Matthias W. Day (August 8, 1853 – September 12, 1927) was a career American army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military decoration, for his actions during the American Indian Wars in the latter half of the 19th century. Day was a longtime officer with the African-American 9th Cavalry Regiment, seeing action during the Apache Wars against the Apache leaders Victorio and Geronimo.

Day later achieved fame as a marksman while participating in the U.S. Army's annual rifle marksmanship contest, and served in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. He eventually rose to the rank of colonel and served as the commander of his old unit, the 9th Cavalry.

West Point
Matthias Walter Day was the second of seven children of Mathias Day (the founder of Daytona Beach, Florida) and Mary Blymyer, both native Ohioans. He was accepted to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1873. A graduate of the class of 1877 alongside Henry Ossian Flipper, the first African-American to graduate from West Point, Day was popular with his classmates, but was "ranked close enough to the bottom to be assigned to a black regiment".

Day was not assigned to the 9th Cavalry Regiment until August 1878. The 9th Cavalry was one of four African-American regiments which became known as the "Buffalo Soldiers". Day was ordered to El Paso, Texas, where he assumed command of A Troop.

Service in the American Indian Wars
In 1879, Day and his troop were transferred west to New Mexico where they joined the rest of the regiment. After the Apache chief Victorio launched two successful raids on 9th Cavalry outposts near the Warm Springs Reservation after he left the San Carlos Reservation on August 21, the rest of the regiment was mobilized to go after him, marking the beginning of the Victorio Campaign.

On the morning of September 18, Day, along with Captain Byron Dawson and twenty-two men of Troops A and B together with three Navajo Scouts, were following Victorio's trail through Las Animas Canyon in New Mexico. Here, they fell into an ambush, with the Apache above them on three sides of the canyon pinning them down with rifle fire. They were subsequently reinforced by two companies led by Captain Charles Beyer, which made contact with them but were unable to drive the Apaches from their positions.

By the end of the day, the trapped troopers were running low on ammunition. His own ammunition supply running short, Beyer ordered a withdrawal and had Dawson withdraw his men under covering fire to avoid encirclement. Day noticed two wounded men caught out in the open some distance from their position, exposed to enemy fire and unable to move. Assisted by Sergeant John Denny, who helped support one man, Day carried the other on his back through "a hail of bullets so thick it seemed 'no one could pass this open rocky space alive'" to safety.

Despite his heroism, Captain Beyer was furious with Day for disobeying orders and his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Nathan Dudley, wanted to court-martial him. However, Day was later cleared by a board of inquiry and subsequently received the Medal of Honor on May 7, 1890. John Denny and Second Lieutenant Robert Temple Emmet, who like Day had graduated from West Point in 1877, also received the Medal of Honor for their actions at Las Animas Canyon.

Following Las Animas Canyon, the 9th Cavalry continued its pursuit of Victorio, but he was able to escape across the Mexican border. Taking a break from campaigning, Day was married on Thanksgiving Day, 1879, to Emilia Schultz, his wedding attended by Governor Lew Wallace. He resumed campaigning against Victorio in 1880, but apart from two actions in which he was involved in the early part of the year, served as a staff adjutant and later returned to command of A Troop, seeing little action. Victorio was later killed by Mexican forces in October.

In late 1881, the 9th Cavalry was transferred to the Southern Plains. Day was promoted to first lieutenant in 1884 and assigned to I Troop, which was stationed at Fort Reno near present-day Oklahoma City. The troop was responsible for removing white settlers known as "Boomers" from the Unassigned Lands located in the middle of what is now the state of Oklahoma. During this time, Day became something of a celebrity through his skill as a marksman by winning the annual rifle marksmanship contest for the U.S. Army's Division of the Missouri. He also captained the team which represented the Division of the Missouri in competition against opposing teams from the Divisions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and artillery. The team won the long-distance target shooting competition and Day himself was acknowledged to be "'the best skirmisher'" when involved in a competition that involved "shooting at targets under conditions 'that were an approximation to actual service'".

In early 1885, the 9th Cavalry was reposted to Wyoming and Nebraska. Day volunteered for service with the Apache scouts when he learned that the army was in need of officers with desert experience. He participated in a lengthy, strenuous pursuit of Geronimo later in the year that engaged the Apache leader twice and nearly captured him once. Day was eventually reassigned to the 9th Cavalry and served as its regimental quartermaster, a position that he held after the close of the Indian Wars in 1890.

Later career

From 1891 to 1895, Day was professor of Military Science and Tactics at Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio.

After the United States declared war on Spain on April 21, 1898, Captain Day was commissioned a lieutenant colonel of volunteers and assigned to command the 1st Ohio Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, which had been reactivated after being mustered out at the end of the American Civil War. The 1st Ohio was a part of the Second Cavalry Brigade which included among its regiments the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, better known as the Rough Riders.

The 1st Ohio reported to Port Tampa, Florida on July 12, for transportation to Cuba, but its sailing was delayed due to a shortage of transports and as a result, the regiment did not see action in the Spanish–American War. Day however, later saw action in the Philippines against the Moros. After postings to various units, he served as the colonel of his old unit, the 9th Cavalry, for a year before retiring from the army in 1912.

Day died on September 12, 1927, in Los Angeles, California. He is buried in the San Francisco National Cemetery.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Second Lieutenant, 9th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Las Animas Canyon, N. Mex., September 18, 1879. Entered service at: Oberlin, Ohio. Birth: Mansfield, Ohio. Date of issue: May 7, 1890.

Citation:

Advanced alone into the enemy's lines and carried off a wounded soldier of his command under a hot fire and after he had been ordered to retreat.

See also

 List of Medal of Honor recipients
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

Notes

References

1853 births
1927 deaths
American people of the Indian Wars
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Mansfield, Ohio
United States Army officers
United States Military Academy alumni
University of Mount Union faculty
American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at San Francisco National Cemetery

Matthias W. Day


Madness, Love and Mysticism is an album of contemporary classical music by American composer John Zorn released in 2001 on the Tzadik label.

Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4½ stars noting that "The work is full of sad, frenetic beauty and pathos. Ultimately, Zorn has proved all the critics wrong; he is not merely "dabbling" in classical music. In fact, as this trio of selections proves, he is out to take it over for good. Let's hope he succeeds".

Writing for Pitchfork Media, Dominique Leone stated "Madness, Love and Mysticism is Zorn playing roots music. That is, after years of forging his own path (albeit one very informed by an interesting mix of influences), he's coming home, into the arms of Grandpa Messiaen and Uncle Cage... Diehard Zorn fans may find this album something of a breath of fresh air, if only to combat his recent stale surf-rock or his long line of Masada-branded products. As his classical compositions go, these are some of the most interesting, and it would seem he's slowly beginning to transcend his influences".

Track listing
All compositions by John Zorn.
 "Le Mômo" - 16:21
 "Untitled" - 15:28
 "Amour Fou" - 20:15

Personnel
 Jennifer Choi - violin (tracks 1 & 3)
 Stephen Drury - piano (tracks 1 & 3)
 Erik Friedlander - cello (tracks 2 & 3)

References

2001 albums
Albums produced by John Zorn
John Zorn albums
Tzadik Records albums

Madness, Love and Mysticism


Edwin Sandys (; 1519 – 10 July 1588) was an English prelate.
He was Anglican Bishop of Worcester (1559–1570), London (1570–1576) and Archbishop of York (1576–1588) during the reign of Elizabeth I of England. He was one of the translators of the Bishops' Bible.

Early years and education
Edwin was born in 1519 at Esthwaite Hall, which is 1 mile south of Hawkshead, Cumbria, on the road to Newby Bridge. The Hall nestles in the valley and overlooks Esthwaite Water. Today it is still a family home, although the Sandys family now reside in the grander Graythwaite Hall, a few miles further south. He was the son of William Sandys and Margaret Dixon.

Whilst there is a theory that young Edwin received his early education at Furness Abbey, it is believed by Collinson that both Edmund Grindal and Edwin Sandys shared a childhood, quite probably in St Bees, and were educated together. A branch of the Sandys family lived at Rottington Hall near St Bees. The heralds in 1563 knew the family as"...of St Bees in the County of Cumberland", and Sandys himself recalled that he and Grindal had lived "familiarly" and "as brothers" and were only separated between Sandys's 13th and 18th Years. The St Bees registers are full of Sandys, and it thought likely that Sandys grew up at Rottington. However, his place of education is not recorded, though it is known that the Marian martyr John Bland was the schoolmaster of Sandys. Edwin Sandys kept one step behind Edmund Grindal in his subsequent career, succeeding him as bishop of London, and then archbishop of York.

He went up to St John's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1539 and then a Doctor of Divinity ten years later. In 1547 he was elected master of Catharine Hall and by the death of Edward VI in 1553 he was Vice Chancellor of the university.

Exile
On the death of King Edward, the Duke of Northumberland sought to avoid a Roman Catholic monarchy by placing Lady Jane Grey on the throne. He and his followers arrived in Cambridge to raise an army in East Anglia and demanded that Edwin Sandys preach a sermon. When the rebellion failed and Mary Tudor took the throne, Edwin was arrested and taken to the Tower of London. For this he is mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Later he was moved to more comfortable conditions in Marshalsea prison where he made friends with the prison keeper who connived at his escape.

He went first to Antwerp and then Augsburg and Strasbourg where his wife joined him. His wife and infant son died there of a plague. He then lived in Zurich until the accession of Elizabeth I made it safe for him to return to England; on the day of Elizabeth's coronation. On 19 February 1559 he married Cicely Wilford, sister of James Wilford.

Archbishop of York
On his return he became successively Bishop of Worcester, Bishop of London and Archbishop of York. He helped in the translation of a new version of the Bishops' Bible. Sandys's own personal copy may be seen in the Hawkshead Grammar School Museum in Cumbria.

Along with other Marian exiles, who returned to positions of wealth and importance, Archbishop Sandys was concerned that true religion and sound learning would forever flourish in the land. They saw the necessity of education for religion's sake and the need for the Church of England to hold their own in discussion with Roman Catholics. To these ends Edwin Sandys founded Hawkshead Grammar School in 1585 and endowed it with sufficient land and property for it to offer a free education.

Sandys died on 10 July 1588, and was buried in Southwell Minster in Nottinghamshire.

