Davidof Volcano is a potentially active stratovolcano and caldera remnant in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, USA,  from Anchorage. Located on the eponymous island, Davidof is part of the Rat Islands sub-chain. It is also part of the "Aleutian Krakatau", a group of four islands formed when a stratovolcano caved in during the late Cenozoic.

In December 2021, an earthquake swarm was detected on the island, causing the Alaska Volcano Observatory to raise the volcano's alert level to Yellow. Another earthquake swarm, possibly a continuation of the first, was detected in late January 2022.

Accessibility
Since the island is uninhabited, very little transportation is available. Transport can be found in Adak, albeit that the town is  from the island.

Geography and geology
Because of the inclusion of Alaska, the United States has the largest number of active volcanoes in the world, many of them geologically young. In Alaska, at least 50 volcanoes, including those in the Aleutian archipelago, have erupted in historical time. Alaska accounts for about 80% of the United States' volcanoes, excluding the seamounts in the area, about 8% of the world's volcanoes, and most of these are located among the Aleutian Islands. The Aleutian Arc forms the northern boundary of the Pacific Ring of Fire, where tectonic activity generates earthquakes and volcanic eruptions regularly.

The largest of four tiny islands in the "Aleutian Krakatau" caldera, Davidof is a stratovolcano and caldera remnant of a larger stratovolcano, which presumably collapsed at the end of the Cenozoic period. In all, the caldera extends for  underwater. Davidof Island's shape is abstract, with many inclining, steep features and several sea cliffs. There are no visible water features.

Davidof's exact composition is unknown, although studies conducted by W.H. Nelson of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) determined that the lava, at least, was layered over a base of red breccia. The lavas appeared to be differentiating, but stuck to gray color with either "glassy or fine-grained, compact or dikty-taxitic" composition. Much like Segula Island, all of Davidof's lava and even pyroclastic deposits interact by overlapping with each other. The uppermost layer of these deposits is formed by the pyroclastic flow deposits.
The lava is filled with phenocrysts like feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene, and these can be found easily about the lava areas.

Eruptive history
Although no eruptions have been recorded at Davidof, there is evidence of activity at the volcano. Through aerial photography, lava flow deposits have been detected among the flanks of the island. While the exact age of the deposits is still unknown, one source estimates that they are probably less than 10,000 years old.

Wildlife
Despite its small size, Davidof is heavily vegetated, with variations of moss, lichen, and heath.  Spread throughout the island are grass and sedges, which cover much of the lower surface. Fungi, liverworts, horsetails, and ferns, can be found on the island, along with flowering plants, such as the narcissus anemone, lupines, and orchids. Seaweed is also common on the island's beaches.

References

Bibliography
Wood, Charles A., and Kienle, Jürgen, (eds.), 1990. Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada; New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p. .

Volcanoes of the Aleutian Islands
Landforms of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
Volcanoes of Alaska
Stratovolcanoes of the United States
Volcanoes of Unorganized Borough, Alaska

Davidof Volcano


The Pleuronectidae are a family of flatfish that are widely known as righteye flounders. The reason why they're called like that is because most species lie on the seabed on their left sides, with both eyes on their right sides. Only a few species can also have their eyes on the left side. Females lay eggs that float in mid-water until the larvae develop, and they sink to the bottom.

They are found on the bottoms of oceans around the world. The name of the family is derived from the Greek πλευρά (pleura), meaning "rib" or "side", and νηκτόν (nekton), meaning "swimming".

References

 Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Pleuronectidae" in FishBase. October 2012 version.
 Eschmeyer W.N.; Herald, E.S.; and Hammann, H. (1983). A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes. Peterson Field Guides. ISBN 978-0618002122

This short article about biology can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Ray-finned fish
Teleosts
Flatfish

Pleuronectidae


Lake Mackay (Pintupi: Wilkinkarra) is a large salt lake in central Australia. It stretches across the border between Western Australia and the Northern Territory. All around it is desert. The Great Sandy Desert is to the northwest, the Tanami Desert is to the northeast, and the Gibson Desert is to the south. There are hundreds of salt lakes along this border area, and Lake Mackay is the largest. It has a surface area of , and is about  long from east to west and north to south. It is the second-largest lake in Australia.

The lake was named after the first European to visit it, Donald George Mackay. The lake is most often dry, because of quick evaporation. Salt and other minerals float on the surface.

Lake Mackay is a central place in dreamtime stories for several Aboriginal groups, especially the Pintupi. The lake forms the centre of the Pintupi ancestral lands. Many sacred paths and tracks come together at the shores of the lake. According to mythology, the lake was formed after a fierce bushfire that ruined the land around it.

References

Lakes of the Northern Territory
Geography of Western Australia

Lake Mackay


A rotating biological contactor or RBC is a biological fixed-film treatment process used in the secondary treatment of wastewater following primary treatment. The primary treatment process involves removal of grit, sand and coarse suspended material through a screening process, followed by settling of suspended solids. The RBC process allows the wastewater to come in contact with a biological film in order to remove pollutants in the wastewater before discharge of the treated wastewater to the environment, usually a body of water (river, lake or ocean). A rotating biological contactor is a type of secondary (biological) treatment process. It  consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel discs mounted on a rotating shaft which is supported just above the surface of the wastewater. Microorganisms grow on the surface of the discs where biological degradation of the wastewater pollutants takes place.

Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) are capable of withstanding surges in organic load. To be successful, micro-organisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through a clarifier where the sloughed biological solids in suspension settle as a sludge.

Operation

The rotating packs of disks (known as the media) are contained in a tank or trough and rotate at between 2 and 5 revolutions per minute. Commonly used plastics for the media are polyethylene, PVC and expanded polystyrene. The shaft is aligned with the flow of wastewater so that the discs rotate at right angles to the flow, with several packs usually combined to make up a treatment train. About 40% of the disc area is immersed in the wastewater.

Biological growth is attached to the surface of the disc and forms a slime layer. The discs contact the wastewater with the atmospheric air for oxidation as it rotates. The rotation helps to slough off excess solids. The disc system can be staged in series to obtain nearly any detention time or degree of removal required. Since the systems are staged, the culture of the later stages can be acclimated to the slowly degraded materials.

The discs consist of plastic sheets ranging from 2 to 4 m in diameter and are up to 10 mm thick. Several modules may be arranged in parallel and/or in series to meet the flow and treatment requirements. The discs are submerged in waste water to about 40% of their diameter. Approximately 95% of the surface area is thus alternately submerged in waste water and then exposed to the atmosphere above the liquid. Carbonaceous substrate is removed in the initial stage of RBC. Carbon conversion may be completed in the first stage of a series of modules, with nitrification being completed after the 5th stage. Most design of RBC systems will include a minimum of 4 or 5 modules in series to obtain nitrification of waste water. As the biofilm biomass changes from Carbon metabolizing to nitrifying, a visual colour change from grey/beige to brown can be seen which is illustrated by the adjacent photo.

Biofilms, which are biological growths that become attached to the discs, assimilate the organic materials (measured as BOD5) in the wastewater. Aeration is provided by the rotating action, which exposes the media to the air after contacting them with the wastewater, facilitating the degradation of the pollutants being removed. The degree of wastewater treatment is related to the amount of media surface area and the quality and volume of the inflowing wastewater.

RBC's regularly achieve the following effluent parameters for treated waste water: BOD5: 20 mg/L, Suspended Solids: 30 mg/L and Ammonia N: 20 mg/L. They consume very low power and make little noise due to the slow rotation of the rotor (2-5 RPM). They are generally considered very robust and low maintenance systems. Better discharge effluent parameters can be achieved by adding a tertiary polishing filter after the RBC to lower BOD5, SS and Ammonia Nitrogen. An additional UV or Chlorination step can achieve effluent parameters that make the water suitable for irrigation or toilet flushing.

Secondary clarification
Secondary clarifiers following RBCs are identical in design to conventional humus tanks, as used downstream of trickling filters. Sludge is generally removed daily, or pumped automatically to the primary settlement tank for co-settlement. Regular sludge removal reduces the risk of  anaerobic conditions from developing within the sludge, with subsequent sludge flotation due to the release of gases.

History

The first RBC was installed in West Germany in 1959, later it was introduced in the United States and Canada. In the United States, rotating biological contactors are used for industries producing wastewaters high in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (e.g., petroleum industry and dairy industry). In the UK, the first GRP RBC's - manufactured by KEE Process Ltd. originally known as KLARGESTER - go back to 1955.

A properly designed RBC produced a very high quality final effluent. However both the organic and hydraulic loading had to be addressed in the design phase.

In the 1980s problems were encountered in the USA prompting the Environmental Agency to commission a number of reports.

These reports identified a number of issues and criticized the RBC process. One author suggested that since manufacturers were aware of the problem, the problems would be resolved and suggested that design engineers should specify a long life.

Severn Trent Water Ltd, a large UK Water Company based in the Midlands, employed RBCs as the preferred process for their small works which amount to over 700 sites  Consequently, long life was essential to compliance.

This issue was successfully addressed by Eric Findlay C Eng when he was employed by Severn Trent Water Ltd in the UK following a period of failure of a number of plants. As a result, the issue of short life failure became fully understood in the early 1990s when the correct process and hydraulic issues had been identified to produce a high quality nitrified effluent.

There are several other papers which address the whole issue of RBCs. Findlay also developed a system for repairing defective RBCs enabling shaft and frame life to be extended up to 30 years based on the Cranfield designed frame. Where additional capacity was required intermediate frames are used.

