The Dornier Do Y was a trimotor German monoplane bomber of the early 1930s designed by  (Dornier Aircraft Works) to an order by the Royal Yugoslav Air Force (RYAF). The Yugoslavs originally intended to use war reparations to pay for them, but ultimately had to use their own funds. Only a pair of aircraft were initially ordered to give the Yugoslavs experience with multi-engine bombers and Dornier failed to sell any more Do Y's. Two improved versions were subsequently built on speculation, but failed to find purchasers until the RYAF bought them in 1935.

All four Do Y's were declared obsolete in 1939 and relegated to training and transport missions. They played no role in the 1941 Invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis Powers and were captured undamaged. The Germans decided to transfer all of them to the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia later that year, but only one can be confirmed to have served with the Croatians.

Background
In early 1930 the RYAF decided to order some multi-engined bombers from builders with experience with multi-engine aircraft to gain experience with the type and to evaluate different models before making a decision on purchasing future aircraft. The RYAF had two main requirements: the first was that they use three license-built Gnome-Rhône Jupiter VI air-cooled radial engines and the second was that the bombers had to be delivered by 30 August 1931. Dornier had no suitable design in production that could meet such a tight deadline and had to perform design work in parallel with the Do 11 twin-engined bomber. For example both aircraft used a semi-elliptical wing design based on that of the earlier Do K3 prototype. The company was able to begin construction of two prototypes before the Yugoslavs signed a contract for both on 21 May 1931. These aircraft were unarmed as Germany was not allowed to build military aircraft by the terms of the Versailles Treaty.

The RYAF intended to pay for them using war reparation monies owed to Yugoslavia by Germany, but the effects of the Great Depression on the German economy in 1931 caused U.S. President Herbert Hoover to propose suspension of the reparations payments effective on 1 July and this was later accepted by the signatories to the Versailles Treaty. The Weimar government cancelled all deliveries funded by reparations as of 1 July and Yugoslavia was forced to pay for the Do Ys and other aircraft that it had ordered with its own money. The first prototype flew on 17 October.

Dornier began construction of two improved Do Ys on its initiative the following year as the Do U and unsuccessfully attempted to sell them as airliners to . While negotiations were ongoing, the aircraft was redesignated as the Do 15. Dornier then offered them to the  (Army Weapons Department) on 14 January 1933, one civilian aircraft for  and the other for the  (German Armed Forces). Work continued on the Do 15s until Hermann Göring, the acting Aviation Minister of the new Nazi government, ordered that work be suspended in March. Dornier stored the incomplete aircraft until 1935 when they were inspected by a Yugoslav delegation which placed an order for both in November. Designated the Do Ym by the RYAF, the first flight of these bombers was made on 1 July 1936.

Description
The Do Y was a shoulder-wing monoplane with an all-metal monocoque fuselage formed from duralumin. The structure of the empennage was also duralumin, but it was covered in fabric as were all of the control surfaces. The two-spar cantilever wing was also covered in fabric except for the area behind the octagonal engine nacelles which was duralumin and could be walked upon to facilitate maintenance. There were some issues with wing flutter under certain conditions, but these were mostly resolved during trials. The wing was built in three sections: a center section that extended just past the nacelles and two outer wing panels. The center section housed the bomb bay and the two  fuel tanks. Each engine was provided with a  lubricating oil tank. The Do Y had fixed conventional landing gear that included a tailwheel at the extreme end of the fuselage. The telescopic legs for the main wheels were attached to the bottom of the forward wing spar and to the fuselage with V-struts and bracing wires.

The bomber was initially powered by three  Gnome-Rhône Jupiter VI radials, driving two-bladed wooden propellers. Two engines were located at the front of the wing while the third was mounted on struts above the fuselage. The RYAF requested that they be replaced by license-built  Gnome-Rhône Jupiter 9Ak engines before delivery, although it is uncertain when this was actually done. The wooden propellers were replaced by metal ones before delivery. Aviation historian Sime Ostric believes that the Jupiter radials were first replaced by  Gnome-Rhône 9Ad engines and then by 480 hp Gnome-Rhône 9Ae models in 1937.

The pilot and copilot sat side-by-side in an open cockpit at the top of the fuselage, forward of the wing, each with a minimal windscreen. The copilot also served as the bombardier and could control the Do Y's rudder from the bombardier's position in the lower nose of the aircraft. The rest of the crew consisted of a radio man, a mechanic and possibly an observer. The bomber was armed with five  Darne machine guns, arranged in two twin-weapon installations, one in the upper nose above the bombardier's position and the other in the upper fuselage between the wing and the vertical stabiliser, and a single belly gun. The radio man also served as the forward machine gunner and the mechanic operated in the dorsal machine gun position. The observer, if one was carried, manned the belly gun. The bomb bay could accommodate up to  of bombs in two racks that were limited to bombs no larger than .

The RYAF required that the license-built  Gnome-Rhône 9Kers engines with three-bladed propellers be fitted to the Do Ym and Dornier replaced the engine nacelles with more efficient NACA cowlings to provide better cooling. In addition the wingspan of the new aircraft was reduced and the fabric covering of the underside of the wing was replaced by duralumin to eliminate the wing flutter experienced by the earlier models. A much more minor change was that more windows were added to the fuselage to improve visibility.

Operational history
The Do Y's gave demonstrations in Austria, Hungary and Romania in early January 1932 in an unsuccessful attempt to gain more orders for the aircraft. They arrived in Yugoslavia later that month and were assigned to the 6th Aviation Regiment () based at Zemun. All of the multi-engine bombers were transferred to the newly formed 261st Aviation Group () in September 1933. Later that month they participated in a parade in honour of Prince Nicholas of Romania and ferried the prince to Kraljevo and Novi Sad. On 15 October 1934, the Do Y's escorted the train carrying the body of the assassinated King Alexander I from Zemun to Belgrade. The following year the unit was redesignated as the 261st Independent Trimotor Bomber Group (). The bombers finally received their bomb racks and were fitted for their defensive armament that same year, although there is no photographic evidence that the Darne machine guns were ever actually mounted.

The two Do Ym bombers arrived in Yugoslavia in early March 1937 and Prime Minister Milan Stojadinović flew in one of them on 13 March. The Do Y's began general overhauls at the Kraljevo Aviation Depot on 8 October; one aircraft was completed by the end of the year, but the other was not finished until August 1938. The 261st Group was redesignated as the 81st Aviation Regiment during 1938. All of the trimotors were scheduled to be replaced by the Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 in early 1939, but those aircraft were delayed until September. Most of the aircraft were then relegated to transport and liaison roles, but one remained with the 81st Regiment for training duties through mid-1940. Both of the Do Ym aircraft were fitted with large doors on the side of the fuselage, probably for use by paratroopers. All four Do Y's were transferred to Kraljevo at the beginning of 1941, with at least one of the older Do Y's already being overhauled.

None of the Do Y's played any part in the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 and all four were captured by German forces. Both Do Y's were being overhauled and the two Do Ym bombers were parked in front of the State Aircraft Factory. Dornier documents dated 11 September state that all of the Do Y's were to be given to the Croats free of charge, but they must pay for any repairs. One of them was subsequently handed over to the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia and was assigned to 9th Squadron in January 1942. It only made a few flights before it became a decoy at Sarajevo in mid-1944. The other three aircraft were cannibalized for spare parts and subsequently scrapped.

Operators

 The Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia

Royal Yugoslav Air Force

Specifications (Do Y - 9K engines)

See also

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

1930s German bomber aircraft
Do Y
Trimotors
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930

Dornier Do Y


Lanakila Camp is a private summer camp for boys aged 8-14 on Lake Morey in Fairlee, Vermont.  Founded in 1922 on the grounds of a 19th-century farm property, it is one of the state's older organized camps, with a significant number of period buildings in the Adirondack rustic style.  The camp offers an array of outdoor activities, including water and field sports and hiking, and indoor arts and crafts programs, all generally infused with an educational purpose.  It has a full 7-week session, as well as two three-and-a-half-week sessions, typically running from late June to early August. During the off-season, its facilities are used as the Hulbert Outdoor Center, an educational center for adults, children, school groups and special events. The camp property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Facilities
Lanakila Camp is located at the northern tip of Lake Morey, on a parcel of nearly  that extends up the hillside to the west.  The campus facilities located on either side of Lake Morey Road, the town road which encircles the lake. Its visual focal point is the large Main House, where the camp offices and dining hall are found.  It is located on the north side of Lake Morey Road, where it makes a sharp turn from south to east, with Brushwood Road running west.  The house's oldest portions date to about 1850, when the property was a farm, with a barn of similar period located behind it serving as the camp's main assembly hall.  Camper residential facilities are divided into clusters, most located within view of the road, and consist of a combination of cabins and tents set on platforms.  Other facilities include a boat shed, craft building, infirmary, and a castle, as well as several structures and buildings that have been built by campers over the years.

History
The camp was founded in 1922 by Harriet Farnsworth Gulick and Edward Leeds Gulick, and was the third camp they established on either Lake Morey or Lake Fairlee.  All 6 camps are now operated by the Aloha Foundation, founded to continue the Gulick's legacy.   The property, a farm since about 1850, was first used as a girls' camp called Camp
Kia-Ora between 1917 and 1922.  That camp was not a financial success, and its owners sold to the Gulicks, who at that time already had more than ten years' experience in operating camps.  The camp was run by appointees of the Gulicks, and later their children, until the Aloha Foundation was organized in 1968.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Vermont

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, Vermont
Buildings and structures completed in 1922
Buildings and structures in Fairlee, Vermont
Summer camps in Vermont

Lanakila Camp


Le portrait de Manon is an opéra comique in one act by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Georges Boyer. It is related to Massenet's 1884 opera Manon, widely regarded to be his masterpiece. However Le portrait de Manon is rarely performed today.