Family

Sandys was twice married. His first wife, Mary Sandys, died in 1558 at Strasbourg. They had one son:
 James Sandys (died 1557, Strasbourg)

On 19 February 1559, Sandys married Cicely Wilford, daughter of Thomas Wilford and sister of James Wilford. They had the following children:
 Sir Samuel Sandys  (1560–1623)
 Sir Edwin Sandys  (1561–1629), Treasurer of the Virginia Company of London
 Sir Miles Sandys  (1563–1645)
 William Sandys (born 1565), died young
 Margaret Sandys (1566–1611), married Anthony Aucher
 Thomas Sandys (1568–), colonist, a first settler of Jamestown, Virginia
 Anne Sandys (1570–), married Sir William Barne
 Henry Sandys (1572–1626)
 George Sandys (1578–1644), traveller and poet, colonist in Virginia

In 1604 Cicely Sandys enlisted the support of Anne of Denmark in an unsuccessful attempt to found a university at Ripon in Yorkshire.

References

External links

1519 births
1588 deaths
Bishops of London
Bishops of Worcester
Archbishops of York
16th-century Church of England bishops
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Doctors of Divinity
Masters of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
Marian exiles
16th-century translators
People from St Bees
People from Hawkshead
16th-century Anglican theologians

Edwin Sandys (bishop)


The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is an American three-engine medium- to long-range widebody airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. The model was a successor to the company's DC-8 for long-range operations, and competed in the same markets as the Airbus A300, Boeing 747, and Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, which has a similar layout to the DC-10.

Production of the DC-10 ended in December 1988 with 386 delivered to airlines and 60 to the U.S. Air Force as air-to-air refueling tankers, designated the KC-10 Extender. The DC-10 was succeeded by the related McDonnell Douglas MD-11 which entered service in 1990.

Development

Douglas Aircraft began design studies based on its CX-HLS design. In 1966, American Airlines offered a specification to manufacturers for a widebody aircraft smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways. The DC-10 became McDonnell Douglas's first commercial airliner after the merger between McDonnell Aircraft Corporation and Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967.  The DC-10 was first ordered by launch customers American Airlines with 25 orders, and United Airlines with 30 orders and 30 options in 1968. The DC-10, a series 10 model, made its first flight on August 29, 1970.  Following a flight test program with 929 flights covering 1,551 hours, the DC-10 was awarded a type certificate from the FAA on July 29, 1971. It entered commercial service with American Airlines on August 5, 1971 on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago. United Airlines began DC-10 service on August 16, 1971.[6] The DC-10's similarity to the L-1011 in terms of passenger capacity and launch in the same time frame resulted in a head to head sales competition which affected profitability of the aircraft.

Accidents and Problems
The DC-10 had design flaws and had a poor safety record in its early years. But later, the design flaws were improved, and the DC-10 became much safer. The following accidents are some of those which have occurred since 1972.

 June 12, 1972 - American Airlines Flight 96, bound from Detroit to Buffalo and then to LaGuardia Airport, experienced an explosive decompression in flight. The cause was a poorly-designed rear cargo door. The crew managed to land the plane safely back in Detroit.
 November 3, 1973 - National Airlines Flight 27, en route from New Mexico. The right engine exploded. Of the 128 on board, one passenger died.
 March 3, 1974 - Turkish Airlines Flight 981, bound from Paris to London and carrying 346 passengers and crew, crashed nine minutes after takeoff, killing everyone onboard. The cause was the same as that of American Flight 96.
 November 12, 1975, Overseas National Airways flight 032. During taking off in John F Kennedy Airport, a bird strike occurs. All 129 on board survive.
 May 25, 1979 - American Airlines Flight 191 crashed during takeoff near O'Hare International Airport while bound for Los Angeles. All 271 people on board and 2 on the ground were killed; this remains the worst plane crash in America. Engine No. 1 separated from the plane while on takeoff roll. The cause of the crash was due to a maintenance error and a design flaw with the engine's pylon. All DC-10s worldwide were grounded until modifications were made.
 October 31, 1979 - Western Airlines Flight 2605 collided with the construction gears and crashed at Mexico City Airport. Killed 72 of 88 people on board. Airport bus driver is also killed in crash.
 November 28, 1979 - Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed into Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica during a sightseeing flight over the continent, killing all 257 on board. It is the deadliest air disaster in Air New Zealand history. The accident was caused by the flight coordinates being altered without the flight crew's knowledge, combined with unique Antarctic weather.
 January 23, 1982 - World Airways Flight 30 overran the runway at Boston Logan International Airport. All 12 crew survived, but two of the 200 passengers were never found.
 September 13, 1982 - Spantax Flight 995 was destroyed by fire after an aborted take-off at Málaga, Spain. Of the 394 People On Board, 50 passengers were killed and 110 injured due to the flames.
 December 3, 1983 - Korean Air Flight 084 collides with SouthCentral Air Flight 59 at Anchorage International Airport. But everyone on both aircraft survived.
 July 19, 1989 - United Airlines Flight 232 crashed at Sioux Gateway Airport killing 111 of 296 people. The cause: Engine 2 failed with destruction of the hydraulic systems.
 July 27, 1989 - Korean Air Flight 803 crashed short of the runway in bad weather while trying to land at Tripoli, Libya. 75 of the 199 on board plus another 4 people on the ground were killed in the accident.
 September 19, 1989 - UTA Flight 772 crashed in the Ténéré Desert in Niger following an in-flight bomb explosion, claiming the lives of all 170 on board. The cause: Terrorist bomb exploded.
 December 21, 1992 - Martin Air Flight 495 crashed while landing in bad weather at Faro, Portugal. Of the 340 people on board, 54 passengers and crew were killed. The cause: Windshear.
 June 13, 1996 -  Garuda Indonesia Flight 865 had just taken off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, when a high-pressure blade from the right engine separated. The aircraft was just a few feet above the runway, and the pilot decided to abort the takeoff. Consequently, the DC-10 skidded off the runway and came to a halt 1,600 ft (490 m) past it, losing one of its engines and its landing gear. Three passengers perished in the accident.
 January 31, 2001 - Japan Airlines Flight 958  Almost Mid-Air Collision in 2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident. But everyone on board survived.

References

Civil aircraft

McDonnell Douglas DC-10


È noto per il suo lavoro pionieristico sugli ecosistemi e per il suo provocatorio approccio alla termodinamica, improntato alla teoria dei sistemi.

Libri
 2007, Environment, Power and Society for the Twenty-First Century: The Hierarchy of Energy, with Mark T. Brown, Columbia University Press.
 2001, A Prosperous Way Down: Principles and Policies, with Elisabeth C. Odum, University Press of Colorado.
 2000, with E.C. Odum, Modeling for all Scales: An introduction to System Simulation, Academic Press.
 1999, Heavy Metals in the Environment: Using Wetlands for Their Removal.
 1999, Biosphere 2 : Research, Past and Present, with Bruno D. V. Marino.
 1996, Environmental Accounting: EMERGY and environmental decision making.
 1993, Ecological Microcosms, with Michael J. Beyers.
 1984, Cypress Swamps with Katherine C. Ewel.
 1983, Systems Ecology : an Introduction.
 1981, Energy Basis for Man and Nature, with Elisabeth C. Odum.
 1970, with Robert F. Pigeon (eds), A Tropical Rain Forest; a Study of Irradiation and Ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico, United States Atomic Energy Commission, National Technical information service.
 1971, Environment, Power and Society, 1971
 1967, (ed.)  Work Circuits and System Stress, in Young, Symposium on Primary Productivity and Mineral Cycling, University of Maine Press.
 1953, 'Fundamentals of Ecology, with Eugene P. Odum, (first edition).

Articoli
 1998, eMergy Evaluation, paper presented at the International Workshop on Advances in Energy Studies: Energy flows in ecology and economy, Porto Venere, Italy, May 27.
 1997, EMERGY Evaluation and Transformity, in Kreith ed. CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering.
 1991, Emergy and Biogeochemical Cycles, in Rossi & Tiezzi ed Physical Chemistry.
 1989, Emergy and Evolution, In 33rd Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences, UK.
 1989, Comments and thanks to Students and Associates, Handout on the Occasion of the Celebration in Chapel Hill, N.C, in: "Advances in Understanding Ecological Systems", August 31-September, 2.
 1984, Embodied Energy and the Welfare of Nations, Jansson ed, Integration o Economy and Ecology.
 1977, The ecosystem, energy, and human values, in: Zygon, Volume 12 Issue 2 Page 109-133.
 1975, Energy Quality and Carrying Capacity of the Earth, response at prize awarding ceremony of Institute La Vie, Paris.
 1973, Energy, ecology and economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science. in: AMBIO, 2 (6), 220-227.
 1963, with W.L. Slier, R.J. Beyers & N. Armstrong, Experiments with engineering of marine ecosystems, in: Publ. Inst. Marine Sci. Univ. Tex. 9:374-403.
 1963, Limits of remote ecosystems containing man, in: The American Biology Teacher. 25 (6): 429-443.
 1960a, Ecological potential and analog circuits for the ecosystem, in: Amer. Sci. 48:1-8.
 1960b, Ten classroom sessions in ecology in: The American Biology Teacher. 22 (2): 71-78.
 1958, with C.M. Hoskin, Comparative studies of the metabolism of Texas bays, in: Publ. Inst. March Sci., Univ. tex., 5:16-46.
 1955, with E.P. Odum, Trophic structure and productivity of a winward coral reef community on Eniwetok Atoll, in: Ecological Monographs. 35, 291-320.
 1950, The Biogeochemistry of Strontium: With Discussion on the Ecological Integration of Elements, A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Howard T. Odum


Sport Lisboa e Benfica "B" (, commonly known as Benfica B, is a Portuguese professional football team based in Seixal. Founded in 1999, dissolved in 2006, and restarted in 2012, it is the reserve team of Portuguese club S.L. Benfica. They play in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Benfica Campus' main pitch.

During the 2012–13 season, Benfica B played home matches at the Estádio da Luz until February, when they moved to Estádio da Tapadinha to prevent excessive wear of the stadium's grass. In 2013–14, they permanently moved to their own training ground, capable of receiving professional league matches.

As a reserve team, Benfica B cannot play in the same division as the club's main team, thus being ineligible for promotion to the Primeira Liga. Moreover, they cannot enter domestic cup competitions such as the Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga.

Since 2018–19, Benfica have an under-23 team playing in Liga Revelação, a competition for players who left the under-19s but who are not ready to join or regularly play for the first-team.

