Damien Leo Leith (born 18 January 1976, in Dublin) is an Irish-Australian singer–songwriter. He was the winner of the Network Ten music contest Australian Idol in 2006. Since winning the title, Leith has released nine studio albums, four of which peaked in the top two of the ARIA Charts, including two number ones. He has been awarded seven platinum and one gold certification for albums and singles by ARIA, which equates to sales of just over half a million.

Early life

As a teenager Leith formed a family band, "Leaf", with his sister Áine and brothers Paul and Darren. Leaf recorded in New York City and then again later under the new name "Releaf", which made an appearance in the Irish Top 100. After moving to Sydney, he played in a number of high-profile venues, as front-man for a band known as Revelate. His first Australian performance was at The Basement in Sydney's Circular Quay.

Before auditioning for Australian Idol, Leith worked in Sydney as a chemist with Pharmalab utilising the Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Chemistry he obtained from University College, Dublin and postgraduate experience within the Metallosupramolecular Research Group in the Chemistry Department of Trinity College, Dublin.

Australian Idol 2006

Only following determined coaxing by friends, Leith auditioned for the 4th series of Network Ten's Australian Idol along with some 25,000 other contestants. He was selected by the judges as one of the final 24 contestants, and was the first person voted into the competition's top 12 as the result of a nationwide viewer vote. He was praised by the show's judges for his falsetto technique, which he used regularly in performances. For the first time, Australian Idol 2006 permitted contestants to perform with instruments, and Leith accompanied himself on guitar for his renditions of Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game", Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah", Alex Lloyd's "Never Meant to Fail" and Ben Harper's "Waiting on an Angel", and on piano for his rendition of Split Enz's "Message to My Girl". Leith also played piano for the non-competition round "Up Close and Personal" night, when he performed his original song "Sky".

Despite adverse comments from judges Mark Holden and Kyle Sandilands in relation to Leith's appearance and a performance of Kool and the Gang's "Celebration" on the "Disco" theme night, which drew ridicule from Holden, the judges' assessments of Leith's performances were usually positive with Holden labelling him a 'darkhorse' early in the competition. His renditions of Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game", Roy Orbison's "Crying", Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah" and Puccini's "Nessun Dorma" each earned Leith a "Touchdown" from Mark Holden, Holden's ultimate accolade for an excellent performance.

Leith holds the record (with Australian Idol 2004 winner Casey Donovan) for being awarded the most touchdowns, at four apiece. Sandilands also stated that the family of Roy Orbison had contacted the Australian Idol producers requesting a copy of Leith's performance of "Crying". Although he was one of the most popular interviewees on Idol's behind-the-scenes show Idol Backstage, he was not expected by betting agencies to win the competition with Dean Geyer punted as the favourite to win throughout.

Leith is one of only few contestants to never land in the bottom 2 or bottom 3 throughout their series. During a live broadcast from the Sydney Opera House, Leith was announced the winner, over runner-up Jessica Mauboy. At age 30 at the time, Leith became the second oldest winner of any Idol series in the world. Controversy among viewers was created as Leith was not an Australian citizen at the time of winning the Australian Idol.

Australian Idol performances

Post-Idol career

2006: The Winner's Journey
Leith signed a recording contract with Sony BMG and his debut single, "Night of My Life", was released as a paid digital download from Bigpond Music soon after the conclusion of the grand finale, with an official CD release on 28 November, which included an original composition written and produced by Leith titled "Come to Me".

The single was certified "Gold" (35,000 copies sold) within 72 hours of its release. On 3 December 2006, the single debuted at number 1 and stayed in that position for 4 weeks, being accredited Platinum (70,000 copies shipped) in its first week of release. It was the fastest-selling debut single released during 2006, and also the most added song to radio. The video for "Night of My Life" debuted on national television on Saturday 9 December 2006. Set in the urban streets of Chippendale, New South Wales, the video was produced by Cutting Edge Productions.

Although with an official release date of 9 December, on 6 December 2006, Leith's CD/DVD pack entitled The Winner's Journey with all his Idol performances and two original tracks began appearing in non-ARIA accredited stores. The release debuted at number 3 with Platinum accreditation (70,000 copies shipped) on the ARIA Album Charts released on Sunday, 10 December 2006, and rose to number 1 on the following week, with 89,000 units sold and certified platinum four times (280,000 copies shipped). It sold a 2006 record of 101,206 units in the pre-Christmas week and continued to stay in the same position of number 1 for the next four weeks.

In late December 2006, Leith signed with Sony BMG Ireland and, on 18 January 2007, "Night of My Life" entered the Top 10 singles chart in Ireland. The next week it rose up two spots to the position of number 8. Leith performed in a nationally televised concert, Australia Day Live, on the eve of Australia Day in 2007, in the nation's capital, Canberra. He performed two songs, Peter Allen's "Tenterfield Saddler" with the Canberra Symphony Orchestra, and "Night of My Life".

In late February 2007, Leith embarked on a two-week, 14 show tour of major Australian East Coast cities. Labelled The Winner's Journey Tour, the concerts featured many of the songs performed by Leith during Australian Idol, as well as showcasing new original songs destined for his forthcoming studio album, including the folk/acoustic piece "Song for Jarvis", dedicated to his son, and "Beautiful", a band piece written by Leith during his trip to Ireland after winning Australian Idol. Supporting Leith on the tour was Sydney singer-songwriter and friend Mark Wilkinson.

On 22 February 2007, Leith was presented with two ARIA No. 1 Chart Awards for his first single "Night of My Life" and first album The Winner's Journey. These awards are presented to Australian artists whose singles and albums reach no. 1 on the ARIA national single and album charts over the thirteen months from December 2005 to December 2006.

In March 2007, Leith again performed "Night of My Life" and was nominated for "Spankin' New Artist" and "Best Male Artist" awards at the MTV Australia Video Music Awards 2007.

