Chesapeake  is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Rachael Yamagata. It was released on October 11, 2011, via Frankenfish Records and Megaforce Records in North America.

Development
Recorded in Maryland, Chesapeake is Yamagata's first studio album since 2008's Elephants...Teeth Sinking into Heart. She utilized the fan-funded music platform PledgeMusic to fund the album. She parted ways from her record label, and released it through her own label called Frankenfish Records. She told Steve Baltin of Rolling Stone, "It was really gratifying in that sense because I don't have the pressures of a major label anymore. In a funny way, I think this might be a more commercial record for me in terms of reaching a broader audience because there was no attempt or requirement to be anything but what we felt like doing in the room." She reunited with John Alagía, the producer of her debut album, Happenstance, to help produce the album.

Critical reception
James Christopher Monger of AllMusic said, "by far Yamagata's most laid-back release to date, offering up ten tracks that run the gamut from lush and languid ("Saturday Morning", "Even If I Don't") to sultry and spooky ("Starlight") and back again with the easy confidence of an artist on her home turf."

Covers
"You Won't Let Me" was covered by Australian recording artist Karise Eden, who won the first series of The Voice (Australia).

Track listing

Personnel
John Alagía – Electric guitar, background vocals, Mixer
Michael Chavez – Acoustic guitar, electric guitar, mandolin
Tom Freund – Bass
Pete Hanlon – Electric guitar
Sean Hurley – Bass
Victor Indrizzo – Drums, percussion
Oli Krauss – Cello, strings
Zac Rae – Farfisa Organ, electric guitar, keyboards, organ, synthesizer, tack piano, vibraphone
Eric Robinson – Engineer, Mixer
Kevin Salem – Dobro, electric guitar, slide guitar
Mike Viola – Fender Rhodes, acoustic guitar, keyboards, piano, background vocals
Rachael Yamagata – Acoustic guitar, piano, tambourine, trumpet, vocals

References

External links

2011 albums
Rachael Yamagata albums

Chesapeake (album)


Zastrozzi: A Romance is a Gothic novel by Percy Bysshe Shelley first published in 1810 in London by George Wilkie and John Robinson anonymously, with only the initials of the author's name, as "by P.B.S.". The first of Shelley's two early Gothic novellas, the other being St. Irvyne, outlines his atheistic worldview through the villain Zastrozzi and touches upon his earliest thoughts on irresponsible self-indulgence and violent revenge. An 1810 reviewer wrote that the main character "Zastrozzi is one of the most savage and improbable demons that ever issued from a diseased brain".

Shelley wrote Zastrozzi at the age of seventeen while attending his last year at Eton College, though it was not published until later in 1810 while he was attending University College, Oxford. The novella was Shelley's first published prose work.

In 1986, the novel was released as part of the Oxford World's Classics series by Oxford University. Nicole Berry translated the novel in a French edition in 1999. A German translation by Manfred Pfister was published in 2007.

Major characters
 Pietro Zastrozzi, an outlaw who seeks revenge against Verezzi, his half-brother
 Verezzi, Il Conte, imprisoned by Zastrozzi
 Julia, La Marchesa de Strobazzo, intended wife of Verezzi
 Matilda, the Contessa di Laurentini, seduces Verezzi in plan devised by Zastrozzi
 Bernardo, servant to Zastrozzi
 Ugo, servant to Zastrozzi
 Ferdinand Zeilnitz, servant to Matilda
 Bianca, servant to Zastrozzi
 Claudine, old woman in Passau, shelters Verezzi
 The Monk
 The Inquisitor
 The Superior, a judge

Epigraph
The epigraph on the title page of the novel is from Paradise Lost (1667) by John Milton, Book II, 368–371:

—That their God
May prove their foe, and with repenting hand
Abolish his own works—This would surpass
Common revenge.
– Paradise Lost.

Plot
Pietro Zastrozzi, an outlaw, and his two servants, Bernardo and Ugo, disguised in masks, abduct Verezzi from the inn near Munich where he lives and take him to a cavern hideout. Verezzi is locked in a room with an iron door. Chains are placed around his waist and limbs and he is attached to the wall.

Verezzi is able to escape and to flee his abductors, running away to Passau in Lower Bavaria. Claudine, an elderly woman, allows Verezzi to stay at her cottage. Verezzi saves Matilda from jumping off of a bridge. She befriends him. Matilda seeks to persuade Verezzi to marry her. Verezzi, however, is in love with Julia. Matilda provides lodging for Verezzi at her castle or mansion estate near Venice. Her tireless efforts to seduce him are unsuccessful.

Zastrozzi concocts a plan to torture and to torment Verezzi. He spreads a false rumour that Julia has died, exclaiming to Matilda: "Would Julia of Strobazzo's heart was reeking on my dagger!" Verezzi is convinced that Julia is dead. Distraught and emotionally shattered, he then relents and offers to marry Matilda.

The truth is revealed that Julia is still alive. Verezzi is so distressed at his betrayal that he kills himself. Matilda kills Julia in retaliation. Zastrozzi and Matilda are arrested for murder. Matilda repents. Zastrozzi, however, remains defiant before an inquisition. He is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death.

Zastrozzi confesses that he sought revenge against Verezzi because Verezzi's father had deserted his mother, Olivia, who died young, destitute, and in poverty. Zastrozzi blamed his father for the death of his mother, who died before she was thirty. Zastrozzi sought revenge against not only his own father, whom he murdered, but also against "his progeny for ever", his son Verezzi. Verezzi and Zastrozzi had the same father. By murdering his own father, Zastrozzi only killed his corporeal body. By manipulating Verezzi into committing suicide, however, Zastrozzi confessed that his objective was to achieve the eternal damnation of Verezzi's soul based on the proscription of the Christian religion against suicide. Zastrozzi, an outspoken atheist, goes to his death on the rack rejecting and renouncing religion and morality "with a wild convulsive laugh of exulting revenge".

Reception
The Gentleman's Magazine, regarded as the first literary magazine, published a favourable review of Zastrozzi in 1810: "A short, but well-told tale of horror, and, if we do not mistake, not from an ordinary pen. The story is so artfully conducted that the reader cannot easily anticipate the denouement." The Critical Review, a conservative journal with a "reactionary aesthetic agenda", on the other hand, called the main character Zastrozzi "one of the most savage and improbable demons that ever issued from a diseased brain." The reviewer dismissed the novella: "We know not when we have felt so much indignation as in the perusal of this execrable production. The author of it cannot be too severely reprobated. Not all his 'scintillated eyes,' his 'battling emotions,' his 'frigorific torpidity of despair'... ought to save him from infamy, and his volume from the flames."

Zastrozzi was republished in 1839 in The Romancist and Novelist's Library: The Best Works of the Best Authors, Volume 1, No. 10, published in London by John Clements.

The novel contains psychological and autobiographical components. Eustace Chesser, in Shelley and Zastrozzi (1965), analysed the novella as a complex psychological thriller: "When I first came across Zastrozzi I was immediately struck by its resemblance to the dream material with which every psychoanalyst is familiar. It was not a story told with the detachment of a professional writer for the entertainment of the public. Whatever the conscious intention of the young Shelley, he was in fact, writing for himself. He was opening the floodgates of the unconscious and allowing its fantasies to pour out unrestrainedly. He was betraying, unwittingly, the emotional problems that agitated his adolescent mind."

Real experiences and actual people were projected on fictional events and characters. Subconscious conflicts are resolved in the writing process. Patrick Bridgwater, in Kafka, Gothic and Fairytale (2003), argued that the novella anticipated Franz Kafka's work in the twentieth century.

Stylistically, the novella reveals several flaws. The most striking flaw is missing chapters, although some critics and editors have argued that Shelley intended this omission as a prank. At about one hundred pages, Zastrozzi is shorter than novel-length, which prevents a more thorough and complete development of the characters. In the middle sections of the novella, moreover, there is not enough variation in the setting. There is a primary focus on Verezzi and Matilda at the exclusion of the other characters and at the expense of the plot development. Shelley also experiments with word selection and structure which tends to slow down the flow of the story.

Adaptations
In 1977, Canadian playwright George F. Walker wrote a successful play adaptation called "Zastrozzi, The Master of Discipline" based on the Shelley novella. The play was based on a plot summary of Shelley's work, but in and of itself was something "rather different from the novel," in the author's words. The play has repeatedly been revived and was part of the 2009 season of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. Walker's play retains all the major characters of the Shelley novella, the core plot, and the moral and ethical issues relating to revenge and retribution and atheism. The play has been in continuous production worldwide since it was published in 1977.

In 1986, Channel Four Films in Britain produced a four-part television mini-series of the Shelley novella as Zastrozzi, A Romance, adapted and directed by David G. Hopkins and produced by Lindsey C. Vickers and David Lascelles, shown on Channel Four. The series was also shown on American television on PBS in a version by WNET on the "Channel Crossings" program. Mark McGann played Verezzi, Tilda Swinton played Julia, Hilary Trott played Matilda, Max Wall was the Priest, while Zastrozzi was played by newcomer Geff Francis. The production consisted of four 52-minute episodes. In 1990, Jeremy Isaacs named the dramatisation of Zastrozzi as one of the 10 programmes of which he was most proud during his tenure as Channel 4's chief executive.

The entire four-part miniseries Zastrozzi, A Romance was released on DVD on two discs on 8 October 2018 in the UK.

Similarities to Frankenstein
There are similarities between Zastrozzi and Frankenstein in terms of imagery, style, themes, plot structure and character development. Phillip Wade noted how the allusions to John Milton's Paradise Lost are present in both novels:

"Shelley's earlier characterization of Zastrozzi with his 'lofty stature' and 'dignified mein and dauntless composure' clearly owed much to Milton's Satan, as did that of Wolfstein in St. Irvyne, described as having a 'towering and majestic form' and 'expressive and regular features ... pregnant with a look as if woe had beat to earth a mind whose native and unconfined energies had aspired to heaven.' In this second romance Shelley had also pictured a character 'whose proportions, gigantic and deformed, were seemingly blackened by the inerasable traces of the thunderbolts of God.' This kind of description, so patently imitative of Milton's characterization of Satan, is as evident in Frankenstein as it is in Shelley's juvenile romances."

He described a scene in Zastrozzi that is repeated in Frankenstein:

"To give an example: in Zastrozzi there is a scene played in a conventional Alpine setting. A lightning storm, properly terrifying, rattles from crag to crag. And there Matilda:

'Contemplated the tempest which raged around her. The battling elements paused, an uninterrupted silence, deep, dreadful as the silence of the tomb, succeeded. Matilda heard a noise -- footsteps were distinguishable, and looking up, a flash of lightning disclosed to her view the towering form of Zastrozzi. His gigantic figure was again involved in pitchy darkness, as the momentary lightning receded. A peal of crashing thunder again madly rattled over the zenith, and a scintillating flash announced Zastrozzi's approach, as he stood before Matilda.'