Performance history
The opera was first performed at the Opéra Comique in Paris on 8 May 1894. After its premiere the work was performed at La Monnaie in November 1894 and the Teatro del Fondo in Naples in December 1894. The work received its United States premiere at the French Opera House in New Orleans in 1895. It was also produced at The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on 13 December 1897. The Opéra Comique revived the opera in 1900 and it was mounted at the Théâtre Lyrique in September 1922, after which the work fell out of the performance repertory. After a more than 60-year absence from the stage, Le portrait de Manon was mounted at La Fenice on 13 April 1985. Four years later the Opéra de Monte-Carlo staged the work. The opera was most recently revived by the Glimmerglass Opera in 2005. In 2014 "kultur.theater.musik" produced the first performance in German (as Das Bildnis der Manon) at the 'Sommeroper im Amthof' festival in Feldkirchen, Carinthia, and in other theatres in Lower Austria.

Roles

Synopsis
The opera opens with a chorus of peasants singing outside the home of the Chevalier Des Grieux. They remind him of his own happier days and he looks at his miniature portrait of Manon. His nephew Jean arrives for a history lesson but tells Des Grieux that he is in love with Aurore. Des Grieux believes that the young girl, who is neither of noble birth nor rich, is unworthy of Jean.

Tiberge tries to persuade his old friend Des Grieux to allow young love to run its course.

Aurore and Jean are in despair. Jean tries to snatch a kiss from her but in the process knocks against a chest and the portrait of Manon falls out and the pair admire the portrait. Tiberge calls Aurore away. Des Grieux lectures Jean again and sends him away. Aurore appears wearing the dress that Manon wore when she first met Des Grieux in Amiens. Tiberge reveals that Aurore is the niece of Manon, the daughter of her brother Lescaut. Des Grieux yields to his arguments and consents to Jean's marriage to Aurore.

References

External links

Operas by Jules Massenet
French-language operas
Operas
One-act operas
1894 operas
Opera world premieres at the Opéra-Comique

Le portrait de Manon


The Northampton Balloon Festival is an annual hot air balloon festival held in Northampton, England.

The original festival was held in The Racecourse and managed by the (now defunct) Borough Council, and took place over a Friday, Saturday and Sunday in mid-August. The main features of the festival were the twice-daily hot air balloon lifts and a balloon glow, but other attractions included trade stalls, live music and arena entertainment.

History
The first festival was held in 1990. The start attractions were the Chubb fire extinguisher and the Rupert The Bear balloons.
In its early years The Northampton balloon was a soaring success with families encouraged to come and enjoy the weekend, looking at balloons and visiting various trade stalls across the park.

In 2001 the festival was joined with the Northampton Town Show (previously held during July) to become the Northampton Festival, but has since reverted to its original name.

The 2004 festival featured the Sugababes, Big Brovaz, and Ronan Keating.

The 2005 festival featured Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Rachel Stevens and Lemar.

The 2007 festival was a disaster due to poor attendance caused by bad weather on the last two days and the fact that the council decided to charge adults for admission, which discouraged many adults without young children from attending and spending money at the stalls.

The 2008 festival was scaled down from before, with fewer stalls,
and featured Rick Astley and Signature but neither were able to revive the festival's fortunes and the event made a huge loss.

The Borough Council ceased its funding and in mid-2009 the festival was revived by new organisers and moved to Billing Aquadrome. It took place 14–16 August 2009 at the new location with free admission.

The 2010 Northampton Balloon Festival was once again based at Billing Aquadrome, however that year the organisers chose to charge entry. The Balloon Festival sat alongside an existing event, the American Car Show and included a variety of stalls and fairground rides.

In 2012, it was announced that Pure Leisure, the owners of Billing Aquadrome had agreed sponsorship of the event, for a further 3 years.

The Northampton Balloon Festival was held again on Friday 16th to Sunday 18th August 2013, 15-17 August 2014, 14–16 August 2015, 19–21 August 2016, 18-20 August 2017 and between 17th and 19th August 2018.

2019 saw the last ever Northampton Balloon Festival take place, as Billing Aquadrome subsequently pulled out of hosting the event. This was due to the limited number of flights over the previous two years' festivals, caused by adverse weather which restricted flying on those occasions.

In 2023 the Northampton Balloon Festival was held in The Racecourse park.

See also
 Hot air balloon festivals

References

External links
The Official Website of The Northampton Balloon Festival
BBC guide to the Balloon Festival
Northampton Balloon Festival Website - Picture gallery of past festivals

Tourist attractions in Northampton
Hot air balloon festivals
Festivals in Northamptonshire
Annual events in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1990
1990 establishments in England
Sports festivals in the United Kingdom

Northampton Balloon Festival


Carl Mayer (20 November 1894 – 1 July 1944) was an Austrian screenwriter who wrote or co-wrote the screenplays to The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), The Head of Janus (1920), The Haunted Castle (1921), Der Letzte Mann (1924), Tartuffe (1926), Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and 4 Devils (1928), most of them being films directed by F. W. Murnau. Mayer was a fundamental figure in the dramatic and narrative establishment of both German expressionist cinema and Kammerspielfilm.

Early life and career
Mayer was the son of a stock speculator who committed suicide, forcing the young Carl to leave school at 15, and go to work as a secretary. Mayer moved from native Graz to Innsbruck and then Vienna, where he worked as a dramatist. The events of World War I turned him into a pacifist.

In 1917, Mayer went to Berlin, where he worked at the small Residenztheater. He befriended Gilda Langer, a leading actress of the theater and fell in love with her. He wrote the script for Dr. Caligari (1920) with Hans Janowitz, and planned to have Langer star in the film. However, Langer became engaged to director Paul Czinner, then Langer died unexpectedly early in 1920. (The role went to actress Lil Dagover instead.) Mayer paid for Langer's tombstone and had notes from Wagner's Tristan und Isolde  engraved on it.

Kabinett led to Mayer working with many leading directors in Germany. He worked with F. W. Murnau on Der Letzte Mann (1924, known as The Last Laugh in the English-speaking world) in Germany, and he also wrote the scenario for Murnau's Sunrise (1927), made during Murnau's stay in Hollywood. Mayer also co-wrote Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis (1927) with Karl Freund and Walter Ruttmann.

Being Jewish as well as a pacifist, Mayer thought it best to leave Germany when the Nazis came to power. In 1933, shortly after working with Béla Balázs on the script for Das Blaue Licht (1932),  directed by Leni Riefenstahl, he moved to London to escape the Nazi regime. In London, he worked as an adviser to the British film industry, and became friends with British film figures such as director and film writer Paul Rotha.

Death

In 1942, Mayer was diagnosed with cancer. Near the end of his life, he wanted to make a documentary film on London, but due to anti-German sentiment and difficult economic conditions, he was unable to find a producer.

His illness was treated somewhat ineptly due to war conditions and he died at the age of 49 on 1 July 1944, poor and almost forgotten, having only 23 pounds in cash and two books. He was buried in the eastern section of Highgate Cemetery, south of the entrance, facing the grave of William Friese-Greene, in London. His epitaph reads "Pioneer in the art of the cinema. Erected by his friends and fellow workers". The city of Graz has named a prize after him.

Selected filmography
 Scherben (1921)
 Nights of Terror (1921)
 Hintertreppe (1921)
 Danton (1921)
 The Doll Maker of Kiang-Ning (1923)
 Earth Spirit (1923)
 New Year's Eve (1924)
 Fräulein Else (1929)
 The Man Who Murdered (1931)
 Ariane (1931)
 Dreaming Lips (1932)
 Dreaming Lips (1937)
 Dreaming Lips (1953, based on his original screenplay)

References

External links

Carl Mayer at Film Reference
Carl Mayer at Criterion Forum

1894 births
1944 deaths
Film people from Graz
British male screenwriters
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
German screenwriters
German male screenwriters
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
German male writers
Austrian pacifists
Jewish Austrian writers
Jewish pacifists
20th-century British screenwriters
Deaths from cancer in England

Carl Mayer


Ali Rafeeq was the  Editor in Chief of Haveeru Daily and Haveeru Online in the Maldives. After serving the position for 23 years, in 2010 he shifted to New Zealand. A native of Fuvahmulah, Maldives, Rafeeq is the first Maldivian to acquire a PhD from Journalism. He acquired the PhD from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. He acquired his master's degree from the same University in 2003 and was chosen among the top students, winning a scholarship for his PhD. Rafeeq acquired his bachelor's degree in journalism from the International Islamic University Malaysia. He is also the founder of Haveeru Online.

In the year 1997, Rafeeq was awarded the National Award of Excellence for outstanding service in the field of journalism by the Government of the Republic of Maldives.

References

Living people
Maldivian journalists
University of Canterbury alumni
International Islamic University Malaysia alumni
20th-century Maldivian writers
21st-century Maldivian writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Ali Rafeeq


Joel Melvin Prpic (; born September 25, 1974) is a Canadian-born Croatian former professional ice hockey player of who played in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins and the Colorado Avalanche before ending his career with Croatian team, KHL Medveščak Zagreb, in the Austrian Hockey League.

Playing career
As a towering 6 foot 7 forward for the Waterloo Siskins in the Ontario Minor Hockey Association Prpic was selected in the ninth round, 233rd overall by the Boston Bruins in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. Opting to pursue an education Prpic was recruited to play collegiate hockey with St. Lawrence University in the ECAC.

After his senior year and developing as one of the biggest forwards in hockey, Joel turned pro in the 1997–98 season with the Bruins AHL affiliate, the Providence Bruins. Scoring an effective 35 points in 73 games as a checking forward, Prpic made his NHL debut in a solitary game with the Bruins, a playoff-clinching win, against the New York Islanders.
Returned to Providence for the following season, it was not until the 1999–2000 season in which Joel played a further 14 games with Boston. He recorded his first point on a Cameron Mann goal and had his first multi-point game with another assist on a goal to Steve Heinze in a 5–4 defeat to the Tampa Bay Lightning on April 4, 2000.

On August 29, 2000, Joel then signed a one-year contract as a free agent with the Colorado Avalanche. He was sent to AHL affiliate, the Hershey Bears, for the majority of the 2000–01 season, but played in three games for the eventual Stanley Cup-winning Avalanche, recording two penalty minutes against the Phoenix Coyotes in a 2–1 victory on November 29, 2000. Prpic left the Avalanche in the off-season and signed a one-year deal with the San Jose Sharks on August 15, 2001.

