"Profit and Loss" is the 38th episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. It is the 18th episode of the second season. The episode aired on television on March 21, 1994.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near the planet Bajor, as Bajor recovers from a decades-long brutal occupation by the imperialistic Cardassians.  In this episode, the bartender Quark is reunited with a former lover, only to discover that she is involved in dangerous political intrigue. This episode develops the storyline of the Cardassian government, and of the exiled Cardassian spy-turned-tailor Garak.

This episode was being filmed when the 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17 of that year. Armin Shimerman and Edward Wiley left the Paramount Pictures lot in full Ferengi and Cardassian makeup respectively.

Plot

Cardassian professor Natima Lang (Mary Crosby) arrives at Deep Space Nine with her students, Rekelen and Hogue — political dissidents intent on reforming the oppressive Cardassian military government. Lang and Quark were once lovers; Lang ended the relationship after Quark betrayed her trust, and she now wants nothing to do with him, but he still has feelings for her.

When Lang sees Garak at Quark's bar, she panics, guessing he will inform the Cardassian government of their presence. In the guise of a conversation about fashion, Garak hints to Quark that Lang's radical beliefs and companions are likely to lead to her death. Quark offers Lang his assistance, but she refuses, not trusting him to care about anyone but himself.

Meanwhile, a Cardassian warship arrives and threatens the station. Garak explains to DS9'''s senior staff that Cardassian Central Command wants Hogue and Rekelen, whom he describes as terrorists, handed over.

Quark offers Hogue and Rekelen a contraband cloaking device to help them escape, on the condition that Lang stay with him. Lang has an argument with Quark, during which she accidentally shoots a phaser at Quark, stunning him. Horrified, Lang finally admits that she still loves him and Quark finally manages to convince her to stay.

Lang and her students are arrested by security chief Odo: the Bajoran government has agreed to turn them over to the Cardassians in exchange for the release of several Bajoran prisoners. A former rival of Garak's, Gul Toran, tells Garak that Central Command wants the prisoners dead; in exchange for killing them, Garak will be allowed to return to Cardassia.

Quark convinces Odo to release Lang and her students. Garak greets them at their ship, where he laments that he must now kill Quark as well. Toran appears, revealing that he only used Garak to learn Hogue and Rekelen's whereabouts; the offer of a return to Cardassia was a lie. Garak shoots him and allows Lang, Hogue, and Rekelen to escape. Lang convinces Quark to let her leave, promising to return to him when her work reforming the Cardassian government is done. Quark sadly lets her go.

Once she leaves, Quark asks why Garak shot Toran, and Garak asks why Quark let Lang go. "I had no choice — I love her," Quark says. Garak replies, "And I love Cardassia, which explains what I did".

Themes
The story takes inspiration from the film Casablanca. The initial title for the episode was "Here's lookin' at you", which was changed due to legal reasons.

Production

In this episode, the main guest star is Mary Crosby, playing the role of Natima Lang. Mary is the daughter of Bing Crosby and the aunt of Denise Crosby, who had played Tasha Yar on Star Trek: The Next Generation.

Producer Ira Steven Behr disliked this episode, because he believed that it made Quark come across as too heroic.
However, makeup artist Michael Westmore has stated that the love scene between Quark and Natima Lang in this episode was one of his favorite Star Trek scenes. He liked the scene so much because in spite of the heavy prosthetic makeup, it was a simple, romantic scene between two people in love and the makeup becomes completely unimportant. Armin Shimerman (Quark) and Mary Crosby (Natima Lang) had their makeup touched up every time the actors kissed, since his red-orange makeup kept mixing with her light grey makeup.

During filming, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck on January 17, 1994 at 4:31 am, while Armin Shimerman, Mary Crosby and other actors requiring extensive makeup, were in preparation for crew call. Most of the actors in the makeup trailer (whilst still in makeup) ran to their cars and drove home to check on their families. While driving through the streets of L.A., many of the actors startled many other motorists with their bizarre alien makeup. According to Armin Shimerman, He "scared the crap out of people" with his alien appearance.

Michael Reilly Burke, who plays Hogue, had also performed on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but not as the same character.

 Releases
On April 1, 2003, Season 2 of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' was released on DVD video discs, with 26 episodes on seven discs.

This episode was released in 2017 on DVD with the complete series box set, which had 176 episodes on 48 discs.

References

External links

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (season 2) episodes
1994 American television episodes

Profit and Loss (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)


North Seattle College (NSC or North Seattle) is a public college in Seattle, Washington. It is one of three colleges comprising the Seattle Colleges District and part of the Washington Community and Technical Colleges system.

Founded  in 1970, NSC is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, and offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, university transfer, and certificate programs, as well as continuing education and college preparation programs.

In March 2014, the board of trustees of the Seattle Community Colleges District voted unanimously to change the name of the district to "Seattle Colleges" and North Seattle Community College became North Seattle College.

Academics
NSC programs include academic degrees, college prep and transfer, cross-disciplinary, continuing and senior adult education programs. NSC is also home to the Watch Technology Institute, the only two-year program in the art of Swiss watchmaking and technology in the western United States.
NSC also provides Running Start, where high school juniors and seniors can take college classes to earn high school credits as well as college credits.

Since 2010, as part of a new Washington State educational initiative, North Seattle College began offering Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS) degree programs to students that have previously completed a two-year degree.

Campus
The North Seattle College main campus occupies , including  of environmentally sensitive wetlands, in the Licton Springs/North College Park neighborhood of the Northgate district of Seattle. Located at 9600 College Way North, the campus is  north of the city center and is easily accessed from Interstate 5, several King County Metro bus routes, and Northgate Station of the Link 1 Line via a dedicated pedestrian bridge over I-5.

NSC campus consists of various academic, athletics & supporting facilities:

The college's library was founded in 1970; as of 2017, it contains over 174,000 volumes (books, media, serials) in the physical and digital collection, along with 40 plus databases that provide access to many thousands of scholarly, popular, trade, and newspaper articles.
The Computer Lab facilities & laboratories
North Seattle Indoor Arena, Physical Education, gymnasium, fitness & wellness center
NSC Bookstore
NSC Art Gallery

Wetlands
The North Seattle College Wetlands sit at the South Fork of Thornton Creek and are important ecological lands for the Thornton Creek watershed as they work as a sponge to hold surge flows of water as well as filtering out pollutants.  The wetlands serve as a critical habitat for many species including the Pacific Tree Frog and Long-toed salamander, as well as several species of avian and plant life.

Currently, there is a system of crude trails that get you to and through most of the wetlands habitat. The main trail is a loop that walks around the northern part of campus.  There are spurs that branch off of this main loop trail.  An interpretive trail is in progress and a map is available with points of interest for those wishing to explore the wetlands further.

A wide variety of native and non-native plant species can be observed throughout the main campus and surrounding wetlands habitat.
There are many mushrooms growing in and around the wetlands. Some notable species include Redlead Roundhead (Stropharia aurantiaca), Harefoot Mushroom (Coprinopsis lagopus), Fiber Caps (Inocybe mixtilis), Shaggy Parasol (Chlorophyllum olvieri), and Bellybutton Hedgehog (Hydnum umbilicatum).

Wetlands shrub life includes Snowberry Shrubs (Symphoricarpos albus), Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus discolor), Burning Bush (Eunonymus alatus), and Nootka Rose (Rosa Nutkana). Campus and wetlands are also home to many plants such as Sumac (Rhus Species), Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum), and Common Horsetail (Equisetum arvense).

See also
Thornton Creek
Licton Springs

References

External links

Official website

Universities and colleges in Seattle
Community colleges in Washington (state)
Universities and colleges accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
Universities and colleges established in 1970
Libraries in Seattle
1970 establishments in Washington (state)

North Seattle College


Quincy ( ), known as Illinois's "Gem City", is a city in and the county seat of Adams County, Illinois, United States, located on the Mississippi River. The 2020 census counted a population of 39,463 in the city itself, down from 40,633 in 2010. As of July 1, 2015, the Quincy Micro Area had an estimated population of 77,220. During the 19th century, Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.

History

Early history

Quincy's location along the Mississippi River has attracted settlers for centuries. The French became the first European presence to colonize the region, after Louis Jolliet, Jacques Marquette, Jamison Knapp and the La Salle Expeditions explored the Upper Mississippi River Valley. Fur goods became a valuable commodity of the region, and European explorers and merchants alike were attracted to the prospects of the growing fur trade of the North American frontier. The Mississippi River, acting as a superhighway for transporting goods downstream, became the area's most vital transportation asset.