He found that the "identical" scene is replicated in Frankenstein:

"The identical scene occurs in Frankenstein, with Victor Frankenstein finding himself in the Alps during an electrical storm:

'I watched the storm, so beautiful yet terrific ... This noble war in the sky elevated my spirits; I clasped my hands, and exclaimed aloud, "William, dear angel! this is thy funeral, this is thy dirge!' As I said these words, I perceived in the gloom a figure ... A flash of lightning illuminated the object, and discovered its shape plainly to me, its gigantic stature ... instantly informed me it was the wretch, the filthy demon, to whom I had given life.'"

He concluded that both books show Shelley's use of Miltonic themes:

"Granted, storm scenes are not unusual in Romantic literature; one need only recall Byron's Childe Harold. But the Miltonic image of a titanic Satan silhouetted by fires in the pitchy blackness of Hell bears the unmistakable mark of Shelley's influence."

Stephen C. Behrendt noted that the plan for getting revenge upon God in Zastrozzi, as referenced in the epigraph, "anticipates the guerilla warfare that the Creature will wage on Victor Frankenstein":

"Speaking to the assembly of fallen angels in Hell, Beelzebub is proposing a means of achieving revenge against God. His plan calls for attacking God by sabotaging the creatures most dear to him, Adam and Eve, so that an angry and regretful God will condemn them to destruction, a scheme that anticipates the guerilla warfare that the Creature will wage on Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein."

Jonathan Glance compared the dream in Frankenstein with that in Zastrozzi: "The final and closest analogue to Victor Frankenstein's dream occurs in Percy Shelley's Zastrozzi (1810)." Matilda's reaction is described: "At one point she imagined that Verezzi, consenting to their union, presented her his hand: that at her touch the flesh crumbled from it, and, a shrieking spectre, he fled from her view".

Shelley's later prose fiction
In 1811, Shelley wrote a follow-up novella to Zastrozzi called St. Irvyne; or, The Rosicrucian, A Romance, about an alchemist who sought to impart the secret of immortality, published by John Joseph Stockdale, at 41 Pall Mall, in London, which relied more on the supernatural than did Zastrozzi, which was imbued with Romantic realism.

The principal fictional prose writings of Shelley are Zastrozzi, St. Irvyne, The Assassins, A Fragment of a Romance (1814), an unfinished novella about a morality-driven sect of zealots determined to kill the tyrants and oppressive dictators in the world, The Coliseum (1817), Una Favola (A Fable), written in Italian in 1819, and The Elysian Fields: A Lucianic Fragment (1818), which presents fictional fantasy with political commentary. The chapbooks Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit (1822) and Wolfstein, the Murderer; or, The Secrets of a Robber's Cave (1830) were condensed versions of St. Irvyne. A True Story was attributed to him from the 1820 Indicator by Leigh Hunt, which is similar to the poem The Sunset (1816). Shelley also wrote the preface and contributed at least 4,000–5,000 words to the Gothic novel Frankenstein (1818) by his wife Mary Shelley. There is a continuing debate about how much he wrote of the novel. In 2008, he was given co-writer or collaborator status.

References

Sources

 Lauritsen, John. The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein. Dorchester, MA: Pagan Press, 2007.
 de Hart, Scott D. Shelly Unbound: Discovering Frankenstein's True Creator. Port Townsend, WA, U.S.: Feral House, 2013. Also as Shelley Unbound: Uncovering Frankenstein's True Creator.
 Chesser, Eustace. Shelley and Zastrozzi: Self-Revelation of a Neurotic. London: Gregg/Archive, 1965. Eustace Chesser: "The story itself had the incoherence of a dream because that is just what it was – a day dream in which our conscious conflicts were worked out in disguise."
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Zastrozzi. With a Foreword by Germaine Greer. London: Hesperus Press, 2002. Germaine Greer: "The whole novel treats a love that still dare not speak its name, the love of a juvenile for adult women."
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Zastrozzi: A Romance; St. Irvyne, or, The Rosicrucian: A Romance. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes by Stepehen C. Behrendt. Peterborough, Ont., Canada: Broadview Press, 2002.
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Zastrozzi and St. Irvyne. (The World's Classics). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The Prose Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Edited by Harry Buxton Forman, 8 volumes. London: Reeves and Turner, 1880.
 Rajan, Tilottama. "Promethean Narrative: Overdetermined Form in Shelley's Gothic Fiction." Shelley: Poet and Legislator of the World, ed. Betty T. Bennett and Stuart Curran (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 240–52, 308–9.
 Zimansky, Curt R. (1981). "Zastrozzi and The Bravo of Venice: Another Shelley Borrowing." Keats-Shelley Journal, 30, pp. 15–17.
 Frosch, Thomas R. Shelley and the Romantic Imagination: A Psychological Study. University of Delaware Press, 2007.
 Bridgwater, Patrick. Kafka, Gothic and Fairytale. Rodopi, 2003. Patrick Bridgwater: "Zastrozzi is more interesting than it is generally allowed: ... it comes into its own when considered side by side with Kafka's work."
 Hughes, A.M.D. (1912). Shelley's Zastrozzi and St. Irvyne. Modern Language Review.
 Hughes, A.M.D. The Nascent Mind of Shelley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1947.
 Seed, David. (1984). "Mystery and Monodrama in Shelley's Zastrozzi." Dutch Quarterly Review, 14.i, pp. 1–17.
 Day, Aidan. Romanticism. NY: Routledge, 1996.
 Shepherd, Richard Herne, ed. The Prose Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley: From the Original Editions. London: Chatto and Windus, 1888.
 Crook, Nora and Derek Guiton. Shelley's Venomed Melody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
 Bonca, Teddi Chichester. Shelley's Mirrors of Love: Narcissism, Sacrifice, and Sorority. NY: SUNY Press, 1999.
 Clark, Timothy. (1993). "Shelley's 'The Coliseum' and the Sublime." Durham University Journal, 225–235.
 Duffy, Cian. (2003). "Revolution or Reaction? Shelley's 'Assassins' and the Politics of Necessity." Keats-Shelley Journal, Vol. 52, pp. 77–93.
 Duffy, Cian. Shelley and the Revolutionary Sublime. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 Clark, Timothy. Embodying Revolution: The Figure of the Poet in Shelley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
 Kiley, Brendan. "Zastrozzi: Percy Shelley's Murder-Revenge Camp." The Stranger, Seattle, WA, 28 October 2009.
 Barker, Jeremy M. "The Balagan's Zastrozzi Delivers Sex & Violence Without a Pesky Purpose." The Sun Break, 12 October 2009.
 "Zastrozzi and the Price of Passion." Viva Victoriana, 9 September 2009.
 Glance, Jonathan. (1996). "'Beyond the Usual Bounds of Reverie'? Another Look at the Dreams in Frankenstein." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, 7.4: 30–47. "Mary Shelley's journal indicates she read ... not long before composing Frankenstein ... Zastrozzi in 1814." There are "analogous" dream images and themes in both works: "The final and closest analogue to Victor Frankenstein's dream occurs in Percy Shelley's Zastrozzi (1810)."
 Simpkins, Scott. "Encoding Masculinity in the Gothic Novel: Shelley's Zastrozzi." California Semiotic Circle Conference, January 1997, Berkeley, CA.
 Neilson, Dylan. "Zastrozzi: Master of Stage". The Gauntlet, 27 January 2005.
 Halliburton, David G. (Winter, 1967). "Shelley's 'Gothic' Novels." Keats-Shelley Journal, Vol. 16, pp. 39–49.
 "Shelley's Novels." The New York Times, 28 November 1886.
 Sigler, David. "The Act of Objectification in P.B. Shelley"s Zastrozzi." International Conference on Romanticism (ICR), Towson University, Baltimore, MD, October 2007.
 Young, A. B. (1906). "Shelley and M.G. Lewis." Modern Language Review, 1: pp. 322–324.
 Rich, Frank. "Stage: Serban Directs 'Zastrozzi' at the Public." New York Times, 18 January 1962.
 Simpkins, Scott. "Tricksterism in the Gothic Novel." The American Journal of Semiotics, 1 January 1997.
 Cottom, Daniel. "Gothic Pathologies: The Text, The Body and The Law." Studies in Romanticism, 22 December 2000.
 Hagopian, John V. (1955). "A Psychological Approach to Shelley's Poetry." American Imago, 12: 25–45.
 Livingston, Luther S. "First Books Of Some English Authors: Percy Bysshe Shelley." The Bookman, XII, 4, December 1900.
 Lovecraft, H. P. "Supernatural Horror in Literature." The Recluse, No. 1 (1927), 23–59.
Wade, Phillip. "Shelley and the Miltonic Element in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein." Milton and the Romantics, 2 (December 1976), 23-25. A scene from Zastrozzi is re-invoked in Frankenstein.

External links

 Online edition of Zastrozzi on the Project Gutenberg website.
 The Prose Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, Volume 1
 "A British Adaptation of Shelley's Zastrozzi", New York Times, 16 October 1986
 Zastrozzi, A Romance (1986) – UK television mini-series on IMDB.

1810 British novels
British novellas
British Gothic novels
British horror novels
British romance novels
Atheism
British mystery novels
British crime novels
British psychological novels
Works by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Works published anonymously
British novels adapted into television shows

Zastrozzi


Fireman Sam (Welsh: Sam Tân) is a Welsh/British animated children's television series about a fireman named Sam and his fellow firefighters who work in the Pontypandy Fire Station, and other residents in a fictional Welsh rural village called Pontypandy (a portmanteau of two real towns, Pontypridd and Tonypandy). The first five series of the show were animated in stop motion, but starting with the sixth series onwards, the show is completely animated in CGI.

Original idea
The original idea for the series came from two former firemen from London, who took their idea to artist and writer Rob Lee who developed the concept, and the show was commissioned. The series first appeared in Welsh on S4C on 15 September 1987, and two months later in English on BBC One on 17 November.

Characters

Firefighters
 Fireman Sam is the brave archetypal fireman and protector, who remains composed in an emergency and unfailingly offers assistance to all those in need. He is single, but maintains a close relationship with his niece, Sarah and nephew, James. He spends his spare time in his inventing shed, in which he makes devices ranging from a potato picker made from old bicycle parts to a machine capable of replacing the band. On occasion his inventive streak can undermine his emphasis on fire safety.
 Elvis Cridlington provides a stark contrast to Sam in both competency and demeanour.
 Station Officer Steele is the chief of Pontypandy Fire Station. As a former army officer, he insists upon a high standard of both hygiene and efficiency in the fire station.
 Penny Morris is the only firewoman before Ellie Phillips. She only visited occasionally (hailing from Newtown fire station), and in the new series, she works at Pontypandy fire station full-time. Penny doubles as a mechanic. Her ideas are often unconventional and at odds with her male colleagues, but she usually turns out to have been right. Penny is often known to go on adventures with the's children Sarah and James, Norman Price and Mandy Flood. A relationship between her and Elvis has been hinted more than once. It is also hinted that Penny is a vegetarian.
 Chief Fire Officer Boyce hails from Newtown and visits Pontypandy.