In the 2001–02 season, Prpic never appeared with the Sharks but led the Sharks affiliate, the Cleveland Barons, with 80 games and scoring a professional high 48 points. Prpic left North America the following season having played in just 18 career games in the NHL, 15 for the Boston Bruins and three for the Colorado Avalanche, before joining Kokudo Keikaku Tokyo of the Asia League in the 2002–03 season. Prpic was one of the first notable players to join the developing Asian league and had held the record as the tallest to ever play in the League until Steve McKenna joined the league for the 2006–07 season. He holds the records for the most penalty minutes in a season by receiving 175 in the 2006–07 season.

After his seventh season with the Prince Rabbits organization in the Asia League, Joel left to sign a one-year deal as a free agent with Croat team, KHL Medveščak, of the Erste Bank Eishockey League on September 10, 2009. In signing with Zagreb, Prpic returned to the roots of his ancestors, with eligibility and ambition to play with the Croatian national team.

In the 2009–10 season, Prpic scored 43 points in a team-leading 54 games. On April 20, 2010, he was re-signed to a two-year contract as Medveščak finished seventh in the league. Prpic expressed desire to end his career with KHL Medveščak. After the completion of the 2011–12 season, and representing Croatia for the first time at the 2012 IIHF World Championship Division II, Prpic opted an end to his professional career and pursue a Firefighting career in Canada. Nonetheless, Prpic played for the Croatian national team at the IIHF World Championship Division II in 2013 as well.

Prpic most recently played for the Brantford Blast of the Ontario Hockey Association's Allan Cup Hockey.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1974 births
Boston Bruins draft picks
Boston Bruins players
Expatriates in Croatia
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian people of Croatian descent
Cleveland Barons (2001–2006) players
Colorado Avalanche players
Croatian ice hockey centres
Hershey Bears players
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
Kokudo Keikaku players
Living people
Citizens of Croatia through descent
Providence Bruins players
Ice hockey people from Greater Sudbury
St. Lawrence Saints men's ice hockey players

Joel Prpic


A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals, the structure is called a muzzle, rostrum, or proboscis. The wet furless surface around the nostrils of the nose of many mammals is called the rhinarium (colloquially this is the "cold wet snout" of some mammals). The rhinarium is often associated with a stronger sense of olfaction.

Variation

Snouts are found on many mammals in a variety of shapes. Some animals, including ursines and great cats, have box-like snouts, while others, like shrews, have pointed snouts. Pig snouts are flat and cylindrical.

Primates
Strepsirrhine primates have muzzles, as do baboons. Great apes have reduced muzzles, with the exception being human beings, whose face does not have protruding jaws nor a snout but merely a human nose.

Dogs
The muzzle begins at the stop, just below the eyes, and includes the dog's nose and mouth. In the domestic dog, most of the upper muzzle contains organs for detecting scents.  The loose flaps of skin on the sides of the upper muzzle that hang to different lengths over the mouth are called 'flews'.

The muzzle is innervated by one of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, which start in the brain and emerge through the skull to their target organs. Other destinations of these nerves are the eyeballs, teeth and tongue.

The muzzle shape of a domestic dog ranges in shape depending upon the breed, from extremely long and thin (dolichocephalic), as in the Rough Collie, to nearly nonexistent because it is so flat (extreme brachycephalic), as in the pug. Some breeds, such as many sled dogs and Spitz types, have muzzles that somewhat resemble the original wolf's in size and shape, and others in the less extreme range have shortened it somewhat (mesocephalic) as in many hounds.

References

External links

Animal anatomy
Dog anatomy

Snout


Caesar Okhuti (born 7 October 1990) is a Ugandan coach and retired footballer. He captained Arua Hill Sports Club from the FUFA Big League to the Ugandan Premier League in 2021. Okhuti was part of the promoted Onduparaka FC team in 2016. He once played for Express and KCCA FC but was loaned back to Onduparaka FC for the 2016/17 season. He won the league with Bunamwaya SC in 2010 and KCCA FC in 2016. He retired from professional football on 17 August 2021 after winning the StarTimes FUFA Big League Final with Arua Hill SC.

Senior career
Okhuti started his career in 2007 with a brace for Arua-based Ugandan Super League debutants Ediofe Hills FC against URA FC. He was called up to the Ugandan national team by coach Laszlo Csaba later that year. The following year, Bunamwaya S.C. bought him for a national record 12 million shillings. A back injury in September 2008 laid him off for two months but he returned to end the season as third highest scorer with 18 goals. He was named in the 2009 African Championship of Nations Uganda squad. In 2010, Okhuti helped Bunamwaya win their first USL title.

On 20 May 2011, Okhuti signed a contract with Vissai Ninh Bình in Vietnam's V.League 1 where he scored four goals within three months. He returned in January 2012 to play for Bunamwaya.

In 2014, Okhuti joined South Sudan's El Nasir, but the following season returned home to help Arua-based Onduparaka FC get promotion in the Ugandan Big League.

On Saturday 5 December 2015 at Addis Ababa Stadium in Ethiopia, Okhuti headed in the only goal against Rwanda to win a record-extending 14th CECAFA Senior Challenge Cup for Uganda. It was the fourth time Uganda had defeated Rwanda in the final (2003, 2009, 1011, 2015) and first time Uganda's Serbian Coach Milutin "Micho" Sredojevic had won it, having lost four years behind to Uganda while coaching Rwanda. Caesar scored three goals in the tournament like his captain and St. Mary's Kitende old boy Farouk Miya. Okhuti attributes his comeback to "change of attitude". It was his second CECAFA (Council for East and Central African Football Associations) Cup win.

Okhuti was included in the Ugandan squad for CHAN 2016.

As a free agent, he joined KCCA FC. In September 2016, KCCA loaned him for six months to Onduparaka, the newly promoted side from Arua. FUFA cleared him to play for Onduparaka on 28 September 2016 and three days later he scored once in a 4-3 win over SC Villa. He remained there up to 2019.

Okhuti then signed for Arua Hill SC and made his debut against Blacks Power on 25 March 2021, scoring once in a 3-1 win. After captaining the FUFA Big League Invincibles to the Ugandan Premier League with five goals in nine matches, Okhuti won the BL Final at the FUFA Technical Centre in Njeru on 17 August 2021 and retired from playing professional football.

See also
 Arua Hill Sports Club
 Ediofe Hills FC
 Express FC
 KCCA FC
 Onduparaka FC
 Vipers SC
 Uganda national football team

References

External links

Caesar Okhuti Signs For KCCA FC

1990 births
2011 African Nations Championship players
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Express FC players
Living people
Footballers from Kampala
Ugandan men's footballers
Uganda men's international footballers
Vipers SC players
People educated at St. Joseph's College Ombaci
Uganda men's A' international footballers
Ugandan expatriate men's footballers
Ugandan expatriate sportspeople in South Sudan
Ugandan expatriate sportspeople in Vietnam
Expatriate men's footballers in Vietnam
Expatriate men's footballers in South Sudan
2016 African Nations Championship players

Caesar Okhuti


The Inupiat are an ethnic group in Alaska and Canada, along the Bering Strait. There are about 33.000 Inupiat left. They are classified by the language they speak:

 Seward Iñupiat: Northwest Alaska, along the Seward Peninsula.
 North Alaska Inupiat: Canada, and the other parts of Alaska

Both languages are part of the inupiat languages.

Native Americans

Inupiat


The Red Necklace  is a young adult historical novel by Sally Gardner, published by Orion in 2007. It is a story of the French Revolution, interwoven with Roma magic. The audiobook is narrated by Tom Hiddleston.

The Silver Blade (Orion, 2008) is a sequel set during the Reign of Terror (). US editions were published by Dial Press in 2008 and 2009.

Plot
The story is principally set in and near Paris between 1789 and 1792. Yannick "Yann" Margoza, an orphaned Romani boy, who can throw his voice, read minds and predict the future, works in the  Théâtre du Temple, with his guardians Topolain, a magician, and Têtu, a little person, who can move objects with his mind. The trio is invited by the mysterious and sinister Count Kalliovski to perform at the chateau of the Marquis de Villeduval for him and his guests. Unbeknownst to them, Count Kalliovski is an old enemy from Têtu and Topolain's past. They run into him in the library of the chateau but it is too late for them to escape, so they decided to leave the bullet catch out of the performance. During one trick with the pierrot, Yann has a disturbing premonition in which the guests are all carrying their bloodied severed heads. Têtu and Topolain hurriedly try to end the show but Kalliovski insists on performing the bullet catch. He tampers with the pistol, which instantly kills Topolain.

While hiding from Kalliovski, Yann meets the Marquis' abused and neglected daughter Sido, and is instantly smitten by her. After escaping back to Paris with Sido's help via a secret passage in her chamber, Têtu warns Yann he is in grave danger and insists he travel to London. Yann is bitter about this but eventually agrees. Têtu's friend, Monsieur Cordell, arranges for Yann to stay with Henry and Juliette Laxton in London, who happen to be Sido's maternal aunt and uncle. Têtu also tells Cordell that Kalliovski is actually Yann's father; he was obsessed with Yann's mother Anis, who was working with Têtu and Topolain in the circus. The trio eventually fled to escape his wrath but he tracked them down and murdered her after she rejected him. While trying to get Yann to safety, Têtu is shot by Kalliovski's henchman, Milkeye, while Yann is smuggled out of the country by Cordell and Mr Tull. Despite the Laxtons' kindness to him, Yann is unhappy and homesick. After attempting to run away, he rescues a poor but eccentric actor named Mr Trippen from being robbed by throwing his voice to distract the thugs. Mr. Laxton apologises to Yann and employs Trippen as his new tutor.

As Yann grows older he successfully adapts to English society but seems to have lost his gift to throw his voice and read minds. He becomes keen to learn about Têtu's telekinetic abilities, known as the 'threads of light'. One day, he meets a Romani family: Talo Cooper, his wife Orlenda, and his grandfather, Tobias. After Orlenda reads his fortune, Tobias successfully teaches Yann how to see and control the threads of light and gives him a magic talisman. Yann also receives news from Cordell that Têtu is alive. At the same time, the body of an old acquaintance of the Marquis is found by the Thames, and Yann suspects Kalliovski after Cordell notices his necklace around the victim's neck. Yann and the Laxton's also learn that Kalliovski intends on making Sido his bride, prompting Yann to return to France and rescue her.

