Christopher Colles (1739–1816) was an Irish and American engineer and inventor, known for his work on numerous inland improvement projects, among them a water distribution system in New York City, canals to link the Atlantic seaboard to the American interior, and a road atlas of the northeastern United States.  Described by his contemporaries and by historians as "ingenious" and "restless," many of his projects proved too ambitious to be realised and few attained real success. In certain quarters he was described contemptuously as a "visionary projector," yet he was also credited with being the first to conceive a waterway to the West that would ultimately be achieved by the Erie Canal.

Education and early career
Colles was born in Ireland in 1739.  From an early age he excelled in mathematics and mechanics.  After the death of his father, Colles was raised by his uncle William Colles, himself a mathematician and engineer, and later tutored by the geographer and traveller Richard Pococke.  It was Pococke who helped Colles get his start, securing for him a post as paymaster on the River Nore.  Colles later worked on various inland navigation and architectural projects in Limerick, for a time under the Italian architect Davis Ducart.  In 1767 Colles did surveys of Limerick which were later collected and published as a map.  In 1764 he married Anne Keough of Dublin.

After the death of his uncle William, Colles emigrated to America, landing in Philadelphia in 1771.  There he advertised his services as an engineer and architect, but when no position materialised, Colles turned to public lecturing on science and engineering.  His syllabus included, among other topics, lectures and demonstrations on hydraulics, mechanics, hydrostatics, pneumatics, and geography.

Eager to do real engineering, Colles designed and built a steam engine for a local distillery, which he funded from his own pocket.  The engine failed after a few trials, due not to its design but to the meager expense Colles was able to allot to its construction.  Thinking that a favourable word from the scientific establishment might help him garner funds for a more powerful engine, Colles sought a review from David Rittenhouse and the American Philosophical Society.  They noted the engine's shortcomings but praised its engineer: "We are of the opinion that the undertaker is well acquainted with the principles of this particular branch of Mechanics and very capable of carrying it into execution & therefore worthy of Public encouragement."  But no such encouragement came from the society.  The society knew Colles and had allowed him access to its facilities for his lectures, but this may have worked against him.  He was not invited to become a member as some distrusted him as a "showman," a slight that deeply disappointed him.  In 1774, Colles left Philadelphia for New York, and there he began his career in earnest, conceiving and designing the projects which would ultimately become his biography.

Projects
In New York City, Colles proposed the construction of a water distribution system, consisting of a series of wells, a pump driven by a steam engine to extract the water, a reservoir to store the water, and the piping necessary to distribute it throughout the city.  The Common Council of the city thought the project too ambitious but nevertheless granted him funding.  By 1775 Colles had begun organising his project, and within months had completed the well, the pump, and the reservoir, but at the British invasion of the city in 1776, work on the project ceased.  While in New York, Colles was a frequent visitor to the shop of Anthony Lamb, a maker of scientific and engineering instruments.  He also befriended Lamb's son, John Lamb, a Son of Liberty, who would go on to a prominent career in the Continental Army.  Colles's sympathies during this period were with the Americans and perhaps owing to this and to his friendship with John Lamb, he thought it prudent to extract his family from the now British-controlled city. His water system was left incomplete and eventually it was destroyed by the British.

During the Revolution, Colles was more or less on the run, first to New Jersey, and thence to Kingston NY, and possibly to Albany.  During that time he served as an artillery instructor in the Continental Army under General Henry Knox at the Pluckemin Academy. He remained in that position until Baron von Steuben was invited to take charge.  It is not clear why Colles went to Kingston but he remained there until the British burned it in 1777.  Possibly during his itinerancy, Colles sought work in upstate New York as an engineer on barricades and forts.   It is also not clear what motivated his constant movements, whether to stay clear of the British or to seek a living doing surveys and engineering.

As the war drew to a close, Colles petitioned in a letter to General Washington in 1783 to remove obstacles along a short stretch of the Ohio River, which would open the entire river to navigation from Fort Pitt to the Mississippi, a project Washington thought laudable, but next to impossible to achieve.  Owing to the "present juvenile state of the Country…and the want of resources," Washington concluded, "it appears to me that this is too early a day for accomplishing such great undertakings."  He further admonished Colles to attempt "works of more immediate public utility."

In the 1780s, Colles surveyed the waterways of upstate New York and in 1785 presented to the New York State legislature a plan to improve the waterways of the Mohawk Valley in New York.  In his pamphlet entitled the Proposal for the Speedy Settlement of the Waste and Unappropriated Lands on the Western Frontiers of the State of New York, Colles proposed that a series of canals and locks be constructed along the Mohawk River and Wood Creek that once completed, would connect the Hudson River and Lake Ontario, effectively uniting by water passage the Atlantic Ocean to the interior of North America.  His plan called for the granting of land tracts along the route to canal workers and settlers, the land grants and the waterway improvements together guaranteeing, as his title suggested, the "speedy settlement" of the frontier. He presented the plan to the New York State legislature, which allowed for the idea so long as it was privately funded, but when Colles could not raise sufficient capital, he abandoned the project.

In 1789, Colles published A Survey of Roads of the United States, a set of strip maps, three to a page, of major routes between New England and Virginia. The Survey was the first comprehensive road atlas published in the United States, detailing roads and major landmarks—lakes, rivers, crossings, farms, taverns—that a traveller would pass and might seek out on his travels between cities and across the barely settled frontier.  Many of these maps were based on the surveys he conducted in upstate New York during the war years, while others, particularly in the south, were based on the surveys of two military surveyors, Simeon DeWitt and Robert Erskine.  For his own surveys, Colles used a perambulator of his own design and construction.  Colles proposed selling the atlas by means of subscription to travellers—really a way of raising capital to complete the project—and he made it convenient by allowing subscribers to purchase only those strips of the map that were needed for whatever route the traveller was interested in.  Despite these conveniences and the practicality of the Survey, subscriptions were too few to enable Colles to continue.

Visionary
As Colles grew older and his prospects diminished, his projects nevertheless grew increasingly bold and more elaborate.  Though the Survey was a financial failure, its technical merits emboldened Colles to propose another atlas to be called the Geographical Ledger and Systematized Atlas (1794), which was the Survey extended to the rest of the world.  The Ledger would consist of individual sheets, each one to show approximately two degrees of latitude by four degrees of longitude, at a scale of ten miles to the inch.  It would also be indexed and, like the Survey, would contain references of major landmarks.  The Survey in fact was to be incorporated into the Ledger.  Its title was suggested by its search mechanism, that through the use of the index and references, "the situation of places can be found as speedily as a merchant can find any particular account in his ledger." But again, little came of this scheme; only the introduction and a few plates survive.

Perhaps Colles's most ambitious project was the Timber Canal, a set of canals to be built entirely of timber and elevated above ground rather than dug into it.  It would solve at least two problems: the difficulty of digging into the ground ("enormous roots of the trees make digging expensive"), and what to do with the "immense forests...[and] timber in abundance now constantly burning and rotting away." As was his practice, Colles put his ideas into a pamphlet, the Proposal for a Design for the Promotion of the Interests of the United States (1808).  Like his other pamphlets, the Proposal was a work of the imagination, describing in meticulous detail how the canals should be designed and built, how their construction would be funded by private companies, and what benefits would accrue to the settlers whom he expected would "flock towards the canals." Colles planned a single route across New Jersey to start, extending from the Navesink River west to Bordentown on the Delaware River.  Of all his projects, the Timber Canal was the most revolutionary, and perhaps for this reason the least likely to be achieved.  Nothing ever came of it.

Later years
During the War of 1812 Colles established and supervised an optical telegraph system to keep New York City protected from British Attacks. It was perhaps the second telegraph system established in the United States, and the first in New York City. He was commissioned a Captain in the New York Militia.
Colles spent his last years in New York City, where he proposed one last scheme: a semaphore telegraph system to be strung along the Atlantic seaboard from Passamaquoddy Bay (Maine) to New Orleans.  He did manage to erect a small system between Sandy Hook, New Jersey and New York City, which was used for a time to send word to the city of incoming ships. Earlier in his career, in 1784, Colles had constructed a solar microscope and offered public displays of insects and other minute phenomena as seen on a microscopic level.  In 1815, he collected and published his observations in a pamphlet entitled the An Account of the Astonishing Beauties and Operations of Nature.  But his career was at an end.  In 1816, his friend and sometime benefactor, John Pintard, offered him a post as custodian of the old almshouse building which was to house various New York scientific and arts institutions.  Colles was in this position only a few months before he died in 1816.  He was buried at St. Paul Church, in New York City, in an unmarked grave.

Legacy
What is known of Colles comes mostly through reminiscences of friends and rivals, through scattered tributes to his ideas over the years; and not least through his many pamphlets, which were always detailed, sometimes plaintive, occasionally poetic and prophetic.  He figures as a technology pioneer in America, someone who was there at the beginning of several historical tides in American engineering history—of canal building, of cartography, and of water systems—though his lack of success relegated him to historical obscurity.  His lack of success has been attributed to Colles's being "one of those gifted men whose misfortune consists in being ahead of their times," and to the difficulties of being so ambitious in so young and unestablished a country: "[Colles] was urban in an agrarian age, and an inventor, geographer, and engineer before there were many." Colles himself attributed failure to bad luck.  In a rueful self-assessment he made to his friend and earliest biographer, John Wakefield Francis, Colles allowed that "Had I been brought up a hatter, people would have come into the world without heads."

Notes

References

Bathe, Greville. An Engineer's Miscellany.  Philadelphia: Patterson & White, 1938.
Colles, Christopher.
Proposal for the Speedy Settlement of the Waste and Unappropriated Lands on the Western Frontiers of the State of New York.  New York: Samuel Loudon, 1785.
Geographical Ledger and Systematized Atlas.  New York, 1794.
Proposal for a Design for the Promotion of the Interests of the United States of America.  New York, 1808.
Account of the Astonishing Beauties and Operations of Nature. New York, 1816
Francis, John Wakefield.  "Reminiscences of Christopher Colles".  The Atlantic Souvenir. New York, 1859.
Hosack, David. Memoir of DeWitt Clinton.  New York: J. Seymour, 1829.
Koeppel, Gerard T.  Water for Gotham: A History.  Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
O'Reilly, Henry.  "Christopher Colles, and the First Proposal of a Telegraph System in the United States".  Historical Magazine, Morrisania, NY, 1869.
Popper, Deborah Epstein.  "Poor Christopher Colles: An Innovator's Obstacles in Early America".  The Journal of American Culture, Vol. 28 No. 2, 2005.
Ristow, Walter, ed. A Survey of the Roads of the United States of America, 1789, Christopher Colles.  Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1961.

