Cai Mo (281–356), courtesy name Daoming, was a Chinese politician during the Jin dynasty (266–420). When northern China fell into chaos, Cai Mo migrated to the south, where he became a prominent minister during the early Eastern Jin period. He was most notable for his work as the Minister of Ceremonies and for being a vocal opponent of his state's attempts at reclaiming the north from their rival, Later Zhao.

Early career
Cai Mo came from a line of officials in Kaocheng County (考城縣), Chenliu Commandery (陳留郡), in present-day Kaifeng, Henan. After reaching adulthood, Cai Mo received the title "filial and incorrupt". He also worked as an Assistant Officer in his local government and became nominated as Xiucai. The Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, offered Cai Mo a position in his administration, but Cai Mo rejected it.

At the turn of the 4th-century, northern China became increasingly chaotic due to civil wars and rebellions. Cai Mo's father, Cai Ke (蔡克), was killed in 307 when the rebel Ji Sang took and sacked Yecheng. Cai Mo eventually decided to move south of the Yangtze to avoid the turmoil and serve the Prince of Langya and Inspector of Yangzhou, Sima Rui. Under Sima Rui, Cai Mo served as the Army Advisor to Sima Rui's son, Sima Shao and later to Rui himself after Rui became Prime Minister in 315. Cai Mo then worked in a succession of offices and continued to do so after Eastern Jin's establishment in 318. Cai Mo enjoyed a good reputation in the south. He shared the same courtesy name, "Daoming" (道明), as two of his peers, Zhuge Hui and Xun Kai. The people at the time nicknamed them the "Three Mings of the Restoration" (中興三明).

In 328, the rebel Su Jun seized the Eastern Jin capital of Jiankang. He appointed Cai Mo as the Interior Minister of Wu after Su Jun drove the old one, Yu Bing, into hiding. However, Cai Mo later joined Wen Jiao's loyalist coalition against Su Jun and gave Yu Bing his position back. After the rebellion in 329, the Jin court appointed Cai Mo as Palace Attendant and Minister of the Five Categories of Troops. Cai Mo attempted to resign and suggested that Kong Yu and Zhuge Hui receive his rewards, but the court refused. The court later made him Secretary of Personnel and awarded him the title 'Baron of Jinyang' for his contributions against Su Jun. Similarly, Cai Mo requested his resignation, but the court rejected it.

Service as Minister of Ceremonies
Despite his attempts to resign, Cai Mo continued working in the government. Cai Mo was demoted to a commoner when, while supervising the ancestral temple, the person in charge forgot to set up the memorial tablet for Emperor Ming of Jin. However, Cai Mo would return to the government shortly after, becoming Minister of Ceremonies and acting Directorate of the Palace Library. Although, at this time, he was too ill to handle his work in person.

In 338, Emperor Cheng of Jin was in the ancestral temple when he sent envoys to honour the Grand Tutor, Grand Commandant and Minister of Works. While waiting for the envoys, Emperor Cheng made an unprecedented request for music to be performed in the temple. Officials pointed out to Emperor Cheng that music-making can only happen during state banquets and sacrificial ceremonies in the temple. The Ministry of Ceremonies extensively discussed the matter. Cai Mo asserted that the emperor should be allowed to order music performed in the ancestral temple when sending envoys, and the court should obey this decision. Since then, it became a custom for the emperors to order music performed at the temple for any occasion.

In another incident, the Prince of Pengcheng, Sima Hong (司馬紘), informed the court of the portraits of Buddha in Lexian Hall (樂賢堂). Emperor Ming of Jin drew the paintings, and despite the disturbances in Jiankang, Lexian Hall remained intact. Sima Hong believed that the portraits were the reason for the hall's survival, so he asked the court to issue a eulogy for them. Emperor Cheng brought the matter to his ministers to discuss. According to Cai Mo, Buddhism was a teaching of the barbarians and not a part of the traditional system. He also asserted that there was no evidence that Emperor Ming was a Buddhist, and he likely painted the pictures as simply part of his hobby. While Cai Mo acknowledged that the paintings might have been blessed and protected the hall, he pointed out that the rebellion destroyed the rest of Jiankang, so it would be inappropriate for the court to extol them. As a result, the court turned down Sima Hong's suggestion.

Yearly, the empress would usually pay a visit to the imperial tombs. These visits were very costly, so Cai Mo suggested doing away with the practice, to which it was agreed.

Opposing the northern expeditions
In 339, the regent, Yu Liang, proposed to hold an expedition north to reclaim Jin's former territories from Later Zhao. Yu Liang's equal, Chi Jian, was against this, and Cai Mo sided with Chi Jian. Cai Mo presented lengthy reasoning for his stance. He pointed out that Zhao's ruler, Shi Hu, was a superior administrator and general compared to Yu Liang. He also brought up the past failings of Zu Ti's northern expeditions and the difficulties of crossing the rivers dividing Jin and Zhao. Cai Mo convinced the court, so Yu Liang postponed his plans. When Yu Liang attempted his expedition later that year following Prime Minister Wang Dao's death, he was soundly defeated by Zhao, just as Cai Mo expected.

Later in 339, Chi Jian died. Before he died, Chi Jian requested the court to promote Cai Mo and, after his death, allow Cai Mo to inherit his position. The Jin court elevated Cai Mo to Military-Director of The Grand Commandant and Palace Attendant, and after Chi Jian died, Cai Mo inherited the position of General Who Conquers the North and Inspector of Xuzhou.

Shortly after Chi Jian's death, another commander, Chen Guang (陳光), wanted to campaign against Later Zhao, so the court sent him to attack Shouyang. Once again, Cai Mo weighed in to voice his opposition. He said that Shouyang's defences were too strong, that the Zhao army would be quick enough to respond to any intrusion, and that it would be wasteful to use the state's elite soldiers to take an area that would bring little benefit. The court once again sided with Cai Mo, so the court recalled Chen Guang.

Shi Hu built many ships in Qingzhou that he used to raid Jin's borders, killing many people of Jin. The issue troubled the court, which prompted Cai Mo to have the general, Xu Xuan (徐玄) and others guard the Central Plains. Cai Mo also established a reward system which awarded each person for every enemy boat they captured. At the time, Cai Mo commanded 7,000 troops, and he stationed them in Tushan (土山; northeast of present-day Suizhou, Hubei) in the east and Jiangcheng (江乘; in present-day Xianlin University City, Jiangsu) in the west. Altogether, they had eight frontier towns, eleven fortress cities and thirty beacon towers. Before his death, Chi Jian had compiled a list of around 180 subordinates whom he wanted to reward for their services. The rewards stopped because of his death, and many did not receive them. These subordinates had served meritoriously and fought in many battles, so Cai Mo requested the court to complete the list, to which the court agreed.

The stalemate between the north and the south ended in 349, as Zhao was experiencing political unrest between its princes. After Shi Hu died, a civil war between his family members followed. By mid 349, demands for an expedition became prevalent among Jin officials. Cai Mo remained sceptical at the thought, even as he quickly became a minority in the court. When asked, Cai Mo explained that Jin did not have a capable figure to lead the state to overcome Zhao. He also added that expeditions would only deplete Jin's resources and demoralise the people. The court sent their first general, Chu Pou, north in 349 and would continue to do so for the next decade with minimal success.

Downfall and final years
Previously, in 346, Cai Mo became acting Minister of the Masses, and in 348, the Jin court wanted him to take up the post officially. However, Cai Mo sent petitions declining it. He said to his peers, "If I were to become Minister Over The Masses, posterity would despise me, so I dare not accept the post." He continuously declined the office for three years, even after Empress Dowager Chu sent her messengers to order him. In 350, Emperor Mu sent his officials to call him to court again, but this time he feigned illness and refused to meet the emperor. Emperor Mu sent another ten messengers to call him between morning to late in the afternoon, but Cai Mo persisted. The empress dowager was about to dismiss the court when Sima Yu, angered by Cai Mo's attitude, petitioned to have him punished.

Many ministers signed the petition, which sent Cai Mo into a panic. Cai Mo brought his sons and brothers in plain clothing to present themselves to the emperor. He admitted to his faults and turned himself into the Minister of Justice. The general, Yin Hao, whom the court had appointed to command the military expeditions, initially pushed for Cai Mo's execution. However, Yin Hao's friend, Xun Xian, successfully changed his mind, fearing Cai Mo's potential to rebel. In the end, the emperor only reduced Cai Mo to a commoner.

Cai Mo spent the rest of his days at home teaching his children. Years after his removal, the Empress Dowager offered him to return to the government as Household Counsellor with the privilege of a Separate Office with equal ceremonial to the Three Excellencies. Cai Mo expressed gratitude but refused, as he was now genuinely ill. This time, the court tolerated him. Cai Mo died in 356 at the age of 76. He was posthumously appointed Palace Attendant and Minister of Works and posthumously named 'Wenmu'.

References

 Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
 Liu, Yiqing (ed.) ( 5th century). A New Account of the Tales of the World (Shishuo Xinyu / Shiyu).
 Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.

281 births
356 deaths
Jin dynasty (266–420) government officials

Cai Mo


The Central Statistics Office (CSO) is a governmental agency in India under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation responsible for co-ordination of statistical activities in India, and evolving and maintaining statistical standards. It has a Graphical Unit.  The CSO is located in Delhi. Some portion of Industrial Statistics work pertaining to Annual Survey of industries is carried out in Calcutta. It deals with statistical data of different departments.

Activities
The Central Statistics Office is responsible for co-ordination of statistical activities in the country, and evolving and maintaining statistical standards. Its activities include National Income Accounting; conduct of Annual Survey of Industries, Economic Censuses and its follow up surveys, compilation of Index of Industrial Production, as well as Consumer Price Indices for Urban Non-Manual Employees, Human Development Statistics, Gender Statistics, imparting training in Official Statistics, Five Year Plan work relating to Development of Statistics in the States and Union Territories; dissemination of statistical information, work relating to trade, energy, construction, and environment statistics, revision of National Industrial Classification, etc.
It has two publications :
1. the statistical abstract- InIndia (annual)
2. the monthly abstract of Statistics

Organisation
The CSO is headed by the Director-General who is assisted by Five additional Director-Generals and four Deputy Director-Generals, six Joint Directors, seven special task officers, thirty deputy directors, 48 assistant directors and other supporting staff. The CSO is located in Delhi.

