Bill Moyer (September 17, 1933 – October 21, 2002) was a United States social change activist who was a principal organizer in the 1966 Chicago Open Housing Movement. He was an author, and a founding member of the Movement for a New Society.

Chicago Open Housing Movement
Initially trained as an engineer, Moyer was introduced to the philosophy and practice of nonviolence by Quaker friends, and completed a degree in social work. He became involved in campaigns for civil rights and open housing integration, working and organizing in the early and mid-1960s with the Chicago branch of the Quaker-based American Friends Service Committee along with Kale Williams, civil rights activist Bernard Lafayette, and others. Then, in 1966, he joined with James Bevel, Martin Luther King Jr. and the other leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the Chicago Movement.

James Bevel, who strategized and directed that action, credits Moyer with influencing him to center the Chicago Movement on open housing.

Further social movements
Over the next decade, Moyer was involved in the SCLC's 1969 Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C., nonviolent blockades of arms shipments to Bangladesh (1971) and to Vietnam (1972), support for the American Indian Movement occupation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota (1973), and a nuclear power plant blockade at Seabrook, New Hampshire (1977).

It was during the nonviolent blockade of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant, which involved the arrest of 1,414 individuals (most charges were later dropped), that Moyer recognised the need for social change activists to understand the dynamics behind movement success. In particular, the need to openly address the contradiction that activists often perceive the normal signs of campaign progress as signs of failure.

Moyer developed the Movement Action Plan (MAP) to achieve this end. Since its development it has been used to train hundreds of activists, most notably in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe.

After the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, Moyer participated in many workshops in Eastern Europe about nonviolence and social change. In the mid-1980s, he moved to San Francisco, California, where he began to explore Transpersonal psychology and continued his participation in the Friends meeting there. He also developed a workshop called "Creating Peaceful Relationships" based on his realizations regarding dominator cultures.

Moyer's book Doing Democracy (New Society Publishers), co-authored by JoAnn McAllister, Mary Lou Finley and Steven Soifer, summarises his theories of social change with case studies from the Civil Rights Movement, anti-nuclear, gay and lesbian, breast cancer and Global Justice movements.

References

External links
"Doing Democracy In the 21st Century"
Doing Democracy
The Movement Action Plan
The Movement Action Plan
Memorial Statement

1933 births
2002 deaths
American Quakers
American pacifists
Nonviolence advocates

William Moyer


Suzuki GSV-R is the name of the series of four-stroke V4 prototype motorcycles developed by Suzuki to compete in the MotoGP World Championship. The GSV-R replaced Suzuki's 500 cc two-stroke V4 RGV500 which was ridden by Kenny Roberts Jr. to win the 500cc World Championship in 2000.

The GSV-R was introduced on 2002, one year earlier than the original plan, with codename XRE0. New regulations were promoting the growth of four-stroke engines, and the performance of the new engine during testing was strong according to Suzuki. Despite the use of a new engine, XRE0 was using the old RGV500 Gamma Chassis, which was later criticized as a big mistake by many MotoGP analysts. Using the chassis and fairings that were previously made for the two-stroke RGV500 engine, XRE0 was hampered by many stability issues. The use of RGV500 Tyre spec was another mistake. Despite all of that, XRE0 was able to taste its first podium (2nd place) on the opening round at Suzuka and got third place at Rio in the same year. XRE0 achievements however were inconsistent, as the riders often fell down, crashed, or were forced to retire by technical failures. The top XRE0 rider by the end of The 2002 MotoGP Championship was Kenny Roberts Jr. in ninth place overall.

For 2007, MotoGP rules were changed to allow a maximum displacement of 800 cc. Suzuki introduced an 800 cc version of the GSV-R also known as GSV-R800.  The GSV-R800 was codenamed XRG0 because of its newly redesigned engine based on displacement limitations.  The new XRG0 engine was based from the layout of the 2006 990 cc GSV-R however, the XRG0 engines bore, stroke, and cylinder pitch had been redesigned to better suit the 800 cc engine displacement.  The factory Rizla Suzuki MotoGP team stated the new engines aim was to 'achieve the best possible horsepower and reliable high rpm operation, and to provide the riders with user friendly power delivery and predictable engine character.'   The XRG0 was also equipped with a redesigned engine control unit supplied by Mitsubishi, capable of producing 220 horsepower at 17,500 rpm.  The chassis layout and wheelbase length from the 2006 GSV-R XRE4 used in the 2006 MotoGP season remained on the new model, however the fairing design had been updated to better accommodate high speed stability.

The 2008 MotoGP season brought another redesigned GSV-R800 that Suzuki codenamed XRG1 as the successor to the XRG0 of the previous year.  This second generation 800 cc four-stroke prototype was the most complex and technically advanced racing motorcycle Suzuki had ever produced at its time.  The XRG1 had been developed closely with team riders Chris Vermeulen and Loris Capirossi and the feedback from the MotoGP team and Suzuki test engineers.  A key focus area in refining the XRG1 was improving acceleration.  This was accomplished by refining every detail of the 2007 XRG0 engine and an updated Mitsubishi ECU.  The resulted engine redesigning provided lower fuel consumption and increased usability.  Further refinements of the XRG0 chassis for the 2008 XRG1 allowed for better cornering performance and change of direction.  Along with the chassis refinements, a newly designed fairing  was developed to reduce wind resistance to enhance handling characteristics.

At the end of 2011 Suzuki pulled out of MotoGP until at least 2014, citing the need to reduce costs amid the global economic downturn.

Specifications

See also
 Honda RC212V
 Yamaha YZR-M1
 Aprilia RS Cube
 Ducati Desmosedici
 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-RR

References

MotoGP: 2010 Rizla Suzuki GSV-R MotoGP bike revealed

External links
 XRG1 specification at rizla-suzuki-motogp.co.uk

GSV-R
Grand Prix motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 2002

Suzuki GSV-R


The spotted dragonet (Callionymus maculatus) is a species of dragonet native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it occurs at depths of from . This species is important to local peoples engaged in subsistence fishing.

Description
The spotted dragonet is similar in shape to the common dragonet (Callionymus lyra) but it is smaller, growing to a total length of  in males and  in females. It has a broad, flattened head and body which is flat ventrally and convex dorsally and has a round cross-section posteriorly. The large eyes are situated quite close to each other on the top of the head which has a quite large, protractile mouth. The snout is a little shorter than the diamerter of the eye, being markedly shorter than that of the common dragonet. The preoperculum is hooked and has four spines, on pointing forwards and the remaining three point backwards. There are two high dorsal fins, taller in males than in females, and the first dorsal fin in males is a little higher than the second dorsal fin. The first dorsal fin has four rays and the second has 9-10 rays. The anal fin is similar in size to the second dorsal fin and it has a long tail. The pectoral fin are laterally situated and the pelvic fins are fan-shaped with a broad base. Females and immature males are yellowish-brown in colour with a double row of obvious brown spots on the flanks interspersed with smaller blue spots. Along the back there are four brown saddle shaped blotches. The mature males are similar but differ in having dorsal fin with four horizontal rows of conspicuous dark spots and smaller blue spots, females having two.

Distribution
The spotted dragonet is found in the eastern North Atlantic from southern and western Iceland and Norway south to Senegal and it also occurs in the Mediterranean Sea, including the Adriatic and Aegean but it is absent from the Black Sea. In the Atlantic its range includes the Canary Islands.

Habitat and biology
The spotted dragonet is a benthic fish which lives on sand substrates. Like other species of the family Callionymidae, this species spawns in pairs and has eggs, larvae, and postlarvae which are pelagic. In a study conducted off the coast of Scotland, the spawning season of the spotted dragonet was ascertained to extend from April to September, the females reached maturity faster than males and are serial spawners, and males may reach first maturity at different ages. The rays of the dorsal, anal and caudal fins grow at equal rates in females but grow at different rates in males after maturity has been reached. This species feeds mainly on polychaetes and amphipods, but bivalves, shrimps and brittle stars are also frequent components of its diet. Smaller specimens take more amphipods and fewer polychaetes than the larger individuals.

Human usage
The spotted dragonet is taken as bycatch but is normally discarded in the beach seine fishery on the central coast of Portugal. Dragonets are sometimes taken as bycatch in bottom trawls and marketed locally and some species are commercially used in the aquarium trade.

References

M
Fish described in 1810
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Spotted dragonet


Little Quittacas Pond is a lake/reservoir/pond within the towns of Lakeville and Rochester, in southeastern Massachusetts. Little Quittacas is one of the five great ponds of Southeastern Massachusetts that includes Long Pond, Assawompset Pond. Pocksha Pond,  Great Quittacas and Little Quittacas Ponds. It is the location of the New Bedford Water Works. These lakes provide a source of drinking water to the city of New Bedford, the largest city in southeastern Massachusetts. Snipatuit Pond is an outlier pond that flows into Buzzards Bay, via the Mattapoisett River and is connected to Great Quittacas through Snipituit Brook. The other great ponds drain into Narragansett Bay through the Taunton River. The five ponds are the largest natural fresh watersheds in Massachusetts.

References

External links
Environmental Protection Agency

Taunton River watershed
Lakes of Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Lakeville, Massachusetts
Rochester, Massachusetts
Reservoirs in Massachusetts

Little Quittacas Pond


Emeric Feher was a photographer born in Bečej (Austria-Hungary)  in 1904 and died in 1966 in Paris.

He became Yugoslav in 1919 and obtained French nationality in 1939.

His photographic production is characterized by the frequent use of square format (6x6). From 1933 to 1939, he worked for the Parisian Alliance Photo agency founded by Maria Eisner.

References

1904 births
1966 deaths
French photographers
Yugoslav emigrants to France

Emeric Feher


The Brawl to End It All is a professional wrestling event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and broadcast live on MTV. It took place at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York on July 23, 1984. The show was a major event in the Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection in the mid-1980s WWF, and began a storyline that ultimately culminated in the first WrestleMania. The main event featured The Fabulous Moolah defending the WWF Women's Championship against Wendi Richter. Richter pinned Moolah to win the Women's Championship. It was the only match of the event that was shown on national television (on MTV). In the main event from closed-circuit television Hulk Hogan pinned Greg Valentine to retain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. The entire event was recorded and shown on the Madison Square Garden Network however.

On September 5, 2019 the entire show was added to the WWE Network in their "Hidden Gems" section. It was removed the next day.

Background
Captain Lou Albano, a wrestling manager, appeared in Cyndi Lauper's 1983 music video for "Girls Just Want to Have Fun". This led to a scripted wrestling storyline in which Albano's sexism angered Lauper. Albano and Lauper appeared on WWF television programs to voice their anger at each other. Eventually, it was decided that the feud would be settled in a wrestling match. Lauper chose WWF female wrestler Wendi Richter to represent her, while Albano managed The Fabulous Moolah, who had held the WWF Women's Championship for almost 28 years.