History
As Benfica sought a way to provide playing time for their youth and reserve players, they created a B team in 1999. The team officially started competing in the 1999–2000 season, with their first match played away against Portimonense S.C. (2–2) in late August. After three seasons in the Portuguese Second Division, they suffered relegation to the Terceira Divisão, where they would spend three years, before achieving promotion to the Portuguese Second Division in 2005. In May of the following year, the board of directors extinguished the side, which returned to activity shortly after as part of the Liga Intercalar. As part of this competition, the team's best league finish was a second place, behind Estoril B, in the South Zone of the 2010–11 season.

Before the end of the 2011–12 football season in Portugal, seven Primeira Liga clubs announced their interest in creating a reserve team to fill the six vacancies available in the Segunda Liga (now Liga Portugal 2) for the 2012–13 campaign. Of those seven clubs, six were selected to take part in the competition: Benfica, Braga, Marítimo, Porto, Sporting CP and Vitória de Guimarães.

LPFP, who organize the professional football tiers in Portugal, announced that the clubs would have to pay €50,000 to register themselves at the league in order to compete in the upcoming season. In addition, LPFP also required them to follow new rules regarding player selection, in which each B team must have a squad with a minimum of ten players formed at the club's academy and with an age between 15 and 21 years, and a maximum of three players above 23 years old. LPFP also decided that reserve teams are unable to compete in cup competitions and to gain promotion to the Primeira Liga due to the possibility of playing against their club's first team.

In late May 2012, it was officially announced that the B teams of six Primeira Liga clubs would compete in the 2012–13 Segunda Liga, a decision that increased the number of teams from 16 to 22 and the number of matches from 30 to 42.

In 2014, Benfica B were invited to play in the first Premier League International Cup. On 29 May 2015, they played a friendly against F.C. United of Manchester in Broadhurst Park's official opening match. On 26 May 2019, they played a practice match against Liverpool in Marbella, Spain, five days before the latter's Champions League final.

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Coaching staff
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head coach
| Nélson Veríssimo
|-
| Assistant coaches
| Marco PimentaJorge Cordeiro
|-
| Goalkeeper coach
| Paulo Marques
|-
| Analyst coach
| Pedro Pitacas
|-
| Analyst assistant coach
| Rúben Damazio
|-
| Personal trainers (Benfica LAB)
| Tiago VazDuarte Carvalho

Records and statistics

Season-to-season record

Managerial statistics
As of match played 27 May 2023. Only competitive matches are counted, including those in the Premier League International Cup.

Honours
Terceira Divisão
 Winners: 2004–05

Under-23s current squad

Coaching staff
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head coach
| Paulo Lopes
|-
| Assistant coaches
| Pedro ValidoPaulo Mateus
|-
| Goalkeeper coach
| Gonçalo Reduto
|-
| Analyst coach
| Rodolfo Fernandes
|-
| Analyst assistant coach
| José Marques
|-
| Personal trainers (Benfica LAB)
| Luke Garcia

Notes

References

External links

 S.L. Benfica B at LPFP

S.L. Benfica
1999 establishments in Portugal
Association football clubs established in 1999
Association football clubs disestablished in 2006
2012 establishments in Portugal
Association football clubs established in 2012
Portuguese reserve football teams
Liga Portugal 2 clubs
Premier League International Cup

S.L. Benfica B


The Liberty/Paramount Theatre was an early movie palace located on West Federal Street and Hazel Avenue in Youngstown, Ohio.

Designed by Detroit architect C. Howard Crane, the theatre opened as the Liberty Theatre on February 11, 1918. The auditorium originally seated 1700 patrons. The exterior has extensive terra cotta ornamentation, with swags and pilasters. The exterior is an example of the late Neo-classical style popularized by the Ecole des Beaux Arts. The theatre opened as a vaudeville house, and the original operators were C.W. Diebel Associates.

In 1922 the McCrory Group acquired 60% of the stock for $209,000. In 1929 Paramount Pictures Corporation purchased the theatre and renamed it the Paramount Theatre. The company spent $200,000 modernizing the building and installing a sound system so the theatre could present the popular new talkies.  In 1933 Paramount Pictures went into receivership, but movies by then became the staple of entertainment for the American public. The theatre survived and prospered until the 1960s when, as with so many American cities during that period, the central area of Youngstown went into a sharp decline.

The final movie screened was a Bill Cosby film, Let's Do it Again, in 1976. The theatre was then closed and the building fell into disrepair. Several attempts were made to revive it, but all failed. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1984, as building #84003776. Ohio One purchased the property 1985 for $26,800. In 1997 Ohio One sold the property on a land contract to Manhattan Theatre Proprietorship. Although the group had the best of intentions, there was no financial plan that could be implemented. On April 21, 2006 Ohio One sold the theatre to Liberty/Paramount Theatre Youngstown, LLC, an investment group led by Grande Venues, Inc.  (Mike Novelli, Paul Warshauer and Jon Tharnstrom) of Wheaton, Illinois and USA Parking of Cleveland, (Lou Frangos). The development plan was to restore the theatre on the first floor for theatre and musical events, create a restaurant and cabaret bar in the basement and to create two movie theatres in the balcony. The plan to restore the theatre fell through. It has since been purchased by the city and is slated for demolition.

In July 2011, the city of Youngstown received a $803,490 grant for demolition of the theater. The preservation of the facade would have cost an additional $1 million, with no guarantee of success. So, after years of neglect and unrealized attempts at preservation, demolition of the Liberty Theater began in early July 2013. Preliminary work began July 1, with demolition beginning on July 8. Baumann Enterprises Inc. was hired for the $721,000 demolition project. The site is slated to become a parking lot.

References

External links

Page for Liberty Theatre at the Cinema Treasures website
2011 Photos of The Liberty/Paramount Theater by Matt Lambros

Cinemas and movie theaters in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Youngstown, Ohio
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Mahoning County, Ohio
Demolished buildings and structures in Ohio
Buildings and structures demolished in 2013

Liberty/Paramount Theatre


The Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation is a Roman Catholic basilica  located in Carey, Ohio in the United States of America and is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Consolation. The Marian shrine is administered by the Order of Saint Francis and is designated as National shrine by the Holy Office.

Pope Paul VI raised the Marian shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical decree Quam Prope Assit on 21 October 1971. The decree was signed and notarized by the Dean of the College of Cardinals and Grand Chancellor of the Apostolic Briefs, Cardinal Luigi Traglia.

Significance

One of the five Roman Catholic basilicas in Ohio, it is one of some 60 basilicas in the United States.  It is the site of an annual pilgrimage of Roman Catholics (primarily from the Middle East) to mark the Feast of the Assumption of Mary, celebrated 15 August of every year.  The basilica is designated as a shrine to Our Lady of Consolation.

History
Devotion to Our Lady of Consolation spread to the United States, where the first shrine was built in Carey, Ohio. A statue was commissioned and arrived from Luxembourg in 1875, where a former devotion was already well established.

The first Archbishop of Toledo, Joseph Schrembs invited the Conventual Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception Province in Syracuse, New York to take charge of the shrine.

In 1923, Ku Klux Klan members held a counter demonstration to the annual procession of the eve of the Feast of the Assumption, but ended holding a gathering on the outskirts of town.

Basilica and shrine complex

The shrine complex includes the basilica, the original 1875 wooden parish church, the parish school, a rectory housing the pastor and other Franciscan priests, a provincial house which houses Franciscan friars, a convent for resident and visiting nuns, a retreat center providing lodgings for lay and religious pilgrims, a gift shop, and a cafeteria.

Original church

The original parish church, the first church in Carey, began construction in 1868, under the direction of Father Edward Vatmann, pastor of St. Michael's in Findlay, Ohio. At its dedication, it was given the name of St. Edward. In 1873 Father Joseph Peter Gloden, pastor of the church of St. Nicholas, Frenchtown, came to serve the parish.  The people of Carey worked to support the church's construction and prayed to Mary under the title of Our Lady of Consolation. The congregation renamed the church in her honor upon its completion.

Father Gloden, a native of Luxembourg, obtained a replica of the statue of Our Lady of Consolation venerated in the Cathedral of Luxembourg. The wooden statue, thirty-six inches high, depicted Mary holding the infant Christ with mother and child dressed in ornate garments. On May 24, 1875, the statue of Our Lady of Consolation was carried in procession to the church, from the church of St. Nicholas, in Frenchtown, some seven miles away. It is claimed that the first miraculous event occurred during this procession.  As the procession marched, a severe storm raged in the entire area. Throughout the seven-mile walk, not a drop of rain touched the statue nor anyone in the procession.

The original parish church remains today and still sees daily use for early morning Mass, as well as for special programs and devotions.

Basilica

The increasing number of pilgrims necessitated a bigger church. In 1924 construction of the red-brick Romanesque church was finished.
The present Byzantine-style basilica is located at the corner of Clay & West streets.  The main floor contains the narthex, the sanctuary, and the altar which maintains its pre-Vatican II configuration, separating the celebrant from the congregation by an altar rail and providing religious statuary and votive candles in alcoves along both sides of the sanctuary.  A choir loft containing the basilica's pipe organ is located above the narthex overlooking the sanctuary. The statue of Our Lady of Consolation is at the right side altar; the opposite side altar is dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows.

A second sanctuary is located in the basement, along with confessionals for the sacrament of reconciliation.  Along the sides of the basement sanctuary, display cases show the various items cast off by those reportedly healed, including artificial limbs, canes, and crutches.

Shrine Park

The nearby Shrine Park is the site of a set of Stations of the Cross that stretches nearly a mile along the park's winding perimeter road, encircling an outdoor altar situated under a large dome supported by four marble columns.  The dome is finished in gold and supports a statue at its apex of the Blessed Virgin Mary which can be seen from miles away.  Shrine Park serves as the destination for the religious procession from the basilica on the Feast of the Assumption.

Our Lady of Consolation

Starting in the second century, Catholics venerated Mary as Our Lady of Consolation, one of her earliest titles of honor. The title of Our Lady of Consolation, or Mary, Consoler of the Afflicted, comes from the Latin Consolatrix Afflictorum. It is found in the Litany of Loreto. Immigrants from Europe fostered the veneration of Our Lady of Consolation within the United States.

Feast day
The feast of Our Lady of Consolation is one of the solemnities not inscribed in the General Roman Calendar, but which are observed in particular places, regions, churches or religious institutes. Augustinians observe September 4; the Benedictines July 5.