Stevens, John Austin.  "Christopher Colles: The First Projector of Inland Navigation in America". The Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries.  New York & Chicago: A.S.Barnes, 1878.

1739 births
1816 deaths
18th-century Irish people
19th-century Irish people
Irish emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
Irish inventors
18th-century American inventors
19th-century American inventors
Irish engineers

Christopher Colles


Élisabeth Duparc or Du Parc, nicknamed "La Francesina", (died 1778) was a French soprano notable for appearing in several premieres and performances of the oratorios and operas of Handel - she played the title role, for example, in the premiere of Semele, and sang in the premiere of Saul.

After training in Italy she sang in Florence (1731, 1734–35) then London (1736 onwards) - at the latter she initially joined the Opera of the Nobility, where she appeared in operas by Riccardo Broschi, Egidio Duni, Giovanni Battista Pescetti and Francesco Maria Veracini.

References

French operatic sopranos
1778 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Singers from London
Place of birth unknown

Élisabeth Duparc


Joachim is a given name, derived from the Hebrew Yehoyaqim (), meaning "raised by Yahweh".

People
 Jehoiakim (c. 635–597 BC), king of Judah, from whom all later versions of the name are directly or indirectly derived
 Jehoiachin, king of Judah and son of Jehoiakim
 Joachim, a Saint in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions. He was the father of Mary, the mother of Jesus
 Joachim of Fiore (c. 1135–1202),  Italian monk, founder of the heretical "Three Ages" theory
 Joachim Gutkeled (c.1240–1277), Hungarian baron
 Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (1484–1535), German member of the Hohenzollern
 Patriarch Joachim I of Constantinople, reigned 1498–1502,1504
 Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (1505–1571)
 Joachim du Bellay (1522–1560), French poet
 Patriarch Joachim of Moscow (1620–1690), the eleventh Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia
 Joachim Perinet (1763–1816), Austrian dramatist
 Prince Joachim Murat (1767–1815), Marshal of the Empire, Grand Duke of Berg and King of Naples
 Otto Joachim Moltke (1770–1853), Danish politician and Minister of State
 Joachim Patrikios (1786–1868), born in Ithaca, Greece, a Saint in the Eastern Orthodox tradition
 Joseph Joachim Raff (1822–1882), German-Swiss composer, teacher and pianist
 Patriarch Joachim II of Constantinople, reigned 1860–1863, 1873–1878
 Joachim, 4th Prince Murat (1834–1901), Major-General in the French Army
 Ecumenical Patriarch Joachim III of Constantinople (1834–1912)
 Joachim (Levitsky) (1853–c.1921), Russian Orthodox bishop and religious writer
 Joachim, 5th Prince Murat (1856–1932), member of the Bonaparte-Murat family
 Joachim Ringelnatz (1883–1934), pen name of German author and painter Hans Bötticher
 Joachim Albrecht Eggeling (1884–1945), German Nazi SS officer
 Joachim, 6th Prince Murat (1885–1938), member of the Bonaparte-Murat family
 Prince Joachim of Prussia (1890–1920), German royal
 Joachim Stutschewsky (1891–1982), Ukraine-born Austrian and Israeli cellist
 Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893–1946), German Nazi foreign minister and war criminal
 Joachim Ziegler (1905–1948), German Nazi SS commander
 Joachim Mrugowsky (1905–1948), German Nazi doctor executed for war crimes
 Joachim Gruppelaar (1911–1971), Dutch Olympic equestrian
 Joachim Rumohr (1911–1971), German Nazi SS commander
 Joachim Hamann (1913–1945), Baltic-German Holocaust perpetrator
 Joachim Peiper (1915–1976), German war criminal and SS leader
 Joachim Rønneberg (1919–2018), member of the Gunnerside team of the sabotage of the heavy water plant at Vemork
 Joachim-Ernst Berendt (1922–2000), German jazz journalist
 Joachim Fest (1926–2006), German historian, writer on Nazi Germany including an important biography of Adolf Hitler
 Joachim Fuchsberger (1927–2014), German actor and television host
 Joachim, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau (1929–1998), German count
 Joachim Wendler (1939–1975), German aquanaut
 Joachim Gauck (born 1940), President of Germany 2012–2017
 Joachim, 8th Prince Murat (born 1944), current head of the Murat family
 Joachim Sauer (born 1949), German scientist
 Joachim Witt (born 1949), German musician and actor
 Joachim Kroll (1933–1991), German serial killer, rapist, and cannibal
 Hans-Joachim Stuck (born 1951), German motor racing driver
 Joachim Löw (born 1960), German football coach and former manager of the German national team
 Joachim Nagel (born 1966), German economist and current President of the Bundesbank
 Joachim Garraud, (born 1968), French DJ
 Prince Joachim of Denmark (born 1969)
 Joachim Stamp (born 1970), German politician
 Joachim Björklund (born 1971), Swedish football player
 Joachim, Prince of Pontecorvo (born 1973), member of the Bonaparte-Murat family
 Joachim Johansson (born 1982), Swedish tennis player
 Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este (born 1991)

Fictional characters
 Joachim (Star Trek), a villain from the Star Trek episode "Space Seed" and the movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
Joachim, the Norwegian protagonist of Jostein Gaarder's novel The Christmas Mystery
Elder Joachim, a high-ranking member of the Panarii religion and mentor to the character Virgil in the 2001 video game Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura
Joachim de Wett, a Nilfgaardian commander in The Witcher series
Joachim Armster, the vampiric boss of the Dark Palace of Waterfalls in the Castlevania: Lament of Innocence video game

Other language forms
 Albanian: Gjokë (def.), Gjoka (indef.)
 Armenian: Hovakim (Հովակիմ)
 Basque: Jokin, Iokin
 Catalan: Joaquim, Quim, Ximo (in Valencian)
 Czech: Jáchym
 Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish: Joakim
 Dutch: Jochem, Jogchum, Jochen, Joachim
 French: Joachim
 Galician: Xaquín
 German: Joachim, Jochen, Achim
 Greek: Iōākeím ()
 Hungarian: Joakim
 Icelandic: Jóakim
 Irish: Ioaichím
 Italian: Gioacchino
 Maltese: Ġwakkin
 Murcian: Iacin, Juaqui, Quino
 Polish: Joachim
 Portuguese: Joaquim (short forms: Jaquim, Quim, Quincas)
 Romanian: Ioachim
 Russian: Ioakim (), Akim ()
 Serbian: Joakim (), Jakim (), Akim (), Aćim (), Jaćim (), and diminutives.
 Spanish: Joaquín
 Swedish: Joakim, Joacim, Joachim
 Ukrainian: Ioakim (Йоаким), Iakim (Яким)

See also
 Joachim (surname)
 Patriarch Joachim (disambiguation)
 Prince Joachim (disambiguation)
 Hakim (name)
 Joakim
 Joaquim
 Joaquín

References

Masculine given names
German masculine given names

Joachim (given name)


Assyriska Fotbollsföreningen, also known simply as Assyriska FF, is a Swedish football club based in Södertälje, Stockholm County. The club, formed in 1974 by Assyrian immigrants, has advanced through the league system and is currently playing in the fourth highest Swedish league, Division 2. They played in the highest Swedish football league Allsvenskan in 2005 where their games were broadcast in over 80 countries. The club has also played a final in Svenska Cupen, which was lost against IF Elfsborg in 2003.

Assyriska is often viewed as a substitute national team by the Assyrian people.

The club has a fan base from all over the world and has also their own pop song which is called "My Assyrian team – the team of my dream". A documentary film about Assyriska called "Assyriska: A National Team Without A Nation" was also made in 2006 by Nuri Kino and Erik Sandberg. The success of the documentary film made it possible to win the Golden Palm Award at the Beverly Hills Film Festival.

History

Assyriska Föreningen in Södertälje was founded in 1971 by ethnic Assyrian refugees from Turkey who belonged to the Syriac Orthodox Church. Three years later, a football team was started and played its first season in the lowest league in 1975. They advanced through the divisions and reached the second highest league, Division 1 (today replaced by Superettan), in 1992, as the first immigrant team ever. The team was however relegated in 1993, and the next few years, the club played every second year in Division 1 before managing to stay there for more than one season in 1997.

In 2003 Assyriska made it to the final in Svenska Cupen, where they lost with 0–2 against IF Elfsborg. On the way to the final, they won against IFK Göteborg with 4–1 and Djurgårdens IF with 0–4.

They lost a promotion play-off against Örebro SK in 1999, but five years later, in 2004, Assyriska was promoted to Allsvenskan, the highest league, for the first time as Örebro SK was relegated due to economical problems. Assyriska's debut in Allsvenskan went well in the beginning and they had a couple of notable wins against big clubs as IFK Göteborg with 0–3 and against IF Elfsborg with 1–3. However Assyriska were relegated after only one season in the Allsvenskan, where they finished last. Since then Assyriska had fallen into Division 1 North, but enjoyed a strong season in 2007 to finish champions and were promoted back into the Superettan.

At the close of the 2009 season Assyriska, having held off the challenge of rivals Syrianska FC to finish third in the Superettan table, faced Djurgårdens IF in a play-off for a place in the Allsvenskan in 2010. Assyriska won the first match at home 2–0 but were overcome 3–0 after extra time in the repeat. In season 2010, Assyriska finished 4th in the Superettan. But 2010 was a season in which football became irrelevant for Assyriska after the murder of player Eddie Moussa.

Since then, the team has made a series of mid-table finishes and remains in the Superettan for the 2013 season.

Stadium

Assyriska Föreningen's primary stadium since 2006 is Södertälje Fotbollsarena. Until 2006, the team played at the old stadium Bårsta IP.

