Oliver Morosco (June 20, 1875 – August 25, 1945) was an American theatrical producer, director, writer, film producer, and theater owner. He owned the Morosco Photoplay Company. He brought many of his theater actors to the screen. Frank A. Garbutt was in charge of the film business. The company was merged with Adolph Zukor's Famous Players–Lasky Corporation in 1916.

Biography
He was born Oliver Mitchell in Logan, Utah, to John Leslie Mitchell and Esmah Badure Montrose. The Mitchells divorced, and Esmah Mitchell took her two sons to California, eventually arriving in San Francisco. At the age of six, Oliver and his brother Leslie, three years his elder, were hired by Walter M. Morosco (1846–1901) to perform in his acrobatic troupe, the Royal Russian Circus, then a regular attraction at Woodward's Gardens, a popular San Francisco amusement park.

Walter M. Morosco made an arrangement with Esmah Montrose Mitchell to become the foster father of her sons, and to give them his name. He was a theatrical impresario as well as an acrobat, and owned and operated Morosco's Grand Opera House, one of San Francisco's leading theaters. When Oliver was a teenager, his foster father took over operation of another San Francisco venue, the Amphitheater, and of The Auditorium at San Jose, California, and made Oliver the manager of both houses.

In 1899, Oliver Morosco moved to Los Angeles to begin his independent career as a theatrical impresario. He took over the lease on the troubled Burbank Theatre and soon made it a success with a series of stock companies and shows featuring the popular actors of the day. Such stars as Wilton Lackaye, Richard Bennett, Edgar Selwyn, and Margaret Illington appeared at the Burbank Theatre. A number of original plays were first mounted at the Burbank and later performed in New York City. These included "The Rose of the Rancho" by Richard Walton Tully, and actor-playwright Edgar Selwyn's "The Country Boy" and "The Arab."

In 1908, Morosco became the lessee of the new Majestic Theatre on Broadway in Los Angeles, and in 1911 took over the former Los Angeles Theatre on Spring Street which had for several years been the Los Angeles home of the Orpheum Vaudeville Circuit, renaming it the Lyceum Theatre. He also entered into a partnership with the Belasco-Meyer interests of San Francisco to take over management of their theaters on the west coast, including the Belasco Theatre in Los Angeles, the Burbank's chief rival as a stock house. In 1913, he opened the Morosco Theatre on Broadway, the most luxurious theater yet built in Los Angeles.

Though Los Angeles remained his home, Morosco began producing plays in New York City in 1906 and mounted over 40 productions on Broadway including Peg o' My Heart and The Bird of Paradise both starring Laurette Taylor.  He contributed lyrics to a Victor Schertzinger song he had added to L. Frank Baum and Louis F. Gottschalk's musical, The Tik-Tok Man of Oz, which he produced in 1913.  Through this show he discovered Charlotte Greenwood and made her a star. In 1917, he opened the Morosco Theatre in New York.

In 1919–1920, he produced the Edward Everett Rose-scripted satirical melodrama, The Master Thief, starring Francis X. Bushman and Beverly Bayne. In 1922 he produced Thompson Buchanan's The Sporting Thing To Do at the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles, and then took the play to Broadway in 1923.

In 1926 the once successful Morosco filed for bankruptcy, his fortune lost in part due to a large speculative purchase of land in California where he planned to create a development called "Morosco Town".

At the age of 69, Morosco was struck and killed by a streetcar in Hollywood. He had been married four times and was the father of Walter Morosco the film producer.

Filmography

Pasquale (1916)
The House of Lies (1916)
Her Father's Son (1916)
Redeeming Love (1916)
The Happiness of Three Women (1917)
Out of the Wreck (1917)
The World Apart (1917)
Big Timber (1917)
The Varmint (1917)
Jack and Jill (1917)
Tom Sawyer (1917)
 The Half Breed (1922)

See also
Morosco Theatre - now demolished.

Further reading
Life of Oliver Morosco; The Oracle of Broadway, Written from His Own Notes and Comments. Morosco, Oliver, Helen McRuer Morosco, and Leonard Paul Dugger. Caldwell, Id: Caxton Printers, 1944.

References

"Oliver Morosco: A Bit of History". The Grizzly Bear, May, 1907
"Combining the Stock Companies". Randolph Bartlett, Out West, July, 1911
Press Reference Library, Southwest Edition, 1912, p. 216.
"Oliver Morosco Accused by Wife". The New York Times, May 9, 1920
"Oliver Morosco Weds Miss Selma Paley". The New York Times, April 2, 1922
"Morosco Bankrupt, His Debts $1,033,404". The New York Times, February 19, 1926
"Mrs. Oliver Morosco Sues". The New York Times, September 15, 1928
"Divorces Oliver Morosco". The New York Times, October 11, 1928.
"Morosco Gets License to Wed". The New York Times, November 17, 1929
"Wife Sues Oliver Morosco". The New York Times, August 7, 1934
"Divorces Oliver Morosco; Wife Says Producer Had Too Many Facets to His Nature". The New York Times, September 6, 1934
"Heyday on Broadway." The New York Times September 17, 1944.
"Morosco Killed Under Street Car". The New York Times, August 26, 1945.
"Top Slander" Time Magazine, September 3, 1945

External links

Morosco Biography at Los Angeles Theatres.com
Findagrave.com

1875 births
1945 deaths
American theatre managers and producers
American theatre directors
Impresarios

Oliver Morosco


Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll (17 January 1801 – 16 January 1856), an illegitimate daughter of William IV and Dorothy Jordan, married William Hay on 4 December, 1820, at the age of 19. Hay was born with the name Lady Elizabeth FitzClarence.

She married her husband at St George's, Hanover Square, an Anglican church in Westminister.

She is shown in a Fitzclarence portrait in House of Dun, and she kept a stone thrown at her father William IV and the gloves he wore on opening his first Parliament as keepsakes.

She died on 16 January 1856 in Edinburgh, Scotland, aged 54.

Children and Relatives
With her husband she had four children:
 Lady Adelaide Harriet Augusta Hay (18 October 1821 – 22 October 1867)
 William Harry Hay, 19th Earl of Erroll (3 May 1823 – 3 December 1891), married Eliza Amelia Gore on 20 September 1848
 Lady Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay (12 May 1829 – 18 December 1869). She married James Duff on 16 March 1846. Their son, Alexander Duff, married Princess Louise, who was the daughter of Edward VII.
 Lady Alice Mary Emily Hay (7 July 1835 – 7 June 1881) married Charles Edward Louis Casimir Stuart (1824–1882; known also as Count d'Albanie) nephew of fraud John Sobieski Stuart.

She is also the grandmother of Princess Louise's husband, the Duke of Fife.

David Cameron is related to Elizabeth Hay through William IV, which makes him the fifth cousin, twice removed to the Queen.

References

1801 births
1856 deaths
British royalty
Earls and countesses

Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll


FL 19,99  is a 1998 Dutch comedy film directed by Mart Dominicus. It ran at the Rotterdam Film Festival. The distribution was by the project  Route 2000, a forerunner of Telefilm

Plot

An Amsterdam hotel runs a millennium offer. People can stay overnight for only fl 19,99 (€ 9). It's a big success, and the hotel is quickly booked. The film follows the people living on one of the floors coming in and going out and the things they encounter.

Cast
Thomas Acda
Jacqueline Blom
Elsie de Braauw
Lenny Breederveld
Tjebbo Gerritsma
Albert de Haan
Mischa Hulshof
Michiel de Jong
Peggy Jane de Schepper
Peter Paul Muller
Hero Muller
Dimme Treurniet
Jeroen Willems

External links

1998 films
1990s Dutch-language films
1998 comedy films
Dutch comedy films

FL 19,99


James Andrew Eric "Jaime" Phelps and Oliver Martyn John Phelps (born 25 February 1986) are identical twin English actors, best known for playing Fred and George Weasley in the Harry Potter film series, which are based on the books.

James and Oliver have been a bit split up since Harry Potter ended, James working in a few more projects than Oliver, but both of them still working. James worked in "Ward 3," "Danny and the Human Zoo," "Patchwork," and a TV series, "Silent Witness." Oliver worked in "Ears," and "Danny and the Human Zoo" along with James.

Both twins run a podcast and still talk about Harry Potter along side some other topics.

English movie actors
Living people
1986 births
Twin people

James and Oliver Phelps


{{DISPLAYTITLE:TAST}}

In linguistics, TAST (always written as uppercase T plus uppercase AST in subscript) is an abbreviation for the time of assertion, a secondary temporal reference in establishing tense.

Grammatical tense represents the contrast between two measurements along the timeline of an utterance, with one of those measurements being the time of utterance TUTT (the time at which the actual utterance is made).  TUTT is always the primary point of reference for tense.  There are three additional references to which TUTT can be contrasted:  TAST — the time of assertion, TCOM — the time of completion, and TEVL — the time of evaluation; these are secondary references.  The type used for the secondary reference is determined by aspect and type of utterance.

TAST is the time at which the action of a verb takes place.  It can be a single point in time (in the non-durational aspects) such as in English "I had dinner at 5pm."  Or, it can be a range of time (in the durational aspects) such as "I was eating dinner from 5 till 7."

References

Mezhevich, Ilana (2008) Time-Relational Approach to Tense and Mood.
Bybee, Joan (1995) Modality & Grammar in Discourse. Amsterdam, John Benjamins.
Ward, Drew (2009) An Inventory & Discussion of English Futurity.  CALLE

Time in linguistics

TAST


A circulation issue or circulation coin, sometimes called a business strike (US), is a coin minted and issued for commerce as opposed to those made as commemorative coins and proof coins. Circulation issue coins are normally produced in relatively large numbers, and are primarily meant to be used as pocket change, not collected. But after their withdrawal from circulation, these coins are highly valued by collectors, especially coins of high quality and without traces of use in trade. Preserved circulation coins are one of the primary sources by which scientists reconstruct the culture, history, and society of the time in which they were used.

Even though special collector coins, such as proof coinage, are produced in smaller numbers, the circulation issue coins are sometimes more valuable in high grade than their proof counterparts.  This is because whereas proof coins are almost always carefully preserved by their owners, circulation issue usually are not.

