Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1892 was the cricket season when the English club Derbyshire had been playing for twenty one years. Derbyshire's matches were not considered to be first class in this season. The club had lost first class status after 1887 and did not regain it until 1894, the year before they joined the County Championship. However many of the players competed for the club earlier or subsequently at first-class level.

1892 season

Derbyshire played thirteen games, and all except for Cheshire were against sides that they had played in first class matches before 1888 or that joined the County Championship four years later. Sydney Evershed was in his second year as captain. Harry Bagshaw was top scorer. George Davidson scored a century and  topped the bowling with 91 wickets. Derbyshire played an interesting turn-around match against Leicestershire. Derbyshire had to follow on at 100 behind and made 423 in the second innings with centuries by Evershed and Davidson. Leicestershire were all out for 98 with Hulme taking five wickets for three runs.

Chatterton played one Test match for England against South Africa earlier in the year. He also played several first class matches during the season, mainly for MCC or Players v Gentlemen. Davidson also played first class matches for MCC.

Matches

Statistics

Batting averages

Bowling averages

Wicket Keeper

W Storer Catches 13, Stumping 6

See also
Derbyshire County Cricket Club seasons
1892 English cricket season

References

1892 in English cricket
Derbyshire County Cricket Club seasons
English cricket seasons in the 19th century

Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1892


Wolfgang Smith (born February 18, 1930 in Vienna, Austria) is a mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science, metaphysician, Roman Catholic and member of the Traditionalist School. He has written extensively in the field of differential geometry, as a critic of scientism and as a proponent of a new interpretation of quantum mechanics that draws heavily from premodern ontology and realism.

Biography
Smith graduated in 1948 from Cornell University with baccalaureate degrees in philosophy, physics, and mathematics. Two years later he obtained his M.S. in physics from Purdue University and, some time later, a Ph.D. in mathematics from Columbia University.

He worked as an aerodynamicist at Bell Aircraft Corporation, and while there researched and published on the problem of atmospheric reentry. He was a mathematics professor at MIT, UCLA and Oregon State University, doing research in the field of differential geometry and publishing in academic journals such as the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Journal of Mathematics, and others. He retired from academic life in 1992.

In parallel with his academic duties, he developed and still develops philosophical inquiries in the fields of metaphysics and the philosophy of science, publishing in specialized journals such as The Thomist, Sacred Web: A Journal of Tradition and Modernity, and Sophia: The Journal of Traditional Studies.

Philosophical work
Smith is a member of the Traditionalist School of metaphysics, having contributed extensively to its criticism of modernity while exploring the philosophical underpinnings of the scientific method and emphasizing the idea of bringing science back into a Platonist and Aristotelian framework of traditional ontological realism.

Identifying with Alfred North Whitehead's critique of the "bifurcationism" and "physical reductionism" of scientism — i.e., the belief that, first, the qualitative properties of the objects of perception ("corporeal" objects) are ultimately distinct from their respective quantitative properties (the "physical" objects studied by the various sciences); and second, that physical objects are in fact all there is, meaning corporeal objects are reduced to their physical counterparts — Smith examines critically in his work Cosmos and Transcendence (1984) the Cartesian roots of modern science.

Proceeding with his critique of scientism in his monograph, The Quantum Enigma (1995), Smith raises the questions of whether the scientific method is in fact dependent on the scientistic philosophy and, if it is not, whether linking it to other philosophical frameworks would provide better solutions to the way physical phenomena are interpreted. Demonstrating that neither the scientific method nor its results require adhering to a scientistic metaphysics, he answers in the negative to the first question, resulting in the conclusion that it is possible to link the scientific method to any underlying ontology, or to none at all. Working then into the second question, he proposes linking the scientific method — and thus the modern sciences — to a non-bifurcationist, non-reductionist metaphysics in the form of a modified Thomistic ontology, showing how such a move resolves the apparent incoherences of quantum mechanics.

According to Smith, this interpretation of quantum mechanics allows for the usage of the hylomorphic concepts of potency and act to properly understand quantum superposition. For example, instead of considering that a photon is "simultaneously a wave and a particle" or "a particle in two distinct positions," one may consider that the photon (or any other physical object) at first does not exist in act, but only in potency; i.e., as "matter" in the hylomorphic meaning of the term, having the potential of becoming "a wave or a particle," or "of being here or there." Whether one of these outcomes will happen to this undifferentiated matter is dependent on the determination imposed upon it by the macroscopic corporeal object that provides its actualization. A photon, thus, would be no more strange for having many potentials than, say, an individual who has the "superposed" potentials of learning French and/or Spanish and/or Greek, all the while reading and/or walking and/or stretching his arms. A further consequence of this interpretation is that a corporeal object and its "associated physical object" are not dichotomized or reduced one to the other anymore but, on the contrary, altogether constitute a whole of which different aspects are dealt with depending upon perspective.

Smith's understanding of the relationship between corporeal and physical objects extends to his interpretation of biology, where he has become an opponent of Darwinian evolution, as the fundamental element in a species would be its form, not its causal history, which evolutionists favor. This leads him to be a supporter of the intelligent design movement, though his own hylomorphic approach is not widely adopted by mainstream intelligent design theorists (who, like evolutionists, also favor causal history, albeit differently).

Smith has also taken a stance towards a relativistic rehabilitation of geocentrism. He does not support a Ptolemaic or medieval geocentrism unequivocally, nor assert that heliocentrism is absolutely false. Rather, he argues that, according to the theory of relativity, both heliocentrism and geocentrism have scientific merit, insofar as scientific observation depends upon the reference frame of the observer. Consequently, any observations made from Earth (or any near-Earth satellites) are in effect geocentric.

Filmography
Smith participated in Miracle (2019), a documentary by Mauro Ventura, with the participation of Raphael De Paola and Olavo de Carvalho.

The End of Quantum Reality (2020), a documentary film about Smith's life and thought, ran in a limited national theatrical release in the U.S.

Select bibliography

Books

Cosmos and Transcendence: Breaking Through the Barrier of Scientistic Belief (1984)

 Theistic Evolution: The Teilhardian Heresy (1988; originally published as Teilhardism and the New Religion)

The Quantum Enigma: Finding the Hidden Key (1995)

Ancient Wisdom and Modern Misconceptions: A Critique of Contemporary Scientism (2004; originally published as The Wisdom of Ancient Cosmology)

Christian Gnosis: From Saint Paul to Meister Eckhart (2008)

Science & Myth: With a Response to Stephen Hawking's The Grand Design (2012)

In Quest of Catholicity: Malachi Martin Responds to Wolfgang Smith (2016)

Physics and Vertical Causation: The End of Quantum Reality (2019)

The Vertical Ascent: From Particles to the Tripartite Cosmos and Beyond (2021)

Vedanta in Light of Christian Wisdom (2022)

Physics: A Science in Quest of an Ontology (2023)

Articles

General
Articles on philosophy, religion, physics and non-mathematical subjects in general:

Mathematics
Academic articles on mathematics signed as "J. Wolfgang Smith":

See also

 Quantum mechanics
 Philosophy of science
 Philosophy of physics
 Interpretation of quantum mechanics
 Philosophical realism
 Perennial philosophy
 Traditionalist School
List of American philosophers

Notes

References

20th-century American philosophers
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
21st-century American physicists
Cornell University alumni
Differential geometers
Catholic philosophers
Philosophers of religion
Philosophers of science
Thomists
Metaphysicians
Philosophical realism
Traditionalist School
Oregon State University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
1930 births
Living people

Wolfgang Smith


Marco Pereira (born 1950) is a Brazilian classical guitarist. He was born in São Paulo and took lessons from Isaias Savio, an important Uruguayan guitarist and teacher who brought Miguel Llobet's technique to Brazil. Pereira obtained his master's degree at the University of Paris-Sorbonne; his thesis was titled  Heitor Villa-Lobos and His Work for Guitar.  He teaches harmony, composition arranging, and improvisation at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).
Pereira has released several solo CDs, including Dança dos Quatro Ventos (GHA Belgium), Elegia (Channel Classics - Netherlands),Brasil Musical (Tom Brasil - Brazil), Valsas Brasileiras (Garbolights - Brazil), Luz das Cordas  (Garbolights - Brazil), O Samba da Minha Terra (Garbolights - Brazil), Camerístico (Garbolights - Brazil), and Cristal (Garbolights - Brazil), Original (Guitar Solo Publications, San Francisco), "Stella del Matino" (EGEA, Perugia, Italy) and "Essence" (Kind of Blue, Lugano, Switzerland). His compositions were issued by the publishers Éditions Lémoine of Paris and Guitar Solo Publications of San Francisco.

His instructional publications include Ritmos Brasileiros (Brazilian Rhythms), Cadernos de Harmonia(Harmony Method for Guitar), Brazilian Seven String' Guitar - Technique and Style, Cristal and Valsas Brasileiras.

His compositions and books are edited by Éditions Lemoine (Paris), Guitar Solo Publications (San Francisco) Editora Musimed (Brasília), and Garbolights Produções Artísticas Ltda. (Rio de Janeiro),

Awards
He has won important prizes in international guitar competitions such as Concurso Andrés Segóvia (Palma de Mallorca) and Concurso Francisco Tárrega (Valencia). In Brazil he won the Brazilian Sharp Award for Best Soloist and for Best Album of the Year (1994). He also received an award for best arranger for the album Gal, by Gal Costa.

Discography
Cristal
Cameristico (guitar and orchestra)
O Samba da Minha Terra
Original
Afinidade
Valsas Brasileiras
Luz das Cordas
Violão Popular Brasileiro Contemporaneo
Circulo das Cordas
Dança dos Quatro Ventos
Elegia
Bons Encontros
Brasil Musical

Books
Cadernos de Harmonia
Cristal
Ritmos Brasileiros (Brazilian Rhythms)
Valsas Brasileiras (Brazilian Waltzes)
Heitor Villa-Lobos and His Work for Guitar
Sete Cordas, Técnica e Estilo (Seven String Guitar, Technique and Style)

References

External links
Official Website
[editor
[store

Brazilian classical guitarists
Brazilian male guitarists
University of Paris alumni
Musicians from São Paulo
1950 births
Living people
Academic staff of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Marco Pereira


Luigi Jacobini (6 January 1832 – 28 February 1887) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Vatican Secretary of State from 1880 until his death; he was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1879.

