Mitchell County is one of the 141 Cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It contains the town of Collingullie. The Murrumbidgee River is the northern boundary.

Mitchell County is named in honour of the Surveyor-General Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (1792-1855).

Parishes within this county
A full list of parishes found within this county; their current LGA and mapping coordinates to the approximate centre of each location is as follows:

References

Counties of New South Wales

Mitchell County, New South Wales


Imagination Technologies Limited is a British semiconductor and software design company owned by Canyon Bridge Capital Partners, a private equity fund based in Beijing that is ultimately owned by the Chinese government. With its global headquarters in Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom, its primary business is in the design of PowerVR mobile graphics processors (GPUs), neural network accelerators for AI processing, and networking routers. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Canyon Bridge in November 2017.

History
The company was founded in 1985 by Tony Maclaren, and subsequently led by him as group chief executive, as VideoLogic and originally focused on graphics, sound acceleration, home audio systems, video-capture and video-conferencing systems. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in July 1994. The following year it entered into a licensing agreement over its PowerVR technology with NEC (now Renesas) who took a 2.29% stake in the company for £1.6 million and acquired the rights to manufacture and sell the chip. On 2 December 1997, NEC subscribed 2.3 million (1.5%) new shares at a price of 56.5p, taking its total stake to 3.5%. In 1999, the company refocused on intellectual property licensing generally and changed its name to Imagination Technologies.

Hossein Yassaie, who joined the company in 1992, became the company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in 1998. On 29 December 2012, Yassaie was awarded a knighthood in the 2013 New Year Honours. The award was given in recognition of his services to technology and innovation.

Since the 1990s, VideoLogic has provided chips for digital television set-top boxes.

On 23 March 2000, Imagination Technologies acquired Ensigma, a private company specialising in digital signal processing, for a maximum consideration of £5 million. On 26 September 2001, Imagination Technologies acquired Cross Products Limited, a company designing and producing development tools for META DSP IP cores and Renesas's SuperH architecture processors under CodeScape brand, for £4.2 million.

In October 2006, Intel Corporation acquired a 2.9% stake in Imagination Technologies for £5.28 million. On 24 November 2008, Imagination Technologies announced a license agreement it signed with a new partner, then undisclosed, for a high-performance version of its PowerVR SGX graphics processor chip: this was later revealed to be Apple Inc. In December 2008, Apple Inc purchased a 3.6% stake in the company for £3.2 million.

In June 2009, it was announced that Intel's stake had increased to 14% after it had acquired 25 million shares. One week later, Intel acquired another 5 million shares from the Saad Group (based in Saudi Arabia), and its shareholding rose to 16.02%. Days later, Apple Inc announced it had subscribed for 2.2m new shares at 142.75p each and made market purchases of another 11.52 million shares, raising its stake to 9.5%; Saad Group, who had held 44.6 million shares i.e. 20.3% of the company as at 30 June 2008, was thought to be the vendor of these shares, and had been reportedly forced to divest after its bank froze its accounts.

On 17 November 2010, Imagination Technologies announced its intention to acquire HelloSoft, one of the world's leading providers of Video and Voice over Internet Protocol and wireless LAN technologies, for a maximum consideration of $47 million. On 14 December 2010, Imagination Technologies acquired Caustic Graphics, developer of hardware/software real-time ray-tracing graphics technology which was founded by a group of former Apple engineers, for $27 million. On 14 December 2011, Imagination Technologies announced that it had signed a licensing agreement with Qualcomm. The company signed an agreement for the display IP from its PowerVR portfolio.

On 3 January 2012, Imagination Technologies announced that it will invest totalling £5 million, in Toumaz Microsystems, a wireless intercom spinout of Toumaz Ltd., and will own 25% of the business. In June 2012, Imagination Technologies acquired Nethra Imaging, a semiconductor and systems company focused on delivering video and imaging solutions. As of November 2012, over 1 billion SOC units had shipped containing cores developed by Imagination Technologies. On 17 December 2012, Imagination Technologies beat Ceva Inc in the race to buy processor technology firm MIPS Technologies with a knockout offer of $100 million.

On 8 February 2016, Imagination Technologies announced that Sir Hossein Yassaie had stepped down from the company after 18 years as CEO. Imagination Technologies had seen over 40 per cent of its market value lost in the past few months, and over 85 per cent since it peaked in 2012, due to its dependence on Apple which had seen slowing iPhone sales. Andrew Heath, a member of Imagination's board of directors and former director of Rolls-Royce, was appointed as interim chief executive before taking the role on a permanent basis on 26 May 2016. Additionally, Imagination announced a restructuring program to cut costs by £15m in the next financial year, and announced its intention to sell its Pure digital radio division.

In March 2016, Apple considered buying Imagination Technologies but never made a formal offer. From 2015 to 2017, despite retaining the licensing agreement, Apple engineered a "brain drain" of Imagination Technologies's personnel, including engineers and executives. Apple also established a new office for chip development in St Albans, close to Imagination Technologies' headquarters.

On 3 April 2017, Imagination Technologies' stock prices fell by 70% after it reported that Apple planned to stop using its intellectual property within its system-on-chips within the next two years. Apple accounted at the time for more than half of the company's revenue. The following month, Imagination Technologies announced that it would enter into a dispute resolution process seeking that Apple license its intellectual property, arguing that Apple "has not presented any evidence to substantiate its assertion that it will no longer require Imagination's technology, without violating Imagination's patents, intellectual property, and confidential information". The company also announced that it would sell its MIPS and Ensigma businesses. Imagination Technologies sold MIPS processor rights to Tallwood MIPS Inc in 2017. MIPS Technologies was acquired by Wave Computing in 2018, where "MIPS operates as an IP licensing business unit".

On 15 May 2017, Sondrel announced it had signed an agreement to acquire the IMG Works division.

On 22 June 2017, Imagination Technologies' board of directors announced it was putting the entire company up for sale and, on 25 September 2017, they announced that the company was being acquired by Canyon Bridge, a private equity fund ultimately owned by the Chinese government. In November 2017 the sale to Canyon Bridge was approved in a transaction which valued the business at £550 million (£1.82 per share). Since the sale to Canyon Bridge, there have been security concerns over possible technology transfers to Chinese state-owned enterprises, leading to key executives of Imagination being summoned to appear before the Foreign Affairs Select Committee of the British parliament.

Once the sale was complete CEO Andrew Heath and CFO Guy Millward both departed. The CEO position was taken over by Leo Li; Li was replaced in turn by Ron Black in December 2018.

On 2 January 2020, Imagination Technologies announced a new multi-year license agreement with Apple including access to a wider range of Imagination's IP in exchange for license fees. This deal replaced the prior deal signed on 6 February 2014.

On 5 October 2020, Imagination Technologies announced Simon Beresford-Wylie as its new chief executive officer.

On 30 November 2020, Imagination Technologies announced the sale of its Ensigma Wi-Fi development operations and Wi-Fi IP tech assets to Nordic Semiconductor.

On 8 January 2021, Imagination announced revenues of $125 million for 2020, an increase of 44% on 2019.

On 11 January 2023, Glassdoor recognised Imagination as the 16th Best Place to Work in the UK.

See also
 ARM Holdings
 Tensilica
 ARC International
 Prpl Foundation

References

External links

British brands
Companies based in Three Rivers District
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
Fabless semiconductor companies
HSA Foundation founding members
Electronics companies established in 1985
1985 establishments in England
1994 initial public offerings
Apple Inc. partnerships
Semiconductor companies of the United Kingdom
2017 mergers and acquisitions
Government-owned companies of China

Imagination Technologies


James Francis Dunnachie JP (17 November 1930 – 7 September 1997), known as Jimmy Dunnachie, was a British politician from Scotland. He served as a Labour Party Member of Parliament from 1987 until 1997. He briefly served on the front bench as a Whip but was not a prominent figure in politics.

Early life

Dunnachie was born in Glasgow and educated at St Margaret's School in Kinning Park. His father was a ship's rigger and upon leaving school, he was apprenticed to Fairfield's yard on the River Clyde before becoming a fitter at the Rolls-Royce plant at Hillington in 1953. He was already active in the Amalgamated Engineering Union as a shop steward, and joined the Labour Party in 1967.

Political career
Dunnachie began his political career on Glasgow Corporation in 1972 in Pollokshaws ward. He worked on slum clearance as Chairman of the Clearance and Rehabilitation Committee; he lost his seat in 1977 when the Labour vote in Glasgow slumped. From 1978 he transferred to Strathclyde Regional Council and became Chair of the Social Work committee.

In the runup to the 1987 general election, Dunnachie was selected to follow James White as Labour candidate for Glasgow Pollok by 50 votes to 41 for Dave Churchley. Churchley was a member of the Militant tendency and there was some surprise at his failure to win the selection owing to the extent to which the local party was dominated by Militant supporters. An earlier round of voting had seen the Militant delegates vote for Dunnachie over Bob Gillespie, a non-Militant left-winger, which was speculated as deriving from their belief that Dunnachie would be easier for Churchley to beat; however it caused resentment among Gillespie's supporters.

Parliament

Dunnachie easily held the seat in 1987. He was re-elected in 1992, withstanding a challenge from Tommy Sheridan of Scottish Militant Labour who came second. In Parliament Dunnachie was a relatively quiet presence, usually allying with the left. He was appointed as an opposition Whip in 1988 and served until 1992, but opposed Neil Kinnock's move to drop Labour's commitment to unilateral nuclear disarmament. Initially he declared his intention not to pay his Community Charge (or Poll Tax) although he was never prosecuted for the offence, and observers have concluded that he must have decided not to fight.

Dunnachie was a strong opponent of animal testing of cosmetics and of fluoridation of drinking water. His Catholicism showed in votes in favour of Bills which restricted abortion and against any lowering in the age of consent for homosexual sex, and he also opposed a deregulation of Sunday trading in 1993. He supported Tony Blair in the Labour leadership election in 1994 (and John Prescott as Deputy Leader). That year it was noted that he was one of the few MPs who had made no Parliamentary speeches in the previous year.