See also
 List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo

References

External links

 Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation official website

Our Lady of Consolation, Basilica and National Shrine of
Buildings and structures in Wyandot County, Ohio
Our Lady of Consolation, Basilica and National Shrine of
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Our Lady of Consolation, Basilica and National Shrine of
Our Lady of Consolation, Basilica and National Shrine of
Tourist attractions in Wyandot County, Ohio


Sir William John Haley, KCMG (24 May 1901 – 6 September 1987) was a British newspaper editor and broadcasting administrator.

Biography
Haley grew up on the island of Jersey and attended Victoria College. In 1918 he began to study journalism, and in 1921 he secured his first newspaper employment at The Times, eventually being stationed in Brussels.

Early in his career on the Manchester Evening News, Haley was found to be too shy to work as a reporter. He was then transferred to subediting. He rose through the ranks becoming director of Manchester Guardian and Evening News, Ltd after 8 years.

He served as Director-General of the BBC from 1944 to 1952 and from 1952 to 1966 he was editor of The Times. At  The Times he wrote a series of light-hearted bookish articles under the pseudonym 'Oliver Edwards'. These articles were published in 1957 by Heinemann as 'Talking of Books'. While at the BBC he created the BBC Third Programme, which was replaced by BBC Radio 3 in 1967. He was made Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George in 1946.

He was editor-in-chief of Encyclopædia Britannica from January 1968 until resigning in April 1969 in an editorial dispute over how to adapt the work to new readers. It was reported that younger executives (including the company's president, Charles E. Swanson) wanted to introduce livelier materials, while Haley favoured the traditional approach and an expansion in size.

Haley died in a nursing home in Jersey.

External links

 The Papers of Sir William John Haley held at Churchill Archives Centre

Sources

1901 births
1987 deaths
Encyclopædia Britannica
British newspaper editors
British television executives
The Times people
People educated at Victoria College, Jersey
Jersey journalists
BBC executives
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
20th-century British journalists
Directors-General of the BBC

William Haley


The Cadet Forces Medal is awarded to recognise long and efficient service by  Commissioned Officers and non commissioned adult instructors of the UK Cadet Forces: The Army Cadet Force, the Air Training Corps, the Sea Cadet Corps, the Volunteer Cadet Corps and Combined Cadet Force, and Commissioned Officers of the New Zealand Cadet Forces. Authorised by a Royal warrant it is awarded for 12 years service or when commissioned. Additional clasps are issued for every 8 years additional service in New Zealand & for 6 additional years in the UK.

The Cadet Forces Medal was issued to Officers and Instructors within the Australian Sea Cadet Corps/Naval Reserve Cadets, Australian Army Cadet Corps and Air Training Corps between 1950 and 1974. In Australia, the award was superseded in 1999 by the Australian Cadet Forces Service Medal which was backdated to include service prior to 1999 not used for the award of the Cadet Forces Medal.

Post Nominals

The Cadet Forces Service Medal carries no entitlement to use post-nominal letters.

Description
  The Cadet Forces Medal is stamped in cupro-nickel in the form of a circular Medal bearing on the obverse the Crowned Effigy of the Sovereign and on the reverse the inscription "The Cadet Forces Medal", and a representation of a torch. The name of the recipient shall be stamped on the rim of the Medal.
 The ribbon is one and a quarter inches wide which has a green background, yellow edges, narrow stripes of dark blue, red and light blue being superimposed. The ribbon shall be worn with the dark blue stripe further from the left shoulder than the stripe of light blue.

References

Long and Meritorious Service Medals of Britain and the Commonwealth
New Zealand Cadet Forces
British Cadet organisations
New Zealand Meritorious & Long Service Awards

Cadet Forces Medal


90–94 Maiden Lane is a cast-iron building on Gold Street between William and Pearl Streets in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1870-71 in the French Second Empire style and is attributed to Charles Wright.

It has a cast-iron facade from Daniel D. Badger's Architectural Iron Works, and is one of the few surviving examples of cast-iron architecture between Fulton Street and the Battery, as well as one of a few mid-19th century commercial buildings extant in Lower Manhattan.  The building's facade was commissioned by Roosevelt & Son, the leading plate glass and mirror importer. Theodore Roosevelt Sr., father of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, was one of the company's principals.  Unlike most other buildings of its sort, it has not been converted into condominium apartments, and is still in use as a commercial building.

The building was designated a New York City landmark on August 1, 1989.

See also
 List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street

References

Financial District, Manhattan
Cast-iron architecture in New York City
Second Empire architecture in New York City
New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan
Historic district contributing properties in Manhattan

90–94 Maiden Lane


Veolia Environnement S.A., branded as Veolia, is a French multinational corporation. It is headquartered in Paris. Veolia operates in four main areas of the full-cycle economy: water supply and water treatment (for both municipal and industrial customers), public services (including cleaning and waste disposal), energy (power supply, microclimate support, installation and maintenance of energy and heating equipment), transport services (airport maintenance, management of rail transport and urban public transport).

History
In 1853, by imperial decree, the "Compagnie Générale des Eaux" (CGE) was created, which was engaged in the irrigation of fields and the supply of water to cities and villages (the first contract was the supply of Lyon, in 1860 the company received a concession for the supply of water in Paris). In 1867, a street cleaning company was founded in Nantes, and in 1870, another rag and paper collection company opened in Rouen and Chaun (both firms merged with CGE in 1980 and 1990, respectively). In 1875, the Compagnie Générale Française de Tramways (CGFT) was founded, which operated the tramways in Le Havre, Nancy and Marseille (it also merged with the CGE in 1980). In 1880, CGE entered the market of Venice, in 1882 - in Istanbul, in 1883 - in Porto, in 1884 - in Reims.

In December 2016, CDC finally bought 20% shares from Veolia. As a result, Veolia's share on the company reduced to 30%. This was sold in January 2019, marking Veolia's exit from the transport sector.

References

Companies based in Paris

Veolia


Eri Davidson Woodbury (May 30, 1837 – April 14, 1928) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's  Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.

Woodbury graduated from Dartmouth College in 1863. He enlisted in the army in December of that year, and mustered out in June 1865  After the war, he taught at Cheshire Academy for 38 years, eventually becoming its headmaster from 1884 to 1903. He was married once.

Medal of Honor citation
"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Sergeant Eri Davidson Woodbury, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864, while serving with Company E, 1st Vermont Cavalry, in action at Cedar Creek, Virginia. During the regiment's charge when the enemy was in retreat Sergeant Woodbury encountered four Confederate infantrymen retreating. He drew his saber and ordered them to surrender, overcoming by his determined actions their willingness to further resist. They surrendered to him together with their rifles and 12th North Carolina (Confederate States of America) regimental flag."

Woodbury was sent to Washington, D.C., with the captured Confederate battle flag. He was personally introduced to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton by General George Custer. Stanton personally presented the Medal of Honor to Woodbury. Sergeant Woodbury was also promoted to First Lieutenant and was mustered out as a Brevet Captain in Jun 1865.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T-Z

References

External links
Military Times Hall of Valor

Vermont in the Civil War

1837 births
1928 deaths
People of New Hampshire in the American Civil War
People of Vermont in the American Civil War
People of Connecticut in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Military personnel from Connecticut
People from Francestown, New Hampshire

Eri D. Woodbury


Boris Solomonovitch Schnaiderman (Russian Борис Соломонович Шнайдерман; 17 May 1917 – 18 May 2016) was a Brazilian translator, writer and essayist.

Born in Uman, Ukraine, in 1917, he went to Odesa when he was barely more than one year old, living there until he was 8, when he came to Brazil. He was the first teacher of Russian literature of University of São Paulo, in 1960, despite being graduated in agronomy. He translated renowned Russian writers and poets, like Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Gorky, Babel, Pasternak, Pushkin and Mayakovsky.

When he was eight years old, before leaving the USSR, he witnessed the filming of the Odesa Steps sequence in Sergey Eisenstein's film The Battleship Potemkin. Schnaiderman only later realised what he had seen when he saw the film in the cinema.

He became a naturalized citizen of Brazil in 1941 and fought in World War II with the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, an experience that inspired him to write the romance Guerra em Surdina ("Muted War"). Due to the way that the Russian culture was seen in the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, his positions against the repression and his Soviet passport, he was later arrested while he was lecturing.

In 2003 he received the Prize of Translation by the Academia Brasileira de Letras. He was the first person who translated to Portuguese classical Russian books directly from the Russian language; before this, indirect translations which decharacterized them were very common. In 2007 he also received the Medal of Pushkin from the Russian government.

Schnaiderman said of Dostoevsky that he was "...the kind of writer who drags us; while we have to agree with him, we have to turn against him. I mean, sometimes I translate something that contradicts my deepest convictions. Dostoevsky was a great writer, he had that understanding, that extraordinary humanity, while he was racist, chauvinistic, sexist."

References

20th-century translators
1917 births
2016 deaths
Brazilian Jews
Brazilian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Brazilian translators
Recipients of Russian civil awards and decorations
Russian–Portuguese translators
Soviet emigrants to Brazil
Translators to Portuguese
Ukrainian Jews

Boris Schnaiderman


KFMB-TV (channel 8) is a television station in San Diego, California, United States, affiliated with CBS, The CW, and MyNetworkTV. Owned by Tegna Inc., it has studios on Engineer Road in the Kearny Mesa section of San Diego, and its transmitter is atop Mount Soledad in La Jolla.

History
The station first signed on the air on May 16, 1949. It was the first television station in the San Diego market. The station was founded by Jack O. Gross, who also owned local radio station KFMB 760 AM (now KGB). San Diego Mayor Harley E. Knox was present at the station's first broadcast. The station cost Gross $300,000 to build. KFMB-TV has been a primary CBS affiliate since its sign-on and is the only television station in the market that has never changed its network affiliation.  In its early years, channel 8 also maintained secondary affiliations with ABC, NBC and the DuMont Television Network.

In October 1949, KFMB-TV signed an affiliation agreement with the short-lived Paramount Television Network. Channel 8 quickly became its strongest affiliate. The station received a network feed of Paramount programs that included among others, Hollywood Opportunity, Meet Me in Hollywood, Magazine of the Week, Time For Beany and Your Old Buddy. KFMB-TV aired six hours of Paramount programs each week. Since there was no technical transmission network to distribute Paramount programs to its affiliates, KFMB-TV instead carried the network's programming via a transmitter link from the broadcast tower of Paramount's Los Angeles affiliate KTLA atop Mount Wilson,  from the KFMB-TV transmitter site on Mount Soledad.