Functions
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoS & PI) is responsible for the compilation of National Accounts Statistics (NAS). At the State level, State Directorates of Economy and Statistics (DESs) have the responsibility of compiling their State Domestic Product and other aggregates.
It plays an advisory role in statistical matters
It provides national statistics to UN
It has set up a unit to attend to statistical work relating to the five-year plans in collaboration with the planning commission and has expanded training facilities for statistics personnel.
It is also responsible for the compilation and publication of national income statistics.
The CSO through its Industrial Statistical wing conducts the Annual Survey of Industries and publishes the result.

History
The CSO was set up in the cabinet secretariat on 2 May 1951 as a part of the cabinet Secretariat and having co-ordinating and advisory functions. At that time the name of CSO was Central Statistical Institute. In 1954 the CSI merged with CSO and the new name was Central Statistical Organization. Recently, for a third time its name changed and now it called as Central Statistics Office.

Fate
CSO was finally merged with NSSO to make National Statistical Office (NSO) in 2019 under the department of statistics in Ministry of statistics and program implementation.

See also
List of national and international statistical services

References

External links

India
Statistical organisations in India
Executive branch of the government of India
Industry in India

Central Statistics Office (India)


Clarkson Floyd Crosby (November 3, 1817 – February 22, 1858) was an American politician from New York.

Early life
Crosby was born on November 3, 1817.  He was one of twelve children born to William Bedlow Crosby (1786–1865) and Harriet Ashton (née Clarkson) Crosby (1786–1859).  His parents built one of Manhattan's largest houses, modeled after a Regency house in London, that occupied two blocks on Monroe Street (now known as Rutgers Place).

His paternal grandparents were Dr. Ebenezer Crosby and Catharine (née Bedlow) Crosby, who both died when his father was young; thereafter his father and his brother John Player Crosby were adopted by their bachelor uncle, Col. Rutgers, whose estate was worth a million dollars in 1830.  His maternal grandparents were Rev. William Clarkson of South Carolina, and Catherine (née Floyd) Clarkson, herself a daughter of Gen. William Floyd, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

He was a graduate of Union College, located in Schenectady, New York, "but possessing an ample fortune never followed any profession."

Career
Crosby, a man of "vigorous intellect, earnest impusles, and cordial and impressive manners," was a member of the New York State Assembly (Albany Co.) in 1845. He was a presidential elector in 1848, voting for Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (11th D.) in 1854 and 1855. While in the Senate, he served on the Select Committee.

Personal life
On September 8, 1838, he married Angelica Schuyler (1820–1896), daughter of John Schuyler and Maria (née Miller) Schuyler. They lived in Watervliet, New York, and had three children, including:

 John Schuyler Crosby (1839–1914), who married Harriet Van Rensselaer, youngest daughter of Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer IV, and became the Governor of Montana Territory.
 Harriet Clarkson Crosby (1843–1895), who married William Augustus Thompson (1834–1903) in 1863.
 Eliza Maria Crosby (1857–1884), who married William M. Alexander (1845–1872) and Thaddeus Alexander Snively (1851–1913)

After an illness of several months, Crosby died on February 22, 1858, in New York City.  He was buried at the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

Descendants
Through his daughter Harriette, he was the grandfather of Clarkson Crosby Thompson, who married Elizabeth Winters; William Leland Thompson, who married Martha Groome; and Angelica Schuyler Thompson, who married Elbert Scranton.

Through his eldest son John, he was the grandfather of Stephen Van Rensselaer Crosby (1868–1959), who married Henrietta Marion Grew (sister-in-law of J. P. Morgan Jr.); and Angelica Schuyler Crosby (1872–1907), who married the diplomat John B. Henderson Jr., son of U.S. Senator John B. Henderson and Mary Foote Henderson.

References

External links

1817 births
1858 deaths
Union College (New York) alumni
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) state senators
People from Watervliet, New York
New York (state) Whigs
19th-century American politicians
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
1848 United States presidential electors

Clarkson F. Crosby


The Town Hall of Meran () in South Tyrol is the seat of the municipal government and assembly. It is located at the corner of the Laubengasse and the Galilei-Straße.

History
The town hall used to be located at the corner of the Laubengasse and the Postgasse and dated from the times when Meran was part of Austria-Hungary. After the annexation following World War I to Italy, the fascist authorities decided to construct a new town hall. The Postgasse was renamed into Via Galilei as part of their Italianization campaign. The old town hall was ripped down and a new structure erected in the fascist style of the time between 1929-1932.

The architect was Ettore Sottsass sen., the exterior reliefs and the paintings are the work of the sculptor Albert Stolz (1875-1947). The building also consists of the arches that are the landmark of the Laubengasse. It has a clock tower with an inscription "CIVIVM HONORI REI PUBLICAE LABORI VRBIS DECORI MCMXXIX ANNO VII" (To the citizens in honour - To the state in function - To the city as decoration - Fascist Year 7 (1929)).

Inside the main entrance archway are two stone plaques. One shows the coats of arms of Meran and its districts. The other plaque was installed by the government of Benito Mussolini, giving their version of World War I with a quote by general Armando Diaz, which caused general offence to the native German-speaking population, who fought for Austria during the war. After World War II and the end of the Fascist regime, the plaque and its inscription was left intact, but a new plaque was added underneath it by the civic authorities which gives a proper account and points out to the origins of the old plaque within the historic context. The plaque serves today as a memorial, as a warning to future generations.

External links

 Homepage of the municipality of Meran

City and town halls in Italy
Italian fascist architecture
Merano

Merano Town Hall


Arlene Carol Dahl (August 11, 1925 – November 29, 2021) was an American actress active in films from the late 1940s. She was one of the last surviving stars from the Classical Hollywood cinema era.

She was also an author and entrepreneur. She founded two companies, Arlene Dahl Enterprises and Dahlia, a fragrance company.

Born in Minnesota to parents of Norwegian descent, Dahl started her acting career in musicals before transitioning to film, where she gained significant roles in MGM productions such as "My Wild Irish Rose" (1947) and "The Bride Goes Wild" (1948). Dahl also starred in adventure films, notably "Caribbean Gold" (1952) and "Desert Legion" (1953).

Despite her acting success, Dahl faced financial challenges, declaring bankruptcy in 1981. She then entered the field of astrology, writing a syndicated column and operating a premium phoneline company. She also wrote numerous books on beauty and astrology.

In her personal life, Dahl had six husbands, including actors Lex Barker and Fernando Lamas, and was the mother to three children the eldest of whom is actor Lorenzo Lamas. She lived between New York City and West Palm Beach, Florida, until her death in 2021.

Biography

Early life
Dahl was born on August 11, 1925, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Idelle () and Rudolph Dahl, a Ford Motor dealer and executive. Her parents were both of Norwegian descent. She cited her year of birth as 1928, although her birth record (1925-43442), available through the Minnesota Historical Society, shows she was born on August 11, 1925. An August 13, 2014, article in the New York Social Diary by David Patrick Columbia, titled "Losses and Gains", references her 89th birthday celebration with her husband, children, and family.

As a child, Dahl took elocution and dancing lessons and was active in theatrical events at Margaret Fuller Elementary School, Ramsey Junior High School, and Washburn Senior High School. After graduating from high school, she held such jobs as performing in a local drama group and briefly working as a model for department stores. Dahl's mother was involved in local amateur theatre. Dahl briefly attended the University of Minnesota.

Early career
A year after graduation from high school, Dahl lived in Chicago, where she worked as a buyer for Marshall and Brown. She then traveled to New York and worked as a model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency, where she successfully auditioned for a part in the musical Mr. Strauss Goes to Boston in 1945. This led to her gaining the lead in another play, Questionable Ladies, which was seen by a talent scout from Hollywood.

Dahl had an uncredited bit part in Life with Father (1947). She was promoted to leading lady in My Wild Irish Rose (1947) with Dennis Morgan, a big hit that led to an offer from MGM for a long-term contract.

MGM
Dahl began working for MGM to play a supporting role in her first film, The Bride Goes Wild (1948), starring Van Johnson and June Allyson. She remained there to play the female lead in the Red Skelton comedy A Southern Yankee (1948).

Eagle-Lion hired her to star as the female lead in Reign of Terror (1949). Then at MGM, she acted opposite Van Johnson in Scene of the Crime (1949); Robert Taylor in Ambush (1950); Joel McCrea in The Outriders (1950); Fred Astaire and Skelton in Three Little Words (1950), playing Eileen Percy; and Skelton again in Watch the Birdie (1950). Except for The Outriders, all these movies were profitable for MGM.

MGM gave Dahl the lead in several B movies, such as Inside Straight (1951) and No Questions Asked (1951), both of which flopped.

Adventure films

Dahl was hired by Pine-Thomas Productions to a multi-picture contract. She was cast in Caribbean Gold (1952), a swashbuckler starring John Payne.

She went to Universal-International to co-star with Alan Ladd in a French Foreign Legion story, Desert Legion (1953); then Pine-Thomas used her again in Jamaica Run (1953) and Sangaree (1953). The latter starred Fernando Lamas, whom Dahl would marry.

She supported Bob Hope in the comedy Here Come the Girls (1953). Dahl and Lamas reunited on The Diamond Queen (1953) at Warner Bros.

In 1953, Dahl played Roxanne on stage in a short-lived revival of Cyrano de Bergerac opposite Jose Ferrer.

Dahl played the ambitious Carol Talbot in Woman's World (1954) at Fox, and she was Rock Hudson's leading lady in Universal's adventure war film Bengal Brigade (1954).

She began writing a syndicated beauty column in 1952, and opened Arlene Dahl Enterprises in 1954, marketing cosmetics and designer lingerie.

Dahl began appearing on television, including episodes of Lux Video Theatre (including a 1954 adaptation of Casablanca, wherein she played Ilsa) and The Ford Television Theatre.