Govan selection
Dunnachie's attendance suffered as the Parliament went on due to persistent ill-health. However he did not announce his retirement and when his constituency was redrawn in boundary changes, declared his intention to seek selection in Glasgow Govan. This move made the selection in Govan much more open and eventually doomed the chances of Mike Watson who was the sitting MP for Glasgow Central, the nomination going instead to Mohammad Sarwar.

In the event, Dunnachie died of cancer only a few months after the election.

References

External links

1930 births
1997 deaths
Amalgamated Engineering Union-sponsored MPs
Councillors in Glasgow
Scottish Labour councillors
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies
Scottish Labour MPs
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997

Jimmy Dunnachie


Mariensztat () is a historic neighbourhood along the Vistula river in central Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Situated between the riverbank and the UNESCO-protected Old Town, Mariensztat is part of the larger Śródmieście (Downtown) borough and is one of the city's smallest suburbs.

History

Most of contemporary Mariensztat was once beneath the water level, however, as the waters in the Vistula shifted eastward, more land on the river's western bank emerged and became available for settlement.

The historical neighbourhood was officially established in 1762, when local nobleman Eustachy Potocki married Maria Kątska and received the parcel of land as part of Kątska's dowry. He established a jurydyka (an administrative self-governing exclave of the city) and named the settlement Maryenstadt after his wife, adding the German suffix stadt to please the Saxon king of Poland. After World War II, the spelling "Mariensztat" was adopted, though with a different pronunciation () than Marienstadt  has in German. The town was mostly a place for trade, particularly for fresh produce that arrived by the river. The majority of the area's dwellings were wooden manors; several brick or stone tenement houses with red-terracotta roof tiles were owned by wealthier merchants. In 1784, it was incorporated into Warsaw and lost its independent town status.

With the arrival of industrialization, Mariensztat became a site of many transformations and disparities. The Pancer Viaduct, completed in 1846, connected the Royal Castle with the Kierbedź Bridge that led to the Praga borough across the river. The sudden surge of people and visitors travelling on the viaduct to Old Town increased the potential for economic activity. In the 1860s, Samuel Orgelbrand established a printing presses at Bednarska Street, one of the most modern in Congress Poland; several other factories were set up in the vicinity which attracted more settlers. By 1865, the little market square at Mariensztat was enlarged and became an important trading place along the Vistula. New townhouses were erected around the square for the more prosperous residents, including the Matias Taubenhaus tenement, the tallest in Warsaw at the time of its completion in 1911. Nevertheless, a large portion of the neighbourhood's population was poor, and the river embankment with neighbouring Powiśle and Solec remained a dilapidated and polluted slum until World War II.

Mariensztat was razed to the ground during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, with only a few burnt out shells of buildings remaining. Reconstruction work began in 1948, involving a complete redesign of the street plan and architectural appearance of the area into a near-Utopia. Mariensztat became a model housing project under Poland's new communist and socialist authorities, and was the first part of the city to be completed in their ongoing reconstruction of Warsaw. The historic façades of some homes were partially maintained. Architects Zygmunt Stępiński and Józef Sigalin designed the post-war buildings so as to evoke in a loose way the small-town buildings of 18th century Praga, but in the architectural style of 1940s socialist realism. The neighbourhood was featured in a 1953 propaganda film Adventure in Mariensztat.

Since then, Mariensztat has experienced little development; almost all of the housing was built between 1948 and 1949 and is surrounded by extensive parklands, which makes it a low-density, green and more tranquil area unlike the rest of Warsaw. Many of the buildings also require restoration.

References

External links

Neighbourhoods of Śródmieście, Warsaw

Mariensztat


Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms is a 2021 American direct-to-video adult animated martial arts film, directed by Ethan Spaulding from a screenplay by Jeremy Adams, based on the Mortal Kombat franchise created by Ed Boon and John Tobias, it is the second installment in the Legends series and a direct sequel to Mortal Kombat Legends: Scorpion's Revenge (2020). Produced by Warner Bros. Animation and animated by Studio Mir, Boon returned from the predecessor as creative consultant.

It borrows source materials from  Mortal Kombat II, Mortal Kombat 3,  Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero, Mortal Kombat 4, Mortal Kombat: Deception and Mortal Kombat X, the movie revolves around the otherworldly Mortal Kombat tournament set in Outworld. Liu Kang is chosen to fulfill his destiny as a tournament champion while Scorpion sets out to prevent the Kamidogu artifact from falling into the hands of Shinnok as he comes into conflict with the younger Sub-Zero.

The movie was released on August 31, 2021 on Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray as well as digitally. It received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. A sequel, Mortal Kombat Legends: Snow Blind, was released on October 11, 2022 on Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD, and Digital.

Plot
Following the events of the previous Mortal Kombat tournament, Shao Kahn declares war on Earthrealm in retaliation for Shang Tsung 's defeat through a new Mortal Kombat tournament set in Outworld. Princess Kitana, Kintaro, General Reiko, and Jade lead the Emperor's first wave invasion force of Outworld warriors and Netherrealm demons, laying siege against the Wu Shi monastery, but are repelled by Kung Lao and Special Forces cybernetically enhanced Jaxson Briggs and NYPD officer Kurtis Stryker. At the onset of their assault, the Outworld commanders are confronted by movie star Johnny Cage and Jax's partner Sonya Blade.

When Johnny and Sonya are soon joined by Liu Kang and Raiden as negotiations fail, Shao Kahn appears himself, petitioning Raiden to participate in a final Mortal Kombat tournament to permanently decide Earthrealm's fate. The thunder god agrees, and he and Shao Kahn venture to the realm of the Elder Gods to propose this ultimate contest.

Meanwhile, Scorpion reawakens back in the Netherrealm. He is confronted by the enraged Elder God Shinnok over the death of his favored servant Quan Chi. Shinnok engineers Scorpion's entrance into Earthrealm to utilize the key embedded in his body by hiring the Lin Kuei clan. Back in Earthrealm, Lin Kuei members Kuai Liang and Smoke are summoned by the grandmaster to hunt down Scorpion. They are horrified to witness their missing peers having undergone cybernetic biomodifications as a means to strengthen the clan, with the juniors expected to do the same. Liang and Smoke rebel, with Liang being the only one to flee successfully. Liang then adopts his deceased brother's codename, Sub-Zero.

Back at the Wu Shi Temple, Raiden returns to his troops after arranging to hold and participate in the tournament while relinquishing his immortality. Once the Earthrealm warriors head for Outworld, Scorpion makes his presence known to Raiden. He mentions the key to Shinnok's prison has bonded to his soul and came to Raiden for advice about its purpose. Raiden informs him that it is a key to untold power known as the Kamidogu, a supreme magical relic from a bygone era that could doom all the realms.

At the start of the tournament, Cage is defeated by Kytinn warrior D'Vorah; Sonya defeats D'Vorah and Li Mei; Kang defeats Jade; Stryker defeats Baraka; Jax defeats Kintaro by ripping his arms out of their sockets.

Back on Earth, Scorpion is being pursued by Cyrax and Sektor in a dockside shipping yard. The trio is soon interrupted by Sub-Zero, but even he is outmatched by their superior enhancements and the arrival of the cybernetic Smoke. With their enemies overwhelmed, the three cyber Lin Kuei apprehend their Hellspawn prey and make off to the Temple of Elements. At their destination, they force Hanzo to open their designated portal. As they prepare to eliminate him upon accessing its gateway, they are interrupted again by a vengeful Sub-Zero. Scorpion fails to console Kuai Liang over mistakenly murdering his brother but agrees to a temporary alliance against Sub-Zero's clan. Despite their efforts, the Lin Kuei retrieve the Kamidogu, leaving the pair dead when the mountain crumbles on top of them.

As the second half of the final tournament is underway, Lao and Stryker are killed by Shao Kahn and Shang Tsung, respectively. Kitana rebels against her stepfather instead of fighting against Raiden, only to be beaten into submission. Kang defeats Shang Tsung regardless of a setback and spares him.

In the Netherrealm, the Lin Kuei realize too late that their employer was Shinnok and learn of his plan to revive the One Being and bring an end to all of creation. Subsequently, they are betrayed and killed for their services.

During the tournament's final stage, Raiden dies while losing his battle against Shao Kahn, enraging Kang to defeat the emperor and win the tournament. However, celebrations are cut short as Shinnok finally succeeds in resurrecting the One Being and fusing himself. With the aid of the Elder Gods, Sub-Zero, Scorpion, and Liu Kang engage in a fight and kill Shinnok while Johnny, Jax, Kitana, and Sonya protect civilians from Kahn's remaining army.

In the aftermath, Kang absorbs the One Being's power and reverts the realms into their original state, including Edenia. Sonya and Johnny share a kiss while Liu and Kitana hold hands in hard-earned peace, unaware that Raiden is revived with his immortality.

Voice cast

 Jordan Rodrigues as Liu Kang
 Dave B. Mitchell as Raiden, Sektor, Kintaro
 Joel McHale as Johnny Cage
 Jennifer Carpenter as Sonya Blade
 Ike Amadi as Jax Briggs, One Being
 Artt Butler as Shang Tsung, Shao Kahn Soldier, Cyrax
 Robin Atkin Downes as Shinnok, Reiko
 Grey Griffin as Kitana, Satoshi Hasashi, Li Mei
 Matthew Yang King as Kung Lao
 Bayardo De Murguia as Kuai Liang / Sub-Zero
 Matthew Mercer as Kurtis Stryker, Demon One, Smoke
 Paul Nakauchi as the Lin Kuei Grandmaster
 Emily O'Brien as Jade, Liu Lin
 Patrick Seitz as Hanzo Hasashi / Scorpion
 Fred Tatasciore as Shao Kahn
 Debra Wilson as D'Vorah

Production

Development
Following the release of Scorpion's Revenge in April 2020, screenwriter Jeremy Adams expressed interest in doing a sequel. In June 2021, a sequel was announced, with most of the cast and crew from the previous film now set to return.

Casting
Matthew Mercer reprised his role as Stryker from the 2011 video game. Dave B. Mitchell reprised his role as Sektor from Mortal Kombat 11, and Matthew Yang King, who voiced both Liu Kang and Fujin in Mortal Kombat 11, voiced Kung Lao in the film.

Release

Home media
The film earned $1,652,738 from domestic Blu-ray sales.