See also
 Activated sludge
 Aerated lagoon
 Trickling filter
 Industrial wastewater treatment
 List of waste water treatment technologies
 Sewage treatment

References

External links
 Design Criteria for Rotating Biological Contactors
 Implementing Rotating Biological Contactor Solutions
 Applying the Rotating Biological Contactor Process
 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Wastewater Operator Certification. Biological Treatment - Attached-Growth Processes Study Guide, February 2016 Edition
 Penn State Harrisburg Environmental Training Center Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator Certification Training - Module 21: Rotating Biological Contactors

Environmental engineering
Chemical equipment
Biodegradable waste management
Waste treatment technology
Water treatment

Rotating biological contactor


The Tandang Sora National Shrine (Filipino: Dambana ni Melchora (Tandang Sora) Aquino) is a national monument and memorial park in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is dedicated to Filipino revolutionary and centenarian, Melchora Aquino who is also known as "Tandang Sora".

Background
Melchora Aquino, popularly known as Tandang Sora is a key figure in the Philippine Revolution who offered shelter and medical aid to Katipunan revolutionaries despite her old age. She was known by the titles of "Mother of the Katipunan" and the "Grand Woman of the Revolution" for her role in the revolution. The place where the memorial is situated, along in present-day Banlat Road in a barangay in Quezon City named in honor of her is her birthplace.

After her death, her remains were initially buried at the Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Revolution at the Manila North Cemetery before being transferred to the Himlayang Pilipino. In 2012, her remains were transferred to the Tandang Sora Shrine.

History

The Tandang Sora Shrine was "restored" by the Quezon City government in 2005 as a tribute to Melchora Aquino and the shrine was built in 2008 during the tenure of then-Quezon City Mayor Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Prior to the shrine's construction, a marker is already present near the site of the shrine although it is generally hidden from view from the public by houses.

The Quezon City Council declared 2012 as Tandang Sora Year, a year-long celebration to mark the 200th birth anniversary of Melchora Auino. In line of the commemoration, there were efforts by the city government to have Aquino's remains which were then-located at the nearby Himlayang Pilipino exhumed and re-interred in the shrine. Such moves required approval from the Congress and their bid was helped by the approval of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NCHP) of the plan in 2011. The Himlayang Pilipino also gave consent for the exhumation of Aquino's remains.

Melchora Aquino's remains were then re-interred at the Tandang Sora Shrine on January 6, 2012, on her birth day. The re-interment ceremony was led by Novaliches Bishop Antonio Tobias who blessed Aquino's casket.

The memorial was later declared a national shrine on March 2, 2012, by the NHCP through a resolution.

Shrine
The shrine is situated along Banlat Road in Barangay Tandang Sora, Quezon City. It covers an area of  and features a  bronze sculpture. The remains of Melchora Aquino, which consists of three small bones and ash at the time of her re-interment in the shrine, is housed inside a small wooden casket, which in turn is placed inside a square space at the foot of the bronze sculpture designed by Toym Imao.

An art gallery is also hosted within shrine grounds which features paintings and other sculptures dedicated to Tandang Sora made by local artists from Quezon City. It also has a pavilion and stage for events, and a mini-museum dedicated to Melchora Aquino.

References

Monuments and memorials in Metro Manila
Buildings and structures in Quezon City
National Shrines of the Philippines
Parks in Quezon City

Tandang Sora National Shrine


Héctor Ayala (April 11, 1914 – March 12, 1990) was an Argentine guitarist and composer.

Ayala was born in Concordia in the province of Entre Rios. He started his career as a guitarist in Buenos Aires and made his debut in 1936 accompanying tango and folk singers. He later joined the Escuadrones de Guitarra (Guitar Squadrons) which were groups of 12-15 guitarists assembled and directed by Abel Fleury. In the 1950s he was active in radio in Buenos Aires and was a member of a tango quartet directed by Aníbal Troilo.

Hector Ayala composed a number of works for guitar, including pieces inspired by the music of Argentina and other Latin American countries. He also wrote a series of didactic methods for teaching guitar. He died in Buenos Aires.

Perhaps the most famous and celebrated work by Ayala is his Suite Americana.

Hector Ayala was the father of Hector Ayala Jr., who formed the rock duo Vivencia with Eduardo Fazio. The duo were active during the 1970s and mid 1980s.

External links
Liner notes for Guitar Music of Argentina (Naxos 8.555058) based on information supplied by the composers (Ayala, Falu, Guastavino, Heinze, Pujol, Saul) and by Nelly Menotti

1914 births
1990 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Argentine classical guitarists
Argentine male guitarists
Argentine classical composers
Male classical composers
20th-century guitarists
20th-century male musicians

Hector Ayala


Benton Harbor BASIC and Extended Benton Harbor BASIC were two versions of the BASIC programming language written by Heathkit for their H8 microcomputers. The BASICs were patterned on Dartmouth BASIC, and thus differ in many respects from the many Microsoft BASIC clones of the late-1970s era. The two differ from each other in that the former was able to run in machines with only 8 kB of main memory and only supported string constants, while Extended required 12 kB and added string variables and additional features. It is named after the town where Heathkit was located.

History
Heathkit had been watching the emerging microcomputer field since 1974, but at the time, they could not figure out what any of the traditional Heath customers would use one for. Attitudes changed when MITS introduced the Altair 8800 kit in January 1975 and it was a runaway bestseller. Heathkit began a program to develop their own kit that would be much superior to the Altair, which was known to have poor reliability due to a number of design decisions. The concept of building a computer remained a heated issue in the company, but started moving forward after one engineer stated "All right, we'll build a computer. But we're not going to get involved in software!"

The idea of not getting involved in software quickly revealed itself as a bad one. Although the new design was largely a cleaned up Altair, or S-100 bus design as they were known by this time, it differed enough that software for the Altair would not run without conversion. This would leave the prospective owner will little or nothing to do with their computer. The decision was made to sell the systems with at least some fundamental programs, but no one in the company had any software experience.

The company contacted Wintek of Lafayette, Indiana to write a suite of programs for the system. Wintek sent one of their programmers, Gordon Letwin, to the Heath headquarters in Benton Harbor, Michigan to meet with them. The project lead, Louis Frenzel, was surprised to find him coming to a business meeting with long hair, high-top sneakers and a velvet coat, but quickly realized he knew what he was doing and decided to hire him directly.

Letwin's first project was HDOS, an operating system for the platform. With this completed, he began work on BASIC. The first versions were extremely simple, supporting only the most basic functionality, limited to 6 digits of precision, lacking string manipulation, and only allowing a single statement per line. This version shipped with all H8 systems. For $10, the user could also purchase Extended BASIC, which started at Version 10, which added string variables and various additional functions.

The system was not particularly well reviewed. One review called it "medium quality" and expressed concern about how slow it was, some 10 times slower than North Star BASIC. Additionally, in spite of Heath's claims that Extended offered improved performance, benchmarking by one user demonstrated that most operations were either identical in speed or slightly slower, with the exception of some transcendental math functions like square root.

Description

Program editing
Like most BASICs of the era, the system could be used in either interactive or program mode, or as it was known at the time, immediate mode and deferred mode. Heath refers to these as command mode and program mode. Statements entered without a line number, in command mode, were run immediately. Those with a number at the front were put into the appropriate place in the program storage, possibly replacing an existing line with the same number. In contrast to later home computer versions, the H8 did not assume any sort of cursor addressable display, so editing the code had to be done by re-entering the entire line at the  prompt. Line numbers could be between 1 and 65,535, and any single line could be up to 80 characters in the base version, and 100 in Extended.

One advanced feature of the system was that it offered an autocomplete system. As the initial command is being typed in, as soon as it can be uniquely identified, the system will insert the entire word immediately. Although some other dialects like Sinclair BASIC offered similar features, they did so using special keystrokes or characters that performed the replacement.

Statements and commands
Statements were split into groups: those that could only be used in command mode, and thus known as commands, and those that could be used in command or program mode. Among those that could only be used in command mode were: ,  if it was paused, and  rather than the more common  to erase a program—  (SCRATCH was used in a number of contemporary BASICs). Programs were saved using  instead of , but loaded using . Files had long filenames and could be  after DUMPing.

Statements that could be used in command or program mode represented the majority of the language. Among these were the common  and the equivalent  seen on a few other systems, ,  for 1 or 2 dimensions, ,  with the ability to use variables as well as line number constants, the optional ,  which could only list a single line or the entire program,  and  computed branches,  and , ,  and . But it did not support a line number as seen in most dialects of the era, , ,  and .  was supported with a single optional prompt, and if the prompt was there, the question mark that would normally appear was suppressed. This could also be triggered by entering no prompt string and just the semicolon separator. An addition was the  command, seen in a few dialects, that stopped execution until a key was pressed.

Math operators were standard; , , ,  and . Logical operators were likewise standard; , , , ,  and . Boolean operators included ,  and .

Functions were largely standard as well, including , , , , ,  which was a truncate, not a floor as is the case in most versions, ,  which returned the cursor position, , , , ,  that output a number of space characters and  to move to a particular column,  to print the amount of free memory and  to call assembler language routines. Random numbers were based on a series;  would return the last number without advancing the series,  reseeded, and any positive value in the parameter returned the next value in the series.

