The University of Yemen is a private university based in Yemen. It was established in 2008 and officially registered with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research under the Decree No. 1683. Academically, the university relies on the semester-based academic system and the academic programs contain various applied and theoretical disciplines under which a number of advanced research centers are affiliated.

Libraries

University of Yemen has general library and digital library, making up the main nerve of the academic and learning disciplines of the university. The libraries provide students, faculties, employees and other members of the community with easy access to its location and holdings. Its collections include books, periodicals, manuscripts, government publications, academic theses, dissertations, press clippings, audio-visual and electronic media.

Community services

Since its inception, University of Yemen has always given special attention to providing community service in the field of medical, education, health awareness services. Field visits in preventive  campaigns and organizing seminars on Thalassemia, nutrition and medicine and providing strategic planning and leadership skills are among the few examples of the university's community involvement.

Scientific research

The University of Yemen recognizes the crucial role of the scientific research in developing human potential in Yemen.  For this importance,  the university established a special centre for scientific research which underlines the emphasis and focus on conducting and publishing studies, organizing conferences and seminars, and analysing statistics. The centre of scientific research established a Unit of Pharmaceutical Research and Studies, which underlines the emphasis on the effective contribution in the field of technical pharmaceutical research, studies and consultations to innovate, produce and develop medicines that match the requirements of community development in the pharmaceutical industry as one of the strategic industries through the university's scientific and academic contributions in this respect.

Sources

1.	http://p.oasyemen.net/portal/universities.php

2.	http://www.aaru.edu.jo/Lists/ArabUniversities/Universities.aspx?Title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86

3.	http://www.aaru.edu.jo/Lists/ArabUniversities/Universities.aspx?Title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86

4.	https://www.4icu.org/reviews/17019.htm

5.	http://www.yemen-nic.info/sectors/education/#3

6.	http://www.yemenindex.net/77.html

7.	https://www.4icu.org/ye/

Sanaa
Science and Technology
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 establishments in Yemen

Yemen University


Theobald I (, ; 30 May 1201 – 8 July 1253), also called the Troubadour and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne (as Theobald IV) from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He initiated the Barons' Crusade, was famous as a trouvère, and was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre.

Rule of Champagne

Regency of Champagne
Born in Troyes, he was the son of Theobald III of Champagne and Blanche of Navarre, the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre. His father died less than a week before he was born, and Blanche ruled the county as regent until Theobald turned twenty-one in 1222. He was a notable trouvère, and many of his songs have survived, including some with music.

The first half of Theobald's life was plagued by a number of difficulties. His uncle, Count Henry II, had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald's father died. Further, Theobald's right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, Count of Ramerupt, and one of the more powerful nobles of Champagne.

The conflict with Erard and Philippa broke into open warfare in 1215 as the Champagne War of Succession, and was not resolved until after Theobald came of age in 1222. At that time he bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment. Some years later, in 1234, he had to spend still more to buy off Philippa's elder sister Alice, Queen of Cyprus. The settlement of 1222 did not end Theobald's problems, for in the following years he antagonized Louis VIII.

Conflict with the crown

Once he came of age Theobald personal rule was initially marked by a series of difficulties.

Theobald IV came into conflict with Louis VIII of France (1223–26) over the restrictive policies the new king tried to enforce on Jews in France.  In his Etablissement sur les Juifs of November 8, 1223, Louis VIII declared that interest on Jews' debts should no longer hold good (though at the same time it also ordered that the capital should be repaid to the Jews in three years), that the debts due the Jews should be inscribed and placed under the control of their lords. The lords then collected the debts for the Jews, doubtless receiving a commission.  Twenty-six barons accepted Louis VIII's new measures, but Theobald IV did not, since he had an agreement with the Jews that guaranteed their safety in return for extra income through taxation.  Theobald IV and his mother had relied on this extra income during the Succession War of his minority.  Champagne's capital at Troyes was where Rashi had lived a century before, and Champagne continued to have a prosperous Jewish population.  Theobald IV's refusal to enact Louis VIII's new antagonistic policies towards the Jews enlarged a growing feud between the two men.

During the siege of Avignon in 1226, part of the Albigensian Crusade, due to his disagreements with the king, Theobald IV performed only the minimum service of 40 days and then went home.  Louis VIII died of dysentery soon after he left, leading some to accuse Theobald IV of treachery.  At the death of Louis VIII, Theobald's political situation was difficult: he had abandoned the king in his campaigns, there were rumors that he had poisoned him, and he was barred from the coronation of Louis IX (his mother Blanche went instead). At the beginning of the regency of Blanche of Castile, he abandoned a conspiracy against the French king, which also included Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter I of Brittany, and cemented a strong relation with the regent.

Strong rumors began to spread that Theobald IV was having an affair with Louis VIII's widow, the regent Blanche of Castile, for whom he composed a poetic homage. Queen Blanche and Theobald IV's father Theobald III were both grandchildren of Eleanor of Aquitaine.  The first chronicler to report the rumors about a love affair between Theobald and Blanche was Roger of Wendover. Wendover claims that Theobald, "tormented by passion" for the queen, tried to poison King Louis VIII at the siege of Avignon. Matthew Paris adds a story that the French nobles goaded the young King Louis IX to challenge Theobald to a duel to avenge his father's death, but that Blanche put a stop to the duel.  Theobald IV was becoming increasingly influential at court, and the other great counts of France were becoming resentful. It is possible that the rumors of an affair with the queen were indeed unfounded, and merely fabricated by other barons jealous of his position at court.  In general, the other barons were jealous of the strengthened County of Champagne which had emerged from the Succession War, and now presented a major rival to surrounding areas.

Whatever the case, the resentful other barons invaded Champagne from 1229-1230.  Ironically, the alliances in the invasion were reversed from the arrangement they had been in during the Succession War:  Count Henry II of Bar attacked Champagne from the east, prompting Theobald IV to ally with Lorraine to attack the County of Bar.  Simon of Joinville, who had fought for the rebel faction during the Succession War, now allied with Theobald IV against the external threat, and aided him in ravaging Bar, which was on the northern border of Joinville's own lands.  The conflict with the County of Bar prompted the more powerful Duchy of Burgundy to invade Champagne from the south, led by Duke Hugh IV (his father Odo III, Blanche of Navarre's staunch ally, had died in 1218).  This provoked Queen Blanche to intervene, in order to stop the spread of the conflict.

Theobald IV was able to repulse the attackers, but at great cost.  Champagne's economy was so depleted by these two major wars, as well as the crusading debts of Theobald IV's father and uncle, that Theobald IV had to sell off his overlordship of the counties west of Paris that his ancestors held before expanding east to Champagne:  Blois, Sancerre, and Chateaudun.  Another major blow to morale came near the start of the invasion of 1229, when Blanche of Navarre died (of natural causes) while in retirement at Argensolles convent.  Moreover, Theobald IV's second wife Agnes of Beaujeu suddenly died in 1231, leaving Theobald IV with only their five-year-old daughter, Blanche.  This left Champagne in need of a male heir, prompting Theobald IV to remarry in 1232 to Margaret of Bourbon.  The situation reached its nadir in 1233, when Henry II's elder daughter Queen Alice of Cyprus threatened to reprise the succession war of Theobald IV's minority yet again.  Theobald IV was able to pay off Alice to make her abandon her claim, but this massive expenditure left him even further in debt.

Rule of Navarre
Theobald succeeded his uncle Sancho VII of Navarre as King of Navarre. Theobald was in Pamplona at the time of Sancho's death and he immediately affirmed the fueros of the realm. This greatly increased his resources (not to mention his prestige), and the remaining years of his rule were far more peaceful and prosperous.  The lords and barons of Northern France who had been in conflict with Theobald IV in 1229 left him in peace, realizing that as the new king of Navarre, his position was too strong to challenge.

Domestic and foreign policy
As king, Theobald sealed pacts with the Crown of Castile and that of Aragon, and the Kingdom of England. He entrusted most of the government to nobles of Champagne and divided Navarre into four new districts based on fiscal functions and maintenance of public order. He began the codification of the law in the Cartulario Magno and set down on paper the Navarrese traditions known as the Fuero General, not systematically recorded until that time and kept up following Basque traditions in use on the different districts of the kingdom.

In order to gain the support of Castile, he had his daughter Blanche engaged to the future Alfonso X. By the marriage pact, Ferdinand III of León offered the lands of Guipúzcoa as long as Theobald lived, but not those of Álava to which the Navarrese monarchs had long laid claim. But with Guipúzcoa he would have attained direct access to the Cantabrian Sea. This alliance was never effected, however, as it would have meant the incorporation of Navarre as a feudum of Castile. The next year, Theobald engaged his daughter to John I, Duke of Brittany, the son of his close crusading ally Peter of Dreux.

Barons' Crusade
It was in 1239 that Theobald directed a crusading host to the Holy Land. Militarily, the Barons' Crusade was not glorious, but it led to several diplomatic successes. He spent much time dallying at pleasant Acre (where he wrote a poem to his wife) before moving on Ascalon, where he began the construction of a castle. Whilst marching the crusader army to Ascalon, a contingent of 400 knights led by Hugh of Burgundy, Henry of Bar, and Amaury of Montfort chose to engage Muslim forces at Gaza. The contingent was defeated before Theobald's forces arrived to rescue them.

Theobald negotiated with the Ayyubids of Damascus and Egypt, who were at odds with each other at the time, finalizing a treaty with the former (in the north) against the latter (in the south) whereby the Kingdom of Jerusalem regained Jerusalem itself, plus Bethlehem, Nazareth, and most of the region of Galilee with many Templar castles, such as Belfort and Saphet. He also negotiated a truce with the Egyptians. Some contemporary sources even imply that the whole of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean was put back in crusader hands.

It is debatable how much of the ultimate success of the crusade (the most successful since the First in territorial terms) was attributable to Theobald's intentions and how much was just fortuitous. He returned from Palestine late in 1240, before Richard of Cornwall arrived, because he did not wish to be present during any more debating over the leadership and direction of the enterprise. Souvenirs that he brought back to Europe included the rose called "Provins" (Latin name rosa gallica 'officinalis', the Apothecary's Rose) from Damascus, transporting it "in his helmet"; a piece of the true cross; and perhaps the Chardonnay grape which in modern times is an important component of champagne.