Dahl was both a mystery guest (April 25, 1954) and a panelist on the CBS game show What's My Line?. In 1953, she hosted ABC's anthology series The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse.

John Payne and Dahl were reunited in a film noir, Slightly Scarlet (1956), alongside Rhonda Fleming, another red-haired star.

Dahl made some films in England for Columbia: Wicked as They Come (1956) and Fortune Is a Woman (1957). In 1957, she sued Columbia for $1 million, saying the film's advertisements for Wicked as They Come were "lewd" and "degraded" her. A judge threw out the suit.

Dahl hosted the short-lived television series Opening Night (1958) and had the female lead in the adventure movie Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959), opposite James Mason and Pat Boone. She was injured on set making the latter, but it turned out to be one of her most successful films.

1960s
In 1960, she appeared in the TV series Riverboat in the role of Lucy Belle in the episode "That Taylor Affair". The same year, she married Texas oilman Christian Holmes and announced her retirement from acting. The marriage did not last, but Dahl increasingly diversified her work to become a lecturer and beauty consultant while she continued acting.

She had a supporting role in Kisses for My President (1964) and appeared in Land Raiders (1969), The Pleasure Pit (1969), and the French film Du blé en liasses. She also appeared on TV in Burke's Law and Theatre of Stars.

Her focus by now was on business. After closing her company in 1967, she began serving as vice president at the ad agency Kenyon and Eckhardt that same year. In a 1969 interview, she said her old films were "such an embarrassment".

1970s
Dahl also returned to Broadway in the early 1970s, replacing Lauren Bacall in the role of Margo Channing in Applause.

On television, she had a role on the soap opera One Life to Live and guest-starred on Love, American Style, Jigsaw John, Fantasy Island, and The Love Boat. She also made a TV movie, The Deadly Dream (1971). "I like acting," she said in 1978, "but I had better like business better or I'll lose my shirt."

1980s and 1990s

In 1981, Dahl declared personal bankruptcy, with liabilities of almost $1 million and assets of only $623,970. Her chief creditor was the U.S. Small Business Administration, which guaranteed a $450,000 loan for her as an executive in a cosmetic firm. She had lost $163,000 from burglaries of jewelry and furs from her Manhattan apartment, and she earned only $11,367 in 1980 and $10,517 in 1979.

Dahl appeared on ABC's soap opera One Life to Live from 1981 to 1984 as Lucinda Schenck Wilson. The character was planned as a short-term role (she guest-starred from late 1981 to early 1982 and in late 1982), but Dahl later was offered a one-year contract to appear on the series from September 1983 to October 1984. In 1988 she starred in the film A Place to Hide.

Her last feature film role, which followed a hiatus of more than two decades, was in Night of the Warrior (1991). It co-starred her son Lorenzo Lamas.

She entered the field of astrology in the 1980s, writing a syndicated column and later operating a premium phoneline company. Dahl wrote more than two dozen books on the topics of beauty and astrology.

Dahl guest-starred on episodes of shows starring her son, Renegade and Air America.

Business ventures
In 1951, Dahl began writing for a tri-weekly beauty column for Let's Be Beautiful, a newspaper owned by Chicago Tribune founder Robert McCormick.

In the mid-1950s, Dahl founded Arlene Dahl Enterprises, selling lingerie, nightgowns, pajamas and cosmetics. She invented the Dahl Beauty Cap, a knitted sleeping cap for women.

Dahl began working at Sears Roebuck as director of beauty products in 1970, earning nearly $750,000 annually, but she left in 1975 to found a short-lived fragrance company, Dahlia.

Personal life
Dahl had six husbands:

 Actor Lex Barker. They met in the early 1950s, wed on April 16, 1951, and divorced the following year (Barker later married Lana Turner).
 Actor Fernando Lamas. They married in 1954. In 1958, Dahl and Lamas had their only child, Lorenzo Lamas. Shortly after giving birth to Lorenzo, Dahl slowed and eventually ended her career as an actress, although she still appeared in films and on television occasionally. Dahl and Lamas divorced in 1960.
 Heir to the Fleischmann yeast fortune and oilman Christian R. Holmes.  They married on October 15, 1960, and had one child, Dahl's only daughter, Christina Carole Holmes. She and Holmes were divorced November 29, 1963.
 Russian wine writer and entrepreneur Alexis Lichine.  They were married from 1964 to 1969.
 TV producer-cum-yacht broker Rounsevelle W. "Skip" Schaum. They were married from 1969 to 1976. Her second son, Rounsevelle Andreas Schaum, was born during this marriage.
 Packaging designer Marc Rosen. They were married from 1984 until her death. She divided her time between New York City and West Palm Beach, Florida.

She has nine grandchildren (including AJ Lamas and Shayne Lamas) and two great-grandchildren.

She died in her Manhattan apartment on November 29, 2021, at the age of 96.

Filmography

Television work

Radio appearances

Bibliography

Notes

References

External links

 Arlene Dahl profile at Brian's Drive-In Theatre
 Photographs and literature at Virtual-History.com

1925 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American actresses
American film actresses
American soap opera actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Minneapolis
American businesspeople in retailing
California Republicans
New York (state) Republicans
American relationships and sexuality writers
American people of Norwegian descent
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
University of Minnesota alumni
Writers from Minneapolis
21st-century American women

Arlene Dahl


Antipater I the Idumaean (113 or 114 BCE – 43 BCE) was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. According to Josephus, he was the son of Antipas and had formerly held that name.

A native of Idumaea, a region southeast of Judah in which the Edomites settled during the classical period, Antipater became a powerful official under the later Hasmonean kings and subsequently became a client of the Roman general Pompey the Great when Pompey conquered Judah in the name of Roman Republic.

After Julius Caesar defeated Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus, Antipater sided with Caesar during the Roman Civil War. During Caesar's Egyptian campaign, Antipater joined Mithridates of Pergamon's army marching to rescue Caesar in Alexandria. Caesar made him chief minister of Judea, as Judah became known to the Romans, with the right to collect taxes. Eventually Caesar made Antipater's sons Phasaelus and Herod the governors of Jerusalem and Galilee, respectively. After the assassination of Caesar, Antipater was forced to side with the Liberators against the Caesarians. The pro-Roman politics of Antipater led to his increasing unpopularity among the devout, non-Hellenised Jews. He died by poison.

The diplomacy and artful politics of Antipater, as well as his insinuation into the Hasmonean court, paved the way for the rise of his son Herod the Great, who used this position to marry the Hasmonean princess Mariamne, endear himself to Rome and become king of Judea under Roman influence.

Background
Though historians understand that Antipater's family had converted to Judaism in the second century BCE, different stories circulated in the wake of his sons coming to power. They demonstrate the tensions that existed between the Jewish people and the powerful Edomites who appear at this time. Nicolaus of Damascus, the court historian for Herod, wrote that Herod's ancestors were among the historical elite in Jerusalem who had been taken by King Nebuchadnezzar into Babylonian captivity in the sixth century BCE. This account serves two purposes; when the Persian King Cyrus sent the captives in Babylon back to Judea, it is likely that some chose to settle elsewhere. A legitimate dispersion such as this would shroud the fact that Herod's ancestry is undocumented in the meticulous records of returned Jewish families. Claiming a heritage among the Jews from as early as the Babylonian captivity provides credibility for a pro-Roman and Hellenized Herod as a King over the Jews, for they were highly contemptuous of him. Josephus explains this rendering by critiquing its author: Nicolaus wrote to please Herod and would do so at the cost of truthfulness.

Instead Josephus explains that Antipater's family converted to Judaism during the forced conversions by the Sadducee-influenced Hasmonean leader John Hyrcanus (r. 134–104 BCE). Hyrcanus threatened that any Idumaean who wished to maintain their land would need to be circumcised and enter into the traditions of the Jews. Josephus acknowledges Herod as being "by birth a Jew" and Antipater as being "of the same people" with the Jews. Nevertheless, this influential family came to be resented by many Jews for their Edomite ancestry, a fact used by the Hasmoneans and their supporters against them. As such, in a polemic against Herod to discredit him in the eyes of the Romans as unfit to become king of the Jews, Antigonus the Hasmonean is quoted by Josephus as referring to Herod as "no more than a private man, and an Idumean, i.e. a half Jew".

Early Church Fathers often portrayed Herod polemically, and as such, their accounts of his familial origin reflected poetic license in place of historical accuracy. According to Sextus Julius Africanus, Antipater's father was named Herod, not Antipas, Epiphanius of Salamis furthered this claim by writing Antipas was the name of this Herod's father. Neither of these genealogies are accepted by scholars. Per Africanus, Antipater was a hierodule of Apollo at a temple in Ashkelon where his father served as priest. To explain Antipater's Idumaean character, Africanus claims Antipater was kidnapped by the Idumeans, and following his father's failure to pay ransom, he was taken down to Idumaea proper where he was raised in the teachings of Judaism.

Antipater married Cypros, a Nabataean noblewoman, which helped endear the Nabateans to him. Their marriage helped bring about a close friendship between him and King Aretas, called by Josephus "Aretas the Arabian", to whom Cypros was related. The two men had such a relationship that Antipater entrusted his children to his friend when he went to war with the Hasmonean Aristobulus II. They had four sons: Phasael, Herod, Joseph, and Pheroras, and a daughter, Salome, one of several Salomes among the Herodians. Antipater also had a brother named Phalion, who was killed in battle against Aristobulus at Papyron.

Antipater served as a governor of Idumea under King Alexander Jannaeus and Queen Salome Alexandra, the parents of the feuding heirs. Josephus writes that he was a man of great authority among the Idumeans, both wealthy and born into a dignified family. Indeed, it is clear in the various forms of assistance that Antipater provides to both Hyrcanus II, brother of Aristobulus, and the Romans, that he possessed great resources, and brilliant military and political capabilities.

At the Hasmonean court
Antipater laid the foundation for Herod's ascension to the throne of Judea partly through his activities in the court of the Hasmoneans, the heirs of the Maccabees, who were the hereditary leaders of the Jews, and partly by currying favor with the Romans, who were growing more involved and dominant over the region at this time.

