"Everest" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov.  It was first published in the December 1953 issue of Universe Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories.  Asimov wrote the story in one sitting while visiting the Chicago, Illinois editorial offices of Universe on 7 April 1953.

In the summary of Buy Jupiter and Other Stories, Asimov claims he frequently used this story to show how poor he was at predicting the future: Everest was successfully climbed in May 1953, and the story (although written in April 1953) did not appear in print until December of that year, meaning Asimov predicted Everest would never be conquered seven months after it was.

Plot summary
The story concerns a mountain climber named James Abram Robbons who is the first man to reach the summit of Mount Everest, after having been dropped there by airplane.  Robbons is picked up again two weeks later, and he reports that the summit of Everest is the location of a Martian outpost, and that the yeti are actually Martians.

External links

Short stories by Isaac Asimov
1953 short stories
Science fiction short stories
Works originally published in Other Worlds (magazine)

Everest (short story)


Robert Horace Baker (March 29, 1883, in Northampton, Massachusetts – June 23, 1964, in Upland, California) was an astronomer.

Career
Educated at Amherst College, he graduated with an A.B. in 1904 and A.M. the following year. His graduate work in astronomy was done at the University of Pittsburgh where he was an assistant at Allegheny Observatory and where he obtained the Ph.D. degree in 1910. Baker was also awarded an honorary D.Sc. by Oglethorpe University in 1936.

Baker's first post was that of assistant professor at Brown University's Ladd Observatory (1910–1911) and he then became a professor at the University of Missouri in 1911, a post he held until 1922. While there he used a visual photometer at Laws Observatory to study variable stars.

In 1922 he left Missouri, frustrated at an inability to obtain a more modern observatory. After a year as Kellogg Fellow at Lick Observatory in California, he was appointed professor of astronomy and director of the University of Illinois Observatory in 1923. While at Lick, he used the photoelectric photometer on the 12-inch telescope to study u Herculis. He continued working on photoelectric photometry when he arrived at Illinois.

In 1931–1932 and again in 1938–1939 he was a research associate of Harvard University while on sabbatical working with Bart Bok's Star Count Circuit. Starting in 1939, he changed his research focus to the Milky Way and Galactic Structure.

Baker's professional activities extended through many fields. His research publications run to more than forty articles in the areas of galactic structure, extragalactic nebulae cataloguing, variable star measurement, solar corona structure, and others. He was an exceptionally fine observer and possessed the added talent of clarity of style that made his articles models of scholarly writing. It is characteristic of his abiding interest in astronomy that he continued to publish research after becoming emeritus. His students include Elaine Nantkes, Lois Kiefer, David Heeschen, and Allan Sandage.

Author
He enjoyed great success with his textbooks Astronomy and An Introduction to Astronomy, both published by Van Nostrand, which have gone through many editions and numerous revisions. Reviewers invariably refer to them as "classics" and as the "standard by which other texts in astronomy are measured". Otto Struve called An Introduction to Astronomy an excellent textbook that set a high standard. Baker took special pride in these books as indicated by the fact that he kept them up to date with periodic revisions even after retirement.

His very marked ability as an author served him well also in the field of popular astronomy. His books The Universe Unfolding,  When the stars come out, Introducing the Constellations, and Stars: A Guide to the Heavens (the last in collaboration with Herbert Zim) are known and esteemed the world over.

Among the professional societies in which he held membership are the American Astronomical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society, and Sigma Xi.  Baker held this post until his retirement from the University of Illinois in 1951, where he had been an assistant dean of the graduate college in 1949–1951.

Family
Robert Baker's parents were Horace Hall Baker and Ellen H. Puffer.

Robert married Rose Koenig (1885–1925) of Goldendale, Washington, in 1911 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.  They had three children; Ralph (1912–1988), Ruth (1914–2005), and Raymond (1921–1921). Rose died in February 1925 of pneumonia.

He married Mary Howe (1901–1964) in June 1926 and had one son, Robert Howe Baker (1927–1983).  Mary Howe was the daughter of Louis McHenry Howe, secretary and advisor to President Franklin Roosevelt. They divorced in 1951. Robert married Hildred Virginia Hogan in 1952.

Published works
Baker, Robert H. (1930). Astronomy. D. Van Nostrand: New York.  13 editions
Baker, Robert H. (1932). The Universe Unfolding: The story of man's increasing comprehension of the universe around him. A Century of Progress series. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore.
Baker, Robert H. (editor) (1932). Simon Newcomb's Astronomy for Everyone.
Baker, Robert H. (1934). When the Stars Come Out. Viking Press: New York. 2 editions
Baker, Robert H. (1934). An Introduction to Astronomy.  Van Nostrand: New York.  7 editions
Baker, Robert H. (1937). Introducing the Constellations. Viking Press: New York.  3 editions
Zim, Herbert S. & Robert H. Baker (1951). Stars: A Guide to the Heavens—Golden Guide. Simon and Schuster: New York. (re-released in 2001 as part of Golden Field Guide Series with Mark R. Chartrand and James Golden Irving as additional authors)
Baker, Robert H. (1928) The 30-inch Reflecting Telescope and Photoelectric Photometer of the University of Illinois. Popular Astronomy. 122:86–91.
Baker, R.H. (1933). A catalogue of 985 extragalactic nebulae in a region in Fornax and Eridanus.  Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. 88:3:77–90.
Baker, R.H. (1939). Investigations of Galactic Structure IV. The Milky Way in Cassiopeia. Harvard College Observatory circular 424: 1–16.
Kiefer, L. & R.H. Baker. (1941). Analysis of the Milky Way in Auriga. Astrophysical Journal. 94:3: 482–492.
Baker, R.H. (1941). Analysis of a transverse section of the Milky Way in Aquila. Astrophysical Journal. 94:3:493–500.
Baker, R.H. & L. Kiefer. (1942). Analysis of the Milky Way in Ophiuchus and Northern Sagittarius. Astrophysical Journal. 96: 224–233.
Baker, R.H. & E. Nantkes. (1944). Analysis of the Milky Way in Cassiopeia. Astrophysical Journal. 99 (2) 125–133.
Nantkes, E. & R.H. Baker. (1948). Analysis of the Milky Way in Northern Cassiopeia and Cepheus. Astrophysical Journal 107 (2) 112–118.

References

1883 births
1964 deaths
People from Northampton, Massachusetts
Amherst College alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
American astronomers
Fellows of the American Physical Society

Robert Horace Baker


Adam Arcuragi is an American-born artist and producer from Georgia, who lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for many years.  He is credited with being the founder of the musical genre Death Gospel.

Adam's debut album (untitled) was praised for his complex and often introspective lyrics and his voice garnered comparisons to Nick Drake and Van Morrison.  Songs from the album were featured on stations and sites such as NPR's All Songs Considered.  In 2008, Arcuragi recorded a La Blogotheque/Take-Away Show in New York City and the same year released his EP 'Soldiers For Feet'.

Arcuragi released his second full-length album titled I am become joy in September 2009. The album included collaborations with singer Dawn Landes, Jesse Elliott of These United States. The backing vocals on I Am Become Joy were meant to sound like that of a "ramshackle choir as though each song was tracked in a different church across the wide swath of Route 80 that cuts from southern Georgia to Mississippi".

"Like A Fire That Consumes All Before It" was released on January 31, 2012, on Thirty Tigers.  The album premiered on NPR's "First Listen". Positive album reviews appeared on NPR, Paste, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, Prefix, Impose, Time Out New York, The Portland Mercury and many others.

Arcuragi recorded an NPR Tiny Desk Concert with Bob Boilen, three Daytrotter Sessions, and toured extensively through the United States and Europe, under his name as well as with SPURS. Reviews, Interviews and articles appeared in Rolling Stone, Paste Magazine, American Songwriter, on NPR, in The L Magazine, Magnet, The Philadelphia Weekly and  The Washington Post, The Austin Chronicle,  The Guardian UK, Huffington Post and many others. He recorded a 78 Project that was featured on The BBC

Arcuragi has performed with legendary artists such as Ringo Starr  and Eric Burdon (of The Animals), and has also co-written several songs with renowned songwriter Jeff Barry.

Since moving to LA in 2014, Adam's musical interests expanded into production and songwriting. He has produced, co-written and collaborated with artists and artists Sondre Lerche, Laura Burhen (Mynabirds), HOLLOVVS, Katt and Fabian Simon.  Arcuragi has also written multiple songs for critically acclaimed shows such as SEARCH PARTY and THE PATH, and is one half of the project THE MOONLESS NIGHTS with Jesse Epstein.

He currently lives in Silver Lake, CA.

Discography
Untitled (2006)
Soldiers for Feet EP (2008)
I am become joy (2009)
Like A Fire That Consumes All Before It... (2012)
Untitled Album (Forthcoming 2018)

References

External links
www.adamarcuragi.com

Living people
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
Year of birth missing (living people)
Thirty Tigers artists

Adam Arcuragi


Barry Dean Karl (born July 23, 1927, in Louisville – died July 7, 2010) was an American educator.

Education
He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Louisville in 1949, a master's from the University of Chicago in 1951, and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1961.

Career
He was the associate editor in the Humanities and History at the University of Chicago Press (1951–53). At Harvard, he was the executive secretary to the Committee on General Education (1959–1961) and senior tutor at Eliot House (1961–62). He was professor of History at Washington University in St. Louis (1962–68), professor of History at Brown University (1968–71) and the University of Chicago (1970–1996) where he held the Norman and Edna Freehling Chair in History and the Social Sciences. He chaired the Department of History from 1976 to 1979. At the University of Chicago he chaired the Faculty Committee of the Benton Program for Fellowships in Broadcast Journalism in Broadcast Journalism (1982–86) and the Committee to Plan the University's Centennial. From 1982 to 1988, he served as special advisor to President Hanna Gray. He was also an avid pianist.

Bibliography
Executive Reorganization and Reform in the New Deal (1963)
Charles E. Merriam and the Study of Politics (1974)
The Uneasy State: The United States from 1915 to 1945 (1983)

External links
"Barry Karl Named First Bloomberg Professor", The Harvard University Gazette, May 15, 1997.
"Barry D. Karl, historian of America politics and expert on philanthropy, 1927-2010", "The University of Chicago," July 9, 2010.
"Barry D. Karl and the Historical Profession", Stan Katz, "The Chronicle of Higher Education," July 10, 2010.