 Ellie Phillips is the new female firefighter introduced in the latest feature-length special "Heroes of the Storm". She attended the Newtown Fire Academy and was one of the best in the batch.
 Arnold McKinley is the new fireman introduced in the latest feature-length special "Heroes of the Storm". It is him who gave the name "Hydrus" to the new rescue vehicle introduced at the end of this special. He attended the Newtown Fire Academy and was one of the best in his batch.
 Jerry Lee Cridlington is a new firefighter and Elvis' cousin. He made his debut in Castles in the Air as a replacement while Penny Morris was away for the day and whilst he was at the fire station he got Station Officer Steele confused as he thought Elvis was in two places at once. He resembles Elvis, though he has blond hair and according to Elvis, he is the better cook of the two.

Pontypandy residents
 Bella Lasagne is the absent-minded village café owner, hailing from Italy and has since moved to Newtown, making various visits. Bella appears to be based on the real Welsh Italians who ran cafés known as "Bracchis" in South Wales Valleys.
 Ben Hooper is the new coastguard who operates the ocean rescue center.
 Bentley Jones was Fireman Sam's superhuman invention. He appears in Bentley the Robot and Fireman Sam in Action.
 Bronwyn Jones (née Griffiths) is a Pontypandy citizen who runs the Wholefish Café and is the mother of Sarah and James. She is the wife of Charlie and the sister-in-law of Fireman Sam.
 Buck Douglas is an alien-hunter and television presenter who will be introduced in the Fireman Sam special, Alien Alert.
 Charlie Jones is a fisherman, Bronwyn's husband, Fireman Sam's brother and father of Sarah and James. He is running his fishing boat.
 Derek Price is Norman's cousin, Mr and Mrs Price's son.
 Dilys Price runs the village shop. She is a well known gossip, and has great affection for Trevor, the bus driver (something which poor Trevor is too shy to act upon). Dilys is the mother of mischief-maker Norman Price, but is frequently blind to her son's troublesome ways. She dotes on her only child, or "Mummy's Little Darling" or My Little Treasure as she sometimes calls him. In the original series, Dilys is shown to be more snobbish than in the later series. She also appears to use malapropisms in her speech (for example, "historical" instead of "hysterical", "I'm suffering from smoke installation (inhalation)", and "I'm a very reprehensible (responsible) person, me"). She tells her son Norman to turn off the "eccentric" (electric) blanket given to Norman by his Nan. Dilys is also known to be self-centered; when she and Bella think they are going to be abducted by aliens, Bella says, "It's-a coming straight for us!", to which Dilys replies, "Stands to reason, if they want intelligent lifeforms," while looking disapprovingly at Bella.
 Gareth Griffiths is the father of Bronwyn, maternal grandfather of Sarah and James and Charlie's father-in-Law.
 Hannah Sparkes is an eleven-year-old girl and Joe and Lizzie's daughter. She is the only child in Pontypandy to use a wheelchair.
 Helen Flood is the nurse, mother of Mandy Flood, and wife of Mike Flood.
 Sarah and James Jones are the relatively well-behaved six-year-old twins of Charlie and Bronwyn, niece and nephew of Fireman Sam. They are often more sensible in an emergency than Norman. When they grow up they want to be firefighters like their uncle Sam. They started acting more like naughty twins in the 2008 series (i.e. insulting each other, having arguments, and sometimes being the cause of an emergency, but it is made clear they still care for each other). Sarah's catchphrase from 2012 is "I have/What a totally brilliant idea!" while James' is "Here I go."
 Joe Sparkes is the village's mechanic and father of Hannah Sparkes.
 Lamikins is a lamb that is Woolly's child. Norman also tries to look after Lamikins.
 Lily Chen is the three-year-old daughter of Mrs Chen and youngest child on the show.
 Lizzie Sparkes is Joe's wife, Hannah's mum and the vet.
 Mandy Flood is a seven-year-old girl and daughter to Helen and Mike Flood. Her behaviour is that of a bridge between naughty Norman and well-behaved Sarah and James.
 Mike Flood is a handyman, husband of Helen, and father of Mandy Flood.
 Moose Roberts is a famous mountain climber who hails from Canada and works at the Mountain Activity Centre.
 Mrs Chen is the mother of Lily and the rather rude and bossy schoolteacher.
 Norman Price is a seven-year-old boy with a love of practical jokes and skateboarding. Unfortunately, Norman regularly fails to set appropriate limits on his own behaviour, and has been known to cause mischief and sometimes causes havoc at the fire station, and for many of Pontypandy residents. He has shown interest in becoming a firefighter himself one day.
 Tom Thomas is a helicopter pilot who hails from Australia. He helps with certain emergencies if the firefighters need his assistance.
 Trevor Evans is a West Indian former auxiliary fireman with the Pontypandy brigade. His job is as the village's bus driver. He is known for his fondness for cricket, his fear of heights, his awkward manner and general bad luck streak, but nonetheless exhibits a great devotion to the welfare of others (especially Dilys). In the 2005 and 2008 seasons, Trevor is no longer an auxiliary firefighter but is still the bus driver, and the spark between him and Dilys still holds strong.

Animals
 Rosa is Bella's pet cat that often goes missing.
 Dusty is a stray flea-ridden dog that soon becomes the fire station's mascot.
 Lion is Bronwyn's striped, ginger cat.
 Nipper is Gareth's brown dog.
 Norris is James and Sarah's guinea pig.
 Radar is a fire station Dalmatian dog.
 Woolly is a sheep that Norman tries to look after.

Others
 M.O.P. Jones is a robotic bin when to have Sam's plan he was to do to stop people to vehicles in the episode 'The Great Inventor'.
 WP was the call sign of fire control during the first four seasons of Fireman Sam. It is monitored by a woman whom has never been seen in the series and relays emergencies to the Pontypandy fire fighter whilst they are out on call.

Vehicles

Land

 Ambulance/Doctor's car is the only medical vehicle in Pontypandy. The ambulance is a small car and has only ever been driven by Nurse Flood. It bears a resemblance to a Smart car.
 Bessie is the old fire engine which runs on rails. It was used when Station Officer Steele was a young fireman. It is driven by Station Officer Steele, Fireman Sam and Firefighter Penny Morris.
 Bus is the only road vehicle which is public transport and is driven by Trevor Evans.
 Jupiter is a special aerial platform combined fire engine (originally a traditional fire engine). Fireman Sam and Elvis mainly drive it, and occasionally, the other firefighters will drive it too.
 Mercury is the third vehicle which is used for fire emergencies. It is a quad-bike mainly driven by Fireman Sam, however Steele and Elvis have since driven it.
 Mobile Command Unit was introduced in the feature-length special movie, Heroes of the Storm.
 Mountain Rescue 4x4 is a Jeep based at the mountain rescue centre. It is used in occasional mountain emergencies and is driven by Tom Thomas, Fireman Sam and Firefighter Penny Morris.
 Phoenix is the newest vehicle at the station, it is a multi-purpose 4x4 with an extending crane for animal rescue uses. It is mainly driven by Ellie or Penny.
 Pontypandy Flyer is a railway steam train driven and owned by Gareth Griffiths. It goes from Pontypandy Station to the mountain activity centre owned by Canadian hiker Moose Roberts.
 Van is a three-seated van driven and used for Mike Flood's job as a handyman.
 Venus is Pontypandy's second fire vehicle and is a rescue tender mainly driven by Firefighter Penny Morris and occasionally by Fireman Sam and the other firefighters.

Air

 Cloud Scraper is a hot air balloon created by Joe Sparkes, it appeared in the Series 9 episode "Up, Up and Away".
 Cloud Scraper 2 is a hot air balloon mentioned by Mandy Flood and Joe Sparkes.
 Saturn is the heat GPS tracker drone.
 Wallaby One is the rescue helicopter manned by Tom Thomas and occasionally Fireman Sam. It is stationed at the Mountain Rescue Centre where Tom Thomas works. It has a double harness which is used by Fireman Sam.

Water

 Fishing Boat is a boat owned by Charlie Jones who is a fisherman and it is used for his work.
 Hydrus, built and previously owned by Moose is the amphibious rescue vehicle that can be used on land and on water but not the sea, it is driven by Fireman Sam. It is the sixth fire vehicle in the show.
 Juno is a rescue jet ski driven by Fireman Sam.
 Neptune is the rescue boat driven by Firewoman Penny Morris and Fireman Sam and was the original boat in the series until series 9.
 Skiff is a rowing or sailing boat that makes appearances in Fireman Sam.
 Titan is the main fire boat manned by Ben Hooper, the lifeguard alongside Firefighter Penny Morris. It has two water cannons.

Locations

Within Pontypandy
 Café was the Italian café ran by Bella Lasagne. Bella's café was based on the real-life 'Bracchis' run by Welsh Italians. It is still seen in the CGI series but as a coffee shop.
 Coast Road is the main road that takes anyone from Pontypandy to neighbouring places Pontypandy Mountain and Newtown. The coast road was a common scene when travelling to emergencies in Series 5.
 Cut Price Supermarket is the village shop in Pontypandy and is run by Dilys Price. It sells almost everything and is has a 7-Eleven/gas store look. It has a second level which is like a house and Norman lives up on the second level. In Series 1–5 it was called N.W Price.
 Disused Coal Mineshaft is a disused mineshaft that was out of coal from.
 Disused Gold Mine is a disused mine at the end of the Pontypandy Mountain Railway there are many underground caves which are prone to flooding.
 Disused Quarry, appeared in Quarry Rescue.
 Field, Bella's Field (also known as the Potato Patch) appears in Barn Fire. Bella owns a field somewhere in the Pontypandy countryside, this is where she grows potates for her cafe presumably other vegetables are grown here too.
 Garage is Joe's Sparkes place of work in the town of Pontypandy. It was introduced in Season 9.
 House is Fireman Sam's house was loacted right beside the Fire Station till the new one was built and it had to be removed and the house where the Flood family lives at it is right outside of Pontypandy and the sheep field is near by.
 Mountain Activity Centre is owned and run by Moose Roberts. It is at the base of Pontypandy Mountain. The interior of the Centre was first seen in The Pontypandyness Monster and again in Heroes of the Storm.
 Mountain Rescue Centre is owned by Tom Thomas. The Centre is in the valley near the Pontypandy mountain range. It is a small, log building surrounded by railings. It has a balcony with a wind sock and helipad for Wallaby 1, the Mountain Rescue helicopter. It has a satellite dish on the roof and a small tree out the back. This is the place of work for Tom Thomas and also the place he lives.
 Pontypandy is the Welsh village where the television series is set. Newtown is the neighbouring town.
 Pontypandy Fire Station is the fire station which has been rebuilt twice. Originally, it had 1 vehicle bay for Jupiter, and Venus parked outside. For the 2005 series, there was still only 1 vehicle bay, but had been revamped so Venus had a room at the back of the station. In the CGI series, there were two stations overall, one from 2008–14 and one from Heroes of the Storm onwards. In the third station, there were two vehicle bays (one for Jupiter and one for Venus). Finally, in the last station, there are 4 vehicle bays (one for Jupiter, one for Venus, one for Phoenix and a large one for Mercury and Hydrus). in the original series the fire station consisted of; Jupiter's garage, kitchen and Steele's office, for the 2005 series, same setup but with a gym, for the 2008 series the station was completely revamped, making the entire bottom floor with Steele's office and the garage and upstairs the kitchen. The station now has a sitting room, briefing room, control room, kitchen and dining room and there are two poles.
 Pontypandy Island is a small isle a fair bit off from the mainland.
 Pontypandy Mountain is the highest point in Pontypandy. It first appeared in the Series 5 episode Danger Falling Sheep. At the base of the mountain is the Mountain Activity Centre.
 Pontypandy Park is a park introduced in Season 1.
 Pontypandy Picnic Area is near Pontypandy Mountain in the countryside between Newtown and Pontypandy.
 Pontypandy Ruins are on a cliff along the Pontypandy coast.
 Pontypandy Train Line is a train line that runs up to Pontypadny Mountain where the Mountain Activity Center is and the Old Mines where Penny took the kids in Heroes of the Storm.
 Pontypandy Veterinary Clinic was introduced in the Series 10 episode, Runaway Horse. It is run by Lizzie Sparkes.
 Wholefish Café is a café that is run by Charlie and Bronwyn Jones. It appears in the CGI series.