Event

Although the event consisted of eleven matches, only the Richter vs. Moolah match was shown on television and Hogan vs. Valentine was shown on Closed Circuit Television. Several championships were defended on the card. Adrian Adonis and Dick Murdoch retained their WWF Tag Team Championship against Sgt. Slaughter and Terry Daniels. Antonio Inoki, the WWF World Martial Arts Heavyweight Champion won two matches at the event, as he retained his championship against Charlie Fulton and later won a 20-man battle royal.

In the main event match from closed-circuit television, Hogan pinned Valentine to retain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. While in the main event match from MTV, Richter pinned Moolah and was awarded the WWF Women's Championship.

The event had a 9.0 Nielsen rating, which made it the most-watched program in the history of MTV.

Aftermath
On February 18, 1985, the WWF promoted another wrestling event, The War to Settle the Score, on MTV. Lauper was involved again, as she intervened in the main event match that saw Hulk Hogan defend his WWF World Heavyweight Championship against Roddy Piper. Another featured match on the card saw The Fabulous Moolah avenge her loss to Richter by managing Leilani Kai to a victory over Richter for the WWF Women's Championship. The events in War to Settle the Score led directly to the first WrestleMania.

The event took place 9 days after Black Saturday and highlights from the event were shown on WWF World Championship Wrestling on WTBS.  Bob Backlund was on his way out of WWF after his five-year run as WWF Heavyweight Champion and moved to the NWA-AWA promotion Pro Wrestling USA; Backlund would not return to the WWF until 1992.  In January 1985 the North-South Connection of Adrian Adonis and Dick Murdoch would lose their WWF World Tag Team titles to Barry Windham and Mike Rotundo (the US Express).  Tito Santana would lose his Intercontinental title to Greg Valentine on an episode of Maple Leaf Wrestling in October of 1984.

Antonio Inoki would retain the WWF World Martial Arts title (in 1985 the title became the property of New Japan Pro Wrestling after the WWF and NJPW ended their working arrangement) until losing it to Shota Chochishvili in April 1989, ending Inoki's 11 year run as champion. Inoki regained the title a month later and then NJPW retired the title in favor of the "Greatest 18 Championship".

Results

References

External links
 Results at Online World of Wrestling

1984 in professional wrestling
MTV original programming
Events in New York City
Women's professional wrestling shows
WWE shows
1984 in New York City
1980s in Manhattan
Madison Square Garden
Professional wrestling in New York City
July 1984 events in the United States
Women in WWE

The Brawl to End It All


A "relative clause" is a string of words that contains a noun and a verb. Relative clauses can not stand on their own as a sentence and must begin with a "relative pronoun".

This is one of the most difficult aspects of English. Consider:
The bed I was lying on. (implies an answer to a previous question)
The bed that I was lying on... (implies a continuation)
The bed which I was lying on... (also implies a continuation)

Consider these two:

(1) The builder, who erects very fine houses, will make a large profit. (non-restrictive)

(2) The builder who erects very fine houses will make a large profit. (restrictive)

On the first, he will make a large profit, and it gives the reason.
In the second, the profit only comes if he builds well. The profit is conditional upon his performance.

Grammar

Relative clause


Kukruse () is a village in Toila Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia. It is located by the Tallinn–Narva road (E20), between the cities of Kohtla-Järve and Jõhvi. Adjacent to the village is a district of Kohtla-Järve sharing the same name, Kukruse.

Before the 2017 Administrative Reform, the village belonged to Kohtla Parish.

As of 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 52.

Kukersite, a marine type oil shale of Ordovician age, is named after Kukruse.

During the road construction in 2009, a cemetery approximately 800 years old was revealed. Fifty graves were studied. The human remains and objects placed in the graves provide a good picture of 13th century society, culture and beliefs. Some of the finds from Kukruse were displayed at the Estonian History Museum.

Kukruse Manor
Kukruse knight manor was first mentioned in 1453. The present building received its appearance in the 19th century when a second floor was added to the left wing of the originally baroque house.

Several prominent members of the Baltic German family von Toll has lived at Kukruse, namely genealogist Friedrich Ludwig von Toll (1781–1841), historian Robert von Toll (1802–1876) and geologist and Arctic explorer Eduard von Toll (1858–1902).

The manor currently houses a museum named "Kukruse Polar Manor" (), which is dedicated to Eduard von Toll and Sannikov Land.

References

External links
Kukruse Polar Manor
Kukruse manor at Estonian Manors Portal

Villages in Ida-Viru County
Manor houses in Estonia
Kreis Wierland

Kukruse


Brett Sutton (born 16 May 1959) is an Australian triathlon coach and a former professional boxer, boxing coach, greyhound trainer, racehorse trainer and swimming coach, who is the head coach of Trisutto.com. Before setting up Trisutto.com, he was head coach of the triathlon team teamTBB.

He has coached many World and Olympic champions, including Ironman world record holder Chrissie Wellington and Olympic champions Nicola Spirig and Emma Snowsill. He is known for his forthright views on training methods and strong criticism of the International Triathlon Union (ITU) and its officials.

In 1999, he pleaded guilty in an Australian court to five sexual offences committed in the late 1980s against a teenage girl swimmer whom he was coaching. After the trial, in which he was given a suspended sentence, he was banned for life from coaching in Australia, and Sutton's marriage ended in divorce. Sutton later remarried, and is now based in Leysin, Switzerland, where he lives with his Swiss wife Fiona and their two daughters.

He has been described as "the coach with the most formidable résumé in triathlon", "widely recognised as one of the best triathlon coaches", and "widely considered to be the best and most unorthodox coach in the sport".

References

Other websites

 Official website of teamTBB

1959 births
Living people

Brett Sutton


The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line (SPT Airboat Line) was the first scheduled airline using a fixed wing aircraft. The airline provided service between St. Petersburg, Florida and neighboring Tampa across Tampa Bay a distance of about 23 miles. It was in service from January to May 1914.

History
P. E. Fansler brought in Thomas W. Benoist to start a service using his new airboats to create a service to connect the two cities that were as much as a day's travel apart in 1913 depending on means of travel: 2 hours by boat, 20 hours by car, 4 to 12 hours by train. By plane, the travel time was about 23 minutes. A 3-month contract was signed with the St.Petersburg board of trade on the 10th anniversary of the Kitty Hawk flight on December 17, 1913, according to which the Board of Trade agreed to guarantee meeting the expenses of the airline should it not break even. The hangars promised for the airline were not completed, and the company's green and yellow aircraft Lark of Duluth went missing for several days leading up to the launch date as the freight train carrying it could not be located.

On January 1, 1914, the SPT Airboat Line became the world's first scheduled winged airline service. That same day, Antony H. Jannus piloted the airline's Benoist Type XIV on its maiden flight between St. Petersburg and Tampa. Due to widespread media coverage by the St. Petersburg Times, there were reportedly over 3,000 spectators at a parade accompanied by an Italian band at the departure point. An auction was then conducted for the first round-trip ticket. It was won with a final bid of $400 by the former mayor of St. Petersburg, Abram C. Pheil. Pheil then boarded the wooden, open-air craft for the 23-minute flight that rarely exceeded an altitude of  above the water of Tampa Bay. Two additional Benoist air boats were added to the fleet soon after. One was used to ferry passengers and the second was used to train pilots. Ticket prices were $5 per one-way flight (approximately $130 in 2020 dollars). The first air-cargo was a bundle of St. Petersburg Times newspapers. Freight rates were $5 per 100 pounds.

The airline continued to make flights until May 5, 1914, five weeks after contract termination. From start to finish, the airline covered over 7,000 miles, 172 flights, and 1,205 passengers.

Commenting on the significance of the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat line, Thomas Benoist, the builder of the Benoist airboats, said, "Some day people will be crossing oceans on airliners like they do on steamships today." The airline served as a prototype for today's global airline industry.

Aircraft
A Benoist XIV was used for flights.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United States

References

External links
 View images of the day of the maiden voyage

History of transportation in Florida
Defunct airlines of the United States
Airlines based in Florida
Defunct companies based in Florida
Aviation in Florida
20th century in St. Petersburg, Florida
20th century in Tampa, Florida
Airlines established in 1913
1913 establishments in Florida
Airlines disestablished in 1914
1914 disestablishments in Florida

St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line


In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. This type of landscaping is therefore called terracing. Graduated terrace steps are commonly used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain. Terraced fields decrease both erosion and surface runoff, and may be used to support growing crops that require irrigation, such as rice. The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras have been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of the significance of this technique.

Uses

Terraced paddy fields are used widely in rice, wheat and barley farming in east, south, southwest, and southeast Asia, as well as the Mediterranean Basin, Africa, and South America. Drier-climate terrace farming is common throughout the Mediterranean Basin, where they are used for vineyards, olive trees, cork oak, and other crops.

Ancient history

The Yemen Highlands are known for their terrace systems which were constructed at the beginning of Bronze Age in the 3rd millennium BC. Terracing is also used for sloping terrain; the Hanging Gardens of Babylon may have been built on an artificial mountain with stepped terraces, such as those on a ziggurat. At the seaside Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum, the villa gardens of Julius Caesar's father-in-law were designed in terraces to give pleasant and varied views of the Bay of Naples.

Intensive terrace farming is believed to have been practiced before the early 15th century AD in West Africa. Terraces were used by many groups, notably the Mafa, Ngas, Gwoza, and the Dogon.

Recent history
It was long held that steep mountain landscapes are not conducive to, or do not even permit, agricultural mechanization. In the 1970s in the European Alps, pasture farms began mechanizing the management of alpine pastures and harvesting of forage grasses through use of single axle two-wheel tractors (2WTs) and very low center of gravity articulated steering 4-wheel tractors. Their designs by various European manufacturers were initially quite simple but effective, allowing them to cross slopes approaching 20%.  In the 2000s new designs of wheels and tires, tracks, etc, and incorporation of electronics for better and safer control, allowed these machines to operate on slopes greater than 20% with various implements such as reaper-harvesters, rakes, balers, and transport trailers.

In Asian sub-tropical countries, a similar process has begun with the introduction of smaller, lower-tech and much lower-priced 2WTs in the 4-9 horsepower range that can be safely operated in the small, narrow terraces, and are light enough to be lifted and lowered from one terrace to the next. What is different from the Alpine use is that these 2WTs are being used for tillage and crop establishment of maize, wheat, and potato crops, and with their small 60-70cm-wide rotovators and special cage wheels are puddling the terraces for transplanted and broadcast rice. Farmers are also using the engines as stationary power sources for powering water pumps and threshers. Even more recently farmers are experimenting with use of small reaper-harvester attachments. In Nepal, the low costs of these mostly Chinese-made machines and the increased productivity they produce have meant that this scale-appropriate machinery is spreading across Nepal's Himalaya Mountains and likely into the other countries of the Himalaya and Hindu Kush.

