Nine News (stylised 9News) is the national news service of the Nine Network in Australia. Its flagship program is the hour-long 6:00 pm state bulletin, produced by Nine's owned-and-operated stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin. National bulletins also air on weekday mornings, weekend afternoons and most nights of the week after 10:30pm. In addition, a supplementary regional news program for the Gold Coast in Queensland airs each weeknight as well as regional bulletins for Northern NSW and the Gold Coast under the name of NBN News air seven nights a week.

Up until the mid-2000s, Nine News was generally the highest-rating news service in Australia, but in 2005 it was overtaken by the rival Seven News before it regained the lead on a national basis in 2013. The network's Director of News and Current Affairs is Darren Wick.

National bulletins

Nine News: Early Edition
Nine News: Early Edition is a half-hour bulletin airing at 5:00am on weekdays, presented from TCN studios in North Sydney by Alex Cullen.

The bulletin was originally pre-recorded and was presented as the "AM Edition" of the Qantas Inflight News, a daily news bulletin for passengers of Qantas airways. Early morning bulletins were introduced in the early 1990s as Daybreak and, later, National Nine Early News until 2003 when Today was extended to begin at 6am. The Early News resumed for a brief time at 6am in February 2005 and was presented by Sharyn Ghidella and Chris Smith before again being cancelled in July the same year. Amber Sherlock, Alicia Loxley, Belinda Russell, Julie Snook and Lara Vella have previously presented the bulletin. In mid-2014, Julie Snook replaced Belinda Russell to present. After two years in the role, Julie Snook was promoted to the sports department and Lara Vella replaced her.

In October 2014, a new era of the bulletin launched with its contract ending with Qantas. The bulletin was renamed Nine News: Early Edition with a dedicated 9news.com.au news feed on the right of screen, finance and weather flipper at the bottom, a look-ahead to Today and the presenter taking up less than three-quarters of the screen. There was a look at the newspaper front pages which showed the front pages of the Sydney and Melbourne papers The Australian, The Courier Mail and The Advertiser. There was even a live cross in which the bulletin prior to October was pre-recorded.

Nine Morning News
Nine Morning News airs at 11:30am on weekdays, presented from TCN studios in North Sydney by Mark Burrows on Monday and Davina Smith on Tuesday – Friday. Lizzie Pearl and Mark Burrows are the main fill in presenters with Jayne Azzopardi, Sophie Walsh and Kate Creedon also filling in from time to time.

The morning bulletin, originally known as National Nine Morning News, has been broadcast since 1981 and was originally presented by Eric Walters. The bulletin was extended from thirty minutes to a full hour on Monday 4 May 2009. From 2004 to October 2008 the bulletin was known as the Morning Edition, and until May 2009, was branded the AM Edition.

Local editions were previously produced for the Perth and Queensland markets – in March 2014, a local Perth edition was launched, accompanying the launch of Today Perth, but it was axed later that year. Between 2014 and 2017, a local edition was provided for the Queensland market, replacing the national bulletin in full. The local edition provided up to date news for the state, especially during daylight saving time on the South East Coast. This edition was axed in October 2017.

Nine News: First at Five

Nine News: First at Five airs at 5pm on Saturday and Sunday, presented from GTV studios in Docklands by Alicia Loxley and sport is presented by Alicia Muling (Saturday) and Clint Stanaway (Sunday).

The bulletin was launched in January 2011 in response to Network Ten's decision to move its weekend evening bulletin to 6pm - the network reintroduced a 5pm news two months later. Nine News: First at Five does not air in Sydney and Brisbane on Sunday during the NRL season or when live sport is airing nationally in its time slot. The bulletin was originally presented from Sydney by Georgie Gardner (Saturday) and Peter Overton (Sunday) and Ken Sutcliffe, before production was moved to Melbourne in 2015.

Nine News Late
Nine News Late airs directly following 60 Minutes at or around 9:45 pm on Sunday and around 10:00 pm on Monday – Thursday, presented by Peter Overton from TCN studios in North Sydney (Sunday), Michael Genovese (Monday) and Tracy Vo (Tuesday-Wednesday) from STW studios in Perth, and Jane Goldsmith from NBN studios in Newcastle (Thursday), with weather presenter Scherri-Lee Biggs from STW studios in Perth (Sunday – Thursday). The bulletin was originally presented from former TCN studios in Willoughby by Peter Overton (Sunday – Thursday) and Georgie Gardner (Friday and Saturday), but weeknight production moved to Perth in May 2020.

The bulletin has been presented from all five of Nine's metro newsrooms with Tracy Vo, Natalia Cooper (Perth), Georgie Gardner, Davina Smith, Amber Sherlock, Mark Burrows (Sydney) and Melissa Downes (Brisbane) some of the fill-in presenters for the bulletin.

Previously, the Nine Network had produced a late night news bulletin named Nightline, which was presented by various presenters, between 1992–2008 and again between 2009–2010. The bulletin was axed for a first time in 2008 due to budget cuts, before it was revived in 2009 and then axed again in 2010 due to declining ratings and commitments with televising live rugby league in the northern states, and Wimbledon in the southern states.

Nine News Updates
Short localised updates are presented during the afternoons by various state-based reporters or presenters.

National evening updates are presented on weeknights from Sydney. National late updates on weekends are presented from Perth, although these had previously been presented from Melbourne.

Online presence
Nine News''' website is named 9news.com.au. According to third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb, it is the 76th and 158th most visited website in Australia respectively, as of August 2015. SimilarWeb rates the site as the 5th most visited news website in Australia, as of April 2023.

 9News Lunch Podcast 9News Lunch Podcast is a podcast which provides listeners with the latest developments in local, national and international news. The 10-minute national news bulletin is presented by Nine Radio journalists Amie Meehan and Natalie Peters – working with the newsrooms of 2GB, 3AW, 4BC and 6PR – and utilises the resources of 9News' team of journalists.

 9NewsWatch 9NewsWatch is an online bulletin streamed on Facebook at 8pm on weeknights, presented by Julie Snook. The bulletin premiered in August 2019 when the Nine Network announced its partnership with Facebook. Previously this bulletin was presented by Sylvia Jeffreys.

Ninemsn newsroomNinemsn newsroom was an online bulletin streamed at 12:30pm on weekdays, presented from Sydney. The bulletin was also available to be downloaded as a vodcast from the Ninemsn newsroom website. The bulletin was cancelled and replaced in 2013 with Nine News Now which airs on the network from 3.00pm.

Live streaming
In June 2008, live streaming of the 6pm bulletins in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane was introduced to the Nine News website. These bulletins can be viewed nationwide, regardless of the home market of the viewer. Nine Morning News and Nine Afternoon News (and later Nine News Now) are also streamed live online. As of 2014, Adelaide and Perth 6pm bulletins can also be viewed online. The ability to view live press conferences, and live feeds from various Nine News helicopters from around the country during a breaking or developing story was also added to the Nine News website.

Nine NewsbreakNine Newsbreak is an iPhone and iPad app that was launched in 2011. The app is constantly updated with videos from Nine's newsrooms around the country and overseas along with specially produced 60-second video reports and full video packages taken from Nine News bulletins. There is also a user generated functionality, enabling consumers to take a photo or video and send it via the app, direct to Nine's newsrooms. In 2013, Nine Newsbreak was merged into the Nine Network's 9Now app.

Capital-based bulletins

Afternoon news

National bulletin
Nine's national afternoon news bulletin was launched in 2004 as Afternoon Edition in response to the launch of a 4:30 pm bulletin on Seven the year before, brought about by extended coverage of the invasion of Iraq. On 29 June 2009, the bulletin was replaced by an hour long news magazine program, This Afternoon, which was axed after 12 programs due to poor ratings. The half-hour bulletin returned on 15 July 2009 and was extended to 60 minutes in November 2010 as Nine Afternoon News.

Past presenters of the national bulletin include Georgie Gardner (2004), Mike Munro (2005–2006), Kellie Sloane (2006–2008), Leila McKinnon (2008), Wendy Kingston (2008–2009), Alicia Loxley (2011), Mark Ferguson (2009), Wendy Kingston (2009–2012), Amelia Adams (2012–2014) and Davina Smith (2014–2016).

A separate edition for Western Australia was introduced on 14 March 2012 and is simulcast on WIN Television in regional WA. Regional news coverage is incorporated into the bulletin following WIN's decision to end separate WIN News bulletins for regional Western Australia. The local bulletin was axed in July 2013 but latterly reintroduced as a thirty-minute addition to the national bulletin on Monday 7 October 2013.

Thirty minute additions to the national bulletin were introduced in both Queensland and Adelaide in 2014.

Local bulletins
In 2017, following the extension of Millionaire Hot Seat to 60 minutes, the Western Australian, South Australian and Queensland bulletins were reformatted to statewide, hour-long 4:00 pm bulletins under the brand Nine Live to replace the national bulletin in full. On 1 May 2017, Victoria received its own local hour-long bulletin while the former national bulletin was reformatted to serve New South Wales. Both Victoria and New South Wales retained the Nine Afternoon News brand.

The afternoon news bulletins currently air at 4pm on weekdays in three separate local editions; local news block starts at 5pm in Adelaide and Perth.

 Nine Afternoon News Sydney is presented from TCN studios in North Sydney by Mark Burrows (Monday) and Davina Smith (Tuesday – Friday) and weather presenters Amber Sherlock (Monday – Thursday) and Belinda Russell (Friday). The bulletin is simulcast across New South Wales and the ACT through Nine O&O NBN in Northern NSW and Nine affiliate WIN Television in Southern New South Wales, the ACT, and Griffith. Fill-in presenters includes Mark Burrows and Lizzie Pearl.
 Nine Afternoon News Melbourne is presented from GTV studios in Docklands by Alicia Loxley (Monday and Tuesday) and Dougal Beatty (Wednesday – Friday) with sport presenter Clint Stanaway and weather presenters Livinia Nixon (Monday – Thursday) and Madeline Spark (Friday). The bulletin is simulcast across regional Victoria, Tasmania and Mildura through Nine affiliate WIN Television. Fill-in presenters include Chris Kohler, Stephanie Anderson and Christine Ahern (news) and Alicia Muling (sport).
 Nine Afternoon News Queensland  is presented from QTQ studios in Mount Coot-tha by Wendy Kingston (Monday – Tuesday) and Alison Ariotti (Wednesday – Friday) with sport presenters Jonathan Uptin and weather presenters Garry Youngberry (Monday – Thursday) and Luke Bradnam (Friday). The bulletin is simulcast across regional Queensland and the Gold Coast through Nine O&Os NBN, NTD in Darwin and Nine affiliates WIN Television and remote eastern and central Australia on Imparja Television. Fill-in presenters includes Alison Ariotti.
 Nine News at Five: Adelaide is presented from NWS studios in Adelaide by Will McDonald (Monday – Wednesday) and Alice Monfries (Thursday and Friday), sport presenter Tom Rehn, and weather presenter Jessica Braithwaite. The bulletin is simulcast across South Australia through affiliates WIN SA and Southern Cross Nine GDS/BDN.
 9News WA First: Perth is presented from STW studios in Perth by Monika Kos with sport presenters Matthew Pavlich (Monday – Thursday) and Paddy Sweeney (Friday) and weather presenters Scherri-Lee Biggs (Monday – Thursday) and Elizabeth Creasy (Friday). Creasy is also the main weather fill-in. The bulletin is simulcast across Western Australia through affiliate WIN Television. The Pulse is a daily segment which takes a light hearted look at the days news from the points of view of local personalities.