Reception
Battle of the Realms holds a 50% rating with six reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, and has received mixed to negative critical reception. Mitchell Saltzman of IGN rated the film a five out of ten, calling it "a swing and a whiff" in that it "feels all over the place, attempting to tell too many stories at once and not doing any of them justice." Luke Y. Thompson of SuperHeroHype called the plot "wildly inconsistent" and that it "mostly serves as the thinnest of devices to get to the next fight." Den of Geek called the film "a narrative mess ... an incredibly busy movie that has too much going on to the point that there are two completely separate storylines happening at the same time that only briefly connect but ultimately converge in a bonkers and completely tacked on finale." However, Tanner Dedmon of ComicBook.com wrote that the film "wastes no time getting to the action" and "doubles down on things like x-rayed blows and key catchphrases that honor the source material and give characters their big moments without being too distracting."

References

External links

2020s American animated films
2020s English-language films
2021 animated films
2021 direct-to-video films
2021 fantasy films
2021 films
2021 martial arts films
American action films
American adult animated films
American sequel films
American splatter films
Animated films about revenge
Anime-influenced Western animation
Films about parallel universes
Films directed by Ethan Spaulding
Films produced by Sam Register
Martial arts fantasy films
Martial arts tournament films
Mortal Kombat films
Ninja films
Resurrection in film
Studio Mir films
Warner Bros. Animation animated films
Warner Bros. direct-to-video animated films
Warner Bros. direct-to-video films


Mid-Pentecost or Midfeast, also Meso-Pentecost (from ; ) is a feast day which occurs during the Paschal season in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches and Eastern Lutheran Churches that follow the Byzantine Rite.

Mid-Pentecost celebrates the midpoint between the Feasts of Pascha (Easter) and Pentecost. Specifically, it falls on the 25th day of Pascha.  At the feast of Mid-Pentecost, a Small Blessing of the Waters is traditionally performed after the liturgy of the feast.

Mid-Pentecost is a one-week feast which begins on the 4th Wednesday of Pascha, and continues until the following Wednesday. That is to say, it has an Afterfeast of seven days. Throughout these eight days (including the day of the feast) hymns of Mid-Pentecost are joined to those of the Paschal season. Many of the hymns from the first day of the feast are repeated on the Apodosis (leave-taking of the feast). Although it is ranked as a Feast of the Lord and has an Afterfeast, Mid-Pentecost itself is not considered to be one of the Great Feasts of the church year.

The liturgical texts for the feast are found in the Pentecostarion (the liturgical book containing propers for the period from Pascha to Pentecost). There are three Old Testament readings appointed for Vespers; but, uniquely, no Matins Gospel. In some places an All-Night Vigil is celebrated for this feast, though a Vigil is not called for in the Typicon (book of rubrics). At the Divine Liturgy, the reading from the Apostle is .

The theme of the feast is Christ as Teacher and the icon of the feast depicts the young Jesus in the Temple in Jerusalem speaking with the Elders (), the first biblical example of Jesus as teacher (Rabbi) following Passover. The Bar Mitzva of Jesus at this time corresponds to the traditional winter birth of Jesus according to all Orthodox Churches since it usually takes place when a boy is 12 and a half. In traditional Orthodox icons of this subject, the figure of Jesus is depicted larger than those of the Elders, showing his superior spiritual status.

The Troparion of the Feast hints at the encounter of Jesus with the Samaritan Woman, which will be celebrated on the following Sunday:

In the middle of the Feast, O Savior, fill my thirsting soul with the waters of godliness, as Thou didst cry to all: 'If anyone thirst, let him come to Me and drink' (). O Christ God, Fountain of our life, glory be to Thee!

The scripture verse from John 7, quoted by the Troparion, will be read three weeks later on the day of Pentecost.

Mid-Pentecost, has historically been the Altar Feast of the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (Istanbul).

Notes

External links

Midfeast of Pentecost Orthodox icon and synaxarion
 From Pascha to Pentecost: The Penticostarion period / Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Toronto

Eastern Orthodox liturgical days
Byzantine Rite
Pentecost
Eastertide
April observances
May observances
Folk calendar of the East Slavs

Mid-Pentecost


David Garst (September 10, 1926 in Coon Rapids, Iowa – January 9, 2006), was a seed industry leader, farmer, and former Executive President of Garst Seed Company. He also worked in the livestock, fertilizer, and chemical businesses, and contributed to foreign agricultural development projects in Eastern Europe, Central America, and the Caribbean. Garst believed that farming in the United States is fettered by governmental and environmental regulation.

Garst was appointed by the Carter administration to the Presidential Mission on Agricultural Development in Central America and the Caribbean.  The work of this committee led to the Caribbean Basin Initiative passed under President Ronald Reagan.  Garst helped to develop the National Corn Growers Association that promoted open trade with Communist countries and sends aid in the form of farming technology to developing nations.  In the 1990s, under the Clinton administration, Garst lead the agricultural portion of a development project in the Staritsky district of Moscow.  The project included the development of a dairy industry, egg and broiler houses, hog farms, packing plants, roads, and marketing systems. Garst was a leader in Howard Dean's campaign in Iowa and was an active voice in the opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Garst married Georganne (Jo) Orenstein (October 9, 1928 – March 1, 1984) on July 12, 1949, and Marilyn Ann Shinn on March 23, 1985 (divorced 1996). He married Marilyn Reineke in May 2005. He was the son of agriculturalist Roswell Garst and Elizabeth Henak.

He is credited as bringing forth innovations that helped the corn market.

References

External links
 Garst Seed Company homepage
 Garst Family Papers at Iowa State University
 Obituary from The Des Moines Register

1926 births
2006 deaths
Farmers from Iowa
Businesspeople from Iowa
Carter administration personnel

David Garst


Rockford is a 1988 arcade game developed by Mastertronic's Arcadia Systems as an arcade spin-off of the home computer series Boulder Dash. The original arcade version of Rockford ran on the "Arcadia Multi Select system", an Amiga 500-based system that supported multiple games.

Mastertronic ported the game to home computers, with the 16-bit versions on their Melbourne House label and the 8-bit versions released on the Mad X budget label.

Plot
Rockford is a game in which the player is on a treasure hunt involving five different worlds, and needs to collect treasures while avoiding getting crushed by giant rocks, boxing himself in, getting caught by enemies or running out of time. Once the required amount of treasure is collected, the player must locate the exit door to finish the level.

The Explorer
Gold coins must be collected. Enemies here are bats and evil monkeys. Killing a bat will give 9 coins. One level features a giant snake, which can turn evil monkeys to stones and stones to gold coins.

The Cook
This food-themed world consists oranges (or rolls) as stones, and apples as treasures. The enemies are sandwiches and fried eggs. Killing a sandwich gives 9 apples. This world features two types of sausages - a good sausage, which turns fried eggs into oranges and oranges into apples, and an evil rotten sausage which does the polar opposite. One level features a clock collectible, which gives additional time.

The Cowboy
Stones are cacti here, and red rubys are collectibles. Enemies include geologic hammers and Colt Woodsman revolvers. Hammers give 9 rubys when killed. The final level has a colonist wagon which turns cacti into rubys and cold woodsman revolvers into cacti. This worlds' clock powerups are bugged and will not increase overall time.

The Cosmonaut
Cosmonaut players must collect suns, and Earth globes function as stones. Enemies are mainly evil black holes, but at one level, strange dinosaur-like space-doves appear, which give out 9 suns when killed. This particular level is also notable for a boiling and expanding plasma-like substance which kills enemies when they are in its close proximity, while growing even bigger. At the end, the whole mass may eventually turn into suns or Earth globes.

The Doctor
Hearts must be collected here, eyeballs serve as stones. Enemies include skulls, and palette-swapped butterflies (these give out hearts when killed). Two worm-like characters will also appear here: a bony one, which turns hearts to eyeballs and eyeballs to skulls, and a healthy meaty one which turns skulls back to eyeballs and eyeballs to hearts.

Gameplay
Rockford is an action arcade game counterpart to Boulder Dash. The game has four difficulty levels, 80 screens, and digitized sound effects.

The player must collect the designated amount of treasure items before he could leave the area and proceed to the next level. Every world features 4 levels, making it 20 levels altogether. The player dies if a stone or a treasure item falls onto him, collides or touches an enemy (even brushing against is enough for the kill), or runs out of time. The player must also watch out not to get himself or the exit locked. The player can kill enemies to break through walls and to obtain the desired amount of treasures.

There are several special characters and contraptions to assist the player, such as faucets, clocks, plasma walls and worm-like creatures.

This game has two distinct versions - one version offers unlimited lives, whereas the other gives 4 lives to the player upon starting a world, and an extra life is awarded after every 20000 points. Points are earned by collecting treasure items and racing the clock.

Reception
The game was reviewed in 1989 in Dragon #141 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars.

References

External links
 Rockford at Atari Mania
 Rockford at Amiga Hall of Light

 Review in Page 6
 Review in Page 6

1988 video games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Arcadia Systems games
Atari 8-bit family games
Atari ST games
Boulder Dash
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Mastertronic games
Rocks-and-diamonds games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games

Rockford (video game)


Clinton Terrence Perren (born 22 February 1975) is a former Australian first-class cricketer who played for Queensland. He was a right-handed middle order batsman.

Perren was a graduate of the Australian cricket academy in 1995 but had to wait until the 1998–99 season to make his first-class debut. He was named Pura Cup player of the Year in 2002–03 and was rewarded by being selected to play for Australia A against South Africa A. In the 2003–04 season, he added a record 369 with Stuart Law for the second wicket against Western Australia.

He played a major part in his state's record total in the 2005–06 Pura Cup final. Perren scored 173 as Queensland scored 6 for 900 declared. He added 329 with Shane Watson which is a fourth wicket record for the Bulls. It capped off a great season by Perren as he had earlier scored the fourth-highest score ever by a Queenslander at the Gabba. He made 224 against South Australia, opening the batting.

He has failed to convert his 50s into centuries in the one day format, and had a highest score of 99 for many seasons until his maiden ING Cup century in 2004–05 against Tasmania.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Queensland cricketers
Cheshire cricketers
Cricketers from Brisbane

Clinton Perren


Robert William Mylne, FRS FRSE FGS FRIBA (14 June 1817 – 2 July 1890) was an English architect, civil engineer and geologist.

