Nicholas Culpeper (18 October 1616 – 10 January 1654) was an English botanist, herbalist, physician and astrologer. His book The English Physitian (1652, later Complete Herbal, 1653 ff.) is a source of pharmaceutical and herbal lore of the time, and Astrological Judgement of Diseases from the Decumbiture of the Sick (1655) one of the most detailed works on medical astrology in Early Modern Europe. Culpeper catalogued hundreds of outdoor medicinal herbs. He scolded contemporaries for some of the methods they used in herbal medicine: "This not being pleasing, and less profitable to me, I consulted with my two brothers,  and , and took a voyage to visit my mother , by whose advice, together with the help of , I at last obtained my desire; and, being warned by , a stranger in our days, to publish it to the world, I have done it."

Culpeper came from a line of notabilities, including the courtier Thomas Culpeper, who was reputed to be a lover of Catherine Howard (also a distant relative), the fifth wife of Henry VIII.

Biography
Culpeper was the son of Nicholas Culpeper (senior), a cleric. Shortly after his birth his father died and he was taken to Isfield, the home of his maternal grandfather, the Reverend William Attersoll, where he was brought up by his mother. Attersoll was an influence on the young boy's political and religious beliefs and taught him both Latin and Greek. As a boy Culpeper became interested in astronomy, astrology, time, his grandfather's collection of clocks, and medical texts in Attersoll's library. Meanwhile his grandmother introduced him to the world of medicinal plants and herbs. He would go on, throughout his life, spending time in the countryside cataloguing plants.

From the age of 16 he studied at Cambridge, but it is not known at which college, although his father studied at Queens', and his grandfather was a member of Jesus College. He was then apprenticed to an apothecary. After seven years his master absconded with the money paid for the indenture, and soon after, Culpeper's mother died of breast cancer.

In 1640, Culpeper married Alice Field, the 15-year-old heiress of a wealthy grain merchant, which allowed him to set up a pharmacy at the halfway house in Spitalfields, London, outside the authority of the City of London, at a time when medical facilities in London were at breaking point. Arguing that "no man deserved to starve to pay an insulting, insolent physician" and obtaining his herbal supplies from the nearby countryside, Culpeper could provide his services free of charge. This and a willingness to examine patients in person rather than simply examining their urine (in his view, "as much piss as the Thames might hold" did not help in diagnosis), Culpeper was extremely active, sometimes seeing as many as 40 patients in a morning. Using a combination of experience and astrology, he devoted himself to using herbs to treat his patients.

During the early months of the English Civil War, Culpeper was accused of witchcraft and the Society of Apothecaries tried to rein in his practice. Alienated and radicalised, he joined the London Trained bands in August 1643 under the command of Philip Skippon and fought at the First Battle of Newbury, where he carried out battlefield surgery. He was taken back to London after sustaining a serious chest injury from a bullet, from which he never fully recovered. There he cooperated with the Republican astrologer William Lilly on A Prophesy of the White King, which predicted the King's death. He died of tuberculosis in London on 10 January 1654 at the age of 37 and was buried in New Churchyard, Bethlem. Only one of his seven children, Mary, reached adulthood. He was survived by his wife, Alice, who married the astrologer John Heydon in 1656. The date of her death is uncertain: some sources say 1659, but others that she was licensed as a midwife in 1665.

Political beliefs
Influenced during his apprenticeship by the radical preacher John Goodwin, who said no authority was above question, Culpeper became a radical republican and opposed the "closed shop" of medicine enforced by censors of the College of Physicians. In his youth, Culpeper translated medical and herbal texts for his master, such as the London Pharmacopaeia from Latin. During the political turmoil of the English civil war, the College of Physicians was unable to enforce its ban on the publication of medical texts, and Culpeper deliberately chose to publish his translations in vernacular English as self-help medical guides for use by the poor, who could not afford to consult physicians. He followed them up with a manual on childbirth and with his main work, The English Physician, which was deliberately sold cheaply. It became available also in colonial America and has been in print continually since the 17th century.

Culpeper saw medicine as a public asset, not a commercial secret, and the prices physicians charged as too high compared with the cheap, universal availability of nature's medicine. He felt the use of Latin and the high fees charged by doctors, lawyers and priests worked to deprive the public of power and freedom.

Culpeper was a radical in his time, angering his fellow physicians by condemning their greed, unwillingness to stray from Galen and use of harmful practices such as toxic remedies and bloodletting. The Society of Apothecaries were similarly incensed by the way he suggested cheap herbal remedies, as opposed to their expensive concoctions.

Philosophy of herbalism
Culpeper attempted to make medical treatments more accessible to lay persons by educating them about maintaining their health. Ultimately his ambition was to reform the system of medicine by questioning traditional methods and knowledge and exploring new solutions for ill health. The systematisation of the use of herbals by Culpeper was a key development in the evolution of modern pharmaceuticals, most of which originally had herbal origins.

Culpeper's emphasis on reason rather than tradition is reflected in the introduction to his Complete Herbal. He was one of the best-known astrological botanists of his day, pairing the plants and diseases with planetary influences, countering illnesses with nostrums that were paired with an opposing planetary influence. Combining remedial care with Galenic humoral philosophy and questionable astrology, he forged a strangely workable system of medicine; combined with his "Singles" forceful commentaries, Culpeper was a widely read source for medical treatment in his time.

Legacy
Culpeper's translations and approach to using herbals have had an extensive impact on medicine in early North American colonies, and even modern medications. Culpeper was one of the first to translate from Latin documents discussing medicinal plants found in the Americas. His Herbal was held in such esteem that species he described were introduced into the New World from England. Culpeper described the medical use of the foxglove, the botanical precursor to digitalis, used to treat heart conditions. His influence is demonstrated by the existence of a chain of "Culpeper" herb and spice shops in Canada, North America and beyond, and by the continued popularity of his remedies among New Age and alternative holistic medicine practitioners.

Nicholas is featured as the title protagonist in Rudyard Kipling's story "Doctor of Medicine", part of his Puck of Pook's Hill anthology.

Excerpts from The English Physitian

Some examples of herbs, their claimed uses and preparations, as set out in The English Physitian.
Anemone, as a juice applied externally to clean ulcerations, infections and cure leprosy; or inhaled to clear the nostrils
Bedstraw, boiled in oil and applied externally as a stimulant, or consumed as an aphrodisiac; also applied raw externally to stimulate clotting
Burdock, crushed and mixed with salt, as a treatment for dog bites; taken orally for flatulence, as an analgesic for tooth pain, and to strengthen the back
Cottonweed, boiled in lye as  a treatment for head lice or infestations in cloth or clothing; inhaled for headaches and coughing
Dittany, as an abortifacient, to induce labour; as a treatment for poisoned weapons, and to draw out splinters and broken bones; the smell is said to drive away "venomous beasts". (One species of dittany, Dictamnus albus, is now known to contain alkaloids, limonoid triterpenoids, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, coumarins, and phenylpropane)
Fleabane, for bites from "venomous beasts", and its smoke for killing gnats and fleas; but dangerous to pregnant women
Hellebore, causes sneezing if ground and inhaled; for killing rodents if mixed with food. (Hellebore is now known to contain poisonous alkaloids: cardiac glycosides in the roots and ranunculin and protoanemonin, especially in the leaves and sap.)
Mugwort, for inducing labour, assisting in birth and afterbirth, and easing labour pains
Pennyroyal, for strengthening the backs of women, assisting with vertigo, and helping expel gas. (The active constituent of pennyroyal is now known to be pulegone.)
Savory, for helping expel gas, and mixed with peas and beans for this reason
Wood Betony, for "falling sickness" and headaches, anti-anoretic, "helps sour belchings", cramps, convulsions, bruises, afterbirth, gout, and killing worms

Partial list of works
A Physical Directory, or a Translation of the London Directory (1649) – translation of the Pharmacopoeia Londonesis of the Royal College of Physicians.
Directory for Midwives (1651)
Semeiotics Uranica, or (An Astrological Judgement of Diseases) (1651)
Catastrophe Magnatum or (The Fall of Monarchy) (1652)
The English Physitian (1652), later entitled The Complete Herbal
Astrological Judgement of Diseases from the Decumbiture of the Sick (1655)
A Treatise on Aurum Potabile (1656): This is certainly not by Nicholas Culpeper and lacks his style of writing. It is a confusing and repetitious work by John Heydon.

See also
Alternative medicine
Herbalism
Medical astrology
History of science
Medication
Pharmacognosy
Astrological botany
Astrology
List of plants in The English Physitian (1652 book)

References
Citations

Bibliography

The English Physician Enlarged : With Three Hundred and Sixty-Nine Medicines, made of English Herbs, that were not in any impression until this. Being an astrologo-physical discourse of the vulgar herbs of this nation ... . Barker, London [1800] XML (Digital edition) pdf by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

External links

Culpeper's The English Physitian (1652)  – Electronic Texts in the History of Medicine – Medical Library – Yale University
The Complete Herbal (1653)
This Sceptered Isle (BBC)
Biography of Culpeper
Culpeper's Astrologo-Physical Discourse of the Human Virtues in the Body of Man
Opus Astrologicum, Nicholas Culpeper (PDF 2 MB)
Directory for Midwives, Nicholas Culpeper (PDF 14,3 MB)
Directory Astrological Judgment of Diseases, Nicholas Culpeper (PDF 8,8 MB)

1616 births
1654 deaths
English astrologers
17th-century astrologers
17th-century English botanists
17th-century English medical doctors
English pharmacologists
Herbalists

17th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in England
People from Isfield
English republicans

Nicholas Culpeper


In arthropod and vertebrate anatomy, the vertex (or cranial vertex) is the highest point of the head.