During Yann's absence, the political situation in France worsens with the impending threat of The French Revolution. Maître Tardieu, the Marquis' lawyer visits him one day warning him that he is bankrupt, and delivers a letter from Kalliovski demanding him to repay his debts, and asking for Sido's hand in marriage. The Marquis initially refuses until he is threatened with a cryptic warning: Remember your wife. Unwilling to suffer Kalliovski's wrath, he reluctantly agrees. Sido is understandably horrified by this arrangement, but is powerless to against both Kalliovski and the Marquis' wishes.
During her father's fête one night, she overhears a heated conversation between the Marquis and his friend, Madame Perrien. Fearful for her life, she begs him to lend her money to repay her debts to Kalliovski. However, the Marquis refuses and ignores her warning that his own dealings with the Count will backfire. Perrien is indeed later murdered by Kalliovski, much to the Marquis' horror. He gradually descends further and further into madness. The chateau is soon destroyed by a mob, prompting Sido and her father to escape through a secret tunnel with the help of their servants and are given refuge by another of The Marquis' friend, the Duchesse de Lamantes.

Yann eventually returns to Paris and his old home, now renamed the Théâtre de la Liberté, and reunites with Têtu, Didier, the caretaker of the theatre, and Monsieur Aulard, the manager. Têtu is overjoyed to see him and that he too can see the threads of light, and finally tells him the truth about his father.
Yann and Sido are briefly reunited and realises that he can read her mind again. He tries to persuade her to forget the Marquis and come back to England with him. She explains her situation including her engagement to Kalliovski, and that the Duchesse had advised her and her father to find Mr. Tull who would smuggle them out of the country. Yann, however, remembers his encounter with Tull the night he was smuggled out of France and warns Sido not to trust him and let him take her instead. He and Têtu later meet with Maître Tardieu who informs them that the Marquis wrote instructing him to end Sido's betrothal, but when he informed Kalliovski he received no reply. He gives them a bag of jewels that belonged to Sido's mother, Isabelle Gautier, and Armand de Villeduval, the Marquis' half brother. Upon noticing seven familiar red garnets, Têtu realises that Isabelle and Armand were murdered by Kalliovski on the Marquis' behalf. Yann attempts to see Sido again the next day but is too late as she and the Marquis have already been captured by Tull who was working for Kalliovski.

During the night, Kalliovski visits an ill and exhausted Sido in prison and blackmails her into marrying him. He then taunts her and threatens her with rape before she passes out. Kalliovski arranges to have her moved to her own cell and nursed back to health. Meanwhile, Yann and Maître Tardieu meet with her in prison however, the ever gentle and good-hearted Sido cannot bring herself to abandon her insane and helpless father. After she is taken away, Maître Tardieu reveals that Isabelle and Armand were lovers –therefore, Sido is not the daughter of the Marquis, but of Isabelle and Armand; the pair had been attempting to elope to London with a three-year-old Sido at the time of their murder. This gives Yann and Têtu an idea that might help change Sido's mind. They invite Kalliovski to a performance with a pierrot to distract him while Yann and Didier attempt to break into his apartmento find the love letters from Sido's parents. He discovers a room full of automatons made from Kalliovski's murdered victims known as 'The Sisters Macabre' which he uses to hide all his secrets. He also discovers that Kalliovski can also has telekinesis, only known as the 'Threads of Darkness'. Milkeye suddenly emerges and shoots Yann in the shoulder. Although weak, he uses his new magic abilities to make The Sisters Macabre talk. One of them opens a draw in their chest revealing the letters from Sido's parents and Kalliovski's 'Book of Tears' containing all the names of those who had borrowed money from him. He passes out but is rescued by Didier and taken back to the theatre where Têtu treats his wound.

Meanwhile, Sido finally decides that the Marquis isn't worth trying to help and that should Yann come for her, she will go with him.
She is spared from the bloodshed the next day when she is tried but fortunately found innocent, only to be abducted by Kalliovski.
Didier manages to stop his carriage by drawing a mob to it allowing him and Yann to rescue Sido.
Yann confesses that although he loves her, Sido's family are waiting for her in London as he is staying behind to help more aristocrats escape from France. Sido doesn't want to be separated from Yann again but eventually agrees and he gives her his talisman. Kalliovski is revealed to have survived the mob. Sickened and enraged that he was defeated by a son he never wanted, he vows vengeance.

Character list
 Yannick "Yann" Margoza – A young Romani boy with telepathic powers. An orphan, he is raised on the road amongst travelling entertainers, but is forced to flee to England and be raised by Sido's aunt and uncle after his band of roadsmen are murdered by Kalliovski. Due to his grief, he loses his powers, but later regains them when he returns to France, only to find that he cannot read any other mind except that of Sido, the girl he loves. Like Têtu and Topolain, he has telekinetic powers known as the 'threads of light.' He learns to improve his powers with the help of a Romani family, the Coopers. It is later revealed that he is Kalliovski's son, although he and Têtu firmly believe he is the spirit child of Anis and her former husband who died before Yann was born. He is fourteen at the beginning and seventeen at the end of the book.
 Sidonie "Sido" de Villeduval – The neglected, unloved only daughter of the pompous, idiot Marquis de Villeduval. She is twelve years old at the start of the book and fifteen at the conclusion making her two years younger than Yann. Although maybe too timid and kind for her own good, she is a brave, resourceful girl who simply wants to be loved. She has a limp in her left leg due to an accident as a child that killed her parents. She is described as being quite beautiful like a china doll with porcelain skin, black hair and "bewitching blue eyes" earning her the unwanted attention of Kalliovski who lusts for her, the way he lusted after her mother. She helps Yann and Têtu escape from Kalliovski early in the novel and the two fall in love. Later it is revealed that her true parents are Isabelle Gautier and Armand de Villeduval, the Marquis' half brother.
 Têtu - A Romani dwarf, who raised Yann. He and Topolain know the truth about Kalliovski, and was a very close friend of Yannick's mother, Anis. He loves Yann dearly as if he were his own. He too can work the threads of light which he also uses to aid in Sido's rescue.
 Count Kallivoski –  Later "Citizen Kalliovski", an evil, murderous nobleman and the main antagonist of the novel. He frequently distributes vast loans to financially troubled aristocrats of France, asking them for their most incriminating secrets in return, and using these to blackmail his debtors into obeying him. If their debts aren't paid or they refuse to obey him, he murders them. He constantly makes advances on young Sido and blackmails the Marquis into agreeing to their betrothal. He kidnaps her near the end of the book but she is rescued by Yann. It is revealed that years ago, he lusted after both Yann's mother, Anis, and Sido's mother, Isabelle, but killed them both after they rejected him. Kalliovski's designs on Sido partially serve as revenge on her mother. Giving that Sido was the only survivor of the assassination and that Kalliovski prevented the Laxtons from adopting her, it is implied that he already had plans for her even from a young age. He constantly keeps his loyal wolfhound, Balthazar, by his side.
 The Marquis de Villeduval – Sido's callous, stupid, foppish father who has bankrupted himself due to his incessant squandering of the family fortune, and owes an immense sum to Count Kalliovski, who threatens to reveal the Marquis' darkest secrets to the world unless the Marquis relinquishes Sido to him. The Marquis, caring nothing for Sido, wants to be rid of her, but also wishes to claim the inheritance left to her by her late grandfather in order to clear his debts. He is later driven to insanity after a mob of revolutionaries burn down his chateau and meets his end shortly after being arrested. Unbeknownst to Sido, The Marquis is really her uncle and responsible for the accident that injured her and killed her parents when she was a child.
 Henry and Juliette Laxton – Sido's maternal aunt and uncle who take Yann in after he arrives in London. The couple is unable to have children and want more than anything in the world to meet their niece. Like the majority of the characters, they dislike the Marquis and Kalliovski for causing Isabelle so much misery when she was alive and preventing them from adopting Sido after her death. They are eventually united with her at the end of the book. Juliette is described as bearing a striking resemblance to her niece.
 Jacques Topolain – A magician who helped raised Yannick. Although vain and cowardly at times, he is kind and loyal. He is murdered by Kalliovski after he lets it slip that he recognises him.
 Maître Tardieu - The mole-like lawyer and financial advisor to the de Villeduval family for over thirty years. Although devoted to the late elder Marquis and his late younger son, Armand, he despises the current Marquis for his cruelty and extravagance. He constantly warns the Marquis that he is in financial ruin, but the Marquis refuses to take heed. Maître Tardieu, however, holds Sido in high esteem and recognises her as a "true de Villeduval", due to her bravery and intelligence. He reveals in-depth knowledge of the de Villeduval family to the protagonists, namely that Armand de Villeduval and Isabelle Gautier were lovers, and assists Yann in rescuing Sido.
 Didier – The caretaker of the Théâtre du Temple (later the Théâtre de la Liberté) who helps Têtu and Yann save Sido.
 Monsieur Aulard – The manager of the Théâtre du Temple who also aids in Sido's rescue.
 The Coopers – Tobias, his grandson, Talo, and his wife Orlenda: A Romani family whom Yann makes a connection with and teach him how to use his magic.
 Mr. Trippen – A poor but eccentric and friendly actor whom Yann rescues from a robbery. He develops a friendship with the boy and is later employed as his tutor.
 Milkeye – Kalliovski's top henchman
 Armand de Villeduval and Isabelle Gautier - (both deceased) Armand was the Marquis de Villeduval's younger half-brother, their father's favourite child and was widely renowned for being kind-hearted, generous, intelligent and brave, unlike the selfish and malicious Marquis. Isabelle was wed to the Marquis in an arranged marriage; she and Armand however became lovers and Sido is their child. Isabelle was pursued by Kalliovski, but she rejected him and thus endangered her life. The Marquis, upon discovering their affair, schemed with Kalliovski to have them both murdered.
 The Elder Marquis de Villeduval - The deceased father of the current Marquis and the late Armand de Villeduval. The late Marquis was, unlike his eldest son, a kind-hearted man, and favoured the similarly compassionate Armand over his cruel and wasteful elder son. The Elder Marquis died broken-hearted after Armand was killed. The Elder Marquis knew that Armand and Isabelle Gautier were lovers, and bequeathed an enormous fortune to Sido for her to inherit upon her wedding day. His first wife, according to Maître Tardieu, died in an asylum after going insane; the current Marquis de Villeduval inherited his madness from her.