References

American historians
Educators from Louisville, Kentucky
University of Louisville alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Chicago faculty
Harvard Kennedy School faculty
2010 deaths
1927 births
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Brown University faculty

Barry Dean Karl


Nigerian Pidgin is an English-based creole language spoken as a lingua franca across Nigeria. The language is sometimes referred to as Pijin, Brokun or "Vernacular". It can be spoken as a pidgin, a creole, dialect or a decreolised acrolect by different speakers, who may switch between these forms depending on the social setting. In the 2010s, a common orthography was developed for Pidgin which has been gaining significant popularity in giving the language a harmonized writing system.

Variations of what this article refers to as "Nigerian Pidgin" are also spoken across West and Central Africa, in countries such as Benin, Ghana, and Cameroon.

Status
Nigerian Pidgin is commonly used throughout the country, but it has not been granted official status. Pidgin breaks the communication barrier between different ethnic groups and it is widely spoken throughout Nigeria.

In 2011, Google launched a search interface in Pidgin. In 2017, BBC started BBC News Pidgin to provide services in Pidgin.

Variations
Many of the 250 or more ethnic groups in Nigeria can converse in the language, though many speakers will utilize words from their native tongues. For example:

 Yorùbá ṣebi (pronounced 'sheh-be') is often used at the start or end of an intonated sentence or question: "You are coming, right?" becomes Ṣebi you dey come?
 Yorùbá abi (another variant of the words ṣebi and ba)
 Igbo unu, equivalent to the English term "you people", has been adopted as una. For example, Una dey mad in Nigerian Pidgin means "You people are crazy." Unu has also found its way to Jamaican patois, with the same meaning as in Nigerian Pidgin.
 Igbo biko, meaning "please." For example, the sentence Biko free me means "Please leave me alone".
 Hausa ba at the end of an intonated sentence or question: you no wan come, ba? means "You don't want to come, right?"

Nigerian Pidgin also varies from place to place. Dialects of Nigerian Pidgin may include the Sapele-Warri-Ughelli dialect that has majorly influenced large parts of Nigeria, Benin City dialect that has its influence from Bini language, Port Harcourt dialect that has elements of the mixed tribes in Rivers State,  Lagos (particularly in Ajegunle influenced by sizeable Niger Deltan populace); and Onitsha varieties that draws influence from Igbo language.

Nigerian Pidgin is most widely spoken in the oil state Niger Delta where most of its population speak it as their first language. There are accounts of pidgin being spoken first in colonial Nigeria before being adopted by other countries along the West African coast.

While pidgin is spoken by many, there are wide swathes of Nigeria where pidgin is not spoken or understood, especially among those without secular education in core northern parts — Gombe State, Yobe State — of Nigeria.

Relationship to other languages and dialects

Similarity to Caribbean Creoles
Nigerian Pidgin, along with the various pidgin and creole languages of West Africa, share similarities to the various English-based Creoles found in the Caribbean.
Linguists posit that this is because most of the enslaved that were taken to the New World were of West African descent.
The pronunciation and accents often differ a great deal, mainly due to the extremely heterogeneous mix of African languages present in the West Indies, but if written on paper or spoken slowly, the creole languages of the Caribbean are for the most part mutually intelligible with the creole languages of West Africa.
The presence of repetitive phrases in Caribbean Creole such as su-su (gossip) and pyaa-pyaa (sickly) mirror the presence of such phrases in West African languages such as bam-bam, which means "complete" in the Yoruba language.
Repetitious phrases are also present in Nigerian Pidgin, such as koro-koro meaning "clear vision", yama-yama meaning "disgusting", and doti-doti meaning "garbage".

Furthermore, the use of words of West African origin in Jamaican Patois, such as unu and Bajan dialect wunna or una – West African Pidgin (meaning "you people", a word that comes from the Igbo word unu or unuwa also meaning "you people"), display some of the interesting similarities between the English pidgins and creoles of West Africa and the English pidgins and creoles of the West Indies, as does the presence of words and phrases that are identical in the languages on both sides of the Atlantic, such as Me a go tell dem (I'm going to tell them) and make we (let us).

A copula deh or dey is found in both Caribbean Creole and Nigerian Pidgin English.
The phrase We dey foh London would be understood by both a speaker of Creole and a speaker of Nigerian Pidgin to mean "We are in London" (although the Jamaican is more likely to say Wi de a London).
The word originates from the Igbo word di meaning the same thing and pronounced similarly: anu di na ofe (literally "meat is in pot") and anyi di na london (lit. "we are in London").
Other similarities, such as pikin (Nigerian Pidgin for "child") and pikney (used in islands like St.Vincent, Antigua and St. Kitts, akin to the standard-English pejorative/epithet pickaninny) and chook (Nigerian Pidgin for "poke" or "stab") which corresponds with the Trinidadian creole word juk, and also corresponds to chook used in other West Indian islands.

Connection to Portuguese language
Being derived partly from the present day Edo/Delta area of Nigeria, there are still some words left over from the Portuguese language in pidgin English (Portuguese ships traded slaves from the Bight of Benin). For example, you sabi do am? means "do you know how to do it?". Sabi means "to know" or "to know how to", just as "to know" is saber in Portuguese. (According to the monogenetic theory of pidgins, sabir was a basic word in Mediterranean Lingua Franca, brought to West Africa through Portuguese pidgin. An English cognate is savvy.) Also, pikin or "pickaninny" comes from the Portuguese words pequeno and pequenino, which mean "small" and "small child" respectively.

Nigerian English
Similar to the Caribbean Creole situation, Nigerian Pidgin is mostly used in informal conversations. Nigerian Pidgin has no status as an official language. Nigerian English is used in politics, education, science, and media. In Nigeria, English is acquired through formal education. As English has been in contact with multiple different languages in Nigeria, Nigerian English has become much more prominent, and it is often referred to as a group of different sub-varieties. Although there is not a formal description of Nigerian English, scholars agree that Nigerian English is a recognizable and unique variety of English.

Phonology
Nigerian Pidgin, like many pidgins and creoles, has a simpler phonology than the superstrate language. It has 23 consonants, 7 vowels, and 2 tones.

Consonants

Vowels

Tones
Nigerian Pidgin has been described as a tonal language, having a high tone and a low tone. The high tone can be written with an acute accent, and the low tone, though typically left unmarked, can be written with a grave accent. Additionally, monosyllabic high-tone words shift into a high falling tone before a pause.

However, this has been contested by subsequent linguists, due to variance in pitch intonation on lexemes, especially for questions. One rival suggestion is that Nigerian Pidgin "is something of a pitch-accent language in which, given a word there may be only one high tone, or one sequence thereof in opposition to one low sequence"; downdrift is attested in the intonational system.

Most written texts in Nigerian Pidgin do not show any tonal markings, and do not reflect any lexical pitch differences.

See also

 Krio
 Pichinglis
 Languages of Nigeria

References

Bibliography

 Ernest Edjeren. 2009. "Single Language: The Soul Of Nations' Prosperity"

External links

 University of Puerto Rico, Nigerian Pidgin materials
 A Dictionary of Nigerian English (circulation draft); Blench, Roger. 2005 (Internet Archive)
 Introduction to Nigerian Pidgin (University of Hawaii)

English-based pidgins and creoles of Africa
Krio language
Nigerian English
Languages of Nigeria

Nigerian Pidgin


Michael C. Jelenic (born May 12, 1977) is an American television writer, producer, and animator. He is best known for co-developing Teen Titans Go! alongside Aaron Horvath for Cartoon Network. He and Horvath both wrote the feature movie Teen Titans Go! To the Movies (2014) and the both wrote the series Cartoon Network's The Misfortune of Being Ned (2013–2014).

Other websites

1977 births
Living people
American television writers
American animators
American television producers
Writers from Los Angeles County, California

Michael Jelenic


Kallithea (Greek: Καλλιθέα) may refer to:

Places in Greece
municipalities:
Kallithea, a city in Attica, suburb of Athens
Kallithea, Rhodes, a municipality on Rhodes
Kallithea, Thessaloniki, a municipality in the Thessaloniki metropolitan area
parts of other municipalities:
Kallithea, Achaea, a village in northcentral Achaea, part of Messatida
Kallithea, Aetolia-Acarnania, a village in eastern Aetolia-Acarnania, part of Paravola
Kallithea, Boeotia, a village in southeastern Boeotia, part of Tanagra
Kallithea, Chalkidiki, a village in southwestern Chalkidiki, part of Kassandra
Kallithea, Corinthia, a village in western Corinthia, part of Evrostini
Kallithea, Drama, a village in Drama, part of Prosotsani
Kallithea, Elis, a village in Elis, part of Alifeira
Kallithea, Euboea, a village in central Euboea, part of Amarynthos
Kallithea, Florina, a village in northwestern Florina, part of Prespes
Kallithea, Grevena, in Grevena, part of Gorgiani
Kallithea, Heraklion, a village on Crete (Heraklion regional unit), part of Nea Alikarnassos
Kallithea, Ioannina, a village in northern Ioannina, part of Konitsa
Kallithea, Laconia, a village in eastern Laconia, part of Geronthres
in Larissa regional unit:
Kallithea, Narthaki, in southern Larissa, part of Narthaki
Kallithea Elassonos, in northern Larissa, part of Olympos
Kallithea, Lemnos, a village on Lemnos
Kallithea, Messenia, a village in Messenia, part of Pylos
Kallithea, Phocis, a village in southern Phocis, part of Tolofona
Kallithea, Phthiotis, a village in Phthiotis, part of Spercheiada
Kallithea, Pieria, a village in eastern Pieria, part of Paralia
Kallithea, Samos, a village on Samos, part of Marathokampos
in Thesprotia:
Kallithea, Paramythia, a village in eastern Thesprotia, part of Paramythia
Kallithea, Filiates, a village in northern Thesprotia, part of Filiates
Kallithea, Trikala, in Trikala, part of Tymfaia
in Xanthi regional unit:
Kallithea, Xanthi, part of Xanthi
Kallithea, Stavroupoli, part of Stavroupoli
Kallithea, Zakynthos, a village in Zakynthos, part of Alykes

Science and technology
 Kallithea (software), source code management system.
 Niki Kallithea, a Bulgarian autogyro design

Kallithea (disambiguation)


Jean Erdman (February 20, 1916 – May 4, 2020) was an American dancer and choreographer of modern dance as well as an avant-garde theater director.

Biography

Early years and background

Erdman was born in Honolulu. Erdman's father, John Piney Erdman, a doctor of divinity and missionary from New England, settled in Honolulu as a minister at the non-denominational Protestant Church of the Crossroads where he preached, in both English and Japanese, to a multi-ethnic congregation. Her mother, Marion Dillingham Erdman, was a member of one of the founding industrialist families of Hawaii.

Erdman's earliest dance experience was the hula. She attended the Punahou School in Honolulu where she learned, as a form of physical education, Isadora Duncan interpretive dance. Reflecting on her early dance training Erdman said these two influences taught her that dancing is an "expression of something meaningful to the dancer, not a mere series of lively steps."

