Gordon Allan "Phat" Wilson (December 29, 1895 – July 26, 1970) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey forward who won the Allan Cup three times as a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats.  Seen as one of the top amateur players of his time, Wilson was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

Hockey career

A native of Port Arthur, Ontario, Wilson did not even know how to skate when he joined the town's church league in 1914. Serving as a substitute, he improved his skating enough that he earned a full-time role on his team the following year and played two seasons of junior hockey before joining the Port Arthur War Veterans senior team at the age of 18.

Wilson moved to Iroquois Falls, Ontario, for a season to play in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) in 1921–22 before returning to Port Arthur a year later to play for the Port Arthur Bearcats. He was a top player in the NOHA, leading Port Arthur to an Allan Cup championship in 1925 as Canada's national senior champions.  Wilson and the Bearcats repeated as champions the following year and won a third Allan Cup in 1929. Professional teams took note of his play; teams from Calgary, Edmonton and Toronto all offered him but he declined, preferring to remain in his hometown.

He was an outstanding offensive defenceman who won several scoring titles during his career. He retired as a player in 1932 at the age of 37 and took on the dual role of coach and manager of the Bearcats. In recognition of his career in Port Arthur, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1982.

Off the ice
In addition to hockey, Wilson played baseball and served as a volunteer and executive in both sports. He was named the first president of Port Arthur's little league when it was founded in 1952 and helped found the community's girls hockey league, serving also as a coach and referee.

References

Notes

Other websites

1895 births
1970 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay

Phat Wilson


Cedrus deodara, the deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar, or deodar, is a species of cedar native to the Himalayas.

Description
It is a large evergreen coniferous tree reaching  tall, exceptionally  with a trunk up to  in diameter. It has a conic crown with level branches and drooping branchlets.

The leaves are needle-like, mostly  long, occasionally up to  long, slender ( thick), borne singly on long shoots, and in dense clusters of 20–30 on short shoots; they vary from bright green to glaucous blue-green in colour. The female cones are barrel-shaped,  long and  broad, and disintegrate when mature (in 12 months) to release the winged seeds. The male cones are  long, and shed their pollen in autumn.

Chemistry
The bark of Cedrus deodara contains large amounts of taxifolin. The wood contains cedeodarin, ampelopsin, cedrin, cedrinoside, and deodarin (3′,4′,5,6-tetrahydroxy-8-methyl dihydroflavonol). The main components of the needle essential oil include α-terpineol (30.2%), linalool (24.47%), limonene (17.01%), anethole (14.57%), caryophyllene (3.14%), and eugenol (2.14%).  The deodar cedar also contains lignans and the phenolic sesquiterpene himasecolone, together with isopimaric acid. Other compounds have been identified, including (−)-matairesinol, (−)-nortrachelogenin, and a dibenzylbutyrolactollignan (4,4',9-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-9,9'-epoxylignan).

Etymology
The botanical name, which is also the English common name, is derived from the Sanskrit term devadāru, which means "wood of the gods", a compound of deva "god" and dāru "wood and tree".

Distribution and habitat

The species natively occurs in East-Afghanistan, South Western Tibet, Western Nepal, Northern Pakistan, and North-Central India.

It grows at altitudes of .

Cultivation

It is widely grown as an ornamental tree, often planted in parks and large gardens for its drooping foliage. General cultivation is limited to areas with mild winters, with trees frequently killed by temperatures below about , limiting it to USDA zone 7 and warmer for reliable growth. It can succeed in rather cool-summer climates, as in Ushuaia, Argentina.

The most cold-tolerant trees originate in the northwest of the species' range in Kashmir and Paktia Province, Afghanistan. Selected cultivars from this region are hardy to USDA zone 7 or even zone 6, tolerating temperatures down to about . Named cultivars from this region include 'Eisregen', 'Eiswinter', 'Karl Fuchs', 'Kashmir', 'Polar Winter', and 'Shalimar'. Of these, 'Eisregen', 'Eiswinter', 'Karl Fuchs', and 'Polar Winter' were selected in Germany from seed collected in Paktia; 'Kashmir' was a selection of the nursery trade, whereas 'Shalimar' originated from seeds collected in 1964 from Shalimar Gardens, Kashmir and propagated at the Arnold Arboretum.

C. deodara and the three cultivars 'Feelin' Blue', 'Pendula' and 'Aurea' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2021).

Uses

Construction material

Deodar is in great demand as building material because of its durability, rot-resistant character and fine, close grain, which is capable of taking a high polish. Its historical use to construct religious temples and in landscaping around temples is well recorded. Its rot-resistant character also makes it an ideal wood for constructing the well-known houseboats of Srinagar, Kashmir. In Pakistan and India, during the British colonial period, deodar wood was used extensively for construction of barracks, public buildings, bridges, canals and railway cars. Despite its durability, it is not a strong timber, and its brittle nature makes it unsuitable for delicate work where strength is required, such as chair-making.

Herbal Ayurveda
C. deodara is used in Ayurvedic medicine.

The inner wood is aromatic and used to make incense. Inner wood is distilled into essential oil. As insects avoid this tree, the essential oil is used as insect repellent on the feet of horses, cattle and camels. It also has antifungal properties and has some potential for control of fungal deterioration of spices during storage. The outer bark and stem are astringent.

Because of its antifungal and insect repellent properties, rooms made of deodar cedar wood are used to store meat and food grains like oats and wheat in Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.

Cedar oil is often used for its aromatic properties, especially in aromatherapy. It has a characteristic woody odor which may change somewhat in the course of drying out. The crude oils are often yellowish or darker in color. Its applications include soap perfumes, household sprays, floor polishes, and insecticides, and is also used in microscope work as a clearing oil.

Incense
The gum of the tree is used to make rope incense in Nepal and Tibet.

Culture
Among Hindus, as the etymology of deodar suggests, it is worshiped as a divine tree. Deva, the first half of the Sanskrit term, means divine, deity, or deus. Dāru, the second part, is cognate with (related to) the words durum, druid, tree, and true. Several Hindu legends refer to this tree. For example, Valmiki Ramayan reads:

The deodar is the national tree of Pakistan, and the state tree of Himachal Pradesh, India.

See also
 List of Indian timber trees

References

External links

 Conifers Around the World: Cedrus deodara - Himalayan Cedar.

deodara
Trees of Afghanistan
Flora of the Indian subcontinent
Flora of Tibet
Medicinal plants of Asia
Trees of temperate climates
Least concern plants
Least concern biota of Asia
National symbols of Pakistan
Garden plants of Asia
Drought-tolerant trees
Ornamental trees

Cedrus deodara


Emir Omar Chabán (31 March 1952 – 17 November 2014) was an Argentine impresario, who was sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment for a fatal fire in one of his businesses. He remained free on appeal, during which time he died.

Born in San Martín, Buenos Aires, Chabán became one of the major figures in the Buenos Aires underground scene during the 1980s as owner of Café Einstein and later Cemento, which became a major venue for alternative rock concerts, theater acts, and dance parties.

On 30 December 2004, a fire killed 194 and injured over 600 in República Cromañón, a concert venue that Chabán owned and operated.  He was indicted as responsible; the musical act on that evening, The Callejeros, had encouraged spectators to light sparklers in the concert hall, even though the ceiling included flammable materials, and once the fire started, fire exits were padlocked and did not open, trapping the people inside fatally. Chabán escaped capture for some time, and then surrendered. After spending some time behind bars, the judge allowed him to post bail. After relatives of the victims protested in front of his mother's house in San Martín, Chabán moved to a secluded location on the Paraná delta area.

Trials of various people connected with the fire, including Chabán, commenced in August 2008. On 19 August 2009, Chaban was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Omar Chabán died on 17 November 2014, aged 62, from Hodgkin's lymphoma.

References

Nightclub owners
1952 births
2014 deaths
People from San Martín, Buenos Aires
Argentine businesspeople
Argentine Muslims
Argentine people of Syrian descent
Argentine artists
Prisoners and detainees of Argentina
Deaths from Hodgkin lymphoma
Deaths from cancer in Argentina

Omar Chabán


Clayton Oscar Person,  (May 16, 1922 – September 1, 1990) was recognized internationally as an authority on the genetics of host-parasite relations. He was born and raised in Aylesbury, Saskatchewan, Canada and died in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. His writings have made a major contribution to the development of a rigorous theoretical basis for our understanding of how the genetic structure of parasitic populations interacts with that of their host populations. This was known as the gene-for-gene relationship. His theoretical methods have been applied widely in the practical management of parasitic diseases in agriculture and forestry.