On 9 July 2007, Leith was nominated for a 2007 Helpmann Award in the category of Best Performance in an Australian Contemporary Concert (other nominees are David Campbell, Kylie Minogue and Olivia Newton-John). The annual Helpmann Awards recognise distinguished artistic achievement and excellence in the many disciplines of Australia's vibrant live performance sectors, including musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, dance and physical theatre. The Helpmann Awards, named in honour of Sir Robert Helpmann and to commemorate his memory and achievements, are similar to the Tony Awards on Broadway and the Olivier Awards in London. In early November 2007, Leith performed "22 Steps" on the TV soap opera Neighbours.

2007–2008: Where We Land
Leith's second single "22 Steps" was released to Australian radio on 22 June 2007 and then was in stores on 21 July, which debut and peaked at number 11 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The studio album Where We Land followed and was released on 18 August 2007. It debuted at number one on 27 August in the ARIA Albums Chart. This is his second number one album within seven months. Damien is also the first Australian Idol winner to score two consecutive number 1 albums. Leith had an appearance on Rove on 26 August 2007 and he performed live during the semi-finals of Australian Idol 2007 on 30 August. The second single from the album is "All I Want Is You", which he performed on 8 October verdict show on Australian Idol 2007.

Leith embarked on a national Where We Land tour around Australia, performing his own material from the album, which began in November. The original schedule of the tour only included venues located along the east coast, but it was announced on 28 September that the tour will be extended to include Adelaide and Perth.

During February 2007, Leith signed a book deal with Australian publishers, HarperCollins. His first novel, written three years before entering Australian Idol, has been described by Leith as a psychological thriller set in Nepal. The novel, One More Time, was released on 1 October 2007.

In October 2007, Leith was nominated for three Australian ARIA Music Awards including; Best Breakthrough Single and Highest Selling Single for "Night of My Life", which he was unsuccessful in. He was also nominated for Highest Selling Album for The Winner's Journey, which he won.

In February 2008, Damien began hosting Network Ten's television series Saving Kids. It was filmed at Sydney Children's Hospital, allowing viewers to see medical miracles unfolding in the stories of children being treated for serious illnesses and horrific injuries. His song "Not Just for the Weekend" from his debut studio album served as the theme song and was released as a promotional single to promote the show.

2008: Catch the Wind
On 26 April 2008, less than a year after the release of his first studio album, Where We Land, Leith released his second album, Catch the Wind: Songs of a Generation. The album contained his own interpretations of classic folk songs.

The album debut in the ARIA Albums Chart at number 3 on 4 May and rose to its peak at number 2 the next week held off the top spot by André Rieu and Mirusia's Waltzing Matilda. It was certified Gold in its third week. Leith performed a series of live shows across Australia for his Catch the Wind tour which began in May and ran until late July. The tour was up-close and personal set in small venues with only two other band members.

2009: Remember June
Leith's third studio album, Remember June, was released in Australia on 9 October. It debuted at number 25 and spent two weeks in the ARIA Top 50 Albums Chart, and 3 weeks in the ARIA Top 20 Australian Artist Albums Chart. The first single from the album, "To Get to You", went to radio on 14 September, and was released 25 September. The second single "Forgive Forget" was released in April 2010. It reached No. 65 on the ARIA Singles Chart, No. 1 on the ARIA Physical Singles Chart, and No. 13 on the Australian Artists Single Chart.
He has also released his second novel which has a father and son relationship plot, and was released by HarperCollins. The book is also called Remember June. His first novel, "One More Time" was published in 2007.

2011: Roy
In an interview with Australian magazine New Idea, Damien mentioned he had recorded his fourth studio album in the United States. It was released on 15 April 2011. It is an album of Roy Orbison covers, entitled Roy, and was released to coincide with what would have been Orbison's 75th birthday. This album was produced by Barbara Orbison, Roy's widow, who died on 6 December 2011, aged 61. The album peaked at number 2, and spent 25 non-consecutive weeks on the ARIA Top 50 Albums Chart and gained platinum certification.

2012–2014: Now & Then and Chapter Seven
On Friday, 20 April 2012, Damien's fifth studio album Now & Then was released. It debuted at number 14 and peaked at number 12 on the ARIA Charts, and spent four weeks in the top 50. Two singles, "Beautiful" and "Run", were released. Neither single impacted on the ARIA Charts. "Beautiful" was featured in an Estee Lauder TV commercial airing on various networks in the United States in late 2012.

On 1 November 2013, Damien's released a new album called Chapter Seven. It was preceded by single "Without a Fight", which was released on 13 September. Chapter Seven spent one week in the ARIA Top 100, peaking at number 57. Its three singles, "Without a Fight", "Halfway Heart" and "You and I" did not chart.

In May 2014, Leith released a new single titled "One and Only Mum".

In August 2014, Leith released a triple A-sided single of "Last Goodbye"/"Fields of Gold"/"Girl Back on Blue Bayou" via Leithal Enterprises with Joe Melson.

In November 2014, Leith released a Christmas extended play titled It's Christmas Time. It featured the traditional Christmas carols "Silent Night", "Jingle Bells", "It's Christmas Time", "Auld Lang Syne" and "Deck the Halls".

2015-2017: Songs from Ireland
In February 2015, Leith announced his eighth album titled Songs from Ireland. The release reunites him with Sony Music Australia as he covers classic Irish songs including "Molly Malone", "Galway Girl" and "Wild Colonial Boy" and was released in March.

In 2016, Leith will travel Australia with the "Winner's Journey: 10th Anniversary Tour". Leith said; "It is hard to believe that it has been 10 years since I first stepped onto the 'Australian Idol stage'. One thing is for certain, I wouldn't be doing what I am today without all the amazing support from fans over the years. From my albums, to my books and concerts, you've been there all the way and I can't thank you all enough."

In January 2017, Leith won his first Golden Guitar award at the Country Music Awards of Australia winning Song of the Year for "Call Me Cray" which he co-wrote with Travis Collins. In 2017, Leith toured the 'Roy – A Tribute to Roy Orbison' show across Australia.