Nightly news

Sydney (Southern New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory)Nine News Sydney is presented from the TCN studios in North Sydney by Peter Overton (Sunday – Thursday) and Georgie Gardner (Friday and Saturday) with sport presenters James Bracey (Sunday – Thursday) and Roz Kelly (Friday and Saturday) and weather presenters Amber Sherlock (Sunday – Thursday) and Belinda Russell (Friday and Saturday).

Between 2008–2020, the evening bulletin was simulcast on local radio station Hope 103.2, until Hope Media launched their news service.

The Sydney bulletin was presented by Brian Henderson for 38 years – a record that still stands today. Henderson retired in November 2002, with then Sunday and weekend presenter Jim Waley taking over as weeknight anchor. Despite winning the 2003 and 2004 ratings seasons (the former by a margin of over 100,000 viewers), Waley was replaced three years later by weekend presenter Mark Ferguson, after which National Nine News started to lose its long-time ratings lead in Sydney to the rival Seven News, winning just one (out of 40) ratings week in 2005 (a huge, negative turnaround from winning all 40 ratings weeks in 2003).

Peter Overton became Nine's Sydney anchor in January 2009, with Ferguson returning to his former weekend role (replacing Michael Usher and his predecessor Mike Munro).

In 2011, Nine News overtook Seven News in Sydney in the ratings for the first time in seven years, winning 26 weeks to Seven's 14 weeks.

In December 2016, long-time sports presenter Ken Sutcliffe retired after 34 years of presenting the sport; he was replaced by Cameron Williams.

In December 2017, Deborah Knight was appointed as presenter of Nine News Sydney on Friday and Saturday nights replacing Georgie Gardner who replaced Lisa Wilkinson on Today.

In January 2019, Knight was appointed co-host of Today and continued to present Nine News Sydney until December.

In January 2020, Georgie Gardner returned to presenting the Nine News Sydney bulletin on the weekends, replacing Knight who went onto to hosting the afternoon show on 2GB.

In December 2021, weekend sports presenter Erin Molan resigned from the network after 11 years. James Bracey was later announced as her replacement.

In March 2022, Cameron Williams resigned after 16 years at the Nine Network for personal reasons. James Bracey replaced Williams with Roz Kelly replacing Bracey as weekend sports presenter.

Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Mark Burrows and Jayne Azzopardi (news), Emma Lawrence and Danika Mason (sport) and Airlie Walsh and Kate Creedon (weather).

Melbourne (Victoria statewide)Nine News Melbourne is presented from the GTV studios in Docklands by Peter Hitchener (Monday – Thursday) and Alicia Loxley (Friday – Sunday) with sport presenters Tony Jones (weeknights), Alicia Muling (Saturday) and Clint Stanaway (Sunday) and weather presenters Livinia Nixon (Monday – Thursday) and Madeline Spark (Friday –  Sunday).

The late Brian Naylor presented National Nine News Melbourne for 20 years from 1978 following his resignation from HSV-7 to 1998. Following his retirement, he was succeeded by Peter Hitchener as weeknight presenter, while Jo Hall took over from Hitchener as weekend presenter. Hall scaled back her work with Nine to news updates and fill-in duties in November 2011, with Weekend Today newsreader Alicia Loxley taking over as weekend presenter. Rob Gell formerly presented the weather until 2003, when he was replaced by Nixon; Gell subsequently defected to the rival Seven News Melbourne bulletin presenting the weather on weekends.

For many decades, Nine News Melbourne was the most dominant local news service, often drawing a peak audience of more than 400,000 viewers. However, in the mid-2000s, the bulletin started to lose ground to the rival Seven News Melbourne, winning only 24 (out of 40) weeks in 2006 and then narrowly losing in 2007 when it won 19 weeks (to Seven's 20 weeks, with the other week tied). Even during the years when Nine News struggled nationally, the Melbourne bulletin remained competitive, being the only metropolitan bulletin to win any weeks against Seven News in 2008 and 2009.

In March 2011, the GTV studios moved their base from Bendigo Street, Richmond, to a new building in Bourke Street, Docklands.

In December 2021, it was announced that Peter Hitchener will scale back to 4 days a week from January 2022 presenting from Monday to Thursday with Alicia Loxley presenting on Friday.

Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Alicia Loxley, Dougal Beatty and Stephanie Anderson (news), Clint Stanaway, Alicia Muling, Joshua Dawe and Braden Ingram (sport), Stephanie Anderson, Justine Conway and Madeline Spark (weather).

Brisbane (Queensland statewide)Nine News Queensland is presented from the QTQ studios in Mount Coot-tha by Andrew Lofthouse and Melissa Downes (weeknights) and Mia Glover (weekends) with sport presenters Jonathan Uptin (weeknights) and Dominique Loudon (weekends) and weather presenters Garry Youngberry (Sunday – Thursday) and Luke Bradnam (Friday and Saturday).

The 6pm bulletin is simulcast in Brisbane on commercial radio station River 94.9 and throughout remote eastern and central Australia on Imparja Television.

Bruce Paige and Heather Foord co-anchored the 6pm bulletin from 1995 until 2001, when Foord joined Mike London as a weekend anchor and Jillian Whiting replaced her on weeknights. London resigned in June 2003 after allegations emerged that he had organised a female friend to complain about the presentation of weeknight anchor Bruce Paige.

Foord resigned as weeknight anchor on 5 December 2008 and was replaced by Melissa Downes on weeknights with Eva Milic and former ABC newsreader Andrew Lofthouse fronting weekend bulletins. A year later, Bruce Paige retired from the weeknight chair (he was replaced by Lofthouse) and Heather Foord returned to present weekend bulletins solo for two years.

In February 2018, in a minor network reshuffle, weekend presenters Darren Curtis and Alison Ariotti were removed from presenting the weekend news; they were replaced by then-Nine News Regional Queensland presenter Jonathan Uptin

Despite these position changes over the past three decades, Nine News Queensland continues to retain a long-standing ratings lead ahead of 10 News First Queensland and Seven News Brisbane.

Paige returned to full-time news reading in January 2012, fronting Nine Gold Coast News solo until he was paired with Wendy Kingston in July 2016.

As of September 2017, the Brisbane weekend bulletins are simulcast in the Darwin area on weekends.

In January 2023, long-serving sports presenter Wally Lewis resigned from the role, citing health concerns. He was replaced by Jonathan Uptin. Mia Glover replaced Uptin as weekend news presenter.

AdelaideNine News Adelaide is presented from the NWS studios in Adelaide by Kate Collins and Brenton Ragless (weeknights) and Will McDonald (weekends) with sport presenters Tom Rehn (weeknights) and Corey Norris (weekends) and weather presenters Jessica Braithwaite (weeknights) and Chelsea Carey (weekends).

The weeknight bulletins are simulcast on local radio station 107.9 Life FM and nightly across the Riverland and South West regions of South Australia on WIN Television SDS/RDS and is shown in the Spencer Gulf and Broken Hill in New South Wales on Southern Cross Nine GDS/BDN.

Rob Kelvin and Kevin Crease presented the Adelaide edition of National Nine News from 1988 until 2007, making them one of the longest serving news presenting teams in Australia, until Crease died of cancer in 2007. Caroline Ainslie previously presented the news with Kelvin until 1987. Georgina McGuinness was the weekend presenter between 1989 and 2011, during which her bulletins consistently rated higher than the rival Seven News Adelaide in its timeslot.

In 2015, Nine News Adelaide started to achieve regular nightly victories over the rival Seven News Adelaide.

In May 2018, long-standing news director Tony Agars was removed after fifteen years in the role.

Throughout the 1990s, Deanna Williams was the main fill-in presenter and state political reporter. Following Kevin Crease's death in 2007, Kelvin was partnered with Kelly Nestor, whose contract was terminated two years later. Kelvin retired on New Year's Eve 2010, but was brought out of retirement in 2014 as the presenter of the local afternoon news bulletin.

PerthNine News Perth is presented from the STW studios in Perth by Michael Thomson (weeknights) and Tracy Vo (weekends) with sport presenters Matthew Pavlich (Monday – Thursday) and Paddy Sweeney (Friday – Sunday) and weather presenters Scherri-Lee Biggs (Sunday – Thursday) and Elizabeth Creasy (Friday and Saturday).

The 6pm bulletin is simulcast each weekday on local radio station Sunshine 98.5FM and nightly across regional Western Australia on WIN Television. Fill-in presenters include Tracy Vo, Jerrie Demasi and Elizabeth Creasy.

Dixie Marshall presented the weeknight bulletin between 2002 and May 2011, alongside Sonia Vinci as Australia's first duo female news presenting team for five years until early 2008, when Vinci was replaced by Greg Pearce. Natalia Cooper was a weather presenter for Nine News Perth until her resignation in June 2008.

In December 2019, it was announced that Nine Live Perth presenter Tracy Vo will move to Sydney to host Today as a news presenter. Louise Momber will appear on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Jerrie Demasi will appear on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday presenting Nine Live Perth.

In March 2020, Vo returned to Perth due to the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to present the weekend bulletins, replacing Louise Momber.

Local Weekend bulletins Nine News Perth Saturday and Nine News Perth Sunday air at 6pm. Sharlyn Sarac and Matt Tinney previously presented weekend bulletins until Sarac resigned in 2010. Tinney left a year later to present WIN News in regional Western Australia, now Tinney presents on TVW on Seven News Perth Sunrise cut-ins.

 Darwin Nine News Darwin is a regional news service for Darwin, Palmerston and the surrounding areas, presented by Paul Murphy. Launched in 1982 as Eight News at Seven, the bulletin airs at 6:00pm weeknights on Nine's owned-and-operated station, NTD. Whilst the news reports are filed by reporters from the NTD newsroom in Darwin, it is presented live from the QTQ studios in Brisbane; this was as a result of the relocation of studio presentation in September 2017, after the bulletin was folded into its regional Queensland operations. Weekend bulletins are a delayed broadcast of Nine News Queensland, with no local opt-outs. The weeknight bulletin is also simulcast on local Darwin radio station 104.1 Territory FM and on Imparja 9Gem in areas outside of NTD's broadcasting area.

