David Wild (born December 16, 1961) is an American writer and critic in the music and television industries and a contributing editor at Rolling Stone magazine. His published books include Friends: The Official Companion (1995), Seinfeld: The Totally Unauthorized Tribute (1998), Friends 'til the end (2004), and others.

Wild hosted the television series Musicians, which aired on Bravo! in 2001. His writing credits for television include over two dozen series and specials. In 2001, he was nominated for an Emmy for his work on America: A Tribute to Heroes. Wild has written for the Grammy Awards since 2001, and became a producer for the show in 2016.

Wild is an alumnus of Cornell University.

Wild was a frequent guest on The Adam Carolla Show, usually bringing a musical guest or a musical selection to feature on the show.

In early 2022, the Naked Lunch podcast was announced, featuring Phil Rosenthal and Wild. Brad Paisley, a longtime friend of Wild's, recorded the theme song for the show, which debuted officially on May 12, 2022 with Paisley as the first guest. To date, Rosenthal and Wild have welcomed a wide range of guests, including Graham Nash, Susanna Hoffs, Keanu Reeves with his band Dogstar, Peter Frampton, Jimmy Kimmel and others.

Books

References

External links
David Wild on Huffington Post

American music critics
Living people
Cornell University alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
1961 births
American male non-fiction writers
Loomis Chaffee School alumni

David Wild


The Journal of Asian American Studies is a triannual academic journal established in 1998 and is the official publication of the Association for Asian American Studies. The journal publishes scholarly articles exploring theoretical developments, research interests, policy and pedagogical issues. It also includes reviews of books and other media that relate to the Asian American experience. The journal is published by the Johns Hopkins University Press and the editor-in-chief is Huping Ling (Truman State University).

External links

Journal of Asian American Studies at Project Muse

Academic journals established in 1998
Triannual journals
Cultural journals
English-language journals
Johns Hopkins University Press academic journals
Asian-American mass media

Journal of Asian American Studies


Dragonlance: The New Adventures is a series of young adult novels based on the long-running adult fantasy book series, Dragonlance. The series is published by Mirrorstone Books, the young reader imprint of Wizards of the Coast. Launched in July 2004 with the release of its first two books, Dragonlance: The New Adventures continues to release new books on a bimonthly schedule.

The series begins in the summer after the events of the Dragonlance Chronicles trilogy by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. Written by a recurring group of authors and featuring all new characters created specifically for The New Adventures, the series begins when a young girl named Nearra wakes up on a forest path with no idea how she got there, and no memory of who she is. She is soon joined by several new friends who plan to unravel the mystery behind her missing memories. Together these new companions begin a journey across the lands of Krynn that will test them to their limits as they deal with the trials of growing up in a harsh world filled with mystical beasts and power hungry villains.

The first eight books of the series begin and finish the first story arc for the series. After the eighth volume, the series introduced several trilogies that focus on one or a few of the original cast of characters as they set out on separate adventures. With the five trilogies finished, the Dragon Codices give previously minor characters a time to shine in ten different volumes detailing adventures with the various colored dragons of Krynn.

Books

Spellbinder and Dragon Quartets
The series begins following the end of Dragonlance Chronicles. These two quartets take place from Summer 353 AC through Spring 355 AC.
Awakening with no memory of who she is, a seemingly normal peasant girl named Nearra finds herself lost in the woods with no clue how she came to arrive there. She soon befriends several other young adventurers, who vow to help her solve the mystery of her lost memories. As the books unravel, Nearra discovers not all of her friends are who they at first appear to be as she learns that she has been drawn into the intricate plans of a black-robed wizard named Maddoc, who intends to release an ancient power that now makes its home in Nearra herself.
 Temple of the Dragonslayer (July 2004)
 The Dying Kingdom (July 2004)
 The Dragon Well (September 2004)
 Return of the Sorceress (November 2004)
 Dragon Sword (January 2005)
 Dragon Day (March 2005)
 Dragon Knight (May 2005)
 Dragon Spell (July 2005)

Trinistyr Trilogy
This trilogy's story begins after the end of the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets and takes place at the same time as the Elidor Trilogy, from Spring 355 AC through the beginning of Fall 355 AC.
Reunited with her sister, Nearra is tasked with breaking a curse placed on an ancient holy relic called the Trinistyr, a curse that has kept her family from using magic for centuries. With Davyn, her sister, and new friends by her side, Nearra must travel the lands of Krynn and relive the tortures inflicted upon ancient wizards by a long dead ancestor, while a pair of elf mages and a 400-year-old dark cleric stalk her at every turn.
 Wizard's Curse (September 2005)
 Wizard's Betrayal (January 2006)
 Wizard's Return (May 2006)

Elidor Trilogy
This trilogy's story begins after the end of the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets. and takes place at the same time as the Trinsityr Trilogy, from Spring 355 AC through the beginning of Fall 355 AC.
After becoming an unwitting experiment to dark magic, elf thief Elidor becomes the target of an undead king who wants an enchanted crown that now sits upon the elf's brow. With Catriona, Sindri, and new companions by his side, Elidor must head to the homes he spent years running from to protect his family and friends from the undead king intent on destroy everything and everyone Elidor has ever loved.
 Crown of Thieves (November 2005)
 The Crystal Chalice (March 2006)
 City of Fortune (July 2006)

A Practical Guide to Dragons
This book was written by Sindri Suncatcher during his six-month stay at Cairngorn Keep, after the events of the  Elidor Trilogy and before the beginning of his new adventures in the Suncatcher Trilogy.
Sindri Suncatcher details his vast (and questionable) knowledge of the dragons of Krynn in this hardcover, illustrated encyclopedia written for his family back in his hometown of Weavewillow, near Kendermore. (October 2006)

Suncatcher Trilogy
This trilogy's story begins after the end of both the Trinistyr Trilogy  and the  Elidor Trilogy. It takes place at the same time as the  Goodlund Trilogy  and the Elements Trilogy, during 356 AC.
Inexplicable kender wizard Sindri Suncatcher must discover the secrets behind his powers before dark forces can hunt down and destroy him.
 The Wayward Wizard (September 2006)
 The Ebony Eye (March 2007)
 The Stolen Sun (September 2007)

Goodlund Trilogy
This trilogy's story begins after the end of both the Trinistyr Trilogy  and the  Elidor Trilogy. It takes place at the same time as the  Suncatcher Trilogy  and the Elements Trilogy, during 356 AC
Failed knight Catriona Goodlund returns to her homeland to find everything she's ever loved destroyed. Now, she must battle to discover the truth behind the destruction.
 Warrior's Heart (November 2006)
 Warrior's Blood (May 2007)
 Warrior's Bones (November 2007)

Elements Trilogy
This trilogy's story begins after the end of both the Trinistyr Trilogy  and the  Elidor Trilogy. It takes place at the same time as the  Suncatcher Trilogy  and the Goodlund Trilogy, during 356 AC
Nearra and her sister, Jirah, head to Palanthas so that Nearra can take her wizard's test and become a full-fledged white-robed mage.  But nothing goes smoothly when Nearra's test takes she, her sister, and new friends across the world as they try to stop a centuries-old evil plot.
 Pillar of Flame (January 2007)
 Queen of the Sea (July 2007)
 Tempest's Vow (April 2008)

The Dragon Codices
These A Practical Guide to Dragons adventures take place after the Suncatcher, Goodlund and Elements trilogies, around 356 and 357 AC.
R.D. Henham, a scribe in the Great Library of Palanthas, has decided to tell ten tales of the ten different color dragons of Krynn, inspired by Sindri Suncatcher's A Practical Guide to Dragons.  As Sindri travels the world and sends notes to Palanthas on the dragon tales he's uncovered, R.D. Henham and his fellow scribes set about turning Sindri's notes on the dragons and those who encounter them into adventurous hardcover books for the entire world to read.
 Red Dragon Codex (January 2008)
 Bronze Dragon Codex (July 2008)
 Black Dragon Codex (October 2008)
 Brass Dragon Codex (February 2009)
 Green Dragon Codex (June 2009)
 Silver Dragon Codex (September 2009)
 Gold Dragon Codex (January 2010)

Creators

Authors
Stan Brown
 Dragon Quartet, Vol. 6: Dragon Day
Amie Rose Rotruck
 Bronze Dragon Codex as R.D. Henham
Rebecca Shelley
 Red Dragon Codex as R.D. Henham
 Brass Dragon Codex as R.D. Henham
Jeff Sampson
 Dragon Quartet, Vol. 8: Dragon Spell
 Trinistyr Trilogy, Vol. 2: Wizard's Betrayal
 Suncatcher Trilogy, Vol. 1: The Wayward Wizard
 Suncatcher Trilogy, Vol. 2: The Ebony Eye
 Suncatcher Trilogy, Vol. 3: The Stolen Sun
Ree Soesbee
 Dragon Quartet, Vol. 5: Dragon Sword
 Elidor Trilogy, Vol. 1: Crown of Thieves
 Elidor Trilogy, Vol. 2: The Crystal Chalice
 Elidor Trilogy, Vol. 3: City of Fortune
 Elements Trilogy, Vol. 1: Pillar of Flame
 Elements Trilogy, Vol. 2: Queen of the Sea
 Elements Trilogy, Vol. 3: Tempest's Vow
 Black Dragon Codex as R.D. Henham
Stephen D. Sullivan
 Spellbinder Quartet, Vol. 2: The Dying Kingdom
 Goodlund Trilogy, Vol. 1: Warrior's Heart
 Goodlund Trilogy, Vol. 2: Warrior's Blood
 Goodlund Trilogy, Vol. 3: Warrior's Bones
Tim Waggoner
 Spellbinder Quartet, Vol. 1: Temple of the Dragonslayer
 Spellbinder Quartet, Vol. 4: Return of the Sorceress
Dan Willis
 Spellbinder Quartet, Vol. 3: The Dragon Well
 Dragon Quartet, Vol. 7: Dragon Knight
 Trinistyr Trilogy, Vol. 3: Wizard's Return
Christina Woods
 Trinistyr Trilogy, Vol. 1: Wizard's Curse

Illustrators
Dennis Kauth (cartography)
Vinod Rams (cover and interior art)

Characters

Main characters

 Nearra  Nearra begins the series as a 15-year-old peasant girl. Her life is perfectly normal until she goes to work for the black-robed wizard Maddock, a wizard who has chosen her to be the host for the soul of the long-dead evil sorceress Asvoria. She makes many friends in the effort to restore her lost memory, and they will do anything to expel Asvoria from her body and bring Nearra back, especially Davyn. She later gains her memory and soul back and becomes an aspiring mage.Featured in the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets , the Trinistyr Trilogy, and the Elements Trilogy.