Officially "unissued" circulation coins

The state strictly controls the issuance of coins at mints to prevent counterfeit money's distribution. However, collectors find coins that are not listed in the mint records or indicate that the mintage of these coins was destroyed . These coins are especially valuable to numismatists, as each one is associated with a unique story:

5 cent 1913 Liberty Head nickel US
The United States Mint's official records list no Liberty Head nickels produced that year. However, in December 1919, a previously unknown 1913 Liberty Head nickel was shown at a meeting of the Chicago Coin Club. The circumstances behind their creation are unknown. Only five examples exist. The finest known 1913 Liberty Head Nickel was auctioned in August 2018 at ANA U.S. Stacks Bowers Auction for $4,560,000,

10 centesimi 1938 Vatican City
Officially, the coin is "unissued."  and does not appear in the Mint of Rome's records. Due to the death of Pope Pius XI, the circulation coins with the Pope's name of 1938 were not issued, and only thanks to the passionate collector Vittorio Emanuele III, King of Italy, was this coin saved. Eight coins have been graded and certified by professional grading services (PCGS, NGC), and the finest known, with a grade of MS65,  has never been offered for sale,

20 dollar 1933 double eagle US
Although the Mint records clearly show that no 1933 double eagles were issued, there were allegedly three weeks in March 1933 when 445,500 specimens were minted, none were ever officially circulated, and all but two were ordered to be melted down. These two coins should have been the only 1933 double eagle coins in existence. However, unknown to the mint, a number of the coins were stolen. Now known only 14 specimens, only one of which is privately owned. This coin with a grade of MS65 was auctioned at Sotheby's June 8, 2021 auction for $18,872,250,

These are examples of the most coveted rarities circulation coins in numismatics.

References

Coins

Circulation issue


Kenneth Francis Landreaux  (born December 22, 1954) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the California Angels, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1977 through 1987.

Playing career
After graduating from Dominguez High School in Compton, California, Landreaux was drafted by the Houston Astros in the eighth round of the 1973 Major League Baseball draft, but chose to attend Arizona State University. While at Arizona State, he played in the 1975 and 1976 College World Series on teams that included future major leaguers Floyd Bannister, Chris Bando, and Bob Horner.

Landreaux was selected by the California Angels in the first round of the 1976 Major League Baseball draft. In his major league debut with the Angels, on September 11, 1977, against the Chicago White Sox, Landreaux threw out three base runners from the outfield.

In , the Angels traded Landreaux, Dave Engle, Paul Hartzell, and Brad Havens to the Minnesota Twins for Rod Carew. In 1980, Landreaux set a Minnesota record with a 31-game hitting streak, tied for the longest in the AL since Dom DiMaggio's 34 in 1949. He still holds the record for most consecutive games with a hit in Minnesota Twins history.

Landreaux was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for three prospects (Mickey Hatcher and two minor leaguers) in . Landreaux was a member of the 1981 World Series champion Los Angeles Dodgers, and caught the final out of the 1981 World Series, a fly ball to center field off the bat of Bob Watson. Landreaux's best seasons were 1982 and 1983. Usually batting 2nd in the order, he combined with leadoff man Steve Sax to give the Dodgers two formidable "table setters." Landreaux hit over .280 and had at least 30 stolen bases in each of those seasons. He also hit a career high 17 home runs for the 1983 National League Western Division champion Dodgers. He remained with the Dodgers, completing his major league baseball career in .

Career statistics
In 1264 games over 11 seasons, Landreaux compiled a .268 batting average (1099-for-4101) with 522 runs, 180 doubles, 45 triples, 91 home runs, 479 RBI, 145 stolen bases, 299 base on balls, 421 strikeouts, .317 on-base percentage and .400 slugging percentage. Defensively, he recorded a .981 fielding percentage at all three outfield positions. In postseason play covering 24 games, he batted .221 (15-for-68) with 6 runs and 4 RBI.

Post-playing career
After retiring, Landreaux abused substances. After achieving sobriety, he worked as a counselor at Bellwood Health Center in Bellflower, California. He and Darrell Jackson, a former baseball teammate, founded the Athletic Connection Team to aid athletes with substance use problems. Landreaux spends his time teaching young baseball players at the Urban Youth Academy in Compton. Ken Landreaux returned to Arizona State University in 2012 and earned a Bachelor of Liberal Studies Degree in 2014.

Personal life
Landreaux is a cousin of former major league third baseman Enos Cabell.

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Major League Baseball center fielders
California Angels players
Minnesota Twins players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Los Angeles
African-American baseball players
Arizona State Sun Devils baseball players
Los Angeles Dodgers Legend Bureau
Águilas Cibaeñas players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
El Paso Diablos players
Salt Lake City Gulls players
Albuquerque Dukes players
Rochester Red Wings players
St. Petersburg Pelicans players
Orlando Juice players
All-American college baseball players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Manuel Dominguez High School alumni
Baseball players from Compton, California

Ken Landreaux


The Evening Colonnade, published in 1973, is a collection of essays and reviews by the English writer and critic Cyril Connolly.

The compilation consists primarily of Connolly's articles written when he was literary critic for The Sunday Times. Other articles are taken from Harpers & Queen, the London Magazine, Art News, Art and Literature and The New York Times.

The work is divided into four sections as follows:

"Dew on the Garlic Leaf" contains mainly essays of personal experience, starting with a continuation of the autobiographical element of Enemies of Promise
"Divers of Worship" comprises mainly reviews of works associated with past writers
"Nothing if not Critical" includes reviews of contemporary writers of the modern movement
"The House of Two Doors" consists of articles about topics other than writers

Connolly derived the title from Pope's poem on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu:
"What are the gay parterre, the chequer'd shade
The morning bower, the ev'ning colonnade
But soft recesses of uneasy minds
To sigh unheard in, to the passing winds?"
He also had in mind the surrealist work of Chirico.

References
Cyril Connolly The Evening Colonnade Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich 1973

English essay collections
1973 non-fiction books
Works by Cyril Connolly
Books of literary criticism
Works originally published in The Sunday Times
Works originally published in Harper's Bazaar
Works originally published in The London Magazine
Works originally published in The New York Times

The Evening Colonnade


Crime comics is a genre of American comic books and format of crime fiction. The genre was originally popular in the late 1940s and early 1950s and is marked by a moralistic editorial tone and graphic depictions of violence and criminal activity. Crime comics began in 1942 with the publication of Crime Does Not Pay published by Lev Gleason Publications and edited by Charles Biro. As sales for superhero comic books declined in the years after World War II, other publishers began to emulate the popular format, content and subject matter of Crime Does Not Pay, leading to a deluge of crime-themed comics. Crime and horror comics, especially those published by EC Comics, came under official scrutiny in the late 1940s and early 1950s, leading to legislation in Canada and Great Britain, the creation in the United States of the Comics Magazine Association of America and the imposition of the Comics Code Authority in 1954. This code placed limits on the degree and kind of criminal activity that could be depicted in American comic books, effectively sounding the death knell for crime comics and their adult themes.

Precursors
Petty thieves, grifters, and outright crooks have existed in American comic books and strips since their inception, while books and strips devoted to them and their activities are relatively rare. The comic strip Dick Tracy was the first to focus on the character and plots of a vast array of gangsters. Chester Gould's strip, begun in 1931, made effective use of grotesque villains, actual police methods, and shocking depictions of violence. It inspired many features starring a variety of police, detectives and lawyers.

Series

Crime Does Not Pay

As edited and mostly written by Charles Biro (with Bob Wood), Crime Does Not Pay was a 64-page (later 52-page) anthology comic book published by Lev Gleason Publications beginning in 1942 and running for 147 issues until 1955. Each issue of the series featured several stories about the lives of actual criminals taken from newspaper accounts, history books, and occasionally, as advertised, "actual police files." The stories provided details of actual criminal activity and, in making the protagonists of the stories actual criminals — albeit criminals who were eventually caught and punished, usually in a violent manner, by story's end — seemed to glorify criminal activity, according to several critics. An immediate success, the series remained virtually unchallenged in the field of non-fiction comic books for several years until the post-World War II decline in other genres of comic books, including superhero comic books, made it more viable to publish new genres.

Magazine Village, Prize and EC Comics
Beginning in 1947, publishers began issuing new titles in the crime comics genre, sometimes changing the direction of existing series but often creating new books whole cloth. Many of these titles were direct imitations of the format and content of Crime Does Not Pay.

In May, 1947, Arthur Bernhard's Magazine Village company published True Crime Comics, designed and edited by Jack Cole. The first issue (#2) featured Cole's "Murder, Morphine, and Me", the story of a young female drug addict who became involved with gangsters. The story would become one of the most controversial of the period and samples of the art, including a panel from a dream sequence in which the heroine has her eye held open and threatened with a hypodermic needle, would be used in articles and books (like Geoffrey Wagner's Parade of Pleasure) about the pernicious influence and obscene imagery of crime comics.

Later in 1947, the team of Joe Simon and Jack Kirby began packaging a pair of crime comics for the Prize Comics line. Headline Comics (with a cover date of March) was transformed from adventure to a crime theme. Published with a date of October/November, Justice Traps the Guilty was a full-fledged crime comic from the onset, and besides Simon and Kirby, featured art by Marvin Stein, Mort Meskin, and John Severin. At the same time, Simon and Kirby revitalized Real Clue Comics for Hillman Comics, giving the title a true-crime veneer and transforming it from a serial character-driven mystery title.

EC Comics began publishing Crime SuspenStories in 1950 and Shock SuspenStories in 1952. Both titles featured, in the manner of the EC horror comics, fictional noir-style stories of murder and revenge with stunning art and tightly plotted twist endings.

Backlash

In 1949, spearheaded by the campaigning of MP Davie Fulton, crime comics were banned in Canada in Bill 10 of the 21st Canadian Parliament's 1st session (informally known as the Fulton Bill). The Criminal Code defined crime comics as a magazine, periodical or book that exclusively or substantially comprises matter depicting pictorially (a) the commission of crimes, real or fictitious; or (b) events connected with the commission of crimes, real or fictitious, whether occurring before or after the commission of the crime and made it an offence to produce, publish or distribute them. The provisions remained in the Criminal Code until December 2018 when Bill C-51 was adopted during the 42nd Canadian Parliament. Previously, crime comics also could be ordered forfeited by the provincial courts.

Post-Golden Age
Mystery, crime, and horror stories appeared in a number of anthology titles from various publishers but it was not until the advent of Warren Publishing's Creepy and Eerie in 1964 that the occasional crime story with a modicum of the style or violence that marked the comics of the late 1940s and early 1950s appeared.