From Hawaii, Erdman went to Miss Hall's School for Girls in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, from which she graduated in 1934. She was troubled by the attitude towards dancing that caused her to be disciplined for teaching the hula to her classmates. Later, at Sarah Lawrence College, which she attended from 1934 to 1937, she was able to explore more freely her multiple interests in theater, dance, and aesthetic philosophy.

At Sarah Lawrence she encountered her two greatest influences: Joseph Campbell and Martha Graham. Campbell, a professor of comparative literature who later became an authority on mythology, was her tutorial advisor. This began a dialogue about the process of individual psycho-spiritual transformation and the nature of art that was to continue throughout their lives. Erdman was also interested in the modern dance technique she learned in Martha Graham's classes at Sarah Lawrence and at the Bennington College Summer School of Dance that she attended during the summers of 1935–1944.

In 1937 Erdman joined her parents and younger sister on a trip around the world during which she saw the traditional dance and theater of many countries including Bali, Java and India. Speaking of her experiences on this trip and of her later study of world dance cultures inspired by it Erdman said, "by studying and analyzing the traditional dance styles of the world, I discovered that the particular dance of each culture is the perfect expression of that culture's world view and is achieved by deliberate choices drawn from the unlimited possibilities of movement".  Shortly after Erdman returned to New York, she married Campbell on May 5, 1938, and following a brief honeymoon began rehearsal as a member of the Martha Graham Dance Company.

Career
Erdman distinguished herself as a principal dancer in Graham's company in solo roles such as the Ideal Spectator in Every Soul is a Circus, the Speaking Fate in Punch and the Judy and the One Who Speaks in Letter to the World, Graham's ode to the American poet, Emily Dickinson. Dance critic Margaret Lloyd of The Christian Science Monitor praised the "felicitous humor" Erdman brought to her role as the Speaking Fate and called her "irreplaceable" in the 1941 revival of Letter to the World.

Working with Graham, Erdman had re-shaped the role, originally played by actress Margaret Meredith, from that of a static seated figure to a moving, integrated element in the groundbreaking dance-theater work. In The Complete Guide to Modern Dance, historian Don McDonagh writes of the "profound effect" that these speaking roles had on Erdman. He attributes her many explorations of the dynamic between word and movement to these early experiences.

As all female Graham dancers of the period Erdman was required to study choreography with Louis Horst, Graham's musical director. Horst presented lecture-demonstrations on his principles in pre-classic dance forms, and his students demonstrated his ideas through their own compositions. Her first solo, The Transformations of Medusa, which premiered at the Bennington College's Summer Festival of the Arts in 1942, began as an assignment for his class. The final version, with a commissioned score by Horst, remained in her repertory through the 1990s. Erdman's performance of this dance was the subject of Maya Deren's unfinished 1949 film, Medusa.

Originally an exploration of primitive style or archaic style, The Transformations of Medusa developed from a short study of the two-dimensional form into a complete dance of three sections. Erdman described the year long evolution of the piece as the process through which she came to understand that every posture contains "a whole state of being or attitude toward life."  The dance evolved as she attuned herself to the physical sensations of the stylized positions and followed where they led her. It was Campbell, informed by his deep well of mythological imagery, who identified the dance character in the first short study as Medusa, the beautiful Greek priestess of Athena who became the hideous snake-headed gorgon. Erdman developed the second and third sections following the development of the mythological archetype.

In 1943, at the urging of Campbell and composer, John Cage, Erdman and fellow Graham Company member, Merce Cunningham, presented a joint concert sponsored by the Arts Club of Chicago. Cunningham's solos included "Totem Ancestor", "In the Name of the Holocaust", and "Shimmera", all with scores by Cage.

The two collaborative duets were, "Credo in US", a dramatic dance with a text by Cunningham and a commissioned score by Cage, and "Ad Lib" with a commissioned score by Gregory Tucker. According to Erdman, Ad Lib "was considered rather shocking because it incorporated improvisations. At that time it was not considered acceptable to perform improvs in public. That was for the privacy of your studio."

Erdman's other important works of the 1940s were Daughters of the Lonesome Isle (1945) and Ophelia (1946) with commissioned scores by John Cage on prepared and standard piano respectively, Passage (1946), Hamadryad (1948) to Debussy's "Syrinx", The Perilous Chapel (1949), and Solstice (1950), both with commissioned scores by Lou Harrison. Of The Perilous Chapel which featured a moving sculptural set by Carlus Dyer and was selected as one of the Best New Works of the Season by Dance Magazine, Doris Hering wrote, "When the dance was over one realized that by means of purely physical and visual elements, Miss Erdman had succeeded in giving a moving picture of the experience of an artist through phases of isolation and realization."

Other dance critics of the time noted her unique approach to dance making. New York Times dance critic John Martin remarked, "that Erdman's movement is perhaps as near to being non-associative as movement can be, yet it is freely creative. The method of composition, though naturally without story content, avoids any connotation of being merely decorative, much as non-objective painting avoids it, and manages to be just as strongly evocative."

Reporting on a group concert at the 92nd St YM/YWHA in which Erdman participated Edwin Denby wrote in the New York Herald Tribune, "Miss Erdman's (approach) is a more original and refreshing one to encounter. There was a lightness in the rhythm, a quality of generosity and spaciousness in the movement that struck me as a dance should, as a poetic presence."  Walter Terry also writing for the Tribune commented, "(Her dance) attracts through rare beauty of pattern, through gently shaded dynamics and through that intangible essence we call quality. It does not appeal directly to the intellect nor to the emotions, but rather it seems to carry its message on its own short-wave system to the senses themselves."

From 1950 to 1954, she toured the US annually with her company. From 1954 to 1955 she toured India and Japan as a solo artist, the first dancer to do so since World War II. The report she filed with U.S. State Department helped initiate cultural exchange programs with India and many countries in the Far East.

From 1955 to 1960, she toured extensively as a solo artist throughout the U.S. Notable works from her repertory of that period include Portrait of a Lady created to jazz recordings that were layered by John Cage into his eight-track commissioned score, Dawn Song, a lyrical solo with commissioned score by Alan Hovhaness, Fearful Symmetry (1956; an allegory in six visions inspired by William Blake's poem, "The Tyger") to Ezra Laderman's Sonata for Violoncello, in which Erdman emerged from and interacted with a metal sculpture by Carlus Dyer, and Four Portraits from Duke Ellington's "Shakespeare Album" (1958), a suite of comic portrayals of Shakespearean heroines.

In 1960, Erdman reorganized and renamed her dance company to reflect her explorations of the inter-relationship of movement, music, visual arts and spoken text. As noted above this interest began much earlier for Erdman. As early as 1946, John Martin noted, "She is keenly alert to modern experiments in the other arts music, poetry, visual design and employs them freely."

Her musical collaborations with composer Ezra Laderman which had begun in 1956 with Duet for Flute and Dancer, inspired by Erdman's interpretation of Debussy's solo flute composition Syrinx in her 1948 solo Hamadryad and culminating in the 1957 group work Harlequinade, featuring dancer Donald McKayle, were the subject of a feature story in Time magazine in April 1957.

In the theater Erdman had choreographed a production of Jean-Paul Sartre's The Flies (1947) for the Vassar Experimental Theatre, the Broadway production of Jean Giraudoux's The Enchanted (1950) and collaborating with writer William Saroyan and composer Alan Hovhaness, she directed and choreographed Otherman or The Beginning of a New Nation (1954) at Bard College. The newly named Jean Erdman Theater of Dance toured the U.S. and gave concerts in New York City. Among the notable works of this period are Twenty Poems (1960), a cycle of E. E. Cummings's poems for eight dancers and one actor with a commissioned score by Teiji Ito, performed in the round at the Circle in the Square Theatre in Greenwich Village and The Castle, an exploration of improvised and structured movement with jazz clarinetist-saxophonist Jimmy Giuffre at the Brooklyn Academy of Music (1970).

In 1962 with the aid of a grant from the Ingram Merrill Foundation, Erdman began what was to become her best-known work, The Coach with the Six Insides, an adaptation of James Joyce's, Finnegans Wake. The title is a line from the text found in episode 11.3.359. She became acquainted with the novel during the four and a half year period that her husband collaborated with Henry Morton Robinson to write A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake (1944).

While Joyce's story is told from the perspective of the male barkeeper Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, Erdman's work a combination of dance, mime, and Joycean stream of consciousness language focuses on the female psyche, as seen through the many incarnations of the main female character Anna Livia Plurabelle. She danced all the aspects of Anna Livia from young woman, to old crone, to the rain itself that becomes the River Liffey flowing through the heart of Dublin. Teiji Ito was the musical director and composed the musical score on a vast array of instruments from around the world including among others, Japanese bass drums, Tibetan cymbals, a violin and an accordion.

The Coach with the Six Insides premiered at the Village South Theatre in Greenwich Village on November 26, 1962. It ran for 114 performances and received the Obie and Vernon Rice Awards for Outstanding Achievement in theater. Following the first New York season it began a world tour including engagements in Spoleto, Paris, Dublin and Tokyo. Three other North American tours as well as another New York season in 1967 followed, at the East 74th Street Theater on the Upper East Side. In 1964 the work was featured on the CBS's Camera Three series and in 1966 WNET Channel 13 produced an interview with both Erdman and Campbell, A Viewer's Guide to the Coach with the Six Insides. Many dance historians continue to regard The Coach with the Six Insides as "the most successful—and celebrated—attempt to unite dance and words."

Other theater productions Erdman choreographed during this period include the Helen Hayes Repertory production of Hamlet (1964), the Lincoln Center Repertory production of Federico García Lorca's Yerma (1962) and the New York Shakespeare Festival production of the rock-opera Two Gentlemen of Verona (1971–72), which ran on Broadway for two years and for which Erdman received the Drama Desk Award and a Tony nomination.

Erdman was an active teacher throughout her career. In 1948 she opened her own studio where she taught a style-neutral, concept-based technique she developed by combining her study of world dance with anatomical principles. She described it as, "a basic dance training that would, in its most elementary form give the novice an essential experience of the art form, and in more complex variations create a professional dance artist with a completely articulate instrument capable of responding in movement to any choreographic impulse."

From 1949 to 1951 she directed the modern dance department at Teachers College of Columbia University. In the summers from 1949 to 1955 she was the artist in residence and head of the dance department at the University of Colorado in Boulder. From 1954 to 1957 she was the chairman of the dance department at Bard College. She was founding director of the dance program at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts and taught there from 1966 to 1971.