 Davyn  Davyn is a ranger and the adopted son of the wizard Maddoc. Though the 15-year-old was working  with his father in his quest to unleash Asvoria's soul, Davyn soon discovers secrets about himself  that will change his destiny forever.Featured in the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets , the Trinistyr Trilogy , and the Suncatcher Trilogy.

 Elidor  Elidor is a charming half-silvanesti, half-kagonesti elf. Shunned by his elitist noble family for being less than "pure" Elidor set out on his own, only to be roped into Nearra's quest—a quest leading him back to places he never expected to go. He died when Asvoria was released, but through Maddoc's intervention he was brought back to life once more. Featured in the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets and the Elidor Trilogy.

 Catriona  Catriona is a natural born fighter who was squired to her aunt in training to be a knight. Cast out of the Solamnic Knight at age 17 for failing to save her aunt from death at the hand of some rogues, she set out on a journey to redeem herself in both her eyes and the eyes of the Knights. It's not long before she meets Nearra, a girl under a dark spell who needs her help. She vows to aid Nearra in restoring her memory, but this vow conflicts with her vow to keep Sindri safe. In Dying Kingdom, Catriona meets a handsome prince by the name of Alric Arngrim, later falling in love with him. During Dragon Sword, Catriona swears herself to Maddoc. Later on in the series, however, it is shown that she once more distrusts Maddoc and the purity of his intentions toward her companions.Featured in the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets, the Elidor Trilogy, and the Goodlund Trilogy.

 Sindri Suncatcher  Sindri, like all kender, is small, endlessly energized, and dangerously curious. Unlike most kender, Sindri thinks he is destined to be a great wizard, even though kender are not supposed to be capable of magic. Though he begins the series as an untrained and slightly delusional "wizard," he and his friends soon find his impossible destiny may not be so impossible after all. His magic comes from the spirit of a dragon he meets in the forests near Set-Ai's village. Featured in the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets, the Elidor Trilogy, and the Suncatcher Trilogy.

Other main characters
 Maddoc  Maddoc is the black-robed wizard that set in motion the events that brought all of the characters together.  Willing to do anything—and use anyone—in his quest to learn more about magic, he was at first seen as a villain.  Later, he became an ally to the heroes—though how long that will last remains to be seen ... He takes Sindri as an apprentice and tries to teach him magic.Featured in the Spellbinder & Dragon Quartets , the" Elidor Trilogy ", and the Suncatcher Trilogy.

 Jirah  Jirah is the overlooked younger sister of Nearra.  Told by their father that she was destined to be the one to break their family curse and become a great wizard, she was devastated to learn that it was in fact Nearra who held this destiny.  Though at first determined to steal this destiny from her sister, Jirah now works to discover who she is meant to be while escaping the shadow cast by her older sister.Featured in the Dragon Quartet , the Trinistyr Trilogy , and the Elements Trilogy.

 Rina  Rinalasha Lelaynar is Elidor's younger sister. Despite being fully Silvanesti and being raised to despise her half-breed older brother, she took it upon herself to seek him out and learn who he truly was before passing judgment.  Instead, she found herself traveling with Davyn, and the two have since become inseparable. When she discovers Elidor is dead, she takes it upon herself to avenge his death and kill the one who 'murdered' him. Featured in the Dragon Quartet , and the Elidor Trilogy , and the  Trinistyr Trilogy , and the Suncatcher Trilogy.

 Rohawn  Rohawn, originally a squire to the knight, Corrigan, a brilliant strategist, but upon losing his knight to an evil power mad elf wizard, Gieden, Rohawn continues his training under Catriona. He meets Rina, and starts to like her more and more, but doesn't admit it before she leaves the group. Rohawn uses the famous Scotsman blade the Claymore. Featured in the Elidor Trilogy , and the  Goodlund Trilogry.

 Kaja and Kelethe  The twin sisters are from Elidor's town, and join the fight to keep Elidor from dying, again. Originally on Elidor's side, Kaja, a priestess, betrays him to get revenge on the Northern Star, and rejoins the group. Kelethe, a bard wielding a rapier, stays with the group, and helps them until the shocking ending of the Elidor Trilogy.  Featured in the Elidor Trilogy.

 Oddvar  Maddoc's number one man, well dwarf, he chases Maddoc's stepson, Davyn, until, he leaves to work odd jobs before enlisted in Davyn's party to lead them to the Dragon Knight.  Featured in the Spellbinders Quartet , and the Dragon Knight.

 Goblin Man  Maddoc's old friend, also a black mage, but of a lesser stat, he too helped in the study of Asvoria, but more on her shape shifter Ophion.  While trying to become a shape shifter, he underwent many failing experiments with goblins, finally giving up he remained in solitude as the goblin man, keeping little contact with Maddoc.  Featured in the Dragon Spell , and the Suncatcher Trilogy.

 Icefire  A singing captain mage, who has links to past wizards, and a power mad elf after godhood. He will help Nearra, in her quest to restore power to the Trinistyr. But not without many quarrels with Davyn.  Featured in the Trinystyr Trilogy.

 Bem and Tu  Icefire's first and second mates, they are also brother and sister, the strong and capable fighter, Bem is always ready for pirates, or any other obstacle they meet on the ocean. Tu, a strong willed, and beautiful warrior, captains the ship through most of the Trinistyr Trilogy.  Featured in the Trinystyr Trilogy.

 Raedon  A copper dragon who fights with an evil dragon named Slean, and helps Nearra and the group reach the holy temple of stars, also fights Asvoria, before his soul is shattered by Asvoria's shape shifter, and body possessed by Asvoria.  Featured in the spellbinders , and the  Dragon Quartet.

 Slean  An evil green dragon, who causes the group many troubles, during their journey to the holy temple of stars. This green dragon breathes deadly chlorine gas.  Featured in the Spellbinders Quartet.

 Vael  Elidor's love, who is the only champion of Elidor's home town. She fights alongside Elidor, before being poisoned by an evil lich elf mage.  Featured in the Dragon Sword , and the  Elidor Trilogy.

 Set-ai  An age old warrior, he trains Davyn and the group how to fight better. He teaches Elidor how to barely use a bow, Catriona to use dragonclaws, and Davyn to become a better shot and leader. In a later book his left arm is amputated in order for him to stay alive.  Featured in the Dragon Well , and the  Dragon Knight .

 Keene Waverider  Like most kender he is charming, sly, and in his mind totally innocent. He is great friends with Icefire and rides boats with him. He loves adventures (like most kender in their Wanderlust stage). Keene becomes even closer with Jirah and shows her just how much he cares.  Featured in the Trinystyr Tilogy.

 Koi Fearbreaker  This kender is different and yet the same. She realizes that the kender lack of fear is what kills most kender. She wants to be able to be afraid. She has battled a dragon, stolen from it after waking it up, and gets upset when she isn't scared. Nearra and company try to help her out. She is engaged to Sindri.  Featured in the Elements Trilogy.

 Erikoff  He is an orange robed mage who is devoted to Catriona and her gang or friends. He isn't a great and famous mage...yet... He has the power of fire. What this mage doesn't know is that he is part of an evil plot.  Featured in the Goodlund Tilogy.

 Tayt  A young girl who originally did not possess magic. She gained her magical ability from an artifact that grants the user magic. However, without the necklace, the user would be unable to perform any magic. Tayt, had to start over with a gift of magic from a dragon.  Featured in the Suncatcher Trilogy.

 Alric The heir to the ghost city Arngrim. On their journey, Nearra, Dayvn, Elidor Catriona, and Sindri are invited into the city by Alric. Catriona finds herself captivated by the young prince's charms, as he is by her. Sadly, Alric is lost in a magical vortex while trying to save the companions (but particularly Catriona's) lives.  Featured in The Dying City.

Background
Author Tim Waggoner said that Wizards of the Coast wanted to start a new young adult series of books in the Dragonlance world, but did not know any authors who wrote that genre.  They selected him because he had previously written young adult short stories.  Waggoner was given significant creative control, and designed most of the overarching story for the series.

Reception

See also

Dragonlance
Krynn

References

External links
Wizards.com

Book series introduced in 2004
Dragonlance novel series
Novel series
Young adult fantasy novels

Dragonlance: The New Adventures


Towie Castle was a 17th-century tower house, about  south-west Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, south of the river Don.

History
The property belonged to Clan Forbes.  There may have been an earlier castle.

Towie Castle may have been the castle burnt by Adam Gordon of Auchindoun, resulting in the deaths of Lady Forbes, her children, and numerous others, and giving rise to the ballad Edom o Gordon, although this is often related to Corgarff Castle.

The castle was built after 1618; and is thought to have been unfinished.  It is said that the tunnels and battlements were said removed in 1788, and the building altered.
Ruins of the castle were removed in 1968, with the last remains being removed by Grampian Regional Council in the 1980s.

Structure
Towie Castle was an L-plan tower house, three storeys high; there were corbelled-out bartizans
Towie Castle was originally an oblong main building; the western end cellar and a tower projecting from the east end of the south front alone survived to at least 1942.  The masonry of the tower is regarded as typical of the 16th or 17th century.

See also
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in Scotland

References

Castles in Aberdeenshire

Towie Castle


Randall Keith Champion (born September 19, 1959, in Granite City, Illinois, United States) is an American baseball executive. Previously, he scouted for Major League Baseball teams and played, coached and managed in the minor leagues.

Prior to playing professionally, Champion attended Missouri State University. From 1982 to 1984, Champion played in the St. Louis Cardinals farm system. He was a catcher.

After his playing career, he was a coach for the Savannah Cardinals in 1985, Springfield Cardinals in 1986 and Arkansas Travelers in 1987. He managed 7 seasons, the Savannah Cardinals from 1988 & 1989, the Springfield Cardinals in 1990, the AZL Cardinals in 1991, San Diego's Waterloo Diamonds in 1992, Rancho Cucamonga Quakes in 1993 and the Wichita Wranglers in 1994.

Champion was an advance scout for the Chicago Cubs from 1995 to 1999 and a Special Assistant to the General Manager from 2000 to 2006. He was then a scout for the Boston Red Sox in 2007 & 2008 and in 2009 to 2011 he served as a Special Assistant to the General Manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates. He is now the advance scout for the San Francisco Giants.

His brother, Kirk Champion is a coach with the Chicago White Sox.