Following the rollout of the regional composite bulletins as part of the affiliation relationship between Nine and Southern Cross Austereo in 2016, local studio production of the Darwin bulletin ceased on 8 September 2017, with the bulletin folded into the Brisbane-based regional Queensland operations. Darwin henceforth received a delayed broadcast of the Brisbane bulletin on weekends. Jonathan Uptin joined the regional Queensland bulletins, co-presenting alongside Samantha Heathwood upon the transfer. Between 11 September 2017 and 16 March 2020, Nine News Darwin was recorded and presented as a composite bulletin with regional Queensland, with opt-outs for local news, sport and weather.

In February 2018, Uptin ceased co-presenting the regional Queensland and Darwin bulletins and was moved to presenting the weekend news on the metropolitan Brisbane bulletin. In addition he also became the weekday sports editor for the bulletin. Paul Taylor replaced Uptin as co-presenter alongside Heathwood while Paul Murphy was appointed to replace Taylor as sports presenter.Nine News Darwin was suspended, along with other regional composite bulletins, on 17 March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 5 October 2020, the bulletin relaunched as a live, standalone bulletin from the QTQ studios.

Previous presenters of the bulletin have included Jonathan Uptin, Tim Arvier and Charles Croucher. Uptin and Arvier are now both on Nine News Queensland as the weeknight sports presenter and state political/investigative reporter, respectively, while Croucher is now Chief Political Editor.

Nine is the only commercial network, and one of two networks to produce a local news bulletin for Darwin; the other broadcaster being the ABC.

 Regional bulletins
 Gold Coast Nine Gold Coast News is a regional news service for the Gold Coast, presented by Eva Milic and Paul Taylor with sport presenter Erin Buchan and weather presenter Luke Bradnam, also additionally presents boating and fishing-related news. Launched in 1996, the bulletin airs at 5:30pm on weeknights on QTQ's Gold Coast transmitters, before the 6pm Brisbane edition of Nine News. Produced from the network's studios at Surfers Paradise, the Gold Coast bulletin is also simulcast on local Gold Coast radio station Juice107.3. Tracey Atkins is the main fill-in news presenter, with Luke Bradnam the main fill-in weather presenter.

Previous presenters of the bulletin have included Bruce Paige, Karl Stefanovic, Natalie Gruzlewski, Rob Readings, Jillian Whiting, Carly Waters, Frank Warrick, Melissa Downes and Wendy Kingston. Paul Burt presented the weather until he joined Seven News Brisbane in 2013.

Until the launch of the rival Seven News Gold Coast service in July 2016, Nine was the only metropolitan network to produce a local bulletin for the Gold Coast. The Nine bulletin retained its ratings lead until July 2019, when the Seven bulletin officially became the number one news bulletin in the northern Gold Coast (the Gold Coast sub-region of the Brisbane market).

 NBN News NBN News is a regional news service for Northern NSW and Gold Coast that is part of Nine News, airing from 6:00pm to 7:00pm seven nights a week. The news service employs 60 staff and produces over 20,000 local news stories annually, combined with news reports from Nine News; with local stories in all of its sub-markets. It includes national, state and local news stories over its hour, along with local opt outs for sport and weather. NBN News is presented from the networks Newcastle studios by Natasha Beyersdorf and Gavin Morris (weeknights) and Jane Goldsmith (weekends) with sports presenter Mitchell Hughes (Sunday - Wednesday) and weather presenter Gavin Morris (weeknights). Fill in presenters include Jane Goldsmith and Tyson Cottrill (news) and Adam Murray (sport).

NBN News traces its origins back to 1962, when the bulletin was launched from its historic Mosbri Crescent studios as a half hour news bulletin originally presented by Murray Finlay, who was NBN's first newsreader. A decade later, the bulletin was expanded to one hour and Ray Dinneen joined Finlay at the newsdesk. Dinneen eventually went on to become the main anchor and was joined over the years by Tracey Reid, Chris Bath, Melinda Smith and finally Natasha Beyersdorf, before retiring on 17 December 2010 and was replaced by Paul Lobb. As an independent station, the bulletin had a distinct look to Nine News with its own studio, set, graphics and theme music. Following the merging of NBN into Nine, the bulletins on air presentation was refreshed to bring into line with the network.

In 2021, after nearly 60 years of production, the bulletin was moved out of NBN's long time studio home of 11 Mosbri Crescent, The Hill and relocated to 28 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle. Following the relocation, the networks master control was relocated to QTQ Queensland, utilising the same master control that was used for Nine's regional Queensland bulletin between 2017 and 2021. Since the master control shift to Brisbane, NBN News effectively integrated with Nine News' metropolitan and Darwin counterparts, which includes retiring 60 years of unique theme music commissions, in favour of a variation of Cool Hand Luke's Tar Sequence being used by the metropolitan Nine News bulletins.

On 13 December 2021, it was announced that longtime anchor Paul Lobb would be made redundant after a decade as weeknight news presenter and almost 30 years with the network. Lobb left immediately after the announcement. Gavin Morris replaced Lobb as weeknight news presenter and one of the networks main male personalities in addition to presenting weather.

On 20 January 2023, weekend sports presenter Kate Haberfield announced her departure from the network after 14 years. She finished her role on the same night. A replacement sports presenter is yet to be announced.

 Tasmania Nine News Tasmania is an upcoming regional news service for Tasmania. Announced at Nine's 2023 upfront presentations, the bulletin will air from 6:00pm to 7:00pm seven nights a week on TVT Tasmania, on-par with Nine's other flagship bulletins. The bulletin will be presented from a new studio in Hobart and will cover news from across the state with local bureaus located in Launceston and the North West Coast.Nine News Tasmania will replace the bulletin currently produced by WIN Television, owners of TVT Tasmania. WIN News Tasmania previously aired as a composite bulletin featuring local and network-supplied national and international news but was gradually scaled back to a half-hour weeknight local bulletins.

The bulletin was originally meant to launch in early 2023 but has been delayed indefinitely.

Reporters
Federal Politics
Nine's Federal Politics bureau is based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory under the direction of Bureau Chief Mark Jessop. The current reporters are;
 Charles Croucher (Political Editor)
 Andrew Probyn (National Affairs Editor)
 Fiona Willan
 Eliza Edwards
 Reece D'Alessandro
 Ashley Wick
Former political editors include: Chris Uhlmann (2017–2022), Laurie Oakes (1984–2017) and Peter Harvey (1973–1984)

US Bureau
 Alison Piotrowski
 Jonathan Kearsley
 Lauren Tomasi
Former reporters include; Robert Penfold, Karl Stefanovic, Michael Usher, Mark Burrows, Charles Croucher, Nick McCallum, Amelia Adams, Tim Arvier and Lizzie Pearl.

European Bureau
 Carrie-Anne Greenbank
 Brett McLeod
 Edward Godfrey
Former reporters include; Robert Penfold, Mark Burrows, Damian Ryan, Sophie Walsh, Amelia Adams and Tom Steinfort.

Other programs
Breakfast programs

TodayToday is a breakfast talk show, news, weather and infotainment format broadcast weekdays from 5:30am to 9am, live from TCN studios in North Sydney and is presented by Karl Stefanovic and Sarah Abo, news and entertainment presenter Brooke Boney, sport presenter Alex Cullen and weather presenter Tim Davies.

 Today Extra

Today Extra is the network's morning talk show, hosted by David Campbell and Sylvia Jeffreys with news presenter Mark Burrows (Monday) and Davina Smith (Tuesday to Friday)  from TCN studios in North Sydney. The show airs between 9:00am and 11:30am weekdays and follows the Nine Network's breakfast news program Today, with both programs closely interlinked.

Weekend TodayWeekend Today is broadcast weekends from 7am to 10am from TCN studios in North Sydney and is presented by Clint Stanaway and Jayne Azzopardi, with news presented by Sophie Walsh, entertainment presenter Richard Wilkins and weather presenter Dan Anstey.

Current Affair programming
A Current AffairA Current Affair is presented from TCN studios in North Sydney by Allison Langdon (Monday - Thursday) and Deborah Knight (Friday & Saturday).

60 Minutes60 Minutes is a newsmagazine program presented by Liz Hayes, Tara Brown, Tom Steinfort and Amelia Adams.

Former programsNightline (1992–2008, 2009–2010)Nine News: Sunday AM (2008–2009)Sunday (1981–2008)This Afternoon (2009)Financial Review Sunday (2013–2014)

 Nine News Local (2017–2021)

As part of the affiliation relationship formed between Nine and Southern Cross Austereo in 2016, local news services were gradually rolled out on Southern Cross' regional Nine stations in 2017 in Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory, southern New South Wales and Victoria.

In August 2016, the director of Nine's news and current affairs division, Darren Wick announced that Queensland news director Mike Dalton had been appointed to head the new "Nine News Regional" division to initiate the regional news services. Up until the launch of the bulletins, the coverage areas received short updates throughout the day, produced from Southern Cross's in-house newsroom in Canberra.

The bulletins were produced and presented from Nine's studio facilities in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne. At launch, the bulletins were based on the format of NBN News in northern New South Wales (a station owned by Nine) as weekday composite bulletins combining international, national and state news with pre-recorded opt-outs for local news, sport and weather for each individual market. On weekends, these regions received a simulcast of their respective metropolitan-based bulletins.

On 17 March 2020, production on the composite bulletins were suspended indefinitely, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with reporters deployed to the metropolitan bulletins in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. On 29 July 2020, it was announced that the bulletins would return on 10 August with the region-specific composite bulletins replaced by half-hour statewide regional news; this new format was broadcast weekdays at 5:30pm as Nine News Local, leading into the metro-based bulletins at 6:00pm. It also announced that Natassia Soper would replace Vanessa O'Hanlon as presenter of the southern New South Wales and ACT bulletin, with Jo Hall and Samantha Heathwood returning to their respective regional bulletins.

Following the announcement that former affiliate WIN Television would be carrying Nine programming from July 2021, it was announced that the regional bulletins of Nine News Local (produced for affiliate SCA) would cease production at the end of June. The Queensland, southern NSW and Victorian editions of Nine News Local aired for the final time on Wednesday 30 June 2021, with WIN's own regional news bulletins effectively replaced Nine News Local on 1 July 2021.

 Southern New South Wales and ACT

The southern New South Wales and ACT bulletin was presented from the TCN studios in North Sydney (originally presented from TCN's studios in Willoughby until November 2020 when TCN relocated to North Sydney) by Natassia Soper with weather presenter Gavin Morris at the Mosbri Crescent studios in Newcastle. The bulletin was also broadcast to regional viewers on CTC.