Conflict with Church and final years

Theobald spent most of the remainder of his reign travelling back and forth between Navarre and Champagne. He was at odds with the bishop of Pamplona, Pedro Jiménez de Gazólaz, who held a provincial synod in 1250 to excommunicate him. He refused to respond to papal tribunals, but Pope Innocent IV conceded him the privilege of kings: nobody could excommunicate him save the Holy See. Theobald died at Pamplona, on a return from one of his many visits to Champagne. He was buried in the Cathedral of Pamplona. He was succeeded first by his elder son Theobald II and then by his younger son Henry I.

Marriages and issue
Theobald married three times. He married Gertrude of Dagsburg in 1220, and divorced her two years later when he came of age. They had no children.

Secondly, in 1222, he married Agnes of Beaujeu. The marriage produced at least one child:
Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany

Agnes died in 1231. Theobald married thirdly to Margaret of Bourbon. Theobald and Margaret had six children:
Eleanor (born 1233, died young)
Peter (died young)
Margaret, in 1255 married to Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine
Theobald II of Navarre, married Isabella, daughter of Louis IX of France
Beatrix, married Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
Henry I of Navarre, married Blanche of Artois

Theobald had at least two daughters out of wedlock.

With an unknown mistress, he had Agnes, who married Álvar Pérez de Azagra, 4th Lord of Albarracín.

With Marquesa López de Rada, daughter of Lope Díaz de Rada and Brunisende of Narbonne, he had Marquesa Gil de Rada, who married Pedro Fernández, baron of Hijar, illegitimate son of king Jaime I of Aragon.

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1201 births
1253 deaths
13th-century Navarrese monarchs
13th-century peers of France
People from Troyes
Counts of Champagne
Theobald I of Navarre
Christians of the Barons' Crusade
House of Blois
People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Male classical composers
Burials at Pamplona Cathedral

Theobald I of Navarre


Gang of Pusi i Mezinit () was a criminal group with activities throughout southern Albania. Origin of the members of this band was from across the south of the country. Most of them had been imprisoned during the communist regime for crimes. Called by his nickname "The strongest of the South", this band had as main rival Coles gang led by Zani Çaushi. Banda was the well to Brother ardent supporter of the Democratic Party, and apparently this caused even their elimination.

Levan Massacre

Levan massacre occurred on 28 March 1997, and was the bloodiest clash of the riots of 1997. In this violent crash were killed 24 people, 18 white and 6 Roma. The clash took place between Gang of Pusi i Mezinit and the roma residents of the village of Levan in Fier. The whole Gang of Pusi i Mezinit was eliminated during the collision.

According to the police, gang members had recently escaped from prison and missed out on the opening of the military depots and were short of weapons. They went to Levan to take Kalashnikovs from roma villagers, because they believed the roma had too many. The gang members had been celebrating the release from prison at "Klubi i Ilias" in Fier and after consuming large amounts of alcohol went to a bar in Levan and over drinks demanded from the local roma leader one Kalashnikov for each of their gang members. The roma leader explained that the roma had only one Kalashnikov per person and had turned in all the extras at the police station in Fier. Arguments followed and the gang members shot and killed the roma leader and began shooting other roma customers in the bar. Local Roma villagers quickly surrounded the bar and demanded the gang's surrender. Even though they were drunk and poorly armed, the gang continued shooting from inside until they ran out of ammunition. Only three gang members who were sober enough were able to escape. All the remaining gang members were executed by the roma in fear of revenge.

Only ten days later, seven young roma were massacred near Tepelena in retaliation by friends of the gang. One month later Levan was attacked with heavy artillery by gangs from Vlora and drive by shootings from the Vlore-Fier road became frequent in Levan. Roma started organizing their own defense, however several roma have left Levan since then and moved to Tirana and Durrës.

Trap charges
Former bodyguard of Sali Berisha, and the organiser of the coup of 14 September 1998, Izet Haxhia accused Agim Shehu and the director of the Vlora Police Station during 1997, Milto Kordha (located in his office illegally Rescue Committee) that have raised the trap band of Vlora:
Members of that gang were some of the strongest of those years as Tit Saleci, Felja and members of the Mukaj family in Vlora. Most of them were former prisoners and supported the Democratic Party and had thought that on 28 March 1997, there would be a gathering of the Salvation Committee, and decided to go South and kill all the participants along with Zani Çaushin, their protector. At this moment comes into play Agim Shehu and Milto Kordha. They were the ones who assaulted them, and weren't killed by the Roma.

References

Masakra më e madhe e vitit 1997, rihapet dosja
Gazeta Tema :Të vërtetat e vitit 1997
Top Channel :Viti 1997
Albanian Civil War
1997 in Albania
Albanian Mafia
Gangs in Albania

Gang of Pusi i Mezinit


Elaan (Translation: Declaration) is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film. Elaan is a mission film about five characters and their plan against one man. Produced by Ganesh Jain and Ratan Jai, written and directed by Vikram Bhatt, the film stars John Abraham, Arjun Rampal, Rahul Khanna, Lara Dutta, Mithun Chakraborty, Amisha Patel.

Plot
Modern-day secular India is held at ransom by powerful criminal Baba Sikander (Mithun Chakraborty) and his brothers, Aftab (Milind Gunaji) and Sameer (Prithvi Zutshi). They begin by demanding money from wealthy businessmen; when their victims refuse to pay, they are killed.

One of their victims is Kantilal Shah, a rich businessman, Karan Shah (Rahul Khanna) is Kantilal's adopted son. He was a mere canteen boy who was spotted and adopted by Kantilal while trying to secretly listen to a board-room discussion. He gained his father's trust over the years and was gradually given the responsibility of running the family business, much to the chagrin of his step-sister, Anjali. Upon hearing that his father's life is in danger, Karan returns from America and convinces his father not to give in to the extortionist's demands and instead ask him to provide that amount to his past victims and their families. Kantilal agrees. Then five days later, a day after his birthday, Kantilal is gunned down in the elevator along with four of his bodyguards. Anjali openly renounces Karan and asks him not to participate in her father's funeral. A shocked and devastated Karan announces to Baba that he will apprehend and bring him to justice in India, no matter where he had to look.

However, Karan finds out that Baba is hiding in Italy, which does not have an extradition treaty with India. Thus, unable to take any legal action, Karan recruits some mercenaries to go with him to Italy and help him bring Baba back to India. The first man he chooses is a suspended former police inspector, Arjun Srivastav (Arjun Rampal), who had located and brutally killed his then pregnant wife's assailants on his own and now lives as a single parent with his school-going daughter. After some persuasion from Karan and his daughter alike, Arjun agrees.

Arjun recommends that the second man involved be Abhimanyu (John Abraham), who is currently in Vashi Jail and had been Baba's chauffeur and hitman before being framed by Baba and his associates following a failed job. Abhimanyu is rescued in broad daylight by Arjun and his men, who were pretending to be doctors, on the pretext of a medical checkup (The escapade takes place dramatically, in a style adopted from the film Spy Game to spring Elizabeth Hadley (Catherine McCormack) from a Chinese prison.) Arjun and Karan convince Abhimanyu to help them with vital information about Baba and his gang in return for a heavy payment. He reluctantly agrees to do so.

The trio then go to Venice (where Baba is said to be, based on Abhimanyu's information). There, Abhimanyu meets his girlfriend Sonia (Lara Dutta) and tries backing out of the mission by passing of Sonia as Baba's girlfriend who wants a huge amount of money for the information she would supposedly provide. Thus, under this pretext, he double crosses Arjun and Karan, takes the money, and tries escaping with the money along with Sonia. Before he can do so, both he and Sonia are kidnapped by Baba and his men. Priya (Amisha Patel), a press reporter from Aaj Tak, looking for a story on Karan earlier, has followed the two there, using a satellite tracker for mobile phones. She meets them and tells them about Abhimanyu's deceit. Despite this, The three go to rescue Abhimanyu and Sonia, in a lengthy gunfight and high speed car chase. Karan and Arjun are angry at Abhimanyu's betrayal, however the latter apologizes and agrees to help them in return for their saving his life since he intends to settle scores with Salim (Chunky Pandey), one of Baba's trusted aides who had been instrumental in helping Baba set him up. The five then go and apprehend Salim and after some effort, he divulges at gunpoint that Baba is in Munich. Abhimanyu then shoots him for his betrayal. Karan finds Baba in Munich and tells him about Salim's death much to Baba's devastation, reiterating his warning that he would fulfil his promise of bringing the latter back to India at any cost.

In course of time, the group become good friends. Acting on a tip, when they go to Baba's guest house in Munich to catch him red handed, they are fooled and are then surrounded by Baba and his men. A lengthy gunfight follows, in the course of which, Arjun dies while getting into a jeep. Baba now warns Karan to leave him alone and save his own life and that of the others while there is still time. Devastated, Karan feels that bringing the others on the mission was a big mistake, much to Abhimanyu's fury. However he takes a final stand as Priya motivates him not to give up the fight at this point, reasoning that he had always been right, once when he had asked his father not to give in to Baba's demands and even now, when he had decided to gather the group to bring Baba back to India.

Karan and Abhimanyu, now go to apprehend Baba as he leaves the country through the French border. Sonia and Priya alert the French Border Police as France has an extradition treaty with India. The trick works, as Baba is cornered by Karan, Abhimanyu and the French border police just as he is crossing the border. A long and devastating gunfight ensues, at the end of which many of Baba's most trusted aides are killed. Finally, Baba is left alone and stranded after Karan stops Abhimanyu from shooting him, reasoning that the terror Baba inspired in people had to end and this would thus end Baba's life in turn.

Baba is sent to India, sentenced to death and hanged. Karan becomes a national hero for his feat. He reconciles with his sister and finally marries Priya. The couple adopt Arjun's daughter, Ayesha. Abhimanyu and Sonia also get married and settle down in Venice.