In humans, the vertex is formed by four bones of the skull: the frontal bone, the two parietal bones, and the occipital bone. These bones are connected by the coronal suture between the frontal and parietal bones, the sagittal suture between the two parietal bones, and the lambdoid suture between the parietal and occipital bones. Vertex baldness refers to a form of male pattern baldness in which the baldness is limited to the vertex, resembling a tonsure. In childbirth, vertex birth refers to the common head-first presentation of the baby, as opposed to the buttocks-first position of a breech birth.

In entomology, the color and shape of an insect's vertex and the structures arising from it are commonly used in identifying species.

See also
Calvaria (skull)
Crown (anatomy)
Male pattern baldness

References

Glossary of veterinary entomology: V

Skull

Vertex (anatomy)


Arthur Sinclair Covey (1877–1960) was an American muralist whose paintings depicted industrial workers doing their jobs.

Personal life
Covey was born in Leroy, Illinois on June 13, 1877
and was married to Mary Dorothea Sale from 1908 until her death in 1917.  In 1921, Covey married the artist and children's book writer Lois Lenski (1893–1974).  Covey and Lenski remained married until his death in 1960.  Covey's daughter from his first marriage Margaret Covey Chisholm was also a painter and muralist.

Education
Covey attended Southwestern College and studied for three years at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where he graduated in 1899. He later taught at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. At the age of 16, Covey participated in the Cherokee Strip Land Run in Oklahoma on September 16, 1893. During his subsequent career as an artist, one of his frequently-reproduced drawings (from 1953) depicted this Cherokee Strip Run.

Works
His works include a 1927 series of images of workers at industries in Toledo, Ohio which were first exhibited in display windows of a Toledo department store, Lasalle & Koch
and
seven murals showing foundry workers for the Kohler Company in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin.
He was commissioned in 1936 by the Section to paint a mural in Bridgeport, Connecticut  and another in Torrington, Connecticut.

The papers and much of the artwork of Arthur Covey, dating from 1882 to 1960, are stored in a collection at the Archives of American Art of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1929, Covey was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician, and became a full Academician in 1934.

Death
Arthur Covey died in Tarpon Springs, Florida on February 5, 1960.

References

External links

19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
1877 births
1960 deaths
American muralists
Painters from Illinois
Southwestern College (Kansas) alumni
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
School of the Art Institute of Chicago faculty
National Academy of Design members
Section of Painting and Sculpture artists
Federal Art Project artists
19th-century American male artists
20th-century American male artists

Arthur Covey


Dr. Larry Izamoje (born 24 February 1962)  is a radio host focusing on sports radio in Nigeria. He founded Sports Radio Brila FM, Africa's first sports radio station, with operational centres in Lagos, Abuja , Port Harcourt and Onitsha.He is the Executive Chairman of Brila  Media Group , a company with interests in printing, publishing, broadcasting, digital  services and consultancy . Born in Onitsha, Nigeria, he is the fourth child in a family of nine. He is married to Mrs. Bridget Larry-Izamoje and has three daughters, a son-in-law, and a grandson.
.

Early life
Izamoje attended the Institute of Continuing Education, Warri, before attending the University of Lagos from 1981 to 1984, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (second Class Upper Honours) degree in Sociology. He did his National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) service in Kano State and was a recipient of the Kano State NYSC award for excellence. He was a member of the editorial board of the Kano State NYSC Newsletter during his 1984-85 service year. Izamoje returned to school to receive a Master of Science degree in Sociology in 1986 from the University of Lagos and  a doctorate degree in 2012 from the Business School, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Early career
On returning to the University of Lagos in 1985 for his master's degree, Izamoje worked as a freelance reporter under Ernest Okonkwo at the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN). From 1986 to 1990, Izamoje was in the employ of Concord Press, serving as a sports reporter, promotions executive, and deputy sports editor. He joined the now-defunct Mail newspaper as sports editor in late 1990 and worked briefly at DBN-TV Lagos before setting up Brila Sports, an independent production and sports consultancy company, with a second-hand table and chair and a second hand typewriter, in 1992.

Brila FM
Izamoje founded Sports Radio 88.9 Brila FM and has remained the chairman of the company,. Nigeria and Africa's first sports radio station went on the air in 2002. Izamoje opened his second station in Abuja, in January 2007. In 2011, Larry Izamoje hit another milestone when Sports Radio 88.9 Brila FM opened its Onitsha station.

The Port Harcourt station 101.1 Brila FM was launched in January 2022 as it continued its rapid expansion program

Awards and organisations
In 2007, Izamoje was honoured by the University of Lagos Alumni Association for his contributions to  Nigerian society through sports journalism.

Izamoje won the NYSC Merit Award for Kano State in 1985, the Sportswriter of the Year award (1995) from the Sports Writers Association of Nigeria (SWAN), the NUJ/UAC award for excellence in journalism in 1988, the Lagos Football Referees Society award for excellence in journalism in 2002, the Success Digest Male Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2002, the 21st Century award for achievement in pioneering sports radio in Nigeria (2003), the TeloComm Humanity award for service to the disabled in 2003 through 2006, the International Foundation for Excellence award for contribution to mankind and nation building (2003), and the Sports Writer of the Year award from Sporting Champion in 2004. He was an Olympic Torch bearer in Cairo in June 2004, when the Olympic Torch made its first visit to Africa since the inception of the modern Olympics. In April, 2005 he was named an alumni exhibition and seminar attendee by the American National Association of Broadcasters, Las Vegas.

Izamoje is a recipient of the 2005 Excellence Award of the national body of the Sportswriters Association of Nigeria (SWAN).

Izamoje was media committee member, LOC of Nigeria '99 World Youth Championship; Marketing Committee member, LOC of Africa Cup of Nations 2000; a member of the pro-league review committee in 2000; a member of the Task force for Super Eagles preparation for the 2000 Nations Cup; a member of the All-Africa Games logo selection committee in 2001; Chairman of the Nigerian Football Summit planning committee in 2002; and a member of the Event Analysis team, Abuja 2003.

Widely travelled, he was the only African journalist that covered the historic Marvin Hagler/Sugar Ray Leonard bout in Las Vegas in 1987, and with his wife the only Africans that attended the global Sports Radio Conference, San Diego in 2002. He was between 1999 and 2002 a regular attendee of the global Football Expo held yearly in Cannes.

He has covered the Nations cup, World Cup, Commonwealth Games and the Wimbledon tennis championships.  Izamoje was a member of the 12-man Presidential Committee charged by the then Nigerian leader, President Umaru Yar'Adua, to ensure Nigeria's qualification for and participation in the South Africa 2010 World Cup.

Dr. Izamoje is a fellow of four top professional bodies, namely the Advertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria (APCON), the Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (NIPR), the National Institute of Sports, Nigeria (NIS), and the Nigerian Chartered Institute of Administrators and Researchers (CFIAR). He is a member of the Institute of Directors (IOD), Nigerian and International Sportswriters Associations (SWAN and AIPS), Independent Broadcasters Association of Nigeria (IBAN) and the Broadcasting_Organisation_of_Nigeria (BON) amongst others. Brila FM is an affiliate of the Voice of America (VOA).

In 2012, Izamoje was awarded a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) degree by the Business School Lausanne (BSL), Lausanne, Switzerland for  academic work on Changing Work Values and Labour Mobility in Small & Medium Organizations in  Lagos, Nigeria. He has an honorary D.Sc degree from the Salem University, Lokoja in Nigeria, the reason he is jocularly called 'Double Dr' .

References
 Scoring Life's Goals – Larry Izamoje (2012)
 Eagles must show 100% commitment. Vanguard. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
 CFIAR membership magazine 2013
 Business School lausanne graduation brochure 2012
 NIPR fellowship inductees 2023
 Advertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria register 2023
 National Institute of Sports graduation brochure 2023

External links
 Brila FM website
 Portrait
 "Nigeria: As a Child, My Swimming Pool Was the Murky Waters of the Village – Izamoje" (All Africa)
 "Nigeria: Izamoje's Metamorphosis!" (Vanguard via All Africa)
 "Unpublished confession of Larry Izamoje" (Naija Standard Newspaper)
 Advertisers did not like our business idea — Izamoje
 "Izamoje mourns murdered brother" (Entertainment Express)
 "Nigeria will not reverse team ban – source" (Reuters)
 "Salem University honours Larry Izamoje" (Vanguard)
 Alumni seminar with Larry Izamoje (SMC.edu)
 "Lary Izamoje of 88.9 Brilla FM says "On The Road to Your Dreams There Are Three P's" (Under35 CEO)

Nigerian television journalists
Nigerian radio company founders
Living people
1962 births
University of Lagos alumni
People from Onitsha

Larry Izamoje


Death to Smoochy is a 2002 satirical black comedy crime film directed by Danny DeVito and written by Adam Resnick. Starring Robin Williams, Edward Norton, DeVito, Catherine Keener and Jon Stewart, the film centers on "Rainbow" Randolph Smiley (Williams), a disgraced former children's television host who attempts to sabotage his replacement, Sheldon Mopes (Norton), and his character, Smoochy the Rhino.