The title
The title refers to the murder signature of Count Kalliovski, who puts round the necks of all his murder victims a necklace of red garnets strung on a thin red ribbon. The effect of the necklace is to make it look as if the wearer's throat has been cut.

References

External links
Adele Geras's review from The Guardian, 23 February 2008

2007 British novels
2007 children's books
British children's novels
British historical novels
Children's books set in the 18th century
Children's books set in Paris
Children's historical novels
Novels set in the French Revolution
Orion Books books

The Red Necklace


XAV (eXperimental Autonomous Vehicle), is a highly maneuverable, light mechanized, four-wheeled unmanned vehicle that can be controlled from a remote station and used for field reconnaissance. In 2007 it was under joint development by South Korea's Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and Ministry of Information and Communication, with a budget of approximately $35 million, and planned to be fielded by 2012.

Two variants of the unit were envisaged, one for battlefield reconnaissance missions and another for light anti-personnel combat missions.

Controls
The unit has GPS inputs, and can be controlled via remote or can move on its own using artificial intelligence.

Possible technology transfers
Choi Chang-gon, the head researcher of the project, also hinted that the amount of research poured into developing and building the XAV might extend into civilian uses, such as police, fire fighting and construction.

External links
2006 XAV article from The Korea Times (archived)

Post–Cold War weapons of South Korea
Reconnaissance vehicles

XAV


For the tale see Esben and the Witch.

Esben and the Witch are a British three piece rock band formed in Brighton in 2008. consisting  of Rachel Davies (vocals, bass), Thomas Fisher (guitar), and Daniel Copeman (drums, electronics - formerly guitar). Their name comes from the Danish fairytale, "Esben and the Witch".

After a self-released 33 EP in 2009 and a limited seven-inch single "Lucia, at the Precipice" in February 2010, the band signed with Matador Records. The band's debut single for the label, "Marching Song", was released in October 2010, followed by their debut album Violet Cries in January 2011. The band's second album, Wash the Sins Not Only the Face, was released in January 2013. In June 2014 the band announced their third album A New Nature, the first to be released on their own Nostromo Records label. The band signed to independent French metal label, Season of Mist, in July 2016.

History

Formation and Violet Cries (2008–2011)

Esben and the Witch formed in 2008 when Daniel Copeman moved from Southampton to Brighton and met Thomas Fisher and they began making some music, eventually they decided they wanted a vocalist and held auditions which were unsuccessful. Thomas Fisher bumped into his old friend Rachel Davies, who had just graduated from Brighton University, and asked her if she would like to join the group and she accepted. In 2009 the band recorded their first EP, 33, and released it the same year, the EP gathered attention around the band and in 2010 they contributed their song "Skeleton Swoon" on volume 3 of the Dance to the Radio label's 4 x 12". Shortly after that they released their first official single Lucia, at the Precipice in February on limited edition seven-inch vinyl on the Too Pure singles club, an accompanying video was also released.

In 2010, the band signed to Matador Records and began work on their debut album, Violet Cries, in March 2010. They released their second single "Marching Song" in October, the single went at number 50 in the Billboard Hot Singles Sales. On 31 January they released Violet Cries shortly after the band's shortlisting in the BBC's Sound of 2011 poll. The album was critically acclaimed and went at number 13 in the UK Indie Chart, Allmusic awarded it three and a half stars out of five, calling it "a promising and often captivating debut". NME said it was "gothic but not goth" giving it 8/10. After the release of the album they went on to release two more singles off the album, "Warpath" and "Chorea". In November 2011 they released the Hexagons EP as a digital download.

Wash the Sins Not Only the Face (2012–2013)
In 2012 the band began work on writing the new material for the album, unlike their debut album, Violet Cries (2011), the lyrics were written solely by Davies. The writing for the album was done while they were isolated in a cottage in East Sussex. The songs were first recorded live in the studio, Davies said that they wanted the album to have a "warmer" sound. They co-produced the album with Tom Morris, saying that "It was great to have someone else in the process, actually, which is something which – again – we hadn't done".

In October they announced Wash the Sins Not Only the Face along with promotional single "Deathwaltz". They felt this was a good bridge between their first album to their second, later in December 2012 an accompanying video was released directed by Sim Warren. It was released on 21 January 2013 on CD, digital download and a deluxe LP version of the album was also released, which features the LP and CD version of the album and a bonus 7". The lyrics seems to be a semi-concept album as it is meant to be a journey and each song represents part of that journey. A lot of the lyrics were inspired by books and poems such as Despair by Vladimir Nabokov and The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost. The album was critically acclaimed, NME said "Call it highbrow, call it highfalutin, but with Wash The Sins…, Esben are carving hulking tablets of stone boasting that intellect is nothing to be scared of. No amount of splashing can scrub that out" giving it 7/10, and Clash said "...everything about this album is bigger than what has gone before and reveals an energised band with a real belief in what they're doing. Quite right too". In July, they performed a live score for the film La Antena at the East End Film Festival.  Wash The Sins... proved to be the band's final album with Matador, announcing their departure alongside their PledgeMusic campaign in February 2014.

Use of music in popular culture
The band's music has been used in a variety of TV shows across the world, most notably "Marching Song" on Beavis and Butt-head, Ringer and in a number of show trailers. "Despair", "When That Head Splits", "Shimmering" and "Smashed To Pieces In The Still of the Night" have been used in Waterloo Road during series 8 and "Smashed to Pieces..." in the trailer for Series 7 of Skins.

Musical style
The band's music has been described as  "electronic dubstep soundscapes" and "Radiohead without the mithering, goth stripped of unnecessary melodrama", with Davies' vocals compared to Siouxsie Sioux and PJ Harvey. The Quietus called it "perfect gothic pop". The band themselves once described their music as "nightmare pop" around the release of the '33' but have attempted to avoid genre classification since.  With A New Nature, Rachel Davies alluded to wanting to have a less electronic feel with further emphasis on the rock element of the band.

Discography

 Violet Cries (2011)
 Wash the Sins Not Only the Face (2013)
 A New Nature (2014)
 Older Terrors (2016)
 Nowhere (2018)
 Hold Sacred (2023)

References

External links

English indie rock groups
Matador Records artists
English new wave musical groups
British dark wave musical groups
English gothic rock groups
Musical groups established in 2008
2008 establishments in England

Esben and the Witch (band)


Pandemonium: the Lost and Found Orchestra is a music based physical theatre piece created by the founders of the percussive theatre show Stomp, Luke Cresswell and Steve McNicholas.

Its origins lie in the theatrical conceits of Stomp and the film/TV soundtrack work of Cresswell/McNicholas. The basic premise was to create an entire orchestra, replacing each section with invented instruments and found objects, bringing the elements of physical theatre and silent comedy from Stomp to an eclectic orchestral concert.

It was initially commissioned for the 2006 Brighton Festival, which was celebrating its 40th anniversary, re-appeared at the Sydney Festival in the Sydney Opera House the following year. After playing the Royal Festival Hall it had a short run at the Carré Theatre in Amsterdam in early 2009. Reworked and renamed for 2010 performances in the USA, what was formerly known as "The Lost and Found Orchestra" or "LFO" became the show, "Pandemonium", as performed by the LFO.

References

External links
Pandemonium site
Stomp International site

Physical theatre


Oriented strand board (OSB) is a type of engineered wood similar to particle board, formed by adding adhesives and then compressing layers of wood strands (flakes) in specific orientations. It was invented by Armin Elmendorf in California in 1963. OSB may have a rough and variegated surface with the individual strips of around , lying unevenly across each other, and is produced in a variety of types and thicknesses.

Oriented strand board is sometimes confused with chipboard, a synonym for particle board, whose "chips" are of a size that a lay person would likely describe as "particles".

Uses

OSB is a material with favorable mechanical properties that make it particularly suitable for load-bearing applications in construction. It is now more popular than plywood, commanding 66% of the North American structural panel market.  The most common uses are as sheathing in walls, flooring, and roof decking. For exterior wall applications, panels are available with a radiant-barrier layer laminated to one side; this eases installation and increases energy performance of the building envelope. OSB is also used in furniture production.

Manufacturing

Oriented strand board is manufactured in wide mats from cross-oriented layers of thin, rectangular wooden strips compressed and bonded together with wax and synthetic resin adhesives.

The adhesive resins types used include: urea-formaldehyde (OSB type 1, nonstructural, nonwaterproof); isocyanate-based glue (or PMDI poly-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate based) in inner regions with melamine-urea-formaldehyde or phenol formaldehyde resin glues at surface (OSB type 2, structural, water resistant on face); phenol formaldehyde resin throughout (OSB types 3 and 4, structural, for use in damp and outside environments).

The layers are created by shredding the wood into strips, which are sifted and then oriented on a belt or wire-mesh caul (a heated, ventilated support) and coated with the resin. The layers thus built up are transferred to a forming line and cross-orientated so that strips on the external layers are aligned to the panel's strength axis, while the internal layers are perpendicular. The number of layers placed is determined partly by the thickness of the panel, but is limited by the equipment installed at the manufacturing site. Individual layers can also vary in thickness to give different finished panel thicknesses (typically, a  layer will produce a  panel thickness). The mat is placed in a thermal press to compress the flakes and bond them by heat activation and curing of the resin that has been coated on the flakes. Individual panels are then cut from the mats into finished sizes. Most of the world's OSB is made in the United States and Canada in large production facilities.

Related products
Materials other than wood have been used to produce products similar to OSB. Oriented structural straw board is an engineered board  made by splitting straw and formed by adding P-MDI adhesives and then hot compressing layers of straw in specific orientations. Strand board can also be made from bagasse.

Production
In 2005, Canadian production was  ( basis) of which  () were exported, almost entirely to the United States. In 2014, Romania became the largest OSB exporting country in Europe, with 28% of the exports going to Russia and 16% to Ukraine.

