Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886 – May 4, 1972) was an American chemist.  In 1950, Kendall was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine along with Swiss chemist Tadeusz Reichstein and Mayo Clinic physician Philip S. Hench, for their work with the hormones of the adrenal gland.  Kendall did not only focus on the adrenal glands, he was also responsible for the isolation of thyroxine, a hormone of the thyroid gland and worked with the team that crystallized glutathione and identified its chemical structure.

Kendall was a biochemist at the Graduate School of the Mayo Foundation at the time of the award.  He received his education at Columbia University.  After retiring from his job with the Mayo Foundation, Kendall joined the faculty at Princeton University, where he remained until his death in 1972. Kendall Elementary School, in Norwalk is named for him.

Early life and education
Kendall was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut in 1886.  He attended Columbia University, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in 1908, a Master of Science degree in Chemistry in 1909, and a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1910.

Research career
After obtaining his Ph.D., his first job was in research for Parke, Davis and  Company, and his first task was to isolate the hormone associated with the thyroid gland.  He continued this research at St. Luke's Hospital in New York until 1914.  He was appointed Head of the Biochemistry Section in the  Graduate School of the Mayo Foundation, and the following year he was appointed as the Director of the  Division of Biochemistry.

Kendall made several notable contributions to biochemistry and medicine.  His most notable discovery was the isolation of thyroxine, although it was not the work he received the most accolades for.  Along with associates, Kendall was involved with the isolation of glutathione and determining its structure.  He also isolated several steroids from the adrenal gland cortex, one of which was initially called Compound E.  Working with Mayo Clinic physician Philip Showalter Hench, Compound E was used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.  The compound was eventually named cortisone.  In 1950, Kendall and Hench, along with Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein were awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects."  His Nobel lecture focused on the basic research that led to his award, and was titled "The Development of Cortisone As a Therapeutic Agent."  As of the 2010 awards, Kendall and Hench were the only Nobel Laureates to be affiliated with Mayo Clinic.

Kendall was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1950, and both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society in 1951.

Kendall's career at Mayo ended in 1951, when he reached mandatory retirement age.  He moved on to Princeton University, where he was a Visiting Professor in the Department of Biochemistry.  He remained affiliated with Princeton until his death in 1972. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Kendall received other major awards including the Lasker Award, the Passano Foundation Award and the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh.  Kendall received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1966. He was awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Cincinnati, Western Reserve University, Williams College, Yale University, Columbia University, National University of Ireland, and Gustavus Adolphus College.

Family life
Kendall married Rebecca Kennedy in 1915, and they had four children.  He died in 1972 in Princeton, New Jersey. His wife died in 1973.

References

External links
 Edward Calvin Kendall Biography

1886 births
1972 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
American Nobel laureates
Mayo Clinic people
People from Norwalk, Connecticut
Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the American Philosophical Society

Edward Calvin Kendall


Elmer is a coastal village in the Arun district of West Sussex, England. It is part of the built-up area around Bognor Regis. Its postal address is "Elmer, Bognor Regis". In the small shopping area are the local shop, launderette, Indian restaurant and estate agents, along with two pubs The Cabin and The Elmer.

The area also includes the hamlet of Ancton, centred on Ancton Farm, which is considerably older than Elmer, which has only been developed within the last 50 years.

The whole area of Elmer used to be farmland until the housing drive of the postwar years when the Elmer Sands Estate was constructed. Much of the original housing in the Elmer Sands estate consisted of old railway carriages; over the years these are being replaced by modern housing.

The beach at Elmer [Elmer Sands] is like most West Sussex beaches, pebbles at high tide and sand at mid to low tide with the beach divided by wooden groynes.

During the early 19th century Damien Cox, a British Archeologist, discovered the fossilized remains of a Sus domesticus whilst excavating in the beach area. The fossils are now held in the local village post office, where visitors can purchase postcards and other local memorabilia.

References

External links

Arun District
Villages in West Sussex
Populated coastal places in West Sussex
Beaches of West Sussex

Elmer, West Sussex


Stanley James Dellar (29 November 1936 – 11 April 2015) was an Australian politician who served as a Labor Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1971 to 1977, representing Lower North Province.

Dellar was born in Kalgoorlie to Gladys Jean (née McDonald) and David Peter Dellar. His father was also a member of parliament. Dellar attended Eastern Goldfields High School, and after leaving began working as a clerk for the Kalgoorlie Road Board. He later worked as a clerk for local government bodies in Bridgetown (1959 to 1963), Carnarvon (1964 to 1967), and Exmouth (1967 to 1970). Dellar entered parliament at the 1971 state election, defeating George Brand of the Liberal Party by just four votes. He served a single six-year term before losing his seat to Norman Moore at the 1977 election. Dellar worked as a truck driver after leaving politics, and served on the Exmouth Shire Council from 1979 to 1982. His niece, Melissa Price, is a member of federal parliament.

He died in Exmouth in April 2015, aged 78.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Western Australia
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
People from Kalgoorlie
Western Australian local councillors

Stan Dellar


Friday Night Lights is an American sports drama television series developed by Peter Berg and inspired by the 1990 nonfiction book by H. G. Bissinger, which was adapted as the 2004 film of the same name by Berg. Executive producers were Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey and Jason Katims who also served as showrunner. The series follows a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, a small, close-knit community in rural West Texas. It features an ensemble cast led by Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton, portraying high school football coach Eric Taylor and his wife Tami Taylor, a school faculty member. The primary cast includes characters associated with football and high school. The show uses its small-town backdrop to address many issues in contemporary American culture like family values, school funding, racism, substance use, abortion and lack of economic opportunities.

Friday Night Lights premiered on October 3, 2006. It aired for two seasons on NBC. In May 2007, the series was renewed for a second season to consist of 19 episodes, but due to the writers' strike, it was shortened to 15 episodes. Although the show had garnered critical acclaim and passionate fans, the series suffered low ratings and was in danger of cancellation after the second season. To save the series, NBC struck a deal with DirecTV to co-produce three more seasons; each subsequent season premiered on DirecTV's 101 Network, with NBC rebroadcasts a few months later. The series ended its run on The 101 Network on February 9, 2011, after five seasons.

Though Friday Night Lights never garnered a sizable audience, it was a critical success, lauded for its realistic portrayal of Middle America and deep exploration of its central characters. The show appeared on a number of best lists and was awarded a Peabody Award, a Humanitas Prize, a Television Critics Association Award and several technical Primetime Emmy Awards. At the 2011 Primetime Emmy Awards, the show was nominated for Outstanding Drama Series. Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton also scored multiple nominations for the Outstanding Lead Actor and Actress awards for a drama series. Executive producer Jason Katims was nominated for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series. Chandler and Katims each won the Emmy in 2011.

Background

Inspiration

Friday Night Lights was inspired by H.G. "Buzz" Bissinger's non-fiction book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream (1990) and the 2004 film based on it. The book, which explores the 1988 season of the Permian Panthers, a high school football team in Odessa, Texas, was a factual work of documentary journalism. The people featured were not renamed in the book. The Universal Pictures film, which stars Billy Bob Thornton and was directed by Peter Berg, Bissinger's second cousin, based its characters on the residents of Odessa, c. 1988.

Conception

Once filming on the movie was completed, Berg began to explore adapting the story for television. Berg later said he had regretted having to jettison many of the interpersonal topics from the book because of the time constraints of a feature film. Creating a TV series, particularly one based on fictional characters, allowed him to address many of those elements in-depth.

He decided to set the series in a fictional town of Dillon, Texas, with some characteristics of Odessa. The football team was given the Panthers name. Berg deliberately carried elements from the film to the series, particularly for the pilot, which was closely related to the film. He cast Connie Britton as the wife of head coach Eric Taylor, and Brad Leland as Buddy Garrity, a major businessman and football booster, in roles similar to those they played in the film.

Production
Filming for the show's pilot began in February 2006 in Austin, Texas. Berg said he required filming the pilot and eventually the show in Texas as "a deal breaker" in order to agree to participate weekly in the project. The show features homages to its Texas heritage. In the pilot, Berg featured former Texas Longhorns football coach Mack Brown as a Dillon booster and had a caller to the fictional Panther Radio compare Panthers' coach Eric Taylor to Brown. The pilot referred to much of the surrounding area in its scenes. Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex. The Dillon Panther football team and coaches' uniforms were based on the uniforms of the Pflugerville Panthers. Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf.

Berg's observation of local high school students while preparing to film the movie inspired his development of some of the characters. For example, Jason Street, the character whose promising football career is ended by a spinal injury in the pilot, was inspired by a local event. David Edwards, a football player from San Antonio's Madison High, was paralyzed during a November 2003 game. Berg was at the game when this accident occurred; he was profoundly affected by Edwards' injury and how it overturned his life. Berg set up a similar incident in the pilot.

Performances
While relying on a script each week, the producers decided at the outset to allow the cast leeway in what they said and did on the show. Their decisions could affect the delivery of their lines and the blocking of each scene. If the actors felt that something was untrue to their character or a mode of delivery didn't work, they were free to change it, provided they still hit the vital plot points.

This freedom was complemented by filming without rehearsal and without extensive blocking. Camera operators were trained to follow the actors, rather than having the actors stand in one place with cameras fixed around them. The actors knew that the filming would work around them. Executive producer Jeffrey Reiner described this method as "no rehearsal, no blocking, just three cameras and we shoot."

Working in this fashion profoundly influenced everyone involved with the show. Series star Kyle Chandler said: "When I look back at my life, I'm going to say, 'Wow, [executive producer] Peter Berg really changed my life.'" Executive producer and head writer Jason Katims echoed this sentiment, saying: "When I first came on [the FNL] set, I thought, it's interesting – this is what I imagined filmmaking would be, before I saw what filmmaking was."