Cast
 John Abraham as Abhimanyu Singh
 Arjun Rampal as Arjun Srivastav
 Amisha Patel as Priya Desai
 Rahul Khanna  as Karan Shah
 Lara Dutta as Sonia Singh
 Mithun Chakraborty as Baba Sikander
 Milind Gunaji as Aftab Sikander
 Chunky Pandey as Salim Haji
 Asrani as Kishorilal
 Avtar Gill as Farid Chacha
 Prithvi Zutshi as employee of kantilal shah
 Ritu Shivpuri as Anjali Shah
 Madan Joshi as Kantilal Shah
 Atul Mathur
 Swini Khara as Ayesha Srivastav (Arjun's Daughter)

Soundtrack

Critical response
Namrata Joshi of Outlook India gave the film 1 out of 4, writing: "So terribly infantile and hackneyed that it seems to have been deliberately manufactured for a kindergarten audience." Jaspreet Pandohar of BBC.com gave the film 2 out of 5, writing: "Sadly, the ending is as obvious as the love story sub-plots, and you never really fear the wrath of Sikander, played by 80s Bollywood disco king Chakraborty (India's answer to John Travolta post his Saturday Night Fever heyday). Even Bhatt's execution of Matrix-style action scenes and overuse of hapless goons is predictable. What could have been a stylish vendetta flick turns out to be 'time pass' - Indian slang for average." Merril Diniz of Rediff.com wrote: "If you're a die-hard John Abraham fan, then go ahead and watch the film because he looks like a million bucks and delivers a good performance. But there's not much else to hold your interest for three whole hours."

References

External links

2005 films
Films scored by Anu Malik
2000s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Vikram Bhatt

Elaan (2005 film)


The collier USS Proteus (AC-9) was laid down on 31 October 1911, by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, and launched on 14 September 1912. She was the lead ship of her class of four colliers. She was commissioned on 9 July 1913, to the United States Navy.

Service history
Following her fitting out and shakedown, Proteus steamed out of Norfolk, Virginia on 11 November 1913, on the first of four runs to Veracruz to coal battleships and cruisers of the Atlantic Fleet off Mexico. On 17 December 1914, Proteus left Hampton Roads carrying men, fuel, and stores to the Philippines. She completed the final of four such runs on 4 August of that year.

Sailing again from Norfolk on 25 September 1914, Proteus supplied coal, oil, men and stores for ships of the Atlantic Fleet at Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo. Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transport Service, she operated between Norfolk, Boston and New York City for the next several years.

Proteus set forth from New York on 14 July 1918, for the British Isles, returning to Hampton Roads on 19 September. She left again on Christmas Eve of 1918 for Brest, France, and spent the next six months shipping coal from Cardiff and Barry, Wales, to Brest.

Proteus returned to Norfolk on 6 August 1919, and during the greater part of the next three years cruised from Norfolk to replenish the Fleet in the Caribbean.

In the aftermath of World War I, Proteus cruised from Norfolk to replenish the U.S. Fleet in the Caribbean. Crossing the Panama Canal four times, she delivered fuel and stores to Pearl Harbor in 1920, and to Callao, Peru in 1921.

Her last supply run to the Caribbean ended at Hampton Roads on 12 April 1923. Proteus spent the remainder of her career in operations between Norfolk and Melville, Rhode Island.

She decommissioned at Norfolk on 25 March 1924 and remained inactive until her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 5 December 1940. She was sold to Saguenay Terminals Ltd. of Montreal, Quebec on 8 March 1941 and thereafter operated in the Canadian Merchant Navy under the command of Master Walter Henry Millar.

Loss at sea
Proteus was lost at sea to an unknown cause sometime after 23 November 1941. There are no German U-boat claims for this vessel. One suggestion, having no supporting documentation, is that the vessel's disappearance can be attributed to the Bermuda Triangle.

A memorial listing of her crew can be found at the CWGC Halifax Memorial. A Canadian website suggests Proteuss possible fate as having foundered in heavy seas on 25 November 1941 somewhere in the Caribbean Sea with the loss of all of her 58 crewmembers.

Two of Proteuss three sister-ships,  and , also vanished without a trace in the Bermuda Triangle area while doing similar duty during World War I and World War II, respectively, but confer the statement above concerning the so-called Bermuda Triangle. Her third sister-ship, , was converted into the very first U.S aircraft carrier and renamed . Langley was scuttled after being severely damaged by Japanese aircraft during World War II.

References

External links
 Photo from 1919

Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
World War I auxiliary ships of the United States
Missing ships
Bermuda Triangle
1912 ships
Proteus-class colliers
Colliers of the United States Navy
Warships lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in November 1941
World War II merchant ships of Canada
Fleet of the Canadian Merchant Navy

USS Proteus (AC-9)


In biology, a strain is a low-level taxonomic rank below the rank of species. This is seen in microbiology where strains are got from a single cell colony, and are quarantined by being in a Petri dish. Strains are also commonly referred to in virology, in horticulture, and with rodents used in experimental studies.

Microbiology/Virology
A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, that is to say a virus or bacterium or fungus. For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. Properly speaking, bacteria, archaea and viruses do not have species, because they do not have eukaryote-type sexual reproduction. Bacteria do exchange DNA, but they may exchange it between different kinds of bacteria, which shows their difference from eukaryotes. Strains are therefore an essential part of bacterial identification.

Plants
In botany, the term is not used to rank plants. It is sometimes used to refer to all the descendants produced from a common ancestor that share a uniform morphological or physiological character. A strain is a designated group of offspring that have descended from a modified plant, produced ether by conventional breeding or by biotechnological means or result from genetic mutation.

For example, some rice strains are made by inserting new genetic material into a rice plant, all the descendants of the genetically modified rice plant are a strain with a unique genetic code that is passed on to later generations. The strain designation, a number or a formal name, covers all the plants that descend from the originally modified plant. The rice plants in the strain can be breed to other rice strains or cultivars, and if desirable plants are produced, these are further breed to stabilize the desirable traits; the stabilized plants that can be propagated and come true, are given a cultivar name and released into production to be used by farmers.

Rodents
A mouse or a rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. Strains are used in laboratory experiments. Mouse strains can be inbred or genetically engineered, while rat strains are usually produced by inbreeding.

Other websites
International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Rat strain index

References

rank32
Classical genetics

Strain (biology)


Edward James Kenway is a fictional character in Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed video game franchise. He was introduced as a supporting character in Assassin's Creed: Forsaken, a companion novel to the 2012 video game Assassin's Creed III. He subsequently appeared as the protagonist of the 2013 video game, Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, and its novelization, Assassin's Creed: Black Flag. In the former, he is portrayed by Welsh actor Matt Ryan through performance capture. Since Black Flag's release, the character has made further appearances in several other works within the franchise.

Within the series' alternate historical setting, Edward was born in 1693 into a family of Welsh farmers, but his ambitions to improve his lifestyle eventually prompt him to become a privateer and later a pirate, operating in the Caribbean during the final decades of the Golden Age of Piracy. During this time, he plays an important role in the establishment of a short-lived Pirate Republic, and inadvertently becomes caught in the conflict between the Assassin Brotherhood (inspired by the real-life Order of Assassins) and the Templar Order (inspired by the Knights Templar military order). Initially helping both sides for personal gain, he eventually has a change of heart and joins the Assassins following his retirement from piracy. Later in life, he settles down in London, becoming one of the co-leaders of the local branch of the Brotherhood, until his murder by the Templars in 1735. Edward is the father of Haytham Kenway, who would go on to become a high-ranking Templar and the main antagonist of Assassin's Creed III; the grandfather of Ratonhnhaké꞉ton / Connor, Haytham's son and the protagonist of Assassin's Creed III; and an ancestor of Desmond Miles, the protagonist of the modern-day sequences of the first five main games in the series.

Edward has received a positive reception for his charm and characterization as a morally ambiguous protagonist and self-made man and is considered to be one of the series' most popular characters. Various merchandise for the character, as with other of the series' protagonists, has been released.

Creation and development
The lead scriptwriter for Black Flag, Darby McDevitt, observed that previous series protagonists have joined the Assassin Brotherhood without much deliberation, often as part of a coming of age moment, as their personal goals are already naturally aligned with that of the organization's. For Black Flag, the developmental team wanted to explore the Assassins' tenets, their "creed", from a new perspective. The idea of a talented and shrewd pirate, a cynical and jaded man who comes into contact with the Assassins, was mooted and proposed as the protagonist who presents this different point of view and who may not share the Assassins' worldview or adherence to a higher purpose or ideal. The whole thrust of the story then became a constant conflict within Edward over the very idea of the Creed, even as he co-opts some of the Assassins' methods and tactics for his personal gain.

McDevitt explained that Black Flag is at its core a story of immorality and repentance, and Edward Kenway is a married man whose strained relationship with his wife is one of the central struggles in the game. McDewitt describe Edward as a "raucous and bawdy chap" who also has a few significant close relationships with other women in the story, and that his primary motivation in Black Flag is to get rich and prove himself a "man of quality' to his family and betters". As for his personality, McDevitt said Edward "is a pirate who yearns for freedom much like the Assassins do, but loathes the sense of responsibility that a truly functional freedom requires" and that the narrative intends to explore "at what point would Edward realize his brand of freedom is too chaotic to function for very long." McDevitt compared Edward to his grandson Ratonhnhaké꞉ton, better known as Connor, the protagonist of Black Flag's antecedent Assassin's Creed III, and described his character arc as a counterpoint in someway.

Portrayal

Edward Kenway is voiced by Matt Ryan, who also portrayed the character in a motion capture studio. McDevitt admitted that the character and his back story became far more influenced by the culture of Wales than he had originally intended; the developmental team only decided to build their story around a Welsh pirate when they cast Ryan as the voice and image of the character. McDevitt originally envisioned Edward to hail from an English port town like Bristol, Portsmouth, or Manchester, but deliberately left his background blank prior to the finalization of the casting process because he wanted to draw from whichever actor was chosen. McDevitt praised Ryan for the charisma and the personality he brought to the character, but recalled that he initially read his lines in a West County accent. Ryan was then asked to speak in his natural Welsh accent, which ultimately prompted McDevitt to finalize Edward as a Welsh character from Swansea, which matches his actor's cultural background. McDevitt consulted Ryan's father for ideas as he wanted to include some colloquial Welsh phrases into the game's dialogue.

Ryan noted that unlike the majority of the game's cast of characters who are fictionalized versions of historical figures, Edward is an original character. To prepare for the role, Ryan was asked to read books recommended by McDevitt as part of their research of the time period, as the game's developmental team wanted to avoid the usual tropes and archetypes associated with the depiction of piracy in popular fiction.