Biography

Education

After service overseas in the Royal Canadian Navy from 1941-1945, he returned to enroll at the University of Saskatchewan where he was awarded Honours in Biology in 1950 and the MA in 1951. He studied for the Ph.D. at the University of Alberta, then spent two post-doctoral years abroad — one at the University of Lund, Sweden and another at the John Innes Institute in England.

Career

Dr. Person was employed for several years (1956-1961) as Research Officer with Agriculture Canada in its Dominion Rust Research Laboratory, Winnipeg. He was then appointed as the first Head of the Department of Genetics at the University of Alberta. In 1966 he joined the Department of Botany of the University of British Columbia. Dr. Person has served the Canadian scientific community in various capacities, including participation in the establishment of the Genetics Society of Canada and later as its president; as Chairman of the NSERC Committee for Plant Biology, and as a member of the Canadian National Committee for the International Union of Biological Science. His scholarly achievements have received wide recognition.

He has been an Invited participant in numerous international symposia. In 1971 he was a visiting professor at Punjab Agricultural University. In 1975 he served as consultant to the FAO (United Nations) on coffee diseases in Ethiopia. He was an invited scholar at the Rockefeller Study and Conference Centre in Italy in 1982. Dr. Person is an acknowledged authority on the genetics of plant parasites. His major research contribution has been to clarify the genetic basis of microevolutionary change in host-parasite systems. His work constitutes a major contribution to modern theory of host-parasite interaction in plant populations. It has found important applications in plant breeding throughout the world.

Awards and recognitions

He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1970, and was designated Fellow of the American Phytopathological Society in 1981. He was awarded the British Columbia Science Secretariat Medal in 1981, the Flavelle Medal by the Royal Society of Canada and the Medal of the Genetics Society of Canada, both in 1982. He was made a Member of the Order of Canada in 1986. In 1987 the Canadian Botanical Association awarded him the George Lawson Medal.

Publications

 Cited by Roane 1973
  INIS RN:2011909.
 Also cited by Roane 1973

References

1922 births
1990 deaths
Canadian military personnel from Saskatchewan
Scientists from Saskatchewan
Canadian geneticists
Canadian phytopathologists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Members of the Order of Canada
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
20th-century Canadian botanists
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Alberta alumni
Lund University alumni
Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II
20th-century agronomists

Clayton Oscar Person


Rossiyane () is a Russian language word that refers to all citizens of Russia. They were mostly born in Russia and mostly live in Russia. It is used in the Russian language to differentiate between people of Russia of all ethnic origins and Russians as an ethnicity (Russian plural: русские russkiye). It includes Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash people, Chechens, etc. Rossiyane have a common history and share a common Russia-related culture. In English the word Russians is ambiguous.

Rossiyanin () is the masculine form and Rossiyanka () is feminine.

References

Rossiyane


Soi ( ) is the term used in Thailand for a side street branching off a major street (thanon, ). An alley is called a trok ().

Overview
Sois are usually numbered, and are referred to by the name of the major street and the number, as in "Soi Sukhumvit 4", "Sukhumvit Soi 4", or "Sukhumvit 4", all referring to the fourth soi of Sukhumvit Road in Bangkok. When walking on the major street towards increasing soi numbers, all the even-numbered sois are on the right side and the odd-numbered ones on the left side of the street. It is possible that soi 20 is far away from soi 21 if there are more sois on one side of the street than on the other. If for instance a new soi is added between soi 7 and soi 9 it will get the number soi 7/1, the next one soi 7/2, etc.

While sois are commonly referred to by number, many sois in Bangkok also have a name. On lower Sukhumvit road in Bangkok, for instance, the sois are named after important landowners or families of landowners who had land in the area in the past. Some sois become major thoroughfares and because of that get known by their name only. Examples are Asok (Soi Sukhumvit 21), Thong Lo (Soi Sukhumvit 55), Ekkamai (Soi Sukhumvit 63), Pridi Banomyong (Soi Sukhumvit 71), etc.

Sois can themselves have sois branching off them, for example Thong Lo Soi 4 is the 4th soi branching off Thong Lo, itself the 55th soi branching off Sukhumvit Road.

The houses in a soi are numbered. If a new house is inserted after the house with number 150 for instance, it will get the number 150/1, etc. A formal address might read "150/1 Soi Sukhumvit 7", referring to the house with the first number after 150 in the seventh soi of Sukhumvit Road. The house numbers in most sois don't start at 1, but continue the house numbers of the main street.

See also
 Hẻm
 Hutong

References

Thai words and phrases
Streets in Thailand
Alleys

Soi


Noble Gábor Baross de Bellus (6 July 1848 – 8 May 1892) was a Hungarian statesman in Hungarian parliament, was born at Barossháza now Pružina near Trencsén (now Trenčín, Slovakia). He was for a time one of the professors there under Cardinal Kolos Vaszary. After acquiring considerable local reputation as chief notary of his county, he entered parliament in 1875, where he apparently gained a nickname "Slovak blackman" (tót szerecsen), due to his darker tanned complexity. He at once attached himself to Kálmán Tisza and remained faithful to his chief even after the Bosnian occupation had alienated so many of the supporters of the prime minister.

It was he who drew up the reply to the malcontents on this occasion, for the first time demonstrating his many-sided ability and his genius for sustained hard work. But it was in the field of economics that he principally achieved his fame. In 1883 he was appointed secretary to the ministry of ways and communications. Baross, who had prepared himself for quite another career, and had only become acquainted with the civilized West at the time of the Compromise of 1867, mastered, in an incredibly short time, the details of this difficult department. His zeal, conscientiousness and energy were so universally recognized, that on the retirement of Gábor Kemény, in 1886, he was appointed minister of ways and communications. He devoted himself especially to the development of the national railways, and the gigantic network of the Austro-Hungarian railway system and its unification was mainly his work.

But his most original creation in this respect was the zone system, which immensely facilitated and cheapened the circulation of all wares and produce, and brought the remotest districts into direct communication with the central point at Budapest. The amalgamation of the ministry of commerce with the ministry of ways in 1889 further enabled Baross to realize his great idea of making the trade of Hungary independent of foreign influences, of increasing the commercial productiveness of the kingdom and of gaining every possible advantage for her export trade by a revision of tolls. This patriotic policy provoked loud protests both from Austria and Germany at the conference of Vienna in 1890, and Baross was obliged somewhat to modify his system. This was by no means the only instance in which his commercial policy was attacked and even hampered by foreign courts. But wherever he was allowed a free hand he introduced epoch-making reforms in all the branches of his department, including posts, telegraphs, and so on.

A man of such strength of character was not to be turned from his course by any amount of opposition, and he rather enjoyed to be alluded to as "the iron-handed minister." The crowning point of his railway policy was the regulation of the Danube at the hitherto impassable Iron-Gates Rapids by the construction of canals, which opened up the eastern trade to Hungary and was an event of international importance. It was while inspecting his work there in March 1892 that he caught a chill, from which he died on 8 May. The day of his burial was a day of national mourning.

In Budapest today he is commemorated by a square () named in his honour, Baross tér, at the front of Budapest Keleti railway station. A large bronze statue of him was reinstated there on 6 December 2013 after several years of major works for the new Budapest Metro Line 4.

References

1848 births
1892 deaths
People from Považská Bystrica District
Hungarian people in rail transport
19th-century Hungarian people
Hungarian Interior Ministers
Education ministers of Hungary
Public Works and Transport ministers of Hungary

Gábor Baross


Modoc is a town in Union Township, Randolph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 196 at the 2010 census.

History
There are several legends to how the town of Modoc got its name. One of them said that a man travelling on the train threw out a cigar box containing the name Modoc, and that Henry Conley, one of the first settlers of the town, picked it up and suggested to bystanders that it would be a good name for the town. Another theory is that Modoc was named after the Modoc people who were traditionally located in northern California. They became noted for their resistance to the US Army during the Modoc War, ending in 1873.

A post office has been in operation at Modoc since 1883.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 196 people, 72 households, and 50 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 87 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 94.9% White, 0.5% African American, 2.0% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 72 households, of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 19.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.6% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.22.