In the 1980s, Erdman began reviving her early dance repertory and presenting it annually at The Open Eye. These performances culminated in the NEA-funded Jean Erdman Retrospective at the Hunter Playhouse in 1985, New York City. New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff wrote, "anyone wishing to know something about where modern dance is today can find the roots in this retrospective."  From 1987 to 1993, Erdman served as artistic director of an NEA funded project to create a three volume video archive of these early dance works, Dance and Myth: The World of Jean Erdman.

Personal life
Erdman and Campbell had no children. For most of their forty-nine years of marriage they shared a two-room apartment in Greenwich Village in New York City. In the 1980s they also purchased an apartment in Honolulu and divided their time between the two cities. Campbell died in 1987. In 1990, Erdman became the founding president of the Joseph Campbell Foundation and continued as its president emerita until her death. Since 1995 Erdman had lived exclusively in Hawaii.

Erdman died at the age of 104 in a nursing facility in Honolulu on May 4, 2020.

Filmography
 Invocation: Maya Deren (1987)
 The Hero's Journey: The World of Joseph Campbell (1987)
 Dance and Myth - The World of Jean Erdman (1990)

Awards and nominations
Awards
 1972: Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreography  - The Two Gentlemen of Verona
 1963: Obie Award - Special Citation - The Coach with the Six Insides
 1963: Vernon Rice Award for Outstanding Achievement in Theatre - The Coach with the Six Insides
 1993: Heritage Award from the National Dance Association for contributions to dance education
 1995 Sacred Dance Guild Honorary Lifetime Member awarded at Kalani Honua, Big Island Hawaii
Nominations
 1972: Tony Award for Best Choreography - The Two Gentlemen of Verona

References

External links

 Jean Erdman Papers, 1925-2001 - The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Modern Innovator Erdman Honored
The Grande Dame of Dance
Dance: A Survey of Jean Erdman Choreography Since '42 - New York Times
Dance: Jean Erdman's Works at the Open Eye - New York Times

1916 births
2020 deaths
American choreographers
Artists from Honolulu
Artists from New Rochelle, New York
Punahou School alumni
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
American theatre directors
American women theatre directors
American female dancers
Dancers from Hawaii
Modern dancers
Columbia University faculty
Tisch School of the Arts faculty
Drama Desk Award winners
American centenarians
Obie Award recipients
Women centenarians
Burials at Oahu Cemetery

Jean Erdman


Joshua Paul Dallas (born December 18, 1978) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Prince Charming/David Nolan in the ABC television series Once Upon a Time and as Ben Stone in the NBC/Netflix sci-fi drama series Manifest.

Career
After graduation at Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts in England, Dallas joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, and then took part with the Royal National Theatre, English National Opera, the New Shakespeare Company, and the Young Vic.

Returning to the United States, he was cast as Fandral in Thor after Irish actor Stuart Townsend withdrew from the role days before filming was to begin. As he was a virtually unknown actor when cast, there was some speculation that Dallas was selected because there simply was not enough time to find a bigger-name replacement. To prepare for the role, Dallas viewed Errol Flynn as an inspiration (Stan Lee, in 1965, created the character based on Flynn), and watched many of his films. He commented, "I tried to bring out that little bit of Flynn-ness in it. Flynn had a lot of that boyish charm and Fandral's got all that in him." Dallas did not reprise his role in the sequel to Thor. Zachary Levi replaced him in the subsequent two films.

In 2011, he began starring in the ABC series Once Upon a Time as Prince Charming. After six seasons, Dallas did not appear in season 7 in 2017. He returned for its series finale the following year. From 2018 to 2023, he was cast as Ben Stone, in the NBC mystery/drama series Manifest, which premiered on September 24, 2018.

Personal life

Dallas was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He met British actress Lara Pulver in 2003 while working at the Johanna, Windsor. They married in 2007, and were divorced in 2011.

After separating from Pulver, Dallas started dating his Once Upon a Time co-star Ginnifer Goodwin. Dallas and Goodwin became engaged in October 2013, and married on April 12, 2014, in California. They have two sons, born in May 2014 and June 2016

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1978 births
21st-century American male actors
Alumni of the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts
American expatriate male actors in the United Kingdom
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Royal Shakespeare Company members

Josh Dallas


BBC Radio Derby is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of Derbyshire.

It broadcasts on FM, AM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios on St Helens Street in Derby.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 135,000 listeners and a 8.8% share as of September 2023.

Overview

BBC Radio Derby began broadcasting officially on 29 April 1971, though it went on air two months earlier than planned to cover the bankruptcy of the local aero-engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce. The station's logo was a Rams head in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Much of the station's output is speech based, featuring news, sport, weather, travel, interviews, and discussions, mixed in with music and competitions. The station's primary audience is aimed at listeners aged over 45, though the sports and weekend shows attract a greater age range.

BBC Radio Derby Sport broadcasts live match commentaries from local football teams, especially Derby County and Burton Albion. There is also extensive coverage of Derbyshire cricket during the summer.

The station won the prestigious "Station of the Year" award in the category for radio stations that serve between 300,000 and 1 million listeners at the Sony Radio Academy Awards in 2007, 2010 and 2011, becoming the first BBC local radio station to win it three times. Also, in both 2017 and 2009, Radio Derby was named Station of the Year in the BBC local radio station Gillard awards.

Technical

104.5 FM is the primary frequency for BBC Radio Derby, and comes from a 200 ft transmitting mast on Drum Hill, four miles north of the Derby City Centre, the other side of the A38 from Little Eaton, next to a Scout camp. This service used to come from the Sutton Coldfield transmitter. There is a transmitter for the Bakewell and Matlock areas based at Stanton Moor on 95.3 FM, and a relay of that frequency for the Buxton area on 96 FM.

Chesterfield, although located in Derbyshire, is served by BBC Radio Sheffield which has a dedicated relay transmitter in the town. Likewise, the north-western portion of the county taking in Glossop, Chapel-en-le-Frith, and Whaley Bridge, is served by BBC Radio Manchester.

In addition, all of BBC Radio Derby's area is served via its medium wave service on 1116 kHz, which comes from its transmitting mast at Burnaston, just south of the city, close to the Toyota car plant.

The station broadcasts on DAB via the multiplex known as NOW Derbyshire. A local Derbyshire DAB licence was advertised by OFCOM in January 2007, and was awarded to "Now Digital" with an "on air" date originally planned for July 2008, which was delayed until July 2014. The multiplex is transmitted from five transmitter sites; Chesterfield, Drum Hill, Tibshelf, Stanton Moor, and Lichfield. There are also long-term plans for further transmitters at Buxton, Ashbourne, and Glossop.

The station also broadcasts on Freeview TV channel 735 in the BBC East Midlands, BBC West Midlands and BBC Yorkshire regions.

Other Output
BBC Radio Derby also streams online, to internet radios and via BBC Sounds where programmes from the past 28 days are available to listen.

A short news bulletin is available on smart speakers.

The football focused evening programme is available as a podcast called 'Rams Daily'.

News items, videos, audio clips and photos are posted on Twitter to the general @BBCDerby account, and on the Facebook page with the same handle. Sports related updates are posted on Twitter to the @BBCDerbySport account.

Programming
Local programming is produced and broadcast from the BBC's Derby studios from 6 am to 10 pm on Sundays to Fridays and from 6 am to 6 pm and 8 pm to 10 pm on Saturdays.

Off-peak programming, including the late show from 10 pm to 1 am, originates from BBC Radio WM (Monday to Thursday) and BBC Radio Nottingham (Friday to Sunday).

During the station's downtime, BBC Radio Derby simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio London.

Presenters

Notable former presenters

Colin Bloomfield
Mike Carey
Terry Christian
Ross Fletcher
Phil Trow (now at BBC Radio Manchester)
James Whale (now at Talkradio)
Alastair Yates

Branding
The station's jingles have varied greatly over the years as trends in music and technology have changed; indeed, the jingle that plays prior to every hourly news bulletin (one of a new batch of tunes introduced in January 2017), features the slogan, On Radio, TV and Mobile - this is BBC Radio Derby; a reflection of the different ways in which the station's output can be heard these days. In the mid-1980s, the station's slogan was "Rise and shine on 269!"; the '269' referring to the 269 metres wavelength of the 1116 kHz medium wave frequency. This slogan formed the basis of many jingles in this era, but was phased out in the 1990s as FM listening increased. Nowadays, only the actual frequency of the medium wave signal (1116 MW) is mentioned on the station.

From the commencement of the 96 FM frequency for the Buxton area until April 2008, the jingles were provided by Bespoke Music of Penryn, Cornwall (being exactly the same as BBC Radio Wiltshire). From 2008 to 2011, jingles were provided by Wise Buddah Productions of London. Then there were Mcasso jingles from 2011 until 2020. Currently, jingles are provided by Reelworld.

Colin Bloomfield Sun Meter

On 3 June 2016, Radio Derby unveiled the UK's first public UV meter in Markeaton Park. It was a joint venture with the charity Skcin and was paid for with proceeds from the Colin Bloomfield Melanoma Appeal. Later in the year, a second meter was unveiled in Long Eaton's West Park.

Money Mountain appeals
From 1983 until 2008, BBC Radio Derby held its annual 'Money Mountain' event. In later years this took place on the second Sunday of October; however it was originally held over the course of the entire weekend, and was presented from a marquee in the station's car park. This idea was abandoned a few years prior to the event's demise and all presenting took place inside the station building itself.

The idea of the event was to support local charities with donations from listeners. The day commenced with 'Dial a Hymn'; where listeners dedicated hymns to loved ones in exchange for a donation. This was followed at 9 am by an on-air auction which lasted until late in the evening. Lots typically consisted services by local companies (such as car valeting) and unique items (such as signed celebrity photographs, behind-the-scenes tours and home-made products).

In 2004, the amount of money raised over the years passed the one million pound mark. The person who pledged the bid to surpass this figure was rewarded with a cut glass trophy.

The 2008 auction was to be the last. Twenty-five years had passed since the first auction, and it was decided for the event to "go out on a high" in the anniversary year. The final lot was to win the actual gavel used during the auction over the years. This raised £350; the final total for the 2008 auction was £20,951.31, bringing the grand total over the twenty-five years to £1,121,010.31.

References

External links

 BBC Radio Derby

Derby
Radio stations in Derbyshire
Mass media in Derby

BBC Radio Derby


A cult film or cult movie, also called a cult classic, is a movie that has a cult following. Cult movies are known for their devoted, passionate fanbase. It may have an elaborate subculture that may do repeated viewings, quoting dialogue, and audience participation.