Appearances

Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag
In Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, the player experiences Edward's life and exploits in the West Indies and the western African coast as part of a simulation played by a silent protagonist who works as a research analyst at Abstergo Entertainment, a corporate front of the Templar Order in the modern era. Abstergo is interested in Edward's memories because of his involvement with both Assassins and Templars during the Golden Age of Piracy, as well as his pursuit of the Observatory, an ancient site built by the First Civilization.

The game's backstory establishes that Edward comes from a low socio-economic background and married a wealthy girl named Caroline Scott, though their relationship became strained over time due to Edward's ambitious dreams of earning a fortune as a privateer. After Caroline eventually lost faith in him and left, Edward decided to pursue his dream and traveled to the Caribbean, where he quickly turned to piracy. He also befriended a number of fellow pirates including Blackbeard, Benjamin Hornigold, Charles Vane and Mary Read, and helped them establish an independent Pirate Republic in Nassau.

In 1715, Edward inadvertently becomes caught in the Assassin-Templar conflict after killing a rogue Assassin, Duncan Walpole, who planned to defect to the Templars. Impersonating Walpole, Edward attends a Templar meeting in Havana, where he learns that the Caribbean Templars, led by Laureano de Torres y Ayala, seek the Observatory, which will allow them to rule the world from the shadows. Mistakenly believing the Observatory to be housing a vast treasure, Edward decides to seek out Bartholomew Roberts, the only man who knows its location. During his search, Edward is introduced to the Assassins by Mary, revealed to be an Assassin herself, who tries to push Edward to abandon his selfish ways and join the Brotherhood. He also witnesses the collapse of the Pirate Republic due to an ideological split between its leaders, and the deaths of most of his friends over the following years.

Edward eventually secures an alliance with Roberts, who takes him to the Observatory, revealed to be a surveillance facility. However, Roberts then betrays Edward and turns him over to the British authorities, who imprison him in Kingston, Jamaica. Edward escapes with the help of Ah Tabai, the Assassin Mentor, and has a change of heart after witnessing Mary's death, deciding to join the Assassins in her honor. After assassinating Roberts and the Templars to prevent them from misusing the Observatory, Edward receives a letter informing him of Caroline's passing and the existence of his hitherto unknown daughter, Jennifer Scott. Wishing to make amends for his past actions, Edward retires from piracy in order to focus on his new Assassin duties and raising Jennifer, and returns to England. Years later, he fathers a second child, Haytham Kenway, and becomes a leader of the British Brotherhood based in London.

Other appearances
Edward's first appearance in the franchise was in the 2012 novel Assassin's Creed: Forsaken by Oliver Bowden, which follows the perspective of his son, Haytham, and recounts the events leading up to Edward's eventual fate. The novel establishes that Edward kept a journal documenting his extensive research on the First Civilization, which was sought by Reginald Birch, his property manager and, secretly, the Grand Master of the British Templars. In 1735, Edward was killed by mercenaries sent by Birch to break into his mansion in Queen Anne's Square and steal his journal. This also allowed Birch to take Haytham under his wing and indoctrinate him into the Templar Order. Although Haytham eventually discovered the truth years later and avenged his father, he chose to stay a Templar.

Edward is also featured in Assassin's Creed: Black Flag, the novelization of the 2013 video game, and Assassin's Creed: Awakening, a non-canonical manga adaptation of the game, written by Takashi Yano and illustrated by Kenji Oiwa. In 2017, Edward appeared in the third issue of the Assassin's Creed: Reflections comic book miniseries, which recounts his encounter with infamous pirate Edward "Ned" Low. He is also the protagonist of the webtoon Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple, which follows his search for Pieces of Eden in Southeast Asia a few years after the events of Black Flag and began publishing in April 2023.

Edward's legacy and his mansion serve as a plot point in the 2015 game Assassin's Creed Syndicate, in which the protagonists search for a Shroud of Eden found by Edward during his travels. He is also featured in Dead Men's Gold, a story arc from the 2018 mobile spin-off game Assassin's Creed: Rebellion, which serves as a prequel to the introduction sequence of Black Flag. Like other series protagonists, Edward's outfit has been an unlockable cosmetic option in most subsequent releases, including the remastered version of Assassin's Creed III, released in 2019.

Outside the Assassin's Creed series, Edward has been referenced in the 2020 game Watch Dogs: Legion, where a statue of the character can be found in an underground Assassin Tomb in London, as part of a non-canonical crossover between the Assassin's Creed and Watch Dogs franchises.

Promotion and merchandise
In conjunction with Ubisoft, Todd McFarlane and his McFarlane Toys Design Group designed a highly detailed, hand-painted, and cold-cast resin limited-edition statue of Edward Kenway. Only one thousand pieces were created and distributed worldwide, and each statue includes a Certificate of Authenticity hand-signed by McFarlane.

Reception

Edward Kenway has been well received by video game journalists, with high placements on several "top character" ranking lists of Assassin's Creed series protagonists. VideoGamer.com ranked him among the best pirates in video games.

Matt Purslow from IGN described Edward as the "true secret weapon" of Black Flag, the central element that binds the game's disparate elements and features together, and argued that it manages to avoid the pitfalls of over-reliance on MacGuffin plot devices like its predecessors due to the narrative focus on Edward's personal journey. He found the character's privateer-turned-pirate background, a chancer looking for profit whose decision to steal the robes of a member of the Assassins sparks his growth from rebel to honorable captain, to be a "fresh perspective to the overarching narrative of the series". Andrei Dobra from Softpedia interpreted McDevitt's statements about Edward in an interview with VG247 as indicative of a belief that the popularity of Black Flag is largely because the character is an unusual protagonist who trumps many established tropes concerning heroes in the franchise. In an article which offers an impression of Assassin's Creed: Valhalla Jordan Ramée from GameSpot reflected on his gameplay experience with Edward in Black Flag fondly, where combat sequences often involved head-on confrontation of foes and that Edward solves many of his problems as a pirate that's making the most of the tools of an Assassin. Evan Stallworth Carr from The Daily Californian found Edward Kenway to be "a deeply interesting character" who displays a "charismatic and outgoing personality" for his pirate persona. On the other hand, Carr opined that he does not fit well into the lore of the series, which in his view ultimately hurt the plot of Black Flag. Stephen Totilo was of the opinion that while the subplot involving the wife he left behind paid off beautifully at its conclusion, Edward is a "forgettable lead" and his character arc is "shallow".

The ending sequence of Black Flag has attracted praise for its depiction of Edward's character development. Tom Phillips from Eurogamer found it to be a "surprisingly mature conclusion for a series all about stabbing people in the neck", as Kenway finally gives up a life of piracy to settle down with his newly discovered daughter, and that it took the entirety of the narrative of Black Flag where his experiences of the deaths of all of his close friends and loved ones lead him to making a sensible decision about his life. Erik Kain from Forbes found the final moments of Black Flag to be "surprisingly beautiful", describing the finale as an "oddly sad and redemptive" contemplation of the character's loss which segues to his conversation with his daughter which is both playful and regretful in tone.

Analysis
Nick Dinicola from Pop Matters found the narrative approach by Black Flag to be interesting, as its lead character does not become an official member of the Brotherhood of Assassins by the ending of the game; instead, the story explores both sides of the long-running Assassin-Templar conflict from the perspective of an indifferent protagonist, and allows players a better sense of the Assassins' code of conduct as Edward gradually becomes sympathetic to their cause and acknowledges that their creed is "the beginning of wisdom." In his paper which examines the representation of female characters in the Assassin's Creed Series published by St. Mary's University of Minnesota, Stephen J. Fishburne described Edward Kenway as "capturing the ideal of masculinity and the self-made man to the greatest extent" amongst other male protagonists in the series, and noted that "the consequences of his irresponsibility are really only felt by those around him" because he is still considered the "hero of Black Flag". In a paper which analyzes the cultural depiction of piracy in video games, Eugen Pfister said the depiction of pirates as rebels but not revolutionaries in Black Flag is historically accurate. Pfister noted that while Edward mostly acts ethically and adheres to his own code of conduct as he tries to do the "right thing", he becomes a "gentleman of fortune" of his own volition in the first place, and that even more importantly, he seeks no redemption for his violent actions when it comes to exploring and hunting for victims. This is reinforced by the game's mechanics, which encourages constant pillaging and raiding of merchant ships to improve the performance of Edward's flagship and offers the character "no incentive to ponder the possibility of becoming an honest man again".

References

External links

Assassin's Creed characters
Fictional blade and dart throwers
Fictional British people in video games
Fictional criminals in video games
Fictional explorers in video games
Fictional knife-fighters
Fictional rope fighters
Fictional murdered people
Fictional characters from the 18th century
Fictional privateers
Fictional pirates in video games
Fictional prison escapees
Fictional sea pirate captains
Fictional swordfighters in video games
Fictional gunfighters in video games
Fictional Welsh people
Male characters in video games
Video game characters introduced in 2012
Fictional musketeers and pistoleers
Fictional nobility
Video game characters with superhuman senses

Edward Kenway


Tuguegarao, officially called the City of Tuguegarao, is a city in the Cagayan Province of Northeastern Philippines. Tuguegarao is the capital and largest city of the Cagayan Province in the Philippines. The city has a population of 170,000 people, making it the most populous city in the Cagayan Province of Northeastern Philippines. The highest temperature recorded in the Philippines was in Tuguegarao, where it hit 42 degrees Celsius back in May 11,1969. The city is surrounded by the Sierra Madre Mountain Range to the right.

History
Tuguegarao was founded in May 9, 1604, and it's cityhood was founded in December 18, 1999. In 1720, Father Antonio Lobato, O.P developed a street network together with the construction of Tuguegarao Cathedral. In 1839, Tuguegarao was transfered from Lal-o as the Manila-Tuguegarao road was opened, which had socio-economic progress. American troops occupied the town in December 12, 1899. Some changes in the city were noticed over the course of provincial administrations. The first provincial capitol was built in 1909. The Cagayan Valley College of Arts and Trades was founded by an American named Claude Andrews. During World War II, the city and its airfield was captured by the Japanese Imperial Army on December 12, 1941, as part of the Japanese invasion of Appari. The city soon became the capital and seat of the regional government of Cagayan Valley back in 1975.