Soon after Hyrcanus succeeded his widowed mother as ruler and took the office of the high priest, he was immediately attacked by his brother and surrendered. Hyrcanus agreed to retire from public life. Antipater, who seems to have succeeded his father as governor of Idumæa, had reason to fear that King Aristobulus would not retain him in this position.

Antipater was known as a seditious and trouble-making man, and he exploited the weak-willed Hyrcanus for the sake of his ambition. After Hyrcanus stepped down, Antipater persuaded him to contend against his brother for his rightful position, and even convinced the unsuspecting and reluctant Hyrcanus that his younger brother intended to kill him. He arranged for Hyrcanus to come under the protection of the Arabian King Aretas III in Petra. Together they attacked Aristobulus in Jerusalem, and there was a great upheaval that drew the attention of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, the Roman magistrate Pompey assigned to the eastern Mediterranean province.

Although Pompey and his lieutenant Scaurus initially ruled in Aristobulus' favor when the brothers brought their case forward, on the third intervention Pompey ordered the brothers to wait. Aristobulus impatiently provoked a political offense that brought Pompey to appoint Hyrcanus the ethnarch of Judea.

Hyrcanus proved ineffective as either an administrator, or more importantly, as tax collector. Antipater was able to insinuate himself into a position of influence, and soon exercised the authority that ostensibly belonged to Hyrcanus as high priest. Antipater recognized Rome's growing dominance in the region and exploited it to his advantage. Due to his loyalty to Rome and reliability as a statesman, he was placed in charge of Judea, with responsibilities and privileges that included mediating civil disturbance and tax collecting.

Roman procurator and appointments of sons
With Hyrcanus established, Antipater thrived and laid the foundation for his family's success by navigating conflicts of loyalty and power-shifting within the Roman elite. When Julius Caesar and Pompey went to war in 49/48 BCE, Antipater at first sided with Pompey, when the latter was defeated by Caesar, Antipater shifted his allegiance to Caesar. While Caesar was besieged in Alexandria in 47 BCE, Antipater and Mithridates of Pergamon rescued him with 13,000 men and the aid of numerous nearby friends. For his "demonstrations of valor" Caesar elevated Antipater to Roman citizenship, freed him from taxes, and showered him with honors and declarations of friendship.

Later when accused by Aristobulus' son, Antigonus, who returned from Roman bondage to contest for power, Antipater made a great scene of his scars from fighting for Caesar's life in Egypt. He defended himself with a history of unfailing loyalty to the Romans. This appeal persuaded Caesar who then appointed Antipater the first Roman Procurator of Judea. This amity allowed the Jews a special degree of protection and freedom to govern themselves and enjoy Rome's good will. Josephus notes that with his newfound rights and honors, Antipater immediately began to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem that Pompey had destroyed when subduing Aristobulus. He established order by tempering civil disturbances in Judea and threatening to become a "severe master instead of a gentle governor" should the people grow seditious and unruly. Matters in Judea were finally calm for a time.

At this time came the defining point in Antipater's legacy, whereby he made his sons, Phasael, governor of Jerusalem, and Herod governor of Galilee, to the north of Samaria between the Sea of Galilee and Mediterranean. Herod quickly set about ridding Galilee of what his court historian calls "robbers," although they may also have been people resisting Roman rule. His activities eventually resulted in complaints raised with the Sanhedrin.

Assassination and legacy
After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Antipater was forced to side with Cassius against Mark Antony. When Cassius came to Syria to collect troops, he began to demand harsh tributes, so much so that some entire cities and city curators were sold into slavery. Cassius demanded seven hundred talents out of Judea, so Antipater split the cost between his two sons. One aristocrat tasked with collecting tribute was Malichus, who disdained Antipater and enraged Cassius by not collecting with haste. However, Antipater saved Malichus from death by expending one hundred talents of his own and placating Cassius' anger.

Although Antipater saved Malichus' life a second time from a different ruler, Malichus continued to despise Antipater and seek his murder. Josephus presents two opposing reasons, one which would help secure Hyrcanus against the rising threat of Herod, and the other being his desire to quickly dispose of Hyrcanus and take power himself. He devised multiple assassination attempts which Antipater evaded, but successfully bribed one of Hyrcanus' cup-bearers to poison and kill Antipater.

Antipater's work as power-broker between the Hasmoneans, the Arabians, and the Romans inaugurated dramatic dynamics and steep changes in the history of the Jewish nation. The diplomacy and artful politics of Antipater produced the Herodian dynasty; he paved the way for the rise of his son Herod the Great, who married the Hasmonean princess Mariamne, endeared himself to Rome, and usurped the Judean throne to become king of Judea under Roman influence.

See also
Herodian dynasty
Herodian kingdom
List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers

Notes

Citations

References
Josephus, Flavius. William Whistom, translator. (2003) The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, Updated Edition(17th printing). The Antiquities of the Jews.The Wars of the Jews. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
Gissin, Mikhail (2014). "The Dusk of Judea and the Dawn of a New Dynasty." Harpswell, ME: Brunswick Press. .
Hayes, John H., and Sara R. Mandell (1998). "The Jewish People in Classical Antiquity." Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. .
Richardson, Peter (1996). "Herod: king of the Jews and friend of the Romans." Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. .
Eisenman, Robert, 1997. James, the Brother of Jesus. Political background of Judea.

External links
Jewish Encyclopedia: Antipater

1st-century BC Herodian rulers
Herodian dynasty
Herod the Great
1st-century BCE Jews
110s births
43 BC deaths
Year of birth uncertain

Antipater the Idumaean


Joseph McMillan Johnson (September 15, 1912 – April 17, 1990) was a leading Hollywood art director born in Los Angeles.

He was graduated from USC with a degree in architecture before attending Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. He was working for well-known architect Kem Weber when he was hired by David O. Selznick in 1938. He worked as a sketch artist for designs on Gone with the Wind in 1939, and was heavily involved with the creation of the special effects for The Wizard of Oz that same year. He worked on most of Selznick's major productions including Duel in the Sun (1946), The Paradine Case (1947) and Portrait of Jennie (1948), for which he won an Oscar for the visual effects.

A frequent collaborator with Alfred Hitchcock, (Rear Window in 1954 was followed by To Catch a Thief in 1955 which earned him another Academy Award nomination), Johnson was forced to take a break from Hollywood during the McCarthy witch hunts. He returned to his first career of architecture for a year, and worked with many notable architects in the LA area, many of whom having been his classmates at USC. When the McCarthy hysteria of Communism settled down, Johnson returned to Hollywood, earning Oscar nominations for his art direction on The Facts of Life in 1960 and the expensive remake of Mutiny on the Bounty in 1962, and for visual effects on George Stevens's religious epic The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) and the John Sturges thriller Ice Station Zebra in 1968.

He retired in 1971 and died of a cerebral haemorrhage in 1990.

References

External links

American film directors
American art directors
1912 births
1990 deaths
American production designers
Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners

Joseph McMillan Johnson


In theology and philosophy, probabilism (from Latin probare, to test, approve) is an ancient Greek doctrine of academic skepticism. It holds that in the absence of certainty, plausibility or truth-likeness is the best criterion. The term can also refer to a 17th-century religious thesis about ethics, or a modern physical–philosophical thesis.

Philosophy

Ancient

In ancient Greek philosophy, probabilism referred to the doctrine which gives assistance in ordinary matters to one who is skeptical in respect of the possibility of real knowledge: it supposes that though knowledge is impossible, a man may rely on strong beliefs in practical affairs. This view was held by the skeptics of the New Academy. Academic skeptics accept probabilism, while Pyrrhonian skeptics do not.

Modern
In modern usage, a probabilist is someone who believes that central epistemological issues are best approached using probabilities.  This thesis is neutral with respect to whether knowledge entails certainty or whether skepticism about knowledge is true.

Probabilist doctrines continue to be debated in the context of artificial general intelligence, as a counterpoint to the use of non-monotonic logic, as the proper form for knowledge representation remains unclear.

Theology

In moral theology, especially Catholic, it refers especially to the view in casuistry that in difficult matters of conscience one may safely follow a doctrine that is probable, for example is approved by a recognized Doctor of the Church, even if the opposite opinion is more probable.

This view was advanced by the Spanish theologian Bartolomé de Medina (1527–1581) and defended by many Jesuits such as Luis Molina (1528–1581). It was heavily criticised by Blaise Pascal in his Provincial Letters and by St. Alphonsus Ligourí in his Theologia Moralis, as leading to moral laxity. Opposed to probabilism is probabiliorism (Latin probabilior, "more likely"), which holds that when there is a preponderance of evidence on one side of a controversy one is obliged to follow that side, and tutiorism (Latin tutior, "safer"), which holds that in case of doubt one must take the morally safer side. A more radical view, "minus probabilissimus", holds that an action is permissible if a single opinion allowing that action is available, even if the overwhelming weight of opinion proscribes it.

The doctrine became particularly popular at the start of the 17th century, as it could be used to support almost any position.  By mid-century, such thinking, termed Laxism, was recognized as scandalous.

See also

 Compensationism
 Determinism
 Equiprobabilism
 Indeterminism
 Ontology
 Probabiliorism
 Probability

References

Sources
  Probabilism (1911)

 J. Franklin, The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), ch. 4

External links
 PhilosophyProfessor.com: Probabilism

Religious ethics
Catholic moral theology
Epistemological theories
Academic skepticism

Probabilism


Runcible Jones: The Gate to Nowhere is the first novel of the Runcible Jones Quintet featuring the magical adventures of Runcible Jones and his fey friend Mariam Orpiment, written by the author Ian Irvine.

Plot summary
Set in an alternate modern-day Earth where magic is known to exist but is forbidden to all, The Gate to Nowhere tells the story of twelve-year-old Runcible Jones, a young boy whose father died during an explosion while writing a book about magic, and whose mother is currently imprisoned for attempting to protect said book. Despite his social problems, Runcible inadvertently manages to befriend a girl named Mariam. However, when an unexpected and desperate accident involving Runcible's powers transport the two to the dangerous world of Ilitor, the duo are forced to cooperate to survive in their harsh new surroundings. But when a chance encounter with a mysterious sorceress ends with both of them being cast away into the wilds of Ilitor, it is only through the help of the shady Sleeth and their strange new friends (and enemies), that they will be able to return home to Earth, and see their families again.

