Marc Bronco Clay Mendenhall (born February 21, 1966) is an American football coach who most recently coached at The University of Virginia. He stepped down after the 2021 season. Mendenhall joined Virginia in 2015 after spending the previous eleven seasons as the head football coach at Brigham Young University, and resigned his position following the 2021 season. He has a career record of 135 victories and 81 losses, and has recorded fourteen postseason bowl game appearances with seven victories.

Mendenhall is known for his unorthodox methods and "Earned Not Given" motto, even having players earn their jersey numbers each season. In 2019, Mendenhall became the first Virginia coach to bring both the Commonwealth Cup and Jefferson-Eppes Trophy to Charlottesville at the same time, and his Cavaliers also won the South's Oldest Rivalry in the same season. He took Virginia to the program's first Orange Bowl.

More than 60 of Mendenhall's players have been signed to NFL contracts since 2005, including Ezekiel Ansah, the #5 overall pick in the 2013 NFL Draft. Mendenhall is also known for graduating his players, and his program ranked seventh for most Academic All-Americans during his tenure of over a decade.

Mendenhall comes from a notable football family. His father played defensive end for BYU in the 1950s, while Bronco himself played safety for Oregon State University (OSU) where he was named team captain his senior season. His brother, Mat Mendenhall, started at defensive end for the Super Bowl Champion Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVII.

Early coaching career
Mendenhall graduated from Utah's American Fork High School in 1984. In 1990, he served as a graduate assistant coach at OSU in Corvallis, Oregon. From 1991 to 1993, he was the defensive coordinator for Snow College, a junior college in Ephraim, Utah. From 1993 to 1994, he was the defensive coordinator for Northern Arizona University. From 1995 to 1996, he served as the defensive coordinator for OSU. After the 1996 season, he was fired from OSU. In 1997, he served as the secondary coach at Louisiana Tech. From 1998 to 2002, he was the defensive coordinator for the University of New Mexico, where he and head coach, Rocky Long, developed a blitz-happy 3-3-5 defensive scheme that produced NFL first-round draft pick Brian Urlacher, who played in New Mexico's "Loboback" position, a cross between a linebacker and safety.

BYU

Defensive coordinator
In 2003, Mendenhall accepted the defensive coordinator position at BYU under head coach Gary Crowton. Crowton resigned at the end of the 2004 season which was his 3rd consecutive losing season.  The BYU head coach position was first offered to former Cougar linebacker and then-defensive coordinator at the University of Utah, Kyle Whittingham, which resulted in Mendenhall calling UNLV head coach, Mike Sanford, about the defensive coordinator opening on his staff. Mendenhall and his wife, Holly, were prepared to tell their sons about the move to UNLV when Whittingham rejected the offer from BYU and accepted the head coaching job at Utah as Urban Meyer's replacement. BYU players had been upset that Mendenhall had not been offered the job.  In response, BYU athletic director Tom Holmoe interviewed Mendenhall first in the re-opened search. Two weeks later, Mendenhall was named BYU's head coach.

Head coach

2005 season
In 2005, his first year at the helm, the Cougars finished the regular season with a 6–6 record. Mendenhall switched back to the traditional uniforms with the Y logo on the helmets, which were worn by the most successful BYU teams. Quarterback John Beck, tight end Jonny Harline and running back Curtis Brown led an offensive attack that was BYU's most potent since 2001, averaging 33.0 points per game (second in the MWC and 24th in the nation) and 462.4 yards of total offense per game. BYU tied for second in the MWC and appeared in the Las Vegas Bowl, their first bowl game since 2001, falling to California, 35–28.

2006 season
In 2006, BYU posted its best record in five seasons. It knocked off 10 straight opponents over the final three months, registered a perfect 6–0 home record, and finished 11–2. The Cougars tallied a perfect clip against league opponents to win the Mountain West Conference championship, winning on the final play of the game at Utah. They decisively defeated Oregon, 38–8, in the Pioneer PureVision Las Vegas Bowl. BYU was ranked in the top-20 in the final Associated Press, USA Today, and Harris Interactive polls, and finished 15th in the final BCS rankings. Mendenhall was named Mountain West Conference and AFCA Region 5 Coach of the Year.

2007 season
Mendenhall and the Cougars repeated as MWC champions in 2007 behind another perfect 8-0 MWC season and 11–2 final record.  They finished the season ranked No. 14 in both the Associated Press and USA Today polls, BYU's highest finish in the national polls since 1996. To complement their 16-game conference win streak, the Cougars boasted the nation's longest overall winning streak at 10 games. BYU reached its third consecutive Las Vegas Bowl, again winning in dramatic fashion after blocking UCLA's last second field goal to preserve a 17–16 victory. En route, Mendenhall became the first coach in school history to lead the Cougars to two consecutive bowl game victories in his first three years as head coach. A defensive specialist, Mendenhall helped BYU finish as the nation's 10th-ranked defense.

2008 season
In 2008, BYU finished 10–3 overall and 6–2 in the MWC to achieve three straight 10-win seasons and become the first teams in Cougar history to go unbeaten at home over three consecutive seasons. BYU earned a spot in the national polls each week during the season, including a ranking as high as No. 7. Mendenhall led BYU to a third-place finish in the MWC at 6–2 and yet another bowl berth in Las Vegas where the team lost to Arizona by a score of 31–21. BYU became one of only nine schools nationally to be ranked in the top 25 of the final BCS standings each of the past three seasons, with only five teams winning more games than the Cougars over that same time span. While stressing the need for balance in life, Mendenhall began a string of Academic All-Americans at BYU in 2008 as three Cougars—Matt Bauman, Kellen Fowler and David Oswald—were named ESPN the Magazine Academic All-Americans, a program record.

Junior wide receiver Austin Collie was named to six different All-America teams, including first-team All-America from CBSSports.com and second-team from The Associated Press. Collie led the nation in total receiving yards and receiving yards per game. He set the BYU single-season record of 1,538 receiving yards. Future NFL players Max Hall and Dennis Pitta were also among the top players in the nation at their respective positions.

2009 season
BYU recorded an 11–2 record and 7–1 league mark in 2009. Mendenhall's team went 3–1 against ranked opponents, including a 14–13 season-opening win over No. 3 Oklahoma, a dramatic overtime win over No. 19 Utah and a 44–20 Maaco Bowl Las Vegas victory over No. 16 Oregon State. BYU finished No. 12 in the final 2009 polls earning the distinction of being one of only six programs nationally to be ranked in both final polls for four straight seasons. Individually, senior tight end Dennis Pitta earned Consensus All-America honors while setting the NCAA record for most career receiving yards by a tight end (2,901) and breaking Austin Collie's school record for career receptions (221). Scott Johnson and Matt Bauman gave BYU multiple Academic All-Americans again while future NFL running back Harvey Unga became the school's all-time leading rusher with his third-straight 1,000-yard season.

2010 season
After losing BYU's winningest quarterback (Max Hall), all-time leading rusher (Harvey Unga) and consensus All-American tight end (Dennis Pitta), Mendenhall started the 2010 season 2–5 after playing six games against eventual bowl-bound teams. Mendenhall fired defensive coordinator Jaime Hill and took over defensive duties as the coordinator, resuming the position he held after originally joining BYU as an assistant coach. The change ignited the Cougar defense and the rest of the squad as BYU bounced back to finish the year winning five of its last six to place third in the MWC and earn the program's sixth-straight bowl invitation. BYU earned a 52–24 win over UTEP in the New Mexico Bowl. Junior Bryan Kariya was named an Academic All-American, the only FBS running back to earn the honor.

On September 1, 2010, BYU also announced that the university's football program would become independent beginning with the 2011 season. Concurrently, BYU signed an eight-year contract with ESPN. Before the 2011 season, Mendenhall filled the departure of offensive coordinator Robert Anae by promoting quarterbacks coach Brandon Doman to offensive coordinator. He also named former Cougar and NFL player Kelly Poppinga to a permanent position on the defensive staff as outside linebackers coach. A few days later, Mendenhall hired Joe DuPaix as BYU's running backs coach and recruiting coordinator. Finally, he added former BYU and Canadian Football League wide receiver Ben Cahoon as the wide receivers coach.

2011 season
At BYU's first-ever Media Day, Mendenhall announced that he had signed a three-year contract extension that would take him through the 2013 season but hinted that coaching BYU may not be his football calling forever. According to Mendenhall, "BYU wanted to make it longer term than that. I want to be worthy of the position I have and I'm going to give it everything I have for those three (years). I'm not saying I won't go farther than that. I hope that's reported. It's not three and done. But I'm willing to lead the charge through independence, then re-evaluate."

