Elijah bar Aaron Judah Baal Shem (about 1520 – 1583) was a Polish rabbi and kabbalist who served as chief rabbi of Chełm. One of the most eminent Talmudists of his generation, he is recorded as the first person known by the epithet "Ba'al Shem" having been considered a great saint and believed to have used miraculous powers to create a golem.

Life
Elijah was born to his father Aaron Judah in 1550. About 1565, he entered the yeshiva of Rabbi Solomon Luria of Lublin, and after receiving his rabbinical ordination, became rabbi of Chełm, a position he held for the rest of his life. In 1564, he gathered with other prominent rabbis, including his teacher, to cosign the halachic rulings, which allowed an agunah to remarry.

His great-granddaughter married Rabbi Ephraim ha-Kohen (1616–1678), author of "Sha'ar Efrayim" and grandfather of Rabbi Tzvi Ashkenazi.

The Golem of Chełm
According to Jacob Emden, the son of the aforementioned Tzvi Ashkenazi, the Golem is said to have grown so that the rabbi feared that he might destroy the world. Finally, the rabbi extracted the Shem from the forehead of his Golem, which returned to dust, but the Golem scratched his master's face in the process. An anonymous 1630 manuscript (the earliest known written legend of a contemporary figure creating a golem) recounts that the golem continued to grow that the rabbi had to destroy it by erasing the Hebrew letter aleph, first letter from the word emet (truth)(אמת) thereby rendering it met (dead)(מת).

Although Emden only mentions a scratch on the rabbi's face, a different version of the legend states that while trying to remove the life-giving name of God in an attempt to destroy the raging beast, Rabbi Elijah was crushed to death under the weight of the Golem as it fell to pieces.

Elijah's grandsons, Tzvi Ashkenazi and his son Jacob Emden, were both great Halakhists. They discussed the legal status of the golem: could the golem be counted in a minyan, the quorum of ten men required for prayer. Human form and modicum of understanding were not enough to make something human.

The tale about Elijah's creation of the Golem was retold in the book Israel der Gotteskampfer der Baalschem von Chełm und sein Golem ("Israel  God's fighter of  Baalshem of Chełm and his Golem") written by Chayim Block and published in 1920.

The attic of the Old Synagogue
According to the "Jewish Life and Work in Chełm" chapter of the Commemoration Book of Chełm (Poland) (Yisker-bukh Chełm),

"No one was allowed to enter the attic of the Old Synagogue. No one even knew where the key to the attic could be found. One person whispered to another the secret that in the attic there lies the golem of the famous Rabbi Elijah Ba'al Shem.

It was said that Elijah Ba'al Shem created from clay a golem who would stand on market days with an ax in his hand, and as soon as he saw that a peasant was going to beat up a Jew, the golem killed the peasant.

An entire week the golem served the Rabbi, the Rabbi's wife, and he performed the manual labor in the Beit Hamidrash [A Jewish house of study where the study of the Torah is undertaken].

When the local landowner found out about the golem's might, the Ba'al Shem led the golem to the attic, withdrew from him the ineffable name of God, and converted the golem into a heap of clay. The Ba'al Shem locked the door, took with him the key, and since then the attic remained bolted."

German-Jews of Jerusalem and the Crusades

According to Rabbi Elijah, German Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century. The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger. So when the knights of the First Crusade came to besiege Jerusalem, one of Dolberger's family members who was among them rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to Worms, Germany to repay the favor. Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the eleventh century.

Funeral
According to popular legend, Elijah's greatness was witnessed in dramatic fashion soon after his death. It was said that during his time, the only road to the Jewish cemetery passed by a Russian church. Whenever a Jewish funeral procession passed by, Christians would throw rocks. Elijah knew of this and requested in his will that no one move or run away if the Christians did the same following his death.

Elijah's wishes were carried out after his death. When the procession neared the church, gentiles began their ritual of pelting the coffin and the Jews with rocks, Elijah miraculously sat up and, after looking into the Torah scroll that was in the coffin [to be buried with him], the church sank together with the hooligans. The rabbi then lay back and became rigid as a corpse again. The Jews stared at each other in astonishment and the funeral procession continued. From this time forward, it was said that the hooligans no longer threw rocks during Jewish funerals.

Years later, pupils of the Kheder (Jewish elementary school) of a teacher named Leib Paks claimed that in the cellar, when jumping on the floor boards, the muffled ring of a bell sound could be heard. This led the children to believe that that was the very same spot where the church had sunk.

Grave
Within the Chełm cemetery, there was a grave without a tombstone which was covered in bricks arranged in the shape of the Hebrew letter "Bet". This was believed to be the final burial place of Rabbi Elijah. Legend has it an angel would appear on the anniversary of his death and etch a letter on a certain brick. Because of this, everyone was afraid to touch the bricks.

See also
Baal Shem
Elijah Loans

References

Baal Shem
1550 births
1583 deaths
16th-century Polish rabbis

Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chełm


Hart (Heart) is the fourth album by Dutch language rapper Brainpower. It was released April 21, 2008 on Lyric Recordings, together with his fifth album Hard (Hard) and contains the single "Eigen Werk" ("Own Work"). Hart and Hard are two albums sold together, where Hart represents the sensitive side of Brainpower with songs about his mother ("Ode Aan Me Mama" / "Ode To My Momma"), his father ("Zo Vader Zo Zoon" / "Like Father Like Son") and his girlfriend ("Als Jij Er Niet Bent" / "If You're Not Around" featuring his girlfriend Hind).

Hip Hop veteran Brainpower separates his more melodious material from his famous 'braggin' & boast' side.

Hart is based around themes like 'Anger', 'Fear', 'Hope', 'Pain' and 'Luck' and different sorts of love. The notion/word 'Hart' ('Heart') is the concept throughout. There are guest performances from Freek de Jonge, Hind and Candy Dulfer to DJs TLM and All Star Fresh.

Track listing

* Only scratches.

Album singles

2008 albums
Brainpower albums

Hart (album)


George Western Thompson (May 14, 1806 – February 24, 1888) was a nineteenth-century Virginia politician, lawyer and judge. He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives, resigning to become a state judge. During the American Civil War Judge Thompson resigned that position as because he believed the creation of West Virginia to be illegal.

Early and family life
Born in St. Clairsville, Ohio, Thompson graduated from Jefferson College in 1824, then studied law in Richmond, Virginia.

He married Elizabeth Steenrod (1817-1897). They had four sons, none of whom survived their mother, and two daughters. Their sons included Confederate Col. William P. Thompson (1837-1896, who became a vice president of Standard Oil as well as president of the Lead Trust); Lewis Thompson (1833-1918); George Western Thompson (1846-1895, who served a president of the Ohio River Railroad, and was married to Frances Belle Jackson, daughter of General John Jay Jackson); and Daniel Steenrod Thompson (1853-1893). His daughter Anna Gaither Thompson married Johnson Newlon Camden who became a prominent industrialist, banker and railroad organizer in West Virginia and U.S. Senator, although both his gubernatorial runs failed.