Geography
Tuguegarao's location is in the bottom part of the province. The city is bordered by Iguig at the top; Cagayan River and Solana to the left; and to the right by Peñablanca. The city is almost enclosed by the Cagayan River in the leftwards and downwards part of the city. Small bodies of waters are found in the city. Historically, the residents of this town mainly relied on fishing, farming, and hunting. Additionally, natives have ventured on weaving cloth. The city comprises of forty-nine barangays.

Religion
The dominant religion of Tuguegarao and all the rest of the Philippines is Catholic Christianity, due to the invasion of Spanish people in 1521. The remaining religions are divided with Islam and other Christian groups.

Climate
Tuguegarao experiences a hot climate. The average temperature during March and April is 38 degrees Celsius, one of the highest in the country. On May 11, 1969, the highest temperature in the Philippines was recorded in Tuguegarao at 42 degrees Celsius, beating the previous record of 39 degrees Celsius which was also measured in Tuguegarao in May 1912. The city was tagged as the "Hottest City in the Philippines".

Culture
Every August, an annual festival takes place in Tuguegarao, celebrated in commemoration of the city's patron saint, San Jacinto de Polonia, whose feast day falls on August 16. The main event of the celebration is its opening day. The concept started back in 2014. Other highlights of the weeklong festival include contests, where various schools participate, everyone dressed in colorful costumes and props.

Transportation
Transportation plays a main part in keeping Tuguegarao's economy up and running.

Gallery

Tuguegarao buildings.

Church of San Jacinto in Tuguegarao.

The ruins of Horno in Tuguegarao.

Buntun bridge at nautical twilight.

Tuguegarao Cathedral, the most popular church in Tuguegarao.

Tuguegarao


Will Morgan (born November 1966) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 56B, which includes portions of Dakota County in the southern Twin Cities metropolitan area. He is a physics teacher at Burnsville High School in Burnsville.

Minnesota House of Representatives
Morgan was first elected in 2006, defeating incumbent Republican Rep. Duke Powell. He was re-elected in 2008, but was unseated by Republican Pam Myhra in the 2010 general election.

On November 6, 2012, Morgan defeated Republican challenger Roz Peterson to return to the Legislature.

References

External links

 Rep. Morgan official web page

1966 births
Living people
People from Burnsville, Minnesota
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians

Will Morgan


No-Hearing Hearings (2006) is the title of a study published by Professor Mark P. Denbeaux of the Center for Policy and Research at Seton Hall University School of Law, his son Joshua Denbeaux, and prepared under his supervision by research fellows at the center. It was released on October 17, 2006. It is one of a series of studies on the Guantanamo Bay detention center, the detainees, and government operations that the Center for Policy and Research has prepared based on Department of Defense data.

The study analyzes the Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRT's) for 393 detainees held on Guantánamo Bay from 2004 to 2005. The study is notable as the first documentation that the OARDEC convened multiple Tribunals for some captives when their original Tribunals determined they should not have been classified as enemy combatants. It generally gained a finding of enemy combatant status on the second hearing, but some panels resisted.

The Denbeaux represent two detainees at Guantánamo Bay.

The study
The report was based upon information given by lawyers for 102 Guantanamo detainees and transcripts of the tribunals, which were released by the government under a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit filed by the Associated Press. It analyzes the backgrounds of prisoners at Guantánamo Bay as represented in their files and how the CSRTs determined their status.

Combatant Status Review Tribunals

Following the United States Supreme Court's rulings in Rasul v. Bush (2004) and Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004), in which it held that foreign detainees and United States citizens had the right of habeas corpus to challenge their detention before an impartial tribunal, the Bush administration developed the process of Combatant Status Review Tribunals to serve as tribunals for the detainees. In addition, the process was to fulfill the obligation under Article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention, to determine if persons were prisoners of war or enemy combatants.

The Article says:

Should any doubt arise as to whether persons, having committed a belligerent act and having fallen into the hands of the enemy, belong to any of the categories enumerated in Article 4, such persons shall enjoy the protection of the present Convention until such time as their status has been determined by a competent tribunal.

These hearings were conducted based on the assertion by the Bush administration that detainees in the war in Afghanistan were not eligible for prisoner of war status according to the terms of Article 2 of the GCIII and therefore designated unlawful combatant. The Bush administration had contended that the Taliban was not a legal government of Afghanistan and al-Qaeda was a terrorist organization.

The Combatant Status Review Tribunals were held by the United States Department of Defense between July 8, 2004 through March 29, 2005, to provide an impartial tribunal for detainees to challenge their detention. It was developed as an alternative to detainees' taking habeas corpus petitions through the federal court system. The status of each detainee was reviewed to see if they qualified for detention as an enemy combatant.

In 2006, after the CSRTs were completed, the Center for Policy and Research at Seton Hall University School of Law published No-Hearing Hearings, its review of the process and outcome for detainees based on publicly available materials, some procured under the Associated Press Freedom of Information Act request. The Center study was based on DOD data, some of which was incomplete.

Findings in the 2006 report
No-Hearing Hearings contained the following conclusions:
 The government did not produce any witnesses in any hearing.
 The military denied all detainee requests to inspect the classified evidence against them.
 The military refused all requests for defense witnesses who were not detained at Guantanamo.
 In 74 percent of the cases, the government denied requests to call even those witnesses who were detained at the prison.
 In 91 percent of the hearings, the detainees did not present any evidence.
 In three cases, the panel found that the detainee was "no longer an enemy combatant," but the military convened new, second tribunals that were told to reconsider the evidence and found each of the three to be enemy combatants.

According to the Associated Press, Mark Denbeaux said, "These were not hearings. These were shams;" he called the hearings a show trial.

Comment

With the Military Commissions Act of 2006 in mind, Andrew Cohen, the legal commentator of the Washington Post, stated:

If the actual trials of the detainees are as empty and shallow and pre-ordained as were the Status Review Tribunals there is every reason to be mortified at the prospect -- made real by the legislation -- that the federal courts will be frozen out of vital oversight functions. If a regular trial court proceeding were this shoddy, this unwilling to perform a truth-seeking function, this unable to achieve a fair process, the judge presiding over it would be impeached.

Nat Hentoff opined in the Village Voice that the "conditions of confinement and a total lack of the due process that the Supreme Court ordered in 'Rasul v. Bush' and 'Hamdan v. Rumsfeld'" makes US government officials culpable for war crimes. His article continues:

Co-author Joshua Denbeaux tells me: 'The government's own documents proved that the government's claims that the prisoners were the 'worst of the worst' was a false and shameful public relations ploy ... We hope that our reports will convince Congress to amend the Military Commissions Act and restore federal jurisdiction.' If that happens, the prisoners could contest their conditions of confinement, their imprisonment, and their sentences.

See also
 Agamben, Giorgio, Italian philosopher, known for his work on Homo sacer and the modern state of emergency
 Black sites, where "enemy combatants" are detained in a juridical "no man's land"
 Combatant Status Review Tribunal
 Command responsibility
 Criticisms of the War on Terrorism
 Ex parte Quirin
 Extraordinary rendition
 Franc-tireur
 Irregulars
 Jus ad bellum
 Jus in bello
 Military Commissions Act
 Third Geneva Convention
 Unitary Executive
 Unlawful combatant
 USA PATRIOT Act
 War on Terrorism

References

External links

Emergency laws
Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
Law of war
George W. Bush administration controversies
Counterterrorism in the United States
National security
United States national security policy
Guantanamo Bay captives legal and administrative procedures

No-hearing hearings


Evelyn Walkden (October 1893 - 12 September 1970) was a British politician and trade unionist.

The son of a Lancashire miners' leader, he left school at 12 and fought in the First World War. He became a trade union organiser in 1928. He worked in that role until 1941 when he was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Doncaster, having unsuccessfully contested the seat of Rossendale in 1935 and having been prospective candidate for  West Toxteth in 1939. From 1944 to 1945, he was parliamentary private secretary to the Minister of National Insurance. Re-elected in the 1945 general election, he was appointed parliamentary private secretary to the Minister of Food, and served in this role until 1946. In 1947, during an investigation by the parliamentary Committee of Privileges into claims that Labour members had given information to journalists about confidential meetings of the Labour Party in return for payment, Walkden admitted revealing information to the Evening News. He was found guilty of breach of privilege by the Committee and reprimanded by the Speaker. Another MP, Garry Allighan, was expelled from the House. Still, Walkden was not as he admitted the offence and had paid tax on the money he had been paid. He resigned the party whip and sat as an independent until the 1950 general election, in which he did not stand.

Lord Robens commented after his death that Walkden was "an able Trade Union official and an able Parliamentarian and worked hard to bring about reforms in the rationing systems during the war. He was a thorn in the side of the black marketeers and his activities led to closing many loopholes."

References

 The Times, 14 and 17 September 1970

External links

1893 births
1970 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers-sponsored MPs
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950

Evelyn Walkden


Trapt, stylized as TЯAPT and released in Japan as , is an action video game with strategy game elements by Tecmo for the PlayStation 2. It is part of the Deception series.

The player assumes the role of Princess Allura, who has been framed for the murder of her father, King Olaf. On the night of the King's murder, Allura is accused of killing him by her stepmother, Catalina. With the help of her friend Rachel, Allura is able to escape into a forest. On the run from assassins, she acquires the ability to set a series of traps, which are the only means she has of defending herself from her pursuers.

Gameplay

Players begin by equipping and making traps for Allura to take with her into the game mission. Each mission starts in a specific room, where players can position traps in order to defeat enemies. The traps are classified into three types according to where they can be positioned within the game world (wall, ceiling, and floor). The player is allowed to take up to three traps of each type into a game stage, and additional traps can be obtained by completing the game. Enemies' life bars are shown at the top of the screen, while Allura's life bar and active traps are shown at the bottom left and right respectively. As the player defeats enemies they are rewarded with "warl", the game's currency, which can be used to purchase new traps between missions. Players may also purchase room keys, which allow Allura to access other rooms in the game missions. Apart from the main story missions, the game also includes several "side stories", which are optional missions that give different angles and insights into the game's main story. There are three official endings in the game, and a fourth that is not registered when saved onto the game file.

Apart from regular traps, Trapt introduces "Dark Illusions", which are pre-existing traps found throughout the mansion. Each is located in a different room and has a different effect upon an enemy. Each Dark Illusion requires certain criteria to be fulfilled before activation and can only be used once per level.

