Burkhard Malich (born 29 November 1936 in Schweidnitz, Silesia (now Świdnica, Poland)) is a German chess Grandmaster. He is a retired university lecturer who received his Ph. D in 1971 and until 2001 taught Byzantine history at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.

Chess career
Malich learned chess in 1948 at the age of 12. Three years later he won the East German Youth Championship, repeating the feat in 1953. Malich won the individual championship of East Germany in 1957 and 1973, and six times finished second. At the international level, he qualified for the zonal tournaments in 1963 and 1974 and won tournaments at Zinnowitz in three consecutive years from 1969 to 1971, Amsterdam in 1971, Děčín in 1976 and Leipzig in 1977.

Malich also played successfully in several team competitions, 10 times winning the East German Team Championship as a member of the SV Wissenschaft Halle, SC Chemie Halle and Buna Halle teams. After the German reunification, Malich played in the 1990/1991 season for Buna Halle and in the 1993/1994 for PSV Duisburg in the Chess Bundesliga.

He played for the East German team in all eight Olympiads between 1958 and 1972, and won the bronze medal in the 1970 European Team Chess Championship. In 2004, he was a member of the winning German team in the inaugural World Senior Team Championship.

He continues to play in team events, and as of July 2013 has an Elo rating of 2347.

External links

 We warmly congratulate Burkhard Malich on his 70th birthday - biographical details (in German)

1936 births
Living people
German chess players
East German chess players
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors

Burkhard Malich


Broughton in Furness is a market town in the civil parish of Broughton West in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It had a population of 529 at the 2011 Census. It is located on the south western boundary of England's Lake District National Park, and in the Furness region, which is within the historic boundaries of Lancashire.

History
Broughton in Furness is mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of the townships forming the Manor of Hougun held by Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria. Dating from around the eleventh century, the original settlement grew to become the local market town for both fishing and agriculture. Wool was particularly important for the town's development. The town was given a charter in 1575.

The Market Square was formally laid out in 1760 by John Gilpin Sawrey, the Lord of the Manor, who lived at Broughton Tower, a large mansion just a short distance from the Square. Key developments around the Market Square included the market hall.

In the 1990s the A595 road was diverted in an attempt to improve the environment of the town and help it retain its rural feel.

Governance
With Cumbria having retained its two-tier local authority structure, Broughton is located within the Cumbria County Council and the South Lakeland District Council areas. In 1976 the parish councils of Broughton West, Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite, and Angerton were merged, creating Duddon Parish Council.

Geography
It lies near the River Duddon, just inland from the coastal hamlet of Foxfield. Duddon Mosses is a site of special scientific interest with deer, lizards, adders and barn owls.

With just 529 residents, in terms of population, Broughton-in-Furness ranks 5,721 of the 7,727 towns in the UK according to the 2011 census.

Economy
Traditionally the economy was based on fishing and agriculture; there is a regular livestock market. The creation of the National Park in the 1950s produced some tourism for the area, though most tourists still head further north or east into the central lakes. There is a Tourist Information Centre located in the main square.

Culture and community
The Victory Hall has been recently refurbished with Lottery funding and puts on plays and musical events. The town contains, amongst other shops, a Post Office/newsagents, a grocer/butcher, a bakery and a number of pubs/restaurants.

The central obelisk in the town square was constructed to mark the Jubilee of King George III in 1810. Syke House on the western approach is an attractive listed building with datestones of 1655 and 1740.

There is a thriving tennis club with two outdoor courts and there is sailing on Coniston Water. Eccle Riggs is a Victorian manor house to the south of town that is now a leisure club.

Transport

The Furness Railway opened the line from Kirkby to Broughton station in 1848; the
Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway - which amalgamated with the Furness Railway in 1866 - opened its line from Whitehaven into Broughton station in 1850. In 1859, the nominally independent Coniston Railway - which amalgamated with the Furness Railway in 1862 - extended the line through Broughton to Coniston. Nearly 100 years after the opening of the Coniston line, in 1958, the line closed to passengers, goods traffic continuing until 1962, at which point the line was closed and dismantled, the route of which is now a public bridleway for approximately  towards Coniston. Broughton's nearest railway station is now Foxfield railway station,  south west of the town.

The main west-coast road, the A595, used to pass through Broughton until the road along Duddon Mosses through Foxfield was designated as the A595. The stretch of road through Broughton has been designated the number C5009, although A595 can still be seen on older road signage.

Education
There is a Church of England primary school in the town. The old school house, now a private residence, can still be seen on Church Street, close to the pathway to the church.

There are no secondary schools in Broughton with children usually attending John Ruskin School in Coniston, Ulverston Victoria High School or Windermere School. Young people frequently travel to Barrow-in-Furness to attend Furness College and  Barrow Sixth Form College from the age of 16.

Church

The Anglican church dedicated to St Mary Magdalene has its roots in Saxon times but the oldest part of the current building dates to the 12th century.

It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Furness, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle. Its benefice is united with those of four other local parishes. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Notable people
 Richard Parsons is the author of a series of best-selling GCSE study guides.
 Sir Robin Philipson RA (1916–1992) was born in the town.
 Branwell Brontë, brother of the famous literary sisters, lived in Broughton for six months in 1840.

See also

 Listed buildings in Broughton West
 Local Government Act 1972
 Cumbria County Council
 South Lakeland
 Barrow and Furness (UK Parliament constituency)

References

External links

Cumbria County History Trust: Broughton-in-Furness (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
 Visit Broughton Website
The Cumbria Directory - Broughton-in-Furness
Visit Cumbria - Broughton-in-Furness

Market towns in Cumbria
Furness
Towns in Cumbria
South Lakeland District

Broughton-in-Furness


is a Japanese fabric dyeing technique that originated in the Muromachi period.

History
The name tsujigahana translates to "flowers at the crossroads". Documents from the Muromachi and Momoyama periods use the term to describe garments, but are unclear about whether the term refers to color, motifs, or dyeing methods. During the 20th century, scholars redefined tsujigahana to refer to a specific textile technique that uses stitch-resist dyeing (nuishime shibori) and ink painting to decorate a plain weave, lightweight fabric, often silk. The fabric is often further embellished using embroidery and gold leaf.

Historically, tsujigahana garments were worn by the Japanese upper class during the 16th century. After the death of a man, these garments would have been preserved as family heirlooms. However, for tsujigahana garments owned by women, these garments were often donated to Buddhist temples to pay for the memorial service. Temples deconstructed these garments into individual textile fragments and reconfigured them into temple decorations. During the 19th century, Buddhist temples lost the financial protection of the state, and many temples sold these decorations. They began to circulate on the antiques market, and were often deconstructed into the original fabric panels or fragments.

Tsujigahana is a variety of kimono created by the technique of shibori. The extravagant patterns were rather more picturesque and it was more eye-catching than other ordinary kinds of kimono. Tsujigahana technique is in a shroud of mystery as it is not clearly known who invented it or why it was called Tsujigahana. The technique lasted for two era from Muromachi period to Edo period for about 300 to 400 years.  It quickly became forgotten after the rise of Japanese handicrafts technique. But Tsujigahana nevertheless contributed a lot for the decorative art phase in Azuchi-Momoyama period.

20th century revival
The art style was revived by Itchiku Kubota (1917–2003). Although the exact methods for recreating tsujigahana were lost, in 1962, he was able to recreate the style using his own methods, called Itchiku Tsujigahana. His life's work was a series of eighty kimono, known as the Symphony of Light. The series of kimono comprise a panoramic depiction of the four seasons, the oceans, and the universe. Kubota died before completing the collection, and his son, Satoshi Kubota, is continuing the work. Itchiku founded the Itchiku Kubota Art Museum.

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 http://www.kimonoexhibit.com/search.htm
 http://www.somesho.com/kitsuke/17_Gihou/1703_Tsujigahana/index.html
 http://itchiku-tsujigahana.co.jp/artwork/ (in Japanese)

Japanese dyeing techniques

Tsujigahana


Bocaconodon (meaning "La Boca conical tooth") is an early mammaliaform genus that lived during the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of Mexico. The type and only species, Bocaconodon tamaulipensis (referring to Tamaulipas, where the holotype was found), was named and described in 2008. It is known from a single specimen, a partial right dentary bone preserving two nearly complete molar teeth and the rear portion of a third molar. The specimen was found at the Huizachal Canyon locality, "a Pliensbachian floodplain siltstone in the La Boca Formation".

Description
The only known specimen of Bocaconodon (IGM 6617) is a partial right dentary bone, which preserves most of the last two molar teeth and the rear portion of a third molar. The preserved part of the dentary was quite thin from top to bottom, with the thinnest part being beneath the last molar. Behind the tooth row there was a facet that may have housed the coronoid bone. At the rear end of the dentary, there was a depression known as the postdentary trough, where the postdentary bones (homologous to some of the middle ear bones of modern mammals) would have been attached. Since the postdentary bones were attached to the dentary, Bocaconodon may have retained the primitive quadrate-articular jaw joint found in most non-mammalian synapsids, in addition to the newer dentary-squamosal joint found in mammals and other mammaliaforms.

The molars had a "triconodont" shape, with three main cusps aligned in a straight line. In both of the well-preserved teeth, the middle cusp (cusp a) was the largest, the cusp behind it (cusp c) was smaller, and the front cusp (cusp b) was smaller still. Cusp a had an asymmetrical, backwards-curved shape, while cusps b and c were more symmetrical. Cusp b pointed upwards while cusp c was more backwards-pointing. Behind cusp c there was another, smaller cusp (cusp d). The molars bore a narrow ridge on the lingual (inner) side known as the cingulum. The lingual cingulum differed from those of most morganucodonts in lacking any distinct cusps.