The median age in the town was 33 years. 30.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 21.4% were from 45 to 64; and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 54.1% male and 45.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 225 people, 84 households, and 63 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 90 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.00% White, 1.33% African American, 0.44% Pacific Islander, and 2.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

There were 84 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,333, and the median income for a family was $32,708. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,230. About 12.3% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 21.9% of those 65 or over.

Geography
Modoc is located at  (40.046323, -85.126125). It is about 25 miles southeast of Muncie, Indiana, and is about 25 miles northwest of Richmond, Indiana and 60 miles from the cities of Indianapolis, Indiana, Dayton, Ohio, and Cincinnati.

According to the 2010 census, Modoc has a total area of , all land.

Transportation

Highways

Major highways and roads that serve Modoc include Indiana 1 and U.S. 36

Randolph Farms Landfill
Randolph Farms Landfill is a 120-acre (486,000 m2) landfill owned by the Balkema family of Kalamazoo, Michigan, located in Randolph County, Indiana. In addition to Randolph County, it serves Delaware, Madison, Jay, Wayne, and Henry Counties in Indiana, as well as Darke and Miami Counties in Ohio. Randolph Farms was built on a limestone hill, directly over sand and gravel aquifers, near the drainage basins  of White River and Whitewater River.

Education
Modoc's high school is Union High School. The mascot of the school is the Rocket. Their colors are royal blue and gold.

The I. B. & W. Railroad
Modoc, like many other small towns, probably would not have been built if the I. B. & W. Railroad had not made its way across southern Randolph County, in 1878. The location was poorly drained, but it had the advantage of being rather flat. It was plagued, for many years, by typhoid fever outbreaks. The railroad was built by many contractors. The railroad came through Modoc from the west, and met the contractors, who were building the next section east, in what was then a strip of timber about one-half mile east of where the depot was located.

References

Towns in Randolph County, Indiana
Towns in Indiana
Populated places established in 1883

Modoc, Indiana


Hildene, the Lincoln Family Home is the former summer home of Robert Todd Lincoln and his wife Mary Harlan Lincoln, located at 1005 Hildene Road in Manchester Center, Vermont.

History
Robert Todd Lincoln was the eldest of the four sons of President Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln, and the only one of them to survive into adulthood. He first visited Manchester Center, Vermont at age 20 in the summer of 1863 when he, his brother Tad, and their mother stayed at the nearby Equinox House to escape the heat of Washington, DC.

Hildene remained occupied by descendants of the Lincoln family until 1975, when the next to last descendant of the Lincoln-Harlan family, Mary Lincoln Beckwith, granddaughter of Robert and Mary and daughter of Jessie and Warren Wallace Beckwith, died there. In 1978 the non-profit organization, the Friends of Hildene, purchased the property and began restoration of the house, outbuildings and gardens.

Landscape
The name Hildene is from the old English words meaning "hill" and "valley with stream". Completed in 1905 in the Georgian Revival style, the house is located on a  promontory overlooking the Battenkill Valley. Approximately half of the  estate is located at the lower level of the valley and includes meadows and wetlands. A formal garden in the form of a cathedral's stained glass window was planted in 1907. The window pattern is defined by privet hedge and filled with mixed borders of annual and perennial flowering plants providing the multicolored "stained glass." The garden is especially noted for its collection of over 1,000 herbaceous peonies.

In 2008, the Rowland Agricultural Center at Hildene Farm opened to the public with its herd of Nubian goats and cheese-making facility. In the summer of 2011, the restored 1903 wooden Pullman palace car, Sunbeam, made its home at the Manchester estate. The car came off the line during Robert's tenure as president of the Pullman Company.

Interior
Hildene is furnished almost entirely with Lincoln family furniture and contains artifacts belonging to Robert Todd Lincoln and his parents. In 1908 an Æolian pipe organ was installed at a cost of $11,500.  In 1980 the Friends of Hildene restored the organ.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bennington County, Vermont

References

Keelan, Donald, B. Robert Todd Lincoln's Hildene and How It Was Saved 1975-1978. Keelan Family Foundation: 2001. .
http://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/26/us/last-escendant-of-lincoln-81-years-old-dies-in-virginia.html?scp=4&sq=robert%20todd%20lincoln%20beckwith&st=cse#

External links

Hildene's official website

Houses completed in 1905
Georgian Revival architecture in Vermont
Historic house museums in Vermont
Museums in Bennington County, Vermont
Buildings and structures in Manchester, Vermont
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Lincoln family
Biographical museums in Vermont
Houses in Bennington County, Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Bennington County, Vermont
1905 establishments in Vermont
Gilded Age mansions

Hildene


Víctor Manuel San José Sánchez (born July 7, 1947) is a Spanish singer-songwriter.
He has been married to the Spanish singer and actress Ana Belén since 1972. He and his wife are considered symbols of the Spanish Transition, and his songs and albums often feature boldly-titled works with social and political content.

Discography

At the beginning of his career
Víctor Manuel edited some singles an EP and an album by the former Spanish discography Belter from 1966 to 1969
 Mucho/Tus cosas (A lot/Your things)
 Un gran hombre/Lejano, lejano (A great man/far away, far away)
 Y Sorrento empezó/El pueblo/Mi música eres tú/No te lo crees ni tú (And Sorrento started/The village/You are my music/Not even you believe it)
 Primer disco/Por caridad/Ninette/Y sin embargo (1966) (The first disc/For pity's sake/Ninette/Nonetheless)
 El tren de madera/El cobarde (1968) (The wooden train/The coward)
 El mendigo/La romería (The beggar/The crowd)
 El abuelo Vítor/Paxarinos (Grandpa Vítor/Birds)
 En el portalín de piedra/Ya se escuchan las panderetas (1969) (In the porch of stone/We are already listening the tambourines)
 Víctor Manuel (1970)

Philips-Universal
In 1970 Victor Manuel signed for Universal. After his first album, his political songs caused the label to refuse to promote his records, which resulted in one commercial failure after another.
 Quiero abrazarte tanto (1970) (I want to hug you so much)
 Dáme la mano (1971) (Give me your hand)
 OST "Al diablo, con amor" (Ana Belén and Víctor Manuel) (1972) (To the devil, with love)
 Víctor Manuel (edited in México) (1973)
 Verde (popular songs of Asturias) (1973) (Green)
 Todos tenemos un precio (1974) (We all have a price)
 Cómicos (1975) (Comedians)
 Víctor Manuel en Directo (1976) (Víctor Manuel live)
 Spanien (edited in the Democraty German Republic) (1977)
 Canto para todos (1977) (Song for all)
 Diez (1978) (Ten)

CBS-Sony-Columbia
In 1978 Víctor Manuel signed for CBS. Many people didn't understand why a label could sign a non-commercial singer. However, five of Víctor's six albums resulted in commercial hits, with four number ones and 12 songs out of 60 at the Top 40 from 1979 to 1986.
 Soy un corazón tendido al sol (1978) (I'm a heart laying in the sun)
 Luna (1979) (Moon)
 Ay, amor (1981) (Oh, love)
 Por el camino (1982) (Along the way)
 Víctor y Ana en vivo (Ana Belén and Víctor Manuel) (1982) (Víctor and Ana live)
 El lanzador de cuchillos (1984) (The knife thrower)
 En directo (1985) (Live)
 Para la ternura siempre hay tiempo  (1986) (There is always time for tenderness)
  Poets in New York (Poetas en Nueva York) (contributor, Federico García Lorca tribute album, 1986)

BMG-Ariola
After the releasing of Para la ternura siempre hay tiempo, the bestseller of Víctor Manuel, he left CBS and founded his own label, Ion Música, and accorded with BMG the distribution.
 Qué te puedo dar (1988) (What can I give you?)
 Tiempo de cerezas (new versions of old songs) (1989) (Time of cherries)
 El delicado olor de las violetas (1990) (The delicate smell of violets)
 A dónde irán los besos (1993) (Where do kisses go?)
 Mucho más que dos (Ana Belén and Víctor Manuel) (1994) along with 7 more singers like Joan Manuel Serrat, Miguel Ríos, Joaquín Sabina, Pablo Milanés, the former Antonio Flores, Manolo Tena and actor Juan Echanove at the Sport's Palace of Gijón, Spain. (Much more than two)
 Sin memoria (1996) (Without memory)
 Cada uno es como es (1999) (We are the way we are)
 Vivir para cantarlo (1999) (Live to sing it)
 El hijo del ferroviario (2001) (The trainman's son)
 Dos en la carretera (Ana Belén and Víctor Manuel) (2001) (Two along the road)
 El perro del garaje (2004) (The dog of the garage)
 Una canción me trajo aquí (Ana Belén and Víctor Manuel) (2006) (A song took me here)
 No hay nada mejor que escribir una canción (2008) (There is nothing better than writing a song)