Plot

Characters
For the majority of the game, the player controls Allura, the daughter of the recently deceased king. Reina and Millenia, protagonists of the third and second Deception games respectively, are shown as unlockable characters in the game, and Millenia is also included as a boss.

Allura: The heroine of the story and princess of Fronenberg. She is caught up in the plot taking place in the palace, and is forced to flee. After escaping, she enters a mansion where she encounters the Fiend (Malphas), who grants her the power to control traps. The Japanese voiceovers in the game refer to Allura as "Alicia". She is soon revealed to be the half-sister of Rachel, and her father had used Allura as a pawn to awaken Malphas for a resurrection ritual. In the evil and possessed endings, she is either taken in as a servant of Malphas or has her corpse possessed if she is killed by Malphas. In the good ending, she presumably kills him and is made into the new queen of Fronenberg.
Rachel: Allura's maid and close friend. She is responsible for Allura's education and well being. At the end of the game, it is revealed that she is Allura's older half sister who desired to summon Malphas to complete her dead mother's plot of revenge against Olaf for abandoning Rachel's mother. Rachel had learned about the power of Malphas from her mother and after acquiring the powers necessary to summon various traps, became a maid of Allura in order to gain Olaf's trust. In the evil ending, she is murdered by Allura. In the possessed and good endings, if Allura refuses to fight her she is crushed under falling debris. She is successful in summoning Malphas in the latter endings after she injured Allura with a knife, using Allura's spilt blood to summon Malphas. She fights using a dagger and can use Allura's own traps against her due to them sharing Malphas' summoning power. The only difference is that Rachel has no accessory on her arm when she uses her powers.
Catalina: King Olaf's second wife and the secondary antagonist. Olaf's constant longing for his previous wife hurt Catalina's pride as a woman and caused her to harbor a strong resentment towards Allura, who is the daughter of King Olaf's first wife. Catalina has taken advantage of the King, who has become a shadow of his former self, and hatched a plot to stage a coup. In the end, she is killed by Allura after trying to unsuccessfully negate Allura's ability to summon demonic traps.
Jais: A knight of the Fronenberg and deemed the best swordsman in the kingdom. Jais is an orphan and  strives to save orphans like himself, but the kingdom has continued to fall into disorder despite his best efforts. In all three endings, he is the only character who actually survives, but he is confronted and killed by Allura if she decides to retreat. In the good ending, Jais helps Allura escape Malphas' mansion and goes to search for survivors, only to have a demon sneak up on him. His fate afterwards remains uncertain.
Ada: A notorious female thief. Ada's excellent ability with knives led her to work as an assassin. She appears to have been involved in the assassination of the king and there is a lot of mystery surrounding her actions. She is later killed by her brother after he revealed his plans to acquire demonic power for his own purposes.
King Olaf: The recently deceased King of Fronenberg and Allura's father. In order to keep the kingdom balanced, Olaf remarried after the death of his first wife. Both Olaf and Allura were devastated at the death of his first wife. Olaf married Catalina, but never stopped loving his late wife. King Olaf was murdered in front of Catalina, Allura and Rachel, but nobody knows who is responsible for this crime. He is ultimately revealed to be alive and planning on using the powers of Malphas to resurrect his dead wife, only to be betrayed and killed by his general, Hertzog. He is also the father of Rachel, but soon fell in love with Allura's mother and became a target of revenge by Rachel.
Malphas: Also known as "the Fiend", he serves as the primary antagonist of the game. Long ago, he was sealed away by powerful sorcerers in the mansion that Allura enters and grants her the power to create/control traps via a tentacle like bracelet on her arm. With each person Allura kills with her traps, his or her soul is offered to Malphas so that he can use their souls to materialize once again. Malphas appears in two forms, with his first form being a pale human dressed in a black robe, and his demonic form being a red humanoid with spiked red hair and ornate decorations and blades sticking out of his body. In both the evil and possessed endings, Malphas is successful at bringing Allura to his side (possessing her corpse in the possessed ending and using her as a follower in the evil ending), but he is ultimately killed in the good ending, furiously shouting how it is both the end of the world and of his own existence. It is still unclear whether Allura's efforts were enough to kill Malphas, as a demon servant was shown sneaking up on Jais in the good ending.

Development
Producer Keisuke Kikuchi renamed the game Trapt from its original title of Deception 4 because he considered it the first part of a new series.  The development team used existing torture devices and historical items as the basis for the traps found in the game, collecting books and photographs for reference. These traps were modified "so that they would be good for a video game". Most of the traps were generated from the staffs' own ideas, some others were inspired by comic books and films. Two weeks were spent creating an initial pool of 720 trap ideas, after a few days deliberation and examination it was decided that 45 traps would be needed. A number of further screening processes were needed to bring down the total to 45.  Hitoshi Hasegawa (the game's Director of Development and Promotion) stated that the "killer clock" Dark Illusion was inspired by a specific anime, but did not mention its title. The more advanced PlayStation 2 graphics, compared to those of the original PlayStation which previous Deception games were developed for, resulted in some traps being toned down due to them being considered too grotesque.

The developers experienced difficulty in creating the enemies' artificial intelligence, due to each enemy behaving differently depending on their personality. Some characters remember where traps have been placed if they had previously fallen victim to them, and avoid passing through the same location or make "comical moves" to evade them. The team "had a lot of fun tailoring and adjusting the AI to suit these funnier moments." All the characters in the game, including the minor characters that Allura encounters, have background stories. Hasegawa noted that this is "one of the features that the Deception series is renowned for in Japan." The team's purpose for doing so is because they "want the player to defeat their enemies, but to also feel guilty about doing this."

Reception

Trapt received "mixed" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one nine, one eight, and two sevens, for a total of 31 out of 40.

Reviewers generally agreed that the overall content of the game is acceptable, however several issues with technical stability and a poor translation from its original Japanese language reduces its quality. The amount of slowdown (drop in frame rate) caused by activating traps in particular drew criticism from reviewers. Greg Mueller of GameSpot stated, "The frame rate comes grinding to a halt whenever traps are activated." Louis Bedigian of GameZone also noted the slowdown, suggesting that with the already slow pace of gameplay it "could be summed up as being a wait and see RTS". Kristan Reed of Eurogamer said the game suffers from a "rubbish camera system and an all-round feel of technical impoverishment". VideoGamer.com reviewer Tom Orry found the in-game camera "awful" and "by far the biggest problem." Andrew Reiner of Game Informer compared the game to a "Demonic Cut" version of the Christmas movie Home Alone and criticized it for repetition and its limitation in scope, saying, "I enjoyed the Deception series on PSone, but this sequel hasn't made any strides forward.  Inflicting unspeakable pain on mindless video game drones puts you in the shoes of wily Kevin McCallister, but as you'll soon learn, anything that reminds you of Macaulay Culkin is not good."

Despite the technical issues, Trapt was praised for its uniqueness on the PlayStation 2 platform, as well as the game's premise of killing Allura's pursuers, though most reviewers found faults which detracted from their lasting impressions. Chris Roper of IGN commented "death and destruction is always good fun. If that's all [you're] expecting from Trapt, you'll likely have a good time with it." GameSpy's Benjamin Turner found the game to be "a decent execution of a fairly original concept, at least when it's not bombarding the player with questionable movie scenes." 1UP.com writer Richard Li said the game encourages players to find inventive ways to kill enemies, but added "It's fun at first, but its flaws prevent it from being a spectacular and memorable experience."

References

External links
Official website

2005 video games
Action games
Dark fantasy video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Network games
Strategy video games
Tecmo games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video game sequels
Single-player video games

Trapt (video game)


Burnt Woods is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. It is located about  west of Philomath on U.S. Route 20 in the Central Oregon Coast Range near the Tumtum River.

Burnt Woods post office was established in 1919, after the name was chosen from a list of proposed names sent to the Post Office Department. The signs of past forest fires are still evident in the area. Burnt Woods post office closed in 1978.

The community has a store and a café. The store has been operating since the early 1920s. The café was opened in 1925 and has seen several ownership changes since then.

Ellmaker State Wayside is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Burnt Woods, accessed westbound on U.S. Route 20.

References

External links
Historic images of Burnt Woods from Salem Public Library

Unincorporated communities in Lincoln County, Oregon
1919 establishments in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon

Burnt Woods, Oregon


House of Roper is one of the most notable English aristocratic families. The family can be traced back to the year 1066 after the Norman Conquest. They resided in Derbyshire. The family members have held hereditary titles such as Baron of Teynham, Baron Dacre of Glanton, and Viscount of Baltinglass.

Thomas Roper is the first member of the Viscount Baltinglass. He is well remembered for being a soldier and peer. He served as  a member of the English Royal Army during the rule of James I. His Knighthood occurred on 16th September 1603. He became the key leaser of "Herbert Estates" after ascending to the Monastery in the year 1626 and becoming the Viscount Baltinglass in the year 1627.

In England, Baron Dacre became a  British title after its first creation in the year 1321. Lord Hugh Redwald Trevor Roper is one of the most notable titles of Baron Dacre. Lady Alexandra Henrietta Louisa Howard-Johnston, one of the daughters of Field Marshal, was married to Lord Hugh. In the year 1979, Margaret Thatcher, the British prime minister, then recommended the title of a life peer for Lord Trevor Roper. He was presented as Baron Dacre of Glanton to the lords' house in Northumberland County on 27th September 1979.

British titles such as the Baron of Teynham were formed in 1616 in England, and it was presented to Sir John Roper, and his son Roper Christopher became the second holder of the title.  Interestingly his daughter called Elizabeth Roper decided to marry Baron Vaux of Harrowden, who was the third holder of the title and a son of George Vaux. They were blessed with a son whom they named Edward. He became the fourth holder of the Baron Vaux of Harrowden after being married to Elizabeth Howard, who was the daughter of Thomas Howard, the first holder of the title Earl of Suffolk.

The fact that Sir John Roper was the first nobleman to declare the Kingship of James I makes him to be remembered for the brave act which happened after he was knighted in the year 1616, although several sources indicated that he might have been knighted in the year 1587. The same day, Queen Elizabeth was able to ascend to the peerage with the title Lord Teynham.