Fill-in presenters for the bulletin included Davina Smith and Jane Goldsmith (news/sport) and Hannah McEwan (weather).

The southern New South Wales and ACT bulletins were launched weekly throughout February 2017, with the Canberra and ACT bulletin launching in the first week of the month, before rolling out to Wollongong and the Illawarra in the second week, followed by a Central West bulletin for Orange, Bathurst and Dubbo in the third week, and finishing with Wagga Wagga and the Riverina in the fourth week.

The southern New South Wales and ACT composite bulletins were presented by presenter Vanessa O'Hanlon (news), Mike Lorigan (sport) and Gavin Morris (weather) at the Mosbri Crescent studios in Newcastle.

 Regional Victoria
The regional Victorian bulletin was presented from the GTV studios in Docklands by Jo Hall with weather presenter Gavin Morris at the Mosbri Crescent studios in Newcastle. The bulletin was also broadcast to regional viewers on GLV/BCV.

Fill-in presenters for the bulletin included Brett McLeod and Dougal Beatty (news/sport) and Hannah McEwan (weather).

The regional Victorian composite bulletins launched weekly throughout March 2017, with the Ballarat and western Victoria bulletin launching in the first week on 6 March, Bendigo and central Victoria in the second week, a Border North East bulletin for Albury–Wodonga and Shepparton in the third week, and finishing with the Gippsland bulletin in the fourth week.

The regional Victorian composite bulletins were presented by Jo Hall with sport presenter Nathan Currie and weather presenter Sonia Marinelli.

Fill in presenters between March 2017 and March 2020 included Brett McLeod, Dougal Beatty, Andrew Lund, Carrie-Anne Greenbank, Eliza Rugg and Chris Kohler (news), Chris Mitchell, Clint Stanaway, Sophie Griffiths (sport), Alexandra Keefe, Hannah McEwan and Sophie Griffiths (weather)

 Regional Queensland
The regional Queensland bulletin was presented from the QTQ studios in Mount Coot-tha by Samantha Heathwood with weather presenter Gavin Morris at the Mosbri Crescent studios in Newcastle. The bulletin was also broadcast to regional viewers on TNQ.

The regional Queensland composite bulletins were launched throughout July and August 2017; they were originally presented solo by Samantha Heathwood, with sport presenter by Paul Taylor and weather presenter Nicole Rowles. The Cairns and Far North Queensland bulletin launched first on 10 July, followed by Townsville and North Queensland on 17 July, Mackay on 24 July, Rockhampton and Central Queensland on 31 July, Wide Bay on 7 August, Toowoomba and the Darling Downs on 14 August, and finishing with the Sunshine Coast bulletin on 21 August.

The composite bulletins for Mackay and Toowoomba/Darling Downs were axed on 15 February 2019; from 18 February, Toowoomba and the Darling Downs received the metropolitan Brisbane bulletin.

The regional Queensland composite bulletins between February 2018 and March 2020 were presented by Samantha Heathwood and Paul Taylor, with sport presenter Paul Murphy and weather presenter Nicole Rowles.

Nine News at 7Nine News at 7 was a short-lived bulletin that aired weeknights at 7:00 pm on Nine's high definition multi-channel GEM (now 9Gem). The bulletin launched in August 2013 and was initially presented by Peter Overton from Monday to Thursday and Georgie Gardner on Friday, Later the bulletin was presented by Sylvia Jeffreys. It was launched both in response to the Seven Network's similar bulletin Seven News at 7.00 and to provide additional coverage of the unfolding 2013 federal election. The bulletin was axed on 28 October 2013.

Nine News NowNine News Now was a news magazine program that aired at 3:00pm on weekdays and presented from the network's Sydney studios by Amber Sherlock (Monday – Thursday) and Belinda Russell (Friday).

The program mixed news coverage with entertainment news and topical discussions.

The bulletin went on hiatus in November 2019, with UK game show Tipping Point'' airing in its place. The bulletin did not return upon the commencement of the 2020 ratings season.

See also
, 2020

References

External links

Nine Network

Television news in Australia

Nine News


Ramanilayam (Malayalam:രാമ നിലയം) is a guest house owned by the Government of Kerala situated in the centre of Thrissur city of Kerala, India.

Description
The building was constructed during British Raj period. Before it was converted to a guest house, it was the residence for Political officers  of the United Kingdom. The guest house has 30 rooms in three blocks, and two VIP rooms. Politicians and bureaucrats get more priority in the allocation of rooms. The Government of Kerala is planning to add 40 more rooms by constructing one more block. The Kerala Tourism Department runs the facility. Being a government guest house, it has witnessed many major events in the political history of Kerala.

See also
Thrissur District

References

Tourism in Kerala
Buildings and structures in Thrissur

Ramanilayam


Thunder Pride is an annual LGBT pride parade and festival, staged in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Following the launch of a planning committee in 2010, the event was staged for the first time in 2011. For the first two years it consisted solely of a community festival, with a parade added to the event calendar for the first time in 2013. It was only the second pride festival ever launched in the Northern Ontario region, following Sudbury Pride in 1997.

The parade route follows Red River Road, from Waverley Park near Lakehead University's Bora Laskin Faculty of Law campus to Marina Park on the waterfront.

At the 2018 festival, organizers took special security precautions following the disruption of several small-town Pride events in Southern Ontario earlier in the year. No disruptions were reported in the end.

References

Festivals in Thunder Bay
Recurring events established in 2010
Pride parades in Canada
Organizations based in Thunder Bay
2010 establishments in Ontario
LGBT in Ontario

Thunder Pride


Grady Gammage (August 5, 1892 – December 22, 1959) was an Arizonan educator. He served as the president of Northern Arizona University from 1926 to 1933 and as the president of Arizona State University from 1933 to 1959. In 1958, he led Arizona State College's victorious Proposition 200 campaign in the state legislature for a name change to Arizona State University. Gammage Auditorium at ASU was named in his honor.

Biography
Born in Southwest Arkansas, Gammage supported himself through grade school after his mother's untimely death. He became a top debater in high school, and while a student attendee at court trials, Gammage caught the attention of a clerk who promoted him as a deputy.

In 1912, Gammage suffered a bout of tuberculosis that forced him to move west. Settling in Arizona, he found employment as a groundskeeper for the University of Arizona. He enrolled as a freshman there and served as a campaign manager for the Prohibition initiative. In 1916, he began his graduate studies and worked part-time for The Post. In 1918, Gammage shifted his studies from law to school administration and, in 1922, he completed a master's degree.

After graduation, Gammage accepted the position of superintendent at Winslow Public Schools. During the summer, he earned extra money teaching sessions at Northern Arizona State Teachers College in Flagstaff. In 1925, Gammage was appointed vice-president of the college and he became president the following year. During his tenure, Gammage raised the standards of achievement for students and faculty, improved campus morale, and developed a sound relationship between campus and community. In 1927, the college awarded him an honorary LL.D.

Gammage was a tireless promoter of the college and, in 1928, the school received official recognition as a Class A four-year teacher training institution and a new name — Arizona State Teacher's College at Flagstaff. In 1930, ASTC was the first school in the Southwest to be granted full accreditation. As economic conditions worsened during The Great Depression, Gammage made it possible for students suffering "hard times" to pay their expenses through barter; dairy cows and potatoes underwrote room and board.

In 1933, Gammage resigned the presidency at ASTC when he accepted the position of president of Arizona State Teachers College at Tempe (later Arizona State University), a post he held until his death in December 1959.

References

External links

 Biographical information from NAU
 Biographical information from ASU
 The Arizona State University Story
 Grady Gammage Memorial Auditorium

1892 births
1959 deaths
Presidents of Arizona State University
Northern Arizona University faculty
Arizona State University faculty
People from Flagstaff, Arizona
People from Phoenix, Arizona
People from Prescott, Arkansas
University of Arizona alumni
20th-century American academics

Grady Gammage


A compact (also powder box, powder case and flapjack) is a cosmetic product. It is usually a small round metal case and contains two or more of the following: a mirror, pressed or loose face powder with a gauze sifter and a powder puff.

History
Compacts date from the early 1900s, a time when make-up had not gained widespread social acceptance and the first powder cases were often concealed within accessories such as walking sticks, jewellery or hatpins.

From 1896, American handbag manufacturer Whiting & Davis created lidded compartments in its bags where powder rouge and combs could be stowed. In 1908, Sears' catalogue advertised a silver-plated case with mirror and powder puff (price 19 cents) and described it as small enough to fit in a handbag.

In the US, manufacturers such as Evans and Elgin American produced metal compacts with either finger chains or longer tango chains. Designed to be displayed rather than fitted in a handbag, they required more ornate designs and many from this era are examples of sleek Art Deco styling.

As make-up became more mainstream and women were increasingly active outside the home, compacts became more popular. British manufacturer Stratton began importing part-finished powder boxes from the US for assembly at its Birmingham plant in 1923 and by the 1930s it was creating them from scratch and producing half the compacts used by the UK cosmetics industry. The company developed self-opening inner lids in 1948, designed to protect the powder and prevent damage to fingernails, and by the 1960s it was exporting to agents worldwide.

Designs and variations
Compacts were heavily influenced by prevailing fashions – for instance, the 1922 discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb spawned Egypt-inspired obelisks, sphinxes and pyramids, while the growing popularity of the car meant compacts were incorporated into visors, steering wheels and gears. Jewellers such as Van Cleef & Arpels, Tiffany and Cartier began producing minaudières, metal evening bags/vanity cases carried on a metal or silk cord that contained a compact plus space for a few other small items, many were inlaid with jewels or personalised.

By the 1930s, compacts were regularly updated to match the season's fashion trends and gimmicks such as watches and even miniature windscreen wipers were included in designs. Later, compacts became popular souvenir items, both the Chicago and New York world's fairs of the 1930s included souvenir powder cases, and during  holidays.

Decline
Although compacts continued to be in widespread production up to the 1960s, their popularity diminished as the cosmetics industry created plastic containers that were designed to be discarded once the powder ran out. These began to be heavily advertised from the 1950s. Writing in Americana, Deirdre Clemente suggested that changing make-up trends, notably for natural rather than pale and powdered complexions from the late 1950s on, contributed to the declining popularity of the compact.

References

External links
British Compact Collectors' Society

Fashion accessories
Cosmetics
Mirrors
Domestic implements

Compact (cosmetics)


Ettenbostel was a village in the old district (Altkreis) of Fallingbostel located in the Heidmark in the north German state of Lower Saxony. The villagers were 'relocated' in 1935/36 because the German Wehrmacht wanted to create a huge military training area on the heathland and forest of the Heidmark. Today this has become the Bergen-Hohne Training Area and is the largest in Europe.