Classification
The phylogenetic position of Bocaconodon within mammaliaforms is shown in the cladogram below:

References

Prehistoric mammaliaforms
Prehistoric cynodont genera
Pliensbachian life
Jurassic synapsids
Jurassic Mexico
Fossils of Mexico
Fossil taxa described in 2008
Taxa named by James Hopson
Taxa named by James M. Clark

Bocaconodon


William Henry Holbert (March 14, 1855 – March 20, 1935) was a catcher in the National League and American Association baseball leagues, from 1876 through 1888.  He holds the Major League record for career at-bats without a home run, failing to do so in his 2,335 at-bats. However, he was playing in an era when triples were more common than home runs, due to the spacious parks and poor quality of the balls used.

Bill Holbert started his career with the nascent Louisville Grays of 1876.  He sat out the 1877 year and, in 1878, played for the Milwaukee Grays, followed by the Syracuse Stars, and the Troy Trojans (both in 1879).  Holbert is also credited with managing one game, a loss, in 1879 while with the Syracuse Stars.

He stayed with the Trojans, and the National League, until 1883, when he joined the New York Metropolitans of the new American Association.  The Metropolitans traded him to the Brooklyn Bridegrooms after the 1887 season.  Bill Holbert retired in 1888, playing just 15 games with the Bridegrooms that year.

When the new Players' League started up in 1890, Holbert was one of the original umpires.

Major league career

Bill Holbert's career batting average was a weak .208, with a slugging average at a very low .237.  Although batting averages were generally low in the 19th century and more so for catchers, Holbert's was lower than the average.  The 1879 Syracuse Stars, for example, had a team average of only .227, while Holbert hit .201.  Holbert's best year was 1881, with Troy, when he hit .278.  Even that year, nearly all – 46 out of 49 – of his hits were singles, and his on-base percentage was a mediocre .284.

Nonetheless, he was considered a good defensive catcher, although these talents have been overshadowed by those of Buck Ewing, considered by most to be best catcher of the 19th century.  When not catching, Holbert would often play the outfield; he started 11% of his games there.

See also
List of Major League Baseball player–managers

Notes

References

James, Bill (1988) Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Villard Books, New York.
Nemec, David, (2004), The Beer and Whisky League: The Illustrated History of the American Association—Baseball's Renegade Major League, The Lyons Press.
Sports Metrika, 1887 New York Metropolitans statistics
Sugar, Bert Randolph (2004) The Baseball Maniac's Almanac, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Morris, Peter (2009) Catcher, How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero, Ivan R. Dee, Chicago.

External links
New York Metropolitans 1884 schedule at Baseball Almanac
New York Metropolitans at Baseball Almanac

Major League Baseball catchers
Baseball players from Maryland
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball player-managers
Louisville Grays players
Milwaukee Grays players
Troy Trojans players
New York Metropolitans players
Brooklyn Bridegrooms players
Syracuse Stars (NL) players
People from Laurel, Maryland
Sportspeople from Prince George's County, Maryland
1855 births
1935 deaths
Pittsburgh Allegheny players

Bill Holbert


Mary Jane Fairbrother , known as Mary Jane Warnes (18 July 1877 – 19 June 1959) was an Australian activist who in 1926 established the first South Australian branch of the Country Women's Association (CWA).

Biography
Fairbrother was born in Fullarton, an inner suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, the youngest daughter of Thomas Fairbrother, a gardener, and Jane Mears (née Clarke). She was of English descent. She received her education at Misses Newman's private school in Parkside.

On 12 February 1900, Fairbrother married Isaac James Warnes (1871-1944) at St Augustine's Church in Unley. The couple lived in isolation at Koomooloo in the northeast of South Australia state, though she occasionally made a  trip by horse and cart to Burra to shop and converse with other women.

By the mid 1920s, Warnes was living in Wahroonga, roughly  from Burra. In 1926, she attended an informal conference held by the National Council of Women in Adelaide. Inspired by the meeting, upon her return she formed the Burra Women's Service Association with women representatives from 11 local districts in November.  It became the first South Australian branch of the Country Women's Association (CWA), which formed that year, with Warnes becoming President of the Burra branch. She took an active role in the running of the CWA from the outset, and was influential in the establishment of the metropolitan branch of the group in Adelaide.

Warnes's active work led to her appointment as the State President of the CWA in 1929, a position which she held until 1941. In 1929, she was a delegate to the Rural Women's Conference in London. The following year, Register wrote of her: "Hers is often the guiding hand that steers a smooth path for women on whom the burdens of drought and bad seasons have weighed too heavily". In 1934 she began broadcasting on the radio, and in 1936 she was made an MBE for her services to women issues.

Warnes also presided over the women's branch of the Liberal Federation, and also served with the National Council of Women of South Australia and the League of Nations Union.

Legacy
Warnes died in 1959 and was buried at Burra Cemetery. There are memorials dedicated to her at St. Mary's Church, Burra, the National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame in Alice Springs and at the C.W.A. complex in Kent Town, Adelaide.

References

External links

1877 births
1959 deaths
Australian women's rights activists
Australian women in politics
People from Adelaide
Australian people of English descent
19th-century Australian women
20th-century Australian women

Mary Jane Warnes


Andrew Killian (26 October 1872 – 28 June 1939) was an Irish clergyman and the fourth Archbishop of Adelaide. Born and ordained in Ireland, Killian moved to Australia, where he became Bishop of Port Augusta before succeeding Robert Spence as Archbishop of Adelaide.

Early life

Andrew Killian was born on 26 October 1872 in Edenderry, County Offaly, Ireland.  Son of Nicholas Killian and his wife Eliza Josephine, née Ryan, Killian was educated at Mungret College, Limerick and St Patrick's College, Carlow. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Royal University of Ireland in 1894, and was ordained a Catholic priest on 4 June 1898.

In late 1898, Killian came to Australia where his first appointment was as an assistant priest in Bourke, New South Wales. In 1907, he was transferred to Broken Hill where he demonstrated abilities as a parish administrator, clearing the debt of the parish, overseeing the construction of a school and eventually becoming Vicar General of the diocese. Killian was made a domestic prelate (monsignor) in 1919, and in 1924 was consecrated as bishop of Port Augusta, a position he held until 1933. During his time as Bishop of Port Augusta, Killian would travel over large distances to visit the scattered parishes of the rural diocese.

Archbishop of Adelaide
In July 1933, Killian was appointed as coadjutor archbishop of Adelaide where he assisted the ailing Robert Spence, and after Spence died on 5 November 1934, Killian became Archbishop of Adelaide.

Killian's tenure as archbishop saw Adelaide host the National Catholic Education Congress in 1936, in part as a contribution to the celebrations of the South Australian colony's centenary. While Bishop of Port Augusta, Killian had attended Catholic conferences in Chicago and Dublin, and endeavoured to use the Congress to project South Australian Catholic enthusiasm and make a case for increased public funding of Catholic education. The event took place over one week in November 1936 and hosted bishops and archbishops from Australia and New Zealand, as well as the apostolic delegate to Australia Giovanni Panico. Leading Catholic educators presented papers, and the Congress concluded with a procession of 100,000 people along King William Street. When reflecting on his time as archbishop, Killian listed the conference as one of his proudest achievements, along with the re-opening of Mary MacKillop's school and convent in Penola.

In the last year of his life, Killian suffered from cancer, and on 28 June 1939 he died while undergoing surgery in St Vincent's Private Hospital Melbourne. He was succeeded by Matthew Beovich, who was consecrated as archbishop in early 1940.

Notes

References

External links

Killian, Andrew at the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Online Edition.

20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Australia
Roman Catholic archbishops of Adelaide
1872 births
1939 deaths
People from Edenderry, County Offaly
Alumni of Carlow College
Irish expatriate Roman Catholic archbishops
Irish emigrants to colonial Australia
Roman Catholic bishops of Port Augusta
Christian clergy from County Offaly

Andrew Killian


Roman Zdzisław Wilhelmi (June 6, 1936 in Poznań – November 3, 1991 in Warsaw) was a Polish theatre and film actor, notable for his roles in two of the most popular Polish television series of the 1980s.

In 1958, he graduated from the National Higher School of Theatre in Warsaw and started his career in various Warsaw-based theatres. A talented young actor, he also appeared in numerous films of the time. His stage debut was the role of Stanley in Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire. In 1960, he debuted on screen in the role of Jamot in Aleksander Ford's Teutonic Knights, based on Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel, The Teutonic Knights.

The following years he made his appearance in the role of Olgierd Jarosz in Four Tank Men And A Dog, one of the most popular Polish television series ever. This role gained him much popularity in Poland and made him one of the most popular Polish actors of the time. Other of his notable roles include the appearance as Fornalski in Zaklęte rewiry based on a prose by Henryk Worcell, Nikodemus Dyzma in Career of Nicodemus Dyzma based on a popular novel by Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz and as Stanisław Anioł, an autocratic janitor in Alternatywy 4 TV series. As a stage actor he continued to act in Warsaw-based Ateneum and Nowy theatres. Among the notable roles were Lovka in Sunset by Isaac Babel, the lead role in Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen, McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey and Danton in Danton's Death by Georg Büchner.

In 1981 he won the award for Best Actor at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival for his role in The Moth.

He died of liver cancer on November 3, 1991 in Warsaw.