Supporters

Assyriska Föreningen's official fan club is called Zelge Fans. They were first started 1993 by a group of Assyriska supporters in Södertälje. They were known as Neshre, which means eagle (or eagles) in Syriac. Three months after they launched, the club changed its name to Zelge Fans, Zelge meaning "sun rays" in Syriac. The sun rays are a symbol of the Assyrian flag, which is where the idea to name the fan club Zelge Fans came from. Most of the members are Assyrians, but the Zelge fan club also has many Swedish members.

Assyriska's fans are also growing in numbers as a result of the internet. During its early years, Assyriska did not have the mass means of communication to be able to spread their team information consistently to other mass Assyrian areas (Chicago, New Jersey, California, Toronto, Sydney, etc.). With the tech age, Assyriska has been able to spread its fan base outside of Södertälje and become known in over 80 countries. Acting as their national team, Assyriska represents the entire population of Assyrians throughout the world.

Assyriska has become a true symbol for Assyrians traveling to Sweden. Many make it their goal to watch an Assyriska match at least once when they travel to Sweden.

Players

First-team squad

Retired numbers
18 – Eddie Moussa, forward (2001–2010)

Notable players
  Mikael Ishak

Staff

Sports
 Head Coach: Carlos Banda
 Assistant Coach: Elias Merkes
 Assistant Coach: Alexander Bernhard

Achievements

League
 Division 1 Norra:
 Winners (1): 2007
 Runners-up (1): 1999

Cups
 Svenska Cupen:
 Runners-up (1): 2003

Notable coaches
  Peter Antoine (1999)
  Bo Petersson (2002)
  Conny Karlsson (2003–2004, 2009)
  José Morais (2005)
  Rikard Norling (2010–2011)

Season to season

See also
Syrianska FC
List of Assyrian-Syriac football teams in Sweden

References

External links
 Assyriska Föreningen – Official Team Site
 Zelge Fans – Official Supporter Club Site
 SvenskaFans Assyriska – Supporter Site

Football clubs in Södertälje
Allsvenskan clubs
Assyrian football clubs
Assyrian/Syriac football clubs in Sweden
Association football clubs established in 1971
Association football clubs established in 1974
1974 establishments in Sweden
Diaspora sports clubs
Diaspora football clubs in Sweden

Assyriska FF


Cape Palmas is a headland on the extreme southeast end of the coast of Liberia, Africa, at the extreme southwest corner of the northern half of the continent. The Cape itself consists of a small, rocky peninsula connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus. Immediately to the west of the peninsula is the estuary of the Hoffman River. Approximately 21 km (15 mi) further along the coast to the east, the Cavalla River empties into the sea, marking the border between Liberia and the Côte d'Ivoire. It marks the western limit of the Gulf of Guinea, according to the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).

Approached from the sea, there are several landmarks at the cape. Offshore from the estuary of the Hoffman lies the small, oblong shape of Russwurm Island, which was named after the first black governor of Maryland In Africa (later Republic of Maryland), John Brown Russwurm. This island is connected to the peninsula by a breakwater. There is also a lighthouse warning of the numerous shoals in the surrounding sea area. Clearly visible from offshore is a white building with an enormous golden orb on the roof, this being the masonic lodge hall located  in the city of Harper, Liberia.

Origin of the name

In 1458 Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent his captain Diogo Gomes (1440–1482) on a voyage of discovery and trade that took him and his crew as far south down the coast of West Africa as the mouth of the cape and estuary, which marks the point where the direction of the coastline of West Africa ceases to have any southerly component, but turns definitively to the east, beginning the Gulf of Guinea. Gomes named this geographic feature Cabo das Palmas, i.e. "Cape of the Palms", which was later semi-Anglicized to Cape Palmas.  The river was named Rio das Palmas, later to be called the Hoffman River. The name Cape Palmas (while Liberia was still known as the Malaguetta Coast in Europe) first appeared on various maps of Africa in Latin and later numerous European languages. The earliest map of Africa with the name Cape Palmas is Cantino planisphere completed in 1502.

History
In  December 1831, the Maryland state legislature appropriated US$10,000 for 26 years to transport free blacks and ex-slaves from the United States to Africa, and the Maryland State Colonization Society was established for this purpose. American-born Episcopal missionary teacher Elizabeth Mars Johnson Thomson taught at Cape Palmas from 1835 until 1862, and died at Cape Palmas in 1864.

Originally a branch of the American Colonization Society that founded Liberia in 1822, Maryland State Colonization Society decided to establish a new settlement of its own that could accommodate its emigrants and named it Maryland In Africa on February 12, 1834. With Cape Palmas at its center, the colony was granted statehood on February 2, 1841 and then independence on May 29, 1854. On March 18, 1857, the state of Maryland was annexed as a part of the Republic of Liberia, after signing an annexation treaty with the Republic of Liberia.

City of Harper
The city of Harper, Liberia (established 1835 by the Maryland State Colonization Society) extends to the northeast inland along the estuary of the Hoffman, providing a small harbor; the Hoffman Station settlement is on the right bank. The name Cape Palmas is generalized to indicate the entire surrounding region of Maryland County.  It is also frequently applied in the vernacular as being virtually synonymous with the county seat, Harper.

References

Palmas
Maryland County

Cape Palmas


Carnmenellis Hill (or just Carnmenellis) gives its name to the area of west Cornwall in England,  between Redruth, Helston and Penryn. The hill itself is situated approximately three miles (5 km) south of Redruth. It is one of five Marilyns in Cornwall; the others being Brown Willy (420 m), Kit Hill (334 m), Hensbarrow Beacon (312 m) and Watch Croft (252 m).  The natural region of Carnmenellis has been designated as national character area 155 by Natural England.

Penmarth, a nearby village, is sometimes referred to locally as Carnmenellis.

The term 'Carnmenellis Granite' refers to the plateau of high ground in this area, one of five granite plutons in Cornwall that make up part of the Cornubian batholith (see also Geology of Cornwall).

Carnmenellis was also the name of a former ecclesiastical parish created in 1846 from part of Wendron parish. Initially, the parish included the area which later became the parish of Pencoys. Today, most of the Carmenellis area is in Stithians civil parish.

The summit of Carnmenellis Hill is located at OS grid reference:) and is 252 metres (828 feet) above sea level. A microwave transmitting and receiving tower on the summit is used for telephone and computer connections as well as other data and  television and radio broadcasting links. It is maintained by BT.

A number of Iron Age fortifications surround the hill, but little archaeological research has been done on the site.

There is no public right of way across the summit, and the surrounding land is private farmland, though about half of the fields are Open Access land.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Moorlands of Cornwall
Geology of Cornwall
Hills of Cornwall
Marilyns of Cornwall
Natural regions of England

Carnmenellis


Troyville Earthworks (16 CT 7) is a Woodland period Native American archaeological site with components dating from 100 BCE to 700 CE during the Baytown to the Troyville-Coles Creek periods. It once had the tallest mound in Louisiana at  in height. It is located in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana in the town of Jonesville. The site is the type site for the Troyville culture of the lower Ouachita and Tensas River valleys. Before it was destroyed for bridge approach fill in 1931, the main mound at Troyville was one of the tallest in North America.

Site description

The site is at the confluence of the Tensas, Ouachita, and Little Rivers. It had nine platform mounds and a perimeter embankment that were built before 700 CE. A historian, John W. Monette, in 1844 described the complex as occupying close to 400 acres and noted the existence of twelve small mounds and one large one. The embankment was started during the Middle Baytown period, with periodic repair work taking place during the Late Baytown period. The largest mound, Mound 5 ( also known as the "Great Mound" ), was  in height. It was the tallest precolumbian mound in Louisiana and the second tallest in North America. Its base covered an acre of ground and had three levels, the bottom two rectangular and the third on the top a truncated conical mound. Monette described the lower level of Mound 5 as being  by  at its base and rising to the height of . He described the conical mound at the top as . Measurements for the smaller mounds at the site were about  to  in height with bases measuring  by . Four of the mounds were surrounded on the southern and western side of the plaza by the embankment, which measured  in height,  in width and  across.

By the time of the American Civil War, the mound had been reduced in size to  in height. During the Civil War, the mound was reduced even further when some of its fill was removed to construct Confederate rifle pits. In 1871 the town of Jonesville was founded on the site and more of Mound A's fill was used to fill ditches (borrow pits created by the removal of earth to construct the mounds themselves) and level the land as the town grew. The townspeople frequently camped out on the mounds during flooding.

In 1883 the site was visited by the prominent ethnologist Cyrus Thomas, who described the group as then consisting of six mounds within an embankment, with some of the smaller mounds having been largely destroyed. One had been turned into a modern cemetery, which can still be seen today on the grounds of the local Methodist Church. The Great Mound had also been reduced, by this time it was only  in height,  in length and  in width. In 1931 the mound was drastically reduced in size, the majority of its remaining mass being used as fill for a nearby bridge approach. Today the mound is only  in height.

Excavations

The site takes its name from the Troy Plantation, which was part of a Spanish land grant of 1,000 acres made to John Hebrard in 1786. William Dunbar was the first European to make note of the mound site in his report to Thomas Jefferson for the Red River expedition of 1804. It is the first written description of an archaeological site in Louisiana.

In 1931 and 1932 the Smithsonian archaeologist Winslow Walker excavated parts of the site. He found woven cane matting, palmetto fronds, and wooden planks within the mound, materials used by the Native Americans as part of the complex engineering to build the large structure. These materials had been used to construct a "cane dome", which had been layered like an onion by alternating layers of split cane and mound fill to strengthen the structure. The builders also used different colors of dirt, including blue clays and red clays. Walker also discovered a log palisade and steps made of tree trunks up one corner of the mound. He published a 103-page booklet on his work.

In the late 2000s parts of the site were being investigated for purchase by The Archaeological Conservancy, a nonprofit organization that plans to protect the site from future degradation. The Conservancy purchased the site of Mound 4 and the old house located on the property was demolished. The Conservancy plans to landscape and fence the site and use it as a research preserve.