2018: Damien Leith Storytime and Gospel
In 2018 Leith commenced a new project called 'Damien Leith Storytime' and features bedtime stories for kids. He released an EP in February. In August, Leith released his ninth studio album, Gospel; an album inspired by Elvis Presley.

As of late August 2018, Leith joined Muswellbrook-based radio station 98.1 Power FM as a breakfast announcer.

In 2020, Leith performed "Uninvited" with Greg Gould from Gould's album 1998.

Personal life
He was born in Ireland and raised near Milltown, County Kildare. His father travelled as part of his work as an engineer, and their family lived in various countries including Libya and Botswana.

Leith later on emigrated to Australia where he married Eileen Stapleton, an Australian. They have two sons and a daughter. Leith became an Australian citizen on 25 January 2007, taking the pledge from then Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, in a nationally televised broadcast on Network Ten. He currently lives in Wollongong, New South Wales and works as a radio announcer.

Discography

Live and Studio albums
 The Winner's Journey (2006)
 Where We Land (2007)
 Catch the Wind: Songs of a Generation (2008)
 Remember June (2009)
 Roy: A Tribute to Roy Orbison (2011)
 Now & Then (2012)
 Chapter Seven (2013)
 Songs from Ireland (2015)
 Gospel (2018)
 Two of Us: The Songs of Lennon & McCartney (2020) (with Darren Coggan)
 Treasured Favourites (2020)
 Roy Orbison Orchestrated (2023)

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music

!
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2007
|rowspan="2"| "Night of My Life"
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Single
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|rowspan="3"|
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| ARIA Award for Highest Selling Single
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| The Winner's Journey
| ARIA Award for Highest Selling Album
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|-
| 2011
| Roy
| ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album
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|-

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards is an awards show, celebrating live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia since 2001. Note: 2020 and 2021 were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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|-
|rowspan="2"| 2007
|rowspan="2"|  The Winner's Journey - Live
| Best Australian Contemporary Concert
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|rowspan="2"|
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| Best Performance in an Australian Contemporary Concert
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MTV Australia Awards
The annual MTV Australia Awards were awards issued MTV Australia from 2005 to 2009.

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|rowspan="2"| 2007
|rowspan="2"| "Night of My Life"
| Best Male Artist
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|rowspan="2"|
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| Spankin' New Artist
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|-

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
21st-century Australian singers
ARIA Award winners
Australian Idol winners
Irish novelists
21st-century Irish chemists
Irish emigrants to Australia
Irish male singers
Musicians from County Kildare
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Sony BMG artists
Television presenters from the Republic of Ireland
19 Recordings artists
Irish male novelists
21st-century Irish singers
21st-century Australian male singers

Damien Leith


John Sharp (9 November 1820 – 23 December 1891) was a 19th-century leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Utah Territory. Sharp was the LDS Church's representative in negotiations regarding the construction of the First transcontinental railroad through Utah Territory. He represented the LDS Church and its president, Brigham Young, at the driving of the final golden spike of the railroad on 10 May 1869 at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory.

Sharp was born in Clackmannan, Scotland. He began working in a coal mine at age eight. Sharp converted to Mormonism in 1847 and in 1850 he immigrated to Utah Territory. Sharp was the head of a company of Mormon pioneers, and after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley on 28 August 1850, he settled in Salt Lake City. He became involved in the hauling of rocks in the construction of the Salt Lake Temple. In 1856, Sharp became the first bishop of the Salt Lake Twentieth Ward. When he became a bishop, Sharp was also made a member of the LDS Church's Council of Fifty, and an assistant trustee-in-trust of the church.

Brigham Young appointed Sharp as his personal representative and as a representative of the LDS Church in transcontinental railroad construction negotiations with the Union Pacific Railroad. After the railroad was completed in 1869, Sharp became an officer for the Utah Central Railroad and the Utah Southern Railroad. He also became a director for the Union Pacific Railroad, Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution, Deseret Telegraph Company, and Deseret National Bank.

Sharp was also involved in politics and was a city councilor in Salt Lake City and was the territorial chairman of the People's Party, a party backed by the LDS Church to counter the non-Mormon Liberal Party.

Sharp practiced plural marriage; in 1885, he was prosecuted for unlawful cohabitation under the Edmunds Act. Sharp initially pleaded not guilty, but withdrew his plea and pleaded guilty to the charge. He was fined $300 and court costs. As a result of pleading guilty, rather than plead not guilty as other LDS Church leaders had done, Sharp was asked by the stake high council and the First Presidency to resign as bishop of the Salt Lake Twentieth Ward, which he did on 3 November 1885. The New York Times criticized the church's removal of Sharp and suggested that it "reveals again the stubborn character of the Mormons' opposition to the law".

Sharp died in Salt Lake City of intestinal cancer. His son James Sharp was the mayor of Salt Lake City and succeeded in his position as director of Union Pacific Railroad. Sharp is also the great-great-grandfather of writer Anne Fadiman.

Notes

References

1820 births
1891 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
American people convicted of bigamy
British Latter Day Saints
Converts to Mormonism
Deaths from cancer in Utah
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Latter Day Saints from Utah
People convicted of cohabitation
People from Clackmannanshire
People's Party (Utah) politicians
Politicians from Salt Lake City
Scottish Latter Day Saints
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Scottish leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Union Pacific Railroad people
Utah politicians convicted of crimes

John Sharp (Mormon)


Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars is a 2007 science fiction real-time strategy video game developed and published by Electronic Arts for Windows, Mac OS X and Xbox 360 platforms, and released internationally in March 2007. The game is a direct sequel to the 1999 game Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun, and takes place roughly seventeen years after the game's expansion pack Firestorm, in which Tiberium has grown to become a considerable threat to the planet, leading to the world's political borders and territories being remade into zones denoting the level of contamination by the alien substance. The game's story sees the Global Defense Initiative and the Brotherhood of Nod engage in a new global conflict, this time as major superpowers, only for the war to attract the attention of a new extraterrestrial faction known as the Scrin, which attacks both sides while harvesting Tiberium for its own purpose.