There were also a number of additional special purpose functions and commands, including  which returns the value of the key being held down on the front panel's keypad, and  which converted the key value from PAD into a digit that could then be POKEd to the 7-segment display. Like Altair BASIC, Benton Harbor also included the  statement to write a value to a port number, as the Intel 8080 used numbered I/O ports.

Variables could have a single character or a single character and one digit - two letter names were not allowed.

Extended BASIC
Extended BASIC's primarily notable addition was string variables and a number of functions to operate on strings. String variables were indicated with the $ sign, as in most dialects, and could hold up to 256 characters. String functions included the standard , , , , ,  and . Concatenation was performed with . Extended also supported  which read the entire line as a single string instead of interpreting spaces as separators between values.

Another change was that the  function supplanted with the command , which printed out a detailed table showing the memory use.  was modified to take an optional value that would exit the pause state after that amount of time. The internal clock was updated every other millisecond, so this value was in units of 2 mS. The new  statement allowed the output of PRINT to be directed to a different device, which made outputting text much easier than using OUT and looping over the string.

Extended also added a number of features intended to make programming easier. Notable was the addition of a second comma-separated input to allow listing a range of lines, like , also seen on some other dialects like Atari BASIC. Others included , which in most dialects would be called , which turned on  automatic line numbering. For instance,  would result in a "100" being printed automatically after the line was entered, and then every line entered would increment the number by 10; 100, 110, 120 etc. This was turned off by pressing .  allowed a range of lines to be deleted, using the same range format as .

Another addition was the  command, which had a variety of settings based on a list of numbered entries. , for "setting zero", would set up the system to respond to control-B keypresses by performing a GOSUB to line, in this case, 500. Setting 1 set the number of digits before it would switch to exponent format, 2 controls the updates to the front-panel LED display, 3 sets the width of the "print zones" that are used when printing a list separated by commas (normally 14 characters), and 4 turns the hardware clock on or off. Turning the clock off can speed up programs by as much as 15%.

Finally, a small number of new math functions were added, including  and  which were provided with a comma-delimited list of number of values, and .

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

Heathkit computers
Discontinued BASICs
BASIC interpreters
BASIC programming language family
Programming languages created in 1978

Benton Harbor BASIC


A Tale of Two Sisters (; lit. "Rose Flower, Red Lotus") is a 2003 South Korean psychological horror-drama film written and directed by Kim Jee-woon. The film is inspired by a Joseon dynasty-era folktale entitled "Janghwa Hongryeon jeon", which has been adapted to film several times. The plot focuses on a recently released patient from a mental institution who returns home with her sister, only to face disturbing events between her stepmother and the ghosts haunting their house—all of which are connected to a dark past in the family's history.

The film opened to very strong commercial and critical reception and won Best Picture at the 2004 Fantasporto Film Festival. It is the highest-grossing South Korean horror film and the first South Korean picture to be screened in American theatres. An English-language remake titled The Uninvited was released in 2009 to mixed reviews.

Plot
A teenage girl, Su-mi, is being treated for shock and psychosis in a mental institution. She is released and returns home to her family's secluded estate in the countryside with her father and younger sister Su-yeon, whom she is protective of. The sisters have a cold reunion with their stepmother, Eun-joo, who constantly requires medication. Eun-joo also has a strained relationship with her husband, both of them enduring a sexless marriage.

Su-yeon has a nightmare of her late mother's ghost. The next day, Su-mi finds family photos which reveal that Eun-joo was formerly an in-home nurse for her then-terminally ill mother. She discovers bruises on her sister's arms and suspects Eun-joo is responsible. Su-mi confronts Eun-joo about the bruises but Eun-joo refuses to apologize for her actions. That night, their uncle and aunt arrive for dinner, and Eun-joo tells bizarre stories that bewilder them. The aunt suddenly suffers a violent seizure and suffocates. After recovering, she tells her husband that she saw the ghost of a dead girl beneath the kitchen sink during her seizure. Eun-joo tries to see what is beneath the sink, but the ghost girl violently grabs her arm.

Eun-joo's relationship with her stepdaughters sours after she finds her pet bird mutilated and killed and her personal photographs defaced. She believes that these actions are somehow connected to the girls and locks Su-yeon in the closet. Su-mi releases her and tells her father about the abuse. Her father begs her to stop acting out and informs her that Su-yeon is dead. Su-mi refuses to believe it as she is sure her sister is right next to her sobbing uncontrollably.

The next morning, Eun-joo drags a bloodied sack through the house, whipping it. Su-mi believes that Su-yeon is inside the sack. Eun-joo and Su-mi get into a violent physical altercation. Su-mi's father arrives to find an unconscious Su-mi.

It is ultimately revealed that Su-mi and her father were alone in the house the entire time. Su-mi had suffered from dissociative identity disorder, where she possessed two personalities: herself and a ruder, more distant variation of her stepmom Eun-joo. The "body" in the sack that Su-mi was whipping was actually a porcelain doll and she was also the one who killed the pet bird. Su-yeon was also revealed to be long dead; her presence was actually the result of Su-mi's hallucinations.

The father and the real Eun-joo send Su-mi back to the mental institution. Eun-joo tries to reconcile with Su-mi, promising to visit her as often as she can, but Su-mi rebuffs her. That night, Eun-joo hears footsteps in Su-yeon's old bedroom, revealing that the ghost actually exists. Su-yeon's real ghost crawls out of the closet and kills Eun-joo. Meanwhile, Su-mi smiles, appearing to have finally found peace.

Flashbacks reveal the day that led Su-mi to be institutionalized. While her terminally ill mother was still alive, her father engaged in an adulterous affair with Eun-joo, when she was still their in-home nurse. This upsets the sisters and drives their mother to hang herself in the closet of Su-yeon's bedroom. Su-yeon attempts to revive her but the closet collapses on top of her. Eun-joo sees Su-yeon thrashing and suffocating and at the last minute, decides to save Su-yeon. However, Su-mi arrives and criticises Eun-joo for interfering with her family. Angry at Su-mi's criticisms, Eun-joo leaves Su-yeon to die and tells Su-mi that she'll "regret this moment." Su-mi leaves the house, unaware of both her sister and her mother's fate.

Cast
 Im Soo-jung as Bae Su-mi
 Moon Geun-young as Bae Su-yeon
 Yum Jung-ah as Heo Eun-joo
 Kim Kap-soo as Bae Moo-hyeon
 Lee Seung-bi as Mi-hee (Eun-joo's sister in law)
 Lee Dae-yeon as Su-mi's doctor
 Park Mi-hyun as Mrs Bae (Moo-hyeon's first wife and Su-mi's and Su-yeon's mother)
 Woo Ki-hong as Sun-kyu (Eun-joo's brother)

Production

The film is loosely based on a popular Korean fairy tale, "Janghwa Hongryeon jeon", which has been adapted into film versions in 1924, 1936, 1956, 1962, 1972, and 2009.

In the original Korean folktale, the sisters' names are Janghwa and Hongryeon (Rose Flower and Red Lotus). In the film, they are Su-mi and Su-yeon (though the names still hold the meaning, Rose and Lotus).

Im Soo-jung (Su-mi) originally auditioned for the role of Su-yeon (played by Moon Geun-young).

Kim Jee-woon originally wanted Jun Ji-hyun to play Su-mi, but she refused the role because she thought the script was too scary. Her next film was an unrelated horror film, The Uninvited.

Release

Home media
The film was released on DVD on March 29, 2005 by Palisades Tartan. The film was originally announced for a Blu-ray release for October 22, 2013 by Tartan but the disc was never released as the company ceased operations. The DVD is now out of print. The film eventually received a region-free Blu-ray in Korea on October 14, 2013. Though the disc also offers English subtitles, the extras are all in Korean.

In 2023, Umbrella Entertainment is scheduled to release the film on Blu-Ray in June, 2023.

Reception

Box office
It is the highest-grossing Korean horror film and the first to be screened in American theaters upon release. With a limited American release starting 3 December 2004, it grossed $72,541.

Critical response
A Tale of Two Sisters garnered very positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 86% based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "Restrained but disturbing, A Tale of Two Sisters is a creepily effective, if at times confusing, horror movie." Meanwhile, Metacritic scored the film 65 out of 100, meaning "generally favorable reviews" from 19 critics.

Kevin Thomas of Los Angeles Times described A Tale of Two Sisters as "a triumph of stylish, darkly absurdist horror that even manages to strike a chord of Shakespearean tragedy – and evokes a sense of wonder anew at all the terrible things people do to themselves and each other."