Following the events of the Seven Years' War, which ended in 1763, Great Britain took control of New France, and the area that is now Illinois became part of the Indian Reserve. After the American Revolutionary War a few decades later, the area became part of the Northwest Territory of the United States, and eventually the State of Illinois in 1818.

19th century

After the War of 1812, the American government granted military tracts to veterans as a means to help populate the West. Peter Flinn, having acquired the land from veteran Mark McGowan for his military service in 1819, ended up selling  of land acquisitions to Moravia, New York native John Wood for $60 (~$ in ). John Wood later founded Quincy, which at the time was coined Bluffs, Illinois.

In 1825, Bluffs renamed their community Quincy and became the seat of government for Adams County, both named after newly elected President John Quincy Adams. In addition, they originally named the town square John Square until eventually changing it to Washington Square. In June 1834, Quincy was incorporated, with Archibald Williams, Joseph T. Holmes, S. W. Rogers, Levi Wells, and Michael Mast elected as trustees. Quincy incorporated as a city in 1840, with Ebenezer Moore elected as its first mayor.

In 1837, following the signing of Missouri Executive Order 44, which is an extermination order, many members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints fled persecution in Missouri and found shelter in Quincy. Despite being vastly outnumbered by Mormon refugees, residents provided food and lodging for the displaced people. Joseph Smith then led members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints  upstream to Nauvoo, Illinois, in hopes of finding a permanent home. Also in 1838, Quincy sheltered the Pottawatomie tribe as they were forcibly relocated from Indiana to Kansas.

The 1850s and 1860s brought increased prosperity to Quincy. Steamboats and railroads began linking Quincy to places west, making the city a frequent destination for immigrants. The founding of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in 1855, and the construction of the Quincy Rail Bridge, were major drivers for creating a transportation hub in the region to further commerce. It is during this time that the city's population grew enormously, from just under 7,000 residents in 1850 to 24,000 by 1870, helping Quincy surpass Peoria in becoming the second-largest city in the state (at that time).

One famous former resident of Quincy is George E. Pickett. The future Confederate general as a young man came to Quincy to live, and learn the law, from his uncle Alexander Johnson in the 1840s. Johnson was acquainted with Abraham Lincoln, and Pickett and Lincoln may have even met each other in Quincy.

In 1860, Quincy founder and Lieutenant Governor John Wood inherited the governorship after William H. Bissell died while in office. At the time, he was overseeing business interests and the construction of his mansion. The Illinois legislature allowed him to stay in Quincy during his tenure, effectively making Quincy a "second" capitol for the state. His absence from the official governor's office in Springfield provided Abraham Lincoln a space for planning his presidential run.

Slavery was a major religious and social issue in Quincy's early years. The Illinois city's location, separated only by the Mississippi River from the slave state of Missouri, which was a hotbed of political controversy on the issue, made Quincy itself a hotbed of political controversy on slavery. Richard Eells, who was a staunch abolitionist, built his home in Quincy in 1835 and sheltered formerly enslaved people who had escaped and were on their way to Chicago. His home became a major stop on the Underground Railroad. The divide over slavery climaxed in 1858, when Quincy hosted the sixth Senatorial debate by U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas and his challenger, Abraham Lincoln. With a crowd of 12,000 in attendance, Quincy was the largest community at which Lincoln and Douglas debated.

Lincoln and Douglas again confronted each other in the 1860 Presidential election and the resulting campaign again divided Quincy and the surrounding region. Lincoln enthusiasts and Quincy's chapter of the Republican Party's para-military organization Wide Awakes, while en route to a political rally in Plainville, marched upon nearby Payson, which was a community predominantly filled with Douglas supporters. Although a confrontation was avoided while en route to Plainville, Douglas supporters shot upon the Wide Awakes on their journey back to Quincy, resulting in a skirmish known as the Stone Prairie Riots.

The Civil War brought increasing prosperity to Quincy. Although the battles took place far from the city, Quincy was the organization site for several Illinois volunteer work infantry regiments, including the Union Army's 16th, 50th, 78th, 84th, 119th, 137th, 138th, and 151st. Following the Reconstruction Era, Quincy was selected as the location for Illinois' first Veteran's Home in 1886.

Immigration to Quincy
Early immigrants to Quincy came predominately from New England, seeking better land. They brought with them progressive values, such as public education and abolitionism. Starting in the 1840s, migrants from Germany settled in Quincy to escape revolutions among the German provinces and conflicts between the European powers. German migrants mainly lived in close proximity to one another and settled predominantly in the southern parts of the city, influencing much of Quincy's historic architecture and creating the South Side German Historic District. Collectively, the south side of Quincy became known as Calftown, due to the fact that nearly every household possessed a cow. Among the notable German-Americans from Quincy's Southside was Louise Maertz (1837–1918), a nurse during the American Civil War.

In 1860, a group of Franciscan friars founded the St. Francis Solanus College, which later developed into Quincy University.

20th and 21st centuries

Throughout the 19th century, Quincy had grown from a backwater hamlet along the Mississippi River to become one of the state's most important cities and ports. Activity from rail and steamboat continued to flourish and Quincy benefited from the increased traffic. It was during the early decades of the 20th century that many of the city's historic buildings in the Downtown Quincy Historic District were constructed, including the city's first skyscraper, the Western Catholic Union Building, in 1925.

The increasing presence of the automobile led Quincy to consider alternatives to Mississippi River crossings. Prior to the automobile, the most common means of crossing the near-mile wide river was by boat or ferry. In 1928, construction began on the Memorial Bridge which was a two-lane truss toll bridge; it opened in May 1930. By 1945, the city had repaid its outstanding bonds and eliminated the toll.

On April 12, 1945, a tornado ripped through the business district of Quincy and severely damaged the courthouse. The wind was so severe that it blew the roof off the structure, damaging it beyond repair. Because the incident occurred a few hours after news reached Quincy of President Roosevelt's death, several residents joked that "FDR and God were just fighting over the power-up there."  Five years passed before a new courthouse was completed.

In 1987, the cable-stayed Bayview Bridge was constructed with the intent of alleviating traffic on the aging Memorial Bridge. Today, both bridges complement each other by carrying westbound (Bayview) and eastbound (Memorial) traffic. Although the lighting was originally intended for the Bayview Bridge during its construction phase, the actual installation of lights didn't occur until 2015.

During the Mississippi River flood of 1993, riverside businesses and industries suffered extensive damage when the river crested at a record 32.2 feet (9.81 m),  above flood stage. For a time, the Bayview Bridge, one of Quincy's two bridges, was the only bridge open across the Mississippi River between Alton, Illinois and Burlington, Iowa. The Memorial Bridge was closed from the end of June, due to water over its western approach. On July 16, 1993, the Bayview Bridge closed when the river submerged the land on the west side of the Mississippi River at Taylor, Missouri; Quincy's bridges reopened 73 days later on September 26, 1993.

On November 19, 1996, the United Express Flight 5925 collided on landing at Quincy with another Beechcraft, a private King Air, that was taking off from an intersecting runway. All occupants of both planes, twelve on board the 5925 and two on board the King Air, were killed as a result.

A flood in June 2008 submerged much of Quincy's riverfront and low-lying regions not protected by the bluffs. Record Mississippi River levels occurred on June 22, 2008. The Red Cross accepted donations for Quincy and other communities in Adams County, as natural disaster funds were depleted in 2010.

Quincy has been twice recognized as an All-America City and is a participant in the Tree City USA program. In the fall of 2010, Forbes Magazine listed Quincy as the eighth "Best Small City To Raise A Family."

Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 39,463 people, 17,226 households, and 9,940 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 19,028 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.3% White, 5.87% African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.01% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.95% from other races, and 5.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.33% of the population.

There were 17,226 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.52% were married couples living together, 11.26% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.30% were non-families. 36.06% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 2.26.

The city's age distribution consisted of 21.4% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,935, and the median income for a family was $64,891. Males had a median income of $40,636 versus $26,977 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,105. About 11.4% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
Quincy is located at  (39.932335, -91.388737). It is adjacent to the Mississippi River and Quincy Bay, a large inlet of water fed by Cedar and Homan Creeks. According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Quincy has a total area of , of which  (or 99.73%) is land and  (or 0.27%) is water.

The city is situated on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River. Adjacent to Quincy, on the Missouri side of the river, is West Quincy, Missouri and a vast floodplain used primarily for farming. East of Quincy lies the Quincy Hills geographic region, a region of hills that are similar to the Lincoln Hills in Missouri, where a mixture of rolling hills, woods, and farming shape the landscape. Flat prairie lie north of Quincy and, as the Mississippi turns sharply to the southwest; bluffs, floodplain, and farmland lie to the south and southwest of the city.