Produced by Film4 Productions and Andrew Lazar's Mad Chance Productions, Death to Smoochy was released in the United States on March 29, 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film was met with mixed-to-negative reviews from critics and was a huge box office bomb, grossing only $8.3 million against a budget of $50 million.

Plot
"Rainbow" Randolph Smiley is the host of a popular children's television show on Kidnet. Despite appearing friendly and playful on-screen in the studio, he is actually an alcoholic and criminal in reality. The FBI arrest him for accepting bribes and he is fired, his show is canceled, and he is thrown out of his penthouse and left homeless. Kidnet orders executive Marion Stokes to hire a new host who is "squeaky clean", Stokes selects the naive Sheldon Mopes and his character Smoochy the Rhino. Mopes is uniquely sincere and dedicated to providing quality children's entertainment, which puts him at odds with his new producer Nora Wells. The Smoochy Show quickly becomes tremendously popular, causing Rainbow Randolph to fixate his anger on Mopes. Randolph turns to Stokes and pleads for help to get his job back, but Stokes refuses. The deranged Randolph then hatches several poorly planned attempts to get Mopes fired, all of which fail. Finally hitting rock bottom, Randolph turns to his former partner Angelo Pike for help.  Angelo feeds Randolph and allows him to stay at his apartment.

Mopes finds himself losing creative control over his show and hires corrupt talent agent Burke Bennett to renegotiate his contract. Bennett introduces Mopes to the dark side of the entertainment business by giving him a gun and trying to convince him to work with a corrupt charity. While having dinner with Burke, Mopes is introduced to mobster Tommy Cotter. Tommy pressures Mopes into giving her cousin Spinner a role on his show, and Mopes casts him as Smoochy's cousin Moochy. Tommy tells Mopes that in return for casting Spinner, she will make sure he is protected.

Burke becomes impatient with Mopes and books him to star in a Smoochy ice show, run by Merv Green and his corrupt charity Parade of Hope. Mopes refuses to do the show despite Burke's warnings, in response Green personally threatens Mopes to do the show. In the meantime, Randolph manages to trick Mopes into performing his Smoochy act at a Neo-Nazi rally. Mopes is branded a racist and loses his job and show, and Nora refuses to help him. Randolph visits Nora to ask for his job back but accidentally reveals that he set Mopes up. Nora tells Tommy, who tracks down Randolph with her crew and force him to confess that he tricked Mopes. Sheldon's reputation and show are restored and the media dubs Randolph the most hated man in America. Angelo kicks Randolph out of his apartment after Randolph angrily destroys the TV. Nora and Mopes reconnect and begin a romantic relationship.

Mopes decides to host his own ice show, without the corrupt charities involved. Burke and Stokes, under pressure from Green, plot to kill Mopes and hire a new host who will accommodate their corruption. Their plan backfires when Green's men mistake Spinner in his Moochy costume for Mopes and murder him. An enraged Tommy retaliates by killing Green and his men. Randolph confronts Mopes and Nora in their apartment at gunpoint and reveals that Nora had affairs with several kid show hosts, including Randolph himself. Mopes manages to calm Randolph down and disarm him, allowing Randolph to remain in the apartment until Mopes could explain everything to the police.

Burke and Stokes decide to hire former Kidnet host Buggy Ding Dong to kill Sheldon during the ice show. Randolph intervenes and saves Mopes by killing Buggy. Mopes realizes that Burke and Stokes set him up and threatens Burke with a gun. Tommy and her crew arrive in time to stop Mopes and Tommy decides to handle the matter herself (murdering them offscreen, in a deleted scene). Mopes and Nora kiss in Times Square, and Smoochy and Randolph launch a new show together alongside Nora, who becomes an ice skater.

Cast
 Robin Williams as "Rainbow" Randolph Smiley, a former kid show host who fell from grace after being arrested for accepting bribes. The loss of his job and home cause Randolph to become emotionally disturbed, and he becomes fixated on getting Mopes fired so that he can return to his old life.
 Edward Norton as Sheldon Mopes/Smoochy the Rhino, a struggling entertainer whom Kidnet taps as Rainbow Randolph's replacement. He is considered "squeaky clean" as he lives a scandal-free life and teaches positivity and healthy living with his act. He is also very naive and struggles to adapt to the dark world of television.
 Danny DeVito as Burke Bennett, a corrupt talent agent who represents Mopes in his contract negotiations with Kidnet.  Burke is involved in embezzling money from charity events that his clients host, and he pressures Mopes to cooperate with the scheme.
 Catherine Keener as Nora Wells, a television producer who coordinates the filming of Kidnet's shows. She and Mopes clash at first, but develop a romantic relationship.
 Jon Stewart as Marion Frank Stokes, a Kidnet executive who oversees the network programming. He is also involved in embezzling money and is torn between the network's orders and the pressure he receives to get skimmed money flowing again.
 Pam Ferris as Tommy Cotter, a boss in the Irish mob. She convinces Mopes to give her cousin Spinner a part on TV, and to show her gratitude she vows to protect Mopes from harm.
 Michael Rispoli as Spinner Dunn/Moochy the Rhino, a retired boxer with brain damage who becomes obsessed with the Smoochy Show. Mopes gives Spinner the role of Moochy at the urging of Tommy Cotter.
 Harvey Fierstein as Merv Green, the morally corrupt organizer of the Parade of Hope charity. Green uses Kidnet talent to host fundraising ice shows, with the proceeds syphoned off for personal gain.
 Danny Woodburn as Angelo Pike, a former cast member on Rainbow Randolph's show who goes to work for the Smoochy show. He is the only person willing to help the deranged Randolph, giving him a place to stay and taking care of him.
 Vincent Schiavelli as Buggy Ding Dong, another former Kidnet show host who ends up a homeless heroin addict. In desperation, Burke and Stokes hire him to murder Mopes with the promise of getting his old show back if he succeeds.
 Robert Prosky as the Chairman of Kidnet. He orders Stokes to find a new show host that won't generate any controversy.
 Tracey Walter as Ben Franks
 Todd Graff as Skip Kleinman

Production

Preproduction
In November or December 2000, screenwriter Adam Resnick wrote the screenplay for the film, while art designers sketched designs for the characters for the film. In the original screenplay, the Smoochy costume was orange. The final film used a pink costume instead.

Filming
Principal photography began in January 2001. Sequences were filmed in several locations in New York City such as Times Square, Coney Island, Upper West Side and Duane Street in Lower Manhattan. A brief shot of the North Tower of the World Trade Center can be seen where Rainbow Randolph is dancing on the small bench in Duane Park. In the DVD commentary, Danny DeVito says it was the only shot in the movie that the towers were in. No changes were made after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks. Filming production moved to Canada on spring 2001. The KidNet studios scenes were shot in several areas in Toronto. In the ice show scene with Smoochy and Rainbow, Robin's stuntdouble Elvis Stojko choreographed some of the skating moves for Rainbow Randolph. Robin was off stage. Filming ended in May 2001.

Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD on September 17, 2002.

Reception

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Death to Smoochy holds an approval rating of 42% based on 119 reviews with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus states, "The talent involved can't save a script that has nowhere to go with its promising premise." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 38 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave the film an extremely negative review (giving it half a star out of four), saying that "Only enormously talented people could have made Death to Smoochy. Those with lesser gifts would have lacked the nerve to make a film so bad, so miscalculated, so lacking any connection with any possible audience. To make a film this awful, you have to have enormous ambition and confidence, and dream big dreams." He named the film the Worst of the Year. Todd McCarthy of Variety also gave the film a negative review, saying that the film "pushes its dark, smart, clever, cynical, satirical, nasty, provocative and sarcastic instincts to the point of heavily diminished returns—to the point where the very amusing premise just isn't funny anymore." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote: "This black-comic assault on family entertainment is going to set a lot of teeth on edge—If only his (DeVito's) material were better this time."

Conversely, J. Hoberman of The Village Voice praised the film, saying that "Death to Smoochy is often very funny, but what's even more remarkable is the integrity of DeVito's misanthropic vision." David Sterritt of The Christian Science Monitor called the film a "razor-sharp satire" and "the most refreshingly outrageous movie of the season."

Box office
Though it received a wide release by playing in 2,164 theaters its opening weekend in the United States, the film was a box-office bomb after grossing only $4,266,463 its opening weekend and a mere $8,382,691 overall, with negligible box-office receipts outside the American/Canadian market.

Accolades
Robin Williams received a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actor for his performance as Randolph in this film, but lost to Hayden Christensen for his performance in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.

