and retrieve the bones anyway, and are pursued by Sioux warriors on horseback. They come across Little Wind, and manage to escape by driving the wagon into the badlands, but Toad is killed in the process. Meanwhile, at Fort Benton, Cookie arrives with several arrows stuck in him, and dies. Cope assumes that Johnson is dead, and telegrams his parents. Johnson and Little Wind drive the Wagon east, hoping to put distance between themselves and the Sioux. Little Wind dies of blood loss. Eventually, Johnson arrives, barely alive, in the town of Deadwood.

Johnson sets up a photography studio to fund stagecoach fare to Fort Laramie. The residents of the Town become convinced that his boxes of bones in fact contain gold. Tensions rise, and, fearing that he will be robbed, Johnson buries the bones. This infuriates a local outlaw named Black Dick Curry, who had been planning to steal the boxes. He challenges Johnson to a duel, which Johnson wins. An injured Curry swears revenge and flees the town.

Johnson raises enough money for the coach and prepares to leave. He offers half of his bones to Wyatt and Morgan Earp in exchange for guarding the coach on its journey, as he suspects that Dick Curry will try to rob it on the way to Laramie. He is proven to be correct, and Dick tries twice to rob the coach, but is unsuccessful. When they arrive in Laramie, Johnson discovers that Wyatt made a deal with Marsh to sell half of Johnson's bones. While they bargain, Johnson removes the bones from the boxes and replaces them with rocks. Johnson then continues on to Cheyenne, and eventually arrives back in Philadelphia, much to the surprise of his parents and of Cope. He turns the bones over to Cope. Finally, he returns to Yale to claim his winnings from Marlin.

Historical people that appeared as characters in the book
 Edward Drinker Cope
 Othniel Charles Marsh
 Wyatt Earp
 Morgan Earp
 Charles Hazelius Sternberg
 Wild Bill Hickok

Adaptation
On July 30, 2016, it was announced that National Geographic closed a development deal with Amblin Television to adapt the novel into a limited global television series. It will be adapted by Graham Yost and Bruce C. McKenna and will follow the notorious rivalry between real-life paleontologists Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh during a time of intense fossil speculation and discovery.

Reception
Don Oldenburg of USA Today gave the novel four stars, describing the book as "Plain and simple, it's Crichton fiction — a fun, suspenseful, entertaining, well-told tale filled with plot twists, false leads and lurking danger in every cliffhanging chapter."

References

Novels by Michael Crichton
Novels published posthumously
Fiction set in 1876
Novels set in the 1870s
Novels set in Connecticut
Novels set in Philadelphia
Novels set in South Dakota
2017 American novels
HarperCollins books

Dragon Teeth


United Nations Security Council resolution 1233, adopted unanimously on 6 April 1999, after reaffirming Resolution 1216 (1998) on the situation in Guinea-Bissau, the council established the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS) to facilitate the implementation of the Abuja Accord.

In the preamble of the Resolution 1223, the security council continued to express concern over the humanitarian situation in Guinea-Bissau. It noted declarations by the President of Guinea-Bissau João Bernardo Vieira and the leader of the self-proclaimed military junta of never again resorting to the use of weapons and welcomed the swearing-in of a new Government of National Unity. The council noted that there serious obstacles remaining, partly due to the failure of civil servants and other officials to return to Guinea-Bissau from other countries. It welcomed the deployment of troops from the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) and reiterated the need to conduct general and presidential elections as soon as possible in accordance with the Abuja Agreement.

The parties were commended for the steps they had taken so far in the peace process and were asked to take measures for a smooth functioning of the government and the return of refugees. They were called upon to promptly agree on the date for the holding of free, fair and inclusive elections.

Supporting a decision of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Council authorised the establishment of UNOGBIS to co-ordinate United Nations activities in Guinea-Bissau during the transitional period leading up to general and presidential elections in addition to the implementation of the Abuja Accord, in co-operation with the ECOMOG, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and international organisations.

The resolution reiterated the requirement for the disarmament and encampment of ex-belligerent troops and welcomed the progress made by ECOMOG in this regard; the demining of areas to facilitate the return of refugees was also a necessity. The council urged all parties to respect international law, particularly with regards to operations by United Nations and humanitarian personnel. It welcomed a United Nations Development Programme-sponsored conference that was to be held in Geneva on 4–5 May 1999 to mobilise assistance for Guinea-Bissau.

Finally, the secretary-general was required to submit a report to the council by 30 June 1999 and every 90 days thereafter on developments relating to Guinea-Bissau, the Abuja Accord, UNOGBIS and ECOMOG.

See also
 Guinea-Bissau Civil War
 History of Guinea-Bissau
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1201 to 1300 (1998–2000)

References

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1233
1999 in Guinea-Bissau
 1233
April 1999 events

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1233


Mitr Chaibancha (Thai มิตร ชัยบัญชา (pronunciation), 28 January 1934 in Phetchaburi, Thailand - 8 October 1970) was a Thai film actor who acted 266 films from 1956 to 1970.
He died on 8 October 1970 at Dongtan Beach, Jomtien, South Pattaya, after falling from a helicopter during the filming of a stunt for the final scene of Insee thong (Golden Eagle).

At the height of his career in the 1960s, Mitr, along with Petchara Chaowarat, made a string of hit films that packed cinemas. Of the 75 to 100 films produced each year by the Thai film industry during this period, Mitr starred in nearly half of them.