History
Ettenbostel was once called Ettingeborstelde and was first mentioned in the year 1218 in deed no. 9 of the abbey at Walsrode. Its old name is translated as "farmers of Etto", it was therefore a family settlement. In the Celle treasury register (Schatzregister Celle) five farms are recorded at this place.

The heath farmers and their wives ensured their survival by keeping hardy moorland sheep, known as Heidschnucken. Not until the hardpan could be broken, enabling the cultivation of arable land, did sheep farming decline.

The area around Ettenbostel is described in local lore as the "most beautiful ancient heathland" in the old district of Fallingbostel. At the time of the resettlement there were 173 inhabitants living in Ettenbostel and the neighbouring village of Benhorn.

Sources
 Hinrich Baumann: Die Heidmark - Wandel einer Landschaft. Geschichte des Truppenübungsplatzes. Bergen 2006
 Hans Stuhlmacher: Die Heidmark. Schneeheide 1939

Heidmark
Abandoned villages in Lower Saxony

Ettenbostel


Harry Baird (17 August 1913 – 22 May 1973) was a Northern Irish footballer who played for, among others, Linfield, Manchester United, Huddersfield Town and Ipswich Town. He was born in Belfast, at the time part of the country of Ireland. As an international, Baird was also called up by both Ireland teams – FAI XI and the IFA XI – but only played for the latter.

Playing career

Club career
After a successful career with Linfield, where he won an Irish League title and Irish Cup, Baird was signed by Manchester United in January 1937 for a fee of £3,500. He joined a struggling side and could do little to prevent United from being relegated at the end of the 1936–37 season. However the following season, together with Johnny Carey, Jack Rowley, Tommy Breen, Stan Pearson and Tommy Bamford, he helped United gain promotion back to the First Division. Together with Bamford, he finished as United's joint top goalscorer that season, both players scoring 15 goals each. Baird then joined Huddersfield Town in September 1938 and while there helped them reach the semi-final of the FA Cup in 1939.

During the Second World War, Baird served in the RAF and guested with several clubs, including his former club Linfield and Ipswich Town, who he would eventually sign for when the war finished. At the time Ipswich were playing in the English Third Division South. Baird made his debut for Ipswich on 31 August 1946 in an away game against Leyton Orient. He went on to make 216 league appearances for Ipswich, scoring six goals. He also played a further 18 games and scored a further goal for them in the FA Cup. Baird retired as a player during the 1951–52 season, making his final appearance for Ipswich at Crystal Palace on 20 October 1951. He subsequently became a coach at the club.

Irish international
When Baird was playing there were, in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations. Both associations, the Northern Ireland-based IFA and the Irish Free State-based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and selected players from the whole island. As a result, several notable Irish players from this era played for both teams. However each association challenged the selection policy of their rival and Baird found himself caught in the middle of one of several disputes.

In May 1938, Baird, together with Jackie Brown and Walter McMillen, was one of three Northern Ireland-born players called up by the FAI XI to play in two friendlies against Czechoslovakia and Poland. However the IFA objected and Baird subsequently received a telegram from the English FA ordering him not to accept the offer on the grounds he was not born in the Irish Free State. Baird was bitterly disappointed at missing the chance of an international debut and was keen to play for financial reasons as much as anything. He was neutral about the dispute and was willing to play for either team. However facing suspension from the English FA, he eventually declined the FAI offer.

While playing for Huddersfield Town, Baird subsequently made his only appearance for the IFA XI on 16 November 1938, in a 7–0 defeat to England at Old Trafford. The Second World War effectively put an end to Baird's international career. Earlier while playing for Linfield, Baird also represented the Irish League XI on two occasions in 1936. He scored on his debut against the Scottish Football League XI at Ibrox and then later assisted them to a 3–2 win against the English League XI.

Honours
Linfield
Irish League (1): 1934–35
Irish Cup (1): 1936

Sources
The Boys in Green – The FAI International Story (1997): Sean Ryan

External links
Northern Ireland's Footballing Greats
Bangor FC

1913 births
1973 deaths
Derby County F.C. wartime guest players
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Grimsby Town F.C. wartime guest players
Halifax Town A.F.C. wartime guest players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. wartime guest players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
NIFL Premiership players
Linfield F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Association footballers from Belfast
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Pre-1950 IFA men's international footballers
English Football League players
Ulster Scots people
Irish League representative players
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II

Harry Baird (footballer)


Brougham Hall is located in the village of Brougham just outside Penrith, Cumbria, England.

History
The de Burgham family may have held land at Brougham in Edward the Confessor's time and were allowed to keep their position after the Norman Conquest of England, which occurred after 1092 in this region : a Wilfred de Burgham was recorded in the reign of Henry II. The de Burghams retained land by military service to the Vieuxpont lords who lived at Brougham Castle close by.

The hall, usually sold in third parts, passed through the hands of various families in Medieval times. Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford, the then owner of Brougham Castle, bought one third part of Brougham Hall in 1654. Amongst other improvements, she re-built the Hall's chapel, St. Wilfrid's, completed about 1659. Lady Anne's attorney-at law and later her steward, James Bird, bought her third of the Hall and manor after her death (1676), being the first person to hold the entirety of the building since the de Broughams. The male line of the Birds of Brougham family died out, however, and the then owner of the Hall and estate, Thomas Carleton, sold both to John Brougham of Scales in 1726. John Brougham belonged to a separate branch of the old de Brougham family, and was "the most successful member of the Brougham family in the 18th century", being a Commissioner in the Excise service for England as well as a barrister and local squire.

The oldest part of the hall is the thirteenth-century gateway, followed by the Tudor Hall, which dates back to around 1480–1520. The seventeenth-century guardhouse was built by James Bird. The Hall was close to the scene of a bloody battle between the Jacobite army of Prince Charles Edward Stuart and Government forces (the Clifton Moor Skirmish), that took place in December 1745.

The rise to power of Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, led to the Hall being extended and enlarged between 1830 and 1847, to designs by the architect Lewis Nockalls Cottingham. The building works were largely overseen by Henry's brother, William Brougham, 2nd Baron Brougham and Vaux.

From this point on, Brougham Hall received visits from London " society" and other notable people, including royalty. This culminated in the visit, in 1905, of the King, Edward VII. However, after World War I, Brougham Hall, in common with many other country houses, faced a severe financial crisis. This was compounded by the spendthrift nature of Victor Brougham, 4th Baron Brougham and Vaux, and his failed attempts to shore up income by becoming a professional gambler. The hall was sold by Victor, 4th Baron Brougham, attempting to pay his many debts, in 1934, and was thereafter sold again for demolition.

From 1941 to 1945, there was a secret tank development facility at Brougham Hall. The project was known as Canal Defence Light (CDL).  A plaque at the Hall remembers the men who worked there during the war. There is also a bunker which was used during World War II.

After World War II, the Hall languished in a derelict state until it was purchased by Christopher Terry in 1967. Mr. Terry and his wife, Alison, determined to arrest the further decline of the Hall.

Today, the hall is the subject of a renovation project by volunteers and is open to visitors throughout the year.

See also

Grade II* listed buildings in Eden District
Listed buildings in Brougham, Cumbria
Brougham Castle – a nearby ruined castle

References

External links

Official site
All Things Brougham
Lake District Walks – Brougham Hall

Country houses in Cumbria
Historic house museums in Cumbria

Brougham Hall


The 76th Tony Awards recognized the achievements in Broadway productions during the 2022–23 season. The ceremony, which ran unscripted due to the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike, was held at the United Palace in New York City on June 11, 2023. Ariana DeBose served as the host for the second year in a row, with Skylar Astin and Julianne Hough co-hosting a streamed pre-show on Paramount+.

The most-awarded production of this season was new musical Kimberly Akimbo, which won five awards, including Best Musical. Leopoldstadt was the most-awarded play, winning four awards, including Best Play. Some Like It Hot led the nominations, at 13.

With J. Harrison Ghee and Alex Newell winning awards for their performances on Some Like It Hot and Shucked, respectively, they become the first openly non-binary performers to win a Tony.

Ceremony information
In January 2023, The Broadway League and American Theatre Wing renewed its contract with Ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss's White Cherry Entertainment to produce the ceremony. On April 12, 2023, it was announced that Ariana DeBose would return as host for a second consecutive year. On April 25, 2023, it was announced that the streaming pre-show The Tony Awards: Act One would move from Paramount+ to the free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) service Pluto TV, prior to the main presentation on CBS and streaming on Paramount+.

Nominees were announced on May 2, 2023; the musical Some Like It Hot was the most-nominated show of the season, while A Doll's House , Ain't No Mo' , and Leopoldstadt were tied for most nominated play.

Impact of the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike

On May 2, 2023, the Writers Guild of America (WGA) went on strike against the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers. On May 12, the WGA denied the American Theatre Wing's request for a waiver to allow the CBS telecast, thereby placing the ceremony's broadcast in uncertainty. (CBS, along with the other major broadcast networks, are represented by the AMPTP in collective bargaining.) The Tony Awards Management Committee held an emergency meeting on May 15 to discuss the future of the ceremony. The meeting, however, was unproductive, with sources saying the committee would make another effort to convince the WGA for a strike waiver. The options were to either hold a non-televised press conference on the original date—akin to the response of the 65th Golden Globe Awards to the 2007–08 WGA strike—or to postpone the ceremony until the strike is resolved—similar to the 74th Tony Awards, which were postponed by more than a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The same day as the emergency meeting, the WGA still once again denied the waiver but announced they would not picket the event, and the broadcast was set to continue as planned.

The Tonys ceremony ultimately went on unscripted. Before the show began, host Ariana DeBose revealed to the audience the only words that would appear on the teleprompter that night: "Please wrap up" (the advisory to award winners to close their acceptance speech). The broadcast's opening performance number began with DeBose paging through a script of blank pages before launching into a dance number that was backed by music but free of lyrics. Lin-Manuel Miranda initially wrote an opening number for the awards, but it was not performed because of the strike.