Properties

Adjustments to the manufacturing process can affect thickness, panel size, strength, and rigidity. OSB panels have no internal gaps or voids, and can be water-resistant, although they do require additional membranes to achieve impermeability to water and are not recommended for exterior use. The finished product has properties similar to plywood, but is uniform and cheaper. However, in 2021 the price spiked 5% to 600% going from under $10 to almost $50 per 4x8 sheet for 7/16" nominal, before correcting into 2022. When tested to failure, OSB has a greater load-bearing capacity than milled wood panels. It has replaced plywood in many environments, especially the North American structural panel market.

While OSB does not have a continuous grain like a natural wood, it does have greater strength on its long axis because more of the component grains are oriented in this direction. This can be seen by observing the alignment of the surface wood chips.

All wood-based structural use panels can be cut and installed with the same types of equipment as for solid wood.

Health and safety
The resins used to create OSB have raised questions regarding the potential for OSB to emit volatile organic compounds  such as formaldehyde. Urea-formaldehyde is more toxic and should be avoided in home use. Phenol-formaldehyde products are considered to be relatively hazard free. Some newer types of OSB, so-called "new-generation" OSB panels, use isocyanate resins that do not contain formaldehyde and are considered nonvolatile when cured. Industry trade groups assert that formaldehyde emissions from North American OSB are "negligible or nonexistent".

Some manufacturers treat the wood chips with various borate compounds that are toxic to termites, wood-boring beetles, molds, and fungi, but not mammals in applied doses.

Types
Five grades of OSB are defined in EN 300 in terms of their mechanical performance and relative resistance to moisture:
 OSB/0 – No added formaldehyde
 OSB/1 – General-purpose boards and boards for interior fitments (including furniture) for use in dry conditions
 OSB/2 – Load-bearing boards for use in dry conditions
 OSB/3 – Load-bearing boards for use in humid conditions
 OSB/4 – Heavy-duty load-bearing boards for use in humid conditions

References

Composite materials
Engineered wood

Oriented strand board


The 1926 Alberta general election was held on June 28, 1926, to elect members of the  Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The United Farmers of Alberta government that had first been elected in 1921 was re-elected, taking a majority of the seats in the Alberta Legislature. Herbert Greenfield had resigned as United Farmers leader and premier, and John E. Brownlee led the UFA to this second election victory, increasing the UFA's number of seats.

The writs of election were issued on May 10, 1926, allowing an election period of 40 days.

1926 was Alberta's first general election where Single transferable voting (STV) was used in the three largest cities and Instant-runoff voting was used everywhere else.

Calgary, Edmonton and Medicine Hat continued to be multi member districts. Edmonton elected five members; Calgary elected five members; Medicine Hat elected two. Previously they had elected members by Plurality block voting. Now they elected members using STV-PR, which at the time was called the Hare Proportional representation system. The seats in each city were filled by candidates who received quota or plurality of the votes whether through first-choice votes or a combination of first-choice votes and votes transferred from less-popular candidates and from successful candidates elected with surplus votes. Each voter cast just one vote so no one group could take all the seats in a city.

Outside the large cities, districts were single member districts and MLAs were elected under the Alternative Voting system. Rural voters, like their city counterparts, cast preferential ballots and had the ability to rank the candidates. The seat was filled by the candidate who received a majority of the votes whether through first-choice votes or a combination of first-choice votes and votes transferred from less-popular candidates. This was the first election in Canada (and in North America) where all the members were elected through something other than X voting.

This dual system of voting would last until 1956. Medicine Hat after 1926 changed to a single-member constituency, whose MLA was elected through Alternative Voting.

Under STV in Edmonton, the UFA captured one seat in Edmonton where it had taken no seats in 1921 under the Liberal government's Block Voting system. The Labour party also for the first time elected an MLA in Edmonton. As well, Edmonton voters elected a Liberal and two Conservatives. This mixed crop of representatives was much better balanced than the single-party sweeps that Edmonton had previously elected through other electoral systems.

The UFA also took a great share of the rural seats, taking 42 of the province's 49 rural seats. It took four rural seats that had been captured by Liberal candidates in 1921 (Beaver River, Leduc, Sedgewick and Whitford), and one that had been won by an Independent in 1921 (Claresholm). The UFA also won the district of Empress, formerly known as Redcliffe, which had been won by the UFA in 1921. No UFA candidate ran for re-election to its seat in Medicine Hat. It gained a seat in the newly created next-door Cypress district. It also lost its St. Albert seat.

The UFA derived no benefit from Alternative Voting - it would have won all but one of the seats it won under Alternative Voting if the contest had been conducted using First-past-the-post voting. And it lost one seat that it would have won if the contest had been held using First-past-the-post voting, (in Bow Valley).

Conservatives, being a less popular party, had been badly treated under FPTP and Block Voting in 1921 but now did better. It won two seats each in Edmonton and Calgary, where Block Voting had been replaced by STV.

At the time of the election call, six seats were sitting vacant. They had been vacated by MLAs who had run in the 1925 federal election. MLA C.W. Cross was elected in the federal election. William McCartney Davidson, Calgary Independent MLA, was another one of those who had left.

The UFA vote share (as measured by First Preference votes) went up 10 percent in this election compared to 1921. This shows effect of the change in voting system - the UFA actually received 15,000 fewer votes in 1926 than in 1921, but the overall number of votes cast had decreased by 118,000. Five thousand more voters voted in this election compared to 1921. But without each city voter being able to cast multiple votes the number of votes cast was much fewer. For example, the Liberals received 54,000 fewer votes. The change in percentage of UFA support resulted from urban voters not being allowed to cast multiple voters as they had done in 1921. That had artificially raised the Liberal vote count and percentage and had lowered the UFA percentage recorded for the 1921 election.

In 1926 the UFA vote count outside the cities was 69,000, having gone down from the 81,000 the party's candidates had received outside the cities in 1921. The UFA's received about 50 percent of the first-preference votes cast outside the cities, and was the secondary choice of many voters who initially had voted for another party. In each of the 42 districts where the UFA candidate won, he or she received either a majority of first Preference votes or a majority that was composed of both First Preference votes and transferred votes.

Under STV Edmonton elected a mixed bag of representatives. UFA, Liberal, Conservative and Labour MLAs were all elected, which compared well with the total sweep that Liberals made in 1921 under Block Voting.

In Calgary Conservative supporters found representation under STV where they had been shut out under Block Voting in 1921.

Under STV in Medicine Hat, a Liberal and a Conservative took the city's two seats - which was fair as the two parties had about equal support there.

Under Alternative Voting outside the cities, if no candidate took a majority of votes in the first count, votes were transferred until a candidate acceptable to a majority of the voters was determined. In Bow Valley the UFA candidate leading in the first count did not have as much support from Conservative supporters as the Liberal candidate so when the Conservative votes were transferred, a Liberal took the seat.

In four districts only two candidates ran so vote transfers were not needed.  But elsewhere three-way contests were the rule. three-cornered contests would be a feature of most elections from here on in, as Canada had passed the point when only two parties dominated politics. Labour and farmer parties were here to stay to fight it out against the two old-line parties.

In fifteen of the province's 49 rural districts, three or more candidates ran and vote-splitting meant no one candidate took a majority of the votes on the first count. A UFA candidate was in the top spot in most of these contests. Liberal and Conservative party supporters were split on whether to support the other old-line party or the UFA, if their candidate was eliminated and their ballots able to be transferred to another. In many cases many Conservative and Liberal back-up preferences were marked for the UFA candidate, and in eight of those 15 districts the UFA candidate who had been leading in the first count won the seat, in three the Liberal leading was elected in the end, and in two the Labour candidate was leading and elected in the end.

The only turn-overs where the candidate leading in the first count was not elected were in Bow Valley and Pincher Creek. In Pincher Creek, back-up preferences on votes at first placed on the Conservative candidate favoured the UFA candidate, who took the seat over the previously-leading Liberal candidate. In Bow Valley, vote transfers from the Conservative candidate went mostly to the Liberal, who passed the UFA candidate in popularity. Overall party-wise the two turn-overs cancelled each other but two different individuals were elected due to the Alternative Voting system than would have been elected under FPTP.

The UFA's seat majority was due to its victories in the rural areas. Its moral right to power rested on the fact that to be elected in a rural district a candidate had to have support from a majority of a district's voters. The UFA was elected through majority support in 42 of the province's 52 districts, and its candidate in Edmonton was the most popular of all the candidates who ran there as well.

Results

Actually five Conservatives were elected—two in Edmonton, two in Calgary and one in Medicine Hat. This change from four brings the total number of seats to 61, not 60.

Members elected
For complete electoral history, see individual districts

(* Cook's defeat of Liberal candidate Bossenberry is the only instance in this election where a candidate who led in the first count was not elected in a second round count, under the preferential balloting system.)

See also
List of Alberta political parties

References

Further reading

1926 elections in Canada
1926
June 1926 events
1926 in Alberta

1926 Alberta general election


Maximilian Schell (8 December 1930 – 1 Februar 2014) wis an actor frae Austria an Swisserland. He wis kent for his performance in Judgment at Nuremburg.

1930 births
2014 daiths
Fowk frae Vienna
Fowk frae Zürich
Austrick male film actors
Swiss male film actors
20t-century Swiss male actors
21st-century Swiss male actors
German-leid film directors
Best Actor Academy Awaird winners
Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners
Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners
Gowden Orange Honorary Awaird winners
Officers Crosses o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany
Recipients o the Austrick Cross o Honour for Science an Airt, 1st cless
Recipients o the Bambi (prize)
German Film Awaird winners

Maximilian Schell


Matthew Hubbard (born December 22, 1970) is an American musician best known for his work with Willie Nelson and with the band 7 Walkers.

Career
Matt Hubbard began his career by studying electronic music at Oberlin Conservatory.  He began working with Willie Nelson in 1998 and has been running Nelson's home studio in Luck, TX since 2000.  Matt co-produced Willie Nelson's "Rainbow Connection" (Island/Def Jam 2001) which was nominated for the Country Album of the Year Grammy Award.  He has also done extensive work as a recording engineer and session musician playing keyboards, harmonica, trombone and other instruments.  Some of the artists Matt has performed with and/or recorded include Ray Price, Archie Bell, Billy Bob Thornton, Papa Mali, Calvin Russell, Carolyn Wonderland, Black Joe Lewis & the Honeybears, and World Idol winner Kurt Nilsen. He played harmonica on Fastball's Keep Your Wig On and trombone and harmonium at their singer, keyboardist and bass guitarist Tony Scalzo's solo album My Favorite Year. He also played keyboards on the soundtrack for ''Babe: Pig in the City."