References

Living people
1959 births
Minor league baseball players
Minor league baseball managers
Minor league baseball coaches
Chicago Cubs scouts
Chicago Cubs executives
Boston Red Sox scouts
Pittsburgh Pirates scouts
San Francisco Giants scouts

Keith Champion


Eva-Maria Gradwohl (born March 29, 1973 in Weiz) is a retired Austrian long-distance and marathon runner. She is also four-time Austrian national champion in half-marathon, three-time in marathon, and two-time in 10-km road run. In 2010 Gradwohl retired from her sporting career, after refusing to take a doping test; according to NADA director Andreas Schwab, refusing to undergo a doping test was considered a positive test, and would be an obvious breach of the rules imposed in every sporting competition.

Biography

Gradwohl started her sporting career as a cyclist, until she began long-distance running at the Vienna Marathon. In 2002, she won her first national championship title in the Wachau Marathon, with a time of 1:14:47 for the half-marathon race, in addition to her personal best of 1:13:25, and two other titles in Vienna for the following year.
She had also won medals in numerous marathon races, including silver at the Stockholm Marathon in 2006, and gold at the Linz Marathon in 2008, beating her personal best time of 2:30:51. Gradwohl did not only set a national record for her best possible time, but also reached a qualifying standard time of 2:33:00, which made her eligible to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

At age thirty-five, Gradwohl made her official Olympic debut, and competed in the women's marathon. She ran and finished the race in fifty-seventh place, with a time of 2:44:24, just fourteen minutes behind her personal best set in Linz. In the following year, Gradwohl continued her winning streak at the Florence and Linz marathon.

Doping scandal
On April 29, 2010, Gradwohl retired from her sporting career, after refusing to take a doping test, while on a vacation with her friends in Croatia. According to NADA director Andreas Schwab, refusing to undergo a doping test was considered a positive test, and would be an obvious breach of the rules imposed in every sporting competition. Gradwohl later admitted to the media reports that she was heavily involved in a personal relationship with former Nordic skiing coach Walter Mayer, who had been banned by the International Olympic Committee for a blood-doping scandal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, and also, for his alleged role in another doping scandal that rocked the Austrian national team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.

References

External links

 NBC 2008 Olympics profile

Austrian female long-distance runners
Austrian female marathon runners
Austrian sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in athletics
Living people
Olympic athletes for Austria
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
People from Weiz District
1973 births
Sportspeople from Styria

Eva-Maria Gradwohl


The Hauran Druze Rebellion was a violent Druze uprising against Ottoman authority in the Syrian province, which erupted in 1909. The rebellion was led by the al-Atrash family, in an aim to gain independence, but ended in brutal suppression of the Druze, significant depopulation of the Hauran region and execution of the Druze leaders.

Background

The Hauran is a volcanic plateau, located in southwestern Syria and extending into the northwestern corner of modern-day Jordan. The area includes the Golan Heights on the west, and is bounded there by the Jordan Rift Valley; it also includes Jabal ad-Duruz area in the east, and is bounded there by more arid steppe and desert terrains.

With the advent of the Ottoman Turks and the conquest of Syria by Sultan Selim I in 1516, the Druze Ma'ans were acknowledged by the new rulers as the feudal lords of southern mount Lebanon. Druze villages spread and prospered in that region, which under Ma'an leadership so flourished that it acquired the generic term of Jabal Bayt-Ma'an (the mountain of the Ma'an family) or Jabal al-Druze. The latter title has since been usurped by the Hauran region, which since the middle of the 19th century has proven a haven of refuge to Druze emigrants from Mount Lebanon, and has become the headquarters of Druze power  The Druze family of Al-Atrash had nominally governed the region of Suwayda since 1879. Following the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, the spread of taxation, elections and conscription, to areas already undergoing economic change caused by the construction of new railroads, provoked large revolts, particularly among the Druzes of the Hauran.

Rebellion

The rebellion in Hauran erupted in May 1909, when a business dispute between Druze chief Yahia bey Atrash in the village of Busra al-Harir escalated into a clash of arms between the Druze and Ottoman-backed local villagers. A year of truce attempts followed, but failed to achieve any stability in the area and prompting an Ottoman response.

Sami Pasha al-Farouqi arrived in Damascus in August 1910, leading an Ottoman expeditionary force of some 35 battalions, and began advancing on Druze positions on 18 or 19 September. the first battle took place on 1-2 October, where the Druze were compelled to retreat. A second battle was fought on 12 October, where the government won another victory. By 8 November, the rebellion had disintegrated.

Sami Pasha al-Farouqi arrived in Damascus in August 1910, leading an Ottoman expeditionary force of some 35 battalions, Though the Druze recognized their inferiority against such a force, several clashes followed. Zuqan al-Atrash led a fierce battle against the Ottomans near al-Kafr, where he faced the forces of Sami Pasha al-Farouqi. After engaging Ottoman troops in two villages the Druze resistance collapsed.

Sami Pasha used military force and trickery and succeeded in occupying the whole Jabal el-Druze. The rebellion ended with massive casualties among the Druze inhabitants of the Hauran, reaching as much as 10% of the population. The number of killed is put at 2,000 with a similar number of wounded and hundreds of imprisoned, taken into custody in Damascus and Acre. This led to significant depopulation of entire areas within the region. Zuqan, the leader of the revolt, was captured and later executed in 1911 (some sources place his execution in 1910).

Aftermath

Following the collapse of the Druze revolt, al-Farouqi launched a campaign to disarm the Druze population - some 10,000 rifles were collected. Al-Farouqi also performed a census of the Hauran area, ordering 200,000 cards from Istanbul for the purpose. Taxes were collected and arrears in cattle extracted when taxation was not available. Furthermore, one thousand Druze were conscripted into the Ottoman army and scattered throughout the empire. The Druze campaign of 1910 became a starting point to cancel a "policy of exceptions" in Ottoman Syria, later implementing similar measures in Jabal Ajlun, as well as during the Karak revolt in Transjordan.

During the First World War, the Ottomans left Jabal al-Druze in peace as they feared rebellion. Sultan al-Atrash, son of Zuqan al-Atrash, was then able to get in touch with Pan-Arab movements and especially with the Arab Revolt in Hijaz. When Arab forces reached Aqaba, he sent a thousand men to join the revolt. He joined them himself with another 300 men, when they reached Bosra. His forces were the first to enter Damascus and raise the Arab flag on the government house on September 29, 1918.
Sultan al-Atrash was in good relations with the Hashemite Emir Faisal, leader of the Arab forces in the revolt. Sultan was awarded the title of Emir and the rank of a General in the Syrian army, the equivalent of the title of Pasha.

In 1920, al-Atrash family was supporting the short-living Arab Kingdom of Syria, which was re-occupied by France after the Battle of Maysalun on July 24, 1920. Sultan al-Atrash was gathering his men to fight the French, but the quick succession of events cut his efforts short, as French forces entered Damascus and the country was divided into five states, State of Souaida (later Jabal al-Druze state) being one of them. Sultan al-Atrash would later become the rebel commander of the Druze War against the French Mandate between 1925 and 1927, and would remain a prominent figure in Syrian politics, despite the utter defeat of the Druze War.

See also
1860 Druze–Maronite conflict
Adana massacre
Franco-Syrian War

References

Conflicts in 1909
Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
Rebellions in Ottoman Syria
1909 in Ottoman Syria
1909 in the Ottoman Empire
Demographics of the Ottoman Empire
Druze in the Ottoman Empire

Hauran Druze Rebellion


Brain is the industry standard name for a computer virus that was released in its first form on 19 January 1986, and is considered to be the first computer virus for the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) and compatibles.

Description
Brain affects the PC by replacing the boot sector of a floppy disk with a copy of the virus. The real boot sector is moved to another sector and marked as bad. Infected disks usually have five kilobytes of bad sectors. The disk label is usually changed to ©Brain, and the following text can be seen in infected boot sectors:
Welcome to the Dungeon (c) 1986 Amjads (pvt) Ltd VIRUS_SHOE RECORD V9.0 Dedicated to the dynamic memories of millions of viruses who are no longer with us today - Thanks GOODNESS!!! BEWARE OF THE er..VIRUS : this program is catching program follows after these ....$#@%$@!!
There are many minor and major variations to that version of the text. The virus slows down the floppy disk drive and makes seven kilobytes of memory unavailable to DOS. Brain was written by Amjad Farooq Alvi, who at the time lived in Chah Miran, near Lahore Railway Station, in Lahore, Pakistan. The Alvi brothers told Time magazine they had written it to protect their medical software from illegal copying, and it was supposed to target copyright infringement only. The cryptic message "Welcome to the Dungeon", a safeguard and reference to an early programming forum on Dungeon BBS, appeared after a year because the brothers licensed a beta version of the code.  The brothers could not be contacted to receive the final release of this version of the program.

Brain lacks code for dealing with hard disk partitioning, and avoids infecting hard disks by checking the most significant bit of the BIOS drive number being accessed. Brain does not infect the disk if the bit is set, unlike other viruses at the time, which paid no attention to disk partitioning and consequently destroyed data stored on hard disks by treating them in the same way as floppy disks. Brain often went undetected, partially due to this deliberate non-destructiveness, especially when the user paid little to no attention to the low speed of floppy disk access.

The virus came complete with address and three phone numbers, and a message that told the user that their machine was infected and to call them for inoculation:

This program was originally used to track a heart monitoring program for the IBM PC, and people were distributing illicit copies of the disks. This tracking program was supposed to stop and track illegal copies of the disk, however the program also sometimes used the last five kilobytes on an Apple floppy, making additional saves to the disk by other programs impossible.

Author response
When the brothers began to receive a large number of phone calls from people in the United Kingdom, the United States, and elsewhere, demanding that they disinfect their machines, they were stunned and tried to explain to the outraged callers that their motivation had not been malicious. Their phone lines were overloaded. The brothers, with another brother, Shahid Farooq Alvi, continued business in Pakistan, as Brain NET Internet service providers with a company called Brain Telecommunication Limited.

In 2011, 25 years after Brain was released, Mikko Hyppönen of F-Secure traveled to Pakistan to interview Amjad for a documentary. Being inspired by this documentary and its widespread popularity, a group of Pakistani bloggers interviewed Amjad, under the banner of Bloggerine.

See also

 Iqbal Town, Lahore
 Rootkit
 Timeline of computer viruses and worms

References

External links

Description of (c)Brain at F-Secure site
BRAIN Searching for the first PC virus in Pakistan
Information on the Brain Virus And Variants at textfiles.com
TED talk by Mikko Hyppönen Fighting viruses, defending the net
Pakistani Brain (IBM MS-DOS PC Computer Virus) and its impact

Boot viruses
Pakistani inventions
Information technology in Pakistan
1986 in computing
Hacking in the 1980s

Brain (computer virus)


Hidden headlamps, also commonly known as pop-up headlamps, pop-up headlights, flip-eye headlamps, or hideaway headlights, are a form of automotive lighting and an automotive styling feature that conceals an automobile's headlamps when they are not in use.