Presenters

Act One:
 Kelly Coffey, CEO of City National Bank presented Regional Theatre Tony Award to Pasadena Playhouse
 Lin-Manuel Miranda – presented Special Tony Award to John Kander
 Denée Benton – presented Excellence in Theatre Education Award
 Annaleigh Ashford – presented Isabelle Stevenson Award to Jerry Mitchell
 Jennifer Grey – presented Special Tony Award to Joel Grey

Main Show:
 Dominique Fishback and Lily Rabe – presented Best Featured Actor in a Play
 Wayne Brady and Marcel Spears – presented Best Featured Actress in a Musical
 Lupita Nyong'o – presented Best Direction of a Play
 Colman Domingo and Lea Michele – presented Best Direction of a Musical
 David Henry Hwang and Kenny Leon – presented Best Featured Actress in a Play
 Uzo Aduba and Common – presented Best Revival of a Play
 Tatiana Maslany and Wilson Cruz – presented Best Featured Actor in a Musical
 Denée Benton – presented Excellence in Theatre Education Award
 Julianne Hough and Skylar Astin – presented Best Book of a Musical
 Kelli O'Hara – presented Best Revival of a Musical
 Stephanie Hsu and Luke Evans – presented Best Actor in a Musical
 Marcia Gay Harden and Utkarsh Ambudkar – presented Best Actress in a Play
 LaTanya Richardson Jackson and Samuel L. Jackson – presented Best Play
 Barry Manilow and Melissa Etheridge – presented Best Actress in a Musical
 Matthew Broderick and Nathan Lane – presented Best Actor in a Play
 Ariana DeBose – presented Best Musical

Performances
The following shows and performers performed on the ceremony's telecast:
"Cheering for Me Now" / "Theme from New York, New York" – New York, New York
"C'est Moi" / "The Lusty Month of May" / "If Ever I Would Leave You" / "Camelot (Reprise)" – Camelot
"Roar" – & Juliet
"Some Like It Hot" – Some Like It Hot
"It Takes Two" – Into the Woods
"Hot Honey Rag" – Ariana DeBose and Julianne Hough
"This Is Not Over Yet" – Parade
"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd" – Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
"Sweet Caroline" – A Beautiful Noise
 "Wishing You Were Here Somehow Here Again" (In Memoriam) – Joaquina Kalukango
"Anagram" – Kimberly Akimbo
"Corn" / "Independently Owned" / "Somebody Will" / "Woman of the World" – Shucked
"Don't Rain On My Parade" – Funny Girl

Eligibility
The Tony Awards eligibility cut-off date for the 2022–23 season was April 27, 2023, for all Broadway productions which meet all other eligibility requirements.

Original plays
 Ain't No Mo'
 Between Riverside and Crazy
 A Christmas Carol
 The Collaboration
 Cost of Living
 Fat Ham
 Good Night, Oscar
 The Kite Runner
 Leopoldstadt
 Life of Pi
 Mike Birbiglia: The Old Man and the Pool
 Peter Pan Goes Wrong
 Pictures from Home
 Prima Facie
 Summer, 1976
 The Thanksgiving Play
 Walking with Ghosts

Original musicals
 & Juliet
 Almost Famous
 Bad Cinderella
 A Beautiful Noise
 Kimberly Akimbo
 KPOP
 New York, New York
 Shucked
 Some Like It Hot

Play revivals
 A Doll's House
 Death of a Salesman
 Ohio State Murders
 The Piano Lesson
 The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window
 Topdog/Underdog

Musical revivals
 1776
 Camelot
 Dancin'
 Into the Woods
 Parade
 Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street

Events

Nominations
The nominees for the 76th Tony Awards were announced on May 2, 2023 by Lea Michele and Myles Frost. The year's nominations included several non-binary performers, with J. Harrison Ghee (for Some Like It Hot) and Alex Newell (for Shucked) becoming the first two non-binary performers to be nominated for performances in the same year and ultimately winning in their respective categories, while others, such as Justin David Sullivan (from & Juliet), opted out of Tony consideration due to their gendered categories, urging awards shows to "expand their reach". On their nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical, Newell noted the genderless nature of the term "actor", hence their decision to be included for Tony consideration.

The musical Some Like It Hot, based on the classic 1959 Billy Wilder film of the same name, led the nominations, with 13 nominations, while Ain't No Mo' and Leopoldstadt tied for the most nominations for a play, each receiving six.

Winners and nominees
Winners for each award are listed first and highlighted in boldface type.

‡ The award is presented to the producer(s) of the musical or play.

Nominations and awards per production

Individuals with multiple nominations

Non-competitive awards
 Isabelle Stevenson Award — Jerry Mitchell
 Excellence in Theatre Education Award — Jason Zembuch Young from South Plantation High School in Plantation, Florida
 Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement — Joel Grey
 Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement — John Kander
 Regional Theatre Tony Award — Pasadena Playhouse

Reception

Critical reception
The decision to go unscripted won general acclaim. Many reviewers gave praise to the event for its ability to persist and make an entertaining show in spite of the fallout from the WGA strike. Neal Justin of the Star Tribune gave praise to DeBose's performance in the show and also added that "theater lovers may no longer be able to see that chandelier drop at the Majestic Theater in New York, but the Tonys ceremony on Sunday evening proved there was still plenty of reasons for viewers to make the trip East." Charles, McNulty of the Los Angeles Times applauded the recognition to writers made throughout the event and stated that without pre-written scripts, "theater people were allowed to be theater people." McNulty also gave praise to the event for its social justice messaging. Writing for The Washington Post, Peter Marks described the show as "akin to a kitchen accidentally creating a great dish by leaving out a classic ingredient," and echoed similar statements by McNulty, adding that the show demonstrated to actors, audiences, and writers to "let theater be theater." Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter described the show as a much-needed victory for Broadway theater.

Though the show was generally praised, some criticized the unscripted show; Johnny Oleksinski of the New York Post dismissed the unscripted joint as "sleepy," and "cringeworthy," adding that the show lacked any of the typical banter and skits due to lack of written lines. Matthew Huff of Parade, though generally complimentative of the show, criticized the awkward transitions that resulted from going unscripted.

Audience reaction and ratings
During the airing of the event, viewers on Paramount+ complained that instead of seeing the 76th Tony Awards, they instead were shown footage of the previous years' Tony Awards. It was later revealed that this was due to confusion over Paramount+ subscription levels; the 76th Tony Awards were only available to premium users, leaving those who weren't only with the 75th. The distinction was not made in any of the Tony Awards' press release, resulting in viewers and news outlets being unaware of that the 2023 version was a premium only service. Further confusion ensued as DeBose hosted both the 2022 and 2023 events.

The 76th Tony Awards accumulated 4.3 million viewers, earning it the title as the most viewed Tony Awards since 2019. According to CBS, based on data from Paramount+, the show was also the most live streamed show ever, with a 13% streaming increase compared to 2022. Act one became the most watched live event in Pluto TV's history. The increase was notable in a time where while viewership for live U.S. television events are declining, several viewership increases occurred during the 2023 editions of the Super Bowl, Oscars and Grammys. While the 76th Tony Awards was the third least viewed Tony Awards show since records began, it is so far the largest viewership for the Tony Awards since its switch to live coast-to-coast U.S. telecasts the year prior, and marked the first time the Tony Awards experienced consecutive years of ratings increase since the 63rd Tony Awards in 2009.

See also

 Drama Desk Awards
 Laurence Olivier Awards
 Obie Awards
 New York Drama Critics' Circle
 Theatre World Awards
 Lucille Lortel Awards

References

External links

2020s in Manhattan
2023 awards in the United States
2023 in New York City
Tony Awards ceremonies
June 2023 events in the United States
Television shows directed by Glenn Weiss

76th Tony Awards


Margaret Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg (30 June 1604 in Schadeck, today part of Runkel – 13 August 1667 at Wiesenburg Castle), was a Countess of Leiningen and regent of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg during the minority of her sons from 1638.

Life
Margaret Elizabeth was the only child from the first marriage of Count Christopher of Leiningen-Westerburg (1575-1635) and Anna Maria Ungnad, Baroness of Weissenwolff (1573-1606). She married on 10 August 1622 at Butzbach to Landgrave Frederick I of Hesse-Homburg.  After Margaret Elizabeth had given birth to her second son, primogeniture was introduced in the landgraviate.

After the death of her husband on 9 May 1638, she led the regency for her infant sons.  Her youngest son was Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg, the famous Prince of Homburg.

Issue
Margaret Elisabeth and Frederick I had the following children:
 Louis Philippe (1623–1643)
 George  (1624–1624)
 William Christoph (1625–1681), Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
 married firstly in 1650 Princess Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt (1634–1663)
 married secondly in 1665 Princess Anna Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg (1624–1688)
 George Christian (1626–1677)
 married in 1666 Anna Catherine of Pogwisch, widow of von Ahlefeldt (1633–1694)
 Anna Margaret (1629–1686)
 married in 1650 Duke  Philip Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (1620–1689)
 Frederick II (1633–1708), Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, better known as The Prince of Homburg
 married firstly in 1661 Countess Margareta Brahe, widow of Oxenstierna (1603–1669)
 married secondly in 1670 Princess Louise Elisabeth of Courland (1646–1690)
 married thirdly in 1691 Countess Sophia Sibylle of Leiningen-Westerburg, widow of the Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1656–1724)

References
Barbara Dölemeyer: Fontane, Kleist und Hölderlin p. 12
Claudia Tietz: Johann Winckler (1642-1705) p. 69

Regents of Germany
Leiningen family
House of Hesse-Homburg
1604 births
1667 deaths
17th-century German people
17th-century women rulers
Mothers of monarchs


Beth Simone Noveck (born 1971) is the 1st Chief Innovation Officer of New Jersey, Director of the Burnes Center for Social Change at Northeastern University, and Director of The Governance Lab. She is also affiliated faculty with the Institute for Experiential AI. She is the author of Solving Public Problems: How to Fix our Government and Change Our World (Yale Press 2021), Smart Citizens, Smarter State: The Technologies of Expertise and the Future of Government (Harvard 2015), Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful (Brookings 2009), and co-editor of the State of Play: Law and Virtual Worlds (NYU 2006).

She is also a Visiting Senior Faculty Fellow at the John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers University, a Fellow at NYU's Institute for Public Knowledge, and a senior fellow at the Yale Law School Information Society Project. She also served as one of nine members of the Digitalrat, a council to advise German Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel on issues concerning the digital transformation of society.

From 2009 to 2011, she was the United States deputy chief technology officer for open government and led President Obama's Open Government Initiative. She was based at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and served as an expert on governance, technology and institutional innovation. On May 16, 2011, she was appointed senior advisor for Open Government by UK Prime Minister David Cameron. She is a commissioner for the Global Commission on Internet Governance. On August 13, 2018, Noveck was appointed by Governor Phil Murphy to be the Chief Innovation Officer of New Jersey.

Background
Raised in Toms River, New Jersey, she graduated from Harvard University with an AM magna cum laude, and the University of Innsbruck with a Ph.D. She graduated from Yale Law School with a JD.

She directs The Governance Lab, also known as the Govlab and its MacArthur Research Network on Opening Governance, which is designed to improve people's lives through innovative governance. She also directs The Burnes Family Center for Global Impact at Northeastern University.