Career
After admission to the Ohio bar in 1826, Thompson began his legal practice in St. Clairsville in 1828.

He moved across the Ohio River to what was Virginia in 1837 and became deputy postmaster of Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1838. He was later appointed to a commission to settle jurisdiction of the Ohio River between Virginia and Ohio.

President James K. Polk appointed Thompson United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, and he served as from 1848 to 1850. A Democrat, Thompson won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1850, serving from 1851 until his resignation in 1852 when the Virginia General Assembly elected him judge of the circuit court. As both Congressman and state judge, he was involved in cases involving the Wheeling Suspension Bridge (completed in 1849) and a nearby railroad bridge which helped Wheeling become an important gateway city between the Ohio River valley and Eastern and international markets. As Congressman, Thompson introduced documents supporting the bridge (including resolutions of the Ohio and Virginia state legislatures), which impeded large steamboats to Pittsburgh. Congress passed a law declaring it a post road, so it was not torn down despite the United States Supreme Court finding it impeded Ohio River navigation. Virginia's General Assembly reelected Thompson as circuit judge in 1860.

However, after Virginia voters in May 1861 approved the ordinance of secession which had been passed by the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 despite the Unionist stance of most delegates from northwestern Virginia (including near Wheeling), Unionists attended the Wheeling Convention which established the Restored Government of Virginia. Thompson left office in 1861, refusing to take the oath of office to support what he believed was an unconstitutional action to set up the present State of West Virginia. Ralph Lazier Berkshire, whom he had defeated in the judicial contest and who supported West Virginia's statehood, would be elected his successor and later first chief justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals.

His son William P. Thompson, who had become a lawyer in Virginia in 1857, recruited the "Marion Greys" and became a colonel of the 19th Virginia Infantry. Another son, George Western Thompson (1846-1895), became involved with the Ohio River Railroad and served as president until his death in 1895. After the war, William Thompson joined with his brother-in-law and another man and became president of the Camden Consolidated Oil Company, which in 1881 merged into Standard Oil Company, of which Thompson became vice-president and moved to Cleveland, Ohio.

Death and legacy
Meanwhile, Judge Thompson retired to his estate near Wheeling, West Virginia where he eventually died on February 24, 1888. He was interred there in Stone Church cemetery in Elm Grove.

References

1806 births
1888 deaths
Virginia lawyers
Virginia state court judges
Virginia postmasters
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
People from St. Clairsville, Ohio
Politicians from Wheeling, West Virginia
United States Attorneys for the Western District of Virginia
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
19th-century American politicians
Lawyers from Wheeling, West Virginia
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers
Virginia circuit court judges

George W. Thompson (politician)


Steve Oliff (born February 20, 1954) is an American comic book artist who has worked as a colorist in the comics industry since 1978.

Biography
Oliff broke into professional comics by attending comic book conventions and meeting people. At one convention he met publisher Byron Preiss. Preiss gave Oliff his first major coloring job (on a Shadowjack story in The Illustrated Roger Zelazny). More work with Preiss's publications followed, including a job on a Howard Chaykin graphic novel, which in turn led to Oliff getting his first Marvel Comics' job, coloring Bill Sienkiewicz's first Moon Knight story in The Hulk! magazine. From there Oliff went on to color hundreds of titles in a variety of coloring formats.

Olyoptics and Akira
His company, Olyoptics, was one of the first to use computers to do color separation. Although other companies at the time were experimenting with computers, Oliff and his crew were the first to blend the color guide artist with the separator

In 1987, the Japanese manga Akira was in preparation to be translated and published by Marvel Comics's Epic Comics line. Oliff was chosen as the colorist, and he convinced Marvel that it was time to try computer color. After the publication of Akira in 1988, computer coloring became increasingly prevalent in the comics industry. Oliff's work in Akira earned him an Eisner Award in 1992.

Writing
In addition to coloring thousands of comic pages for all sorts of companies, Oliff has written two comic books, Armature and Armature: Darkpark and Lightworld, and is currently writing the third in his series.  The Armature character first appeared in ads in Spawn and Youngblood comics, and in a back-up story in issue 14 of The Maxx. From 2003 to the present, Armature has been a weekly comic strip in Oliff's local newspaper, the Independent Coast Observer.

In 2005, Oliff collaborated with Cheri Carlstedt on a history of his hometown, Point Arena, California. The Early Days of Point Arena: A Pictorial History of the City and Township was published by Olyoptics. He also edits the Mendocino County Historical Society newsletter.

Awards
Oliff won the "Best Colorist" Eisner Award in 1992, 1993 and 1994 and the "Best Colorist" Harvey Award in 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1995.

He was awarded the Inkpot Award in 1991.

Notes

References

External links

People from Point Arena, California
Living people
Eisner Award winners for Best Coloring
Harvey Award winners for Best Colorist
1954 births
Comics colorists
Inkpot Award winners

Steve Oliff


or  was a Sengoku period female warrior (Onna-musha). She was the daughter of Ōhōri Yasumochi, a chief priest of Ōyamazumi Shrine on the island of Ōmishima in Iyo Province. She went to battle several times, and her claim to divine inspiration coupled with fighting skills has led to her being compared with Joan of Arc. Tsuruhime's legacy established her as one of the most recognizable female warriors in Japanese history.

Life

Ōhōri Tsuruhime was born in 1526. She was the third daughter of Ōhōri Yasumochi, chief priest (Kannushi) of the Ōyamazumi Shrine, on the island of Ōmishima, north of Iyo province and about 30 miles southeast of Hiroshima. The island is in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan (Setouchi). The Shinto shrine was founded in 594 and is dedicated to Ōyamatsumi, the older brother of the Japanese sun goddess Amaterasu, the god of mountains, seas and wars. The temple was a place of pilgrimage for samurai, who left weapons and armor as a sacrifice. It gradually became a museum of weaponry.

At that time the island was under threat from the growing power of Ōuchi Yoshitaka (1507-1551) from Yamaguchi on the mainland of Honshu. Yoshitaka owned the regions of Kyushu and Chūgoku. In 1534, a war broke out between the Ōuchi clan and the Kōno clan (野氏) from Shikoku, which owned the Ōyamatsumi Temple. Tsuruhime's two elder brothers were killed during a conflict. In 1541, when Tsuruhime was 15 years old her father died of illness, and she inherited the position of chief priest. She had been trained since childhood in the martial arts, and when the Ōuchi made further attacks against Ōmishima, she led an armed resistance to defend the island. She proclaimed herself the avatar of Myojin of Mishima (三島 明 神), a powerful kami shrine. She led an army into battle and drove the Ōuchi samurai back into the sea when they raided Ōmishima in 1541.