Embarking on its first season playing as an independent, BYU finished the 2011 season, Mendenhall's seventh as head coach, with its fifth 10-win season (10–3) in the last six years, seventh straight bowl invitation and third-straight bowl win. The Cougars defeated Tulsa in a 24–21 come-from-behind victory in the Armed Forces Bowl and earned a No. 25 final ranking in USA Today Coaches Poll. After another slow start to the season, Riley Nelson was named the starting quarterback after leading Cougars to a 27–24 victory vs. Utah State in the fifth game of the year, helping BYU win nine of its last 10 games.

2012 season
In 2012, BYU had an 8–5 season—including a Poinsettia Bowl victory over former Mountain West Conference rival San Diego State—and Holmoe announced Mendenhall had extended his contract through the 2016 season. Said Mendenhall: "BYU is a special place and this is a special time. I'm excited to build on the success of our program over [the] past eight years, and I think there's much more that we can accomplish at BYU." Prior to the 2013 season, Mendenhall re-hired Robert Anae as the offensive coordinator and also turned over the defense to secondary coach Nick Howell.

2013 season
After losing defensive star Ezekiel Ansah as the #5 pick in the 2013 NFL Draft, the season started slowly for BYU. A blowout win against #15 Texas that put the football world on notice was sandwiched between disappointing losses at Virginia and against Utah. After adjustments by Mendenhall, the team won 5 games in a row including impressive victories against Boise State and Georgia Tech. In a game against Houston, BYU had 456 yards of offense in the first half alone, and Cody Hoffman became the all-time leading receiver in BYU history while the Cougars set the all-time school mark with 41 first downs in a single game. However, the team's defense was not as strong as usual, and BYU finished 8–5 after a loss in its bowl game against Washington.

2014 season
For the second consecutive year, BYU throttled the #25 Texas Longhorns on both sides of the ball and won the game going away, 41–7. The team also avenged their loss against Virginia by winning in Provo. Also for the second consecutive year, BYU opened the season on the road in the east coast, beating UConn 35–10 on their home field. Another 8–5 season was in store as BYU lost The Old Wagon Wheel to Utah State, 20–35. Mendenhall and BYU played a memorable first edition of the Miami Beach Bowl against Memphis, for which star quarterback Taysom Hill was injured and did not play. The Cougars lost a double-overtime thriller to Memphis and its coach Justin Fuente. A brawl broke out after the game-ending Memphis interception, in which a Memphis player was seen dangerously swinging his metal helmet as a weapon at a BYU player who was taking on four of the Tigers at once.

2015 season
BYU opened the season playing away at Nebraska, coming away with a hard-earned victory against the Cornhuskers, 33–28. They followed up the win with an impressive home victory against #20 Boise State, 35–24. However, a heartbreaking 23–24 loss at #10 UCLA Bruins lingered with the team to the following week, when they were blown out, 0–31, at Michigan. The team would recover though and win 7 of its last 8 regular season games to earn a 9–3 record and an eleventh consecutive bowl invitation, all under Mendenhall.

This season would be Mendenhall's last as the BYU head coach. As he had alluded to in his 2011 contract negotiations, it was soon time for him to move on from BYU and its unique situation, opportunity, and restraints. While his brother and father had played for the Cougars, Bronco himself had played at a public university in a major conference, Oregon State. BYU held a joint press conference with AD Tom Holmoe and Mendenhall for his departure, in which BYU thanked him for his many successful years as head coach, leaving with the second-most wins in school history at 99. Mendenhall also thanked BYU for the one-of-a-kind opportunity and agreed to coach the team in the 2015 Las Vegas Bowl against #20 Utah.

Virginia

Head coach
On December 4, 2015, Mendenhall was named the head coach of the Virginia Cavaliers, after Mike London resigned on November 29, 2015. Mendenhall had previously turned down the head coaching job at UCLA several years prior to accepting the one at Virginia. The hire gained attention across the sports spectrum, as Boston Celtics president and BYU alumnus Danny Ainge voiced his congratulations to both Mendenhall and UVA on the hire. The appointment was viewed by many as a surprise, following intense speculation involving Mark Richt, Jeff Brohm, and Sonny Dykes as candidates, and drew comparisons with the 2009 hire of Virginia's men's basketball coach Tony Bennett.

2016 season
Going into the 2016 season, the Cavaliers had accumulated losing seasons for four consecutive years under London, and a total of eight losing seasons in the previous ten. In the press conference at BYU following the announcement of his departure, Mendenhall made note of the similarities to the Cougars when he took over as head coach, having suffered three losing seasons under Gary Crowton at that time. Things did not go well for the Cavaliers in his first season at UVA however, as the team finished 2–10, last place in the ACC, and he did not coach in a bowl game for the first time in his entire career. This 2–10 record matched UVA's record in 2013, which was itself the worst for the program since 1981. Though it was Mendenhall's first season at the helm, it was the program's fifth consecutive losing season.

Mendenhall highlighted roster management as an area where the previous staff fell short. "What I call succession planning, just the methodical, simple filling of a roster to rebuild and develop, has not been done very well," Mendenhall said, "and I love doing that part... [but] it's hard to develop four years of players unless you have four years of players."

2017 season
Virginia was picked last in the ACC Coastal by all seven football experts at CBS Sports heading into the 2017 season. Despite the poor projections, the Cavaliers surprised many by starting the season 5–1, including a 42–23 road win against a nationally ranked Boise State team. Mendenhall's Cavaliers also won the South's Oldest Rivalry against North Carolina for the first time since 2009, and later defeated Georgia Tech to claim their 6th win of the season and qualify the team for its first bowl bid since the 2011 Peach Bowl.

2018 season
Despite coming off an improved record and a bowl appearance in 2017, Virginia once again was picked last in the ACC Coastal by ESPN and many college football news services. However, the Cavaliers handily defeated official ACC rivals Louisville, 27–3, again won the South's Oldest Rivalry against North Carolina, 31–21, and upended the No. 16 Miami Hurricanes, 16–13. However, to end the regular season they dropped two consecutive overtime games to Georgia Tech and Virginia Tech (27–30, 31–34) despite being perceived as outplaying both squads. The team then regrouped and ended things on a dominant high note with a statement win over South Carolina, 28–0, in the 2018 Belk Bowl. The lopsided victory was seen as a show of strength for not only Virginia and Mendenhall, but for ACC football's standing relative to SEC teams in the runup before Clemson's rout of Alabama for the National Championship.

2019 season
Mendenhall's Cavaliers improved on the previous year's win total for the third straight year. After opening with a win at Pitt, they proceeded to go undefeated at home, culminating in their first victory over Virginia Tech after fifteen consecutive losses in their rivalry. The victory capped a 9–3 regular season and secured the program's first Coastal Division title and a berth in the 2019 ACC Championship Game and 2019 Orange Bowl. This was the program's first Orange Bowl bid since turning down an invite 68 years earlier (for the 1952 Orange Bowl) and only the third New Year's Six appearance of any Coastal Division member. It was also the Cavaliers' most prestigious bowl appearance since George Welsh led the 1990 unit to the Sugar Bowl.

2020 season
The COVID-19 pandemic cast a pall over the season, and the ACC teams played mostly only each other with FCS program Abilene Christian being a late addition for UVA. Fans were not allowed at any Virginia home games. The team finished 5–5 and declined to participate in a bowl game. Highlights included an exciting 44–41 win over No. 13 North Carolina, the Wahoos' fourth consecutive victory in the South's Oldest Rivalry.

2021 season
UVA started the season 6-2. After two consecutive losses to North Carolina and Wake Forest, UVA won four ACC games in a row, including wins against Louisville and Miami, each on last-second field goal misses by the opponent. However, UVA lost its next game to BYU, where Mendenhall started his head coaching career. Star quarterback Brennan Armstrong left the game with an injury, and he missed UVA's next game against Notre Dame. Armstrong came back in late November, where UVA lost a shootout with Pitt.  UVA ended their regular season with a close loss to Virginia Tech, a game they have won only twice since 1999. UVA ended the season with the 24th-best offense ranked by points scored and 3rd-best offense by yards per game, but 108th in opponent points per game and 122nd in opponent yards per game. On December 2, Mendenhall announced he was stepping down as UVA's head coach after bowl game, but also said he was not retiring from coaching and confirmed that he had not yet taken another college football coaching position.