Filming
All five seasons of Friday Night Lights were filmed in Austin and Pflugerville. With the show yielding roughly $33 million a year in revenue, other states courted the production company after the state of Texas failed to pay all the rebates it had promised to the show's producers. The Texas legislature authorized funding to match the offers of other states, and the production company preferred to stay near Austin, so the show remained in Texas.

Friday Night Lights is unusual for using actual locations rather than stage sets and sound stage. These factors together with reliance on filming hundreds of locals as extras, gives the series an authentic feel and look.

The producers used a cinéma vérité (documentary-style) filming technique. Three cameras were used for each shoot and entire scenes were shot in one take. In contrast, most productions film a scene from each angle and typically repeat the scene several times while readjusting lighting to accommodate each shot. The first takes usually made the final cut. By filming a scene all at once, the producers tried to create an environment for the actors that was more organic and allowed for the best performances.

The series borrowed the uniforms, cheerleaders, fans and stadium of the Pflugerville Panthers. Producers shot Pflugerville games and used them as game footage in the series. University of Southern California football announcers Pete Arbogast and Paul McDonald provided off-screen commentary during the football game sequences. The facilities, colors and bobcat logos of Texas State University in San Marcos were used as the setting and creative inspiration for the fictional Texas Methodist University. The show features the fictional Herrmann Field, named for George Herrmann, the head coach of the Pflugerville Panthers.

Some scenes were filmed outside Texas. On June 20, 2010, scenes were filmed at Temple University, which was to portray the fictional Braemore College. An episode from Julie's senior year in high school was filmed in the Boston area, at Boston College, Boston University, and Tufts University.

Some scenes at fictional Oklahoma Tech University were filmed at Gregory Gym at The University of Texas at Austin.

Marketing

Initially targeted at the youth market, the show emphasized the football element. NBC teamed with social networking site Bebo to create a site that allowed students to upload video and photos, as well as create blogs about their local football teams. Students who participated were eligible for one of 10 $5,000 scholarships. NBC had negotiated with Bebo for network and series promotion on Bebo's network of youth-oriented sites including Piczo, Hi5, Tickle, Ringo, and FastWeb.

To complement this promotion, NBC sent out "School Spirit" kits to 1,000 high schools around the country. These kits included posters, pom-poms, mini-footballs and disposable cameras, all bearing the show's logo. The kits also contained copies of the show's pilot episode on DVD. The network repeated this promotion for its second season promotion, when it teamed with HouseParty.com to send out 1,000 "Party Kits", which contained advance copies of the Season 2 opener along with other promotional material.

NBC also paired with Toyota to create the "Hometown Sweepstakes", in which students could earn cash grants of up to $50,000 for their school's athletics program. It was open to high school students ages 14 to 18 and was designed to draw people to the show's official website, where they could download AOL Instant Messenger icons, screensavers and desktop wallpaper. Students who registered could also download free movie theater passes to special early screenings of the pilot episode. These movie theater screenings took place in 50 cities nationwide and ran until a week before the show premiered on NBC.

In the later part of the season, NBC chose to switch course and pursue the female demographic. The network designed a strategy based on the personal elements of the show, giving the show the tagline, "It's about life". NBC Marketing President Vince Manze stressed that the goal was to assure viewers that the show was family and relationships as well as athletics. The network ran 30-second spots in movie theaters that featured cast members and fans being interviewed about the show.

Cast and characters

As a show about the community of Dillon, Texas, Friday Night Lights has an ensemble cast. The show features Panthers' football coach Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler), who strives to balance his work, family, status in a sometimes confrontational community and his personal ambitions. His family – wife Tami Taylor (Connie Britton), a guidance counselor turned principal at Dillon High, and teenage daughter Julie Taylor (Aimee Teegarden) – are also central to the show. Coach Taylor and Tami are the only two characters to appear in every episode.

Outside of the Taylor family, the show explores the lives of the Dillon high school football players. In the pilot, Coach Taylor's protege and star quarterback Jason Street (Scott Porter) suffers an in-game spinal injury that ends his football career. He faces life as a paraplegic. At first, Street struggles with these disabilities and the upturn of his life. Gradually, he copes with his new reality. Lyla Garrity (Minka Kelly), his girlfriend, undergoes her own changes, making a transition from a Panthers cheerleader to a Christian youth leader.

Because of Street's injury, sophomore Matt Saracen (Zach Gilford), who is quiet and reserved, becomes the Panthers' starting quarterback. He eventually dates the coach's daughter, Julie. Saracen's father is deployed in Iraq, so he is the sole caretaker for his grandmother Lorraine Saracen (Louanne Stephens). Saracen receives little help, except from his best friend Landry Clarke (Jesse Plemons). Star running back Brian "Smash" Williams (Gaius Charles) works to get a college football scholarship. Fullback Tim Riggins (Taylor Kitsch) struggles with alcoholism and complicated family problems. His older brother Billy Riggins (Derek Phillips), while not his legal guardian, serves as Tim's caretaker. Tyra Collette (Adrianne Palicki) stars as a town vixen who wants to leave Dillon for a better life. Involved with Riggins, Tyra eventually develops a complicated relationship with Landry Clarke.

The fourth and fifth seasons shift focus to the East Dillon Lions, now coached by Eric Taylor. The fourth season introduces several new characters, including Vince Howard (Michael B. Jordan), a talented athlete who has never played football before, but he rises to stardom as the team's quarterback. Luke Cafferty (Matt Lauria) is a running back and is romantically with Becky Sproles (Madison Burge), a beauty-queen hopeful who has complicated family issues; Becky also develops a deep relationship with Riggins. Jess Merriweather (Jurnee Smollett), an East Dillon student who works at her father's restaurant and cares for her three younger brothers; she briefly dates Landry and has a relationship with Vince; and shows aspirations of being a football coach. Hastings Ruckle (Grey Damon) is introduced in the fifth season, a basketball player turned football player, who serves as a receiver for the Lions.

Plot

Season one

Season one revolves around two main events: Coach Eric Taylor beginning as head coach and the injury and paralysis of star quarterback Jason Street in the first game of the season. Coach Taylor's career depends on his ability to get the Dillon Panthers to the state championship, despite the loss of Street. If the team suffers a losing streak, he knows his family will no longer be welcome in Dillon.

Season two

Season two begins with Coach Taylor living and working in Austin as an assistant coach at fictional Texas Methodist University, while wife Tami remains in Dillon with daughter Julie and newborn baby Gracie. The Panthers' new coach, Bill McGregor, creates friction between Smash and Matt by showing blatant favoritism to Smash and alienates many members of the football community. Buddy engineers the firing of the new coach and persuades Taylor to return.

Season three

The season begins with Coach Taylor's having failed to lead the Panthers to another State championship the year before, creating new pressure for him. Quarterback Matt Saracen's position is threatened by the arrival of freshman J.D. McCoy, an amazing natural talent who comes from a rich family with an overbearing father, Joe. Matt eventually moves to wide receiver after Taylor names J.D. McCoy the starting quarterback, but Matt is pushed back into his former role in the playoffs. Matt and Julie Taylor reconcile, and rekindle their romance.

Season four

Season 4 kicks off with Eric Taylor struggling as coach at the underprivileged and underfunded East Dillon High. A new character, Becky, is introduced when Tim Riggins rents a trailer on her mother's property. Becky becomes pregnant by Luke and decides to get an abortion. Matt Saracen moves to Chicago without saying goodbye to his girlfriend or his best friend. Tim Riggins falls back into criminal activity, opens a chop shop, and ends up in jail.

Season five

Billy Riggins joins Coach Taylor as a special teams coach for the East Dillon Lions. Eric Taylor has strong hopes for the team to go to state. Vince's troubles cause his relationship with Jess to take a hit. Buddy Garrity becomes a father again when Buddy Jr. is sent back to Dillon to get help from his father. Julie's college experience is nothing like she imagined. Julie looks for support from Matt Saracen, who is living in Chicago and attending art school. In the end, she moves in with him and they get engaged. Tim is approved for early release. Buddy gives him a job as a bartender at his bar. The series ends with Eric coaching a new high school team in Philadelphia.

Episodes

Reception

Critical response

Although the series never had a high viewership, it was met with critical acclaim and has a strong fan-base. On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the first season received a score of 78 out of 100, based on 32 reviews. Virginia Heffernan wrote for The New York Times that "if the season is anything like the pilot, this new drama about high school football could be great – and not just television great, but great in the way of a poem or painting." The Washington Post similarly praised the series as "extraordinary in just about every conceivable way." Bill Simmons, a former columnist for ESPN Magazine implored readers of his column in the September 24, 2007 issue to watch the show, calling it "the greatest sports-related show ever made." Positive reviews also came from USA Today, the San Francisco Chronicle, and international sources, with The Guardian'''s Jonathan Bernstien calling the pilot "beautifully shot" and the Metro awarding it 4 out of 5 stars.

Throughout its inaugural season, many online journalists responded positively to the show. Matt Roush of TV Guide dedicated several of his "Roush Dispatch" columns to the show calling the last episodes of season one "terrifically entertaining" while Zap2it's Amy Amatangelo asked her readers to "promise to watch [the last 4 episodes of] Friday Night Lights." The show's pilot did, however, receive negative reviews as well. The Philadelphia Inquirer's review was particularly harsh, calling the show a "standard high school sports soap opera."