Depending on the design, the headlamps may be mounted in a housing that rotates so as to sit flush with the front end as on the Lamborghini Miura or Porsche 928, may retract into the hood and/or fenders as on the 1963–2004 Chevrolet Corvette, or may be concealed behind retractable or rotating grille panels as on the 1966-1970 Dodge Charger, 1970-1971 Mercury Cyclone, or the 1965 Buick Riviera.

History

Hidden headlamps first appeared on the Cord 810 in November 1935 at the New York Auto Show and shortly after on a custom example of the Alfa Romeo 8C in 1936. In the Cord, a pair of cranks on either side of the dashboard could be turned by hand to bring out the headlamps when needed. Powered hidden headlamps first appeared on GM's concept car in 1938, the Buick Y-Job, and appeared on concept cars for several years after, including the 1951 General Motors Le Sabre. However, power hidden headlamps would not appear on a production vehicle until 1962 with the Lotus Elan.
The popularity of this feature has waxed and waned over time. Hidden headlamps regained popularity in the mid-to-late 1960s, first in Europe but particularly in the US where aerodynamic headlamps were not permitted. A relatively large variety of cars incorporated hidden headlamps in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and up to the early 2000s. Subsequent legislation led to hidden headlamps falling increasingly out of favor.

In the past, manufacturers often used hidden headlamps to circumvent headlight height regulations in the United States. For instance, in 1983, Toyota exported their retractable headlight version of the AE86 (known domestically as the Sprinter Trueno) instead of the Corolla Levin, as the former had a higher headlamp height, enough to satisfy US regulations. This prevented them from needing to raise the body height of the car, which would have affected handling.

Discontinuation
US laws now permit aerodynamic headlamps, relative to which hidden headlamps represent added cost, weight, and complexity as well as reliability concerns as cars age. Internationalized ECE auto safety regulations have also recently incorporated pedestrian-protection provisions restricting protuberances from car bodies, making it more difficult and expensive to design compliant pop-up headlamps.

The last time pop-up headlamps appeared on a volume-production car was in 2004, when both the Lotus Esprit and Chevrolet Corvette (C5) ended production. Development of both projector beam headlamps such as those on the 1990 Nissan 300ZX (Z32), and more efficient, bright LED headlamps has in practice, eliminated the need for hidden headlamps altogether.

Despite new cars no longer offering hidden headlamps since 2004, hidden headlamps are not outright banned, and as such, they can be still be installed on vehicles today such as the Ares Design Project1.

List of cars with hidden headlamps

Other vehicles with hidden headlamps
Although most hidden headlamps are installed on cars, they have also been installed on other types of vehicles. These include motorcycles such as the Honda Elite 150, some coaches such as Pegaso-Obradors and trains such as the Keisei AE100.

Gallery

See also
Daytime running lamp

References

External links

Auto parts
Automotive lamps
Automotive styling features

Hidden headlamp


[[File:Minan-ur-Rehman-Book.jpg|150px|thumb|Book-Title 'Minan-ur-Rehman (1895)]]Arabic - the Mother of all Languages - (Book) ' Minan-ur-Rahman [Arabic: منن الرّحمٰن ] is a brief treatise on philology by   Mirza Ghulam Ahmad  (1835-1908), written in May 1895. Ahmad claimed that Arabic was the first language taught to man by God Himself and the Mother of all languages (Arabic: Ummul-al-Sinnah). He highlighted certain peculiarities of the Arabic language, which he claimed could not be found in any other language and challenged his adversaries, to refute his claim also addressing Max Muller (1823-1900) to come forward and meet the challenge.

Introduction to the book
Max Muller said that:
 "I, therefore, date the real beginning of the science of language from the first day of Pentecost."

Ahmad strongly reacted to this claim and referred Max Muller to the NT Acts II:4-6, explaining that the Disciples only spoke languages already known and understood by all the Jews
Ahmad writes, he very earnestly prayed to God, and asked for true knowledge in this regard. So God diverted his attention to a verse of the Quran 30:23.
 وَمِنْ ءَايَـتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَأَلْوَنِكُمْ
إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لأَيَـتٍ لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ
[The Quran, 30:23] And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your tongues and colours. In that surely are Signs for those who possess knowledge.

Ahmad claimed in light of Quranic verses:
"All praise is due to Allah, the Sustainer, the Beneficent. To Him belongs all Excellence, Grace and Goodness. He created man and taught him a plain language. And out of one language He created various languages in different countries just as He created various colors (of mankind); out of one color. And He made Arabic the mother of all languages. He made it the like of the sun in brightness and luster."

He claimed, the true Science of Languages has been taught in the Quran, explaining the unique characteristics of the Arabic language. "He created man then taught him speech and guided him " (page 85).

Unique Characteristics of Arabic
In this book Minan-ur-Rahman Ahmad said that Arabic was the very First Language taught to man by God and that the system of Mufradaat [the Simples or the Roots of words] in the Arabic Language had a unique scientific organization and a system, unknown in any other language. He described the five peculiarities of Arabic and said all other human languages were derived from Arabic.

The Mother Language
"The Arabic language possesses excellent qualities and signs which, in the eyes of scholars, invest it with the status of a Mother in relation to
other languages, and these languages are like a shadow in relation to Arabic or like sparrows in relation to a preying falcon." (page  100).

Ahmad believed that Arabic, being the First Language, however, in due course of time, great changes in the structure and form of the vocal apparatus, man's ecology and environment, and many other unknown factors, caused a diversification of Arabic language into thousands of tongues, all derived from Arabic. He writes, quoting from the Hebrew Torah,  Genesis 11:1:-
 ויהי כל הארץ שׂפה אחת ודברים אחדים׃
"And the whole earth was one lip and speeches identical". (Gen, 11:1) [page. 14]
...the nearness or remoteness of a place from the equator, of the distinctive effect of the various plants, and because of other unknown factors, every locality inheres in its inhabitants a proclivity of a special kind, towards developing a peculiar voice-apparatus, a distinctive accent, and a form of words which is of a peculiar character....[page: 12]

He after commenting upon the relationship of Hebrew, or Sanskrit to Arabic, writes:
...all the languages of the world have come into existence through a process of far  reaching change, yet by fully pondering over it, and by looking at the operative factors, it clearly appears that the speeches and words of these languages have been transplanted into a variety of shapes and forms from Arabic simples. [page. 16]

"Arabic is singular in its attributes, perfect in its root-words, wonderful  in the charm of its compounds and captivating in the structural beauty of its sentences." (page 105).

Five Points of Excellence
Ahmad highlighted Five points of the excellence of the Arabic language: [page. 17]

1. Arabic has a complete organised structure of roots, that is to say, the roots meet fully all the needs of human beings in the field of expression ; the other languages are not so fitted.

2. In Arabic, the names of the Divine Being, the names of the principal constituent parts of the universe, of plants, animals and minerals and of the members of the human body, possess, in the why and wherefore of their contents, deep philosophy and learning.

3. The Additions and the roots of Arabic words are perfectly organised. The scope of this organisation, by linking into one philosophical chain, all the verbs and nouns, belonging to the same root, points out their interrelationships. This is not to be found, to this degree of excellence, in other languages.

4. In Arabic expressions, words are few but meanings are many, that is to say, the Arabic language makes use of (ا) [alif], and (ل) [laam] and nunnation (تنوین) and the sequence of words, in such a way that to express the same meaning the other languages need a number of sentences to be linked up for the same purpose.

5. Arabic possesses roots and expressions which are the perfect means of portraying the most delicate and deep things of the mind and human ideas.

A greater part of the book is devoted to manifest these characteristic in further details. He writes, " Thousands of languages
are stricken with the calamity of a drawback that instead of root-words they make use of complex grammatical constructions, which shows that at a time of need such constructions have been invented by man." [page. 22]

Arabic follows the Law of Nature
After the above  Introductory details, the rest of the treatise is in a very lucid and elegant Arabic.[page 27-127]
He explains that Arabic is unique to follow the patterns we observe in Nature. Two distinct features, i.e.'the pre-existing' Grace of God, like the bounties of Nature, the qualities inherent in the soil and earth, the sun and the changing weathers etc. And the second aspect being human efforts, labour and endeavours, these combine to give birth to the fruit of human endeavours. To fulfil these Two requirements,  Arabic has Two distinct words for Mercy, Rahman [رحمان]and Raheem. [رحیم].
To explain his point, Ahmad writes:
It will be noticed that in as much  this quality Mercy, in accordance with the eternal distribution process. consisted of two manifestations of the Divine Law of Nature. there are to be found two root-words in the Arabic language to express that fact. And for a seeker of Truth. it would be profitable to follow the rule that the Attributes and Acts of God which are prominently portrayed in the Book of Nature should be taken as a standard, that their different categories which are apparent from the Law of Nature should be searched for in the root-words of Arabic, and that when ever it is intended to point out the difference between Arabic synonyms, which relate to the attributes or the acts of God, one should turn to the division and distribution of the attributes or acts of God which are apparent from the working of the universe, for, the real object of the Arabic language is the service of Divine Knowledge, as the real aim of the creation of man is the recognition of the Creator. [page. 35]

Ten Categories of Arabic Roots
Ahmad believed that Arabic was the Language of Divine Realization and designed to fulfill the Physical and Spiritual needs of man. He classified the Arabic Root-Words, into ten categories, calling them as the Ten Circles of Roots. He describes them as follows: (pp: 38-40)

1) Root-words  relating to the Person of God, arguments for the existence of God, His attributes, His Names and Acts, His Practice and Custom.

2)  The system of root-words relating to the Unity of God and the arguments on behalf thereof.

3) The system of root-words which deals with the attributes, acts, and actions, habits and situations, spiritual and physical, (of man) which, along with their mutual distinctions, are perpetrated by man and which may appear,  in agreement with or in opposition to God's Will.

4) The system of root-words which constitute, as facts of Divine knowledge; a perfected  teaching from God Almighty and which relate to inculcations or techniques dealing with morals, beliefs, rights of God, rights of men, philosophic learning, punishments, commandments, the Do's and Dont's.

5) The system of root-words which expound the nature of true salvation, the true means or methods of obtaining it; the signs by which the saved believers and those who occupy a station  of nearness to God may be recognized.

6) The system of root-words which explain what is Islam, what is disbelief, what is shirk'' or polytheistic belief and which deal forth with the arguments for the truth of Islam, and refute the objections against Islam.

7) The system of root-words which refute all the wrong beliefs of opponents.