The game brought about several changes in gameplay, some introduced in Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2, including garrisonable structures, neutral tech buildings, unit upgrades and veteran levels, and special powers unique for each playable faction. Other modes include a skirmish battle mode and multiplayer games. The game received favorable reviews, and proved a commercial success following its launch, with a stand-alone expansion pack released a year later on March 24, 2008, titled Command & Conquer 3: Kane's Wrath.

Gameplay
Command & Conquer 3 features returning aspects of gameplay from the previous series. The player oversees the action, ordering multiple units to move and attack targets. The construction yard, a movable base, is the central platform from which the player constructs other structures. Certain structures can then produce units and resources are needed in order to fund the continuous building of structures and units. Typically the player's primary goal is to defeat an enemy by assaulting and destroying their base, while defending their own.

A supporting structure, a crane, can be constructed which can also construct structures. Thus, when multiple production structures of the same type, such as cranes and barracks, are built, the player is given more queues from which to train and produce units and structures. Though these simultaneously save time, funds are deducted for the extra cost as well; careful management of production, training units and funds are key to strategy. When a structure is built, the player can select anywhere near an existing structure to place it, gaining more territorial control.

Tiberium is the sole resource and is usually gathered from fields of Tiberium crystals scattered around the map. The crystals are gathered by harvester vehicles which unload their cargo into refineries, supplying the player with credits which are then automatically  used when training units and building structures. Certain maps also feature Tiberium spikes, which, when captured by the faction's engineer unit, allocate a certain number of funds per second. Other neutral structures, such as an EMP weapon, are also present on maps to be captured. Base defense is provided by specialized defensive towers which are placed within a structure's territory.

All three factions have structures and units with similar functions at their disposal. However, they are adjusted to fit each faction's theme and have somewhat varying properties. Units can be classified into infantry, vehicles and aircraft, each with their own specialities. Unit effectiveness against opponents follows the rock-paper-scissors principle found in most real-time strategy games. Virtually every type of structure in the game acts as a tech tree and additional units, structures and faction-specific abilities will become available to research and create as new structures are built. Production and construction may become temporarily blocked if the required structures are destroyed, or if they are not provided with adequate power by the supporting "power plant" structures. A highly destructive superweapon for each faction can also be constructed and used after a certain timer expires. Once used, the timer must expire again before the superweapon can be activated for an additional time.

There are three factions playable in the game. The Global Defense Initiative fights with conventional modern weapons and tactics, utilizing both technologically advanced armor and firepower, making them typically more destructive in open confrontations, but more cumbersome. GDI's special weapon is the Ion Cannon, an orbital laser-guided energy strike. The Brotherhood of Nod features flexible guerrilla warfare forces, using stealth and Tiberium-based weaponry, though they are typically weaker. Like in the original Command & Conquer, their superweapon is a Nuclear Missile. The third faction, the alien Scrin, features units and structures that are Tiberium based, including the ability to promote the growth of the substance and to store infinite amounts of it. The Scrin are immune to the radioactive effects of Tiberium but vulnerable to anti-Tiberium weapons. Their superweapon is the "Rift Generator", which creates a wormhole that pulls in nearby units.

Single-player
The story driven single-player mode of Command & Conquer 3 consists of 38 missions, spread over three campaigns (17 GDI missions, 17 Brotherhood of Nod missions, and 4 Scrin missions). Each campaign depicts the view of its respective faction on the globalized "Third Tiberium War", with the portrayed story being furthered by full motion video cutscenes which play in between each of the individual campaign missions.  Players can select to start with either the Global Defense Initiative or the Brotherhood of Nod campaign. Both campaigns of the traditional two factions are required to be completed before the bonus campaign of the new third Scrin faction is unlocked and becomes playable.

Each campaign mission features main objectives, the completion of which will instantly end the mission successfully. Several optional bonus objectives are also available to be completed. Completing optional objectives usually gives the player a tactical advantage in order to complete the main objectives or provides reinforcements or supplies upon completion. All campaign missions can separately be given a difficulty rating on the "theater" screen before they are started; the available difficulty settings range from "Easy" to "Normal" to "Hard". As the player progresses through one of the campaigns, new entries in the game's "Intelligence Database" become unlocked, providing the player with additional background information on the storyline, the factions, as well as their units and structures. Several of these database entries require the player to complete the bonus objectives of the various missions before they can be accessed. When a player completes a mission, they are awarded a medal on the campaign screen, which progresses to gold if completed on the hardest difficulty. Two extra ribbon decorations are also attained on the medal if the player completes the bonus objectives and finds the intelligence. All cutscenes which the player has unlocked by progressing through the campaigns are made available for viewing at any time within the game's menu.

The skirmish mode in Tiberium Wars is essentially the game's arena or sandbox mode, where the player chooses teams and factions to battle against until the enemy's base is destroyed. Numerous AI settings embody a type – or a combination of types – of classic RTS strategies, such as "turtler", "rusher" and "steamroller". These behavioral settings can additionally be given a difficulty rating ranging from "Easy" to "Medium" to "Hard" to "Brutal", along with "handicap" settings that can be applied to either the AI, the player, or both. Whenever a skirmish mission is successfully completed, a star is placed next to the map in the skirmish menu, showing that the player has won the skirmish on a certain difficulty level.

Multiplayer
Command and Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars supports multiplayer games over LAN, and online play, originally over GameSpy servers. After the shutdown of GameSpy in 2014, community-based alternatives were developed.

Players can participate in "1v1", "2v2", and clan-based "1v1" and "2v2" ladders – each using separate Elo rating systems – or they can elect to play unranked. Broadband-based multiplayer features VoIP support.