Season two reviews were considerably less positive than for the first, with the Landry and Tyra murder plot being particularly panned by critics. The Los Angeles Times said that the show had lost its innocence, while The Boston Globe said the event was "out of sync with the real-life tone of the show." Others were more positive, though, with Variety saying "faith should be shown in showrunner/writer Jason Katims" while The New York Times said "to hold Friday Night Lights to a measure of realism would be to miss what are its essentially expressionistic pleasures."Time Out magazine's Andrew Johnston included the series in his list of the ten best TV shows for both 2006 and 2007, stating "Who'd have thought a tribute to heartland values would turn out to be the most avant-garde show on TV? The music and random close-ups said more than the dialogue in Peter Berg's phenomenal football drama."Time Out New York, 12/27/2007-1/2/2008, p. 153. Time magazine's James Poniewozik named it one of the Top 10 Returning Series of 2007, ranking it at No. 4. In 2007, AOL ranked Friday Night Lights the fifth Best School Show of All Time. The same year, the show placed No. 71 on Entertainment Weekly "New TV Classics" list. In 2009, Alan Sepinwall placed it in his "Best of the '00s in TV: Best Dramas" and wrote: "Few shows are as willing to so directly confront the emotions of its characters, aided by central performances — as one of TV's most realistic and loving couples — from Chandler and Connie Britton." The A.V. Club named it the 16th best TV series of the 2000s. In 2010, Kristin Dos Santos of E! Online ranked it number 4 on her list, "Top 20 TV Series of the Past 20 Years".Friday Night Lights final season was lauded by critics. Based on 10 reviews, the season obtained a score of 82 out of 100 on Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim" and it was included on numerous best lists. Poniewozik ranked it No. 7 on his list of 2011's Top 10 TV Series, saying, "The final season of this drama came down, as you would expect, to a final dramatic game. But the real action was always just as much in the stands". He also ranked the final episode "Always" No. 1 on 2011's Top 10 TV Episodes list. Paste also named it one of the 20 best TV shows of 2011 and Slant Magazine ranked Friday Night Lights No. 10 on its list of 2011's 25 Best TV Shows, concluding "The show's true concerns—obsession, class, family—were articulated beautifully as ever in the quiet, familiar relationships between a town and its team, and a coach and his wife". The Salt Lake Tribune in its list of the Top 10 series of 2011 ranked Friday Night Lights No. 1 explaining "For five seasons, Friday Night Lights was both the simplest and most complex show on TV. It felt like real life, and real life is complicated." TV Guide named the show among its Best TV Shows of 2011 praising the fact that "Friday Night Lights left its fans with the best portrait of a marriage ever on TV". It was also included on The Huffington Posts and E! Online's 2011's Best TV Shows.

In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked Friday Night Lights No. 22 in its of the "101 Best Written TV Series of All Time".

Awards and accoladesFriday Night Lights won a Peabody Award, three AFI awards, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series, an ACE Eddie Award for editing, an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Directing, a Television Critics Association Award, and has earned multiple Writers Guild of America nominations. The show's two leading actors, Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton, received Emmy nominations for their performances in 2010, while executive producer Jason Katims won two Humanitas Prize awards for writing.

In 2011, after concluding its run, the show was honored by four Emmy nominations and Kyle Chandler won the award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Jason Katims won for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for "Always".

Fan baseFriday Night Lights enjoys what former NBC President Kevin Reilly called a "passionate and vocal [fanbase]". This fan dedication has shown itself in everything from advertisers expressing their support for the show to news outlets getting massive amounts of support mail after running positive pieces about the show.

After some statements made by NBC's Entertainment head Ben Silverman about the future of the show and the fact that everything seemed to point that Friday Night Lights wouldn't return after the writers' strike, fans put together several campaigns. Save FNL Campaign raised money to send footballs and contributions to charity foundations that were related to the show. The Save FNL Campaign raised a total of $15,840 for 18,750 footballs, $2061 for charity, and $924 worth of DVDs for troops stationed overseas.

Television ratings

 U.S. ratings
Though it was critically acclaimed, Friday Night Lights never enjoyed high ratings. The first two seasons averaged roughly 6 million viewers each. Ratings dropped in subsequent seasons with the third season averaging 4.6 million viewers, the fourth season with 3.8 million, and fifth season with 3.6 million.

International ratings
The show's pilot, which aired on February 21, 2007, on ITV4, was watched by 26,000 viewers in the UK. This was attributed to the program being aired opposite of the Barcelona–Liverpool football game in the first knockout round of the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League.

DVR ratings
On December 29, 2006 Nielsen Media Research reported the results of having, for the first time, monitored viewers who use a Digital Video Recorder to record shows for later viewing. These ratings, called "live plus seven", include all viewers who use a DVR to record the show and then watch it within a week of its initial airing.

According to the Nielsen numbers, DVR viewers increased Friday Night Lights ratings by 7.5% overall in December. When Nielsen monitored viewers again in April 2007 the increase went up to 17% for the week ending on April 8.

Affluent viewers
On March 5, 2007, Media Life Magazine reported that Friday Night Lights was one of the most popular shows among "affluent viewers" who had little experience playing football. This was determined using a report from Magna Global who in turn used analysis done by Nielsen Media Research. Affluence in the study was determined by yearly income.

In the study, Friday Night Lights tied for the 11th most watched show by affluent viewers. According to the study viewers of the show have a median household income of $65,000 per year.

Distribution

 Online episodes
Streaming videos, such as cast interviews and the full episode from the previous week, have been available on NBC.com since the series' inception. In December 2006, NBC expanded this selection to include every episode of the season. The move to offer every episode was made for only a few select shows and represents a marketing push on NBC's part.

In addition to the free ad-support offerings, every episode of Friday Night Lights became available for download on the iTunes Store on February 10, 2007, for $1.99 per episode. As a special promotion, the pilot was initially offered as a free download. The series was available on Netflix through October 1, 2017. The series returned to Netflix in the United States on August 1, 2021.

Syndication
ABC Family acquired syndication rights for the first four seasons and began airing reruns September 6, 2010, but it was pulled on October 18, 2010, due to low ratings. In July 2011, it was announced that ESPN Classic had acquired the rights of all five seasons and started airing the series beginning on July 12, 2011.

In an attempt to bolster series ratings, NBC repositioned reruns of the show to air on its sister network Bravo, during the weeks leading up to the season one finale on NBC. These episodes aired on a schedule of one hour every Friday and three hours every Saturday. Bravo is known to have an audience that is upscale and largely female, which is in line with the new strategy of NBC's then-President Kevin Reilly (now at FOX) for selling the show. When questioned about this strategy, he admitted to having regrets about initially marketing the show incorrectly, saying: "It's been so clear to me that [the marketing for] the show ended up confusing people in terms of what [the public thought] it was supposed to be". He said he felt the show is, at its core, a "women's show", and his wish is that the marketing had reflected that to a greater extent.

Once the 2006–2007 television season ended, NBC planned to air reruns throughout the summer in the hopes of gaining new viewers during the summer hiatus. Despite rising ratings for the reruns, NBC abruptly pulled them from the network's schedule on June 24, 2007. NBC resumed airing reruns in late August/early September, timed to the Season 1 DVD release.

TeenNick acquired the rights in 2015 and began airing the series, in chronological order, on April 10, 2015, with a week-long event in which three episodes aired nightly.

DirecTV
During the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, NBC Universal's decision to release the Season 2 DVD with only the 15 produced episodes and comments by NBC chief Ben Silverman led to speculation that the show would be canceled.

In March 2008, it was confirmed that NBC had picked up the series for a third season, after a cost-sharing partnership between NBC and DirecTV was struck. The agreement had first run episodes airing exclusively on DirecTV, and the episodes aired on NBC at a later date. Season 3 premiered exclusively on DirecTV channel 101, with the episodes replaying on NBC beginning on January 16, 2009. In March 2009, NBC announced it had renewed the series for two more seasons.

Home media releases

DVD and Blu-ray
The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on August 28, 2007, and in region 2 on October 29, 2007. Special features include deleted scenes from several episodes and a featurette titled "Behind The Lights: Creating The First Season of Friday Night Lights".

The second season was released on DVD in region 1 on April 22, 2008, and in region 2 on February 11, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from several episodes, audio commentaries for "Last Days of Summer", "Are You Ready for Friday Night" and "There Goes the Neighborhood" and a featurette titled "Friday Night Lights Cast & Producers at the Paley Festival in L.A.".

The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on May 19, 2009, and in region 2 on March 25, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from various episode and an audio commentary for "Tomorrow Blues".

The fourth season was released on DVD in region 1 on August 17, 2010, and in region 2 on May 20, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from various episodes, audio commentary for "East of Dillon", and several behind-the-scenes featurettes.

The fifth season was released on DVD in region 1 on April 5, 2011, and in region 2 on August 12, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from several episodes, audio commentaries for "Don't Go" and "Always", a featurette titled "The Lights Go Out", and a photo gallery.

A complete series box set containing all the episodes and material from the individual season sets was released in region 1 on October 4, 2011.

In March 2016, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series in region 1; they subsequently re-released the first two seasons on DVD on September 6, 2016. On September 26, 2017, Mill Creek Entertainment re-released the complete series on DVD and also released the complete series on Blu-ray for the first time; however, these releases lacked the previously included special features.

Soundtracks
Two soundtracks with music featured on the show were released. The first, Friday Night Lights, was released in 2007, and included music from The Killers, OutKast, and Explosions in the Sky, who had produced the score for the film. The second soundtrack, Friday Night Lights Vol. 2, was released in 2010, and included the main "Friday Night Lights Theme" by W. G. Walden. The score for both the film and television show, along with all background music and all instrumental music is performed by Explosions in the Sky.

Cancelled film sequel
In July 2011, it was revealed that creator and executive producer Peter Berg was interested in continuing the series, as a feature film. In August 2011, Berg said at a Television Critics Association panel that the Friday Night Lights'' film is in development. Berg said, "We're very serious about trying to do it", adding that the script was being written. Universal Pictures and Imagine Television would produce the film, with Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton set to return. In May 2013, executive producer Brian Grazer confirmed the film was continuing to be developed. In December 2013, Berg confirmed that a film would not be moving forward.