Outside of Pontypandy
 Newtown is a neighbouring town to Pontypandy.
 Ocean Rescue Centre is a boathouse at the quay where Neptune the lifeboat is parked. In the 2014 Series it is upgraded and Juno and Titan are added.

Notes

References

British children's television series
1987 television series debuts
English-language television programs
British animated television series
CBeebies

Fireman Sam


Aleksandr Mikhailovich Samokutyaev (; born 13 March 1970 in Penza, Russian SFSR, USSR) is a Russian politician and former cosmonaut. Samokutyaev served as a Flight Engineer for the International Space Station (ISS) long duration Expedition 27/28 missions. He also  served as the Soyuz TMA-21 commander. He most recently served on the Soyuz TMA-14M Expedition 41/42 crew aboard the ISS. He was hired as a cosmonaut in the summer of 2003.

Since 2020, he has represented the Lermontovsky constituency in the State Duma.

Education
In 1987–1988 Aleksandr studied at Penza Polytechnical Institute. Then he went to Chernigov and graduated from Chernigov Higher Military Pilot School after Lenin's Komsomol (HMPS) in 1992. Samokutyayev graduated from the Gagarin Air Force Academy as a pilot-engineer in 2000.

Experience
Samokutyayev has flown as pilot, senior pilot and deputy commander of air squadron, logging 680 hours of flight time and performed 250 parachute jumps. He is a qualified diver.

Upon graduation from the Gagarin Air Force Academy since 2000 he served at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center as the planning division head.

Cosmonaut career
On 29 May 2003 he was enlisted in the cosmonaut detachment to pass a course of general space training. prior to the enlistment, on 20 January 2003 he successfully received a positive medical confirmation by the Chief Medical Board. Samokutyayev qualified as a test-cosmonaut on 5 July 2005.

In July 2008 Samokutyayev was assigned to the backup crew for Expedition 25 to the ISS. Since then he joined the ISS advanced training as a backup commander and, from 2009, as a flight engineer. During the launch of Soyuz TMA-18 on 2 April 2010 he served as a backup commander of the Soyuz spacecraft.

Expedition 27/28

In October 2008 Samokutyayev was assigned to the prime crew of the 27th long duration expedition to the space station. On 7 October 2009 his assignment was confirmed by NASA press release No. 09-233.

Samokutyayev flew into space for the first time as a Flight Engineer for the ISS long duration Expedition 27/28 missions. The Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft carrying Samokutyayev, cosmonaut Andrei Borisenko and NASA astronaut Ron Garan launched on schedule from the Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start launch pad, at 23:18:20 UTC on 4 April 2011. Samokutyayev served as Commander of Soyuz TMA-21. The launch of Soyuz TMA-21 was devoted to the 50th anniversary of the first space mission by Yuri Gagarin. Samokutyayev carried a small stuffed dog given to him by his daughter. Hanging in front of the crew, live NASA TV launch footage showed that the dog begun to float as the spacecraft soared skywards, an indication of the weightlessness of space.

After two days of solo flight, the Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) on 6 April at 23:09 UTC.

Samokutyayev concluded his 164-day stay aboard the Space Station, when his spaceship, Soyuz TMA-21 undocked from the Russian segment's Poisk module at 00:38 UTC on 16 September. On the same day, the Soyuz TMA-21 capsule carrying Samokutyayev, Borisenko and Ron Garan touched down (3:59:39 UTC) at 93 miles southeast of the city of Zhezkazgan in Kazakhstan.

Expedition 41/42
Samokutyayev returned to space aboard Soyuz TMA-14M, as part of the Expedition 41/42 long-duration International Space Station crew. The mission launched on 25 September 2014 and docked with the ISS just under six hours after lift-off on 26 September. He remained aboard the ISS until March 2015, when Soyuz TMA-14M returned to Earth as scheduled.

Spacewalks

Russian EVA #28
On 3 August 2011 Samokutyayev participated in his first spacewalk. He and cosmonaut Sergey Volkov worked for six hours and 23 minutes performing a variety of tasks for both science and maintenance outside the Russian segment of the ISS. Outside the Zvezda Service Module, Samokutyayev and Volkov installed laser communications equipment. They also, photographed an antenna with signs of degraded performance. After ground controllers took time to work on an antenna problem, the two cosmonauts also deployed a small satellite named Radioskaf-V which was originally planned for deployment at the beginning of the spacewalk. The satellite contained an amateur radio transmitter and a student experiment. The primary task of the spacewalk the relocation of the Strela 1 boom from the Pirs module to the Poisk module, had to be called off due to time constraints. The cosmonauts removed an antenna that helped guide the Poisk  module to a docking in November 2009 and was returned to the ISS at the end of the spacewalk. They also successfully installed the materials science experiment – BIORISK on a handrail outside the Pirs module. BIORISK experiment studies the effect of microbes on spacecraft structures and whether solar activity affects microbial growth. Finally, Samokutyayev and Volkov took more photographs holding photos of the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, spacecraft designer Sergei Korolyov and Soviet astronautic theory pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky with Earth in the background before entering the Pirs module, closing the hatch and completing the Russian EVA #28.

Russian EVA #40
Samokutyaev and cosmonaut Maksim Surayev performed a spacewalk outside the space station on 22 October 2014. Although planned as a six-hour spacewalk, the cosmonauts were able to complete all the scheduled tasks in 3 hours and 38 minutes. During the extravehicular activity, Samokutyaev and Surayev dismantled the RK 21-8 Radiometria science payload and the 2ASF1-1 and 2ASF1-2 KURS antennas from the Poisk module. The RK-21-8 science payload was installed aboard the Space Station during the Russian EVA-28 in early 2011 and consisted of an antenna system with calibrator, a Microwave Radiometer receiver system and a Command-Information Unit. It was used for a series of seismic forecast and earthquake studies. The RK-21-8 payload was jettisoned by Surayev 33 minutes into the EVA on a safe departure trajectory from the Space Station. Samokutyaev jettisoned the antennas – the first being jettisoned at 15:43 UTC followed five minutes later by the second antenna. Samokutyaev and Surayev also released a protective cover from the EXPOSE-R payload developed by the European Space Agency to conduct astrobiology studies by exposing samples and experiments to the space environment. When the cosmonauts finished operations at the Poisk module, they photographed the surface of the orbital station for specialists to assess its condition later. Russian EVA-40 was the 184th spacewalk in support of the Space Station assembly.

In April 2017 Roscosmos decided to release Alexander Samokutyaev from his post on medical indicators.

Personal
Samokutyayev is married to Oksana Nikolaevna Samokutyaeva. They have one daughter named Anastasiya Alexandrovna Samokutyaeva.

Sanctions
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.

Awards
Samokutyayev has received various Russian Armed Force medals.

References

External links

Spacefacts biography of Aleksandr Samokutyayev
on Astronaut.ru

1970 births
Living people
Russian cosmonauts
People from Penza
Crew members of the International Space Station
Heroes of the Russian Federation
Spacewalkers
Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions
Seventh convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Eighth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
United Russia politicians

Aleksandr Samokutyaev


PTV Global is a Pakistani basic cable and satellite television channel by Pakistan Television Corporation that is aired nationwide as well as in Europe and United States. Its broadcasts selected programming from PTV Home, PTV National, PTV News and other PTV-run networks. On air since April 2006, PTV Global is available via Dish Network in the US. Part of the Pakistan Television Corporation brand name, it is under control of the Government of Pakistan. In the United Kingdom PTV Global is free-to-air on Sky Channel 735 and also in Mainland Europe on Astra 2G.

Programmes
 Ghar Damad
 Rising Pakistan
 Bewaja
 Tootay Pattay
 Morning at Home
 Signature Tune
 Satrangia
 Al-Quran Ul Hakeem
 Al-Quran Sabaq
 Khabarnama
 Sufi Rang
 Rent a Bhoot
 Sunehray Geet
 Tele Film
 Young Tarang

PTV in the UK
PTV Global was launched on Sky Channel 810 in 2007. It commenced its transmissions on 2 April 2007. It was later removed from Sky on 17 July 2023.

PTV in USA
PTV Global was launched in 2006. It is one of the nine channels of the PTV Network. It commenced its transmission for the United States on 22 April 2006 and for the United Kingdom on 2 April 2007.

PTV Global beams its transmission from Islamabad, Pakistan on AsiaSat-35, and is viewed in over 50 countries worldwide, covering the continents of Asia, Africa, Europe, America and Australia. PTV Global is available exclusively in the US on the Dish Network.
PTV is the most watched television network in Pakistan.

PTV-Global covers news and current affairs programming, including all facets of national politics, economy, current affairs, regional and international news, with a focus on the culture, art and music of Pakistan.