Early life
Mitr was born into poverty, named Bunting ("abandoned by destiny"), which was the name given to him by a monk. His parents separated when he was an infant. His father was a non-commissioned police officer. His mother came to Bangkok for work as a greengrocer and a better financial position. At age 8, Mitr moved to Bangkok's Nang Loeng neighborhood to live with a newly married mother, where he took the surname Phumhem. This was the surname of his stepfather. He was then enrolled in a Thai boxing school. He became the lightweight boxing champion for his school in 1949 and 1951, and went on to win three lightweight division titles. After finishing secondary school, he studied at Pranakhon College. He was then accepted into the Royal Thai Air Force aviation school, where he was trained as a pilot. After graduation, he worked as a flight instructor at Don Muang Royal Thai Air Force Base.

In 1956 some friends showed his photograph to journalist Kingkaew Kaewprasert, who introduced him to Surat Pukkawet, the editor of a movie magazine. Before long Mitra starred in his first film, Chart Sua (Tiger Instinct). It was then he decided to change his name from Pichet Pumhem to Mitr Chaibancha. He caught the attention of movie fans after starring in Chao Nakleng (Gangster Lord), using the character name Rom Ritthikrai from author Sake Dusit's Insee Daeng (Red Eagle) series of novels.

He married his wife, Jaruwan, in 1959. In 1961 a son, Yuthana, or Ton, was born. However, the marriage ended in a divorce.

Height of fame
In 1961 Mitr starred in Banthuk Rak Pimchawee (Love Diary of Pimchawee), his first film with Petchara Chaowarat. This was the beginning of the most celebrated hero-heroine partnerships in Thai cinematic history. The Mitr-Petchara duo made about 165 films together.

One of the pair's most famous films was 1970's Monrak luk thung (, or Magical Love of the Countryside), a musical romantic comedy rhapsodizing Thai rural life.

Mitr was an extremely busy actor and was always on the move, going from set to set and sleeping as little as a two or three hours per night.

Another of his best-known movies, Pet Tad Pet (Operation Bangkok), was shot in both Bangkok and Hong Kong, and featured Kecha Plianvitheee and Luecha Naruenart as the villains, as well as Hong Kong's then top actress, Regina Piping.

Monrak luk thung was one of Mitr's last films. It played in Bangkok cinemas for a solid six months in 1970 and took in 6 million baht, its popularity spurred by the best-selling soundtrack album and Mitr's accidental death while filming Insee Thong.

His last film
Insee Thong was the first film that Mitr produced himself, and it featured the return of his popular character, the masked crime-fighter, Insee Daeng (Red Eagle), the secret alter ego of alcoholic detective Rom Rittikrai.

On the last day of shooting, the script called for Mitr, having vanquished the villains, to fly off into the sunset in a helicopter. As the camera rolled, Mitr leapt from the ground to grab a rope ladder hanging from the aircraft, only managing to reach the lowest rung. Unaware of this, the helicopter pilot flew higher and higher, and Mitr finally lost his grip and fell to the ground. The accident was all caught on film and was actually left in the final theatrical release. The fatal fall has since been removed from DVD versions of the film, with Mitr simply flying off into the distance and some onscreen text paying tribute to the star.

It was another death that would make 1970 a difficult year for the Thai film industry, as months earlier pioneering director Rattana Pestonji collapsed while giving a speech urging government officials to support the domestic film industry. He died several hours later.

Mitr's death was ruled as a tragic accident. For safety, there should have been two shots for the final scene. The first would have been of Mitr grabbing the ladder and flying off at low altitude. Then, a stunt double would have performed a second shot at a higher altitude.

Funeral and memorial shrine

On the day of his funeral, the streets leading to the Buddhist temple were packed, with tens of thousands trying to attend his cremation rites. On the DVD of Insee Thong, release in 2005 in Thailand, one of the special features is footage of the cremation ceremony. Mitr's body is held up so the throngs of onlookers could catch a last glimpse of the dead star. He was survived by his former wife and one son.

A memorial shrine to Mitr is situated on a small street in Jomtien, off Jomtien Road in front of the Amphoe Bang Lamung Revenue Department, behind Jomtien Palm Beach Hotel. The shrine is open from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily. Inside the spirit house is a statue of Mitr holding a pistol in his right hand, reminiscent of his numerous roles as an action movie star. The walls are lined with photographs and other memorabilia. Fortune seekers visit the shrine, shake Kau Cim sticks and then check for the corresponding fortune on tablets hung on the shrine. If wishes have been granted, fortune seekers return and purchase a small offering to leave at the shrine.

Partial filmography
 Operation Bangkok (Pet Tad Pet) (1966)
 Top Secret (1967)
 Monrak luk thung (Magical Love of the Countryside) (1970)
 Insee thong (Golden Eagle) (1970)
 The Tiger and the Dragon (1971)

References

 Tupchai, Suchada (2005) Adoring fans remember famous Thai film star Mitr Chiabancha, Pattaya Mail. Retrieved 23 December 2005.
 Rithdee, Kong (2005) Fallen idols, Bangkok Post. Retrieved 23 December 2005.
 Fleshman, Erich (2005) A Brief History of Thai Cinema, Notes from Hollywood. Retrieved 23 December 2005.
 Saenkhum, Tanita (2003)  Remembering Mitr, The Nation. Retrieved 23 December 2005.
 The Cremation of Mitr Chaibancha, special features, Insee thong DVD, 2005.