Life

Mylne was born in Great Amwell, Hertfordshire, the son of William Chadwell Mylne (1781–1863) and grandson of Robert Mylne (1733–1811), both of whom were chief engineers of the New River Company. His mother was Mary Smith Coxhead (1791-1884).

Robert William himself also practiced as an architect and engineer. In 1836 he worked on designing new docks at Sunderland, and he traveled to Italy and Sicily in the early 1840s. He acted as his father's assistant for twenty years, becoming an authority on water supply. He was later appointed Engineer to the Limerick Water Company, and provided a fresh-water supply for one of the Spithead forts.

He wrote a number of books, primarily on the subject of the geology of London, as well as producing several geological maps of the area. His 1856 "Map of the Geology and Contours of London and its Environs", produced at a scale of 4 miles to 1 inch, was the first comprehensive geological map of London. In 1859 he was one of a party of eminent scientists, including Joseph Prestwich, Sir John Evans, Hugh Falconer, Godwin-Austen and John W. Flower, who investigated the discovery of ancient human remains in the Somme valley, establishing the antiquity of man.

He was an associate of the Institute of British Architects from 1839, and a member of the Geological Society from 1848, and of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers. In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His candidature citation read:

In 1884 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were George Seton, Lord Kelvin, William Rutherford, and Peter Guthrie Tait.

He died at Home Lodge in Great Amwell in 1890. He is buried in the Mylne family vault at St John the Baptist Church in Amwell, designed by his ancestor Robert Mylne.

Family

In 1852 he married Hannah Scott (1826-1885), the daughter of George Scott.

Their eldest son was Robert Scott Mylne FRSE.

Publications

 "On the supply of Water from Artesian Wells in the London Basin", 1840
 "Account of the Ancient Basilica of San Clemente in Rome", 1845
 "Sections of the London Strata", 1850
 "Topographical Map of London and its Environs", 1851 and 1855
 "Map of the Geology and Contours of London and its Environs", 1856
 "Map of London, Geological - Waterworks and Sewers", 1858

References

1817 births
1890 deaths
English geologists
19th-century English architects
English civil engineers
People from Great Amwell
Fellows of the Royal Society
Architects from Hertfordshire

Robert William Mylne


Harvard Library is the network of Harvard University's libraries and services. It is the oldest library system in the United States and both the largest academic library and largest private library in the world. Its collection holds over 20 million volumes, 400 million manuscripts, 10 million photographs, and one million maps.

Harvard Library holds the third largest collection of all libraries in the nation after the Library of Congress and Boston Public Library. Based on the number of items held, it is the fifth largest library in the United States. Harvard Library is a member of the Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (ReCAP); other members include Columbia University Libraries, Princeton University Library, New York Public Library, and Ivy Plus Libraries Confederation, making over 90 million books available to the library's users.

The library is open to current Harvard affiliates, and some events and spaces are open to the public. The largest and most recognized building in the Harvard Library system is Widener Library in Harvard Yard.

History
Harvard's library system grew primarily from personal donations, including from John Harvard and John Hull. John Harvard was a Puritan minister who accumulated 400 books spreading word of his faith.  These volumes were left to Harvard, initiating the library's collection.   The works in this collection soon became obsolete, as Harvard Library quickly changed to an academic institute and found little need for the theological titles.

Until 1676, the library was based in Old College building. That year, it moved to Harvard Hall, where it remained until 1764 when the building and the library's entire collection was destroyed in a fire. The collection had 5,000 titles and was the largest collection in British America before the fire. By 1764 it was the largest library in British America, with 5,000 volumes, but disaster struck that year when the library was destroyed by fire.  A new Harvard Hall was built, and 15,000 books were collected to create the new library. After the fire, readers in the library were not allowed candles or lamps and if there was a fire burning in the hearth, a librarian or assistant had to be present.  Patrons were allowed to borrow and return up to three books at a time on Friday mornings and were allowed to keep them for up to six weeks. Thomas Hollis V, great-nephew of one of the university's early benefactors, began shipping thousands of specially chosen volumes to the library. Hollis continued to send books regularly until his death in 1774, and he bequeathed £500 for the university to continue acquiring books. This became Harvard's first endowed book fund, and the fund has grown annually since. Harvard Library's online catalog, HOLLIS, a bacronym for "Harvard On-Line Library Information System", is named after him.

In 1841, with space limited in Harvard Hall, the library was moved to Gore Hall in 1841. In 1912, the library moved again after Gore Hall became unsuitable, and the library was moved into multiple buildings with some of the buildings representing specialized topics.

Some books were digitized in Google Books under the management of former Harvard Library director Sidney Verba.

In August 2012, based in part on recommendations from the Task Force on University Libraries and the Library Implementation Working Group, Harvard Library began working to coordinate and encourage collaboration among Harvard's 73 libraries.

Holdings
Harvard Library  houses a range of historical artifacts and primary documents from around the world, including one of only 23 complete Gutenberg Bibles. The largest collection of East Asian-language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard–Yenching Library.

The largest collection of archives focused on business and economic history is housed in Baker Library/Bloomberg Center at Harvard Business School. Botany Libraries' archives include Henry David Thoreau's personal herbaria, letters from Charles Darwin to Asa Gray, and thousands of botanical illustrations. The Wolbach Library holds the oldest surviving images of the moon, and the Tozzer Library is one of the oldest anthropological libraries in the world.

Harvard Library also has a robust collection of digital content. More than 6 million digital objects are accessible online by anyone, regardless of whether or not they're affiliated with Harvard, via the Harvard Digital Collections page.

The CURIOSity tool offers another way to explore Harvard's digital collections, providing curated views, specialized search options and discovery of unique content. Curated collections include the Colonial North America archive, the Islamic Heritage Project, and over 3,5000 digitized daguerreotypes.

Publications
By 1973, Harvard Library had authored or published over 430 volumes in print in addition to nine periodicals and seven annual publications. Among these is a monthly newsletter, The Harvard Librarian and a quarterly journal, Harvard Library Bulletin, which was established in 1947, dormant from 1960 until 1967, and published regularly since. The Bulletin is published three times a year in spring, summer, and fall. Harvard Library Bulletin is available to the public under subscription and an archive of past issues is available on Harvard Library website.

Organizational structure
Harvard Library is the formal name for an administrative entity within the central administration that oversees the development and implementation of strategies that facilitate access to research, collections, services, and space in ways that raise the value of the university's investment in its libraries., Martha Whitehead is the current vice president for Harvard Library and the Roy E. Larsen Librarian of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The Harvard Library holds or offers:

Access Services connects the academic community to the vast array of library resources.
Information and Technical Services is responsible for acquiring, licensing and providing access to tangible and online collections in all formats.
Preservation, Conservation and Digital Imaging Services is committed to ensuring that library materials remain secure and usable for contemporary and future scholars by conserving materials, digitizing collections, preserving library content in digital formats and providing robust education and outreach programs.
Harvard University Archives is the university's institutional archives.  It oversees the university's permanent records, collects Harvard-related manuscripts, papers, and historical materials, and supervises records management across the university.
Finance supports the library by providing accurate information that assists decision-making, maintaining the integrity of finance systems and completing financial transactions.
Program Management ensures that potential projects and approved projects are managed in a considered, predictable and transparent way.
The Office for Scholarly Communication provides for open access to works of scholarship produced by the Harvard community.

Governance

Library Visiting Committee
Visiting Committee members are experts and Harvard alumni who are appointed by the corporation. The committee oversees the strategy and administration of Harvard Library on behalf of the Overseers. Bi-annual visits and regular updates by the Office of the Provost provide an opportunity for Visiting Committee members to understand and advise on the Harvard Library's progress.

Library Board
The Library Board is charged with reviewing strategic plans of the Harvard Library and assessing its progress in meeting those plans, reviewing system-wide policies and standards and overseeing progress of the central services. The provost chairs the Library Board (established in December 2010) and the Office of the Provost is responsible for overseeing the Harvard Library. The Harvard Library Board is composed of six permanent members and five rotating members who serve three years each, with their initial terms staggered. The permanent members include the provost, the Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor, and the deans or designees from the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Business School, Harvard Law School, and Harvard Medical School.

Rotating members include three at-large, tenured faculty members, as well as deans or designees from Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Harvard Divinity School, Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Radcliffe Institute.

Faculty Advisory Committee
In 2011, the Harvard Library Faculty Advisory Council was established to advise the university. Robert Darnton, Pforzheimer Professor, is chair, and James Engell, Gurney Professor of English Literature, is vice-chair the advisory committee.

Library Council on Student Experience
Established in 2012, the Library Council on Student Experience  is a joint council consisting of librarians and students from across the university who identify and work together on University-wide priorities identified by the council for improving the student library experience. The council is co-chaired by a librarian appointed by the vice president for Harvard Library and by a student elected from student council members. Students and librarians are nominated by the university's library directors and selected by the Office of the Provost. Other members include representatives from the Tell Us project, the Berkman Institute, and Harvard Library Shared Services. Terms are for two academic years. The Council makes recommendations to and is supported by the vice president for Harvard Library.