References

External links

2002 films
2002 black comedy films
2000s American films
2000s British films
2000s crime comedy films
2000s satirical films
2000s English-language films
American black comedy films
American crime comedy films
American satirical films
American films about revenge
British black comedy films
British crime comedy films
British satirical films
British films about revenge
British films set in New York City
Films about the Irish Mob
Films about rhinoceroses
Films about television
Films about television people
Films about alcoholism
Films about assassinations
Films about death
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Toronto
Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario
Films set in studio lots
Films directed by Danny DeVito
Films produced by Peter MacGregor-Scott
Films with screenplays by Adam Resnick
Films scored by David Newman
Warner Bros. films
Film4 Productions films

Death to Smoochy


Elements CRM iOS is a Mac Customer Relationship Management (Mac CRM) solution built by Ntractive for Apple business using Apple devices. Offered as a Cloud computing subscription-based service, Elements CRM iOS is a universal mobile app for the iPhone and iPad. Elements CRM iOS is an add-on to the Elements CRM desktop app. The iPad CRM version of Elements CRM iOS looks, works and feels like the desktop app. The iPhone CRM app is a limited version of the most important functions of the desktop app.

History

Ntractive
Ntractive is a privately held software development company based in Grand Forks, North Dakota that markets business software to small to medium-sized companies. Established in 2006, the company's sole product is Elements CRM, a customer relationship management application aimed at small businesses that use Mac OS X computers, iPads and iPhones.

Elements CRM is a cloud based app that employs a unique site-specific browser to merge OS X desktop and web application functionality. The product was first introduced to the public at a keynote address during Apple's 2007 World Wide Developer's Conference. The official launch of Elements SBM (the product's original name) 1.0 took place at Macworld/iWorld 2009. The product was then renamed Elements CRM and with its 2.0 release was awarded the honor of Apple "Staff Pick" in July, 2009.

Methodology

Mac CRM
Mac Customer Relationship Management (Mac CRM) is an approach to managing a company's interaction with current and future customers on Apple Inc Desktop computers and iOS devices only. Mac CRM solutions are not web-based only applications that use a web browser for interaction. Instead, a Mac CRM is a combination of a cloud based app built with Apple's programming language Objective-C or Swift (programming language). Mac CRMs involve using Apple only devices and technology to organize, automate, and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and technical support.

References

Cloud computing
Cloud infrastructure
Business software for macOS
IOS software
Macintosh software companies
Customer relationship management software
Cloud applications
ERP software companies
ERP software

Elements CRM iOS


A book hand was any of several stylized handwriting scripts used during ancient and medieval times. It was intended for legibility and often used in transcribing official documents (prior to the development of printing and similar technologies).

In palaeography and calligraphy, the term hand is still used to refer to a named style of writing, such as the chancery hand.

See also

Bastarda
Blackletter
Calligraphy
Chancery hand
Court hand (also known as common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, or charter hand)
Cursive
Handwriting
History of writing
Italic script
Law hand
Palaeography
Penmanship
Ronde script (calligraphy)
Rotunda (script)
Round hand
Secretary hand

Penmanship
Tudor England
Blackletter
Medieval scripts
Writing
Palaeography

Book hand


The Indian Wells Masters is an annual tennis tournament held in the small city of Indian Wells, California. The official sponsored name of the event is currently the Pacific Life Open.

The event is part of the ATP Masters Series on the men's tour and is a Premier Mandatory event on the women's tour. The event, held in March, is one of two tour events (beside Miami Masters) in which main draw play extends beyond 8 days. The women's main draw usually starts on Wednesday and the men's main draw starts on Monday. Both finals are held on Sunday of the following week. Both singles main draws include 96 players. The 32 seeded players get a bye to the second round.

The tournament is played on hard courts and is the best attended tennis tournament outside the four Grand Slam tournaments, with over 300,000 visitors during the event. It has the second largest stadium in the world.

The tournament is usually held in early March. However in 2020, it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in 2021, it was on in October. Cameron Norrie from Great Britain and Paula Badosa from Spain are the most recent champions.

Tennis tournaments
Sports in California

Indian Wells Masters


Pazinaclone (DN-2327) is a sedative and anxiolytic drug in the cyclopyrrolone family of drugs. Some other cyclopyrrolone drugs include zopiclone and eszopiclone.

Pazinaclone has a very similar pharmacological profile to the benzodiazepines including sedative and anxiolytic properties, but with less amnestic effects, and at low doses it is a relatively selective anxiolytic, with sedative effects only appearing at higher doses.

Pazinaclone produces its sedative and anxiolytic effects by acting as a partial agonist at GABAA benzodiazepine receptors, although pazinaclone is more subtype-selective than most benzodiazepines.

Synthesis

Reaction of 2-amino-7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridine with phthalic anhydride leads to the corresponding phthalimide. Selective reduction of one of the imide carbonyl groups in essence converts that to an aldehyde. Condensation with tert-butyl(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate gives the Wittig product.

The carboxylic acid is then treated with diethyl cyanophosphonate to convert that to an activated acid cyanide; reaction with 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane results in formation of the corresponding amide, pazinaclone.

See also
Pagoclone

References

Cyclopyrrolones
Sedatives
Isoindolines
Lactams
Acetamides
Naphthyridines
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators

Pazinaclone


Marques Hagans (born December 29, 1982) is an American football coach and former wide receiver. He is currently the wide receivers coach at Penn State. He played college football at Virginia and was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft.

Hagans was also a member of the Kansas City Chiefs and Indianapolis Colts and Washington Redskins.

Personal life
Hagans is a native of Hampton, Virginia, and played high school football for Hampton High School during his junior and senior seasons after transferring from neighboring Bethel High School.  As a junior, Hagans replaced the graduated Ronald Curry at quarterback and led the Crabbers to the state championship in Group AAA, Division 5 of the Virginia High School League in 1998.  Hampton advanced to the state semi-finals in Hagans' senior season in 1999.

Hagans' nickname is "Biscuit." He is married to former Virginia women's basketball player Lauren Swierczek.

College career
Hagans played college football for the University of Virginia.  He was originally recruited by Indiana University to replace Antwaan Randle El.  However, Hagans enrolled for a year at Fork Union Military Academy after graduation from Hampton and subsequently decided to enroll at Virginia in the fall of 2001.  He redshirted his true freshman year.  Hagans replaced incumbent quarterback Matt Schaub during the first game of the 2002 season against Colorado State University.  Hagans was named the starter for the following game against Florida State University but was replaced by Schaub, who went on to a breakout season.  Hagans was primarily a wide receiver and kick returner for the remainder of 2002 and 2003, though he continued to receive limited playing time at quarterback.  Hagans became the starting quarterback for the 2004 season after Schaub's graduation.

In 2004, the Cavaliers started 5-0 and attained a #6 national ranking before losing at Florida State and finishing with a final record of 8-4 after losing to Fresno State in the MPC Computers Bowl. His most notable game at the University of Virginia was a 26–21 victory over #4 Florida State in 2005. In his final game, Hagans led the Cavaliers to a come from behind victory over Minnesota in the Music City Bowl to cap a 7–5 season.

He graduated with a degree in anthropology.

Professional career

St. Louis Rams
Hagans was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the fifth round (144th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft. In his rookie season he played in four games making eight receptions for 101 yards. Hagans was the emergency quarterback for the Rams.

He was waived by the Rams on August 29, 2008.

Kansas City Chiefs
Hagans was signed to the Kansas City Chiefs practice squad on September 1, 2008. He was then promoted to the 53-man roster and signed to a two-year contract on September 10. He was listed as the Chiefs "Emergency Quarterback" and played at QB for several trick plays against the Raiders. After linebacker Weston Dacus was promoted to the active roster, Hagans was waived on September 26 and re-signed to the practice squad two days later.

He was released from the practice squad on October 22, 2008 after the team signed wide receiver Nate Hughes to the practice squad.

Indianapolis Colts
Hagans was signed to the practice squad of the Indianapolis Colts on November 19, 2008 only to be released on November 26.

Washington Redskins
Hagans was signed to the practice squad of the Washington Redskins on December 9, 2008.

He was waived on August 30, 2009.

Hagans was re-signed by the Redskins on April 19, 2010.  He was released June 29, 2010.

References

External links
NFL.com profile

1982 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American football running backs
American football wide receivers
Hampton High School (Virginia) alumni
Indianapolis Colts players
Kansas City Chiefs players
St. Louis Rams players
Virginia Cavaliers football players
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Newport News, Virginia

Marques Hagans


Sense and respond has been used in control theory for several decades, primarily in closed systems such as refineries where comparisons are made between measurements and desired values, and system settings are adjusted to narrow the gap between the two. Since  the early 1980s, sense and respond has also been used to describe the behavior of certain open systems.

Sense and respond is based on lean principles and follows URSLIMM:
U - understand customer value
R - remove waste
S - standardize
L - learn by doing
I - involve everyone
M - measure what matters
M - manage performance visually

The term "sense and respond" as a business concept was used in a 1992 American Management Association Management Review article by Stephan H. Haeckel.  It was developed by Haeckel at IBM's Advanced Business Institute.