See also
PTV
Government of Pakistan
List of Pakistani television stations

References

External links
 Official site

International broadcasters
State media
Pakistan Television Corporation
Television stations in Islamabad
Urdu-language television stations in the United States
Urdu-language television channels in the United Kingdom

PTV Global


The 1975 BRDC International Trophy, formally known as the 27th Daily Express International Trophy, was a non-championship Formula One race held at Silverstone Circuit on 13 April 1975. It was organised by the circuit owners, the British Racing Drivers' Club, as a "curtain raiser" for the European portion of the 1975 Formula One season. James Hunt, driving for the small Hesketh Racing team, set the fastest lap time in practice and took pole position for the start. In the race he continued to run at the front, heading the leading pack for many laps and setting fastest lap of the race on lap 14. Third-place runner, McLaren driver Emerson Fittipaldi, equalled his time on lap 23. However, Hunt's engine failed at the start of lap 26 and the lead was inherited by second-place runner Niki Lauda in his Ferrari. Lauda held the lead for the remainder of the race, despite Fittipaldi "pull[ing] out the stops" to try and pass him. At the finishing flag, Fittipaldi was only one-tenth of a second behind Lauda, with Mario Andretti in a Parnelli taking the last podium position in third.

Classification

References
Citations

Other sources
Race results at ChicaneF1.com

BRDC International Trophy
BRDC International Trophy
BRDC

1975 BRDC International Trophy


Moritomo Gakuen (学校法人森友学園, Gakkō hōjin Moritomo Gakuen) is a Japanese private school operator, most known for its involvement in a 2017 political scandal implicating former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and his wife, Akie Abe.

Moritomo Gakuen began as a kindergarten (preschool) operated by . Kagoike implemented a nationalist curriculum at the school which included daily recitations of the Imperial Rescript on Education, a practice employed at schools in the Empire of Japan from 1890 to 1945. Moritomo Gakuen is controversial about teaching anti-Korean education.

Elementary school scandal
Kagoike sought to expand the kindergarten into a full-fledged Japanese elementary school and applied to buy a parcel of government-owned real estate in 2013, but was turned down as he could not pay a satisfactory price to the government.

In May 2015, he was able to negotiate a 10-year lease for the property provided that the school purchase the property in ten years.  The school named Akie Abe as honorary principal of the elementary school, Mizuho no Kuni.

On February 9, 2017, the scandal began when Asahi Shimbun reported that the central government of Japan had sold the  property in Toyonaka, Osaka Prefecture, to Moritomo Gakuen for around ¥134 million, about 14% of the land's estimated value.  The Ministry of Finance explained that industrial waste (including concrete, wood and plastic) was found on the site and the reduction in the price of the land was to compensate for the estimated cost of cleaning up the waste, approximately ¥819 million, that the school was to bear. The amount of the discount is the major issue in the scandal. How the ministry calculated the cost is not clear. Separately the government paid the school ¥131.76 million to help decontaminate the land, reducing what the government earned to only about ¥2 million.  In Diet hearings later that month, the Ministry of Finance explained that all records of the transaction had been destroyed, other than the contract itself, in compliance with government document retention laws which allowed the documents to be designated for retention for less than one year.

As the scandal unfolded, Abe resigned from her position as honorary principal in late February. Prior to her resignation, Moritomo Gakuen removed a message from Akie endorsing the school, praising its nationalistic moral education program.

Osaka prosecutors eventually suspected that Kagoike and his wife had falsified the numbers of teachers and students at the school, and the expected construction costs, when applying for state subsidies. Kagoike and his wife were arrested in July on charges of fraud.

Former Meiji University law professor  argued that the scandal was a factor in the timing of the 2017 general election called by Abe.

Day care center scandal
Osaka City filed suit against Moritomo Gakuen in 2017, demanding the return of over ¥61 million of subsidies improperly received in connection with the Koto Moritomo Gakuen day care center in Yodogawa Ward.

Bankruptcy
Moritomo Gakuen filed for civil rehabilitation (bankruptcy restructuring) proceedings in October 2017, seeking to write off around 97% of its approximately ¥3 billion debt burden.

References

School Corporations in Japan
Political scandals in Japan
Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
Conservatism in Japan
Educational institutions established in 1952
Japanese nationalism
1952 establishments in Japan
Shinzo Abe

Moritomo Gakuen


Airchaeologie (frae the Greek wirds αρχαίος = auncient an λόγος = wird/speak/discoorse) is the study o human culturs throu the findin, documention an analysis o maiteral, the orts o human dealins an environmental data, includin architectur, airtefacts, biofacts, human wate, an laundscapes. Airchaeologists studies airtefacts, that's onything shawin signs o human uiss or modifeecation. The ettle o airchaeologie is tae document an expoond the springheid an oncome o human cultur, unnerstaund cultur historie, chronicle cultural evolution, an study human laits an ecologie. It is the ae discipline that possesses the gate an theory for the collectin an interpretation o information aboot pre-written human history, an coud mak a creetical contreebution tae wir unnerstaundin o documentit societies an aw.

References

Anthropology
Auxiliary sciences o history

Airchaeology


Carlos Patiño (Cuenca 1600Madrid 5 September 1675) was a Spanish Baroque composer.

Patiño was a choirboy at Seville Cathedral where he studied with Alonso Lobo. He married in 1622 but his wife's death in 1625 led to his entry into the priesthood. In March 1628 he became maestro de capilla of the Real Monasterio de la Encarnación, Madrid, where he succeeded Gabriel Díaz Bessón (1590–1638). On 1 January 1634 Patiño succeeded Mateo Romero as maestro de capilla in the royal chapel. He was the first maestro of the capilla real, formerly the Flemish chapel, to be born in Spain. In 1660 his request for retirement was denied, but he was provided with two assistants.

Most of his sacred works are polychoral. Several of his secular works were composed for court occasions. Many sacred works were lost in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, but others survived in the New World. His theatre work included the music to El Nuevo Olimpo of 1648, but this too is lost.

Works
 13 masses
 49 motets
 21 psalms
 6 litanies
 11 cantos evangelicos
 2 eucharist hymns
 32 villancicos
 14 tonos humanos
 Theatre music

References

External links

Spanish Baroque composers
1600 births
1675 deaths
Spanish male classical composers
17th-century classical composers
17th-century male musicians

Carlos Patiño


Emre Gönensay (born 1937) is a Turkish politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey in 1996 and is a member of the True Path Party.

Biography
He was born in 1937. He finished his high school education at Robert College in Istanbul. He left for the United States and earned a master's degree from Columbia University. Then he acquired a doctorate degree from the London School of Economics. After a while he returned to Turkey and continued his career as a professor of economics at Boğaziçi University.

References
 Biyografi.net - Biography of Emre Gönensay

1937 births
Living people
Columbia University alumni
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey
Democrat Party (Turkey, current) politicians
Members of the 20th Parliament of Turkey

Emre Gönensay


Andrew Thomas Irvine (born April 9, 1969) is an American bassist who has toured with and performed alongside internationally recognized artists and has been featured in Bass Player magazine. Andy has toured with over 25 artists nationally and has delivered solid bass work contributions to over 50 successful albums, covering a wide range of styles.

He was raised in Webster, New York, and was active in the Rochester, New York, scene in his early days.

Irvine has performed in a number of bands, including the Tampa, Florida, outfits Beanstalk and Clang, the California group On the One, the Colorado ensembles the Jelly Roll Bakers and Huge in Germany, the band Giant People, and his own outfit the Andrew Irvine Group. He has played alongside GG Allin, Eden Brent, Pee Wee Ellis, Eddie Turner, John Wesley and Lucky Peterson. While with Clang, he recorded an album with Tiny Tim titled Prisoner of Love.

A Warwick artist, Irvine was featured in a March 2009 Bass Player article on soloing, in which the article called him a "soloing sensation." He was featured again in the magazine in August 2010 and twice in 2013 in Bass Guitar Magazine (UK).

Andy founded the Warwick "The Sound of Bass World Clinic Tour" visiting 20 countries around the world.

In 2009, he released a solo album titled Soul Clap and in 2011 another album titled "diggin' that funky blues."

In 2012 Andy was asked personally by FUNK icon Bootsy Collins to become a "professor" at his Funk University. Several of Andy's lessons and lectures are now part the Funk-U program, more educational segments are regularly being filmed in LA for ongoing use at Funk U.

In July 2013 Andy Irvine released his 3rd solo album "The Way I Like It" A complete departure from his previously released albums, it is a truly solo bass guitar feature album with a sparse and ambient production. The relaxed and easy going world music rhythms, and melodies take the listener to far away lands. His deep love of American blues and soul music are also evident and displayed throughout with warm soulful execution. All of the bass tracks were recorded completely live with no over dubs or layering. The 11 song collection of original compositions features the sounds of his custom Warwick 12 string bass guitar on 5 songs. This unique instrument has an angelic rich tone. The other 6 songs feature Irvine's flowing melodic style on the 4 string bass guitar. Also featured is accompaniment from world-renowned percussionist Gumbi Ortiz, known for his work as percussionist with Al Di Meola for well over 25 years.

"I set out to record and release a bass guitar feature album with a certain and strict criteria in mind, it had to sound like music and be a relaxed enjoyable listen from the beginning of the album to the end. I composed all the music to be melody and rhythm oriented, and to be "listenable" I did not want to create an album which displays tricky and impressive techniques, more so to provide a soulful collection of songs that might transport the listener to a pleasant place of relaxation. I'm proud of the finished work, and in ways it is my best to date" -Andy Irvine

References

Living people
Musicians from Rochester, New York
1969 births
People from Webster, New York
Guitarists from New York (state)
American male bass guitarists
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians

Andrew Irvine (bassist)


Ivesia paniculata is a species of flowering plant in the rose family known by the common name Ash Creek mousetail, or Ash Creek ivesia. It is endemic to the Modoc Plateau of Lassen and Modoc Counties in the northeastern corner of California, where it is known only from the vicinity of Ash Valley. It was first described in 1981. This is a small perennial herb of sage scrub on volcanic soils and rocky slopes. It forms a matted clump from a woody caudex and produces leaves and stems which lie on the ground or are somewhat erect. Each leaf is about 2 to 5 centimeters long and is made up of rows of many tiny, lobed, pink-edged green leaflets, densely coated in short white hairs. The leaflets overlap such that each leaf is cylindrical. The mostly naked pinkish stems bear inflorescences of hairy clusters of flowers. Each flower is about half a centimeter wide and has hairy pink-edged greenish sepals and tiny pale yellow petals. There are five stamens and a few pistils.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

paniculata
Plants described in 1981
Flora of California

Ivesia paniculata


The arlabecca () was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry. First mentioned in an ensenhamen by Peire Lunel, the genre was supposed by François Raynouard to be a lament or dirge, and Emil Levy thought it a "kind of poetry". It may derive from the Galician-Portuguese term for a rebec, arrabecca. The term rebec (plural rebecz) can be found in Old Occitan references to both an instrument and a genre (as in the Leys d'amors, where it is undefined). Possibly the rebec is the same genre as the arlabecca. Lunel defined his arlabecca by its metre, and thus his ensenhamen was an arlabecca as well.

Sources
Frank M. Chambers. An Introduction to Old Provençal Versification. DIANE Publishing, 1985. See pp. 256–7.