See also
 Monks Mound
 Culture, phase, and chronological table for the Mississippi Valley

References

External links

Troyville Earthworks I: Ancient Mounds Trail - Louisiana Historical Markers on Waymarking.com
 Troyville Earthworks II: Ancient Mounds Trail - Louisiana Historical Markers on Waymarking.com
 Jonesville site (Troyville Great Mound)
 The builders of the Great Mound at Jonesville
 Great Mound was once the tallest in North America

Troyville culture
Archaeological sites of the Coles Creek culture
Mounds in Louisiana
Geography of Catahoula Parish, Louisiana

Troyville Earthworks


We Bare Bears: The Movie is a 2020 American animated comedy movie. It is based on the Cartoon Network television series of the same name.

Production
It was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Warner Bros. Pictures. It was theatrically released on December 11, 2020. Directed by series creator Daniel Chong from a story by Mikey Heller and Kris Mukai, We Bare Bears: The Movie stars the voices of series regulars Eric Edelstein, Bobby Moynihan and Demetri Martin as the three titular bears Grizz, Panda, and Ice Bear; joined by Marc Evan Jackson as Agent Trout and  Keith Ferguson as Officer Murphy. This movie is the series finale of We Bare Bears.

Voice cast and characters

 Eric Edelstein as Grizzly "Grizz", a grizzly bear and the eldest of the Bear brothers. Highly sociable yet socially inept, he among the Bears had the most desire to be accepted and loved by society and cares deeply for the well-being of his younger siblings.
 Sam Lavagnino as Baby Grizz.
 Bobby Moynihan as Panda, a panda bear and the middle brother. A hopeless romantic, he often changes his online personality to be perceived as a "cool guy".
 Max Mitchell as Baby Panda.
 Demetri Martin as Ice Bear, a polar bear and the youngest of the Bear brothers. Monotonous and stoic, he always speaks in third person and one-liners and has a variety of skills which prove to be useful in situations.
 Mitchell as Baby Ice Bear.
 Marc Evan Jackson as Agent Trout, a Wildlife Control agent, intent on capturing the Bears and separating them from human society and themselves, who is later defeated and arrested by Officer Murphy.
 Keith Ferguson as Officer Murphy, who is adamant about punishing the Bears for their antics. Ferguson also voices additional characters in the film.
 Jason Lee as Charlie, a Bigfoot friend of the Bears, who is also a yoga instructor and helped free the bears from Trout after some help from Brenda and his animal friends.
 Patton Oswalt as Nom Nom, an internet sensation koala.
 Charlyne Yi as Chloe Park, a collegiate child prodigy and a friend of the Bears.
 Mel Rodriguez as Darrell Saragosa, a friend of the Bears who works at a computer mouse shop.
 Cameron Esposito as Ranger Dana Tabes, a friend of the Bears who works as a park ranger near their home.
 Ellie Kemper as Lucy, a friend of the Bears who sells and delivers fresh produce.
 Travina Springer as Dramatic Cow, an internet-famous animal.
 Sarah Sobole as Angry Kitty, an internet-famous cat.
 Josh Cooley as Painting Elephant, an internet-famous elephant.
 Amber Liu as Jojo Raccoon, an internet-famous racoon.
 Jimmy O. Yang as Joey Raccoon, an internet-famous racoon and Jojo's brother.
 Fabrizio Guido as Pizza Rat, an internet-famous rat desperate for followers.
 James Trevena-Brown as Jacked Kangaroo, an internet-famous kangaroo.
 Brian Stevenson as Southern Owl, an internet-famous owl.
 Peter Jessop as the Canadian Border Guard
 Erin Fitzgerald as the Canadian poutine truck seller
 Additional Voices: Daniel Chong, Travina Springer, Josh Cooley, Ben Diskin, Keith Ferguson, Erin Fitzgerald, Ace Gibson, Grey Griffin, Manny Hernandez, Maggie Lowe, Edi Patterson, Kevin Michael Richardson, Stephanie Sheh, Rick Zieff

Production
According to We Bare Bears series creator Daniel Chong, he was approached by the Cartoon Network staff with an idea for a feature film based on the series in 2018. Despite having no previous experience in film, Chong accepted the proposal, drawing from his feature animation practice and reasoning that the characters he created have an emotional depth in them and capabilities he knew that could be sustained for a long period of time. Due to the then-continuing production of the series, Chong and his team had to prepare the film while finishing the episodes at the same time, which took over several months. The film's story was written by Mikey Heller and Kris Mukai, the main writers of the series. While writing it, they were inspired by the 2018 California wildfires and the Trump administration family separation policy that were occurring at the time, which lead to a family being separated from each other as a central theme to a forest fire being written in the story's climax. Chong remarked that sensitive topic such as those wouldn't appear to be ideal in the main children's television series. He also wanted the main themes within the series to be displayed in the film, such as diversity and the reason for anthropomorphic characters.

Chong remarked that the original treatment of the film was centered around the three Bears. But to balance the heavy themes, the film's core was shifted to be centralized around Grizz. The original meeting sequence was first written with the three bears reminiscing it but was rewritten to be focused on Grizz, who, as Chong felt, as the eldest of the brothers, was faced with the heaviest burdens and was most concerned with everyone's well-being. Chong also remarked that he was initially opposed to the addition of the other captive bears, as it could risk the main characters as uninteresting. The film was finalized as the Bears' final adventure and a conclusion to the original We Bare Bears series, though Chong had expressed intentions for it to continue to spin-offs, among other different ways. This was before he announced that he'll be departing Cartoon Network to work on another project. The animation on the film was produced by Rough Draft Studios and Saerom Animation, which had previously animated the television series.

Music

A soundtrack single for the film was released on December 4, 2020, by WaterTower Music.

Track listin

References

Other websites

2020 comedy movies
2020s English-language movies
We Bare Bears
Movies based on comics
Movies about bears
Movies about brothers
Movies about families
Movies about extraterrestrial life
Movies set in Canada

We Bare Bears: The Movie


Construction management (CM) is the use of project management techniques and software to oversee the planning, design, construction and closeout of a construction project.

About
Construction management aims to control the quality of a project's scope, time, and cost (sometimes referred to as a project management triangle or "triple constraints") to maximize the project owner's satisfaction.

Practitioners of construction management are called construction managers. Professional construction managers may be hired for large-scaled, high budget undertakings (commercial real estate, transportation infrastructure, industrial facilities, and military infrastructure), called capital projects. Construction managers use their knowledge of  project delivery methods to deliver the project optimally.

The role of a contractor
Contractors are assigned to a construction project during the design or once the design has been completed by a licensed architect or a licensed civil engineer. This is done by going through a bidding process with different contractors. As dictated by the project delivery method, the contractor is selected by using one of three common selection methods: low-bid selection, best-value selection, or qualifications-based selection.

A construction manager is hired for the following deliverables means and methods, communications with the authority having jurisdiction, time management, document control, cost controls and management, quality controls, decision making, mathematics, shop drawings, record drawings and human resources.

In the US, the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) states the most common responsibilities of a Construction Manager fall into the following 7 categories: Project Management Planning, Cost Management, Time Management, Quality Management, Contract Administration, Safety Management, and CM Professional Practice. CM professional practice includes specific activities such as defining the responsibilities and management structure of the project management team, organizing and leading by implementing project controls, defining roles and responsibilities, developing communication protocols, and identifying elements of project design and construction likely to give rise to disputes and claims.

Function
The functions of construction management typically include the following:
Specifying project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements, and selecting project participants.
Maximizing the resource efficiency through procurement of labor, materials and equipment.
Implementing various operations through proper coordination and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process.
Developing effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts.

Obtaining the project

Bids
A bid is given to the owner by construction managers that are willing to complete their construction project. A bid tells the owner how much money they should expect to pay the construction management company in order for them to complete the project.
Open bid: An open bid is used for public projects. Any and all contractors are allowed to submit their bid due to public advertising.
Closed bid: A closed bid is used for private projects. A selection of contractors are sent an invitation for bid so only they can submit a bid for the specified project.

Selection methods
Low-bid selection: This selection focuses on the price of a project. Multiple construction management companies submit a bid to the owner that is the lowest amount they are willing to do the job for. Then the owner usually chooses the company with the lowest bid to complete the job for them.
Best-value selection: This selection focuses on both the price and qualifications of the contractors submitting bids. This means that the owner chooses the contractor with the best price and the best qualifications. The owner decides by using a request for proposal (RFP), which provides the owner with the contractor's exact form of scheduling and budgeting that the contractor expects to use for the project.
Qualifications-based selection: This selection is used when the owner decides to choose the contractor only on the basis of their qualifications. The owner then uses a request for qualifications (RFQ), which provides the owner with the contractor's experience, management plans, project organization, and budget and schedule performance. The owner may also ask for safety records and individual credentials of their members. This method is most often used when the contractor is hired early during the design process so that the contractor can provide input and cost estimates as the design develops.

Payment contracts
Lump sum: This is the most common type of contract. The construction manager and the owner agree on the overall cost of the construction project and the owner is responsible for paying that amount whether the construction project exceeds or falls below the agreed price of payment.
Cost plus fee: This contract provides payment for the contractor including the total cost of the project as well as a fixed fee or percentage of the total cost. This contract is beneficial to the contractor since any additional costs will be paid for, even though they were unexpected for the owner.
Guaranteed maximum price: This contract is the same as the cost-plus-fee contract although there is a set price that the overall cost and fee do not go above.
Unitprice: This contract is used when the cost cannot be determined ahead of time. The owner provides materials with a specific unit price to limit spending.

Project stages

The stages of a typical construction project have been defined as feasibility, design, construction and operation, each stage relating to the project life cycle.

Feasibility and design
Feasibility and design involves four steps: programming and feasibility, schematic design, design development, and contract documents. It is the responsibility of the design team to ensure that the design meets all building codes and regulations. It is during the design stage that the bidding process takes place.
Conceptual/programming and feasibility: The needs, goals, and objectives must be determined for the building. Decisions must be made on the building size, number of rooms, how the space will be used, and who will be using the space. This must all be considered to begin the actual designing of the building. This phase is normally a written list of each room or space, the critical information about those spaces, and the approximate square footage of each area.
Schematic design: Schematic designs are sketches used to identify spaces, shapes, and patterns. Materials, sizes, colors, and textures must be considered in the sketches. This phase usually involves developing the floor plan, elevations, a site plan, and possibly a few details.
Design development (DD): This step requires research and investigation into what materials and equipment will be used as well as their cost. During this phase, the drawings are refined with information from structural, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical engineers. It also involves a more rigorous evaluation how the applicable building codes will impact the project.
Contract documents (CDs): Contract documents are the final drawings and specifications of the construction project. They are used by contractors to determine their bid while builders use them for the construction process. Contract documents can also be called working drawings.