References

External links

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The Camiguin forest mouse (Apomys camiguinensis) is a forest mouse endemic to the island of Camiguin in the southern Philippines. It has large ears and eyes, a long tail and rusty-brown fur, and it feeds mostly on insects and seeds. This description is based on mice captured during a biological survey conducted in 1994 and 1995 high on the steep slopes of one of the island's volcanoes.

In April, 2006, the new mammal, a Philippine forest mouse, now identified as Apomys camiguinensis was captured on the steep slopes of a volcano of Camiguin during a biological survey by Heaney and Tabaranza. In 2002, Heaney, Tabaranza, and Eric Rickart (from the Utah Museum of Natural History), described a different species of forest-living rodent, Bullimus gamay, from Mt. Timpoong, the same mountain where the new mouse was collected. A frog (Oreophryne nana) named in 1967 had been thought to be the only vertebrate restricted to the island prior to the surveys by Heaney and Tabaranza. The scientists' research was described in the April 5 issue of Fieldiana: Zoology, a scientific journal about biodiversity research published by The Field Museum. It is endemically distributed to Dinagat (FMNH), Luzon (Benguet [USNM], Camarines Sur [FMNH], and Isabela [FMNH] provinces) and Mindoro (FMNH). It is abundant in primary montane forest (1125 – 1350 m), uncommon in mossy forest (1550 – 1750 m), and absent in disturbed lowland forest (475 – 900 m) on Mt. Isarog, southern Luzon, and also in montane forest at 925 m elevation in Balbalasang, Kalinga Province.

References
Notes

Sources
 Heaney, L.R., Tabaranza Jr, B.R., Balete, D.S. and Rigertas, N. (2006) Synopsis and biogeography of the mammals of Camiguin Island, Philippines. Fieldiana Zoology, 106: 28-48.
 Heaney, L.R. and Tabaranza Jr, B.R. (2006) Mammal and land bird studies on Camiguin Island, Philippines: Background and conservation priorities. Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 106: 1-13.
 Heaney, L.R. and Tabaranza Jr, B.R. (2006) A new species of forest mouse, genus Apomys (Mammalia, Rodentia, Muridae) from Camiguin Island, Philippines. Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 106: 14-27.

External links
Two new species discovered, bolster case for Philippine conservation,Haribon Foundation.
Aseanbiodiversity.org

Apomys
Fauna of Camiguin
Mammals described in 2006

Camiguin forest mouse


Sarah Elizabeth Cupp (born February 23, 1979) is an American television host, political commentator, and writer. In August 2017, she began hosting S.E. Cupp: Unfiltered, a political panel show, co-hosted by Andrew Levy, on HLN and later CNN.

She is a former panelist on the CNN political debate show Crossfire, author of Losing Our Religion: The Liberal Media's Attack on Christianity and co-author of Why You're Wrong About the Right. She was a panelist on Real News on TheBlaze, a co-host of the MSNBC talk show The Cycle, and a frequent guest host on the Fox News late night talk show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. She is a frequent guest panelist on Real Time with Bill Maher.

Early life
Cupp was born in Oceanside, California. While growing up, she lived in Andover, Massachusetts, and attended the Academy of Notre Dame. From age six until her late teens, she studied ballet. While attending ballet school, she suffered from eating disorders and experienced a relapse during her college years. In 2000, Cupp graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in art history. While attending Cornell, she worked for The Cornell Daily Sun. In 2010, she earned a Master of Arts degree from the Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University with a concentration in religious studies.

Media career
After graduating from Cornell, Cupp worked for an online magazine and a public relations company. She was also a contributor to Politico.com's The Arena and has been a frequent guest on all three major cable news channels – CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC.

Her writings have appeared in several publications, including The Washington Post, New York Daily News, The American Spectator, Townhall, Newsmax, Human Events, Slate, Maxim, and The Daily Caller.

In 2009, Cupp was hired as a columnist at the New York Daily News. In 2011, she was hired as a writer and commentator for Mercury Radio Arts, the organization owned and operated by Glenn Beck. Shortly after being hired by Beck, Cupp was given her show, S.E. Cupp, on the Insider Extreme broadcast on Glennbeck.com. The show was moved to GBTV (now TheBlaze TV).

On June 25, 2012, she began co-hosting The Cycle on MSNBC with political strategist Krystal Ball, pop-culture commentator Touré, and senior Salon political writer Steve Kornacki.

After living and working in New York City for over a decade, Cupp moved to Washington, D.C., in 2013, after CNN hired her to join the panel of a new version of Crossfire, with panelists Newt Gingrich, Stephanie Cutter, and Van Jones. Consequently, Cupp left MSNBC and The Cycle, following her final appearance on June 27, 2013.

On March 13, 2017, CNN's sister network, HLN, announced that Cupp would host a new evening program, S.E. Cupp Unfiltered, in June. In August 2018, the program moved to CNN as a weekly program on Saturday evenings.

Political views
Throughout her career, Cupp has described herself as a "mainstream conservative" and a supporter of "limited government, self-reliance, self-empowerment, lower taxes".

Although an atheist herself, on July 5, 2012, Cupp said on The Cycle that she "would never vote for an atheist president". When asked to explain, Cupp said she felt that a president must not represent only 10 to 15 percent of the American populace and that faith served as a "check" on presidential power.

In March 2013, Cupp pulled out of a CPAC appearance because of its stances on homosexuality and gay marriage, saying she "became increasingly uncomfortable [aligning] with an event, a great event in many ways, that had nonetheless attempted to marginalize a significant group of conservatives working on our behalf." She has since joined Young Conservatives for the Freedom to Marry. She has said that Republicans should be "natural allies" for same-sex marriage.

During Ron Paul's 2012 presidential campaign, Cupp criticized his non-interventionist foreign policy, saying the United States has an obligation to "[fight] brutal regimes and human rights abuses around the world".

Cupp was strongly critical of Donald Trump's presidency, saying "I don't know these Republicans [that support Trump]. This isn't what drew me to this party." She voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Cupp personally opposes abortion, but believes it should be legal and opposed the overturning of Roe v. Wade.

Personal life
Since 1995, Cupp has been an atheist, but has consistently stated that she is open to theism, and once said in an interview with C-SPAN, "I really aspire to be a person of faith some day."

Cupp met John Goodwin, a former chief of staff to Representative Raúl Labrador, at the 2008 Republican Convention, and they began dating in 2011. They married in November 2013, and have one son. In 2017, Goodwin became head of communications for The Weather Channel, and that year, the family moved from Washington, D.C., to Darien, Connecticut.

Works

See also
 New Yorkers in journalism

References

External links

1979 births
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
21st-century atheists
Activists from California
Activists from Massachusetts
American LGBT rights activists
American atheists
American ballerinas
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S. E. Cupp


, also known as Case Closed is a crime manga series. This comic is written by Gosho Aoyama. The series began in 1994. The manga series has been made into an anime television show. It has been on the air from 1996 to the present time.

Detective Conan is about a teenage detective named Shinichi Kudo, who is poisoned by an evil group called "The Black Organization". The poison was supposed to kill him. However, the poison instead turned him into a small child. Shinichi adopts a new identity as "Conan Edogawa", and lives with his girlfriend, Ran Mouri, and her father, Detective Kogoro Mori, under the pretense that his parents are away and unable to take care of him. As a child, Shinichi/Conan helps Kogorou solve murder cases, while trying to find the evil men who poisoned him, to steal the poison and create an antidote.

When Detective Conan first arrived in the United States, the name was changed to Case Closed in English for legal reasons that were never specified. Some of the character names were be changed as well. Shinichi had his first name changed to Jimmy. Ran Mori became Rachel Moore, while her father became Richard. Hiroshi had his first name changed to Hershel. Heiji Hattori became Harley Hartwell. Sonoko Suzuki became Serena Sebastian. Ai Haibara became Anita Hailey. However, Conan kept his Japanese name in English.

Outline
This is the reasoning comics describing a high school student detective solving many incidents. His name is Shinichi Kudo. The 17 year old changed to a small child's body because of poison by the Black Organization. The Black organization is an international crime organization and its main activity is assassination, trading, and inventing new drugs. The code names of the members are usually named after liquors. For example, Gin, Vodka, and Vermouth. Ai Haibara, who invented the drug Shinichi took, was a member of this organization but when she was locked in handcuffs, she took the same drug Shinichi took, and became a six year-old girl and escaped from them. Her old code name was Sherry.

Gadgets
Glasses
Detective Conan has huge glasses with non-vision-correcting lenses.  The glasses have many functions: radar, thermography, telescope, listening microphone, directional microphone.
Watch
With a tranquilizing gun function. This watch can only store one tranquilizing needle, so Conan must use it wisely.
Bow Tie
With a voice-changing function. Conan puts Richard to sleep with the tranquilizer watch and solves cases using his voice.
DB button/badge
DB means DETECTIVE BOYS. The micro transceiver is built in the button. The communication range is less than 20 km in radius.
Skateboard
With a turbo-engine function. Conan uses this to pursue criminals.
Shoes
The item reinforces his kick power. Conan can kick soccer balls in order to knock out the criminal.
Suspenders
With a stretch function. When Conan switches the suspenders on, the suspenders stretch and shrink freely.
 Button Speaker
 Wristwatch Flashlight

Characters
Shinichi Kudo/Conan Edogawa
The protagonist. He solves cases (mostly murders) as a first grader. His seventeen-year-old body was shrunk due to a poison created by the Black Organization. He use a wide array of gadgets to solve crimes.