The Quincy micropolitan area includes Adams County, Illinois and Lewis County, Missouri and together hold a population of 75,546. Due to its proximity to Hannibal, Missouri, the two communities have been bulked into Quincy-Hannibal, IL-MO Combined Statistical Area which holds approximately 116,000 residents. As of the 2010 Census, it is currently ranked as the 156th most populated CSA in the United States.

Geographically, Quincy is the largest city and central hub of the Tri-State region, encompassing western Illinois, northeastern Missouri, and southeastern Iowa.

Quincy has several suburbs. North Quincy is the city's most populated suburb and lies to the north, beyond a rail line and a large creek. Hickory Grove, Illinois is an edge town and lies adjacent to Quincy to its east, bordered by Interstate 172. The town of Marblehead lies to the south, and West Quincy to the west.

The Hannibal–Quincy micropolitan area is also technically not located within the nearby St. Louis metropolitan, but are regionally associated due to their proximity and accessibility to Greater St. Louis.

Sister cities
Quincy, Illinois has two sister cities.
  Herford, Germany
  Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China

Economy
Companies based in Quincy include Niemann Foods, Gardner Denver and The Knapheide Manufacturing Company. GatesAir Television and Radio Transmission has a facility in town, as does Broadcast Electronics. Titan Wheel (Titan International) is also located in Quincy. Blessing Hospital, the Quincy Public Schools and Titan are the top three employers in the area.

In 1978, Quincy formed the Great River Economic Development Foundation, a private, non-profit organization designed to retain existing businesses and attract new ones to the area. This organization has been instrumental in putting the Quincy-Hannibal Area on the map as a distinct region in conjunction with the major metropolitan areas nearby such as Chicago, IL, St. Louis, MO, and even Kansas City, MO. As a whole, Quincy falls from average to just above average in several economic categories in comparison to the national averages.

The cost of living in Quincy is well below the national average.  The city is also below the national averages in cost of food, utilities and other miscellaneous costs. In the fall of 2010 Quincy was listed as eighth in the top fifteen small cities to raise a family in the United States by Forbes magazine for its commute times, high school graduation rate, median household income, home ownership rate and cost of living. Forbes compared 126 cities with a population under 100,000 and ranked them on these five quality-of-life measures.

Media

Quincy's television market includes the cities of Quincy, Hannibal, Macomb, and Keokuk. The market was widely served by Insight Communications through 2007. In January 2008, Comcast took control of the cable television system. Satellite television services are provided by DirecTV or Dish.

The city is usually combined with Hannibal due to its proximity and labeled as the 170th market on the DMA chart. With regards to television service, Quincy and the surrounding region are served by affiliates of ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, and the CW networks. STARadio Corporation and Quincy Media own many of the local media outlets in the region. As of February 2006, Quincy can receive 17 FM stations, 5 AM stations, and one NOAA Wideband Weather Radio station.

Culture
Quincy and the surrounding region lie in a blended zone of midwestern culture, where influences from the Heartland and Rust Belt converge. It is also a community that deeply admires the arts, as it is home to America's first Arts Council, Quincy Society of Fine Arts, which was founded in 1947 by George M. Irwin. Irwin also founded Quincy Little Symphony (now known as the Quincy Symphony Orchestra Association) in 1947. Numerous nonprofit arts organizations provide the community with opportunities for entertainment, workshops, hands-on creative experiences, annual festivals, gallery and museum exhibit openings, theatre, architecture, education and much more. Quincy was also named to Expedia's list of America's Most Artistic Towns in 2017 and 2018.

The Dogwood Parade and festival is an annual event held in early-May celebrating the blossoming Dogwoods located throughout the city. Washington Park hosts amusement rides and a parade marches down Maine Street. Washington Park and downtown also become the focal point of activity for farmer's markets, Q-Fest, formerly the Midsummer Arts Faire, the Tin Dusters, and the Gus Macker 3-on-3 Basketball tournament.

The Historical Society of Quincy and Adams County engage the community in various events at the History Museum, the John Wood Mansion and Woodland Cemetery. In 2018, Quincy Community Theatre opened its 81st season. Quincy Art Center and Quincy Museum host the annual Art Fest & Folk Life Festival on Maine Street each September and provide various educational opportunities.

Quincy's riverfront is also a center for popular activities throughout the year, including the Fourth of July display on the Quincy Bay, outdoor showings of movies, and concerts. The Quincy Area Convention and Visitors Bureau is housed in a unique example of Mediterranean Revival architecture, the Villa Kathrine, along the river bluff and provides visitors and those traveling along the Great River Road a stop with informational materials about Quincy and the surrounding area.

The Historic Downtown District is the premier destination for dining, entertainment and shopping. With the backdrop of historic architecture, The District merges the past with a touch of modern flair to bring customers all the modern conveniences they would want. Broadway Street leads from the Mississippi River through the east end of the town. Along the route are numerous chain franchises, stores, Quincy Mall and various strip malls for additional shopping opportunities. The Quincy Area Chamber of Commerce was established in 1887 to promote and enhance the business climate and economic well-being of the Quincy area.

The Quincy YMCA and The Salvation Army Kroc Center provide fitness and recreational activities. There also several dance and yoga studios available. The Quincy Park District also offers public access to numerous parks, trails, facilities and programs throughout the city.

Architecture

Quincy is home to a diverse and vibrant collection of buildings that have come to be a tourist attraction in and of themselves. South of downtown is the South Side German Historic District, which holds many of the German-influenced structures that early immigrants built. A central site in the district is the Dick Brothers Brewery Buildings, which were constructed in 1857 and rivaled many larger breweries. The lager tunnel system and natural aquifer can still be found underground. Although the brewery survived Prohibition by bottling water and other beverages, slow modernization efforts forced the brewery into bankruptcy. However, the buildings remain and are being renovated for public use and commercial space. Other examples of rich German-influence in Quincy can also be seen in the many brick homes within the district.

Francis Hall of Quincy University is another example of German influence in the city's structures.

Other than the South Side, Maine Street and the East End are popular strips where Quincy's rich architectural history is displayed. Once housing some of Quincy's elite, many of the homes in these regions are influenced mainly by Victorian schools. Known residents of this part of town included Richard Newcomb and city founder John Wood. Today, the Newcomb residence functions as the Quincy Museum and was once featured on the cover of National Geographic as "one of the most architecturally significant corners in the United States." There are many organizations in the town that continue to oversee renovations to structures, such as the Historical Society of Quincy & Adams County, and some residents allow for tours of their 19th Century homes.

There is also a significant Mediterranean influence to Quincy with the Villa Kathrine and B'nai Sholom Temple. In 1900, Quincy resident W. George Metz commissioned George Behrensmeyer to design a Moroccan-style home overlooking the river. It included a harem, courtyard, and reflecting pool. Today, the Villa Kathrine functions as the visitor's center. The Temple B'nai Sholom is another structure that was heavily influenced by the Moorish revival in the United States.

Infrastructure

Education
Quincy has a number of educational institutions within the city or close by. Quincy Senior High School is located on Maine Street in Quincy. Quincy Notre Dame High School, a private Catholic high school, is also located in Quincy. Quincy University is located in Quincy and  established in the 1860s. On the city's east side, John Wood Community College is the regional community college. Gem City College is located in the heart of downtown Quincy and the Blessing-Rieman College of Nursing is located next door to Blessing Hospital. Regionally, Quincy is within driving distance of Western Illinois University in Macomb, Hannibal-LaGrange College downriver in Hannibal, Missouri, and Culver-Stockton College in Canton, Missouri.

Quincy Park District

The Quincy Park District was founded in 1940 when five commissioners were elected to govern the district. Today the board for the Park District is made up of seven volunteers who serve four-year terms. Quincy Park District is made up of  which is divided into 26 parks. The 26 parks located in Quincy are All-American Park, Berrian Park, Bob Bangert Park, Bob Mays Park, Boots Bush Park, Clat Adams Bicentennial Park, Edgewater Park, Emerson Park, Gardner Park, Indian Mounds Park, Johnson Park, Kesler Park, Leon Bailey Park, Lincoln Park, Madison Park, Moorman Park, Parker Heights Park, Quinsippi Island, Reservoir Park, Riverview Park, South Park, Sunset Park, Washington Park, Wavering Park, and Westview Park. Washington Park was the first park in Quincy, IL. It is located downtown and sits on . Washington Park served as one of the locations in Illinois for the Lincoln-Douglas debates. Quinsippi Island is accessible through the All-American Park and comprises . Bob Mays Park sits on fifty acres of land and opened in 2008. The site of the first public pool was at Indian Mounds Park. It also sits on  of land. Moorman Park where visitors can find baseball and softball diamonds. Moorman Park sits on  and includes a batting cage and mini-golf course. Besides a swimming pool and baseball/softball diamonds, there are also tennis courts for the community to use. One park that has tennis courts is Reservoir Park where many city tennis tournaments are held. This is just some of the information regarding the parks in Quincy.