Biography

Born in Genzano, Lodovico Jacobini studied at the seminary in Albano before being ordained to the priesthood in Rome on 23 September 1854. He then furthered his studies at the Sapienza University in Rome, where he obtained his doctorate in theology (20 July 1857) and his doctorate in civil and canon law (25 June 1858). Jacobini then entered the Roman Curia, serving as a staff member in the Secretariat of Ecclesiastical Affairs. He was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness, and also became Secretary of the Congregations of Propaganda Fide, which at that times also was responsible for relations with Oriental Rites.

In 1862, he was appointed secretary to the first commission for the preparation of the Syllabus. Later named a canon of the Lateran Basilica, Jacobini served as a referendary on the Apostolic Signatura as well. In 1867, he was charged with the weighty task of gathering and publishing the answers of the world's bishops to the questionnaire for the preparation of the First Vatican Council. During the council, Jacobini was secretary of the preparatory commission for Church discipline, also serving as Undersecretary of the council from 1869 to 1870.

On 20 March 1874, Jacobini was appointed Titular Archbishop of Thessalonica by Pope Pius IX. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 24 March from Cardinal Costantino Patrizi Naro. He was named Nuncio to Austria three days later, on 27 March 1874. Pope Leo XIII created Jacobini Cardinal-Priest of S Maria della Vittoria in the consistory of 19 September 1879. He was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan in 1880. On 16 December of that same year, Jacobini was appointed Vatican Secretary of State (essentially the Pope's prime minister) and Administrator of the Wealth of the Holy See.

He died in Rome, at age 55, from an illness that had lasted nearly two years. He was buried on 6 March 1887, he is buried in the chapel of the Congregation of Propagation of the Faith in the Campo Verano cemetery.

He cousin Angelo Jacobini (1825–1886) was also a cardinal.

Honours
 Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua I, 1881

References

1832 births
1887 deaths
People from Genzano di Roma
19th-century Italian cardinals
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops
Apostolic Nuncios to Austria
Cardinal Secretaries of State
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua
Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
Deaths from diabetes

Luigi Jacobini


The Curtiss Model 55 Kingbird was an airliner built in small numbers in the United States in the early 1930s. It was a twin-engine aircraft with a fuselage derived from the single-engine Curtiss Thrush. The Kingbird had two engine nacelles mounted on the struts on either side of the fuselage that braced the wing and the outrigger undercarriage. A distinctive design feature was the aircraft's blunt nose, located behind the propeller arcs. This allowed the engines to be mounted closer to each other and to the aircraft's centerline, therefore minimising asymmetrical thrust in case of an engine failure. For the same reason, the Thrush's single tailfin was replaced by twin tails on the Kingbird, and the main production model, the D-2 fitted a second horizontal stabilizer and elevator between these fins.

Eastern Air Transport was to be the Kingbird's main operator, flying 14 of them for a few years. The United States Marine Corps also purchased an example, first designating it JC-1, then RC-1 and using it as an air ambulance.

Variants
 Kingbird C Prototype powered by 185 hp (138 kW) six-cylinder Curtiss R-600 Challenger engines. One built, but found to be underpowered. Later converted to Kingbird J-1.
 Kingbird D-1 Second and third prototypes (previously Kingbird J-3 and J-2) powered by 225 hp nine-cylinder Wright Whirlwind J-6-7 radial engines. Later converted to D-2 standard.
 Kingbird D-2 Production aircraft with two 300 hp (224 kW) Whirlwind J-6-9 engines. 14 built plus two converted from D-1s.
 Kingbird D-3 One-off Curtiss executive transport. Two 330 hp (246 kW) Whirlwind J-6-9 engines. Seats for five passengers.
 Kingbird J-1 First prototype after re-engining with Whirlwind engines.
 Kingbird J-2 Third prototype, J-6-7 engines.
 Kingbird J-3 Second prototype, J-6-9 engines.
 RC-1 Single Kingbird D-2 for US Navy, originally ordered as JC-1 (J for utility), but delivered as RC-1 (R for transport).

Operators

 Eastern Air Transport
 United States Marine Corps

 Turkish Airlines (under former official name: State Airlines Administration)

Specifications (D-2)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

  A contemporary technical article on the Kingbird, with details of the version with 225 hp Whirlwind J-6-7 engines.
 aerofiles.com
 generalaviationnews.com

Kingbird
1920s United States airliners
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

Curtiss Kingbird


The Arlington Museum of Art is a non-collecting art museum located in downtown Arlington, Texas. It hosts art exhibitions and also offers art-related adult workshops, children's classes, film screenings, and lectures. A not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization managed by a board of directors and run by volunteers, it showcases internationally-renowned collections in partnership with museums and private collectors from around the world. It is also home to a basement recording studio known as Zig Productions.

History
The Arlington Museum of Art traces its history to the foundation of the Arlington Art Association by Howard and Arista Joyner in 1952. Howard Joyner established the Art Department at the University of Texas at Arlington, and Arista Joyner was the first art teacher at Arlington High School. The Arlington Art Association promoted art in the city by sponsoring juried art exhibitions, shows featuring local artists, and art auctions benefiting scholarships for local high school students, while also creating a savings fund to eventually purchase a building to serve as its permanent home. In 1986, the Arlington Art Association bought the former J. C. Penney store on Main Street in downtown Arlington, which it remodeled extensively and moved into in 1989 after incorporating as the Arlington Museum of Art. The first exhibition at the museum opened in May 1990 and featured contemporary art.

In 1991, former Dallas Museum of Art assistant curator for contemporary art and KERA radio art critic Joan Davidow was hired as the full-time director of the Arlington Museum of Art. Under her tenure, which lasted until September 2000, she focused the museum's curated exhibitions on Texas contemporary art. In her first three years as director, she tripled the museum's budget to $225,000 while securing corporate sponsorships from Lockheed Martin, Target, and U.S. Trust. Writing for Texas Monthly in 1998, Michael Ennis referred to Davidow as "arguably the most imaginative and irrepressibly adventurous museum director working in Texas" and a "champion of the latest and often most contentious Texas art". She also ran an art summer camp for children at the museum and a Saturday-afternoon family component for each of the museum's exhibitions.

In February 2001, Anne Allen was hired as the new director of the Arlington Museum of Art, having previously served in the same capacity at the Old Jail Art Center in Albany, Texas. During the six years of her tenure, she added new programs such as artist lectures and gallery talks to the museum's calendar of exhibitions. The museum was reorganized in 2012 due to its financial needs and the impact of a weak economy, and former board member Chris Hightower was selected as its new director. Under his tenure, the museum has broadened its scope beyond contemporary art and now features "historically significant and culturally important exhibitions". The museum has also begun supporting its exhibitions with accompanying programming, funding them through grants, and renting its facilities for outside events.

In 2015, local philanthropist Sam Mahrouq donated $550,000 to the Arlington Museum of Art, which allowed it to retire its building mortgage. In 2016, the museum gained notoriety when it removed a satirical poster depicting Donald Trump from an exhibition due to the objection of a board member.

Exhibitions
The Arlington Museum of Art has hosted numerous traveling exhibitions, including those featuring photography by Ansel Adams, art by Salvador Dalí, Milton H. Greene's photographs of Marilyn Monroe, Harlem Renaissance artwork (including works by Richmond Barthé, Aaron Douglas, Jacob Lawrence, and Charles White), Utagawa Hiroshige's woodblock prints, Vivian Maier's street photography, art by Knox Martin, and Pablo Picasso's ceramics. It has also featured an exclusive exhibit on Keith Haring. Additionally, it has featured exhibitions of edible art sculptures and film costumes, including those of Johnny Depp from Pirates of the Caribbean and Emmy Rossum from The Phantom of The Opera.

Gallery

References

External links

1989 establishments in Texas
Art museums established in 1989
Art museums and galleries in Texas
Culture of Arlington, Texas
Museums in Tarrant County, Texas

Arlington Museum of Art


Marjorie Armstrong Post (November 4, 1950 – August 7, 2021), known professionally as Markie Post, was an American actress. Her best known roles include: bail bondswoman Terri Michaels in The Fall Guy on ABC from 1982 to 1985; public defender Christine Sullivan on the NBC sitcom Night Court from 1985 to 1992; Georgie Anne Lahti Hartman on the CBS sitcom Hearts Afire from 1992 to 1995; and Barbara 'Bunny' Fletcher, the mother of Detective Erin Lindsay (Sophia Bush), on the NBC drama series Chicago P.D. from 2014 to 2017.

Early life
Post was born in Palo Alto, California, on November 4, 1950. Her father, Richard F. Post, worked as a physicist; her mother, Marylee (Armstrong) Post, was a poet. The second of the couple's three children, she and her two siblings were raised in Stanford and Walnut Creek. She attended Las Lomas High School where she was a cheerleader. Post then attended Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, and briefly attended Pomona College in California before returning to Lewis & Clark to earn her Bachelor of Arts degree.

Career
Prior to acting, Post worked on several game shows. She began her career with the production crew of the Tom Kennedy version of Split Second. She also served as associate producer of CBS's Double Dare and as a card dealer on NBC's Card Sharks. Later, after achieving fame as an actress, she played various game shows as a celebrity guest, including The Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour, Super Password, The (New) $25,000 Pyramid, and The $100,000 Pyramid. She helped a contestant win the $100,000 grand prize in a November 1987 tournament episode of The $100,000 Pyramid.

Post's early acting credits included a 1979 episode of Barnaby Jones and the pilot episode of Simon & Simon "Details at Eleven" in 1981, episode one of season two of The Greatest American Hero, two episodes of The A-Team as two different characters in the 1983 episode "The Only Church in Town" and the 1984 episode "Hot Styles", and The Love Boat. She appeared in the science-fiction series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century and as Diane Chambers' best friend in the sitcom Cheers, before eventually becoming a regular on the ABC action drama The Fall Guy. After The Fall Guy, she played Christine Sullivan on the 1980s television comedy series Night Court from the third season until the show's end. She played Georgie Anne Lahti Hartman on the comedy series Hearts Afire, co-starring John Ritter. Post also had regularly recurring guest-star roles on The District and on Scrubs as the mother of Dr. Elliot Reid.

Her film credits include There's Something About Mary (1998), in which Post played Mary's mother. She played a call girl and dominatrix in the 1988 TV movie Tricks of the Trade opposite Cindy Williams, and a singer in Glitz with Jimmy Smits, based on the novel by Elmore Leonard. She also had a starring role in NBC's 1995 movie Visitors in the Night. She appeared as reporter Christine Merriweather in the 2007 improvisational comedy film (released in 2017) Cook Off!. She appeared in the 30 Rock episode "The One with the Cast of Night Court" playing herself when Harry Anderson, Charles Robinson, and she staged a mock reunion of the Night Court cast.