She was formerly the Jacob K. Javits Visiting Professor at the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and a visiting professor at the MIT Media Lab. She is a former professor of law at New York Law School and a senior fellow at the Yale Law School Information Society Project. She served in the White House as the first United States Deputy Chief Technology Officer and director of the White House Open Government Initiative from 2009 to 2011 under President Barack Obama. UK Prime Minister David Cameron appointed her senior advisor for Open Government, and she served on the Obama-Biden White House transition team. She has also designed or collaborated on Unchat, The Do Tank, Peer To Patent, Data.gov, Challenge.gov and the Gov Lab's Living Labs and training platform, The Academy. She works with the Chiba Institute of Technology Center for Radical Transformation in Japan as a Visiting Researcher. She helps edit the Association for Computing Machinery's Digital Government Research and Practice Journal and is a founding associate editor for the Journal of Collective Intelligence.

She is a member of the Scholars Council of the Library of Congress and a board member of the Center for Open Science (COS), the Open Contracting Partnership, the EPSRC Center for the Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, the Yankelovich Democracy Monitor, and the NHS Digital Academy. In addition, Noveck is also a member of the President's Commission on Transparency and Corruption and the Global Future Council on Technology, Values and Policy for the World Economic Forum through the Inter-American Development Bank, the Steering Committee for the Collective Intelligence Conferences and GIGAPP.

She was named one of the Top 100 Global Thinkers by Foreign Policy, one of the "100 Most Creative People in Business" by Fast Company, and one of the "Top Women in Technology" by Huffington Post. She has also been honored by both the National Democratic Institute and Public Knowledge for her work in civic technology.

She is the author of Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger and Citizens More Powerful,which has also appeared in Arabic, Russian, Chinese and in an audio edition, and co-editor of The State of Play: Law, Games and Virtual Worlds.Smart Citizens, Smarter State: The Technologies of Expertise and the Future of Governing appeared with Harvard University Press in 2015. Her latest book, Solving Public Problems: How to Fix Our Government and Change Our World appeared with Yale Press in 2021.

Previously, Noveck directed the Institute for Information Law & Policy and the Democracy Design Workshop at New York Law School. She is the founder of the "Do Tank," and the State of Play Conferences, and launched Peer-to-Patent, the first community patent review project, in collaboration with the United States Patent and Trade Office. She has taught in the areas of intellectual property, innovation, and constitutional law, as well as courses on electronic democracy and electronic government.

References

External links

 "Public Entrepreneurship: How to train 21st century leaders" by Beth Noveck for Apolitical.
 An interview in The Washington Post with Beth Simone Noveck: "The Obama administration wanted to open up government to citizen input. Why hasn't it worked?"
 cairns.typepad.com blog

 The Governance Lab

 Smarter Citizens Smarter State book
 Smarter Citizens website
 Regular column by Noveck on Governing
 Open Government Blog
 Noveck's comments from the Gov 2.0 Summit on Blip.tv
 Wiki Government book
 Presentation at the Long Now Foundation, "Transparent Government and the Long Now of Democracy"
 Office of the Governor | Governor Murphy Names Beth Simone Noveck as New Jersey's First Chief Innovation Officer

1971 births
Living people
People from Toms River, New Jersey
Obama administration personnel
American women engineers
Yale Information Society Project Fellows
Open government in the United States
Harvard University alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
University of Innsbruck alumni
American women legal scholars
American legal scholars
21st-century American women

Beth Simone Noveck


John F. Dolan (1922–2013) was a longtime member of the Massachusetts State Legislature and an advocate of conservation. During his tenure in office as a State Representative, Dolan helped create groundbreaking legislation for the conservation of natural resources in the State of Massachusetts.

Early life and military service
Dolan was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, on September 7, 1922, and was the oldest child of Charles L. Dolan and Rose Kilborn. Often called "Jack" from the time of childhood, Dolan spent his early years on Grape Island (Essex County, Massachusetts) where his mother's family had resided for many years. Dolan's uncle was Lewis Kilborn, who would later become the island's last living residents. During the early years of the 20th Century, Grape Island was home to numerous families, most of whom made their living digging clams or fishing in the Atlantic or the nearby rivers. As Dolan would later remember, "My first chore was to keep the wood box behind the stove full. When the big wood box was half full, sometimes I would crawl in and take a nap."

In the early 1930s, Dolan's father moved the family off the island and into a residence in Ipswich proper. The transition proved difficult for Dolan's mother who would suffer a nervous breakdown. In 1934, Jack Dolan was sent to live at the Hillside School for Boys in Marlborough, Massachusetts, where he would remain until his enlistment in the US Navy in 1942. During the Second World War Dolan would serve on board the transport vessel  and later as a gun crew captain on the . In July 1945, Dolan and his shipmates on board the Chicago participated in the first naval bombardment of Japan against the Kamaishi Industrial District. After the war, Dolan returned to Ipswich, where he married Lucy Eustace and soon entered local politics.

Political career
While still a member of the US Naval Reserve, Dolan served in a local veteran's affairs office and was later elected to the office of Town Clerk in Ipswich. When the Korean War began in the summer of 1950, Dolan was recalled to active duty with the US Navy and was stationed in Japan. However, the death of his younger brother James F. Dolan during the Battle of Taejon led to Dolan's eventual discharge from active duty and he soon returned to Ipswich to continue raising his family and pursuing a career in state politics.

In 1957, Dolan filed the bill that would become the Conservation Commission Act, legislation that enabled communities throughout Massachusetts to create conservation commissions in order to protect natural resources. By the following year, a dozen towns, including Ipswich had formed commissions based on Dolan's bill. Today, every city and town in Massachusetts has their own conservation commission. Dolan would go on to serve his district until the early 1970s and held his seat in the Massachusetts Legislature for nine consecutive terms. His tenure in office eventually came to an end after casting the deciding vote on a measure that would have reduced the size of the House assembly. The unpopular move lead to his defeat in the following year's primary.

Later life
After his defeat in the 1971 primaries, Dolan continued as director for Committee on Natural Resources until his retirement in the late 1970s. Dolan spent the remainder of his life in Ipswich, digging clams and enjoying time with his grandchildren and a great-grandson who was named in his honor. Dolan also wrote a series of historical articles for the Ipswich Chronicle in the 1990s. One of his grandsons is Samuel K. Dolan, an Emmy Award winning documentary producer and author. John F. Dolan died at his home in Ipswich at the age of 90 on May 24, 2013.

See also
 1953–1954 Massachusetts legislature
 1955–1956 Massachusetts legislature

References

Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
1922 births
2013 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II

John F. Dolan


Christine de Veyrac (born 6 November 1959 in Toulouse) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1999 until 2014. She is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which is part of the European People's Party.

In parliament, De Veyrac served on the Committee on Transport and Tourism. She was also a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Israel.

She used to be the parliamentary attaché of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

Career
 Master's degree in international public law (Toulouse, 1983)
 National Secretary of the UMP (since 2003)
 Deputy Mayor of Toulouse with responsibility for international and European relations (since 2001)
 Member of the bureau of the Greater Toulouse Urban Area Community Council
 Secretary of the Town Planning and Aviation and Space Development Committee,
 Member of the European Parliament (from 1999)

External links

 European Parliament biography
 Declaration of financial interests (in French; PDF file)

1959 births
Living people
Toulouse 1 University Capitole alumni
MEPs for France 1999–2004
MEPs for South-West France 2004–2009
MEPs for South-West France 2009–2014
Union for a Popular Movement MEPs
20th-century women MEPs for France
21st-century women MEPs for France
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians

Christine de Veyrac


Guru is a British 2006 short documentary film about the guru of yoga as exercise K. Pattabhi Jois, directed by the BBC film producer Robert Wilkins. The film shows Jois and his grandson Sharath Rangaswamy teaching in the yogashala at the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in Mysore, India. It combined footage of beginner and advanced students practising the various Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga series of asanas, from Primary to Advanced, with interviews with Jois and senior staff at the Institute, and street scenes in Mysore. The film also shows Jois's children Saraswati and Manju talk about their father. Wilkins took up Ashtanga Yoga two years before making the film. Wilkins spent several months in Mysore studying for the film.

Extra materials on the DVD include a subtitled interview in Kannada with Jois, providing more information on Ashtanga Yoga, and with a more serious tone.

References

2006 films
Yoga mass media
2000s English-language films
British sports documentary films
2000s British films

Guru (2006 film)


Root vegetables are any root of plant, which is used as vegetables. In this context the term root is used to refer to an underground part of the plant. This is not necessarily its root, in the biological sense.

Examples of root vegetables are carrots, onions, poi, potatoes and sweet potatoes, radishes, turnips, and yams.

Root vegetable


Mainstone is a small village and civil parish in southwest Shropshire, England, near the border with Powys, Wales. The village lies approximately 1 mile northwest of the small village of Cefn Einion. The market town of Bishop's Castle lies some 3 miles to the east, while the small town of Clun is about 5 miles away to the south.

It lies in the Clun Forest, a large remote and very rural area which is semi-forested and rather hilly.

The Church of England parish church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, lies in the hamlet of Churchtown (alternatively written as "Church Town") a mile west of Mainstone, though the village itself contains a Primitive Methodist chapel, built in 1892 and still in use in the mid-2000s.

The River Unk originates in and then flows through the parish. Offa's Dyke also cuts north–south through the area, bisecting the hamlet of Churchtown. The long-distance footpaths "Shropshire Way" and "Offa's Dyke Path" pass through the area and join just outside Churchtown.

Mainstone lies at around the 260m above sea level mark. The surrounding hills all peak at roughly 400-420m.

See also
Listed buildings in Mainstone

References

External links

Villages in Shropshire
Civil parishes in Shropshire

Mainstone


Glenn Luther Martin (January 17, 1886 – December 5, 1955) was an early American aviation pioneer. He designed and built his own aircraft and was an active pilot, as well as an aviation record-holder. He founded an aircraft company in 1912 which through several mergers amalgamated into what is today known as Lockheed Martin.

Early years
Glenn L. Martin was born in Macksburg, Iowa, on January 17, 1886, to Minta and Clarence Martin.  At the age of two, Martin's family moved to Salina, Kansas, so that his father could run a wheat farm.
By age six, he became interested in kites, but at first his friends made fun of box-kites he built. When the kites flew well, people paid him twenty-five cents to build one for them. He turned his mother's kitchen into a "factory" to produce more kites. Martin also began using sails on everything from ice skates to wagons, and even his bicycle to move faster with less effort.

He attended and studied business at Kansas Wesleyan in Salina, Kansas.  In 1933, he received an honorary Bachelor of Science degree from Kansas Wesleyan University.