Health and medicine
Quincy is home to Blessing Hospital and Quincy Medical Group. Specialty areas include a cancer center, cardiovascular center, outpatient surgery center, Level 2 trauma center, and rehabilitation. Blessing also operates the Blessing Rieman College of Nursing.

Transportation
Highways

Interstate 72 passes approximately  south of Quincy. Its spur route, Interstate 172, passes just east of town. In recent years, the Prairie Trails Shopping Complex has been a focal point for development in this area. Illinois Route 104 (Broadway) is a main east–west artery from the Mississippi River bridges to Interstate 172. Illinois Route 96 enters the city from the southeast and travels north (through the east side of Quincy) to U.S. Route 24. Illinois Route 57 branches south from U.S. 24 downtown and passes Quincy's Civic Center on its way to Interstate 172 southeast of the city. Illinois 96 also serves as the Great River Road, which follows the path of the Mississippi River. Eastbound U.S. 24 crosses the Mississippi River from Missouri on the Quincy Memorial Bridge, while westbound traffic uses the newer Bayview Bridge. Bayview bridge was constructed in 1986, but was not built as a four-lane bridge because of budget cuts, as the cable suspension made it unaffordable to build a four-lane bridge. Other groups claimed that business in the downtown part of Quincy would decline if the Memorial bridge was shut down.

On the Missouri side, U.S. 61 carries the Avenue of the Saints, a four-lane highway connecting Saint Louis to Minneapolis–Saint Paul. The Avenue of the Saints derives its name from Saint Louis and Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Quincy is at the center of four-lane highways in all directions:
The Avenue of the Saints passes just five miles to the west and is four-lane from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.
Illinois Highway 172 is part of the newly designated Route 110/CKC (Chicago–Kansas City Expressway) which offers a less-congested alternative route to these popular Midwest destinations.

Air travel

The Quincy Regional Airport is to Quincy's east, about  outside of the city limits.
Cape Air operates daily flights to Chicago-O'Hare, which is 222 flying miles from Quincy and St. Louis-Lambert, which is 93 miles away. It is the 425th busiest airport in America based on passenger counts. Flight instruction, plane rentals and hangar space are also available at the airport. Longest Runway: 7,098 ft. Width: 150 ft.

Amtrak service

Quincy is an Amtrak community with a railroad station on the north side of town. Two state-supported trains, the Illinois Zephyr and the Carl Sandburg link Quincy with Chicago, Amtrak's main hub, with connections to hundreds of cities across the country. The Illinois Zephyr departs in the morning and arrives in the evening, while the Carl Sandburg arrives mid-day and departs in the late afternoon. Both make the same stops to Chicago's Union Station.

Freight rail service
Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Norfolk Southern offer multiple freight trains daily and Burlington Junction Rail Road offers short line service many sites and development districts.

River access

Quincy is home to the northernmost port on the Mississippi River for 12-month barge traffic. The municipal barge dock currently serves multiple industries in the South Quincy Development District. The Mid America Intermodal Port Commission is working to secure funding for an additional multimillion-dollar intermodal port facility.

Public transit

Quincy Transit Lines provides fixed-route and paratransit bus service throughout Quincy. There are four fixed routes, and each route is split into two branches. Those routes run Monday–Saturday, between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm. During Sundays and holidays, Quincy Transit Lines operates a pared-down version of the fixed-route system that is made up of two routes – the North route and the South route.

Quincy Transit Lines route Route 4 stops near the city's Amtrak station at Wissman Lane/30th Street intersection.

Notable people
Mary Astor, Academy Award-winning actress
Avenue Beat, pop/R&B trio
Zachary Bruenger, racing driver
Bruce Douglas, American professional basketball player
Bruce Edwards, American professional baseball player
William F. Gibbs, Illinois state legislator, farmer, and businessman
Jake Griffin, racing driver
John W. Henry, businessman
Caren Kemner, Olympic volleyball player
Elmo McClain, Illinois state representative and teacher
Isaac S. Moses, rabbi
Fritz Ostermueller, Major League Baseball pitcher
Arthur Pitney, inventor of postage meter and co-founder of Pitney Bowes
Rick Reuschel, Major League Baseball player
Paul Reuschel, Major League Baseball player
Ike Samuels, Major League Baseball player
James B. Stewart, lawyer, journalist and author
William Bushnell Stout, inventor
Michael Swango, serial killer and former physician
Paul Tibbets, pilot who flew the Enola Gay
Augustus Tolton first recognized African-American Roman Catholic priest in the United States
Jonathan Van Ness, hairstylist and member of the Fab Five on Netflix's Queer Eye
Irma Voigt, Dean of Women at Ohio University
Elmer H. Wavering, president of Motorola and inventor of car radio, automotive alternator, and walkie-talkie
John Wood, 12th Governor of Illinois
James Scott, 1993 Natural Disaster

See also

 Potawatomi Trail of Death
 United Express Flight 5925
 List of people from Quincy, Illinois

References

Further reading
 Costigan, David. A city in wartime: Quincy, Illinois and the Civil War (iUniverse, 2021).
 Prinsloo, Oleta, "'The Abolitionist Factory': Northeastern Religion, David Nelson, and the Mission Institute near Quincy, Illinois, 1836–1844," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (Spring 2012), 105#1 36–68.

External links

Quincy Convention & Visitor's Bureau
Great River Economic Development Foundation
Quincy Area Chamber of Commerce
1994 reenactment of Lincoln-Douglas Debate in Quincy televised by C-SPAN (Debate preview and Debate review)

Quincy, Illinois micropolitan area
Cities in Adams County, Illinois
Cities in Illinois
Illinois populated places on the Mississippi River
County seats in Illinois
Quincy–Hannibal area
Significant places in Mormonism
Populated places on the Underground Railroad
Populated places established in 1819
1819 establishments in Illinois

Quincy, Illinois


Destiny: The Taken King is a major expansion for Bungie's first-person shooter, Destiny. Released on September 15, 2015, as the third expansion of Destiny, it revolves around Oryx, The Taken King and his plot for revenge after players slew his son Crota in Destinys first downloadable content (DLC) pack, The Dark Below. Players must face the "Taken", Oryx's army of corrupted aliens forced to fight for him. The Taken King adds content across the game, including new missions, a Player versus Environment location, Player versus Player maps, player gear, weaponry, and a new raid. Upon the expansion's release, retailers also issued Destiny: The Taken King Legendary Edition which includes Destiny (base game), The Taken King, and the previous two expansions, The Dark Below and House of Wolves.

Two days after its release, Sony announced that the game broke the record for the most downloaded day-one game in PlayStation history, in terms of both total players and peak online concurrency. Its release coincided with patch version 2.0 for Destiny, which made fundamental changes to the core functionality for all players to mark the start of "Year Two" of its lifecycle, including a new quest system and revisions to the game's leveling system among others. Through the development of The Taken King, Bungie sought to address criticisms from players and critics; many changes to the game were direct responses to this.

The Taken King and its associated patch received positive critical reception, with reviewers citing the more coherent storyline of the content contained within, as well as other changes across Destiny as a whole that improved its overall systems and gameplay mechanics.

Gameplay

In comparison to the previous two expansions of Destiny, The Taken King features a "full campaign", three new multiplayer "strike" missions, and seven new Crucible maps. Three new Crucible modes were also added, "Rift"—a capture the flag-like mode, "Mayhem"—which greatly lowers cooldown times for abilities, and "Zone Control"—a modified version of Control where points are awarded only for capturing and maintaining control of zones.

The expansion introduces a new faction of enemies, the titular Taken—the slaves of Oryx. Taken enemies are variations of the existing enemies seen in other parts of the game as a whole, but have a darker, undead-like appearance, and have new abilities and attacks. The Dreadnaught, a Hive ship situated within the rings of Saturn, serves as a new playable environment in The Taken King; Bungie described the location as being "an inscrutable loot-filled fortress", emphasizing secret treasures and bosses contained within. At the Dreadnaught's Court of Oryx, players can use special runes to summon enemies for public battles; defeating its enemies requires the use of distinct strategies. All participants in Court of Oryx battles receive rewards, but the player who initiated the battle will receive higher-valued rewards. The runes correspond to three difficulty levels, ranging from easier fights to "just below Nightfall". A new raid mission, "King's Fall", was opened on September 18, 2015 at its lower difficulty; the hard version became available on October 23, 2015. Beginning December 1, 2015, the raid also contains a weekly bonus challenge, in which defeating one of the bosses in a specific, specified manner will yield additional rewards.