Awards and nominations
2003 Sitges Film Festival
Nomination - Best Film

2003 Screamfest Horror Film Festival
Best Picture
Best Actress - Im Soo-jung

2003 Busan Film Critics Awards
Best New Actress - Im Soo-jung
Best Cinematography - Lee Mo-gae
Special Jury Prize - Kim Jee-woon

2003 Blue Dragon Film Awards
Best New Actress - Im Soo-jung
Nomination - Best New Actress - Moon Geun-young

2003 Korean Film Awards
Best New Actress - Im Soo-jung
Best Art Direction - Park Hee-jeong
Best Sound - Choi Tae-young

2003 Director's Cut Awards
Best Actress - Yum Jung-ah
Best New Actress - Im Soo-jung

2004 Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival
Silver Raven - Yum Jung-ah

2004 Fantasia Festival
Most Popular Film

2004 Fantasporto Film Festival
International Fantasy Film Best Actress - Im Soo-jung
International Fantasy Film Best Director - Kim Jee-woon
International Fantasy Film Best Film
Orient Express Section Special Jury Award

2004 Gérardmer Film Festival
Grand Prize
Prix 13ème Rue
Youth Jury Grand Prize

2004 Grand Bell Awards
Nomination - Best Actress - Yum Jung-ah
Nomination - Best New Actress - Im Soo-jung
Nomination - Best Cinematography - Lee Mo-gae
Nomination - Best Art Direction - Cho Geun-hyun
Nomination - Best Lighting - Oh Seung-chul
Nomination - Best Costume Design - Ok Su-gyeong
Nomination - Best Music - Lee Byung-woo
Nomination - Best Sound - Kim Kyung-taek, Choi Tae-young

Remake

DreamWorks announced the two lead actresses on 28 June, with Emily Browning as Anna Ivers (Su-mi) and Arielle Kebbel as Alex Ivers (Su-yeon). Although originally titled A Tale of Two Sisters like the original film, it was later renamed as The Uninvited.

See also
 K-horror

References

External links

2003 films
2003 horror films
2003 psychological thriller films
2000s psychological drama films
South Korean horror thriller films
South Korean ghost films
Fiction with unreliable narrators
Films about altered memories
Films about sisters
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
Films directed by Kim Jee-woon
2000s Korean-language films
2000s psychological horror films
South Korean supernatural horror films
Films about dysfunctional families
South Korean films remade in other languages
2003 drama films
Films about dissociative identity disorder
Films based on fairy tales
Adultery in films
2000s South Korean films

A Tale of Two Sisters


Herri Batasuna (; ; HB) was a far-left Basque nationalist coalition in Spain. It was founded in 1978 and defined itself as abertzale, left-wing, socialist, and supported the independence of the Greater Basque Country. It was refounded as Batasuna in 2001 and subsequently outlawed by the Spanish Supreme Court for being considered the political wing of the separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA).

History
The party was founded in April 1978 as Herri Batasuna, a coalition of leftist nationalist political groups initially brought together to advocate for "No" in the referendum to be held that year on the Spanish constitution.

Its constituent parties had been called together by senior Basque nationalist Telesforo de Monzón in a 1978 meeting called "The table of Alsasua". Herri Batasuna's founding convention was held in Lekeitio, home of Santiago Brouard, who was then the leader of HASI (Herriko Alderdi Sozialista Iraultzailea or Revolutionary Socialist People's Party). The party won 150,000 votes in the Basque Country (15%) and 22,000 additional votes in Navarre (9%) in its first Spanish general election in March 1979. Thus, they won three seats in the Spanish Parliament, which they did not occupy. The same happened in 1980 in the first elections to the Basque Parliament, in which HB stood as a second political force, with 151,636 votes (16.55%), winning 11 seats. Its absence allowed a BNP-only Basque government led by Carlos Garaikoetxea. On 20 November 1984, Brouard was assassinated by two members of the GAL. The killing is perhaps the only one performed by the GAL death squad within Spain itself.

Another well-known Herri Batasuna leader, Josu Muguruza, was also killed by members of the neo-fascist Bases Autónomas in 1989, while he was in a hotel in Madrid. He was a congressman in the Spanish Parliament when he was assassinated.

Electoral performance
Since its foundation, Herri Batasuna ran for every election in the Basque Country and in Navarre, as well as in Spanish general elections (from 1979 to 1996) and the European elections of 1987, 1989 and 1994. In the 2000 Spanish general election, it supported abstention. In the elections held from 1998 to 2001 it was part of the coalition Euskal Herritarrok.

Herri Batasuna refused to participate in many of the institutions it won seats in, with the exception of local town halls.

Spanish general elections

References

Bibliography

Political parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Banned secessionist parties
Banned socialist parties
Basque conflict
Basque history
Political parties established in 1978
Political parties disestablished in 2001
Politics of Spain
Pro-independence parties
Secessionist organizations in Europe
Socialist parties in Spain
1978 establishments in Spain
Political parties in Navarre
Banned political parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Organisations based in Bilbao

Herri Batasuna


Abdelkrim Badjadja (born March 26, 1945 in Constantine, Algeria) and died on 31 January 2022, in Constantine, is an Algerian archivist and historian. He has contributed greatly to the development of the National Archives of Algeria (Archives Nationales d'Algerie) and the preservation and dissemination of Algerian history. He published several works on the history of Algeria and the archival profession in Arabic and French.

Education
Badjadja attended the University of Constantine, Algeria where he studied history and geography. He received his license in 1972 and his DEA in 1974.

Career
Badjadja served as the Director of the Archive Department of Constantine from 1974–1991, and then Director of the National Library of Algeria from 1991–1992. He was the Director General of the National Archives of Algeria (Archives Nationales d'Algerie) from 1992–2001. He currently serves as the Consulting Archivist at the Information and Research Center, at the Presidency in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He was also the director of the Archives de Wilaya de Constantine in Constantine, Algeria.

From November 1986 to March 1987, he was placed under town arrest restrictions but no official reasons were ever given.

Selected bibliography
 "The Application of Senatus Consulte (1863-1887) in Constantine," National Archives 3, 1975
 "The Political Life in Constantine (1935-1940) Using the Archives of North African Liaison Services in the Wilaya of Constantine," National Archives 6, 1977
 "Finding Methods in Archives Centre," CIRTA Magazine 1, 1979
 "The Andalusian Music, History and Theory," The Roch 3 1985
 Investigation Over the Standard of Life of the Moslem Population in Constantine in 1936, 1989
 "The Occupation of Expert in Archives Administration as a Liberal Profession," Arab Archives Magazine 15, 1990
 Maps of the Ancient Tribes in Eastern Algeria, 1863–1887, 1990
 "The Struggle of Constantine, 1836–1837," Quire of Tunsis 157–158, 1991
 "Moslem Registry Office in Constantine in 1256 H. (1840–41)," Madjallat El-Tarikh 25, 1992
 "Italian Associations in Eastern Algeria from 1906 to 1939," Mograbin History Magazine 67, 1992
 "The History of the Ancient Town of Constantine," Madjallat El-Tarikh 25, 1992
 "Administrative Archives Management, Poor Basic Structure Coping with Huge Quantity of Useless Papers," Arab Archives Magazine 16, 1992
 "Three Documents over Maritime Relationship between Algeria and Villefranche (Comite de Nice) in XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries," Mograbin History Magazine 67–68, 1992
 "The Building Up and Promoting of Archives Centres," Arab Archives Magazine 17, 1997

References

 International biographical directory of national archivists, documentalists, and librarians / edited by Jeffrey M. White, Todd J Kosmerick, Laurie Scrivener ; compiled by Susan Houck. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press, 2000.
 International Counsel of Archives member directory:

External links
 http://membres.lycos.fr/badjadja ()

1945 births
Living people
Archivists
People from Constantine, Algeria

Abdelkarim Badjadja


The '1981 National Panasonic Series' was an Australian motor racing contest for Formula Pacific and Australian Formula 2 racing cars. It was the inaugural National Panasonic Series.

The series, which was sponsored by National Panasonic, was won by Bruce Allison, driving a Ralt RT4.

Schedule

The series was contested over four rounds with two heats per round.

Points system
"Points" were allocated on a 20-19-18-17-16-15-14-13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis for the first 20 places in each heat at each round and then aggregated for each driver to determine the actual round placings. Series points were then awarded, on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis, for the first six round placings.

Series results

The above table lists only the first three placings in the series.

References

National Panasonic Series

1981 National Panasonic Series


Richard Morrow Groat (November 4, 1930 – April 27, 2023) was an American professional baseball and basketball player who was an eight-time All-Star shortstop and two-time World Series champion in Major League Baseball. He rates as one of the most accomplished two-sport athletes in American sports history, a college All-America in baseball and basketball as well as one of only 13 to play both at the professional level.

Groat was the National League Most Valuable Player with the world champion Pittsburgh Pirates in 1960 when he won the batting title with a .325 average. He finished his career with a .286 batting average and 2,138 hits with four National League teams in 14 seasons. For seven seasons from 1956 to 1962, Groat teamed with future Hall of Fame second baseman Bill Mazeroski to give the Pirates one of the most efficient keystone combinations in baseball history. He ranked ninth in major league history in games played at shortstop (1,877) and fourth in double plays.

Groat attended Duke University as a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, where he was a two-time All-America, two-time McKelvin Award winner as the Southern Conference athlete of the year, and the first basketball player to have his number (10) retired in school history. In 2011, he was inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame, becoming the first person to be admitted to the college basketball and baseball halls of fame.

Early life and education
Groat was born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania to Martin and Gracie Groat, the youngest of five children. He was raised in Swissvale, Pennsylvania and attended Swissvale High School where he earned letters in basketball, baseball, and volleyball.

College career
Groat earned a basketball scholarship to attend Duke University where he became a two-sport star athlete. In basketball, he was a two-time college basketball All-American (1950–51, 1951–52) and one-time Helms Foundation Player of the Year recipient (1950–51). He was the Southern Conference Player of the Year as well as UPI National Player of the Year in the 1951–52 season, when he set an NCAA record with 839 points scored.

In his final regular-season game, Groat scored 48 points against the visiting University of North Carolina, the most by an opponent in Tar Heels history. The Blue Devils won in a 94–64 rout for their 13th consecutive triumph. Victories over Maryland and West Virginia extended the streak to 15 in the Southern Conference Tournament before the Blue Devils fell to North Carolina State 77–68 in the championship round to fall one win short of an NCAA Tournament berth.