Four months later the invaders returned. Tsuruhime led troops with a surprise counterattack on the enemy ships. While an Ōuchi general, Ohara Takakoto, was being entertained on his flagship, he came under attack by Tsuruhime in a raid. She successfully boarded general Takakoto's ship and summoned him to a duel. According to another version, Tsuruhime secretly climbed onto the ship where the Ouchi samurai were feasting. At first Takakoto mocked her presumption, but Tsuruhime won the duel and killed Takakoto. One account states that "Takatoto's disrespectful words to Tsuruhime were sharp, but not as sharp as the sword with which she stabbed him in return." This was followed by a deluge of hōrokubiya (焙烙火矢; spherical exploding bombs) from Tsuruhime's allies to destroy many ships, which drove the Ōuchi fleet away. In 1543, when Tsuruhime was seventeen, she rejoined battling the Ōuchi. Sue Harukata's fleet defeated the Kono clan's troops. Tsuruhime was overcome with grief after hearing that her fiancé, Yasunari Ochi (born in 1522), had been killed in action. Tsuruhime set up an ambush, in which she defeated Ouchi's army. According to legend, she committed suicide by drowning due to grief for her beloved. Her last words were: "As Mishima's ocean as my witness, my love shall be engraved with my name." Though she is romanticized to have died when she was young, there are no known contemporary records that confirm it.

Legacy
The Dō-maru armor kept in Ōyamazumi Shrine is considered the armor worn by Tsuruhime in battle. In 1959, the armor was included in the Lists of National Treasures of Japan. The Shrine holds festivals and processions in honor of Tsuruhime. The procession is led by a woman dressed in a Tsuruhime costume. Kyōtei boat races are held and many people attend the celebrations.

Tsuruhime became more famous among the general public by the 1966 book Sea, Woman & Armor - Jeanne d'Arc of Setouchi (海と女と鎧―瀬戸内のジャンヌ・ダルク), written by the author Mishima Yasukiyo (三島 安精).

See also
Onna-musha
Tomoe Gozen
Hangaku Gozen

References

1526 births
1543 deaths
Japanese military personnel who committed suicide
Japanese women in warfare
People of Sengoku-period Japan
Suicides by drowning in Japan
Women in 16th-century warfare
Women of medieval Japan
16th-century women rulers
16th-century Japanese women
16th-century Japanese people
16th-century suicides
People from Ehime Prefecture

Ōhōri Tsuruhime


Frederick or Fred Roberts may refer to:

Military
 Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts (1832–1914), British Army field marshal and Victoria Cross recipient
 Frederick Roberts (VC, born 1872) (1872–1899), British Army officer and Victoria Cross recipient, son of the above
 Fred Roberts, British soldier and editor of the First World War trench newspaper The Wipers Times
 Fred Roberts (RAF officer) (1913–1996), British Royal Air Force officer and cricketer

Politics
 Frederick Roberts (British politician) (1876–1941), British Labour Party Member of Parliament, 1918–1931, 1935–1941
 Frederick Madison Roberts (1879–1952), first African-American elected to the California State Assembly

Sports

Cricket
 Frederick Roberts (cricketer, born 1848) (1848–1903), English cricketer for Surrey
 Frederick G. Roberts (1862–1936), English cricketer for Gloucestershire
 Frederick Roberts (Somerset cricketer) (1881–?), English cricketer for Somerset

Other sports
 Fred Roberts (baseball) (1873–?), American baseball player
 Fred Roberts (American football coach) (1875–1959), American football coach of the Oklahoma Sooners
 Fred Roberts (rugby union) (1881–1956), New Zealand rugby union footballer for The Original All Blacks
 Fred Roberts (footballer, born 1905) (1905–1988), Irish footballer
 Fred Roberts (American football guard) (born 1907), American football player for Iowa Hawkeyes and Portsmouth Spartans
 Fred Roberts (footballer, born 1909) (1909–1979), English football forward for Birmingham and Luton Town
 Fred Roberts (born 1960), American basketball player

Others
 Fred C. Roberts (1862–1894), English physician and medical missionary
 Fred S. Roberts (born 1943), American mathematician

Frederick Roberts


Fairways + Greens was a bi-monthly golf magazine published by Madavor Media in the United States. It was a consumer magazine dedicated to the game of golf and all the elements surrounding it, with particular emphasis on travel, lifestyle, the personalities who shape the game, equipment, accessories, opinion, history and humor. Content covered destinations, golf courses and resorts in the United States and internationally. It was in circulation between 1997 and 2014.

History
Fairways + Greens was established in 1997 in Reno, Nevada, with coverage originally limited to Northern Nevada and parts of Northern California. The magazine was acquired by new ownership in 2000, then sold to two editorial employees in 2004. In 2006 the magazine underwent a complete redesign and was repositioned as a "super-regional" covering all of the American West. Madavor Media, a small enthusiast magazine publishing company based in Quincy, Massachusetts, took over ownership in 2010, adding an East Coast version of Fairways + Greens for several months and finally combining both editions into one national publication.

In 2012, the magazine was renamed GolfGetaways and the first issue under this name appeared on November 6, 2012. The editors of the magazine acquired Madavor Media LLC through Intermountain Golf Travel, LLC. The last print issue appeared in August 2014. Then it began to produce monthly digital editions on the online platforms, including Apple, Amazon and Google Play, beginning September 8, 2014.

Recognition
In 2006 Fairways + Greens won first place honors in the category of "Best Consumer Redesign" from the annual Folio: Eddie and Ozzie Awards. From 2005 to 2011, Fairways + Greens has won numerous First Place and Outstanding Achievement Awards from the International Network of Golf in several writing categories including travel, opinion, profile, equipment and fashion, along with photography and illustration.

References

External links
Official website

-
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Online magazines published in the United States
Sports magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Golf magazines
Magazines established in 1997
Magazines disestablished in 2014
Magazines published in Nevada
Online magazines with defunct print editions

Fairways + Greens


The North Carolina Aviation Museum and North Carolina Aviation Hall of Fame displays a collection across two hangars of static aircraft, uniforms and memorabilia, and an extensive collection of aircraft models.  Nearly all aircraft on display are privately owned and on loan. All aircraft on display are kept in flight-worthy condition and the collection changes periodically.  Aircraft restoration and museum operations is performed by a small staff of paid employees along with volunteers. It is not to be confused with the Carolinas Aviation Museum, located in Charlotte.

History
Founded in 1994 by Asheboro businessman Jim Peddycord as the Foundation for Aircraft Conservation, what would eventually become the museum first started out with a couple of his "warbirds" and an empty hangar at the Asheboro Regional Airport.

In 1996, Peddycord spearheaded an air show held in June to generate support for the museum.  About this time, Bob Moon offered to serve as the facility's first manager. During Moon's three years there, he assembled dozens of aircraft of all types, which he would later donate to the facility. Many of those models still hang from the NCAM's gift shop ceiling, which was named after him following Moon's October 2007 death.

In 1997, a second air show was scheduled for June 5. Peddycord and his son Rick were killed the day before the event when their two aircraft collided in mid-air during practice. The facility was renamed the Peddycord Foundation for Aircraft Conservation (PFAC) in Peddycord's honor; another local businessman, Craig Branson, continued the effort to draw support for the PFAC.

In 1998, Branson purchased a B-25 for restoration and generated enough local support to have a second hangar built to house the aircraft. The aircraft was completely restored in 2004 and made limited flights in 2004-5.