8) The system of root-words which relate to warnings and tidings, promise of favourable or adverse happenings ; which relate to description of the hereafter, to miracles and to parables or which are of the nature of prophecies which contribute to the strengthening of one's faith, or which relate to other expedient subjects, or which deal with narratives which are meant as a warning, a threat, or a tiding.

9) The system of root-words which relate to the life-story and chaste qualities of the Holy Prophet (May peace and blessings of God be upon him,) which consist of the high example of the pure life of the Holy Prophet ; which also partake of full and forceful arguments in support of the prophet-hood of the Holy Prophet (may peace and the blessings of God be upon him.)

10) The system of root-words which expound the beauties and the spiritual effectiveness of the Holy Quran and which set out its inherent qualities.

Further Contributions
A renowned Philologist Sheikh Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar (1896-1993) has contributed immensely to the work of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and studied the various languages (around 35) and traced them to their Arabic Root-Words. The works, which trace the Arabic Roots, are the dictionary format, are easily available, can be downloaded freely by pasting the links in the browser's address bar. Most of the work is yet unpublished and in MSS forms.

The Source of All Languages [22MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Dutch and Swedish Traced to Arabic [4MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Egyptian Traced to Arabic [3MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

English Traced to Arabic [26MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Hausa Traced to Arabic [8MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Italian Traced to Arabic [4MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Japanese Traced to Arabic [5MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Sanskrit Traced to Arabic [18MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Sumerian, Akkadian, Bantu Traced to Arabic [2MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

Yoruba Traced to Arabic [7MB pdf] - by Muhammad Ahmad Mazhar

References

Related Link
Islam Ahmadiyya - Arabic Website of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community

Works by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Arabic language
Works about philology
Islamic theology books
1895 books
19th-century Indian books
Indian religious texts

Minan-ur-Rahman


Thomas Armstrong (November 13, 1785 - January 2, 1867) was an American politician from New York.

Life
Thomas Armstrong's father, also named Thomas Armstrong, emigrated from Ireland in 1775. The family initially settled near Stillwater, in Saratoga County, New York; however, sometime after the American Revolution, they were among the pioneer settlers of Wolcott (Wayne County, New York), where Armstrong was active in local government and politics.

He was Supervisor of the Town of Wolcott for part of 1818. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Seneca Co.) in 1820. In 1823, Wayne County was created from parts of Ontario and Seneca counties, and Armstrong was elected the first Sheriff of Wayne County, in office from 1823 to 1825.

In 1826, the Town of Butler was separated from Wolcott, and Armstrong was the first Supervisor of the town, in office from 1826 to 1833. He was again a member of the State Assembly (Wayne Co.) in 1827, 1828, and 1829; and Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Wayne County in 1829, 1830, 1831, and 1833.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) from 1830 to 1837, sitting in the 53rd, 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, and 60th New York State Legislatures.

He was again Supervisor of the Town of Butler in 1838; a member of the State Assembly (Wayne Co.) in 1839; Town Supervisor in 1844, 1845, 1850 and 1851; and Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in 1844, 1850, and 1851.

He was buried at the Butler Center Cemetery in Butler.

References

Sources
The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 128f, 138, 196, 206f, 209, 222 and 256; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
Military History of Wayne County by Lewis H. Clark (Sodus NY, 1863; pg. 11, 14, 17ff, 28 and 42)
Tombstone transcriptions at NY Gen Web

1785 births
1867 deaths
People from Wayne County, New York
New York (state) state senators
New York (state) Democratic-Republicans
New York (state) Jacksonians
19th-century American politicians
Members of the New York State Assembly
Town supervisors in New York (state)
Sheriffs of Wayne County, New York

Thomas Armstrong (New York politician)


The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is a conserative newspaper in Germany.

Newspaper

The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is the leading conservative newspaper in Germany.
There are 6 newspapers a week and supplementary the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung on Sundays.
There are about 360,000 newspapers sold every day.
It is the German newspaper with the widest circulation abroad. It is sold to 148 countries every day.

History

The first edition of the FAZ published on November 1, 1949. Its founding editor was Erich Welter. Some editors had worked for the Frankfurter Zeitung, which was banned in 1943.

Other websites
 The FAZ online edition (in German; most articles are free)
 Ketupa.net - Frankfurter Zeitung and FAZ  media profile

Newspapers published in Germany
1949 establishments in Germany

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung


Andrew Leavine (born December 27, 1987) is an American retired professional wrestler. In 2011, Leavine won the Tough Enough contest to earn a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE); he went on to wrestle for WWE's developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling, under the ring name Kevin Hackman. He is also known for his appearances with World Wrestling Council (WWC) where he held the WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship.

Professional wrestling career
In 2010, Leavine signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and was assigned to the Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), belonging to WWE's developmental territory. Under the ring name of Kevin Hackman, Leavine only took part in a couple of matches before being released in February 2011 to participate in Tough Enough.

In March 2011, Leavine was announced as one of the fourteen contestants for the revival of WWE Tough Enough. Leavine was not regarded as one of the front runners at the beginning of the show but ended strongly and made it to the final two with Luke Robinson. He was announced as the winner of Tough Enough on the June 6 episode of Raw by Stone Cold Steve Austin who gave him a Stone Cold Stunner after being slapped by Vince McMahon, as a welcoming gift from the WWE. Leavine also appeared on Raw the following week, on June 13, in a backstage segment with Austin and CM Punk. He then returned to FCW.

Leavine confirmed in an interview on WWE's official website in June 2011 that he would be training in FCW. In April 2012, Leavine was released from WWE.

After his release, Leavine started working for World Wrestling Council (WWC), a wrestling territory in Puerto Rico owned by Carlos Colon. On September 8, 2012, Leavine defeated Apolo and Gilbert in a three-way match to win the WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship. On October 26, 2012, he competed against Wes Brisco and Ray Fénix in a winning effort in a non-title match. He wrestled a Loser Leaves WWC Match against Wes Brisco to a no-contest after Ray González interfered and attacked both of them at the same time. The following week, he lost to Brisco in an Anything Goes Loser Leaves WWC Match, which caused him to be kayfabe fired.

On April 27, 2013, Leavine and Samson Walker defeated Thunder & Lighting, winning the WWC Tag Team Championship. On June 29, 2013, at Summer Madness, Samson and Leavine lost the Tag Team titles to The Sons of Samoa (L.A. Smooth and Afa Jr.). At WWC 40 Aniversario, Leavine defeated Walker. Leavine retired from professional wrestling in 2014.

Championships and accomplishments
World Wrestling Council
WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Samson Walker
WWE
Tough Enough V

References

External links

1987 births
American male professional wrestlers
FIU Panthers football players
Living people
People from Brooksville, Florida
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Tough Enough winners
21st-century professional wrestlers
WWC Universal Heavyweight Champions

Andy Leavine


Joseph Chaires Plantation was a large cotton plantation of  located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States owned by Joseph Chaires.

Location
The Joseph Chaires Plantation's northern border was located at the southeast tip of Lake Lafayette. The property extended southward across Old St. Augustine Road. Today that land encompasses part of U.S. 27, Louvinia Drive, County Road 2197 (Williams Road), County Road 2196 (Old St. Augustine Road), County Road 2195 (WW Kelly Drive) as far south as County Road 259 (Tram Road) near Lake Erie and Big Lake.

Plantation specifics
The Leon County Florida 1860 Agricultural Census shows that the Joseph Chaires Plantation had the following:
 Improved Land:
 Unimproved Land:
 Cash value of plantation: $50,000
 Cash value of farm implements/machinery: $150
 Cash value of farm animals: $6,500
 Number of persons enslaved: 130
 Bushels of corn: 5000
 Bales of cotton: 200

The owner

Joseph Chaires was the son of Benjamin Chaires and cousin of Green Chaires.

References
Rootsweb Plantations
Largest Slaveholders from 1860 Slave Census Schedules
1845 voters
Paisley, Clifton; From Cotton To Quail, University of Florida Press, c1968.

Plantations in Leon County, Florida
Cotton plantations in Florida

Joseph Chaires Plantation


Crowborough Community Church (also known as Community Church, Crowborough) is an Evangelical church in the town of Crowborough in East Sussex, England.  Although it is now associated with the Newfrontiers charismatic Evangelical movement, for most of its existence it was called Christ Church and belonged to the Free Church of England, an episcopal Protestant denomination founded in the 19th century.  The building, a red-brick Gothic Revival chapel with a prominent stained glass window facing the street, has stood in a central position in the town since 1879, when it was built at the expense of philanthropist Elizabeth de Lannoy.  The complex includes schoolrooms and a lecture hall, part of which served as Crowborough's public library for many years.

History
Until the last quarter of the 19th century, Crowborough consisted of "a scatter of settlements" at the highest part of the Weald.  New railway links and the release of land from large country estates for residential development stimulated rapid development: by 1910 many of the town's present buildings had been completed, including most of its churches, and the populated tripled in the ten years from 1900.  The Church of England became established in the town in 1744, ten years Sir Henry Fermor bequeathed £1,500 "for the erection of a chapel and school", and Baptists had met for worship in the area since the 17th century.

The next place of worship to be built in the town was also built at the sole expanse of a local benefactor.  In 1879, Elizabeth de Lannoy paid for the construction of a chapel called Christ Church on Beacon Road and donated it to the Free Church of England denomination.  Five years later she endowed the living of the church for £2,000 ().  The church's first minister, who served from 1879 until his death on 14 November 1900, was Bishop Samuel James Dicksee.  On 6 November 1889 he became the Bishop Primus of the Free Church of England, the leader of the denomination, and also served in that role until his death.  Elizabeth de Lannoy also paid for the construction of a rectory for Bishop Dicksee; he lived in the house, called Brincliffe, for most of his incumbency.  After his death, his wife funded a new rectory as a memorial.  The building stood on the Eridge Road and was called The Parsonage; it is no longer owned by the church and is in private ownership.  She also paid for a schoolroom and separate lecture hall to be built behind the church.  The lecture hall served as Crowborough's public library until the council built new premises elsewhere in the town in the late 1950s.

The building continued in use by the Free Church of England throughout the 20th century.  It was stated in 1985 that "adult immersion baptism was practised" at the church.  In 2004 it was described as an "independent Free Evangelical church", but by 2008 it had closed for worship.  Meanwhile, a newly established Evangelical congregation called Crowborough Community Church, which at the time met for worship in a school,  was growing.  This had its origins in May 1997 when some worshippers from King's Church Uckfield, an Evangelical church in nearby Uckfield, began to meet in Crowborough.  Members of the former Christ Church also joined the new Community Church, and by 2015 the congregation had acquired the former Christ Church premises and was using them for administrative purposes and for certain activities, although Sunday worship had moved to a community centre building.  Church services resumed in the former Christ Church in 2018 following a period of renovation, and the building is now known as The Oasis.