Changes in ownership
In November 1950, Gross sold KFMB-AM-TV to John A. Kennedy, a former publisher of the San Diego Daily Journal newspaper. Three years later, Kennedy divested KFMB to a partnership of television producer Jack Wrather and industry executive Helen Alvarez. That same year, channel 8 lost its television monopoly in San Diego when two new stations went on the air—Tijuana-based XETV (channel 6) and San Diego–licensed KFSD-TV (channel 10, now KGTV), the latter of which assumed the NBC affiliation from channel 8. KFMB-TV continued to air ABC programs until 1956, when XETV was granted permission to take the ABC affiliation under a special agreement between the FCC and Mexican authorities, most notably the Secretariat of Communications and Public Works.

After the Wrather-Alvarez partnership broke up in 1957, Wrather kept the San Diego outlets and KERO-TV in upstate Bakersfield for his renamed broadcasting company, Marietta Broadcasting. In 1959, Wrather merged Marietta Broadcasting with Buffalo, New York–based Transcontinent Television Corporation. In 1964, as part of Transcontinent's exit from broadcasting, the KFMB stations were sold to Midwest Television, controlled by the family of Champaign, Illinois, banker August Meyer. In 1999, Midwest Television divested its other outlets, WCIA/WCFN in Champaign–Springfield and WMBD-AM-TV and WPBG in Peoria, Illinois, leaving the KFMB stations as the company's only remaining properties.

In 2005, Midwest Television signed a ten-year affiliation contract extension for KFMB-TV to remain a CBS affiliate through 2015. The station restored its on-air branding to News 8 on September 19, 2005, after four years of using the "Local 8" brand. In early 2007, the station began to phase in a new branding as CBS 8, although newscasts maintained their previous title until 2013, when the station introduced a new logo similar to Miami's CBS O&O WFOR-TV and renamed its newscasts CBS News 8.

Switch to digital broadcasting
KFMB-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 8, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009).

The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 55, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era VHF channel 8.

Tegna acquires KFMB-TV
On December 18, 2017, Tegna Inc. announced that it would acquire the KFMB stations for $325 million. The sale was completed on February 15, 2018, ending the Meyer family's stewardship of the stations after 53 years. On March 12, 2019, former KFMB studios owner Elisabeth Kimmel was arrested for her role in the infamous 2019 college admissions scandal which involved conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud to boost her son's college admission credentials for pole vaulting.

KFMB-TV was separated from its radio sisters on March 17, 2020, when Tegna sold KFMB (760 AM) and KFMB-FM (100.7) to Local Media San Diego, which in turn spun KFMB (AM) to iHeartMedia. Under the terms of the deal, Tegna retained exclusive control of the KFMB call sign for KFMB-TV, with the radio stations required to change their call letters within 30 days of the sale; LMSD changed KFMB-FM to KFBG that April. Meanwhile, iHeartMedia changed KFMB (AM) to KGB on July 4.

KFMB-DT2
KFMB-DT2, branded on-air as The CW San Diego, is the primary CW and secondary MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of KFMB-TV, broadcasting in 720p high definition on channel 8.2.

History
On November 1, 2011, KFMB launched KFMB-DT2, an affiliate of MeTV, by way of an agreement between the network's owner, Weigel Broadcasting, and Midwest Television that was announced two months earlier on September 6.

On January 18, 2017, Midwest Television and network co-parent CBS Corporation announced that KFMB would become the San Diego affiliate of The CW, which would be carried on one of the station's digital subchannels; the station would replace Tijuana-licensed XETV-TDT (channel 6), which had been affiliated with the network since 2008. The move stemmed from a failure between CBS and XETV owner Grupo Televisa, during negotiations to renew an affiliation contract set to expire that September, to reach an agreement to keep the affiliation with XETV. KFMB-TV digital subchannel 8.2 was originally scheduled to take over the CW affiliation on September 1, 2017. However, these plans changed on January 26, 2017, when Televisa announced that it would drop all English-language programming (including its CW affiliation) from XETV on May 31, at the completion of a phased wind down of the station's San Diego operations (this process began on March 31, with the closure of channel 6's news department); KFMB consequently moved up the date of the switch to May 31, in order to align with XETV's planned conversion into a repeater of one of Televisa's Spanish-language networks.

In preparation, Midwest sold the local rights to the MeTV affiliation to the E. W. Scripps Company, owner of ABC affiliate KGTV; MeTV moved from KFMB-DT2 to the second digital subchannel of KGTV–which was also simulcast on KZSD-LP (channel 41, now a KGTV translator on channel 20), which lost its Azteca affiliation to a subchannel of MyNetworkTV affiliate XHDTV-TDT (channel 49), in preparation for the network's July 1 move to XHAS-TDT (channel 33), which also lost its Telemundo affiliation to a subchannel of NBC affiliate KNSD (which they both are owned-and-operated stations)–on May 1 (to accommodate MeTV, KGTV relocated Laff onto the re-numbered 10.3 from digital channel 10.2, which, in the interim, was converted into a news channel that aired simulcasts and rebroadcasts of KGTV's local news programming). As it perpares to switch to The CW, KFMB-DT2's signal resolution was subsequently converted to 720p high definition on May 21.

KFMB-DT2 added programming from The CW on May 31, 2017 (XETV transferred its existing affiliation with co-owned Canal 5 from its decommissioned 6.2 subchannel to its main feed upon losing the CW affiliation). The subchannel–which was rebranded as "The CW San Diego"–concurrently adopted a general entertainment schedule featuring a mix of syndicated shows not carried by other San Diego stations, repeat airings of certain programs seen on KFMB's main channel, and many first-run and off-network syndicated programs (including talk shows and sitcoms) that previously aired on XETV prior to the switch to fill timeslots not occupied by CW network programs. It also launched a two-hour extension of KFMB's weekday morning newscast, along with separate, weeknight-only 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. newscasts produced for KFMB-DT2 (the newscasts shown on the subchannel are branded as News 8 on The CW San Diego, omitting all references to the CBS name included in KFMB's main news titling). The subchannel also took over XETV's slot on channel 6 on Cox, Spectrum and U-verse (those providers as well as DirecTV—which opted to carry KFMB-DT2 on channel 9, transmitting temporarily in standard definition only in the days immediately following the switch—and Dish Network dropped XETV from their lineups upon its switch to Canal 5, with the station's availability on the U.S. side of the market becoming limited to its existing over-the-air signal coverage).

KFMB became the third television station in San Diego to affiliate with The CW: the network was originally affiliated with KSWB-TV (channel 69) beginning at The CW's launch on September 18, 2006, before moving to XETV on August 1, 2008, after Tribune Broadcasting agreed to switch KSWB to Fox, reportedly due to that network's concerns about having its programming airing on a Mexican-licensed station, even though XETV had operated as an English-language station since its 1953 sign-on. The switch resulted in KFMB-DT2 becoming the largest CW station by market size that is carried over a digital subchannel, and San Diego becoming the largest market with a subchannel-only CW affiliate (overtaking WKRC-DT2 in Cincinnati) as well as the largest overall in which any of the six major networks maintains a subchannel-only affiliation. This distinction ended on September 1, 2023, when Seattle's ABC affiliate, KOMO-TV, acquired The CW (which had previously been carried on Tacoma-licensed KSTW) as a primary affiliation to its DT2 subchannel carrying Comet (retained as a secondary affiliation on KOMO-DT2).

In September 2018, after XHDTV-TDT dropped MyNetworkTV to join Milenio Television, KFMB-DT2 added the programming service as a secondary affiliation. MyNetworkTV programming is carried as part of the subchannel's late night schedule, an increasingly common fate for the service.

Programming
For years, KFMB-TV has chosen to air The Bold and the Beautiful outside of the network's recommended 12:30 p.m. timeslot in the Pacific Time Zone. This stemmed from when the station had an hour-long noon newscast, as the station aired the program at 9:30 a.m. (the midday newscast has since moved to 11:00 a.m.). The Bold and the Beautiful had aired at 11:30 a.m. from 2009 to 2013, when it moved to 12:30 p.m. as the lead-in to The Young and the Restless (which itself normally airs at 11:00 a.m. in the Pacific Time Zone). It also airs CBS Saturday Morning two hours earlier than most CBS stations (aligning it with the program's recommended timeslot in the Eastern Time Zone).

Due to requirements mandated by the FCC to broadcast educational and informational programs aimed at children, KFMB is required to show E/I-compliant programs supplied by CBS through the network's CBS Dream Team block; as a result, the station does not air live sporting events until 10 a.m. local time on Saturday mornings, even if coverage from CBS Sports has already started by that time elsewhere, though this may change in the fall of 2017 with the augmenting of The CW's One Magnificent Morning holding six hours of E/I programming. This requirement has not prevented other Pacific Time Zone affiliates of CBS from airing live sporting events that begin at 9 a.m. or earlier.

Sports programming
KFMB-TV has served two stints as the broadcast television partner of San Diego Padres baseball, with the first running from 1980 through 1983 and the second covering the 1995 and 1996 campaigns (in addition to CBS' national coverage of MLB games from 1990 to 1993). Channel 8 is the last San Diego over-the-air station to regularly televise Padres games locally; with the exception of games carried by Fox, the team has been cable-exclusive since 1997.

In 1998, KFMB-TV was awarded the local broadcast rights to San Diego Chargers preseason game telecasts; that same year, CBS acquired the rights to the American Football Conference (the NFL conference of which the Chargers are a member), making channel 8 the station of record for the team, succeeding KNSD in that capacity (the station had previously aired Chargers home interconference games from 1970 to 1993). This would remain so until 2017, when the team returned to Los Angeles after 55 years, thus ending channel 8's status as the team's unofficial home station (despite the move, the station still airs a majority of their games as San Diego is still a secondary market for the team and therefore road games are contractually required to be aired in the market). Channel 8 also simulcast the Chargers' appearances on NFL Network's Thursday Night Football and ESPN's Monday Night Football, as per NFL rules which require games aired on cable networks to be simulcast on a local broadcast station in the team's home market.

KFMB-TV also airs select San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball games as part of College Basketball on CBS; this included the team's appearance in the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game.