External links

Mitr Chaibancha at the Thai Film Database
Review of Insee thong at Rotten Tomatoes

1934 births
1970 deaths
Mitr Chaibancha
Mitr Chaibancha
Mitr Chaibancha
Mitr Chaibancha
Accidental deaths from falls
Mitr Chaibancha
Mitr Chaibancha
Filmed deaths of entertainers
Mitr Chaibancha

Mitr Chaibancha


The Brussels Parliament building (, ) is a neoclassical building located on the / in Brussels, Belgium, housing the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. It largely dates from the early 20th century, although some wings date back to the 17th century and certain later renovations.

Architecture

The hemicycle is on the top floor of the building, with the roof being of modern zinc and glass design. The chamber is encircled by a long curved wooden wall and there is an overhanging press and public gallery. Committee rooms have likewise been updated with modern technology but much of the building remains neoclassical. There is also a cafeteria and reading room for deputies. The four rear wings have administrative functions, including housing the President's offices. There is also  of hanging gardens extending to heights of up to .

History
Towards the end of the 17th century, the site housed the vast mansion of the Maes family on /, which was destroyed in 1695 during the bombardment of Brussels in the War of the Grand Alliance. The remains of the mansion and its lands were bought by the Count of Limminghe, Charles van den Berghe, who held numerous posts of administration in Brussels, being twice the city's burgomaster (later mayor). A year later, in 1696, he built another large, prestigious two-story mansion at the end of an enclosed courtyard with a garden (entered via Saint-Jean/Sint-Jan), which was then sold on to various figures such as Apostolic Nuncio and the then-ambassador to England.

The building was acquired by the state for the first time in 1823 when the Brabant Province and the Dutch State bought it to house the Brabant government and act as the official residence of the local governor. This situation continued after Belgian Independence in 1830. Due to development of the provincial government, however, the building became too small and dilapidated by the end of the 1860s, hence there were successive waves of reconstruction, albeit with a planned design for consistency. The governors residence began to be modified in 1885, and in 1907, the office wing was replaced. Georges Hano, the Ministry of Public Works' then-architect, built a higher wing with direct access to the Rue de Chêne. The different buildings were also interlinked and the facades overlooking the courtyard were unified. The governors' residence was increased one story on the side facing the courtyard and the height was also increased on the building surmounting the porch reconstructed by Hansotte. The new / was opened up by the city at the start of the 20th century and Hano desired to make the presence of the provincial government felt on this new road which his complex now bordered. In 1913, works began on a new building, completed in 1930, in a neo-Louis XVI style with a ceremonial entrance hall and lavish decoration.

In 1995, Brussels was split from Brabant and given its own regional government. The Federal Government gave the building to the Brussels-Capital Region, which in turn gave it to the Brussels Regional Parliament, which was searching for a seat. However, it became apparent that the buildings were unsuited for the role of a parliament, leading to the opening of an architectural competition later that year. The resulting changes made included increasing the height of the wing overlooking the Rue du Lombard in order to erect a new hemicycle on the top floor. This added a large modern roof element to the neoclassical design of the building. Committee rooms were given modern equipment and state rooms were restored. Despite the building's renovation, the original dimensions have been retained. A multipurpose hall was also built beneath a hanging garden to create a link between the building's different sections.

Art
Since being taken over by the Brussels Region, the building has hosted various modern works of art maintained by a commission who purchase the works for the Parliament. The Commission is composed of members of the Parliament Office together with eight external observers from the art world. In 1998, this commission entrusted 11 artists to create works for areas of the building;
 Yasmina Assbane for the floral kerchiefs
 Rudi Bogaerts for the artistic area dedicated to the memory of famous personalities
 Patrick Corillon for the "Three stories of Oskar Serti".
 Paul Day for terracotta high-reliefs
 Wim Delvoye for the "Love letter from Mohammed to Caroline"
 Gilbert Fastenakens for the photos transferred to canvas
 Joseph Kosuth for the illuminated frieze
 Guy Leclercq for the re-mounted canvasses
 Michel Mouffe for a set of mirrors and illuminated blocks
 Richard Venlet for the drawings of the electrical installations
 Julien Willem for the Brussels portrait gallery

See also

 Belgian Federal Parliament (federal assembly - upper and lower houses)
 Flemish Parliament (regional and community assembly)
 Walloon Parliament (regional assembly)
 Parliament of the French Speaking Community (community assembly)
 Parliament of the German Speaking Community (community assembly)
  (COCOF)
 Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie (VGC)

References

Notes

Houses completed in 1696
Office buildings completed in 1907
Buildings and structures completed in 1930
Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
Buildings and structures in Brussels
Legislative buildings in Europe
Tourist attractions in Brussels
City of Brussels
1696 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire

Brussels Parliament building


"Author's rights" is a term frequently used in connection with laws about intellectual property.

The term is considered as a direct translation of the French term droit d'auteur (also German Urheberrecht). It was first (1777) promoted in France by Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, who had close relations with Benjamin Franklin. It is generally used in relation to the copyright laws of civil law countries and in European Union law. Authors' rights are internationally protected by the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and by other similar treaties. "Author" is used in a very wide sense, and includes composers, artists, sculptors and even architects: in general, the author is the person whose creativity led to the protected work being created, although the exact definition varies from country to country.