Pre-construction
The pre-construction stage begins when the owner gives a notice to proceed to the contractor that they have chosen through the bidding process. A notice to proceed is when the owner gives permission to the contractor to begin their work on the project. The first step is to assign the project team which includes the project manager (PM), contract administrator, superintendent, and field engineer.
Project manager: The project manager is in charge of the project team.
Contract administrator: The contract administrator assists the project manager as well as the superintendent with the details of the construction contract.
Superintendent: It is the superintendent's job to make sure everything is on schedule, including the flow of materials, deliveries, and equipment. They are also in charge of coordinating on-site construction activities.
Field engineer: A field engineer is considered an entry-level position and is responsible for paperwork.
During the pre-construction stage, a site investigation must take place. A site investigation takes place to discover if any steps need to be implemented on the job site. This is in order to get the site ready before the actual construction begins. This also includes any unforeseen conditions, such as historical artifacts or environment problems. A soil test must be done to determine if the soil is in good condition to be built upon.

Procurement
The procurement stage is when labor, materials and equipment needed to complete the project are purchased. This can be done by the general contractor if the company does all their own construction work. If the contractor does not do their own work, they obtain it through subcontractors. Subcontractors are contractors who specialize in one particular aspect of the construction work such as concrete, welding, glass, or carpentry. Subcontractors are hired the same way a general contractor would be, which is through the bidding process. Purchase orders are also part of the procurement stage.
Purchase orders: A purchase order is used in various types of businesses. In this case, a purchase order is an agreement between a buyer and seller that the products purchased meet the required specifications for the agreed price.

Construction
The construction stage begins with a pre-construction meeting brought together by the superintendent (on an American project). The pre-construction meeting is meant to make decisions dealing with work hours, material storage, quality control, and site access. The next step is to move everything onto the construction site and set it all up.

A contractor progress payment schedule is a schedule of when (according to project milestones or specified dates) contractors and suppliers will be paid for the current progress of installed work.

Progress payments or interim payments are partial payments for work completed during a portion of a construction period, usually a month. Progress payments are made to general contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers as construction projects progress. Payments are typically made on a monthly basis but could be modified to meet certain milestones. Progress payments are an important part of contract administration for the contractor. Proper preparation of the information necessary for payment processing can help the contractor financially complete the project.

Owner occupancy
Once the owner moves into the building, a warranty period begins. This is to ensure that all materials, equipment, and quality meet the expectations of the owner that are included within the contract.

Issues resulting from construction

Dust and mud
When construction vehicles are driving around a site or moving earth, a lot of dust is created, especially during the dryer months. This may cause disruption for surrounding businesses or homes. A popular method of dust control is to have a water truck driving through the site spraying water on the dry dirt to minimize the movement of dust within and out of the construction site. When water is introduced, mud is created. This mud sticks to the tires of the construction vehicles and is often lead out to the surrounding roads.  A street sweeper may clean the roads to reduce dirty road conditions.

Environmental protections
Storm water pollution: As a result of construction, the soil is displaced from its original location which can possibly cause environmental problems in the future. Runoff can occur during storms which can possibly transfer harmful pollutants through the soil to rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal waters.
Endangered species: If endangered species have been found on the construction site, the site must be shut down for some time. The construction site must be shut down for as long as it takes for authorities to make a decision on the situation. Once the situation has been assessed, the contractor makes the appropriate accommodations to not disturb the species.
Vegetation: There may often be particular trees or other vegetation that must be protected on the job site. This may require fences or security tape to warn builders that they must not be harmed.
Wetlands: The contractor must make accommodations so that erosion and water flow are not affected by construction. Any liquid spills must be maintained due to contaminants that may enter the wetland.
Historical or cultural artifacts: Artifacts may include arrowheads, pottery shards, and bones. All work comes to a halt if any artifacts are found and will not resume until they can be properly examined and removed from the area.

Construction activity documentation
Project meetings take place at scheduled intervals to discuss the progress on the construction site and any concerns or issues. The discussion and any decisions made at the meeting must be documented.

Diaries, logs, and daily field reports keep track of the daily activities on a job site each day.
Diaries: Each member of the project team is expected to keep a project diary. The diary contains summaries of the day's events in the member's own words. They are used to keep track of any daily work activity, conversations, observations, or any other relevant information regarding the construction activities. Diaries can be referred to when disputes arise and a diary happens to contain information connected with the disagreement. Diaries that are handwritten can be used as evidence in court.
Logs: Logs keep track of the regular activities on the job site such as phone logs, transmittal logs, delivery logs, and RFI (Request for Information) logs.
Daily field reports: Daily field reports are a more formal way of recording information on the job site. They contain information that includes the day's activities, temperature and weather conditions, delivered equipment or materials, visitors on the site, images of the job site and equipment used that day.

Labor statements are required on a daily basis. Also list of Labor, PERT CPM are needed for labor planning to complete a project in time.

Resolving disputes
Mediation: Mediation uses a third party mediator to resolve any disputes. The mediator helps both disputing parties to come to a mutual agreement. This cost-saving process ensures that no attorneys become involved in the dispute and is less time-consuming.
Minitrial: A minitrial takes more time and money than a mediation. The minitrial takes place in an informal setting and involves some type of advisor or attorney that must be paid. The disputing parties may come to an agreement or the third party advisor may offer their advice. The agreement is nonbinding and can be broken.
Arbitration: Arbitration is the most costly and time-consuming way to resolve a dispute. Each party is represented by an attorney while witnesses and evidence are presented. Once all information is provided on the issue, the arbitrator makes a ruling which provides the final decision. The arbitrator provides the final decision on what must be done and it is a binding agreement between each of the disputing parties.

Study and practice
Construction Management education comes in a variety of formats: formal degree programs (two-year associate degree; four-year baccalaureate degree, master's degree, project management, operations management engineer degree, doctor of philosophy degree, postdoctoral researcher); on-the-job-training; and continuing education and professional development. Information on degree programs is available from ABET, the American Council for Construction Education (ACCE), the American Academy of Project Management (AAPM), the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) or the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC).

According to the American Council for Construction Education (one of the academic accreditation agencies responsible for accrediting construction management programs in the U.S.), the academic field of construction management encompasses a wide range of topics. These range from general management skills, through management skills specifically related to construction, to technical knowledge of construction methods and practices. There are many schools offering Construction Management programs, including some offering a master's degree.

Software

Capital project management software (CPMS) refers to the systems that are currently available that help capital project owner/operators, program managers, and construction managers, control and manage the vast amount of information that capital construction projects create. A collection, or portfolio of projects only makes this a bigger challenge. These systems go by different names: capital project management software, computer construction software, construction management software, project management information systems. Usually construction management can be referred as subset of CPMS where the scope of CPMS is not limited to construction phases of project.

Required knowledge
Construction and building
Technology
Public safety
Customer service
Human resources
Mathematics
Leadership

Project Delivery Methods

Design, bid, build contracts

The phrase "design, bid, build" describes the prevailing model of construction management, in which the general contractor is engaged through a tender process after designs have been completed by the architect or engineer.

Design-build contracts

Many owners – particularly government agencies – let out contracts known as design-build contracts. In this type of contract, the construction team (known as the design-builder) is responsible for taking the owner's concept and completing a detailed design before (following the owner's approval of the design) proceeding with construction. Virtual design and construction technology may be used by contractors to maintain a tight construction time.

There are three main advantages to a design-build contract. First, the construction team is motivated to work with the architect to develop a practical design. The team can find creative ways to reduce construction costs without reducing the function of the final product. The second major advantage involves the schedule. Many projects are commissioned within a tight time frame. Under a traditional contract, construction cannot begin until after the design is finished and the project has been awarded to a bidder. In a design-build contract the contractor is established at the outset, and construction activities can proceed concurrently with the design. The third major advantage is that the design-build contractor has an incentive to keep the combined design and construction costs within the owner's budget. If speed is important, design and construction contracts can be awarded separately; bidding takes place on preliminary plans in a not-to-exceed contract instead of a single firm design-build contract.

The major problem with design-build contracts is an inherent conflict of interest. In a standard contract the architect works for the owner and is directly responsible to the owner. In design-build teaming agreement, the architect works for the design-builder, not the owner, therefore the design-builder may make design and construction decisions that benefit the design-builder, but that may not benefit the owner. During construction, the architect normally acts as the owner's representative. This includes reviewing the builder's work and ensuring that the products and methods meet specifications and codes. The architect's role is compromised when the architect works for the design-builder and not for the owner directly. Thus, the owner may get a building that is over-designed to increase profits for the design-builder, or a building built with lesser-quality products to maximize profits. However, incentive clauses are written into the contract to mitigate these issues.

Project Management as PDM

Turnkey Contracts

A project delivery method where the construction company takes full responsibility for a project.

Construction Management as PDM

The construction industry typically includes three parties: an owner, a licensed designer (architect or engineer) and a builder (usually known as a general contractor). There are traditionally two contracts between these parties as they work together to plan, design and construct the project. The first contract is the owner-designer contract, which involves planning, design, and construction contract administration. The second contract is the owner-contractor contract, which involves construction. An indirect third-party relationship exists between the designer and the contractor, due to these two contracts.

An owner may also contract with a construction project management company as an adviser, creating a third contract relationship in the project. The construction manager's role is to provide construction advice to the designer, design advice to the constructor on the owner's behalf and other advice as necessary.

The construction project manager is sometimes referred to as an "Owner's Representative."  The CM's role is to represent the interests of the Owner throughout the various phases of a project beginning as early as feasibility studies and conceptual planning of the project. Construction Managers help to inform good decision making on behalf of the owner through planning, design, permitting, construction contract procurement, and during construction. A primary role of the CM is to ensure the terms of the Construction Contract are fulfilled by the Contractor. A CM can be an individual or company focused on providing construction management services. A CM typically does not hold the contracts of the project design firms or construction firms but assists or leads the effort on behalf of the Owner to procure those services and ensure successful execution of those contracts' terms.