BattleCast
Electronic Arts was making an attempt through Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars to market "RTS as a sport", through a project entitled "BattleCast". A service centered on the game's official website, "BattleCast" is designed to allow for players to schedule upcoming games with others, to spectate in games that are being played, and to serve as a centralized replay archive of matches. "BattleCast" additionally allows for players to function as commentators in a game, providing a running description of the match as it unfolds. Commentators can talk to other observers of a game through "BattleCast", and use a Paint-style brush to draw onto the screen.

A free "BattleCast Viewer" is available for download from the official C&C website. This viewer will allow for people who do not own the game to watch others playing. Player may also download custom maps.

Plot

Setting
Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars takes place within an alternate timeline, in which an alien substance called Tiberium lands on Earth in the 1990s and begins terra-forming the planet's ecology and landscape. Although the substance creates crystals containing precious metals leeched from the surrounding soils, the process also transforms all plant life into alien fauna that produces fatally toxic gas. By the 2040s, the planet's ecological state has reached a critical level, making a number of locations uninhabitable for humans, and generating often violent ion storms that have left several major cities erecting storm barriers to counter these. Since its arrival, Tiberium has become of interest to two factions – the Global Defense Initiative (GDI), who seek to combat the spread and eradicate its presence; and the Brotherhood of Nod, who believes the substance heralds the next step of evolution for humanity, based on the prophecies and lessons by its enigmatic leader Kane.

By the mid-2040s, all countries in the world cease to maintain political presence, either from social and economic collapse, or from passing on political power to GDI. As a result, while country boundaries are still retained, the world is remapped into three different geographical zones based on the levels of Tiberium contamination – Red Zones denote areas too toxic for human habitation, and consist of high concentrations of Tiberium; Yellow Zones denote considerable contamination, house most of the world's population, and is primarily controlled by Nod; Blue Zones denote low to minimal contamination, and house the last remnants of civilised life that is protected by GDI. Both GDI and Nod, as a result, slowly have evolved into the world's major superpowers, and retain constant distrust of the other.

The game's story takes place in 2047, when Kane, having been presumed dead after the Second Tiberium War, returns and leads Nod into attacking Blue Zones after bringing down GDI's orbital command station, the GDSS Philadelphia, forcing GDI to engage them in return, and triggering the Third Tiberium War. When the conflict reaches a dramatic event from a liquid Tiberium explosion, an extraterrestrial faction called the "Scrin" suddenly invades the planet, and comes into conflict with both factions. The events of the campaigns for GDI, Nod, and the Scrin, are closely interwoven together in the same timeline, as with the Firestorm expansion pack for Tiberian Sun. The GDI campaign ending differs from the Nod and Scrin campaign endings.

Campaigns
After driving the invading Brotherhood of Nod forces out of a number of the world's Blue Zones, GDI's General Granger (Michael Ironside), acting on intelligence gathered from Nod prisoners of war, begins to fear that the Brotherhood may be preparing to use WMDs and orders a pre-emptive strike on a Nod chemical weapons facility near Cairo, Egypt. Once there, GDI discovers that Nod was not only preparing to deploy their full nuclear arsenal on them, but that they were also in the process of manufacturing a liquid Tiberium bomb of unprecedented destructive power. The swiftness of GDI's response prevents a pending nuclear strike from Nod. In the GDI campaign, this prevents Nod's construction of a liquid Tiberium bomb; in the Nod campaign, Kane continues the construction of the liquid Tiberium device unabated within "Temple Prime" in Sarajevo.

Temple Prime subsequently comes under siege by GDI forces. General Granger plans to lay siege to the site until Kane and his Inner Circle would surrender, but Director Redmond Boyle (Billy Dee Williams) orders the use of the ion cannon upon Temple Prime to eliminate Kane's threat "once and for all". When the Ion Cannon is fired over Granger's strenuous objections, it detonates either the liquid Tiberium bomb inside the temple (Nod campaign) or nearby naturally occurring liquid Tiberium deposits (GDI campaign), creating a cataclysmic explosion that reaches out into space and kills millions of people in Eastern Europe's Yellow Zones. Kane and his Inner Circle are believed to be among the casualties.

Shortly after these disastrous events, GDI's deep space surveillance network suddenly begins to detect multiple large unidentified objects rapidly closing in on Earth. Director Boyle orders the Ion Cannon network to be turned against the vessels, several of which are destroyed but several more of which reach Earth. The alien forces, known only as the Scrin, begin construction of several "Threshold" towers where Tiberium is most concentrated, while launching massive assaults on all major cities across the globe. GDI realizes these attacks are meant to divert their attention away from the construction of massive tower structures in the world's Red Zones.

Nod's remaining commanders briefly agree to a cease-fire with the GDI in order to fight the Scrin. This cease-fire ends with the reappearance of Kane, who somehow escaped alive. He reveals to the Nod player commander that he never had any intention of winning the war with GDI, and instead started it in order to provoke the Ion Cannon attack on Temple Prime. It was the only thing that could detonate his liquid Tiberium bomb with sufficient power to lure the Scrin to Earth. It was the Scrin who seeded the Tiberium on Earth, and they took the Tiberium explosion as a sign the planet was ripe for harvesting. Kane hopes to seize one of the Threshold towers the Scrin are building, which are interstellar teleportation devices they use to ship Tiberium off-world, but which he believes are gateways to humanity's "ascension". This triggers a civil war within the Brotherhood, between those who are loyal to Kane, believe in his promise of ascension, and want to protect the Scrin; and those who recognize the threat that the Scrin pose to all of humanity, believe Kane must be overthrown if the Brotherhood is to survive, and wish to preserve the alliance with GDI. Ultimately, Kane's faction wins and the suspected leader of the anti-Scrin faction is executed.

The Scrin, for their part, realize they were tricked into coming too early. They also did not anticipate such heavy resistance from the humans. Curiously, they recognize Kane from their databanks, and seek to learn more about him. However, the organized attacks on the towers endangers the Scrin player commander's safety, forcing them to focus on protecting and completing at least one tower to allow their escape.