Aviation career begins
As he grew up, he became fascinated with flight, first with kites, then later the Wright brothers' airplane. In 1909 he decided to build one himself based on the Curtiss June Bug, but it was destroyed on the first test flight. For his next effort, Martin used silk and bamboo in the aircraft's construction. This airplane made a short flight. Martin was often assisted by his mother Minta Martin holding a lamp in the building of his first few airplanes.

Over water record
On May 10, 1912, Martin flew a self-built seaplane from Newport Bay, California to Avalon on Catalina Island, then back across the channel. This broke the earlier English Channel record for over-water flight. Martin's total distance was , with the Newport-Avalon leg taking 37 minutes. He picked up a bag of mail on the island on the way, and was presented with $100 ($ in 2019) prize for his achievement. In 1913, Martin was not as fortunate while competing in the Great Lakes Reliability Cruise, a  race of seaplanes around the Great Lakes. Martin's pontoon hit a wave at high speed and low altitude, causing the plane to somersault, and sink to the bottom with Martin, who escaped and attempted to salvage the plane to finish the race.

Hollywood

In 1912, Martin built an airplane factory in an old Methodist church in Los Angeles, California. To make money to finance this business, he began stunt-flying at fairs and local airfields. He saw an advertisement for a pilot/airplane owner to play a role in a movie. Sensing an opportunity to market his airplanes, he replied to the ad and got the part of a dashing hero in the 1915 production A Girl of Yesterday starring Mary Pickford. Soon, however, Martin realized that film production was more difficult than he anticipated. In addition to flying Pickford around in his airplane, he had a scene where he had to kiss Frances Marion, who later became a legendary Hollywood screenwriter. Martin in describing his hesitance having to kiss Marion declared, "my mother would not like it" which astounded Pickford. He worked up the courage however after persuasion by Paramount boss Adolph Zukor and completed the scene.

Achievements
Martin held a record for longest American over-water flight, 66 miles. His company designed aircraft for the military, including bombers for both world wars. An early success came during World War I with production of the MB-1 bomber. The MB-2 and others were also successful.

In 1932, Martin won the Collier Trophy for his involvement with the Martin B-10 bomber.

Companies
He founded the Glenn L. Martin Company in 1912.
In 1916 he merged his company with the original Wright Company, forming the Wright-Martin Aircraft Company. He soon left and founded a second Glenn L. Martin Company in 1917. That company merged with the American-Marietta Corporation in 1961, becoming the Martin Marietta Corporation. This company merged with the Lockheed Corporation in 1995, forming Lockheed Martin, a major U.S. aerospace and defense contractor. In the 1940s, towards the end of Martin's life, he and his beloved and now aged mother Minta were photographed touring the Martin facilities in Baltimore and celebrating Martin's success as one of the captains in the aviation industry.

The Glenn L. Martin Company moves to Maryland
In 1925, the Industrial Bureau contacted Glenn Martin at his plant in Cleveland, Ohio.  It was the Bureau's job to attract Martin to Maryland. After speaking with Martin, a site in Middle River was chosen. From this point it was a three-year-long struggle to acquire the land needed from forty-five property owners. This struggle involved convincing the citizens that this was going to become a booming industry and would provide many jobs in the area. In 1928, the Glenn L. Martin Company moved to Maryland, bringing hundreds of much needed jobs, an airport, and a booming aviation industry. In 1931 he joined the Maryland Club.

Death
He died from complications of a stroke on December 5, 1955, in Baltimore, Maryland.

Legacy

Martin's donations to the University of Maryland, College Park, created the Glenn L. Martin Institute of Technology, which includes the A. James Clark School of Engineering. The University's wind tunnel and a classroom building (the home of the Department of Aerospace Engineering and other units) also bear Martin's name.

The Glenn L. Martin Stadium on the campus of Kansas Wesleyan University opened in 1940; it was demolished in 2014.

In 1966, Martin was inducted in the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio.

In 1977, Martin was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame.

In 1951 Glenn L. Martin Elementary School opened in Santa Ana, California.

Commemorations

USPS Building Bridges Special Postal Cancellation Series commemorated the 110th Anniversary of Glenn L. Martin's first flight with a series of 5 postal cancellations in 3 cities with world premieres of trumpet solo and clarinet/vocal/guitar arrangements of "Break Free on Wings of Music" by Kendall Ross Bean, and the retracing of Glenn Martin's flight path on May 10, 1912.

References
Notes

Bibliography
 "Glenn Martin flies to Avalon to celebrate a 25-year-old record". Life. May 10, 1937.
 "From Barnstorming to Bombers". Popular Science. September 1941.
Patents
 , Design for a lapel pin or the like
 , Packed parachute
 , Docking flying boats
 , Aircraft construction

External links
Martin's biography at the Glenn L. Martin Maryland Aviation Museum
"Kites to Bombers". Time. May 29, 1939.

1886 births
1955 deaths
People from Madison County, Iowa
Aviation pioneers
Aviators from Iowa
American Presbyterians
Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
Collier Trophy recipients
American aviation record holders
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
Martin Marietta people

Glenn L. Martin


The Val Bregaglia (; , ; ) is an alpine valley of Switzerland and Italy at the base of which runs the river Mera ( in Switzerland).

Most of the valley falls within the Swiss district of Maloja in the canton of the Grisons, the lower part within the Italian province of Sondrio. The valley includes the Swiss former municipalities of Vicosoprano, Stampa, Bondo, Soglio and Castasegna (now consolidated into the municipality of Bregaglia); and the Italian municipalities of Villa di Chiavenna, Piuro, and Chiavenna.

The Swiss part of the valley is inhabited by the descendants of Italian Protestants, some descending from those who settled here in the mid-16th century to avoid persecution by the Inquisition, and today about 75% of the population is Protestant. The local dialect is a variety of Lombard with similarities to neighboring dialects of Romansh.

Elektrizitätswerk der Stadt Zürich (EWZ) operates three hydroelectric power plants in the valley at Vicosoprano, Bondo and Castasegna. The hydroelectric project at Vicosoprano was formed by damming the river Albigna, forming Lake Albigna. Located approximately 1000 m above the town and set back, the site is reachable by Albigna Bahn, an aerial tramway operated by EWZ. A  tract of the valley has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.

Geography
The valley begins at the Maloja Pass (1815 m) which connects it to the Engadin (the valley of the Inn, which is part of the Danube basin). There the river Orlegna extends westwards and joins the river Mera to Chiavenna shortly after which the Mera joins with the Liro and turns south towards Lake Como. From Chiavenna to Maloja, a distance of 32 km, the valley rises 1482 m.

In this valley sources of three important basins have their origin: the Rhine (through the Avers Rhine), which runs to the North Sea, the Inn, which runs to the Danube (near Passau), and the rivers Mera and Adda, which run to the Po.

The Bregaglia Range is the group of mountains to the south of the valley.

Name
Some scholars, including E. Dubois and James S. Reid, asserts the valley takes its name from the Bergalei Alpine tribe that inhabited it, a name otherwise lost except for a mention on Tabula clesiana, a Roman plate. On the other hand, 18th-century documents derive modern Lombard Bregaglia from Middle Latin Pregallia ("pre-Gaul, anterior Gaul"). The Latin name Pregallia was used for the valley from at least the 13th century.

References

External links

Valleys of the Alps
Bregaglia
Bregaglia
Important Bird Areas of Switzerland

rm:Bregaglia

Val Bregaglia


Sir Arthur Owen Woodhouse  (18 July 1916 – 15 April 2014) was a New Zealand jurist and chair of government commissions.

Biography

Woodhouse was born in Napier in 1916 and completed an LL.B. at the University of Auckland in 1940. He served as a Lieutenant Commander in the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve during World War II on motor torpedo boats and was a liaison officer with the Yugoslav Partisan in 1943. Two years later, he was serving at the British Embassy in Belgrade as assistant to the Naval Attaché. He received the Distinguished Service Cross in 1944 for naval operations in the Adriatic.

Woodhouse was appointed a Judge of the New Zealand Supreme Court in 1961, and then the New Zealand Court of Appeal in 1974. The same year, he became a Privy Counsellor on the Judicial Committee. He was President of the Court of Appeal from 1981 until his retirement in 1986, after which he was appointed President of the Law Commission until 1991.

Woodhouse was the Chairman of the Royal Commission on Accident Compensation from 1966 to 1967, which produced the Woodhouse Report that recommended a "no-fault" accident compensation scheme. The scheme, known as ACC after its controlling entity, the Accident Compensation Commission (later Corporation), came into effect in April 1974. He was commissioned in 1974 by the Australian Government, the result being the Report of the National Committee of Inquiry, "Compensation and Rehabilitation in Australia", now known as the Australian Woodhouse Report. In 1987, he was President of the Law Commission when it was asked to review parts of the accident compensation legislation, but without examining underlying principle. The Commission's report, "Personal Injury: Prevention and Recovery", was published in 1988 and recommended an end to the disparities between the treatment of accident victims and those incapacitated by sickness or disease.

Honours and awards
Woodhouse's achievements were recognised by the award of honorary Doctor of Law degrees by Victoria University of Wellington and York University, Toronto, in 1978 and 1981, respectively.  He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in 1974, a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1981 Queen's Birthday Honours, and an additional Member of the Order of New Zealand in 2007.

Death and legacy
Woodhouse died on 15 April 2014 at the age of 97. Parliament interrupted its proceedings to hold a moment's silence in his honour. Prime Minister John Key said that "Sir Owen Woodhouse was a man whose life exemplified public service and duty to his country...He leaves a genuinely important legacy." Leader of the Opposition David Cunliffe described Woodhouse as a "great New Zealander", saying that "Sir Owen's selfless contributions to public life have been immeasurable... New Zealanders owe a special debt of gratitude to Sir Owen for his ground-breaking work as chairman of the Royal Commission on Accident Compensation from 1966 to 1967." Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias said that Woodhouse "was an outstanding jurist with a passion for social justice. He was a reformer and a great New Zealander." The President of the New Zealand Law Society, Chris Moore, called him "one of [New Zealand's] greatest jurists". Former Prime Minister Sir Geoffrey Palmer, for whom Woodhouse was a mentor and friend, stated that he "was a man of astonishing intelligence and wonderful humanity."

In May 2014, ACC dedicated the "Sir Owen Woodhouse Atrium" at its Wellington national office in his memory.

Family
In 1940, Woodhouse married Margaret Leah Thorp. They had four sons and two daughters. His son, Peter Woodhouse, has been a High Court judge since August 2007.

References

1916 births
2014 deaths
Court of Appeal of New Zealand judges
High Court of New Zealand judges
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
20th-century New Zealand judges
People from Napier, New Zealand
University of Auckland alumni
Knights Bachelor
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Order of New Zealand
New Zealand recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
New Zealand military personnel of World War II
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Burials at Purewa Cemetery

Owen Woodhouse