Others
 En Blanco y Negro (Pablo Milanés and Víctor Manuel) (1995) (In black and white)
 El gusto es nuestro (Ana Belén, Víctor Manuel, Miguel Ríos y Joan Manuel Serrat) (1996) (Our pleasure)
 Hecho en Asturias (Nuberu, Tejedor, Mari Luz Cristóbal y Víctor Manuel. Concert directed by Ramón Prada and recorded in Oviedo, Asturies, on Asturies' Day) (2002) (Made in Asturies)
 Neruda en el corazón (Various artists) (2004) (Neruda in the heart)

Filmography

 Morbo (1972) (with Ana Belén).
 Al diablo, con amor (1972) (with Ana Belén).

References

External links

  Official page
  Soy un corazón tendido al sol Page with forum.
  Cada uno es como es

1947 births
Living people
People from Mieres, Asturias
Asturian music
Spanish male singers
Sony Music Spain artists
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners

Víctor Manuel


Troy Harold Seals (born November 16, 1938, in Bighill, Madison County, Kentucky, United States) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.

He is a member of the prominent Seals family of musicians that includes Jim Seals (of Seals and Crofts), Dan Seals (of England Dan & John Ford Coley), Brady Seals (Little Texas and Hot Apple Pie), and Johnny Duncan. During the 1970s, Seals recorded with Lonnie Mack and Doug Kershaw and although he made two albums of his own, he is best known as a songwriter. His compositions have been recorded by artists such as Joe Cocker, Eric Clapton, Nancy Sinatra, Randy Travis, Conway Twitty, Hank Williams Jr., Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, Charlie Rich, Levon Helm, and Jerry Lee Lewis. George Jones' "Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes," was co-written with Max D. Barnes.

Seals has played guitar on numerous sessions for recording stars and has collaborated on compositions with Waylon Jennings, Vince Gill, Will Jennings and others. He has had three co-written compositions nominated for the Country Music Association "Song of the Year" award: "Seven Spanish Angels" (1985), "Lost in the Fifties Tonight" (1986), and  "If You Ever Have Forever In Mind" (1999). He also co-wrote "L.A. Lady" for the New Riders of the Purple Sage, along with Will Jennings and Donald Clint Goodman. "L.A. Lady" was also recorded by Dobie Gray.

In recognition of his successful career, Seals was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Singles

AB-side to "Star of the Bar."

References

External links

1938 births
American country guitarists
American male guitarists
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Kentucky
Living people
People from Madison County, Kentucky
Singer-songwriters from Kentucky
Guitarists from Kentucky
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians

Troy Seals


Jill St. John (born Jill Arlyn Oppenheim; August 19, 1940) is an American retired actress. She may be best known for playing Tiffany Case, the first American Bond girl of the James Bond film franchise, in Diamonds Are Forever. Additional performances in film include Holiday for Lovers, The Lost World, Tender Is the Night, Come Blow Your Horn, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination, Who's Minding the Store?, Honeymoon Hotel, The Liquidator, The Oscar, Tony Rome, Sitting Target and The Concrete Jungle.

On television, St. John has appeared in such top rated shows as Batman, The Big Valley, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Hart to Hart, Vega$, The Love Boat, Fantasy Island, Magnum, P.I. and Seinfeld. During her Hollywood heyday she was almost equally famous for her high-profile social life and frequent romantic associations with prominent stars. St. John is married to actor Robert Wagner and has known him since she was 18 years old. They share credits on nearly a dozen screen and stage productions, notably the miniseries remake of Around the World in 80 Days.

Early life
St. John was born Jill Arlyn Oppenheim in Los Angeles on August 19, 1940, to Edward Oppenheim, a restaurateur from New York, and his philanthropist wife Betty (née Goldberg), from Philadelphia. She has no siblings, but grew up with many cousins, her mother being one of eight surviving children and her father one of three. St. John's parents married in 1934. Her maternal grandparents were Russian, of partial Jewish descent, while her paternal great-great-grandparents emigrated from Hessen, Germany.

Raised in Encino, St. John was a member of the Children's Ballet Company with Natalie Wood and Stefanie Powers. All three would later marry or co-star with actor Robert Wagner. When she was 13, her stage mother Betty changed Jill's last name to the more marketable St. John.

Career

Child actress
St. John began acting on radio at age six. In December 1949, at age nine, she made her screen debut in The Christmas Carol, the first full-length TV movie. Also that year, she joined the cast of Sandy Dreams, a TV show for children featuring Richard Beymer.

At age 11, she appeared in two episodes of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show. She had a small role in the film Thunder in the East (1951) and was in episodes of Sky King, Fireside Theatre, and Cavalcade of America.

She attended Powers Professional School and received her high school diploma from Hollywood Professional School in the spring of 1955 at age 14. With a reported IQ of 162, at age 15 St. John enrolled at UCLA's Extension School.

During this time, she appeared on a large number of radio shows, notably One Man's Family.

Universal
St. John was 16 in May 1957 when Universal Pictures signed her to a contract for seven years starting at $200 a week. Her major studio film debut was in Summer Love (1958) starring John Saxon. She also appeared on TV in episodes of The Christophers, Schlitz Playhouse, and The DuPont Show of the Month (an adaptation of Junior Miss). She said her idol was Kay Kendall.

20th Century Fox

St John then signed a contract with 20th Century Fox, who tried to build her into a star. She played the daughter of Clifton Webb in The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker and Holiday for Lovers (both 1959), then was put in an adventure movie, The Lost World (1960).

"Nothing but starlet parts," she later said. "You know, the daughter, the niece, the girlfriend."

Fox picked up their option on her. Warner Bros. borrowed her for The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961), then she had a supporting role in Tender Is the Night (1962).

Comedy
St. John had a key role in Come Blow Your Horn (1963), where she starred opposite Frank Sinatra. She received a Golden Globe Award nomination as Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance in the film.

"I'm a comedienne," she said in 1963. "I've never pretended to be a dramatic actress. But I'm very funny."

She followed this with a series of comedies: Who's Minding the Store? (1963) with Jerry Lewis, Who's Been Sleeping in My Bed? (1963) with Dean Martin, and Honeymoon Hotel (1964) with Robert Morse and Nancy Kwan.

"Now I play the sexy comedienne, which is my forte" she said in 1964. "Comedy is what I've always wanted to do."

She guest-starred on television shows like Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Burke's Law, The Rogues, and Theatre of Stars. In 1964, she guest-starred with Lauren Bacall and Bacall's then husband, Jason Robards, Jr., in the episode  "Take a Walk Through the Cemetery" of the drama series Mr. Broadway. She also appeared in some variety specials with Bob Hope.

MGM gave her the female lead in a spy spoof The Liquidator (1965) with Rod Taylor, and she was in The Oscar (1966) with Stephen Boyd.

St. John appeared in the first and second episodes of the television series Batman as the Riddler's moll Molly. She became the first character to die in an episode of Batman in that second episode. She was also in an episode of The Big Valley at that time.

Universal reprise
St. John signed a contract at Universal. She was in a TV movie Fame Is the Name of the Game (1966), and had a supporting role in How I Spent My Summer Vacation (1967), starring future husband Robert Wagner.

She did the Bob Hope comedy Eight on the Run (1967), then made Banning (1967) with Wagner, and The King's Pirate (1967) with Doug McClure.

In 1966, she said her goal "was to be at a point where I have so proved myself as an actress that I can be more discriminating in the roles I choose. I want to be able to choose the parts I know I can do next." St. John nearly landed a starring role in The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967), which instead went to Sharon Tate.

She was reunited with Sinatra in Tony Rome (1967) and did a TV movie The Spy Killer (1968), which was popular enough for the sequel Foreign Exchange (1970). She guested on The Name of the Game. Decisions! Decisions! (1971) was a TV movie St. John did with Bob Newhart and Jean Simmons.