Library Leadership Team
Harvard Library Leadership Team is responsible for planning, prioritizing and implementing joint library initiatives. The team works with the vice president for the Harvard Library to develop and implement library-wide strategy and policy approved by the Board in collaboration with other standing committees and working groups. Chaired by the vice president for Harvard Library, the team includes members of the library's senior management team, library directors from the ten professional schools and the Radcliffe Institute, the managing director of Library Technology Services (HUIT), Harvard Library shared services heads, and Harvard Library's director of communications and its director of diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Harvard libraries
Along with shared services such as circulation, cataloging, and preservation, the following libraries make up Harvard Library:

 Arnold Arboretum's Horticultural Library
 Baker Library/Bloomberg Center at Harvard Business School
 Biblioteca Berenson in Florence, Italy
 Botany Libraries
 Cabot Science Library
 Countway Library at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
 Dumbarton Oaks Research Library in Washington, D.C.
 Ernst Mayr Library at the Museum of Comparative Zoology
 Fine Arts Library
 Fung Library
 Gutman Library at Harvard Graduate School of Education
 Harvard Divinity School Library
 Harvard Film Archive
 Harvard Kennedy School Library & Knowledge Services
 Harvard Law School Library
Harvard Map Collection
 Harvard University Archives
 Harvard-Yenching Library
 Houghton Library
 Lamont Library
 Loeb Music Library
 Loeb Design Library (Harvard Graduate School of Design)
 Robbins Library of Philosophy
 Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America (Radcliffe Institute)
 Tozzer Library
 Widener Library
 Wolbach Library

Librarians

17th century
 Solomon Stoddard, 1667–1672
 Samuel Sewall, 1674
 Daniel Gookin, 1674–1676, 1679–1681
 Daniel Allin, 1676–1679
 John Cotton, 1681–1690
 Henry Newman, 1690–1693
 Ebenezer Pemberton, 1693–1697
 Nathaniel Saltonstall, 1697–1701
18th century
 Anthony Stoddard, 1701–1702
 Josiah Willard, 1702–1703
 John Whiting, 1703–1706
 John Gore, 1706–1707
 Nathaniel Gookin, 1707–1709
 Edward Holyoke, 1709–1712
 Thomas Robie, 1712–1713
 John Denison, 1713–1714
 John Rogers, 1714–1718
 William Welsteed, 1718–1720
 William Cooke, 1720–1721
 Joshua Gee, 1721–1722
 Mitchell Sewall, 1722–1723
 John Hancock, 1723–1726
 Stephen Sewall, 1726–1728
 Joseph Champney, 1728–1729
 Joseph Pynchon, 1729–1730
 Henry Gibbs, 1730–1734

 Samuel Coolidge, 1734–1735
 James Diman, 1735–1737
 Samuel Cooke, 1737
 Thomas Marsh, 1737–1741
 Belcher Hancock, 1741–1742
 Benjamin Prat, 1742–1743
 Matthew Cushing, 1743–1748
 Oliver Peabody, 1748–1750
 Stephen Badger, 1751–1753
 John Rand, 1753–1755
 Mather Byles, 1755–1757
 Elizur Holyoke, 1757–1758
 Edward Brooks, 1758–1760
 Samuel Deane, 1760–1762
 Stephen Sewall, 1762–1763
 Andrew Eliot, 1763–1767
 Jonathan Moore, 1767–1768
 Nathaniel Ward, 1768
 Caleb Prentice, 1768–1769
 William Mayhew, 1769–1772
 James Winthrop, 1772–1787
 Isaac Smith, 1787–1791
 Thaddeus Mason Harris, 1787, 1791–1793
 Samuel Shapleigh, 1793–1800
19th century
 Sidney Willard, 1800–1805
 Peter Nourse, 1805–1808
 Samuel Cooper Thacher, 1808–1811

 John Lovejoy Abbot, 1811–1813
 Andrews Norton, 1813–1821
 Joseph Green Cogswell, 1821–1823
 Charles Folsom, 1823–1826
 Benjamin Peirce, 1826–1831
 Thaddeus William Harris, 1831–1856
 John Langdon Sibley, 1856–1877
 Justin Winsor, 1877–1897
 William Coolidge Lane, 1898–1910
20th century
 Archibald Cary Coolidge, 1910–1928
 Robert Pierpont Blake, 1928–1937
 Keyes Metcalf, 1937–1955
 Paul Herman Buck, 1955–1964
 Merle Fainsod, 1964–1972
 Douglas W. Bryant, 1964–1979 (University Librarian, 1964–1979; Director of the University Library, 1972–1979)
 Louis E. Martin, 1972–1979 (Librarian of Harvard College)
 Oscar Handlin, 1972–1984, (Carl Pforzheimer University Professor, 1972-; Director of the University Library, 1979–1984)
 Sidney Verba, 1984–2006

21st century
 Robert Darnton, 2007–2015 (Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor and University Librarian)
 Sarah Thomas, 2013–2018 (Vice President for the Harvard Library and University Librarian, Roy E. Larsen Librarian for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences)
 Martha Whitehead, 2019–Present (Harvard Library vice president and university Librarian, Roy E. Larsen Librarian for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences)

See also
 Google Books Library Project
 Dataverse
 Boston Medical Library
 JHOVE
 List of online image archives

References
https://archive.org/stream/archaeologiaame03amer#page/n263/mode/2up

Further reading
 "History of the Library." In The Library of Harvard University: Descriptive and Historical Notes, 4th ed., 12–35. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934.
 Carpenter, Kenneth E. The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.
 Bond, W. H. and Hugh Amory, eds. The Printed Catalogues of the Harvard College Library, 1723–1790. Boston: The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1996.
 Kraus, J. W. (1961). The Harvard Undergraduate Library of 1773. College & Research Libraries, 22(4), 247–252.
 Olsen, M., & Harvey, L. G. (1993). Reading in revolutionary times: book borrowing from the Harvard College Library, 1773–1782. Harvard Library Bulletin, 4, 57–72.

External links

HOLLIS catalog
Journal of Library History, vol. 22, no. 3 (Summer 1987): 338-341.
Harvard College Library: Library charging records, 1762-1897
Early Catalogs and Shelflists of the Harvard College Library, 1723-1822: an inventory

University and college academic libraries in the United States
Harvard University buildings
Libraries in Massachusetts
1638 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Libraries in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Libraries established in 1638

Harvard Library


Denis Bond (died 1658) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1640 and 1656. He supported the Parliamentarian cause in the English Civil War and served as president of the Council of State during the Commonwealth.

Bond was the son of John Bond of Lutton (near Steeple, Dorset) and his wife Margaret Pitt. He was a prosperous woollen draper in Dorchester, bailiff in 1630 and Mayor of the town in 1635, and was one of the founders of the Dorchester Company, an early attempt to promote colonisation in New England.

In April 1640, Bond was elected Member of Parliament for Dorchester in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Dorchester for the Long Parliament in November 1640.  When the Civil War broke out a couple of years later, he supported the Parliamentary cause and was a sufficiently hardline anti-Royalist to retain his seat in the Rump after Pride's Purge in 1648. He was an extremely active member, sitting on an extraordinary total of 263 committees.

Bond was initially named as one of the Commissioners to try the King, but avoided serving. Having become a friend of Oliver Cromwell, he was a member of the Council of State from 1649 to 1653, and was its president in 1652 and 1653. He also served as comptroller of the receipts of the Exchequer. Bond was elected MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in 1654 for the First Protectorate Parliament and in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament.

Bond died in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, but his body was exhumed after the Restoration.

Bond married Joan Gould (sister of one of his fellow investors in the Dorchester Company) in 1610. Their eldest son, John (1612–1676), was a Puritan preacher, who became Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Professor of Law at Gresham College as well as MP for Weymouth. After his first wife's death Bond was married again, in 1622, to Lucy Lawrence; two of their sons, Samuel and Nathaniel (1634–1707), were also MPs.

References

D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
"Burke's Landed Gentry" (4th edition, London: Harrison, Pall Mall, 1862-3)

|-

|-

1658 deaths
Year of birth missing
Members of the Parliament of England for Dorchester
Mayors of Dorchester, Dorset
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1648–1653
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658

Denis Bond (President of the Council)


Half Tide Rocks are a group of small barren rocks in Massachusetts Bay, located within the city limits of Boston, United States (and just outside the Town limits of Hull). The rocks are east of Aldridge Ledge, southeast of Devils Back, southwest of Green Island, northeast of Little Calf Island, and northwest of Calf Island. It borders the northwestern edge of the Hypocrite Channel.

Islands of Massachusetts
Landforms of Boston
Islands of Suffolk County, Massachusetts

Half Tide Rocks (Massachusetts)


Major-General Jerry S.T. Pitzul, , was the Judge-Advocate-General for the Canadian Forces at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario from 1998 to 2006.

Major-General Pitzul has enjoyed a distinguished legal career in the Canadian Forces and the public sector. He has held various appointments within the Office of the Judge-Advocate General, including that of Director of Law/Prosecutions and Appeals where he acted as chief prosecutor for the Canadian Forces. He was later appointed by the Minister of National Defence to the position of Deputy Chief Military Trial Judge where he presided over courts martial across Canada and in various parts of Europe including the former Republic of Yugoslavia.

In 1995, Major-General Pitzul retired from the Canadian Forces and accepted an appointment in Nova Scotia as Director of the Public Prosecution Service and lawful Deputy of the Attorney General where he was responsible for all Crown prosecutions within the province. He subsequently returned to the Canadian Forces in 1998 upon appointment by Order in Council to the position of Judge Advocate General in the rank of Brigadier-General.

Major-General Pitzul has written various publications on military law, including A Handbook for Military Prosecutors. He has also authored several manuals for military judges on trial procedure, substantive criminal law, and evidence.

Major-General Pitzul earned his Bachelor of Administration (BAD) in 1975 from the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean, Québec. He later earned his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in 1976 and his Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 1979 at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

In December 2000 Major-General Pitzul was appointed to the Order of Military Merit (Canada) in its highest grade, that of Commander.

Major-General Pitzul was promoted to his present rank effective 8 April 2002 and was reappointed as Judge-Advocate-General of the Canadian Forces for a further four-year term effective 14 April 2002.  He has since retired and been replaced by Brigadier-General Ken Watkin.

On 18 October 2002, Major-General Pitzul was appointed Queen's Counsel by the Province of Nova Scotia.

External links
 Office of the JAG for Canadian Forces website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian generals
Canadian people of Romanian descent
Royal Military College of Canada alumni
Canadian King's Counsel

Jerry S.T. Pitzul


Faya-Largeau is the largest city in northern Chad. 9,867 people were living there in 1993. It is the capital of Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture.

The town was first called Faya, then it was renamed Largeau after Chad became a colony of France in 1900.  When Chad won independence from France in 1960, the town changed its name to Faya-Largeau.

Cities in Chad

Faya-Largeau


Antonio Franconi (1737 in Venice, Italy - 1836 in Paris, France) was an Italian equestrian.

He started as a juggler and wandering physician, then arranged bullfights in Lyon and Bordeaux. In 1783, he associated with the English horse rider Philip Astley who had opened a riding school in Paris and founded an equestrian theater named Cirque Olympique (French, Olympic circus), which acquired an impressive reputation.