External links

2006 novels
Australian young adult novels
Novels by Ian Irvine
Young adult fantasy novels
2006 children's books

Runcible Jones: The Gate to Nowhere


Sidney Jellicoe (25 August 1906 – 24 November 1973) was a British-Canadian dean emeritus, biblical scholar, Harrold professor of Divinity, theological educator, priest and gentleman.

Biography
He was a scholar of St Chad's College, Durham. After ordination in York Minster in 1934 he served as a parish priest in England for eleven years, then for eight years was Chaplain and Lecturer at Bishop Otter Training College, Chichester. In 1952, he became Dean of Divinity and Harrold Professor at Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Quebec. In 1966, he became Dean of Theology and in 1971 Dean Emeritus, as well as first Chairman of the Division of Graduate Studies. In 1955, Diocesan College, Montreal, conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity (honoris causa) and in 1970 Bishop's University granted him the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law. He was one of the founders of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS) including Robert A. Kraft.

Published works
He also wrote a number of articles for learned journals, such as New Testament Studies and the Catholic Biblical Quarterly. In 1968, his definitive work on 20th century Septuagint studies was published by Oxford Clarendon Press, entitled The Septuagint and Modern Study.

References

1906 births
1973 deaths

Sidney Jellicoe


Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419 (1995), is a United States Supreme Court case that held that a prosecutor has an affirmative duty to disclose evidence favorable to a defendant pursuant to Brady v. Maryland and United States v. Bagley.

Background
An elderly woman was shot in her temple after doing some food shopping at a Schwegmann Brothers in New Orleans, Louisiana. The gunman took her keys and drove away. James Joseph, an informant to the police, claimed to have purchased the car from Curtis Kyles on the day of the murder. Fearing that the car he purchased was fruit of the crime, he called the police to inform them of the circumstances. The informant's name had changed from James Joseph in his first communication to the police to Joseph Banks, and finally to Joseph Wallace (also known as Beanie.) Also his story changed when he met with police in-person. He provided incriminating character evidence about the defendant. The defendant appealed his conviction for first degree murder claiming that the state knew of evidence favorable to him before and during trial that it failed to disclose. The state supreme court remanded the case for an evidentiary hearing on the defendant's claims of newly discovered evidence. The trial court, after review, denied relief.

The state supreme court denied petitioner's application for discretionary review. A petition for habeas corpus was then filed in district court, which denied the petition. The court of appeals affirmed by a divided vote. The Supreme Court granted cert and reversed and ordered a new trial holding that the net effect of the evidence withheld by the State in this case raised a reasonable probability that its disclosure would have produced a different result. A search of his house revealed the following evidence: purse in the trash, dog food, receipt, gun by the stove, holster and bullets. The defense tried to show that Beanie had set him up and planted the evidence for the purpose of earning money and removing an obstacle from a girl of his romantic interest. Further, defense contended that police were incompetent and the eyewitnesses were mistaken and there were alibi witnesses.

Kyles was convicted of murder. Beanie was the main person who originally inculpated Kyles even though later there were many eyewitnesses who identified Kyles as the murderer. The police/state never disclosed to the defense inconsistent statements made by Beanie, statements made by Beanie where he incriminated himself, inconsistent descriptions made by the eyewitnesses, and several other pieces of potentially exculpatory evidence.

Opinion of the Court
The Court held that Kyles should be granted a new trial. The Court noted Brady v. Maryland (1963), which held that the suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.

The Court also discussed United States v. Bagley (1985) and the reasonable probability of a different result standard. "The question is not whether the defendant would more likely than not have received a different verdict with the evidence, but whether in its absence he received a fair trial, understood as a trial resulting in a verdict worthy of confidence." It noted that this test was not a sufficiency of the evidence test. "A defendant need not demonstrate that after discounting the inculpatory evidence in light of the undisclosed evidence, there would not have been enough left to convict." Finally, the Court noted that the evidence must be considered in whole, not piece by piece. Ultimately, the Court found that based on the evidence that was not brought to light, a reasonable juror could have found Kyles not guilty.

See also
 List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 514
 List of United States Supreme Court cases
 Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
 List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court

References

Further reading

External links

Brady material case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
1995 in United States case law
20th century in New Orleans

Kyles v. Whitley


Sheep on Drugs are a British techno/industrial music group, formed by Duncan X ( King Duncan) (vocals) and Lee Fraser (a.k.a. Dead Lee) (guitar/keyboards), and currently composed of Fraser and Johnny Borden (vocals/keyboards).

Biography
Duncan and Fraser met in 1988 and conceived of Sheep On Drugs while ruminating on the potential direction of the burgeoning acid house scene of the late 1980s. Fraser had played various instruments in bands since he was 14 and had experimented with sampling prior to meeting Duncan, but together they were inspired to create electronic music with a more energetic stage presence.

Originally classified as part of the rave movement, the duo emerged in the early 1990s with a string of singles, including "Motorbike", "15 Minutes of Fame" and "Track X" (later covered by Grace Jones as "Sex Drive"). "15 Minutes of Fame" reached the lower reaches of the UK Singles Chart. "From A to H and Back Again" spent 12 weeks on the CMJ RPM Charts, peaking at #4, and hit #40 on the UK Singles Chart.

Their Gareth Jones-produced debut album, Greatest Hits, was released on Island Records in 1993 to some acclaim from the UK music press and a peak position of 55 on the UK Albums Chart. However, with their Grand Guignol style stage shows, and a musical mixture of sleazy rock, hard techno and punk nihilism, SoD found themselves pigeonholed as an industrial band. Their 1994 follow-up album, ...On Drugs was a commercial and critical disappointment.

"For the 'On Drugs' album, it was basically me and Duncan locked in a room, with no guidance about what direction we were to take it in, no producer. Markus Dravs, who did the production for that album, he's a brilliant artist in his own right, but he wasn't the producer we needed. He was just brought into the studio to mix, it wasn't like he was an active part of the team, so they fucked that up. So, no wonder the second album wasn't as commercial as they were expecting, because they didn't give us any guidance" according to Lee.

After being dropped by Island, the band independently released two EPs: Suck in 1994 and Strapped for Cash in 1995. The band was then signed to Martin Atkins' Invisible Records and headed to the United States. With Invisible, they released the two EPs as Double Trouble in 1996, their third studio album, One for the Money and a remix collection, Never Mind the Methadone in 1997, and a live recording, Two for the Show in 1998. By this time, they had tired of their situation in the States and were unsatisfied with Invisible. Frontman Duncan X departed Sheep on Drugs shortly afterwards to become a professional tattooist (though he does perform live with the band on rare occasions). Fraser continued his relationship with Invisible Records, releasing two more albums as "Bagman", and was briefly a member of Atkins' bands Pigface and The Damage Manual, usually under the moniker "Lee 303". Fraser revived the group in 2002, with himself as the frontman, and released a new album, F**K, on Invisible in 2005. A best-of compilation album called Best of a Bad Bunch was released in 2006.

After the release of F**K, Lee Fraser met and began working with Johnny Borden, herself a singer and musician working within similar circles. Johnny was soon brought on board as Lee's partner in Sheep on Drugs' new 21st century incarnation and they began gigging, developing new material which was released on their new album Medication Time (released digitally on 6 December 2010). The album was to be released by a French record label on physical CDs in 2011 to accompany a tour in February.

Club Meds, an album of remixes of tracks from Medication Time, followed in 2012. Borden and Fraser continued to perform live until their self-released album Does Dark Matter on vinyl and download formats in 2019. This album sees an orthogonal shift in Sheep On Drugs' sound with melodic and dub sounds. A cassette EP of remixes, 2 light 2 dark, followed in late 2019. During the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Borden and Fraser managed to release a single, "Moonlight Man".

Discography

Albums
 Greatest Hits (Island, 1993)
 ...On Drugs (Island, 1994)
 Double Trouble (Invisible, 1996) - compilation and re-release of Drug Squad EPs.
 One for the Money (Invisible, 1997)
 Never Mind the Methadone (Invisible, 1997) - remixes
 Two for the Show (Invisible, 1998) - live
 F**K (Invisible, 2005)
 Best of a Bad Bunch (Underground, Inc., 2006) - compilation and remixes
 Medication Time (digital, 2010)
 Club Meds (Real Recordings, 2012)
  Does Dark Matter (Sheep on Drugs, 2019)

EPs
 From A to H and Back Again (Smash/Island, 1994)
 Strapped for Cash (Drug Squad, 1995)
 Suck (Drug Squad, 1995)
 2 Light 2 Dark {Sheep on Drugs, 2019}

Singles
 "Catch 22" / "Drug Music" (Transglobal, 1991)
 "Motorbike" / "Mary Jane" (Transglobal, 1992)
 "Track X" (Transglobal, 1992)
 "TV USA" (Transglobal, 1992)
 "15 Minutes of Fame" (Island, 1993)
 "Let the Good Times Roll" (Island, 1994)
 "Moonlight Man" [Sheep On Drugs 2020]

As Bagman (Lee Fraser solo)
 "Wrap" (Invisible, 1998)
 "Trax" (Underground, Inc., 2004)

Tribute Albums
 "Back in Black" (with Pigface) on Covered in Black: An Industrial Tribute to the Kings of High Voltage AC/DC (Cleopatra, 1997)
 "California über alles" on Dread Kennedys: A Tribute to Dead Kennedys / In Dub We Trust (Invisible, 1999)
 "Wish" on Covered in Nails: A Tribute to Nine Inch Nails (Cleopatra, 2000)
 "Money" on Don't Blow Your Cover: A Tribute to KMFDM (Cleopatra, 2000)

Soundtracks
 "Cathode Ray", "Uberman", and "15 Minutes of Fame" on The Young Americans (Island, 1993)
 "Machine Sex" on Prey (2K Games, 2006)

References

External links
The official Sheep on Drugs site
[ Sheep on Drugs] on Allmusic
Sheep on Drugs @ Invisible Records
Sheep on Drugs myspace page
bandcamp

Musical groups established in 1990
English techno music groups
English electronic music groups
English electronic rock musical groups
Dance-punk musical groups
Underground, Inc. artists
Rhythm King artists

Sheep on Drugs


赫伯特·斯賓塞·加瑟(Herbert Spencer Gasser,)是一位美國生理學家,於1944年因為關於神經細胞動作電位的研究,而獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。

Herbert Spencer Gasser (July 5, 1888 – May 11, 1963) was an American physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for his work with action potentials in nerve fibers while on the faculty of Washington University in St. Louis, awarded jointly with Joseph Erlanger.