Post was the voice of June Darby on the computer-animated robot superhero TV series Transformers: Prime. She appeared as recurring character Barbara 'Bunny' Fletcher in the first four seasons of Chicago P.D.

Personal life
Post was married first to Stephen Knox, whom she met at Lewis & Clark College. She later married actor and writer Michael A. Ross, with whom she had two daughters.

Death
Post died at her home in Los Angeles, on August 7, 2021, aged 70, after battling cancer for almost four years.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

 1994 CableACE Award for Children's Program Special - 6 and Young (Presidential Inaugural Celebration for Children) – Won

References

External links

1950 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Palo Alto, California
American film actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Deaths from cancer in California
Game show models
Lewis & Clark College alumni
People from Walnut Creek, California
Pomona College alumni

Markie Post


Barney's Version is a 2010 Canadian comedy-drama film directed by Richard J. Lewis, based on the novel of the same name by Mordecai Richler. The film was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.

Plot
Barney Panofsky is living with his best friend Boogie in Rome. He marries the mentally disturbed and unfaithful Clara Charnofsky after she tells him she is pregnant with his child. He later finds out the child  delivered stillborn  is not his, and he demands they separate. She commits suicide, and a devastated Barney decides to return home to Montreal.

Barney soon meets the woman who becomes his second wife, the daughter of a wealthy Jewish family. At their lavish wedding, Barney meets Miriam Grant and immediately falls in love. He tells her his feelings for her that night but she rejects him.

Despite his marriage, Barney sends Miriam flowers and gifts. He later picks up Boogie, who comes to detox, for a few days at Barney's lake house. He later finds Boogie in bed with his wife. At first overjoyed that he has an excuse to divorce her and pursue Miriam, he later questions Boogie's integrity. The drunk men argue, and Barney shoots two bullets from his gun to dissuade Boogie from snorkling, one into the air, before he trips and passes out on the dock, and Boogie falls backwards into the lake.

When Barney awakens, Boogie is missing. A detective tries to beat a confession out of him until his father, Izzy, intervenes. Barney continues to believe that Boogie ran away, and throughout the movie waits for him to reappear.

With his divorce final, Barney asks Miriam out on a date. He travels to New York City to meet her and finally begin a relationship. They marry and have two children, as Barney gets a job producing a television series. Izzy later dies in a brothel, causing Barney to laugh and cry and call his father a "King". Barney and Miriam live happily until, on another vacation to the lake house, Barney meets Blair, who works in radio, Miriam's old line of work. There is an immediate platonic connection between Blair and Miriam, much to Barney's noticeable consternation.

After Barney's and Miriam's son, Michael, leaves home, Miriam informs Barney of her intention to return to work. He attempts to dissuade her but she persists and secures employment, thanks to support from Blair. Miriam begins work at a radio station, but Barney misses her first on-air interview  because he "was drunk and watching the hockey game, like has happened a thousand times before"  and is rude and dismissive to Miriam's colleagues.

Miriam remains steadfastly faithful to him, but eventually his picaresque behaviour results in her taking a week-long visit to Michael's place in New York. While she is absent, Barney gets drunk at a bar and ends up sleeping with a former actress on his show. He tells Miriam about his infidelity and they divorce. She later marries Blair.

Barney, who displayed small signs of a deteriorating memory earlier in the film, forgetting where he had left his car on two occasions, now begins to show signs of an acute but unspecified memory loss. After Boogie's body is discovered near the lake house from an apparent sky diving accident, Miriam meets Barney for lunch in a favourite restaurant and offers to help as a friend.

When Miriam returns from the bathroom, Barney has paid for the meal but forgotten his wallet. She follows him and, by the time she catches up to him, he has forgotten that they were divorced. He speaks to her as if it was years earlier, assuming that they're still married and that their children are quite young.

Barney's condition worsens until his death. While his children are helping settle some of his affairs at the lake house, they observe a "water bomber" plane scoop up water from the lake and dump it on a fire on the mountainside, showing the children what could have happened to Boogie, referencing an urban myth. The final scene shows Miriam visiting Barney's grave, leaving roses at a tombstone bearing both of their names.

Cast
 Paul Giamatti as Barney Panofsky
 Dustin Hoffman as Israel "Izzy" Panofsky, the father
 Rosamund Pike as Miriam Grant, the third wife
 Minnie Driver as the second wife
 Rachelle Lefevre as Clara Charnofsky, the first wife
 Anna Hopkins as Kate Panofsky, the daughter
 Jake Hoffman as Michael Panofsky, the son
 Bruce Greenwood as Blair
 Mark Addy as Detective O'Hearne
 Paula Jean Hixson as Grumpy's Bartender
 Scott Speedman as Bernard "Boogie" Moscovitch
 Thomas Trabacchi as Leo
 Clé Bennett as Cedric
 Saul Rubinek as Mr. Charnofsky, the first father in-law
 Harvey Atkin as the second father in-law
 Macha Grenon as Solange, the soap opera actress

There were also cameos by Canadian directors Atom Egoyan (early director of Barney's soap opera Constable O'Malley of the North), David Cronenberg (later director of Barney's soap), Paul Gross (star in Barney's soap), Denys Arcand (Jean, the maître d' at both of Barney and Miriam's luncheons beside the duck pond at Montreal's Ritz-Carlton), and Ted Kotcheff (train conductor).

Production

After being in development for 12 years, the film was released in September 2010 with Paul Giamatti in the title role. It was directed by Richard J. Lewis and produced by Robert Lantos from a screenplay by Michael Konyves. Filming took place in Montreal, Lake Memphremagog, Rome and New York. The visual effects were produced by Modus FX in Montreal.

Release
The film grossed $472,892 in Canada over its first few weeks. As of April 17, 2011, the film had grossed $4.3 million in the United States and a total of $8 million worldwide. Most of the worldwide box office was in Italy.

Reception
, the film holds a 78% approval rating on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 136 reviews with an average rating 6.65 out of 10. The website's critics consensus reads: "With a magnificent performance by Paul Giamatti, Barney's Version offers much comedy and insight to the complexities of modern romance." It also has a score of 67 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Awards

References

External links

2010 films
2010 comedy-drama films
2010s English-language films
Canadian comedy-drama films
English-language Canadian films
English-language Italian films
Films about Jews and Judaism
Films based on Canadian novels
Films based on works by Mordecai Richler
Films featuring a Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe winning performance
Films set in Montreal
Films shot in Montreal
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Rome
Sony Pictures Classics films
Universal Pictures films
Jewish Canadian films
Films directed by Richard J. Lewis
2010s Canadian films
Films about disability

Barney's Version (film)


Tamara Rhodes is a Canadian jazz singer.  She was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia.  She has been performing since a young age.  After high school, she moved to New York City where she attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She then studied with cabaret legend Helen Baldassare at The New School University.  She also studied with the professional jazz division at the Brooklyn-Queens Conservatory of Music, where she majored in "voice".

She appeared at the Cellar Jazz Club, Vancouver, British Columbia.

She sang the title track for the show Show Me Yours, in which two of her other songs were featured as well.  Two of her songs were also featured in Godiva's.  She is also the voice and co-writer of the theme song for the show The Guard, as well as of the song "Live Forever" which is the theme song for the vampire show Blood Ties.   Her musical style includes jazz, blues, soul, and R&B.

Discography
 Double Feature (2005)

References

External links

Canadian women jazz singers
Singers from Vancouver
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Tamara Rhodes


A balanced-arm lamp, sometimes called a floating arm lamp, is a lamp with an adjustable folding arm which is constructed such that the force due to gravity is always counteracted by springs, regardless of the position of the arms of the lamp. Many lamp brands (such as the Anglepoise, originator of the concept, and Luxo L-1), as well as other devices, use this principle.

Configuration

The five terms

This article uses the terminology:

 lamp cap,
 forearm,
 upper arm,
 stand or body and
 base
for the five basic parts of these lamps.

The general design
A balanced-arm lamp has a base, a stand or body, (in most cases) two connected arms (in many cases fitted with springs), and a lamp-head.

The lamp can be moved into almost any position, and the balancing device will maintain the position until moved again.

The same overall mechanism can be employed in other devices with similar requirements, such as:
 copy holders for typists,
 microphone holders in studios or
 computer display holders.

For the physics and theory behind balanced-arm lamps, see Classical mechanics, linkage and torque.

There are different methods to balance the arms and the lamp-cap:
 coil springsIn some cases a set of two coil springs working in parallel on both sides of the pivoting arm is used.(They function in the same way as a single spring.)
 counterweight(s)(a method frequently used in Sash windows and drawing boards).
 Friction between parts of the lamp arm,
 Coupling or
 hydraulics or pneumatic arms.

Lamps balanced with springs

There are many variations of construction with springs. Springs can be located on the mechanical equivalent of the forearm or the upper arm, or both, as well as nearer to the base. Some lamps use tension springs, and others use compression springs. The adjacent image shows (left to right) a compression spring at rest, then under load, followed by a tension spring at rest, and then under load.
Springs have a limited lifting capacity and extension length.
Some springs can resonate, producing low-level unwanted noise.

One tension spring

Spring-balanced upper arm, flexible forearm

This lamp has a stiff flexible tube as its forearm, and a spring-balanced arm to support it near the middle. That way there is a flexible lamp with a long reach.

Tension spring over wheels

The wheel to control the forearm is smaller than the wheel that controls the upper arm.
The lamp cap rotates the same direction as the upper arm and forearm.

Two arms, one spring, one toothed wheel

With this technique the tension spring has a double function: it controls both the forearm and the upper arm. This is not a common arm lamp system.
The lamp cap rotates the same direction as the upper arm and forearm.

Two tension springs

Two parallelograms and two tension spring sets

One tension spring set controls the forearm, which is a parallelogram having two bars. A stronger spring set controls the upper arm, which has three parallel bars (see photo, left). (There is a less stable construction with two parallel bars in the upper arm which is less expensive to manufacture.) Due to the parallel linkage of the lamp, the lamp cap keeps pointing in the same vertical direction when adjusting the height of the lamp. As with most balanced-arm lamps, the whole assembly can rotate in the horizontal plane, and is mounted on a stable foot.