His sons and grandsons continued to attract the public with the talent of their squired and the perfection of their showmanship in their fantasy and military plays. The last famous squire bearing this name was Laurent Franconi who died in 1849.

Napoleon once remarked acidly to his marshal Joachim Murat, who was gayly attired in an extravagant Polish uniform after the Battle of Heilsberg in 1807, that he looked like Franconi ("Vous avez l'air de Franconi").

References

1737 births
1836 deaths
Italian circus performers
Italian male equestrians
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Circus owners
18th-century circus performers
19th-century circus performers
People from Venice

Antonio Franconi


Adolphe Léon Willette (30 July 1857, Châlons-sur-Marne4 February 1926, Paris) was a French painter, illustrator, caricaturist, and lithographer, as well as an architect of the famous Moulin Rouge cabaret. Willette ran as an "anti-semitic" candidate in the 9th arrondissement of Paris for the September 1889 legislative elections.

Biography
Willette studied for four years at the École des Beaux-Arts under Alexandre Cabanel. His graphical work ranged from dainty triviality or political satire: he made Pierrot an imaginary hero of France, and established Mimi Pinson as frail, lovable, and essentially good-hearted. He could also be bitter and fierce, a partisan of political ideas. The guillotine and the figure of Death appear in his caricatures. At the time of the Dreyfus affair he was an anti-dreyfusard; with Jean-Louis Forain, he moved to the political right.

Works
The artist was a prolific contributor to the French illustrated press under the pseudonyms "Cémoi", "Pierrot", "Louison", "Bébé", and "Nox", but more often under his own name. He illustrated Melandri's Les Pierrots and Les Giboulles d'avril, Le Courrier français, and published his own Pauvre Pierrot and other works, in which he tells his stories in scenes in the manner of Busch. He decorated several "brasseries artistiques" with wall-paintings, stained glass, and so on notably Le Chat noir and La Palette d'or, and he painted the ceiling for La Cigale music hall. Willette contributed to the Salon des Cent and six of his posters were published in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche. A collection of his works was exhibited in 1888. His V'almy is in the Luxembourg, Paris.

Willette's characteristically fantastic Parce Domine was commissioned by Rodolphe Salis for Le Chat Noir in Montmartre. It was shown in the Franco-British Exhibition in 1908.

Selected works

References

External links

Selections from l'Assiette au Beurre

1857 births
1926 deaths
People from Châlons-en-Champagne
19th-century French painters
French male painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French caricaturists
French illustrators
Art Nouveau painters
Art Nouveau illustrators
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
20th-century French printmakers
Moulin Rouge
19th-century French male artists

Adolphe Willette


Festivaletteratura is a literary festival, held in Mantua, Italy, since 1997. Its peculiar formula is to host five days of small-sized lectures by authors from all over the world. The event is run mostly by volunteers, numbering around 700 in total. The lectures are hosted in historical places and squares, and during the five days of the fair there are about two hundred events. The low-profile style has in time attracted many big names of literature, along with Nobel Prize winners. The attendance to the events roughly matches the population of the city, so it is necessary to book tickets well in advance. In 2007, the fair celebrated its tenth edition.

The 2005 fair was the set for the 2005 Tinto Brass movie Monamour, in which it was depicted the peculiarity of the exhibit. The 2011 edition had seen for the first time the public exposition of the   Lovers of Valdaro.

See also
Mantua
Monamour
Lovers of Valdaro
Virgilio

References

External links

Festivaletteratura homepage

Literary festivals in Italy
Festivals established in 1997
1997 establishments in Italy

Festivaletteratura


Brian Arthur John Smith (born 27 November 1954) is an English alternative comedian, presenter and writer.

Early life
Smith was born on 27 November 1954 in Bermondsey, south London. His eldest brother is Richard Smith, a medical doctor, editor and businessman. His younger brother is Nick Smith, a civil servant who was also a stand-up comic but in recent years has turned to amateur dramatics. Arthur was a student and school captain at The Roan School for Boys, a grammar school, now The John Roan School in Blackheath, London. He then studied at the University of East Anglia, where he was chairman of the poetry society, wrote for the student newspaper and contributed sketches for a student revue. He graduated with a 2:1 BA degree in Comparative literature in 1976.

Career

Smith was one of many stand-up performers on the alternative comedy scene in the 1980s, and still performs today in much the same manner. He has regularly attended the Edinburgh Fringe comedy festival since 1977, and still comperes the long-running Hackney Empire New Act of the Year competition final. He has also written a body of serious or semi-serious work, including stage plays such as An Evening with Gary Lineker.

In addition to stand-up comedy, Smith has performed musical comedy shows such as Arthur Smith Sings Leonard Cohen (later broadcast on Radio 4). He returned to this theme for the Edinburgh Fringe in 2013 with "Arthur Smith Sings Leonard Cohen (Volume Too).  He is also a radio presenter on such BBC Radio 4 programmes as Excess Baggage and Loose Ends, and appears on television comedy panel games. He took over as narrator of the TV series A Life of Grime after the death of John Peel and was one of the Grumpy Old Men in the television series of that name. Both of the latter two series used "What a Wonderful World" as their theme song. For Grumpy Old Men, Smith was one of the cast members who contributed to a montage rendition of the song.

One of Smith's routines has been set to music by Mark Beazley, aka Rothko, for a CD curated by comedian and writer Stewart Lee. The CD, The Topography of Chance was guest-curated by Stewart for the Sonic Arts Network and Smith's track is called "I've Seen Your Arse" and contained extra vocals by Caroline Quentin taken from a live recording of Smith's show, Arthur Smith's Last Hangover.

In December 1985, Smith and Phil Nice made a short series of parody documentaries for Channel 4 television network called Arthur and Phil Go Off. One episode, titled "Nessie – Real or Pretend" about the Loch Ness Monster, was aired in America on the A&E cable channel in 1986. None of these shows has officially been released to any video format.

During the late 1980s, Smith took the role of consumer expert, testing such items as hangover cures and Pot Noodles on the BBC Radio 2 Nightcap show hosted by Peter Dickson.

In 1989, Smith provided voices for an Aardman Animations short called Ident with Nice and later. In 1989 he appeared in The Bill ("Quiet Life"). In the mid and late 1990s, he lent his voice to some television animations including the TV short The Animal Train as Jim Jam (veteran voice actor Rick Jones voiced the character in the US version), the BBC clay animated series Rex the Runt (also made by Aardman) as Arthur Dustcart in five episodes, and the British-French children's animated series Romuald the Reindeer as the big bully Clint.

One of Smith's more unusual roles was in the sitcom Red Dwarf in the episode "Backwards". He plays a bar manager on backwards Earth who has hired Kryten and Rimmer as a forward novelty act. He gave a speech (in reverse) blaming Kryten and Rimmer for starting a fight. If, however, the speech is played forwards, he is heard to be insulting the listener who has flipped the recording over trying to find out what he was saying ("What a poor sad life he's got").

A night of watching football with Tony Hawks ended with him challenging Hawks to beat the entire Moldovan football team at tennis. Hawks took him up on this bet, and wrote a book about it. Hawks won the bet, and Smith had to stand on Balham High Road and sing the Moldovan National Anthem whilst naked.

Smith also appeared in a cameo role in the first series of the BBC science fiction radio comedy Married. He played a version of himself from a parallel universe who eked out a living as a children's party entertainer. This role expanded in the second and third series.

In 2006, Smith played "Clarrie" in the Doctor Who audio, The Kingmaker.

He is currently one of the hosts of "The Comedy Club" on BBC Radio 4 Extra and also narrates the BBC series Money for Nothing. He makes a cameo appearance in the music video of the song "Happy Goddamn Christmas", by Loretta Maine and Matt Roper, released on 13 December 2012 via BBC Three.

In August 2016, he appeared in the role of Mr Harman in the revival of the BBC sitcom Are You Being Served.

Debrett's lists his full books and publication list as Trench Kiss (1990), An Evening With Gary Lineker (with Chris England, 1992), Pointless Hoax (1997), Sit-Down Comedy (2003), That Which Is Not Said (poetry, 2006), and My Name is Daphne Fairfax (autobiography, 2009).

Awards
In 2005, Smith turned down a lifetime-achievement award from the Perrier Award organisers. He said: "Comedians rather dislike the Perrier Awards and the public aren't interested. Basically, they wanted to tell me I was old and cool: well, I know that already, and anyway, my ego is bloated enough." In 2007, he went on to win the Panel Prize at the Edinburgh Fringe.

Personal life
Smith has been a longtime resident of Du Cane Court in Balham, London, and has described himself as the "Night Mayor of Balham – I don't do days". In 2009, he broadcast a comedy series for BBC Radio 4 from his own home, Arthur Smith's Balham Bash.

As of 2009 he was engaged to Beth Kilcoyne, a performer and screenwriter, who co-wrote the BBC TV series Roger & Val Have Just Got In.

Smith is a socialist and a supporter of the Labour Party.

Books
 Sit-Down Comedy (contributor to anthology, ed Malcolm Hardee & John Fleming) Ebury Press/Random House, 2003.  ;
 My Name is Daphne Fairfax (audiobook read by the author) Random House Audio, May 2009.
 100 Things I Meant to Tell You: Rants, Rhymes, & Reportage from the Original Grumpy Old Man Author AA Publishing, October 2019.

References

External links

Official website

1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
Comedians from London
English male comedians
English male voice actors
English male television actors
English television producers
English radio personalities
People educated at the John Roan School
People from Bermondsey
Male actors from London

Arthur Smith (comedian)


Aison was an ancient Greek vase painter of the red-figure style. About 60 of his vases survive, which are dated between 435 and 415 BCE. Aison spent his career in several workshops, where he came into contact with several other well-known painters. His first works were created in the same workshop as the Kodros Painter. A kylix with motifs from the Theseus legend, that is today in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, was created in the same workshop that Penthesilea Painter was active in and Aristophanes was later to join. In his third workshop he worked together with the Schuvalow Painter and the Eretria Painter. Here he painted mostly closed containers. All three artists stood in the tradition of Polygnotos. From this time his second showpiece originates, the lekythos in Naples National Archaeological Museum. Two further lekythos (from the Louvre and the National Archaeological Museum of Athens) clearly mark a turning point in the artist's life when he embraced the Adonis cult.  The difference is seen in the quality of his work, which is probably due primarily to difficult life circumstances, as demonstrated by the frequent workshop changes.