Western medieval lyric forms
Poetic forms
Occitan literary genres
Medieval poetry

Arlabecca


Isabel Paterson (January 22, 1886 – January 10, 1961) was a Canadian-American libertarian writer and literary critic. Historian Jim Powell has called Paterson one of the three founding mothers of American libertarianism, along with Rose Wilder Lane and Ayn Rand, who both acknowledged an intellectual debt to Paterson. Paterson's best-known work, The God of the Machine (1943), a treatise on political philosophy, economics, and history, reached conclusions and espoused beliefs that many libertarians credit as a foundation of their philosophy. Her biographer Stephen D. Cox (2004) believes Paterson was the "earliest progenitor of libertarianism as we know it today." In a letter of 1943, Rand wrote that "The God of the Machine is a document that could literally save the world ... The God of the Machine does for capitalism what Das Kapital does for the Reds and what the Bible did for Christianity."

Life
Born Isabel Mary Bowler in rural Manitoulin Island, Ontario, she moved with her family to the west when she was very young.  She grew up on a cattle ranch in Alberta. Paterson's family was quite poor and she had eight siblings. A voracious reader who was largely self-educated, she had brief and informal public schooling during these years:  about three years in a country school, from the ages of 11 to 14.  In her late teen years, Bowler left the ranch for the city of Calgary, where she took a clerical job with the Canadian Pacific Railway. As a teenager, she worked as a waitress, stenographer, and bookkeeper, working at one point as an assistant to future Canadian Prime Minister R. B. Bennett.

This hardscrabble youth probably led Paterson to attach great importance to productive "self-starters". Although she was articulate, well-read, and erudite, Paterson had extremely limited formal education, an experience she shared with Rose Wilder Lane, who was also Paterson's friend and correspondent for many years.

In 1910, at the age of 24, Bowler entered into a short-lived marriage with Canadian Kenneth B. Paterson. The marriage was not happy, and they parted in 1918.  It was during these years, in a foray south of the border, that Paterson landed a job with a newspaper, the Inland Herald in Spokane, Washington.  Initially she worked in the business department of the paper, but later transferred to the editorial department.  There her journalistic career began.  Her next position was with a newspaper in Vancouver, British Columbia, where for two years she wrote drama reviews.

Writer and critic
In 1914, Paterson started submitting her first two novels, The Magpie's Nest and The Shadow Riders, to publishers, without much success. It was not until 1916 that her second novel The Shadow Riders was accepted and published by John Lane Company, which also published The Magpie's Nest the following year in 1917.

After World War I, she moved to New York City, where she worked for the sculptor Gutzon Borglum. He was creating statues for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine and would later carve the memorial at Mount Rushmore. Paterson also wrote for the World and the American in New York.

In 1921, Paterson became an assistant to Burton Rascoe, the new literary editor of the New York Tribune, later the New York Herald Tribune. For 25 years, from 1924 to 1949, she wrote a column (signed "I.M.P.") for the Herald Tribune's "Books" section. Paterson became one of the most influential literary critics of her time. She covered a time of great expansion in the United States literary world, with new work by the rising generation of Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and many others, African Americans of the Harlem Renaissance, as well as the first American generation of the great waves of European immigrants. Her friends during this period included the famous humorist Will Cuppy. In 1928 she became an American citizen, at the age of 42.

She was notorious for demonstrating her sharp wit and goring of sacred cows in her column, where she also first articulated many of the political ideas that reached their final form in The God of the Machine.  Her thinking, especially on free trade, was also foreshadowed in her historical novels of the 1920s and 1930s. Paterson opposed most of the economic program known as the New Deal, which American president Franklin D. Roosevelt put into effect during the Great Depression. She advocated less government involvement in both social and fiscal issues.

Along with Rose Wilder Lane and Zora Neale Hurston, Paterson was critical of Roosevelt's foreign policy and wrote columns throughout the 1930s supporting liberty and avoiding foreign entanglements.

Paterson and Ayn Rand
By the late 1930s, Paterson led a group of younger writers, many of them other Herald Tribune employees, who shared her views. One was future Time magazine correspondent and editor Sam Welles (Samuel Gardner Welles).

Another was the young Ayn Rand. From their many discussions, Paterson is credited with adding to Rand's knowledge of American history and government, and Rand with contributing ideas to The God of the Machine. Paterson believed Rand's ethics to be a unique contribution, writing to Rand in the 1940s, "You still don't seem to know yourself that your idea is new.  It is not Nietzsche or Max Stirner... Their supposed Ego was composed of whirling words – your concept of the Ego is an entity, a person, a living creature functioning in concrete reality."

Paterson and Rand promoted each other's books and conducted an extensive correspondence over the years, in which they often touched on religion and philosophy. An atheist, Rand was critical of the deist Paterson's attempts to link capitalism with religion.  Rand believed the two to be incompatible, and the two argued at length. Their correspondence ended after they quarreled in 1948. During a visit to Rand at her home in California, Paterson's remarks about writer Morrie Ryskind and abrasive behavior toward businessman William C. Mullendore, other guests of Rand, resulted in Rand's disillusionment with "Pat."

Similarly, Paterson had broken with another friend and political ally, Rose Wilder Lane, in 1946.

As a sign of the political tenor of the times, The God of the Machine was published in the same year as Rand's novel The Fountainhead and Rose Wilder Lane's The Discovery of Freedom. Writer Albert Jay Nock wrote that Lane's and Paterson's nonfiction books were "the only intelligible books on the philosophy of individualism that have been written in America this century."  The two women had "shown the male world of this period how to think fundamentally... They don't fumble and fiddle around – every shot goes straight to the centre." Journalist John Chamberlain credits Paterson, Lane and Rand with his final "conversion" from socialism to what he called "an older American philosophy" of libertarian and conservative ideas.

Later years
Paterson further influenced the post-WWII rise of lettered American conservatism through her correspondence with the young Russell Kirk in the 1940s, and with the young William F. Buckley in the 1950s. Buckley and Kirk went on to found the National Review, to which Paterson contributed for a brief time.  However, she sometimes sharply differed from Buckley, for example by disagreeing with the magazine's review of Rand's novel, Atlas Shrugged.

In her retirement, Paterson declined to enroll in Social Security and kept her Social Security card in an envelope with words "'Social Security' Swindle" written on it.

Paterson died on January 10, 1961, and was interred in the Welles family plot at Saint Mary's Episcopal Churchyard in Burlington, New Jersey.

Quotations
 "Most of the harm in the world is done by good people, and not by accident, lapse, or omission. It is the result of their deliberate actions, long persevered in, which they hold to be motivated by high ideals toward virtuous ends... when millions are slaughtered, when torture is practiced, starvation enforced, oppression made a policy, as at present over a large part of the world, and as it has often been in the past, it must be at the behest of very many good people, and even by their direct action, for what they consider a worthy object." (The God of the Machine)

Bibliography
 1916. The Shadow Riders (online  e-book).
 1917. The Magpie's Nest (online e-book).
 1924. The Singing Season
 1926. The Fourth Queen
 1930. The Road of the Gods
 1933. Never Ask the End (online e-book).
 1934. The Golden Vanity
 1940. If It Prove Fair Weather
 1943. The God of the Machine (online e-book).
 Unpublished. Joyous Gard (Completed 1958.)

References

Further reading
 Beito, David T. and Beito, Linda Royster, "Isabel Paterson, Rose Wilder Lane, and Zora Neale Hurston on War, Race, the State, and Liberty", Independent Review 12 (Spring 2008).
 Burns, Jennifer. Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009.
 Chamberlain, John.  A Life with the Printed Word.  Chicago: Regnery, 1982.
 Cox, Stephen, ed. (2015).  Culture and Liberty: Writings of Isabel Paterson.  New Brunswick NJ, USA: Transaction Publishers, 2015.

 Cox, Stephen.  "Representing Isabel Paterson," American Literary History, 17 (Summer, 2005), 244–58.
 Cox, Stephen.  The Woman and the Dynamo: Isabel Paterson and the Idea of America.  New Brunswick NJ, USA: Transaction Publishers, 2004.
 Doherty, Brian, Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement.  New York: Public Affairs, 2007.
 Heller, Anne C. (2010).  Ayn Rand and the World She Made.  New York: Nan A. Talese-Doubleday.

External links

 Cato Institute: Isabel Paterson 1886–1961.

1886 births
1961 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American philosophers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century Canadian non-fiction writers
20th-century Canadian philosophers
20th-century Canadian women writers
American deists
American libertarians
American literary critics
American women literary critics
American political philosophers
American political writers
American women non-fiction writers
American women philosophers
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian libertarians
Canadian literary critics
Canadian women literary critics
Canadian philosophers
Canadian political philosophers
Canadian political writers
Canadian women non-fiction writers
Canadian women philosophers
Christian libertarians
Christian philosophers
Deist philosophers
Libertarian theorists
New York Herald Tribune people
Non-interventionism
Old Right (United States)
People from Manitoulin Island
Writers from Michigan
Canadian deists

Isabel Paterson


James Mott (January 18, 1739 – October 18, 1823) was a United States representative from New Jersey. Born near Middletown, Monmouth County, he was privately taught and became engaged in agricultural pursuits. He attained the rank of captain in the Second Regiment of Monmouth County Militia in 1775. Mott was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1776 to 1779, and State Treasurer from 1783 to 1799. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1805. He died on his farm near Middletown in 1823, and was interred in Middletown Baptist Churchyard.

References

1739 births
1823 deaths
People from Middletown Township, New Jersey
Members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Politicians from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey

James Mott (New Jersey politician)


The Human Connectome Project is a US-led effort to map the human brain. The HCP is a five-year project funded by the National Institutes of Health.On September 15, 2010, the NIH announced that it would award two grants: $30 million over five years to a consortium led by Washington University in Saint Louis and the University of Minnesota, and $8.5 million over three years to a consortium led by Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of California Los Angeles. The aim of the $40m programme is to map the entire human neural wiring system by scanning the brains of 1,200 Americans. The project uses magnetic resonance imaging.

Like the Human Genome Project, the data will be publicly released to scientists as the scans are processed. The first data from 80 to100 people will be released in a few weeks' time.

Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital are pushing the technique to its limits with a purpose-built scanner. It is one of the most powerful scanners in the world. The scanner's magnets need 22MW (megawatts) of electricity  enough to power a nuclear submarine. It was specially built for this project "4 to 8 times as powerful as conventional systems, enabling imaging of human neuroanatomy with much greater sensitivity than is currently possible".

What the scans show is the way various brain centres are connected to each other.

References

Brain
Technology

Human Connectome Project


Health care in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan is administered by both private and public health care providers. Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Health care is delivered by practitioners in  allied health, dentistry, midwifery (obstetrics), medicine, nursing, optometry, pharmacy, psychology and other health professions. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.

Under the Constitution, every province is charged with managing public health.  The Sindh Ministry of Health is responsible for public health in the province. All the medical colleges in the province are also under the jurisdiction of the Sindh Ministry of Health. The private sector accounts for about 80% of all outpatient visits in Pakistan.