GDI succeeds in destroying all but one of the towers, Threshold 19 in southern Italy. From there, the story diverges depending on which campaign the player is playing. In the GDI and Nod campaigns, the Brotherhood actively protects Threshold 19 from attack by GDI forces; in the Scrin campaign, the Brotherhood is not present at Threshold 19, and the Scrin must protect the tower from GDI themselves. In all three campaigns, the Scrin are able to finish the tower's construction. With the tower completed, it becomes invulnerable to all forms of damage. In the Nod and Scrin campaigns, the remaining Scrin forces – decimated by the humans' counterattack – use the tower to escape to their home planet, while the Brotherhood of Nod gains access to it using stolen Scrin codes and uses it to "ascend", in Kane's words. The Scrin homeworld begins preparing a full invasion force. In the GDI campaign, a control node in the former Tiber riverbed is destroyed, resulting in the total annihilation of the remnants of the Scrin harvesting operation, rendering Threshold 19 completely inert, and preventing the Brotherhood's ascension. The GDI campaign can also result in one of two different victory movies depending on whether the player uses GDI's own liquid Tiberium bomb; if it is used, then it results in another Tiberium explosion similar to the one at Temple Prime, with 25 million casualties, the resignation of General Granger, and the promotion of the player character to Granger's former position; otherwise, it results in the resignation of Director Boyle to avoid being charged with attempting war crimes.

Retconning of Tiberium and Scrin from previous games
In the first Command & Conquer game, Tiberium was a mineral with a fairly ordinary composition: 42.5% phosphor, 32.5% iron, 15.25% calcium, 5.75% copper, 2.5% silica, and only 1.5% unknown substances. It grew by leeching these minerals from the soil via plantlike roots. In Tiberium Wars, it was retconned into a "dynamic proton lattice held together by exotic heavy particles", and grows as a result of these heavy particles colliding with the nuclei of nearby atoms, breaking them up and allowing the released protons to be captured by the lattice.

Also in the first Command & Conquer, Tiberium had already begun mutating earth's flora and fauna. Trees could be mutated into "blossom trees" that occasionally released clouds of small Tiberium crystals, and infantry that died from walking through a Tiberium field had a chance to spawn a hostile "visceroid" creature. By Tiberian Sun, and particularly Firestorm, an entire Tiberium-based ecosystem had emerged, with Tiberium veinhole monsters, Tiberian Fiends (large dog-like creatures that could launch Tiberium shards as weapons), Tiberium "floaters" (jellyfish-like creatures with electrical attacks), and other creatures; bodies of water were often covered with a sort of Tiberium-based pond scum, and numerous unnamed types of mutated trees dotted the landscape. Tiberium Wars ignores or denies the existence of such an ecosystem, and instead simply portrays the most contaminated regions on Earth as being completely devoid of life.

By Tiberian Sun, several Scrin ships had already been to Earth. One of them is directly featured in the game's campaign, and the Brotherhood of Nod is able to extract some technology from it before GDI seizes control of the crash site and destroys all Nod forces in the region, but Nod's Banshee fighters had already been developed using technology that had been reverse-engineered from previously captured Scrin ships. Tiberium Wars, by contrast, portrays the Scrin as being completely unaware of Earth, its inhabitants, or its level of Tiberium contamination prior to the catastrophic Tiberium explosion in Sarajevo.

Development
A sequel to Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun had been expected since the game's release in 1999. Work on such a sequel was believed to have been started at Westwood Studios in 2001, but Electronic Arts decided to shift the focus of the would-be successor to Tiberian Sun from a science fiction theme to a modern theme based on contemporary conflicts, the result being the title of Command & Conquer: Generals and other SAGE engine based games.  Developers still retained the Command & Conquer 3 idea (tentatively named 'Incursion'), intending it to be an update of the original C&C game in terms of gameplay and setting. Just prior to the release of Generals however, EA announced that Westwood Studios (Las Vegas) would be closing and would be consolidated into EA Los Angeles. This merger split the original Westwood team, with some of its members not being willing to relocate and quitting to form the company Petroglyph Games, with the remainder moving to Los Angeles to work at the newly consolidated studio. With this, the development of Command & Conquer 3 was effectively put on hold.

In 2004, old concept art from Westwood Studios was made public under the name "Command & Conquer 3". The artwork showed a "mech" unit, a full 3D RTS gameplay environment similar to that used in the title Generals, and the original interface system from both the original Command & Conquer game and its sequel of Tiberian Sun. The unveiling of this artwork fueled speculation that Electronic Arts had begun work on a Command & Conquer game. In December 2004, after the EA Los Angeles team settled down, then executive producer and Command & Conquer lead Mark Skaggs announced in a mass e-mail that this next Command & Conquer game would be Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, and not the awaited sequel to Tiberian Sun. Shortly thereafter, Mark Skaggs left EA for unspecified reasons and ideas for the Red Alert 3 title were mothballed. Mike Verdu later became the new lead on the Command & Conquer series. On April 18, 2006, Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars was prematurely announced, then few days later the official press release was made, and EA Los Angeles would begin to host several fan summits for previews, feedback and discussions on the new title.

Tiberium Wars was released in three separate editions; the pre-order edition, the standard edition (box art featured at the article header) and the Kane Edition, which constitutes a special collector's edition with various extras and a bonus DVD featuring exclusive content. Tiberium Wars was given a suggested retail price of US$49.99, while the C&C 3: Kane Edition was available at "select retailers" with a suggested retail price of US$59.99 in the USA. It is also sold in the Command and Conquer: Saga bundle pack, along with Command & Conquer: The First Decade.

The game was additionally released for the Xbox 360 in May 2007, Support for the Xbox Live Vision Camera is included.

The official map editor for Command and Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars was released on April 20, 2007.