Meanwhile, the genre had developed substantially in the hands of European and Japanese creators. In Europe, creators like Vittorio Giardino, Jacques Tardi, José Muñoz, Carlos Sampayo, William Vance and Jean Van Hamme have devoted substantial portions of their oeuvres to crime comics, especially to stories concerned with the trappings of detective fiction and police procedurals, often with a cynical, existentialist bent. Japanese creators like Osamu Tezuka (MW, The Book of Human Insects), Akimi Yoshida (Banana Fish), Takao Saito (Golgo 13), and Kazuo Koike (Crying Freeman) have explored subject matter ranging from the criminal mind to Yakuza gangs in manga form.

American crime comics of the 1970s included Jack Kirby's In the Days of the Mob and Gil Kane's Savage.

In the 1980s, Max Allan Collins and Terry Beatty created the Ms. Tree series about the adventures of a female private investigator. Collins would go on to write the Road to Perdition graphic novels about 1930s gangsters.

Beginning in the late-1980s and 1990s, several American and British comic book writers have created notable work in the crime comics genre, sometimes incorporating noir themes and novelistic storytelling into realistic crime dramas and even into superhero comics. These writers include Brian Azzarello (100 Bullets, Jonny Double), Brian Michael Bendis (Sam and Twitch, Jinx, Powers, Alias), Ed Brubaker (Gotham Central, Criminal), Frank Miller, David Lapham, John Wagner (A History of Violence, Button Man), and Paul Grist.

Notes

References

Goulart, Ron. Great American Comic Books. Publications International, Ltd., 2001.
Overstreet, Robert M.. Official Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide. House of Collectibles, 2004.

External links
IGN's Guide to Crime & Espionage Genre
Crime Boss: Crime Comics of the 1940s & 50s.
Crime Comics: The Many Colours of Noir by Paul Gravett

1942 introductions
Comics
Comics genres

Crime comics


The Des Moines Register is the daily morning newspaper of Des Moines, Iowa, United States.

History

Early period
The first newspaper in Des Moines was the Iowa Star. In July 1849, Barlow Granger began the paper in an abandoned log cabin by the junction of the Des Moines and Raccoon River.

In 1854, The Star became the Iowa Statesman which was also a Democratic paper. In 1857, The Statesman became the Iowa State Journal, which published three times per week.

In 1870, The Iowa State Journal became the Iowa State Leader as a Democratic newspaper, which competed with pro-Republican Iowa Daily State Register for the next 32 years.

In 1902, George Roberts bought the Register and Leader and merged them into a morning newspaper. In 1903, Des Moines banker Gardner Cowles, Sr. purchased the Register and Leader. The name finally became The Des Moines Register in 1915. (Cowles also acquired the Des Moines Tribune in 1908. The Tribune, which merged with the rival Des Moines News in 1924 and the Des Moines Capital in 1927, served as the evening paper for the Des Moines area until it ended publication on September 25, 1982).

Under the ownership of the Cowles family, the Register became Iowa's largest and most influential newspaper, eventually adopting the slogan "The Newspaper Iowa Depends Upon". Newspapers were distributed to all four corners of the state by train and later by truck as Iowa's highway system improved.

Nationwide development
In 1906, the newspaper's first front-page editorial cartoon, illustrated by Jay Norwood Darling, was published; the tradition of front-page editorial cartoons continued until December 4, 2008, when 25-year veteran cartoonist Brian Duffy was let go in a round of staff cuts.

The Register employed reporters in cities and towns throughout Iowa, and it covered national and international news stories from an Iowa perspective, even setting up its own news bureau in Washington, D.C. in 1933. During the 1960s, circulation of the Register peaked at nearly 250,000 for the daily edition and 500,000 for the Sunday edition–more than the population of Des Moines at the time. In 1935, the Register & Tribune Company founded radio station KRNT-AM, named after the newspapers' nickname, "the R 'n T". In 1955, the company, renamed Cowles Communications some years earlier, founded Des Moines' third television station, KRNT-TV, which was renamed KCCI after the radio station was sold in 1974. Cowles eventually acquired other newspapers, radio stations and television stations, but almost all of them were sold to other companies by 1985.

In 1943, the Register became the first newspaper to sponsor a statewide opinion poll when it introduced the Iowa Poll, modeled after Iowan George Gallup's national Gallup poll. Sports coverage was increased under sports editor Garner "Sec" Taylor – for whom Sec Taylor Field at Principal Park is named – in the 1920s. For many years the Register printed its sports sections on peach-colored paper, but that tradition ended for the daily paper in 1981 and for the Sunday Registers "Big Peach" in 1999. Another Register tradition – the sponsorship of RAGBRAI – began in 1973 when writer John Karras challenged columnist Donald Kaul to do a border-to-border bicycle ride across Iowa. The liberal-leaning editorial page has brought Donald Kaul back for Sunday opinion columns. Other local columns have faded and given way to Gannett-distributed material.

Under Gannett ownership
In 1985, faced with declining circulation and revenues, the Cowles family sold off its various properties to different owners, with the Register going to Gannett. At the time of sale, only The New York Times had won more Pulitzer Prizes for national reporting.

In 1990, the Register began to reduce its coverage of news outside of the Des Moines area by closing most of its Iowa news bureaus and ending carrier distribution to outlying counties, although an "Iowa Edition" of the Register was still being distributed throughout most of the state. Many of the Registers news stories and editorials focus on Des Moines and its suburbs.

The Register opened a new printing and distribution facility on the south side of Des Moines in 2000. The news and advertising offices remained in downtown Des Moines. After 95 years in the Des Moines Register Building at 715 Locust Street, the Register announced in 2012 that they would move to a new location in 2013, settling for Capital Square three blocks to the east. On June 15, 2013, the Register moved to its new location of 400 Locust Street. In 2014, the old building was sold for $1.6 million with plans for it to be redeveloped into a combination of apartments and retail space.

The Indianapolis Star became the sister publication of the paper after it also came under Gannett ownership.

In 2019, the Register switched from two print editions - a State and Metro edition - to one edition statewide.

The Register came under scrutiny in September 2019 after uncovering a pair of controversial tweets made by Carson King, a 24-year-old Iowa man whose beer sign on ESPN College GameDay resulted in over $3 million in contributions to a children's hospital. King was 16 at the time of the posts. According to Carol Hunter, the paper's executive editor, the Register elected to include the information toward the end of a story about King. "Reasonable people can look at the same set of facts and disagree on what merits publication. But rest assured such decisions are not made lightly and are rooted in what we perceive as the public good," she explained after receiving complaints from readers. Some readers later found social media comments previously made by the reporter, Aaron Calvin, which contained racial slurs and condemnation of law enforcement. The Register defended its decision and announced that they would launch an investigation into the "inappropriate social media posts" made by a staff member, though it did not name anyone involved. On September 27, the Register announced that Calvin was no longer employed by the newspaper. Calvin later wrote an op-ed in the Columbia Journalism Review blaming Gannett and the Register for what he considered to be an "unfair" firing.

In October 2022, the Register was discovered to have provided commercial printing services to a "pink slime" media client, Local Government Information Services, which the Columbia Journalism Review described as publishing "multiple misleading, decontextualized, and often nonfactual stories on hot-button issues in Illinois".

Editorial philosophy
In the three decades before the Cowles family acquired the Register in 1903, the newspaper was a "voice of pragmatic conservatism". However, Gardner Cowles Sr., who served as a Republican in the Iowa General Assembly, was a delegate to the 1916 Republican National Convention, and served in the administration of President Herbert Hoover, was an advocate of progressive Republicanism. The new owners presented a variety of viewpoints, including Darling cartoons that frequently made fun of progressive politicians.

During the Cowles family's ownership, the Registers editorial page philosophy was generally more liberal in its outlook than editorial pages of other Iowa newspapers, but there were notable exceptions. The publishers strongly supported Republican Wendell Willkie's 1940 presidential campaign against Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. The newspaper also supported Republican Dwight Eisenhower's campaigns for the Republican nomination and general election in 1952, and again in 1956. Although the Register endorsed presidential candidates Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, Hubert Humphrey in 1968, and Jimmy Carter in 1976, it endorsed Richard Nixon in 1960 and 1972.

The paper was a severe critic of George W. Bush's warrantless wiretapping strategy and claimed that in doing so, "President Bush has declared war on the American people."

In December 2007, two weeks before the 2008 Iowa caucuses, the Register endorsed Hillary Clinton (in the Democratic caucuses) and John McCain (in the Republican caucuses). In October 2008, it endorsed Barack Obama for president in the general election.

In 2011, 24 days before the 2012 Iowa caucuses, the newspaper endorsed former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney in the Republican caucuses. The Register endorsed Romney over Obama ten days before the general election on October 27, 2012, the first time that it supported a Republican for president since 1972.

On July 24, 2015, the newspaper announced that it had been denied press credentials to cover a Donald Trump presidential campaign family picnic in Oskaloosa, Iowa, because of an editorial the previous week that had called on Trump to drop out of the race.

On January 23, 2016, it endorsed Republican Senator Marco Rubio for the GOP nomination and Hillary Clinton for the Democratic candidate.

On October 13, 2018, the Register endorsed all Democratic candidates standing for the House of Representatives in the 2018 elections and stated that Republicans have "failed to govern".

On January 25, 2020, the newspaper endorsed Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren for her party's presidential nomination.

Register and Tribune Syndicate

In 1922, Gardner Cowles' son John launched the Register and Tribune Syndicate. At its peak, the syndicate offered other newspapers some 60 to 75 features, including editorial cartoonist Herblock and commentaries by David Horowitz, Stanley Karnow, and others. The cartoons and comic strips included Spider-Man. Will Eisner's The Spirit was part of a 16-page Sunday supplement known colloquially as "The Spirit Section". This was a tabloid-sized newsprint comic book sold as part of eventually 20 Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of as many as five million copies. The most successful comics feature was The Family Circus, eventually distributed to more than 1,000 newspapers. In 1986, the Register and Tribune Syndicate was sold to Hearst and the King Features Syndicate for $4.3 million.

Columnists and notable journalists
Brianne Pfannenstiel was selected chief politics reporter for the 2020 United States presidential election and co-moderated the seventh Democratic debate with Wolf Blitzer and Abby Phillip on January 14, 2020.

Rekha Basu was a Register opinion columnist for over 30 years.

Former columnist Rob Borsellino authored the book So I'm Talkin' to This Guy... ().

Steve Deace started his career as a sports reporter at the Register.