News operation
KFMB presently broadcasts 39 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with seven hours each weekday and two hours each on Saturdays and Sundays), and also produces an additional 21 hours a week of local newscasts for KFMB-DT2 (with four hours each weekday and one hour on Sundays; the subchannel does not currently carry any newscasts on Saturdays). KFMB runs a local newscast in the 6:00 p.m. half-hour (the CBS Evening News, which in turn airs at 5:30 p.m. like most other CBS affiliates in the Pacific Time Zone), with the station also airing an early evening newscast at 6:30 p.m. KFMB operates the only news helicopter in the San Diego market; its "Chopper 8" helicopter provides aerial video to most of the market's news-producing television stations through Local News Service agreements.

Some famous KFMB alumni include former weather anchor Raquel Tejada (who eventually became a successful actress as Raquel Welch), talk show host Regis Philbin, television host Sarah Purcell, CNN and former CBS anchor Paula Zahn, original Access Hollywood host Larry Mendte, and eventual NBC correspondents Don Teague (later at KRIV in Houston) and Dawn Fratangelo. KFMB has led in newscast viewership in the San Diego market for most of its history, dating back to the 1950s when Ray Wilson was the popular anchor of the city's first half-hour newscast. When Wilson stepped down in 1973, KFMB slipped to a distant second behind KGTV, rebounding only in the late 1970s and early 1980s when former KGTV producer Jim Holtzman was hired by the station as its news director. Holtzman formed a popular and acclaimed news team consisting of anchors Michael Tuck and Allison Ross, weather anchor Clark Anthony and sports anchor Ted Leitner. By the end of 1979, KFMB had risen back to the #1 position, remaining there until 1984 when Tuck suddenly moved to KGTV and helped that station overtake KFMB for the remainder of the decade.

Holtzman tried in vain to compete by experimenting with a different format for the 11:00 p.m. newscast called This Day which emphasized a softer, humanized format and attempted to find a common thread within the newscast. There was no regular anchor; instead Hal Clement, Loren Nancarrow (now deceased), Dawn Fratangelo (now with NBC) and Susan Lichtman (now known as Susan Taylor and with KNSD) formed an ensemble of anchor/reporters who alternated between anchoring, filing detailed reports and giving live interviews. Computer graphics were used heavily, and Dave Grusin's "Night Lines" served as the newscast's theme music.

Although it was innovative for its time, This Day proved to be a dismal failure as viewers responded negatively to the awkward format; within nine months, KFMB reverted to a more traditional late evening newscast. However, the news ratings for KFMB went into a deep decline for more than a decade as popular mainstays like Marty Levin and Allison Ross (both of whom reappeared in the market on KNSD) either left voluntarily or were fired and were replaced by younger staffers like Stan Miller and Susan Roesgen.

Eventually by the 1990s, Hal Clement would assume early evening anchor duties alongside Susan Peters and later, Denise Yamada to mixed results as the station continued to battle KGTV and KNSD, primarily in the 11:00 p.m. timeslot where the CBS lead-in at the time was particularly weaker. By the early 2000s, Michael Tuck's brief return following Clement's departure for KGTV and CBS's resurgence at the start of the decade helped bring KFMB back to first place in the early evenings. By October 2020, KFMB, which had become the most watched television station in San Diego (based on Nielsen ratings share data) from sign-on to sign-off, finished in first place in the noon, and afternoon and evening news timeslots (at 4:00 p.m., 5:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m. and at 11:00 p.m. weekdays).

During coverage of the California wildfires of October 2007, reporter Larry Himmel took viewers on a walkthrough of his own home, which had been destroyed in the fires. Audio of the station's news programming was also simulcast on KFMB (AM) and KFMB-FM for an extended period of time. On January 28, 2007, KFMB became the first television station in the San Diego market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition; with the upgrade, the station unveiled a new set for its newscasts.

Notable former on-air staff
 Jerry G. Bishop – co-host of Sun Up San Diego (1978–1990)
 Marc Brown – (1987–1989, now at KABC-TV in Los Angeles)
 Rebecca Gomez – morning/noon anchor and reporter (?–1996 and 2001–2002; now with Fox News Channel)
 Jim Laslavic – sports anchor (1983–1989; later at KNSD, now retired)
 Ted Leitner – sports anchor (1978–2003)
 Sandra Maas – anchor/medical reporter (1990–2001; later at KUSI-TV)
 Larry Mendte – weather anchor (1988–1991; later at KYW-TV in Philadelphia and WPIX in New York City)
 Susan Peters – anchor (1991–1995; later at KAKE in Wichita, Kansas, now retired)
 Sarah Purcell – talk show host (1970s)
 Susan Roesgen – anchor (1989–1991; formerly at CNN, now at WGNO in New Orleans)
 Michael Tuck – anchor (1978–1984 and 1999–2004; later at KGTV, KCBS-TV in Los Angeles and KUSI-TV)
 Raquel Welch – weather (early 1960s)
 Paula Zahn – (1979–1981, later with CNN)

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

See also
KGB (AM)
KFBG (FM)

References

External links

KFMB-DT2 website

CBS network affiliates
Tegna Inc.
The CW affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
True Crime Network affiliates
Quest (American TV network) affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1949
FMB
National Football League primary television stations
1949 establishments in California
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The Scottish Industrial Railway Centre is an industrial heritage railwey an museum operated bi the Ayrshire Railway Preservation Group. The centre ains a nummer o staundart gauge steam locomotives an diesel locomotives as well as some nairae gauge items an an extensive collection o photographs.

History
The centre wis based at the umwhile Minnivey Colliery (NS474072
), Dawmellinton, East Ayrshire, Scotland, frae 1980; but, follaein problems wi the lease, the Group decidit in 2002 tae muive the centre tae the nearby Dunaskin Heritage Centre (NS441083
).

During 2005 cooncil funding wis withdrawn frae the Heritage Centre causin it tae close, but the railwey wis still able tae stairt running steam-hauled rides at the Dunaskin site, uisin a borrowed locomotive.

A lack o locomotive availability curtailed operations during 2006 and 2007 but, follaein the completion o the boiler swap an overhaul o Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST N.C.B. No. 10, a series o successfu steam days hae been held syne 2008.

Steam locomotives
The museum haes a collection o Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. steam locomotives.

 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST N.C.B. No. 16. biggit in 1910. On display at Dunaskin.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST N.C.B. No. 19. biggit in 1918. Stored oot o uise, partially cosmetically restored.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0 Fireless No. 8. biggit in 1928. Operational efter its overhaul wis completit in Julie 2015. Steam tae operate the locomotive is providit bi No. 10. The anly operational Fireless locomotive in the UK and operates alongside No. 10 on steam days.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST N.C.B. No. 10. biggit in 1947. Operational efter swapping boilers wi No. 19.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST N.C.B. No. 23. biggit in 1949. On display at Dunaskin.
 Andrew Barclay 0-6-0ST N.C.B. No. 25. biggit in 1954. Partially cosmetically restored, awaiting restoration.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST N.C.B. No. 1. biggit in 1955. Bein considered for restoration tae full wirkin order.

Diesel Locomotives

 Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. 0-4-0DM "Powfoot" No. 1. Operational and regularly performs shunting duties.
 Yard 0-4-0DM No. AC118 M3571. Stored oot o uise.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0DM No. 399. Stored oot o uise.
 Hunslet Ingine Company 0-4-0DM No. 107. Stored oot o uise.
 Ruston and Hornsby 4W DM No. BE116. Undergoing restoration.
 Ruston and Hornsby 4W DM No. 324 "Blinkin Bess". Stored oot o uise.
 Ruston and Hornsby 4W DM No. 417890 "Johnnie Walker". Undergoing restoration.
 Andrew Barclay 0-4-0DM No. 421697. Stored awaiting restoration, frames and ingine anly.
 Sentinel 4W DH No. 421697. Operational and a regular shunter.
 North British 0-4-0DH No. 277644 "Tess Storage". Awaiting repair but undercover.

Rolling Stock
The centre is home tae a wide variety o goods wagons includin British Railways 16 ton mineral wagons and pallet vans, the latter haein been formerly owned and operated bi Scotch Whisky manufacturer Johnnie Walker. The centre haes recently purchased a London, Midland and Scottish Railway Inspection Saloon which is currently bein repaired and it is hoped that it will be able tae provide rides for the public in the near future.

Fremmit airtins
 offeecial wabsteid
 Ayrshire Railway Preservation Group
 Industrial Locomotive Society
 The Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
 Andrew Barcclay 0-6-0 fireless locomotive at Dunaskin, East Ayrshire

References

Airticles wi OS grid coordinates
Rail transport in Scotland
Heritage railweys in Scotland

Scottish Industrial Railway Centre


Segmental resection (or segmentectomy) is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland, as a sub-type of a resection, which might involve removing the whole body part.  It may also be used to remove a tumor and normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung.  The resection margin is the edge of the removed tissue; it is important that this shows free of cancerous cells on examination by a pathologist.

References

External links

 Segmental resection entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

Surgical procedures and techniques
Surgical removal procedures

Segmental resection


Elin Karolina Grindemyr (born 7 February 1983) is a Swedish model. Her first appearance was in the Swedish men's magazine Slitz in the September 2003 issue as a contender for "Annual Sexiest Girlfriend". Despite the fact that she did not win this contest, she has appeared in Slitz several times thereafter.

In May 2005, Grindemyr was voted as the sexiest woman in Sweden by the readers of Slitz.

References

External links

Firewerx.dk/m, Petition, which made it possible for Danish readers of the magazine M! to see her on the frontpage

1983 births
Living people
Swedish female models
People from Norrköping

Elin Grindemyr


Bennett High School was an American high school located in the University Heights section of Buffalo, New York. It was named after Lewis J. Bennett, who donated the land for the school and for All High Stadium. Bennett High School formerly was a magnet school with three college prep programs: the Academy of International Law (similar to pre-law), Business and Computers (similar to information systems), and Education and the Arts.

History
Bennett High School was built in 1923. It has four stories with . It is named after Lewis J. Bennett, who donated the land for the school and for All High Stadium. Portions of the 1984 movie The Natural were filmed in All High Stadium, although it was filmed as Wrigley Field.

The school was renovated in the summer of 2005 and the summer of 2006. During this time, some students were housed at Bennett while others were housed at nearby School 63 on Minnesota Avenue.