Examples
 A Clockwork Orange
 Apocalypse Now
 Back to the Future trilogy
 Big Trouble in Little China
 The Birds
 Blade Runner
 The Black Cauldron
 The Blues Brothers
 The Bodyguard
 Casablanca
 Citizen Kane
 Dirty Dancing
 Enemy Mine
 Ferris Bueller's Day Off
 Fight Club
 Ghost
 Godfather trilogy
 Gone with the Wind
 Harry Potter movie series
 The Hobbit trilogy
 Plan 9 from Outer Space
 Pulp Fiction
 Showgirls
 The Sound of Music
 Stargate
 Star Trek movie series
 Star Wars
 Taxi Driver
 The Lord of the Rings trilogy
 The Thing
 Trainspotting
 Waterworld

References

Popular culture

Movies

Cult movie


Sara Sant'Ambrogio (born 1962) is an American cellist best known as a member of the Eroica Trio.

She was born in Boston and began her studies with her father, John Sant'Ambrogio, principal cellist with the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra. She was invited to study with David Soyer at the Curtis Institute of Music at the age of 16.  Three years later, Leonard Rose invited her to study at the Juilliard School of Music. She immediately won the Juilliard Schumann Concerto competition and was featured in a Lincoln Center concert.

Her career began when she won the bronze medal at the 1986 International Tchaikovsky Violoncello Competition in Moscow and was invited to play at Carnegie Hall. This recital aired nationally on CBS. Since then she has appeared as a soloist with the Atlanta, Boston Pops, Chicago, Dallas, Moscow State Philharmonic, Century Orchestra Osaka, St. Louis, San Francisco, Vienna Symphony, Royal Philharmonic and Seattle orchestras, in addition to touring and recording 9 CDs with the Eroica Trio on EMI and 4 solo CDs for Sebastian Records. She has performed at many festivals including Aspen, Marlboro, Ravinia, Great Mountain, Mostly Mozart and Hollywood Bowl and was featured in 7 sold out concerts of the Bach Cello Suites with the New York City Ballet. She has performed with singers STING, Rufus Wainwright and Angela McCluskey and has recorded with rock group VAST.  Tracks from her solo CD Dreaming were featured on the soundtracks for the documentary "Jones Beach Boys", the HBO documentary "A Matter of Taste," and "Kiss The Water." She won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Composition for Bernstein Arias and Barcarolles on Koch Records. The Eroica Trio's first CD won NPR's Best Debut Recording and their second CD was nominated for 2 Grammy Awards. The Eroica Trio won the Naumburg Competition in 1991.

She has premiered works by several contemporary composers, including recording the Bruce Wolosoff Cello Concerto with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Michael Bacon Cello Concerto with the Oklahoma City Philharmonic, the double concerto Romeo and Juliet by Daron Hagen, with flutist Jeffrey Khaner and the Albany Symphony Orchestra. She performed and recorded additional works by Bruce Wolosoff for The Montage Music Society's album "Creating Music Inspired by Visual Art," and has a forthcoming album featuring two Wolosoff sonatas for Avie Records. She has premiered new triple concertos by American composers Kevin Kaska and Jay Greenberg. Triple Concertos with bandoneon by Emilio Kauderer and Daniel Binelli Trios by Pulitzer Prize–winning composer Kevin Puts and Zhou Tian.

References

External links
Sara Sant'Ambrogio official Web site
Eroica Trio official Web site

Living people
American classical cellists
Juilliard School alumni
American women classical cellists
1962 births
21st-century American women

Sara Sant'Ambrogio


Paio is a traditional embutido sausage of Portugal and Brazil.

Paio is made of pork loin, seasoned with garlic, salt, and Capsicum pepper and smoked.

It is a hard sausage, usually made in a large diameter, and can be sliced and eaten on bread.

In Brazil it is a common ingredient of the bean stew feijoada.

See also
List of sausages

Portuguese sausages
Brazilian cuisine

Paio


Kasetsart University Laboratory School, Center for Educational Research and Development (; ), informally known as Satit Kaset (; ), is a well-known laboratory school in Bangkok, Thailand, operated under the auspices of Kasetsart University's Faculty of Education. The school is located in Bang Khen campus of the university.

Overview
Kasetsart University Laboratory School was established on 22 April 1971 as the field base for the students of the Faculty of Education, under John Dewey's principle "The conception underlying the school is that of a laboratory ... It has two main purposes: (1) to exhibit, test, vertify and criticize theoretical statements and principles, (2) to add to the sum of facts and principles in its special line.". The founder and first principal was Prof. Dr Ubol Reangsuwan.
The school provides elementary, junior, and high school education. It also has the International Program and the Multi-Lingual Program. The enrollment of students is officially done only in Grade 1, but it is known that there are some minor enrollments in Grade 7 and 10. The students with special needs including autism and hyperactivity, are accepted into the special program.

International Program
The International Program of Kasetsart University Laboratory School was first provided in 1994. It was the result of the government's plan to develop the English skill of Thai people. The International Program, sometimes referred as Satit Kaset IP, was the first public international school in Thailand. The program is run in a separate building located in the same campus as the regular program. With the exception of classes such as Thai language, Buddhism (Grades 7-12), Thai Music, D. Skills (Grades 7-12), Chinese (Grades 7-12), HPE or Health and Social Culture (Grades 1-6), all classes are taught in English by native speakers using an American-based curriculum.

Multi-Lingual Program
The Multi-Lingual Program (Thai: โครงการพหุภาษา) was initiated in 2000.  Unlike the IP, subjects in this program are taught in Thai, same as the normal program, but the students of this program have to choose the "third language";Chinese or Japanese, in Grade 4. The program has its own campus in Amatanakorn Industrial Park, Chonburi, 28 kilometers from Si Racha campus of Kasetsart University.

Controversy
The school's grade 1 admission qualification, which is conducted every summer, is problematic. The school indicates in the admission bulletins that 2/5 of the 260 enrollments is from the school's test, along with 2/5 and 1/5 from the university officers quota and "benevolent" parents quota respectively. However, it is widely believed that there are "pulled" students and the real portion of "examination passers" is less than indicated. (Still true in 2016-2017 school year.)

Alumni

Noted alumni include:
Bhumi Jensen, a grandson of King Bhumibol Adulyadej
Khemanit Jamikorn, nicknamed "Pancake", Model of the World 2004 winner, actress
Suppasit Jongcheveevat, nicknamed "Mew",  actor and singer

Miscellaneous
The school adopted the logo of the university, Phra Pirun Song Nak (Thai:พระพิรุณทรงนาค, Varuna on the Naga), as the school emblem. The difference is that the school version does not have the surrounding circle.
The school colors are purple and green. Purple is the color of the university's Faculty of Education, and green is the color of the university.
The school's "purple-skirt" uniform is quite unique and well-known, since most schools in Thailand use blue or black uniform. It also created the nickname Satit Krapong Muang (Thai:สาธิตกระโปรงม่วง, Purple-skirt Satit).
The school is one of the few schools in Thailand to use the term 'laboratory school' in their English name, after John Dewey's laboratory school. The other Satit schools prefer the term 'demonstration school', the direct translation of satit (Thai: สาธิต).
There is also a school in the university's Kamphaeng Saen campus named Kasetsart University Laboratory School Kamphaeng Saen Campus Center for Educational Research and Development. It is up to the Faculty of Education at Kamphaeng Saen and considered different school, despite its connections with the Bang Khen one, similar name, uniforms, emblem, and anthem.

See also
List of schools in Thailand

References

External links
Kasetsart University Laboratory School information in English
Satit Kaset IP
Satit Kaset Alumni Association

Schools in Bangkok
Kasetsart University
Educational institutions established in 1971
Demonstration schools in Thailand
Chatuchak district
1971 establishments in Thailand

Kasetsart University Laboratory School


K: The Art of Love  is a 1999 novel by Hong Ying which was published in 2001 in Taiwan. It is about a fictionalised account between Julian Bell and his married Chinese lover K. The book was banned in China after the daughter of Ling Shuhua sued the author for using her mother's name as K. After a 2002 ruling by a Chinese court, the book was deemed a "defamation of the dead". The author rewrote the book, which was published in 2003 under the title The English Lover.

Plot
Vanessa Bell's son, ambulance driver Julian Bell, was killed in the Spanish Civil War and his body was taken to China. This shocked his married lover Lin Chang who tried to commit suicide multiple times. Their love affair began when Julian was a colleague of Lin's husband, who was a scholar. Julian referred to Lin (his eleventh lover) as "K" which is the eleventh letter of the alphabet. However, the love affair was threatened by betrayal and tragedy.

References

External links
Of Love and Defamation in China

1999 British novels
British erotic novels
20th-century Chinese novels
Chinese erotic novels
Interracial romance novels
Novels set in China
Taiwanese romance novels
Erotic romance novels
Chinese romance novels

K: The Art of Love


The Burgundian language is an Oïl language spoken in Burgundy and particularly in the Morvan area of the region.

Name
It is also known by French names Bourguignon-morvandiau, Bourguignon, and Morvandiau,

Influences
Burgundian has being in contact with Germanic languages in several occasions:
 When the Burgundians arrived to the area.
 When the Low Countries were occupied by the Dukes of Burgundy. In this case, Burgundian entered in contact with Dutch.

The Arpitan language has influenced dialects of the south along the Saône river, such as Brionnais-Charolais.

Literature
Very little literature from before the 19th century has survived. In 1854 the Papal Bull Ineffabilis Deus was translated into two Burgundian dialects:
 the Abbé Jacques-François Baudiau translated it to the Morvan dialect,
 the Abbé Lereuil translated it into the Dijon dialect.

By the end of the 19th century, some writers created an original literature:
 Achille Millien (1838–1927) collected songs from the oral tradition in the Nivernais.
 Louis de Courmont was a chansonnier. After working in Paris, he returned to his native region.
 Emile Blin wrote some stories for tourists. A colleciton of them was published in 1933 under the title Le Patois de Chez Nous.
 Alfred Guillaume published in 1923 a book in Burgundian, L'âme du Morvan.
 Marinette Janvier published Ma grelotterie (1974) and Autour d'un teugnon (1989).

References

Bibliography
Paroles d'oïl, 1994,

Languages of France
Romance languages

Burgundian language (Oïl)


Phillip Elliott Parotti (born May 18, 1941) is an American fiction writer and educator.

Parotti was born in Silver City, New Mexico, the son of Abramo Angelo Parotti, a college professor, and Jerry Ann (née Elliott), a pianist. He married Shirley Brewer in 1964. A former U.S. naval officer, Dr. Parotti was a literature professor at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas, from 1972 until his retirement in 2004, and was the fiction editor of Texas Review from 1976-1984. Besides his novels, he has had short fiction published in a number of periodicals. His three mytho-historical novels, The Greek Generals Talk, The Trojan Generals Talk, and Fires in the Sky, all relate to the Trojan War, and have all been critically well received.