Authors' rights have two distinct components: the economic rights in the work and the moral rights of the author. The economic rights are a property right which is limited in time and which may be transferred by the author to other people in the same way as any other property (although many countries require that the transfer must be in the form of a written contract). They are intended to allow the author or their holder to profit financially from their creation, and include the right to authorize the reproduction of the work in any form (Article 9, Berne Convention). The authors of dramatic works (plays, etc.) also have the right to authorize the public performance of their works (Article 11, Berne Convention).

The protection of the moral rights of an author is based on the view that a creative work is in some way an expression of the author's personality: the moral rights are therefore personal to the author and cannot be transferred to another person except by testament when the author dies. The moral rights regime differs greatly between countries, but typically includes the right to be identified as the author of the work and the right to object to any distortion or mutilation of the work which would be prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation (Article 6bis, Berne Convention). In many countries, the moral rights of an author are perpetual.

Distinction between common law copyright and civil law authors' rights

It is common to draw a distinction in the treatment of authors and other interested parties between common law jurisdictions and civil law systems. Both copyright and authors' rights arose in the eighteenth century to address similar problems: the inequality in relations between authors and publishers (and between publishers themselves) if intellectual property is not recognized and protected, and the need to provide an income for authors other than patronage. Both systems provide for a monopoly right granted to the author for a limited term which can be transferred to another person, which was initially the right to copy or otherwise reproduce the work (hence "copyright") but has since been expanded to take account of technological developments.

It is an essential feature of authors' rights and of many copyright laws that the object which is protected must arise from the creativity of the author rather than from their simple effort or investment (see Feist v. Rural in the United States): both French and German copyright laws protect "works of the mind" (oeuvres de l'esprit and persönliche geistige Schöpfungen, respectively). This has led civil law systems to adopt a strong link between the rights (at least initially) and the person of the author: the initial ownership rights by a corporation are severely restricted or even impossible (as in Germany). Common law jurisdictions are more willing to accept corporate ownership of copyright, as in the U. S. work for hire principle. Although the following comparison is simplistic and dependent on the exact laws of individual countries, it is difficult to see an effective (economic) difference in the two situations:
Common law: employer owns the copyright in work created by employees
Civil law: employer enjoys an exclusive licence to the economic rights in work created by employees

Civil law systems have also been forceful in protecting the moral rights of authors, arguing that their creativity deserves protection as an integral part of their personality. The protection of the personality in common law jurisdiction has for long been separate from the law of copyright, embodied in such torts as defamation (also passing off and malicious falsehood). Moral rights were not, therefore, explicitly mentioned in UK copyright law until 1988, over a century after the United Kingdom signed the Berne Convention. The difference runs both ways: UK and Irish copyright laws protect the privacy of the subject of certain photographs and films as a moral right under copyright law, while civil law systems treat this as a separate portrait right. The different protections of industrial design rights cut across the divide between the two systems of law.

Use in European Union law
The term "authors' rights" is used in European Union law to avoid ambiguity, in preference to the more usual translation of droit d'auteur etc. as "copyright". The equivalent term in British and Irish law is "copyright (subsisting) in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work"; the term in Maltese and Cypriot law is similar, except that dramatic works are treated as a subset of literary works.

Germany

Under a bill proposed by the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel approved by the Bundestag, Germany infringement of copyright is equivalent to the crime of theft. The prison sentences for violations of copyright, exactly equal to those provided for the theft, are five years in prison and are the strictest in Europe. For the offense may be indicted even children under 18 years. In addition, following the judgment of 20 October 1993 on the case Phil Collins, it was launched Article 12 (in the Treaty establishing the European Community), according to which states cannot discriminate against goods from other countries.

France

Since October 2009, as required under the Creation and Internet law n. 311, High Authority for the dissemination of works and protection of rights on the Internet (HADOPI) may order the ISP (Internet Service Provider), following a process of investigation and a series of warnings, to temporarily or permanently suspend the 'internet access to those who are caught downloading material illegally.

Italy
The Italian copyright law is governed primarily by Law 22 April 1941 n. 633, on "Protection of copyright and other rights associated with its exercise,"  and Article 2575 and following of the Civil Code (Book Five - Title IX: Of Intellectual property rights and on industrial inventions). Article 54 L.218 / 95 states as the proprietary rights are regulated by state law to use, although the advent of the internet complicate the identification of the place where the activity was carried out.

Related (or neighbouring) rights
Related rights (in German verwandte Schutzrechte), often referred to as neighbouring rights as a more direct translation of the French Droit Voisins, are property rights granted to people who are not the "author" of the work in the creative sense of the term. Typically these include performers, producers of phonograms (records, CDs, etc.), producers of films (as opposed to directors or scriptwriters) and broadcasting organisations. Related rights are generally more restricted than authors' rights in civil law countries, although they may be equivalent in common law countries where both fall under the same concept of "copyright". They are not directly covered by the Berne Convention, but are internationally protected by other treaties such as the Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations.