Head coaching record

Personal life
Mendenhall is married to Holly Johnston.  They have three sons. Mendenhall is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Notes

References

External links
 Virginia profile

1966 births
Living people
American football defensive backs
BYU Cougars football coaches
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football coaches
Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football coaches
New Mexico Lobos football coaches
Oregon State Beavers football coaches
Oregon State Beavers football players
Snow Badgers football players
Virginia Cavaliers football coaches
People from Alpine, Utah
People from American Fork, Utah
Players of American football from Utah County, Utah
American Latter Day Saints
Latter Day Saints from Virginia
Snow Badgers football coaches

Bronco Mendenhall


Area code 409 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. state of Texas. The numbering plan area comprises the Beaumont and Galveston areas. It was created on March 19, 1983, in an area code split of area code 713, the first since 619 split from 714 four months earlier. Initially, it consisted of a horseshoe-shaped area that almost completely surrounded Houston, but in 2000 it was divided into three sections. Area code 409 was retained by the eastern segment, while the central portion, centered on Nacogdoches, received area code 936 and the western portion centered on Bryan–College Station, was assigned area code 979.

Service area
The counties served by area code 409 are Chambers, Galveston, Hardin, Jasper, Jefferson, Newton, Orange, Polk, Sabine, Trinity, and Tyler.

This includes the following cities and towns: Anahuac, Beaumont, Bevil Oaks, Bon Wier, Bridge City, Bronson, Brookeland, Buna, Burkeville, Call, China, Colmesneil, Deweyville, Doucette, Evadale, Fannett, Fred, Galveston, Gilchrist, Groves, Hamshire, Hankamer, Hemphill, High Island, Hillister, Hitchcock, Honey Island, Jamaica Beach, Jasper, Kirbyville, Kountze, La Marque, LaBelle, Lumberton, Mauriceville, Milam, Nederland, Newton, Nome, Orange, Orangefield, Pine Forest, Pinehurst, Pineland, Pinewood Estates, Port Arthur, Port Bolivar, Port Neches, Rose City, Rose Hill Acres, Sabine Pass, Santa Fe, Silsbee, Sour Lake, Spurger, Stowell, Taylor Landing, Texas City, Tiki Island, Vidor, Village Mills, Wallisville, Warren, West Orange, Wiergate, Wildwood, Winnie, and  Woodville.

Ten-digit dialing
Prior to October 2021, area code 409 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021.

See also
List of Texas area codes

References

External links

 List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 409 Area Code

Telecommunications-related introductions in 1983
409
409
Galveston, Texas

Area code 409


Wednesfield railwey station wis a station biggit by the Wolverhampton and Walsall Railwey in 1872, and wis operated by the Midland Railwey frae 1876 onwards. It sert the Wednesfield airie o Wolverhampton, and wis locatit neist Neachells Lane.

The station closed in 1931, awbesit the line remeened in uise till the 1980s for the guids depot in Wednesfield and neist factories.

Station steid taeday
Aw evident o the umwhile station steid and trackbed hae been dicht awa wi redevelopment in the airie and the Wednesfield Wey frae Neachells Lane taewart Bentley Bridge Retail Park utilizes some o the trackbed. Aw evident o the railwey has lang vainished ither than the brig stells tae the north wast awbesit they now mak up a canaul and passenger walkwey.

References

Railwey stations

Wednesfield railwey station


Sir William Philip Colfox, 1st Baronet, MC, DL, JP (25 February 1888 – 8 November 1966) was an English soldier, farmer and Conservative Party politician.

Early life and military career
Colfox was the son of Colonel Thomas Alfred Colfox of Coneygar, Bridport, and Constance, daughter of Edward John Nettlefold of Hallfield, Birmingham. Born in Bridport, Dorset, he was educated at Eton College and at Woolwich. Serving in 132 Royal Field Artillery (RFA) in Fermoy 1908-9 and Ewshott 1909-12 he joined 14 RFA at Allahabad 1912-14 and Secunderabad 1914. He served as a Major in France and Belgium in 128, 130, 129, G/38, 6DAC and D/162 RFA during World War I, and was wounded twice in 1917, receiving a Military Cross.  He then taught classics and mathematics at Eton for the rest of World War I. In later life, when fully retired, he taught mathematics to children in Bridport as a volunteer.

Political career
His father had started as a Liberal, but Colfox followed his mother's family – which included Joseph Chamberlain (Founder of the National Liberal Federation, Liberal Unionist Association and National Radical Union), his sons Austen and Neville Chamberlain — first to become Liberal or Radical Unionists then Unionists and later Conservative Unionists.

At the 1918 general election, Colfox was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dorset North as a Coalition Unionist (majority 212) becoming in 1920 Private
Secretary (unpaid) to Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions (George Tryon) and in 1921 Private Secretary (unpaid) to Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies (Hon EFL Wood - Lord Halifax).

At the 1922 general election, he was returned to the House of Commons as MP for Dorset West with a majority of 4,548. Between 1922 and 1923 he was Assistant Government Whip.

In 1923 and 1924, he held the seat as a Unionist (majorities 3,013 and 6,662) and outspoken backbencher and from 1925 as a Conservative Unionist.

At the 1929 election, his majority was 4,326; in 1931, 5,239; and in 1935 it reduced to 2,090 following disparaging remarks made about his opponent Mr Chapel, a Welsh Methodist minister.

Refusing lesser honours, Colfox accepted a baronetcy in 1939 from his cousin Neville Chamberlain, speaking in the debate following the latter's resignation in support of the outgoing Prime Minister. He held the seat until his retirement in 1941. He served as High Sheriff of Dorset for 1946. He remained an Alderman of Dorset County Council until he died in 1966.  He ran his farm based on sound organic principles in conjunction with his son John.

During World War II, he ran the West Dorset Home Guard as Lt Col.  An inspection by the War Office recorded that he ran it in a most independent fashion. Mary, Lady Colfox recalled that he was irritated by this inspection saying: "What do they know about running a war in London?"

Family history
Six hundred years after Sir Nicholas Colfox (on the instructions of Richard II and his feudal lord, the Duke of Norfolk) was involved in the murder of the King's uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (1397), Sir Philip had returned Colfoxs to the national scene. Sir Nicholas was pardoned by King Henry IV in 1404.

Colfox's family had a long connection with Symondsbury, Bridport. The family is first mentioned in the town records in 1280. In 1357 Peter Colfox was commissioned by Edward III to rebuild Marshwood Castle, sold by Colfox's brother-in-law in the early 20th century. In 1394, Sir William Colfox, Vicar of Chilthorne Dommer near Yeovil, witnessed an Inquisition relating to part of the Manor of Symondsbury which Sir William Philip Colfox inherited in 1924.

Personal life
In 1920, he married Mary Frances Bullen (1892–1973), the daughter of John Bullen Symes Bullen of Catherston, Charmouth Dorset.  They had 2 sons and 2 daughters: Thomas Andrew (1922–1936), (William) John (2nd Bart) (1924–2014), Susan Frances (1929–), and Bridget Alice (1931–2016).

He was a Unitarian worshipping in the Chapel in Bridport built by his ancestor Thomas Collins Colfox in 1797. In Bridport, he continued to teach children Mathematics and Classics and was Chairman of the Governors of the Colfox School, so-named in honour of his father who had given the land and refounded the previous Unitarian grammar school.

Sir Philip and cars were a notorious combination - he parked his car in Bridport perpendicularly to the pavement and policemen were warned that everyone else but him were to be fined. A daughter was asked at a party in Kent - "Are you related to that bad driver from Dorset?"

Colfoxes had been on the Bridport Bench as magistrates continually since the 15th century. On one occasion Sir Philip, Lady Colfox (and her brother, Jack Bullen) heard a misdemeanour offence against the couple's son charged by the police for the road traffic offence of leaving mud on a public road - which he freely admitted. John was defended by his brother-in-law. His father, mother and uncle found him not guilty and awarded costs against the police.  This made local press but only in inside pages in 1950.

Arms

References

External links

1888 births
1966 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
People from Bridport
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Artillery officers
Recipients of the Military Cross
Colfox, Sir William, 1st Baronet
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
Deputy Lieutenants of Dorset
High Sheriffs of Dorset

Philip Colfox


Chief Sir Leo Dion GCL KBE CMG QPM (born 1950) is a Papua New Guinean politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2012 to 2017.

He worked as a police officer before entering politics, and was awarded the Queen's Police Medal.