Publications

 2010 "The Post-Industrial Manager," Marketing Management Magazine, Fall, 2010, pp 24–32.
 2003 "Leading On Demand Businesses – Executives as Architects," IBM Systems Journal, Vol 42, No 3, 2003, pp 405–413
 2003 "Making Meaning Out of Apparent Noise," in Long Range Planning, April, 2004, Special Issue of articles from May 4, 2003 Wharton Conference "Peripheral Vision: Sensing and Acting on Weak Signals," Vol 37/2 pp 181–189
 2000 "Managing Knowledge in Adaptive Enterprises," Chapter in Knowledge Horizons: The Present and the Promise of Knowledge Management, edited by C. Despres and D. Chauvel, Butterworth-Heinemann
 1999 Adaptive Enterprise: Creating and Leading Sense-and-Respond Organizations, Harvard Business School Press
 1993 "Managing By Wire," Harvard Business Review: Vol. 71, No. 5, September–October (with R.L. Nolan)
 1992 "From 'Make and Sell' to 'Sense and Respond,'" Management Review, American Management  Association, October

Control theory
Management
Organization design

Sense and respond


was a city located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The city was established on April 1, 1948.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 73,662 and a density of 397.49 persons per km²; about half the population lived in the urban center and half spread among smaller towns and tiny villages spread out among agricultural plains and more remote mountainous areas. The total area was 185.32 km².

On October 1, 2005, Takefu, along with the town of Imadate (from Imadate District), was merged to create the city of Echizen.

Dissolved municipalities of Fukui Prefecture
Echizen, Fukui

Takefu, Fukui


The Federal Assembly () is the national legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993). It was preceded by the Supreme Soviet of Russia.

It consists of the State Duma, which is the lower house, and the Federation Council, which is the upper house. Both houses are located in Moscow. The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia.

The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Government, deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others.

The jurisdiction of the Council of the Federation includes: approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation, approval of the decree of the President on the introduction of a martial law or on the introduction of a state of emergency, deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of Russia outside the territory of Russia, appointment of elections of the President, impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of higher courts of Russia, appointment and dismissal of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation, appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounting Chamber and others.

Powers

As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is, the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.

The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:

President of Russia delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly;
For hearing of addresses of the Constitutional Court of Russia;
To hear the speeches of leaders of foreign States.

Parliamentary centre
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the State Duma and Federation Council be combined into one building. In 2012, the idea was supported by President Dmitry Medvedev. Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in Moscow, and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.

Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Frunzenskaya embankment, "Moscow City", Tushino airfield, Krasnaya Presnya, Moskvoretskaya embankment, Park Museon and the Sofia embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists.

The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition. The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time.

Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the building of the Council of Labor and Defense which was designed by Arkady Langman and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.

Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020. However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like.

See also
 City duma
 List of legislatures by country
 Politics of Russia
 Regional parliaments of Russia

Notes

References

External links
 Russian Federation Today — Official issue of the Federal Assembly

1993 establishments in Russia
Russia
Government of Russia
Russia

Federal Assembly (Russia)


RTK 4 (English: Radio Television of Kosovo 4, Albanian: Radio Televizioni i Kosovës 4) is the fourth public television channel of Kosovo. RTK 4 is part of the Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK), a public service broadcaster, along with the other public channels, RTK 1, RTK 2, and RTK 3. Its primary programming is documentaries, films, and locally-produced series.

About
After the launch of the second public channel, RTK 4 was launched in March 2014, as an arts and documentaries channel for the Kosovar viewers. RTK 4 was launched along with the third channel, RTK 3, on behalf of the EBU officials. The European Broadcasting Union also helped and funded the launch of the 2 new channels.

References

External links

2014 establishments in Kosovo
Television stations in Kosovo
Albanian-language television stations
Television channels and stations established in 2014

RTK 4


The Breachacha crannog is a crannog located near Loch Breachacha, on the Inner Hebridean island of Coll. The crannog is recognised in the United Kingdom as a Scheduled monument. A scheduled monument is a 'nationally important' archaeological site or historic building, given legal protection against unauthorised change. There are about 8,000 such sites in Scotland.

Description

The crannog is located at ; about  south of Breachacha Castle. It sits within the former loch which was known as Poll nam Broig. The loch was drained in 1875 and today the crannog sits in an arable field. The surrounding ground is marshy and can be accessed only from the east.

The crannog is oval-shaped and consists of a stone and earth mound with a flattened top. It stands  high and measures  at the base, and  on the top. The crown of the mound stands about  above the surrounding former loch-bed; and according to Mark W. Holley, this corresponds with what would have been the maximum water level of the old loch. Holley's calculations deduced that when the loch was full, the crannog would have been located about  from shore.

Holley surveyed the site in 1995 and noted a series of five, semicircular pits dug into the ground on the east, south, and south-west sides of the crannog. He considered these holes to have been dug relatively recently, since the early 20th century antiquary Erskine Beveridge made no mention of them, nor did he mention any form of excavation on site. There is no trace of a causeway, jetty, or harbour on the site. There is no trace of any walling at the site; or of any protruding timbers. Holley noted that the stones appear to be of local origin. There are no other man-made features near the site.

References

Archaeological sites in the Northern Inner Hebrides
Coll
Crannogs in Scotland
Former populated places in Scotland
Fortifications in Scotland
Scheduled monuments in Scotland

Breachacha crannog


Beth "Bijie" Martin (October 13, 1900 – January 30, 1968) was an American fashion director, writer and actress.

Born in New York City, she was the daughter of American Opera singers Riccardo Martin and Ruano Bogislav. From the time Martin was a small child she was dubbed 'Bijie' by her theatrical parents who moved between homes in New York, Paris and Italy. She early on developed an interest in theatre, but unlike her vocally talented parents opted to find a path on dramatic stage. Her brief though critically praised theatrical career in the early 1920s led to a close friendship with actress Tallulah Bankhead whom she met in London. Both woman shared an affinity for fashion and bohemian living with a devotion and flare for their Southern backgrounds (Martin's father a Kentuckian born to a prominent Virginia family whom descended from William Thornton, William Thornton, and Christopher Branch. Martin's theatre opportunities began to wane by 1928 and she opted to leave the stage to reside in Paris with her mother.

In 1928, Martin married Rudolph de Wardener. De Wardener was the American born son of Austro-Hungarian aristocrat Baron Rudolph de Wardener, who had arrived in the United States to fight for the Union Army during the Civil War. Wardener was a broker living in Paris at the time of the marriage and Martin remained in Paris until the outbreak of the Second World War. The marriage eventually fell apart and the two divorced though Martin retained her husband's name for the rest of her life.  Early on Martin developed a fashion career and while in Paris found a position in the fashion house of couturier Main Rousseau Bocher better known as Mainbocher. Martin remained as "Directrice" of the company for nearly thirty years overseeing the development of fashion lines and maintaining strong connections with high-profile customers including the Duchess of Windsor. Martin followed the company to New York where she remained until her retirement. During her New York period she regularly contributed to fashion magazines and other periodicals on fashion theory and developing women's fashion trends.   She died at the age of 68 at Norwalk, Connecticut.

References

 United States Passport and Immigration Records, The National Archives and Records Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.
 "Biji Martin, Designer, Is Dead; Was Director of Mainbocher's", Obituary, The New York Times, February 1, 1968.
 Flanner, Janet, "Pioneer: Profile of Main Bocher", The New Yorker, January 13, 1940.
 Pictorial Review, Volume 33, Issue 12, New York, 1932.
 Crawford, Morris de Camp, "Ways of Fashion", Fairchild Pub., New York, 1941.
 De Acosta, Mercedes, "Here lies the Heart", Arno Press, New York, 1975.
 Home Journal, Volume 94, Hearst Corp. 1939.

External links

1900 births
1968 deaths
Actresses from New York City
American fashion businesspeople
Businesspeople from New York City
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American businesspeople

Bijie Martin


Up to Date is the second studio album by The Partridge Family. Released in February 1971, just four months after the group's debut LP, the album entered Billboard's Top LP's chart in early April, having been certified gold on 25 March 1971. In its fourth week on the Top 200, the album improved on its predecessor (a no. 4 peak), reaching no. 3 (behind Janis Joplin's Pearl and Jesus Christ Superstar).

Up to Date yielded the two big pop hits "Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted" (Billboard no. 6/Cash Box number one) and "I'll Meet You Halfway" (Billboard no. 9),  which respectively reached the Top Ten of Billboard's Hot 100 in March and June.

In Canada, both "Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted" and its parent album reached number one on the RPM charts.

As with all Partridge Family albums (with the exception of Bulletin Board), Up to Date was produced by Wes Farrell at United Western Recorders, Studio 2 in Los Angeles. And as with the group's first album, it was engineered by Bob Kovach, with arrangements by Mike Melvoin.