In specific areas

South America
In the South American Andes, farmers have used terraces, known as andenes, for over a thousand years to farm potatoes, maize, and other native crops. Terraced farming was developed by the Wari culture and other peoples of the south-central Andes before 1000 AD, centuries before they were used by the  Inca, who adopted them. The terraces were built to make the most efficient use of shallow soil and to enable irrigation of crops by allowing runoff to occur through the outlet.

The Inca people built on these, developing a system of canals, aqueducts, and puquios to direct water through dry land and increase fertility levels and growth. These terraced farms are found wherever mountain villages have existed in the Andes. They provided the food necessary to support the populations of great Inca cities and religious centres such as Machu Picchu.

Myanmar
In mountainous areas of Myanmar, terrace farming is known locally as the staircase or ladder farming (in Myanmar: mm:လှေခါးထစ်‌တောင်ယာ) and the agriculture technique of that kind is known as လှေခါးထစ်စိုက်ပျိုးနည်း.

Japan
In Japan, some of the 100 Selected Terraced Rice Fields (in Japanese: 日本の棚田百選一覧), from Iwate in the north to Kagoshima in the south, are slowly disappearing, but volunteers are helping the farmers both to maintain their traditional methods and for sightseeing purposes.

Canary Islands

Terraced fields are common in islands with steep slopes. The Canary Islands present a complex system of terraces covering the landscape from the coastal irrigated plantations to the dry fields in the highlands. These terraces, which are named cadenas (chains), are built with stone walls of skillful design, which include attached stairs and channels.

England
In Old English, a terrace was also called a "lynch" (lynchet). An example of an ancient Lynch Mill is in Lyme Regis. The water is directed from a river by a duct along a terrace. This set-up was used in steep hilly areas in the UK.

Israel

Ancient terraces are a common feature in the Jerusalem Mountains, often found in conjunction with ancient rock-cut agricultural structures including quarries, winepresses, olive oil presses, water holes, lime kilns, roads, and agricultural watchtowers. According to Zvi Ron's estimation, these terraces encompass approximately 56% of the open grounds in the area.

Despite their prevalence, there is a lack of consensus among scholars regarding their construction date. Various theories have been proposed, with Zvi Ron suggesting that their origins date back to ancient times, Finkelstein proposing the Middle Bronze Age, and Feig, Stager, and Harel suggesting the Iron Age. Archaeologists Gibson and Edelstein conducted research on terrace systems in the Rephaim valley, proposing that the ones in Khirbet er-Ras were built during the Iron Age II, whereas those in Ein Yael were linked to the Second Temple and Roman periods. Seligman suggested that while some terraces were established in ancient times, the majority of them are more likely to have originated during the Roman and Byzantine periods. A 2014 research study on terraces near Ramat Rachel, using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL), yielded dates ranging from the Hellenistic period to Mamluk and Ottoman times. The majority of the samples fell within the latter periods. However, the study's ability to precisely determine the original construction date remains uncertain, as the results could also reflect subsequent agricultural modifications that affected exposure to sunlight.

Gallery

See also
 Anden
 Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
 Yuanyang County, Yunnan
 Banaue Rice Terraces
 Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
 Satoyama
 Terrace garden
 Terraced wall

References

External links

Terrace Fields around the World

Agricultural terminology
Articles containing video clips
Artificial landforms

Terrace (earthworks)


Snowy River National Park is a national park in Victoria (Australia), 323 km east of Melbourne. The park includes much of the Snowy River.

A lot of the park is a protected wilderness area, with no access for vehicles. The park in the Little River Gorge area, has one of the last natural habitats for the endangered Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby. Numbers for this species are estimated as extremely small, with the rugged terrain making it difficult to count the population. Over 250 species have been found in the park, 29 are rare or threatened in Victoria. These include the Long-footed Potoroo, Spotted Quoll (Tiger Quoll), Giant Burrowing Frog and Eastern She-oak Skink.

Little River Gorge
Little River Gorge is Victoria's deepest gorge. The Little River drops 610 metres from the Wulgulmerang plateau over a distance 14 km to where it joins the Snowy River at a height of 122 metres above sea level.

McKillops Bridge
McKillops Road is the northern park boundary, with the Alpine National Park to the north of the road. The road is not suitable  for caravans, trailers and large trucks because it is steep and winding. At McKillops Bridge the road which crosses the Snowy River near its junction with the Deddick River. A camping site near McKillops Bridge has excellent spots for swimming. It is also a good place to begin canoe and raft trips through the rugged gorges downstream. It is the start for the 18km Silver Mine Walking Track and the short Snowy River Trail.

References

National parks in Australia
Protected areas of Victoria (Australia)

Snowy River National Park


Lazar "Laza" Ristovski (Serbian Cyrillic: Лаза Ристовски, ; 23 January 1956 – 6 October 2007) was a Serbian and former Yugoslav keyboardist, known for being a member of rock bands Smak and Bijelo Dugme, as well as for his eclectic solo work that spanned many different musical genres.

Biography

Early life
Lazar Ristovski was born in Novi Pazar, as his father, a Yugoslav People's Army officer, was stationed there at the time. When Ristovski was two years old, the family moved to Kraljevo, which is where he grew up.

Early career (1970-74)
Ristovski formed his first band, Bezimeni (The Nameless), when he was fourteen. The band made only one recording, the song "Maštarenje", which was released on various artists album Veče uz radio (Evening by the Radio) in 1975. In the summer of 1974, Bezimeni performed in Bečići, where a well-known clarinetist Boki Milošević heard their performance. After Milošević's invitation, Ristovski moved to Belgrade and became a member of Milošević's orchestra.

Smak (1975-76)
During the autumn of 1974, Ristovski started performing with Kragujevac-based progressive rock band Smak, but became their official member as of January 1975. With Smak he recorded their debut self-titled album (1975), the EP Satelit (Satellite, 1976), Radomir Mihajlović's first solo album, R. M. Točak (1976), and several singles.

Bijelo Dugme, Laza i Ipe (1976-78)
In October 1976, Ristovski was persuaded by Goran Bregović to join Sarajevo-based hard rock band Bijelo Dugme as the band was getting ready to start recording their third studio album Eto! Baš hoću! (There! I Will!). Ristovski was a replacement for their regular keyboardist Vlado Pravdić, who had to serve the mandatory army stint. With Bijelo Dugme he recorded the album Eto! Baš hoću! (1976) and the live album Koncert kod Hajdučke česme (1977).

As Bregović left for his own army stint in November 1977, thus putting the band on hiatus, Ristovski and Ivandić decided to start working on a side project. Naming their act Laza & Ipe, they recorded the symphonic rock-oriented album entitled Stižemo (Here We Come) in London during February and March 1978. The album, featuring lyrics by Ranko Boban, was recorded in London with Leb i Sol leader Vlatko Stefanovski on guitar, Zlatko Hold on bass guitar, and Goran Kovačević and Ivandić's sister Gordana on vocals. The album was well received by the critics, and Ristovski and Ivandić decided to leave Bijelo Dugme.

On 10 September, the same day for which the beginning of the promotional tour was scheduled, Ivandić, Kovačević and Boban were arrested for owning hashish, which ended Laza & Ipe activity. At the beginning of 1978, Ristovski worked with the band Vatra, but eventually returned to Smak in late 1978.

Back to Smak, the beginning of solo career (1978-81)
In 1980, Ristovski recorded the album Rok cirkus (Rock Circus) with Smak. During the same year, Ristovski released his debut solo release, a 7-inch single with the songs "Tražiš oproštaj" ("You Seek Forgiveness") and "Andželika" ("Angelica"), both composed by Tugomir Vidanović. Members of Mama Co Co and Vatra were involved in the single recording.

In 1981, he recorded another album with Smak, Zašto ne volim sneg (Why I Don't Like the Snow), however, the band disbanded shortly after the album release. After Smak disbanded, Ristovski took part in the recording of Smak former vocalist Boris Aranđelović's solo album Iz profila (1982).

Solo career (1982-85)
Ristovski's debut solo album Merge was released in 1982, and became the best-selling instrumental music album in Yugoslavia 1983. Until his return to Bijelo Dugme in 1985, he released three more solo albums: 2/3 (1983), Roses for a General (1984) and Vojnički dani (Army Days, 1984). The latter featured instrumental versions of Yugoslav revolutionary songs.

Back to Bijelo Dugme (1985-89)
He returned to Bijelo Dugme in 1985. From 1985 to 1989, both Ristovski and Vlado Pravdić were the members of the band, Ristovski usually playing various keyboards and synthesizers, while Vlado Pravdić played the organ.

Ristovski stayed in Bijelo Dugme until the band broke up in 1989, releasing the studio albums Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo (Spit and Sing, My Yugoslavia, 1986) and Ćiribiribela (1988) and the live album Mramor, kamen i željezo (Marble, Stone and Iron, 1987) with the band. During this period, he also recorded the album Opera (1986) with percussionist Nenad Jelić.

Osvajači, Smak reunion (1990-92)
In 1990, Ristovski became a joined member of the glam metal band Osvajači, playing keyboards on and producing their debut album Krv i led (Blood and Ice, 1990).

In 1992, Ristovski took part in Smak reunion, performing with them on one Kragujevac and three Belgrade concerts, the first Belgrade concert resulting in a live album OdLIVEno (LIVEquefied, 1992). After the Belgrade concerts, the band, despite the plans for recording a studio album, disbanded.

Solo career, Bijelo Dugme reunion (1993-2007)
In 1993, Ristovski released his first solo album since 1986, Quit. In 1994, he recorded well-received album Naos (Nave) with Bajaga i Instruktori keyboardist Saša Lokner. Some of the songs on Naos were inspired by Orthodox spiritual music. In 2003, he released the album Gondola, and in 2006, the album Laza Ristovski Plays Simon & Garfunkel, featuring instrumental versions of Simon & Garfunkel songs.

Despite using a wheelchair due to multiple sclerosis, Ristovski took part in three Bijelo Dugme reunion shows (in Sarajevo, Zagreb, and Belgrade) during June 2005. The shows resulted in a live album Turneja 2005 - Sarajevo, Zagreb, Beograd (Tour 2005 - Sarajevo, Zagreb, Belgrade, 2005).

Death and legacies
Ristovski died in Belgrade on 6 October 2007 following a long battle with multiple sclerosis.

After his death, a posthumous album Drvo života (Tree of Life) was released in 2008. The album, on which Ristovski worked before his death, featured guest appearances by Dragi Jelić, Tijana Dapčević, Nikola Čuturilo, members of Del Arno Band, Igor Lazić, Dado Topić, Saša Ranđelović, and others. In 2008, PGP-RTS released two compilation albums, one featuring Merge and 2/3, and the other featuring Vojnički dani and Roses for a General in their entirety.