References

External links

 Roman Wilhelmi at the Akademia Polskiego Filmu
 Roman Wilhelmi at the Culture.pl

Wilhelmi Roman
Polish film actors
Polish male stage actors
Polish television actors
1936 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Polish male actors
Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw alumni

Roman Wilhelmi


The community of Jonsdorf is located in the south of the Kreis Görlitz in the southeast of the German federal state of Saxony. It is embedded into a valley of the Zittau Mountains, part of the Lusatian Mountains.

History
In 1539 Jonsdorf was first mentioned in a document which showed the selling of land to ten new settlers by the monastery of Oybin. In 1547 the whole land of Oybin had been sold to the city of Zittau by Maximilian the Second.

In 1580 Hieronymus Richter established the first sandstone quarry inside the rock formations surrounding Jonsdorf to produce millstones. Some decades later, in 1667, the city-council of Zittau decided to found some additional quarries in the district between Jonsdorf and Waltersdorf. The production of millstone ended in 1917.

In the next years the two villages grew. After cutting down a forest between the villages of old and new Jonsdorf in 1731, both parts of the villages were unified. The construction of a church in Jonsdorf started in the same year.

Like many other villages and towns in Upper Lusatia, Jonsdorf established a special kind of industry in the 18th and 19th century - the weaving of linen. The first touristic development in the village started in 1841 when Karl Linke opened the first cold water cure house (Kaltwasseranstalt) applying hydrotherapy. The spa-tourism became more and more important in the years later. In 1890 a narrow-gauge railway link was opened between Zittau and Jonsdorf and helped the village to flourish.

After the end of World War II and the arrival of expelled Sudeten Germans from Bohemia, a small development programme was set up that included the construction of an icedome and a forest theatre in the 1950s. In 1984 a new school was opened. New projects after the reunification of Germany improved the economical structure even further. A leisure centre with an ice rink went into operation in 1996, and in 2004 a butterfly house (Schmetterlingshaus) was opened.

Sights

The most important sights of the village are the mountains and rock formations that surround it, which often have very bizarre shapes. The village itself offers some special institution out of the cure-tradition for example a park. There are also some of the old timber-frame houses (Umgebindehäuser) that offer some wonderful views with their jolly colors and the flowers that surround them.

External links

 The Butterfly House (Schmetterlingshaus) Jonsdorf
 Association for the millstone quarry and observatory
 Official website of Jonsdorf with offers for tourists

References

Zittau Mountains
Populated places in Görlitz (district)
Spa towns in Germany
Czech Republic–Germany border

Jonsdorf


Memphis soul, also known as the Memphis sound, is the most prominent strain of Southern soul. It is a shimmering, sultry style produced in the 1960s and 1970s at Stax Records and Hi Records in Memphis, Tennessee, featuring melodic unison horn lines, organ, guitar, bass, and a driving beat on the drums.

Many of the songs in this style were performed by vocalists backed by the house bands of Stax, Hi and Goldwax Records. Memphis soul sound is different from the Motown sound from Detroit or the lighter sound of Chicago soul. After the rise of disco in the late 1970s, Memphis soul declined in popularity. The Stax Museum of American Soul Music is dedicated to preserving the Memphis sound.

Overview/Memphis Soul
Soul music is an emotional genre that began by expression of the struggles within the African American community. Soul is similar to genres like Motown or Rhythm and Blues but is unique because of its tonality and origin. Memphis musicians Willie Mitchell and Al Green collaborated to produce the basic sound of all soul music to emerge from Memphis. To this day, the entire genre of Memphis soul music is in accordance with their perfected sound of the 70s.

Characteristics
Memphis soul pulls stylistic influence from jazz, Motown, Rhythm and blues, gospel and Doo-wop music. There is often a call and response between the lead vocalist and chorus. Other characteristics of Memphis soul include handclaps, funky rhythms, catchy melodies, and invigorating body movement by the performer. Brass and saxophones are common in much of Memphis soul instrumentation.

Memphis soul is unique due to its uptown influence on Southern regional soul music. Soul was originally written by and for the black community in Memphis but eventually became popular across all racial groups. Soul was experimental and new. It transformed greatly from the 50s into the 70s. Soul is the backbone of all American music genres today. Soul music directly influenced Rock music in America.

Memphis Soul Record Labels

Stax Records

Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton converted an old movie theater into a recording studio at the corner of McLemore Avenue and College Street in Memphis, Tennessee. The studio was opened under the name, "Satellite Records", which was eventually changed to "Stax". Former WDIA disc jockey Rufus Thomas and his daughter Carla recorded the label's first hit, "Cause I Love You." Soon after, the Mar-Keys, a local R&B group that included Estelle's son, Packy Axton, recorded "Last Night."

For the next 14 years, Stax Records launched the careers and recorded hits for the likes of Otis Redding, the Staple Singers, Luther Ingram, Johnnie Taylor, Albert King, Eddie Floyd, Wilson Pickett, Booker T. and the MGs, Sam & Dave and Isaac Hayes. Of the approximately 800 singles and 300 LPs recorded at Stax, there were 166 Top 100 songs in the pop charts and 265 Top 100 hits in the R&B charts, nine of them Grammy winners.

Under the leadership of Al Bell, the label became one of the first to evolve into a multimedia company, producing spoken-word recordings and the acclaimed documentary film Wattstax, recording an event known to many as the "Black Woodstock". The documentary featured performances by Luther Ingram, Isaac Hayes, Rufus and Carla Thomas, the Bar-Kays and the Staple Singers, along with the comedian Richard Pryor. It also included interviews on the 1965 Watts revolt.

Stax was one of the most successfully integrated companies in the country—from top management and administration to its artists. The company was founded by Stewart and co-owned by Axton. Al Bell eventually joined the team, becoming a co-owner of Stax Records in 1968. With 200-plus employees, Stax was one of the largest African-American-owned businesses in the United States in its time. Because of this, there was a large amount of influence from the African-American community, influencing the sound of Memphis soul music. By 1970, both Stax and Hi Records (described below) had African-Americans included in ownership.

The Stax rhythm section was the epitome of the label's integration. The M.G.'s represented racial harmony in Memphis during the Civil Rights era. Composed of Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Donald "Duck" Dunn and Al Jackson, Jr., Booker T. & the M.G.'s provided the instrumental backing for Rufus and Carla Thomas, Sam and Dave, and many other artists, The group also recorded under its own name, including the instrumental hit "Green Onions". In later years, members of the group pursued their own individual careers. Jones worked with the singer and producer William Bell and co-wrote the blues classic "Born Under a Bad Sign". Cropper supervised the recordings of Otis Redding and co-wrote hits with Wilson Pickett and Eddie Floyd.

Hi Records

Hi Records was started by a trio of Sun Studio musicians—Ray Harris, Bill Cantrell and Quinton Claunch—and Joe Cuoghi, one of the owners of Poplar ("Pop") Tunes, a local record store, Hi Records' early releases were primarily rockabilly. While the label had success with this sound, rockabilly was declining in popularity, as was Hi Records. Finally, the label had its first hit, courtesy of Harris' friend, Bill Black.

Just as the Mar-Keys "Last Night" grew Stax Records, the success of Bill Black's Combo changed Hi from a rockabilly label to an instrumental powerhouse during the early 60s. But as the decade wore on, Hi Records once again recognized a shift in the musical landscape, and, with the leadership of the producer, bandleader and songwriter Willie Mitchell, evolved into a successful soul music label.

The soul label first emerged on the national scene with Ann Peebles. Approached by Mitchell after an impromptu performance at the Rosewood Club, Peebles hit the charts in 1969 with "Walk Away" followed by "Part Time Love. She recorded "I Can't Stand the Rain" (1974) and the song was one of favorite song of John Lennon.

After a chance encounter on tour in Texas, Al Green joined Willie Mitchell and Hi Records, and together they became the preeminent source for soul music in the 1970s. With hits such as "Tired of Being Alone," "Let's Stay Together" and "Take Me to the River," Green established a permanent identity and a sound for Hi Records, based around a house band which became known as the Hi Rhythm Section.

Mitchell made a name for Hi Records by working with a number of big soul artists (such as Ike and Tina Turner) who were associated with other record labels.

Goldwax Records

Quinton Claunch was a hardware store owner who had previously worked as a country music guitarist, session musician at Sun Records, songwriter and record producer, and had co-founded Hi Records in 1957 before selling his stake two years later.  Russell was a pharmacist who was interested in becoming involved in the music business.

The label had its biggest successes with James Carr, who had a series of hits on the R&B chart between 1967 and 1969, including "You've Got My Mind Messed Up" and "The Dark End of the Street". It also had some success with The Ovations, Spencer Wiggins, and Wee Willie Walker.  The label was dissolved in 1969, as a result of  differences between Claunch and Russell as well as Carr's erratic behaviour.  In the mi

Notable Memphis Soul Artists
Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Carla Thomas
Eddie Floyd
Johnnie Taylor
Otis Redding
Rufus Thomas
Soul Children
 Al Green
 Don Bryant
 O.V. Wright
 Otis Clay
 Ann Peebles
 Quiet Elegance
 Syl Johnson
 Bill Black's Combo
 Willie Mitchell
 James Carr
 The Ovations

See also
 American Sound Studio
 FAME Studios

References

External links
 Hi Records
 Ardent Studios
 Beale Street
 West Memphis Blues and Rhythm Society

Culture of Memphis, Tennessee
Soul music genres

Memphis soul


Joaquim Manuel de Macedo (June 24, 1820 – April 11, 1882) was a Brazilian novelist, doctor, teacher, poet, playwright and journalist, famous for the romance A Moreninha. He is considered the first Brazilian novelist.