Each of the three character classes feature a new, third sub-class. Each focuses on an element that had not been represented among each class's preexisting sub-classes, and features a new super ability. The Hunter class's new Void-based sub-class "Nightstalker" includes a bow-like super known as the "Shadowshot" that tethers enemies together, limiting movement and preventing enemies from using abilities for a short time. The Titan's "Sunbreaker" sub-class features a solar-based super, the "Hammer of Sol", creating a flaming hammer that can be thrown at enemies, or used for close-quarters combat. The Warlock's new sub-class, the arc-based "Stormcaller" includes the super "Stormtrance", which produces lightning bolts that chains between enemies.

The new "Legendary Mark" currency replaces Vanguard and Crucible marks, and are shared across all of a user's characters. Legendary Marks can be used to re-purchase exotic items that had already been found by a user, along with upgraded versions of some pre-existing exotics, through the new "Exotic Blueprints" system (although this also requires Exotic shards), and engrams that are guaranteed to contain a legendary weapon. Upgrades for Year Two items no longer increase their statistics; instead, Legendary gear can be "infused" with higher-levelled Year 2 items of the same type to improve their stats.

Patch changes
Major changes were made to the core gameplay of Destiny as part of the version 2.0 patch released on September 8, 2015; some of these changes are available to all users, regardless of whether they own The Taken King. The voice of the player's Ghost, Peter Dinklage, was replaced by Nolan North; all of Dinklage's existing Ghost dialogue from Year One was retroactively replaced with new versions recorded by North. A new "Progress" tab was added to the user menu, which displays character progression through storylines—which have been reworked to utilize a new "Quest" system, as well as currently active bounties and faction reputation. Up to four active bounties and quests can be pinned to be displayed on the bottom-right of the screen when Nav Mode is used. Players can turn in quests and bounties at any time, and up to 32 quests and 16 bounties can be stored in their inventory. All existing storylines were adapted to work under this new system. New "Collections" interfaces allow players to track the exotic items, emblems, shaders, emotes, sparrows, and ships that they have found, and view clues for obtaining those they do not currently possess.

Prior to The Taken King, experience points were only used to reach up to character level 20, but additional levels (up to 34 with the previous DLC, House of Wolves) could be reached by equipping stronger armor containing "Light" attributes. This was criticized because it limited the customization options of the players. These "light levels" have been removed, with experience-based leveling used across the entire game, up to level 40 for owners of The Taken King. A separate "Light" statistic is determined by averaging the strength and power of the character's equipped gear. Newer weapons and some Year One exotics are capable of higher damage than existing Year One weapons; damage values on all existing weapons were scaled down numerically from 365 to 170, with higher values representing weapons that are more powerful than those from Year One. The highest obtainable light level was 320; the April Update increased it to 335. but then later it was increased to 400.

Class items, newly introduced Ghost shells for all players, and Artifacts are able to provide additional boosts to a player's abilities. The process of earning reputation from other factions has changed; previously, players were required to equip a specific item which would exclusively divert all reputation gains to the corresponding faction. Instead, players now purchase a "faction badge", which awards reputation for the chosen faction in addition to standard Vanguard or Crucible reputation. Players can change their faction once per-week. The Gunsmith NPC now offers reputation for the completion of weapon field testing bounties, which allow the ability to purchase a weekly Legendary weapon from his "Foundry Orders". A mercy rule and matchmaking improvements were added to the Crucible. Players' vaults can now also hold up to 72 armor pieces and 72 weapons.

As well, other changes were made across Destiny, including weapon and perk balancing, and minor user interface changes.

Plot

The Taken King focuses on Oryx whose son Crota was the antagonist of Destinys first DLC, The Dark Below. In revenge for the Guardians' defeat of Crota nearly a year prior, Oryx sent his Taken, Hive warriors altered by the Darkness, throughout the solar system and they subsequently converted many Vex, Cabal, Fallen, and other Hive to become Taken as well. This allowed him to acquire an overwhelming army to enact his vengeance.

The story begins with Oryx bringing his Dreadnaught and armada to the Solar System, where the Awoken, led by Queen Mara Sov, ambush him. A struggle ensues and the Awoken appear to have the upper hand, however, this ends with the Awoken fleet being destroyed and the apparent deaths of Queen Mara Sov and Prince Uldren Sov. However, much of Oryx's fleet is also destroyed, stalling his advance. The destruction of the Awoken fleet disturbs Eris Morn, a former Guardian who lost her fireteam at the hands of Oryx's son. With the guidance of Ghost, the Guardian is sent to investigate a Cabal distress signal on Phobos, but is ambushed and forced to evacuate, where it is revealed to the Guardian that Oryx has corrupted the Cabal in order to make his Taken army. In the Last City, the Vanguard discuss the attack and the Awoken, until Eris Morn interrupts and tells the Vanguard of Oryx's intentions. The Guardian is then sent to obtain a new power to combat this new enemy: Titans are sent to Mercury to find a rogue clan of Titans known as the Sunbreakers; Warlocks must perform a Stormcaller ritual within a lightning storm on Mars; Hunters must find Cayde-6's old friend named Tevis, a Nightstalker Hunter, in the Black Garden.

Cayde-6 then sends the Guardian to search his secret stash in the Russian Cosmodrome for a stealth drive to infiltrate Oryx's ship with. He convinces the Tower's shipwright, Amanda Holliday, to attach it to Eris's ship, as it has the scent of the Hive from her many years spent on the Moon. The Guardian uses Eris's modified ship to attempt to infiltrate the Dreadnaught, but is spotted. The Dreadnaught's main weapon is fired, destroying Eris's ship. Narrowly escaping death by teleporting out of the ship and onto the Dreadnaught, the Guardian and Ghost explores and disables the weapon. The Guardian also discovers that the Cabal have also boarded the Dreadnaught by ramming one of their warships into it and plan to destroy the ship. In order to reach Oryx, the Guardian must steal what remains of Crota's soul from his tomb on the Moon so that they can pass through a portal on the Dreadnaught called a Rupture. The Guardian is able to get cloaking tech from the Warmind Rasputin to sneak into Crota's tomb, and successfully recovers Crota's soul with help from Eris when the cloaking tech fails. The Guardian infiltrates the Dreadnaught and is able to pass through the Rupture, and after fighting Oryx's guards, the Guardian reaches Oryx. After defeating him, Oryx draws the Light that was gathered in his sword and vanishes. The mid-credits scene shows Eris Morn touching Oryx's sword and then watches it crumble, taking the crystal that was inside of it.

After returning to the Tower, the Guardian engages further in the Taken War, and is tasked by the Vanguard of the Tower, as well as Petra and Variks of the Vestian Outpost to eliminate remaining Taken threats across the Solar System. Although it was believed that Oryx was destroyed, he in fact survived. A Guardian fireteam is assembled to storm Oryx's Dreadnaught, where he can be permanently killed ("King's Fall" raid). The Guardians battle the Warpriest, Oryx's loyal general, Golgoroth, his beloved pet, and his daughters, Ir Anûk and Ir Halak, who are his chief scientists and lieutenants. The raid culminates in a showdown with Oryx himself, who wields the power of Darkness against the Guardians. The Guardians kill Oryx and send his decaying body hurtling towards Saturn. Eris Morn then constructs a rifle using Oryx's tainted heart, as well as a collection of elemental blades imbued with the core of his prized sword to aid the Guardians in their continued war against the Taken.

Sometime following the aftermath of Oryx's defeat, a Taken prince called Malok, Pride of Oryx, arose to try and claim the throne as the new Taken King. Learning of this new threat, Variks tasks the Guardian with hunting down Malok on the Dreadnaught, with the intent of having him imprisoned in the Prison of Elders. Finding Malok and after the ensuing battle, Malok flees, forcing the Guardian to find clues to the prince's new whereabouts. Tracking him down to the Shrine of Oryx on the Moon, Eris tasks the Guardian with destroying Malok, instead of capturing him for Variks, believing it best for him to be eliminated, to which the Guardian does.

Development
The development of The Taken King aimed to continue addressing criticisms surrounding Destiny and its previous expansions by critics and players; executive producer Mark Noseworthy stated that Bungie had analyzed "about what people want to do, what they're enjoying, what they're not liking", and used this information to influence its content. Destiny had historically been panned by critics for its repetitive mission structure and disjointed narrative—a side effect of having changed the initial story late in original development. Noseworthy stated that Bungie was "definitely trying to improve the storytelling" of Destiny, and that with The Taken King, their goal was to "deliver a story that players can really sink their teeth into. The Taken King's a villain, a bad guy that you see and understand, and his motivations and what he's doing. You're trying to stop. You understand the steps you're taking to get there, to defeat him. We're definitely trying to improve the storytelling in the game."