James Bond
St. John achieved her biggest success starring as diamond smuggler Tiffany Case, the love interest of James Bond in Diamonds Are Forever (1971), opposite Sean Connery. She was the first American to play a Bond girl. The character Tiffany is argumentative, abrasive, loud, and brash when compared to previous Bond girls who were more demure; film scholars have inferred that she is meant to be a stereotypical commentary on American women.

In 1972, St. John appeared alongside Oliver Reed in the British crime drama Sitting Target. After the shoot wrapped, she took a break from her career. She later explained that "two pictures in a row was exhausting... I decided I needed a new way of life."

Television
St. John did the TV movies Saga of Sonora (1973) and Brenda Starr (1976) (playing the title role), and guest-starred on Vega$, The Love Boat, Magnum, P.I., Fantasy Island, and Matt Houston. She also appeared in the pilot episode for Hart to Hart.

In 1981, following a decade-long sabbatical in Aspen, Colorado, St. John made Hollywood her primary residence again. "I really don't have to work," she said of her return. "But you know what? I got bored."
St. John did the TV movies Two Guys from Muck (1982) and Rooster (1982) and was top-billed in the feature The Concrete Jungle (1982), a woman in prison film in which she played Warden Fletcher. She had a small role in The Act (1983).

During 1983–1984, she starred with Dennis Weaver on the short-lived soap opera Emerald Point N.A.S., in which she played Deanna Kinkaid, Thomas Mallory's conniving former sister-in-law.  It also starred another former Bond girl, Maud Adams.

Later career
St. John and Robert Wagner were in Around the World in 80 Days (1989); Something to Believe In (1998); and The Calling (2002). They made brief cameo appearances as themselves in Robert Altman's Hollywood satire The Player (1992).

In 1996, they started appearing together on stage in a national touring production of Love Letters.

In 1997, the couple appeared together at the end of "The Yada Yada" episode of the television sitcom Seinfeld.

St. John appeared without Wagner in Out There (1995) and The Trip (2002).

In 2014, St. John played Mrs. Claus in the TV movie Northpole alongside Wagner, who played the part of Santa Claus. The film marked her first acting role after a 12-year absence from the screen. She has since officially retired from acting, but remains involved in civic activities.

Avocation
In 1972, St. John largely left Hollywood behind and moved to Aspen, where she focused on personal interests and cooking. She is among the celebrities credited with increasing the popularity of the town along with Goldie Hawn and Jack Nicholson.

Her interest in cooking eventually led to her becoming a culinary personality, appearing in monthly cooking segments on ABC-TV's Good Morning America and her writing a column in USA Weekend magazine through the 1980s. This culminated in authoring The Jill St. John Cookbook (1987), a collection of healthy recipes and some anecdotes.

St. John also developed a handmade Angora sweater business, and became interested in orchid growing, skiing, hiking, river rafting, camping, and gardening. In 1987, she said "I'm a mountain gal now. I love the outdoors and I love harvesting and using fresh vegetables and herbs."

St. John is founder of the Aunts Club, a Rancho Mirage-based group of women who contribute at least $1,000 per year to provide financial support for a child.

Politics
St. John ran unsuccessfully in 2023 for a board seat on the Aspen Fire Department.

Personal life
St. John has been married four times. Her husbands:

 Neil Dubin (May 12, 1957 – July 3, 1958; divorced) St. John was 16 years old when they eloped to Yuma, Arizona. Dubin was heir to a linen fortune. St. John complained that he harassed and ridiculed her.

 Lance Reventlow (March 24, 1960 – October 30, 1963; divorced) Reventlow was the son of Barbara Hutton, heir to the F. W. Woolworth fortune. St. John received a settlement of $86,000. Despite their divorce and subsequent remarriages, she refers to Reventlow as "my late husband" in interviews.

 Jack Jones (October 14, 1967 – February 28, 1969; divorced) Jones said demands on his singing career and the involved  traveling contributed to the breakup.

 Robert Wagner (May 26, 1990 – present) The couple first met in 1959 when they were contract players at 20th Century Fox, and have been together since Valentine's Day 1982.

Between marriages, St. John dated entertainment, sports, and political personalities including Ben Barnes, Gianni Bulgari, Sammy Cahn, Michael Caine, Oleg Cassini, Barry Coe, Sean Connery, Ahmet Ertegun, Robert Evans, Glenn Ford, David Frost, Jack Haley Jr., Bill Hudson, Henry Kissinger, Sidney Korshak, Peter Lawford, George Lazenby, Jim Lonborg, Trini López, Tom Mankiewicz, George Montgomery, Joe Namath, Jack Nicholson, Hugh O'Brian, Ogden Mills Phipps, Roman Polanski, Alejandro Rey, Tom Selleck, Frank Sinatra, Robert Vaughn, Giovanni Volpi, Adam West and David L. Wolper.

St. John has also had amorous relationships with criminal court judge Jerome M. Becker, ski instructor Ricky Head, Olympic ski champion Brownie Barnes, plastic surgeon Steven Zax, investment broker Lenny Ross, Chicago businessman Delbert W. Coleman and Brazilian entrepreneur Francisco "Baby" Pignatari. She was engaged to Miami real estate developer Robert Blum in 1974, but called off the engagement.

She has three stepdaughters:
 Katie Wagner, born 1964 to Wagner and Marion Marshall
 Natasha Gregson, born 1970 to Richard Gregson and Natalie Wood, but raised in the Wagner/St. John household after Wood died
 Courtney Wagner, born 1974 to Wagner and Wood

In 2007, Wagner and St. John sold the Brentwood ranchette they had lived on since 1983, for a reported $14 million and relocated full-time to Aspen.

Mutual animosity between St. John and her husband's former sister-in-law, actress Lana Wood, extends back to 1971, when Sean Connery was simultaneously involved with both women during the filming of Diamonds Are Forever. The pair's half-century feud has been highlighted by two well-documented public altercations: one in September 1999, when St. John refused to be photographed with Wood at a Bond girl reunion for Vanity Fair magazine, and another in February 2016, when Wood crashed an event honoring St. John in Palm Springs and confronted Wagner over the reopened homicide investigation of her sister Natalie, who mysteriously drowned in 1981 while yachting with Wagner off the coast of Santa Catalina Island.

Filmography

Film

Television

Footnotes

References

External links

1940 births
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American businesspeople
20th Century Studios contract players
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
American child actresses
American cookbook writers
American film actresses
American people of German descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American philanthropists
American radio actresses
American real estate businesspeople
American television actresses
American women non-fiction writers
Living people
People from Aspen, Colorado
People from Encino, Los Angeles
Reventlow family
Universal Pictures contract players
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Women cookbook writers
Woolworth family

Jill St. John


A laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a guided bomb that uses semi-active laser guidance to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than an unguided bomb. First developed by the United States during the Vietnam War, laser-guided bombs quickly proved their value in precision strikes of difficult point targets. These weapons use on-board electronics to track targets that are designated by laser, typically in the infrared spectrum, and adjust their glide path to accurately strike the target. Since the weapon is tracking a light signature, not the object itself, the target must be illuminated from a separate source, either by ground forces, by a pod on the attacking aircraft, or by a separate support aircraft.

Data from the 28,000 laser guided bombs dropped in Vietnam showed that laser-guided bombs achieved direct hits nearly 50% of the time, despite the laser having to be aimed out the side window of the back seat of another aircraft in flight. Unguided bombs had an accuracy rate of just 5.5% per mission, which usually included large numbers of the munitions. Because of this dramatically higher precision, laser-guided munitions can carry less explosive and cause less collateral damage than unguided munitions. Today, laser-guided bombs are one of the most common and widespread guided bombs, used by many of the world's air forces.

Development
Laser-guided weapons were first developed in the United States in the early 1960s. The United States Air Force (USAF) issued the first development contracts in 1964, leading to the development of the Paveway series, which was used operationally in the Vietnam War starting in 1968.