Public health care
Health care in Pakistan is mostly private where the government provides a small amount of the total health expenditures, with the remainder being entirely private, out-of-pocket expenses. Health care delivery in Pakistan on the other hand, is the worst of both worlds; not only the health care delivery is predominantly private there are no watchdog bodies, agencies or audit commissions to monitor quality. The result is a thriving private practice; which is unregulated and unmonitored. The majority of clinicians in the city of Karachi are practising without any accountability and are not answerable to any higher authority. More than often complex procedures are undertaken in clinics and smaller hospitals, which are unequipped to deal with complications. Health and safety regulations simply do not exist.

Hospitals

Medical Education

Medical tourism

See also
 Health care in Pakistan
 Ministry of Public Health
 List of hospitals in Karachi

References

External links
 Government of Sindh
 Sindh Health Department Portal

Karachi

Health care in Karachi


Armenian Weekly (originally Hairenik Weekly) is an English Armenian publication published by Hairenik Association, Inc. in Watertown, Massachusetts in the United States. It is the sister publication to the Armenian language weekly Hairenik.
It was started as Hairenik Weekly in 1934 and its name was changed to Armenian Weekly, the name under which it is still published, in 1969. Armenian Weekly also runs an online publication.

Hairenik Weekly (19341969)
In June 1932, the Armenian-language Hairenik had started a column in English to address the needs of English-speaking Armenians. The response was so positive that by March 1934 the Hairenik Weekly was established entirely in English and began publication, mostly through the efforts of young volunteer contributors. In June 1934 Hairenik Weekly acquired a full-time editor, James Mandalian, and an assistant editor, Queenie Pambookjian. Notably, there were translations of short stories by such prominent Armenian writers as Avetis Aharonian and Hamasdegh and the poems of Gostan Zarian. Moreover, the very stories that initially brought William Saroyan national recognition by the American public were first published in the Hairenik Weekly (under the pseudonym "Sirak Goryan").

Armenian Weekly (1969Present)
Today, along with news of general interest to the Armenian-American community, the Armenian Weekly publishes editorials, political analyses, regular columns, short stories, and poems. The newspaper, while reflecting the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), is also open to a wide variety of views and opinions in which the pros and cons of issues can be discussed openly and honestly. Youth activities are still reported in each issue, upcoming events are announced in the calendar and cultural activities are reported through music, dance and movie reviews.

Although the Armenian Weekly's headquarters are located in Watertown, Massachusetts, subscribers hail from as near as Boston and as far as Buenos Aires and beyond.

Editors
The following is a list of former editors of the Hairenik Weekly/the Armenian Weekly:

Armen Bardizian (March 1934-June 1934)
James G. Mandalian (1934-1969)
James H. Tashjian (1945-1981)
Laura Tosoonian (1977-1978)
Ohan S. Balian (1979-1982)
Tom Vartabedian (1982-1983)
Georgi-Ann (Bargamian) Oshagan (1982-1984)
Muriel (Mimi) Parseghian (1984-1989)
Antranig Kasbarian (1987-1992)
Vahe Habeshian (1990-1996)
Viken Aprahamian (1996-1997)
Peter Nersesian (1998-1999)
Arto Payaslian (1999-2000)
Jason Sohigian (1999-2004)
Sossi Esajanian (acting editor 2004-2005)>
Jenny Kiljian (2005-2007)
Khatchig Mouradian (2007-2014)
Nanore Barsoumian (2014-2016)
Rupen Janbazian (2016-2018)
Karine Vann (2018-2019)
Pauline Getzoyan (November 2019 - current)

Columnists
The following is a list of all known columnists of the Armenian Weekly:
 Kegham Balian
 Stepan Piligian
 Harut Sassounian
 Melody Seraydarian
 Yeghia Tashjian
 C.K. Garabed
 Garen Yegparian

See also
 Media in Armenia

External links

References

Mass media in Armenia
Newspapers published in Massachusetts
Armenian-American culture in Massachusetts
Watertown, Massachusetts

Armenian Weekly


Natalie Louise Maines (born October 14, 1974) is an American singer. She is the lead vocalist for the country band The Chicks.

In 1995, after leaving Berklee College of Music, Maines was recruited by the Dixie Chicks to replace their lead singer, Laura Lynch. With Maines as lead vocalist, the band earned 10 Country Music Association Awards and 13 Grammy Awards for their work between 1998 and 2007.

In 2006, with Maines still acting as lead singer, the (Dixie) Chicks released Taking the Long Way. The album subsequently won five Grammy Awards (including Album of the Year). After dropping the "Dixie", the Chicks new album Gaslighter was released on July 17, 2020. As a solo artist, Maines the album, Mother, on May 7, 2013.

Early life
Maines was born in Lubbock, Texas, to country musician and producer Lloyd Maines and Tina May Maines. She attended Nat Williams Elementary School in Lubbock, where her second grade teacher recalls being told by Maines during a math lesson, "Teacher, I don't need to learn this stuff—I'm gonna be a star." Maines was a cheerleader while attending O. L. Slaton Junior High School,  and graduated in 1992 from Lubbock High School where she had participated in the school choir. Maines has described growing up in conservative Texas, saying "I always rebelled against that. My parents sent me and my sister to public minority schools so I always felt like a hippie and a rebel. ... As a teenager I always loved not thinking in the way I knew the majority of people thought. I always stood up for minorities. ... I've always stood up for homosexuals. I just always had these really strong convictions about doing so."

Following the completion of high school, Maines attended several colleges. She spent two semesters pursuing an undeclared major at West Texas A&M where her studies focused heavily on radio, then a year and a half at South Plains College. One of Maines's instructors at South Plains, and a former member of The Maines Brothers Band, Cary Banks, recalled "She was mostly into rock'n'roll, rhythm and blues ... alternative rock." When Banks encountered Maines on campus, he said that she usually needed to vent a little steam. "She would get into a lot of political arguments" at the predominantly Republican school, and was a fan of Texas Governor Ann Richards. "She's always been opinionated and hardheaded like her dad."  In December 1994, Maines auditioned for and received a full vocal scholarship to Berklee College of Music. She pursued the diploma program at Berklee but dropped out before the completion of her studies. Even though Maines is from Lubbock, home of Texas Tech University, she attended only one class at the school, a 1995 summer course in "Introductory Wildlife".

Career
Maines's first professional recording was lead vocals on the song "White Women's Clothes" on Andy Wilkinson's album "Charlie Goodnight's Life in Poetry and Song." Maines's first commercially released work was background vocals on Pat Green's debut album, Dancehall Dreamer, produced by her father Lloyd Maines and released in 1995. At the end of 1995, at age 21, Maines joined the all-female country music band, the then named Dixie Chicks, which had been performing since 1989, but which had been unsuccessful in gaining more than local attention. Maines replaced founding lead singer Laura Lynch.  She plays guitar and bass in concert in the band.

Maines co-wrote four tracks for The Chicks' first three albums, including the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart number one hit "Without You" on Fly. Maines was a primary songwriter on all 14 tracks of the band's 2006 album Taking the Long Way which peaked on the Billboard 200 chart at No. 1. Taking the Long Way has the Billboard Hot 100 single "Not Ready to Make Nice", (Maines, Strayer, Erwin, Wilson) hitting No. 4 and for which the band won the songwriting Grammy Award, for Song of the Year. Maines considers the songwriting she did for Taking the Long Way "pure therapy" after the controversy that ensued over a comment Maines made from the stage in London that criticized U.S. President George W. Bush. "Everything felt more personal this time", Maines said about the album, "there's just more maturity, depth, intelligence. ... [These songs] feel more grown-up."

Maines collaborates with other musical artists, both as a member of The Chicks and an individual singer. The Chicks first worked with Sheryl Crow in 1999 while performing for the concert tour Lilith Fair. Since then, The Chicks have worked with Crow on her Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park album, a Crow remixed version of "Landslide" performed by The Chicks, and The Chicks' song "Favorite Year" from Taking the Long Way.  Maines has performed with artists including Pat Green, Charlie Robison, Yellowcard, Stevie Nicks, Patty Griffin, Neil Diamond, Eddie Vedder, Pete Yorn and Ben Harper.

On May 7, 2013, Maines released a solo album entitled Mother. This was Maines's first album since The Chicks hiatus started in 2007. The album was co-produced by Ben Harper. The album contains Maines's interpretation of several cover songs, including Pink Floyd's "Mother", Eddie Vedder's "Without You", and Jeff Buckley's "Lover, You Should've Come Over". She also sings about motherhood, feminism, and painful relationships.

Philanthropic works
Maines has participated in various fundraising and awareness events. They include:
 Legendary Bingo (August 23, 2007): Maines participated in "Legendary Bingo", a US bingo game hosted by drag queens and held weekly in Los Angeles. Proceeds from the event go to special charity interests; when Maines participated in the event, the proceeds benefited the "Voice for the Animals Foundation".
 St. Jude Benefit (June 12, 2008): Maines attended "Scrabble Under The Stars" in Beverly Hills, California. The event benefits St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Scrabble boards autographed by celebrity attendees, including Maines, were auctioned through June 30, 2008.
 David Lynch Foundation: Maines with the Dixie Chicks was the headline performer at a benefit night honoring Rick Rubin at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in February 2014.

Personal life

In 1997, Maines married her South Plains College boyfriend, bassist Michael Tarabay, and the couple moved to Nashville, Tennessee. Within two years they filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences.

Maines met actor Adrian Pasdar in May 1999 at the wedding of bandmate Emily Erwin to Charlie Robison. Maines and Pasdar married on June 24, 2000, at A Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas. They have two sons. During her marriage, Maines referred to herself as Natalie Pasdar.  Maines filed for divorce in July 2017; it was finalized in December 2019.  The events leading to her divorce inspired multiple songs on the 2020 album Gaslighter.

Maines practices transcendental meditation.

Controversies

Iraq War criticism and aftermath

On March 10, 2003, nine days before the invasion of Iraq, The Chicks performed at the Shepherd's Bush Empire theater in London, England, UK. It was the first concert of their Top of the World Tour in support of their sixth album, Home. Introducing their song "Travelin' Soldier", Maines told the audience the band they did not support the upcoming Allied invasion of Iraq and were "ashamed" that President George W. Bush was from Texas.

Many American country music listeners supported the war, and Maines's remark triggered a backlash in the United States. The Dixie Chicks were blacklisted by thousands of country radio stations, and the band members received death threats. Maines issued an apology, saying her remark had been disrespectful; in 2006 she rescinded the apology, saying she felt Bush deserved no respect. The backlash damaged sales of their music and sales of their next album and tour.
At the first US concert after Maines's comment, she said from the stage, "They told me that you may not come, but I knew you'd come because we have the greatest fans in the whole wide world." Despite fan turnout at concerts, The Chicks began receiving death threats as circulation of the comment increased. Subsequently, security was heightened at all concert venues and metal detectors were installed where possible. A death threat directed at Maines was received prior to the Chicks' concert of July 6, 2003, in Dallas, Texas. Maines described the threat as "scary because ... it wasn't just somebody wanting to write a hate letter. ... It was somebody who obviously thought they had a plan." Security was heightened for the trip to and from the concert venue as well as at the arena.