He is the patron of the 20th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

Life

Joaquim Manuel de Macedo was born in the city of Itaboraí, in 1820, to Severino de Macedo Carvalho and Benigna Catarina da Conceição. He graduated in Medicine in 1844, and started to practice it in the inlands of Rio. In the same year, he published his romance A Moreninha. In 1849, he founded the magazine Guanabara, along with Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre and Gonçalves Dias. In this magazine, many parts of his lengthy poem A Nebulosa were published.

Returning to Rio, he abandoned Medicine and became a teacher of History and Geography at the Colégio Pedro II. He was very linked to the Brazilian Imperial Family, even becoming a tutor for Princess Isabel's children. He was also a provincial deputy and a general deputy, and a member of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute.

During his last years of life, he suffered mental disturbances. These made his health worse and led to his death on April 11, 1882.

He was married to Maria Catarina de Abreu Sodré, a cousin of poet Álvares de Azevedo. Some historians say that the titular character of his novel A Moreninha was based on her.

Works

Novels
 A Moreninha (1844)
 O Moço Loiro (1845)
 Os Dois Amores (1848)
 Rosa (1849)
 Vicentina (1853)
 O Forasteiro (1855)
 Os Romances da Semana (1861)
 Rio do Quarto (1869)
 A Luneta Mágica (1869)
 As Vítimas-algozes (1869)
 As Mulheres de Mantilha (1870 — 1871)

Political satires
 A Carteira do Meu Tio (1855)
 Memórias do Sobrinho do Meu Tio (1867 — 1868)

Chronicles
 Memórias da Rua do Ouvidor
 Um Passeio pela Cidade do Rio de Janeiro
 Labirinto

Theater plays

Tragedies
 O Cego (1845)
 Cobé (1849)
 Lusbela (1863)

Comedies
 O Fantasma Branco (1856)
 O Primo da Califórnia (1858)
 Luxo e Vaidade (1860)
 A Torre em Concurso (1863)
 Cincinato Quebra-Louças (1873)

Poetry
 A Nebulosa (1857)

Biographies
 Ano Biográfico Brasileiro (1876)
 Mulheres Célebres (1878)

Medical thesis
 Considerações sobre a Nostalgia

References

External links

 Macedo's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters

1820 births
1882 deaths
Brazilian male poets
Brazilian medical writers
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian journalists
People from Rio de Janeiro (state)
19th-century Brazilian novelists
Patrons of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
19th-century journalists
Brazilian male journalists
19th-century Brazilian dramatists and playwrights
Portuguese male poets
Brazilian male novelists
Brazilian male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century Brazilian male writers

Joaquim Manuel de Macedo


A2 is an abbreviation for "Production Audio Technician", Audio Assistant, Second Audio Assistant, or Second Assistant Audio Engineer. Any of these three terms, or any similar term such as Mic Wrangler, may be used to describe the same set of duties.

An A2 is a stagehand who is responsible for the upkeep, acquisition, and use of microphones, backstage monitors, communication systems, and the audio system. There are typically one or two people with this job title associated with any major theatrical production making use of such audio elements. The term "A2" refers to the fact that this person is frequently the second in command on all matters relating to sound during the performance, reporting directly to the Production Audio Engineer, or A1. In addition to his or her own responsibilities, the A2 often acts as an understudy for the A1.

In touring theatre, the A2 is often responsible for overseeing the load-in of all backstage audio elements.

In musical theatre, the A2 may or may not be the technical liaison to the orchestra, and duties could include monitor mixing, placement and upkeep of microphones in the orchestra, and video feeds to and from the conductor.

See also
A1 (theater)
A2 (remote television production)

References

Stage crew
Theatrical occupations

A2 (theater)


The Wupper-Express (RE 4) is a Regional-Express service in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) running from Aachen via Mönchengladbach, Düsseldorf, Wuppertal, Hagen to Dortmund. The service is operated every hour by DB Regio NRW. It is the third most widely used Regional-Express line in the area administered by the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr with approximately 24,000 passengers a day. The line is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Express (RRX) network and is operated by National Express.

History

Today's RE 4 is the successor to the former StädteExpress line SE from Aachen to Hagen and Iserlohn. Later, the end point was moved to Hamm and after the abolition of InterRegio services it was extended to Munster. Under the second stage of North Rhine-Westphalia's integrated timetable (ITF 2), introduced in December 2002, it was replaced by the Maas-Wupper-Express (RE 13) and the Ems-Börde-Bahn (RB 89) services between Hagen and Munster and the Wupper-Express has since then run to Dortmund with a stop in Witten.

A reorganisation of services between Cologne and Dortmund is being undertaken in a program known as the Rhine-Ruhr Express (RRX). Since 18 March 2022, the Wupper-Express has also stopped in  with the completion of the new regional platform.

Route
The Wupper-Express runs successively over the Aachen–Mönchengladbach, the Mönchengladbach–Düsseldorf and the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld lines. The service then follows the Elberfeld–Dortmund railway as far as Witten station, from where it uses the tracks of the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg railway and the Oberstraße Tunnel on its way to Dortmund station. At night, the RE 4 operates to Düsseldorf Airport Terminal station.

The Wupper-Express runs parallel to Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines on large sections of track and it has some of the character of a fast S-Bahn service and is perceived by passengers accordingly.

Rollingstock
The Wupper-Express formerly used class 111 locomotives and non-air conditioned double-deck coaches. Additional peak hour services operated between Düsseldorf and Aachen with class 110 and 111 locomotives, operated exclusively with refurbished Silberling carriages.

Since December 2020, the line has been operated by National Express with new Siemens Desiro HC EMU's in coupled sets, which serve as a reserve for possible expansions of the Rhein-Ruhr-Express lines.

See also
 List of regional rail lines in North Rhine-Westphalia
 List of scheduled railway routes in Germany

Notes

External links

Rail services in North Rhine-Westphalia
Named DB Regio services

Wupper-Express


Nancy Killefer (born 1953) is an American government consultant and political figure. She was nominated for the Chief Performance Officer position in the Obama administration in 2009.  In 2005 the District of Columbia government had filed a more than $900 tax lien on her home for failure to pay state unemployment tax on household help. She resolved the matter five months after the lien was filed. Killefer withdrew her nomination as CPO on February 3, 2009. In March 2020, she joined Facebook and was appointed to the Board of Directors.

Early life
Killefer received her M.B.A. from the MIT Sloan School of Management. She holds a B.A. with honors in economics from Vassar College.  Prior to business school, Killefer worked as an associate at Charles River Associates, a microeconomics consulting firm.

Career

Nancy Killefer is a Director in the Washington, D.C., office of McKinsey & Company, the global management consultancy.  She left McKinsey & Company from 1997 to 2000 to serve as Assistant Secretary for Management, CFO, and COO at the United States Department of the Treasury. After returning to McKinsey in 2000, she joined the IRS Oversight Board, a public-private entity akin to a corporate board that oversees the IRS. She served there from 2000 to 2005 and was its Chairperson from 2002 to 2005.

Personal life
Killefer is the granddaughter of long-time major league baseball catcher and manager Bill Killefer.

References

1953 births
Economists from Washington, D.C.
American women economists
Living people
McKinsey & Company people
Directors of Facebook
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Vassar College alumni

Nancy Killefer


"Emena Thes" (; ) is the second single by Greek singer Sakis Rouvas from his 13th studio album Parafora. It is a romantic hard rock ballad written by Dimitris Fakos and produced by Freakchild. The song was released to radio stations on 4 May 2010. The song was further released as a digital single and reached the top five of the airplay charts.

Its music video was the subject of a contest held by Rouvas collaborator Trident, where one contestant was chosen to star in the video while nine others served minor roles. The music video, which was directed by White Room and possessed an atmospheric quality, was notable for its painted rotoscoping effect, marking a first in Greek cinematography. Rouvas performed the song at the MAD Video Music Awards 2010 with a stage show that received wide acclaim for its unique camera work and concept.

Background
"Emena Thes" was written by Dimitris Fakos and produced by Leonidas "Freakchild" Chantzaras, the first time Rouvas has collaborated with both. It is his solo follow-up single to "Spase To Hrono" which reached number one on all Greek charts, becoming his fourth consecutive single to do so, and also the follow-up to Tamta's single "Tharros I Alitheia", which he is featured in and became a major club hit while also charting high in airplay. When Rouvas released "Pio Dinata" (This Is Our Night) and "Spase To Hrono", it was unclear whether the tracks were to be included on a further reissue of his last studio album Irthes or if the musician was planning a new album. "Spase To Hrono" was released to promote Trident's "free your senses" campaign and as part of that they hosted a contest where the winner would be able to spend 48 hours with Rouvas, ten runners-up would star in his video, while another 100 would receive a copy of his new album before it was released, indicating that the last two singles will be included on an album of new material.

The song first appeared through Rouvas' official website and Cypriot music website Music.Net.cy on 4 May 2010 as both a promo and radio single and was released on 7 June as a digital single. The song's release coincided with the launch of Rouvas' concert series at Politia in Thessaloniki, where it was added to the modified setlist.

Composition and theme
"Emena Thes" is a power ballad with hard rock influences. The song begins with a piano introduction and follows the traditional verse-chorus format. The romantic ballad, a style Rouvas has become notable for over the years of his career, lyrically finds him asking the night and the stars what is to become of a troubled relationship. Rouvas professes his love to his lover, who still has not realized that she is in love with him, with the hook saying "Wherever you go, whatever you say, I am the one you want".