Architecture
Christ Church is a "very modest" chapel distinguished by its large, wide five-light west window facing the street.  It is a Perpendicular Gothic Revival building of red brick with stone dressings.  The side elevations have small gabled dormer windows.  Stained glass designed Arthur Dix designed the glass in the north window in 1918.  Memorials inside the church include a tablet commemorating Elizabeth de Lannoy and a "beautiful marble font" given by the widow of David Murray Somerville, the incumbent from 1906 until 1917.

Administration
The church is registered for worship in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855; its number on the register is 24801.  Under its original name, Christ Church, it was registered for the solemnisation of marriages in accordance with the Marriage Act 1836 on 7 March 1881.  It is a member of the Evangelical Alliance and the Newfrontiers movement.

See also

List of current places of worship in Wealden

References

Bibliography

1879 establishments in England
Churches completed in 1879
Evangelical churches in the United Kingdom
Crowborough

Crowborough Community Church


David Henry Peter Maybury-Lewis (5 May 1929 – 2 December 2007) was a British anthropologist, ethnologist of lowland South America, activist for indigenous peoples' human rights, and professor emeritus of Harvard University.

Born in Hyderabad, Sindh (now in Pakistan), Maybury-Lewis attended the University of Oxford, at which he earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree. In 1960, he joined the Harvard faculty, and was Edward C. Henderson Professor of Anthropology there from 1966 until he retired in 2004. His extensive ethnographic fieldwork was conducted primarily among indigenous peoples in central Brazil, which culminated in his ethnography among the Xavante, as well as post-modernist renditions. In 1972, he co-founded with his wife Pia Cultural Survival, the leading US-based advocacy and documentation organization devoted to "promoting the rights, voices and visions of indigenous peoples."

Awards
 Former president of the American Ethnological Society
 Elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in 1977
 Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit, Brazil's highest academic honor, in 1997
 Anders Retzius gold medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, in 1998

Selected bibliography
Akwẽ-Shavante Society (1974)
Dialectical Societies: The Ge and Bororo of Central Brazil (1979)
Prospects for Plural Societies: 1982 Proceedings of the American Ethnological Society (1984)
The Attraction of Opposites: Thought and Society in the Dualistic Mode (1989)
Millennium: Tribal Wisdom and the Modern World (1992)
The Savage and the Innocent (2000)
Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups, and the State (2001)
The Politics of Ethnicity:Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States (2003)

External links
 Biography
 Cultural Survival
 Prins, Harald E.L., and Graham, Laura. 2008. "Pioneer in Brazilian Ethnography & Indigenous Rights Advocacy: David Maybury-Lewis (1929-2007)." Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America, Vol.6 (No.1-2), pp. 115–22.

1929 births
2007 deaths
Social anthropologists
British ethnologists
Latin Americanists
Harvard University faculty
Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Indigenous rights activists
Non-fiction environmental writers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Brazilianists

David Maybury-Lewis


The Martian Chronicles is a book, by Ray Bradbury, published in 1950. In it, he used many other stories, which he had published before, and which he simply joined together. In the novel, Bradbury describes how the planet Mars is explored, and people settle there. The book was very successful, and in 1979, a movie was made from it. It has also been adapted to be a theatre play.

1950 books
Science fiction books

The Martian Chronicles


Asia Market Week is a weekly business news programme on CNBC Asia, airing on Fridays at 18:00 Hong Kong / Singapore / Taiwan time with daylight saving time. It also airs on CNBC World and CNBC Europe at various times during the week.

The programme is presented by Maura Forgarty and consists of highlights of the business news in Asia during the previous week. It runs for thirty minutes. The theme music on the programme is that which was used by Today's Business on CNBC US between 2000–2002.

The programme takes its name from the now defunct CNBC US program Market Week with Maria Bartiromo. Internationally, the equivalent programme on CNBC Europe is Europe This Week, a previous incarnation of which was called European Market Week.

Asia Market Week anchors
Martin Soong (April 6, 2001 – 2003)
Maura Fogarty (2004–2010)
Chloe Cho (1–Present)

External links
Asia Market Week Official Website

CNBC World original programming
CNBC Europe original programming
CNBC Asia original programming
Television news shows
Hong Kong television news shows
Singaporean television news shows
Taiwanese television news shows
Business-related television series
2001 Hong Kong television series debuts
2001 Taiwanese television series debuts
2001 Singaporean television series debuts

Asia Market Week


David Hudson DePatie (December 24, 1929 – September 23, 2021) was an American film and television producer who was the last and longest lived executive in charge of the original Warner Bros. Cartoons studio. He also formed DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, with Friz Freleng, and was an executive producer at Marvel Productions.

Early life
DePatie was born on December 24, 1929, at The Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles. His father, Edmond L. DePatie, was the head of the counter department at Warner Bros, and he would spend his entire career at Warner, and later became executive vice president and general manager of the studio, reporting only to Jack Warner. Because of this, David, in his own words, became a "Warner Brat".

Career

Warner Bros. Cartoons
Leon Schlesinger was the production executive of Leon Schlesinger Productions until his retirement in 1944 when Warner Bros. bought the animation department and renamed it to Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc. Eddie Selzer then became the production executive until 1958. John W. Burton then became producer for a few years until Burton accepted a position of another company that Leon Schlesinger founded called Pacific Title and Art. DePatie became production executive in 1960, taking over for Burton. The first thing he produced for the studio was a 1963 pilot named Philbert and it was directed by Friz Freleng, but was never picked up, and was the last cartoon produced by the company.

In 1962, with the decline in moviegoing, DePatie was informed that the cartoon studio was going to be shut down. Shortly afterwards when Warner Bros. Cartoons closed down in 1963, significant production changes occurred for new Warner Bros. cartoons produced by the newly formed DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. DePatie received on-screen production credit and cartoon director Friz Freleng was promoted to producer. Chuck Jones left for Tom and Jerry theatricals and television adaptations. Character appearances were limited to Daffy Duck, Sylvester the Cat, Speedy Gonzales, and Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, with one time appearances of Granny, Porky Pig, The Goofy Gophers, and Witch Hazel. Production was subcontracted to Format Films.

DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
While he held his production position at Warner Bros., DePatie originally received no on-screen credit, similar to his two predecessors after Leon Schlesinger retired in 1944. In 1963, he began to receive on-screen credit with new producer (and former director) Friz Freleng. Around this time, they formed DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, also known as DePatie–Freleng Entertainment, and known on-screen as "DFE Films". Due to the success of the Pink Panther shorts, or in Art Leonardi's words the "Pink Power", they made title sequences for various TV shows, including I Dream of Jeannie and various commercials.

The Pink Panther
DePatie and Freleng animated opening segments for some of Pink Panther feature films. In these, a Pink Panther appeared in the opening credits as the villain. Music was scored by Henry Mancini. The character would appear in many animated shorts of his own due to his critical acclaim in the title sequence, also produced by DePatie–Freleng. When these shorts aired on television, they were paired with backup segments. Music was composed by William Lava, Walter Greene, Doug Goodwin and David DePatie's son Steve DePatie. These cartoons were directed by many people including Arthur Davis, Robert McKimson, Hawley Pratt, and Gerry Chiniquy.

Dr. Seuss television specials
Chuck Jones was producing Dr. Seuss specials for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, until MGM shut down its animation studio. DePatie–Freleng picked up production of The Cat in the Hat. Music was composed by Dean Elliott for four Dr. Seuss specials, Hawley Pratt directed three specials, and Maurice Noble was production designer for three specials. Chuck Jones co-produced with Ted Geisel while DePatie and Freleng were executive producers for The Cat in the Hat only. Since Jones was working for ABC, he stopped working on  Dr. Seuss specials. Freleng and Ted Geisel became producer but were credited separately. DePatie was the only one credited as executive producer. Music was scored by Joe Raposo for three later specials. DePatie–Freleng's last Dr. Seuss special was The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat, which was around the time that DFE became part of Cadence Industries, and rebranded as Marvel Productions.

Marvel Productions
DePatie and some of his production staff worked for Marvel Productions. He was an executive producer. He left the company in 1984, and then briefly worked for Hanna-Barbera, producing Pink Panther and Sons, before retiring.

Death
DePatie died of natural causes in Gig Harbor, Washington, on September 23, 2021, at age 91.

References

External links

1929 births
2021 deaths
American animated film producers
Animators from California
Artists from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Film and television title designers
Film producers from California
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Producers who won the Best Animated Short Academy Award
Television producers from California
Warner Bros. Cartoons people

David H. DePatie


Brigadier Terence Hugh Clarke, CBE (17 February 1904 – 26 May 1992) was a British army officer and politician.

Army career
Clarke was from an army family and was born in Ascot. He went to Temple Grove School and Haileybury, followed by the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. At the age of twenty he was commissioned into the Gloucestershire Regiment as a second lieutenant. He served in India and China for seven years in the Indian Army Ordnance Corps before returning to Britain. He was a member of the Army's rugby team and also boxed as a heavyweight for the Army. He transferred into the Royal Army Ordnance Corps in 1933.

Wartime service
During the Second World War Clarke served in Norway in 1940 where he was mentioned in dispatches. Later he had a key role in planning the logistical support for the Allied campaign in North Africa (he won the CBE in 1943), and then the invasion in Normandy. Clarke landed in Normandy and followed the campaign up to Lüneberg Heath (Lündeberge Heide) where he made arrangements to accept the surrender of more than a million Germany soldiers to Montgomery on 4 May 1945.

Post-war activities
After the war, Clarke was a Liberal Party candidate in Pudsey and Otley at the 1945 general election. He then returned to the Army; Clarke commanded the RAOC Training Centre and then became deputy director of ordnance services for the Southern Command. In 1950 Clarke left the Army to go into industry as a director of public and private companies; he was almost immediately elected as Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Portsmouth West by the slim majority of 945 votes.

Parliamentary career
In Parliament Clarke was an advocate of strong defence, and joined the "Suez group" of Conservative MPs who wanted strong confrontation of the Egyptian government over the Suez canal, and after the ceasefire in the Suez crisis of 1956 he abstained on a vote approving government policy. He called for prosecution of several British Communists for treason when the Ministry of Defence revealed that they had visited British prisoners of war in Korea to try to persuade them to defect.

Clarke was a strong opponent of Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus, and in 1960 protested that Dr Hastings Banda, the British-educated dictator of Malawi, had "shouted at me and behaved in a way I have seen no English or African politician behave before" (Clarke wanted the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland to continue).