On May 1, 1952, Groat had his jersey number 10 retired to the rafters of Cameron Indoor Stadium on campus. It would remain the only one retired by the school for 28 years. On November 18, 2007, he was inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame.

In baseball, Groat played shortstop for the Blue Devils. In his senior year (1952), he helped to lead the teams to a 31–7 record and their first College World Series. For the season, Groat hit .370 and led the team in doubles, hits, runs batted in, and stolen bases. He was a two-time winner of the McKelvin Award, given to the Athlete of the Year in the Southern Conference.

After Groat completed his junior year of college, Pirates' general manager Branch Rickey offered him a chance to play professional baseball while allowing him to complete his degree in the off-season. Groat respectfully declined out of deference to Duke and its scholarship commitment. At the same time, Groat assured Rickey that, if the same contract offer was extended one year later, he would accept it.

The St. Louis Cardinals and New York Giants also expressed interest in Groat, but Pittsburgh had the home-field advantage. He had always hoped to play near his hometown of Swissvale, a mere six miles from Forbes Field, the Pirates' home stadium. When Rickey repeated his offer in 1952 as expected, Groat signed his first professional contract, believed to be worth $35,000 to $40,000, which included a lucrative $25,000 bonus.

MLB career
Groat, then 21 years old, joined the Pirates on June 17 in New York, without a day of minor league experience. He made his major league debut the following day and subsequently batted a team-high .284 for the remainder of the season, recording 109 hits and 29 runs batted in.

After his MLB debut, Groat embarked on his second career, this one with the Pistons of the NBA. Four months into the season, he enlisted in the Army. He chose that time so his release would coincide with the start of baseball training camp two years later. During his military stint, he led Fort Belvoir teams to worldwide Army championships in baseball and basketball, the first time a single base had achieved the feat in the same year. He hit .362 on the diamond and averaged 35 points per game on the court.

When Groat returned to the Pirates in 1955, he led the last-place team in hits (139) and the NL in putouts at shortstop. One year later, he set a dubious MLB record – most at-bats (520) without a home run or stolen base in one season. In an attempt to improve their tenuous relationship, manager Bobby Bragan named him team captain midway through the season. Groat hit a .273 overall, but after his average tailed off in the final two months, he spent more time on his mechanics in the off-season.

Joe Brown was the Pirates' general manager in the final seven seasons that Groat spent with the team. In a 1961 Sport magazine story, Brown described his value like this: "(Groat) sets an example for the rest of the team. If he goes 5-for-5 and the team loses, he's unhappy. If he goes zero-for-5 and the team wins, he's happy. He's a constant reminder to the other players that a fellow can make himself a star without having all the tools."

At the outset of the 1957 season, Groat hit .319 in April and .370 in May, which put him in early contention for the NL batting title. He finished with a .315 average (fifth in the league) and a career-high seven home runs. On September 29, he threw out the final Giants batter in the last game they played at the Polo Grounds before moving to San Francisco in 1958.

In 1958, Groat hit .300 and led the NL in putouts and double plays, as the Pirates surprised the baseball world with a second-place finish. It marked the first time that they had placed higher than seventh in nine years.

While the Pirates failed to build on the momentum in 1959, Groat was selected to an All-Star team for the first time in his career. He hit .275 and paced the NL in putouts and double plays once again. The team finished last in home runs in the league, which convinced Brown to pursue a power hitter in the offseason. One potential trade would have sent Groat to the Kansas City Athletics in exchange for Roger Maris, a highly regarded 24-year-old outfielder. Manager Danny Murtaugh opposed the move.

In 1960, as the team captain, Groat became the first Pirate to be selected Most Valuable Player since Paul Waner in 1927. He hit .325 to become the first right-handed Pirates hitter to win the batting title since Honus Wagner in 1911. He sat out 20 days after his right wrist was fractured by a Lew Burdette pitch on September 6. Originally, Groat was expected to be sidelined for at least one month but he lobbied hard for an early return in order to be better prepared for the expected trip to the World Series.

Groat was considered one of the most difficult hitters to defend against in his era and a master of the hit-and-run play, a skill he developed under Pirates batting coach George Sisler, a two time .400 hitting Hall of Famer. Groat had good knowledge of the strike zone, walking more times than he struck out in six of his 13 full seasons.

1960 World Series
While Groat hit a mere .214 against the Yankees in the 1960 World Series, partly because of his fractured wrist, he made contributions in three of the four victories. In the series opener, Groat tied the score on a double in the first inning. He came around on a Bob Skinner base hit to give the underdog Pirates an early 2–1 advantage. The lead held up, 6–4, as Groat and Mazeroski teamed up on a double play for the final outs.

In the fifth game, with his team ahead, 3–1, Groat doubled to lead off the third inning. Roberto Clemente followed with an RBI single for what proved to be the decisive run. The Pirates went on to a 5–3 triumph that gave them a 3–2 lead in the series.

In Game 7, the Pirates trailed 7–4 in the seventh inning. Groat delivered an RBI single to ignite a five-run rally that staked his team to a 9–7 advantage. The Pirates went on to win 10–9 on Mazeroski's walk-off home run in the ninth inning.

Trade to the Cardinals
In 1961, Groat batted .275, and teamed with Mazeroski to lead the league in double plays. One season later, he improved to a .294 batting average and finished third in the league in doubles (34). He also led the NL in putouts, assists, and double plays.

While the 1962 Pirates bounced back with a 93-win season, Brown had grown concerned about a pitching staff that relied heavily on veterans whose best days were behind them. The 32-year-old Groat had an inkling that he would be traded while he still had value, and his fears were realized in November, when he was dealt to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for pitcher Don Cardwell, a 15-game winner the previous season. Groat was deeply hurt by the trade, having hoped to become a Pirates' coach and possibly manager after his retirement as a player. He subsequently severed ties with the organization until a 1990 reunion of the 1960 World Series team.

Fully intent to prove that Brown had made an egregious mistake, Groat responded with a vengeance in the 1963 campaign. In his best season in the big leagues, he set career marks in RBI (73), hits (201), doubles (43), triples (11), on-base percentage (.377), and slugging percentage (.450) to finish second to Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Sandy Koufax in the NL Most Valuable Player vote. His .319 batting average ranked fourth in the league, seven points behind the leader Tommy Davis (Dodgers).

While Groat produced a career-high 73 RBI in his Cardinals debut, manager Johnny Keane became convinced that he could be even more valuable as a run-producer. The veteran batted either third, fifth or sixth in the order on a regular basis in the 1964 season, when he drove in 70 runs. He hit .292, played consistent defense, and continued to mentor younger teammates in a leadership role, as the Cardinals captured their first NL pennant in 18 years. He earned the final All-Star selection of his career and led the league in assists and double plays once again.

1964 World Series
In the fourth game of the World Series, Groat was involved in one of the turning points in the series. The Cardinals trailed 3–0 in the sixth inning and were on the verge of a 3–1 deficit in the series. With two runners on base, he hit a ground ball to second baseman Bobby Richardson, who fumbled a relay toss near the bag to load the bases. Ken Boyer followed with a grand slam home run that held up for a 4–3 victory. Three innings earlier, Groat tagged out Mickey Mantle on a pickoff play that thwarted a two-on, two-out threat.

Groat reached base on a fielder's choice groundout and scored on Tim McCarver's three-run homer in the 10th inning of Game 5, which saw the Cardinals score a 5–2 victory. He had an RBI groundout in the 7–5 win in the Game 7 clincher.

Final years
Statistically, the 1965 season was the worst for Groat as a regular in his career. Afterward, as part of a six-player transaction, he was traded with catcher Bob Uecker and first baseman Bill White to the Philadelphia Phillies, whose manager Gene Mauch had been impressed by his skills and leadership for years. Groat hit .265 in his only full season with the team, after which his contract was sold to the San Francisco Giants in June of the following year. He spent the final months of the 1967 season mostly as a late-inning defensive replacement and pinch-hitter before he announced his retirement.

In his career, Groat totaled 829 runs scored, 707 runs batted in, 352 doubles, 67 triples and 39 home runs in 1,929 games. He helped turn 1,237 double plays at shortstop, the 14th most at the position in MLB history.

NBA career
Less than two months after Groat played his final game of the 1952 baseball season, he made his NBA debut on November 9 with the Fort Wayne Pistons. Even though the guard could not practice with the team because of his student responsibilities – he commuted from Duke to play in three exhibition games – the transition was a relatively seamless one. He scored 11 points in a 74–71 victory over the rival Indianapolis Olympians, the first for the Pistons after an 0–3 start.

Groat quickly became a fan favorite in Fort Wayne, whose partisans took a liking to his pull-up jump shot, leaping ability, and boundless energy. In only his second game, the rookie scored a career-high 25 points in a 112–83 rout of the New York Knicks, who had advanced to the NBA Finals the previous season.

Groat saw his first season come to a halt in February, when he enlisted in the U.S. Army rather than delay the inevitable. He left the vastly improved Pistons in much better position than when he arrived – they had a 24–24 record at the time of his departure en route to a postseason berth. When Groat was discharged in 1954, Branch Rickey was adamant that his prized shortstop would play only baseball because of the potential health risks that a dual career could pose for him. "Mr. Rickey said, 'You have played your last game in the NBA,'" Groat recalled the conversation. "I would never have given up basketball, but I would have lost the rest of the my bonus. He played hardball."