Chart performance
The song peaked at number twelve on the Nielsen Greek Music Control Airplay Chart the week following Rouvas' MAD VMA victory and performance, moving up 17 spots from the previous week. It was also the third highest-charting Greek-language song for that week in the Top 20 chart.

Music video

Development
Originally, Proto Thema reported that the music video would be shot in the week following the Balkan Music Awards, held on 16 May 2010, where Rouvas won the award for Best Balkan Song from Greece for his previous single, and, according to the newspaper, had planned to perform the song at the ceremony in Sofia, Bulgaria. However, this did not materialize due to the entertainer's work obligations and thus he gave his acceptance speech via satellite from Thessaloniki where he had recently launched his Politia Live Clubbing concert series. Rouvas made a brief return to Athens, specifically to the suburb of Vouliagmeni, for the 19 May filming of the video. The setting was the Astir Palace hotel and the nearby beach. "Emena Thes" was directed by White Room, who Rouvas had first collaborated with for the video of "Na M'agapas" in 2005 as well as "Mila Tis", "Ego Travao Zori", Ola Gyro Sou Gyrizoun", and "Zise Ti Zoi" later on, making him one of the first artists to work with the company in its beginning. During the filming, Rouvas informed fans of his whereabouts via his account on the social networking website Twitter, posting a photograph of himself on set that revealed one of his looks for the video, which was a black outfit with dark aviator sunglasses. This earned him further praise for efficiently using technology to communicate with fans. Also involved in this music video are the ten runners-up of the "Spase To Hrono Me Ton Saki Rouvas Kia Trident" (Shatter time with Sakis Rouvas and Trident) competition, which garnered thousands of participants and as a second place prize offered the winners the opportunity to be involved in his next music video. Of those ten, two women were chosen to star in the video with Rouvas, Cypriots Lorena Savvidou from Lemesos and Rafaela Savva from Nicosia. The two winners were given VIP treatment courtesy of Trident Senses and received the opportunity to chat and be photographed with Rouvas. The remaining winners also met Rouvas and were allowed to follow the duration of filming as well as be involved in the creation of the music video in more minor roles.

Synopsis

Prior to its official airdate, SigmaLive described it as "highly atmospheric."
The music video is set in three different locations: a hotel lobby, a bedroom, and on the beach. Although it was originally reported that both winners would appear in the video, only one was finally chosen to star. The others can be seen in minor roles as guests and workers in the lobby. The video chronicles the romance and conflict between the singer and his love interest, while making heavy use of visual art, with each scene presented as a watercolour painting, while in the intervals close-ups of Rouvas singing in front of a black background are shown. Additional artwork is shown of the surrounding environment, including buildings, the night sky, and birds flying across the sky. Throughout the video a live action/animation effect called rotoscoping is utilized, a first in Greek cinematography. It begins with Rouvas asleep and moves to him and his love interest sitting in a hotel lobby while the assistant brings over their luggage. They appear to be in a conflict, facing different directions. They then appear on the beach on better terms, while advertisements for the song's sponsor, Trident, are shown when the two characters each take a stick of gum. Snippets of love scenes are also played, while in some parts they are each shown separately and close-up shots show the woman's make-up smeared from crying, while animated tears also run down her face. During the bridge the two finally face each other in the lobby scene and as they lean in to kiss the rotoscoping animation momentarily smooths out. This is followed by another love scene and ends with the two walking out of the room.

An additional music video of the live performance of the song at the MAD Video Music Awards 2010 was also officially aired by the network.

Release and reception
The music video aired for the first time on MAD TV on 21 June 2010. It received favourable reviews from Cypriot music network Music.Net.cy who praised the direction by White Room, calling it "beautiful" and were also approving of the animation.

Live performances
The first live performance of the song was made at the premiere of the artist's Politia Live Clubbing concert series in Thessaloniki on 14 May. For the live performance of the song it is played with smoke and bright green and pink lights in the background as Rouvas sings standing in front of a microphone stand while playing his black Gibson Les Paul. Rouvas was also short-listed as a performer at the MAD Video Music Awards 2010, where he led the nominations for a solo artist with six, and performed a similar routine as the third act of the night. For the performance, all of the lights in the stadium were dimmed to bring lights from the cellular phones of audience members into prominence, while an animation of the new "Sakis" logo, also exhibited on the single cover, ran on the black video wall as Rouvas appeared on stage wearing tight black pants, unlaced boots, and a torn black T-shirt designed by Dimitris Kaïdantzis, while playing an excerpt of an unrelated guitar riff as he walked to his platform on the side of the stage. The music subsequently began with Rouvas singing in front of a stand and playing guitar simultaneously, while below him a grid exuded gold lighting and smoke and behind him an outtake of the then-unreleased music video, featuring a close-up of Rouvas singing in front of a black background, as well as additional imagery, was played on the video wall. In the final chorus, the platform raised Rouvas several feet in the air above the audience, while confetti was distributed all over the stadium. The performance was reviewed favourably, with MAD TV deeming it "explosive," while it was "unique" to the awards' standard, where upbeat, choreographed performances are usually favoured by artists. While most negative criticism of the performance centred on the selection of the song itself being wrong for the event, especially as Rouvas is known for his elebarate stage shows and choreography, the innovative camera work and stage presentation was widely acclaimed, with Madata calling it an "impressive extreme." The song will also be part of Rouvas' set list on his forthcoming tour following Politeia.

Track listing
"Emena Thes"

Personnel
Sakis Rouvas – vocals, executive producer
Dimitris Fakos – songwriter
Leonidas Freakchild Chantzaras – producer

Charts

Release history

Notes

External links
 Official site

2010 singles
Sakis Rouvas songs
Greek-language songs
Hard rock ballads
Minos EMI singles
2010 songs

Emena Thes


The Cathedral of Cartagena in Spain, or the Cathedral of Santa María la Vieja, was a cathedral of the Diocese of Cartagena, located on the hill of La Concepción in the old town of Cartagena.  It has been in ruins since 1939, when it was destroyed when Cartagena was shelled in the Spanish Civil War by Nationalist forces.

History
Cartagena had a see before the Muslim conquest of Spain, but no trace of the pre-conquest cathedral has been found yet.  In 1243 Alfonso X of Castile launched a campaign to reconquer the Kingdom of Murcia, and petitioned Pope Innocent IV to restore the Diocese of Cartagena.  In 1250 the Pope issued the bull "Spiritus exultante" restoring the diocese. The first bishop of the new phase of the Diocese was the Franciscan friar Pedro Gallego, Alfonso's confessor.

There is inconclusive evidence whether there was a cathedral in Cartagena at that time. In medieval and Renaissance documents the church is described as "Iglesia Mayor", and is only called "Old Cathedral" from the eighteenth century.

García Martínez, the second bishop of the diocese, decided with the consent of King Sancho IV to transfer the see to Murcia, although retaining the name of Diocese of Cartagena.  The church therefore lost its status of a cathedral, and became a parish church.

Throughout the centuries, there were continuing demands to the Vatican for the restitution of the bishopric to Cartagena. The church of Santa María de Gracia, with the shape and dimensions of a cathedral, was built in the 18th century on a different site, with the aim of becoming the seat of the diocese in place of the original church.

In the late nineteenth century the foundations of the medieval church collapsed. The church was restored by the architect Victor Beltrí, in Romanesque style with modernist elements.

During the Spanish Civil War the church was attacked and the contents damaged on 25 July 1936. In 1939 it was bombed and has remained abandoned since then.

Roman theatre

In 1988 a Roman theatre was discovered during building works near the old cathedral.  It was found that the old cathedral had been built over the upper part of the theatre, using some material from the theatre.

References

Cathedral
Churches in the Region of Murcia
Former cathedrals
Former churches in Spain
Roman Catholic cathedrals in the Region of Murcia

Cartagena Cathedral


John Coyle White (November 26, 1924 – January 21, 1995) was an American Democratic politician from Texas. He was the longest-serving Texas Commissioner of Agriculture, first elected in 1950 and serving until his resignation in 1977. He was the youngest person ever elected to statewide office in Texas. From 1977 to 1978, he was United States Deputy Secretary of Agriculture. From 1978 to 1981, he was the chairman of the Democratic National Committee under U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

Early years

White was born in Newport in Clay County in north Texas. His father, Ed White, was a sharecropper. White graduated in 1946 from Texas Technological College in Lubbock.

Texas agriculture commissioner
At the age of twenty-five, White was elected statewide as the Agriculture Commissioner, the youngest person ever elected to statewide office in Texas. He was re-elected twelve times and served 26.5 years in the post. He worked to smooth the transition of Texas from an agricultural to a predominantly urban economy.  White established marketing programs that served as models for other state governments. He was responsible for establishing a close working relationship with Mexican agricultural entities that had expanded markets for both countries.

Deputy Secretary of Agriculture
In 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter nominated White to serve as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.  He was responsible for the implementation of national agriculture policy and was the chief U.S. representative in negotiations with foreign governments, including the Soviet Union, on grain agreements. White served during a period of great unrest among the nation's farmers. His calm and reasoned arbitration with disaffected groups resulted in several successful changes in U.S. farm policy.  White resigned his post in 1978, when President Carter tapped him to lead the Democratic National Committee.

Chairman of the Democratic National Committee
He helped the Democratic Party retain its majority in the 1978 congressional elections. The Republicans took control of the presidency and the U.S. Senate in the 1980 elections, but the Democrats retained their majority in the United States House of Representatives under the leadership of Tip O'Neill. John White was DNC chairman at a time when Democrats controlled the White House, the Senate, the House of Representatives, and a majority of governorships.

Death and burial

White died on January 20, 1995, in Washington, D.C. He is interred at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas.