Ran Mori
A high-school friend of Shinichi. Conan lives with her, and she is not aware of his true identity. She longs to see Shinichi again.

Kogoro Mori
Ran's father. He is a famous private detective, but his fame is due to Conan solving cases using his voice (via the Voice-Changing Bowtie).

Hiroshi Agasa
A plump doctor/professor who knows Conan's true identity and makes gadgets for him.

Ai Haibara
A former member of the Black Organization. Her body shrunk due to the same poison that Conan took.

Heiji Hattori
A rival high school detective who knows Conan's true identity and is called the "teen detective of the west"

Sonoko Suzuki
A boy-crazy friend of Ran's. Conan sometimes uses her voice to solve crimes instead of Kogoro's. She is also a big fan of KID, the phantom thief.

 Kaito Kuroba

Kaitou Kid (怪盗キッド Kaitō Kiddo, lit. Phantom Thief Kid) is the secret identity of the main character in the manga and anime franchise Magic Kaito, and a recurring character in the manga and anime franchise Detective Conan.

Black Organization
Boss (referred to as "That Person")
Gin
Vodka
Vermouth
Chianti
Korn
Bourbon
Kir
Rum

References

Other websites

Shogakukan, Detective Conan website
Gosho Aoyama website

Anime

Detective Conan


Frances Haugen (born 1983 or 1984) is an American product manager, data engineer and scientist, and whistleblower. She disclosed tens of thousands of Facebook's internal documents to the Securities and Exchange Commission and The Wall Street Journal in 2021.

Haugen has also testified before the United States Senate Commerce Committee's Sub-Committee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security, the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and the European Parliament. In 2023, her memoir, The Power of One: How I Found the Strength to Tell the Truth and Why I Blew the Whistle on Facebook, was published by Little, Brown & Company.

Early life and education

Haugen was raised in Iowa City, Iowa, where she attended Horn Elementary and Northwest Junior High School, and graduated from Iowa City West High School in 2002. Her father was a doctor, and her mother became an Episcopalian priest after an academic career.

Haugen studied electrical and computer engineering in the founding class at the Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering and graduated in 2006. She later earned a Master of Business Administration from Harvard Business School in 2011.

Career
In 2006, after graduating from college, Haugen was hired by Google, and worked on Google Ads, Google Book Search, on a class action litigation settlement related to Google's publication of copyrighted book content, as well as on Google+. At Google, Haugen co-authored a patent for a method of adjusting the ranking of search results. During her career at Google, she completed her MBA; her tuition was paid by Google. While at Google, she was a technical co-founder of the desktop dating app Secret Agent Cupid, precursor to the mobile app Hinge.

In 2015, she began work as a data product manager at Yelp to improve search using image recognition, and after a year, moved to Pinterest.

In 2019, Haugen joined Facebook, after a person close to her became radicalized online; she "felt compelled to take an active role in creating a better, less toxic Facebook" and thought "Facebook has the potential to bring out the best of us". When Facebook recruited her, she expressed interest in a role related to misinformation; in 2019 she became a product manager on the Facebook civic integrity team.

Following the 2020 United States elections, Facebook dissolved its civic integrity team, and Haugen became disillusioned. While still at Facebook, she decided to become a whistleblower, due to what she has since described as a pattern of Facebook's prioritization of profit over public safety, and left Facebook in May 2021.

In the spring of 2021, she contacted John Tye, a founder of the pro bono law firm Whistleblower Aid, for help; Tye agreed to represent her and to help protect her anonymity. In the late summer of 2021, Haugen began meeting with members of the United States Congress, including Senator Richard Blumenthal and Senator Marsha Blackburn.

The Facebook Files

Starting in September 2021, The Wall Street Journal published The Facebook Files: A Wall Street Journal Investigation, a series of news reports "based on a review of internal Facebook documents, including research reports, online employee discussions and drafts of presentations to senior management." The investigation, a multi-part series of nine reports, including an examination of rules exemptions for high-profile users, Facebook's impacts on youth, the impacts of its 2018 algorithm changes, weaknesses in Facebook's response to human trafficking and drug cartels, vaccine misinformation, followed by a profile article about Haugen, given that she had gathered the documents that supported the investigative reports.

Following the publication of the Wall Street Journal articles about Facebook's practices, the United States Senate Commerce Committee's Sub-Committee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security scheduled two hearings, with Antigone Davis, the global head of safety for Facebook, the first to be questioned, on September 30, 2021, Haugen, the hitherto-anonymous whistleblower, was questioned on October 5, 2021.

On October 3, 2021, Haugen disclosed her identity as the Facebook whistleblower when she appeared on 60 Minutes. During the interview, she discussed the Facebook program known as "Civic Integrity", which had been intended to curb misinformation and other threats to election security. The program was dissolved following the 2020 elections, which Haugen stated "really feels like a betrayal of democracy to me," and which she believed contributed to the 2021 United States Capitol attack. Haugen stated: "The thing I saw at Facebook over and over again was there were conflicts of interest between what was good for the public and what was good for Facebook. And Facebook, over and over again, chose to optimize for its own interests, like making more money."

Haugen had shared documents with members of the U.S. Congress and offices of various attorneys general, but not with the Federal Trade Commission. Facebook's market capitalization dropped by $6 billion within 24 hours of Haugen's 3 October 60 Minutes interview and after the October 4, 2021 2021 Facebook outage. Based on the leaked documents, Kevin Roose, writing for The New York Times, suggested Facebook might be a weaker social media company than it previously appeared to be.

After Haugen publicly disclosed her identity, Pierre Omidyar's philanthropic organization, Luminate Group, began to provide support to Haugen, including help with press and government relations in Europe.

Securities and Exchange Commission complaints
At least eight complaints were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by Haugen's attorneys, covering topics reported by The Wall Street Journal, and including how Facebook deals with political misinformation, hate speech, teenage mental health, human trafficking, the promotion of ethnic violence, preferential treatment of certain users, and its communications with investors. In a SEC whistleblower complaint, Haugen alleged Facebook had misled investors, given that they had misrepresented the progress they had made in tackling hate, violence and misinformation on the platform. The documents provided by Haugen to the SEC also pertained to Facebook's management of election-related misinformation in the United States after the November 2020 election.

Haugen's complaint included internal Facebook documents pertaining to Facebook management of misinformation and hate speech in India. The complaint stated that many users and pages associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) promoted fear-mongering and anti-Muslim narratives, with an intent to incite violence. She alleged that Facebook was well aware of the incendiary anti-Muslim narratives promoted in India. Haugen also asserted that the lack of Hindi and Bengali Facebook classifiers meant that corrective action on problematic posts was often neglected.

Public statements by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg are referenced in the SEC complaints filed by Haugen, along with her allegation that Zuckerberg is ultimately responsible as CEO, since he controlled Facebook. Various public statements by Zuckerberg, including his 2020 testimony before the U.S. Congress, appear to be inconsistent with internal Facebook documents submitted by Haugen. In February 2022, Whistleblower Aid filed two SEC complaints on behalf of Haugen, alleging "material misrepresentations and omissions in statements to investors" by Facebook, related to its efforts to address climate change misinformation and COVID misinformation, based on internal Facebook documents.

October 5, 2021 U.S. Congress testimony

On October 5, 2021, Haugen testified before the United States Senate Commerce Committee's Sub-Committee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security. A written version of her opening statement to the U.S. Senate subcommittee was published on October 4, 2021.

Haugen stated during the hearing, "The company's leadership knows how to make Facebook and Instagram safer, but won't make the necessary changes because they have put their astronomical profits before people. Congressional action is needed. They won't solve this crisis without your help." Haugen further discussed Myanmar and Ethiopia, stating Facebook is "literally fanning ethnic violence" when engagement-based ranking is deployed without functioning integrity and security systems. Haugen also indicated she is in communication with another U.S. congressional committee about issues related to espionage and disinformation, and a reason she has not shared documents with the Federal Trade Commission is because she believes Facebook systems will "continue to be dangerous even if they're broken up." After the hearing, Senator Richard Blumenthal, chair of the Commerce subcommittee, said Haugen "wants to fix Facebook, not burn it to the ground."

In the wake of Haugen's testimony, the response from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg that day included "Many of the claims don't make any sense. I think most of us just don't recognize the false picture of the company that is being painted", and "We're committed to doing the best work we can, but at some level the right body to assess trade-offs between social equities is our democratically elected Congress." A post-hearing statement from Lena Pietsch, Facebook's director of policy communications, included, "We agree on one thing. It's time to begin to create standard rules for the internet." Senator Blumenthal indicated he wanted Zuckerberg to testify before Congress regarding the documents disclosed by Haugen, and that the subcommittee might issue a subpoena to Facebook for more records.

State attorneys general actions
Documents disclosed by Haugen were shared with state attorneys general offices in California, Massachusetts, Vermont, Nebraska and Tennessee. On October 13, 2021, in response to disclosures made by Haugen to The Wall Street Journal, more than a dozen U.S. state attorneys general sent a letter to Facebook requesting information about the Facebook "XCheck system" that protects high-profile users and Facebook action against COVID-19 vaccine misinformation.

On November 12, 2021, Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost filed a lawsuit against Meta Platforms (formerly known as Facebook) on behalf of investors, alleging repeated false representations by executives, including chief executive Mark Zuckerberg, CFO David Wehner, and global affairs and communications executive Nick Clegg, about the safety of the platform, based on documents leaked by Haugen and documents collectively known as "The Facebook Papers". The lawsuit seeks over $100 billion in damages and for the company to implement reforms.

On November 18, 2021, a bipartisan group of state attorneys general announced a consumer protection investigation of Meta based on documents shared by Haugen. The investigation includes a focus on Instagram, how Meta promotes engagement, and possible harms to children and teenagers.