In March 2016, a documentary about Ristovski was announced. The documentary will be directed by Ivan Grlić. On November 9, 2016, in Belgrade's Sava Centar a concert entitled Iza horizonta was held, honoring Ristovski. The concert featured performances by Ristovski's former bandmates, collaborators and friends: Radomir Mihajlović "Točak" and Slobodan Stojanović "Kepa" (of Smak), Alen Islamović, Goran Bregović, Kiki Lesendrić & Piloti, Zana, Saša Lokner, Vasil Hadžimanov, Bilja Kristić & Bistrik, Neverne Bebe, Ognjen Radivojević, Kornelije Kovač, Nikola Čuturilo, Pera Joe, Bata Kostić, Dragan "Krle" Jovanović (of Generacija 5) and others. The concert also featured appearance by the actor Lazar Ristovski.

Collaborations
Ristovski played on more than thousand albums of rock, jazz and folk music. He played keyboards on albums by Slađana Milošević, Zana, Oliver Mandić, Raša Đelmaš, Dušan Prelević, Vatreni Poljubac, Rajko Kojić,  Bilja Krstić, Željko Bebek, Milić Vukašinović, Leb i Sol, Aska, Seid Memić, Aerodrom, Boris Novković, Viktorija, Jura Stublić & Film, Nikola Čuturilo, Piloti, Bebi Dol, Galija, Balkan, Vlado Janevski among others.

During his career Ristovski worked with international stars like Falco and Richard Palmer-James. At the beginning of the 1980s, Ristovski was a member of Alvin Lee Band and played on their Yugoslav and Hungarian tour. Ristovski also worked with RTB Jazz Orchestra.

Film music
Ristovski wrote music for the films Lazar (1984), Zaboravljeni (1988), Hajde da se volimo 2 (1989), Violinski ključ (1990), Pokojnik (1990), A Holy Place (1990), Hajde da se volimo 3 (1990), Velika frka (1992), Mrav pešadinac (1993), Napadač (1993), Osmeh Margaret Jursenar (1993), Obračun u kazino kabareu (1993), Pretty Village, Pretty Flame (1996), and Impure Blood (1997). The music from Impure Blood was released on the album Muzika iz filma Nečista krv (1997). He was one of Goran Bregović's closest associates on Bregović's early movie soundtrack projects.

Accolades
Ristovski was voted the best Yugoslav keyboardist for eleven years in a row by Yugoslav music magazines. On the 1984 film festival in Sopot Ristovski was awarded for the Lazar movie soundtrack. He also won the Golden Medal on the 36th and the 39th animated movie festival in Belgrade. In 1986, he was awarded with Estradna nagrada Srbije.

Discography

With Smak

Studio albums
 1975 - Smak
 1980 - Rock cirkus
 1981 - Zašto ne volim sneg

Extended plays
 1976 - Satelit

Live albums
 1992 - "odLIVEno"

Compilation albums
 1977 - Ulazak u Harem / Plava pesma
 1992 - Smak: Retrospektiva
 1995 - The Best of Smak
 1996 - Star? Mlad. Večan?
 2001 - Istorija
 2008 - The Best of Smak

Singles
 1975 - "Ulazak u harem" / "Sto ptica"
 1975 - "Ulazak u harem" / "Epitaf"
 1976 - "Ljudi nije fer" / "El dumo"
 1979 - Smak Super 45
 1980 - "Rock cirkus" / "Hirošima"

with Bijelo Dugme

Studio albums
 1976 - Eto! Baš hoću!
 1986 - Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo
 1988 - Ćiribiribela

Live albums
 1978 - Koncert kod Hajdučke česme
 1988 - Mramor, kamen i željezo
 2005 - Turneja 2005 - Sarajevo, Zagreb, Beograd

Solo

Studio albums
 1978 - Stižemo (with Ipe Ivandić)
 1982 - Merge
 1983 - 2/3
 1984 - Vojnički dani
 1984 - Roses for a General
 1985 - Opera (with Nenad Jelić)
 1993 - Quit
 1994 - Naos (with Saša Lokner)
 1997 - Muzika iz filma Nečista krv
 2003 - Gondola
 2006 - Laza Ristovski Plays Simon & Garfunkel

Posthumous studio albums
 2008 - Drvo života

Compilation albums
 1997 - Svetlost u A-duru (Antologija)
 2000 - The Best Of Instrumental Works
 2000 - Platinum
 2008 - Merge + 2/3
 2008 - Vojnički Dani + Roses For A General

Singles
 1980 - "Tražiš oproštaj" / "Andželika"

References

External links
Laza Ristovski at Discogs

Laza Ristovski at Progarchives

1956 births
2007 deaths
Serbian rock keyboardists
Serbian electronic musicians
Serbian record producers
People from Novi Pazar
Musicians from Kraljevo
Deaths from multiple sclerosis
People with multiple sclerosis
Neurological disease deaths in Serbia
New-age composers
Serbian people with disabilities
Musicians with disabilities

Laza Ristovski


Sylvie Hülsemann (born 1944) is a retired Luxembourgian water skier.  She won the world championship on her second attempt, in 1961, at the age of 16.  In addition, she was the European Women's Overall Champion in 1961, 1966, and 1968.

Sporting career details

First international competition: 1957, Juan-les-Pins, France.
Last international competition: 1979, Malines/Mechelen, Belgium.

During 23 years of international competition, Sylvie amassed
more than 90 wins, 60 second places and 30 third places.
In addition, she was national champion in all events from 1959 to 1976
and she is, to this day, holder of all the national records.

In 8 participations in the biennial World Championships from 1959
to 1977, she won 2 gold medals, 2 silvers and 1 bronze.

In 13 participations in the European Championships from 1959 to 1977
she won 9 gold medals, 6 silvers and 11 bronzes.

During this period, she received the following European (World Water Ski Union Group 2) awards:
Diamond ski 1965, 1966, 1968.     Gold ski 1967, 1971.  Silver ski 1974

She came fourth in the women's tricks at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, Germany. In 1972 water skiing was a demonstration sport at the Olympics.

In 1997, Sylvie was elected to the IWSF (International Water Ski Federation) Hall of Fame.

External links
 IWSF Hall of Fame entry

Luxembourgian water skiers
Water skiers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
1944 births
Living people
Summer Olympics competitors for Luxembourg

Sylvie Hülsemann


Appointment with Death is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 2 May 1938 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.

The book features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and reflects Christie's experiences travelling in the Middle East with her husband, the archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan. The main settings are Jerusalem and Petra.

Plot introduction

Holidaying in Jerusalem, Poirot overhears Raymond Boynton telling his sister, "You do see, don't you, that she's got to be killed?" Their stepmother, Mrs Boynton, is a sadistic tyrant who dominates her family. When she is found dead on a trip to Petra, Poirot proposes to solve the case in twenty-four hours, even though he has no way of knowing whether it was murder.

Plot summary
The novel opens as the family and the victim are introduced through the perspective of Sarah King and Dr Gerard, who discuss the behaviour of the family. Mrs Boynton is sadistic and domineering, behaviours which she may have carried over from her original profession of prison warden. Sarah is attracted to Raymond Boynton, while Jefferson Cope admits to wanting to take Nadine Boynton away from her husband, Lennox Boynton, and the influence of her mother-in-law. Having been thwarted in her desire to free the young Boyntons, Sarah confronts Mrs Boynton whose apparent reply is a strange threat: "I've never forgotten anything – not an action, not a name, not a face." When the party reaches Petra, Mrs Boynton uncharacteristically sends her family away from her for a period. Later, she is found dead with a needle puncture in her wrist.

Poirot claims that he can solve the mystery within twenty-four hours simply by interviewing the suspects. During these interviews he establishes a timeline that seems impossible: Sarah King places the time of death considerably before the times at which various of the family members claim last to have seen the victim alive. Attention is focused on a hypodermic syringe that has seemingly been stolen from Dr Gerard's tent and later replaced. The poison administered to the victim is believed to be digitoxin, something that she already took medicinally.

Poirot then calls for a meeting and explains how each member of the family has, in turn, discovered Mrs Boynton to be dead and, suspecting another family member, failed to report the fact. None of the family would have needed to murder the victim with a hypodermic, since an overdose could have been administered much more effectively in her medicine, to which they had access. This places the suspicion on one of the outsiders.

The murderer is revealed to be Lady Westholme who, prior to her marriage, had been incarcerated in the prison in which the victim was once a warden. It was not to Sarah, but to Lady Westholme standing behind her, that Mrs Boynton had addressed that peculiar threat; the temptation to acquire a new subject to torture had been too great for her to resist. Lady Westholme feared that Mrs Boynton would divulge her criminal past and disrupt her political career. Disguised as an Arab servant, she had committed the murder and then relied upon the suggestibility of Miss Pierce to lay two pieces of misdirection that had concealed her role in the murder. Lady Westholme, eavesdropping on Poirot's summation from an adjoining room, overhears that her crime is about to be revealed to the world and commits suicide with a revolver she carried when traveling. The family, free at last, take up happier lives: Sarah marries Raymond; Carol marries Jefferson; and Ginevra takes up a successful career as a stage actress and marries Dr Gerard.

Characters
 Hercule Poirot, renowned Belgian detective
 Colonel Carbury, senior figure in Emirate of Transjordan
 Mrs Boynton, the victim
 Ginevra Boynton, the victim's daughter
 Raymond Boynton, the victim's stepson
 Carol Boynton, the victim's stepdaughter
 Lennox Boynton, the victim's stepson
 Nadine Boynton, the victim's stepdaughter-in-law (Lennox's wife)
 Jefferson Cope, a family friend
 Dr Gerard, a French psychologist
 Sarah King, a young doctor
 Lady Westholme, a member of Parliament and the murderer
 Miss Amabel Pierce, a former nursery governess

Literary significance and reception
Simon Nowell-Smith's review in the Times Literary Supplement of 7 May 1938 concluded that "Poirot, if the mellowing influence of time has softened many of his mannerisms, has lost none of his skill. His examination of the family, the psychologists and the few others in the party, his sifting of truth from half-truth and contradiction, his playing off one suspect against another and gradual elimination of each in turn are in Mrs Christie's most brilliant style. Only the solution appears a trifle tame and disappointing."

In The New York Times Book Review for 11 September 1938, Kay Irvin said, "Even a lesser Agatha Christie story holds its readers' attention with its skillful management of suspense. Appointment with Death is decidedly of the lesser ranks: indeed, it comes close to being the least solid and satisfactory of all the Poirot mystery tales. Its presentation of a family harried and tortured by a sadistic matriarch is shot full of psychological conversation and almost entirely deficient in plot. And yet, when the evil-hearted old tyrant has been murdered at last and Poirot considers the suspects, one follows with genuine interest the unraveling of even unexciting clues."