A modified version of the SAGE engine is used to run Command & Conquer 3'''s graphics. SAGE technology had been used in the RTS series Generals and The Battle For Middle-Earth games, and the engine's features subsequently are present in C&C 3.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack for Tiberium Wars was composed by Steve Jablonsky and Trevor Morris.  Frank Klepacki – the composer of all the previous C&C installments with the exception of Command & Conquer: Generals – was contacted by Electronic Arts to compose the soundtrack for Tiberium Wars, but turned the offer down to focus on his career at Petroglyph Games. The titles of some songs show references to Command & Conquer: Renegade. Music is itself futuristic and is reflected in military and desert themes.

Casting
Joseph D. Kucan reprises his role as Kane, the leader of the Brotherhood of Nod. Tiberium Wars also features Tricia Helfer as Nod General Kilian Qatar, Josh Holloway as Nod Intelligence Officer Ajay, Michael Ironside as GDI General Jack Granger, Jennifer Morrison as GDI Intelligence Officer Kirce James, Grace Park as Lt. Sandra Telfair, and Billy Dee Williams as GDI Director Redmond Boyle.
The cutscenes of Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars were directed by EA in-house cinematic director Richard Taylor.

Expansion pack

In August 2007, the Electronic Arts team for Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars launched an online television-style broadcast under the title of "BattleCast Primetime", which was meant to periodically provide C&C fans with information and news on future Tiberium Wars-related developments, expansion packs and patches. During "BattleCast Primetime"'s pilot episode, the expansion pack to Tiberium Wars, entitled Kane's Wrath, was officially announced.

Reception
ReviewsPC Gamer U.S. gave the game its "Editor's Choice" rating at 90%, stating that "one of the greatest RTS franchises of all time returns to glory", while PC Gamer Sweden and UK gave it a more reserved rating of 81% and 82% respectively, stating that it was "a welcome, but limited, return". GameSpot gave the game a 9.0 out of 10 and the "Editor's Choice", referring to Tiberium Wars as "one of the finest real-time strategy games in years". IGN labelled the game as "great", rating it at 8.5/10. GamePro gave Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars its "Editor's Choice" rating at 4.5 out of 5, designating it as "Game of the Month" in its June 2007 issue. UK magazine PCFormat gave the game an 81% rating and praised the "greased eel-slick presentation and explosive, ripping action" which makes Command and Conquer the "distillation of what RTS is all about", but it also criticised the lack of innovation present. Finnish game magazines Pelit and MikroBitti gave it 89/100 and 4/5, respectively. MikroBitti applauded the game's appearance and sounds, but criticised it for lack of loyalty to the early Command & Conquer game mechanics. UK magazine Edge gave the game a rating of 7. Due to the intentionally faithful recreation of the original Command and Conquer experience, the magazine felt that the game's strategic formula was too dated in comparison to more strategic titles available in the real-time strategy market.

SalesCommand & Conquer 3 sold 128,000 units in the week after its release, and one million units were reported as sold by May 31, 2007. Its computer version received a "Gold" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

 Awards
The Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences (AIAS) gave Command & Conquer 3'' the Strategy/Simulation Game of the Year Award for 2008.

Notes

References

External links
 Official website via Internet Archive

2007 video games
Tiberium Wars
Electronic Arts games
MacOS games
Real-time strategy video games
SAGE (game engine) games
Science fiction video games
Video game sequels
Video games with expansion packs
Video games scored by Steve Jablonsky
Video games scored by Trevor Morris
Video games set in the 2040s
Video games set in Albania
Video games set in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Video games set in Brazil
Video games set in Croatia
Video games set in Egypt
Video games set in England
Video games set in Germany
Video games set in Italy
Video games set in Slovenia
Video games set in the United States
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
J2ME games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Esports games
Video games developed in the United States

Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars


Nybro (, outdatedly ) is a city and the seat of Nybro Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 13,583
inhabitants in 2020.

Overview

Nybro was founded as a rest area for travellers on the road between Växjö in the west and Kalmar in the east. In the 18th century a new bridge was built where the road crossed a stream and it was hence called Nybron, The New Bridge. A small tavern called Lortkrogen (literally the Filth Tavern) opened there. The market town was founded in the 19th century, but it rapidly transformed into an industrial town. In 1865 the town became a municipality separately from Madesjö. It was granted city rights in 1932.

Nybro is surrounded by forests and small agricultural enclaves. Kährs is a manufacturer of wooden floors and the largest employer in the city. But the two glassworks factories (Nybro and Pukeberg) are more known, because they also serve as tourist attraction. Nybro calls itself "The city within the Kingdom of Crystal", the latter being a region with 15 active glassworks including Kosta, Boda and Orrefors.

Nybro is also the home of Nybro Vikings IF, a professional ice hockey team currently in the third highest league of Sweden, Hockeyettan. The club has however been playing in the second league, Hockeyallsvenskan, for many years as well, and had two years in the highest league back in the 60's. The ice hockey stadium in Nybro is the fourth oldest in the whole of Sweden.

The coat of arms was created when city rights were given to Nybro in 1932. The background is golden and the coat of arms depicts a red bridge in the lower part and a pair of black crossbows in the upper. The coat of arms of the neighbouring locality Emmaboda also depicts crossbows. The symbol can be traced back to coats of arms of the province of Småland and the hundred of Södra Möre but its origin is unknown. The local folk-hero and insurgent Nils Dacke is however sometimes depicted with the weapon.

References

External links

Populated places in Kalmar County
Populated places in Nybro Municipality
Municipal seats of Kalmar County
Swedish municipal seats
Market towns in Sweden

Nybro


Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames "Putt-Putt", "The Tilden Flash", and "Whitey" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American professional baseball player and television sports commentator. He played in Major League Baseball as a center fielder from 1948 to 1962, most prominently as a member of the Philadelphia Phillies where, he was a four-time All-Star player, and was a member of the 1950 National League pennant winning team known as the Whiz Kids.