In 2014, the alumni association and the Buffalo Board of Education worked cooperatively to bring a dramatic change to the curriculum at Bennett.  In 2017, the last class of students in the original Bennett programs graduated.  At the same time a new program was put into place, the Lewis J. Bennett High School of Innovative Technology.  Its first graduating class will be in 2020.

Notable alumni
 Michael Bennett (1943 – 1987), who wrote the Broadway musical A Chorus Line dropped his last name, DiFiglia, when he went to Broadway.
 Lawrence Block (b. 1938), writer
 Sorrell Booke (1930 – 1994), who played Boss Hogg in the Dukes of Hazard TV show was a 1948 Bennett grad.
 John Elliot (1914 – 1972), songwriter
 Leslie Feinberg (1949 – 2014), author and activist
 Don Gilbert (b.  1943), CFL player
 Sanford Greenberg (b. 1940), American investor, philanthropist
 Reed Hadley (1911 – 1974), actor
 Karla F.C. Holloway (b. 1949), James B. Duke Professor of English, Professor of Law, Duke University. Dean, Humanities & Social Sciences. Was Karla Clapp at Bennett, led debate team to statewide championship.
 Catherine Ryan Hyde (b. 1955), novelist, author of Pay It Forward
 Rick James (1948 – 2004), funk superstar, played in the Bennett High School Band.
 Beverly Johnson (b. 1952), fashion model, was a graduate of Bennett High School. She was the first Black cover model for Vogue.
 Dr. John H. Kennell (1922 – 2013), doctor of pediatrics and researcher
 Bob Lanier (1948 – 2022), Basketball Hall of Famer, graduated from Bennett in 1966
 David Lucas (b. 1937), music producer and jingle writer, attended Bennett in the 1950s but then transferred to a school in Florida.
 Isaiah McDuffie (b. 1999), NFL player
 Dick Offenhamer (1913 – 1998), former University at Buffalo football coach
 Robert E. Rich, Sr. (1913 – 2006), founder of Rich Products Corporation, was the starting center for the Bennett High School football team which lost the 1930 Harvard Cup to South Park 13–2.
 Antoine Thompson (b. 1970), former New York State Senator
 Westside Gunn (b. 1982), Rapper, Fashion Designer, Art Connoisseur

References

External links
 Buffalo Public Schools homepage

1920 establishments in New York (state)
2017 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct schools in New York (state)
High schools in Buffalo, New York
Magnet schools in New York (state)
Magnet schools in Buffalo, New York
Educational institutions established in 1920
Educational institutions disestablished in 2017

Bennett High School (Buffalo, New York)


Joseph Bearwalker Wilson (1942–2004) was a shaman and witch. He founded the 1734 Tradition of witchcraft and created Metista spiritual system, which later developed into the Toteg Tribe. He was also a founding member of the Covenant of the Goddess.

Wilson was born December 11, 1942, and raised just inside the city limits of St. Johns in Clinton County, Michigan. He grew up with some Christian influence, but developed an early interest in the occult and in fully utilizing the powers of the mind, which he felt were barely tapped. During his early adult life he studied comparative religion, which encouraged his teaching: "what they all have in common must be close to the truth." He died on August 4, 2004, from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Air Force career and spirituality
Wilson joined the Air Force in September 1961 and in autumn 1962 another airman named Sean (whom he does not identify by last name) introduced him to ritual practices designed to bring mental focus. Sean's wife also taught Wilson the use of roots and herbs to perform magic spells. Wilson felt the spiritual awareness that Sean presented  was similar to, but not the same as witchcraft. Sean also recommended readings to him, of which the most influential were The White Goddess by Robert Graves, The Magic Arts in Celtic Britain by Lewis Spence, and The Golden Bough by Sir James George Frazer. However, Wilson found Sean's practical teachings more valuable than these written works.

In 1964, Wilson started a four-page newsletter,The Waxing Moon, which he considered to be "a journal of the old religion" or "a witchcraft newsletter."  In 1970 this newsletter became the official journal of The Pagan Movement in Britain and Ireland which he founded together with Tony Kelly as outlined in his editorial to the first issue of the  new series. In 1965, an advertisement for Pentagram in The Waxing Moon put him in contact with Roy Bowers, alias "Robert Cochrane," with whom he studied by mail until Bowers' death in 1966. Copies of their letters can be found online. Wilson founded the "1734 Tradition" in late 1973 and early 1974 when he compiled the Flags, Flax and Fodder booklet. He also participated in the formation of the Covenant of the Goddess, eventually leaving following their insistence that he adopt the Wiccan Rede.

OSI agent

In 1971, Wilson served as a staff sergeant, stationed at Lakenheath, England. He became a "secret agent" for the Air Force Office of Special Investigations, spying upon his fellow servicemen who were working from within the military to protest American involvement in the Vietnam War.  Wilson's testimony against Air Force Captain Thomas Culver led to the latter's court martial. Subsequently, writers in the Neo-Pagan and Wicca communities of the time branded Wilson as a "warlock" or traitor to paganism.

Wilson has said that he spent most of 1971 and 1972 in a "blur" caused by alcoholism. After his testimony against captain Culver, he received "hate mail" from the pagan community. He recalled: "Literally hundreds of letters from people throughout the United States and England. [...] 95% of those letters condemned me. [...] People [...] wrote to tell me what a traitor I was and how much they hated me. Some of the letters threatened my life and the lives of my family. [...] I think this is when I started serious drinking. Tim Zell of the Church of All Worlds and Green Egg wrote something like, 'Joe, how could you. This is terrible. You could have gone down in history as an important founder of the pagan movement. Now you are nothing but a traitor.'"

Toteg Tribe
The bulk of Wilson's work in his later life had to do with his shamanic walk. He created Metista, a spiritual system for non-native people that introduced the concept of interaction with the spirits of ancestry and land. The land was understood to belong not to an indigenous tribe but to the actual familial stream and current geographical location of the practitioner. Metista developed into Toteg Tribe, which is a fully enabled spiritual system consisting of interaction with Mother Earth, Father Sky, the genus loci of a person's geographical location, one's own familial ancestors, ancestors of culture, heritage and artistic, intellectual teachers. He also became a student of Catherine Yronwode, studying African American hoodoo folk magic, a tradition that he recommended to his own students in the Toteg Tribe.

The Toteg Tribe website may be found at Toteg Tribe The entire text of Wilson's book, "Nature Religion..." is contained on the page.

References

External links
 1734 Witchcraft: The Authentic Method of Robert Cochrane and Joseph Bearwalker Wilson
 Toteg Tribe

American occultists
Neoshamanism
1942 births
2004 deaths
People from St. Johns, Michigan
United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations
American Wiccans
Founders of new religious movements

Joseph Bearwalker Wilson


Edwin Lee Mathews (October 13, 1931 – February 18, 2001) was an American professional baseball third baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 17 seasons for the Boston / Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1952–1966); Houston Astros (1967) and Detroit Tigers (1967–68). Inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978, he is the only player to have represented the Braves in the three cities they have called home. He played 1,944 games for the Braves during their 13-season tenure in Milwaukee—the prime of Mathews' career.

Mathews is regarded as one of the best third basemen ever to play the game. He was an All-Star for nine seasons. He won the National League (NL) home run title in 1953 and 1959 and was the NL Most Valuable Player runner-up both of those seasons. He hit 512 home runs during his major league career. Mathews coached for the Atlanta Braves in 1971, and he was the team's manager from 1972 to 1974. Later, he was a scout and coach for the Texas Rangers, Milwaukee Brewers, and Oakland Athletics.

Early years
Mathews was born in Texarkana, Texas. He was six years old when his family moved to Santa Barbara, California. The Santa Barbara High School baseball field, where he developed into a star high school baseball player, is named after him. Mathews was signed by the Boston Braves in 1949. He played 63 games that year for the Class D High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms, where he hit 17 home runs and earned a .363 batting average. The next year he hit 32 home runs for the Class AA Atlanta Crackers.

MLB career

Boston, Milwaukee, and Atlanta Braves
After splitting 1951 between the Crackers and Triple-A Milwaukee Brewers, Mathews made the Braves' major league roster out of spring training in 1952. He hit 25 home runs, including three in one game versus Brooklyn on September 27. In 1953, the Braves moved to Milwaukee where he batted .302 and posted career highs of 47 home runs and 135 RBIs. For nine straight seasons he hit at least 30 home runs, including leading the National League twice (1953, 1959).

As one of 1954's superstars in American sports, Mathews was chosen for the cover of the first-ever issue of Sports Illustrated magazine. Around this time, Ty Cobb said of Mathews: "I've only known three or four perfect swings in my time. This lad has one of them." Mathews was a powerful pull hitter, and for many years of his career teams would implement the "Mathews shift" when he came to bat. The second baseman would shift well to his left, toward first base, and the shortstop would come to the second base side of the bag, leaving a gaping hole between second and third base. Mathews delighted in occasionally punching the ball through that hole.

The Braves won the 1957 National League championship. In the World Series, Mathews hit a game-winning home run in the tenth inning of game four. The Braves went on to defeat the New York Yankees to win the Series. Mathews made the final putout of the Series, a forceout of Gil McDougald on Moose Skowron's hard-hit grounder.

Mathews was regarded as one of the strongest power hitters of his time, often being compared to American League contemporary Mickey Mantle, in terms of power hitting strength. Hall of Fame teammate Warren Spahn once said of the two: "Mathews is just as strong as Mantle. They don't hit the same – Mantle gets all of his weight into his swing; Mathews uses his wrists more." Spahn's comment on Mathews' use of his wrists was in reference to his unique swing, as believed by many to be one of the more graceful swings in baseball history. Pitcher Sal Maglie noticed, however, that Mathews had a tendency to chase "the low curve on the three-and-two pitch." Mathews is the only player to play for the Braves in Boston, Milwaukee, and Atlanta. By the Braves' first season in Atlanta, Matthews was the last Boston Brave still on an active roster.

Mathews is also one of just two players to homer with a teammate in the same game at least 50 times with two different teammates.  He did this with Henry Aaron 75 times and with Joe Adcock 56 times. Willie Mays is the other, with Willie McCovey (68) and Orlando Cepeda (50), to do it.

Between 1954 and 1966, he and Braves teammate Hank Aaron hit 863 home runs (Aaron 442, Mathews 421), moving ahead of the Yankees duo of Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig as the all-time leaders in major league history.