In what would be his only season of pro basketball, Groat ranked second on the Pistons in points (11.9) and third assists (2.7) per game.

Recognition and achievements
Groat achieved numerous accomplishments during his career. He was selected as an NL All-Star eight times between 1959 and 1964, playing in two games in 1959, 1960, and 1962. He was also the NL singles leader twice, in 1954 and 1960. In 1963, Groat was the runner-up for the NL Most Valuable Player award. He was one of only two regular players to have beaten the New York Yankees in Game 7 of the World Series more than once in their careers, the other being Don Hoak, who accomplished this feat with the 1955 Brooklyn Dodgers and 1960 Pirates.

Groat was one of only 13 athletes to have played in both the National Basketball Association and Major League Baseball. He appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated three times in his career, in 1960, 1963, and 1966.

Pirates Hall of Fame
In August 2022, the Pirates organization did not include Groat in its inaugural Hall of Fame class. Former teammates Clemente and Mazeroski were among the 19 selections chosen by a panel whose names were not disclosed. However, Groat was subsequently elected to the Pirates Hall of Fame the following year. He was informed of his selection on April 18, 2023, nine days before his death.

Post-playing career and interests
From the 1979–80 through the 2018–19 seasons, Groat spent 40 seasons as the radio color analyst for Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball games. In that period, he and play-by-play partner Bill Hillgrove were the longest tenured broadcast team in the college game. His road schedule was limited to games at Duke in his final two seasons, after which his contract was not renewed.

Golf endeavors
Groat became more active in golf after his baseball career. While he stopped playing the sport in 2014 because of physical limitations, he routinely shot in the 70s in his prime. In 1964, he and Pirates teammate Jerry Lynch designed and built Champion Lakes Golf Course in Ligonier, Pennsylvania, one of only three public courses to receive a four-star rating in Western Pennsylvania. As course owner and manager, he lived on the grounds and was a familiar face there.

Personal life
In November 1955, Groat married Barbara Womble, a former model who worked in New York City. They had three daughters together: Tracey, Carol Ann, and Allison. Dick and Barbara were married for 35 years, until her death from lung cancer in 1990.

Groat was the great-uncle of golfer Brooks Koepka, who won the 2017 and 2018 U.S. Open, and the 2018, 2019 and 2023 PGA Championship.

Groat was a resident of the Pittsburgh suburb of Edgewood. On April 27, 2023, he died at UPMC Presbyterian in Pittsburgh at the age of 92, from complications of a stroke he had a week prior.

Career statistics

MLB

NBA

See also
List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
List of Major League Baseball batting champions
List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders
List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders

References

External links

1930 births
2023 deaths
All-American college baseball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Basketball players from Pennsylvania
National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
College basketball announcers in the United States
Duke Blue Devils baseball players
Duke Blue Devils men's basketball players
Point guards
Fort Wayne Pistons draft picks
Fort Wayne Pistons players
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Major League Baseball shortstops
National League All-Stars
National League batting champions
National League Most Valuable Player Award winners
Philadelphia Phillies players
Pittsburgh Panthers basketball
Pittsburgh Pirates players
St. Louis Cardinals players
San Francisco Giants players
People from Swissvale, Pennsylvania
People from Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania

Dick Groat


Charlotte MacLeod (November 12, 1922 – January 14, 2005) was a Canadian-American mystery fiction writer.

Life and work
Charlotte Matilda MacLeod was born in 1922 in Bath, New Brunswick, Canada, but emigrated to the United States in 1923 and became a naturalized US citizen in 1951. She attended the Art Institute of Boston. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, she worked as a copywriter for Stop & Shop Supermarkets in Boston. She eventually moved on to join the staff of N. H. Miller & Company, an advertising agency, where she rose to the level of vice president; she retired in 1982.

While continuing to work at the advertising company during the day, MacLeod began writing mystery fiction, eventually publishing over 30 novels. Many of her books are set in New England, including a series featuring  university professor Peter Shandy, and another about Beacon Hill couple Sarah Kelling and Max Bittersohn. Other mysteries, set in Canada, were published under the pen name Alisa Craig.

MacLeod tailored her books to fit into the cozy mystery genre, i.e. avoiding too much violence, gore, or sex while featuring a humorous and literate-yet-light style, likable protagonists, and eccentric casts of secondary characters.

Her work sold over one million copies in the United States as well as Canada and Japan. MacLeod was co-founder of the American Crime Writers League and served as president. She received a Nero Award for The Corpse in Oozak's Pond in 1987, which was also nominated for an Edgar Award.

MacLeod began writing at 6 a.m. each day, continued through the morning, then used the afternoon for rewrites. She only started new books on Sundays. Although described as a "true lady" and often seen with hat and white gloves, while writing she would stay dressed in a bathrobe to avoid the temptation of leaving the house for an errand.

MacLeod spent her final years in Maine. Toward the end of her years she suffered from Alzheimer's disease. She died on January 14, 2005, in a Lewiston, Maine nursing home.

Bibliography

As Charlotte MacLeod
Mysteries starring Prof. Peter Shandy of (fictional) Balaclava Agricultural College & Helen Marsh Shandy, D.L.S.
Rest You Merry (1979) [Revised and expanded from a short story, which became the opening chapter]
The Luck Runs Out (1981)
Wrack and Rune (1982)
Something the Cat Dragged In (1984)
The Curse of the Giant Hogweed (1985)
The Corpse in Oozak's Pond (1987)
Vane Pursuit (1989)
An Owl Too Many (1991)
Something in the Water (1994)
Exit the Milkman (1996)

Mysteries starring Sarah Kelling (Bittersohn) and/or art investigator Max Bittersohn, set among Boston's upper crust
The Family Vault (1980)
The Withdrawing Room (1981)
The Palace Guard (1982)
The Bilbao Looking Glass (1983)
The Convivial Codfish (1984)
The Plain Old Man (1985)
The Recycled Citizen (1988)
The Silver Ghost (1988)
The Gladstone Bag (1989)
The Resurrection Man (1992)
The Odd Job (1995)
The Balloon Man (1998)

Stand-alone books
Mystery of the White Knight (1964)
Next Door to Danger (1965)
The Fat Lady's Ghost (1968)
Mouse's Vineyard (1968)
Ask Me No Questions (1971)
Brass Pounder (1971)
King Devil (1978)
We Dare Not Go A Hunting (1980)
Cirak's Daughter (1982)
Maid of Honor (1984)
Grab Bag  (1987) (short stories; including two featuring Bittersohn & Kelling, and one with Peter Shandy)
It Was an Awful Shame and Other Stories (2002)  (short stories; a reprint of Grab Bag including three additional stories, one featuring Bittersohn & Kelling)

Correspondence
Charlotte MacLeod Remembered: Letters from Charlotte (collection)

As editor (anthologies)
Christmas Stalkings
Mistletoe Mysteries

Non-fiction
Astrology for Skeptics (1973)
Had She But Known: A Biography of Mary Roberts Rinehart (1994)

As Alisa Craig
Mysteries starring Madoc Rhys of the RCMP & Janet Wadman Rhys
A Pint of Murder (1980)
Murder Goes Mumming (1981)
A Dismal Thing to Do (1986)
Trouble in the Brasses (1989)
The Wrong Rite (1992)

Mysteries starring Dittany Henbit Monk, of the Lobelia Falls Grub-and-Stakers Gardening & Roving Club
The Grub-and-Stakers Move a Mountain (1981)
The Grub-and-Stakers Quilt a Bee (1985)
The Grub-and-Stakers Pinch a Poke (1988)
The Grub-and-Stakers Spin a Yarn  (1990)
The Grub-and-Stakers House a Haunt (1993)

Stand-alone books
The Terrible Tide (1985)
Poems of Faith (1989)

Awards and nominations
Nero Award (1 win)
Edgar Allan Poe Award (2 nominations)
American Mystery Awards (5 wins)
Bouchercon XXIII Lifetime Achievement Award
 1986 Anthony award nomination for Best Novel, The Plain Old Man
 1992 Anthony award nomination for Best Short Story Collection, Christmas Stalkings: Tales of Yuletide Murder
Malice Domestic Lifetime Achievement Award

References

1922 births
2005 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
American mystery writers
American women novelists
Canadian mystery writers
Canadian women novelists
Cozy mystery writers
Nero Award winners
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in Maine
Novelists from Maine
Writers from New Brunswick
Agatha Award winners
People from Carleton County, New Brunswick
Women mystery writers
Novelists from Boston
20th-century Canadian women writers
Lesley University alumni
Anthony Award winners
20th-century American women writers
Canadian emigrants to the United States
21st-century American women

Charlotte MacLeod


Fold mountains are formed by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust. Before the development of the theory of plate tectonics and before the internal architecture of thrust belts became well understood, the term was used to describe most mountain belts but has otherwise fallen out of use.

Formation
Fold mountains form in areas of thrust tectonics, such as where two tectonic plates move towards each other at convergent plate boundary. When plates and the continents riding on them collide or undergo subduction (that is – ride one over another), the accumulated layers of rock may crumple and fold like a tablecloth that is pushed across a table, particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt. Since the less dense continental crust "floats" on the denser mantle rocks beneath, the weight of any crustal material forced upward to form hills, plateaus or mountains must be balanced by the buoyancy force of a much greater volume forced downward into the mantle. Thus the continental crust is normally much thicker under mountains, compared to lower-lying areas. Rock can fold either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The upfolds are anticlines and the downfolds are synclines. Severely folded and faulted rocks are called nappes. In asymmetric folding there may also be recumbent and overturned folds. The mountains such formed are usually greater in length instead of breadth.