Consistent with all of the Partridge Family's studio output, the album features musicians associated with iconic Los Angeles-based session players "the Wrecking Crew": Hal Blaine (drums), Joe Osborn (bass guitar), Mike Melvoin (keyboard), Dennis Budimir (guitar) and Louie Shelton (guitar). And once again, members of overlapping studio groups the Ron Hicklin Singers and the Love Generation – brothers John and Tom Bahler, Ron Hicklin and Jackie Ward – feature prominently as backing vocalists throughout the album.

The album features three songs written by "I Think I Love You" songwriter Tony Romeo, who contributed material to all eight of the Partridge Family's studio albums. The LP also includes five songs co-written by Wes Farrell, including three with prolific lyricist Gerry Goffin (former songwriting partner of Carole King). And two of the songs – including the hit "Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted" – were co-written by Wes Farrell, Mike Appel and Jim Cretecos, whose five Partridge Family songs as a songwriting trio include "I Can Feel Your Heartbeat". Between 1972 and 1975 Appel worked as manager and producer for Bruce Springsteen.

Up to Date features David Cassidy's first contribution as a songwriter. With Wes Farrell he co-wrote the song "Lay It on the Line". The recording introduced a distorted guitar sound to the group's repertoire.

Cassidy publicly despised one of the LP's hits, "Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted", and making it proved to be a very hard task. He didn't think it was a good song at all and hated the idea of his having to talk in the middle of it so much so he refused to do it. This caused consternation with the studio and the record company, prompting the involvement of the heads of both Bell Records and Screen Gems, which at the time were the respective record and television divisions of the major Hollywood studio Columbia Pictures. Production shooting of the TV series was halted in order to provide a place in time where his manager and agent could talk to him over the issue. One of the things they were saying was about how many more copies of the record would be sold if it contained a speaking role from him. They put pressure on him until he caved in and did the record as requested.  When it was finished, he was unsuccessful in trying to keep the record shelved in Bell's vaults. His feelings toward the song remained negative:

The album's distinctive cover (overseen by Bell Records art director Beverly Weinstein) was designed in the form of a calendar indicating the birth dates of the family (including dog Simone), which were the actual birth dates of the cast members. The album also included a book cover. This was the last album to feature Jeremy Gelbwaks as Chris Partridge on the cover, as he left the show soon after the album's release.

Track listing
All tracks from the album, except "Lay It on the Line" and "Morning Rider on the Road", were featured in the first season of the TV show.

Charts

Personnel
David Cassidy - vocals
Dennis Budimir, Louie Shelton - guitar
Joe Osborn - bass
Mike Melvoin - keyboards
Hal Blaine - drums
Bahler Brothers (tracks: A6 to B5), Jackie Ward, Ron Hicklin, Shirley Jones - background vocals
John Bahler (tracks: A1 to A5), Stan Farber (tracks: A1 to A5) - uncredited background vocals

Recording dates

May 16, 1970
"That'll Be the Day"
"She'd Rather Have the Rain"
"I'll Leave Myself a Little Time"

November 12, 1970
"I'll Meet You Halfway"
"You Are Always on My Mind"
"Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted"
"I'm Here, You're Here"
"Umbrella Man"

November 13, 1970
"Lay It on the Line"
"Morning Rider on the Road"
"There's No Doubt in My Mind"

See recording dates for this and other Partridge Family albums at The Partridge Family Recording Sessions

References

1971 albums
The Partridge Family albums
Bell Records albums
Albums produced by Wes Farrell
Albums recorded at United Western Recorders

Up to Date


James Blake Adams (c. 1749 – after 1794) was an English composer, organist, and cellist. He is known for many small instrumental and vocal compositions between 1770 and 1820. He is best known for the song, The Nightingale, which remains popular.

He was organist for Brompton Chapel in 1784 and is known to have performed cello in various concerts from then on, most notably the Handel commemoration concerts of 1784 and the annual concerts for the relief of the clergy at St. Paul's Cathedral.

His compositions
Adams changed his musical style from time to time. His early songs on the harpsichord had the manner of Thomas Arne, his canzonets accompanied by chamber orchestra referred slightly to J. C. Bach, and his violin and cello sonatas were close to the works of Haydn.

Books
 A Familiar Introduction to the First Principles of Music, 1815.

References

 Adams: Beach Bluff Waltzes. Edited by White, Smith & Company, 1875.
 http://browse.musicspace.mspace.fm/record/472163/Adams_James_B_lake_1749-1794\

1740s births
1790s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death unknown
English cellists
English composers
English organists

James B. Adams (composer)


The Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten (RDB), meaning "Reich Federation of German Civil Servants", also known as NS-Beamtenbund (National Socialist Civil Servants Federation), was the trade union for German State Officials during the Third Reich. The RDB was established as an organization affiliated to the Nazi party in October 1933. Its leader was Herman Neef. Neef had been previously leading the RDB's predecessor organisation, Deutscher Beamtenbund German Civil Service Federation, which had been founded in December 1918.

Although it was not compulsory for RDB members to be Nazi party members, most of them chose to be. In addition to the training and development of its members, the RDB ensured that German Civil Servants toed the line of the Nazi Party.

Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the American Military Government issued a special law outlawing the Nazi party and all of its branches. Known as "Law number five", this denazification decree disbanded the National Socialist Civil Servants Federation, like all other organizations linked to the Nazi Party. In the postwar years, it was reestablished as the German Civil Service Federation in the Federal Republic of Germany.

See also
German Civil Service Federation

Notes and references

Trade unions established in 1933
1933 establishments in Germany
Organizations disestablished in 1945
Nazi Party organizations
Defunct trade unions of Germany
Fascist trade unions

Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten


The Battle of Blountville, sometimes called Battle of Blountsville, was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on September 22, 1863, in Sullivan County, Tennessee.

Battle
The battle occurred during a Union expedition into East Tennessee led by Major General Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of the Ohio, with the objective of clearing the roads and gaps to Virginia and securing the saltworks in southwestern Virginia. On September 22, Union Col. John W. Foster, with his cavalry and artillery, engaged Col. James E. Carter and his troops at Blountville. Foster attacked at noon and in the four-hour battle shelled the town and initiated a flanking movement, compelling the  Confederates to withdraw. Blountsville was the initial step in the Union's attempt to force Confederate Maj. Gen. Sam Jones and his command to retire from East Tennessee.

The Sullivan County courthouse in Blountville was gutted by a fire that broke out during the shelling. It was rebuilt in 1866.

External links
 Battle of Blountville Reenactment and Military Park

References

 CWSAC Report Update

Blountville
Blountville
Blountville
Blountville
Blountville
Sullivan County, Tennessee
Blountville
1863 in Tennessee
Blountville, Tennessee
September 1863 events

Battle of Blountville


Eremophila verrucosa is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is an erect, broom-shaped shrub with its leaves and branches covered with yellow-grey scales and lilac to purple flowers.

Description
Eremophila freelingii is an erect, broom-like shrub which grows to a height of between . Its branches, leaves, flower stems and part of its sepals are covered with a layer of yellow-grey or grey scales. The branches are orange-brown in colour and are covered with many small, raised, warty lumps with the scales not covering the lumps. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs and clustered near the ends of the branches, linear to narrow elliptic in shape,  long and  wide. The leaves are sometimes S-shaped in side view and have a more or less hooked tip.

The flowers are borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils on hairy stalks  long. There are 5 grey-green, hairy sepals which are egg-shaped to lance-shaped with a tapering end and  long. The petals are  long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is purple to lilac-coloured, sometimes white and is spotted with dark purple inside the tube. The outside of the tube and the petal lobes are covered with branched hairs but the inner surface of the lobes is glabrous while the tube is filled with long, cobweb-like hairs. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering is followed by fruits which are dry, woody, oval to cone-shaped,  long with a hairy covering.

Taxonomy and naming
The species was first formally described in 1979 by Robert Chinnock and the description was published in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. The specific epithet (verrucosa) is a Latin word meaning "full of warts".

There are two subspecies:
 Eremophila verrucosa  Chinnock subsp. verrucosa which has interlacing branched hairs on the outside of the petal tube;
 Eremophila verrucosa subsp. brevistellata Chinnock  which has hairs on the outside of the petal tube with short branches which are not interlaced.

Distribution and habitat
Subspecies verrucosa is widespread in the North-Western and Lake Eyre bioregions of South Australia where it grows in rocky places or on gibber flats. Subspecies brevistellata occurs in sandhils near Ooldea.

Use in horticulture
Eremophila verrucosa is not well known in horticulture but its grey foliage contrasts with its well displayed lilac-coloured to purple flowers. It has been propagated by grafting onto Myoporum rootstock and grows best in well-drained soil in a sunny position. It is moderately frost tolerant but young growing tips can be damaged by severe frosts.

References

Flora of South Australia
verrucosa
Plants described in 1979
Taxa named by Robert Chinnock

Eremophila verrucosa


The Antoniev Monastery ("St Anthony's Monastery", ) rivalled the Yuriev Monastery as the most important monastery of medieval Novgorod the Great. It stands along the right bank of the Volkhov River north of the city centre and forms part of the Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings, a World Heritage Site.