Additional actions

On October 6, 2021, Haugen's attorney John Tye said the legal team and Haugen are in communication with the Federal Trade Commission, as well as the European Parliament and the French Parliament. The United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol have confirmed plans to meet with Haugen.

On October 11, 2021, Facebook's Oversight Board, an external review panel which rules on select content moderation decisions of the company, announced that it would be speaking with Haugen about her experiences with the company and its practices. On October 21, 2021, Haugen met with the U.S. House Judiciary antitrust subcommittee chair David Cicilline and ranking member Ken Buck.

On October 25, 2021, Haugen testified before the Parliament of the United Kingdom. During her testimony, she advocated for government regulation of Facebook, and for Facebook to make changes.

On November 8, 2021, she appeared before the European Parliament in a hearing organized by the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. In a nearly three-hour hearing, she urged the Parliament debating the Digital Services Act to mandate social media platforms to operate transparently and not to create loopholes that Big Tech could exploit. Haugen said the DSA has "the potential to be a global gold standard" and an inspiration for other countries on safeguarding democracy on social media. She emphasized how linguistically diverse Europe could force the platforms to take a systemic approach to safety, rather than focus only on content moderation and on major languages.

On May 18, 2022, after the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union had reached a political agreement on the Digital Services Act, Haugen reappeared before the Parliament. She congratulated the EU lawmakers for the result and called for the European Commission and the member states to put a lot of effort into enforcing the DSA, so that it will not be "a dead letter".

In June 2022, Politico reported that Haugen plans to establish a non-profit organization called "Beyond the Screen" to enhance awareness of the harms of social media. The new organization will focus on litigation and investor-based strategies in order to provide legal and economic incentives for mitigating harms.

In October 2022, Haugen joined the Council for Responsible Social Media project launched by Issue One to address the negative mental, civic, and public health impacts of social media in the United States co-chaired by former House Democratic Caucus Leader Dick Gephardt and former Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey.

Memoir: The Power of One
In December 2021, Little, Brown & Company announced a book deal with Haugen for her memoir. In 2023, Haugen's memoir The Power of One: How I Found the Strength to Tell the Truth and Why I Blew the Whistle on Facebook was published by Little, Brown & Company. A review in The Washington Post by Bethany McLean states, "If all Haugen's book did was present her whistleblowing case (the legal merits of which have yet to be decided), it might still be an important part of the ongoing chronicling of how we allowed social media's dangers to creep up on us. But what really makes the book worth reading is the broader wisdom in her story (and the absence of the self-importance implied by the book's unfortunate title)."

Personal life
In 2011, Haugen was diagnosed with celiac disease, and in 2014 while going through a divorce, she had to be hospitalized in intensive care. In 2021, Haugen told The Guardian she was motivated to focus her work at Facebook on addressing misinformation because of her experience with losing a friend, who had been hired to help with household tasks during her recovery, after the friend visited online forums and became a proponent of conspiratorial beliefs that included white nationalism and the occult. After leaving Facebook, Haugen relocated to Puerto Rico, and has invested in a cryptocurrency company.

Haugen has Norwegian ancestry and was awarded an America-Norway Heritage Award from the Norway-America Association in 2022 for her work as a whistleblower.

See also
 Chris Hughes
Christopher Wylie – data consultant who prompted the 2018 Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
 Criticism of Facebook
Sean Parker
 Sophie Zhang (whistleblower) – former Facebook data analyst and whistleblower

References

External links

 Protecting Kids Online: Testimony from a Facebook Whistleblower (U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, October 5, 2021)
Facebook Whistleblower Frances Haugen Talking about Facebook Papers December 10, 2021, ZDF Magazin Royale

1980s births
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women scientists
American people of Norwegian descent
American whistleblowers
American women engineers
American lobbyists
Data engineers
Date of birth missing (living people)
Facebook criticisms and controversies
Facebook employees
Harvard Business School alumni
Living people
Olin College alumni
People from Iowa City, Iowa
Women data scientists
Data scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)

Frances Haugen


The Battle of South Mountain was fought on September 14, 1862 in Maryland's South Mountain between Confederate and Union forces. The Battle of South Mountain was a very important battle. It was the first major battle fought north of the Potomac River. It was the first invasion of the Northern United States by a Confederate Army. It was also here and not at Antietam where the Confederates under General Robert E. Lee were defeated and turned back. The day-long pitched battle was fought for control of the three passes through the mountain: Crampton's, Turner's, and Fox's Gaps.

Background
During the summer of 1862, the hopes of the Union that the rebellion could be easily crushed were quickly fading. In July, Major General George B. McClellan failed in his attempt to capture the Southern capital at Richmond, Virginia. Near the end of August, the Second Battle of Bull Run was another defeat for the Union. Shortly after the battle, Lee made his plans to invade the north. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland on September 4, 1862. Lee thought that if he took the Civil War to the Union states, a major victory might convince Great Britain and France to support the South. He also thought it would make the North sue for peace. This would insure the Confederate States of America could remain an independent country.

McClellan remained in command of the Army of the Potomac even though he had failed to support Major General John Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run. When Lee entered Maryland, in a rare exception to his usual slowness, McClellan moved more quickly to cut him off. Unknown to Lee at the time, a Union soldier had found a copy of Special Order 191. This was Lee's plan to split up his army. McClellan learned Lee had sent General Stonewall Jackson to attack and hold the Harpers Ferry Armory. The information gave McClellan the chance to destroy Lee's army while it was still weakened by Jackson's attack on Harpers Ferry. McClellan learned of Lee's plan on September 13. He boasted "Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home." He also sent a telegram to President Lincoln where he wrote, "I have all the plans of the rebels, and will catch them in their own trap if my men are equal to the emergency." But McClellan waited another 18 hours before acting. This delay allowed Lee more time to collect all the elements of his army. As Lee had moved into Maryland, he left detachments to guard two of the passes through South Mountain, Crampton's Gap and Turner's Gap. These were the two most important routes through the 50-mile long South Mountain. Had McClellan moved a little faster, he would have caught Lee's army scattered on the other side of the mountain.

The battle

On September 14, the battle took place on three gaps. A few Confederate regiments guarded the two northern gaps, Turner's and Fox's and Crampton's Gap to the south. The Union army advanced from the east and attacked in two waves. The first wave attacked Fox's Gap at about 9 am. Early in the afternoon the second wave hit both Fox's and Turner's Gaps at the same time. Crampton's Gap was attacked in the late afternoon.

The distance between Crampton's and Turner's Gaps is about six miles. The terrain between them made each part of the battle a separate fight. The fighting went on all day at Turner's Gap and all afternoon at Crampton's Gap. Turner's Gap was fought on a larger scale, was more costly and took longer than the other actions. This delaying action was also a large deception by the Confederate forces. The Union forces thought the mountain was swarming with Confederates when in fact only one division guarded the passes until later in the afternoon. Union forces could have easily swept them aside had they known how few there actually were.

McClellan's concentrating his attack on the Confederates on South Mountain meant he did not help the garrison at the Battle of Harpers Ferry. From having a copy of Lee's Special Order 191, McClellan knew Jackson was attacking the Union Forces at Harpers Ferry. What little help he did send arrived too late to prevent the surrender. It also gave Lee the time he needed to gather his forces together at Sharpsburg, Maryland. Had McClellan moved faster and more decisively, the costly Battle of Antietam might never have taken place. Confederate losses for the day amounted to 2,700 soldiers. The Union losses were 2,300 dead or wounded. The Confederates were able to delay McClellan's forces by fiercely defending the gaps. This gave Lee precious time to regroup and move on to Sharpsburg where the Battle of Antietam pitted the two armies against each other again. The battle of South Mountain, however, forced Lee to give up his plans for invading the North and caused him to have to defend his army.

Battlefield Preservation

The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 647 acres of the South Mountain battlefield.

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Battle of South Mountain (Fox's Gap) - September 14, 1862 (American Civil War), YouTube
 Special Order 191 - Perhaps The Greatest "What If" Of American Military History

American Civil War battles
1862 in the United States
Maryland Campaign
September 1862 events

Battle of South Mountain


Jason Lancaster is a singer-songwriter born in Tallahassee, Florida. He was the co-lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist in Mayday Parade as well as the lead vocalist/guitarist/pianist in Go Radio. Since Go Radio's breakup shortly after their participation in the Vans Warped Tour, Lancaster has pursued a solo career. He released his first self-titled album, As You Are, in 2014.

Lancaster in an article published by Alternative Press is quoted as saying:

I've finally reached a point of happiness that I couldn't possibly have hoped for in all my wildest expectations. I've reached a point where I've found a woman I love, who loves me in spite of all my faults (and trust me, there are many). I've got a family that is supportive, a future I can't wait to achieve, and a relationship with God ... Go Radio gave me an outlet to vent. It gave me a way to expose the things I meant, and a way to exorcise my personal demons while allowing me to still smile for all of you. I love you all and would never take back a moment that I've spent with any of you, but when it is time to move on we must. I've decided that it is, in fact, time for me to move on and I ask that you treat my decision with respect and courtesy.

On November 16, 2017, Lancaster released a worship album under the name Lncstr, entitled All the Things That Lead Us Home.