See also

Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers

 WALTIC (Writers' and Literary Translators' International Congress)
 AuthorShare

References
 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works  (from WIPO)
 The infringement of the moral rights of an author is actionable as a breach of statutory duty in the United Kingdom and Ireland: s. 103, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 c. 48; s. 137, Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 (No. 28 of 2000).
 See § 2 Abs. 2 UrhG
 See, e.g., §§ 7, 8, 9 UrhG
 ss. 77–89, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 c. 48.
 Irish and U.S. provisions are: ss. 107–119, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (No. 28 of 2000). 17 U.S.C. §106A "Rights of certain authors to attribution and integrity", inserted by the Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-650, 104 Stat. 5089.
 s. 85, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 c. 48. s. 114, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (No. 28 of 2000).
 See, e.g., "Article 1. Duration of authors' rights", Directive 2006/116/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights.
 reg. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995 No. 3297, ; regs. 3–5, European Communities (Term of Protection of Copyright) Regulations, 1995 (S.I. No. 158 of 1995).
 ss. 2(1), 4(2), Copyright Act, 2000. s. 2(1), Copyright Laws 1976 to 1993.
 Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations  (from WIPO)

Further reading
 French droit d'auteur is defined in the first book of the Code of intellectual property. A good introduction is Droits d'auteur et droits voisins by Xavier Linant de Bellefonds, Dalloz, 2002, 2247047408.

Copyright law

de:Urheberrecht

Authors' rights


The 1st Guides Regiment (, ) was an armoured regiment of the Belgian Army. Previously amalgamated with the 1st Regiment Chasseurs à cheval (2004), in 2011 the regiment was amalgamated with 2/4 Regiment of Chasseurs à cheval to form the "Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Reconnaissance (ISTAR) battalion of the Chasseurs à cheval".

Cavalry regiment
The two historic Guides regiments of the Belgian Army were created respectively in 1833 and 1874. They formed part of the light cavalry and came to correspond to the Guard cavalry of other nations, providing mounted escorts for the monarchy prior to World War I. Both regiments were mechanized in October 1937, subsequently forming armored battalions in the post-war Belgian Army. The mounted tradition survived until 2011 in the form of a pony retained as the regimental mascot, and always named "Colback".

Amalgamations
The modern regiment was formed in 1994 by the amalgamation of the (Francophone) 1er Régiment des Guides and the (Dutch-speaking) 2de Regiment Gidsen, following a reorganization of the army. The amalgamation saw both regiments withdrawn as operational units, with the name of the new unit, together with the combined battle honours of its antecedents, assigned to the Cavalry Training School (L'école de cavalerie/Pantsercavalerieschool).  In addition to this role, the regiment had a reserve role as an armoured regiment, attached to the 17th Mechanised Brigade, which was Belgium's main force stationed in Germany.  This role ended in 2002.

The following year, the regiment was reduced to a single squadron and reactivated as an operational unit. The Eskadron Gidsen was formed as a reconnaissance unit to be attached to the army's Para-Commando Brigade, replacing 3 Regiment Lanciers-Parachutisten.  In 2004, the squadron was merged with the 1st Regiment Jagers te Paard, under the combined regimental title of 1ste Regiment Jagers te Paard/Gidsen.

In 2011 the regiment was again amalgamated with 2/4 Regiment to form the Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Reconnaissance' (ISTAR) battalion of the Chasseurs à cheval".

Battle Honours
 Halen/Haelen, Charge of Burkel, Antwerpen/Anvers, Maldegem, Gete/Gette, Winterbeek, Zelzate, Campagne 1914–1918

Uniform
The two Guides regiments of the Belgian Army wore distinctive uniforms, comprising a plumed busby, green dolman braided in yellow, and crimson breeches, until the early stages of World War I. A modernized green and crimson uniform was introduced for officers' ceremonial dress in the 1930s and is still worn today for the marching and concert attire of the Guides Band.

 Regimental Band

The Royal Band of the Belgian Guides (Groot Harmonieorkest van de Belgische Gidsen'') is an internationally acclaimed premier symphonic band and was formerly the official ceremonial band of the Belgian Guides. The ensemble is composed of 84 musicians, and a trumpet and bugle platoon of 19 players. It still serves as the official military band of the Belgian Land Component, although the regiment of which it formed a part has been disbanded.

By order of King Leopold I of Belgium, the band was formed in 1832 as the Royal Band of the 1st Regiment.  The King commissioned Jean-Valentin Bender (nl) (1801–1873) as its first conductor.  Under the title of "Musique Particulière du Roi," the band played at numerous royal occasions. During the period between the two World Wars, the Band of the Guides achieved an international reputation.

Directors

 1832–1873: Jean-Valentin Bender (nl) (1801–1873)
 1873–1892: Jean-Michel Frédéric Staps (1810–1898)
 1892–1901: Julien-Jean Simar (1852–1903)
 1901–1918: Léon Walpot (nl) (1852–1928)
 1918–1945: Arthur Prévost (nl) (1888–1967)
 1945–1946: René De Ceuninck (1893–1973)
 1946–1948: Franz Wangermée (nl) (1894–1967)
 1948–1957: Simon Poulain (nl) (1906–2004)
 1957–1961: Karel Torfs (nl) (1912–2002)
 1962–1985: Yvon Ducène (nl) (born 1928)
 1985–2003: Norbert Nozy (born 1952)
 2003–2007: François De Ridder (nl) (1951–2007)
 2007–2008: Dirk Acquet
 2008–present: Yves Segers (born 1978)

Notable People
 Wolfgang, the 3rd Duke d'Ursel, Prince of Arche and Charleville, Count of Grobbendonk (1882-1914), died in battle

Affiliations
  - Royal Dragoon Guards

External links
 Régiment Premier Guides

Regiments of Belgium
Military units and formations established in 1994
Military units and formations disestablished in 2011
Organisations based in Belgium with royal patronage

Guides Regiment


The Hall Effect is a
Colombian alternative rock band that formed in Bogotá in 2004. Since 2007 they have found increasing national success, as the singles from their album Aim at me were placed in rotation in numerous national radio networks.