The monastery was founded in 1117 by St Anthony of Rome, who, according to legend, flew to Novgorod from Rome on a rock (the alleged rock is now in the vestibule just to the right of the main door into the Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God beneath a fresco of Bishop Nikita of Novgorod). Anthony was consecrated hegumen of the monastery in 1131 by Archbishop Nifont (1130–1156) and was buried beneath a large slab to the right of the altar in the same church.

The Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God, like the Church of St. George in the Yuriev Monastery, is one of the few three-domed churches in Russia.  It is also one of the few buildings in Russia which survived from the 12th century. It was founded by Anthony in 1117 and completed in 1119.  There are some frescoes from the Middle Ages still extant, most notably in the apse, but most are from the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries and are in some disrepair.

Kirik the Novgorodian was a monk of the monastery  famous for writing the first mathematical treatise in Eastern Slavdom, the "Teaching on Numbers", a theological work known as "The Questions of Kirik" and a few entries in the Novgorodian First Chronicle.

The monastery owned lands in Vodskaya and Shelonskaya pyatinas making it the fourth-largest landowner among the Novgorodian monasteries. A significant part of its lands were confiscated after the conquest of Novgorod by Moscow however the monastery gradually restored its position thanks to gifts and acquisitions. The hegumen and the monks of the monastery were killed by the forces of Ivan IV during the Massacre of Novgorod. The cult of St Anthony, the founder of the monastery, increased in importance after the miraculous discovery of his remains in 1597. In the second half of the 17th century the archbishops of Novgorod favoured the monastery. Multiple stone buildings were erected and in 1740 a seminary was founded.

The monastery is currently part of the  Novgorod United Museum-Preserve and has not been returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.

See also
 Desyatinny Monastery

References

 Robert Michell and Neville Forbes, ed., The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471 (New York: American Medieval Society Press, 1970), 9-10, 12.

Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Russian Orthodox monasteries in Russia
Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings
1106 establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Novgorod Oblast

Antoniev Monastery


Brazilian Mastiff is a large mastiff-type dog that descends by crossing the Roman Mastiffs with the Bloodhound to develop this dog breed.

Trivia: This dog was also known in Brazil as Fila Brasileiro. Brazilian Mastiff is not a hound-type dog is a mastiff dog breed looks like a bloodhound than a mastiff.

Dog breeds
FCI breeds

Fila Brasileiro


A hospice is a type of medical treatment that helps take care of people who are very sick and have an illness that they will not be able to heal from. People who stay in hospices are expected to die soon, but sometimes they get better. Hospices are different from other medicinal treatments because they mostly try to make people feel better instead of trying to cure them. Hospice tries to allow people to die with as little pain as possible. A member of the hospice team visits regularly, and someone is usually always available by phone — 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Hospice may be covered by Medicare.

Most hospice care is provided at home — with a family member typically serving as the primary caregiver. However, hospice care is also available at hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities and dedicated hospice facilities.

Hospices have doctors, nurses, and other people who go to patients houses, nursing homes and hospitals to talk to people who want to use hospice medicine.

In the United States hospice treatment is a benefit provided by the federal government since 1982. Under the Medicare Hospice Benefit, a person certified by two physicians to have less than six months to live can get specialized hospice services through various insurance programs.

History
The Hospice movement was started in England in the 1950s by a nurse named Dame Cicely Saunders. The word Dame at the start of her name means that she did such good work starting hospices that the Queen of England made her a female knight.

A different nurse named Florence Wald brought hospice medicine to the United States because she worked with Dame Cicely Saunders and liked what she did.

Types of Hospice Care
There are four types of hospice care, and all of them focus on different stages of a patient's needs.

In-Home Hospice : The first level of hospice care is in-home hospice, which means that hospice staff will come to a patient's home to provide care. This type of hospice care is typically used in the early stages of hospice, helping patients transition from a hospital to their homes.
Continuous Care: The second level of hospice care is continuous care, which is in-home care with 24/7 support. With constant care, a patient has a member of hospice staff on hand at all times to help assist in symptom management.

In-Patient Hospice: The third level of hospice care is in-patient hospice care. While it's never a patient's first choice to be in a hospital, away from the comfort of their home, there are times when symptoms become too much to manage even by continuous in-home care. In-patient hospice allows a patient to be observed by nurses and physicians around the clock, ready at a moment's notice to treat advanced symptoms and offer expert insights and care. In-patient hospice facilities tend to be calmer and more "home-like" than regular hospital visits to replicate a familiar setting's comfort.

Respite Care: The fourth and final level of hospice care is respite care. Respite care exists as a sort of hybrid between in-patient and in-home or continuous home care. The point of respite care is primarily to offer relief to caregivers. Especially for those with no medical background, becoming a primary caregiver to a hospice patient can be too physically taxing and emotionally draining. Respite care allows caregivers relief from the responsibility of having a hospice patient in their care for as many as five days and nights so they can rest.

References

Medicine
Death

Hospice


Tom Powers (born September 18, 1959) is an American former stock car racing driver. He drove for his own team in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series from 2000 to 2002.

He made his debut in the series in 2000. He started 28th and finished 27th in a lone start at Gateway.

Powers stepped it up in 2001, running sixteen races. On the downside, his team was low-budget and struggled throughout the entire season. However, he did have a best finish of 16th at Chicago Motor and had two other top-20 finishes: at Nashville and Kentucky. Powers' main problem was finishing races. His team only finished half of the races they started, leading the team to 21st in 2001 points.

Powers' team still ran on a limited schedule and budget in 2002, only managing to make ten starts. The results were none too bright. His best finishes on the year were a pair of 20ths at Dover and Kansas. Oddly, despite the loss of results, Powers was much more consistent, finishing all but one race in the year. However, the low budget finally forced Powers out of NASCAR after 2002 and Powers has not raced in major NASCAR since.

References

External links

NASCAR drivers
Living people
1959 births
People from Clayton, Georgia
Racing drivers from Georgia (U.S. state)

Tom Powers (racing driver)


Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. Almost all gymnosperms are anemophilous, as are many plants in the order Poales, including grasses, sedges, and rushes. Other common anemophilous plants are oaks, pecans, pistachios, sweet chestnuts, alders and members of the family Juglandaceae (hickory or walnut family). Approximately 12% of plants across the globe are pollinated by anemophily, including cereal crops like rice and corn and other prominent crop plants like wheat, rye, barley, and oats. In addition, many pines, spruces, and firs are wind-pollinated.

Syndrome

Features of the wind-pollination syndrome include a lack of scent production, a lack of showy floral parts (resulting in small, inconspicuous flowers), reduced production of nectar, and the production of enormous numbers of pollen grains. This distinguishes them from entomophilous and zoophilous species (whose pollen is spread by insects and vertebrates respectively).

Anemophilous pollen grains are smooth, light, and non-sticky, so that they can be transported by air currents. Wind-pollinating plants have no predisposition to attract pollinating organisms. They freely expel a myriad of these pollen grains, and only a small percentage of them ends up captured by the female floral structures on wind-pollinated plants. They are typically  in diameter, although the pollen grains of Pinus species can be much larger and much less dense. Anemophilous plants possess lengthy, well-exposed stamens to catch and distribute pollen. These stamens are exposed to wind currents and also have large, feathery stigma to easily trap airborne pollen grains. Pollen from anemophilous plants tends to be smaller and lighter than pollen from entomophilous ones, with very low nutritional value to insects due to their low protein content. However, insects sometimes gather pollen from staminate anemophilous flowers at times when higher-protein pollens from entomophilous flowers are scarce. Anemophilous pollens may also be inadvertently captured by bees' electrostatic field. This may explain why, though bees are not observed to visit ragweed flowers, its pollen is often found in honey made during the ragweed floral bloom. Other flowers that are generally anemophilous are observed to be actively worked by bees, with solitary bees often visiting grass flowers, and the larger honeybees and bumblebees frequently gathering pollen from corn tassels and other grains.

Anemophily is an adaptation that helps to separate the male and female reproductive systems of a single plant, reducing the effects of inbreeding. It often accompanies dioecy – the presence of male and female reproductive structures on separate plants.

Allergies
Almost all pollens that are allergens are from anemophilous species. People allergic to the pollen produced by anemophilous plants often have symptoms of hay fever. Grasses (Poaceae) are the most important producers of aeroallergens in most temperate regions, with lowland or meadow species producing more pollen than upland or moorland species. In Morocco, it was found that asthma caused by pollen from Poaceae accounted for 10% of the clinical respiratory diseases that patients faced. The nature of how species of Poaceae grasses flower results in an increase in the time that the allergenic pollen circulates through the air, which is not favorable to people who are hypersensitive to it.

References

External links

Plant morphology
Pollination
Wind

Anemophily


A model airplane is a small sized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. It may be a replica of an existing airplane or an imaginary aircraft.

Model aircraft are generally divided into two basic types, flying and non-flying. Non-flying models are also called static, display, or shelf models. Flying models range from simple toy gliders to powered scale models. Some can be very large, especially when used to simulate the conditions of a real flight. Static models range from mass-produced toys to highly accurate models used for museum display.

Aircraft manufacturers and researchers use wind tunnel models. They are used for testing new designs and development of new ones. Sometimes only part of the aircraft is modeled.