References

American political consultants
Democratic National Committee chairs
1924 births
1995 deaths
Agriculture commissioners of Texas
Texas Democrats
Texas Tech University alumni
People from Clay County, Texas
Politicians from Austin, Texas
United States Deputy Secretaries of Agriculture
Carter administration personnel
20th-century American politicians

John Coyle White


Walter Andreas Hofer (1893 – c. 1971) was a German art dealer who was Hermann Göring's principal art agent, director of the Göring Collection and a key player in Nazi looted art markets during the Second World War. Hofer is referenced 162 times in the OSS Art Looting Investigation Units Reports of 1945-1946. He was not a member of the Nazi party. After the war he continued to work as an art dealer in Munich.

Early life
Hofer was born in Berlin in 1893. He began his career at the gallery of his brother-in-law Kurt Walter Bachstitz in The Hague. In 1928, Hofer went to Berlin to study art where he met the Lausanne art collector Gottlieb Reber. Between 1930 and 1934, Hofer worked for Reber in Switzerland. From 1934 Hofer was an independent dealer working in Berlin near the Kurfürstendamm.

Family
In 1937, Hofer married the art restorer Berta Fritsch who later became the official picture restorer for the Göring Collection. Fritsch was the sister of Gottlieb Reber's secretary.

In 1942, Hofer helped his brother-in-law Kurt Bachstitz, who was Jewish, obtain a visa so that he could flee the Netherlands to Switzerland. He also arranged a divorce for Bachstitz so that his art dealing firm became fully Aryan, thus avoiding confiscation. Hofer's sister took over the running of the firm.

Work for Hermann Göring

Hofer began to work for Hermann Göring in 1937 and became Göring's principal art agent and later director of the Göring Collection. Hofer was not a member of the Nazi party. Hofer worked for Göring on a freelance basis, always maintaining his personal art dealing business and it was agreed between them that Hofer could keep any works he found for Göring that Göring refused. With Göring's money and backing, Hofer could access collections anywhere in Germany. He travelled on Göring's special art trains and could access essential foreign currency (Devisen) for his purchases which was in short supply for ordinary Germans. Where he didn't need foreign currency, as in the Netherlands where the German and Dutch currencies became directly convertible in April 1941, he was even more active in his acquisitions, sometimes competing with agents from other parts of the German government. Göring said that the price of a work of art was never a problem and he often paid above market price (where he did not confiscate items outright) though he was often slow to pay the bill. Hofer claimed that on one occasion in Paris, he beat an agent acting for Adolf Hitler to a Rembrandt by one day.

Hofer is mentioned 162 times in the US Army OSS Art Looting Intelligence Unit's 1945-1946 Reports and List of Red Flag Names.

Hofer communicated regularly with Göring about his finds, offering the Reichsmarschall first pick from the treasures on offer. On 26 September 1941, Hofer informed Göring, "I have inspected the paintings of Baroness Alexandrine R. [Rothschild]. They are truly sensational! Her collection consists of twenty five paintings each of the highest quality and greatest importance. Among them is the charming Infanta Margarita by Velasquez, which you must ... [use] any means necessary to acquire for your collection... This collection also includes a large number of modern jewels. Naturally, everything will remain where it is until you decide what you want."

In Italy, Hofer was introduced to Italian collectors by Alessandro Morandotti, who facilitated contact between Göring and other Italian dealers as well.

Post-war
Immediately after V.E. day, Hofer was still at Berchtesgaden where he displayed Göring's collection to U.S. soldiers and visiting journalists. Photographs of him with the collection appeared in Life magazine and in newsreels. Berta Hofer continued to work on restorations, apparently as though nothing had happened. Hofer was interrogated by the Allied forces and interned in Hersbruck. He was later convicted in absentia by a French military tribunal and sentenced to ten years in prison which he did not serve. He spent the rest of his life as an art dealer in Munich where he died in about 1971.

See also
Nazi plunder
Sepp Angerer
The Hermann Göring Collection
 Office of Strategic Services Art Looting Investigation Unit APO 413 US Army Detailed Interrogation Report N° 9 15 September 1945 Subject Walter Andreas Hofer

References

External links
The real Monuments Men at Work: Berchtesgaden July 1945. Features Hofer at several points.

1893 births
1970s deaths
German art dealers
Businesspeople from Berlin
Hermann Göring
People from Nazi Germany

Walter Hofer


Alexa Citlali Moreno Medina (born 8 August 1994) is a Mexican artistic gymnast. She is the 2018 World bronze medalist on vault, the first Mexican female gymnast to medal at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. She represented Mexico at the 2016 Summer Olympics where she was the second reserve for the all-around final and at the 2020 Olympics where she placed fourth in the vault final. She won a silver medal on vault at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games and a bronze medal on vault at the 2010 Pacific Rim Championships. She is also a five-time medalist on the FIG World Cup circuit. She is the 2011 Pan American Games and 2014 and 2018 Pan American Championships team bronze medalist and the 2010 and 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games team gold medalist.

Career
Moreno began gymnastics when she was three years old.

Moreno won the bronze medal on the vault at the 2010 Pacific Rim Championships behind Dominique Pegg and Emily Little. Then at the Central American and Caribbean Games, she won the team gold medal and also won the vault silver medal behind teammate Elsa García. The Mexican team finished twenty-first during the qualification round for the 2010 World Championships.

Moreno did not compete at the 2011 Pan American Games due to a meniscus injury the day before the competition began, but she still received the bronze medal the Mexican team won. Then at the World Championships, the Mexican team finished seventeenth in the qualification round, and Moreno qualified for the vault final where she finished seventh.

At the 2012 Zibo World Challenge Cup, Moreno won the silver medal on the vault behind Cheng Fei. Then at the Ghent World Challenge Cup, she won her first FIG World Cup gold medal on the vault.

Moreno finished fourth with the Mexican team at the 2013 Universiade, and she placed fifth in the vault final.

Moreno won a bronze medal with the Mexican team at the 2014 Pan American Championships. She also placed sixth in the all-around, seventh in the vault, and fifth in the uneven bars. At the 2014 World Championships in Nanning, China, she helped the Mexican team place fourteenth with qualified the team for the 2015 World Championships. She qualified for the vault final and placed seventh. Then at the Central American and Caribbean Games, she won the gold medal with the Mexican team and also placed ninth in the all-around and eighth in the uneven bars.

Moreno won the bronze medal in the all-around at the 2015 Mexican Championships. She also won the all-around bronze medal at the Olimpiada Nacional. Then at the Anadia World Challenge Cup, she won the silver medal on the vault behind Marcia Videaux. She missed the 2015 Pan American Games due to a broken cheekbone. She returned to competition at the World Championships and finished seventh in the vault final. After the World Championships, she finished seventh in the all-around at the Arthur Gander Memorial. Then at the Swiss Cup, she competed on a mixed-team with Daniel Corral, and they finished eighth.

Moreno qualified for the 2016 Olympic Games at the Olympic Test Event where she finished twenty-second in the all-around. She then won the silver medal on the vault at the Anadia World Challenge Cup behind Marcia Videaux. She represented Mexico at the 2016 Summer Olympics and finished thirty-first in the all-around during the qualification round, making her the second reserve for the all-around final.

Moreno did not compete in 2017 to focus on her studies.

Moreno won the all-around bronze medal at the 2018 Mexican Championships and won the vault title. Then at the Mexican Trial Meet, she won the silver medal in the all-around behind Frida Esparza. She won the team bronze medal at the Pan American Championships and also placed fourth in the all-around. She won the vault bronze medal at the 2018 World Championships in Doha behind Simone Biles and Shallon Olsen and became the first Mexican female gymnast to win a medal at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. She was only the second Mexican gymnast to win a World medal after Daniel Corral won a silver medal on the pommel horse in 2013. After the World Championships, she competed at the Cottbus World Cup and finished fourth on the vault. Additionally, the Mexican team placed nineteenth in the qualification round. She then competed at the Toyota International and won the gold medal on the vault and placed eighth on the floor exercise.

Moreno finished fourth on the vault at the 2019 Melbourne World Cup. She then won the bronze medal on the vault at the Baku World Cup behind Jade Carey and Oksana Chusovitina. She once again placed fourth on the vault at the Doha World Cup. At the Mexican Championships, she won the vault title and placed seventh in the all-around. Then at the Korea Cup, she won the bronze medal on the vault behind Yeo Seo-jeong and Oksana Chusovitina. At the 2019 World Championships in Stuttgart, she finished sixth in the vault final and qualified for the 2020 Olympics with her fortieth-place all-around finish in the qualification round.

Moreno represented Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics and became only the second Mexican female gymnast to qualify for a final after Denisse López qualified for the vault final at the 2000 Olympic Games. She finished fourth in the vault final by less than one-tenth behind bronze medalist Yeo Seo-jeong. She announced her retirement after the Olympics.

In March 2023, Moreno announced her return to training and intent to attend the 2023 Pan American Gymnastics Championships in Medellín, Colombia.

Moreno represented Mexico at the 2023 Pan American Gymnastics Championships, where she earned a gold medal on the vault with a score of 13.700.

Moreno was the female flag bearer of the Mexican national team at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games in San Salvador, El Salvador, where she won three gold medals (team event, floor, vault), one silver (individual all-around) and one bronze (beam).

At the 2023 Paris World Challenge Cup, Moreno won gold in the vault final as well as bronze in the floor exercise final behind Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos and Jade Barbosa.