One parallelogram and two extension spring sets

A lamp like the Anglepoise lamp has one parallelogram and two extension springs. One spring controls the shortest arm of a parallelogram. Parallel to this shortest arm there is the forearm. To keep these arms parallel there are two other parallel arms (upper arm) that are controlled by a second extension spring.
The lamp cap rotates the same direction as the upper arm and forearm.

Single forearm bar, one parallelogram, two tension spring sets

The forearm of this lamp consist of a single bar. When it is adjusted, the angle of the lamp cap changes along with the arm.

Tension springs within the arms

A lamp like the Tolomeo desk lamp has no parallelograms in either arm. In this modern lamp the tension springs are hidden in the arms. The lamp cap rotates the same direction as the upper arm and forearm.

Compression springs

Compression springs in the arms

The short arms (green) stay parallel. One spring puts pull force on the blue arm. (If the blue arm is tilted back the second spring on this arm gets push force.) The blue arm controls the two parallel arms (red) that make up the upper arm. The other spring puts pull force on the other blue arm. This arm controls the forearm (magenta). The two springs can be the same size; one spring has to lift more weight but is more vertical. The other spring lifts less weight but is more horizontal.

Compression springs near the foot

One compression spring controls a very short arm (grey). The Roller chain cable connects this arm parallel to the forearm (yellow). The longer spring controls the (blue) arm. The body (red) can turn in the horizontal plane. The body is connected to a stable foot. The body can be smaller because the pressure springs can protrude below the body.

A compression spring with one parallelogram

In this method, just one compression spring controls a pantographic arm.

Lamps balanced by pressure and friction

Rubber between two "parallel" arms
In this construction (commonly found in Italian lamps) gravity causes the parallelogram to deform such that the gap between the long arms becomes smaller. This in turn increases pressure on the rubber in the gap, and the resulting friction holds the arm in place.

Friction from twisting

The friction between the twisted arm controls the movement between the arms.

Friction between the upper arm and the forearm

This arm system also works with friction.

Lamps balanced with counterweight

Lamps balanced with one counterweight
Advantages of one swinging counterbalance is that the lamp can have a longer arm length.

Disadvantages are that the lamp is inherently less balanced, thus it needs a heavy stand to remain stable.

A single counterweight

This construction uses a chain to keep the arm with the counterweight and the forearm parallel. The lamp-cap and counterweight move in opposite directions (both away from the base or both towards it). The balance that is required is shown by the following formula:

d1 = Lamp-cap to base; m1 = weight of lamp-cap

d2 = counterweight to base; m2 = weight of counterweight

m1 × d1 = m2 × d2

One parallelogram with one counterweight

This lamp  has a heavy base, with a parallelogram pantograph construction formed by bars which are all hinged on each other. One long bar extends past the parallelogram construction and has a counterweight. One short bar also extends past the parallelogram construction and holds the lamp cap.
The base has an arc formed stand so the counterweight does not hit the stand in vertical position.

One parallelogram with an extended counterweight

This lamp is similar to the one above, but as the counterweight has a low position the lamp needs no heavy foot for stability as the center of gravity is low.
The counterbalance does not swing, but slides and rotates safely around the center of the stand.

Three parallelograms with one counterweight

This lamp stand has a complex construction with matching narrow openings.
This lamp is out of production.

Lamps balanced with two counterweights

A single arm with two counterweights

With this lamp the movement is very limited (the arm moves up and down only) but the technique is nice to look at. As the forearm becomes more horizontal the weight ceases to be balanced on both side of the base. The weight of the base is needed to avoid over-balancing.

Two arms with two counterweights

A lamp type like the Tizio works like this. A balancing arm (the forearm) has on one side of an axis a small counterweight and on the other side a lamp cap. These parts are lifted by a second bigger balancing arm (the upper arm) that has on the other side of a second axis a heavier counterweight. The lamp designed by Edouard-Wilfrid Buquet in 1927 works in this way. The lamp is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. The two axes have a different angle, and this has some advantages.

Lamp-cap x fore-Arm = Arm x Small weight (Lamp-cap + Small weight) x upper-arm = Arm x Big weight.

Lamps using other systems

Here are some less common ways of balancing arms.

Lamps having a vertical axis

This kind of lamp has a forearm balanced by weight or springs. Its disadvantage is that the upper arm cannot point up or forwards.

Mechanical coupling devices

This lamp works by coupling together the upper arm and the forearm. It is called a gravity-locked or cam-locked elbow.

Hydraulic arm

The pivoting arm streetlamps in the Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam use a pair of hydraulic cylinders to control the forearm and upper arm.

Pneumatic arm

Arm lamp with a pneumatic cylinder. The gravity compress the air in the pneumatic cylinder.

In popular culture

 Two spring-balanced desk lamps of this type feature as the main characters in the 1986 Pixar short film Luxo Jr.. It also serves as the letter I in the Pixar logo presented before and at the end of each of their films.
 Myster Shadow-Sky is the only composer who from 1980 to 2007 performed the balanced-arm lamp as a musical instrument: the archisonic lamp. In 1980 he wrote the score "Ludus Musicae Temporarium" for a balanced arm lamp orchestra. The world premiere was performed by Les Percussions de Strasbourg at the Manca contemporary music festival in Nice in 1988. He released five albums with a four spring balanced arm lamp musical instrument (and more with other musical instruments). They are available for free download. Referenced in the book "Les chercheurs de sons" (2004), as the unique creator of a balanced arm lamp as a musical instrument.

See also

 Engineering science and mechanics
 Gooseneck lamp
 Industrial design
 Light fixture
 Mechanical advantage
 Mechanical engineering technology
 Moment (physics)
 Torsion spring

Patents history

Classifications IPC: F21V21/26

International patent category: B23B31/171
 GB191104491 An Improved Device for Supporting or Suspending Electric Lamps and the like (1911)
  - 1921 harmonica arm
  1923 parallelogram & counter weight
  1926 friction
  1929 2 counter weight
  1934 spring and counter weight
 FR757890 1934 CARWARDINE GEORGE
 FR784932 1935 CARWARDINE GEORGE
  1937 friction
  1938 2 parallelogram 2 springs
  1939 2 pressure springs
  19..  a-symmetric arm-lamp
  1947 friction and a spring
  1949
  1949 spring in the arm
  1954 friction arm

  -- 1961
  1971
  - 1991 -
 EP0518569 1992
 EP1274545  2003  mechanical coupling devices

References

Light fixtures

Balanced-arm lamp


Yemen Vilayet (; ) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of . The population for the vilayet is given by the 1885 Ottoman census as 2,500,000.

Broadly speaking, the vilayet was bounded by the 20th parallel north to the north, the Aden protectorate to the south, the Red Sea to the west and the 45th meridian east to the east. The southern border was demarcated by the Anglo-Turkish Boundary Commission of 1902–1905, while the limit of the eastern border was left vague.

History
Since the Ottoman conquest of Yemen in 1517, it had been known as the Yemen Eyalet. After the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire, Yemen Vilayet was established from most of the former Eyalet in 1872. In the 1830s, aided by the collapse of the Zaidi Imamate due to internal division and the adoption of modern weaponry after the Crimean War, the Ottomans moved into northern Yemen, eventually taking San'a and making it the capital of the Yemen Vilayet in 1872. Even then, Ottoman control was largely confined to cities, and the Zaidi imam's rule over Upper Yemen was formally recognized.

Starting in 1872, after the Sana'a region was firmly under control, Ahmed Muhtar Pasha set about restructuring the administration of the Yemen vilayet, dividing it into four sanjaks, with San'a' city serving as capital of the vilayet. Asir became a sanjak of Yemen in 1872.

In the late 19th century, the Zaidis rebelled against the Turks, and Imam Mohammed ibn Yahya laid the foundation of a hereditary dynasty. When he died in 1904, his successor Imam Yahya ibn Mohammed led the revolt against the Turks in 1904–1905, and forced them to grant important concessions to the Zaidis. The Ottoman agreed to withdraw the civil code and restore sharia in Yemen.

In 1906, the Idrisi leaders of Asir rebelled against the Ottomans. By 1910 they controlled most of Asir, but they were ultimately defeated by Turkish and Hejazi forces.

Ahmet İzzet Pasha concluded a treaty with Imam Yahya in October 1911, by which he was recognised as temporal and spiritual head of the Zaidis, was given the right to appoint officials over them, and collect taxes from them. The Ottomans maintained their system of government in the Sunni-majority parts of Yemen.

In March 1914, the Anglo-Turkish Treaty delimited the border between Yemen and the Aden Protectorate. When World War I broke out, Imam Yahya remained nominally loyal to the Sultan, but tried to negotiate with Britain at the same time. The Asir, on the other hand, joined Britain as soon as the war began. The Arab Revolt in Hejaz cut off Yemen from the rest of the Ottoman Empire, and the imam took the opportunity to establish his power over all of Yemen.

Turkish forces withdrew in 1918, and Imam Yahya strengthened his control over northern Yemen creating the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.

Governors

Governors of the Yemen Vilayet:

 Katircioglu Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (September 1871 – May 1873)
 Ahmed Eyyub Pasha (May 1873 – April 1875)
 Mustafa Asim Pasha (April 1875 – April 1879)
 Botgoriceli Ismail Hakki Pasha (December 1879 – December 1882)
 Mehmed Izzet Pasha (December 1882 – December 1884)
 Ahmed Fayzi Pasha (1st time) (December 1884 – December 1886)
 Ahmed Aziz Pasha (December 1886 – December 1887)
 Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (December 1887 – June 1889)
 Potirikli Osman Nuri Pasha (June 1889 – May 1890)
 Botgoriceli Ismail Hakki Pasha (May 1890 – April 1891)
 Hasan Edip Pasha (April 1891 – December 1891)
 Ahmed Fayzi Pasha (2nd time) (December 1891 – May 1898)
 Huseyin Hilmi Pasha (May 1898 – October 1902)
 Çerkes Abdullah Reshid Pasha (October 1902 – August 1904)
 Biren Mehmed Tevfik Pasha (August 1904 – August 1905)
 Ahmed Fayzi Pasha (3rd time) (August 1905 – October 1908)
 Arnavud Hasan Tahsin Pasha (October 1908 – January 1910)
 Kamil Bey (January 1910 – April 1910)
 Mehmed Ali Pasha (April 1910 – November 1911)
 Akdilek Mahmud Pasha (November 1911 – December 1918)

Administrative divisions
Sanjaks, circa 1876:
 Sanjak of Sana'a
 Sanjak of Hudeyde
 Sanjak of Asir
 Sanjak of Ta'izz

See also

 Islamic history of Yemen
 Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913

References

External links

Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Asia
Ottoman period in Yemen
1872 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1918 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

Yemen Vilayet


Bruce Helander (born January 27, 1947) is an American artist associated with collage and assemblage. He lives and works in West Palm Beach.