Related pages
 Glow fuel

Aircraft
Toys

Model airplane


Westhoff Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Westhoff, Texas (USA).

The district operates one school serving grades PK-8.

The school was founded in 1908 (at a time when the community was called "Bello").  In 1950 the Lindenau and Wallis Ranch schools were consolidated into the Westhoff Rural School District as a result of state law passed; in 1978 the district became an independent district.

In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

References

External links

School districts in DeWitt County, Texas

Westhoff Independent School District


Paul Carter (4 March 1970 – 12 August 2006) was a Scottish artist known for his constructions. After his untimely death he was described in The Scotsman newspaper as "an important contemporary Scottish artist, and an inspiration both to his peers and his students."

Carter was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. In 1990  he graduated in Sculpture from Edinburgh College of Art with first-class honours. In 1994 he took part in the "Aerial Project" with other Edinburgh and Glasgow artists. He began teaching at the Edinburgh School of Art in 1997, subsequently also teaching at the Glasgow School of Art.

Carter's artworks included large installations and sculptures. He set out to demystify contemporary art, in his art practice and his teaching. His work was influenced by his varied interests in music, the 1960s countercultures, theology and physics. From 1998 music featured as part of his art. He exhibited his work across Europe, in Canada and Japan. According to his obituary by artist Robert Montgomery, he would "be remembered as an artist whose work opened up the sometimes narrow critical discourse of post-conceptual art in Scotland in the 1990s to questions of science, spirituality, politics and God."

Carter died in a car crash near Gosford House, East Lothian, on 12 August 2006 aged 36.

Publications
 Suburban Guerilla, , pub. The Embassy Gallery, March 2006.

References

External links
 Scottish Arts Council Archive: Paul Carter
 re-title.com: Paul Carter
 Axis Open Frequency: Paul Carter
 paulcarter.ourbrilliantwedding.com

1970 births
2006 deaths
Scottish artists
Road incident deaths in Scotland
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art

Paul Carter (artist)


Roy Elmer Ayers (November 9, 1882May 23, 1955) was a U.S. Democratic politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives and as the 11th Governor of Montana. He was the first governor of Montana to be born in what would become the state of Montana.

Biography
Ayers was born on a ranch near Lewistown in the Territory of Montana, and attended the rural schools in the area. He attended Lewistown High School and graduated from the law department of Valparaiso University in 1903. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Lewistown, He also became engaged in ranching and the raising of livestock. On June 7, 1905, he married Ellen Simpson and the couple had three children.

Career
Ayers served as attorney of Fergus County, Montana from 1905 to 1909, and Judge of the Tenth Judicial District of Montana from 1913 to 1921. During the First World War, Ayers served as chairman of the Fergus County Exemption Board. He was the Justice of the State supreme court from January 1922 until his resignation on November 22, 1922, when he resumed ranching and the private practice of law in Lewistown. In 1924, he ran for Governor of Montana, but lost in the Democratic primary to John E. Erickson, who would later go on to win the general election. Ayers challenged him in the primary again in 1928, and was defeated by less than a thousand votes by Erickson, who again won the general election.

In 1932, Ayers was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Montana's 2nd congressional district, defeating Republican Congressman Scott Leavitt. He was re-elected over Republican nominee Stanley Felt in 1934 in a landslide.

Rather than seek re-election to a third term, Ayers opted to run for governor in 1936, and narrowly defeated incumbent governor Elmer Holt in the Democratic primary. In the general election, he barely defeated former Lieutenant Governor of Montana Frank Hazelbaker, the Republican nominee. During his administration, he oversaw the expansion of the state bureaucracy, signed a bill to give the governor new powers in directing state government, the state deficit was eliminated, and state bond interests were lowered. In 1940, Dr. J.C. Dunn, superintendent of Warm Springs State Hospital (now Montana State Hospital) and longtime campaign supporter of Ayers' testified before a select committee hearing by the Montana Senate about the misappropriation of foodstuffs from both the hospital and state liquor warehouse by Governor Ayers. Dunn testified that he was told to supply the governor's mansion with food from Warm Springs, bringing produce meant for the hospital to Ayers' home on several occasions. On one occasion, Dunn noted, supplies brought to the Ayers' home were estimated to be "...a hundred pounds of sugar, about two cases of canned goods, fifteen pounds of butter, fifty to seventy-five pounds of meat..." Dunn additionally noted that both Ayers and himself took liquor from the state liquor warehouse without paying on several occasions. When he ran for re-election in 1940, he only won the Democratic primary with a thin plurality, and was defeated in the general election by Sam C. Ford, a former Montana Supreme Court Associate Justice. He ran in the Democratic primary to challenge Ford in 1944, but came in third behind Leif Erickson and Austin B. Middleton.

He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1920 and 1940, and to every State Democratic Convention from 1906 to 1940.

Death
After ending his political career, Ayers returned to ranching. He died in Lewistown, Montana, and was interred at the Lewistown City Cemetery in 1955.

References

External links

National Governors Association

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
The Political Graveyard

People from Lewistown, Montana
Democratic Party governors of Montana
Montana state court judges
Justices of the Montana Supreme Court
Valparaiso University alumni
1882 births
1955 deaths
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Montana
20th-century American judges
20th-century American politicians

Roy E. Ayers


The 2002 Bali terrorist bombings took place in Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The attack was the deadliest act of terrorism in the history of Indonesia. Kuta is a popular tourist destination. 202 people were killed. 164 of them were foreigners, 38 were Indonesian citizens. Most of those killed were Australians, Britons and Indonesians. In addition, 209 people were injured.

The bombings
At around 11 in the evening, a bomb destroyed a bar on Bali. The bomb was in a backpack, and only the person that owned it died. A few seconds later, a larger bomb went off. This bomb was close to 1,000 kilograms.

Attackers
A terrorist group called Jemaah Islamiyah are believed to be responsible for making and exploding the device.

In total, four people were charged with the terrorist attack. An Indonesian court sentenced three of them to death. One person received a long prison sentence.

2002 in Asia
2000s building bombings
2000s in Indonesia

2002 bombings
Building bombings in Asia

Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2000s
Mass murder in the 2000s
Massacres in Asia
Murder in 2002
October events
Suicide bombings in Asia
Suicide car and truck bombings
Suicide in the 2000s

2002 Bali terrorist bombing


Joel D. Wynkoop (born August 24, 1960, in Owatonna, Minnesota) is an American actor and filmmaker.

Biography
The Florida-based filmmaker who has gained a following in the horror-movie video circuit through his appearances in over 30 independent films and has worked numerous times with directors Tim Ritter and Kevin Lindenmuth.

Actor career
His roles have varied from a victim of a jealous husband in Killing Spree (1987) to Angus Lynch, the escaped serial killer in Creep (1995) and Gus Kimball, the psychotic policeman who is the subject of the "mockumentaries" Dirty Cop No Donut (1999) and Dirty Cop 2: I Am A Pig (2001).

Directing career
He has produced and directed two efforts: Lost Faith (1992), a martial arts film and The Bite (2005), a vampire/horror movie.  He received the Best Actor Award at the Italian Film Festival in 1995 for Creep and the prestigious Crystal Reel Award for The Bite from the Florida Motion Picture and Television Association.

Wynkoop's other movies include: Truth or Dare A Critical Madness, Twisted Illusions one and two, Wicked Games, Screaming For Sanity, Rot, Scary Tales, Scary Tales: The Return of Mr. Longfellow, Brain Robbers From Outer Space, Deathplots, All Wrapped Up, I Am Vengeance, Jan-Gel 2, The Beast From The East, Alien Agenda: Out Of The Darkness, Alien Agenda: Endangered Species, Alien Conspiracy, Return To The Lost World, Raging Bells, Light Of Blood, Dark Dimensions, Angora, Always Midnight, Tales For The Midnight Hour, Horror Tales 666, Tales Till The End, Jacker 2, Addicted To Murder 2: Tainted Blood, Blood Lust, Accidental Memories, and A Ludicrus Tale.

External links

Joel Wynkoop interview on (re)Search my Trash

Living people
1960 births
American people of Dutch descent
People from Owatonna, Minnesota
Film directors from Minnesota

Joel D. Wynkoop


Kazu Kibuishi is the writer and artist of Copper, a comic strip. He also wrote Amulet which is a series of graphic novels which are like comic books. He was born 1978, in Tokyo, Japan. He moved to the United States in 1982. He lives in Alhambra, California. He has a degree in film studies from the University of California. He is married to Amy Kim Ganter who is a comic book artist and illustrator.

He is a writer, editor, illustrator, art director, comic book artist, graphic novelist, producer, and animator. He's an animator at Shaded Box which is an animation, commercial, and video game studio. Animators make movies and cartoons.

Copper follows the quests of an intelligent dog and his owner in a world of steampunk technology and fiction. The series continues to appear on the Internet and gains him quite a few fans.

References

 Kazu Kibuishi." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Biography in Context. Web. 1 Apr. 2014
 Bolt City. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://boltcity.com>

1978 births
Living people
Writers from Tokyo

Kazu Kibuishi