Awards
In November 2019, Moreno won the Premio Nacional de Deportes 2019 (National Sports Prize 2019) in the "non-professional" category. Also in 2019, she won the Woman of the Year poll in the El Financiero newspaper and was recognized as one of the 100 most powerful women in Mexico by Forbes Mexico magazine.

Sponsorships
Moreno starred in a Toyota commercial during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, and Toyota is one of her sponsors.

Personal life
During the 2016 Olympics, Moreno was bullied and fat-shamed on social media. In December 2021, she graduated with a degree in Architecture from the University of the Valley of Mexico, Mexicali campus. She admires Mexican Taekwondo athlete María Espinoza. She is a k-pop and anime fan, her floor music at the 2020 Olympics is from the anime 'Demon Slayer'.

Competitive history

References

External links

Living people
Mexican female artistic gymnasts
1994 births
Sportspeople from Mexicali
Gymnasts at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Mexico
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Mexico
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Mexico
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Mexico
Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century Mexican women
Gymnasts at the 2023 Pan American Games

Alexa Moreno


Gmina Pniewy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Pniewy, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Grójec and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 4,597.

Villages
Gmina Pniewy contains the villages and settlements of Aleksandrów, Budki Petrykowskie, Ciechlin, Cychry, Dąbrówka, Daszew, Ginetówka, Jeziora, Jeziora-Nowina, Jeziórka, Józefów, Jurki, Karolew, Kocerany, Kolonia Jurki, Konie, Kornelówka, Kruszew, Kruszewek, Michrów, Michrów-Stefów, Michrówek, Natalin, Nowina-Przęsławice, Osieczek, Pniewy, Przęsławice, Przykory, Rosołów, Teodorówka, Wiatrowiec, Wilczoruda, Wilczoruda-Parcela, Witalówka, Wola Grabska, Wola Pniewska, Wólka Załęska and Załęże Duże.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Pniewy is bordered by the gminas of Belsk Duży, Błędów, Grójec, Mszczonów, Tarczyn and Żabia Wola.

References
 Polish official population figures 2006

Pniewy
Gmina Pniewy

Gmina Pniewy, Masovian Voivodeship


The American Numismatic Society (ANS) is a New York City-based organization dedicated to the study of coins, money, medals, tokens, and related objects. Founded in 1858, it is the only American museum devoted exclusively to their preservation and study. Its collection encompasses nearly one million items, including medals and paper money, as well as the world's most comprehensive library of numismatic literature. The current President of the Society, Dr. Ute Wartenberg, served as the Executive Director for two decades and was succeeded in this role by Dr. Gilles Bransbourg.

Introduction

The American Numismatic Society is an organization dedicated to the study of coins, currency, medals, tokens, and related objects from all cultures, past and present. The Society's headquarters in New York City houses the foremost research collection and library specialized in numismatics in the United States. These resources are used to support research and education in numismatics for the benefit of academic specialists, serious collectors, professional numismatists, and the interested public. It is one of a number of numismatic associations. The ANS is a constituent member of the American Council of Learned Societies, as well as other notable museum and culture umbrella organizations.

Mission
The mission of the ANS is the creation and maintenance of the preeminent national institution advancing the study and public appreciation of coins, currency, medals, orders and decorations, and related objects of all cultures as historical and artistic documents and artifacts.

Location
The Society and its holdings have been housed in several locations in New York City. The first meetings of the Society were hosted in private homes, including at the family home of ANS founding member, Augustus B. Sage in 1856. For the next several decades, the ANS and its collection were maintained in rented spaces at the Cooper Union, the Bible House at Astor Place, Union Dime Savings Bank, among other locations. With the largess of Archer Huntington, who became a member of the ANS in 1899 and its president in 1904, the Society moved to Audubon Terrace on West 155th and Broadway, first hosted by the Hispanic Society and later in its on purpose-built space in 1907. In 2003, the Society moved into the former Fidelity and Deposit Company building at the corner of Fulton and William Street. In 2008, the ANS moved to its current location is at 75 Varick Street by Canal Street in downtown Manhattan.

Collection

The collection of coins, medals, and paper currency consists of over 800,000 objects drawn from all periods and cultures. In many fields, the ANS collections are the most comprehensive anywhere in the world. The collection includes early numismatic items from Ancient Greece and the Roman Republic, and also has a strong representation of coins of American, European, East Asian, South Asian, and Islamic origin. These coinages range from 700 BCE to the present. In addition, the collection contains paper and other non-coinage money, as well as medals and decorations dating back to as early as approximately 4000 BC. The curatorial department of the ANS preserves, studies, and documents the extensive collection. This work includes keeping the collection's database MANTIS up-to-date, which also involves adding images. This online database is a major asset to the study of numismatics because it is one of the largest of its kind and is accessible to everyone.

Online Resources

The ANS makes a significant amount of numismatic research and resources accessible online, from its own holdings and in collaboration with other institutions. In collaboration with the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, the ANS created OCRE, the "Online Coins of the Roman Empire." This project aspires to record every published type of Roman Imperial Coinage and link them with examples in major collections published online.
The ANS also participates in Nomisma.org, which "is a collaborative project to provide stable digital representations of numismatic concepts according to the principles of Linked Open Data.". Similarly, the Hellenistic Royal Coinages project, HRC, is aiming to do something similar with all coinages from the empire of Alexander the Great and his various successor kingdoms, including the Seleucids in the Near East and the Ptolemies in Egypt.

Exhibitions
At its headquarters in Manhattan, the ANS has a small exhibition space, which is open to the public. The ANS also loans objects from its collections to other major institutions and exhibitions. While the largest number of objects from the ANS can be found at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, there are exhibitions with ANS objects all over the world.

Library
The library of the ANS houses over 100,000 items and is one of the most comprehensive collections of numismatic literature, including books, periodicals, auction catalogs, manuscripts, photographs, and pamphlets. A special part of the library is the Rare Books Room with its unique collection of antique numismatic literature.

Publications

The ANS is also an active disseminator of research. As the largest non-profit numismatic publishing house in the world, ANS issues books, periodicals, monographs, catalogs, conference papers, and conference proceedings in a variety of series and special issues. Currently the ANS publishes three periodicals: the annual American Journal of Numismatics (1866–1924 and 1989–present), the triannual Colonial Newsletter (1960–present), and the quarterly ANS Magazine (2001–present). Electronic publications are the monthly "ANS eNews" and the "Pocket Change" blog. The ANS also publishes books on coins and medals. Past publications have included the Numismatic Literature journal (1947-2007).

Awards

The ANS gives multiple awards to people contributing to numismatics and the Society.

The Huntington Medal Award is conferred annually in honor of Archer M. Huntington, who was an important contributor to the ANS at the beginning of the 20th century. This award recognizes outstanding career contributions to numismatic scholarship. The first such award was conferred to Edward T. Newell in 1918.

The Saltus Medal Award is named after J. Sanford Saltus, who initiated this award in 1913. This award is given to sculptors "for distinguished achievement in the field of the art of the medal."  While this medal was at first only given to Americans, since 1983, foreign artists are also eligible to receive this award.  The 2011 award recipient was Portuguese artist João Duarte, and previous winners are on the List of Saltus Award winners.

Graduate Seminar

In 1952, the American Numismatic
Society established the Eric P. Newman Graduate Seminar in Numismatics. This training program in numismatics takes place each summer, and many of its alumni are now in academic positions.

History

The ANS was formed by a group of collectors in New York City in 1858, at a time when many learned societies were created. Although the initial meeting of the collectors occurred in March 1858, the Society looks back to April 6, 1858, as its date of creation; that was the day on which the fledgling Society's first constitution and bylaws were approved by the membership. That same month, the Society accessioned its first coin. In 1865, it was incorporated as the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society or ANAS. In 1907, the name was changed back to the original one.

"The founders were Edward Groh, James Oliver, Dr. Isaac H. Gibbs, Henry Whitmore, James D. Foskett, Alfred Boughton, Ezra Hill, Augustus B. Sage, Asher D. Atkinson, M.D., John Cooper Vail, W. H. Morgan, Thomas Dunn English, M.D., LL.D., and Theophilus W. Lawrence. The corporators were Frank H. Norton, Isaac J. Greenwood, John Hannah, James Oliver, F. Augustus Wood, Frank Leathe, Edward Groh, Daniel Parish, Jr., and William Wood Seymour." Benson Lossing in the History of New York City Volume II wrote in 1884 that "the prime objects of the society are the cultivation of the science of numismatology, the promotion of the study of American archaeology, and the collection of coins and medals and specimens of archaic remains." Later, ANS changed its mission to focus primarily on all aspects of coins and medals.

Under the leadership of several dynamic, resourceful, and generous presidents, the ANS grew to become a major international center for numismatic research. One of these presidents, Archer M. Huntington, a scion of the family who built the Southern Pacific Railroad and a serious collector, gave the Society land at 155th Street and Broadway and contributed toward the construction of the neoclassical building which opened in 1908. In 1929, Huntington underwrote the expansion of the building, which doubled its size. As President of the ANS from 1916 to 1941, Edward T. Newell, a scholar of Greek coins, guided the Society toward making its mark worldwide. He also left his enormous personal coin collection to Society.

It was in the latter half of the 20th century that the Society evolved into the foremost numismatic research institution in the United States. Its cabinet of nearly one million objects ranks with the largest in the world and is an extraordinary resource for students of the humanities. Its unique library of over 100,000 items is the most comprehensive collection of numismatic literature in existence.

The Society's Eric P. Newman Graduate Seminar in Numismatics, established in 1952, continues today as a training program in the discipline and numbers among its alumni many scholars now in academic positions including several of the Society's current curatorial staff.  The Society administers a variety of fellowships and grants designed to promote research in numismatics and encourage the use of the collections.