A CM firm is typically hired as a personal or professional, qualifications-based service rather than as a bid. Costs are based on a guaranteed maximum price or fixed price, and substantiated by level of effort or staffing plan that identifies the hours per service task to be provided, and based on individual billable hourly rates of proposed project-assigned staff.

Agency CM
Construction cost management is a fee-based service in which the construction manager (CM) is responsible exclusively to the owner, acting in the owner's interests at every stage of the project. The construction manager offers impartial advice on matters such as:
Optimum use of available funds
Control of the scope of the work
Project scheduling
Optimum use of design and construction firms' skills and talents
Avoidance of delays, changes and disputes
Enhancing project design and construction quality
Optimum flexibility in contracting and procurement
Cash-flow management

Comprehensive management of every stage of the project, beginning with the original concept and project definition, yields the greatest benefit to owners. As time progresses beyond the pre-design phase, the CM's ability to effect cost savings diminishes. The agency CM can represent the owner by helping select the design and construction teams and managing the design (preventing scope creep), helping the owner stay within a predetermined budget with value engineering, cost-benefit analysis and best-value comparisons. The software-application field of construction collaboration technology has been developed to apply information technology to construction management.

CM at-risk (CMaR)
CM at-risk is a delivery method which entails a commitment by the construction manager to deliver the project within a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP). The construction manager acts as a consultant to the owner in the development and design phases (preconstruction services), and as a general contractor during construction. When a construction manager is bound to a GMP, the fundamental character of the relationship is changed. In addition to acting in the owner's interest, the construction manager must control construction costs to stay within the GMP.

CM at-risk is a global term referring to the business relationship of a construction contractor, owner and architect (or designer). Typically, a CM at-risk arrangement eliminates a "low-bid" construction project. A GMP agreement is a typical part of the CM-and-owner agreement (comparable to a "low-bid" contract), but with adjustments in responsibility for the CM. The advantage of a CM at-risk arrangement is budget management. Before a project's design is completed (six to eighteen months of coordination between designer and owner), the CM is involved with estimating the cost of constructing a project based on the goals of the designer and owner (design concept) and the project's scope. In balancing the costs, schedule, quality and scope of the project, the design may be modified instead of redesigned; if the owner decides to expand the project, adjustments can be made before pricing. To manage the budget before design is complete and construction crews mobilized, the CM conducts site management and purchases major items to efficiently manage time and cost.

Advantages
CM is working "at risk", therefore have incentive to act in the owner's interest, as well as to efficiently manage construction costs, considering they would be liable for any amount in excess of the GMP
Ability to handle changes in design or scope

Drawbacks
If a cost overrun occurred, it could cost the CM a great deal of money
 The CM is allowed some mistake-related contingency, therefore there is a possibility that they will compensate by reducing the scope of the work to fit the GMP
 Since the GMP is settled before design begins, it is difficult for owners to know whether they received the best possible bid

Bottom line
An at-risk delivery method is best for large projects—both complete construction and renovation—that are not easy to define, have a possibility of changing in scope, or have strict schedule deadlines. Additionally, it is an efficient method in projects containing technical complexity, multi-trade coordination, or multiple phases.

Accelerated construction techniques
Starting with its Accelerated Bridge Program in the late 2000s, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation began employing accelerated construction techniques, in which it signs contracts with incentives for early completion and penalties for late completion, and uses intense construction during longer periods of complete closure to shorten the overall project duration and reduce cost.

See also
 Architectural engineering
 Building officials
 Civil engineering
 Construction engineering
 Construction estimating software
 Cost overrun
 Cost engineering
 Earthquake engineering
 EPC (contract)
 International Building Code
 Quality, cost, delivery - trilemma of project
 Site manager
 Structural engineering
 Work breakdown structure
 Index of construction articles

References

Further reading

 Halpin, Daniel W., Construction Management, Wiley, Third Edition.
 Rawlinsons Australian Construction Handbook, annual editions

Construction
Building engineering
Construction and extraction occupations
Project management by type

Construction management


Valya Mladenova Balkanska (born January 8, 1942) is a Bulgarian folk music singer. She is most famous for performing the song Izlel je Delyo hajdutin, which was sent to space on board the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes in 1977.

Valya Balkanska was born in a hamlet consisting of seven houses near the village of Arda in the Rhodope Mountains. Since her childhood years she has been singing Rhodopean folk songs, which she learned from her mother and grandmother, as well as at work-bee parties. In 1960 she became the main soloist of the Rhodopa State Ensemble for Folk Songs and Dances. She was only 18 years old at that time. Up to this day Balkanska has performed more than 300 folk songs, having been accompanied by the bagpipe player Petar Yanev for the last 14 years.

The most important moment in Balkanska's career came with the folk song Izlel je Delyo hajdutin, which she recorded together with the bagpiper Dimitar Petkovski. In 1972 it became part of the Voyager Golden Record, a collection of songs, sounds and images from our planet, which also contains works of famous composers such as Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, and Stravinsky. NASA put copies of the record in the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes and launched them on August 20, 1977. According to Carl Sagan, one of the creators of the Voyager Golden Record, only advanced alien civilizations would be able to play it.

In 2004 Balkanska released an album called Glas ot vechnostta (Voice from the Eternity), comprising some of her most popular songs such as A bre yunache ludo i mlado, Goro le goro zelena, and Maychinko stara maychinko.

Recognition
Balkanska received numerous awards throughout her career as a folk music singer. One of her favourite recognitions is a golden statuette from the Art Olympiad in Los Angeles in 1997. In 2002 the Bulgarian president honoured her with a Stara Planina medal, considered the highest national award. In the same year she also received the Golden Lyre award by the Union of Bulgarian Musicians and Dancers. Balkanska became an awardee of the Golden Phenomenon prize for helping the popularization of Bulgarian folk music and culture and for the same reason she was the first Bulgarian to be honoured by UNESCO as a "citizen of the planet".
According to Time Magazine she is one of the people symbolizing the future of Europe, stating that apart from being "a legend in her own country, Valya Balkanska is very much a legend in space, too". Since December 2005 she has her own star plate on the Bulgarian Walk of Fame. In 2005 Balkanska was also one of the nominees for the St. Paisiy Hilendarski national award for notable artists and performers. In May 2009 the Bulgarian Association of Regional Media chose her as The Most Exceptional Bulgarian Woman.

In 2008 Standard, a Bulgarian daily newspaper, conducted a survey on what Bulgarians consider as their most important symbol of national pride. Nearly 22 thousand readers of Standard's online edition from more than 10 countries around the world took part in the poll. Among the 23 possible choices, Valya Balkanska came in first with 9.46% of the votes. She ranked higher than the inventor of the computer John Atanasoff, the world record holder in the women's high jump Stefka Kostadinova, and even the declaration of independence of Bulgaria in 1908.

References

Other websites
 Izlel e Delio Haidutin on Youtube

1942 births
Living people
Bulgarian singers

Valya Balkanska


Anton Novačan (July 7, 1887 – March 22, 1951) was a Slovene politician, diplomat, author, and playwright.

Novačan was born into a modest peasant family in the village of Zadobrova (now part of the Lower Styrian town of Celje), in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He attended the First Celje Grammar School and later went to school in the Croatian towns of Zagreb, Karlovac, and Varaždin. In Croatia, he met several young poets, such as Ivan Novak and Ljubo Wiesner, with whom he established a close friendship. During this period, he also contributed to many Croatian literary magazines. In 1908, he enrolled at the Charles University in Prague, where he studied law. Between 1910 and 1913, he spent three years traveling around Europe, spending much time in Paris, Munich, and Moscow. During World War I, he was imprisoned by the Austro-Hungarian authorities as a potentially dangerous political radical. He finished his studies in 1918, and moved back to Slovenia, which had just become part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

In the early 1920s, Novačan became politically active. In 1921, he founded the Slovenian section of the Agrarian Party, which already the following year became independent under the name Slovenian Republican Party with Novačan as its chairman. The party advocated the establishment of an autonomous Slovenian Free State within a confederation of South Slavic peoples, which would include Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. They opposed clericalism and social conservativism and promoted agrarian ideals based on the Catholic values of the Slovene peasant population. In the parliamentary elections of 1923, the party suffered a devastating defeat and dissolved itself soon afterward. According to his own testimony, Novačan asked for an audience with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, where he promised the monarch that he would dissolve the party and become a monarchist if he were accepted into the diplomatic service of the Kingdom. Novačan thus became a consul in Warsaw, Brăila, Cairo, Bari, and Klagenfurt.

During all this period, he continued to write prose and poems, many of which were published in the literary magazine Ljubljanski zvon. In the late 1920s, he published his best-known work, the play Herman Celjski ("Hermann of Cilli"), based on the story of the Renaissance Styrian nobleman Hermann II of Cilli, whom Novačan portrayed as a Nietzschean Übermensch in tragic conflict with his environment.

In the 1930s, he moved to Belgrade, where he worked as a freelance writer and journalist. There he also met many Slovenes living in the Yugoslav capital, among them the writer Vladimir Bartol, with whom he developed a close friendship, Ivan Marija Čok, leader of the Slovene and Croatian political exiles from the Julian March, and Albert Rejec, unofficial leader and ideologue of the militant anti-fascist organization TIGR. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he managed to escape to Jerusalem. After a short period of British internment, he joined the Yugoslav Government in exile stationed in Cairo, Egypt, where he worked as a clerk in the diplomatic office.

After the end of World War II in 1945, he moved to Trieste, where he wrote his most important poetic work, Peti evangelij ("The Fifth Gospel"), a cycle of 240 sonnets. In Trieste, he met Vladimir Bartol, who tried to convince him to return to Yugoslavia. However, Novačan rejected the Communist ideology of the new Titoist regime and in 1948 he chose to emigrate to Argentina with the help of Miha Krek, Ivan Ahčin, and Ciril Kotnik. He settled in Buenos Aires, where he met the Slovene Roman Catholic intellectual Tine Debeljak, who introduced Novačan to the local community of Slovene immigrants.