Changes were made to other areas as well; strike designer James Tsai explained that the strike missions in The Taken King were designed to be less "static" and have "personality", emphasizing dynamic elements such as enemy types and placements, dialogue, and the ability to earn exclusive gear. The new raid mission, "King's Fall", was described by creative director Luke Smith as being "our biggest raid to date – in terms of encounters, of spaces, of the conclusion. It is our most epic finale". Unlike the previous raids, "King's Fall" was designed at its harder difficulty level first, and then scaled down for its easier mode, rather than vice versa. Lead designer Gavin Irby explained that the harder version would not only have higher-leveled enemies, but additional mechanics that must be dealt with. On November 26, 2015, Bungie announced that it would add new weekly bonus challenges to King's Fall in early-December, in which one of its boss fights will have an additional objective that will reward bonus items if met.

Release
The Taken King is available as paid downloadable content to owners of Destiny and its two existing expansions, The Dark Below and House of Wolves, and is priced at US$40—double the price of the previous two expansions individually. Bungie community manager  Eric "Urk" Osborne justified the increased price, owing to the amount of content in The Taken King and the quality of its presentation. Players who purchase The Taken King receive an item called Spark of Light, which will boost one new character to level 25, the minimum level needed to play The Taken King content. Due to the ways and means that The Taken King content is dispersed throughout the game, players who do not purchase the expansion experience a loss of in-game content availability, including the removal of higher level Strike playlists (including the weekly Heroic and Nightfall-level Strike modes; only a single, Level 20 "classic" playlist remains available), and mode-based Crucible playlists (only 3-on-3 and 6-on-6 playlists using existing maps are available). The core story content is still available to those who do not own The Taken King.

The Taken King is also available as part of a new SKU of Destiny known as the "Legendary Edition", which features the game and all downloadable content up to and including The Taken King. A limited "Collector's Edition" is exclusive to GameStop and includes additional memorabilia, such as a collection of artwork and a replica Strange Coin, a SteelBook case, and additional in-game items (three armor shaders, and an exotic class item and emote for each class). The items from the "Collector's Edition" will be available separately as an additional paid DLC for those who do not purchase the limited editions. A Digital Collector's Edition is also available, which includes the content of the "Legendary Edition" and the additional in-game items. Existing players who owned the previous two expansions and had a character of at least level 30 received additional commemorative items. A 500 GB white PlayStation 4 bundle with Destiny-themed artwork, and a voucher for the Digital Collector's Edition, is also available.

Per an ongoing exclusivity agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment, certain content in The Taken King was exclusive to PlayStation platforms until October 2017, which included a strike ("Echo Chamber"), a Crucible map ("Sector 618"), an exotic scout rifle ("The Jade Rabbit"), and a legendary gear set for each class: Hesperos (Titan), Azoth Bend (Warlock), and Neuroghast (Hunter). The periodical Iron Banner Crucible mode also featured timed-exclusive gear for PlayStation platforms. Although originally listed as being exclusive until "at least Fall 2016", it was reported in August 2016 that the exclusivity period for The Taken King content had been silently extended by an additional year.

Post-release content

For Year Two following the release of The Taken King, senior designer Derek Carroll explained that the studio wanted to shift towards an "event-based model" with "surprises" for players, available to all owners of The Taken King at no additional charge, as opposed to a timed roadmap, as had previously been speculated. Marketing director Eric Osborne further clarified its plans for "Year Two", stating that it would not consist solely of time-limited events as had been implied by others, but new "events, activities, content, and features", as well as an event planned for early 2016 that will be "far larger than anything you've seen since the release of The Taken King". On February 11, 2016, Bungie confirmed that a new, large expansion will release sometime in 2016, as well as an increase to the light level in the upcoming spring update. A full sequel to Destiny was also confirmed for 2017.

On October 5, 2015, Bungie announced the addition of a microtransaction-based cash shop, the "Eververse Trading Company", which allows players to purchase premium cosmetic items (such as special emote animations) with a paid currency known as Silver. The company stated that this cash shop this would "bolster the service provided by our live team for another full year".

The PvP events Iron Banner and Trials of Osiris also returned that month, with changes. In Iron Banner, drop rates for the mode's exclusive gear as end-of-match rewards were modified (although due to an unpatched bug, the first Iron Banner event held after the release of The Taken King did not have such drop rates), reputation bonuses are no-longer opt-in and steadily increase on each day of the event, and three "weekly" Iron Banner bounties reward Legendary Marks. In Trials of Osiris, winning teams now receive their reward packages immediately after they reach their respective win milestones, and matchmaking will prioritize teams with similar win totals.

In late-October 2015, a Halloween-themed "Festival of the Lost" event was held, introducing cosmetic mask items, associated quests, and the introduction of the new Crucible map Cathedral of Dusk. On December 5, 2015, Bungie announced the Sparrow Racing League event as part of the version 2.1 patch—which introduced a racing minigame utilizing the game's Sparrow vehicles, associated quests and bounties provided by NPC Amanda Holliday, and the possibility of earning exclusive items at a high SRL reputation level. SRL ran from December 8, 2015 to December 29, 2015. Both the Festival of the Lost and SRL events incorporated microtransactions for purchasing themed cosmetic items, such as special emotes, cosmetic items (such as the aforementioned masks, and vehicle horns and racing suit items respectively), and the SRL Record Book, which offered bonus cosmetic items for completing its exclusive objectives.

On December 15, 2015, it was discovered that Activision had begun to sell paid level boosting packs to automatically scale a single character to level 25, as well as award a temporary statistic boost and "Telemetry" items to assist in further levelling. These purchases mark the first instances of non-cosmetic microtransaction purchases in Destiny.

On January 27, 2016, within that week's Iron Banner event (which, for the first time, was played in Rift mode), Bungie began to experiment with modified matchmaking procedures for multiplayer games which include connection quality as a factor. A Valentine's Day-themed event called "Crimson Days" ran from February 9 to 16, 2016; the event focused on a new PvP mode known as "Crimson Doubles"—a best of five, two-on-two variation of Elimination mode where players received stat bonuses if their partner was killed. New bounties and exclusive items were offered, and new emotes (including a fist pump and a dance inspired by the music video for the song "Hotline Bling") were also added to the Eververse Trading Company.

The version 2.1.1 update launched alongside the event, which introduced a number of PvP-oriented changes. New "Freelancer" playlists were added to Crucible, offering assorted games with 3-on-3 (Elimination, Salvage, Skirmish) and 6-on-6 (Clash, Control, and Rift) modes respectively, which can only be joined by players that are not in a party. These playlists are intended to provide more "balanced" gameplay, as opponents cannot join in coordinated fireteams. Connection-based matchmaking was expanded into the Control, Rumble, Skirmish, and Trials of Osiris (Elimination) modes. Additionally, players will no longer spawn holding special weapons ammunition in 3-on-3 modes, and there will also be changes to "give you a better experience in the Crucible when there are Internet problems outside of your control".

April Update
Update 2.2.0, referred to as the "April Update", was released on April 12, 2016; the update focuses primarily on the Prison of Elders PvE arena, introducing a new Level 41-difficulty mode, and a new level 42 "Challenge" mode, in which players score points based on their performance across several bosses for a chance to earn high-level gear. The Light level cap was raised to 335; King's Fall, Court of Oryx, Trials of Osiris, Iron Banner, Crucible Weekly matches, the Weekly Nightfall Strike, and the Vanguard Heroic Playlist activities were modified to give out higher-level gear that meets the new cap, in addition to Prison of Elders. The "Winter's Run" strike of the original game was updated to have a higher difficulty and Taken enemies. Faction reputation gains were increased, and new armor and weapons were added, including the addition of a new gear feature called Chroma, which allows gear with this feature to be trimmed in a glow of one of four colors. Players' vault space was increased to be able to hold up to 108 weapons, 108 armor pieces, and 72 miscellaneous items. The update also includes a new quest storyline led by Variks, which culminates in the new "Blighted Chalice" strike where players must defeat Malok, a Taken prince attempting a rise to power in the aftermath of Oryx's defeat. PlayStation platforms also have access to an exclusive quest line, an exotic sniper rifle ("Zen Meteor"), and a legendary gear set for each class: Barkhan Dune I (Warlock), Long Tomorrow 9G (Hunter), and Jovian Guard (Titan).