Early life and education
Helander was born in Great Bend, Kansas, to Amos and Carmen Helander. His mother was an interior designer whose eccentric styles inspired him to go on and become an artist. He studied painting and went on to graduate from the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1969 and a Master of Fine Arts in 1972. While attending college, Paul Klee and Sewell Sillman became major influence in Helander's early life.

After graduating, Helander began his career at RISD as a Director of Admissions, eventually becoming the Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs. During his tenure there, Helander became a White House fellow at the National Endowment for the Arts. Leaving Academia in 1979, Helander became the editor and publisher of the Art Express magazine.

Work

Bruce Helander is an art critic, art dealer, arts writer, curator, and artist whose specialty is collage and assemblage. He began his career as an art dealer when he opened the Helander Gallery.
The Helander Gallery was founded in 1982 and had its first home at Worth Avenue. In 1986 it expanded to include another Palm Beach location and in 1989 it added a new site in New York's SoHo district.

Helander Gallery quickly rose to prominence opening with such artists as: Chihuly, Rauschenberg, and Scanga. In 1988 Helander brought together John Chamberlain, Duane Hanson, Jules Olitski, Robert Rauschenberg, and James Rosenquist creating the Five Floridians exhibition. Later that year the polyvinyl sculpture by John DeAndrea, Sphinx, was displayed. The sculpture, a lifelike nude woman, brought about controversy over the appropriateness of a publicly displayed nude sculpture.

Helander Gallery became known for selling works by eponymous artists such as Dale Chihuly, Duane Hanson, Robert Rauschenberg, and Andy Warhol.

Erotica

Helander depicts both the ecstasy and complications of sex in his collages as a means of enhancing the realism in his art. The evocative images contain multiple fragments of parts that rotate around the blank space.

Dreams

Helander recaptures dreams or expresses content in such a way that they can be interpreted as dreams. Headlessness is characteristic of this series – the heads of the figures depicted are substituted for other images in order to portray the entry into a dream state.

Cartoons

Helander uses Cartoon elements in his collages to add comic spice to the iconographic level of meaning. The presence of these images is prominent enough to sway the tone towards popular imagery without becoming Pop Art itself, rather. Helander creates a tone pointing towards the eccentric and personal content found in small motifs.

Eccentric Landscapes

Helander makes use of map fragments and meteorological references to create collages that become veritable landscapes. These works capture the legends of travelers and explorers as they enriched the escapist dimension of the American dream.

Love Letters

In his series Love Letters, Helander reflects on his love for letterforms and a sense of humor with multiple meanings. The series centers the primary letterform and surrounds it in a nostalgic composition of vintage images and rich colors.

Commissions
Helander has taken commissions from the Norton Museum of Art, Dan Marino, and the World Federation of the United Nations Associations. Other commissions include works for Dale Chihuly and Cutrale.

From 1993 until 2000, Helander created custom collage illustrations for the New Yorker section Goings On About Town. Beginning in 2002 Helander contributed collage illustrations for Jazziz Magazine, including numerous covers and CD jacket designs. For 10 years, since its inception, Helander was commissioned by the Palm Beach International Film Festival to create limited edition film festival posters which became noteworthy amongst local attendees.

Curious Collage
In 1994 Robert Mahoney, art critic and contributor to ARTnews magazine, wrote the artist's book Curious Collage: Bruce Helander. Published by Grassfield Press, Curious Collage included and introduction by Henry Geldzahler, notable art critic, curator, and art historian.

The Art Economist
Helander was the editor-in-chief of The Art Economist, a publication that examined the contemporary art market. A critically informative publication serving as a constructive tool for art collectors, museums and galleries, The Art Economist was used to ascertain transparency of art value in the global contemporary art market.

Curating
Helander acted as curator of Cuadro Fine Art Gallery, Dubai in 2007. Since 2012 Helander has served as a guest curator at ArtHouse429, Palm Beach.  He has also served as guest curator of the Coral Springs Museum of Art.

Exhibitions
His work is in over fifty museum collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Brooklyn Museum, Smithsonian, Art Institute of Chicago, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.

Recognition
Helander is a former White House fellow of the National Endowment for the Arts and has won the South Florida Cultural Consortium fellowship for professional achievement in the visual arts. In 2014 he was inducted to the Florida Artists Hall of Fame, Florida's most prestigious arts and culture honor. City Link magazine called Bruce Helander "Arguably the most recognized and successful collage artist in the country."

References

Bibliography
 Curious Collage: Bruce Helander by Robert Mahoney. Miami: Grassfield Press, 1994
 Learning to See: An Artist's View on Contemporary Artists from Artschwager to Zakanitch by Bruce Helander. Lake Park: StarGroup International, 2008
 Bunnies by Hunt Slonem. New York: Glitterati Incorporated, 2015
 Key West: Changing Colors by J. Steven Manolis. Miami: J. Steven Manolis Art, 2016
 Chihuly: An Artist Collects by Bruce Helander. New York: Abrams Books, 2017

External links
Official website
Huffington Post page

1947 births
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
Living people
Painters from Kansas
People from Great Bend, Kansas
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
20th-century American male artists

Bruce Helander


Paul Bunyans Stump is a  mountain summit in the North Cascades Range of Washington, United States. It is located within North Cascades National Park. It rises steeply from Diablo Lake, one of the reservoirs on the Skagit River. It is part of a group of peaks that form the northern end of a chain running south through climbing destinations such as Colonial Peak and Snowfield Peak. The nearest peak to Paul Bunyans Stump is Pinnacle Peak,   to the north, and the nearest higher peak is Neve Peak,  to the southeast. Like many North Cascade peaks, Paul Bunyans Stump is more notable for its large, steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation.  Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Diablo Lake and Skagit River.

Paul Bunyans Stump was first climbed on August 2, 1931 by William Degenhardt and Herbert Strandberg of the Seattle Mountaineers. They called it "What's the Matterhorn."

Climate

Paul Bunyans Stump is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.  In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

See also

 Geography of the North Cascades
 Geology of the Pacific Northwest

References

External links
North Cascades National Park National Park Service
 Paul Bunyans Stump weather: Mountain Forecast

Mountains of Whatcom County, Washington
Mountains of Washington (state)
North Cascades
Cascade Range
North Cascades National Park
North Cascades of Washington (state)
North American 2000 m summits

Paul Bunyans Stump


Queen Victoria has been portrayed or referenced many times.

Literature
In 1937 Lord Chamberlain the Earl of Cromer ruled that no British sovereign may be portrayed on the British stage until 100 years after his or her accession. For this reason, Laurence Housman's play Victoria Regina (1935), which had earlier appeared at the Gate Theatre Studio in London with Pamela Stanley in the title role, could not have its British premiere until the centenary of Queen Victoria's accession, 20 June 1937. This was a Sunday, so the new premiere took place the next day, at the Lyric Theatre. Pamela Stanley reprised the title role at Housman's request, and Carl Esmond played Prince Albert. The play later appeared on Broadway, where Helen Hayes portrayed the Queen, with Vincent Price in the role of Prince Albert.

Vaughan Wilkins' novel And So-Victoria (1937) focuses on Victoria's life.

Queen Victoria appears in Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell's graphic novel From Hell, where she is depicted as instigating the Whitechapel murders.

A Royal Diaries book was written, documenting her childhood between 1829 and 1830: Victoria, May Blossom of Britannia by Anna Kirwan.

The Victorian age is experienced through the eyes of the fictional Morland family in The Abyss, The Hidden Shore, The Winter Journey, The Outcast, The Mirage, The Cause, The Homecoming and The Question, Volumes 18–25 respectively of The Morland Dynasty, a series of historical novels by author Cynthia Harrod-Eagles. One of the characters becomes Victoria's devoted lady-in-waiting.

Cynthia Harrod-Eagles also wrote I Victoria, a fictional autobiography of Queen Victoria.

There is a Sanskrit poem named Cakravarttini gunamanimala, written by T. Ganapati Sastri on Queen Victoria.

Another Sanskrit poem, titled Victoria Carita Sangraha, was written by scholar Keralavarman on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee of the coronation of Queen Victoria.

Although she did not live to see the Victorian age, Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) wrote a number of poetic tributes to the young princess and queen. These are:

 Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832. 'The Princess Victoria', to accompany a plate drawn by Anthony Stewart and engraved by T. Woolnoth. (This plate is in some editions, entitled 'The Princess Alexandrina-Victoria')
 Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837. 'The Princess Victoria', to accompany a plate engraved by J. Cochran after Sir Geo. Hayter's painting.

 , 1837.
 Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838. 'To the Queen'. Frontispiece.

 Flowers of Loveliness, 1838. .
 Schloss's Bijou Almanack, 1838. .