Bloomberg's Senior White House Reporter Jennifer Jacobs was formerly Chief Political Reporter at the Register.

John Naughton covered high school sports for 31 years.

Iowa State columnist Randy Peterson has been at the paper for over 50 years.

Awards
The Register has won 16 Pulitzer Prizes:
 6 for National Reporting: 1954, 1958, 1968, 1976, 1979, and 1985
 4 for Editorial Writing: 1938, 1943, 1956, and 2018
 3 for Editorial Cartooning: 1924, 1943, and 1963
 1 for Photography: 1952
 1 for Feature Photography: 1987
 1 for Breaking News Photography: 2010
 1 for Public Service: 1991
Register photographer Robert Modersohn was one of four finalists for the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for a selection of photographs the jury described as unusual.

Register writer Clark Kauffman was one of three finalists for the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for his exposure of glaring injustice in the handling of traffic tickets by public officials in Iowa.

Editorial writer Andie Dominick was a finalist for the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for her series of editorials on Iowa's job licensing laws, and later won the 2018 Pulitzer Prize.

INA Awards

Additionally, the publication won the Newspaper of the Year Award, bestowed by the Iowa Newspaper Association, for seven consecutive years from 2012 to 2019. The paper has also won hundreds of individual INA awards throughout its storied  history.

Best of Gannett Awards

Yearly, Register staffers have the option of submitting their work to be reviewed for potential corporate awards. The paper has won dozens of Gannett Awards.

Iowa Sports Hall of Fame, Register Sports Awards, People to Watch
The Register sponsors the Iowa Sports Hall of Fame.

The paper also held its  own Sports Awards ceremony recognizing outstanding high school athletes from 2016 to 2021. The Awards were discontinued in 2022 due to lack of sponsorship.

Beginning in 2011, the paper started the annual People to Watch series at the end of each year. 15 people are selected across the state and profiled throughout the month of December. Readers also have the option to submit potential nominees as well. Almost 200 individuals have been featured thus far.

References

Further reading
  Friedricks, William B. Covering Iowa: The History of the Des Moines Register and Tribune Company, 1849-1985 (1991)

External links

 Juice's website
 Des Moines Metromix
 Iowa Newspaper Association
 America's Best Buy: The Louisiana Purchase (Register and Tribune Syndicate comic strip) at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012.

Pulitzer Prize-winning newspapers
Gannett publications
Freedom of information in the United States
Newspapers published in Iowa
Mass media in Des Moines, Iowa
Newspapers established in 1849
1849 establishments in Iowa
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service winners

The Des Moines Register


The  Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a Federal law that amends the Fair Labor Standards Act. It prohibits wage disparity based solely on gender. It was signed into law on June 10, 1963 by John F. Kennedy, who at that time was President of the United States. The principle was equal pay for equal work regardless of sex.

History

In 1868 a major objective of the Knights of Labor was equal pay for men and women. During World War I and World War II the National War Labor Board had the power to set labor standards for American businesses. During the Korean War the Wage Stabilization Board set these standards. In all three cases they set equal pay policies for both sexes during wartime. During the war, Rosie the Riveter was paid the same wage as males doing the same job. In 1919 two states, Michigan and Montana, passed equal pay laws. But it wasn't until after World War II that any other states followed their examples. The United States Women's Bureau, a part of the United States Department of Labor, was established in 1920. Since their start they have pushed for equal pay. In 1952 the National Committee for Equal Pay was established as a coalition of several woman's, labor, business, and civic group|groups. They began a campaign for new laws requiring equal pay. In 1945 the 79th Congress introduced an equal pay bill that did not pass. It was 18 years later when the 88th Congress passed such legislation. It was called the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

As an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 made it against Federal law to discriminate against workers on the basis of gender. This is when "tasks require equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions." President John F. Kennedy signed this into law on June, 10 1963. At the ceremony held in the Oval Office of the White House president Kennedy gave special recognition to several groups and individuals who worked towards this law. Among those honored were Congresswomen Edna Kelly and Edith Green, Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson, National Council of Negro Women President Dr. Dorothy Height and Business and Professional Women's Foundation President Dr. Minnie Miles.

The act passed largely due to Congress recognizing the changing workforce in the United States. Male-supported households were becoming obsolete as more women entered the workforce. Higher divorce rates meant more female-supported households. But in the 1960s women earned only 60 cents for every dollar paid to male workers. The Equal Pay Act was intended as part of the solution to unequal pay. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, added more to the Equal Pay Act by making it unlawful to discriminate based on race or sex. Title VII also added White-collar worker to the Act.

Results

By the 1970s women were earning 75 cents per male-earned dollar. According to US Department of Labor statistics, in 2007 the rate was still at about 75 cents. The gap between college educated women and college educated men has actually widened slightly. In Fortune 500 companies (top US corporations) women still hold only about 17% of top positions. As of 2010 the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that women who worked full-time earned about 81 cents for every (full-time) male-earned dollar.

Notes

References

1963 establishments in the United States
United States federal legislation
1960s in law

Equal Pay Act of 1963


Canberra is the capital city of Australia. There are 403,468 people who live there. It does not belong to a state but it is in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

Canberra was started in 1913 and in the middle of the city is Lake Burley-Griffin. This lake was created especially for the city. There was a competition to design the new capital city of Australia. The competition was won by an architect from Chicago in the United States of America. His name was Walter Burley Griffin. Griffin designed his triangular town as a garden town, so its size expanded over a big area. But as Canberra grew larger and larger, the lake was no longer in the middle of the town, but the people who are in charge of planning the city make sure Canberra is as close to Griffin's original plan as possible. Canberra has a size in area nearly as big as Berlin, but the number of people who live there is much smaller.

Before Canberra was founded, Australia's two most important cities, Sydney and Melbourne, were arguing which city should be the capital of the continent. First, Melbourne was elected the capital, but in 1908 there was a vote. The result: an area of 2400 square kilometers was given to the country by New South Wales to build Canberra in. This was the place, 300 kilometers away from Sydney and with a distance of 650 kilometers to Melbourne, where a few years later Canberra was built.

The name Canberra is pronounced in various ways and most commonly now as "CAN-brugh" making it sound almost an English name - Canborough !  Some say "CAN-buh-ruh" ; a small number of people may pronounce it "can-BEAR-ruh" ; at an earlier time "can-BERR-a" was very common and that form is still heard although often looked down upon as ignorant and incorrect. But while now an uncommon pronunciation it may be closest to the original name and pronunciation. In the 19th century a farming property on the Limestone Plains was named "Canberry" (or "Camberry") and some think this name is derived in turn from the name of the local tribe - the Ngambri or Kamberra or Camberri people.  (Others have suggested the name is derived from an Aboriginal word meaning "meeting place").

Canberra has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification). Due to Canberra's inland location and fairly high altitude, summers are warm to hot with frequent heat waves and droughts and winters are fairly cold with frequent frosts during the nights. Snow is only common on the mountains.

Tourists who visit Canberra come to see the many national monuments and other famous sights. Some places to visit are the Government House, Parliament House, the High Court of Australia, the Australian War Memorial, the National Gallery of Australia, the Royal Australian Mint, Telstra Tower, the National Library of Australia, and the National Museum of Australia.

References

1913 establishments
1910s establishments in Australia

Canberra


St Paul's Cathedral, Embu is a Cathedral of the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) located in the north of the town of Embu. It serves as the Bishop's seat in the Diocese of the same name, and as such is the mother church of a congregation of some 45,000.

Serving Embu and Wajir administrative districts and created on 1 July 1990, Embu Diocese was initially part of the Diocese of Mount Kenya East and in its present form came into existence on 1 July 1997, when the Diocese of Mbeere was split from it.

Newly built in 1988 the cathedral features windows given to it by Chelmsford Cathedral, a church with which it has had a link since 1979.

References

Embu County
Anglicanism in Kenya
Cathedrals in Kenya
Anglican cathedrals in Kenya

St Paul's Cathedral, Embu


Kurt Wagenseil (Munich, 26 April 1904 - Tutzing, 14 December 1988) was a German translator, essayist and editor.

Biography
After attending high school Wagenseil worked in an art gallery in Berlin. He frequently travelled to Paris and Berlin; this way he became acquainted with several prominent writers, such as Henry Miller, who granted him the right to translate his work.

In 1935 Wagenseil was interned in Dachau concentration camp for bringing to Germany an antifascist book. Thanks to his friendship with British politician Harold Nicolson he was released. Until the end of World War II Wagenseil lived in Tutzing near Starnberger See, where he worked at a publishing company.

He translated over 150 books into German, including the work of several important English-language writers: George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five, and many works by Henry Miller, William Somerset Maugham, Victoria Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf. He also translated from French the work of his friends Jean Cocteau, André Gide and André Maurois.

References

External links
 Kurt Wagenseil, the man who brought Henry Miller to Germany

1904 births
1988 deaths
Writers from Munich
English–German translators
Dachau concentration camp survivors
20th-century German translators
20th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers

Kurt Wagenseil


Sir Roger Wilbraham (4 November 1553 – 31 July 1616) was a prominent English lawyer who served as Solicitor-General for Ireland under Elizabeth I  and was judged one of her few really competent Law Officers. He held a number of positions at court under James I, including Master of Requests and surveyor of the Court of Wards and Liveries. He bought an estate at Dorfold in the parish of Acton, near his birthplace of Nantwich in Cheshire, and he was active in charitable works locally, including founding two sets of almshouses for impoverished men. He also founded almshouses in Monken Hadley, Middlesex, where he is buried.

Biography

Roger Wilbraham was born in Nantwich, Cheshire in 1553, the second of four sons of Richard Wilbraham (1525–1611/12) and his first wife, Elizabeth (d. 1589/90), daughter of Thomas Maisterson. The Wilbraham family was a junior branch of the Wilbrahams of Woodhey, who were prominent in Cheshire affairs from the 13th century onwards; Roger's daughter Elizabeth married into the senior branch of the family.

His father Richard served as Master of the Jewel House to Mary I and also collected revenues for the queen in the Nantwich Hundred. In 1580 Richard built Townshend House on Welsh Row in Nantwich, where James I stayed during his visit to the town in 1617. Roger's mother's family, the Maistersons, was one of the most important in Nantwich.

Solicitor-General for Ireland

Wilbraham was educated at Shrewsbury School and Cambridge University. He became a barrister,  and was admitted to Gray's Inn in London in 1576.