Attitude to left-wing politics
As a right-winger, Clarke became increasingly vocal in attacking the Labour Party, and especially its left wing. When a left-wing rebellion against the defence estimates in 1961 turned out to be less than expected, he shouted "What a poor rebellion!" He was astonished that Harold Wilson had appointed a Minister for Disarmament in the Foreign Office in 1964, and was so strong an opponent of Sydney Silverman's Bill to abolish capital punishment that he said that Silverman and the three most recent Home Secretaries should themselves be hanged.

Loss of seat
Having had his majority reduced to 497 votes in 1964, Clarke lost his seat in the 1966 general election. When the result was announced (televised live on ITN's election programme), Clarke shouted back at the assembled crowd "You're all bloody fools!" He attempted to regain his seat at the 1970 general election but despite the national swing to the Conservatives, he made only a tiny reduction in the Labour majority.

References
Who Was Who
M. Stenton and S. Lees, Who's Who of British MPs Vol. IV (Harvester Press, 1981)
Obituary, The Times, 27 May 1992

External links

1904 births
1992 deaths
Gloucestershire Regiment officers
Royal Army Ordnance Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
Politics of Portsmouth
People from Ascot, Berkshire
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates

Terence Clarke (politician)


John Anderson (1795–1845) was a Scottish diplomatic agent and writer on questions of Eastern policy and commerce.

Biography
He was born in Scotland, and presumably in Dumfriesshire, in 1795. Receiving an appointment to the civil service of the East India Company in 1813, he became a 'writer' in Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales's Island. He was promoted in 1821, when he held the position of deputy-warehousekeeper and Malay translator to the government, to the rank of 'factor,' and to the discharge of the functions of deputy-accountant, deputy-auditor, accountant to the recorder's court, and commissioner to the Court of Requests; the duties of which offices were continued to him on his preferment, in 1823, to be 'junior merchant.' By various steps he had become, in 1826, accountant and auditor, accountant-general to the recorder's court, superintendent of lawsuits, and Malay translator, and in 1827 attained the dignity of 'senior merchant,' with the offices of secretary to government and Malay translator. Later in the same year he was made a justice of the peace for Penang, Singapore, and Malacca.

His first publication was a work entitled 'Political and Commercial Considerations relative to the Malayan Peninsula and the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca,' Prince of Wales Island, 1824. This work consists of reflections on the Siamese conquest of Quedah and Perak; an exposition of the advantages likely to result from declaring Quedah and the whole of the Malayan states under the protection of the British government; and a descriptive sketch of the tin countries on the western coast of the peninsula of Malacca. In February and March 1823 Anderson had acted as agent to the governor of Pulo Penang for procuring engagements from native potentates in Sumatra, the sultans of Delly and Siack, and the Rajah of Langkat (Sir C. U. Aitchison's Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds relating to India and neighbouring Countries, 8vo, Calcutta, revised edition, vol. i. 1876). Anderson's Sumatran employment bore fruit a few years later in his 'Mission to the East Coast of Sumatra, in 1823, under the direction of the Government of Prince of Wales' Island: including historical and descriptive Sketches of the Country, an Account of the Commerce, Population, and the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants, and a Visit to the Batta Cannibal States in the Interior,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1826.

On his return to Britain in 1830, Anderson entered actively into mercantile and other duties in London, in the course of which he produced a work entitled 'Acheen, and the Ports on the North and East Coasts of Sumatra; with incidental Notices of the Trade in the Eastern Seas, and the Aggressions of the Dutch,' 8vo, London, 1840. This volume attracted much attention to the state of British commerce in the parts of the world of which it treated. Anderson died, after a short illness, at his house, No. 1 Euston Place, Euston Square, on 2 December 1845, as correctly stated in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for January 1846 (p. 104). In the first sentence of a more extended notice in the same periodical for the following month (p. 208), he is perplexingly described as 'of Bond Court, Walbrook, and Prince's Place, Kennington,' and as having died on 15 January 1846, at the age of 75; being unaccountably confounded with Mr. John Adamson, a London merchant of the two specified addresses, whose obituary occurs in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for March 1846 (p. 329).

References

Scottish political writers
Scottish translators
Scottish accountants
British expatriates in Malaysia
1795 births
1845 deaths
Writers from British Malaya
History of Penang
Administrators in British India
British East India Company civil servants
Administrators in British Malaya
Administrators in British Penang
19th-century British translators
19th-century British businesspeople

John Anderson (diplomatic writer)


The Prorva is a small river in Braslaw District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus, a left tributary of the Drysvyata, which is a tributary of the Dysna (Daugava basin). It flows for 12 km from the Lake Drysvyaty by the village Drysvyaty, close to the former outlet of the river Drysvyata.

In 1953 a local hydroelectric plant "Friendship of Peoples" was constructed by the river. To feed it better, the outlet of the Drysvyata from Lake Drysvyaty was dammed for the whole northern discharge of the lake to go into Prorva.

References

Rivers of Vitebsk Region
Rivers of Belarus
Tributaries of the Dysna

Prorva (river)


A centre stick (or center stick in the United States), or simply control stick, is an aircraft cockpit arrangement where the control column (or joystick) is located in the center of the cockpit either between the pilot's legs or between the pilots' positions. Since the throttle controls are typically located to the left of the pilot, the right hand is used for the stick, although left-hand or both-hands operation is possible if required.

The centre stick is a part of an aircraft's flight control system and is typically linked to its ailerons and elevators, or alternatively to its elevons, by control rods or control cables on basic aircraft. On heavier, faster, more advanced aircraft the centre stick may also control power-assist modules. Modern aircraft centre sticks are also usually equipped with a number of electrical control switches within easy finger reach, in order to reduce the pilot's workload.

History
The centre stick originated at the turn of the twentieth century. In 1900, Wilhelm Kress of Austria developed a control stick for aircraft, but did not apply for a patent. Instead, a patent was awarded to the French aviator, Robert Esnault-Pelterie who applied for it in 1907.

Split stick
A two-handed variation of the centre stick has existed as a split stick, with a similar arrangement to a yoke as it is bifurcated for the pilot to operate with both hands. This is not only used to operate the aircraft but for the pilot to also use radar controls. The F-8 Crusader is an example of an aircraft that used a split stick.

Popularity
The centre stick is used in many military fighter jets such as the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Mirage III, but also in light aircraft such as Piper Cubs and the Diamond Aircraft line of products such as the DA20, DA40 and DA42.

This arrangement contrasts with the more recently developed "side-stick", which is used in such military fighter jets as the F-16, the F-35 Lightning II and Rafale and also on civil aircraft such as the Airbus A320.

See also
 Index of aviation articles
 Aircraft flight control system
 Dual control (aviation)
 HOTAS
 Rudder pedals
 Side-stick
 Yoke (aircraft)

References

Design
Aircraft controls

Centre stick


Bicyclus uniformis, the uniform bush brown, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, north-western Tanzania and possibly Nigeria. The habitat consists of forests in good condition.

Adults are attracted to fermenting fruit.

References

Elymniini
Butterflies described in 1908

Bicyclus uniformis


John T. Klemmer (born July 3, 1946) is an American saxophonist, composer, songwriter, and arranger.

He was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and began playing guitar at the age of five and alto saxophone at the age of 11. His other early interests included graphics and visual art, writing, dance, puppetry, painting, sculpting, and poetry. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and began touring with midwestern "ghost big bands" (Les Elgart, Woody Herman) as well as playing with small local jazz and rock groups. After switching to tenor saxophone in high school, Klemmer played with commercial small groups and big bands in Chicago while leading his own groups and touring.

Biography
Klemmer had extensive studies in music, taking private lessons as a youth and in college in piano, conducting, harmony, theory, composition, arranging, clarinet, flute and classical and jazz saxophone. He studied saxophone and jazz improvisation with noted Chicago saxophonist and teacher Joe Daley. He attended the Interlochen's National Music Camp. The year he graduated from high school, Klemmer was signed by producer Esmond Edwards at Chess Records, eventually recording five albums with their Cadet label, including his innovative hit 1969 album, Blowin Gold (co-produced by ex-Rolling Stones producer Marshall Chess). This album was considered by many as the first of the jazz/rock fusion genre; follow-up albums introduced innovative rock rhythms, sounds and production techniques and debuted electronic effects with the saxophone that became his now "trademark" delay sound.

Klemmer led his own groups touring the U.S. using the cream of the Chicago sideman such as Jodie Christian, Wilbur Campbell and Cleveland Eaton, while occasionally performing in tandem with good friends such as jazz artists Eddie Harris and Oscar Brashear, arranger Les Hooper and rock artists such as James William Guercio (later to produce Blood, Sweat & Tears and Chicago) and various rock artists such as guitarist Harvey Mandel. Klemmer did his first PBS special for WTTW TV Chicago. He was also a busy sideman, exploring every genre of music. He then moved to Los Angeles the following year and for a very brief time was a key soloist and arranger with Don Ellis's  big band touring Europe and toured Africa with Oliver Nelson for the State Department, while also working with such diverse artists of a variety of musical genres such as Tim Buckley and others. He studied film scoring with Albert Harris and vocal lessons with Seth Riggs. Continuing always through the events described, Klemmer continuously lead his own small groups touring across the U.S. further developing his unique sound, style and concepts. He primarily focused on his jazz rock fusion styles, returning briefly to more traditional jazz, and then switching to a more "intense" so-called "Coltraneish" approach upon leaving Chess Records, and signing with and recording four albums for Impulse! Records.

He performed at the Newport and Monterey Jazz Festivals, Antibes Jazz Festival, Carnegie Hall, Tanglewood, and Montreux Jazz Festival plus TV shows the Midnight Special and Rock Concert. Klemmer has composed all songs for many of his albums, amassing a large and valuable publishing catalog, but he has also collaborated and co-written musically and as lyricist with many pop songwriters, such as David Batteau, with the UK hit "Walk In Love", recorded by The Manhattan Transfer, Danny O'Keefe, Clint Holmes, Pamela Oland, and many others. After another of his many controversial sabbaticals, he again changed musical direction by then moving to ABC/MCA Records briefly returning to his early R&B and  pop roots. Klemmer then went on to earn crossover appeal with his now landmark series of "Touch" recordings. Klemmer and the "Touch" series of recordings are regarded by many as paving the way and being "the founder" of the smooth jazz genre, some anointing him "The Ambassador of Cool". His continuous fast changing of musical directions throughout his career created some controversy, confusion and false speculative motivational assumptions and judgements, from his primarily earlier jazz purist audience, primarily, with the now historic "Touch" series of recordings. His managerial associations with noted former Doors manager, Bill Siddons and with Faith Hill, Keith Urban, and James Taylor manager, Gary Borman, helped Klemmer expose his music to a growing number of pop, rock, R&B and adult contemporary audiences. He toured extensively as headliner and with "package tours" with George Benson, and Herbie Hancock plus numerous TV appearances arranged by the William Morris Agency. He expanded his musical palette to include kalimba, flutes, keyboards, percussion and solo vocal.