Originally the project began as a surface to air missile seeker developed by Texas Instruments. When TI executive Glenn E. Penisten attempted to sell the new technology to the Air Force, Col. Joe Davis Jr. inquired if it could instead be used as a ground attack system to overcome problems US aircraft were having with accuracy of bombing in Vietnam. Davis had already witnessed a test of the Army's new laser target designator made by Martin Marietta, but no seeker existed to make use of the system. Davis had already performed tests from the back seat of an F-4 Phantom and proved that it was possible to accurately target objects from a moving aircraft. His mock testing proved correct, and during further testing with live seekers it took just six attempts to improve the seeker accuracy from  to within  of the target. This greatly exceeded the design requirements. It was commissioned by the USAF in 1967 and two different types, the BOLT-117 and the Paveway I successfully completed a combat evaluation in Vietnam from May to August 1968. Without the existence of tracking pods the Weapon Systems Officer (WSO) in the back seat of an F-4 Phantom II fighter bomber used a hand-held Airborne Laser Designator to guide the bombs, but half of the LGBs still hit their targets despite the difficulties inherent in keeping the laser on the target. LGBs proved to offer a much higher degree of accuracy than unguided weapons, but without the expense, complexity, and limitations of guided air-to-ground missiles like the AGM-12 Bullpup. The LGB proved particularly effective against difficult fixed targets like bridges, which previously had required huge loads of "dumb" ordnance to destroy.

It was determined that 48% of Paveways dropped during 1972–73 around Hanoi and Haiphong achieved direct hits, compared with only 5.5% of unguided bombs dropped on the same area a few years earlier. The average Paveway landed within  of its target, as opposed to  for gravity bombs. The leap in accuracy brought about primarily by laser guidance made it possible to take out heavily defended, point objectives that had eluded earlier air raids.

The most dramatic example was the Thanh Hoa Bridge,  south of Hanoi, a critical crossing point over the Red River. Starting in 1965, U.S. pilots had flown 871 sorties against it, losing 11 planes without managing to put it out of commission. In 1972 the "Dragon's Jaw" bridge was attacked with Paveway bombs, and 14 jets managed to do what the previous 871 had not: drop the span, and cut a critical North Vietnamese supply artery.

In the wake of this success, other nations, specifically the Soviet Union, France, and Great Britain, began developing similar weapons in the late 1960s and early 1970s, while US weapons were refined based on combat experience.

In October 2010, India developed its first Sudarshan laser-guided bomb with the help of IRDE, a lab of DRDO.

The USAF and other air forces are now seeking to upgrade their LGBs with GPS guidance as a back-up. These weapons, such as the USAF Enhanced Guided Bomb Unit (part of the Paveway family), use laser designation for precision attacks, but contain an inertial navigation system with GPS receiver for back-up, so that if the target illumination is lost or broken, the weapon will continue to home in on the GPS coordinates of the original target.

See also
 Bombe Guidée Laser
 Joint Direct Attack Munition
 KAB-500L
 List of laser articles
 Missile guidance

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Laser-guided bombs page – FAS

Guided bombs
Laser ranging
American inventions

Laser-guided bomb


The Outercurve Foundation was an independent 501(c)(6) non-profit corporation founded by Microsoft. Its goal was to "enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities." They ran several software projects, some of which were connected to the .NET Framework.

It was founded on September 10, 2009, as the CodePlex Foundation, led mostly by Microsoft employees and affiliates.  The free software community considered the site subversive and suspected Microsoft's goal was to make people dependent on Windows and other software owned by Microsoft.  The name Outercurve Foundation was adopted In September 2010.  In November 2010 changes to by-laws were made and the board was expanded. Outercurve now serves the larger free and open-source community as a generalized low-overhead foundation for projects and organizations. Projects contributed by the group to the .NET Foundation include Nuget, Kudu and the ASP.NET AJAX library.

Outercurve directors filed articles of dissolution to the Washington Secretary of State on April 22, 2017.

See also

 Free software movement

References

501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
Free software
Microsoft
Non-profit corporations

Outercurve Foundation


I Married a Communist is a Philip Roth novel concerning the rise and fall of Ira Ringold, known as "Iron Rinn."  The story is narrated by Nathan Zuckerman, and is one of a trio of Zuckerman novels Roth wrote in the 1990s depicting the postwar history of Newark, New Jersey and its residents.

Ira and his brother Murray serve as two immense influences on the school-age Zuckerman, and the story is told as a contemporary reminiscence between Murray and Nathan on Ira's life.  Although a communist, Ira became a star in radio theater.  Personal conflicts with  McCarthyite politicians, a gossip columnist, and his daughter-addled and manipulative wife all combine to destroy Ira and many of those around him.

Contents
The novel tells the story of a great betrayal: Ira Ringold, laborer, upstanding communist and then media star, is socially annihilated by his wife Eve in the book, 'I Married A Communist'; in the paranoia of the 1950s 'McCarthy' era, almost nobody dares to show solidarity or support.

The rise and fall of the angry Ira Ringold (Latin: ira means anger) is told by his older brother, the teacher Murray Ringold, to his former student Nathan Zuckerman, who in turn tells the story to the readership as Philip Roth's alter ego.

Claire Bloom controversy

Some reviewers, especially those in the British press such as Rachelle Thackray of The Independent and Linda Grant of The Guardian, consider the character of Eve Frame — the antisemitic wife who destroys Ira — to be a barely disguised riposte to Roth's ex-wife, Claire Bloom, for her unflattering memoirs, which portrayed Roth as unable to bottle his vanity and incapable of living in the same household with Bloom's daughter, Anna Steiger.

Linda Grant writes of the similarities between Claire Bloom and Eve Frame:

Frame is a Jewish actress, so is Bloom. Frame's second husband is a financier, so was Bloom's. Eve Frame has a daughter who is a harpist, Bloom's girl is an opera singer. Ira tells the daughter to move out, Roth did the same. Ira has an affair with the daughter's best friend; Roth, Bloom alleged, came on to her own daughter's best friend.

She argues I Married a Communist "is not a novel", but rather, "an angry, bitter, resentful mess by a man who might have taken another course."

References

1998 American novels
Ambassador Book Award-winning works
Cultural depictions of Syngman Rhee
Houghton Mifflin books
Novels by Philip Roth
Novels set in Newark, New Jersey

I Married a Communist


A mononuclidic element or monotopic element is a chemical elements that is found naturally on Earth as only one nuclide. Most elements have many nuclides, that is their nuclei may have various numbers of neutrons. The single nuclide of a mononuclidic element may, or may not, be a stable one. There are 21 mononuclidic elements.

Isotopes

Mononuclidic element


Kinkerbuurt () is the neighborhood in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Along with the Overtoombuurt, it is part of the neighborhood of Oud-West in the borough of Amsterdam-West. It was built at the beginning of the twentieth century when Amsterdam was being expanded. Kinkerstraat, the area's main shopping street, was named after Dutch poet and lawyer Johannes Kinker.

The borough administration distinguishes several smaller areas within the Kinkerbuurt: the Bellamybuurt, the Van Lennepbuurt and the Da Costabuurt.

References

External links
 Kinkerbuurt
 Kinkerbuurt Online

Amsterdam-West
Neighbourhoods of Amsterdam

Kinkerbuurt


Ha (Ў ў; italics: Ў ў) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. The only Slavic language using this letter in its orthography is Belarusian, though it is used as a phonetic symbol in some Russian and Ukrainian dictionaries.[1] Among the non-Slavic languages using Cyrillic alphabets, ў is used in Dungan, Karakalpak, Karachay-Balkar, Mansi, Sakhalin Nivkh, Ossetian and Yupik. It is also used in Uzbek – this letter corresponds to Oʻ in the Uzbek alphabet.

Cyrillic letters

Short U (Cyrillic)


Cornwall is a town in Orange County, New York, United States, approximately  north of New York City on the western shore of the Hudson River.  As of the 2020 census, the population was at 12,884. Cornwall has become a bedroom community for area towns and cities including New York City. Commuter rail service to North Jersey and New York City is available via the Salisbury Mills–Cornwall train station, operated by NJ Transit on behalf of Metro-North Railroad. The town is located less than an hour from the George Washington Bridge with access to major commuter routes such as the New York State Thruway and the Palisades Parkway.

Cornwall's Main Street includes gift shops, taverns, restaurants, coffeehouses, yoga studios and boutiques. Government offices, churches, parks, the riverfront, and St. Luke's Cornwall Hospital, a part of the Montefiore Health System, are situated within walking distance of downtown. The town is a designated Tree City.

Cornwall was featured as "The Best Places to Raise Kids 2013" in New York by Bloomberg Business Week magazine.