Notable members
Agnes Baldwin Brett
Ernest Babelon
Harry W. Bass Jr.
Abram Belskie
Granville Carter
Eugene Daub
Thomas Dunn English
Roger Curtis Green
Philip Grierson
Kenneth W. Harl
David Hendin
Robert Hewitt Jr.
Urban T. Holmes Jr.
Archer M. Huntington
Edward Theodore Newell
Eric P. Newman
Stephen Hyatt Pell
Russell Rulau
William Herbert Sheldon
Ute Wartenberg

See also
List of Saltus Award winners

References

External links

American Numismatic Society
American Numismatic Society's curatorial database of coins
American Numismatic Society Magazine
American Numismatic Society Publications

Member organizations of the American Council of Learned Societies
Numismatic museums in the United States
Museums in Manhattan
Nonprofit hobbyist organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1958
1958 establishments in New York City

American Numismatic Society


Logorama is a 2009 French adult animated short film produced by the French graphic design and animation studio H5 as their first and only animated project. Co-written and directed by François Alaux, Hervé de Crécy and Ludovic Houplain, the film is set in a stylized version of Los Angeles and portrays various events as being told entirely through the extensive use of more than 2,000 contemporary and historical company logos and mascots. The short's voice cast consists of Bob Stephenson, David Fincher, Aja Evans, Sherman Augustus, Joel Michaely, Matt Winston, Gregory J. Pruss, Josh Eichenbaum, Jaime Ray Newman and Andrew Kevin Walker.

Upon its release on May 20, 2009 in Cannes, Logorama has received numerous awards and nominations, including winning both the Kodak Discovery Award for Best Short Film (the Kodak Prix) at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 82nd Academy Awards the following year.

Plot
In Los Angeles the buildings and inhabitants are  commercial branding: Birds are in the form of Bentley and Aston Martin logos and MSN's butterfly; pedestrians are in the shape of the AIM icon; and overhead highway signs are mounted on Atlantic Records logos, among others. The Original Pringles mascot pulls into a Pizza Hut restaurant's parking lot and propositions an Esso waitress on a smoking break. Meanwhile, BiC Boy students alongside Bob's Big Boy and Haribo Boy are on a tour at a zoo led by Mr. Clean; hating the tour, Big Boy and Haribo Boy hop off the tour train and soon begin to harass the MGM lion by mooning and throwing a bottle of Coca-Cola at it, prompting the zoo's owner, the Jolly Green Giant, to scold them.

As Michelin Man police officers Mitch and Mike order lunch at KFC, a call comes in over the radio stating that a criminal named Ronald McDonald is on the loose on a red delivery truck; the police chase Ronald in his truck. Many innocent bystanders are imperiled/injured. Meanwhile, the students on tour are back on the school bus, nearing the Pizza Hut where Esso Girl is serving the Original Pringles mascot and the Pringles Hot & Spicy mascot. Ronald swerves to avoid the school bus and crashes his truck over in front of the Pizza Hut. Several guns and biological weapons then spill out of the back of the truck, tempting Big Boy and Haribo Boy to steal and sell them at the black market. Ronald gets out of the truck and knocks out Haribo Boy with his foot, before taking Big Boy hostage and running inside the Pizza Hut. Big Boy frees himself by biting Ronald in the arm, before running for cover behind the counter with Esso Girl while an enraged Ronald attempts to shoot him. The police are given the excuse to start firing on Ronald, but Ronald kills one of the police officers.

As the gunfight ensues in the streets, a low rumbling is heard across Los Angeles, resulting in a giant earthquake erupting and opening a fissure shaped like Microsoft's Xbox logo that splits the streets wide open. Big Boy and Esso Girl escape the rapidly collapsing Pizza Hut using a hijacked police car while the Original Pringles mascot and the Pringles Hot & Spicy mascot are both crushed inside. After shooting Mitch with his gun, Ronald rides through the city on a stolen Grease 2 motorcycle, but drives into a fallen Weight Watchers sign and is thrown off, sliding and falling into a crevasse shaped like the Zenith Electronics logo. As he pulls himself back up, he is run over by Esso Girl and Big Boy, who barely escape the city and speed along a curved highway shaped like the Vaio logo. As the duo near the Hollywood Chewing Gum Hollywood Sign, it falls apart and sends the giant letters crashing onto the highway in front of them. While evading one of the letters, the duo veer off the highway and down a hill, finally crashing into a tree shaped like the American Century Investments logo. Petroleum suddenly erupts and floods Los Angeles.

The hill Esso Girl and Big Boy are stranded on splits into two, revealing a giant North Face logo while the land crumbles around them, swallowed by the sea and leaving the duo on a tiny island together. Esso Girl bites a colored Apple Inc. logo while lying down on the island alongside Big Boy. California is shown to be separated from mainland and is now shaped like the Nike logo.

Voice cast
 Bob Stephenson – Ronald McDonald, Michelin Man Police Officer Mike
 David Fincher – Original Pringles Mascot
 Aja Evans – Esso Girl
 Sherman Augustus – Michelin Man Police Officer Mitch
 Joel Michaely – Big Boy, Jolly Green Giant, Mr. Clean
 Matt Winston – Haribo Boy
 Gregory J. Pruss – Pillsbury Doughboy, Chopper Pilot
 Josh Eichenbaum – Yellow
 Jaime Ray Newman – Dispatch Girl (Radio)
 Andrew Kevin Walker as Pringles Hot & Spicy

Themes
Logorama explores the extent that logos are embedded in Earth's daily existence. H5 members explained: "Logorama presents us with an over-marketed world built only from logos and real trademarks that are destroyed by a series of natural disasters (including an earthquake and a tidal wave of oil). Logotypes are used to describe an alarming universe (similar to the one that we are living in) with all the graphic signs that accompany us  in our lives. This over-organized universe is violently transformed by the cataclysm becoming fantastic and absurd. It shows the victory of the creative against the rational, where nature and human fantasy triumph."

Brands, mascots and logos

The entirety of Logorama features numerous brand images, mascots and logos as the characters, props, locations, vehicles and other content. Notable uses include McDonald's mascot Ronald McDonald being depicted as a criminal reminiscent of the Joker, Michelin Men being depicted as the police, and the Esso Oil Drop Girl being depicted as a waitress in a diner. However, some of the logos are also derived from fictional brands, such as Slurm from Futurama, the Ghostbusters logo, and the Buy-N-Large (BnL) logo from WALL-E.

Accolades
Logorama has received the following award and nominations:
 Kodak Discovery Award for Best Short Film (the Kodak Prix) - Critics' Week, 62nd Cannes Film Festival (2009) – Won
 Audience Award – Festival International de Curtas Metragans (2009) – Nominated
 Audience Award – Lille International Short Film Festival (2009) – Nominated
 Jury's Special Prize, Audience Prize, Fuji Prize for Best Directors – Cinanima International Animated Film Festival (2009) – Nominated
 Best Short Film – Stockholm International Film Festival (2009) – Nominated
 Best Direction, Audience Award – Vendôme Film Festival (2009) – Nominated
 Gold Medal for Animation – Zinebi, Bilbao International Film Festival (2009) – Nominated
 Oscar for Best Animated Short – 82nd Academy Awards (2010) – Won
 Best Short Film – Césars 2011 – Nominated

In other media
The Simpsons episode "A Tree Grows in Springfield" (season 24, episode 6) ends with a vignette inspired by Logorama, called Logomania.

A catalog inspired by the short, titled Logobook and written by the film's co-director Ludovic Houplain, was published by Taschen in 2013.

See also
 Foodfight! - A 2012 animated film that also features product mascots as characters; seen as one of the worst animated films of all time.
 Criticism of capitalism
Product placement

References

External links
 Logorama on Vimeo
 Logorama on YouTube

2009 films
2009 multilingual films
2000s French-language films
2000s English-language films
2009 animated films
2009 short films
2000s crime action films
2000s chase films
2000s disaster films
2000s satirical films
2000s animated short films
2000s French films
French multilingual films
French animated short films
French adult animated films
French crime action films
French disaster films
French satirical films
Animated action films
Best Animated Short Academy Award winners
Criticisms of companies
Animated films set in Los Angeles
Animated films set in restaurants
Animated films set in zoos
Films about earthquakes
Films about tsunamis
Films about police officers
Films about clowns
Mascots
Logos

Logorama


Texas Canyon is a valley in Cochise County, Arizona, about 20 miles east of Benson on Interstate 10. Lying between the Little Dragoon Mountains to the north and the Dragoon Mountains to the south and known for its giant granite boulders, the canyon attracts rockhounds and photographers.

History

The stagecoach route of the Butterfield Overland Mail passed through Texas Canyon from 1858 until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1862, when the stage line suspended operations. The canyon is historically within the range of the Chiricahua Apache, and Cochise made his last stronghold near here in the Dragoon Mountains during the mid-1870s.

In the mid to late 1880s, David A. Adams, a Cochise County pioneer, moved to the area from Coleman County, Texas, soon to be followed by other family members.  Descendants still live and raise cattle on the old family ranch.

The Amerind Foundation, a privately funded archaeological and ethnographic research facility, library, museum and art gallery founded by William Shirley Fulton in the 1930s, is located in Texas Canyon a short distance from exit 318 of Interstate 10.

References

External links

 Amerind Foundation
 Cochise's Stronghold
  Triangle T Ranch

Canyons and gorges of Arizona
Landforms of Cochise County, Arizona
Erosion landforms

Texas Canyon