In The Observer issue of 1 May 1938, "Torquemada" (Edward Powys Mathers) said, "I have to confess I have just been beaten again by Agatha Christie. There was no excuse. I was feeling in particularly good form; and the worst of it is that she handicapped herself in the latest game with what in anyone else would be insolent severity. Murder on the Nile (sic) was entirely brilliant; Appointment with Death, while lacking the single stroke of murderer's genius which provided the alibi in the former story, must be counted mathematically nearly twice as brilliant, since the number of suspects is reduced by nearly half. Indeed, though we begin our story in Jerusalem and meet our murder in Petra, the Red Rose City, we might as well be in a snowbound vicarage as far as the limitation of suspicion is concerned. And it is in this respect that Agatha Christie repeats her Cards on the Table triumph and beats Steinitz with a single row of pawns."

The Scotsman of 9 May 1938 said, "As usual, Miss Christie plays fair with her readers. While the solution comes with a shock of surprise, it is logical enough: the clues are there, one could fasten upon them and assess their importance. Perhaps it is another case of the reader being unable to see the wood for the trees; but there are so many trees. Not this author's best crime novel, Appointment with Death is yet clever enough and convincing enough to stand head and shoulders above the average work of the kind."

E R Punshon of The Guardian in his review of 27 May 1938 summarised: "For ingenuity of plot and construction, unexpectedness of dénouement, subtlety of characterisation, and picturesqueness of background, Appointment with Death may take rank among the best of Mrs Christie's tales."

Mary Dell in the Daily Mirror of 19 May 1938 said, "This is not a book I should recommend you to read last thing at night. The malignant eye of Mrs Boynton might haunt your sleep and make a nightmare of your dreams. It's a pretty eerily bloodcurdling tale. A grand book."

Robert Barnard wrote: "Notable example of the classic-era Christie, with excellent Near East setting, and the repulsive matriarch as victim. The family tensions around her are conveyed more involvingly than usual. The detection, with its emphasis on who-was-where-and-when, is a little too like Ngaio Marsh of the period, and there is some vagueness in the motivation, but this is as taut and atmospheric as any she wrote."

References to other works
The novel mentions several other Poirot investigations: the detective is seen to retell to Colonel Carbury the story of Cards on the Table, and Colonel Race from this investigation is mentioned. Nadine Boynton actually confronts Poirot with his own actions in the conclusion of Murder on the Orient Express, Poirot suggesting that she was told by one of the case's figures. Miss Pierce also comments on The A.B.C. Murders when she recognises Poirot as a great detective.

Publication history

 1938, Collins Crime Club (London), 2 May 1938, Hardback, 256 pp
 1938, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1938, Hardback, 301 pp
 1946, Dell Books, Paperback, (Dell number 105 [mapback]), 192 pp
 1948, Penguin Books, Paperback, (Penguin number 682), 206 pp
 1957, Pan Books, Paperback, 159 pp (Pan number 419)
 1960, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 159 pp
 1975, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 334 pp

The first true publication of Appointment with Death occurred in the US with a nine-part serialisation in Collier's Weekly from 28 August (Volume 100, Number 9) to 23 October 1937 (Volume 100, Number 17) with illustrations by Mario Cooper.

The UK serialisation was in twenty-eight parts in the Daily Mail from Wednesday, 19 January to Saturday, 19 February 1938 under the title of A Date with Death. Fifteen of the instalments contained illustrations by J. Abbey (Joseph van Abbé, brother of Salomon van Abbé). This version did not contain any chapter divisions and omitted various small paragraphs such as the quote in Part I, Chapter twelve from Dr Gerard which is taken from Book IV of Ecclesiastes. The political argument between Lady Westholme and Dr Gerard in chapter ten about the League of Nations was also deleted. Finally, the epilogue did not appear in the serialisation.

Four days before the first instalment appeared, in the edition dated Saturday, 15 January, a piece specially written by Christie as an introduction to the serialisation appeared in the Daily Mail. She charted the creation of Poirot and expressed her feelings about him in the famous quote, "There have been moments when I have felt: 'Why-why-why did I ever invent this detestable, bombastic, tiresome little creature!'"

Adaptations

Stage

Christie adapted the book as a play of the same name in 1945. It is notable for being one of the most radical reworkings of a novel Christie ever did, not only eliminating Hercule Poirot from the story, but also changing the identity of the killer. In the play, the ill Mrs Boynton committed suicide and dropped several red herrings that pointed to her family members as possible suspects, hoping that they would suspect each other and therefore continue to live in her shadow even after her death. In addition, the character of Carol Boynton has been dropped, Ginevra is now a stepdaughter (rather than a natural child) of Mrs Boynton, Lady Westholme becomes an ex-Member of Parliament, Miss Pierce is now Miss Pryce, and Alderman Higgs has been added as a fellow vacationer/verbal sparring partner for Lady Westholme.

Film

The novel was later adapted into the sixth of six films to star Peter Ustinov as Poirot, and released in 1988. The film retained the essential plot of the book, though the location of the murder was changed from Petra to Qumran, an archaeological site in Palestine. The cast included Lauren Bacall, Carrie Fisher, Sir John Gielgud, Piper Laurie, Hayley Mills, Jenny Seagrove and David Soul. In the film Miss Pierce was renamed Miss Quinton, and the character of Dr Gerard was removed.

Television

United States
The first television adaptation was as an episode of the CBS anthology series Danger, broadcast on 16 January 1951.

British
The novel was adapted for the eleventh season of the series Agatha Christie's Poirot starring David Suchet as Poirot. The screenplay was written by Guy Andrews and it was filmed in Casablanca (with Mahkama du Pacha acting as Hotel Constantine in the adaptation and Kasbah Boulaouane as the excavation site) and El Jadida, Morocco in May 2008. It was directed by Ashley Pearce, who also directed Mrs McGinty's Dead and Three Act Tragedy. The cast included Christina Cole, Tim Curry, John Hannah, Elizabeth McGovern and Zoe Boyle. The adaptation features a significant number of plot changes:

 Mrs Boynton is now Lady Boynton after having married newly added character Lord Boynton, an archaeologist searching for John the Baptist's head. She was previously Mrs Pierce and all references to her having worked in the prison system are removed.
 An added plot element features Sister Agnieszka, an agent of white slavers who attempts to abduct one of the Boynton girls.
 Lady Westholme's background and motivation are considerably different. In this version she is Dame Celia Westholme, an acclaimed author and traveler who was originally Mrs Pierce's maid. After a night with visiting houseguest Dr Gerard, she became pregnant, and was forced to give up her daughter, Jinny (Ginevra). Westholme and Gerard work together to murder Lady Boynton as revenge for the trauma she inflicted on their daughter and the other children.
 Additionally, Nanny Taylor, Lady Boynton's accomplice in the children's abuse, is also a new character.
 Lennox Boynton and Jefferson Cope are combined into one character, Leslie Jefferson Cope, an adopted sibling of the Boyntons who was eventually sent away.
 Nadine Boynton and Miss Amabel Pierce are absent.

French
The novel was adapted as a 2019 episode of the French television series Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie.

Japanese
The novel was adapted as a two hour special Shi to no Yakusoku (死との約束, lit. Promise of Death) by Fuji Television in Japan, continuing their series of adaptations of Christie stories for the Japanese market.

Radio
Appointment with Death was adapted by Michael Bakewell for BBC Radio 4, featuring John Moffatt as Poirot.

References

External links
Appointment with Death at the official Agatha Christie website

1938 British novels
Hercule Poirot novels
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in Collier's
Novels set in Jerusalem
Novels set in Jordan
Collins Crime Club books
British novels adapted into films
British novels adapted into plays
British novels adapted into television shows
Petra in fiction

Appointment with Death


John Milner (1628–1702) was an English clergyman, known as a nonjuring minister, scholar and opponent of John Locke.

Life
Milner was second son of John Milner and Mary, daughter of Gilbert Ramsden, born at Skircoat, in the parish of Halifax, and was baptised 10 February 1628. He was educated at the Halifax grammar school and entered at Christ's College, Cambridge, 21 June 1642. He probably left without a degree ahead of the parliamentary visitation of the university. Returning to Halifax he made the acquaintance of John Lake, whose sister he seems to have married. Milner was probably with Lake at Oldham in 1651; it has been inferred that he was schoolmaster at Chadderton appointed in August 1641. Lake's friend was preaching at Oldham as late as 1654.

Milner is said to have subsequently returned to Halifax, and at the Restoration was given the curacy of Beeston in the parish of Halifax by Lake, who had then become vicar of Leeds. In 1662 he obtained the degree of B.D. at Cambridge by royal letters. His petition for his degree states that he had been deprived of a good benefice during the rebellion. In the same year he was made minister of St. John's, Leeds, was inducted vicar of Leeds 4 August 1673, and elected prebendary of Ripon 29 March 1681.

At the Glorious Revolution of 1688 he joined the nonjurors, was deprived of all his preferments, and retired to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he lived in comparative ease. He died 16 February 1702, and was buried in the college chapel on 19 February. His only son, Thomas, vicar of Bexhill, Sussex, proved a great benefactor to Magdalene College, Cambridge, under his will dated 5 September 1721.

Works
Milner published:

 'Conjectanea in Isaiam ix. 1, item in Parallela qusedam Veteris ac Novi Testamenti in quibus Versionis LXX Interpretum . . . cum Textu Hebraeo conciliationem meditatur Author,' dedicated to James Duport and Edmund Castell, London, 1673.
 'A Collection of the Church History of Palestine from the Birth of Christ to the Beginning of the Empire of Diocletian,' London, 1688.
 'A Short Dissertation concerning the Four Last Kings of Judah,' London, 1687 or 1689, occasioned by Joseph Scaliger's Judicium de Thesi Chronologica.
 'De Nethinim sive Nethinaeis et de eis qui se Corban Deo nominabant disputatiuncula adversus Eugabinum, Card. Baronium,' Cambridge, 1690.
 'A Defence of Archbishop Usher against Dr. Cary and Dr. Isaac Vossius, . . . with an Introduction concerning the Uncertainty of Chronology,' Cambridge, 1694. Controversial work supporting James Ussher against Robert Cary and Isaac Vossius.
 'A Discourse of Conscience,' &c., London, 1697 or 1699.
 'A View of the Dissertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, Themistocles, &c., lately published by the Rev. Dr. Bentley, also of the Examination of that Dissertation by the Honourable Mr. Boyle,' London, 1698.
 'A Brief Examination of Some Passages to the Chronological Fact of a Letter written to Dr. Sherlock in his Vindication, in a letter to a friend,' with 'A Further Examination [of the above] in a second letter.'
 'An Account of Mr. Locke's Religion out of his own Writings,' &c. (charging Locke with Socinianism), London, 1700.
 'Animadversiones upon M. Le Clerc's Reflexions upon our Saviour and His Apostles,' Cambridge, 1702.