Houston Astros and Detroit Tigers
The Braves traded Mathews, Arnold Umbach, and a player to be named later to the Houston Astros for Dave Nicholson and Bob Bruce after the 1966 season. He had spent his entire adult life up to that point with the Braves franchise. In 1967, Mathews became the seventh player to hit 500 career home runs, becoming a member of the 500 home run club on July 14 coming off pitcher Juan Marichal of the San Francisco Giants at Candlestick Park. He was the second National Leaguer to reach that milestone, behind only Ott.

During the 1967 season, Mathews was traded from the Astros to the Detroit Tigers. His final appearances came in two games of the 1968 World Series, as the Tigers defeated the St. Louis Cardinals.

Upon his retirement, he was sixth in all-time home runs with 512. At the time, his 503 home runs in the National League were second in the Senior Circuit's history, behind only Ott. Over his career, he was named to the All-Star team twelve times (MLB held two All-Star Games from 1959 through 1962), played in three World Series, and drove in 100 or more runs five times.  He never won an MVP award (finishing second twice, behind Roy Campanella in 1953 and behind Ernie Banks in 1959), although he did win the NL Player of the Month award in September 1959 (.303, 11 HR, 25 RBI).

Career statistics
In 2391 games over 17 seasons, Mathews posted a .271 batting average (2315-for-8537) with 1509 runs, 354 doubles, 72 triples, 512 home runs, 1453 RBI, 68 stolen bases, 1444 bases on balls, .376 on-base percentage and .509 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .959 fielding percentage playing primarily at third base but also at first base and left field. In 16 World Series games, he batted .200 (10-for-50) with 7 runs, 5 doubles, 1 home run, 7 RBI, 1 stolen base and 15 walks.

Coaching and managing
In 1971, Mathews became a coach, and then in the midseason of 1972, manager of the Atlanta Braves. Mathews is one of the few players to play, coach, and manage for the same baseball team. The Braves were 47–57 under Lum Harris and in fourth place in the National League West Division when Mathews took command on August 7. The 1972 Braves finished 23–27 under Mathews as manager, ending up 25 games behind the Cincinnati Reds. The 1973 Braves then finished fifth (76–85), 22 games out of first place.

Mathews was the Braves' manager when Hank Aaron hit his 715th home run on April 8, 1974. But on July 21, 1974, Mathews was fired when the team went into a slump and fell into fourth place with a 50–49 record. Aaron and Darrell Evans both criticized the decision to terminate Mathews. Evans said that Mathews was a friend and Aaron said that the decision was "a blow to me." Mathews said that the Braves indicated that there would be a job for him within the organization, but he said he was not sure what he would do next. The Braves went 149–161 (.481) during Mathews' time at the helm.

After retirement

Mathews was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1976. In 1978, Mathews was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

In 1982, Mathews was a minor league baseball instructor for the Oakland Athletics when a spot was found on his lung. He was ultimately admitted to the hospital to investigate it. Doctors ruled out cancer, but Mathews was diagnosed with tuberculosis. He was treated and returned to his work with the Oakland organization.

In 1999, The Sporting News ranked Mathews 63 on their list of  100, "Baseball's Greatest Players". He was also nominated that year as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

Personal life
Mathews was married to Virjean Lauby in 1954 and they divorced in 1970. He was married and divorced a second time, then married Elizabeth Busch Burke, daughter of brewing executive Gussie Busch, in 1977.

Sportswriter Bob Wolf of the Milwaukee Journal indicated that Mathews' election to the Baseball Hall of Fame may have been delayed because of his cool relationship with the media. Mathews seemed to resent the intrusion of reporters in his personal life, especially early in his career. He gestured with his fist at a reporter when he was in court on charges of reckless driving. He was angered by the presence of the media at his 1954 wedding ceremony at a county clerk's office.

Death
In February 2001, Mathews died from complications of pneumonia in La Jolla in San Diego, California, and was buried in Santa Barbara Cemetery. Later that year during the baseball season, the Atlanta Braves honored Mathews with the placement of patches bearing his retired uniform number, 41, on their jerseys.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball home run records
 List of Major League Baseball retired numbers

References

External links

1931 births
2001 deaths
Atlanta Braves coaches
Atlanta Braves managers
Atlanta Braves players
Atlanta Crackers players
Baseball players from Texas
Baseball players from Santa Barbara, California
Boston Braves players
Burials at Santa Barbara Cemetery
Deaths from pneumonia in California
Detroit Tigers players
High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms players
Houston Astros players
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball players with retired numbers
Major League Baseball third basemen
Minor league baseball coaches
Milwaukee Braves players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Milwaukee Brewers scouts
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
National League All-Stars
National League home run champions
Oakland Athletics scouts
People from San Diego
Santa Barbara High School alumni
Sportspeople from Texarkana, Texas
Texas Rangers scouts

Eddie Mathews


Mahamevnāwa (Mahāmēgha, ) is an ancient park in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. It was created by King Mutasiva (367 - 307 BC) whose name is in the history as the first king who structured a park. He who was the son of King Pandukabhaya and the father of King Devanampiya Tissa.

King Pandukabhaya is the founder of the city of Anuradhapura.  King Mutasiva, after succeeding his father, formed two royal gardens which was located to the south and outside the ancient capital city of Anuradhapura.  The garden called Nandana (Jōtivana) was situated immediately after the south gate and then was the Mahāmēgha.

At the auspicious time the park was being started, there was an unusual fall of very heavy rain so the garden was named "maha (=heavy) megha (=shower)".  According to Mahavamsa, the garden had been full of various kind of trees so with fruits and flowers.

The park is well known for the Samadhi Statue as well as several other religious sites such as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, Ruvanveli stupa, and Thuparama stupa, etc.

References

Anuradhapura
Parks in Sri Lanka
Geography of North Central Province, Sri Lanka
Tourist attractions in North Central Province, Sri Lanka

Mahamevnāwa Gardens


In accelerator physics, rigidity is the effect of particular magnetic fields on the motion of the charged particles.

It is a measure of the momentum of the particle, and it refers to the fact that a higher momentum particle will have a higher resistance to deflection by a magnetic field. It is defined as R = Bρ = pc/q, where B is the magnetic field, ρ is the gyroradius of the particle due to this field, p is the particle momentum, c is the speed of light and q is its charge. It is frequently referred to as simply "Bρ".

The unit of the rigidity R is volts(N·m/C), a convenient unit is GV (109 V). In this case, unit of B is in the unit T(N·s/C·m), ρ is in the unit m, p is in the unit kg· m/s, c is in the unit m/s, q is in the unit C.

The rigidity is defined by the action of a static magnetic field, whose direction is perpendicular to the velocity vector of the particle.  This will cause a force perpendicular both to the velocity vector, and to the field, defining a plane through which the particle moves.  The definition of the Lorentz force implies that the particle's motion will be circular in a uniform field, thus giving a constant radius of curvature.

If the particle momentum, p, is given in GeV/c, then the rigidity, in tesla-metres, is Bρ = 3.3356pc/q.

References

Accelerator physics

Rigidity (electromagnetism)


Chiral resolution, or enantiomeric resolution, is a process in stereochemistry for the separation of racemic mixture into their enantiomers. It is an important tool in the production of optically active compounds, including drugs. Another term with the same meaning is optical resolution.

The use of chiral resolution to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds has the disadvantage of necessarily discarding at least half of the starting racemic mixture.  Asymmetric synthesis of one of the enantiomers is one means of avoiding this waste.

Crystallization of diastereomeric salts
The most common method for chiral resolution involves conversion of the racemic mixture to a pair of diastereomeric derivatives by reacting them with chiral derivatizing agents, also known as chiral resolving agents. The derivatives which are then separated by conventional crystallization, and converted back to the enantiomers by removal of the resolving agent. The process can be laborious and depends on the divergent solubilities of the diastereomers, which is difficult to predict. Often the less soluble diastereomer is targeted and the other is discarded or racemized for reuse. It is common to test several resolving agents. Typical derivatization involves salt formation between an amine and a carboxylic acid. Simple deprotonation then yields back the pure enantiomer. Examples of chiral derivatizing agents are tartaric acid and the amine brucine. The method was introduced (again) by Louis Pasteur in 1853 by resolving racemic tartaric acid with optically active (+)-cinchotoxine.

Case study
One modern-day method of chiral resolution is used in the organic synthesis of the drug duloxetine:

In one of its steps the racemic alcohol 1 is dissolved in a mixture of toluene and methanol to which solution is added optically active (S)-mandelic acid 3. The alcohol (S)-enantiomer forms an insoluble diastereomeric salt with the mandelic acid and can be filtered from the solution. Simple deprotonation with sodium hydroxide liberates free (S)-alcohol. In the meanwhile the (R)-alcohol remains in solution unaffected and is recycled back to the racemic mixture by epimerization with hydrochloric acid in toluene. This process is known as RRR synthesis in which the R's stand for Resolution-Racemization-Recycle.

Common resolving agents

Antimony potassium tartrate, an anion, that forms diastereomeric salts with chiral cations.
Camphorsulfonic acid, an acid that forms diastereomeric salts with chiral amines
1-Phenylethylamine, a base that forms diastereomeric salts with chiral acids. Many related chiral amines have been demonstrated.

The chiral pool consists of many widely available resolving agents.

Spontaneous resolution and related specialized techniques
Via the process known as spontaneous resolution, 5-10% of all racemates crystallize as mixtures of enantiopure crystals.  This phenomenon allowed Louis Pasteur to separate left-handed and right-handed sodium ammonium tartrate crystals. These experiments underpinned his discovery of optical activity.  In 1882 he went on to demonstrate that by seeding a supersaturated solution of sodium ammonium tartrate with a d-crystal on one side of the reactor and a l-crystal on the opposite side, crystals of opposite handedness will form on the opposite sides of the reactor.

Spontaneous resolution has also been demonstrated with racemic methadone. In a typical setup 50 grams dl-methadone is dissolved in petroleum ether and concentrated. Two millimeter-sized d- and l-crystals are added and after stirring for 125 hours at 40 °C two large d- and l-crystals are recovered in 50% yield.

Another form of direct crystallization is preferential crystallization also called resolution by entrainment of one of the enantiomers. For example, seed crystals of (−)- induce crystallization of this enantiomer from an ethanol solution of (±)-.

Chiral column chromatography
In chiral column chromatography the stationary phase is made chiral with similar resolving agents as described above.

References

Stereochemistry

Chiral resolution