Discography
Solo
As You Are (2014)
All the Things That Lead Us Home (2017)
Say I'm What You Want (2020)

With Mayday Parade
Tales Told by Dead Friends (EP) (2006)
A Lesson in Romantics (2007)

With Go Radio
Welcome to Life (EP) (2008)
Do Overs and Second Chances (EP) (2010)
Lucky Street (2011)
Close the Distance (2012)

Compilations
Punk Goes Christmas (2013) with "All I Can Give You"

Collaborations
A Day to Remember – Homesick (2009) co-writing "Have Faith in Me"
 Set It Off – Duality (2014) guest vocals on "Tomorrow"
 Chasing Safety – Season of the Dead (2014) guest vocals on "Through Winters"

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
Musicians from Tallahassee, Florida
Singer-songwriters from Florida
Christians from Florida

Jason Lancaster


Atmospheric pressure is a force in an area pushed against a surface by the weight of the atmosphere of Earth, a layer of air.  The air is not distributed evenly around the globe.  It moves, and at different times, the layer of air is thicker in some places than in others.  Where the layer of air is thicker, there is more air.  Since there is more air, there is a higher pressure in that spot.  Where the layer of air is thinner, there is a lower atmospheric pressure.

At higher altitude, the atmospheric density and pressure are lower.  This is because high places do not have as much air above them, pushing down.

Barometers can be used to measure atmospheric pressure for meteorology. There is the same atmospheric pressure from all directions.  The  SI unit for pressure is hPa. Other units such as Bar (unit) and torr are used for various applications.

References

Other websites

 Atmospheric pressure Citizendium

Meteorology
Atmosphere

Atmospheric pressure


Zoë (and other such names) is a gender-neutral name which came from ancient Greece and means "life" in Greek. The pronunciation of the name is [ zoh-ee, zoh ]. This name was ranked #42 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

Some uses of the name are:

Real people
 Zoe Ball, British television presenter
 Zooey Deschanel, American actress/musician
 Zoe Karbonopsina (died c. 920), Byzantine empress
 Zoe (empress), Byzantine empress (c. 978–1050)
 Zoe Palaiologina, (c. 1455–April 7, 1503), wife of Tsar Ivan III of Russia
 Zoë (singer), English pop star who had a 1991 hit with "Sunshine On A Rainy Day"
 Zoey (singer), a J-Pop singer
 Zoe Cramond, New Zealand actress
 Zoe Saldaña, American actress

Fictional characters
 Zoë (Sluggy Freelance), a character from the Sluggy Freelance comic strip
 Zoë Castillo, a character from the computer game Dreamfall: The Longest Journey
 Zoé (Little Big Adventure), a character from Little Big Adventure video games
 Zoë, a character in the series Monarch of the Glen
 Zoë (All My Children), a character on the All My Children soap opera
 Zoe Reynolds a character played by Keeley Hawes in the BBC television series Spooks, (MI-5 in the United States)
 Zoe Orimoto, a character from Digimon Frontier
 Zoe Washburne, from the television series Firefly
 Zoe Trent, a character from Littlest Pet Shop
 Zoe, a character from Bluey
 Zoe Heriot, a character in the television series Doctor Who
 Zoë (Sesame Street), a Muppet
 Zoe MacPherson, a character from the Baby Blues comic strip
 Zoey (Pokémon)
 Zoey Brooks, main character on Zoey 101
 Zoey Hanson, Ichigo Momomiya's English dub name in Tokyo Mew Mew (Mew Mew Power)
 Zooey Glass, One of the principal characters in Franny and Zooey the dual stories published by J.D. Salinger in 1955

References

Given names

Zoe (name)


Dojran ( ) was a city on the west shore of Lake Dojran in the southeast part of North Macedonia. Today, it is a collective name for two villages  on the territory of the ruined city: Nov Dojran (New Dojran, settled from the end of World War I to World War II) and Star Dojran (Old Dojran), which contains both old ruins and recent construction, especially hotels, resorts, and restaurants. Dojran is  from Skopje,  from Strumica, and some  from Gevgelija. The nearest airports are Thessaloniki International Airport and Skopje Airport. The mayor of Dojran Municipality is currently Ango Angov. The old city of Dojran was totally ruined during the First World War, and the modern villages were established after the Second World War.

History

Dojran, primarily Star Dojran, was first settled in prehistoric times, and the first written record of the city was in the 5th century BC, when the Greek historian Herodotus wrote about the Paeonians, an ancient Thraco-Illyrian people, who started and expanded the city. Herodotus notes how the Paeonians lived in settlements accessible only by boats, settlements that still exist today on the west and north shores of Lake Dojran, in between the cane zones and the lake itself. The economy of Dojran has always been primarily dependent on fishing, and success in the business is attributed to the traditional ancient fishing method used by the fishermen.

Dojran was the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Thereafter it served as a titular see.

Ottoman rule
During Ottoman rule, Dojran (also known as Toyran) developed according to the Turkish model of an Islamic city. The upper part was profoundly impacted by Turkish influence, with narrow streets, whereas the lower part retained its Macedonian roots, crossed with wide streets and modern public buildings. Houses were usually two-storied, arranged amphitheatrically, with a view onto the lake. The style of architecture was so similar to that of Thessaloniki () that Dojran came to be known as "Little Solun" (). The bazaar, near Lake Dojran, had 300 shops and craft workshops. Many Turkish dignitaries settled there after being impressed by the beauty of the city.

Post-Ottoman time
Dojran is North Macedonia's part of the former municipality of Doyuran, which was divided in 1913 by the new borders created between Greek Macedonia and what was then south Serbia.

World War I devastated the city physically and economically; destroying many cultural monuments and the fishing business. The population was forced to desert the city to escape bombardment. After the war, the population returned and formed Nov Dojran. Today the two villages are seen as one town although most new buildings are located in Star Dojran, and are devoted to attracting tourism.  The old city had 5,000 inhabitants, while under city's control were the neighboring villages and with them the city's population amounts to 30,000 people.

Architecture
The Amam (Hamam) is a Turkish bath located in the upper part of the city, and in the past it was inhabited by the Turkish population. The year it was built is unknown and only parts of the tower remain. The Church of St. Ilija was built in 1874 in the northern part of the city. The current state of the church; fragments of paintings, suggests that the church walls were originally covered with frescoes. Dojran is also significant archaeologically due to numerous discoveries of accidental or systematic excavations including relief, marble plates with Greek inscriptions, remainders of walls, coins, and tombs with epitaphs.

References

External links

 dojran.info

Villages in Dojran Municipality
Greece–North Macedonia border crossings

Dojran


Robert Charvay, (5 March 1858 – 1925) is the pen name of Adrien Lefort, a French dramatist and journalist who
worked for the daily Écho de Paris, where he signed his papers with the nickname "The Yellow Dwarf".

He was the son of Charlotte Jeanne Judlin (1820–1883)  and the French lyrical singer Jules Lefort (1822–1898). His parents divorced in 1872.

His comedy Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman has been adapted four times on the screen:
Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme (1914) by André Liabel
Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme (1926) by Gaston Ravel
Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme (1933) by André Berthomieu
Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme (1951) by André Berthomieu

Dramatist
 Le Fiancé de Thylda, operetta buffa in 3 acts, written with Victor de Cottens, music by Louis Varney, 1900 ; remade under the title Le Voyage avant la noce
 L'Enfant du miracle, comedy buffa in 3 acts written with Paul Gavault, 1903
 Papa Mulot, three acts dramatic comedy, 1904
 Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman, four acts comedy written with Paul Gavault, 1906
 Monsieur Pickwick, burlesque comedy in five acts, 1911

External links
Charvay on Worldcat

20th-century French dramatists and playwrights
French journalists
Writers from Paris
1858 births
1925 deaths

Robert Charvay


Edward Allen "Eddie" Gisburne (June 14, 1892 – August 29, 1955) was a United States Navy officer and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his role in the battle which began the U.S. occupation of Veracruz, Mexico. He earned the medal as an enlisted man for ignoring heavy fire and his own severe injuries to drag a wounded marine to safety. Although he lost his left leg in the fight, he went on to complete two more terms of service with the Navy, one as a radio operator during World War I and another as a 50-year-old commissioned officer in World War II.

Early life and career
Born on June 14, 1892, in Providence, Rhode Island, Gisburne attended school in Quincy, Massachusetts. He came from a family with a tradition of naval service, with six generations having served in the Navy since the American Civil War. An only child, Gisburne's father died when he was 5, and his mother died months later. He eventually moved in with his paternal grandparents in Washington, D.C., where he lived for the next ten years. In 1910, he graduated from Washington's McKinley Manual Training School. He held a childhood interest in electricity and later wireless telegraphy which led to a career in radio technology.

After his graduation, Gisburne worked for an electrical company in Boston for a few months before finding work at the Boston Navy Yard. While there, he and a group of friends decided on a whim to join the Navy; Gisburne enlisted for a four-year term of service on August 30, 1910. He was first stationed as a signaler on the battleship  and then on the supply ship .

Veracruz and World War I
In early 1914, Gisburne, by then an electrician third class, was transferred to the  and became the battleship's chief radio operator. On April 21, 1914, in the midst of the ongoing Mexican Revolution, Florida was one of three U.S. Navy ships which landed a combined Navy and Marine Corps force at Veracruz, Mexico, in response to the Tampico Affair. The landings began a three-day battle which ended with U.S. occupation of the city.

Accompanying Florida'''s landing party, Gisburne and others made their way to the roof of Veracruz's Terminal Hotel in order to establish a communications station. When the position came under fire, a Marine Corps rifle squad was sent to provide protection. The first marine to reach the roof, Private Daniel A. Haggerty of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was almost immediately shot in the stomach and fell such that he was partially hanging off the roof. Gisburne himself was severely wounded in the legs, leaving him unable to walk. Despite this, he crawled through the continuous heavy fire to reach the unconscious Haggerty, pulled him fully onto the roof, and then dragged him to a place of shelter before falling unconscious himself. The two were found still sitting on the roof, with Haggerty dead in Gisburne's arms. Gisburne eventually recovered from his injuries, but his left leg had to be amputated at mid-thigh. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Veracruz two months after the battle, on June 15, and was discharged from the Navy after a further two months, on August 17.