On 13 February 1585, he was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, a position he held for 17 years, although he frankly admitted that he saw it as the pathway to a more senior position at the English Court.

During his years in Ireland, the Irish judiciary were notorious for corruption, and for bitter feuds among themselves; shortly before his arrival in Ireland Nicholas Nugent, the Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas, had been hanged for treason on very thin evidence, after a trial presided over by hostile colleagues. Wilbraham's attitude to  judicial misconduct  was cynical and pragmatic: even where a judge's conduct on occasion was disgraceful, if he generally gave good service to the Crown then, unless he was convicted of treason or another capital crime, Wilbraham argued that he should not be punished for it, or removed from office.

Wilbraham himself undoubtedly gave good service to the Crown: in 1597 the Privy Council of Ireland, in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil lamenting the inefficiency of the Irish law officers (especially the recently deceased King's Serjeant, Arthur Corye), exempted Wilbraham from their criticisms, as "he hath taken more care and pains than all the rest". He did much to increase the Crown revenues, and although he made a substantial profit in the process, this was not then regarded as corruption. In 1597 a complaint was made that he was keeping all the fees for making grants on the Exchequer of Ireland for himself, rather than sharing them with the other law officers and the Chief Remembrancer (a senior official in the Exchequer).  The Dublin government appears to have ignored the complaint, no doubt because of its firm belief, expressed forcefully in its letter to Cecil the same year, that Wilbraham was the only one of the law officers who did his job efficiently. In 1590-3, when the Attorney-General for Ireland, Sir Charles Calthorpe, was suspended from duty, Wilbraham coped efficiently with his double workload. In his last years as Solicitor-General, he spent almost all of his time in England, rebuilding his legal practice.

Later career

On 1 May 1600, while still serving as Solicitor, he became the Master of Requests, a post he retained under James I, and he also served as the king's surveyor of the Court of Wards and Liveries. In his journal, he commented acerbically on the added burden of work which followed James' accession, due to the flood of requests for favours. He finally
stepped down as Solicitor in 1603. He was elected a member of parliament for Callington in 1604 and returned as knight of the shire (MP) for Cheshire in 1614. He enjoyed the patronage of Robert Cecil, who was well aware of his record of Crown service in Ireland, and that he was a reliable supporter of the Crown's policy. In the debate on the Union, he was one of the few English MPs who strongly supported the proposed Union between England and Scotland. He was prepared to give Cecil his support for his cherished project, the Great Contract (an unsuccessful attempt to put the Crown finances on a stable footing), but without much enthusiasm: in his journal, he notes how little support there was for the Great Contract in the House of Commons, and the proposal eventually lapsed. He received a knighthood before 1613. He kept a journal from 1593 to the end of his life: this shows him to have been a shrewd observer of the political scene, rather than a major political figure in his own right. He was also active in Nantwich's salt-making industry.

Family life

He married Mary Baber, daughter of Edward  Baber  MP, of Chew Magna, Somerset, Recorder of Bath, and his wife Katherine Leigh, daughter of Sir Thomas Leigh, Lord Mayor of London, in January 1599/1600. The couple had three girls, Mary, Elizabeth and Catherine. After his death his widow remarried Sir Thomas Delves, 1st Baronet, and died in 1644.

Roger purchased the Dorfold estate in the parish of Acton near Nantwich in 1602. Shortly afterwards, he gave the estate to his youngest brother, Ralph, who built the present Dorfold Hall on the site of the earlier hall in 1616–21.

He died on 31 July 1616 at Monken Hadley, Middlesex (now in the London Borough of Barnet), of "an Ague", an acute fever, most likely malaria. He is buried at Monken Hadley. A wall monument by Nicholas Stone commemorating Wilbraham and his family was erected in the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Monken Hadley in 1616, at a cost of £80. It has busts of Wilbraham and his wife, as well as figures of their daughters.

His three daughters inherited an income supposed to amount to £4000 annually. Mary married Sir Thomas Pelham, 2nd Baronet, Elizabeth married her distant cousin Sir Thomas Wilbraham, 2nd Baronet, and Catherine married Sir Henry Delves, 2nd Baronet, the eldest son of her stepfather Sir Thomas by his first wife.

Charitable works

In 1613, Sir Roger founded Wilbraham's Almshouses for the support of six poor men. They were situated at the end of Welsh Row in Nantwich, and were the town's earliest almshouses. He also founded almshouses for the support of two poor men in Acton in the same year. Additionally, he gave £4 to be distributed among the poor of Nantwich on Good Friday every year. He was also active in Monken Hadley, founding almshouses for the care of "six decayed housekeepers" in 1616.

References and sources
References

Sources
de Figueiredo P, Treuherz J. Cheshire Country Houses (Phillimore; 1988) ()
Garton E. Tudor Nantwich: A Study of Life in Nantwich in the Sixteenth Century (Cheshire County Council Libraries and Museums; 1983) ()
Hall J. A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester (2nd edn) (E. J. Morten; 1972) ()
Lamberton A, Gray R. Lost Houses in Nantwich (Landmark Publishing; 2005) ()
Latham FA, ed. Acton (The Local History Group; 1995) ()
Wilbraham R. The journal of Sir Roger Wilbraham, solicitor-general in Ireland and master of requests, for the years 1593–1616, together with notes in another hand, for the years 1642–1649 (Scott HS, ed.) (1902)

External links

1553 births
1616 deaths
16th-century English lawyers
English lawyers
English MPs 1604–1611
English MPs 1614
People from Nantwich
People of Elizabethan Ireland
Solicitors-General for Ireland
Ludgrove
Members of the Parliament of England for Callington

Roger Wilbraham


Carbochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of coal (bituminous coal, coal tar, anthracite, lignite, graphite, and charcoal) into useful products and raw materials. The processes that are used in carbochemistry include degasification processes such as carbonization and coking, gasification processes, and liquefaction processes.

History
The beginning of carbochemistry goes back to the 16th century. At that time, large quantities of charcoal were needed for the smelting of iron ores. Since the production of charcoal required large amounts of slowly-regenerating wood, the use of coal was studied. The use of pure coal was difficult because of the amount of liquid and solid by-products that were generated. In order to improve the handling the coal was initially treated as wood in kilns to produce coke.

Around 1684, John Clayton discovered that coal gas generated from coal was combustible. He described his discovery in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

See also
 Bergius process
 Clean coal technology
 Coal tar
 Fischer–Tropsch process
 Petrochemistry
 Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program

References

Chemical engineering

Carbochemistry


Ikon is a band from Melbourne, Australia.  Ikon blends darkwave and post-punk music, following the footsteps of influences such as Joy Division and early New Order.

History
Chris McCarter (vocals, guitar, programming) and Dino Molinaro (bass) began to write songs as high school students in 1988, inspired by their love of alternative music. In 1991, the original band name Death in the Dark was replaced by IKON. The band's original singer Michael Carrodus joined them in creating the first two albums In the Shadow of the Angel (1994) and Flowers for the Gathering (1996), which drew IKON to the attention of goth music fans in Europe and America through their signing to Apollyon and Metropolis. Music journalist Mick Mercer called them "pioneers in the Gothic genre".

The band continued to evolve in musical style after the departure of Carrodus in 1997. This Quiet Earth (1998) heralded a development in McCarter's musical composition, spawning popular singles Subversion and Ghost in My Head. While the inclusion of electronic elements on the album shook up some fans of the band's earlier Joy Division-influenced sound, IKON's blend of traditional rock with electronics proved original and distinguished them from bands of the era who imitated the first wave of gothic bands.

On the Edge of Forever (2001) ushered in a return to live performance. Drummer David Burns and guitarist Anthony Griffiths (both of whom joined the band in late-1998) were integral to the development of the album, which abandoned the electronic experimentation of This Quiet Earth and returned to IKON's rock roots.  Nevertheless, DAC charting singles such as The Shallow Sea revealed further nuances to the band's musical capacities, with its acoustic, dreamy melody.

The rejuvenated IKON set out on its first European tour in August 2001, the first of eight tours to come, which included a slot at Eurorock and a glimpse of how greatly their music had made an impact on the other side of the world. After this successful tour, the band was invited to play at the M'era Luna festival in 2002, with billing alongside The Sisters of Mercy, HIM, Soft Cell and London After Midnight and then their first of three appearances at Wave Gotik Treffen in 2003.

After this extremely successful period of live international performances, IKON was once again back to original members McCarter and Molinaro, with Clifford Ennis joining the band for the first time. The band released the highly acclaimed Psychic Vampire EP (2004), which became the biggest-selling IKON single to date and marked a transition to a powerful, aggressive rock sound and is a testament to the growth in McCarter's evolving songwriting, honed during years of touring the world.

The EP proved to be the perfect training run for the composition of one of IKON's most striking albums, Destroying the World to Save It (2005), which produced chart successes on both the Native 25 (number 21 Best Album of 2005, debut at number 8, May 2005) and DAC (Rome number 10 on the singles chart). The album cemented IKON's reputation as not only pioneers in the genre but as a potent and current force in a scene in which EBM/Industrial had become predominant.

Love, Hate and Sorrow, IKON's sixth studio album was released in 2009 and spawned four singles, a DVD single and two video clips. Black Magazin (issue 49) named the first single A Line on a Dark Day the second-best track of 2008 and the song was also named a semi-finalist in the International Songwriting Competition.

In 2010, IKON welcomed back Ennis and Burns. To celebrate the band's 20th anniversary, this line-up is touring Europe in 2011, with another scheduled appearance at Wave Gotik Treffen. The band has reissued the sought-after original albums In the Shadow of the Angel and Flowers for the Gathering in 4-disc sets (3 CD + DVD), with a LP of the debut album available on coloured vinyl. Echozone also released 2-CD sets of each album.

The future for IKON promises a new recording with its current energetic and creative 4-piece line-up jamming and developing demos. The band will also continue its suite of album re-issues with This Quiet Earth and On the Edge of Forever to be remastered in 2012. Fans can look forward, then, to a perfect blend of old and new, the classics of IKON's past and the possibilities of its future.