Reception

The Taken King received critical acclaim. IGN praised the variety of changes across Destiny, as well as the revised direction of the game seen with the expansion, such as an increased focus on characterization and a storyline with clear goals and narrative. The new enemies and bosses of The Taken King were also praised for requiring players to build strategies around their unique behaviors, while the bosses themselves were lauded as being "memorable, complex, and nothing like the big bullet sponges we fought last year." In conclusion, giving the expansion a 9 out of 10, The Taken King was dubbed "an awesome upgrade that's addressed most of my biggest problems with Destiny over the past year. The rewarding loot system, fun enemies, new subclasses, and many quests have kept me busy long after the strong story missions ended."

Game Informer was similarly positive, acknowledging the more dynamic strike formats, the campaign being a "fun and coherent romp that finally gives the characters of the world personality", the various secrets within the Dreadnaught area, among other changes. In conclusion, it was felt that "the improvements to the user interface and quest system alone make the game so much more playable, but they quickly fade to the background once you dig into the content. The game is not without some minor annoyances, but the good far outweighs the bad. You couldn't pick a better time to try Destiny if you haven't yet. The Taken King is a testament to Bungie's craftsmanship and its ability to listen to the feedback from the players who both loved and hated year one."

Sales
Two days after its release, Sony announced that The Taken King had broken the record for the most-downloaded day-one game in PlayStation history, in terms of both total players and peak online concurrency.

Awards

References
Note

Footnote

External links

2015 video games
Action role-playing video games
Activision games
Bungie games
Destiny (video game series)
Fiction set on Phobos (moon)
First-person shooters
Looter shooters
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Destiny: The Taken King


FRHI Hotels & Resorts (previously known as Fairmont Raffles Hotels International) is a global hotel management company that is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. FRHI is the parent company that manages three brands of hotels: Fairmont, Raffles and Swissôtel. These hotel chains collectively include more than 100 hotels and resorts in over 30 countries worldwide. Since 2016, the company has been owned by AccorHotels, a French multinational hotel firm.

History
FRHI was formed in January 2006, when Colony Capital and Kingdom Holding Company entered into a joint venture. Through that partnership, the two groups acquired Fairmont Hotels and Resorts and combined Fairmont's business with Colony Capital's Raffles Hotels International, which was the parent of the Raffles and Swissôtel brands.

The company also owned Delta Hotels at one point, but it sold that hotel management company in October 2007 to bcIMC, a Crown corporation owned by the Government of British Columbia. In 2015, Delta Hotels was purchased by Marriott International.

Voyager Partners, a Qatari Diar affiliate, subsequently acquired a majority interest in FRHI in April 2010. In December 2015, AccorHotels announced that it would be purchasing FRHI in a US$2.9 billion deal, which was completed in 2016.

Previous history of Raffles Hotels

Established in 1989 to oversee the restoration of the historic Raffles Hotel in Singapore and the restructuring of Raffles City, the Raffles hotel company reopened its flagship hotel on September 16, 1991.

The company purchased the Swissôtel chain in 2001, and it took over the then Westin Stamford and Westin Plaza (both in Singapore) as the contract expired at the end of the year. On January 1, 2002, the two hotels were renamed as Swissôtel The Stamford and Raffles The Plaza (now Fairmont Singapore) respectively, with a refurbished look.

Former owner Raffles Holdings announced the sale of the chain on July 18, 2005, to Colony Capital from October 1, 2005. The sale included its 41 hotels and resorts, and its hotels under development. This included the landmark Raffles Hotel in Singapore, which is on a 100-year lease to Colony Capital. However, Raffles City was owned by Raffles Holdings under Tincel Properties Pte Ltd when it was sold, but it was eventually sold to CapitaCommercial Trust and CapitaMall Trust in July 2006.

References

External links

2016 mergers and acquisitions
Accor
Canadian companies established in 2006
Canadian subsidiaries of foreign companies
Companies based in Toronto
Hotel and leisure companies of Canada
Multinational companies headquartered in Canada

FRHI Hotels & Resorts


Andrea da Bologna was a follower of Vitale. A painting by him, representing 'The Virgin and Child,' signed De Bononia natus, Andreas fatus a.d. MCCCLXXII, is in the church Del Sacramento at Pansola, near Macerata. Another example of this painter is in a convent at Fermo, but Bologna does not possess any work by him.
First documented in 1359 for an important commission as a book illuminator, Andrea must have, by that date, already been well advanced in his career; His patron was none less than the brother of Cardinal Egidio Albornoz (ca. 1310 - 1367), a leading figure in the political and cultural life of Bologna. This favour must have continued for, in 1368, the artist executed the decoration in the Chapel of Saint Catherine in the Lower Church at Assisi where the Cardinal was buried. It is on the basis of these still extant frescoes and those in the nearby Chapel of St. Lawrence, that modern criticism has been able to reconstruct the artistic profile of this painter. The corpus of the artist is mostly constructed of frescoes. Among the works on panel ascribed to Andrea is an altarpiece pinnacle with the figure of St. Mark, in a private collection in Ascoli Piceno.

References

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Trecento painters
14th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters

Andrea da Bologna


Girl Scout cookies are cookies that the Girl Scouts of the USA sell. They come in many different flavors. Buying Girl Scout Cookies helps the Girl Scouts out because it gives them money as well as helps teach them important lessons in life.

Cookies

Girl Scout cookie


Willem Johan Cornelis, Ridder Huijssen van Kattendijke (22 January 1816 – 6 February 1866) was a career officer of the Royal Dutch Navy and a politician. As an officer, he reached the rank of Commander. He was Dutch Naval Minister from 1861 to 1866, and interim Dutch Foreign Minister in 1864.

Biography
van Kattendijke was born in Princenhage, Netherlands, as the son of Jan Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke, foreign minister of the Netherlands from 1841 to 1843. He entered the Royal Dutch Navy, becoming a midshipman in 1831, and attended the KIM (Royal Naval Institute) in Medemblik from 1831 to 1839. He became a lieutenant 2nd class in 1839 and served on various vessels until 1842. From 1842 to 1846, he was adjutant to the Director-General of the Navy, and aide to the Minister of the Navy from 1846 to 1849, and as an aide to King William III of the Netherlands from 1846 to 1851. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander 1st class in January 1851.

In 1859, van Kattendijke replaced Pels Rijcken as commandant of the Nagasaki Naval Training Center, teaching the principles of a modern naval science (navigation, cannonry, ship-handling) to samurai including Katsu Kaishu. He arrived as captain of the Kanrin Maru, a steam warship that had been purchased by the ruling Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.

He was promoted to commander on 1 May 1858. On the closure of Nagasaki Naval Training Center in 1859, he returned to the Netherlands.
From 14 March 1861 until 6 February 1866 he was Navy Minister for the Netherlands, first in the cabinet of Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt and then in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Johan Rudolph Thorbecke. In the latter he also served as interim Foreign Minister from 2 January 1864 to 15 March 1864. He died in The Hague as Navy Minister at the age of 50.

Honors and decorations
  - Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion

References
Parliamentarian Documentation Center, University of Leiden

Notes

Missions to Japan

See also

1816 births
1866 deaths
Royal Netherlands Navy officers
Dutch nobility
Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands
Ministers of the Navy of the Netherlands
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
Military personnel from The Hague
Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Dutch expatriates in Japan
Politicians from The Hague

Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke


Answerbag was a website where people submit questions and give answers to user-submitted questions. It was started in 2003, and cancelled on 15 December 2015.

Question submissions varied widely; from the mundane and everyday to questions about rare things a few people may be curious about. Registration was free.

Other websites
Answerbag - Inquire Within

Websites
2003 establishments
2015 disestablishments

Answerbag


Everett Greenbaum (December 20, 1919 – July 11, 1999) was an American television and film writer and actor who contributed to such shows as The Andy Griffith Show (24 Episodes), M*A*S*H (35 Episodes), Love American Style, The Real McCoys (32 Episodes), Sanford and Son, and The George Gobel Show. Greenbaum was a co-writer with Jim Fritzell of Mister Peepers an important early television show created by David Swift and starring Wally Cox. He wrote the Hollywood feature film Good Neighbor Sam, as well as a series of films starring Don Knotts that included The Shakiest Gun in the West, The Reluctant Astronaut, and The Ghost and Mr. Chicken.

Life and career
Born and raised in Buffalo, New York, Greenbaum studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Sorbonne in Paris. Following service as a Navy pilot during World War II, Greenbaum moved to New York City to try his luck as a writer. He began work in radio as writer, producer and star of "Greenbaum's Gallery". He also wrote continuity for a radio series starring the Canadian folk singer Oscar Brand.

In the mid 1950s, Greenbaum teamed with Jim Fritzell and collaborated on scripts for the TV series Mister Peepers (1952), a stylish sitcom starring Wally Cox as a timid small-town science teacher; it also gave Tony Randall his first important role. When the series was cancelled, NBC-TV received over 10,000 letters of protest. A month later Mr. Peepers returned, running for three years and winning a Peabody Award.