Education
Gasser was born in Platteville, Wisconsin, to Herman Gasser and Jane Elisabeth Griswold Gasser. His father was a physician from Dornbirn in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg; his mother was of New England Yankee and German Russian ancestry.

Biography
Gasser attended State Normal School in Platteville, then entered the University of Wisconsin in 1907. Finishing his undergraduate studies in zoology in only two years, he enrolled in the university's medical school in 1909, studying physiology under Joseph Erlanger, and pharmacology under Arthur S. Loevenhart. While still a student, he was named an instructor in pharmacology (1911). Since UW only provided preclinical medical instruction, Gasser transferred to Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1913, where he received his medical degree in 1915. He then returned to UW as a pharmacology instructor.
In 1916 Gasser moved to the department of physiology at Washington University.

As the United States became involved in World War I and the armies began using chemical warfare, Gasser was urged to contribute his knowledge of human physiology to the subject. Accordingly, in the summer of 1918 he joined the Armed Forces Chemical Warfare Service in Washington D.C. After the Armistice he returned to Washington University, where he was made a professor of pharmacology in 1921.

During the years 1923–1925 Gasser studied in London, Paris and Munich under a Rockefeller Foundation grant, with the goal of improving the caliber of US medical education. After completing these studies he returned to Washington University.

In 1931 Gasser moved to New York City and became a professor of physiology at Cornell Medical College. After four years at that post, he was named the second director of the Rockefeller Institute, following the long tenure of Simon Flexner, who had founded the institute. He remained in that position until 1953.

In 1936 Gasser and Erlanger gave a series of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, summarizing their investigations into the actions of human nerve cells. This work led to their recognition in 1944, when they jointly received the Nobel Prize (Gasser used his prize money to fund further research into the subject).

After his retirement from the Rockefeller Institute in 1953, Gasser continued his research. He published over 100 scientific papers during his lifetime. He died in New York City on May 11, 1963.

参考资料

外部链接
  including the Nobel Lecture on December 12, 1945 Mammalian Nerve Fibers

G
G
威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校校友
洛克菲勒大学校长

赫伯特·斯潘塞·加塞


The Spice-Box of Earth is Canadian poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen's second collection of poetry. It was first published in 1961 by McClelland and Stewart, when Cohen was 27 years old. The book brought the poet a measure of early literary acclaim. One of Cohen's biographers, Ira Nadel, stated that "reaction to the finished book was enthusiastic and admiring. . .[noting that] the critic Robert Weaver found it powerful and declared that Cohen was 'probably the best young poet in English Canada right now.'"

The photograph used on the cover is by Montreal photographer John Max, and has been reused on the cover of the 2006 reprint of Let Us Compare Mythologies.

Following The Spice-Box of Earth, Cohen retreated for several years to the treeless Argolic island of Hydra in Greece, where he began work on the more angular, abrasive poems collected in Flowers for Hitler in 1964.

References

1961 poetry books
Poetry by Leonard Cohen
McClelland & Stewart books
Canadian poetry collections

The Spice-Box of Earth


Ibrahim Murtala Muhammed (born December 14, 1974) is Ghanaian politician and member of the Sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana. He once served as the member of Parliament for Nanton, the Deputy Minister for Information and Media Relations and the Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry.

Early years and education
Muhammed attended Ghana Senior High (GHANASCO), Tamale. He  is a trained teacher who holds a teachers certificate A from Tamale College of Education (TACE) formerly Tamale training College (TATCO),Tamale. He also holds a master's degree in Development Planning and International Relations and Diplomacy from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and the University of Ghana respectively.

Political career
In 2009 after the NDC won in 2008 elections ,Murtala Muhammed was appointed the deputy national coordinator of the National Youth Employment Programme (NYEP) by President John Evans Atta Mills which was later rebranded into Ghana Youth Employment Development Agency, (GYEDA). He held this position until he was elected Member of Parliament for the Nanton Constituency in the 2012 Elections.

Member of Parliament
In 2006, following the decision of Professor Wayo Seini MP for Tamale Central constituency to cross the carpet to the NPP, a bye-elections was to be held to fill in as the constitution states. Ahead of the bye-elections Muhammed stood for the NDC primaries but lost to Inusah Fuseini who he lost again to in the 2008 NDC primaries. He later moved to stand for the primaries in the Nanton Constituency in the following elections.

2012 Parliamentary elections
Muhammed served as member of parliament for the Nanton Constituency in the sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana. In December 2012, he won the parliamentary election to represent the Nanton constituency by getting 10,369 votes representing 52.66% of the total votes cast against his closest contender who was the incumbent member of parliament, Abdul-Kareem Iddrisu who got 8,667 votes representing 44.02%.

2016 Parliamentary elections
In 2016,after serving one term in parliament, he lost his bid to be reelected as member of parliament to Mohammed Hardi Tuferu in the parliamentary elections. Tuferu garnered 11,346 votes representing 51.84% against Muhammed's 10,451 votes representing 47.75% of the votes cast. Ahead of the elections Muhammed was heard on radio stating that some other member of parliaments in the northern region were plotting to unseat him as member of parliament for Nanton.

2020 Parliamentary elections
After the member of parliament for Tamale Central Inusah Fuseini decided not to run for the 2020 parliament elections the parliamentary seat become a vacant one for the National Democratic Congress going into the elections. As a result of that Murtala Muhammed declared his intentions to once again stand in the NDC primaries for the Tamale Central after unsuccessful primaries against Inusah Fuseini in 2006 and 2008. In August 2019, he won the primaries after getting 737 votes against his two contenders Alhassan Adam and Abdul Hanan Gundado who got 181 votes and 319 votes respectively.

Deputy Minister
Muhammed served as both Deputy Minister for Information and Media Relations and subsequently Trade and Industry under the John Mahama government from between 2013–2017. In March 2013, he was appoint by President John Dramani Mahama to serve as deputy Minister to then Minister Mahama Ayariga, in the Ministry of Information and Media Relations. After serving in that capacity for one year, the President, realigned and merged the Ministry of Information and Media Relations and the Ministry of Communications because the two ministries were in a way regarded as duplicates. Due to the merger and reshuffle he was moved to serve as Deputy Minister of Tade and Industry along with Kweku Rickets-Hagan to new Trade and Industry Minister Ekwow Spio Garbrah. He served in this role until his party lost the 2016 elections and handed over government to the New Patriotic Party in January 2017.

Personal life
He is a Muslim and married with three children.

References

1974 births
Living people
Ghanaian Muslims
Place of birth missing (living people)
Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni
University of Ghana alumni
Ghanaian MPs 2021–2025
Ghana Senior High School (Tamale) alumni

Ibrahim Murtala Muhammed


Martin Schusterman (born 13 September 1975) is an Argentine retired rugby union footballer. His last club was San Isidro Club. His usual position was at flanker.

Schusterman started his career in 1997 with San Isidro Club in Argentina. In 2003 he made his debut for the Argentina national rugby union team and in 2003 he joined Plymouth Albion. In 2006 he joined Leeds Carnegie, then known as Leeds Tykes, and helped the club to secure promotion to the Guinness Premiership. In 2008 he returned to amateur rugby to his home club San Isidro Club.

At the time in Plymouth, he made an instant impression at the club, with a try on his debut against Coventry, after coming on from the substitutes bench. Just two games later he had forced his way into the starting line up and then retained his place for the remainder of the season.

He ended the campaign as the club's second highest try scorer with a total of 10 tries. The following season he continued to make his mark on the Albion side and notched up a further 7 tries to help Plymouth to a third-place finish.

In his final season at the club he made 21 appearances and once again proved his try scoring abilities with a further 9 tries. That year Plymouth finished fifth and Martin was named in the Rugby Times National Division One Team of the Year.

During his first season with Plymouth, Martin received his first call up to the Argentina squad and that year he made his debut for the Pumas in the South American Rugby Championship.

He has since won 19 caps for his country. In 2006 he came on as a replacement in Argentina's record breaking 45-27 victory over Wales, which was their first ever Test series victory and was also on the bench for their game against the All Blacks

Martin followed this up with a place in the Argentina squad who handed a shock 25-18 defeat to England that same year. Having played in two of the World Cup qualifying games Martin was selected to represent Argentina in the 2007 World Cup.

Schusterman started on the historic draw against the British and Irish Lions in the Millennium Stadium in 2005. He was selected to join the Argentina squad for the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Hong Kong and the 2007 Rugby World Cup held in France, where they finished on the 3rd place, the best position ever for Argentina.

Following his playing time, he's started a career as a coach. Martin has coached the Brazilian National Sevens side since October 2010 after a short period as a Consultant until mid-2012. From February 2013 he is supervising the Youth Divisions of Asociacion Deportiva Francesa, rugby club from the north area of Buenos Aires. He is also coaching the URBA U18 Representative team alongside Agustin Ezcurra.

Since 2017 he is coaching the First team at San Isidro Club with Santiago Gonzalez Bonorino and Federico Gallo.

External links
San isidro Club
Plymouth Albion RFC
Leeds profile
Union Argentina de Rugby pl
Página Oficial da Confederação Brasileira de Rugby
Union de Rugby de Buenos Aires

1975 births
Sportspeople from San Juan, Argentina
Argentine rugby union players
Living people
Rugby union flankers
Leeds Tykes players
Argentina international rugby union players
Plymouth Albion R.F.C. players
Argentina international rugby sevens players
Argentine expatriate rugby union players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate rugby union players in England
2007 Rugby World Cup players

Martín Schusterman


GDDM (Graphical Data Display Manager) is a computer graphics system for the IBM System/370 which was developed in IBM's Hursley lab, and first released in 1979. GDDM was originally designed to provide programming support for the IBM 3279 colour display terminal and the associated 3287 colour printer. The 3279 was a colour graphics terminal designed to be used in a general business environment.