Discography

Albums
Everyone Everything Everywhere Ends (2014)
Love, Hate and Sorrow (2009)
Destroying the World to Save It (2005)
On the Edge of Forever (2001)
This Quiet Earth (1998)
Flowers for the Gathering (1996) (Reissued 2011)
In the Shadow of the Angel (1994) (Reissued 2011)

Compilation albums
'The Thirteenth Hour the singles 2007-2020' (3CD 2020)
'Sketches and Blurred Visions' 1991-1993 (2CD/DVD 2018)
"As Time Goes By 2CD (re-issue 2018)
'Like Sounds Through the Hour Glass 1991-2017 (2016)As Time Goes By (The Original IKON) (2007) (reissued 2018 2CD)The Burden of History the Singles 1992-2007 2CD (2007)From Angels to Ashes (2003)Dawn of the Ikonoclast 1991-1997 2CD (1999)The Final Experience (1997 limited edition 1500 copies)A Moment in Time (1995)

EPsTorn Apart 2CD (2010)Driftwood (2010)Amongst the Runes (2008)League of Nations (2007)Psychic Vampire (2004)Ghost in My Head (1998)The Echoes of Silence (1994)

 DVD singles
"A Line on a Dark Day" (2010)

Singles
"Silence is Calling" (7"single Australia 2020)
"A Line on a Dark Day" (7"single Australia 2020)
"Ghost in My Head" (7"single Australia 2019)
"As Time Goes By" (7"single Australia 2018)
"I Never Wanted You" (7"/CD single Australia 2016)
"Psychic Vampire" (7"/CD single Australia 2016)
"Gruss Vom Krampus" (7" single Holland 2015)
"Black Noise" (12" single Australia 2016)
"Black Noise" (7"/CD single Australia 2015)
"Blood of Love" (7"/CD single Australia 2015)
"Stolen" (7"/CD single Australia 2014)
"I Burn For You" (7"/CD single Australia 2014)
"Subversion" (7"/CD single Australia 2013)
"Azkadelia" (7"/CD single USA 2012)
"Where Do I Go from Here" (CD single Australia 2011)
"Broken Windows" (12" single/CD single USA 2011)
"Without Shadows" (CD single Australia 2006)
"Rome" (CD single Germany 2005)
"Death by Dawn" (7" Single Germany 2005)
"I Never Wanted You" ( CD single Australia 2004)
"Psychic Vampire" (CD single Australia 2004)
"Ceremony" (CD single Australia 2003)
"Afterlife" (CD single Australia 2002)
"Afterlife" (7" Single Australia 2002)
"Blue Snow Red Rain" (10" Single Germany 2001)
"The Shallow Sea Pt. 2" (CD single Australia 2000)
"The Shallow Sea Pt. 1" (CD single Germany 2000)
"Lifeless" (CD single Germany 1999)
"Reality Is Lost" (CD single 1999)
"Subversion" (CD single Germany 1998)
"Subversion" (CD single USA 1998)
"Life Without End" (CD single Germany 1996)
"In a Lonely Place" (CD single Germany 1995)
"Condemnation" (7" Single Germany 1995)
"The Echoes of Silence" (7" Single Australia 1994)
"Why" (7" Single Australia 1992)

Unofficial releasesBlack Friday (Live at the Blackout Club, Rome, Italy) (2003)Twilight Zone (Live at Eurorock Belgium 2001) (7" Single/2003)Tyranny of Distance (Live in Australia 2002) (2002)A Tale from the Darkside (Live in Berlin 2001) (2001)Black Radio (Live at Esplanade Hotel, Melbourne 1994) (2001)The Trial of Destiny (live in Melbourne 1999) (2000)Secrets Within (rare tracks) (1999)Black Radio (Live at Esplanade Hotel, Melbourne 1994) (12" vinyl LP/1995)Thank You Very Much, Goodnight (Live in Melbourne 1994) (1994)Out of Balance, Out of Tune'' (Live in Melbourne 92/93) (1993)

Members

Current
Chris McCarter (vocals/guitars/programming)
Dino Molinaro (bass)
David Burns (drums)
Clifford Ennis (vocals/guitar)

Former
Michael Aliani (aka Carrodus) (vocals)
Anthony Griffiths (guitars/vocals)
Valerios Calocerinos (bass)
Maurice Molella (drums)
Anthony Cornish (guitar)

References

External links
Official IKON website
IKON on MySpace.com
IKON at Last.fm

Victoria (state) musical groups
Australian gothic rock groups
Musical groups established in 1991
Australian dark wave musical groups
Metropolis Records artists
1991 establishments in Australia

Ikon (Australian band)


Acts of Vengeance is a 2017 action thriller film directed by Isaac Florentine. It stars Antonio Banderas as a lawyer avenging the deaths of his wife and daughter. The film also features Karl Urban, Paz Vega, and Cristina Serafini.

Plot
The wife and daughter of Pittsburgh lawyer Frank Valera (Antonio Banderas), Sue (Cristina Serafini) and Olivia, are killed shortly after a talent show in which Olivia sings a song for Frank, and their bodies are dumped in a hole near the train yard. Before the murder, Sue sent a video of Olivia's performance to Frank. After the funeral, Frank's father-in-law Chuck (Robert Forster) confronts him and tells him not to speak to him anymore. Frank visits the police station to discuss the murders, and Pittsburgh Police Detective Bill Lustiger (Johnathan Schaech) informs him that the police found a gold fiber at the murder scene. Lustiger suspects that the murderers belong to the Russian mafia, which operates in the area of the crime.

After subjecting himself to beatings in an illegal mixed martial arts ring to atone for his perceived guilt for the murders, Frank is rescued by Pittsburgh Police officer Hank Strode (Karl Urban), whom Frank met earlier at the station. However, when Strode informs Frank that his family's case has become "cold," Frank leaves, dismayed and depressed. Later, when getting involved in a fight to help a child prostitute, Frank falls through a window of a book store, where he fortuitously grabs Marcus Aurelius' Meditations to help stop the bleeding of a leg wound. Frank reads parts of the book and changes his attitude about what he should do next and how he should proceed, adopting a Stoic philosophy. He then takes a Stoic vow of silence until the case is solved and sets out to learn the skills required to do so.

After learning combat skills with masters of karate and Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Frank goes to the train yard, where the crime took place, to investigate. He encounters Russian thugs and defeats them, though he is injured in the process by a bullet. A nurse, Alma (Paz Vega), arrives and brings him to her home to treat his injuries. The next day, Frank returns to his home. On the way, he adopts a dog previously owned by his attackers. Later, Alma approaches to return his wallet, which he left at her place. Alma learns about his family's death and the yard, and she befriends him.

Frank attempts to find the potential witness who lives in a makeshift shelter, but he loses him. As he drives Alma home later, she reveals that the shelter Frank investigated was the home of a man called "Mr. Shivers"  (Clint Dyer), who works as a cook at the local diner. After he drops Alma off, Russian gang members appear and ask Alma if she is going to continue supplying drugs to them. Frank suddenly appears and incapacitates them. She explains that she worked with them for a year, stealing drugs from the hospital for them. Frank takes her to his home for her safety.

Frank finds Mr. Shivers working in the kitchen of a diner; they fight. Frank shows his family picture to Shivers, who witnessed the murders from his shelter. Shivers says that a police officer committed the murders. Frank then sneaks into the police station and finds that Hank Strode was assigned to patrol that particular district on the night of the murders.

After several days of following Strode, Frank enters Strode's house and finds a police jacket with gold fibers coming loose from an embroidered sleeve badge. Frank also finds a bag that contains magazines with Frank on the cover, news articles about Strode's 12-year-old daughter's murder, and Frank's legal defense of the suspect, who was freed on a technicality. Strode wanted Frank to suffer for freeing the suspect, and he wanted Frank to know what Strode felt. Frank leaves a note for Strode, saying that he will meet at a warehouse. As Strode arrives, a fight ensues, leaving both injured. Managing to subdue Strode, Frank overcomes his desire to kill him upon remembering Aurelius' quote, "The best revenge is to be unlike your enemy," and instead knocks Strode out.

Later, after Strode's trial and conviction, Frank and Alma visit the graves of his wife and daughter, where Frank finally ends his vow of silence by saying "I love you" to his family's graves.

Cast
Antonio Banderas as Frank Valera
Karl Urban as Officer Hank Strode
Paz Vega as Alma
Clint Dyer as Mr. Shivers
Cristina Serafini as Susan Valera
Lillian Blankenship as Olivia Valera
Robert Forster as Chuck
Velislav Pavlov as Colonel
Jonathan Schaech as Detective Bill Lustiger
Mark Rhino Smith as Police Officer
Atanas Srebrev as Senior Partner
Raicho Vasilev as Timofei
Elizabeth Brace as Young Girl
Isaac Florentine as Karate Sensei
Tim Man as Jiu-Jitsu Sensei

Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 55% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on four critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

References

External links

2017 films
2017 action thriller films
American action thriller films
2010s English-language films
English-language Bulgarian films
American films about revenge
Films about lawyers
Films directed by Isaac Florentine
Films scored by Frederik Wiedmann
Films set in Bulgaria
Films set in Pittsburgh
Bulgarian action films
Bulgarian thriller films
Films shot in Bulgaria
Films produced by Boaz Davidson
2010s American films

Acts of Vengeance (film)


Aileen LeBell Eaton (February 5, 1909 – November 15, 1987) was a boxing and professional wrestling promoter who was influential in the United States' west coast's boxing and wrestling scene for five decades. In 2002, she was the first woman inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

Eaton was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She attended Los Angeles High School.

Her second husband, Cal Eaton, was a boxing promoter in Los Angeles. She got involved in her husband's business in 1942. During her career as a promoter, Eaton would get involved with big-name promoters and fighters, sometimes traveling to other states in search of business.  Eaton is the mother of martial artist and professional wrestler Gene LeBell and professional wrestling promoter Mike LeBell.

Cal died in 1966. Nicknamed The Redhead, Eaton took over presidency of her husband's company and went on to stage more than 10,000 boxing bouts and as many wrestling matches at the L.A. Olympic Auditorium, promoting such fighters as Floyd Patterson, Danny Lopez, Carlos Palomino, Joe Frazier and George Foreman before she retired in 1980. When alongside her husband, she had also helped promote fights of Sugar Ray Robinson and Carmen Basilio, among others.

In 1994, she was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Eaton was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002, the first woman in the hall. In 2011, Eaton, along with her sons Gene and Mike LeBell, was inducted into National Wrestling Alliance's Hall of Fame.

Eaton appeared as a contestant on the panel game show What's My Line? on October 22, 1961. A panel of Arlene Francis, Barry Nelson, Dorothy Kilgallen and Bennett Cerf was unable to guess Eaton's occupation as a boxing promoter.