They also begun having a fair amount of international success, having been nominated for the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards Latinoamérica in the category "Best Independent Artist". And on July 28, 2008 were the opening act of the concert Muse in Colombia in the Palacio De Los Deportes. In 2009 and 2010 they began a European tour which took them to the United Kingdom and France.

In 2009, they teamed up with famous producer Phil Manzanera to record their new album.

Discography

Aim at me (2007)

The Hall Effect (2010)

¿Y Por Que No? (2014)

References

External links
 The Hall Effect official website
 {https://www.facebook.com/thehalleffect}
 Documentary featuring Phil Manzanera about the recording of the second LP

Musical groups established in 2004
Colombian rock music groups
Musical groups from Bogotá

The Hall Effect (band)


Diseases from Space is a book published in 1979 that was authored by astronomers Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, where they propose that many of the most common diseases which afflict humanity, such as influenza, the common cold and whooping cough, have their origins in extraterrestrial sources. The two authors argue the case for outer space being the main source for these pathogens or at least their causative agents.

The claim connecting terrestrial disease and extraterrestrial pathogens was rejected by the scientific community.

Overview
Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe spent over 20 years investigating the nature and composition of interstellar dust. Though many hypotheses regarding this dust had been postulated by various astronomers since the middle of the 19th century, all were found to be wanting as and when new data on the gas and dust clouds became available.  Chandra Wickramasinghe proposed the existence of polymeric composition based on the molecule formaldehyde (H2CO).

In 1974 Wickramasinghe first proposed the hypothesis that some dust in interstellar space was largely organic (containing carbon and nitrogen), and followed this up with other research confirming the hypothesis. Wickramasinghe also proposed and confirmed the existence of polymeric compounds based on formaldehyde. Fred Hoyle and Wickramasinghe later proposed the identification of bicyclic aromatic compounds from an analysis of the ultraviolet extinction absorption at 2175A, thus demonstrating the existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in space.

Hoyle and Wickramasinghe went further and speculated that the overall spectroscopic data of cosmic dust and gas clouds also matched those for desiccated bacteria. This led them to conclude that diseases such as influenza and the common cold are incident from space and fall upon the Earth in what they term "pathogenic patches." Hoyle and Wickramasinghe viewed the process of evolution in a manner at variance with the standard Darwinian model. They speculated that genetic material in the form of incoming pathogens from the cosmos provided the mechanism for driving the evolutionary engine. Hoyle died in 2001, and Wickramasinghe still advocates for these views and beliefs.

Scientific consensus
The claim connecting terrestrial disease and extraterrestrial pathogens was rejected and dismissed by the scientific community. On 24 May 2003 The Lancet journal published a letter from Wickramasinghe, jointly signed by Milton Wainwright and Jayant Narlikar, in which they speculate that the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) could be extraterrestrial in origin instead of originating from chickens. The Lancet subsequently published three responses to this letter, showing that the hypothesis was not evidence-based, and casting doubts on the quality of the experiments referenced by Wickramasinghe in his letter.

Publication history
First published in 1979 by J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
Published in 1980 by Harper & Row.
Published in 1981 by Sphere Books Ltd.

See also
 Directed panspermia
 Fringe science
 The Andromeda Strain, a 1969 novel about a disease from space

References

1979 non-fiction books
1979 controversies
Fringe science
Astronomical controversies
Panspermia
Books about diseases
Books about extraterrestrial life
Cosmic dust
Medical controversies
Space medicine
Space research

Diseases from Space


Newtown G.A.A Club is a G.A.A. club to the north east of Newtownmountkennedy, in Ballinahinch in County Wicklow. The club is one of the oldest clubs in the country, being founded in 1887. The club currently has two adult teams, one contesting the Senior League and Championship, one contesting the Junior B League and Championship. There are also numerous underage teams, ranging from Minor (U-18) down to "Super Sevens" (U-8 and younger).

History

Newtown G.A.A Club was founded in 1887. For a time in these early years they were linked with Rathnew and Ashford, but by and large they were on their own. Kiltimon, very close to Newtown, was also very active in the early days, and will be noted in the list of clubs for 1886. The first mention of Newtown was found on the 13 February 1887 when they played Wicklow in Newtown. Newtown was beaten by Ashford 0-5 to 0-1 on 8 May 1887. At this point they were known as O'Connell's.

Newtown have won two Wicklow Senior Football Championships, the first in 1964 and the second in 1975.

The Newtown GAA Senior Football team was formerly sponsored by Paul McShane. The McShane family has a long standing connection to the club. The Newtown GAA Senior Football team is now sponsored by Absolute47, a Boston-based, space-leasing company. The Chief executive officer of Absolute47 is Liam Clancy, a native of Newtownmountkennedy.

Honours
 Wicklow Senior Football Championships: (2) 1964, 1975.
 Keating Cup - Wicklow Senior B Football Championship: (1) 2010.
 Wicklow Intermediate Football Championship: (1) 2003.
 Wicklow Minor Football Championship: (1) 2000.