Notable Members
Lord William Roper is a notable member who was a representative of the house of the lords and a practicing lawyer. He also summed up as an author, philosopher and chancellor to King Henry VII Tudor. There was an existing relationship between Lord William Roper and Sir Thomas More because Thomas's daughter Margaret More was married to William Roper.

Before sir Thomas More's death, he had a close relationship with Lord William Roper. His cause of death was an assassination done by King Henry VIII simply because he failed to convert into the Church of England. Lord William Roper was granted the opportunity to become the Dukedom by King Henry VIII, but he declined with respect to his father-in-law's death and family members. In the year 1616, Lord William Roper and his nephew, John Roper, earned knight honors for their services.

Margaret More also commonly referred to as Margaret Roper and a daughter to Thomas More, is traced back to 1505 and is believed to have met her death in the year 1544. During her tenure, she earned several recognitions, such as being an English translator and author. She was one of the best-educated female learners in the 16th century with notable academic accomplishments and familial devoutness.

History
The Roper family owns several estates around the United Kingdom, such as Candelwick, Trimdon Estates, Galway Estates, Pylewell Park, Bradford, Hyde and Charlton. They also acquired the Kent estates in the 15th century by Lord John Roper while Sir Henry Roper acquired the Galway estates in the 19th century. Other additional estates include; Chestfeild, Modingham, Brambiltighe, Cheselherst, and Saint Dunstans.

Modern House
Henry Francis Roper, who was the 14th Baron of Teynham, inherited John Barnewall Curzon's and estate at Water Perry, Northamptonshire and all his wealth in the year 1788 after his death. John was his cousin; Francis was able to add his name to his Royal license hence joining the House of Curzon and House of Roper, and in his honor, he became the Henry Francis Roper-Curzon. In the modern days, some of his descendants use his names e.g. Harry Roper-Curzon, David Roper-Curzon and John Roper-Curzon.

Present Day
There are many places named after them, such as Roper Street, based in Greenwich's in London. More specifically, it's in the Eltham constituency. Other streets include on in the Heanor's Amber Valley, and the United Kingdom called Roper Avenue. Also Roper road is in England's South East territory known as Canterbury.  Roper Park in Chelsea is named after them.

Family Motto
Their family motto also acted as a court of arms, and it states, "Light to the English, across to the French" (Reaney and Marvin).

References

Baronets
English Barons
English noble families

Roper family


Antje Rávik Strubel, also known as Antje Rávic Strubel (born 12 April 1974) is a German writer, translator, and literary critic. She lives in Potsdam.

Life

Antje Strubel was born in Potsdam and grew up in Ludwigsfelde, East Germany. After leaving school, she first worked as a bookseller in Potsdam, and then studied literature, psychology and American studies in Potsdam and New York. In New York she also worked as a lighting assistant in a theater. She has held residencies as a writer and been a guest professor at various institutions and universities in Germany, the United States, and Finland. She lives and works as a writer and translator in Potsdam, Germany.

With the publication of her first novel, Offene Blende, Strubel added the name Rávik (previously Rávic) to her legal name to designate her writing identity. Since 2018, she spells this writing name Rávik.

Critical reception
Rávik Strubel is part of a generation of writers who were born in East Germany but started publishing after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Much of her fiction deals with identity and transformation in contemporary Europe. In 2001, she published her first two novels, Offene Blende and Unter Schnee (translated as Snowed Under). That year she also received the Ernst Willner Prize in Klagenfurt. Like many of her texts, both of her first novels have main characters born in East Germany, and both novels focus on these women as they travel abroad, explore identity through new jobs and relationships, and reinvent themselves in Europe or America after the fall of the Wall. These are also themes that we find in her later work.

In 2002, Rávik Strubel published her third novel, Fremd gehen, and in 2003 she won the Roswitha Prize and the German Critics Prize.

The title of her 2004 novel Tupolew 134 refers to a Tupolev plane and is based on historical event, the 1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking. Tupolew 134 met with enthusiastic reviews, and in 2005 won the new Marburger Literature Prize and the Bremen Literature Prize. This novel, like both the earlier Fremd gehen (2002) and the later Sturz der Tage in die Nacht (2011), examines memory and the repercussions of politics in East Germany prior to 1989.<ref>Norman. See also Klocke, Sonja E. Inscription and Rebellion: Illness and the Symptomatic Body in East German Literature. Camden House, 2015.</ref> Her 2007 novel Kältere Schichten der Luft won the Hermann Hesse Prize and the Rheingau Literatur Preis in 2007. It was also shortlisted for the Leipzig Book Prize. In 2012 Sturz der Tage in die Nacht was nominated for the German Book Prize.

Noting that "Memory is always a story," Rávik Strubel uses literature to play with memory, identity, and ways of perceiving both oneself and others. In addition to tackling German history, Rávik Strubel's novels have been praised for their inclusion of gender and sexual diversity with butch and femme lesbians, homosexual, bisexual, genderqueer, and transgender characters. Snowed Under complicates gender identity by offering two main characters, a lesbian couple, who embody "feminine masculinity," which, according to Claudia Breger, complicates notions of both gender and social belonging in conjunction with power positions linked to nationality in post-Wall Eastern Europe. Kältere Schichten der Luft features female-born main character named Anja, who develops a male alter ego named Schmoll, which some scholars have read as a transgender embodiment. In den Wäldern des menschlichen Herzens, which was inspired in part by the theories of Jack Halberstam, introduces two transgender characters, one who has already transitioned when the story begins and the other who transitions over the course of the story.

Strubel has translated fiction from English and Swedish into German. Her translations include books by American novelist Joan Didion and Australian novelist Favel Parrett, as well as short stories by the American writer Lucia Berlin. She has also translated the fiction of Swedish author Karolina Ramqvist. Strubel has also written numerous short stories and published articles, commentaries, and critical reviews in newspapers and literary journals.

In 2021, Blaue Frau, a novel about a complicated love affair set in modern-day Europe, was awarded the German Book Prize.

Works

As author
 Offene Blende (Open Shutter). Novel. Munich, 2001. .
 Unter Schnee (Snowed Under). Episodic novel. Munich, 2001. . Translated as Snowed Under. Translated by Zaia Alexander. Red Hen Press, 2008. .
 Fremd Gehen (Going Strange). Hamburg: Marebuch, 2002. .
 Tupolew 134. Novel. Munich: CH Beck, 2004. .
 Kältere Schichten der Luft (Colder Layers of Air). Novel. Frankfurt a. M.: S. Fischer, 2007. .
 Vom Dorf (From the Village). Adventure stories. Munich, 2007. .
 Gebrauchsanweisung für Schweden (Instruction Manual for Sweden). München: Piper, 2008. .
 Gebrauchsanweisung für Potsdam und Brandenburg (Instruction Manual for Potsdam and Brandenburg). München: Piper, 2012. .
 Sturz der Tage in die Nacht (When Days Plunge into Night). Novel. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer, 2012. .
 In den Wäldern des menschlichen Herzens (Into the Forests of the Human Heart). Episodic Novel. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer, 2016. .
 Gebrauchsanweisung fürs Skifahren (Instruction Manual for Skiing). München: Piper, 2016. .
 Blaue Frau (Blue Woman). Frankfurt a. M.: S. Fischer, 2021, .

As translator
 2006 – Das Jahr magischen Denkens (Joan Didion, The year of magical thinking)
 2008 – Wir erzählen uns Geschichten, um zu leben (Joan Didion, We tell ourselves stories in order to survive)
 2012 – Blaue Stunden (Joan Didion, Blue Nights)
 2013 – Jenseits der Untiefen (Favel Parrett, Past the Shallows)
 2016 – Die weiße Stadt (Karolina Ramqvist, Den vita staden)
 2016 – Was ich sonst noch verpasst habe (Lucia Berlin, select stories from A Manual for Cleaning Women)
 2017 – Was wirst du tun, wenn du gehst (Lucia Berlin, select stories from A Manual for Cleaning Women)
 2018 – Süden und Westen Notizen (Joan Didion, South and West: From a Notebook)

As editor
 Zeitzonen. Literatur in Deutschland 2004 (Time zones. Literature in Germany 2004). Vienna: Edition Selene, 2004. .
 Was dringend getan werden muss (What urgently needs to be done). Special issue of Neue Rundschau 2013/2. Frankfurt a.M.: Fischer, 2013. .

In interviews
 Wenn ich auf eine Lösung stoße, ist der Text zu Ende: Werkstattgespräch mit Antje Rávic Strubel (When I hit a solution, the text is complete). Im Atelier: Beträge zur Poetik der Gegenwartsliteratur. Interview by Thomas Boyken and Jan Traphahn. Fuehwerk Verlag, 2008. .
 "'Memory Is Always a Story': An Interview with Antje Rávic Strubel." Interview by Beret Norman and Katie Sutton. Women in German Yearbook vol. 28 (2012): pp. 98–112.

References

Sources
Literary critic Elmar Krekeler in Die Welt, 17 March 2007
Norman, Beret. "Antje Rávic Strubel's Ambiguities of Identity as Social Disruption." Women in German Yearbook 28 (2012). 65–80.
Finch, Helen. "Gender, Identity, and Memory in the Novels of Antje Rávic Strubel." Women in German Yearbook 28 (2012). 81–97.
Norman, Beret and Katie Sutton. ""Memory is always a Story.': An Interview with Antje Rávic Strubel." Women in German Yearbook 28 (2012). 98–112.
Boa, Elizabeth. "Labyrinth, Mazes, and Mosaics: Fiction by Christa Wolf, Ingo Schulze, Antje Rávic Strubel, and Jens Sparschuh." In Debating German Cultural Identity since 1989, edited by Anne Fuchs, Kathleen James-Chakraborty, and Linda Short, 131–55. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2011.
Stewart, Faye. "Queer Elements: The Poetics and Politics of Antje Rávic Strubel's Literary Style." Women in German Yearbook 34 (2014): 44–73.
Klocke, Sonja E. Inscription and Rebellion: Illness and the Symptomatic Body in East German Literature''. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2015.

External links

1974 births
Living people
German women writers

Antje Rávik Strubel


Cinnamon Bay is a body of water and a beach on St. John island, within Virgin Islands National Park, in the United States Virgin Islands.