Selected bibliography
The Greek Generals Talk: Memoirs of the Trojan War (1986). Decades after the Trojan War, 12 lesser Greek generals tell their versions of events and comment on the actions of Agamemnon, Achilles, Odysseus and others.
The Trojan Generals Talk: Memoirs of the Greek War (1988). In this deft sequel, 10 less-famous Trojan officers get their chance to tell their stories, and speak freely about Troy's major players, including Hector, Priam, and Polydamas.
Fires in the Sky (1990). This is the story of Dymas, a commoner who rises to high military rank in the years before the Trojan War. Parotti describes Troy as war-weakened and in no condition to withstand the determined Greek siege.

References

Sources
Literature Resource Centre, Sam Houston State University website.

1941 births
Living people
United States Navy officers
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American historical novelists
Cultural depictions of the Trojan War
20th-century American male writers
People from Silver City, New Mexico

Phillip Parotti


Nicholas Sharratt (born in Nottingham) is an English operatic tenor.

Biography

Sharratt studied at the Royal Northern College of Music and the National Opera Studio.

He has performed the title role in Orpheus in the Underworld for Scottish Opera and Ernesto in Don Pasquale for English Touring Opera. Other principal roles have included Nemorino in L'elisir d'amore for Grange Park Opera and Pedrillo in Die Entführung aus dem Serail for Opera North.

In 2012 he played Count Almaviva in The Barber of Seville for English Touring Opera, and created the role of Sam in Ghost Patrol by Stuart MacRae, in a Scottish Opera/Music Theatre Wales production that won the 2013 South Bank Sky Arts Award for Opera.

In 2013 he played Frederic in the Scottish Opera/D'Oyly Carte Opera Company co-production of The Pirates of Penzance

References

Living people
English operatic tenors
21st-century British male opera singers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Nicholas Sharratt


The Fort York Guard is an historical animation unit based at Fort York in downtown Toronto. The Guard recreates the Canadian Regiment of Fencible Infantry, stationed at the fort in 1815.

Several versions of the Guard have existed since it was first created in 1934. The current Fort York Guard is employed by the non-profit organization The Friends of Fort York, and primarily consists of high school and university students from the Greater Toronto Area. The Guard performs in daily music, musket and artillery demonstrations during the summer months.

The Guard operated through the COVID-19 pandemic but was suspended by the City of Toronto in 2022, reportedly in the belief that living history displays perpetuated colonialism, and has not yet been reinstated.

Organization

The Fort York Guard represents the Canadian Regiment of Fencible Infantry, stationed at the fort between February and June 1815, immediately after the War of 1812. Part of the Guard portrays the regiment's Fife and Drum Corps, playing period military music, while the remainder, forming the Squad, represent the rank-and-file of Captain Edward Cartwright's No. 2 (Grenadier) Company. A strong contingent of younger students between the ages of 11 and 16 participate in the Fife and Drums Corps' volunteer program throughout the summer.

The Drums Corps is led by a Drum Major and a Bugle Major, while the Squad is commanded by a Sergeant and Corporal.

Events and programming

The Guard is active daily at the fort throughout July and August, and has performed at numerous events throughout the year across the city and beyond. Their largest events of the summer at Fort York are held on Canada Day and Simcoe Day, the Toronto civic holiday on the first Monday in August.
The Guard annually attends the Fort George Fife and Drum Muster and Soldiers' Field Day in Niagara on the Lake, and frequently emerges as champion of the Drill Competition held between the staff of Ontario's War of 1812 forts.
The Fort York Guard, schedule permitting, also often marches in the Canadian National Exhibition's Warriors' Day Parade.

See also

 Fort Henry Guard

External links
 Fort York Guard
 Interview with Fort York Guard Member

References

History of Toronto
Canadian ceremonial units
Guards regiments
1934 establishments in Ontario
Military units and formations established in 1934

Fort York Guard


The shoelace knot, or bow knot, is commonly used for tying shoelaces and bow ties.

The shoelace knot is a doubly slipped reef knot formed by joining the ends of whatever is being tied with a half hitch, folding each of the exposed ends into a loop (bight) and joining the loops with a second half hitch. The size of the loops and the length of the exposed ends are adjusted when the knot is tied. It has the stability of the reef knot but is significantly easier to untie, simply by pulling the ends away from the center of the knot.

The loops are sometimes referred to as "bunny ears", especially when the knot is taught to children.

Techniques
There are several ways to tie a shoelace knot; each starts with the tying of a half hitch, and requires attention or some habitual mechanism for arriving at a knot that is an elaboration of the reef (or square) knot rather than of the granny (or lubber's) knot. If the bow is horizontal across the opening the bow is correctly and securely tied, but if vertical is likely to slip. One approach is to start by taking, in each hand, the end of the lace that emerges from the uppermost eyelet on that hand's side of the shoe; then passing the dominant hand's end under the other end, from front toward back, and dropping each lace on the opposite side from where it started; and in the finishing step again grasping the lace on each side with the hand on that side (perhaps taking time to note that because each end crossed over the shoe before, the laces have switched handsor vice versa, the hands have switched laces) and again passing the dominant hand's end under the other end, from front toward back.
 The simplest approach to describe is to also form a loop by bending each lace end back toward the closest part of the same lace, then join the two loops in another half hitch, in the second passing-back-under described before these bullet points.
 Another common procedure (especially for bow ties) is to form a loop at one of the ends of the initial half-hitch, and circle it with the other end, which is simultaneously folded into a second loop that is then pushed through the knot.
 The quickest approach is said to be one involving making one loop between the thumb and forefinger of each hand, and pulling each loop through the other; speed probably requires acquisition of muscle memory via repetition that is guided by a sequence of images.

More secure shoe-tying knots
A variation of the procedure involves looping the top part of the knot twice instead of once, resulting in a finished bow of almost identical appearance but with the laces wrapped twice around the middle. This Double Slip Knot holds the shoelaces more securely tied while still allowing them to be untied with a (slightly firmer) pull on the loose end(s). One variation, the subject of a U.S. patent, begins with a surgeon knot and has an upper double slip knot on top of that. Lace locking can be added for additional security.

A less secure shoe-tying knot
Tying two consecutive right-over-left half knots (or two consecutive left-over-right half knots) produces, instead of a square-knot-like bow-knot, a much less secure version corresponding to the granny knot. This version will also produce asymmetrical slips; one pointing down, the other up.

The corset bow
Just as it is possible to stack a number of half hitches to create a longer knotremembering the reverse direction each timewhich is equivalent to tying one reef knot on top of another, so bows which need to reduce long lengths, such as corset tapes, can be tied on top of each other, slipping every other layer.

References

External links
 How to tie a shoelace bow at Animated Knots.

Binding knots

Shoelace knot


The Wakker Prize (German: Wakkerpreis, French: Prix Wakker, Italian: Premio Wakker) is awarded annually by the Swiss Heritage Society to a Municipality of Switzerland for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.

At the beginning, the prize honoured municipalities which did special needs for preservation of the old towns. Recently, the prize also honours municipalities that develop their townscapes on a specific leading point. This might be an estimated use of an old industrial facility or a successful combination between old and new basic structure of a building.

In 2005, the prize was given to the Swiss Federal Railways, rather than a municipality, because of the jubilee of the Swiss Heritage Society.

The prize is named for Henri-Louis Wakker, a banker and benefactor of the Swiss Heritage Society.

Criteria
To get this prize, municipalities have to follow the named criteria:
 A visible, qualitative development and upgrading of townscape in a contemporary manner.
 To be respectful towards with old settlement pattern.
 An active input for above-average architectural quality, due to a good example of the municipality.
 The current place-planning prefers the development of the prize.
 At the end are following issues important for the overall assessment, protection of the area, sustainability, traffic planning and residential quality.

Prize winners

References

External links
 Patrimoine suisse: Prix Wakker

Architecture awards
History awards
Swiss awards

Wakker Prize


Ultra Software Corporation was a shell corporation and publishing label created in 1988 as a subsidiary of Konami of America, in an effort to get around Nintendo of America's strict licensing rules in place at the time for the North American market. One of these rules was that a third-party company could only publish up to five games per year for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US.  This was hardly convenient for Konami, which had begun releasing more than ten games a year for both the Famicom and its Disk System add-on in Japan. With a greater library than it was allowed to localize, Konami formed the Ultra Games brand to extend its annual library to ten games a year.

Ultra's first NES game was Metal Gear. At first, Ultra was dedicated to localizing Konami's pre-existing software from Japan, but later it began publishing works from other companies as well. Some of Konami's most notable games released under the Ultra label include Operation C, Snake's Revenge and the first few Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles games for the NES and Game Boy. The IBM PC and Commodore 64 conversions of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Metal Gear were also published under the Ultra branding.

After the North American launch of the Super NES in 1991, Nintendo started relaxing the restriction on the number of games third parties could publish each year. As a result, Ultra Games began losing its purpose and Konami dropped the label in early 1992. The last games released by Ultra Games were Ultra Golf and World Circuit Series, both released in March 1992.

In Europe, Konami established the Palcom Software Limited subsidiary for similar purposes. Its library was relatively similar to Ultra's but the company also published games that were not released in North America, notably Road Fighter, Parodius and Crackout. Palcom also released Super NES games that were published in America by Konami itself. In contrast, some games that were released under the Ultra name in North America, such as Metal Gear and Snake's Revenge, were published under the regular Konami brand in Europe. The European subsidiary lasted longer than Ultra Games, until it was closed down in early 1994.

Games published

All games were developed by Konami, except where noted.