Examples
 The Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges that formed by folding over a Triassic evaporite decollement due to thrust movements in the foreland of the Alps
The 'Simply Folded Belt' of the Zagros Mountains – A series of elongated anticlinal domes, mostly formed as detachment folds over underlying thrusts in the foreland of the Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement that formed in evaporite of the late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation
The Akwapim-Togo ranges in Ghana
The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in the eastern part of United States.
The Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma.

See also

References

Mountain geomorphology
Structural geology
Orogeny

Fold mountains


A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is a style guide for writing and formatting research papers, theses, and dissertations and is published by the University of Chicago Press.

The work is often referred to as "Turabian" (after the work's original author, Kate L. Turabian) or by the shortened title, A Manual for Writers. The style and formatting of academic works, described within the manual, is commonly referred to as "Turabian style" or "Chicago style" (being based on that of The Chicago Manual of Style).

The ninth edition of the manual, published in 2018, corresponds with the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style.

Structure and content of the manual
Except for a few minor differences, the style and formatting described in the ninth edition of the manual is the same as the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style. While The Chicago Manual of Style focuses on providing guidelines for publishing, Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is intended for the creation and submission of academic works; where the two works differ "in small ways," Turabian's manual is designed to "better suit the requirements of academic papers as opposed to published works." As such, the manual describes itself as the "authoritative student resource on 'Chicago style'."

Part 1: Research and Writing
Part 1 of the manual approaches the process of research and writing. This includes providing "practical advice" to formulate "the right questions, read critically, and build arguments" as well as helping authors draft and revise a paper. Initially added with the seventh edition of the manual, this part is adapted from The Craft of Research.

Part 2: Source Citation
Part 2 of the manual explores the two methods of citing/documenting sources used in authoring a work: (1) the notes-bibliography style; and (2) the author-date style.

The notes-bibliography style (also known as the "notes and bibliography style" or "notes style") is "popular in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts." This style has sources cited in "numbered footnotes or endnotes" with "each note correspond[ing] to a raised (superscript) number in the text." This style also uses a separate bibliography at the end of the document, listing each of the sources.

The more-concise author-date style (sometimes referred to as the "reference list style") is more common in the physical, natural, and social sciences. This style involves sources being "briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author's last name and year of publication" with the parenthetical citations corresponding to "an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided."

The manual provides extensive examples of how to cite different types of works (e.g. books, journal articles, websites, etc.) using both citation styles.

Part 3: Style
Part 3 of the manual "addresses matters of spelling, punctuation, abbreviation, and treatment of numbers, names, special terms, and titles of works." This part also provides guidance on including quotations from different sources as well as the formatting of tables and figures.

Appendix: Paper Format and Submission
The appendix provides specific requirements on the formatting of research papers as well as theses and dissertations. General formatting requirements include recommendations on paper and margin sizes, options as to the choice of typeface, the spacing and indentation of text, pagination, and the use of titles. Formatting requirements for specific elements include the ordering and formatting of content in the front matter, main matter (text), and back matter of a work. The appendix also includes a description on preparing and submitting files, both electronically and as hard copies.

On the formatting and style, however, the manual notes that it "may be supplemented—or even overruled—by the conventions of specific disciplines or the preferences of particular institutions, departments or instructors." More so, the manual consistently reminds students to "review the requirements of their university, department, or instructor, which take precedence over the guidelines presented [in the manual]."

Editions

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

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External links
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition (University of Chicago Press Books)
Turabian Home Page (The Chicago Manual of Style Online)
Turabian Formatting for LaTeX
The Chicago Manual of Style Online
Purdue Online Writing Lab: Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition
ZoteroBib
BibMe Chicago/Turabian Citation Guide

Style guides for American English
Academic style guides
Chicago guides to writing, editing, and publishing


Jeffery W. Kelly (born August 23, 1960 in Medina, New York) is an American businessman and chemist who is on the faculty of the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California.

Biography
Kelly received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1986) and performed post-doctoral research at The Rockefeller University (1986–89).

He is former Dean of Graduate Studies (2000–2008) and Vice President of Academic Affairs (2000–2006) and co-Chairman of Molecular Medicine and the Lita Annenberg Hazen Professor of Chemistry within the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California.  His research focuses on understanding protein folding, misfolding and aggregation and on developing both chemical and biological strategies to ameliorate diseases caused by protein misfolding and/or aggregation.

Kelly has cofounded three biotechnology companies, FoldRx Pharmaceuticals with Susan Lindquist in 2003, Proteostasis Therapeutics, Inc. with Andrew Dillin and Richard Morimoto in 2010, and Misfolding Diagnostics in 2012.

His lab began looking for ways to inhibit transthyretin fibril formation in the 1990s.  Tafamidis was eventually discovered by Kelly's team using a structure-based drug design strategy; the structure was first published in 2003.  In 2003 Kelly co-founded FoldRx with Susan Lindquist of MIT and the Whitehead Institute and FoldRx developed tafamidis up through submitting an application for marketing approval in Europe in early 2010. FoldRx was acquired by Pfizer later that year.

Honors and Awards
1991 - Searle Scholar Award

1999 - Biophysical Society National Lecturer (Award)

1999 - Protein Society-Dupont Young Investigator Award

2000 - SUNY at Fredonia Alumni Distinguished Achievement Award

2001 - American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award

2006 - National Institutes of Health Merit Award

2008 - American Peptide Society Vincent du Vigneaud Award

2011 - American Peptide Society Rao Makineni Lectureship (Award)

2011 - Protein Society Emil T. Kaiser Award

2012 - American Chemical Society, Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry

2012 - the Biopolymers Murray Goodman Memorial Prize

2016 - Royal Society of Chemistry Jeremy Knowles Award

2016 - Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine

2016 - Commencement address at SUNY Fredonia.

2016 - Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

2017 - Chemical Pioneer Award of the American Institute of Chemists

2017 - Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry

2017 - Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors

2022 - Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences

2023 - Wolf Prize in Chemistry

Significant Papers

1992	  Colon, W.; Kelly, J.W. "Partial Denaturation of Transthyretin is Sufficient for Amyloid Fibril Formation In Vitro." Biochemistry, 31 8654-8660.

2001  Jager, M.; Nguyen, H.; Crane, J.C.; Kelly, J.W.; Gruebele, M. "The Folding Mechanism of a β-Sheet: The WW Domain" J. Mol. Biol., 311, 373-393.

2001 Hammarstrom, P.; Schneider, F.; Kelly, J.W. "Trans-Suppression of Misfolding In An Amyloid Disease" Science 293, 2459-2461.

2002	 Sawkar, A.R.; Cheng, W-C.; Beutler, E.: Wong, C.–H.: Balch, W.E.: Kelly, J.W. "Chemical Chaperones Increase the Cellular Activity of N370S β-glucosidase: A Therapeutic Strategy for Gaucher Disease "  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99, 15428-15433.

2003	 Hammarstrom, P.; Wiseman, R. L.; Powers, E.T.; Kelly, J.W. "Prevention of Transthyretin Amyloid Disease by Changing Protein Misfolding Energetics" Science 299, 713-716.

2004 Deechongkit, S.; Nguyen, H.; Dawson, P.E.; Gruebele, M.; Kelly, J.W. "Context Dependent Contributions of Backbone H-Bonding to β-Sheet Folding Energetics" Nature  430, 101-105.

2005	 Sekijima, Y., Wiseman, R.L., Matteson, J., Hammarström, P., Miller,S.R., Balch, W.E., Kelly, J.W. "Biological and Chemical Basis for Tissue Selective Amyloid Disease"Cell 121, 73-85.

2006	 Fowler, D.M.; Koulov, A.V.; Alory-Jost, C.; Marks, M.S.; Balch, W.E; Kelly, J.W. "Functional Amyloid Formation Within Mammalian Tissue " PLoS Biology 4, 100-107.

2008	 Mu, T-W.; Ong, D.S.T.; Wang, Y-J; Balch, W. E.; Yates, J.R.; Segatori, L.; Kelly, J.W. ."Chemical and Biological Approaches Synergize to Ameliorate Protein-Folding Diseases" Cell 134, 769-781.

2008	 Balch, W.E.; Morimoto, R.I.; Dillin, A.; Kelly, J.W. "Adapting Proteostasis For Disease Intervention" Science 319, 916-919.

2010    Wiley; died in a car crash

2011	 Culyba, E.K.; Price, J.L.; Hanson, S.R.; Dhar, A,; Wong, C-H.; Gruebele, M.; Powers, E.T.; Kelly, J.W. "Protein Native State Stabilization by Placing Aromatic Side Chains in N-Glycosylated Reverse Turns" Science 331, 571-575.

2012 Bulawa, C.E.; Connelly, S.; DeVit, M.; Wang, L. Weigel, C.;Fleming, J. Packman, J.; Powers, E.T.; Wiseman, R.L.; Foss, T.R.; Wilson, I.A.; Kelly, J.W.; Labaudiniere, R. "Tafamidis, A Potent and Selective Transthyretin Kinetic Stabilizer That Inhibits the Amyloid Cascade" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 9629-9634.