References

External links
 http://www.newtowngaa.ie/

Gaelic games clubs in County Wicklow
Gaelic football clubs in County Wicklow
Hurling clubs in County Wicklow

Newtown GAA


Phone sex is when two or more people talk about sex over the telephone. The idea of the call is to sexually stimulate the caller by being explicit. All of the people taking part do this voluntarily. Typically, phone sex is used for masturbation. Phone sex  between two people is as old as there are telephone lines, which did not require an operator. It started in the 1930s. Starting with the later 20th century, there are also commercial phone sex lnes, where a sex worker is on one end of the line.

Prostitution

Phone sex


Blackbeard Peak, also spelled Black Beard Peak, is a 7,241-foot (2,207 m) mountain summit in the North Cascades in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located in the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest in Skagit County. It is situated northwest of Rainy Pass, southwest of Porcupine Peak, and southeast of Graybeard Peak. Its nearest higher neighbor is Repulse Peak,  to the west. Blackbeard Peak can be seen from the North Cascades Highway. Precipitation runoff from Blackbeard Peak drains into Granite Creek, a tributary of the Skagit River.

Climate

Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Geology
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.  In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

See also

 Geography of the North Cascades

References

Mountains of Washington (state)
Mountains of Skagit County, Washington
North Cascades
Cascade Range

Blackbeard Peak


The Bob's Burgers Movie is a 2022 American musical comedy movie based on the television series Bob's Burgers created by Loren Bouchard, who co-wrote, co-produced and directed in his feature directorial debut with Bernard Derriman. The original voice cast of the series reprise their roles, including H. Jon Benjamin, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman, Larry Murphy, John Roberts, Kristen Schaal, Zach Galifianakis, and Kevin Kline.

The movie premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on May 17, 2022. It was released on May 27, 2022, by 20th Century Studios in the United States, after almost two years of delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Premise
A ruptured water main creates a sinkhole right in front of Bob's Burgers, blocking the entrance and ruining the Belchers' plans for a successful summer. While Bob and Linda struggle to keep the business afloat, the kids try to solve a mystery that could save their family's restaurant.

2022 movies
American musical comedy movies

The Bob's Burgers Movie


was a rural district located in western Shizuoka, Japan.

As of the end of 2003 (the last data available before its dissolution), the district had an estimated population of 52,485 and a population density of 227.20 persons per km2. Its total area was 231.01 km2.

History
Inasa District was created in the early Meiji cadastral reforms of April 1, 1889, and consisted at the time of two towns (Kito and Kanasashi) and six villages. On April 1, 1896  and Nishi-Hamana Village from  were joined to Inasa District. Nishi-Hamana became a town on May 1, 1922, and was renamed Mikkabi, giving the district three towns and eight villages.

Iitani Village was annexed by Kanasashi, and the town renamed Inasa on April 1, 1953. On April 1, 1955, Kito annexed Nakamura Village and was renamed Hosoe. The remaining villages were consolidated in 1955–1956, with Miyakoda Village going to the city of Hamamatsu, Higahi-Hamada joining Mikkabi Town, Okuyama and Ihei Villages joining with Inasa Town and Aratama Village joining the town of Hamakita in Hamana District.

On July 1, 2005, the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi, along with the cities of Tenryū and Hamakita, the town of Haruno (from Shūchi District), the towns of Misakubo and Sakuma, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Yūtō (both from Hamana District), were merged into the expanded city of Hamamatsu. Inasa District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

External links
Counties of Japan

Former districts of Shizuoka Prefecture

Inasa District, Shizuoka


Sost or Sust () is a village located in the Gojal, Upper Hunza within the Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan. Situated at an elevation of 2,800 meters above sea level, Sost is the last town within Pakistan on the Karakoram Highway before reaching the Chinese border.

This town plays an important role in the transportation of both passengers and cargo because it serves as the gateway for all traffic crossing the Pakistan-China border. The Pakistani immigration and customs departments are based in Sost, making it a pivotal point for border clearance and administrative procedures. Furthermore, Pakistan and China have opened the border at Khunjerab for trade and tourism.

The Silk Route Dry Port commenced its business operations at the port in Sost, Upper Hunza, near the Khunjerab Pass in Gilgit-Baltistan. The annual trade volume between these two countries has seen a significant increase, rising from less than $2 billion in 2002 to $6.9 billion, with an ambitious target of reaching $15 billion by 2014.

Sost Dry Por is the first formal port at the China-Pakistan border. It serves as a critical hub for customs clearance and other necessary formalities for goods moving from the city of Kashgar and the surrounding Xinjiang autonomous region in China to various commercial centers in Pakistan.

The town of Sost is well-connected by the Karakoram Highway, which links it to several towns and cities in both Pakistan and China. To the south, it connects to Gulmit, Aliabad, Gilgit and Chilas while in the north, it provides access to the Chinese cities of Tashkurgan, Upal and Kashgar, thereby enhancing trade and transportation routes in the region.

The Main languages spoken here are Wakhi and Brushki.