Gisburne's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On board the U.S.S. Florida during the seizure of Vera Cruz, Mexico, 21 and 22 April 1914, and for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession during this action.

On April 5, 1917, exactly one day before the U.S. entered World War I by declaring war on Germany, Gisburne rejoined the Navy at the warrant officer rank of gunner (radio). Due to his missing leg, he had to get a waiver from the Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, before he could rejoin. He was promoted to the commissioned officer rank of ensign on January 12, 1918, and to lieutenant (junior grade) on December 5 of that year (retroactive to November 20). A radio operator, Gisburne handled communications for all cruisers and transports operating in the Atlantic Ocean during the war. He was serving on the transport  when it carried President Woodrow Wilson to Europe for the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Gisburne was given a medical retirement on August 9, 1920, two years after the end of the war.

Civilian life
After his first enlistment in the Navy, Gisburne settled in Milton, Massachusetts, where he would live for 35 years. He married Ena Frye of Boston and the couple had two sons, Edward Jr. and John. He held a number of jobs, including as a teacher of classes about radio at Boston College, a reporter for The Patriot Ledger'' in Quincy, and a district manager for the Boston Edison Company. He began a broadcasting career with Boston radio station WEEI in late 1927.  He started as an editor and, from 1928 through the 1930s, was an announcer. Gisburne was an avid golfer with the Wollaston Golf Club and participated in the Engineers Club of Boston. He was also active in civic affairs, becoming a member of the Milton Town Club and twice being elected to the Milton School Committee, in 1935 and 1938.

World War II and later years
Despite being both an amputee and 50 years old, Gisburne began a third stint in the Navy after the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a lieutenant at Naval Air Station Quonset Point in Rhode Island. Both of his sons also served in the war. The older son, Edward Jr., fought in the Pacific theater with the 40th Bombardment Group and earned the Air Medal for his actions in aerial combat with the Japanese; he was killed in action at age 29 on May 26, 1945, when his B-29 Superfortress went down.

Gisburne and his wife moved to Duxbury, Massachusetts, in 1950. He died at age 63 on August 29, 1955, at Chelsea Naval Hospital in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He was interred in a family plot at Milton Cemetery which also includes the grave of his wife Ena and a memorial marker for his son Edward Jr. He is one of two Medal of Honor recipients buried in the cemetery, the other being Indian Wars soldier Paul H. Weinert.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz)

References

External links

1892 births
1955 deaths
Military personnel from Rhode Island
People from Milton, Massachusetts
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
United States Navy officers
American amputees
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Navy personnel of World War II
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
Battle of Veracruz (1914) recipients of the Medal of Honor
Military personnel from Massachusetts

Edward A. Gisburne


"The Scofflaw" is the 99th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. It was the 13th episode for the sixth season. It aired on January 26, 1995. In this episode, George and Jerry both pretend to not know their friend Gary Fogel (played by Jon Lovitz) never had cancer, Elaine takes revenge on her ex-boyfriend by acquiring a pair of glasses identical to his, and Kramer teams up with a police officer to catch a repeat parking violator.

Plot
George runs into an old friend, Gary Fogel, who says he spent the last few months undergoing chemotherapy. Jerry tells George he knew about Gary's cancer but swore not to tell because George cannot keep secrets. Kramer sees Elaine's ex-boyfriend Jake Jarmel on TV and wants a pair of eyeglasses like his. Jake refuses to tell Kramer where he got them; he wants his to be unique. Kramer tells Elaine about the encounter. He mentions that he told Jake she said hi, which Elaine thinks eliminates her advantage in the "post-break up relationship". She confronts Jake at his book signing to tell him she did not say hi, but he points out that doing this is even more of a gesture than if she had actually said hi.

Kramer calls a litterbug a "pig". A cop behind him thinks Kramer called him a pig, which distracts him from arresting a driver, who then flees. Later, Kramer explains the misunderstanding to the police officer. The cop says he's spent years tracking a scofflaw who has racked up more parking tickets than anybody else in the city. The cop, who has an eyepatch, considers the scofflaw his "White Whale." Kramer decides to get an eyepatch like his. However, the patch impairs his vision.

George is bitter at Gary for not telling him about his cancer. To soothe things, Gary offers George a parking spot and tells him another secret: while doctors thought he had cancer, surgery revealed there was nothing wrong with him. George is stunned and compulsively tells Jerry. Jerry is angry because he bought Gary a gift certificate for baldness treatment out of sympathy. George insists that Jerry pretend he doesn't know so George can get his parking spot.

Gary gets a toupee, which gives him the confidence to talk to a quiet, beautiful woman who sits in a corner booth at Monk's Café. George takes Debby for a drive after Gary tells George she said hi to him. Debby tells George she didn't actually say hi, and is in love with Gary because of his supposed battle against cancer.

Elaine buys eyeglasses identical to Jake's from a man on the street, then taunts Jake with them in revenge for his perceived smugness. Afterward she gives the glasses to Mr. Lippman, who is starting a publishing company. At a book presentation, Jake is irate to see Lippman wearing the glasses, and attacks him. The man who sold his glasses to Elaine blindly walks across the street, causing a car accident. The police officer is distracted by the accident and loses his White Whale once again. Kramer recognizes Newman as the scofflaw, and convinces him to turn himself in. A traffic court judge rules that Newman's car must be kept in a garage, at his own expense, until his parking tickets are paid off.

Inspired by Gary's success with the woman in Monk's, George shops for a toupee. Jerry tags along to voice his disapproval for the idea. Gary arrives, needing a readjustment to his "rug"; he says he can't give the parking spot to George because the judge needs it for Newman's car. George gives Jerry the okay to stop pretending and he confronts Gary, ripping the toupee off his head. Later on, George, wearing a toupee, arrives at Monk's and gets the attention of a beautiful woman.

Production
Jerry Seinfeld had once heard Keith Richards say "How's your life? All right?", and added it to George's dialogue. Kramer's line "I want to be a pirate," a callback to "The Puffy Shirt", was added to the scene between takes.

References

External links

Seinfeld (season 6) episodes
1995 American television episodes

The Scofflaw


Sir Henry Stuart Jones, FBA (15 May 1867 – 29 June 1939) was a British academic. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford; he obtained a First in Classical Moderations in 1888 and a First in Literae Humaniores ('Greats', a combination of philosophy and ancient history) in 1890. He was appointed to a Fellowship at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1897.

From 1903 to 1905, he was Director of the British School at Rome and, in 1920, moved from Trinity to Brasenose College to take up the post of Camden Professor of Ancient History which he held until 1927 when he took up a series of Welsh academic posts listed below. Originally, Stuart was his second forename, but he and his wife generally prefixed it to their surname, and he was knighted in 1933 under the name Stuart-Jones.

Career
He attended the British School at Athens and later served as director of the British School at Rome.

For Oxford University Press, Stuart Jones edited Thucydides' Historiae, the history of the Peloponnesian War, in two volumes. The first volume was published in 1900, the second in the next year. This work is still in print more than a century later, in the edition revised by Enoch Powell.

Stuart Jones began in 1911 the revision of A Greek-English Lexicon, the standard dictionary of ancient Greek, with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie.  A preliminary edition was published under the supervision of Stuart Jones and McKenzie in 1925, but the completed revision was published by Oxford University Press in 1940 only after both men's deaths. In a preface to the revision, the Press described Stuart Jones in these terms:

Sir Henry was the ideal Editor; his wide range of knowledge and his exact scholarship, his persistent devotion to his task even in periods of ill health, his tactful assiduity in consulting experts and his skill in co-ordinating their results, gave the work at once its consistency and its elasticity.

Stuart Jones began his relationship with Wales when, in 1927, he became a candidate for the principalship of the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth. His tenure in Wales would prove to be an enthusiastic one: during his time there, he learned the Welsh language and served on the committees of a number of Welsh institutions, including the council of St David's College, Lampeter, as well as Trinity College, Carmarthen, and the National Library of Wales. He also served as vice-chancellor of the federal University of Wales in 1929 and 1930. He was also elected (in 1928) to a Welsh Supernumerary Fellowship of Jesus College, Oxford in his capacity as Principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.

He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 1920 to 1922.

Death
He died on 29 June 1939, aged 72.

References

External links

Publications of Sir Henry Stuart Jones

1867 births
1939 deaths
British classical scholars
Historians of antiquity
British lexicographers
Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford
Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford
People associated with the University of Wales, Lampeter
People associated with Trinity University College
People associated with the University of Wales
People educated at Rossall School
Camden Professors of Ancient History
Vice-Chancellors of Aberystwyth University
Fellows of the British Academy
Knights Bachelor
Governors of Abingdon School
Presidents of The Roman Society

Henry Stuart Jones


Sweden was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005 in Hasselt, Belgium by M+ with "Gränslös kärlek". The duo of Maria Chabo and Maria Josefson were the winner of Lilla Melodifestivalen 2005, used to select the Swedish entry for the contest.

Before Junior Eurovision

Lilla Melodifestivalen 2005
Organised by Swedish broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), Lilla Melodifestivalen 2005 was the national selection used to select the Swedish entry to the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005. After much deliberation by SVT on what date to host the show, it was finally decided to host it on 7 October 2005.

The show was hosted by singer Nanne Grönvall and comedian Shan Atci. The votes of five regional juries and televoting selected the winner from the ten competing songs selected from the 1400 songs submitted to SVT to compete.

At Junior Eurovision
On the night of the contest, held in Hasselt in Belgium, M+ performed 6th in the running order of the contest, following United Kingdom and preceding Russia. At the close of the voting "Gränslös kärlek" received 22 points, placing 15th of the 16 competing entries.

Voting

Notes

References

External links
Lilla Melodifestivalen 2005 Sveriges Television

Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Sweden
2005

Sweden in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005