In 2001-2, the facility was renamed The North Carolina Aviation Museum, reflecting an expanded mission that included artifacts, uniforms, weapons, artwork and models. During this time-frame, the NCAM was also designated as the official site for the North Carolina Aviation Hall of Fame. Both names were combined and now the facility is referred to as the North Carolina Aviation Museum and Hall of Fame.

Branson died in 2006.  In 2008, the museum featured a F4U-4 Corsair, courtesy of Classic Fighters of America pilot Doug Matthews, one of an estimated 40 air-worthy examples in the world.

Collection

Current

Aircraft

 Piper J-3 Flitfire - Orville Wright flew in this plane in 1943 (as part of a fund-raising campaign for the RAF Benevolent Fund by Piper Aircraft Company).
 1930 Savoia-Marchetti S.56, one of only two remaining in the world. It is on three-year loan from the Reynolda House Museum of American Art in Winston-Salem, N.C.
 Cessna L-19 Bird Dog - A Korean War era aircraft designed to identify enemy operating positions.
 Stearman PT-13D Kaydet- a standard primary trainer flown by the United States and several allied nations during the late 1930s through World War II.
 Beechcraft T-34 Mentor - a propeller-driven, single-engined, military trainer aircraft derived from the Beechcraft Model 35 Bonanza. It was listed for sale as of Oct. 1, 2010)
 Pilatus P-3 - Swiss primary training aircraft, Switzerland's attempt to create an aircraft similar in design and function to the T-34 "Mentor."
 Fairchild F-22- Two-seat, light sport/utility plane.
 Shehane Aerosport Quail - Experimental aircraft built in 1978, uses Volkswagen engine for power plant, one of a kind.
 Denney Kitfox - complete frame, awaiting engine, skin, controls before construction can begin.
 Purcell Sea Sprite - a 1975 experimental aircraft, one of a kind.
 Purcell Flightsail Pelican - a 1990s experimental aircraft, one of a kind.
 Rutan VariEze - composite canard aircraft, 1st sold in N.C., 3rd sold in U.S., currently under active restoration as of June 1, 2010 by Mike/Ryan White.
 Link Trainers - flight simulators awaiting restoration, used for pilot training from the 1930s until the early 1960s.
 BAI Aerospace Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - was used aboard the Coast Guard Cutter, the USS Harriet Lane until 2002.
 Curtis Wright J-65 jet engine

Vehicles
 WWII era Plymouth staff car
 1942 Harley-Davidson motorcycle
 1977 Army Jeep
 President Truman's Presidential Limo / armored car

Past

 F4U-4 Corsair
 B-25
 Beechcraft C-45A
 Beechcraft T-34 Mentor

Large scale models
In addition to 150+ aircraft models displayed suspended from the ceiling of the gift shop, the collection includes scale models with wingspans of up to ten feet:
 1903 Wright Flyer
 P-47D Thunderbolt
 BF-19 Messerschmitt
 P-51 Mustang

Fly-in

Since 1996, the museum has sponsored a fly-in the second Saturday in June.  The event includes visiting aircraft displays, free small airplane flights for children, helicopter rides, a racing car exhibit, Ham Radio demonstrations, face painting by the Marines, remote control model aircraft, and scale model displays. In 2009, the "NCAM's Third Annual Fly-In attracted about 80 aircraft and 1,500 patrons. At the fourth fly-in in 2010, those figures jumped to 150 aircraft and more than 2,500 people. On the day of the 2012 Fly in, there were between 120 and 150 airplanes including  the Korean War Hero and a Beech 18 and over 1,000 patrons.

See also

 Carolinas Aviation Museum
 North American aviation halls of fame

References

External links

Aerospace museums in North Carolina
Museums established in 1994
Asheboro, North Carolina
Museums in Randolph County, North Carolina
1994 establishments in North Carolina

North Carolina Aviation Museum


Simon James Dawson (June 13, 1818 – October 30, 1902) was a Canadian civil engineer and politician.

Career
Born in Redhaven, Banffshire, Scotland, Dawson emigrated to Canada as a young man and began his career as an engineer. In 1857, as a member of a Canadian government expedition, he surveyed a line of road from Prince Arthur's Landing (later Port Arthur, now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) to Fort Garry and further explored that area in 1858 and 1859. His report greatly stimulated Canadian interest in the West. In 1868, he was placed in charge of construction of a wagon and water route following his earlier survey by the newly formed federal Department of Public Works. The Dawson road was traversed in 1870 by the Wolseley Expedition under the command of Colonel Garnet Wolseley sent to preserve order during the first Riel uprising, the Red River Rebellion.

Dawson represented Algoma in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1878 and Algoma in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1891. As a politician, he was a consistent advocate for native rights. In 1875, he proposed that the riding of Algoma, then the only riding in the region of northern Ontario, become a separate territory, until it had enough population for provincial status. As a Scottish Roman Catholic, he was an anomaly in Protestant Ontario where most Scots were Presbyterian.

His brother William McDonell Dawson served as Crown Lands agent at Ottawa and was superintendent of the woods and forests branch in the Crown Lands department from 1852 to 1857. In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Trois-Rivières; he was defeated there but elected for the County of Ottawa in the 1861 general election. Another brother was the Roman Catholic priest Aeneas McDonell Dawson.

He died in Ottawa in 1902, virtually forgotten.

Electoral Record

References

Archives
Simon James Dawson fonds, Library and Archives Canada. Archival reference number R4465.

Further reading
 Elizabeth Arthur, Simon J. Dawson C.E. (Thunder Bay, Ont. : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1987) 36 pages.
 Janet E. Chute and Alan Knight, "Taking up the torch : Simon J. Dawson and the Upper Great Lakes' Native Resource Campaign of the 1860s and 1870s," in With Good Intentions : Euro-Canadian and Aboriginal Relations in Colonial Canada (Vancouver : UBC Press, 2006), 106-131.
 Irene J. Dawson, "The Dawson Route 1857-1883 : a Selected Bibliography with Annotations," Ontario History, LIX (no. 1, March 1967), 47-54.
 Jack Munroe, "Mr Dawson's Road," Beaver, 71 (1) 1991, 6-11.

External links

 Ontario Plaques – Simon James Dawson
 Plan of Mr. Dawson's Road from Thunder Bay to Lake Shebandowan 1871

1818 births
1902 deaths
Canadian civil engineers
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Immigrants to Upper Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Ontario Liberal Party MPPs
People from Banffshire
Politicians from Thunder Bay
Politicians from Ottawa
Pre-Confederation Ontario people
Scottish civil engineers
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Scottish Roman Catholics

Simon James Dawson


Lucarno (February 10, 2004 - March 20, 2018) is a Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for winning the St Leger in 2007.

Background
Lucarno is a big, powerful bay horse, standing 16.3 hands high, bred in Pennsylvania by his owner George W. Strawbridge, Jr. He was sired by Dynaformer whose other offspring includes Barbaro and McDynamo.

The colt was sent to race in Europe where he was trained by John Gosden. He was ridden in most of his races by Jimmy Fortune.