In a 32-year partnership, Greenbaum and Fritzell also won three Writers' Guild awards and four Emmy nominations, and collaborated on more than 150 scripts. These included the Walter Brennan sitcom The Real McCoys (1957–62), The Andy Griffith Show (1960–68) and M*A*S*H, on which they worked for five years, contributing 35 episodes. On his own, Greenbaum wrote two books, including the memoir The Goldenberg Who Couldn't Dance, and 'The Tenth Life of Osiris Oaks' (with Wally Cox), and worked on The George Gobel Show. He also acted in brief roles on Mr. Peeper's (recurring), Griffith's Matlock (recurring), and  series and other programs.

Greenbaum died at the age of 79 in Los Angeles, California; he was survived by his wife Deane, and a daughter, Billie Shane (Greenbaum). In a book published the year of Greenbaum's death, Don Knotts recalled of him, "Everett would come up with lines right out of the blue that would knock you off your seat. He also had an infectious cackle that was familiar to all his friends, and he had a multitude of friends."

Filmography

References

External links

Interview TV Academy Interview of Everett Greenbaum
Ken Levine Article of Greenbaum and Jim Fritzell
 Everett Greenbaum, 79, writer, (Deathwatch) Obituary article, by Slick.org, July 14, 1999, accessed May 27, 2013.

1919 births
1999 deaths
American male screenwriters
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy officers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
American television writers
Writers from Buffalo, New York
American male television writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
Writers Guild of America Award winners

Everett Greenbaum


Book of Love is a 1990 American romantic comedy film directed by New Line Cinema founder Robert Shaye. It is based on the autobiographical novel Jack in the Box by William Kotzwinkle (the novel's name was changed to Book of Love during this film's original release).

The film was originally PG-13, but subsequent DVD releases have been the R-rated Director's Cut (R for sexual content and language). It stars Chris Young, Keith Coogan, and John Cameron Mitchell.

Plot

Jack Twiller (Michael McKean) gets greetings from a long-gone high-school girlfriend. This makes him open his school's yearbook - his "Book of Love". He remembers the old times, way back in the 1950s, when he was in his last year of high school (Chris Young) and his family just moved to the town. He hung out with geeky Paul Kane and tried to get the attention of Lily (Josie Bissett), who unfortunately was together with bully Angelo (Beau Dremann). He also finds himself attracted to Angelo's feisty sister Gina (Tricia Leigh Fisher).

Cast
 Michael McKean as Adult Jack Twiller
 Chris Young as Jack Twiller
 Tricia Leigh Fisher as Gina
 Keith Coogan as Crutch Kane
 John Cameron Mitchell as Floyd
 Josie Bissett as Lily
 Danny Nucci as Spider Bomboni
 Lin Shaye as Mrs. Flynn
 Beau Dremann as Angelo
 Ken Wahl as Angelo friend
 Brent David Fraser as Meatball
 Jill Jaress as Mrs. Kitty Twiller
 John Achom as Mr. Joe Twiller
 Brian Evans as Schank

Created brother
In the book Jack in the Box, Jack Twiller's experiences are followed from elementary school to high school, while in his screenplay, William Kotzwinkle creates a younger brother, dividing these experiences between two separate characters.

Filming locations
 Glendale, California
 Los Angeles, California
 Santa Monica, California
 South Pasadena, California

Soundtrack
There was an original soundtrack released on January 16, 1991, but now it is very rare.

 "Book of Love" - Ben E King & Bo Diddley ft. Doug Lazy
 "The Great Pretender" - The Platters
 "Fools Fall in Love" - The Drifters
 "The Fool" - Sanford Clark
 "Little Darlin'" - The Diamonds
 "Sincerely" - The Moonglows
 "Come Back My Love" - The Cardinals
 "Hearts of Stone" - The Fontane Sisters
 "What Can I Do" - Donnie Elbert
 "Rip It Up" - Little Richard
 "When Johnny Comes Marching Home"
 "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Theme"
 "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" - Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers
 "School Days" - Chuck Berry
 "Let the Good Times Roll" - Shirley & Lee

According to the end credits of the movie, these songs were also used:
 1 Bourbon, 1 Scotch, 1 Beer (John Lee Hooker)
 Earth Angel (The Penguins)
 Be-Bop-a-Lula (Gene Vincent)
 Rocket 88 (Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats)
 Hold me, thrill me, kiss me (performed by prom band)
 See ya later Alligator (performed by prom band)
 Graduation Day (The Four Freshmen)
 How can I tell her? (The Four Freshmen)

Reception
For his performance in this film, John Cameron Mitchell was nominated for one Chicago Film Critics Association Awards in the category of "Most Promising Actor".

Rita Kempley from The Washington Post wrote: "'Book of Love' is a mild-mannered foray into the '50s, a modest coming of age comedy that is as thickly nostalgic as a yearbook. Though not strictly a trip back in time, it is a kind of "Peggy Sue Got Married" for the fellows, a chance to hum some old music and recall one's raging hormones." Peter Travers from Rolling Stone magazine panned the film, stating: "What the world needs now is a lot of things, but I suspect that one of them is not another movie about growing up in the Fifties...William Kotzwinkle, author of the acclaimed novelization of "E.T.," adapted this script from his book "Jack in the Box." But the film's virtues are, at best, modest. For Kotzwinkle and Robert Shaye — the New Line studio chief who is making a sincere but inauspicious debut as a director — the Fifties strike a personal chord".

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has 3 reviews, 2 positive, 1 negative.

References

External links

1990 films
1990 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
1990s English-language films
Films scored by Stanley Clarke
Films based on American novels
Films set in the 1950s
Films shot in California
Films shot in Los Angeles
New Line Cinema films
Films directed by Robert Shaye
Teen sex comedy films
1991 comedy films
1991 films
1990s American films

Book of Love (1990 film)


An Engineer Officer is one type of officer in the UK Royal Navy. There are also Warfare Officers and Logistics Officers (formerly called Supply Officers) supported by additional branches such as Medical or Dental Officers, or the Chaplaincy Service.

Engineer Officers are responsible for the material condition of the various aspects of maritime platforms: Ships, Submarines and Naval Aircraft and as such lead teams of naval ratings to conduct preventive and corrective maintenance. Engineer Officers are responsible to the Captain for the operational capability of the platform and as such form part of the Command Team. Engineers are also widely employed in the Defence Equipment and Support and in the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, supporting the Fleet or other elements of the British Armed Forces.

Specialisations
Four sub-branches of Engineer exist:

Marine Engineer
Marine Engineer Officers are responsible for the fabric of the ship or submarine, including its propulsion and steering systems, hotel and domestic services and damage control/ fire fighting equipment.

Weapon Engineer
Weapon Engineer Officers are responsible for the performance of onboard weapons, sensors, combat systems and communications systems.
you must have a technical mind and an interest in electronics for this position.

Air Engineer
Air Engineers are responsible for the performance of fixed and rotary wing aircraft afloat and ashore.

Training Management
Training Management Officers are responsible for the management of training activities across the Royal Navy. Formed from the Instructor Officer branch, the role is predominantly a Human Capital function. However the position within the Engineer Branch reflects the high volume of engineering training carried out by the Royal Navy, with many Training Management Officers employed at  and .

Training
Engineer Officers entering the Royal Navy are required to be graduates with a suitably numerate degree, however some may have been sponsored with the Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme at University of Portsmouth, Aston University, University of Birmingham, Loughborough University, Northumbria University, University of Newcastle upon Tyne or University of Southampton. Senior Ratings of the appropriate sub-specialisation may also be commissioned as Engineer Officers on the Senior Upper Yardman Scheme.

New Entry training is undertaken at Britannia Royal Naval College where the courses vary slightly for new entry and SUY cadets. New Entry officers then undergo Common Fleet Time (4 months) where they learn the ropes in an operational warship using a syllabus common to all Officer specialisations; completing the Fleet Board to be permitted to continue to further training of Specialist Fleet Time attached to the department appropriate to their sub-specialisation. SUY Officers proceed directly to their specialist training waiving Fleet Time on the basis of their proven experience.

Engineer Officers then undergo further training appropriate to their sub-specialisation. Weapon Engineers and Information Systems Engineers at , Marine Engineers and Aircraft Engineers at  and Training Managers at HMS Nelson. Training is structured and accredited by a number of professional bodies leading to the potential award of Chartered Engineer status.

External links
Royal Navy Career Guide

Engineering education in the United Kingdom
Royal Navy specialisms

Engineer Officer (Royal Navy)