Dion was first elected to the National Parliament in a by-election in 2000, for the East New Britain provincial seat. His election to the provincial seat also made him Governor of the East New Britain province, of which he was previously deputy governor. He has been re-elected continuously to the seat and governorship since then, most recently in 2012.

Formerly a member of the National Alliance Party, he joined the Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party ("THE Party") prior to the 2012 general election. Following that election, Prime Minister Peter O'Neill appointed him Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Inter-Government Relations. In June 2014, Dion joined O'Neill's People's National Congress Party.

Dion lost his seat to former MP Nakikus Konga in the 2017 election.

References

Living people
1950 births
Members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Deputy Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea
Governors of East New Britain Province
Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party politicians
National Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea) politicians
Papua New Guinean knights
Papua New Guinean Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Papua New Guinean police officers
Commonwealth recipients of the Queen's Police Medal

Leo Dion


Ailsa Horton Land (; 14 June 1927 – 16 May 2021) was a Professor of Operational Research in the Department of Management at the London School of Economics and was the first woman professor of  Operational Research in Britain. She is most well-known for co-defining the branch and bound algorithm along with Alison Doig whilst carrying out research at the London School of Economics in 1960. She was married to Frank Land, who is an Emeritus Professor at the LSE.

Early life
Ailsa Dicken was born on 14 June 1927 in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, the only daughter of Elizabeth (nee Greig) and Harold Dicken. Her father worked in his family sports retail business and later became a salesman for Dunlop. Ailsa was keen on science in school, but didn't thrive in her local grammar school in Lichfield, disliking the discipline, so her parents sent her to Rocklands, a small, mixed boarding school in Hastings in East Sussex for a year. This school had only around 50 students, and students were encouraged to work at their own pace with a particular focus on mathematics. Students were also taken to institutions around Hastings including a gasworks where they were shown how coking coal was converted into gas to be used in homes.

When World War Two broke out her mother moved them to Canada, hoping to spend the war with relatives there. The pair departed in April and by September 3, Britain and Canada were at war with Germany, leaving Ailsa and her mother trapped in Canada. Ailsa's father remained in England and served as a Catering Officer in RAF Bomber Command stations until the end of the War in 1945. Ailsa and her mother eventually settled in Toronto, where Ailsa attended the Malvern Collegiate Institute for three years.

In 1943 Ailsa and her mother Elizabeth decided to join the Canadian Women's Army Corps (aged 16, Ailsa had to claim to be 18 to qualify to join up). By 1944 they were both working in clerical jobs in the National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa which was run entirely by female staff to replace male soldiers that were dispatched to England to prepare for the invasion of Nazi-occupied France. Ailsa and her mother ultimately obtained compassionate discharges to return to the UK as Harold Dicken, (serving as a catering officer in the RAF), was undergoing a dangerous operation (which he survived).

Education
Ailsa was able to enter the LSE to study for a degree in economics in 1946, her position as a demobilised servicewoman helping her gain access and a grant. She won the Bowley Prize for a first year Economics paper. Graduating in 1950, she spent the rest of her career at the institution.

Land obtained her PhD from the London School of Economics in 1956, her dissertation was entitled An Application of the Techniques of Linear Programming to the Transportation of Coal, supervised by George Morton. Her PhD work focused on solving a large transport problem without a computer in which the origin to destination costs are unknown and only the rail network distances between junctions are known.

Research
After securing a position as Research Assistantship in the Economics Research Division at LSE in 1950, Land progressed through the ranks of research assistant, lecturer, senior lecturer, reader, and then chaired professor. Her economics background informed her subsequent contributions to OR, beginning with her 1956 dissertation on the application of OR techniques to the transportation of coking coal.

Ailsa is most known for her development, along with Alison Doig, of what later came to be called the branch-and-bound method for optimization problems with integer variables. Their work was published in Econometrica in 1960. This work was initially carried out at the London School of Economics under the sponsorship of British Petroleum, with the aim of enhancing existing linear programming models for refinery operations. Ailsa and Alison did not have access to a computer at the time, but they developed an algorithm that could be converted to Fortran by British Petroleum Staff. The method is now the most prevalent solution method for NP-hard optimization problems.

Land also worked with Helen Makower and George Morton in the late 1950s on a number of integer programming problems. This included her early investigations of the travelling salesman problem, beginning with a 1955 paper with Morton, and continuing with a 1979 research report on 100 city traveling salesman problems. In addition, Land advanced OR methodology through publication of notable work on shortest path algorithms, quadratic programming, bicriteria decision problems, and statistical data fitting. Following her retirement from the LSE in 1987, she continued several research projects, resulting in contributions to data envelopment analysis, the quadratic assignment problem, and combinatorial auctions.

In addition to her methodological work, Ailsa worked on the development of computational tools. In 1973, Ailsa published her book Fortran Codes for Mathematical Programming: Linear, Quadratic and Discrete, written jointly with Susan Powell. This provided detailed documentation for computer implementations of optimization techniques as well as the underlying mathematical background and a suite of test problems. A subsequent 1979 publication, also with Susan Powell, offered guidance to consumers of mixed-integer programming and combinatorial programming. Her computer codes for data envelopment analysis and for the traveling salesman problem were all made freely available to the optimization community.

Teaching
During Land's teaching career at the LSE, she helped to establish a two-year diploma in OR at the LSE for students from the British Iron and Steel Association. Later she instituted a mathematical programming course at the undergraduate level as well as an advanced graduate course for the MSc program.

Land mentored both master's level and PhD students, several of whom have achieved international distinction.

Awards and honours
Land was awarded the Harold Larnder prize by the Canadian Operational Research Society in 1994 for achieving international distinction in operational research.

A student award at the London School of Economics, the Ailsa Land Prize, is given annually in her honour.

Land was posthumously awarded the EURO Gold Medal, the highest distinction within OR in Europe, at the EURO Conference in 2021.

Personal life
She met her future husband Frank Land, in her graduating class. He had come to Britain with his parents and twin brother in 1939 as refugees from Nazi Germany and was one of the computing pioneers who developed the Leo computer for J Lyons & Co, and later is a professor at LSE. They married in 1953 and had three children, Frances, Richard and Margi during her PhD studies.

Following her retirement from teaching and administration in 1987, Land continued to work on research projects, stating  'Now I'm retired I can do some research!", until she and her husband moved to Devon in 2000, where she became as clerk to the parish meeting in Harford, near Ivybridge, between trips abroad, moving to Totnes in 2015.

Ailsa Land died on 16 May 2021 at the age of 93.

References

External links

1927 births
2021 deaths
British mathematicians
Donegall Lecturers of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin
Women mathematicians
Operations researchers
Academics of the London School of Economics
People from West Bromwich

Ailsa Land


Stephen Astwood (born September 8, 1981) is a retired Bermudian football player.

Club career
Astwood began his career as a striker with PHC Zebras and the Somerset Trojans, and played for several years in the Bermudian Premier Division before joining the Bermuda Hogges in the USL Second Division for its inaugural season in 2007. He has been a starting midfielder throughout his three seasons with the team and was named the league's Rookie of the Year in 2007.

In summer 2012, Astwood joined Southampton Rangers from PHC Zebras.

International career
He made his debut for Bermuda in a January 2000 friendly match against Canada and earned a total of 26 caps, scoring 3 goals. He has represented his country in 9 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

His final international match was an August 2008 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification match against the Cayman Islands.

International goals
Scores and results list Bermuda's goal tally first.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Bermudian men's footballers
Bermuda men's international footballers
PHC Zebras players
Bermuda Hogges F.C. players
USL Second Division players

Stephen Astwood


Sidney Haight (August 21, 1847 – September 17, 1918) was a soldier in the United States Army during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor, the highest honor of the U.S. military.

Biography

Haight was born in Reading, Michigan in 1846.  He entered the U.S. Army at Goodland, Michigan, and served in Company E of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters.  He reached the rank of corporal.  Haight received the citation for actions at Petersburg, Virginia on July 30, 1864, in the Battle of Petersburg, Virginia. He died Sep. 17, 1918 in Reading, Michigan.

Haight's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Instead of retreating, remained in the captured works, regardless of his personal safety and exposed to the firing, which he boldly and deliberately returned until the enemy was close upon him.

Haight was awarded the Medal of Honor on July 31, 1896.

References

United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
1857 births
1918 deaths
Military people from Michigan

Sidney Haight


Boghead is a small village in South Lanarkshire, west central Scotland. It is about  southeast of Glasgow and sits nearby to the River Nethan and Avon Water. Boghead is a residential area, with working residents commuting to nearby villages and large towns of Lesmahagow, Strathaven and Lanark. It is composed of houses built along Strathaven Road (the B7086) and Lesmahagow Road. It originated in the early 19th century around the old Blackwood Estate, as the original inhabitants used to work there.