2013 Chen, W; Enck, S.; Price, J.L.; Powers, D.L.; Powers, E.T.; Wong, C-H.; Dyson, H.J.; Kelly, J.W. "The Structural and Energetic Basis of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 9877-9884.

References

1960 births
Living people
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American chemists
American chemical industry businesspeople
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Organic chemists
People from Medina, New York
Scripps Research faculty
Scientists from New York (state)
Wolf Prize in Chemistry laureates

Jeffery W. Kelly


Coelophysis was a small fast running carnivorous dinosaur. It is one of the earliest known genera of dinosaur. Coelophysis was found in Upper Triassic strata dated to about 200 million years ago (mya). It lived in what is now the southwestern United States. Similar dinosaurs are found all over the world at that time.

Coelophysis walked on two legs (as did all theropods). It was no more than about three feet (1 meter) tall at the hips but because of a long tail could be almost 10 feet (3 meters) long. There is some evidence that these animals hunted in packs, from the large numbers found together at the Ghost Ranch fossil site in New Mexico.

Lifestyle

Sexual dimorphism
Two different sizes of this species have been found in the fossil record. At first paleontologists thought that they were two different species, but most now think that this is because Coelophysis males were larger than the females. This trait, known as sexual dimorphism, is often seen today in many animal species.

Vision
Coelophysis had a long narrow head (approximately ), with large, forward-facing eyes that afforded it stereoscopic vision and as a result excellent depth perception. The eyes were supported by bony rings ("sclerotic" rings). The complete sclerotic ring of a juvenile Coelophysis bauri was compared to those of reptiles and birds. Evidently Coelophysis was a daytime predator which hunted by sight. The study found that its vision was superior to that of most lizards, and ranked with that of modern birds of prey.

Conditions of find
For a while, it was thought that Coelophysis were cannibalistic, because what looked like Coelophysis babies were seen in the stomach of an adult Coelophysis. However, these specimens were misinterpreted. Several specimens of "juvenile coelophysids" were actually small crurotarsan reptiles such as Hesperosuchus. In some cases bigger individuals were crushed on top of smaller ones. There is no longer any evidence to support cannibalistic behavior in Coelophysis.

History of its discovery
Edward Drinker Cope first named Coelophysis in 1889. This was during the "Bone Wars" with Othniel Charles Marsh. An amateur fossil collector, David Baldwin, found the first remains of the dinosaur in 1881. The type species, C. bauri was named after him. These first finds were too poorly preserved to give a complete picture of the new dinosaur.

In 1947, a substantial 'graveyard' of Coelophysis fossils was found in New Mexico, at Ghost Ranch, close to the original find. So many fossils together were probably the result of a flash flood, which swept away a large number of Coelophysis and buried them quickly and simultaneously. It seems such flooding was commonplace at the time. The Petrified Forest of nearby Arizona was caused by a log jam of tree trunks caught in a flood.

The Ghost Ranch specimens were numerous, with many well-preserved specimens. Since the Ghost Ranch specimens were discovered, more skeletons have been found in Arizona, New Mexico and an as-yet unconfirmed specimen from Utah, including both adults and juveniles. The deposits where Coelophysis was discovered date from the late Triassic, but similar specimens have been found in the Lower Jurassic elsewhere in the world.

Coelophysis is the state fossil of New Mexico. Examples have also been found in Southern Africa.

References

Coelophysidae
Triassic dinosaurs

Coelophysis


The Hibernia Hall, also known as the Hibernian Hall, is a Romanesque Revival building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is located on the east side of Brady Street, near the middle of the block. The Hibernian Hall was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.In 2020 it was included as contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District.

History

Irish immigration into the city of Davenport started with the Irish Famines from 1845 to 1849 and religious persecution in Ireland, which was all under British rule at the time. The Irish numbered 1,961 people in Davenport in 1858. They generally, but not exclusively, resided on the east side of town in and around the area known as Cork Hill. For the most part, the Irish immigrants who came to Davenport were laborers who worked in such industries as river men, railroads, telegraph building, and in the areas flour and saw mills.

Like the Germans, Davenport's other large ethnic group, the Irish formed fraternal organizations. The Fenian Society was the first such group to form in 1864. Largely, the group provided their homeland with military, moral, and economic support. Eventually, interest declined and it was replaced in 1881 with the Irish National Land League of America. That organization was replaced three years later with the Ancient Order of Hibernians. In 1885 the Iowa Hibernians held their convention in Davenport.

The Hibernians purchased the property on Brady Street in the late 1880s or early 1890s. An 1886 Sanborn Fire Insurance map shows a Christian Chapel on the site that would become the Hibernia Hall. It was a two-story building with a deep setback from Brady Street. By the 1892 Sanborn map, the same structure was known as Hibernian Hall. The building dates from about 1855. The Hibernians remained active at this location until 1937. The Catholic Messenger, an independent Catholic newspaper that was acquired by the Diocese of Davenport during the Great Depression, operated from here for forty years. The building was converted to retail space on the main level and office space on the upper floors. The structure suffered fire damage in 1951 that resulted in some remodeling.

The building housed Riverbend Antiques from the early 1970s. Its proprietor, Ron Bellomy, owned the building. Bellomy sold the Hibernian Hall in early 2014 to local developers Manoj and Manisha Baheti who plan to turn it and six adjacent buildings into loft apartments.

Architecture

Davenport architect Frederick G. Clausen designed the front section for the Hibernian's in January 1891. It was built by Struck & Jaeger. The original church sanctuary with a two-story gabled house-style structure attached to it is intact at the rear of the building. The Hibernian Hall is a three-story brick building. The foundation in the front is most likely constructed partially of brick and the original building's foundation in the back is likely stone. The building suggests the Richardsonian Romanesque style found in the vertical grouping of windows within round-arched arcades and the general sense of mass and weight. The building also features wide piers with plinth-like capitals.

The Hibernian Hall is a double-wide storefront with a central projecting pavilion. A gabled parapet and decorative pinnacles top the pavilion. The entrance to the upper floors of the building is found in a turned brick arch in the center pavilion. Above the entrance is an ornate grill that contains the building's name, "Hibernian Hall".

The oversized windows of the building's upper stories are now reduced in size by infill. The exterior walls between the windows of the second and third story features decorative brickwork. A corbelled cornice is found across the top of the building.

See also
List of Hibernian buildings

References

External links

Religious buildings and structures completed in 1855
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1891
Romanesque Revival architecture in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Davenport, Iowa
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Hibernian buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Davenport, Iowa
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Iowa
Irish-American culture in Iowa
Catholic Church in Iowa

Hibernia Hall


The 1988 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Bulldogs were led by second-year head coach Charlie Taaffe and played their home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium. They played as members of the Southern Conference, as they have since 1936. In 1988, The Citadel made its first appearance in the I-AA playoffs.

Schedule

References

Citadel Bulldogs
The Citadel Bulldogs football seasons
Citadel football

1988 The Citadel Bulldogs football team


The South Trafford Archaeological Group (STAG) is an archaeological group based in Timperley, Greater Manchester. The group promotes interest in and the study of archaeology and history locally, especially within Trafford but also beyond the borders of the borough. Its activities include post-excavation work and documentary research.

STAG was formed in 1979 and provides facilities for volunteer archaeologists from south Manchester and north-east Cheshire. It has 95 members and is based near the site of Timperley Old Hall – a medieval moated hall – and the clubhouse of the Altrincham Municipal Golf Course. STAG has undertaken excavations as far away as Condate, the Roman name for Northwich, in Cheshire. The group has been involved with sites such as Timperley Old Hall; Carrs Mill in Stalybridge; Moore's hat factory in Denton; the medieval hall in Urmston; and Moss Brow farm in Warburton. The excavations in Warburton led to the site being excavated by Time Team in 2006 with the involvement of STAG.

In 2008, STAG was awarded £44,400 by the Heritage Lottery Fund to renovate the site of Timperley Old Hall. The work will involved building a bridge across the moat, installing information boards, and developing an information scheme for local schools. It also allowed new archaeological investigations at the hall.

See also
Stockport Heritage

References

External links
 South Trafford Archaeology Group website

1979 establishments in England
Organisations based in Trafford
Archaeological organizations
Clubs and societies in Greater Manchester
Organizations established in 1979

South Trafford Archaeological Group


The El-Hazard Role-Playing Game is a role-playing game published by Guardians of Order in 2001.

Description
The El-Hazard Role-Playing Game is based on the first El-Hazard anime OVA series and with rules based on the company's Tri-Stat system. The gameplay is reminiscent of the company's more generalized anime-inspired game Big Eyes Small Mouth, but  features some modified mechanics and additional skills to better fit the El-Hazard universe. For example, it is possible to create "Relic characters" that are similar in nature to Ifurita, and earthling characters have access to the attribute "Unknown Superhuman Power" which allows the Game Master to pick special attributes or powers that the player must discern over the course of gameplay.

A note contained in the book suggested that the game would receive a supplement in 2002 based on characters and events from El-Hazard: The Magnificent World 2, but no such supplement was released.

Publication history
The El-Hazard Role-Playing Game was published by Guardians of Order in 2001.

El-Hazard was the last RPG produced by Guardians of Order based on an anime license.

Reception

References

BESM/dX
Canadian role-playing games
Fantasy role-playing games
Fantasy role-playing games based on anime and manga
Guardians of Order games
Role-playing games introduced in 2001

El-Hazard Role-Playing Game