Geography
The bay is just east of Trunk Bay, and is about a mile west of Maho Bay beach. The shallow, clear water and the short distance to Cinnamon Cay (a small, low-elevation, sandy island) make Cinnamon Bay excellent for snorkeling.  It is adjacent to the historic colonial Danish Cinnamon Bay Plantation, an open-air museum of the sugar production in the Danish West Indies.

Recreation
Camping in Virgin Islands National Park is permitted only at Cinnamon Bay Resort and Campground — no back-country or beach camping is allowed by the National Park Service. Cinnamon Bay Resort and Campground features bare sites, tent-covered platforms, sustainable eco-tents and cottages available, along with a restaurant (RainTree Café) and a small beach shop. Park Service programs are offered in a small amphitheatre. In addition, a wide range of weekly activities are available at the campground, such as snorkeling movies, and cultural presentations. Cinnamon Bay Water Sports rents snorkeling equipment, sea kayaks, sailboards and small sailboats, and provides lessons as well. Volunteers are given the opportunity to participate in an archaeological dig on a pre-Columbian Taino ceremonial site.

Hiking opportunities are available on the Cinnamon Bay Nature Trail and the similarly named Cinnamon Bay Trail.  Not only wildlife, but also ruins left by the Danish settlers can be seen along the trails, including the ruins of the original Cinnamon Bay sugar mill directly across the road from the campground entrance.  Transportation to and from the port city of Cruz Bay is available by safari taxi for $7 per person.

See also
Cinnamon Bay Plantation

References

External links

Official Virgin Islands National Park website
Cinnamon-bay.com: Cinnamon Bay Tourist Information
Maho Bay Eco-Resort
Botanical Villa — private campground and hostel near Cinnamon Bay.

Bays of the United States Virgin Islands
Beaches of the United States Virgin Islands
Landforms of Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands National Park

Cinnamon Bay


Roger Julian Marquis (April 5, 1937 – July 19, 2004) was an American professional baseball player who appeared in one Major League Baseball game and registered one at bat with the  Baltimore Orioles. The native of Holyoke, Massachusetts, threw and batted left-handed, stood  tall and weighed .

Marquis signed his first baseball contract with the Orioles on September 2, 1955, and his first professional appearance came at the Major League level 23 days later. On September 25 at Griffith Stadium against the Washington Senators, Marquis replaced fellow Massachusetts-born rookie Angelo Dagres as the Orioles' right fielder in the eighth inning. He had no chances in the field during his one inning of play, then grounded out against Washington's Bob Chakales in the top of the ninth frame.  Veteran Cal Abrams then took Marquis' place as the right fielder in the Baltimore lineup.

Sent to the lower reaches of Baltimore's minor league system in both 1956 and 1957 to gain playing experience, Marquis batted only .225 at the Class D level, and was shifted to first baseman and then southpaw pitcher (compiling a 2–2 record), before leaving baseball at the end of the 1957 season at the age of 20.

He died at 67 in Holyoke in 2004.

References

External links

1937 births
2004 deaths
Baltimore Orioles players
Paris Orioles players
Baseball players from Holyoke, Massachusetts
Thomson Orioles players

Roger Marquis


Dina Bélanger (30 April 1897 – 4 September 1929), also known by her religious name Marie of Saint Cecilia of Rome, was a Canadian professed religious and a member of the Religieuses de Jésus-Marie. Bélanger was a noted musician and learnt the piano from her late childhood while teaching this later in her life. Successive bouts of poor health never hindered her spiritual or musical aspirations though weakened her due to contracting tuberculosis. Her autobiographical account—spanning from 1924 until just a couple of months prior to her death—details her spiritual encounters with Jesus Christ in a series of visions.

Bélanger's beatification was celebrated on 20 March 1993.

Life
Dina Bélanger was born on 30 April 1897 in Québec (in the Saint-Roch parish) to Olivier Octave Bélanger (April 21, 1871 – July 21, 1952) and Séraphia Matte (April 18, 1870 – August 18, 1951); her baptism was celebrated just hours later and she was given the names "Marie-Marguerite-Dina-Adélaïde", the last in honor of her paternal grandmother. There was a brother that was born seventeen months after her but Joseph-Simeon-Gustave (September–December 1898) died three months after.She gave the title of Kids are the blessings of god
.

Her mother instilled in her deep and long-lasting religious principles. The girl loved the Angelus but did not understand Latin save for Amen at the end and she ran upstairs for it when the bell rang announcing the beginning of the Angelus. Her mother took her to Mass in her childhood but also to novenas and sermons but she felt the latter were boring so once brought the stoneware doll she named Valeda; her mother did not like it and asked it be left alone but she would still use it which prompted her mother to put it in her purse. Bélanger had a mischievous side and also a temper. In 1901 she threw a tantrum. Then her father arose from the table and joined in. She stopped upon seeing her father do that; she was mortified and never threw tantrums after that.

In 1903 she began her studies at the convent-school of Saint Roch. She made her First Communion on 2 May 1907 as well as her Confirmation. In 1909 she left that school to continue her studies at Notre-Dame de Jacques-Cartier.  However, in 1911 she received parental permission to enter the Bellevue convent boarding school and entered in the fall of 1911. But she became homesick and cried on one occasion; her parents offered to take her home but she refused and said she would get over it in due time. On 6 October 1911, she and some friends visited the Blessed Sacrament and it prompted her to make a private act of consecration to God. From 1913 to 1916 she lived with her parents at home after completing her education. She drew up a rule of life for herself and made it a practice to examine her conscience each night.

In 1913 she asked her parents and two priests (one being her spiritual director) if she could enter the Notre-Dame order's novitiate. The priests told her to wait. Her father later recalled that she was hurt but was at peace with their decision. Her piano studies led to a superior class certificate and a laureate before she attained a teaching diploma. She had been studying piano since 1914 with Joseph-Arthur Bernier who was the organist for the parish of Notre-Dame de Jacques-Cartier. He mentioned her piano studies to the parish priest Omer Cloutier who advised her parents to enroll her at the Institute of Musical Art in the United States of America. But she was learning music from the nuns since she was eight up until 1914.

She was sent to learn music in New York her parents were worried about her welfare there but she did her best to reassure them. She left home in October 1916 with her father as well as her friends Bernadette Letourneau and Aline Marquis (both became nuns themselves) who were also to go there for their studies. But her father's return to Canada saw her get homesick but believed her studies would take her mind off it plus the fact that she had to learn English. She returned home to Canada after her graduation in June 1918, where she performed public concerts between 1918 and 1921;

Dina became a Third Order Dominican. After a year of probation, she made her profession, and took the name of St. Catherine of Siena. This name was granted her only after she said that her birthday was on the Feast day of St. Catherine (April 30 on the 'Traditional' Roman Calendar-now April 29 on the Modern Roman Calendar).

Bélanger entered the Religieuses de Jésus-Marie on 11 August 1921 where she assumed the religious name of "Marie de Sainte-Cécile de Rome"; she made her vows on 15 August 1923. She entered with the approval of her parents who took her to Niagara Falls in June 1921 before she entered though her parents relocated to be closer to their daughter. During her first mission in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse where she taught the piano (which started in August 1923) she contracted scarlet fever after treating a student but recovered enough on 7 December 1923 to resume her teaching duties in January 1924. But this fever soon degenerated into tuberculosis and she later wrote that the illness allowed her to further deepen her union with Jesus Christ and on 2 April 1924 she was taken ill again. From February 1924 to 29 July 1929 - at the behest of her superior - she began writing a biographical account with the first part completed that first June. Jesus said to her in a vision well before this: "You will do good by your writings".

At the beginning of 1927 she fell ill and was taken to the medical ward though later had enough strength for her perpetual profession on 15 August 1928. On 29 April 1929 she was moved to the tuberculosis isolation ward for good and on 3 September 1929 her parents spent a few minutes with her in which her father wept and her mother gave her drops of water to quench her thirst though the pain of her parents made her suffer.

Bélanger died on 4 September 1929. Her remains were buried on 7 September though exhumed in 1951 and again in May 1990.

The Salle Dina-Bélanger and the Québec Music Festival Dina Bélanger and the Collège Dina Bélanger in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse are named in her honor. A musical based on her life was presented as part of the fourth centennial of Québec and the 49th International Eucharistic Congress held there in June 2008. The singer-songwriter Martin Louis Lanthier created the production and Bruno Marquis performed the staging.

Beatification
The beatification cause opened in Québec in which the informative process was held from 11 May 1950 until 2 May 1956 with the late Bélanger's parents offering testimonies for the beatification process; the theologians approved her journal entries and other spiritual writings as being in line with the faith on 8 July 1965 while a supplementary process was held from 20 September 1963 to 6 September 1967. An apostolic process would have been held as was the norm at the time but this was dispensed. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the previous processes in Rome on 30 January 1987 and received the Positio dossier from the C.C.S. in 1987. Theologians approved the dossier on 25 October 1988 as did the C.C.S. on 2 May 1989. The confirmation of her heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to title her as Venerable on 13 May 1989.

The miracle that led to her beatification was the cure of the infant Jules Chiasson of New Brunswick from hydrocephalus in 1939. It was investigated on a diocesan level before it received C.C.S. approval on 14 March 1987; medical experts approved it on 15 November 1989 as did theologians on 23 March 1990 and the C.C.S. on 19 June 1990. John Paul II approved this healing to be a miracle on 10 July 1990 and beatified Bélanger on 20 March 1993 in Saint Peter's Square.

Quotes
Quotes in French followed by the translation in English:

References

External links
 Hagiography Circle
 Santi e Beati
 Michael For the Triumph of the Immaculate
 Pierced Hearts

1897 births
1929 deaths
20th-century Canadian women musicians
20th-century venerated Christians
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Beatifications by Pope John Paul II
Canadian beatified people
Canadian Christian mystics
20th-century Canadian nuns
Musicians from Quebec City
Roman Catholic mystics
Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II
Tuberculosis deaths in Quebec
20th-century Canadian memoirists
Canadian women memoirists

Dina Bélanger


A branch is the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk of a tree. The size of a branch may vary depending on the type of tree, the location of the branch relative to the tree, and how healthy the tree is. The term twig usually refers to a terminus, while bough refers only to branches coming directly from the trunk.

Basic English 850 words
Plant anatomy

Branch