GDDM was extended in the early 1980s to provide graphics support for all of IBM's display terminals and printers, and ran on all of IBM's mainframe operating systems.

GDDM also provided support for the (then current) international standards for interactive computer graphics: GKS and PHIGS. Both GKS and PHIGS were designed around the requirements of CAD systems.

GDDM is also available on the IBM i midrange operating system, as well as its predecessor, the AS/400.

GDDM comprises a number of components:

 Graphics primitives - lines, circles, boxes etc.
 Graphing - through the Presentation Graphics Feature (PGF)
 Language support - PL/I, REXX, COBOL etc.
 Conversion capabilities - for example to GIF format.
 Interactive Chart Utility (ICU).

GDDM remains in widespread use today, embedded in many z/OS applications, as well as in system programs.

GDDM and OS/2 Presentation Manager

IBM and Microsoft began collaborating on the design of OS/2 in 1986. The Graphics Presentation Interface (GPI), the graphics API in the OS/2 Presentation Manager, was based on IBM's GDDM and the Graphics Control Program (GCP). GCP was originally developed in Hursley for the 3270/PC-G and 3270/PC-GX terminals.

The GPI was the primary graphics API for the OS/2 operating system.

At the time (1980s), the graphical user interface (GUI) was still in its early stages of popularity, but already it was clear that the foundation of a good GUI was a graphics API with strong real-time interactive capabilities. Unfortunately, the design of GDDM was closer to (at the time) traditional graphics APIs like GKS, which made it unsuited for more than the simplest interactive uses.

Microsoft and IBM went their separate ways in 1991. Microsoft continued development of its Windows operating environment with Graphics Device Interface (GDI) graphics API. IBM continued with OS/2 for several more years.

References

 Charles Petzold,  Programming the OS/2 Presentation Manager, Microsoft Press, 1989. .

External links
 announcement of 3279 and 3287.
 GDDM Programming Guide

Graphics software
OS/2
Graphical Data Display Manager
IBM mainframe software

Graphical Data Display Manager


Marc Pilisuk (born January 19, 1934) is a Peace and Conflict Studies scholar and Professor Emeritus of the University of California system, having taught at UC-Davis and UC-Berkeley. He currently teaches and supervises graduate students at Saybrook University. Pilisuk is the author of Hidden Structure of Violence: Who Benefits from Global Violence and War, a coauthor of The Triple Revolution, the author of Poor Americans: How the White Poor Live, a coauthor of The Healing Web: Social Networks and Human Survival, a coauthor of International Conflict and Social Policy, a co-editor of the three-volume anthology Peace Movements Worldwide and the author or coauthor of over one hundred academic journal articles.

In 1961, Pilisuk earned a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in clinical and social psychology.

Pilisuk is a founder of the Psychologists for Social Responsibility and past president of The Society for Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence (Division 48 of the American Psychological Association).

In 2012, Dr. Pilisuk was awarded The Howard Zinn Lifetime Achievement Award from the Peace and Justice Studies Association.

In 2019, Pilisuk was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the California Psychological Association

References

1934 births
Living people
21st-century American psychologists
Saybrook University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
University of California, Davis faculty
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American psychologists

Marc Pilisuk


Post Oaks & Sand Roughs is a semi-autobiographical adventure novel by Robert E. Howard.  It was first published in 1989 in France by NéO (Nouvelles Editions Oswald) under the title of "Le Rebelle", since 1990 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 850 copies.  The book contains an introduction and appendix by Glenn Lord where Lord identifies the real people who appear as thinly disguised characters in the novel.

References

1989 American novels
Novels by Robert E. Howard
American autobiographical novels
Novels published posthumously
Donald M. Grant, Publisher books

Post Oaks & Sand Roughs


Bonnie MacBird  is an American writer, actress and producer of screen, stage and prose. She is the original writer of the science fiction film Tron.

MacBird is a native of San Francisco, California and graduated from Stanford University with a bachelor's degree in music and a master's degree in film. She is married to computer scientist Alan Kay.

Film career
MacBird has spent most of her career in Hollywood as a screenwriter and producer. She wrote the original drafts of Tron and received a "story by" credit. She worked in feature film development for Universal Studios in the 1970s, won two Emmy Awards as a producer in the 1980s, and was, for ten years, the head of a firm called Creative License/SkyBird Productions. She has a number of acting and writing credits in Los Angeles theatre.

She continues to write, direct and act in theatre in Los Angeles and is a voice actor for SkyBoat Media.

Novels
Her first Sherlock Holmes novel, Art in The Blood, was published by HarperCollins in 2015. A second Holmes mystery, Unquiet Spirits, followed in 2017.  A third, The Devil's Due, was released in 2019, followed by The Three Locks in 2021. Her fifth novel, What Child is This?: A Sherlock Holmes Christmas Adventure, appeared in 2022 and was illustrated by Frank Cho.

Teaching
She lectures regularly on writing, the creative process, and Sherlock Holmes. She also teaches screenwriting at UCLA extension.

References

External links

UCLA Extension class
Songwriting

Living people
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American novelists
Actresses from California
American mystery writers
American film actresses
American women screenwriters
American women dramatists and playwrights
Screenwriting instructors
Sherlock Holmes scholars
American science fiction writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Emmy Award winners

Bonnie MacBird


WIPI (; ), Wireless Internet Platform for Interoperability, was a middleware platform used in South Korea that allowed mobile phones, regardless of manufacturer or carrier, to run applications. Much of WIPI was based on Java, but it also included the ability to download and run compiled binary applications as well.

The specification was created by the Mobile Platform Special Subcommittee of the Korea Wireless Internet Standardization Forum (KWISF). The South Korean government declared that all cellular phones sold in that country include the WIPI platform to avoid inordinate competition between mobile companies, but the policy has been withdrawn from April 2009.

References

External links
 WIPI Forum

Telecommunications in South Korea
Mobile phone standards
Mobile software

WIPI (platform)


Va (; Tamil numeral for 1/4; working title: Va Quarter Cutting) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language black comedy film written and directed by Pushkar-Gayathri. It stars Shiva, SPB Charan and Lekha Washington , with Kalyan, John Vijay and Abhinayashree playing supporting roles. The film's story takes place in one night, in which a man, with the help of his would-be brother-in-law, hunts for a last liquor before leaving to Saudi Arabia.

The movie was a box office Sleeper hit made within a shoestring budget of 2 crore. The film, produced by Sashikanth Sivaji's YNOT Studios and distributed by Dhayanidhi Alagiri's Cloud Nine Movies, features film score composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar and cinematography by Nirav Shah. The shooting of the film commenced in early 2010 and was held at various locations in Chennai.

Plot
Sunderrajan aka Sura (Shiva) comes to Chennai from Coimbatore on his way to Saudi Arabia. He is received by Marthandam (S. P. B. Charan), a veterinary doctor who is going to marry his sister soon. After the travel agent informs Sura that he cannot taste liquor or women in Saudi, he and Marthandam go to a wine shop to have the last gulp. It is a dry day thanks to elections. Sura is determined to taste the 'quarter' and starts his journey to various places in Chennai where he is told that liquor would be available. He goes to a politico who supplies wine for votes, a star hotel, an Anglo-Indian group of youngsters, a fish market, a gambling den, a kulfi shop, and a brothel house, among other places, all in search of 'quarter'. During his trip, he meets Saraswathi aka Saro (Lekha Washington), who attempts suicide after her parents scold her, and King-Prince, a father-son duo (both roles played by John Vijay) who runs a gambling center. How Sura, in the company of Marthandam and Saro, succeeds in his mission and leaves for Saudi forms the remaining story.

Cast

Production

Development

Sashikanth Sivaji of YNOT Studios, began discussions for his next production in late 2009, when filming his 2010 blockbuster Thamizh Padam. He decided to work with director-duo Pushkar-Gayathri who he thought had a fresh and different script. Fresh out of the success of their debut venture Oram Po, the husband-wife duo had worked on a script that revolved around the local flavors of Chennai. They wanted their next film to be a contrast to Oram Po, which too was based on Chennai and hence worked on a comedy script for their second movie.

The film was publicized under the title Va: Quarter Cutting, but due to the use of English words, it did not meet the requirements for the then Government of Tamil Nadu's Entertainment Tax Exemption Act, which demands titles of creative works to be in Tamil only. Thus, the film's title was changed to Va, meaning one-fourths.

Filming
Filming began in early 2010. Shooting was carried out in and around Chennai in the following weeks. The film's main portions were extensively shot across places in the old city and Marina beach.

Release
The satellite rights of the film were sold to Kalaignar. The film was given a "A" certificate by the Indian Censor Board.

Soundtrack

Soundtrack scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar. The track Unnai Kan Thedudhe is heavily inspired by his own Un Mela Aasadhan from Aayirathil Oruvan. Several parts of the score are adapted from soundtracks of the films Kill Bill, Amelie, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, Sherlock Holmes and Snatch.

 Tracklist

References

External links

2010 comedy films
2010 films
2010s comedy road movies
2010s Tamil-language films
Films about alcoholism
Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar
Films set in Chennai
Films shot in Chennai
Indian black comedy films
Indian comedy road movies
Films directed by Pushkar–Gayathri

Va (film)


Hazen Aldrich (January 10, 1797 – 1873) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. After the death of Joseph Smith, Aldrich went on to lead a small denomination of Latter Day Saints known as the Brewsterites.

Biography
Aldrich was born in Lebanon, New Hampshire to Andrew H. Aldrich and Annis Sweetland. In April or May 1832, Aldrich was taught about the Latter Day Saint movement by missionaries Orson Pratt and Lyman E. Johnson and was baptized in Bath, New Hampshire. Aldrich was baptized at the same time as future apostle and member of the First Presidency Amasa M. Lyman.