Bent Primary
Bent Primary is a primary school situated  east of Boghead on the A726. The school is mainly attended by children from Boghead and other close villages and is a Mixed school of Non Denominational religion. It is for pupils aged 5 years old through 11, and its Local Education Authority is South Lanarkshire.

Businesses in Boghead
From 1926 to the present day, there was a haulage company called "Richard Bell & Sons". This company transported cattle and other animals around Scotland, with its base being in Boghead. It was a family business through the years, until its sale in 2000 to one of its employees. The business is still running under the title "Richard Bell & Sons", however its current owner resides outside the village in Brocketsbrae.

Owen Pilling Graphics Ltd, one of the UK's leading manufacturers in vehicle graphics and design, was set up and based adjoining the owner's house in Boghead. OPG have recently moved out from Boghead, and their business is now located in Lesmahagow.

References

Villages in South Lanarkshire

Boghead


Sonic Boom Records is an independent record store located in Seattle, Washington.  The store was opened by Jason Hughes and Nabil Ayers on September 26, 1997.  Between 1997 and 2014, Sonic Boom had expanded to three locations in Seattle (Fremont, Ballard, Capitol Hill) and currently has one location at 2209 NW Market Street in Seattle's Ballard neighborhood.

Over the years, Sonic Boom has hosted free live in-store performances by Death Cab For Cutie, M.I.A., Joanna Newsom, My Morning Jacket, The Shins, Stephen Malkmus and hundreds of other artists from around the world.  The store has hosted autograph signings by Sleater-Kinney, Andrew WK and Interpol.

Sonic Boom has been named one of the best record stores in America by Rolling Stone, The Wall Street Journal and SPIN Magazine, and has been profiled by NPR, The New York Times and The Seattle Times.

In July 2016, it was announced that Sonic Boom Records was sold to a longtime customer.  Ayers published a memoir about the store that was published in Seattle newspaper, The Stranger.

References

External links
 Official homepage of Sonic Boom Records

Companies based in Seattle
Music retailers of the United States
1997 establishments in Washington (state)
Landmarks in Seattle
Music of Seattle
American companies established in 1997

Sonic Boom Records


Róza Csillag or Rosa Herrmann-Csillag (born Róza Goldstein, 23 October 1832 – 20 February 1892) was an Austro-Hungarian mezzo-soprano opera singer.

Csillag was born in the Jewish community of Irsa in central Hungary (today Albertirsa), and her father was Moritz Goldstein, a hazzan of Irsa. She first attracted attention in the chorus of the Hungarian National Theatre at Budapest, where by 1849 she was playing the roles of Nancy in Flotow's Martha and Mátyás Hunyadi in Erkel's Hunyadi László.

Recommended to the Vienna Court Opera in 1850 by the singer Anna de La Grange, she received further training from Heinrich Proch and made her initial appearances there, most notably as Fidès in Meyerbeer's Le prophète.  She delighted audiences with her beautiful mezzo-soprano voice and remained a favorite member of the company of the Vienna Court Opera until 1873. She also toured widely around Europe with much success, and in 1870 appeared in New York.

In 1852 she married the celebrated prestidigitator and magician Carl "Compars" Hermann. The opera singer and actress Blanche Corelli was their daughter.

When her voice was beginning to deteriorate, she became a singing teacher at the Vienna Conservatoire. She died in Vienna and was buried in the Central Cemetery there.

Selected roles
Mátyás Hunyadi in Hunyadi László, Erkel
Fidès in Le prophète, Meyerbeer
Nancy in Martha, Flotow
Romeo in I Capuleti e i Montecchi, Bellini
Lucrezia in Lucrezia Borgia, Gaetano Donizetti

References

External links

1832 births
1892 deaths
People from Albertirsa
Austro-Hungarian Jews
Jewish opera singers
Singers from Austria-Hungary
Austrian operatic mezzo-sopranos
19th-century Hungarian women  opera singers
19th-century Austrian women  opera singers
Hungarian mezzo-sopranos

Róza Csillag


Pearsons Corner is an unincorporated community in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Pearsons Corner is located at the intersection of state routes 8 and 44, west of Dover.

History of Pearsons Corner

In 2009 a cultural resource survey was undertaken by the Delaware Department of Transportation.  This survey has illuminated early life in Pearsons Corner.  Much of the following information is extracted from this report.

Early history of Kent County
Pearson's Corner is located in West Dover Hundred, Kent County, Delaware, approximately ten miles west of Dover. What is now Kent County was originally part of the Whorekill County, as it was named by early Dutch settlers. It became an independent territory under the name St. Jones County in 1680 and was transferred to William Penn in 1682. Though there is no extant record of the change of name to Kent County, historian J. Scharf contends that it was likely done at the time of this transfer. There were few settlers and no village of real importance in St. Jones/Kent County in the 17th century. A census taken just after the formation of the county in 1680 enumerated only 99 people and subsequent settlement occurred slowly, driven mostly by migrants from Maryland who settled along the streams and waterways of central Delaware (Scharf 1888:1028-1029).

19th-century development
In the early 19th century a new road was laid out connecting the Road from Dover to the Horse Head to the community at Dinah's Crossroads to the north. The area of present-day Pearson's Corner continued to be marked by large farms as the Rash and Pearson families became increasingly strong presences in the community.

By the second half of the 19th century, a road had been constructed from Pearson's Corner south to Hazlettville (or George Town) and a small village had coalesced at the crossroads formed by this road and the road to Dover. By the middle of the 19th century, the intersection was home to dwellings as well as a blacksmith and wheelwright shop, store and granary that served both the rural community and travelers. The roads leading away from Pearson's Corner were dotted with scattered farmsteads.

Before Joseph Rash Sr. died in 1837, he had sold a 15-acre parcel at what is now the northeast corner of Pearson's Corner to Joseph Rash Jr. (Kent County Deed S2/214). After his death, the remainder of Joseph Rash Sr.'s 300-acre tract was divided into four smaller farms. A 60-acre parcel adjacent to the aforesaid 15-acre tract was devised to John H. Rash who subsequently purchased the 15-acre parcel from the heirs of Joseph Rash, Jr. Thus, by 1840 John H. Rash owned a contiguous 75-acre farm at the northeast corner of Pearson's Corner. In 1845, John H. Rash sold the farm to Moses Rash who owned the property until his death in 1887 (Kent County Deeds P3/117 and A4/61). Moses Rash was a farmer who cultivated grain and fruit for the market. He erected a "fine residence" on his property in 1849 (J.M. Runk & Co. 1899:1370) and Price and Rea's map of Delaware confirms that a dwelling was certainly standing on the property by 1850. Located approximately on the lot at present 5752 Forrest Avenue, this dwelling remained standing into the 20th century. In 1846 Elijah Crouch purchased the 100-acre farm that had previously been laid off to Elizabeth Course in Elizabeth Roe's will, from John and Elizabeth Jones, the heirs of John Jones. Though a dwelling house existed on the property when the Kent County Orphans Court ordered the division of the lot in 1839, it is unknown whether this dwelling was standing at the time of Crouch's purchase.  Regardless, Crouch built a new dwelling house on the property between 1850 and 1859 and this house is still standing today at 3299 Hartly Road. Crouch also built a house on the south side of the road from Dover to the Horse Head between 1850 and 1859, but this house was removed by 1868.

In 1870, William Pearson sold 108 acres of his farm on the south side of the Horse Head Road to Abraham Pearson. This farm had previously been the residence of William Pearson, but was at the time of sale already in Abraham Pearson's possession. Five years later, William Pearson sold a house lot on the southeast corner of Pearson's Corner, bounded on the north by the Road to Dover, on the west by the road to Hazlettville and on the south and east by the 108-acre farm William Pearson had previously sold to Abraham Pearson (Kent County Deeds T5/162 and M5/12). Thus, until it was divided from the larger farm tract in 1870 this small lot at the southeast corner of Pearson's Corner had been part of a much larger farm that centered on a farmhouse located to the east. Although it existed as a part of a larger farm tract, a building was standing at the southeast corner of Pearson's corner as early as 1850.  A.D. Byles' Map of Kent County, Delaware (1859), which identifies the building as a "store" provides the earliest evidence of the building's use. A deed from the 1875 sale of the corner lot from William Pearson to Abraham Pearson described the property as containing "several improvements now enjoyed by the said John Pearson as tenant under the said William Pearson Sr." (Kent County Deed T5/162). A plot accompanying the Delaware General Assembly's Act to Straighten a Road from Pearson's Corner to Hazlettville identifies the building as "Pearson's House".  The earliest architectural description of the Pearson store uncovered in the course of this research is found in an 1899 deed of sale for the adjacent farm in which one boundary of the farm is described as "the said small lot of land containing about three-quarters of an-acre and which said small lot of land has erected thereon a three story framed building used as a store and dwelling house." At the time the house and store lot was occupied by Willard S. Carson (Kent County Deed E8/407).