Two anonymous pamphlets on Bishop John Lake's 'Dying Profession,' have been assigned to Milner, or Robert Jenkin. They were published at London in 1690. Milner left in manuscript a translation in Latin of the Targum on the First and Second Book of Chronicles, and other works on Scriptural chronology and current ecclesiastical controversies. The Account of Mr. Locke's Religion includes moderate and shrewd criticisms of Locke's detailed reasoning.

Notes

References

English nonjuror clergy
1628 births
1702 deaths
17th-century English clergy

John Milner (nonjuror)


Pinar del Río is one of the provinces of Cuba. It is at the western end of the island of Cuba.

The Pinar del Río province has one of Cuba's three main mountain ranges, the Cordillera de Guaniguanico. The mountains are divided into the easterly Sierra del Rosario and the westerly Sierra de los Organos. These form a landscape characterised by steep sided limestone hills and flat, fertile valleys.

The province relies on tobacco farming, with Pinar del Río producing 70% of Cuba's crop, used to make the cigars that are so prized overseas. The best tobacco, used for more expensive cigar brands, is grown in the flat lands of San Juan y Martínez. Tourism in the Viñales Valley is another important part of the economy.

Municipalities
 Bahía Honda
 Candelaria
 Consolación del Sur
 Guane
 La Palma
 Los Palacios
 Mantua
 Minas de Matahambre
 Pinar del Río
 San Cristóbal
 Sandino
 San Juan y Martínez
 San Luis
 Viñales

Famous people from Pinar del Río

 Omar Ajete - baseball player
 Danys Baez - baseball player
 José Contreras - baseball player
 Silvia Costa - high jumper
 Emeterio González - javelin thrower
 Pedro Luis Lazo - baseball player
 Omar Linares - baseball player
 Alay Soler - baseball player

Other websites
 Official site
 Visit Hotel Pinar del Río
 Villa Maria La Gorda
 Villa Cabo San Antonio
 Hotel Moka, Las Terrazas, Pinar del Río

Provinces of Cuba

Pinar del Río Province


The  Econometric Society is an international society of academic economists interested in applying statistical tools in the practiced of econometrics. It is an independent organization with no connections to societies of professional mathematicians or statisticians.

It was founded on December 29, 1930, at the Statler Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. Its first president was Irving Fisher.

As of 2014, there are about 700 Elected Fellows of the Econometric Society, making it one of the most prevalent research affiliations. New fellows are elected each year by the current fellows.

The sixteen founding members were Ragnar Frisch, Charles F. Roos, Joseph A. Schumpeter, Harold Hotelling, Henry Schultz, Karl Menger, Edwin B. Wilson, Frederick C. Mills, William F. Ogburn, J. Harvey Rogers, Malcolm C. Rorty, Carl Snyder, Walter A. Shewhart, Øystein Ore, Ingvar Wedervang and Norbert Wiener.

The Econometric Society sponsors the Economics academic journal Econometrica and publishes the journals Theoretical Economics and Quantitative Economics.

Officers
The Econometric Society is led by a president, who serves a one-year term. Election as a Fellow of the Econometric Society is considered by much of the economics profession to be an honor.

 List of presidents of the Econometric Society
 List of fellows of the Econometric Society

Honorary lectures
The Econometric Society sponsors several annual awards, in which the honored member delivers a lecture:
 Frisch Medal
 Walras–Bowley Lecture
 Fisher–Schultz Lecture
 Jacob Marschak Lecture

References

External links

Economics societies
Econometrics

Econometric Society


Moose milk, also known as elk milk, refers to milk produced by moose (Alces alces). Though it is most commonly consumed by moose calves, its production has also been commercialised in Russia, Sweden and Canada.

Nutritional content
Moose milk is high in butterfat (10%) and solids (21.5%), according to data collected on Russian moose; research into American moose milk is in a less advanced state than in Russia, but appears to indicate that American moose have even higher concentrations of solids in their milk. Moose lactate between June and August; conditional on a good supply of high-quality forage, nutrient and fat concentrations in the milk typically increase during the first twenty-five days of lactation, which are considered the peak period; nutrients, fat, and mineral element concentrations decrease for the remainder of the lactation period. However, compared to cow milk, moose milk still has much higher levels of aluminium, iron, selenium, and zinc.

Farming and sale
Moose milk is commercially farmed in Russia; one sanitorium, the Ivan Susanin Sanitorium, even serves moose milk to residents in the belief that it helps them recover from disease or manage chronic illness more effectively. Some Russian researchers have recommended that moose milk could be used for the prevention of gastroenterological diseases in children, due to its lysozyme activity. The Elk House (Älgens Hus) farm in Bjurholm, Sweden, run by Christer and Ulla Johansson is believed to be the world's only producer of moose cheese. It has three milk-producing moose, whose milk yields roughly 300 kilograms of cheese per year; the cheese sells for about US$1,000 per kilogram. A disturbed moose cow's milk dries up, so it can take up to 2 hours of milking in silence to get the full 2 litre yield. Russian moose researcher Alexander Minaev had also previously tried to make moose cheese, but he stated that, due to the milk's high protein content, the cheese became hard far too quickly. He was not aware of any attempts to make moose ice cream.

See also
 Donkey's milk
 Camel milk
 Goat milk
 Sheep milk
 Cow milk
 List of dairy products

References

External links
Älgens Hus (Swedish)/Elk House (English), Christer and Ulla Johansson's farm
Moose juice: an alternative to cow's milk?, Russia Today (YouTube)

Milk
Milk by animal

Moose milk


Love Happy is a 1949 American musical comedy film, released by United Artists, directed by David Miller and starring the Marx Brothers (Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx and Chico Marx) in their 13th and final feature film, as well as a memorable walk-on by a relatively unknown Marilyn Monroe.

The film, produced by former silent film star Mary Pickford, features Groucho Marx in a smaller role than usual, with a supporting cast including Ilona Massey, Vera-Ellen, Paul Valentine, Marion Hutton, Raymond Burr, Bruce Gordon (in his film debut), Eric Blore, and Marilyn Monroe in the aforementioned sequence with Groucho.

The plot was written by Frank Tashlin and Mac Benoff, based on a story by Harpo.

Plot
Private detective Sam Grunion has been searching for the extremely valuable Royal Romanoff diamonds for eleven years, and his investigation leads him to a troupe of struggling performers, led by Mike Johnson, who are trying to put on a musical revue called Love Happy.

Grunion notes that the impoverished young dancers would starve were it not for the sweet, silent Harpo, at Herbert & Herbert, a gourmet food shop that also trafficks in stolen diamonds. Harpo kindly helps ladies with their shopping bags, all the while pilfering their groceries and stuffing them in the pockets of his long trench coat. When the elegant Madame Egelichi arrives, store manager Lefty Throckmorton tells her that "the sardines" have come in. Harpo sneaks into the basement and watches as Lefty lovingly unpacks a sardine can marked with a Maltese cross, and swipes the can from Lefty's pocket, replacing it with an unmarked one. Madame Egelichi, who has gone through eight husbands in three months in her quest for the Romanoff diamonds, is furious when Lefty produces the wrong can. When Lefty remembers seeing Harpo in the basement, she orders him to call the police and offer a $1,000 reward for his capture.

At the theater, meanwhile, unemployed entertainer Faustino the Great asks Mike for a job as a mind-reader, and when Faustino's clever improvisation stops the show's backer, Mr. Lyons, from repossessing the scenery, Mike gratefully hires him. Harpo, who is secretly in love with dancer Maggie Phillips, Mike's girl friend, gives her the sardine can, and she says she will eat them tomorrow. A policeman sees Harpo inside the theater and brings him to Madame Egelichi, who turns Harpo over to her henchmen, Alphonse and Hannibal Zoto. After three days of interrogation, Harpo still refuses to talk, and when he is left alone, he calls Faustino at the theater, using the bike horn he carries in his pocket to communicate. Madame Egelichi listens on the extension as Faustino declares that there are plenty of sardines at the theater, and she goes there at once.

Meanwhile, Mike has just finished telling the troupe that they do not have enough money to open when Madame Egelichi arrives and offers to finance the show. Mike cancels his plans to take Maggie out for her birthday so that he and his new backer can discuss the arrangements. In the alley outside the theater, Harpo, having escaped from Madame Egelichi's suite, finds the diamonds in the sardine can which had been set out for a cat, and puts them in his pocket. When he finds Maggie crying in her dressing room, Harpo takes her to Central Park, where he plays the harp for her and gives her the diamonds as a birthday gift.

On the opening night of the show, Grunion is visited by an agent of the Romanoff family, who threatens to kill him if he does not produce the diamonds in an hour. At the theater, Lefty and the Zoto brothers spy through a window as Maggie puts on the diamond necklace, but Mike asks her not to wear it, promising to buy her an engagement ring instead. As they kiss, Maggie removes the necklace and drops it on the piano strings. The curtain goes up, and when Harpo sees Lefty and the Zoto brothers menacing Maggie, he distracts them with a piece of costume jewelry and leads them up to the roof. Meanwhile, on stage, Faustino plays the piano, and when he strikes the keys forcefully, the diamond necklace flies into the air, drawing the attention of Madame Egelichi, who is watching from the audience. Faustino pockets the diamonds, then rushes to the roof to help Harpo. Madame Egelichi shows up with a gun and demands the necklace, but Faustino gives her the fake diamonds. After tying up Lefty and the Zotos and recovering the real diamonds, Harpo encounters Grunion, who has been hiding on the roof. Harpo drops the diamonds in Grunion's pocket, but then steals them back as Madame Egelichi begins to lead the detective away.

Later, in his office, Grunion comments that Harpo disappeared with the diamonds, never realizing their true value. Grunion interrupts his story to take a phone call from his wife, who turns out to be the former Madame Egelichi.

Cast
 Harpo Marx as Harpo
 Chico Marx as Faustino the Great
 Groucho Marx as Detective Sam Grunion
 Vera-Ellen as Maggie Phillips
 Ilona Massey as Madame Egelichi
 Paul Valentine as Mike Johnson
 Marion Hutton as Bunny Dolan
 Leon Belasco as Mr. Lyons
 Melville Cooper as Lefty Throckmorton
 Raymond Burr as Alphonse Zoto
 Bruce Gordon as Hannibal Zoto
 Eric Blore as Mackinaw
 Marilyn Monroe as Grunion's Client
 Otto Waldis as Ivan (uncredited)

Musical numbers
The film has a musical score and lyrics by Ann Ronell, with a lively film noirish dance version of a Sadie Thompson number. The piece feature's Vera-Ellen and former ballet dancer Paul Valentine as one of the United States Marines on a South Pacific Island.

Chico plays a duet on "Gypsy Love Song" with actor-musician Leon Belasco as Mr. Lyons, the owner of the stage props and costumes. Belasco, on violin, starts playing many fancy trills until Chico says, "Look, Mista Lyons, I know you wanna make a good impression – but please, don't play better than me!" Chico played this same tune in the Marx Bros. first film The Cocoanuts 20 years earlier, in 1929.