Racing career

2007: three-year-old season
Unraced as a two-year-old, Lucarno made his racecourse debut in a maiden race at Newbury Racecourse in April in which he started a 50/1 outsider and finished second of the sixteen runners behind Diamond Tycoon. He then made rapid progress, winning a maiden over a mile at Kempton Park by seven lengths and the Listed Fairway Stakes over ten furlongs at Newmarket Racecourse in May.

In June, Lucarno started a 16/1 outsider for The Derby and finished fourth of the seventeen runners behind Authorized, Eagle Mountain and Aqaleem. Later that month he started favourite for the King Edward VII Stakes at Royal Ascot but was beaten into second place by the Mark Johnston-trained Boscobel. In July, the colt was matched against older horses for the first time in the Princess of Wales's Stakes and finished fourth behind the four-year-old Papal Bull. In August Lucarno contested the Great Voltigeur Stakes at York Racecourse and started 7/2 second favourite in a field which included Boscobel and four runner from Aidan O'Brien's Ballydoyle stable, headed by the Gordon Stakes winner Yellowstone and the Queen's Vase winner Mahler. Lucarno raced on the outside, but was among the leaders throughout the race before taking the lead approaching the final furlong and winning by a lengths from Yellowstone.

At Doncaster Racecourse on 15 September 2007, Lucarno started 7/2 second favourite for the 231st running of the St Leger Stakes. The Ballydoyle stable again fielded four runners including Mahler and the favourite Honolulu, a colt who had finished second under a weight of 128 pounds in the Ebor Handicap. Lucarno raced just behind the leaders before making progress in the straight. He took the lead a furlong out and stayed on to win by a length from Mahler, with Honolulu three quarters of a length away in third place.

2008: four-year-old season
Lucarno began his four-year-old season in disappointing form, finishing eleventh in the Brigadier Gerard Stakes at Sandown Park in May and sixth of nine behind Youmzain in the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud a month later. On 10 July he started at odds of 6/1 for the Princess of Wales's Stakes at Newmarket. Papal Bull, the winner of the race in 2007 started favourite ahead of the Lancashire Oaks winner Anna Pavlova and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe third Sagara. Fortune sent Lucarno into the lead from the start and he was never seriously challenged, winning by one and a quarter lengths from Papal Bull (to whom he was conceding five pounds) with the outsider Petara Bay in third. Sixteen days later, Lucarno contested Britain's most prestigious weight-for-age race, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot. Starting the 8/1 third favourite he raced in second place until the last quarter mile but faded in the closing stages to finish seventh of the eight runners behind Duke of Marmalade, who won by a length from Papal Bull. Lucarno failed to recover his best form in Autumn: he was beaten more than nineteen lengths when finishing fifth in the Grosser Preis von Baden and eighth of ten behind Marsh Side in the Canadian International.

Stud career
Retired to stud for the 2009 season, Lucarno stood at Wood Farm Stud in Ellerdine, Wellington, Shropshire, before moving to the Shade Oak Stud in the same county. He has been primarily marketed as a National Hunt stallion.

He died of a heart attack at Longford House Stud in County Tipperary on March 20, 2018

Pedigree

References

2004 racehorse births
2018 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Pennsylvania
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 9-f
St Leger winners

Lucarno


Rotavirus is a virus that causes diarrhoea. Most of the time only children who are younger than five years old get the disease. The signs of the disease are severe diarrhoea and vomiting, which start suddenly and last for two or three days. Rotavirus also causes diarrhoea in animals. A vaccine, which prevents children from getting the disease is available in many countries.

Like most viruses, rotaviruses are made from RNA and protein. The RNA carries the genes that are used to make more rotaviruses. They are called rotaviruses because they sometimes look like little wheels and "rota" is the latin word for "wheel". Rotaviruses get into the body through the mouth and are not present in the air unlike the viruses that cause colds. The disease is often spread by dirty hands and things used for cooking, but the viruses can dirty water. Rotaviruses are very small. They are a lot smaller than bacteria and can only be seen using an electron microscope.

Children who have not been vaccinated usually get infected more than once. But when children are about five years old they are usually immune and cannot get it any more. This is because their bodies have become resistant to the viruses.

Rotaviruses infect the cells that the small intestine is made from. This makes it difficult for the body to digest food. Children usually make a complete recovery from the infection. But it is very important to make sure they drink enough water to replace what they are losing. In many countries the medicine used is called "oral rehydration solution". This comes in a small packet that is added to drinking water. It contains salt and sugar, which helps the body take up the water.

Rotaviruses were discovered in the 1970s.  Since then doctors and scientists have shown that they are a problem to children all over the world. More than 500,000 children die from rotavirus infection each year and almost two million more become severely ill.  The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are helping to pay for rotavirus vaccines in countries that cannot afford to buy them. Between 2006 and 2011 it gave more than 82 million US dollars.

References

Other websites
Preventing gastroenteritis in children, National Health Service, UK

Diseases caused by viruses
Viruses

Rotavirus


Ludvík Podéšť, pseudonym Ludvík Binovský (19 December 1921 in Dubňany – 27 February 1968 in Prague), was a Czech composer, conductor, music journalist and editor.

Life and career
Podéšť studied music composition at Brno Conservatory under Jaroslav Kvapil from 1941, graduating in 1948. He became a music reporter for the Czech Radio studio in Brno while studying musicology at Masaryk University under Bohumír Štědroň and Jan Racek. In Brno, he also worked as director of the Radost Youth Choir, for whom he wrote a large number of choral works. For the years 1953–1956, Podéšť replaced Radim Drejsl (1923–1953) as director of the Vít Nejedlý Army Artistic Ensemble (Armádní umělecký soubor Víta Nejedlého) in Prague, then during 1958–1961, he worked as an editor of music broadcasts for Czechoslovak Television. After 1961 he devoted himself exclusively to composition, only occasionally working as a freelancer.  From 1966 until his death, Podéšť lived in Morocco with his wife, who was a doctor.

Podéšť composed two operas, five operettas, music for Czech feature films, orchestral music, vocal and chamber works. His first classical works were influenced by constructivism (such as the String Quartet No. 1, the piano fantasies Písně smutné paní, the Woodwind Quintet and Cello Sonata), but later found inspiration in folklore and in the work of the Moravian composer Leoš Janáček (for example the symphonic poem Raymonda Dienová, the orchestral rhapsody Advent and Maminka for children's chorus and orchestra). With the works created during his years in Morocco, Podéšť utilized elements of the local music culture and began to modernize his musical language (for example Hamada for orchestra and the Partita for strings, guitar and percussion).

His composing style contains contradictory elements; he composed classical music as well as popular songs promoting optimistic visions of the Czechoslovak communist régime. Following the suicide of Radim Drejsl he became one of the most important Czech composers of the politically engaged songs called "budovatelské písně". Podéšť composed a number of songs within the genre of popular music and "trampská hudba". His songs are catchy, especially noted for their pleasing melodies and jolly optimism.