Film
On screen, Victoria has been portrayed by:
Rose Tapley in the silent short The Victoria Cross (1912)
Louie Henri in the silent film Sixty Years a Queen (1913)
Mrs. Henry Lytton in the silent film Disraeli (1916)
Blanche Graham in the silent film Livingstone (1925), the story of David Livingstone
Julia Faye in the silent film The Yankee Clipper (1927)
Marion Drada in the silent film Balaclava (1928)
Margaret Mann in Disraeli (1929)
Madeleine Ozeray in the German French-language musical Court Waltzes (1933)
Hanna Waag in the German film Waltz War (1933)
Pamela Stanley in David Livingstone (1936) and Marigold (1938), based on the play by Charles Garvice, Allen Harker and F. Prior
Fay Holden in The White Angel (1936), the story of Florence Nightingale
Jenny Jugo in the German romantic comedy Victoria in Dover (1936)
Yvette Pienne in the French comedy The Pearls of the Crown (1937)
Viva Tattersall in Souls at Sea (1937)
Anna Neagle in the biopics Victoria the Great (1937) and Sixty Glorious Years (1938)
Beryl Mercer in The Little Princess (1939), based on the novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett, and The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (1939)
Fay Compton in The Prime Minister (1941), about Benjamin Disraeli, and Journey to Midnight (1968)
Evelyn Beresford in Buffalo Bill (1944) and the musical Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
Pamela Brown in Alice in Wonderland (1949), in which she also played the Queen of Hearts
Irene Dunne in The Mudlark (1950), based on the novel by Theodore Bonnet
Helena Pickard in The Lady with a Lamp (1951), based on the play by Reginald Berkeley about Florence Nightingale
Muriel Aked in The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan (1953)
Sybil Thorndike in Melba (1953), the story of soprano Nellie Melba
Romy Schneider in the West German biopic Victoria in Dover (1954), remake of the 1936 film, which features a highly fictionalised story about Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne and marriage to Prince Albert
Avis Bunnage in the comedy The Wrong Box (1966)
Barbara Carroll in the Italian film Zorro alla corte d'Inghilterra (1969), in which Zorro visits the British Court
Mollie Maureen in The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970)
Peter Sellers in The Great McGonagall (1974), a comic biopic of William McGonagall
Susan Field in the spoof The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother (1975)
John Dalby in the animated musical fantasy Stories from a Flying Trunk (1979), adapted from Hans Christian Andersen's tale The Flying TrunkEve Brenner voices a mouse version of Victoria in The Great Mouse Detective (1986), adapted from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes series.
Judi Dench in Mrs. Brown (1997), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Dench reprised the role in Victoria & Abdul (2017)
Debra Beaumont in the Chinese film The Opium War (1997)
Liz Moscrop in From Hell (2001), based on the graphic novel
Gemma Jones in Shanghai Knights (2003)
Tress MacNeille (voice) in the animated short Van Helsing: The London Assignment (2004)
Kathy Bates in Around the World in 80 Days (2004), based on the novel by Jules Verne
Zoe Street Howe in "Florence Nightingale" (2008)
Emily Blunt in The Young Victoria (2009), with Michaela Brooks playing Victoria as a girl
Imelda Staunton voices Victoria as the primary antagonist in The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists (2012)
 Judi Dench in Victoria & Abdul (2017).
 Gayle Rankin in The Greatest Showman (2017)
 Amanda Root in The Black Prince (2017).
 Pam Ferris in Holmes & Watson (2018).
 Jessie Buckley in Dolittle (2020).

She also makes appearances in Around the World in 80 Days (in which a newspaper detailing Phileas Fogg's progress is taken to the Queen, and what is presumably the royal hand is seen eagerly taking it up), in the 2004 anime movie Steamboy, inaugurating The Great Exhibition, and in the 2013 Oggy and the Cockroaches: The Movie. The 1941 Nazi film Ohm Krüger notoriously portrays her as a whisky-soaked drunk. Her daughter-in-law, the Princess of Wales, reads a letter from Victoria to London Hospital governors, showing her concern for John Merrick, in the 1980 film The Elephant Man.

Television
On television, Victoria has been portrayed by:
Helen Hayes in Victoria Regina (1951), an episode of the American series Robert Montgomery Presents based on the play by Housman
Renée Asherson in the BBC drama series Happy and Glorious (1952)
Judi Meredith in The Consort (1957), an episode of the American series Telephone TimeJulie Harris in the American drama Victoria Regina (1961), based on Housman's play, for which Harris won an Emmy award
Kate Reid in the American drama The Invincible Mr. Disraeli (1963)
Patricia Routledge in the Granada Television series Victoria Regina (1964), also based on Housman's play
Gladys Spencer in the BBC Play of the Month, Gordon of Khartoum (1966)
Jane Connell in an episode of the American sitcom Bewitched titled "Aunt Clara's Victoria Victory" (1967)
Christine Ozanne in an episode of the Yorkshire Television drama series The Flaxton Boys titled "1854: The Dog" (1969)
Mollie Maureen in the BBC drama series The Edwardians (1972)
Perlita Neilson and (as an old woman) Mavis Edwards in the BBC drama series Fall of Eagles (1974)
Terry Jones in an episode of the BBC comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus titled "Sex and Violence" (1969)
Michael Palin in an episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus titled "Michael Ellis" (1974)
Annette Crosbie in the ATV drama series Edward the Seventh (1975)
Shirley Steedman in the British series East Lynne (1976), based on the novel by Mrs Henry Wood
Rosemary Leach in the ATV drama series Disraeli (1978)
Sheila Reid in the LWT drama series Lillie (1978), telling the story of Lillie Langtry
 in the American comedy drama The Wild Wild West Revisited (1979)
Jessica Spencer in an episode of the Granada Television drama series Cribb titled "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" (1981)
Marina McConnell in the Granada drama series Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House (1982)
Lurene Tuttle in an episode of the American time travel series Voyagers! titled "Buffalo Bill & Annie Oakley Play the Palace" (1983)
Zena Walker in the episode of the Yorkshire Television drama series Number 10 titled "Dizzy" (1983)
Siobhan Redmond in ITV series Alfresco episode #1.2 (1983)
Bronwen Mantel in the drama Barnum (1986)
Erica Rogers in the miniseries Shaka Zulu (1986), based on the novel by Joshua Sinclair
Miriam Margolyes in the BBC comedy Blackadder's Christmas Carol (1988) and later reprised in The Windsors on Channel 4
Anna Massey in the miniseries Around the World in 80 Days (1989)
Honora Burke in the British drama Hands of a Murderer (1990)
Margaret Heale in the BBC drama series Rhodes (1996)
 and (as an old woman) Avril Angers in the Granada miniseries Victoria and Albert (1997)
Wendy Worthington in an episode of the Paramount sitcom The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer titled "Saving Mr. Lincoln" (1998)
Patti Allen in the series The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne (2000)
Victoria Hamilton in the miniseries Victoria & Albert (2001), in which Joyce Redman played her as an old woman
Prunella Scales in the BBC drama Station Jim (2001) and in the BBC drama documentary Looking for Victoria (2003), in which Charlie Hayes played the young Victoria
Janine Duvitski in the BBC drama The Young Visiters (2003)
Doreen Mantle in the BBC drama series Shadow Play (2004)
Tessa Pointing in the British drama documentary The First Black Britons (2005)
Pauline Collins in the episode of the BBC series Doctor Who titled "Tooth and Claw" (2006)
Robert Webb in a comedy sketch on the show That Mitchell and Webb Look (2006)
Sarah Hadland (2009, 2015), Martha Howe-Douglas (2010-2013), Ellie White (2017-2018) and Jessica Ransom (2019-) in the British children's sketch show Horrible Histories (2009——)
Jenna Coleman in the ITV series Victoria (2016-2019)Monty Python's Flying Circus portrays Queen Victoria as a slapstick prankster and includes a sketch in which she says "We are not amused" in German accented English. Another Monty Python sketch contains a footrace in which all the contestants are dressed as Queen Victoria.

In a series of sketches portraying the Phantom Raspberry Blower, the Two Ronnies dress an entire squad of policemen as Queen Victoria to act as body doubles for protection from the PRB.

In the 2006 series of Doctor Who, Queen Victoria appears in the episode "Tooth and Claw", where she is played by Pauline Collins. In the episode, set in 1879, she is threatened by a werewolf that wants to infect her and take control of her empire. It is suggested that a scratch from the werewolf is the source of haemophilia in many of her descendants. Rose Tyler makes a bet with the Doctor for £10 that she can get the Queen to say "We are not amused". At the episode's conclusion, she founds the Torchwood Institute, an integral feature of the spin-off series Torchwood, with various (fictional) speeches and proclamations by her available on the Torchwood Institute website. An image of Collins as Victoria was later displayed prominently in the 2017 episode "Empress of Mars", set during the later years of Victoria's reign (coincidentally, the episode guest-starred Ferdinand Kingsley, who at the time was co-starring with Jenna Coleman in the ITV series based on Victoria's life). In 2008, the Doctor's former companion Sarah Jane Smith, notes Her Majesty's awareness of aliens in The Sarah Jane Adventures episode, "Enemy of the Bane", to which her young apprentice Rani Chandra responds, "I'll bet she wasn't amused."

The BBC series Blackadder Goes Forth, set in World War I, alludes humorously to Queen Victoria's heritage. Captain Blackadder interrogates Captain Kevin Darling whom he suspects to be a German spy. Captain Darling claims that he is "as British as Queen Victoria", to which Captain Blackadder replies: "So your father's German, you're half German and you married a German?"

Statues

One of Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll's works as a sculptor is her marble statue of her mother at Kensington Palace, and a bronze version erected in front of the Royal Victoria College, McGill University in Montreal.

The prominent Victoria Memorial stands in Kolkata (Calcutta), and in Bangalore the statue of the Queen stands at the beginning of MG Road, one of the city's major roads. In the town of Cape Coast, Ghana, a bust of the Queen presides, rather forlornly, over a small park where goats graze around her. In Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, a statue toward the harbour from the centre of Kent and Cambridge Terraces. There is also a Queen Victoria Statue in the heart of Valletta, Malta's capital.

Victoria Jubilee Town Hall in Trivandrum is still one of city's most sought after theatres for live entertainment and is considered a prestigious landmark by both locals and tourists alike.

In Hong Kong, a statue of Queen Victoria is located on the east side of Victoria Park in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Island. The statue once sat in Statue Square in Central but was removed and sent to Tokyo to be destroyed at the time of Japanese occupation of the territory, during World War II. With Japan's defeat and subsequent retreat in 1945, The United Kingdom recovered Hong Kong, and the statue was retrieved and placed in the park.

In Pietermaritzburg, capital of the South African province of KwaZulu Natal, formerly the British colony of Natal before formation of the Union of South Africa, there is a statue of Victoria in front of the provincial legislature building, the former parliament building of the colony of Natal. There is also a statue of Queen Victoria in front of the South African Parliament.

Most of the large cities in Australia that prospered during the Victorian era feature prominent statues of Queen Victoria. Sydney, the capital city of New South Wales has several. There is one statue (re-sited from the forecourt of the Irish Parliament building in Dublin) dominating the southern entrance to the Queen Victoria Building that was named in her honour in 1898. Another Sydney statue of Queen Victoria stands in the forecourt of the Federal Court of Australia building on Macquarie Street, looking across the road to a statue of her husband, inscribed "Albert the Good". In Melbourne, the capital of Victoria, the Queen Victoria Gardens named after her also features a large memorial statue in marble and granite. In Perth, capital city of Western Australia a marble statue stands in King's Park overlooking the city. In Adelaide, capital city of the state of South Australia, the Queen Victoria Square, named after her also has a large statue of her. In Brisbane, capital city of the state of Queensland, there is a statue of her in Queens Square, also named for her;. Ballarat, a boomtown in Victoria has a statue of Queen Victoria in the main street directly opposite its town hall. A small bust of the Queen is in the Queen Victoria Gardens in Burnt Pine, the largest town in the Australian territory of Norfolk Island.