20th-century development
At the beginning of the 20th century, Pearson's Corner still existed as a rural crossroads village. But as the century progressed, changes and improvements to the road network and the pressures of post-World War II suburban development would alter, but not destroy, the historic character of the community.

Amish settlement
In 1915, the first Amish settlement in Kent County started when the families of Bishop David Y. Miller and Jacob K. Miller arrived in Delaware. They had moved to the state from the west and settled near Dover in East Dover Hundred. These families were soon joined by the family of William Beachy and several others and by 1916 five Amish families had settled in the area. They were drawn to the state by the availability of good level land at reasonable prices and the large acreage of fruit crops the ground supported.  Though some families left – like the Beachys who soon made plans to move to Oregon – enough Amish families continued to move into Delaware to steadily grow the community. By 1924, sixteen Amish families lived in the state – a number that grew to 111 families by 1988. Since the 1980s, the growth of Amish farms along the road from Hartly to Dover has been limited due to industrial expansion. Many farmers have moved from fruit and vegetable production to grain production and also established small shops to maintain economic viability (Clark 1988; Hostetler and Yoder 1990).

Old Pearson Store
The old Pearson store and house had been torn down or otherwise removed from the lot at the southeastern corner of Pearson's Corner by 1922. That year, the Delaware State Highway Department drew plans for the widening of the road from Dover to Pearson's Corner. Though these plans do depict buildings, there is nothing shown on the southeastern corner of Pearson's Corner.  It is likely that Willard C. Hurd constructed the building that now stands at the southeastern corner of Pearson's corner shortly after he purchased the property in 1923, as an aerial photograph shows a building on the lot in 1926 (Kent County Deed K12/293). By 1933, Hurd's property contained a two-story frame store, two gasoline pumps and a corn crib and shed.

Changes to the road network
The single greatest change to the landscape of Pearson's Corner in the 20th century was the construction of Delaware Route 8 (Halltown Road) between Pearson's Corner and Marydel. The Delaware State Highway Department granted Contract CK-9 to Harrison Engineering & Construction Corporation of Buffalo, New York on March 29, 1922, for work on a 6.2-mile section of roadway between Marydel and Pearson's Corner (Delaware State Highway Department 1922).  Between 1939 and 1941, the Delaware State Highway Department widened State Routes 44 and 8 by four to six feet between Dover and Everett's Corner. Touted as a "long-awaited improvement," the first contract for the widening of State Route 44 between Dover and Pearson's Corner was completed in 1939 (Delaware State Highway Department 1939), and the improvements to the section of State Route 8 between Pearson's Corner and Everett's Corner were completed two years later (Delaware State HighwayDepartment 1941).

Post-World War Two residential and commercial development
With increased access to the Pearson's Corner area and the pressures of the suburban housing boom driving up land prices in Kent County, Ralph J. Vincent began subdividing and selling his 89-acre farm at Pearson's Corner (see Kent County Deeds T18/382, K19/361, I21/337 and K21/462). The first new houses to be constructed on the former Vincent farm were located on the northwest side of Delaware Route 8 (6401 and 6417 Halltown Road). Completed by 1952, these two small dwellings are depicted on the Delaware State Highway Department's plans for improvements to Mardyel-Pearson's Corner Road.  By 1961, the dwelling at 3327 Hartly Road was completed, and by 1968, the house at 6433 Halltown Road had been built (Aerial Photographs 1954, 1961 and 1968). Outside of the Vincent farm, other landowners took advantage of increased land values in the region and also sold off portions of their property for  residential development. The dwelling at 2333 Pearsons Corner Road had been constructed or moved to the site before Carlton I. Pippin sold one acre of his five-acre property to Peter and Charlotte Ann Goff in 1967 (Kent County Deed S24/83; aerial photograph 1968). The crossroads at Pearson's Corner also attracted commercial development in the Post World War Two era, most of which was geared towards satisfying the needs of automobile travelers. In the 1950s and 1960s two gas stations opened at the crossroads, in addition to the abovementioned station operating at the site of the former Pearson store. A house and luncheonette that had been built between 1937 and 1953 at the northeast corner of Pearson's Corner was converted to a store and gas station by 1959 (Kent County Deed Z21/305; Aerial Photograph 1937). And another gas station was built at 6549 Halltown Road between 1961 and 1968 (Aerial Photographs 1961, 1968). More recently, a large Royal Farms convenience store and gas station opened on the southwest corner of Pearson's Corner between 2002 and 2007 (aerial photographs 2002, 2007).

Notable families

The Rash Family
The Rash family was a prominent Delaware farming family that had settled near Pearson's Corner by the early 19th century. John Rash, the founder of the American branch of the Rash family had emigrated from Wales and settled near Camden, Delaware where his son Joseph Rash Sr. was born. Joseph Rash Sr. and his first wife owned and cultivated a farm near Camden where they raised five children: Joseph Jr., John, Hester, Elizabeth and Mary. However, after his first wife's death, Joseph Sr. sold the farm near Camden and bought 300 acres of the tract formerly called Wieberry near Pearson's Corner, making him the first of the Rash family to settle in the vicinity.  Shortly thereafter, and prior to 1817, Joseph Rash Sr. married Elizabeth Hurd and the couple made their homestead on the 300 acres he had purchased near Pearson's Corner. He cleared and cultivated the land, erected buildings on the property and quickly became involved in the political and religious affairs of the community (J.M. Runk & Co. 1899:841).

The Pearson Family
William Pearson – the namesake of Pearson's Corner – was the first member of the Pearson family to settle near present-day Pearson's Corner. William Pearson and his wife Ann had at least seven children: William, Lydia, Rhody, Eliza, John, Martha and Abraham (United States Census Population Schedules 1850). In 1833, William Pearson purchased a large tract containing 437 acres and 25 square perches of land on the south side of the Horse Head Road, much of which would later become the property of his son Abraham (Kent County Deed G3/213). William Pearson established a farmstead on his property and a tax assessment recorded in 1837 noted that a brick dwelling, wooden dwelling, and outbuilding occupied by Pearson himself stood somewhere on the property (Kent County Board of Assessments 1837). A deed written in 1870 offers clues to the likely location of Pearson's early house. When William Pearson sold part of his farm tract to Abraham Pearson in that year the property was described as "lying on the South side of the Public road from Dover to Davis Corner, at or contiguous to Pearson's Corner, the same being now in the tenure of the said Abraham Pearson and was lately the farm residence of the said William Pearson" (Kent County Deed M5/12). Beers' Atlas of the State of Delaware (1868) shows Abraham Pearson's residence on the south side of the road to the east of Pearson's Corner, which is likely the dwelling referred to in the aforesaid deed.

The Thomas Family
By 1850, Jonathan Thomas had established a wheelwright shop on the five-acre property at the northwest corner of Pearson's Corner which his son had purchased in 1840 from John H. Rash (Kent County Deed Q3/2). He operated a wheelwright and blacksmith shop on the property until he died in 1864. Upon his death the Orphans Court of Kent County ordered that his lot at Pearson's Corner, which at the time contained a two-story frame dwelling, a blacksmith shop and wheelwright shop, stable and smoke house, be divided amongst his heirs – his wife Harriet, nine children and three grandchildren – and a survey of the property was drafted to this effect (Kent County Probate Files, Jonathan Thomas deceased, 1864–1866). Ultimately the property passed to Jonathan Thomas' son, Joseph H. Thomas, who continued to operate the wheelwright shop at least until 1880 and likely until his death (see Kent County Probate Files, Joseph H. Thomas and United States Census Population Schedules 1870, 1880; Boyd 1874; Boyd 1879). Joseph H. Thomas and his wife Mary lived on the property in Pearson's Corner and in addition to serving as the village's wheelwright, Thomas was also the postmaster (Kent County Probate Files, Joseph H. Thomas; Boyd 1874; Boyd 1879). The house at the northwest corner of Pearson's Corner remained in the Thomas family until the heirs of Mary Thomas sold the property in 1925 (Kent County Deed X12/5).