Podéšť is the author of several professional journal studies such as Za odkazem V. Nejedlého (Vít Nejedlý Legacy; Hudební rozhledy, Vol. 8, 1955), Harmonická práce L. Janáčka (The Harmonic Work of Leoš Janáček; Hudební rozhledy, Vol. 10, 1957) and Hovoříme o hudbě (Talking about Music; Blok, Vol. 3, p. 302).

Selected works
Stage
 Když se Anička vdávala (When Anička Married), Operetta (1950); libretto by Pantůček and Jiří Štuchal
 Slepice a kostelník, Operetta (1951); libretto by Jaroslav Zrotal and Pantůček
 Bez cymbálu nejsou hody, Operetta (1953); libretto by Michal Sedloň
 Tři apokryfy, 3 One-Act Chamber Operas after stories from Apocryphal Tales by Karel Čapek (1957–1958); libretto by the composer
   Staré zlaté časy, t. pod názvem O úpadku doby (The Good Old Days)
   Svatá noc (Holy Night)
   Romeo a Julie (Romeo and Juliet)
 Hrátky s čertem (Playing with the Devil), Comic Opera in 7 scenes (1957–1960); libretto by the composer after the play by Jan Drda
 Emílek a dynamit, Operetta (1960); libretto by Vilém Dubský and Josef Barchánek
 Filmová hvězda (Film-Star), Operetta (1960); libretto by K. M. Walló
 Noci na seně (A Night on the Hay), Operetta in 3 acts; libretto by Zdeněk Endris and Zdeněk Borovec

Orchestral
 Symfonie (1947–1948)
 Fašaňk, Suite for orchestra (1951)
 Raymonda Dienová, Symphonic Poem (1950, revised 1952)
 Dva moravské tance (2 Moravian Dances) for orchestra (1953)
   Odzemek
   Cigáň
 Čínské jaro (Chinese Spring), Suite from the film for orchestra (1954)
 Advent, Rhapsody on themes from the film score after Jarmila Glazarová for large orchestra (1956)
 Suite for orchestra (1956)
 Siciliana, Variations for orchestra (1957)
 Azurové moře for orchestra (1967)
 Hamada, Study in Monotony for orchestra (1967)
 Partita pro smyčce, kytaru a bicí for electric guitar, percussion (4 players) and string orchestra (1967)

Concertante
 Hudba ve starém slohu (Music in Old Style) for piano and string orchestra (1949)
 Concerto No. 1 for piano and orchestra (1952, revised 1953)
 Concerto "Jarní serenáda" (Spring Serenade) for violin and orchestra (1953)
 Concerto No. 2 for piano and orchestra (1958–1959)
 Concertino for 2 cimbaloms and orchestra (1962)
 Concertino for 2 cellos and chamber orchestra (1965)
 Valčíkové variace (Waltz Variations) for trumpet and orchestra (1965)

Chamber music
 String Quartet No. 1 (1942)
 Litanie, String Quartet in 1 movement (1944)
 Hojačky for 2 clarinets and piano (1945)
 Woodwind Quintet (1946)
 Sonata for violin and piano (1947)
 Pět jarních dní (Five Spring Days), String Quartet No. 2 (1948)
 Suite for viola and piano (1956)
 Sonata for 2 cellos and piano (1957)
 Tři skladby (3 Pieces) for violin and piano (1958)

Piano
 Písně smutné paní, 4 Fantasies (1941)
 Sonatina (1945)
 Stesky, Cycle of Miniatures (1946)
 Suite (1946)
 Sonata (1946)

Vocal
 Gitandžalí for low voice and piano (1942); words by I. Hubíková (1942)
 Písně na slova Olgy Scheinpflugové (Songs on Words of Olga Scheinpflugová) for alto and piano (1943)
 Maminčiny písně for soprano and piano (1943); words by Jaroslav Seifert
 Popěvky o vojácích for soprano, tenor and orchestra (1945); words by the composer
 Písně a popěvky for medium voice and chamber ensemble (1946); words by Vítězslav Nezval (1946)
 Písně z koncentráku for baritone and orchestra (1946); words by Josef Čapek
 Legendy o panně Marii (Legends of the Virgin Mary) for alto (1947)
 Měsíce (The Moon), Song Cycle on Poems of Karel Toman for soprano and orchestra (1948, revised 1957–1958)
 Květomluva for child soloist and chamber ensemble (1948)
 Každodenní malé písně for medium voice and piano (1948); words by the composer
 Tiše for voice and piano (1948–1949); words by František Halas
 Moja rodná for tenor and orchestra (1949); words by Ján Kostra
 Domů jedu domovinou svou for tenor and orchestra (1954); words by Oldřich Mikulášek; won first prize in the 1955 Great Jubilee Competition of the Czech Composers Union (Velká jubilejní soutěž Svazu českých skladatelů)
 Maminka (The Mummy), Song for medium voice and piano (1954); words by Jaroslav Seifert
 Písně na staré motivy (Songs on Ancient Themes) for baritone (or alto) and chamber orchestra (1955–1956)
 Divoký chmel, 4 Songs for baritone and piano (1960); words by Ivan Skála
 Každodenní malé písně, Song Cycle for high voice and piano (1967–1968)
 Tesknice for low voice, flute, viola, cello and piano; words by František Halas

Choral
 Smrt (Death), Cantata (1942); words by Olga Scheinpflugová
 Píseň o rodné zemi for male chorus (1946); words by Jaroslav Seifert
 Píseň o Stalinu, Cantata (1950); words by Stanislav Kostka Neumann
 Píseň o veliké době, Cantata (1950–1951); words by Ivan Skála
 Láska za lásku for mixed chorus and orchestra (1951)
 Veselé město, Suite for mixed chorus and large variety band (1952–1953)
 Láska pěknější, Cantata for soprano, alto, tenor, bass, female chorus and piano (1954–1955); words by Josef Kainar; won the Josef Bohuslav Foerster Prize, second prize in the 1955 Great Jubilee Competition of the Czech Composers Union (Velká jubilejní soutěž Svazu českých skladatelů)
 Praha (Prague) for male chorus (1955)
 Maminka, Song for children's chorus and orchestra (1963); words by Jaroslav Seifert
 Nadešel čas for unison chorus and piano; words by Stanislav Kostka Neumann
 Šťastnou cestu for soloist, chorus and orchestra
 Vojáček modrooký for soprano, male chorus and chamber orchestra with cimbalom
 Všední den for unison chorus; words by T. Pantůček
 Všichni jsme mladí for mixed chorus and orchestra

Film scores

Sources
 Ludvík Podéšť at the Czech Music Dictionary
 Ludvík Podéšť at the Database of Czech Composers and Compositions (Databáze skladeb a skladatelů)

References

External links

1921 births
1968 deaths
People from Dubňany
Czech classical composers
Czech male classical composers
Czech film score composers
Czech music journalists
Male film score composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Czech male musicians
Masaryk University alumni
Brno Conservatory alumni

Ludvík Podéšť


Joseph William Shepard, also known as J. W. Shepard (died December 7, 1946), was a pioneer in Collin County, Texas.