He died in the Argentine city of Posadas in 1951.

References
Janko Kos et al., Slovenska književnost (Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 1982), 244.

1887 births
1951 deaths
People from the City Municipality of Celje
Slovenian politicians
Slovenian diplomats
Yugoslav diplomats
Slovenian dramatists and playwrights
Slovenian male poets
Argentine people of Slovenian descent
Agrarian Party (Yugoslavia) politicians
20th-century Slovenian poets
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Charles University alumni

Anton Novačan


Alfie Bass (born Abraham Basalinsky, 10 April 1916 – 16 July 1987) was an English actor. He was born in Bethnal Green, London, the youngest in a Jewish family with ten children; his parents had left Russia many years before he was born. He appeared in a variety of stage, film, television and radio productions throughout his career.

Personal life
Alfie Bass was born Abraham Basalinsky in Bethnal Green in London's East End. He was the youngest of ten children of Jacob Basalinsky, who had fled Jewish persecution in Russia, and his wife, Ada Miller. After leaving school, he worked in his father's trade as a cabinet-maker. During this time he took part in amateur dramatics at a local boys' club. He was active in the labour movement and often attended union meetings. In 1936 he took part in the Battle of Cable Street, in which activists attempted to prevent a march through the East End by the British Union of Fascists.

At the outbreak of World War II, he was rejected by the RAF, and went to work in an engineering factory. He was later called up into the Middlesex Regiment as a despatch rider. He maintained his interest in acting by appearing in concert parties and in Army Film Unit documentaries.

In 1946, he married Beryl Bryson, a dressmaker, in Liverpool. They had a son and a daughter.

Stage career
Bass's acting career began at London's Unity Theatre in the late 1930s, appearing in Plant in the Sun alongside Paul Robeson, and as the pantomime King in Babes In the Wood.

His stage career included plays by Shakespeare and Shaw. During the 1950s, he continued to direct shows at Unity, and on one occasion appeared in court (along with Vida Hope), charged with putting on a play without a licence. His stage work also included an adaptation of Gogol's short story The Bespoke Overcoat, transposed to the East End of London, which was filmed by Jack Clayton in 1956, and won the Oscar for Best Short. In addition, Bass took over from Chaim Topol in the role of Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof on the West End stage.

Film career
Bass first appeared on film in wartime documentaries. He also appeared in a number of feature films including The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), Hell Drivers (1957), A Tale of Two Cities (1958) and Alfie (1966) starring Michael Caine and Shelley Winters. In the latter he played Harry Clamacraft, a man Alfie meets and befriends in a sanatorium.

He starred in Roman Polanski's vampire film The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967) (British title The Dance of the Vampires) as innkeeper Yoine Shagal with his daughter Sarah played by Sharon Tate. In the course of the film, he and his daughter become vampires. When a maid tries to scare him off with a crucifix, he responds with "Oy, have you got the wrong vampire!".

Bass also appeared in the "Pride" segment of The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins (1971) and had a leading role in the 1977 sex comedy Come Play with Me. He has had many cameo roles, such as the Indian restaurant doorman in the Beatles' film Help! (1965), as Clouseau's seafaring informant in Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978), and in Moonraker (1979), in which he was cast as a heavy smoking hard drinker. Bass had a small part in I Was Monty's Double as a non-speaking passenger on a train.

In his book British Film Character Actors (1982), Terence Pettigrew remembers, "there was a time when no British film seemed complete without Alfie Bass popping up in some guise or other. Basically playing the same character, he has hopped chirpily from drama to comedy and into costume pieces and back like an energised sparrow. To all of these, he has added an engaging warmth and sanguinity".

Television and radio
Bass appeared as a poacher rescued by Robin Hood in the first episode of The Adventures of Robin Hood starring Richard Greene, in episode 2 "The Moneylender", as well as in episode 10 of the first series which was titled "The Ordeal". He also appeared in two later episodes during season two titled "The Goldmaker" (episode 5) and "The Goldmaker's Return" (episode 22) as Lepidus, the roguish alchemist, rescued from the Sheriff by Little John (Archie Duncan). He appeared in The Army Game (1957–61), a British TV comedy series, as Private Montague 'Excused Boots' Bisley, and its sequel Bootsie and Snudge from 1960–63 (there was also a one series revival in colour in 1974), working at a Gentlemen's club with Bill Fraser as 'Claude Snudge' and Clive Dunn as 'Henry Beerbohm Johnson'. Bass additionally played the character in another spin-off, Foreign Affairs, in 1964. Bass also played Lemuel "Lemmy" Barnet in the third and fourth series of the landmark 1950s science fiction BBC Radio series Journey into Space.

He continued working throughout the 1970s and 80s, particularly in the TV series' Till Death Us Do Part and Are You Being Served?, the latter as Mr. Goldberg, the second in a series of replacements for Arthur Brough's Mr. Grainger character (the first being James Hayter's Mr. Tebbs). As in the Mr. Goldberg role, he often emphasised his Jewish background in his on-screen characterisations.

Bass played a memorable Silas Wegg in the BBC's 1976 adaptation of Dickens's Our Mutual Friend. He also played Isaac Rag in a notable recurring character role in the 1979-1980 Dick Turpin series, and Morrie Levin, a shrewd accountant, in the Minder episode The Son Also Rises (1982).

Bass appeared in a 1979 episode of the ITV drama series Danger UXB: Just Like a Woman, as a family man with an unexploded bomb in his back garden.

He also guest starred in two episodes of the British comedy television The Goodies, in which he appeared as the "Town Planner" in Camelot, and as the "Giant" in The Goodies and the Beanstalk.

He was a subject of the television programme This Is Your Life in March 1970, when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews.

Recording career

In 1955, Bass recorded the novelty song "Pity the Downtrodden Landlord". It was issued by the folk music label Topic Records on a 78rpm single, backed with "Housing Repairs And Rents Act", written by Fred Dallas; on both sides, Bass was accompanied by "The Four Bailiffs".

With his fellow cast members from The Army Game, Bernard Bresslaw, Leslie Fyson and Michael Medwin, Bass was part of a vocal quartet who scored a number 5 hit in the UK Singles Chart in 1958 with "The Signature Tune Of The Army Game". It was backed with the same actors singing "What Do We Do In The Army". In 1960, Pye Records issued two solo recordings by Bass on a single, "Villikens And His Dinah" and "Rat Catcher's Daughter".

Death
Alfie Bass died on 16 July 1987 in Barnet General Hospital, north London, following a heart attack. He was survived by his wife and their son and daughter. His last home was in Well End, a suburb of Borehamwood, Hertfordshire.

Selected filmography

 The Bells Go Down (1943) – (uncredited)
 Johnny Frenchman (1945) – Corporal
 Brief Encounter (1945) – Waiter at the Royal (uncredited)
 Holiday Camp  (1947) – Redcoat
 Jassy (1947) – Witness (uncredited)
 It Always Rains on Sunday (1947) – Dicey
 Vice Versa (1948) – 1st Urchin
 The Monkey's Paw (1948) – Speedway Track Manager
 Man on the Run (1949) – Bert the Barge Mate
 The Hasty Heart (1949) – Orderly
 Boys in Brown (1949) – 'Basher' Walker
 Stage Fright (1950) – Stage Hand With Microphone (uncredited)
 Pool of London (1951) – Alf, a henchman
 Talk of a Million (1951) – Lorcan
 The Galloping Major (1951) – Charlie – the newsboy
 The Lavender Hill Mob (1951) – Shorty
 High Treason (1951) – Albert Brewer (uncredited)
 Brandy for the Parson (1952) – Dallyn
 Treasure Hunt (1952) – Tipster (uncredited)
 Derby Day (1952) – Spider Wilkes
 The Planter's Wife (1952) – Soldier (uncredited)
 Made in Heaven (1952) – Bert Jenkins
 Top of the Form (1953) – Artie Jones
 The Square Ring (1953) – Frank Forbes
 Murder by Proxy (1954) – Ernie
 Time Is My Enemy (1954) – Ernie Gordon
 The Angel Who Pawned Her Harp (1954) – Lennox
 The Passing Stranger (1954) – Harry
 To Dorothy a Son (1954) – Cab Driver
 Svengali (1954) – Carrell
 The Night My Number Came Up (1955) – The Soldier
 The Ship That Died of Shame (1955) – Sailor on 1087 (uncredited)
 A Kid for Two Farthings (1955) – Alf the Bird Man (uncredited)
 Make Me an Offer (1955) – Fred Frames
 King's Rhapsody (1955) – Man in Crowd (uncredited)
 Jumping for Joy (1956) – Blagg
 Behind the Headlines (1956) – Sammy
 Child in the House (1956) – Ticket Collector
 Sailor Beware! (1956) – Organist (uncredited)
 A Touch of the Sun (1956) – May
 The Bespoke Overcoat - Fender
 No Road Back (1957) – Rudge Harvey
 Carry On Admiral (1957) – Orderly (uncredited)
 Hell Drivers (1957) – Tinker
 A Tale of Two Cities (1958) – Jerry Cruncher
 I Was Monty's Double (1958) – The Small Man
 I Only Arsked! (1958) – Excused Boots Bisley
 The Millionairess (1960) – Fish Curer
 Help! (1965) – Doorman
 Bindle (One of Them Days) (1966) – Joseph Bindle
 Doctor in Clover (1966) – Fleming
 Alfie (1966) – Harry
 The Sandwich Man (1966) – Yachtsman
 A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966) – Gatekeeper
 A Challenge for Robin Hood (1967) – Pie Merchant
 The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967) – Shagal, the Inn-Keeper
 Up the Junction (1968) – Charlie
 The Fixer (1968) – Potseikin (uncredited)
 The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins (1971) – Mr. Spencer (segment "Pride")
 Come Play with Me (1977) – Kelly / Luigi
 Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978) – Fernet
 Moonraker (1979) – consumptive Italian
 High Rise Donkey'' (1980) – Donkey Derby photographer

Footnotes

External links

1916 births
1987 deaths
English people of Russian-Jewish descent
English male stage actors
English male television actors
Jewish English male actors
People from Bethnal Green
20th-century English male actors
British novelty song performers
Male actors from London
British male comedy actors
British Army personnel of World War II
Middlesex Regiment soldiers

Alfie Bass


Israel Maimon () is president emeritus of Development Corporation for Israel/Israel Bonds.