On July 4, 1832, Aldrich was given the Melchizedek priesthood and ordained to the office of elder by Pratt. On June 8, 1833, Pratt ordained him a high priest. In 1834, Aldrich participated in the Zion's Camp expedition to Missouri.

On February 28, 1835, Joseph Smith ordained Aldrich to the office of seventy and chose him as the presiding president of the newly organized First Quorum of Seventy. However, when it was discovered by Smith that Aldrich had previously been ordained a high priest, he asked Aldrich to stand down from his position and join the quorum of high priests. Aldrich did so on April 6, 1837, which left Joseph Young as the presiding president of the Seventy.

In 1836, Aldrich was the first Mormon missionary to preach in Lower Canada, in what today is the province of Quebec. Aldrich apostatized from the church in 1837 in Kirtland, Ohio.

Brewsterites
After the succession crisis, Aldrich joined the church led by James Strang. On December 16, 1846, Strang excommunicated Aldrich from the church for incest with his daughter, either Betsy or Louisa. In November 1847, Aldrich became a member of the Church of Christ (Whitmerite). After this denomination died, Aldrich and James C. Brewster created the Church of Christ (Brewsterite) in 1848. On September 29, 1849, Aldrich became the president of this Latter Day Saint denomination, and edited a Brewsterite periodical entitled the Olive Branch. In August 1850, Brewster led about 85 of his followers (including Hazen Aldrich's pregnant daughter, Betsy Aldrich Wilder and her family) from Independence, Missouri, to the edenic "Land of Bashan" that Brewster had seen in visions, lying at the confluence of the Gila and Colorado rivers, in the southwestern United States. Inadequate preparation and lack of supplies along the route led to dissension in the group. One dissenting family, the Oatmans, split from the main body of migrants, and were mostly slain by Yavapai Indians. Two surviving young girls were held in captivity several years, one eventually starving to death. Olive Oatman, however, survived and was eventually recovered from the Mohave tribe, who had gotten her from the Yavapai. Betsy and her husband were also dissenters from the group but made it safely to Los Angeles, California, where she divorced her husband in February 1853 and married Wesley Fielding Gibson and raised more children.

Death
Aldrich, who did not follow Brewster to Arizona, resigned his position as church president in January 1853, and emigrated to California to support his daughter Betsy through her divorce, and to live with his other daughter, Louisa Aldrich Geary and her family, in El Monte, Los Angeles, California.  Aldrich died in El Monte in 1873, and was buried in Rosemead, California, at Savannah Memorial Park.

References

D. Michael Quinn (1994). Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power (Salt Lake City: Signature Books).
Brian McGinty (2005). The Oatman Massacre: A Tale of Desert Captivity and Survival (Norman OK: University of Oklahoma Press)

External links
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Hazen Aldrich
Saint without Halos: Hazen Aldrich

Biography of Hazen C. Aldrich, The Joseph Smith Papers
Biography of Hazen Aldrich, Dictionary of Mormon Biography

1797 births
1873 deaths
American Latter Day Saint leaders
American Latter Day Saint missionaries
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) members
Converts to Mormonism
Editors of Latter Day Saint publications
Founders of new religious movements
Latter Day Saint leaders
Latter Day Saint missionaries in Canada
Leaders in the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)
People excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)
People from El Monte, California
Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Prophets in Mormonism
Religious leaders from New Hampshire

Hazen Aldrich


Kevin Michael Collins (August 4, 1946 – February 20, 2016) was a Major League Baseball infielder with the New York Mets, Montreal Expos and Detroit Tigers. He played primarily as a third baseman and sometimes as a second baseman.  He also played a few games at other positions, including shortstop, first baseman and outfielder.

Collins was signed by the Mets as an amateur free agent on January 1, 1964 after a high school career at Springfield Tech High School.  He began his professional career in 1964 with the Florida Mets, the Mets Rookie League minor league baseball team.  He played in 44 games that season, getting 118 at bats and posting a batting average of .220.

In 1965, Collins made his major league debut with the Mets on September 1.  He played in 11 games for the Mets in 1965, splitting time between third base and shortstop, getting 23 at-bats and a batting average of .174.  At age 19 years, 28 days, he was the 4th youngest player to appear in the major leagues that season.

In 1966, Collins played the entire season in the minor leagues at the Mets class-AA affiliate, the Williamsport Mets.  Collins appeared in 122 games for Williamsport, almost entirely as a shortstop, and batted .251 with 6 home runs in 411 at-bats.  He earned Eastern League all star honors in 1966.

Collins was promoted to the Jacksonville Suns, the Mets class-AAA affiliate in 1967.  There, he played several infield positions, sharing time at second base with Ken Boswell, at shortstop with Sandy Alomar Sr. and at third base with Amos Otis.  In all, Collins played 119 games for Jacksonville in 1967, getting 420 at-bats and 3 home runs, with a batting average of .248, a slugging percentage of .321 and an on-base percentage of .289.  Collins also played in 4 games with the Mets in September 1967, getting one hit in ten at-bats.

In 1968, Collins again started the year with Jacksonville.  He played 28 games at Tidewater, batting .248 in 101 at-bats before being promoted to the Mets.  With the Mets in 1968, Collins played in 58 games, mostly as a third baseman.  He batted .201 in 154 at-bats.  He also hit his first Major League home run that season, on August 6.

Collins began the 1969 season with the Mets.  He played 16 games for the Mets, all at third base, getting 40 at-bats but only batting .150.  His last game with the Mets before being demoted to the Mets new class-AAA affiliate in Tidewater was on May 4.  Collins played in 11 games for Tidewater, batting .250 in 32 at-bats before being traded to the Montreal Expos.

On June 15, 1969, Collins was traded to the Montreal Expos along with Steve Renko, Bill Carden and Dave Colon in exchange for Donn Clendenon.  This was a momentous trade in Met history, since Clendenon would go on to be the World Series Most Valuable Player in 1969.  Collins appeared in 52 games for the Expos in 1969, split between second base and third base.  He batted .240 in 96 at-bats.

After the 1969 season, Collins was sold by the Expos to the Detroit Tigers.  With the Tigers in 1970, Collins played only 25 games, mostly as a pinch hitter.  He played in only one game in the field, his only career game at first base.  He batted .208 in 24 at-bats for the Tigers that season.

Collins only played in 35 games with the Tigers in 1971, and again only a few in the field.  In 1971 he played some games at third base, second base and in the outfield.  He batted .268 in 41 at-bats, the highest batting average in his major league career.

In June, 1973, Collins was traded by the Tigers along with Tom Timmermann to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Ed Farmer.  Collins never played a game for the Indians and never played a major league game after the trade.

After a few more minor league seasons, Collins retired from baseball in 1974.  He declined the opportunity to remain with the Indians as a coach or scout.  After retirement, he worked in the automotive supply business, losing part of his right foot in a warehouse accident in 1993.

He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts and died in Naples, Florida.

References

External links

1946 births
2016 deaths
Baseball players from Massachusetts
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Major League Baseball third basemen
New York Mets players
Montreal Expos players
Detroit Tigers players
Winnipeg Whips players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Jacksonville Suns players
Tidewater Tides players
Williamsport Mets players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Cocoa Rookie League Mets players
Florida Instructional League Expos players
Florida Instructional League Mets players

Kevin Collins (baseball)


Laksamana Sukardi (born 1 October 1956) is an Indonesian politician, reformist and banker who served as Minister of State Owned Enterprises (BUMN) under the presidencies of Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri.

Sukardi was born in Jakarta into a family of the menak or Sundanese aristocracy. His father, Gandhi Sukardi (1929–2011), was a prominent journalist at the Antara state news agency. His grandfather, Raden Didi Sukardi (1898–1971), was also a journalist, plantation owner and government minister of the federal state of Pasundan.

Laksamana Sukardi graduated as a civil engineer from the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) in 1979, but decided to pursue a career as an economist and banker. He eventually became part of the senior management of Bank Lippo, and was honoured as Banker of the Year from SWA Magazine in 1993. He also joined the reformist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), and was an outspoken critic of the New Order regime of Soeharto.

His political career began with his election as a legislator in 1992 to the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). He served in the legislature until 1997, before being appointed in October 1999 to the reformist coalition government of President Abdurrahman Wahid as Minister of State Owned Enterprises in the National Unity Cabinet. Sukardi held this position until April 2000, but was reappointed by the next Indonesian President, Megawati Sukarnoputri, to his old post in August 2001 as part of her Mutual Assistance Cabinet (2001–2004). As Minister of State Owned Enterprises, Laksamana Sukardi presided over one of the most significant programmes of privatisation and or sale of state-owned assets since Independence in 1945.

After leaving office in 2004, Sukardi, together with other leading party bureaucrats such as Arifin Panigoro, led a revolt within the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle against party chairman and former president Megawati Sukarnoputri. In 2005, they founded their own Democratic Renewal Party.

He has been questioned by the Attorney-General of Indonesia in a number of high-profile corruption cases since leaving office in 2004. WikiLeaks has also revealed the existence of a blanket gagging order applying to all citizens and media in Australia, issued by the Supreme Court of Victoria on 19 June 2014 for 'national security' reasons, which involves the names of several senior Asian politicians, including Sukardi.

Footnotes

References

1956 births
Government ministers of Indonesia
People from Jakarta
Sundanese people
Indonesian economists
Indonesian Muslims
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 1999

Laksamana Sukardi


Harriet Raikes was the daughter of Thomas Raikes the Younger, a merchant and banker in London, and the granddaughter of Thomas Raikes the Elder, also merchant and banker in London and Governor of the Bank of England from 1797 to 1799.

Her father became a famous dandy traveller in Europe,  meeting the highest celebrities of his times and he was also a diarist. In 1861 Harriet edited her father's correspondence with the 2nd Duke of Wellington.

She was also the author of The Marriage Contract (London: Richard Bentley, 1849, 2 vols), which is the first recorded murder mystery novel in English by a woman.

Writers from London
English biographers
19th-century English novelists
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing

Harriet Raikes