He was the son of Lewis Shepard and Mary Ann Huffman. He married Mollie Cathering Haggard and together they had six children.

Shepard owned a thousand-acre (4 km²) ranch in the Collin County area. The Plano area became famous in the late 19th century for mule breeding. Shepard became well known for this and also for breeding registered horses and jacks. He shipped his mules throughout the United States, and to Mexico and Honduras.

In 1890, Shepard opened a general store on his ranch, and the farming town of Shepton developed in the vicinity of the store.

Shepard served on the local school board, the local church and was a civic leader in the area. In addition to the town of Shepton, Texas, Shepard Elementary School and Shepton High School were also named in his honor.

Sources

 Shepton High School History
 City of Plano Historic Week Facts
 Mallory, Randy Heritage in a High-Tech Town: Historic Downtown Plano Texas Highways

1946 deaths
Year of birth missing
People from Plano, Texas

Joseph W. Shepard


39 Welsh Row is a Victorian former savings bank, in Jacobean Revival style, in Nantwich, Cheshire, England. It stands on the south side of Welsh Row at the junction with St Anne's Lane (at ). Dating from 1846, it is listed at grade II. Nikolaus Pevsner describes number 39 as "the first noteworthy building" on Welsh Row, which he considers "the best street of Nantwich". The street has many listed buildings and is known for its mixture of architectural styles, including timber-framed black-and-white cottages such as the Wilbraham's and Widows' Almshouses, Georgian town houses such as Townwell House and number 83, and Victorian buildings such as the former Grammar School, Primitive Methodist Chapel and Tollemache Almshouses.

39 Welsh Row is one of three banks in the town dating from the Victorian era which are listed buildings; the others are the former District Bank, designed by Alfred Waterhouse, and Barclays Bank, designed by Thomas Bower, both of which are on Churchyard Side. Number 39 is currently used as offices.

History
The Savings Bank was built in 1846, and cost an estimated £970. Two earlier independent banks had been established in the town, but had proved short-lived, failing in 1816 and 1826. By 20 November 1848, the Savings Bank had 1079 deposits, of which 1064 were private, nine were from charitable societies and six from friendly societies. Savings banks were intended to assist the poor to save money for periods of hardship, and most deposits at that date were relatively modest, with nearly half no more than £20 (around £1,500 today), and only seven above £200 (£15,600 today). In 1850, it opened only twice monthly, on the first and third Monday of the month. It was then one of two banks in the town, the other being a branch of the Manchester and Liverpool District Bank on the High Street. By 1874, the bank was open weekly, on Mondays between 11 and 1.

The Savings Bank was still at Welsh Row in 1914; however, by 1930 it had amalgamated with the Chester & Wrexham District Savings Bank and moved to 29 High Street. In the early 20th century the building was in a dilapidated condition. By 1971, 39 Welsh Row was used as offices for Pearl Assurance.

Description

The former bank is a detached single-storey building in Jacobean Revival style, set back from the street behind railings. In red brick under a slate roof, it has decorative blue-brick diapering and stone dressings on the Welsh Row (front) face. The central bay of the front face projects slightly and has a prominent shaped gable, finished with a stone coping and three triangular finials; the gable contains a circular stone moulding, formerly a clock face, and a stone plaque inscribed "Savings Bank erected A.D. MDCCCXLVI". The central bay has a canted bay window surmounted by a stone balustrade with foliage decoration and cross-shaped openings. The flanking bays each have a single window, and all three windows to the front face have stone mullions and transoms and hexagonal-latticed lights.

The main entrance is in a gabled porch attached to the St Anne's Lane (left) face; the doorway, reached by a short flight of stone steps, is undecorated and has a stone top. The sides of the Welsh Row face and the edges of the central bay have decorative stone quoins. The gable ends and the porch gable have stone corbels and coping, and are finished with triangular finials matching those on the central shaped gable.

Modern use
As of 2010, the building is used as the offices of a recruitment agency.

See also

Listed buildings in Nantwich

References

Sources
Bavington G et al. Nantwich, Worleston & Wybunbury: A Portrait in Old Picture Postcards (Brampton Publications; 1987) ()
Hall J. A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester (2nd edn) (E. J. Morten; 1972) ()
Pevsner N, Hubbard E. The Buildings of England: Cheshire (Penguin Books; 1971) ()
Simpson R. Crewe and Nantwich: A Pictorial History (Phillimore; 1991) ()
Stevenson PJ. Nantwich: A Brief History and Guide (1994)
Vaughan D. Nantwich: It Was Like This (Nantwich Museum; 1987)

Commercial buildings completed in 1846
Nantwich, 39 Welsh Row
Buildings and structures in Nantwich
Grade II listed banks
Jacobethan architecture
1846 establishments in England

39 Welsh Row, Nantwich


Richard Parkyn (c. 1772 - May 28, 1855) was a champion Cornish wrestler. He was born at Parkyn's Shop which lies at three parish boundaries, St Columb Major, St Columb Minor and St Mawgan. There was a saying at the time that Parkyn was "So great that all three parishes claimed him". He was also known as The Great Parkyn. Little is recorded about his life other than newspaper reports of his fights. "Parkyn, a friend of the Cornish hero James Polkinghorne  died at Parkyn Shop where he and his ancestors resided during 170 years on 28 May 1855, aged 81 years."

Physique
According to the Sporting Magazine... "His head, a little bald on the crown, but otherwise well covered with fine bushy black hair, curling a little on his broad brawny shoulders, and his erect honest bold front and firm step, were worth travelling a hundred miles to behold. He stands six feet high, and weighs two hundred and thirty-two pounds, although as lean as a post-horse."

Thomas King Chambers wrote of comparing him to a bronze statue of Hercules.
The nearest approach to it which I have heard of, as attained by muscular development without awkward and inconvenient obesity, is in the instance of Parkins {sic], the famous Cornish wrestler, whose ordinary weight in his clothes was sixteen stone, eleven pounds, his height being six feet.

His physique was astounding if compared to a modern equivalent such as Arnold Schwarzenegger who was 6 feet 2 inches and weighed two hundred and thirty-five pounds.

Famous bout with Jordan of Devon
WRESTLING. Saltash diversions, Cornwall, ended on Saturday, the 27th where the amateurs of wrestling were highly gratified by seeing the two great Devonshire players, Jordan and Wadling, play against two Cornish men, Parkin and Jolly, who came from St. Columb, purposely to play with them, in consequence of its being erroneously inserted in some of the newspapers that Jordan alone threw at Torpoint fair, fifteen of the best players in Cornwall. We understand these two great champions of Devonshire were both put on their backs in less than two minutes, by Parkyn and Jolly, who were declared, without the least dispute, to be the victors, and had the first and second prizes given them, and Cowling, another Cornish player, won the third prize. The Cornish gentlemen offered on the ground (in answer to a bet offered at Crediton,) to get ten Cornish men who should play against the same number of Devonshire men for any sum, from one hundred to a thousand pounds.