On May 21, 2006, while promoting the release of the album Taking the Long Way, Maines recanted her 2003 apology to President Bush, saying, "I don't feel that way anymore. I don't feel he is owed any respect whatsoever. ... If people are going to ask me to apologize based on who I am ... I don't know what to do about that. I can't change who I am."

Maines says she is not looking for more battles but that "The Incident," as it is referred to by the Chicks, reminded her of how she "felt in high school: to be angry, to be sure that you're right and that the things you do matter. You don't realize that you're not feeling those feelings until you do. And then you realize how much more interesting life is."

Two 2006 documentaries, Protesting the Dixie Chicks and Shut Up And Sing, deal with the controversy surrounding Maines's comment and the ensuing fallout. In an interview with The Daily Telegraph on June 15, 2006, regarding the fallout from her comment, Maines again stirred up controversy by stating:The entire country may disagree with me, but I don't understand the necessity for patriotism; Why do you have to be a patriot? About what? This land is our land? Why? You can like where you live and like your life, but as for loving the whole country ... I don't see why people care about patriotism.

In 2007, the Chicks won three Grammys for "Not Ready to Make Nice" and two Grammys for Taking the Long Way, receiving all five Grammys for which they were nominated. This was seen by some as vindication for The Chicks, who were shunned by country radio programmers after Maines's remarks about President Bush. As The Chicks accepted the album of the year award, Maines said, "I think people are using their freedom of speech with all these awards. We get the message."

Feud with Toby Keith
Maines had a public feud with fellow country music superstar Toby Keith over the 2002 chart-topping country hit "Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue", as well as a comment Maines made about U.S. President George W. Bush during a March 2003 Chicks concert in London.

Maines publicly criticized Keith's song "Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue" by saying, "I hate it. It's ignorant, and it makes country music sound ignorant. It targets an entire culture—and not just the bad people who did bad things. You've got to have some tact. Anybody can write, 'We'll put a boot in your ass.'" Keith responded by belittling Maines's songwriting skills with, "I'll bury her. She has never written anything that has been a hit" and, "That's what I do—I write songs."

After Maines commented at a March 2003 Chicks concert at the Shepherd's Bush Empire theatre in London that the Chicks didn't want the Iraq War and were "ashamed" President Bush "was from Texas", Keith's 2003 "Shock'n Y'all" tour began displaying a backdrop showing a doctored photo of Maines with Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Shortly thereafter, on May 21, 2003, Maines wore a T-shirt with the letters "F.U.T.K." written on the front while performing for the Academy of Country Music Awards broadcast. The Chicks website stated that the letters stood for "Freedom, United, Together in Kindness". Some saw it as a well-deserved veiled insult directed at Keith.

In the 2006 documentary Dixie Chicks: Shut Up and Sing, backstage footage prior to her appearance wearing the F.U.T.K. shirt recorded the conversation between Maines and Simon Renshaw and confirmed that the original intent of the shirt was in response to Keith's criticism of her: the letters stood for "Fuck You Toby Keith". As of January 2007, Keith continued to refuse to say Maines's name and argues that the doctored photos displayed during his concerts were intended to express his feeling that Maines's criticism was tyrannical and a dictator-like attempt to squelch Keith's free speech.

West Memphis Three lawsuit
Maines and other members of The Chicks participated in a rally in Little Rock, Arkansas, in late 2007, in support of the West Memphis Three, three imprisoned men convicted of the 1993 murder of three young boys in West Memphis, Arkansas.  On August 19, 2011, Maines joined with Pearl Jam frontman Eddie Vedder in Jonesboro, Arkansas, supporting the release of the West Memphis Three.

Discography

The Chicks

Solo

Studio albums

Singles

Music videos

Other appearances

Awards

The Chicks

Individual
 2003: VH1 Big in '03: Big Quote of '03

References

External links

 Official solo site
 TheChicks.com (official The Chicks site)
 Chicks in the Line of Fire
 Steve Maines papers, 1964–2015, at Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University

1974 births
American anti–Iraq War activists
American country singer-songwriters
American women country singers
Berklee College of Music alumni
Columbia Records artists
Country musicians from Texas
The Chicks members
Feminist musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Lubbock High School alumni
People from Lubbock, Texas
Sony BMG artists
South Plains College alumni
Texas Tech University alumni
West Texas A&M University alumni
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Texas

Natalie Maines


Kateryna Pavlenko (Ukrainian: Катерина Анатоліївна Павленко; born August 10, 1988, Nizhyn, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian singer, folklorist, composer, and soloist of the Go_A band.

Biography
She was born in 1988 in Nizhyn, Chernihiv region. Kateryna's mother is a former soldier. Raised by grandparents.

Due to unsatisfactory living conditions, she developed lung disease. As a teenager, she underwent several surgeries, including surgery to remove a lung tumour. After that she can't sing in the traditional way. "The sound is not formed in my lungs or bronchi, because there is not much space there, but somewhere here (points to the back of the head). This is especially true of high notes," she said.

During her school years she studied at the Nizhyn Music School in the vocal and choral department. She sang in the children's choir "Shine". She studied instruments - piano and guitar. According to Pavlenko, teachers guided her to pursue opera singing in the future.

In 2009 she graduated from the Nizhyn School of Culture and Arts named after Maria Zankovetska with a degree in folk choir conductor (faculty - folk choir).

During her studies at the school she was a member of several local rock bands: "Contours of Shadows", "My spirit".

In 2009-2013 she studied at the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts at the Faculty of Music (specialization "Folklore").

During her student years she directed the ensemble "Vytynanka", sang in the ensemble "Queen" (KNUKiM).

She studied the folklore of the left-bank Kyiv region (Baryshiv district, Berezani suburbs, etc.). She was interested in the folklore of Chornobyl Polissya.

In 2012, she joined the band Go_A, six months after its creation. At first, she performed as a backing vocalist, later she became a soloist.

As part of the band Go_A released 1 studio album "Go to the sound" and several singles.

Since 2017, Pavlenko has been the leader of the Veterans' Choir in Berezan (Kyiv Region) at the City House of Culture. Under her leadership, the choir won the title of folk. According to Kateryna Pavlenko, this is one of the strongest feelings when 30 voices sing under her direction.

At the same time she wrote poems and solo songs, which he published under the pseudonym "Monokate".

On February 22, 2020, together with the band Go_A, she won the National selection for the song contest "Eurovision-2020"  with the song "Nightingale". Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the contest was cancelled, but Go_A represented Ukraine next year at Eurovision-2021 with the song SHUM. In the final of the competition, the band took the 5th place in the sum of points from the national jury and the spectators (according to the results of the spectator voting - the 2nd place, and in the semifinals the team won the 1st place).

References

1988 births
Living people
Ukrainian singers

Kateryna Pavlenko


TVP Info is a Polish free-to-air television news channel, run by the public broadcaster, state media TVP. It is focused on newscasts, airing nationwide news bulletins from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. Its main offices are located at the TVP news compound in central Warsaw.

History
TVP Info replaced TVP3 and was launched October 2007. It has regional branches in most of the major Polish cities and, similarly to France 3 in France or Rai Tre in Italy, for a couple of hours every day it broadcasts regional programming, including local news and reports in sixteen versions. These were transferred to the revived TVP Regionalna (which later was renamed TVP3 again) in September 2013. In addition, it disseminates certain programs on YouTube, where it has the TVP World channel.

Broadcasting via Astra 19.2°E started in 2005, but was discontinued on 31 December 2014 due to economic issues.

TVP Info has been broadcast in 16:9 since 23 February 2011. Its HD simulcast feed was launched on 30 September 2016 on digital terrestrial television and on 5 April 2017 on Hot Bird satellite. The SD feed was closed down there on 21 April 2017.

Just weeks after winning the 2015 parliamentary elections, the conservative Law and Justice party passed a media law in December 2015 giving the government direct control over public broadcasting. It is fully controlled by Poland's government, causing Reporters Without Borders to bemoan the fact.

The first media reports about TVP Info HD appeared in December 2014, which were confirmed in March 2015 by TVP president Juliusz Braun.

On 15 February 2016, TVP President Jacek Kurski announced in a media interview that he planned to launch TVP Info HD. In the night of 18 to 19 July 2016, due to the planned launch of TVP Info HD on the third digital terrestrial television multiplex, TVP Polonia was replaced. On 26 September 2016, TVP announced that the station would broadcast in HD resolution starting 30 September 2016. As per that date, TVP Info HD was available via the multiplex of the third digital terrestrial television and in cable networks. Via satellite, only the SD feed could be tuned in until 5 April 2017.

On 5 April 2017 at 1:00 pm, TVP Info HD started broadcasting via satellite. On 20 April 2017, TVP Info shut down its SD feed.

According to Kurski, the channel would be set to begin broadcasting in 1080i50 in early 2018, accompanied by a change of the scenery for the main studio of TVP Info.

In November 2021, an English-language channel known as TVP World was launched, its initial date having been brought forward from January 2022 due to "the situation on the Polish-Belarusian border, and the need to produce honest and fair reporting, especially regarding issues that feature false reporting along with propaganda disinformation from Russia and Belarus". Said TVP President Kurski, "Polish public television feels responsible for defending the Polish raison d'état, which is why we hastened TVP World's debut." The channel is simulcast on TVP Info during late nights. Later, the channel TVP World only ran for 24 hours, since the middle of 2022.

Programmes

 Wiadomości (News) – Main news program of TVP1.
 Teleexpress – Second news program of TVP1.
 Panorama – Main news program of TVP2.
 Panorama Info (Info Panorama) – Main news program.
 Poranek Info (Info Morning) – Morning news.
 Serwis Info Poranek (Info Service Morning) – Live news segment every half hour during Poranek Info.
 Serwis Info Dzień (Info Service Day) – Midday news.
 Info Wieczór (Info Evening) – Evening news.
 Minęła Dwudziesta (Twenty Has Passed) – Evening talk show.
 Reportaż TVP Info (TVP Info Report) – Reports.
 Debata TVP Info (TVP Info Debate) – Weekly news debate, airing on Saturdays two or three times a month.
 Pogoda Info (Info Weather) – Polish and European forecasts.
 Sport Info (Info Sport) – Sports news.
 Info Biznes (Info Business) – Business news.

TVP World
 World Today
 Morning World Today
 World News Tonight
 Eastern Express
 Break the Fake
 Military Mind
 Rock Rachoń
 Business Arena

References

External links

TVP Info at LyngSat Address

Telewizja Polska
24-hour television news channels
Television channels and stations established in 2007
Television channels in Poland
Polish news websites

TVP Info