At this time, he further developed his innovative Solo Sax Concept resulting in the now landmark recording of Cry ushering in, thought by many, the "New Age Music Spiritual" genre, with some now calling him the "Sax God". In 1979, he briefly returned to his earlier jazz roots recording the "straight ahead jazz" 2-LP offering, Nexus – For Duo & Trio, now considered by many a classic, at personal request of Clive Davis for former Arista/Bluebird/RCA Records, followed by occasional special recording projects such as duo recordings with Joe Sample and Oscar Castro-Neves. Following another of his sabbaticals he then, upon personal urging of legendary pop and rock music mogul Joe Smith, moved to Elektra Records, recording five albums. After another brief sabbatical he then returned to Verve/GRP for Universal Records where his primary vast catalog of recordings reside. Klemmer then took his longest and most controversial sabbatical, causing numerous false rumors of personal and health problems as he continued writing, recording and working with new digital technologies, plus returning to vocal studies with noted Macy Gray and Brandi vocal teacher, Roger Burnley. He then returned to recording as guest soloist with such New Age artists as 3rd Force, David Arkenstone, and Craig Chaquico, while also returning to his performing, touring and recording career.

Klemmer founded his own record label, Touch Records, for "special projects & releases only" with the compact disc and digital releases of Making Love – Vol. 1, Rio – Vol. 1, and Rio – Vol. 2 as an adjunct to his major label activity such as the Verve/GRP Records release of The Very Best of John Klemmer (6024 988319 46) from 2005, including three newly recorded bonus tracks from future releases. Klemmer's music has been sampled by a large number of DJ, hip-hop, and rap artists primarily focused on his early Cadet/Chess recordings.

Discography

As leader
 Involvement: The John Klemmer Quartets (Cadet, 1967)
 And We Were Lovers (Cadet, 1968)
 Blowin' Gold (Cadet Concept, 1969)
 All the Children Cried (Cadet Concept, 1969)
 Eruptions (Cadet Concept, 1970)
 Constant Throb (ABC/Impulse!, 1971)
 Waterfalls [live] (ABC/Impulse!, 1972)
 Intensity (ABC/Impulse!, 1973)
 Magic and Movement [live] (ABC/Impulse!, 1974)
 Fresh Feathers (ABC, 1974)
 Touch (ABC, 1975)
 Barefoot Ballet (ABC, 1976)
 Lifestyle (Living & Loving) (ABC, 1977)
 Arabesque (ABC, 1977)
 Solo Saxophone – Cry (ABC, 1978)
 Simpatico with Oscar Castro-Neves (JVC, 1978)
 Brazilia (ABC, 1979)
 Nexus – For Duo And Trio (Arista/Novus, 1979)
 Straight from the Heart (MCA/Nautilus, 1980)
 Magnificent Madness (Elektra, 1980)
 Hush (Elektra, 1981)
 Solo Saxophone II – Life (Elektra, 1981)
 Finesse (Elektra/Nautilus, 1981)
 Two Tone with Eddie Harris/Joe Sample/Phil Upchurch (Crusaders, 1982)
 Music (MCA, 1989)
 Making Love – Vol. 1 (Touch, 1998)

As sideman
With Don Ellis
 Autumn  (Columbia, 1968)
 The New Don Ellis Band Goes Underground (Columbia, 1969)
 Don Ellis at Fillmore (Columbia, 1970)

With others
 3rd Force, Force Field (Higher Octave Music, 1999)
 Steve Allen, Soulful Brass #2 (Flying Dutchman, 1969)
 Ambersunshower, Walter T. Smith (Gee Street, 1997)
 David Arkenstone, Return of the Guardians (Narada, 1996)
 Beastie Boys, Ill Communication (Capitol, 1994)
 Terence Boylan, Terence Boylan (Asylum, 1977)
 David Garfield, Jammin' Outside the Box (Creatchy, 2018)
 Roy Haynes, Thank You Thank You (Galaxy, 1977)
 John Lee Hooker, Born in Mississippi, Raised Up in Tennessee (ABC, 1973)
 Osamu Kitajima, Masterless Samurai (Alfa, 1980)
 Gloria Lynne, I Don't Know How to Love Him (ABC/Impulse!, 1976)
 Ray Manzarek, The Whole Thing Started with Rock & Roll Now It's Out of Control (Mercury, 1974)
 Oliver Nelson, Black, Brown and Beautiful (Flying Dutchman, 1970)
 Art Pepper, Ballads by Four (Galaxy, 1981)
 Tom Scott, Foundation: The Dedication Series, Vol. XIV (Impulse!/ABC, 1978)
 Dan Siegel, Nite Ride (Inner City, 1980)
 Tom Snow, Tom Snow (Capitol, 1976)
 Steely Dan, The Royal Scam (ABC, 1976)
 Nancy Wilson, Life, Love and Harmony (Capitol, 1979) includes the track "Sunshine"
 Lauren Wood, Lauren Wood (Warner Bros., 1979)

References

External links
 Official website

1946 births
Living people
Musicians from Chicago
Jazz musicians from Illinois
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American saxophonists
American jazz alto saxophonists
American jazz tenor saxophonists
American male jazz musicians
American male saxophonists
Smooth jazz saxophonists
Cadet Records artists
Elektra Records artists
Impulse! Records artists
MCA Records artists
Novus Records artists
Verve Records artists

John Klemmer


is a fighting game developed for PS4 by SNK and for Nintendo Switch and PC by Abstraction Games. The game was released for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 in September 2018 and was published in Japan and Asia by SNK and SEGA and in International version by NIS America. An arcade version was released the following October and the Microsoft Windows version arrived in February 2019. It is a spiritual successor to SNK Gals' Fighters and features a 2v2 tag-team gameplay system, which was also used in Kizuna Encounter: Super Tag Battle.

Gameplay

As the game's title suggests, SNK Heroines: Tag Team Frenzy is a versus fighting game where each player uses two characters per fight but the players also choose an "Attacker" that serves as the playable character as well as a "Supporter" that assist the former. In contrast to other fighting games, it is impossible to defeat the enemy with a normal move, necessitating the use of a finishing move called the "Dream Finish". A move button can protect the character, while items are included for further gameplay features.

The game offers a story with different dialogues occurring depending on the characters fighting. Each character has additional costumes; cosmetic items are available to the players if they wish to change their characters' visual appearances. There is an online mode alongside an Spectator Mode where players can see other people's fights.

Plot
The story takes place between the events of fourteenth and fifteenth King of Fighters tournaments, most of the female fighters, including few of them who aren't present in the previous tournament (such as Jeanne D'Arc and the revived Shermie) suddenly fall unconscious. Upon waking, they find themselves in a strange mansion, along some male fighters who have been changed into women. The fighters attempt to battle their way out, but are confronted by the mastermind, Kukri, who reveals he has trapped them in his castle in a pocket dimension and they must defeat him to return home.

Characters

Development
Following the success of SNK's The King of Fighters XIV fighting game, SNK already had plans to make a sequel, The King of Fighters XV. However, they instead decided to develop a more light-hearted game solely focused on female fighters. Producer Yasuyuki Oda stated that while initial mentions of the game made the mechanics sound more simplified than previous games, the team also worked highly in a complex system which would attract experts in the genre. The game is also one of SNK's project with Nintendo for a long time. However, the game was also being developed for Sony's PlayStation 4.

The gameplay was designed to be completely different from the one of The King of Fighters XIV due to its distinctive features. In order to promote the game outside Japan, SNK made a partnership with NIS America to gather attention in the West. The sexualization of female characters was made on purpose, although Oda stated that characters like Mai Shiranui have received this reaction in many other games. Nevertheless, the team worked in order to make member from the cast retain their original characterization despite the change of looks. Due to negative feedback from BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle's use of downloadable content, the company intends to avoid having these types of marketing for the released game that will be released on stores. The game is similar to a previous SNK title, SNK Gals' Fighters (which co-developed with Paon DP, the current rights owner of 1994 Data East's Neo Geo sports game Windjammers), which used only female characters with the exception of the male crossdressing fighter Iori Yagami as "Miss X". The SNK staff received feedback from many fans who wanted Miss X within the game, but could not confirm whether Miss X would make an appearance; Miss X was later announced as downloadable content. SNK also stated one of the playable characters would surprise the fans. Producer Alan Costa stated the team is confident in how the game will be localized for Westerns following issues with the localization of Ys VIII: Lacrimosa of Dana. As part of the promotional collaboration with Arika and Square Enix (as well as Examu which having developed Samurai Shodown V and Samurai Shodown V Special for SNK), they allowed SNK to add Arika's fighting series character Skullomania (in his female form as Terry and counting Miss X) and Million Arthur's character Thief Arthur, in exchange of allowing them add original male Terry as a DLC in Arika's Fighting EX Layer and Miss X's original male identity Iori Yagami in Square Enix's licensed fighting game by Examu, Million Arthur: Arcana Blood respectively.

The game was released for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch in mid-2018, with SNK aiming for equivalent graphics and performance across the two platforms. The limited edition for both consoles includes extra material, including an artbook, a two-CD original soundtrack, a shirt and a "Fatal Cutie" cap. An arcade version of the game was released in October 2018.

Reception

SNK Heroines: Tag Team Frenzy received a mixed critical reception upon release. Mikhail Madnani from God Is a Geek rated the game a 7/10, praising its "unique" gameplay and competent online. Miguel Moran of The Sixth Axis awarded it a score of 8/10 and likewise praised the games "wildly different" battle system that "creates a whole new style of mind-games and combat-planning". Ben MacRae from outlet Crash Landed rated the title a 3/5, praising the art and animation but criticized the "empty stage design" and "lack of unlockables". Chris DeVisser from PlayStation Universe awarded the title 4/10, critical of the "simple combat system" and lauding it a "weak entry" in the SNK fighting game history.

As of April 2019, the game has only sold 300,000 units.

References

External links

Official Japanese website (SNK)
Official Chinese website (SEGA)

2018 video games
SNK games
2D fighting games
Tag team videogames
Arcade video games
NESiCAxLive games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Network games
Nintendo Switch games
Windows games
Video games developed in Japan
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Crossover fighting games

SNK Heroines: Tag Team Frenzy