Karakoram Highway
The Sost dry port is connected by the Karakoram Highway to Gulmit, Aliabad, Gilgit and Chilas on the south and to the Chinese cities of Tashkurgan, Upal and Kashgar in the north.  The Northern Areas Transport Corporation offers passenger road service between Islamabad, Gilgit and Sost. Passenger road service between Tashkurgan and Sost also exists. Road service between Kashgar and Gilgit (via Tashkurgan and Sost) started in summer 2006. However, the border crossing between China and Pakistan at Khunjerab Pass (the highest border of the world) is open only between April 1 and November 30. Under the protocol agreement signed by Pakistan and Chinese authorities, the border is usually closed on Nov 30 and reopened on April 1 every year.

External links

 Sost Dry Port
 Sust dry port starts functioning

Populated places in Hunza District
China–Pakistan border crossings

Sust


Bridge Mill Farm, also known as Bridge Mill Creamery and Marshall Farm, is a historic home and farm located in East Brandywine Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.  The farm has five contributing buildings and two contributing structures.  They are a 1 1/2-story stone grist mill dated to the late-18th century, three- to four-story banked farmhouse (1842), three level stone barn, Italianate style outhouse (1842), two-story stone and frame carriage house (c. 1890), cistern, and stone arch bridge (1903).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

References

Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Italianate architecture in Pennsylvania
Houses completed in 1842
Houses in Chester County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania

Bridge Mill Farm


Miguel Vicente Esteves Cardoso (born 25 July 1955) is a Portuguese writer, translator, critic and journalist. He is a well-known monarchist.

Early life
Cardoso was born in an upper middle class family in Lisbon. His father, Joaquim Carlos Esteves Cardoso (1920 – 4 July 1994), was Portuguese and his mother (m. 1954), Hazel Diana Smith, was English. He had a good education and the advantage of a bilingual and bicultural upbringing, helping him to develop an outsider's detachment from the culture of his birth country. In 1979, he graduated from Manchester University in political studies and four years later, in 1983, he received his doctorate in Political Philosophy. While there he made contact with some of the new wave bands of Factory Records including Joy Division and New Order, and arranged for the recording of the Durutti Column album Amigos em Portugal as well as providing its cover art.

He married for the first time on 21 January 1981 and shortly after became the father of twin girls, socialites Sara and Tristana Esteves Cardoso, born in Lisbon. One year later he returned to Portugal, where he worked as an assisting investigator for the Social Studies Institute on the Lisbon University. He later became a supporting teacher of political sociology for ISCTE and then returned to Manchester University to work on his post-doctorate in Political Philosophy oriented by Derek Parfit and Joseph Raz.

Writing and music career
Esteves Cardoso began writing freelance reviews of popular music for newspapers, among them Se7e, O Jornal, JL - Jornal de Letras, Artes e Ideias and Música & Som.  Eventually, he co-founded (with Pedro Ayres Magalhães, Ricardo Camacho e Francisco Sande e Castro) Portugal's first independent record label called Fundação Atlântica, which would publish Portuguese bands such as Xutos e Pontapés, Delfins, and Sétima Legião. Esteves Cardoso was the author or co-author  of many programs for the station Rádio Comercial including Tópico de Dança and Aqui Rádio Silêncio. Esteves Cardoso soon began to appear on television, gaining notice for his intellectual look mixed with irreverent humor. One of his more notable and controversial appearances was on the SIC channel talk-show A Noite da Má-Língua along with Manuel Serrão, Rui Zink, Rita Blanco, Júlia Pinheiro and other guests.

Esteves Cardoso began his career as a journalist when he started contributing a column to the weekly paper Expresso, later collected and published in four volumes, all of which sold over 100,000 copies and are still in print. In 1988, with Paulo Portas, he founded the very successful and innovative weekly paper O Independente but he left the board in 1991 to dedicate his time to the magazine K, financed by Valentim de Carvalho, SOCI and later also by Carlos Barbosa.

After the demise of K, Esteves Cardoso returned to literature. His first novel O Amor é Fodido sold well, perhaps in part due to the obscene title ("Love is Fucked"). His second and third novels, A Vida Inteira and O Cemitério de Raparigas, were well received and are still in print.

In 1997 he married for the second time, to Maria João Pinheiro, a former model and weather presenter.

He continued to write essays for  O Independente (which published its last number in September 2006) and Diário de Notícias. Between 1999 and 2002, he wrote in his blog named Pastilhas. In January 2006 he returned to the weekly paper Expresso and in November 2006 published his most recent collection, A Minha Andorinha.

On 13 February 2009 he welcomed his first grandchild, António Cardoso Coutinho, born in Lisbon, a natural son of his daughter Tristana by Bruno Coutinho.

Bibliography

Collected reviews and columns
 Escrítica Pop  (1982)
 A Causa das Coisas  (1986)
 Os Meus Problemas  (1988)
 As Minhas Aventuras na República Portuguesa  (1990)
 Último Volume  (1991)
 Explicações de Português  (2001)
 A Minha Andorinha  (2006)

 Lorelei
 O Musical

Novels
 O Amor é Fodido  (1994)
 A Vida Inteira  (1995)
 Cemitério de Raparigas  (1996)

 These volumes collected his Expresso columns.

References

External links
 Review of El amor es jodido, in Spanish
 Miguel Esteves Cardoso in a Portuguese Genealogical site

1955 births
Living people
Writers from Lisbon
Portuguese literature
Portuguese male writers
Portuguese journalists
Portuguese male journalists
Portuguese translators
Portuguese satirists
Portuguese monarchists
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Portuguese people of English descent

Miguel Esteves Cardoso