Ultra Games

NES
 Metal Gear (June 1988)
 Skate or Die! (December 1988)
 Gyruss (February 1989)
 Q*bert (February 1989)
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (June 1989)
 Defender of the Crown (July 1989; developed by Beam Software)
 Silent Service (December 1989; developed by Rare)
 Kings of the Beach (January 1990)
 Snake's Revenge (April 1990)
 Mission: Impossible (September 1990)
 RollerGames (September 1990)
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game (December 1990)
 Ski or Die (February 1991)
 Base Wars (June 1991)
 Pirates! (October 1991; developed by Rare)
 Nightshade (January 1992; developed by Beam Software)
 Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (February 1992; developed by Interplay)

Game Boy
 Motocross Maniacs (January 1990)
 Nemesis (April 1990)
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan (August 1990)
 Quarth (December 1990)
 Operation C (February 1991)
 Blades of Steel (August 1991)
 Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (February 1992; developed by Visual Concepts)
 Ultra Golf (March 1992)
 World Circuit Series (March 1992)

IBM PC (DOS)
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1989; developed by Unlimited Software)
 Metal Gear (August 1990; developed by Banana Development)

Commodore 64
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990; developed by Unlimited Software)
 Metal Gear (1990; developed by Unlimited Software)

Palcom Software

NES
 Skate or Die! (August 1990)
 Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (August 1990)
 Crackout (1991)
 Pirates! (October 1991; developed by Rare)
 Defender of the Crown (July 1991; developed by Beam Software)
 Mission: Impossible (November 1991)
 Ski or Die (October 1991)
 Monster in My Pocket (1992)
 Parodius (1992)
 Road Fighter (1992)
 Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (December 1992)
 Formula 1 Sensation (1993)
 Rackets & Rivals (1993)
 Bucky O'Hare (December 1993)

Game Boy
 Blades of Steel (1991)
 Skate or Die: Bad 'N Rad (1991)
 Probotector (May 1992)
 Parodius (1992)
 Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (1993; developed by Visual Concepts)
 Zen: Intergalactic Ninja (1993)

Super NES
 Cybernator (1993; developed by NCS Corporation)
 Pop'n TwinBee (1993)
 Sunset Riders (December 1993)

See also
 Konami

References

External links
 Ultra Games profile on MobyGames
 Palcom profile on MobyGames

Konami
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Video game companies established in 1988
Video game companies disestablished in 1992
1988 establishments in Illinois
1992 disestablishments in Illinois
Defunct companies based in Illinois
Video game publishers
American companies established in 1988
American companies disestablished in 1992

Ultra Games


The Stolen Children () is a 1992 Italian film directed by Gianni Amelio. The film was selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 65th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Plot
11-year-old Rosetta and 9-year old Luciano live with their mother in the housing projects of Milan. Internal migrants from Sicily, they face prejudice in their adopted city. Their mother is unemployed and their father has long since abandoned them. For the past two years, the mother has hired her daughter out as a prostitute. The authorities raid the place and arrest the mother and a client. The children are destined to be sent to a Catholic orphanage in Civitavecchia, near Rome. Two carabinieri, the rookie Antonio and an older man named Grignani are assigned the thankless task of escorting the children there by train. Grignani walks out on Antonio at Bologna, leaving Antonio to complete the task alone.

The children are unruly, often fighting or running off in different directions. Luciano is sickly, doesn't eat much and rarely speaks. Rosetta is cynical, rebellious and manipulative. When they arrive at the orphanage, the priest in charge tells Antonio that the children cannot stay because Rosetta's medical record is missing. Antonio suspects that they are using this as a pretext because of her background as a prostitute.

Antonio calls Grignani at the number he provided and explains the situation, but Grignani is no help. Rather than contact his superiors for further instructions and expose his partner's misconduct, Antonio naively decides to take matters into his own hands and bring the children to another institute in their native Sicily. His plan immediately runs into problems when Luciano has an asthma attack on the way to the train station, causing them to miss the train. They spend an awkward night at the bachelor pad of a carabiniere acquaintance of Antonio's.

After a long train and coach journey, the trio arrive unannounced at Antonio's sister's home in Calabria, which doubles as a restaurant. There they celebrate a young girl's First Communion. Antonio tells his family that Rosetta and Luciano are the children of one of his superiors. Given a stylish age-appropriate summer dress to wear, Rosetta plays and socializes with other girls her age, while Luciano is befriended by Antonio's grandmother, who gives him a photo of a six-year-old Antonio in a Zorro costume. Their fun, however, is short-lived as one of the guests at the party recognizes Rosetta from an article in a tabloid magazine and exposes her past to the other guests. Rosetta, humiliated and ashamed, dashes from the house. Antonio runs after her and comforts her, saying the woman is an idiot and it doesn't matter what she thinks. Antonio has cracked through Rosetta's tough exterior and now feels a genuine sense of compassion for her and her brother, rather than a simple sense of duty.

Antonio, who has acquired an old Fiat 128, agrees to remove Rosetta from the place immediately, and drives them to the ferry terminal at the Strait of Messina. On the ferry, he finally has a conversation with Luciano. Rather than driving directly to the orphanage in Gela, he takes another detour, taking them to a cheap hotel near Marina di Ragusa where he rents two adjoining rooms.

The next day, they visit the beach, where he teaches Luciano to swim, forming a close bond with him. There, they meet two young French women, who take a liking to Rosetta. The five of them drive to Noto and visit the Noto Cathedral. One of the tourists gives Rosetta her camera, which is then snatched from her. Antonio chases down the thief and arrests him, taking him to the local Carabiniere station.

At the station, one of the tourists learns of the background of the children, and insensitively talks about it with her friend. When Rosetta overhears the word "prostitute" her friendly demeanour towards the women instantly disappears. Antonio is accused of kidnapping and abusing the children, and failure to follow orders. He is forced to hand in his warrant card pending a court martial. After several hours they are all released.

Antonio drives the children to Gela late into the night. Upset at the probable loss of his career, he says very little during the journey. Having nearly reached their final destination, Antonio pulls over to an abandoned block where all three of them fall asleep in the car. The children wake up at early dawn, and walk off to the side of the road, where they sit together and talk about their future in the orphanage.

Cast
 Enrico Lo Verso - Antonio
 Valentina Scalici - Rosetta
 Giuseppe Ieracitano - Luciano
 Florence Darel - Martine
 Marina Golovine - Nathalie
 Fabio Alessandrini - Grignani
 Agostino Zumbo - Priest
 Vitalba Andrea - Antonio's Sister
 Massimo De Lorenzo - Papaleo
 Celeste Brancato - Girl at Dinner
 Vincenzo Peluso - Carabiniere
 Santo Santonocito - Carabiniere
 Renato Carpentieri - Chief of Police
 Maria Pia Di Giovanni - Mother of Rosetta and Luciano
 Lello Serao - Arrested Man

Production
The producers originally wanted to cast Antonio Banderas in the lead role, with Enrico Lo Verso's southern Italian accent dubbed over, but director Gianni Amelio insisted that Lo Verso was perfect for the role. Influenced by the Italian neorealist cinematic tradition, Amelio cast non-actors for the majority of the roles, including the two child leads. Adding to the sense of authenticity, all filming was done on location. Principal photography began on May 6, 1991, and ended on September 12, 1991.

The Italian title Il ladro di bambini literally translates as "The child thief", an ironic reference to the fact that in taking the children on an unauthorised journey, Antonio has technically kidnapped them. It is also a nod to Vittorio de Sica's neorealist classic Ladri di biciclette.

Reception
The film was number one at the Italian box office for seven weeks and grossed $7.5 million. In the United States and Canada it grossed nearly $1 million. It received almost universal critical acclaim; Roger Ebert gave it 4 stars out of 4, saying "Here is a movie with the spontaneity of life; watching it is like living it." In the 2012 Sight & Sound poll of the greatest films of all time, Cineaste'''s Gary Crowdus included Il ladro di bambini'' in his top 10 list.

Awards
 1992 Cannes Film Festival - Grand Prize of the Jury, Prize of the Ecumenical Jury
 European Film Awards - Best Film
 6 David di Donatello - Best Film, Best Director, Best Producer, Best Editing, Best Music, Special David for their child acting (Giuseppe Ieracitano & Valentina Scalici )
 2 Nastro d'Argento - Best Director, Best Screenplay
 The film was nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics.

See also
 List of submissions to the 65th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Italian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

1992 films
1990s drama road movies
Italian drama road movies
1990s Italian-language films
Films about child abuse
European Film Awards winners (films)
Films set in Milan
Films set in Calabria
Films set in Sicily
Films directed by Gianni Amelio
The Samuel Goldwyn Company films
1992 drama films
Cannes Grand Prix winners

The Stolen Children


The Fina-Sport was an American automobile manufactured from 1953 until 1954.  The brainchild of Perry Fina, it used a  Cadillac V-8 engine and Hydramatic transmission mounted on a Ford chassis. Styling of both convertibles and hardtops was by Vignale.

References
David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles.

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States

Fina-Sport


Nina Bara (born Frances Joan Baur on May 3, 1920, died August 15, 1990) was an American actress who performed in films, on television, and on old-time radio. Bara is best known for her role as "Tonga" in the 1950s TV series Space Patrol.

Early years
The daughter of an Italian mother and an American father, George Baur, Bara was born in Buenos Aires.
She was educated in Germany, Austria, and Italy.

Film
While acting in The Gay Senorita (1945), Bara helped Brooklyn-born Adele Jergens adopt a Latin accent for her role in that film. Concurrently, Bara worked to lose her own accent to make herself acceptable for a wider range of roles. Her other films included Visa and Carnival in Rio. The former Space Patrol actress also had roles in numerous motion pictures for Columbia, MGM, Universal, 20th Century-Fox and Monogram Studios.

Radio and television
On radio, Bara portrayed Tonga, "...a former alien villain turned Space Patrol ally." in Space Patrol. She also was heard on Tell It Again, Mr. President and The Adventures of Bill Lance. She also appeared on Retribution, and Meet the Missus. She had the same Tonga role on the TV version of Space Patrol, which began as a local program on KECA in Los Angeles and later was carried on ABC. In 1954, after she had left Space Patrol, Bara filed suit for invasion of privacy and breach of contract against the producers of the program and other parties. The suit alleged that kinescopes of the program were released without her consent. It also asked for an injunction to prevent use of her likeness on cereal boxes and toys.

In the mid-1950s, Bara was co-host of Familiar Faces, a game show on KABC-TV in Los Angeles.

In addition to co-starring in Personal Appearance Theater for ABC-TV, Bara was also the featured comedienne with the Allan Young Show in guest spots and participated in several Life with Elizabeth films for Guild Films.

Bara appeared as "Miss EMMY" for the Award Presentation of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences on February 18, 1952 and also appeared on a number of telethons during the 1950s."

Personal life
On July 10, 1952, Bara married Robert B. Sheldon, an assistant television director. On July 14, 1956, she married Richard Winslow Johnson, a musician. They separated on May 4, 1957, and divorced on April 14, 1958.

Later years
In the early 1960s, Bara made the dean's honor list at Los Angeles City College, where she majored in psychology. After leaving show business in the 1960s, she perused a second career as a librarian, earning a master's degree in library science at USC and then established a corporate library at Blue Cross of Southern California, after retiring there in 1985 she worked as a substitute in the city library system.

Death
On August 15, 1990, Bara died of cancer at Glendale Adventist Medical Center. She was 70.

References

1990 deaths
American film actresses
American radio actresses
American television actresses
20th-century American actresses
1920 births
Argentine emigrants to the United States
Argentine expatriates in Germany
Argentine expatriates in Austria
Argentine expatriates in Italy

Nina Bara


A fact is an occurrence in the real world.