References

External links

Unincorporated communities in Kent County, Delaware
Unincorporated communities in Delaware

Pearsons Corner, Delaware


The Hornbæk Line () is a  long standard gauge single track railway line north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs along the coast of Øresund between Helsingør and Gilleleje, through an area with many holiday homes. The name Hornbækbanen refers to the town Hornbæk about halfway between Helsingør and Gilleleje.

The section from  to  opened in 1906, and the section from  to  in 1916. The railway is currently owned by Hovedstadens Lokalbaner and operated by the railway company Lokaltog. Lokaltog runs frequent local train services from  to  with most trains continuing from Gilleleje along the Gribskov Line to .

History

The first  long section of the railway line from Helsingør to Hornbæk opened on 22 May 1906 as the Helsingør-Hornbæk Banen (HHB). Initially, trains on the Hornbæk Line terminated at Grønnehave station in the northern part of Helsingør, but from 1908 all trains were continued via a connecting track along the harbour to Helsingør station, arriving and departing from a special railway halt in the street next to the station building.

The next  long section from Hornbæk onwards to } opened on 11 July 1916 and the railway changed its name to Helsingør-Hornbæk-Gilleleje Banen (HHGB).

In 2002, train operation on the Hornbæk Line was transferred from the operating company Helsingør-Hornbæk-Gilleleje Banen A/S (HHGB) to the newly formed railway company Lokalbanen A/S (LB) responsible for train operation on five local railways north of Copenhagen. Lokalbanen A/S merged with Regionstog A/S on 1 July 2015 to form the railway company Lokaltog A/S which is currently responsible for train operation and related passenger services on the Hornbæk Line.

Route

The Hornbæk Line originates from Helsingør station, running north via a connecting track along the harbour to Grønnehave station in the northern part of the city. From Grønnehave station the line continues to the northwest, following the coast line of the Øresund and serving the seaside towns of Ålsgårde, Hornbæk and Dronningmølle. From Dronningmølle the line continues due west, before curving north to reach its terminus at Gilleleje where the line connects with the tracks of the Gribskov Line at Gilleleje station.

Operations

Trains on the Hornbæk Line are operated by the railway company Lokaltog. Lokaltog operates a fairly intensive timetable on the Hornbæk Line with light DMUs working a fixed 30-minute frequency most of the day. Most passengers connect from Kystbanen regional trains at Helsingør. Until late 2007, transfers to and from Gribskovbanen were also possible at Gilleleje, but after major changes to Gilleleje station, trains now operate through Gilleleje to Hillerød along Gribskovbanen. This has eliminated the need to change at Gilleleje, but at the cost of going from 20-minute to 30-minute intervals.

Heritage train
During the summer months of July and August, Nordsjællands Veterantog operates weekend steam trains on the Hornbæk Line between Grønnehave and Gilleleje. This has been a tradition since 1971.

Stations

Cultural references
Both  and  stations and the section of the railway between them are used as a locations in the first Olsen Gang film.

See also
 List of railway lines in Denmark

References

External links

  Lokaltog

Hovedstadens Lokalbaner
Railway lines in Denmark
Railway lines opened in 1906
Railway lines opened in 1916
1906 establishments in Denmark
Rail transport in the Capital Region of Denmark

Hornbæk Line


Isin is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Isin Local Government Area of Kwara State was created from the old Irepodun Local Government Area in 1996 with the headquarters at Owu-Isin. It has an area of 633 km² and a population of 59,738 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 251.

Isin settlement
Isin comprises several towns and communities including Isanlu Isin, Iji- Isin, Ijara isin, Owu isin, Iwo, Oke-Aba, Oke-Onigbin, Alla, Edidi, Odo-Eku, Oba, Pamo, Oloponda, Igbesi, Eleyin, Kudu-Owode etc. To the north of Isin are Igbajaland, Oraland and Ireland; to the west are Ajasse Ipo and Oro; to the east are Oro-Ago and Olla and Osi in Ekiti LG; while to the south are Apaland, Arandun and Omu-Aran.

Origin
The Isin people are stock of the Igbomina. Although the Yoruba language is spoken in Isin, the dialect concurs with major Igbomina. They also migrated from Ife and Oyo. However, there are some Isin Towns whose founders migrated from outside these two states. Owu-Isin also migrated from Osun State and the first settlement to have a kingdom in Yorubaland.

Investigations unto how the area came to be called "Isin" have been carried out because for many villages with diverse origin as Isin villages to bear the all binding name "Isin", tells a lot of the importance of the name. Variously, different sources have different versions of its derivation.

Firstly, it is held that, the name was coined from "Igi Isin" (an ackee apple tree). Isin people was said to usually met under this tree to hold general meeting of all villages.

Another source still using the ackee apple tree as the source of the name, states that Olupo of Ajase-Ipo and Aina the founder of Isanlu Isin were cured of certain decease by a diviner, who used the bark of the ackee apple tree to treat them. It was out of gratitude that Aina named Isin after the magic tree.

A third version says that when Aina got to Ade after a tedious journey, he rested under the ackee apple tree (Igi Isin), for the relieve which the tree gave him, he named the area "Isin".

Moreover, there is a version that says Isin meant 'escort'. It holds, that it was named because the founders of all Isin villages came together.

Others states that the area was called Isin after Esinkin Onigbonigbo a great warrior of Isanlu. He conquered many villages for Isanlu. In gratitude for this, the Olusin named the whole area Isin after him.

Yet another source says that Isin was coined out from the cult, Agbasin. It is held that the area of influence of the god. Agbasin, was named Isin, because the god's original name was Agba-Isin.

A last source says that it was because Aina found rest in the area, which occasioned his naming the area as 'Isin'. To clarify this, the source said that Aina the founder of isanlu, had troubles right from his original home in Ile-Ife. It is said that he left Ife to find peace, but met several attack on the way by the Nupes, Ibadan, Oyo and the Fulanis.  When finally he got to Odo-Owa, he found that he had escaped all attacks and finally named Odo-Owa and all his acquired land around, Ile-Isimi (the land of rest). Subsequently, others who also were escaping Nupe's onslaught came to join him at Ile-Isimi, which was later corrupted to Isin.

Among these versions, the one which seam probable is that which states that Isin was coined from the word "Ile-Isinmi" (land of rest) because Aina did experience unrest before he finally got to Igbole at Odo-Owa.

References

Local Government Areas in Kwara State

Isin, Nigeria


Bernard "Bunny" Carr (31 July 1927 – 19 September 2018) was an Irish television presenter.  He presented shows such as Quicksilver, Teen Talk and Going Strong on RTÉ. He later set up his own communications and public relations company.

Early life
Bernard Carr was born and raised in Clontarf, Dublin. His father, James Carr, was a civil servant who had served in the British Army in India.  Bunny later recalled that his father hated his job and unfortunately died before he could retire. Bunny vowed never to be in the same position himself.

The Carr family lived in Clontarf and he attended O'Connell School where he was taught through the medium of Irish. One of the nuns at school gave him his nickname of "Bunny" on account of the size of his ears. Carr grew up with a love of amateur dramatics.

Career
After leaving school he became a bank clerk for the Bank of Ireland and was eventually posted to Ballinasloe "because he spoke Irish". Once he had returned to Dublin, he realised that wanted to change track and successfully auditioned for RTÉ just before it launched in 1962. He later recounted that he had no strong desire to work in television but knew that he "just didn't want to work in the bank".

On RTÉ, he hosted such shows as Quicksilver and Going Strong. In 1964, he won a Jacob's Award for his television series, Teen Talk. He devised and presented the political interview programme The Politicians.

In 1973, Carr founded Carr Communications a public relations and communications training company, the first of its kind in Ireland.

The company grew to become one of the largest public relations and executive coaching firms in the country - it trained six of Ireland's Taoisigh (prime ministers). Carr also worked with the Catholic Communications Centre to train priests and nuns on how to make media appearances.  Carr was involved with the Gorta organisation in the early 1980s as a  public supporter and fundraiser, and rumours circulated that he had absconded with funds. He left RTÉ in the mid 1980s to concentrate on his business and retired in 2004.

Personal life and death
Carr was married to Joan, who he noticed whilst she was climbing onto the roof of the pavilion to retrieve a ball at Sutton Tennis club. They had one son, Alan and two daughters, Carolyn and Philomena.  She contracted polio during her pregnancy with Philomena, after having cleaned down Alan who fell into a former cess pit in the back garden.  She was confined to an iron lung for the remaining seven months of the pregnancy and afterwards had to use a wheelchair.  The couple lived in Sutton, Dublin, before Joan died in 2005, after which Bunny lived alone. He had 11 grandchildren.