Biography

Israel Maimon joined the Israel Defense Forces in 1984 and was recruited to the Golani Brigade, where he served in all command positions, reaching the rank of company commander. As part of his reserve duty, he was an operations officer at the Infantry Division with the rank of major.

Legal career
From 1993 to 2003, Maimon worked at the law firm Haberman, Dovey, Stern and Co, in Tel Aviv. The firm specialized in constitutional and administrative law, as well as dealing with civil issues, real estate and litigation on various matters.  In January 1999, he became a partner at the firm, where he remained until his appointment as government secretary in March 2003. His expertise included civil, administrative and constitutional law.

Public service career
In June 2002, Maimon was appointed legal advisor to the Prime Minister's Office, headed by Ariel Sharon. Prior to taking office, however, he was appointed Cabinet Secretary. On January 4, 2006, Prime Minister Sharon suffered a stroke, and, in his capacity as Cabinet Secretary, Maimon determined the authority should be transferred to Acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. At Prime Minister Olmert's request, Maimon continued as Cabinet Secretary. His responsibilities included heading a committee that created a comprehensive plan, structure and recommendation for Israel's 'Hasbara' (public relations), a plan the government approved in full. As Cabinet Secretary, Maimon was part of a pivotal moment in Israel's history – the 2007 bombing of Syria's nuclear reactor. He was assigned to interface with the Prime Minister's Office, the Defense and Foreign Ministries, the IDF, the Mossad and other relevant agencies, to prepare a strategic communications plan.

Additionally, Maimon served as chairman of the MASA project, aimed at bringing Jewish young people to Israel.

From 2007 to 2013, Maimon was a board member of the Diaspora Museum in Tel Aviv, serving as a member of the Finance Committee and chairman of the Establishment of the New Museum Committee.

Board member of public companies
In September 2014, Maimon became an external director at Cal-Israel Credit Cards, Ltd., a corporation providing all credit card activities, including granting private and commercial credit.
He became an external director at Fox-Wiesel, Ltd., in June 2009, a public company in the fashion and home-styling field.
In September 2008, Maimon became a director for the Matzlawi Construction Company, Ltd., a public company in the real estate and construction field.
Maimon is also an advisory board member of the Israeli fund, 2i-Dual Impact Ventures, a  collaboration between DDR&D (Hebrew: MAFAT)  and Altshuler-Shaham, a financial asset manager.

Israeli Presidential Conference

Maimon was chairman of the Israeli Presidential Conference Steering Committee for the annual international conference, 'Facing Tomorrow,' held under the auspices of then-President Shimon Peres. The Steering Committee coordinated and brought to fruition the three-day conference, with Maimon dealing with content development, fundraising and the general running and implementation of the conference.

Israel Bonds

In 2016, then-Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon asked Maimon to become president & CEO of Israel Bonds, officially assuming the role October 14, 2016. In accepting the position, Maimon said, "The most important thing is securing the future of the world's only Jewish state. Since then, it has generated over $8 billion in worldwide sales. From the inception of the Israel Bonds program in 1951, total worldwide sales have surpassed $48 billion. Investors in Israel bonds include Warren Buffett, who participated in three Israel Bonds events during Maimon's time as president & CEO. In March 2020, Maimon held discussions with officials from Israel's Finance Ministry, proposing a four-point plan to increase the organization's 2020 U.S. sales goal to $1.5 billion - $400 million beyond what had initially been agreed on. By October, U.S. sales reached the $1.5 billion objective. By year's end, worldwide sales, which included the U.S., were $1.8 billion. Finance Ministry Accountant General Yali Rothenberg observed, "Last year, when COVID-19 seemed to change everything, we in the Finance Ministry knew there was one thing that would stay steady and strong, and that was Israel Bonds." Maimon oversaw the development of e-commerce sites for Canada and internationally, facilitating increased online sales and cost benefits for Israel's Finance Ministry.

He also strengthened corporate digital marketing strategies via heightened promotion of the Israel Bonds app, prioritizing social media outreach and overseeing twice-yearly digital media campaigns. Initiatives Maimon put in place include the Online Museum of Israel Bonds, as well as the mentorship program, created to prepare young Jewish men and women to assume future Israel Bonds leadership responsibilities. He designated 2019 'The Year of the Lay Leader,' culminating with a conference in Phoenix themed 'Perpetuating a Legacy of Leadership'. The conference was attended by Bonds leaders from the U.S., Canada, Latin America and Europe.

Maimon noted, "One of our biggest accomplishments is that we are putting a focus on increasing the number of purchasers — we are molding more individuals to support the State of Israel, whether it's through $36 online or $2 million." After leaving  Israel Bonds, Maimon became founder and CEO of Blue and White Capital in New York.

Awards and recognition
In January 2023, Maimon was awarded an honorary deegree by the College of Academic Studies and Management in Tel Aviv.

References

Israeli lawyers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Israel Maimon


Acleris curvalana, the blueberry leaftier moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Alberta, Arkansas, British Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington and West Virginia.

The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are pale lemon yellow, overcast with bright ochreous red. The base of the wing is yellow, as is a small margin along the termen. There is a round yellowish spot in the middle of the wing. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to August.

The larvae feed on Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Quercus and Rosa species.

References

Moths described in 1907
curvalana
Moths of North America

Acleris curvalana


Animals That Swim are a musical group who formed in London, England, 1989, with a line-up of stand-up drums, piano, trumpet and "a nifty line in clever narrative lyrics". In March 2011 they recorded two new songs for online release, originally intended as the first tracks from an as yet untitled album.

History
The band was initially formed by brothers Hugh Barker and Hank Starrs (born Jeffrey Barker), before adding a third brother to the line-up, Al Barker, along with Del Crabtree, initially on bass guitar, followed by the trumpet.  Throughout their history, the group had numerous bass players; Charlie Luciano (original line-up), then Crabtree, Dave Harris (1991), Lenie Mets (1991–93), Anthony Coote (1993-6) and Terry De Castro (2000–01).

Animals That Swim released their debut single, "King Beer", in 1992 via their own Beachheads In Space record label. It was a 7" vinyl-only release, limited to just 300 copies. Their second single, "Roy" (which took the form of an imaginary conversation with the ghost of Roy Orbison), was released the following year. This, along with their third single, "50 Dresses" - a 10" vinyl-only EP - helped the band come to wider attention as the group won critical acclaim for their mixture of "slice of life" lyrics and magic realism, and their distinctive use of the trumpet as a lead instrument.

Having had several single of the weeks in the UK's national music press, the band issued a further single in September, 1994, "Madame Yevonde", as a prelude to their debut album Workshy.  The single's title, along with the album's sleeve art, both referenced the British photography pioneer of the same name.  "Pink Carnations", a 5-track single, followed 6 months later, featuring an alternate version to the album mix. 'Workshy' was number 15 in the NME's list of best albums of 1994.

The band issued two albums on the Elemental label, but work on a third LP eventually ground to a halt after Elemental was taken over by One Little Indian in 1996. In 1999, a demo, "Dirt", was featured on a various artists EP on the independent Snowstorm label, which subsequently commissioned a third Animals That Swim album, some of which was recorded in producer Dare Mason's home.  In a preview article for a gig at The Monarch, London on 9 August 2000, John Robinson, writing for The Guardian, commented on the band's comeback from a three-year absence;

Animals That Swim — the group of beaten-looking thirtysomethings that [Hank] fronts — are the vehicle for his observations, and having enjoyed a penurious existence for eight years, this gig, after a three-year gap, represents a suitably down-at-heel return to public performance. The group's evident poverty is only matched, however, by the richness of their music.

The band was inactive from 2001 to 2011, although Snowstorm issued a best of compilation album, Faded Glamour in 2004, with sleevenotes by Hugh Barker.

Recent updates

In 2007 frontman and lead singer Hank Starrs – now a film producer and writer — made a brief comeback to guest on the single "Direct Hit" with English art-pop group Art Brut.  Hugh Barker works a publishing director, and is co-author of Faking It, a book about authenticity in music.  His second book Hedge Britannia was published by Bloomsbury in March 2012. Al Barker went to university and got a degree in history and journalism in 2007; he now works in music, theatre and tourism.  The band were asked to play gigs in London in 2008, but they declined.

In 2009, former Animals That Swim and Goya Dress bassist Terry De Castro (better known as a member of Cinerama and The Wedding Present) released a cover version of the group's song "East St. O'Neill" on her solo album A Casa Verde.

In March 2011, the band recorded two new songs, "Tiny Lucifer" and "Silver Rays", which were released online on iTunes, with the detail announced on the band's Wordpress blog.

Plans to record more songs are currently on hold as the band have been unable to find enough spare time to get into a recording studio.

Workshy was set to be re-released on 3 February 2017 through One Little Indian Records.

In July 2017 Del blew on some tunes for the Chasing Chevrons EP by South London song-smith Jamie Skint.

Band members
 Hugh Barker – guitar
 Hank Starrs – vocals, drums
 Al Barker – keyboards, guitar
 Del Crabtree – bass guitar, trumpet

Discography

Studio albums
 Workshy (1994)
 I Was the King, I Really Was the King (1996)
 Happiness From A Distant Star (2001)

Compilation albums
 Faded Glamour: The Best of Animals That Swim (2004)

Singles and EPs
 "King Beer" (7", 1992)
 "Roy"/"Weary Mind" (7", 1993)
 "50 Dresses" EP (10", 1993)
 "Madame Yevonde" (7"/CD, 1994)
 "Pink Carnations" EP (7"/CD, 1995)
 "The Greenhouse" (7"/CD, 1996)
 "Faded Glamour" (7"/CD, 1996)
 "The Moon And The Mothership" (7"/CD, 2001)
 "All Your Stars Are Out" (7", 2001)
 "Tiny Lucifer"/"Silver Rays" (download, 2011)

References

External links

 Animals That Swim fansite
 Anthony Coote Official Site
 Are Animals That Swim The Most Underrated band Of All Time?
 "Faking It" blog

English rock music groups
English indie rock groups
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 1989

Animals That Swim