Infrastructural Developments
Some of the infrastructural developments that took place in Cornwall in the past few years are:

 Construction of a new town hall on Main Street in 1997, replacing the old one built in 1872. The new town hall features a clock tower, a meeting room, and offices for various departments.
 Expansion and renovation of the Cornwall Public Library in 2001, which included more space for books, computers, and programs. The library also received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to upgrade its technology equipment.
 Completion of a new wastewater treatment plant on Shore Road in 2005. The new plant has a capacity of 1.5 million gallons per day and uses ultraviolet disinfection to reduce pollutants.
 Installation of a solar array on the roof of the Cornwall Central High School in 2012. The project was funded by a grant from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA).
 Construction of a new bridge over Moodna Creek on Route 94 in 2018.

Local Government
Some of the changes in local government that occurred in Cornwall in the past few years include:

 The election of Mary Beth Greene-Krafft as the first female town supervisor in Cornwall history in 1999. She served until 2007 and was succeeded by Kevin Quigley.
 The adoption of a new comprehensive plan for Cornwall in 2006.
 The establishment of a town ethics board in 2010.
 The creation of a town website in 2011.
 The appointment of Joshua Wojehowski as the town supervisor in 2020.

Education
Cornwall has a public school district that serves about 3,000 students in four schools: Cornwall Elementary School, Willow Avenue Elementary School, Cornwall Central Middle School, and Cornwall Central High School. The district offers various academic programs and extracurricular activities.

Cornwall also has two private schools: New York Military Academy (NYMA) and Storm King School. NYMA is a coeducational boarding school for grades 7-12 that offers a military-style education with an emphasis on leadership, character, and academics. NYMA was founded in 1889 and has produced notable alumni such as Donald Trump, Stephen Sondheim, and John Gotti Jr. Storm King School is a coeducational boarding and day school for grades 8-12 that offers a college preparatory curriculum with an emphasis on arts, sciences, and global citizenship. Storm King School was founded in 1867 and has produced notable alumni such as Peter Yarrow, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., and Chevy Chase.

Culture
Cornwall has a rich cultural heritage that includes:

 The Cornwall Historical Society Museum.
 The Hudson Highlands Nature Museum.
 The annual RiverFest.
 The Cornwall Fall Festival.
 The Storm King Art Center.

History
When the explorer Henry Hudson visited the region in 1609 the land was occupied by the Waoraneck Indians. In 1685 a colony of twenty-five Scottish families settled around the mouth of the Moodna Creek, led by the soldier Major Patrick McGregor and his brother-in-law, David Toiseach, the laird of Monzievaird. In the ensuing 50 years, English and Scottish families came to the fertile tableland above the river meadows naming it "new Cornwall" because of the marked similarity to the County of Cornwall, England, It is believed that the hamlet of Canterbury was the site of this settlement. The first recorded town meeting was held in April 1765. In 1788, Orange County was subdivided into numerous townships, thus producing the town of "New Cornwall." The town's name was subsequently changed from "New Cornwall" to "Cornwall" in 1797. The late 1800s were the heyday of Cornwall's fame. It became a summer resort because of the natural beauty of the river, its mountain vistas, scenic trails, fresh country air and convenience to New York City via riverboat or railroad.

The area that became Cornwall was part of Governor Dongan's 1685 Tract. The Precinct of Cornwall was created in 1764. The Town was founded in 1788 as New Cornwall, which was changed in 1797 to Cornwall.

The nineteenth century
In the mid-19th century, Cornwall developed a reputation as a health retreat. Until the early 20th century, city folk flocked to the valley to experience the therapeutic powers they believed it to hold.  The mountains, fresh air and evergreen forests were thought to offer the perfect conditions for good health and they were not far from the city.  Cornwall, on the west side of the Hudson, became especially popular as a health retreat, offering numerous boarding houses and many conveniences of the day, including accessibility to the railroad and steamboats, as well as a telegraph office and large library.

Nathaniel Parker Willis, one of the Knickerbocker writers, enjoyed the time he spent here so much he bought property in Cornwall, establishing a country home he called Idlewild.  His many writings on the area helped make Cornwall a popular spot for health-seekers. Winslow Homer, the famous water color artist, spent summers in the hamlet of Mountainville - then known as Ketcham Town - as a young artist and many of his pastoral themed water colors were made there and depict the local scenery.

Shifting attitudes toward a more healthy lifestyle began to make the Hudson Valley popular for outdoor activities and exercise.  Hiking, rowing, swimming, fishing, hunting and biking all contributed to the development in the area of summer camps as well as the notion of the summer vacation.

Historic buildings

The A. J. Clark Store is located at 286 Main Street in downtown Cornwall. Archer Clark built the Italianate building to house his butcher shop around 1875, after an 1870 fire destroyed his earlier quarters. It would continue in existence in that building for a century. Later, one of his descendants converted it into a delicatessen. In 1996 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an intact commercial building dating from Cornwall's days as a summer resort town in the late 19th century.

The Canterbury Presbyterian Church is located along Clinton Street in downtown Cornwall. A white stone and brick building in the Federal style, with later Colonial Revival style additions, it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996. In 2018 the Church which had been in need of repairs was acquired and converted in to a Dance Studio. This helped bring much needed repairs to support the history of the building.

The Carvey–Gatfield House is a stone house along Angola Road in Cornwall. It was built in the first decade of the 19th century in the Federal style. The land was originally the property of Isaac Bobbin, an early settler, until subdivided into the present parcel and sold to Mathias Carvey in 1805, around the time the house was built. Carvey had bought the property from William Robinson, two owners removed from Bobbin, to support his mill on a nearby stream. He in turn sold it to Benjamin Gatfield, in whose family it would remain for almost a century. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

The Oliver Brewster House is a Gothic Revival home located on Willow Avenue, across from Willow Avenue Elementary School. It was originally built as a farmhouse in the mid-19th century. Later, as Cornwall became a popular summer resort for visitors from New York City, it was expanded and renovated for use as a boardinghouse as well. In 1996 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The Samuel Brooks House is located on Pleasant Hill Road north of the hamlet of Mountainville. Brooks, a descendant of one of Cornwall's oldest families, built this as a farmhouse around 1860. After the Civil War, summer boarders from New York City began coming to Cornwall, and Brooks quickly adapted it for use as a boardinghouse. Its location, near Schunemunk Mountain made it a desirable location for the summer boarders who made Cornwall a popular resort community in the late 19th century. In 1996 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Environmental advocacy
In 1962, a 17-year legal battle began that launched modern-day environmental activism. Consolidated Edison proposed building a giant hydroelectric plant on the river at Storm King Mountain near Cornwall. Despite pressure from local residents, Con Ed went forward with its plan, applying to the Federal Power Commission for a license to operate such a facility.

Three years later, after hearings and appeals and more hearings, the U. S. Court of Appeals set a precedent when it sent the case back to the FPC to start the process over again.  Its reasoning was based on the commission's refusal to hear much of the environmental impact testimony the first time around. For the first time in U.S. history, a court had decided that protection of natural resources was just as important as economic gain. It prompted Congress to pass the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969, which requires an environmental impact study on all major projects needing approval from the federal government.

Geography

The town is located 52 miles (84 km) north of New York City, and five  miles (9 km) north of the United States Military Academy at West Point, in eastern Orange County. It is shaped like an irregular pentagon pointing southwards. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and   (4.76%) is water.

Cornwall's terrain is quite diverse, with considerable relief. It is shaped by the valleys of Moodna and Woodbury creeks, and includes estuarine salt marshes, heavily developed residential and commercial areas, rolling farms, and rocky, scrub-covered ridges and mountaintops. There are two major protected areas mostly within the town: Storm King State Park and the privately managed Black Rock Forest.

The most level section is in the northeast corner, east of the curve of US 9W, sloping gently to the river.  Here is located the village of Cornwall-on-Hudson, and the most developed section of the town proper, the area usually meant by Cornwall, just to the southwest of the village. The Town has equal frontage on the river south of the Village but is primarily State Park land and inaccessible due to a railroad throughway.  To its west lies another residential area, Firthcliffe, named for the carpet factory once located here along the banks of Moodna Creek. Much of the town's population is concentrated in the village and this area.  Across the river, on its eastern shore, Cornwall borders on the towns of Fishkill and Philipstown in Dutchess and Putnam counties respectively.