See also
NWA Hollywood Wrestling

References

1909 births
1987 deaths
American boxing promoters
Professional wrestling promoters
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesswomen
NWA Hollywood Wrestling

Aileen Eaton


"Shakin' All Over" is a song originally performed by Johnny Kidd & the Pirates. It was written by leader Johnny Kidd, and his original recording reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in August 1960.  The song is sometimes credited to Frederick Albert Heath, which is Kidd's real name. Kidd's recording was not a hit outside Europe. In other parts of the world the song is better known by recordings from other artists.

A version by Chad Allan and the Expressions, later known as The Guess Who, was recorded in December 1964. It reached #1 in Canada in the spring of 1965, #22 in the US and #27 in Australia. Another famous recording by The Who was featured on their 1970 album Live at Leeds.

Normie Rowe's 1965 version reached No. 1 in Australia as a double A-side with "Que Sera Sera".

History

Johnny Kidd version
The musicians who performed on the original recording were Johnny Kidd (vocals), Alan Caddy (rhythm guitar), Brian Gregg (bass), Clem Cattini (drums) and Joe Moretti (lead guitar). Kidd was quoted as saying: When I was going round with a bunch of lads and we happened to see a girl who was a real sizzler, we used to say that she gave us 'quivers down the membranes'. It was a standard saying with us referring to any attractive girl. I can honestly say that it was this more than anything that inspired me to write "Shakin' All Over".

The Twiliters version
In 1964, a band from Plattsburgh, New York called the Twiliters recorded a version of "Shakin' All Over" and released it on the B-side of a single. Bill Kennedy, the leader of the group, had heard the song while stationed in Germany with the US Air Force. The A-side was called "(Everybody's Goin' To) Rollerland" and the songs were recorded before a crowd at the local Rollerland skating rink featuring Bruce Danville on lead guitar. It was released by Empire Records and gained some regional success but did not chart.

The Guess Who version
The song gained more fame after it was recorded in Winnipeg in December 1964 by a group called Chad Allan and the Expressions. In the spring of 1965 the record became a #1 hit in Canada. The group's label Quality Records credited the artist as "Guess Who?" in an attempt to disguise their origin and hint that the group might be a British Invasion act. The actual name was revealed a few months later, but radio DJs continued to announce the artist as "Guess Who?". This prompted the group to change their name to The Guess Who. This version was also a #22 hit in the United States. In 1975 The Guess Who recorded a new song called "When The Band Was Singin' 'Shakin' All Over'".  Though it makes lyrical reference to the original, this is a distinctly different song.

Mae West Version
Actress and singer Mae West released a version of "Shakin' All Over" on the LP Way Out West, released in the US by Tower Records in 1966. In the UK it appeared on the Stateside label.

Normie Rowe version
The Guess Who's version also became a #27 hit in Australia, but another version became a national #1 hit in late 1965 for Normie Rowe.  Rowe's version (backed by "Que Sera Sera") was one of the biggest-selling singles of the decade in that country. Rowe had recorded his take on the song before The Guess Who, and based his release on a 1962 version by Johnny Chester.

The Who version

The song has been performed many times by The Who, starting in the 1960s, (sometimes in a medley with "Spoonful"). The best known performances were at Woodstock in 1969 and on Live at Leeds in 1970. In Randy Bachman's autobiography, he says that when he met Who bass player John Entwistle, he was told that people constantly got The Who and The Guess Who mixed up. Tired of being yelled at for not playing the song, the Who started playing it just to keep the crowd happy.  Bachman responded that the Guess Who had the same reasons for playing "My Generation". Entwistle, a fan of 1950s and 1960s rock and roll and rockabilly music, also performed the song with his solo band and incorporated a bass solo into the middle of the song, accompanied only by his drummer Steve Luongo.

Suzi Quatro version
Suzi Quatro included her version on her debut album, Suzi Quatro (1973).

Tin Machine version
Tin Machine included a live version in their single You Belong in Rock n' Roll (1991).

The Head Cat version
The Head Cat also recorded this song in their second studio album, Walk the Walk...Talk the Talk (2001).

Cows version
Minneapolis noise rock band Cows featured a version titled "Shaking" on their second studio album Daddy Has a Tail! (1989)

Van Morrison version
The first single from his 45th studio album, Accentuate the Positive (2023), is a version of "Shakin' All Over".

References in popular culture

The Guess Who version was included in the Battlefield Vietnam soundtrack. It can also be heard in the 2006 Edie Sedgwick biopic, Factory Girl. The Guess Who version was also featured in a Hugo Boss XY and XX Fragrance commercial, featuring Jonathan Rhys Meyers and Bette Franke.
The song was referenced in a 1975 song by The Guess Who titled "When The Band Was Singin' 'Shakin' All Over'".
"Shakin' All Over" was featured several times in the UK TV series Heartbeat (1992 - 2007) (usually the version by Johnny Kidd and the Pirates) and in the first ever episode of the UK TV series The Royal on 19 January 2003.
Shakin' All Over is the name of a CBC Television documentary on Canadian rock music in the 1950s and 1960s.
The song is featured in the Mr. Bean episode "Mind the Baby, Mr. Bean".
The Pirates version of the song was featured in the film Crooked House.
A version by Wanda Jackson appears during the end credits of Bridesmaids, as taken from her album The Party Ain't Over (2011).
The album Sea of Tears by Eilen Jewell includes the track.
A cover of the song by Rose Hill Drive is included on the game soundtrack for Stubbs the Zombie (2005).
The Johnny Kidd and the Pirates version was played over the end credits in S02E03 of the television series Britannia.
A cover by Fugazi was included for their 1999 album Instrument Soundtrack.

References

External links
 Musicdish.com

1960 songs
1960 singles
1965 singles
The Guess Who songs
Humble Pie (band) songs
The Beach Boys songs
Van Morrison songs
Wanda Jackson songs
Willy Moon songs
Number-one singles in Australia
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Quality Records singles

Shakin' All Over


A king is a male monarch who rules a country or territory which is a monarchy. The person usually inherits the title and position. A king comes to power when the previous monarch dies, who is usually a family member of his, most likely a parent. Sometimes a person may become king due to the previous monarch's abdication, for example George VI (who became King of Britain after his brother decided to abdicate).

If a country has a king or a queen, that means it is a monarchy. A country which a king or queen rules is called a kingdom.

For most of history, most countries were ruled in this way, especially in Europe. However, most countries, such as France, decided to become republics. Some, such as the United Kingdom, still have a royal family. In some countries, people chose a new king from other people to decide from.

The wife of a king is called a queen. A woman who becomes a ruler because of inheritance is also called a queen.

In the Muslim world a King would be known as Malik, Sultan or shah.

Shah (Persian: شاه) is a Persian word which means the king or ruler of a country. The term "Shah" often means Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran from 1949 to 1979.

Some modern kings today include Charles III of the United Kingdom and Felipe VI of Spain.

Related pages
 Shah
 Emperor
 Prince
 Queen
 Princess
 Sultan
 Duke

King


Joseph Nisbet LeConte (February 7, 1870 – February 1, 1950) was an American explorer of the Sierra Nevada. He was also a cartographer, a photographer and a professor of mechanical engineering.

Early life
Joseph Nisbet LeConte was born in Oakland, California to Joseph and Caroline (Nisbet) LeConte. He went by "Little Joe" among friends, because he was of short stature and was the son of geology professor Joseph LeConte.
He often went by J. N. LeConte in photographs and articles.   He entered the University of California, Berkeley in 1887, earning a B.S. degree in 1891.  He received a Master of Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University in 1892, and was appointed assistant professor of mechanical engineering at U.C. Berkeley that August, beginning by teaching kinematics of machinery.

Career
Starting in 1912, he taught analytical mechanics for over 20 years.  German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered x-rays in 1895, and his first research paper was published at the end of December.  An Austrian newspaper reported the results a week later.  After reading those reports, LeConte found cathode ray tubes that his late uncle John LeConte had obtained for the university's physics lab.  LeConte and his associates were able to construct an x-ray machine and produce images of a bullet lodged in the arm of a young boy within a week of the newspaper reports of Röntgen's discovery. LeConte also studied the materials problems of gas turbines, and built a harmonic analyzer to study the performance of electric power transmission lines. He was a professor at U.C. Berkeley for his entire career that lasted 45 years.

LeConte loved mountaineering from the time he was a teenager and went all over the Sierra Nevada exploring, sometimes for several weeks.  He produced the first map of the central Sierra Nevada for the Sierra Club, based on his exploration.  At that time, USGS maps were not available. Along with James S. Hutchinson and Duncan McDuffie, he pioneered a high mountain route in 1908 from Yosemite National Park to Kings Canyon, roughly along the route of the modern John Muir Trail.  In 28 days, they completed a trip of 228 miles through the high mountains, including several previously unexplored sections.

An avid photographer, he took many photos of the Sierra Nevada, including the High Sierra and Hetch Hetchy Valley before it was flooded by the dam.  He worked with heavy, fragile dry glass plates that had to be transported with great care throughout the wilderness.  In 1944, Ansel Adams evaluated his work: "Never intentionally 'arty', most of his compositions reveal a sensitive reaction to the finest moments of the mountain scene.  It is this quality that differentiates between a mere record and a creative, sympathetic statement."

A charter and lifelong member of the Sierra Club, he held several positions of leadership in it.  After John Muir died, he served as the club's second president (1915-1917). He was instrumental in helping create the John Muir Trail through the High Sierra as a tribute to his predecessor.
He sat on the Sierra Club Board of Directors from 1898 through 1940, and at various times was vice president, secretary, treasurer, and outings chair.

In 1901 he married Helen Gompertz, whom he met in the Sierra Club.

LeConte Point in Hetch Hetchy Valley and Le Conte Avenue at the southern border of UCLA in Westwood Village, Los Angeles are named after him.

References

 Joseph N. LeConte, A Yosemite Camping Trip 1889 (Bancroft Library, 1990). Diary and Kodak snapshots of a family camping trip.
 Holway R. Jones, John Muir and the Sierra Club: The Battle for Yosemite (Sierra Club, 1965). Has portrait of Joseph N. LeConte and about 16 large photographic plates  taken by him of Hetch Hetchy Valley.

External links

Guide to the LeConte Family Papers at The Bancroft Library
John Muir Exhibit (Sierra Club) sketch
The Peaks and The Professors by Ann Lage
The role of the Engineer's Office in the development of the University of California campuses : transcript, 1960

1870 births
1950 deaths
American explorers
Sierra Club presidents
Explorers of California
American mountain climbers
Photographers from California
People from Oakland, California
History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
20th-century American photographers

Joseph Nisbet LeConte


Kasia Maria Stankiewicz (born 2 June 1977, Działdowo, Poland) is a Polish pop singer.