Statues erected to Victoria are common in Canada, where her reign included the original confederation of the country and the addition of three more provinces and two territories. A bas-relief image of Victoria is on the wall of the entrance to the Canadian Parliament, and her statue is in the Parliamentary library as well as on the grounds.

Musical theatre

In 1972 Charles Strouse wrote a musical, I and Albert, which was presented in the West End at the Piccadilly Theatre on 6 November 1972. The musical was not a success and did not transfer as planned to Broadway. It remains notable chiefly as Sarah Brightman's stage debut.

Other
English rock band The Kinks honour Queen Victoria and her empire in their 1969 song "Victoria". The song has since been covered by English rock band The Kooks, English post-punk band The Fall, American alternative rock band Cracker, and American rock band Sonic Youth. Both The Kinks' and The Fall's versions were UK Top 40 hits.

Canadian singer Leonard Cohen refers to her in a mostly non-factual way in his 1964 poem "Queen Victoria and Me", and again in the 1972 song "Queen Victoria" (based on the poem). The song was later covered by Welsh musician John Cale.

In 2006, the Comics Sherpa online comic service started carrying a comic strip titled The New Adventures of Queen Victoria using cut-out photographs and portraits of the Queen and others.

In the Japanese anime and manga series Kuroshitsuji (Black Butler), she appears as Ciel Phantomhive's primary boss.

Queen Victoria's reign features in the 2003 Paradox Interactive grand strategy game, Victoria: An Empire Under the Sun. In this game a player guides a country through colonisation, the Industrial Revolution, warfare and various historic events.

She makes an appearance in the 2015 action-adventure video game Assassin's Creed: Syndicate developed by Ubisoft Quebec.

Queen Victoria leads the English civilization in the 2016 4X video game Civilization VI developed by Firaxis Games.

Queen Victoria is revealed to be watching the climactic trial in the video game The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve'', and uses her authority to strip the main villain of his position as chief justice. Rather than appearing in person, another character reads her proclamation to the court.

Footnotes

Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria


David Craig Mackay (14 November 1934 – 2 March 2015) was a Scottish football player and manager. Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian, the Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961, and winning the league with Derby County as a manager. He also represented Scotland 22 times, and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad. Mackay tied with Tony Book of Manchester City for the Football Writers' Association's Footballer of the Year award in 1969 and was later listed by the Football League in their "100 Legends", as well as being an inaugural inductee to both the English and Scottish Football Halls of Fame. He was described, by Tottenham Hotspur, as one of their greatest players and was known as 'the heartbeat' of their most successful ever team.

Early life
Mackay was born in Edinburgh. His father was a printer who worked for The Scotsman newspaper. As a young footballer, he was a Scottish Schoolboy internationalist.

Club career

Heart of Midlothian
Mackay supported Hearts as a boy. He signed as a professional in 1952, initially on a part-time basis as he also worked as joiner. Mackay was given his first team debut in November 1953. He would be paired with John Cumming at wing half, which was to become the core of the team. Mackay was a talented all-round player; a strong tackler, physically fit and had good technique with the ball. Cumming's Iron Man nickname says much of his determination. Despite his commitment he retained control of his temper and was never booked in his career. Cumming was the only player to collect medals for all seven of the trophies Hearts won under manager Tommy Walker. "He never had a bad game. It was either a fairly good game or an excellent game," said Mackay later of his former teammate. Both went on to become full Scotland internationals while playing for Hearts.

Mackay was given a regular place in the team in the 1954–55 season, with Freddie Glidden now playing at centre-half. Hearts won their first trophy since 1906, 48 years before, as they beat Motherwell 4–2 in the 1954 Scottish League Cup Final. This would be the first of seven trophies over nine seasons between 1954 and 1963. After signing Alex Young and Bobby Kirk, Walker's side proceeded to win the 1955–56 Scottish Cup. They thrashed Rangers 4–0 in the quarter-finals with goals from Crawford, Conn and a Bauld double.

Mackay completed the set of Scottish domestic honours by winning the league championship in 1957–58. Jimmy Wardhaugh was the league's top goalscorer with 28, while Jimmy Murray and Alex Young also scored more than 20. Mackay was fourth in Hearts' league scoring charts, with 12. Hearts won that League title in 1957–58 with record-breaking points, goals scored and goal difference totals. Their record from 34 league games of 62 points out of a maximum possible 68 was 13 more than their nearest rival. They scored 132 goals (still the Scottish top tier record) with only 29 against for a record net difference of +103. Murray and Mackay both played for Scotland at the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where Murray scored in a 1–1 draw against Yugoslavia. Mackay played in only the third of Scotland's three games at the World Cup.

In the 1958–59 Scottish League Cup group stage Hearts eliminated Rangers. That October 1958 Scottish League Cup Final was won with a heavy 5–1 defeat of Partick Thistle. Bauld and Murray each scored two and Johnny Hamilton netted one. This was the fourth and last Hearts trophy for Mackay.

He had some injury issues in what was to be his last year at Hearts. From late March he missed the last five games of the 1957–58 successful league run in. He then missed the first five Hearts games at the start of the 1958–59 season, returning at the end of August. After 6 December he was then eight weeks out the team with the 13 December 1959 crucial 5–0 defeat away to Rangers the first game he missed before returning on 4 February for the 3–1 Scottish Cup victory away at Queen of the South. Just over a month after he regained his place in the first team, Mackay again played Queen of the South this time in a 2–1 home league win on 7 March 1959. The league game against QoS was Mackay's last for Hearts after they accepted a bid of £32,000 from Tottenham Hotspur for their captain. In Hearts' next game Mackay's vacated half back berth was taken by George Thomson, who moved from inside forward. Thomson's inside forward spot was given to debutant Bobby Rankin, who had been signed for £4,000 from Queen of the South two days before Mackay's last Hearts game. Hearts spent £23,000 of the transfer on stadium improvements.

Tottenham Hotspur

Aged 24, he was signed by Tottenham Hotspur for £32,000 in March 1959 making his debut on 21 March in a 3–1 home win against Manchester City. During the 1960s his fierce determination and skill contributed to the team which won the Double in 1960–61. As double winners Spurs played in the 1961 FA Charity Shield against an FA XI which Spurs won 3–2. In that 1961 FA Cup Final they beat Leicester City 2–0. They retained the trophy when they won the 1962 FA Cup Final beating Burnley 3–1. This put them into a second successive Charity Shield. In that 1962 FA Charity Shield they beat Ipswich Town 5–1. This put Spurs into the 1962–63 Cup Winners' Cup. However Mackay missed the 5–1 1963 European Cup Winners' Cup Final victory over the defending champions Atlético Madrid at De Kuip in Rotterdam due to injured stomach muscles. Mackay had scored in the semi-final victory against OFK Beograd.

Spurs defended the Cup Winners' Cup the season after and were drawn to play the then FA Cup-holders, Manchester United, in the second round. Mackay scored the opener in the first leg 2–0 victory at White Hart Lane. On 10 December 1963 Mackay broke his left leg in a challenge with United's Noel Cantwell after eight minutes of the return tie at Old Trafford. Without him his teammates lost 4–1 due to a double strike by Bobby Charlton in the last 13 minutes. Mackay had just turned 29 the month before. The break was a serious one, and it took nine months before he attempted a comeback. Playing for Tottenham's reserves at home to Shrewsbury Town on 12 September 1964, he broke the same bone a second time, this time in a challenge with Peter Dolby. Mackay returned at the start of the 1965–66 season having missed a year and a half of first-team football.

In 1966 Mackay was photographed by Daily Mirror photographer Monte Fresco in an on-pitch confrontation with Leeds United's Billy Bremner. Mackay's face contorted, he is seen grabbing Bremner's shirt. The image is seen as one of the most iconic in UK football although Mackay hated it as it portrayed him as a bully. Mackay stated he reacted in the manner he did since Bremner targeted Mackay's left leg (the one he had broken twice) even though this leg was furthest away from Bremner.

Tottenham won the 1967 FA Cup Final beating Chelsea 2–1 for a third success in that tournament with Mackay. In the subsequent Charity Shield, Spurs drew 3–3 with Manchester United in a match remembered for goalkeeper Pat Jennings scoring with a kick from his own penalty area.

Mackay made 268 league appearances for Tottenham. With Mackay Spurs won one league championship, three FA Cups, one European Cup Winners' Cup and two FA Charity Shields as well as the 1967 Charity Shield that they shared because of the draw. None of these trophies were won in the two seasons affected by Mackay's lengthy injury due to his leg break. Brian Clough claimed in 2003 that Mackay was Tottenham Hotspur's greatest ever player.

Derby County

Aged 33, at the start of the 1968–69 season he transferred to Derby County for £5,000. Brian Clough and Peter Taylor persuaded him to sign. In his first season at the Baseball Ground, in which the club gained promotion to the First Division, he was chosen FWA Footballer of the Year, jointly with Manchester City's Tony Book. When he was a player at Derby County, Clough made Mackay play in a sweeping role and used his influence on the team to encourage them to turn defence into attack through a passing game. He left Derby in 1971, a year before they won the First Division title.

Swindon Town
Aged 36, he joined Swindon Town in 1971 as player/manager where he stayed one season before he retired as a player and focused solely on management.

International career
Aged 22, Mackay made his debut for Scotland on 26 May 1957 in a qualifying game for the 1958 World Cup, against Spain at the Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. Scotland qualified for the tournament in Sweden, with Mackay playing a single game, on 15 June 1958, against France; a 2–1 defeat at the Eyravallen Stadium in Örebro. He first captained his country in his third international, on 18 October 1958, in a 3–0 away win against Wales in the British Home Championships. The first four of his full caps were when he was with Hearts. The remainder were when he was with Tottenham. The first of his four international goals was in a friendly game at the Prater Stadium in Vienna on 29 May 1960 in a 3–1 away defeat to Austria.

His 15th cap was the disastrous 9–3 defeat at Wembley to England in April 1961;. Mackay then spent two years out of the side, with Jim Baxter and Pat Crerand usually being the preferred half back pairing. Mackay was recalled two years later in April 1963, again versus England at Wembley, but this time Scotland won 2–1. In his two years out the team Mackay missed the entire qualification campaign for the 1962 FIFA World Cup (Scotland were eliminated in a play off by the eventual tournament runners-up, Czechoslovakia). Mackay had been incumbent in the half back line for three straight games leading up to the game for Spurs in December 1963 in which he broke his leg.