References

John Boardman. Attic Red Figure Vases: The Classical Period: A Handbook. London: Thames and Hudson, 1989.

5th-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek vase painters
Year of birth unknown

Aison (vase painter)


Narsinghpur district (also referred to Narsimhapur district) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Vindhyachal is on its northern border and the Satpura range extends along its entire length on the southern border. In the northern part, the Narmada river flows from east to west. Latitude 22º.45N 23º.15N, Longitude 78º.38E 79º.38E, Area 5125.55 Square Kilometers, 359.8 meters above sea level. The city of Narsinghpur is administrative headquarters of the district. As of 2001 Narsinghpur is the most literate district of MP.

History
Narsinghpur district is located almost in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. The position of state of Madhya Pradesh is also in the central part of the country, that is why it is named Madhya Pradesh, that is, the state of the central part. The position of Narsinghpur district is considered unique according to the equation that it is located in the middle of both the country and the state. Narsinghpur district also attracts attention due to its special natural condition. Vindhyachal is on its northern border and the Satpura range extends along its entire length on the southern border. In the northern part, the Narmada River flows from east to west. Which is considered sacred like the river Ganga. Narsinghpur district has got many natural gifts in the form of the alluvium of Narmada. In the past, this area has been under the rule of historical heroine Durgavati after being under many dynasties. In that period it is mentioned by other names. In the 18th century, the Jat Sardars built a grand temple here and installed the idol of Lord Narasimha. Since then it became the headquarters of the district and this village named Gadariya Kheda became famous as "Narsinghpur".

historical background
Narsinghpur district area has hidden the oldest proofs of its existence within itself. Which have been exposed from time to time by various archaeological discoveries. According to the archaeological evidence mentioned in the District Gazetteer, stone age fossil animals and tools made of sandstone have been found in 1872 in a village named Bhatra, away from Gadarwara in the district. In other search campaigns, prehistoric remains have been found in places like Devakchhar, Dhuvghat, Kumhari, Ratikarar, and Brahman Ghat. Marked rocky and carved rock caves near Bijauri village also link the existence of the district to ancient times. The remains of mammalian fossils and archaeological tools found in the exploration campaigns on the banks of Narmada between Bramhan Ghat to Jhansi Ghat connect the district with prehistoric history.

According to legends, this area has been related to the events of the Ramayana and Mahabharata period. According to mythological references, Brahman Ghat is the place where Brahma, the creator of the universe, performed a yajna on the banks of the holy Narmada. The ancient name of Bilthari village of Chanwarpatha development block is called "Bali Sthali". It is considered to be the abode of King Bali.

In the Puranas, the attempt of the Pandavas to tie the river Narmada in a single night on the Satdhara of Barman Ghat in the Mahabharata period has been mentioned. Bhim Kund, Arjun Kund, etc. near Satdhara indicate this. It is said that the Pandavas spent some period of their exile here. The cave of Sankal Ghat is associated with the study and meditation of Gurudev of Adi Guru Shankaracharya.

Barhata village of the district is considered to be the remains of Virat Nagar of the Mahabharata period. This legend is strengthened by the stone sculptures and artistic remains found here at every step. The human-shaped rock lying near Bachai is associated with "Kichak". The Bohani region of the district is considered to be the stronghold of Prithviraj's heroic heroes Alha-Udal's father Jasraj and uncle Bachraj. There is an abundance of facts and imitations connecting the reference of the district to ancient times from the ancient objects and mentions found in the excavation of many historical evidences. But through history books and historical records, the series of authentic history of the district meets the history of the second century.

Satavahana period
In the 2nd century, this area was dominated by the Satavahana rulers. It remained under the Gupta Empire in the 4th century when Samudra Gupta succeeded in establishing the boundaries of his empire in the Central India region and up to the south. There are some indications of Pedirajya in the sixth century. But the period of about 300 years is again lost in darkness. There is mention of the establishment of the Kshetra Kalchuri rule (Haihay) in the ninth century. The capital of the Kalchuri dynasty was Mahishmati city on the banks of Narmada, which later became established in Tripuri. The details of the spread of Kalchuri state from Gomti to Narmada Ghat are preserved in the history books. After the decline of the Kalchuri power, there is mention of the patronage of Alha-Udal's father and uncle in this area. After those who made Bohani their royal center, this area remained a part of the Rajgaud dynasty's empire for four centuries.

Rajgaud dynasty
With the establishment of this administration, a new orderly, peaceful, and prosperous period begins in the district. The credit for the rise of this dynasty is given to Yadav Rao (Yadurao). Who established Garha in Katanga in the last years of the fourteenth century and laid the foundation of an important governance order. Sangram Shah (1400-1541), the famous ruler of this dynasty, strengthened his empire by establishing 52 forts. He also built the Chauragarh (Chaugan) fort in Narsinghpur district, which is a silent witness to the valor of Veeranarayan, the son of Queen Durgavati. Among the successors of Sangram Shah, Dalpati Shah ruled peacefully for seven years. After that, his heroic queen Durgavati took over the kingdom and ruled for 16 years (1540-1564) with indomitable courage and bravery. In 1564, while fighting Akbar's warlord Ataf Khan, the queen died; Chauragarh situated in Narsinghpur district was in the form of a strong hill fort where Ataf Khan surrounded Prince Virnarayan and finally killed him by devious moves. Gadha Katanga state was captured by the Mughals in 1564. Gonds, Mughals, and after them, this area remained divided between administrative and military officers and hereditary chieftains during the rule of Marathas. According to whose influence and power the boundaries of the areas used to change from time to time. Chanwarpatha, Barha, Santhdyarkheda, Shahpur, Singhpur, Srinagar, and Tendukheda of the district were famous as the headquarters of the Parganas throughout this period.

Bhonsle Ruler
In 1785, Madhoji Bhosle acquired Mandla and Narmada Valley for 27 lakh rupees, which kept sinking under the tussle of Radhoji Bhosle/Bhopal Nawab/Pindori chieftains, etc., and the brutal pressure of military rule. It can be called a cauldron of crisis and instability. In which there was tremendous exploitation of the people of the area along with looting. Finally came under British rule in 1817.

Independence movement
Despite being under the harsh clutches of British rule, the yearning for freedom always kept burning in the minds of the people in the district. In 1857, the rebel fighters captured the Chanwarpatha and Tendukheda police stations. Under the leadership of Gaur chief Delon Shah of Madanpur, there was a conch shell for independence. In 1858, Delan Shah was captured and hanged. By crushing the first freedom struggle of 1857, the British emperor continued to establish its roots.

Congress movement
After the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885, the spark of the movement for independence in the district has always been lit – Lokmanya Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Vose Prabhuti led the movement for independence in the district under the inspiration and leadership The atmosphere was full of enthusiasm. A large number of agitators from the district remained active under the leadership of Gayadat, Manikchand Kochar, Chaudhary Shankar Lal, Thakur Niranjan Singh, Shyam Sunder Narayan Mushran, etc. among the leaders of the district. In order to destroy this unity and enthusiasm, the British government again divided the district in 1932 and merged it with the Hoshangabad district. But this did not bring any relaxation in the enthusiasm of the movement and Satyagraha. In 1942, Mansharam and Gauradevi were martyred in the firing on the Satyagrahi procession in Chichi. Hundreds of agitators tolerated the cycle of repression with a smile and established a unique tradition of sacrifice and sacrifice against British rule.

Geography
The district has an area 5,125.55 km2. The district is part of the Jabalpur Division. It is bounded on the north by Sagar and Damoh districts, on the east by Jabalpur District, on the southeast by Seoni District, on the south by Chhindwara District, on the west by Hoshangabad District, and on the northwest by Raisen District. The administrative seat is Narsinghpur.

The district sits in the basin of the Narmada River. The Vindhya Range skirts the northern end of the district. The Satpura Range forms the district's southern boundary. It is located between 22°55' and 23°15' north latitude, and 78°38' and 79°38' east longitudes. It has an average elevation of 359.8 m above mean sea level.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Narsinghpur District has a population of 1,091,854, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 418th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.04%. Narsimhapur has a sex ratio of 917 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.79%. 18.64% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 16.87% and 13.36% of the population respectively.

Hindi is the predominant language, spoken by 99.06% of the population.

Education
Government Multipurpose Higher Secondary School
Government Post Graduate College
Government School of Excellence
Chavara Vidya Peeth Schl
Narsingh Public School
Kendriya Vidhyalaya
Saraswati School

Laurels English Medium High school
siyal international school

Transport
The main rail line from Mumbai to Kolkata, which follows the Narmada River valley, runs through the district from west to east.

There is a bus stand located near the station. Previously it was at the city center. The town is around the National Highway - 26.

Notable personalities
 Maharshi Mahesh Yogi
 Ashutosh Rana
 Bhawani Prasad Mishra
 S H Raza
 Mohit Daga
 Late Shyam Sundar Rawat
 Chandra Mohan (Hindi actor)

References

External links
 Official website

Districts of Madhya Pradesh

Narsinghpur district


Alcibiades the Schoolboy (L'Alcibiade, fanciullo a scola), an Italian dialogue published anonymously in 1652, is a defense of homosexual sodomy (anal sex) loosely styled after Socratic dialogue. Set in ancient Athens, the teacher is modelled on Socrates, who so desperately wants to consummate the relationship he has with Alcibiades, one of his students, that he uses all tactics of rhetoric and sophistry at his disposal. He argues that Nature gave us sexual organs for our own pleasure, and that it would insult her to use them otherwise, citing examples from Greek mythology and culture, as well as refuting counterarguments based on the Sodom and Gomorrah story. It is "a tour de force of pederastic fantasy and one of the frankest and most explicit texts on the subject to have been written before the twentieth century." It has been called "the first homosexual novel".

For many years the identity of the author was a mystery. The work was first attributed to Pietro Aretino, but an article in 1888 by Achille Neri identified the author as Antonio Rocco, a libertine priest and philosopher and member of the Accademia degli Incogniti founded by Giovan Battista Loredan.

The text is unashamedly explicit, and it has been argued that "it must be understood in the context of similar texts of the trend of libertinism, using the term in its original sense of a sceptical philosophical tendency."