She started her career in 1995 singing a song by Varius Manx, a multi-platinum Polish band, in the TV song contest Szansa na sukces (A Chance for Success).

In 1999 she recorded her first solo album, Kasia Stankiewicz, with soul and jazz compositions. In 2001 Kasia Stankiewicz recorded "The Bridge Song" with the German electronic music group Tangerine Dream. The single promoted their new album around the world. In 2003 she produced and published a new album called Extrapop. The first single "Schyłek lata" (The End of Summer) was a smash hit in Poland, and two other singles "Francuzeczka" (The French Girl) and "Saint Etienne" were successful too. Kasia also left behind her "good girl" image.

In 2006 Stankiewicz released a new album called Mimikra (Mimicry). She released two singles from the album: "4 ręce" (4 Hands) and "Marzec" (March). On the album was also a song called Dla Frycka which Stankiewicz wrote for her first-born son. A third single from the album is "W środku myśli" (In the Center of Thoughts). It was one of the ten chosen songs to take part in the preliminary to the Sopot Music Festival.

During 2008 Kasia Stankiewicz performed and recorded "Baby w Meksyku" on the Te 30 Urodziny (30th Birthday)  album of Martyna Jakubowicz along with other artists recordings and two new songs performed by Jakubowicz.

In December 2012, she produced a two-disc re-release of "Extrapop". There is original material on disc 2, and some remixes and the song "Run" for the series "Londoners". Kasia Stankiewicz performed Dancing with balloons in English on TVP Polonia in Poland in 2013 to promote her work.

The album, entitled "Lucy and the Loop" was released in October 2014 by Warner Music Poland. The first single "Lucy" premiered on 22 August 2014.
The album was in English, Stankiewicz recorded it in studios in Great Britain, Poland and Iceland. Among the track list of the CD were Lucy, Soul, Up	and Dancing With Balloons among others. In 2016 Varius Manx & Kasia Stankiewicz released the 25 live 2-CD album. Varius Manx and Kasia Stankiewicz did a  25th anniversary concert at CKK Jordanki Concert Hall, in 2017 and other notable locations during their jubilee concert tour.

Discography

Studio albums

Music videos

References

1977 births
Living people
People from Działdowo
Polish pop singers
Polish lyricists
21st-century Polish singers
21st-century Polish women singers

Kasia Stankiewicz


The Château de Durban is a ruined castle in the village of Durban-Corbières in the Aude département of southwestern France.

History
The castle was built on Roman remains in the 11th century for the lords of Durban, first mentioned in a document of 1018. The Lords of Durban were vassals of the viscounts of Narbonne. In the 12th century the powerful Durban family owned Leucate and Fabrezan as well as lands and rights over Fontjoncouse and Villesèque. The castle was the property of Bernard de Durban in the 12th century. In 1229, Guillaume de Durban swore allegiance to the king of France and thus kept his lands, despite his ancestors' earlier links, though not adherence, with the Cathars.

In the 16th century, influenced by Renaissance architecture, the north and west walls were pierced and decorated with magnificent windows, with marble columns and sculpted lintels, which were restored in 1972.

The last direct descendant of the Durbans to own the castle was Joseph de Gléon, Baron of Durban, who died aged 82 without heirs in 1787. The last inheritor of the castle sold it in 1873 to Paul Combes, who intended to use the stone as building material and had destroyed large parts of the structure by the end of the 19th century. It was abandoned and then occupied by a Spanish soldier, who lived in the one room remaining. The castle subsequently became public property and continued to be used as a source of stone.

The only remains today are the north face of the main building, a round staircase tower and a square tower.

In 1967, archaeological excavations were carried out. In 1980, efforts were made to preserve the remains and in 1989 the castle was acquired by the commune.

The castle today
Today, the castle belongs to the commune and is cared for by the Comité de Sauvegarde du Vieux Durban (Committee for the Safeguarding of Old Durban). It has been listed since 1926 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Gallery

See also
List of castles in France

References
 Comité de Sauvegarde du Vieux Durban: Historique du Château (displayed on site)

External links

 Official site of Durban Corbières

 Ministry of Culture photos

Ruined castles in Occitania (administrative region)
Monuments historiques of Aude

Château de Durban


Michael Stewart Pease OBE (2 October 1890 – 27 July 1966) was a British classical geneticist at Cambridge University.

Michael Pease was the son of Edward Reynolds Pease, writer and a founding member of the Fabian Society, of the Pease family of Quakers. He was educated at Bedales School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was elected chairman of the Cambridge University Fabian Society. On 24 February 1920 he married Helen Bowen Wedgwood, daughter of the Labour politician Josiah Wedgwood IV (later 1st Baron Wedgwood), of the Wedgwood pottery family at Chelsea Register Office. Their children include the physicist Bas Pease and Jocelyn Richenda Gammell Pease (1925–2003), who married the Nobel Prize–winning biologist Andrew Huxley.

He worked at the Genetical Institute of Cambridge as assistant to Reginald Crundall Punnett, who created the first auto-sexing chicken breeds, the Cambar and Legbar, in which the sex of day-old chicks was clearly distinguishable from the plumage. When, in 1930, a separate poultry research facility was established, Pease headed it. He also served as a Labour councillor on the Cambridge County Council for Girton.  He was appointed to be an Ordinary Officers of the Civil Division of the Order of the British Empire in 1966 for political and public services in Cambridgeshire.

He was held in the civilian internment camp at Ruhleben, near Berlin, during the First World War. His father, a Major at the time, asked whether he could be exchanged for a German prisoner wishing to return to Berlin, but without success. While interned Pease tried to get gardens put into the camp and on 27 April 1916 gave a lecture on dancing in Elizabethan times.

References

External links

 Fisher-Pease correspondence
 The Peerage

1890 births
1966 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British geneticists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
World War I civilian detainees held by Germany
British World War I prisoners of war
Michael
People from Girton, Cambridgeshire
People educated at Bedales School

Michael Pease


Glen Keane (born April 13, 1954) is an American animator, author and illustrator. He worked as a character animator at Walt Disney Animation Studios for movies such as The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), Pocahontas (1995), Tarzan (1999) and Tangled (2010). Keane was awarded the 1992 Annie Award for character animation. In 2013, he was named a Disney Legend.

In 2017, Keane directed Dear Basketball, an animated short movie based on Kobe Bryant's retirement poem. At the 90th Academy Awards, Keane and Bryant won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film for their work on Dear Basketball.

Keane was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is the son of cartoonist Bil Keane, creator of The Family Circus, and Australian-born Thelma Keane. He grew up in Paradise Valley, Arizona. He married Linda Hesselroth in 1975. The couple have two children. Keane has aphantasia.

References

Other websites

1954 births
Living people
Academy Award winning directors
American animators
American movie directors
Disney animators
Annie Award winners
Writers from Philadelphia
Writers from Arizona

Glen Keane


A  is an authorized representative of a company or unincorporated business under Japanese commercial law.

A shihainin has full legal authority to represent the company/business at the place of business to which the shihainin is assigned. This authority may be restricted, but any restriction is unassertable against a third party acting in good faith.

The status is often granted to the managers of regional or local offices of the company, as well as to managers at the head office. Directors and corporate officers (but not statutory auditors) may be granted shihainin status in addition to any other titles they hold within the company. The term can lead to confusion in translation, as the literal translation of "manager" may be confused with internal "manager" titles that do not necessarily denote shihainin status.

In most businesses, the term is mainly used in corporate legal documents. However, it is popular in certain industries, such as hotels and restaurants, as the sole designation for the manager of a particular property.

Company shihainin are generally appointed by the board of directors. Their name, date of birth, residential address and place of business is recorded in the commercial register at the Legal Affairs Bureau and kept as public record.

References

Japanese business law
Japanese business terms

Shihainin


David Murphy (born 23 August 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

Murphy, a pacy wingman, partnered Greg Williams in the Swans' midfield during the late 1980s. He represented Victoria and New South Wales in State of Origin and earned All-Australian selection for his performance in the 1988 Bicentennial Carnival in Adelaide.

When questioned about this for Inside Football, Murphy stated, "But it's true about me never living in Victoria. I wore the Big V, but never once lived anywhere but in New South Wales."

Murphy's early youth was spent in Finley, but he moved to the Wagga Wagga suburb of Turvey Park, thereby allowing the Swans to recruit him.

In 2003 Murphy was selected on the wing in the Swans' official 'Team of the Century'.

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from New South Wales
Sydney Swans players
All-Australians (1953–1988)
New South Wales Australian rules football State of Origin players
Sportspeople from Wagga Wagga
Victorian State of Origin players

David Murphy (Australian rules footballer)


The Nishinihon International Music Competition is a music competition held in Fukuoka, Japan. The competition has been held for over 56 years. The competition has provided talented musicians from West Japan (Nishinihon in Japanese). There have been more than 1000 participants. Starting from the 54th competition, the area of audition has been expanded from West Japan to the Nationwide and the world. More prominent jury members have been invited as well. The competition aims to introduce new talents from Fukuoka Prefecture.

It is open to applicants for Piano, Voice, Violin and other String instruments, Wind instruments.

External links
Competition homepage
Competition homepage (in Japanese)

Piano competitions
Violin competitions
Singing competitions
Music competitions in Japan


Galaxy 10R was an American communications satellite which was operated by PanAmSat, and later Intelsat. It was constructed by Hughes and is based on the HS-601HP satellite bus. Launch occurred on 25 January 2000, at 01:04. The launch was contracted by Arianespace, and used an Ariane 4 42L-3 carrier rocket flying from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre.

Galaxy 10R was built to replace the Galaxy 10 satellite, which had been lost in a launch failure on the maiden flight of the Delta III in 1998. It was launched just fourteen months after the contract to build the satellite had been signed, due to Hughes' advance production of components to allow quick production of replacement satellites.

Following its launch and on-orbit testing, it was placed in geostationary orbit at 123° West, from where it provided communications services to North America. It was expected to remain in service for fifteen years, however following a malfunction of its Xenon Ion Propulsion System in August 2004, this was reduced. It was retired to a graveyard orbit in June 2008.

References

Satellites using the BSS-601 bus
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 2000

Galaxy 10R