In 1998 Carr suffered a heart attack and had cancer diagnosed by chance during the treatment. Carr was diagnosed with macular degeneration in 2011 and was registered blind.  He died on 19 September 2018, aged 91 in Howth Hill Nursing Home in Dublin. His family requested that donations in his memory be made to a charity supporting sufferers of Pitt–Hopkins syndrome.

References

External links
A discussion of Quicksilver

1927 births
2018 deaths
Irish game show hosts
Irish public relations people
Jacob's Award winners
RTÉ television presenters
Television personalities from Dublin (city)
Polio survivors
Eurovision commentators

Bunny Carr


United States v. Texas, 599 U.S. ___ (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to federal immigration law.

Background
Many of the Biden administration's immigration policies have been subject to protracted litigation. Shortly after taking office in January 2021, the administration directed the U.S. immigration agency, ICE, to stop all deportations except those that posed a threat to "national security, public safety, and border security". The act was widely expected to reduce the number of deportations by the agency. Texas filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas soon after, and Judge Drew B. Tipton issued a temporary restraining order. The state soon dismissed the lawsuit, but filed a new suit with Louisiana in April 2021 after the administration issued modified interim guidance in February. Judge Tipton then issued a preliminary injunction in August 2021. The government appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which stayed the injunction in part in September. In November, the 5th Circuit, sitting en banc, vacated the panel opinion. That appeal became moot as the administration had issued a final guidance document in September.

The court held a bench trial in February 2022 about the legality of the final guidance. On June 10, 2022, the court held the final guidance violated the Administrative Procedure Act, and vacated it. On July 6, 2022, a panel of the Fifth Circuit denied a stay pending appeal, holding the Supreme Court's intervening decision in Garland v. Gonzalez did not deprive the district court of jurisdiction over the suit.

Arizona, Montana, and Ohio separately challenged the permanent guidance in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio. On March 22, 2022, Judge Michael J. Newman issued a preliminary injunction against the guidance, which the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit stayed on April 12, 2022, and reversed on July 5, 2022.

Supreme Court

After the 5th Circuit denied a stay pending appeal, the federal government sought a stay from the Supreme Court on July 8, 2022. On July 21, 2022, the court denied the application for stay in a 5–4 vote, but granted certiorari before judgment and set the case for argument in the December sitting. Oral arguments were held on November 29, 2022. On June 23, 2023, the Supreme Court reversed the district court in an 8–1 decision.

References

External links

2023 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
United States immigration and naturalization case law
United States standing case law

United States v. Texas (2023)


Greenwater Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located on the eastern side of the province in the Porcupine Hills on Highway 38. The closest town, Porcupine Plain, is about  to the north-east of the park visitor centre. Founded on 19 February 1932, Greenwater is one of the oldest provincial parks in Saskatchewan. The original six parks were established in 1931 and Greenwater Provincial Park was added one year later. In 1964, the park was expanded to its current size.

The park is centred around two lakes, Greenwater and Marean, in the Porcupine Provincial Forest. The west side of Marean Lake is not within the park but there is a resort there called Marean Lake Valley Resort. The park is also an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada (Greenwater Lake Provincial Park (SK 071)).

Attractions and amenities
Greenwater Provincial Park is considered an all-season destination as it offers a wide variety of amenities and attraction for both the summer and winter seasons.

Some of the amenities include a marina that offers rentals and moorage, a volleyball net, laundry, hiking, picnicking, a tennis court, a horseshoe area, an 18-hole golf course, mini-golf, a fish cleaning station, a baseball diamond, children's playgrounds, camping, cabin rentals, and a beach. There is also a hall available for events and a store with groceries, clothing, souvenirs, and an arcade.

There are about  of trails throughout the park. In the summer months, they're great for hiking, walking, and bird watching. In the winter months, the trails are groomed for cross-country skiing and snowmobiling. The winter also features ice skating and tobogganing.

Restaurants in the park include the Greenwater Beach Cafe and an indoor restaurant called Greenwater Fisherman's Cove.

Fuels such as diesel, gasoline, propane, marine fuel, and firewood are available in the park.

Camping and cabins
Greenwater Provincial Park has over 300 individual campsites divided into five campgrounds, including Aspen Grove, Poplar Ridge, Hilltop, Cranberry, and Lakeshore Campgrounds. As the name suggests, Lakeshore Campground is right on Greenwater Lake. Hilltop is the largest with 87 sites and Aspen is the smallest with 12. The campgrounds all have access to fire pits, picnic tables, potable water, waste disposal, showers, and flush toilets.

The park also has 28 cabins for rent, 18 of which are winterised.

Green Hills Golf Resort
Green Hills Golf Resort is an 18-hole golf course in Greenwater Lake Provincial Park. It is a championship par 72 course with a total length of 6,717 yards. It features silica sand traps, water hazards in play, and manicured fairways with hilltop views. Rating from blue tees 72.9, slope 128.

Greenwater Lake Marina
On the south shore of the lake is Greenwater Lake Marina. The marina offers moorage and marine gas as well as pontoon boat, fishing boat, canoe, kayak, and paddle boat rentals. At the store at the marina, there's fishing gear, such as rods and nets for sale or rent as well as various bait, including leeches, nightcrawlers, and frozen minnows. Safety equipment, such as life jackets, is available as well.

Summer and winter trails
During the spring, summer, and autumn, the  of trails are open for hiking and exploring. There are two interpretive trails, Marean Lake Birding and Highbush, that are ideal for birdwatching as the park is home to more than 200 bird species, some of which include the trumpeter swan, bald eagle, common yellowthroat, yellow-bellied sapsucker, osprey, and the red-breasted merganser. Both trails include look out points, including a 5.5-metre high lookout tower on Marean Lake, rest areas, and interpretive signs.

In the winter,  of trails are groomed for cross-country skiing and  for snowmobiling. There are several warm-up shelters along the trails.

Sask Aquatic Adventures
At the beach, Sask Aquatic Adventures has a water adventure park set up. It is one of several in Saskatchewan.

Flora and fauna
The park is situated in the Porcupine Provincial Forest in east central Saskatchewan. The landscape is made up of rolling hills dotted with small lakes and covered with spruce, balsam poplar, and aspen trees. It is home to over 200 species of birds and a variety of wildlife including foxes, otters, coyotes, moose, black bears, and elk. Fish such as northern pike, walleye, and yellow perch inhabit the lakes.

See also
List of protected areas of Saskatchewan
Tourism in Saskatchewan

References

Provincial parks of Saskatchewan
Division No. 14, Saskatchewan
Important Bird Areas of Saskatchewan

Greenwater Lake Provincial Park


Digital audio is sound which has been turned into a computer file. Digital audio files can be played on MP3 players, computers, smartphones, and more. Digital audio may be uncompressed, such as CDs, losslessly compressed, such as FLAC files, or lossily compressed, such as MP3 files. Audio is converted to digital format using a device called an analog to digital converter (ADC). The ADC takes samples of the amplitude of the signal at a specific sample rate (for example, 44100 times per second). These samples are binary numbers. When converting back to analog, a device called a digital to analog converter (DAC) recreates the original analog signal that matches the given samples.

Sound
Electronics

Digital audio


The Colorado state tartan is the Scottish-style tartan pattern officially adopted by the US State of Colorado to represent the state in various functions and occasions.

Official state tartan
The Colorado General Assembly adopted House Joint Resolution 97-1016 on March 3, 1997, designating an official Colorado state tartan. The tartan is a pattern and colors that symbolize Colorado's splendor and history. The pattern or sett consists of primary blocks of forest green and cerulean blue separated by broad dividing bands of black, with the forest green checks containing two pairs of tram tracks consisting of lavender and white and with the cerulean blue checks containing a gold stripe with red guard lines. The official state tartan is a district tartan, which may be worn by anyone.

The Colorado state tartan thread count as recorded by the Scottish Tartans Authority (and thus also by the Scottish Register of Tartans which subsumed the STA records):

Colorado House Joint Resolution 96-1014 designated July 1 as Tartan Day in the State of Colorado.

See also
 List of Colorado state symbols
 List of U.S. state tartans
 State of Colorado
 Tartan

References

External links
 Colorado State Tartan
 History of National Tartan Day

1997 introductions
Symbols of Colorado
United States state tartans

Colorado state tartan