References

Sportspeople from Cornwall
People from St Columb Major
People from St Columb Minor
People from St Mawgan
Cornish wrestling champions
1855 deaths
1770s births

Richard Parkyn


John C. Lozier is a noted American control engineer. He was responsible for the control of the Telstar ground-tracking antenna installed near Andover, Maine, and the Brittany Peninsula in France. This equipment, involving real-time computer control, enabled the first transatlantic TV operation in 1962.

Lozier served as the president of the American Automatic Control Council from 1960 to 1962 and as the president of the International Federation of Automatic Control from 1972 to 1975.

He received numerous awards for his contribution to the field of control theory, including the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award in 1987.

References

External links
 IEEE awards

Control theorists
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people

John C. Lozier


Sir David William Smith, 1st Baronet (September 4, 1764 – May 9, 1837) was a soldier and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Salisbury, England in 1764. He was the only son of Colonel John Smith (d.1795) and his wife Anne, daughter of William Waylen of Rowde Hill and Devizes, Wiltshire. He joined his father's regiment, the 5th Regiment of Foot, as an ensign in 1779. He married his first wife in 1788 and rejoined the regiment under his father's command at Detroit in 1790. He served on the land board in the Hesse District in 1791 and 1792. Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe made him acting deputy surveyor general in 1792.  He was appointed surveyor general of Upper Canada in 1798.

In 1792, he was elected to the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada representing Suffolk & Essex. Although there were no other candidates, Smith authorized 200 pounds be spent to entertain electors on voting day.
In 1796, he was elected in the 3rd riding of Lincoln. He became a member of the Executive Council of Upper Canada in 1796. In 1800, he was elected again to the Legislative Assembly representing Norfolk, Oxford & Middlesex. Smith was speaker for the Legislative Assembly from 1796 to 1801.

David Smith acquired 20,000 acres of land in Ontario and owned the park lot which contained the Moss Park estate. He actually owned half of the original land that contained the original city of Toronto. He wrote, "A Short Topographical Description of His Majesty's Province of Upper Canada in North America, to which is annexed a Provincial Gazeteer." The original work was compiled at the request of Simcoe and republished in London in 1813.

In 1802, he returned to England and, in 1804, resigned from his appointments in Upper Canada. He began a second career as property manager for the Duke of Northumberland. He was made a baronet in 1821. He died near Alnwick, Northumberland in 1837.

References

1764 births
1837 deaths
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers officers
Smith, David William, 1st Baronet
Canadian baronets recommended by the British government
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Politicians from Salisbury
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Immigrants to Upper Canada
Canadian slave owners

Sir David William Smith, 1st Baronet


The fire screen desk (also known as a screen writing table) is  a very small antique desk form meant to be placed in front of a fireplace to keep a user's feet warm while he or she is stationary while writing. This kind of desk was very popular in prosperous homes in Europe during the 18th century and slowly disappeared during the 19th, with the gradual introduction of stoves and central heating.

In order to keep the feet and the calves exposed to the heat from the fire, the fire screen desk usually had the form of a miniature writing table or a tiny bureau à gradin, with just a few drawers beneath the desktop.  As its name indicates, it had a retractable fire screen in the back to protect the user's relatively exposed face from too much heat from the fireplace.  The screen was usually made of a pleated or straight piece of heavy fabric, supported by crossed and sliding metallic supports.  Many fire screen desks still exist, but the original screens have rarely survived.  The metal supports or rods which extended the screens generally have been maintained with the desk.  When the bare rods are in their extended position, they form an 'X shape' above the back of the desk.

A few fire screen desks had no screen per se but were simply lighter, narrower, and extremely thinner versions of the high secretary desk put on some form of permanent trestle mount.  Their high form shielded the user's face from the heat of the flames while the open trestle mount at the bottom exposed the feet.  They were basically a smaller version of a French form called Secretaire en portefeuille.

The fire screen desk was often designed for use by a person of a specific gender:  those designed for use by a female frequently had complex ornamentation and were generally smaller (light enough to be transported easily by a lady's maid) than those designed for use by a male. Because of these differences, individual desks were frequently called a gentleman's screen writing table or a lady's screen writing table.

See also
List of desk forms and types

References
Gloag, John. A Complete Dictionary of Furniture.  Woodstock, N.Y. : Overlook Press, 1991.
De Reyniès, Nicole.  Le Mobilier Domestique:  Vocabulaire Typologique.  Paris, Ministère de la Culture et de La Communication, 1987.

Desks
History of furniture

Fire screen desk


John Maxwell (12 July 1905 – 3 June 1962) was a Scottish painter of landscapes and imaginative subjects.

Born in Dalbeattie in Kirkcudbrightshire, Maxwell studied at Edinburgh College of Art from 1921 to 1927 and then, with the aid of a travelling scholarship, from 1927 to 1928 at the Académie Moderne in Paris under Léger and Ozenfant. He also travelled to Italy and Spain during this period, where he discovered the work of Chagall and the Symbolists.

These experiences influenced his work for the remainder of his career. Maxwell was a lifelong friend of William Gillies with whom he frequently travelled on painting trips. Along with Gillies, he was one of the group of artists who became known as The Edinburgh School.

Maxwell taught intermittently at Edinburgh College of Art from 1928 to 1933, 1935 to 1946, and 1955 to 1961.

He first exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy in 1935 and became a full member in 1949.

References

External links
 John Maxwell at the National Gallery of Scotland

Scottish landscape painters
1905 births
1962 deaths
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art
People from Dalbeattie
Royal Scottish Academicians
Painters from Edinburgh

John Maxwell (British artist)


Alexander Vidal (August 4, 1819 – December 18, 1906) was an Ontario land surveyor, banker, and political figure. He was a Conservative member of the Senate of Canada for Sarnia division from 1873 to 1906.

He was born in Bracknell, Berkshire, England in 1819, the son of a captain in the Royal Navy. Vidal studied at the Royal Mathematical School at Christ's Hospital in London and came to Upper Canada with his family in 1834. He served in the local militia during the Upper Canada Rebellion and remained in the militia, becoming lieutenant-colonel. He settled in Sarnia and was a provincial land surveyor from 1843 to 1852; he surveyed the town plot for Sault Ste. Marie. Vidal was manager of the Bank of Upper Canada at Sarnia from 1852 to 1866 and of the Bank of Montreal from 1866 to 1875. He also served as treasurer for Lambton County. In 1863, he was elected to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada for St. Clair division and served until Confederation. Vidal ran unsuccessfully against Alexander Mackenzie in the riding of Lambton for a seat in the House of Commons in 1867 and 1872. In 1873, he was named to the Senate. He was a supporter of the temperance movement. Vidal was an elder of the Canadian Presbyterian Church and was the first president of the Sarnia YMCA.

He died in office at Sarnia in 1906. He is interred in Lakeview Cemetery in Sarnia, Ontario.

References

A Cyclopæedia of Canadian biography : being chiefly men of the time ..., GM Rose (1886)

1819 births
1906 deaths
People educated at Christ's Hospital
Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
Canadian senators from Ontario
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators

Alexander Vidal