Songs

Production
Love Happy was originally conceived as a solo vehicle for Harpo under the title Diamonds in the Sidewalk, Chico, who was usually in need of money due to his lifelong gambling addiction, also became involved in the project. Once Chico was in, financing for the film couldn't be obtained unless all three Marx Brothers were featured, so Groucho agreed to appear in the film.  Love Happy  was the final film to be produced by Mary Pickford.

Groucho appears in the film without his usual greasepaint moustache and eyebrows; by this point in his career, he had grown an actual mustache and no longer saw the greasepaint as necessary. He briefly shares the screen with Harpo (the three never appear together in the same scene) during the climax of the film and mainly provides an encompassing narration to explain things when the necessary sequences for a coherent narrative were unavailable. Groucho avoided mentioning the film at all in his autobiography, Groucho and Me published in 1959, apparently at that time considering A Night in Casablanca (1946) as their last film together. He did acknowledge the film in later interviews for The Marx Brothers Scrapbook (1974) and in his later book, The Groucho Phile: An Illustrated Life (1976). Because of the encapsulated nature of Groucho's scenes, it had long been assumed that his presence in the film was an afterthought. However, recently discovered letters from Groucho show that he was asked to be part of the project from its earliest stages in 1946–47.

The production ran out of money near the end of shooting, so the producers solicited advertising from several companies in order to  complete the film. This unique form of product placement (quite rare at that time) was featured in the rooftop chase around advertising billboards.

Release
Although shooting began in July 1948, the film was not released generally until March 3, 1950. The film's stated copyright is 1949, which is when it was shown in San Francisco on October 12. Originally released at 91 minutes, available non-theatrical prints run 85 minutes and contain some alternate footage with some brief snippets excised from some scenes and some gags completely eliminated. In 2015, Olive Films made the original unedited 91 minute theatrical print available on DVD.

Critical reception
Love Happy is generally regarded by Marx fans and critics as the weakest of all the Marx Brothers movies in which they were the leads.  (The 1956 film The Story of Mankind is also generally rated very low amongst Marx brothers afficianados, but the brothers only make short individual cameos in that film.)

In its October 8, 1949 front-page editorial, as well as its review of the movie in the same issue, the motion picture trade periodical Harrison's Reports, which always disapproved of any movie showing brand-name products, severely criticized this film for its rooftop chase among billboards promoting Baby Ruth, General Electric, Fisk Tires, Bulova watches, Kool cigarettes, Wheaties and Mobil gasoline.

At the end of his March 8, 1950 episode of his You Bet Your Life radio show, Groucho half-heartedly promotes the film as "Harpo, Chico, and I tell a few jokes and do some acting. It's very educational." In later years, on Today, Groucho dismissed it as a "terrible movie," while speaking of the lasting impression Marilyn Monroe made during her screen test.

References

External links

 The Marx Brothers Council Podcast episode discussing Love Happy

1949 films
1949 musical comedy films
American musical comedy films
American black-and-white films
Marx Brothers (film series)
Films directed by David Miller
Films with screenplays by Frank Tashlin
United Artists films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

Love Happy


The Atharva Veda (Atharvaveda) is the fourth Veda, one of the Hindu scriptures. There are a number of Upanishads in this Veda. Ganapathy, Narayana, Devi, Atharva Siropanishaths are part of Atharva Veda. Bhavanopanisath is also in Atharva Veda.  Sankaracharya established Joshimath in Kedarnath one of the four popal centres of Hinduism to flourish The Atharva Veda.

Hinduism
Vedas

Atharvaveda


Compeer is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada within Special Area No. 4. Previously an incorporated municipality, Compeer dissolved from village status on December 31, 1936, to become part of the Municipal District of Neutral Hills No. 331.

Compeer is located on an abandoned track of the Railink Central Western railway, north of Highway 12 and west of the Alberta–Saskatchewan border. It is approximately  east of Altario.

Founded in 1901, Compeer was a spot Aboriginals used to camp. Its literal meaning is camp here. When explorers came to Compeer, natives told them to camp here. Due to a misinterpretation, explorers thought the area was called Compeer.

Demographics

Compeer recorded a population of 21 in the 1991 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada.

See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References

Hamlets in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Special Area No. 4

Compeer, Alberta


Anaxagoras (, fl. 480 BC – 450 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Anaxagoras was an Ionian Greek. He was born in Asia Minor, in Clazomenae. This was a town in what is now Turkey.

Anaxagoras was the first known atheist. He also introduced the concept of νούσ (nous, or mind), the ordering force behind the Universe. But he did not take this idea any further.

He held that the Sun was not a god, but just material. It was a "red-hot mass many times larger than the Peloponnese". The Moon was a solid body with geographical features, and made of the same substance as the Earth.

Anaxagoras was eventually arrested and prosecuted for freethought. He was banished from Athens for impiety in 450 BC. However, his works were available in Socrates' day for a drachma.

References

500 BC births
428 BC deaths
Presocratic philosophers

Anaxagoras


The Vaez family was a prominent Jewish family of Lisbon, whose foremost members, the four brothers Immanuel, Pedro, Ayres, and Salvador, resided in Portugal as Marranos during the sixteenth century.  The family included several Jewish scholars and physicians for the royal family.

Family

Abraham Vaez
Abraham Vaez was a hakham of the Portuguese congregation in Bayonne during the latter half of the seventeenth century. He was the author of a work on Jewish ritual laws entitled Arbol de Vidas, to which was appended a lengthy treatise on rituals by Abraham Rodriguez Faro (Amsterdam, 1692). He also wrote several sermons on the Pentateuch, and a number of ethical treatises, which were collected under the title Discursos Predicables y Avisos Espirituales and published, at the expense of his son Jacob Vaez, by Isaac Aboab (Amsterdam, 1710), who himself wrote a long introduction.

Ayres Vaez
Ayres Vaez was a physician to John III of Portugal. He died in Rome about the middle of the sixteenth century. At the request of the King of Fez, with whom John, however, was not on terms of amity, Vaez was sent to Africa, where he succeeded in curing the monarch of a dangerous illness. Upon his return to Lisbon, Vaez devoted himself to the study of astronomy and astrology. In consequence of predicting to the king and queen the death of one of their children, a prediction which was fulfilled, he lost the royal favor. Thinking to regain the king's confidence, Vaez declared, in the course of a discussion, that astrology was an unreliable mode of divination, and that its practise was foolish and irreligious. The king, who had recently read a treatise expressing similar views, delivered Vaez to the Inquisition, charging him with being a heretic and a secret Jew. Vaez was ordered to defend himself before the inquisitors, and later to engage in a disputation with the theologian Sorao; but Capodiferro, the papal nuncio, succeeded in removing him from the jurisdiction of the Inquisition, and sent him to Rome to be tried by the Curia. Pope Paul III, who was himself a believer in astrology, not only set Vaez at liberty, but even issued a bull (June 6, 1541) protecting the entire Vaez family, as well as the lawyers who had defended Ayres Vaez, against the Inquisition.

Daniel Vaez
Daniel Vaez was a Portuguese scholar who flourished at Amsterdam in the seventeenth century. Together with Joseph Athias, he published a prayer-book entitled Orden de las Oraciones del Todo el Anno (Amsterdam, 1677).

Immanuel Vaez
Immanuel Vaez was a physician and the eldest of the Vaez brothers. According to the account of Rodrigo de Castro (De Universa Mulierum Morborum Medicina, ii. 47, 332, Hamburg, 1603), who was his nephew, and who settled in Hamburg in the sixteenth century, Immanuel was appointed physician to four kings of Portugal—John III., Sebastian, Henry, and Philip II. He won this distinction by virtue of his erudition and the experience which he had gathered in his extensive travels.

Pedro Vaez
Pedro Vaez was a physician at Covilhã, Portugal; second in age of the Vaez brothers. He is repeatedly mentioned in the Medicorum Principum Historia of Abraham Zacuto.

Salvador Vaez
Salvador Vaez was the youngest of the Vaez brothers. He served as a page to the papal nuncio Hieronymo Ricenati Capodiferro in Lisbon, and was able to interest the prelate in the case of his brother Ayres, and to induce him to interfere in the latter's behalf. The result was that after the sessions of the Inquisition had begun, Salvador suddenly entered the hall and declared the sitting dissolved by order of the nuncio. Later he probably accompanied Capodiferro to Rome.

Eleanore Vaez
Eleanore Vaez was a sister to the above. She married Dr David Namias de Castro also known as Andreas Fernandez. Cir 1544. They had two children Francisco Namias de Castro (1545 Lisbon) and Dr David Namias de Castro also known as Rodrigo Namias (c 1546 Lisbon - Feb 1627 Hamburg)

References

Portuguese Jewish families
Portuguese Jews
Sephardi families
History of Lisbon

Vaez family


The Coastal Coalition is a political group in New Zealand that opposes the removal of coastal and marine land from Crown ownership. It was created to fight what it considers the risk of coastal land and marine areas coming under the control of local Maori under the proposed Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill of 2010, which is intended to replace the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004. The group has run a large number of advertisements opposing the Bill.

The group has been called 'clowns' and 'profoundly sickening' by Chris Finlayson, the New Zealand attorney-general responsible for bringing in the new Bill, because of alleged untruths in their arguments. The group in turn called for Finlayson to be taken off his duties in respect to the Bill, arguing that he lacked the openness for discourse about the Bill that should have to be expected of his position.

References

External links
Coastal Coalition

Coastline of New Zealand
Political organisations based in New Zealand

Coastal Coalition


The S. Dillon Ripley Center, better known simply as the Ripley Center, is one of the buildings of the Smithsonian Institution series of museums located in the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The above-ground portion is only a small pagoda, and it descends into a larger underground portion. The Ripley Center houses the International Gallery, The Smithsonian Associates, and the offices of the Smithsonian Contributing Membership. It contains a conference center, an art gallery, and meeting/class rooms as well as exhibition space. It connects underground to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the National Museum of African Art, and the Freer Gallery of Art.

The Smithsonian Associates was formed in 1992 from combining the Resident Associates Program with the Smithsonian National Associate Program.  The Smithsonian Associates was established as the cultural, educational, and membership division of the Smithsonian Institution. These membership and educational programs include the Young Benefactors, Smithsonian Sleepovers, Resident Associates Program, Discovery Theatre, Regional Events, and the Art Collectors Program.

The Art Collectors Program is devoted to the creation and appreciation of contemporary American limited-edition art and to creating a context for collecting and a forum for artists to discuss their work. The Program sells Smithsonian-commissioned contemporary fine art prints and posters by acclaimed American artists like Sam Gilliam and April Gornik. Its limited-edition prints are numbered and signed and come with a Certificate of Authenticity from the Smithsonian.