In 2009 he joined 7 Walkers, a band with former Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann, Meters bassist George Porter Jr. and guitarist Papa Mali.

References

External links
Matt Hubbard official website
7 Walkers official website
The Golden Dawn Arkestra official website

American rock keyboardists
People from East Lansing, Michigan
1970 births
Living people
21st-century American keyboardists
7 Walkers members

Matt Hubbard (musician)


1980
 March 1: United States federal Windfall Profits Tax enacted.
 May: Saudi Light raised to $28.00 per barrel, retroactive to April 1.
 April–September:  : Buy-Sell Program allocations drop to average of  for period April to September 1980.:
 September 17: Iraq breaks 1975 treaty with Iran and proclaims sovereignty over Shatt al-Arab waterway.
 September 23: Iraq invades Iran. Mutual bombing of installations.
 November 10: Iraq captures southern port of Khorramshahr.
 November 20–24: U.N. gulf war mediator Olof Palme makes first unsuccessful peace shuttle between Tehran and Baghdad.
 December: Collapse of OPEC's pricing structure. Saudis use $32 per barrel marker, others use $36 per barrel benchmark.

1981
Saudis flood market with inexpensive oil in 1981, forcing unprecedented price cuts by OPEC members. In October, all 13 OPEC members align on a compromise $32 per barrel benchmark. Later, benchmark price is maintained, but differentials are adjusted.
 January: Iraq repels first major Iranian offensive.
 January 28: President Reagan lifts remaining domestic petroleum price and allocation controls originally scheduled to expire in September 1981.
 April: After meetings in Baghdad and Teheran, attempts by nine Islamic Conference leaders to mediate peace between Iraq and Iran fail.
 Aug: Windfall profits tax reduced.
 September 27–28: Iran defends its besieged port of Abadan, driving back Iraqi forces.
 Oct: OPEC reaches an agreement to unify crude price at $32 per barrel through 1982 and sets an ultimate price ceiling of $38 per barrel.
 November 29: Major Iranian offensive mounted on central front.

1982
Indications of a world oil glut lead to a rapid decline in world oil prices early in 1982. OPEC appears to lose control over world oil prices.
 March: Damascus closes Iraq's  trans-Syrian oil export pipeline to show support for Iran.
 March 11: U.S. boycotts Libyan crude.
 May 24:Iran recaptures Khorramshahr.
 June: Iran demands $150 billion in war reparations; pledges war until Iraq's Hussein stands trial.
 June 10: Iraq declares unilateral cease-fire.
 Jul 13: Iran launches first attack into Iraq.

1983
Oil glut takes hold. Demand falls as a result of conservation, use of other fuels and recession. OPEC agrees to limit overall output to . OPEC agrees to individual output quotas and cuts prices by $5 to $29 per barrel.
 March: Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex) enable the trading of crude oil futures contracts.
 April/May: CBOT contracts have delivery problems. Customers move to Nymex
 April: Iraq increases missile attacks on Iran.
 Jul 20-30: Iran moves into northern Iraq. Casualties top 13,800 in ten days.
 Jul 26: U.S. threatens action to preserve navigation in Persian Gulf.
 Jul-Aug:   Heavy fighting and casualties in Iran-Iraq war.
 Oct: Iran attacks northern Iraq, threatening Kirkuk pipeline.

1984
 February - March: Iran captures Majnoon Islands.
 March 27: Beginning of "tanker war." Over the next nine months, 44 ships, including Iranian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian and Kuwaiti tankers, are attacked by Iraqi or Iranian warplanes or damaged by mines.
 March - June:   Iran mobilizes 500,000 troops to southern front. No offensive materializes.
 May 26: President Reagan rules out U.S. military intervention.
 June: Civilian target truce in Iran-Iraq war.
 Oct: Norway and Britain cut prices in response to falling spot market. Nigeria follows, renewing pressure on OPEC price cuts.
 October 17: OPEC cuts production to , but agreement is negated by cheating and price-discounting.

1985
 January: Nine OPEC members adjust prices to cut gap between light and heavy crudes from $4 to $2.40 per barrel. Saudi light price cut one dollar to $28 per barrel.
 March 11–19: Iranian offensive; heavy casualties.
 May–June:   "Battle of the cities" - heavy bombing from both Iran and Iraq.
 June: OPEC output falls to 20-year low of .
 June: Iran begins hit-and-run raids on Iraq.
 July: OPEC loses customers to cheaper North Sea oil. More OPEC price cuts.
 Aug: Saudi Arabia links prices to spot market. Output rises from  in August to  in early 1986.
 Aug 15: First Iraqi air raid on Iran's main oil export terminal, Kharg Island.
 November 6: Exploratory well in Ranger, Texas, blows out, spilling  of crude oil.
 December: OPEC output hits  boosting a glut and triggering a price war.

1986
Average world oil prices fall by over 50 percent in 1986. There is wide use of netback pricing in 1986.
 February 3–4: OPEC fails to agree upon a production accord after a two-day meeting in Vienna.
 February: Iran captures southern Faw peninsula, starts northern offensive.
 May 7: Iraq bombs Tehran refinery.
 June: OPEC production-cut talks fail, ending in a tentative majority pact on an average 1986 ceiling of .
 June 8: Iraqi jets attack Assadabad satellite station.
 July: Brent price dips under $9 per barrel. OPEC production rises to .
 Jul 27: Iraqi jets attack central Iranian city of Arak. Iran threatens missile attack of gulf states supporting Iraq.
 Aug 2: Hussein offers peace in open letter to Iran.
 Aug 4: Reports of probable OPEC agreement on output quotas sends oil prices higher.
 Aug 12: Iran fires missile at refinery near Baghdad. Iraq raids Iranian terminal at Sirri Island severely disrupting Iranian exports.
 December 19: OPEC reaches an accord that would cut production by seven percent for the first six months of 1987 (from  to ) and would raise prices immediately toward a target world oil price of $18 per barrel.

1987
 January: OPEC price accord begins to deteriorate.
 February: OPEC majors stick to fixed prices.
 Jun-Aug:   Gulf war escalates.
 December: OPEC meeting failure.

1988
 February: OPEC price meeting set.
 March: OPEC/Non-OPEC meeting failure.
 July: Iran accepts cease fire.
 October  14: Crude oil prices jump in anticipation of possible production accord at Gulf Cooperation Council meeting set for October 16.
 November 28: OPEC reaches production accord. Six-month agreement to set production at . Although the recent OPEC quota had been , actual OPEC production had been closer to .
 December: Fulmar/Brent outages.

1989
 March: Exxon tanker Valdez runs aground, spilling 11 million US gallons (42,000 m3) of crude oil in the waters of Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef. Oil prices react upward to news of the spill and to potential shortages on the west coast caused by refinery fires there.
 June: OPEC raises their production ceiling to .

See also
1980s oil glut

References

Oil market timelines
1980s economic history

1980–1989 world oil market chronology


Silver is an unincorporated community in northwestern Coke County, Texas, United States.  Its elevation is 2,100 feet (640 m).  Although Silver is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 76949; the ZCTA for ZIP code 76949 had a population of 30 at the 2000 census.  Founded in 1890, the post office was temporarily closed from 1907 to 1908.

Founded in the 1870s, Silver was long a center of ranching.  However, the discovery of oil shortly after the end of World War II caused the community's population to boom, although the community has since declined.

Silver was home to several camps of oil-company employees in the 1950s and 1960s. It had an independent school district, which provided housing for teachers, offering education to the eighth grade. The town also had three churches, Baptist, Methodist and Church of Christ, a gasoline station, and a grocery store.

The oil companies moved their employees out in 1966. The school district then consolidated with Robert Lee ISD and closed the local school. Most of the houses in town were moved to other places, leaving the settlement sparsely populated.

References

External links
Profile of Silver from the Handbook of Texas Online

Unincorporated communities in Coke County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas

Silver, Texas


In cryptography, pseudorandom noise (PRN) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness. Although it seems to lack any definite pattern, pseudorandom noise consists of a deterministic sequence of pulses that will repeat itself after its period.

In cryptographic devices, the pseudorandom noise pattern is determined by a key and the repetition period can be very long, even millions of digits.

Pseudorandom noise is used in some electronic musical instruments, either by itself or as an input to subtractive synthesis, and in many white noise machines.

In spread-spectrum systems, the receiver correlates a locally generated signal with the received signal. Such spread-spectrum systems require a set of one or more "codes" or "sequences" such that
 Like random noise, the local sequence has a very low correlation with any other sequence in the set, or with the same sequence at a significantly different time offset, or with narrow band interference, or with thermal noise.
 Unlike random noise, it must be easy to generate exactly the same sequence at both the transmitter and the receiver, so the receiver's locally generated sequence has a very high correlation with the transmitted sequence.

In a direct-sequence spread spectrum system, each bit in the pseudorandom binary sequence is known as a chip and the inverse of its period as chip rate; compare bit rate and symbol rate.

In a frequency-hopping spread spectrum sequence, each value in the pseudorandom sequence is known as a channel number and the inverse of its period as the hop rate. FCC Part 15 mandates at least 50 different channels and at least a 2.5 Hz hop rate for narrow band frequency-hopping systems.

GPS satellites broadcast data at a rate of 50 data bits per second – each satellite modulates its data with one PN bit stream at 1.023 million chips per second and the same data with another PN bit stream at 10.23 million chips per second.
GPS receivers correlate the received PN bit stream with a local reference to measure distance. GPS is a receive-only system that uses relative timing measurements from several satellites (and the known positions of the satellites) to determine receiver position.

Other range-finding applications involve two-way transmissions. A local station generates a pseudorandom bit sequence and transmits it to the remote location (using any modulation technique). Some object at the remote location echoes this PN signal back to the location station – either passively, as in some kinds of radar and sonar systems, or using an active transponder at the remote location, as in the Apollo Unified S-band system. By correlating a (delayed version of) the transmitted signal with the received signal, a precise round trip time to the remote location can be determined and thus the distance.