References

Sources

Text and translations

English
 Translation into English by Laura T. de Summa The Philosophical Forum, volume 42, issue 4, 2011, pp. 497–506.
 Translation into English by J. C. Rawnsley with an afterword by Don Mader, Amsterdam: Entimos Press, 2000.

French
 Gustave Brunet, Dissertation sur L'Alcibiade fanciullo a scola, including French translation by Giovanni Battista Baseggio. Facsimile reprint available as book-on-demand from Kessinger, 2010 .
 Unsigned "Preface to the 1891 French edition", http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Alchibiades_Preface.pdf, retrieved 2014-09-01. The preface is signed "Brussels, 1891", so the "1891 French edition" is apparently that published with the imprint (very possibly false) of Brussels. Many notes prefixed "JCR" (J. C. Rawnsley), including n. 2, which says "at the time of writing (July, 2000)".

Secondary material

 Giovanni Dall'Orto, "Antonio Rocco and the Background of His 'L'Alcibiade fanciullo a Scola' (1652)," Among Men, Among Women, Amsterdam:  University, 1983, pp. 224–32.
 Diederik Janssen, "Alcibiades the Schoolboy Redux, or the Impossibility of Childhood Sexuality", International Journal of Sexual Health, 23, no. 3 2011, pp. 158–160.

1652 books
Dialogues
Gay fiction
Pederastic literature
Works published anonymously
17th century in LGBT history
LGBT erotica
Cultural depictions of Socrates

Alcibiades the Schoolboy


Frédéric Michalak (born 16 October 1982) is a former French rugby union footballer. His early career was spent playing for his hometown team, Toulouse, in the Top 14 and in the Heineken Cup. He moved to South Africa to play for the Sharks in the Super 14 after the 2007 Rugby World Cup, but after just one year with the Sharks he moved back to Toulouse. He has also played over 70 tests for France to date, and is the country's leading Test point scorer, achieving that milestone in 2015. Michalak originally played scrum-half but has played mainly at fly-half. He has appeared in advertisements for companies such as Nike and Levi's.

Michalak made his debut for Toulouse in 1998. He was a member of the team that won the French championship in 2001 and the Heineken Cup in 2003 and 2005. Michalak made his first appearance for France against South Africa on 10 November 2001 and became a regular on the French side. He was selected as a member of the squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia and the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. Michalak was also a part of the Six Nations French Grand Slam winners in 2004 and the champions of 2006.

Career
Michalak's club Stade Toulousain were crowned the champions of France in 2001 when they defeated Montferrand in the final 34–22. Later that year, in November, Michalak made his international debut for France, coming on as a replacement in a match against South Africa in Paris at the national stadium, Stade de France. France won the match 20–10. He was then promoted to the starting line-up for a test against Australia the following week in Marseille by head coach Bernard Laporte. Michalak played the match at scrum-half and scored his first points for France in the match, landing one penalty goal. France won the match by one point, 14–13. He was used as a replacement in the subsequent match against Fiji at Saint-Étienne, which France also won.

The following year Michalak was back in the starting line-up for France in a Six Nations match against Italy at Stade de France, which France won 33–12, though Michalak did not play in any other of France's Six Nations matches. France eventually went on to win the tournament. Michalak earned further caps for France that year during June. He was an unused bench replacement in a match against Argentina, but was then moved into the starting line-up for subsequent matches against Australia, both of which France lost.

In 2003 he started at scrum-half for France in their Six Nations match against Italy in Rome at Stadio Flaminio. France won the match with Michalak also scoring his first try for the national team. He played in one other Six Nations match that year, starting against Wales in Paris, where he scored another try in the 33–5 victory. Toulouse proceeded to win the 2002–03 Heineken Cup, defeating fellow French team USA Perpignan 22–17 in the final. Michalak was then included in the national squad for the June tests prior to the 2003 World Cup in Australia. He was not used in France's first match against Argentina, but came off the bench in the second of two. He then started in the following match against the All Blacks, where he scored eight points with his kicking in the loss. He earned subsequent caps in matches against Romania, scoring 14 points with his boot, and against England where he scored 12 of France's 17 points in the one point victory.

Michalak was subsequently included in France's squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup and made his World Cup debut against Fiji at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane during the pool stages, where he scored 26 points. He scored over 20 points in another match against Japan, including a try. He also scored a try in the subsequent game against Scotland and was rested for the final pool match against the United States. Michalak was superb in France's 43–21 quarter-final win over Ireland in Melbourne, landing all nine goal attempts (four conversions and five penalties) for a personal haul of 23 points. France would go on to face World Cup favourites England in the semi-final. On a rainy night in Sydney, Michalak endured a nightmare game with the boot, scoring only once from five attempts before eventually getting replaced as France, despite scoring first, went on to lose the game 24–7. Despite this, Michalak still finished the tournament as the second-highest points scorer with 101 points. Only Jonny Wilkinson (113) scored more.

The following year, Michalak played in four of France's Six Nations fixtures all in the starting line-up. He was not used in the match against Italy. Toulouse also made it to the final of the 2003–04 Heineken Cup, though they were defeated by the London Wasps. Michalak gained four more caps in November 2004 against Argentina, Australia and the All Blacks. He played in all of France's 2005 Six Nations matches, as well as Toulouse's 2004–05 Heineken Cup victory over Stade Français. He came into the Heineken Cup final under an injury cloud, but showed no signs of it, even sealing the victory for Toulouse in the end with a late drop goal, having also scored two earlier penalties. Toulouse won 18–12 and became the first ever team to win the Cup three times. He was then capped three times in June for France; twice against the Springboks and once against Australia. Michalak was capped another four times in November, against Australia, Canada, Tonga and South Africa. He was named in France's squad for the 2007 Rugby World Cup.
Within seconds of coming as a substitute on in the quarter-finals of the tournament, he made a break and then made an uncalled forward pass to Yannick Jauzion who scored a try which when converted gave France a two-point lead which they held onto to beat New Zealand, the tournament favourites. Wayne Barnes missed this call, and has been criticised heavily since.

In 2011, he participated in Rendez-vous en terre inconnue.
In 2019, Frédéric Michalak continued his studies at EM Lyon Business School.

First spell with The Sharks
Michalak signed with The Sharks for the Super 14 in 2008. The team, who had previously signed former French internationals Thierry Lacroix and Olivier Roumat, saw him as a key player in the Currie Cup campaign of the , the provincial side that operates the Super Rugby side. Michalak made his Super 14 debut against the Stormers. but featured in only nine games before being sidelined by injury and shortly thereafter ending his spell with The Sharks. He played in the 2008 Currie Cup final, helping the Sharks to win and becoming the third Frenchmen, after Olivier Roumat and Thierry Lacroix to win a Currie Cup medal. Michalak re-signed with his former club Toulouse for the start of the 2008–09 season.

Second spell at Stade Toulousain
Michalak's second spell with Toulouse was frustrated by injury
with two serious injuries that limited his appearances for his club. In March 2010, in a match against rivals Stade Français, Michalak tore cruciate ligaments in a knee and was stretchered off. The injury was expected to sideline him for up to one year.

Second Stint in Durban
On 31 May 2011 it was announced that Michalak had signed a one-year contract with the Sharks, effective immediately—which meant that Michalak would not play in Toulouse's Top 14 final on 4 June. The Sharks' need to fill vacancies left by injuries to several of their scrumhalves is widely considered a key short-term motive for the signing; in the 2012 season, he is seen as an extra option at fly-half, a position where they had issues in 2011. Michalak's final match with the Sharks was the 2012 Super Rugby final against the Chiefs. It was not a memorable occasion for Michalak, as the Chiefs won convincingly 37–6.

Return to France
After over two years out of international rugby, Michalak was recalled by new coach Philippe Saint-André for the 2012 mid-year test series in Argentina. He came on as a replacement in the first test, which France lost 23–20, but started at fly-half for the second test. France won 49–10, and Michalak scored 19 points.
In April 2012, Top 14 club Toulon confirmed that Michalak would be joining on a two-year deal.

In August 2012, Michalak admitted that the prospect of playing for France again was the key reason for his return:
I could have stayed with the Sharks but to play for France, which remains one of my objectives, it's important to play in France, if only for the calendar. ... [Toulon president] Mourad Boudjellal contacted me quite early last season. With Bernard Laporte they believed in my abilities. I want to thank them because at that time not many clubs would have gambled on me.

In the final match of the 2013 Six Nations championship, Michalak suffered a dislocated shoulder ruling out any club rugby for 3 weeks.

Playing as a replacement in the final, Michalak won the 2013 Heineken Cup with Toulon.

During France's 2015 World Cup warm-up against England on 22 August, he surpassed Christophe Lamaison as France's all-time leading point scorer.

During France's 2015 World Cup match against Canada on 1 October 2015, Michalak became France's all-time leading Rugby World Cup points scorer.

International tries

Honours
Heineken Cup:
 Champions: 2003, 2005, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015
 Runners-up: 2004
French Champions:
 Champions: 2001, 2008, 2011, 2014
 Runners-up: 2003, 2006, 2015, 2016
Currie Cup:
 Champions: 2008
 Runners-up: 2011

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Toulouse
Emlyon Business School alumni
French rugby union players
Sharks (rugby union) players
Sharks (Currie Cup) players
Stade Toulousain players
RC Toulon players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union scrum-halves
French people of Polish descent
France international rugby union players
French sportspeople of Italian descent
Lyon OU Rugby players
French expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in South Africa
French expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
2003 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players

Frédéric Michalak


Sun Jiagu (孫家穀; Sun Chia-ku in Wade Giles) was a native of Anhui who graduated as jinshi in the 1856 and was a senior clerk in the Zongli Yamen when appointed in 1869 to be Co-Envoy with Anson Burlingame, then United States Minister at Beijing, on a friendly mission to foreign countries. It was as a forecast of the results of this mission that Burlingame announced the speedy appearance of "a shining cross on every hill" in the Middle Kingdom. In 1871 he was made Taot'ai at Yichang, and in 1878 Judge in Zhejiang. In 1882 he was recalled to Beijing to await employment.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Qing dynasty government officials
Politicians from Huainan

Sun Jiagu