References

External links

Art museums and galleries in Washington, D.C.
National Mall
Smithsonian Institution
Southwest Federal Center

S. Dillon Ripley Center


The Stilwell Road is a propaganda film produced by the American Office of War Information and the British and Indian film units in 1945 detailing the creation of the Ledo Road, also known as the Stilwell Road after the U.S. General Joseph Stilwell. The film is narrated by Ronald Reagan.

The film opens with a message telling the audience that the film is about more than the building of a road in the jungle; it is also the story of Scots, Irish, English, Americans, Africans, Indians, and Chinese working together to win the war, and that they are now ready to work together to win a peaceful post war world as well.

The hour-length film concentrates mostly on the importance of the Burma Campaign and the Burma Road in supplying Chinese nationalist army and American forces (the tactical Fourteenth Air Force and strategic XX Bomber Command of "Operation Matterhorn") in the Republic of China with supplies to resist Japanese domination, in much the same way Persian Corridor needed to be kept open to keep the USSR supplied by the Western Allies. But the forces there have to confront harsh terrain and monsoons, and are driven out in early 1942. Still, working in Assam and British India, the Allies work to keep supplies flowing to General Stilwell and Chiang Kai-shek by making the Ledo Road which replaced the severed Burma Road.

Also covered are Japan's abortive invasion of India in 1943 and the gradual retaking of Burma.

See also
List of Allied propaganda films of World War II
The Hump
China Burma India Theater of World War II
South-East Asian Theater of World War II

References

External links

1945 films
American World War II propaganda films
American aviation films
American black-and-white films
American documentary films
1945 documentary films
1940s war films

The Stilwell Road (film)


Mustafapaşa, formerly known as Sinasos (Greek: Σινασός), is a village in the Ürgüp District of Nevşehir Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,295 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It lies to the west of Gomeda valley and is  away from Ürgüp and  away from Nevşehir town.

The town is named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the military leader and first president of Turkey.

Like most of Cappadocia, Mustafapaşa used to depend for a living on agriculture., especially grape-growing. However, it lies within the region of Cappadocia, and increasingly depends on tourism for its living with new hotels opening all the time.

The town centre is home to a vocational high school party housed in a 19th-century medrese.

History

Alongside its Turkish Muslim population, 19th-century Mustafapaşa also had a large Greek community and was known as Sinasos. Many of the Greeks were actually what became now as Karamanlides (Christians who spoke Turkish but wrote it using the Greek alphabet). Since it was hard to make a living in Central Anatolia, many Sinasos Greeks migrated to Constantinople/Istanbul at this time and made a name for themselves as traders in seafood, especially caviare. Often they sent money back to their families in Sinasos and some of this was used to build the grand mansions that still survive in the town (and are rapidly being converted into hotels).

In 1924, however, according to the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne the entire Christian population of Sinasos was forced to leave for Greece in  the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey.  They mostly resettled in Nea Sinasos (New Sinasos), a town in the northern part of the island of Euboea in Greece. In their place came Macedonian Muslims and Turks from Kastoria, a town in northern Greece.  After the population exchange years the town lost much of its former prosperity although it is now well on the way to recovery.

Attractions
Amongst the many fine stone houses in Mustafapaşa one of the best is the Old Greek House which now houses a popular restaurant. Its upstairs floor contains one of the secular murals which are a feature of both Ürgüp and Mustafapaşa, and which live on as a reminder of the lost minority populations. The first series of the hit television series Asmalı Konak was filmed in and around the Old Greek House in 2002.

In the town centre, the large 19th-century Church of Sts Helena and Constantine, with a grapevine carved around its entrance, is another reminder of the lost populations. It is occasionally used for concerts.

Cappadocia is known for its frescoed rock-cut churches and the Church of St Basil in Mustafapaşa is an example of one such  church that continued in use into the 19th century when it was recut and repainted.

Several more traditional rock-cut churches can be found in the valley running out from Mustafapaşa which is easily accessible on foot. Most striking is the Monastery of St Nicholas which was restored in 2012 and, unfortunately, contains modern icons brought from Greece. It also has a grand entrance which was built after the law prohibiting repairs to old churches was repealed in 1856. The Church of St Stephen contains a rock lectern supported by a stone eagle while the Sinasos Church has a stone pulpit, these features almost certainly improvements paid for from the sale of seafood in Constantinople.

In the nearby Gomeda Valley there is also the early 10th-century frescoed Church of the Holy Apostles.

References

Villages in Ürgüp District
Former Greek towns in Turkey
Pomak communities in Turkey

Mustafapaşa, Ürgüp


John McTernan is an Australian actor, known for several theatre and television roles.

Biography

Early life
McTernan's career spans thirty years working in theatre, television and film.  He has appeared with all the major theatre companies and began his career training and then performing at the Ensemble Theatre in Sydney. He has appeared in several productions there, most recently Wrong Turn at Lungfish in 2008.  Previously at the Ensemble; Lovers, The Comedians, Boy Meets Girl, 6 Rms Riv Vu, Sonny and Same Difference.

Theatre
Work at the Melbourne Theatre Company includes Born Yesterday, Twelfth Night, Into the Woods, Assassins, The Glass Menagerie, The Real Thing, Serious Money, High Society, Art, Take Me Out and Boy Gets Girl.
The Nimrod Theatre Company: Young Mo, Volpone, Inside the Island, The Orestia, Clouds, Romeo and Juliet, Henry IV and Comedy of Errors.

Sydney Theatre Company: The Sunny South, The Venetian Twins, The Caucasian Chalk Circle.  Also for various other theatre companies: Sanctuary, Oleanna, What Did We Do Wrong among others.

McTernan is also well known for his work in music theatre with major stage roles in Grease, Godspell, Guys and Dolls, Sunset Boulevard, The History of Australia, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat, Shout, Into the Woods, and Assassins.  Also for The Production Company in Melbourne: She Loves Me, Gypsy and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying.

Film and TV roles
His work in film includes: The Brown Out Murders, the ABC feature Fuzzy, The Understudy and Evil Never Dies.

He is known to television audiences for roles in popular Australian drama series and soap operas. Long running series roles include: Cop Shop and G.P., for which he won Logie Awards. He played a gay man later revealed as a psychopathic blackmailer in soap opera Number 96 in 1977, and played a prison teacher in Prisoner in 1986. He played Lee Gordon in the mini series Shout! The Story of Johnny O'Keefe Other television roles include City Homicide, All Saints, Blue Heelers, Stingers, Something in the Air and Scooter Secret Agent.

Awards
McTernan won the 'Best Lead Actor' award in 1982 and 1983 at the Logies for his role in Cop Shop. For his role in G.P., he was nominated for Logies as Best Actor in 1990 and Outstanding Actor in 1991, and went on to win the Outstanding Actor award in 1992. He has also won a Green Room Award in 1987 for Best Supporting Actor as Feste in Twelfth Night for the Melbourne Theatre Company.

References

External links

Australian people of American descent
Australian male television actors
Living people
Logie Award winners
Year of birth missing (living people)

John McTernan (actor)


Arbor Hill is a neighborhood in Albany, New York, generally defined as the area from Clinton Avenue north to Tivoli Hollow and the Livingston Avenue Railroad Bridge and from Broadway west to Henry Johnson Boulevard. Both Clinton Avenue and Henry Johnson Boulevard are signed as U.S. Route 9. It was outside Albany's first boundaries as set up in the Dongan Charter of 1686. The original name of the area was Colonie (which is applied now to the current town to the north), and the area was incorporated under that name as a village in 1804; it was annexed by Albany in 1815. There are two sub-neighborhoods in Arbor Hill, Dudley Heights and the Ten Broeck Triangle. "Arbor Hill" was the name given to the Ten Broeck estate; the Ten Broeck Mansion is still an important cultural and historical museum. The neighborhood has other historical and cultural sights such as the Palace Theatre and St. Joseph's Church. Demographically it is predominantly African-American.

History
The Albany neighborhood of Arbor Hill had its start as a rural section of the neighboring town of Watervliet. The area was referred to as "the Colonie" and would be incorporated as a municipality in 1791, but would stay within Watervliet. Colonie would become incorporated again, this time as a district in 1801, and then as a village in 1804. In 1808 Colonie separated from Watervliet as a separate town. The trustees of the town, the voters of the town, and the common council of the city of Albany all approved annexation of the town to the city. The state on February 25, 1815, passed "An ACT to annex the Town of Colonie to the City of Albany".

Many of the workers involved in building the Erie Canal settled here in the 1820s, but by the late 19th century the area—especially the Ten Broeck Triangle section—became exclusive, catering to the new lumber industry barons. By the mid-20th century the decline of Albany's lumber industry led to a decline in fortunes for Arbor Hill.

Once exclusive and prosperous, after the Great Depression, it became a distressed light industrial and residential neighborhood . In the early 20th Century, it was mostly settled by a mix of immigrants from Europe, but primarily Irish-Americans. During the administration of mayor Erastus Corning II (1942 to 1983), urban sprawl contributed to white flight, and the area lost much of its population. By the end of the 20th century, it became demographically predominantly African-American.

The neighborhood police unit for Arbor Hill was introduced in September 1972 and funded by the federal Law Enforcement Administration Agency (LEAA), which paid for the staffing and training of 48 officers. As the LEAA fell victim to budget cuts, the city was left with little money for maintaining the units and staffing fell to 32 officers. Within one week a firebomb destroyed the building at the corner of Second and Lark streets. The unit then moved to a storefront at 133 Northern Boulevard (today Henry Johnson Boulevard), where it remained until April 4, 1986, when the unit was closed.

The New Covenant Charter School was opened in Arbor Hill in 1999 as the first in the city and only the second in the state amid huge support as a means to reach minority and underperforming students. The school had miserable scores and high turnover in both the student population and among teachers. The charter school was finally closed in 2010. New Covenant was the second of the first three charter schools to close, the second to close in the Capital District and only the eighth in the state to be closed.

Geography
Arbor Hill includes the section of Albany west from Broadway to Henry Johnson Boulevard and north from Sheridan Hollow to Tivoli Hollow.

Education
Arbor Hill has one public elementary school (not counting charter schools): Arbor Hill Elementary School, at 1 Arbor Drive. Demographically, it is 89% Black, 5% Latino, 4% Multiracial, 1% White, and 1% Asian or Pacific Islander. 73% of students are eligible for the free or reduced price lunch program, and 3% have limited English proficiency. The attendance rate is 92%. The average class size is 18 students, and the student body is 393 students in K-6 as of 2007.

See also
Arbor Hill Historic District–Ten Broeck Triangle
Neighborhoods of Albany, New York
Clinton Avenue Historic District (Albany, New York)
History of Albany, New York

References

Neighborhoods in Albany, New York
Former villages in New York (state)
Former towns in New York (state)
U.S. Route 9

Arbor Hill, Albany, New York