He made 22 national appearances, his last coming on 2 October 1965, again in the British Home Championships, a 3–2 away defeat to Northern Ireland. His last cap was the only one he collected after the leg break.

Managerial career
In 1971 Mackay was appointed player-manager of Swindon Town but left after just one season to take charge of Nottingham Forest. He remained at the City Ground until October 1973, when he returned to Derby as manager following Clough's resignation. In his first season Derby finished third in the table. In his second season in charge of Derby, he guided the team to the 1974–75 league title. The following season, he managed the club to a respectable fourth-place finish in the league, the semi-finals of the FA Cup, and a second-round exit to Real Madrid in the 1975–76 European Cup. Having beaten them 4–1 in the first leg, a weakened Derby side were beaten 5–1 in the return leg. At one stage the side had been in the running for the Double. Mackay was sacked in November 1976 after a poor start to the 1976–77 season.

Mackay then had a spell as Walsall manager from March 1977 to August 1978. This was followed by nine years coaching in Kuwait. He returned to the UK and was appointed manager of Doncaster Rovers in 1987, a year after being linked with the Scotland manager's job (which ultimately went to Andy Roxburgh). Mackay's reign at Belle Vue lasted until March 1989 before he moved to Birmingham City, who had just been relegated to the third tier of the league for the first time in their history. His task was simple – to get Birmingham promoted to the Second Division. But he was unsuccessful in trying to achieve this and resigned in 1991. After that, Mackay headed to Africa to manage Egyptian club Zamalek SC, a Cairo based football team, with which he won the Egyptian Premier League two times, in both the seasons he was manager. He then spent a further three years in Qatar, managing the Qatar national football team, before retiring from football altogether in 1997.

Legacy

In 2004 The Real Mackay was published, an autobiography written with Martin Knight. Mackay had previously published Soccer My Spur in the early 1960s.

Mackay was made an inaugural inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game as both a player and manager, Two years later, he was an inaugural inductee of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame. In 2006, he also became an inaugural inductee of the Heart of Midlothian Hall of Fame in recognition of his success as a player in the 1950s. In 2013, Mackay was one of eleven British football stars chosen by Royal Mail to feature on a set of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of The Football Association.

Mackay appears as a character in David Peace's novel The Damned Utd, a fictionalised account of Brian Clough's time as manager of Derby County and Leeds United. In the film adaptation of the book, The Damned United, Mackay is played by Brian McCardie. Mackay successfully took legal action against the makers of the film over its inaccurate portrayal of the events surrounding Clough's departure from Derby and Mackay's appointment.

George Best (1946–2005), of Manchester United, one of Tottenham's fiercest rivals in the 1960s, described Mackay as "the hardest man I have ever played against – and certainly the bravest".

Mackay died on 2 March 2015 at the age of 80. Heart of Midlothian stated "It is with deep regret that we have to advise of the death of Dave Mackay who was possibly the most complete midfield player that Scotland has ever produced". Tottenham wrote in an obituary "Dave Mackay will certainly always be remembered here as one of our greatest ever players and a man who never failed to inspire those around him. In short, a Spurs legend". His coffin was brought into his funeral by John Robertson and Gordon Marshall (ex-Hearts), Pat Jennings and Cliff Jones (ex-Tottenham) and Roy McFarland and John McGovern (ex-Derby). A eulogy was given by Alex Ferguson.

After his sacking at Derby County there was a cutting in Norman Stanley Fletcher's cell Mackay Sacked in Porridge which was a joke to Mr. Mackay.

Honours

Player
Heart of Midlothian
 Scottish League Division One: 1957–58
 Scottish Cup: 1955–56
 Scottish League Cup: 1954–55, 1958–59

Tottenham Hotspur
 Football League First Division: 1960–61
 FA Cup: 1960–61, 1961–62, 1966–67
 European Cup Winner's Cup: 1962–63
 FA Charity Shield: 1961, 1962, 1967 (shared)

Derby County
 Football League Second Division: 1968–69
 Watney Cup: 1970

Scotland national team
British Home Championship: 1962–63, 1963–64 (shared)

Manager
Derby County
 Football League First Division: 1974–75
 FA Charity Shield: 1975

Zamalek
 Egyptian Premier League: 1991–92, 1992–93

Al-Arabi
VIVA Premier League : 5
Kuwait Emir Cup : 2

Career statistics

International appearances

International goals

Managerial record

See also
List of English football championship winning managers

References

External links

 Dave Mackay Hearts Career Record
 Dave Mackay Scotland Record
 Dave Mackay Scotland Football League Record
 Dave Mackay Profile
 MEHSTG Dave Mackay obituary

1934 births
2015 deaths
Footballers from Edinburgh
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Men's association football sweepers
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Scottish football managers
Scottish expatriate football managers
Swindon Town F.C. managers
Nottingham Forest F.C. managers
Derby County F.C. managers
Walsall F.C. managers
Doncaster Rovers F.C. managers
Birmingham City F.C. managers
Zamalek SC managers
1958 FIFA World Cup players
English Football Hall of Fame inductees
English Football League players
English Football League managers
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Egypt
Expatriate football managers in Egypt
Expatriate football managers in Kuwait
Expatriate football managers in Qatar
Expatriate football managers in the United Arab Emirates
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Newtongrange Star F.C. players
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
English Football League representative players
Qatar national football team managers
Scotland men's junior international footballers
Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) managers
Kuwait Premier League managers

Dave Mackay


The Japanese short-tailed bat (Eptesicus japonensis) is a species of bat belonging to the family Vespertilionidae. It is endemic to Japan where it is found at the base of the northern Japanese Alps, the Chichibu Mountains and Oze National Park, mostly at altitudes higher than 700 m.

Description

The Japanese short-tailed bat is small with a head and body length of 58 to 68 mm. Forearm length is 38 to 41.5 mm, tail length is 35 to 43 mm, foot length is 8.7 to 11.5 mm, and ear length is 13 to 16.5 mm. Its fur is short, soft and shiny, with dark blackish-brown dorsal parts, yellowish-brown ventral parts, and a golden brown collar that extends from behind the ears to the chest. The nostrils are prominent and the muzzle is wide due to the presence of two glandular masses on the sides. The wing membranes are broad, thick, opaque and attached to the rear base of the metatarsal bone of the big toe. The tip of the tail extends slightly beyond the interfemoral membrane that connects the legs.

Population and distribution

There is limited information about this species. Only a few surveys have been carried out, with about 20 records reported. They are thought to be rare with patchy distribution across Japan. Individuals have been observed above 700 m around the northern Japanese Alps, the mountains near Chichibu and in Oze National Park. It roosts in hollow trees.

Conservation status

The species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN because it has so far only been observed in an area of less than 5,000 km2. It is also facing problems with damage and destruction of its habitat. The bats normally roost in hollow trees, deforestation leads to a loss of these roost sites and they then roost in buildings where they are vulnerable to disturbances by human activity.

References

External links

Mammals described in 1953
Eptesicus
Endemic mammals of Japan

Japanese short-tailed bat


The Nicholas Range (Persian: سلسله کوه نیکلاس), known locally as Selselehi-i Koh-i-Wakhan (سلسله کوه واخان)  is a range of mountains in the Pamir Mountains on the border of Afghanistan and Tajikistan that crosses the Wakhan in Afghanistan.   The range separates the Little Pamir and Great Pamir in the Wakhan. The area is sparsely populated by Wakhi and Kyrgyz.

The range has peaks that rise 5500 to 5800 metres (18,000 to 19,000 ft) elevation.  The range is about  in length. The Afghan-Tajik border follows the crest of the eastern half of the range.

The range was given the title Nicholas Range during the joint Russo-British Pamir Boundary Commission of 1895 that delineated the border between Russian and Afghan territory. In exchange for a British agreement to use the term Nicholas Range, in honour of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, on official maps, the Russians agreed to refer to Lake Zorkul as Lake Victoria in honor of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Further reading
  Ewan W. Anderson, Global Geopolitical Flashpoints: An Atlas of Conflict, P 358

References

Mountain ranges of Afghanistan
Mountain ranges of Tajikistan
Afghanistan–Tajikistan border
Pamir Mountains
Wakhan

Nicholas Range (Pamir Mountains)


In probability theory, the probability integral transform (also known as universality of the uniform) relates to the result that data values that are modeled as being random variables from any given continuous distribution can be converted to random variables having a standard uniform distribution. This holds exactly provided that the distribution being used is the true distribution of the random variables; if the distribution is one fitted to the data, the result will hold approximately in large samples.

The result is sometimes modified or extended so that the result of the transformation is a standard distribution other than the uniform distribution, such as the exponential distribution.

The transform was introduced by Ronald Fisher in his 1932 edition of the book Statistical Methods for Research Workers.

Applications

One use for the probability integral transform in statistical data analysis is to provide the basis for testing whether a set of observations can reasonably be modelled as arising from a specified distribution. Specifically, the probability integral transform is applied to construct an equivalent set of values, and a test is then made of whether a uniform distribution is appropriate for the constructed dataset. Examples of this are P–P plots and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests.

A second use for the transformation is in the theory related to copulas which are a means of both defining and working with distributions for statistically dependent multivariate data. Here the problem of defining or manipulating a joint probability distribution for a set of random variables is simplified or reduced in apparent complexity by applying the probability integral transform to each of the components and then working with a joint distribution for which the marginal variables have uniform distributions.

A third use is based on applying the inverse of the probability integral transform to convert random variables from a uniform distribution to have a selected distribution: this is known as inverse transform sampling.

Statement

Suppose that a random variable  has a continuous distribution for which the cumulative distribution function (CDF) is  Then the random variable  defined as

has a standard uniform distribution.

Equivalently, if  is the uniform measure on , the distribution of  on  is the pushforward measure .

Proof

Given any random continuous variable , define . Given , if  exists (i.e., if there exists a unique  such that ), then:

If  does not exist, then it can be replaced in this proof by the function , where we define , , and  for , with the same result that . Thus,  is just the CDF of a  random variable, so that  has a uniform distribution on the interval .

Examples

For a first, illustrative example, let  be a random variable with a standard normal distribution . Then its CDF is

where  is the error function. Then the new random variable  defined by  is uniformly distributed.

As second example, if  has an exponential distribution with unit mean, then its CDF is

and the immediate result of the probability integral transform is that

has a uniform distribution. Moreover, by symmetry of the uniform distribution,

also has a uniform distribution.

See also
Inverse transform sampling

References

Theory of probability distributions

Probability integral transform