PN code

A pseudo-noise code (PN code) or pseudo-random-noise code (PRN code) is one that has a spectrum similar to a random sequence of bits but is deterministically generated. The most commonly used sequences in direct-sequence spread spectrum systems are maximal length sequences, Gold codes, Kasami codes, and Barker codes.

See also
 Barker code
 Gold Codes
 Maximum length sequence
 Zadoff–Chu sequence
 Pseudorandom number generator
 Pseudorandomness
 White noise

References

Noise (electronics)
Pseudorandomness

Pseudorandom noise


Morten Sæther (born 13 May 1959) is a Norwegian cyclist. He won a bronze medal at the 1979 UCI Road World Championships in the 100 km team time trial. He missed the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow due to their boycott by Norway, but competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where he placed fourth in the individual road race. He won the Tour of Berlin in 1979 and 1983 and finished second in the Tour of Austria and Sealink Race in 1980. He also won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 1981 and 1983.

References

External links

1959 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Lillehammer
Norwegian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Norway
Cyclists at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Morten Sæther


All Saints Episcopal Church is an Episcopal church and parish in the San Marco district of Jacksonville, Florida. The parish is in the Episcopal Diocese of Florida. The congregation marked its quasquicentennial on All Saints Sunday, November 7, 2010.

Current church
All Saints Episcopal Church is a mid-sized parish with approximately 400 members. It is the only Episcopal church in the San Marco neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. The parish's rector is The Reverend Donavan Cain.

"Music Through the Ages" concert series
All Saints Episcopal Church hosts an annual late fall through early spring classical music series entitled "Music Through the Ages." The free concert series features both locally and nationally known chamber and classical music groups. The most high-profile groups scheduled to perform in the 2011/2012 concert series are the Ritz Chamber Players and American Boychoir. One of the yearly events in the series, always held during Advent, is a service of lessons and carols, patterned after King's College, Cambridge's "Nine Lessons and Carols. "Music Through the Ages" is organized by the church's music director and organist, Dr. Michael Mastronicola.

Intergenerational care center
All Saints Early Learning and Care Center, on the parish's campus, is an intergenerational shared site ministry that provides daycare for children (6 months to 5 years), special needs children (3 to 5 years), special needs adults (18+) and senior citizens. It is the first intergenerational daycare center in the Southeast. The care center is a private non-profit corporation funded by Title XX, the State of Florida, the United Way, private contributions, and fees paid by participants.

See also

Episcopal Church (United States)
Province 4 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Episcopal Diocese of Florida

References

External links
All Saints Episcopal Church, Jacksonville, Florida website
Care Center website

Episcopal churches in Jacksonville, Florida
Episcopal church buildings in Florida
Churches completed in 1965
Religious organizations established in 1885
1885 establishments in Florida

All Saints Episcopal Church (Jacksonville)


David Hahn (born 1955 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American businessman. He is the CEO of Internet development company New Digital Group and was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Nebraska in 2006.

Biography

Hahn was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1955 and spent most of his youth in Schuyler and Stromsburg, Nebraska. When he was 15 years old, his family moved to Mount Vernon, Ohio, and he graduated from Mount Vernon High School in 1973. In 1978, he graduated from Sterling College in Kansas with a bachelor's degree in political science and philosophy. His undergraduate education included a year studying philosophy and theology at Phillips University in Marburg, Germany. After college, he returned to his home state and obtained a J.D. degree in 1981 from the University of Nebraska.

Hahn practiced law throughout the 1980s in Kearney, Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. His hobby of software development eventually grew into New Digital Group, a company he founded in 1995, and of which he is the CEO.

Hahn announced his intention to run for Governor of Nebraska in December 2005. His only competition in the Democratic primary was Glenn Boot Jr. of Ashland, Nebraska who was disqualified due to a previous felony conviction. Hahn selected Wilcox, Nebraska farmer Steve Loschen as his running mate for Lieutenant Governor and faced Nebraska party candidate Barry Richards, independent Mort Sullivan, and incumbent Republican Governor Dave Heineman in the November 7, 2006 general election. He lost, only receiving 24% of the vote.

References

External links
Campaign Website

1955 births
Living people
Nebraska Democrats
People from Schuyler, Nebraska
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
People from Stromsburg, Nebraska
Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
Candidates in the 2006 United States elections
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
American technology chief executives
Sterling College alumni

David Hahn (American politician)


Matthews v United Kingdom is a human rights case (18 February 1999) on the right to vote, under the European Convention on Human Rights.

Gibraltarians, although EU citizens under the British Treaty of Accession, were unable to vote in elections for the European Parliament. Gibraltar is bound by EU laws and has implemented EU legislation fully and promptly, but Gibraltarians and other EU nationals resident in Gibraltar had been denied the vote in elections to the European Parliament. The reason given was that the British Government had failed to make the necessary legal arrangements and declined to do so.

In 1998 Lord Bethell moved an amendment to the European Parliamentary Elections Bill in the House of Lords, to make a provision for the right to vote for residents of Gibraltar, but it was defeated by the Labour Government, supported by the Liberal Democrats.

The Gibraltar Self-Determination Group (SDGG) took the case to the European Court of Human Rights, and won a landmark decision.

The applicant, Denise Matthews, is a British citizen and resident of Gibraltar. In April 1994 she applied to be registered as a voter in the elections to the European Parliament. She was told that under the terms of the EC Act on Direct Elections of 1976 Gibraltar was not included in the franchise for those elections.

The applicant claimed that the absence of elections in Gibraltar to the European Parliament was in violation of her right to participate in elections to choose the legislature under Article 3 of Protocol No. 1. She also alleged a violation of Article 14 on the ground that she was entitled to vote in European Parliament elections anywhere in the European Union where she lived except in Gibraltar. It was common ground that Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 applied in Gibraltar.

As a consequence of this decision in 1999 and after consultation by the Electoral Commission, Gibraltar was included in the South West England constituency for the European Parliament election in 2004.

Spain took a complaint about Gibraltar participating in EU elections to the European Court of Justice, the European Union's high court, but this was unsuccessful.

See also
 Law of Gibraltar

References

External links
 Press release on the judgement (18 February 1999), archived from the original on 22 December 2009

European Court of Human Rights cases involving the United Kingdom
Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Gibraltar and the European Union
1999 in United Kingdom case law

Matthews v United Kingdom


Leslie Harold Collier (9 February 1921 – 14 March 2011) was a scientist responsible for developing a freeze-drying method to produce a more heat stable smallpox vaccine in the late 1940s. Collier added a key component, peptone, a soluble protein, to the process. This protected the virus, enabling the production of a heat-stable vaccine in powdered form. Previously, smallpox vaccines would become ineffective after 1–2 days at ambient temperature.

The development of his vaccine production method played a large role in enabling the World Health Organization to initiate its global smallpox eradication campaign in 1967.

Publications

Collier was a co-editor of the eighth edition and editor-in-chief of the five-volume ninth edition of the "microbiologist's bible", Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity (now Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections), which won the Society of Authors' 1998 award in the advanced edited book category.He was also joint editor of Developments in Antiviral Chemotherapy (1980).He was a co-author of Human Virology (1993).

References

External links

1921 births
2011 deaths
Smallpox vaccines
British scientists
British virologists
People educated at Brighton College
Alumni of the UCL Medical School

Leslie Collier


Caryl & Marilyn: Real Friends is an hour-long daytime talk/variety show which ran on ABC from June 10, 1996, to May 30, 1997. The series was produced by Viacom Productions.

Details
The program was hosted by Marilyn Kentz and Caryl Kristensen, who gained fame as the comedy duo known as The Mommies. The show offered lighter fare which consisted of humor, celebrity guests, cooking segments, fashion tips and health issues.

The two hosts did not want to use the "Mommies" name for this series, as they had for their previous television effort (a short-lived sitcom for NBC which was produced by Viacom's Paramount Network Television), for they wanted to use their longtime friendship as the basis for the show.

The program was stunted by heavy preemptions or relocation to overnight timeslots by ABC affiliates that had been displeased by the network's previous midday lifestyle programming, The Home Show and Mike and Maty, in addition to tough competition from CBS's longtime ratings powerhouse The Price Is Right.

It also had the disadvantage of being produced by an outside distributor in Viacom, which meant ABC had little to no input on the program's content. The ratings never improved at all from ABC's previous efforts, and the program was canceled two weeks before the first anniversary of its premiere to be replaced by The View, a program featuring ABC News's Barbara Walters and completely under the purview of ABC itself, which has remained in the timeslot since.

In pop culture
On the HBO series The Larry Sanders Show, Paula, the talent booker, threatened to leave the show after getting an offer to produce Caryl & Marilyn. However, it is not discussed if Paula actually took the job.

References

External links

1996 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
1990s American television talk shows
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Television series by CBS Studios

Caryl & Marilyn: Real Friends


A pall (or pairle) in heraldry and vexillology is a Y-shaped charge, normally having its arms in the three corners of the shield. An example of a pall placed horizontally (fesswise) is the green portion of the South African national flag.

A pall that stops short of the shield's edges and that has pointed ends to its three limbs is called a shakefork, although some heraldic sources do not make a distinction between a pall and a shakefork. A pall standing upside down is named pall reversed.

A pall on a shield may indicate a connection with the clergy, particularly archbishoprics, although in these cases the pall's lower limb usually stops short of the bottom of the shield and is fringed. Such a pall is often called an ecclesiastical pall or pallium, representing the ecclesiastical vestment from which this heraldic charge derives.

If there is symmetry within the arms, its blazon can be simplified in the English language by use of the heraldic term 'between' -- 'in the midst of, so as to make a symmetrical composition'. The coat of Saint-Wandrille-Rançon is an example where the French blasonnement is similar to the traditional English blazon, yet can be described with a simplified English blazon.

Modified palls
A pall can be modified by most of the lines of partition, such as the pall wavy in the coat of Saint-Wandrille-Rançon.

Gallery

References

External links

Heraldic ordinaries

Pall (heraldry)