In its southern section, Cornwall on Hudson rises to the high area known as Deer Hill, a foothill to Storm King Mountain to its immediate south. South of Storm King the town's southeast boundary, with Highlands, leaves the river just north of Crow's Nest and runs through Storm King State Park, taking in most of Black Rock Forest. It turns more southerly, taking in the northwestern sliver of the United States Military Academy Reservation before reaching Cornwall's southernmost point, its tripoint with Highlands and the town and village of Woodbury.

This area of town is also mountainous and rugged, with the border descending along a northwesterly line to the narrow Woodbury Creek valley, where NY 32 and the New York State Thruway enter the town. At the valley's mouth, where Woodbury Creek drains into Moodna Creek, is the small hamlet of Mountainville, with its own fire district and ZIP Code. It gets its name from Schunemunk Mountain, where the town line climbs the northern end of Schunemunk, reaching the town's highest elevation at  at the tripoint with Woodbury and Blooming Grove.

Just past Schunemunk's western ridge, the town line reaches another corner and changes course to due north. This takes in the rural, rolling countryside between the mountain and Salisbury Mills, where Storm King Art Center is located and the Moodna Viaduct, the highest and longest railroad trestle east of the Mississippi River, spans the valley between Schunemunk and the Salisbury Mills–Cornwall station on the Metro-North Port Jervis Line. This trestle was shown in the 2007 film Michael Clayton and is a well-known landmark. NY 94 runs through this section of town.

The town's northeastern corner is another tripoint, with Blooming Grove and New Windsor, located in the middle of Beaverdam Lake. From there the New Windsor boundary runs east, trending slightly to the north, just south of the hamlet of Vails Gate back to the salt marshes where the Moodna drains into the Hudson.

Until 1953 the New York, Ontario and Western Railway operated passenger trains from the lower Catskills to Weehawken. In earlier decades the trains went to Oneida in Central New York State. Until 1958, New York Central Railroad trains carried passengers from Albany, through Cornwall to Weehawken Terminal. Cornwall was the junction point at which NYOW trains joined New York Central tracks to continue to Weehawken.

Communities and locations in Cornwall

 Beaver Dam Lake – a hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town. It is also in the towns of New Windsor and Blooming Grove.
 Beaverdam Lake – a lake partly inside the northwestern corner of the town. It is surrounded by the community of Beaver Dam Lake.
 Black Rock Forest – a forest containing trails and amenities and a biological field station and education center.
 Cornwall-on-Hudson– a village in the eastern part of the town.
 Firthcliffe – a hamlet west of Cornwall-on-Hudson on US-9W.
 Firthcliffe Heights – a hamlet near the northern town line.
 Meadowbrook – a hamlet near the town line, west of Cornwall-on-Hudson on NY-94.
 Mountainville – a hamlet located along NY 32 in the western part of town.
 New York Military Academy – a military preparatory school.
 Orrs Mill – a hamlet south of Firthcliffe.
 Salisbury Mills – a hamlet partially in the western portion of the town. The hamlet is also in the town of Blooming Grove.
 Storm King State Park – a state park by the Hudson River.
 West Cornwall – a hamlet south of Firthecliffe, by the NY State Thruway.
 Museum of the Hudson Highlands – a park and museum.
 Storm King Art Center – an art museum and outdoor sculpture park in Mountainville.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 12,307 people, 4,625 households, and 3,330 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 4,852 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 94.68% white, 1.32% African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.28% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.17% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.11% of the population.

There were 4,625 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $72,000 and the median income for a family was $87,195. Males had a median income of $52,813 versus $37,546 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,509. About 3.7% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people
 Suffrage, temperance, and peace activist Hannah Johnston Bailey was born in Cornwall in 1839.
 Olympic speed skater Bonnie Blair was born in Cornwall on March 18, 1964.
 Rob Cohen, motion picture director and producer, was born in Cornwall on March 12, 1949.
 David Petraeus, four-star general, graduated from Cornwall Central High School in 1970.
 Whit Stillman (born John Whitney Stillman in Washington, D.C., on January 25, 1952), an Academy Award–nominated American writer-director, grew up in Cornwall.
 Shea Farrell, actor and producer noted for playing Mark Danning in the television show Hotel created by Aaron Spelling.
 Nathaniel Parker Willis was an American author and editor who is associated with notable American writers including Harriet Ann Jacobs and Edgar Allan Poe. In 1846 Willis settled on an estate bordered to the north by Moodna Creek, naming his new home Idlewild. Because of failing health he spent the remainder of his life chiefly in retirement. The site of his property has since been used for housing, with Idlewild Avenue and Idlewild Park Drive, Cornwall-on-Hudson, commemorating his choice of name.
 Actor Armand Assante was raised in Cornwall, New York.
 Larry David and Richard Lewis first met each other at age 13 while at All America Camp in Cornwall-on-Hudson.

References

External links

 Town of Cornwall

New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown metropolitan area
1788 establishments in New York (state)
Towns in the New York metropolitan area
Towns in Orange County, New York
Towns in New York (state)

Cornwall, New York


Fireboat 08-448B is a fireboat which was to be stationed in Halifax, Nova Scotia,
that was the subject of a Transportation Safety Board of Canada investigation, after it capsized on September 17, 2008.

The fireboat is notable because,  as a result of the inquiry, changes were made to the regulations
governing all small craft in all of Canada.
The results of the inquiry were noted by transportation
safety organizations in other countries.

The vessel had been delivered to Halifax by the manufacturer, Harbor Guard Boats of Costa Mesa, California but remained the property of Harbor Guard Boats while completing testing and familiarization training.  On September 18, 2008 the vessel was completing the last of five half-day familiarization training excursions in Halifax Harbour.  On board were five Halifax firefighters, Costa Mesa's local sales representative, a trainer sent by Costa Mesa, and a local representative from the Canadian Coast Guard.

According to the Transportation Safety Board of Canada report, one of the firefighters inquired whether the vessel was proceeding with a load beyond its capacity, and was told, by the trainer, that the load would not be an issue.  According to the report, the trainer initially managed the controls.  Then one of the firefighters took the controls and, while executing a 180 degree turn
under the trainer's direction, experienced what he regarded as excessive heeling.  He relaxed power to the vessel's throttles, but was directed, by the trainer to instead give the throttles full power.  When he complied the vessel did not recover, but instead capsized.

All eight occupants were rescued by CCGS Sambro without serious injury.  Five of the occupants had been temporarily trapped in the pilot house, after the vessel capsized.

The report was critical of the design of the inner latches on the port and starboard doors to the pilot house.  It was determined that they could easily be inadvertently locked.  In addition it was determined that the finger recess was too small and that one door had actually been installed upside down.

The report was critical of other aspects of the vessel's design, including that the outlet of the bilge pump was too close to the water level, and was not protected by a valve to prevent outside water flooding the bilge.

The report noted that the vessel's controls were equipped with a dead man's lanyard, which would have cut the engine, when the pilot was no longer manning the controls.  The report noted that the cover to the inboard engine was not secured.

The report noted that the manual supplied with the vessel was designed for another vessel, that it said the recommended load should not be exceeded, but neglected to state what that maximum load was.

The report noted that the recommendations of the maximum number of occupants was based on assuming the average weight of the occupants would not exceed , but that the occupants average weight was actually .

References

Maritime incidents in 2008
Maritime incidents in Canada
History of Halifax, Nova Scotia
Fireboats of Canada

Capsizing of Halifax fireboat 08-448B


Margaret's Castle is a castle in Ardglass, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a  small Tower house probably built in the 15th century. Only two storeys still exist but there is evidence that it was at least three storeys high. It is vaulted above the ground floor with a rectangular tower with projecting turrets in the north west wall. The doorway between the turrets was protected by a murder-hole. A spiral stairway rises within the west turret.

The tower house known as Margaret's Castle is a Scheduled Historic Monument in the townland of Ardglass, in the Newry, Mourne and Down District Council area, at grid ref: J5603 3703.

Ardglass had at least six castles and remains of four of them can still be seen: Ardglass Castle, Cowd Castle, Margaret's Castle and Jordan's Castle.

See also
Castles in Northern Ireland

References

Castles in County Down
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland
Scheduled monuments in Northern Ireland
Ardglass

Margaret's Castle