Fact or Facts may also refer to:

Basic uses
 Fact (law), a statement which is found to be true after hearing evidence
 Fact (data warehouse), a value or measurement, which represents a fact about the managed entity or system
 Fact, a verifiable and objective observation in science
 Fact, a true proposition or something that makes a proposition true in philosophy; see truthmaker

Literature
 Fact (UK magazine), an online music magazine
 Fact (US magazine), a former American publication that commented on controversial topics
 Fact, a left-wing British magazine edited by Raymond Postgate
 "Facts", a poem by Lewis Carroll

Music
 Fact (band), a Japanese post-hardcore band
 Fact (album), the self-titled album of Japanese post-hardcore band Fact
 "Facts" (song), a 2015 song by Kanye West
 "Facts", a song by H.E.R. from the album H.E.R.
 "Facts", a song by Lecrae from the album All Things Work Together

See also
 FACT (disambiguation) (including FACTS)

Fact (disambiguation)


In music, a call and response is a series of two parts usually played or sung by different musicians.  The second part is heard as a comment about or an answer to what the first has sung. This mimics or makes fun of how people talk back and forth to each other. Call and response uses the simple musical form of a verse and then a chorus used in many cultures or traditions. These songs are usually energetic and fun to listen to.

Popular music
Call and response singing is common in modern Western popular music. This is because of the influence of African music.  Some cross-over rhythm and blues, jazz, soul, rock 'n' roll and rock music have a call and response style, as well.

One of the best known is the song "Ooh Poo Pah Doo", written and first recorded by Jessie Hill. The song is said to be "a nonsensical yet rollicking call-and-response workout that perfectly captures the energy of French Quarter life", by a reviewer for Allmusic. The song is so popular, it has over 100 cover versions recorded and performed live over the years by other popular musicians.

Other popular examples are The Who's song "My Generation, from the album of the same name", and "Black Dog" by Led Zeppelin.

Folk music
Call and response is common in folk and choral singing of many people, especially in African musical cultures. In the West, it is most often seen in African-American work songs, military marches, and  Québecois folk songs. The style is also used in dance-songs of various European countries including France (particularly Brittany) and the Faroe Islands.

In Cuban music and other latin music genres such as salsa, call and response between the lead singer and the chorus is called coro-pregón.

Example
A singer makes a musical statement, and then the musical chorus answers together. American bluesman Muddy Waters uses call and response in one of his best known songs, "Mannish Boy". The entire song is almost entirely leader/chorus call and response.

 CALL: Waters' vocal: "Now when I was a young boy"
 RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)
 CALL: Waters': "At the age of 5"
 RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)

Related pages
 Origins of the blues
 Polyrhythm
 Samba
 Afro-Haitian
 Rhythm game

References

Other websites
 Call and Response:  Phrasing Ideas for Creating Memorable Guitar Solos
Gospel Music History  - Gospel Music Encyclopedia citing the origins of the different types of call and response and different gospel music style

Musical terminology
Music genres

Call and response (music)


Norman Roy Blackwell, Baron Blackwell (born 29 July 1952) is a British former businessman, public servant, Conservative politician, campaigner and policy advisor.

Early life

The son of Albert and Frances Blackwell, he was educated first at Latymer Upper School, and as a Junior Exhibitioner at The Royal Academy of Music in London, and then graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge with a master of arts in natural sciences in 1973. He then obtained a Thouron Award to study at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated with a master of business administration in 1975, and then in 1976 with a doctor of philosophy in finance and economics.

Career

Business and commerce employment

Upon leaving academia Norman commenced employment in 1976 with The Plessey Company, a British-based international electronics, defence and telecommunications company, where he was involved with strategic planning. In 1978 he moved to McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting and from where, in 1986, he was seconded to work, until 1987, for the Conservative government of the United Kingdom. Back at McKinsey's, Blackwell was made a partner in 1984 and he remained with the firm until 1995, when a second spell working for a British Conservative Government commenced. That administration's defeat in the 1997 general election saw him again take up private sector employment with National Westminster Bank as director of group development between 1997 and 2000. The new millennium witnessed a change in employment opportunities and he began a new phase in his career as a non-executive director and advisor appointed to a number of public listed companies.

Current directorships

Non-executive director, Lloyds Banking Group plc and at Lloyds Bank Plc since 1 June 2012 and Chairman from April 2014.
He was appointed chairman of both Scottish Widows Group Ltd (insurance subsidiary of Lloyds Banking Group plc) and Scottish Widows plc on 1 September 2012, but stepped down on becoming chairman of parent company Lloyds Banking Group on 3 April 2014.

Emoluments – business and commerce employment

Lord Blackwell received remuneration of £755,000 as Chairman of Lloyds Banking Group, as detailed in the 2018 annual report. He had no other remunerated employment.

Past directorship and advisor roles

Chairman, Interserve plc, a global support services group since 1 January 2006, having initially joined the board in September 2005. After nine years as Interserve chairman, Lord Blackwell stepped down in early 2016 and was replaced by Glyn Barker.

Non-executive director, Halma plc, which provides specialist technologies for safety, health and environmental protection) since 29 July 2010. He stepped down in 2014, and was replaced by Paul Walker.

Blackwell was a special advisor to KPMG, within its corporate finance division, between 2000 and 2008 his role was reported by the Financial News as being "to assist the firm in the development of its corporate finance business with big corporates".

He became non-executive chairman of Akers Biosciences Inc on 8 May 2002, ahead of its stock market listing on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange on 22 May 2002, yet resigned from the board on 28 March 2003, little more than 10 months later.

He served as senior independent non-executive director at Corporate Services Group Plc, a recruitment and employment agency, from December 2000 to 9 June 2006. and as a non-executive director of Dixons Group, a consumer electronics retailer, from 2000 to 2003 He was appointed non-executive director at SEGRO Plc, a property investment and development company which later became a real estate investment trust (REIT), from 1 April 2001 to 29 April 2010 and was senior independent director from 2005 Blackwell became non-executive chairman of Smartstream Technologies Ltd, a financial transaction management business, in 2001 a position he held until 2005 He served as a non-executive director of Standard Life Plc from 6 June 2003 to 25 May 2012. and as senior independent director from 2008 until May 2012.

Government and politics

From 1986 to 1987 Norman Blackwell was a member of Margaret Thatcher's Prime Minister's Policy Unit. He then returned to 10 Downing Street serving as head of the Prime Minister's Policy Unit under the government of John Major from 1995 to 1997, where he coordinated domestic policy development across government departments.

Peerage

On 2 October 1997, he was created a life peer as Baron Blackwell, of Woodcote in the County of Surrey. The honour was bestowed upon him as part of the 1997 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours which marked the May 1997 resignation of Prime Minister John Major, following the Conservative party's defeat in the 1997 general election. He sits in the House of Lords as a lord temporal for the Conservatives.

Parliamentary committees

As of 4 April 2013 the United Kingdom Parliament listed Lord Blackwell's participation in the following committees:

Public policy think tank

In 1983 Blackwell co-authored a pamphlet for the Bow Group the oldest conservative think tank in the United Kingdom.
From 2000 to 2012, he was a non-executive board member of the British centre-right policy think tank the Centre for Policy Studies (CPS), whose goal is to promote coherent and practical public policy, to roll back the state, reform public services, support communities, and challenge threats to Britain's independence. Although identified as non-partisan, the Centre has strong historical links to the Conservative Party. He served as chairman of the CPS between 2000 and 2009.

Campaign group

The campaign group Global Vision was launched in March 2007 by Lord Blackwell and Ruth Lea. It purported to be "completely independent and non-partisan." Its website gives its aims as being; "to create a campaign which would offer a refreshing, forward and outward looking alternative to the existing polarised choices of going along with the full European project or pulling out and breaking all ties with our European neighbours. By advocating this middle way, Global Vision promotes a constructive new relationship between the UK and Europe based on free trade and mutually beneficial cooperation, whilst opting out of the process of political and economic integration."

Lord Blackwell published the research paper, "A Blueprint for Renegotiating The UK's EU Relationship" for the campaign. The paper sets out an agenda to safeguard UK powers or, repatriate EU powers in the following areas: foreign and defence policy, legal and judicial, legislative and regulatory, European Court of Justice, EU programmes, trade policy, and free market, so as to create a new relationship between Britain and the EU.

Public service

Current ministerial appointment

Office of Communications

Norman Blackwell was appointed a non-executive board member for The Office of Communications (), commonly known as Ofcom, initially for a three-year term, from 1 September 2009. He was subsequently reappointed to serve a second three-year term but stepped down in 2014.

Ofcom is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom. He was a member of the Ofcom Content Board, Nominations Committee and Remuneration Committee. He had special non-executive responsibility for postal regulation.

Emoluments – public service appointments

Lord Blackwell received the following emoluments for his public service role in 2010:

[a] for 1–2 days per week

Past ministerial appointments

Office of Fair Trading

Norman Blackwell served as a non-executive board member for the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) from 1 April 2003 initially for a five-year term, that was subsequently extended upon expiry for a further two years, up to 31 March 2010.

The OFT is a non-ministerial government department of the United Kingdom, which enforces both consumer protection and competition law, acting as the UK's economic regulator. The OFT's goal is to make markets work well for consumers, ensuring vigorous competition between fair-dealing businesses and prohibiting unfair practices such as rogue trading, scams and cartels.

During the period when Lord Blackwell served as a non-executive director of the OFT a company where, at the time, he was also chairman, Interserve plc, became subject to an investigation by the OFT into tender activity in the construction industry prior to him joining the Interserve Board. The investigation was described by the OFT as "one of the largest ever Competition Act investigations". Interserve were found to have engaged in illegal anti-competitive bid rigging activities and were fined a sum of £11,634,750.

Postal Services Commission

Lord Blackwell served as a commissioner of Postcomm, the Postal Services Commission a non-ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom charged with overseeing the quality and universal service of post in the United Kingdom. Postcomm was merged into the communications regulator Ofcom on 1 October 2011.

Personal life

He married Brenda Clucas; they have three sons and two daughters. Blackwell owns properties in London and Surrey let on assured short hold tenancies, owned jointly with his wife. Blackwell's recreations, as listed in Debretts  People of Today, are: classical music, walking, gardening. He is a Trustee of the Royal Academy of Music.

Arms

Publications

Lord Blackwell has published the following public policy pamphlets:

References

Further reading

1952 births
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Living people
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
People educated at Latymer Upper School
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
British chairpersons of corporations
Chairmen of Lloyds Banking Group

Norman Blackwell, Baron Blackwell