Ashburn was a two-time National League (NL) batting champion and finished with a .308 career batting average. He also excelled as a defensive player, routinely leading the league in putouts. His 5,803 career putouts ranks third among center fielders in Major League Baseball history behind only Willie Mays and Tris Speaker. He ended his playing career with the Chicago Cubs and the New York Mets.

Following his playing career, from 1963 until his death in 1997, Ashburn was a color commentator for television broadcasts of Philadelphia Phillies games, and developed into one of the most beloved sports figures in Philadelphia sports history. In 1995, following a lengthy fan-led effort for his inclusion, Ashburn was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1997, he was inducted into The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame and, he was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.

Career

Early baseball career
Ashburn was born in Tilden, Nebraska. Along with his twin sister, Donna, he was the youngest of four children. He began playing baseball in 1935 in the Tilden Midget Baseball League when he was eight-years-old. He played as a catcher because his father advised him that it would be the fastest route to becoming a major league player.

Ashburn played baseball and basketball for Tilden High School then graduated to American Legion Baseball with the Neligh Junior Legion team while continuing to play as a catcher. At the 1944 American Legion Junior Baseball East/West All-Star game at the Polo Grounds, Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack advised him to play another position due to his remarkable running speed.

Ashburn signed a contract with the Cleveland Indians in 1943 at the age of 16, but Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis voided the contract because the rules then prohibited the signing of players who were still attending high school. He then signed a contract with the Chicago Cubs to play for their Nashville farm team in 1944, but Landis nullified the Cubs contract because of an illegal clause that would have paid Ashburn if the Nashville franchise was sold while he was playing there. After the two contracts were nullified, Ashburn decided to enroll at Norfolk Junior College however, after one semester he would sign a contract with the Philadelphia Phillies.

At the age of eighteen, Ashburn made his professional baseball debut with the Utica Blue Sox of the Eastern League in 1945 and it was there that his manager, Eddie Sawyer, converted him into a center fielder to take advantage of his impressive running speed. During his time with the Utica Blue Sox, his teammates began calling him Whitey because of his light blond hair, and the nickname stayed with him for the rest of his life.

Ashburn was drafted by the United States Army early in the 1945 season however, he was allowed to finish the season, in which the Blue Sox won the Eastern League pennant while Ashburn led the team with a .312 batting average. He served with the Army in Alaska in 1946 then returned to the Blue Sox in 1947, where his team once again won the Eastern League championship. Ashburn finished second in the Eastern League batting championship with a .362 batting average, and had 191 hits in 137 games, setting a league record for the most hits in a season. After the 1947 season he returned to Norfolk Junior College for a second semester, where he met his future wife, Herberta Cox.

Major League Baseball

The Phillies purchased Ashburn's contract from their Toronto minor league affiliate on April 8, 1948, Ashburn made his major league debut with the Phillies on Opening Day 1948 as a 21-year-old rookie. He started as the left fielder and replaced veteran Harry Walker, the reigning NL batting champion, as the team's leadoff hitter. He played as a left fielder for the first 12 games of the season before replacing Walker as the regular center fielder.

By June 5, Ashburn had produced a .380 batting average and had a 23-game hitting streak while his level of defensive play had impressed Shibe Park spectators. Ashburn was the only rookie chosen to the 1948 National League All-Star team where, he hit a single on the first pitch of the game and scored the first run of the game.

In 1950, in the last game of the regular season, Ashburn threw out Cal Abrams of the Brooklyn Dodgers at home plate to preserve a 1–1 tie and set the stage for Dick Sisler's pennant-clinching home run that sent the Phillies to the 1950 World Series. In the play, Ashburn was positioned in to back up a pick-off throw on a pitchout, but Phillies' pitcher Robin Roberts instead threw a fastball to the Dodgers' Duke Snider.

The following year Ashburn displayed his fielding skill on the national stage in the All-Star Game at Tiger Stadium in Detroit. The Associated Press reported, "Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer. Ashburn caught the ball in front of the right centerfield screen 400 feet distant after a long run." He was also the last Phillies player to collect eight hits in a double-header when he singled eight times in a twinbill at Pittsburgh on May 20, 1951.

Ashburn was a singles hitter rather than a slugger, accumulating over 2,500 hits in 15 years against only 29 home runs. In his day he was regarded as the archetypal "spray hitter", stroking the ball equally well to all fields, thus making him harder to defend against. Ashburn accumulated the most hits (1,875) of any batter during the 1950s.

Ted Williams gave Ashburn the nickname "Putt-Putt" because he "ran so fast you would think he had twin motors in his pants".  The origin of the nickname also has been attributed to Stan Musial.

During a game on August 17, 1957, Ashburn hit a foul ball into the stands that struck spectator Alice Roth, wife of Philadelphia Bulletin sports editor Earl Roth, breaking her nose. When play resumed Ashburn fouled off another ball that struck her while she was being carried off in a stretcher. Ashburn and Roth maintained a friendship for many years, and the Roths' son later served as a Phillies batboy.

Ashburn was traded to the Chicago Cubs following the 1959 season for three players.  He went on to anchor center field for the North Siders in 1960 and 1961. Anticipating a future career behind a microphone, Ashburn sometimes conducted a post-game baseball instruction clinic at Wrigley Field for the benefit of the youngsters in the WGN-TV viewing audience.

Ashburn was purchased by the expansion New York Mets for the 1962 season and was the first batter in franchise history. He had a good year offensively, batting .306, and was the team's first All-Star Game representative. It was, however, a frustrating year for the polished professional, who had begun his career with a winner and found himself playing for the least successful team in modern baseball history (with a record of 40–120). He retired at the end of the season.

One oft-told story is that on short flies to center or left-center, center fielder Ashburn would collide with shortstop Elio Chacón. Chacón, from Venezuela, spoke little English and had difficulty understanding when Ashburn was calling him off the ball. To remedy matters teammate Joe Christopher taught Ashburn to say "Yo la tengo", Spanish for "I've got it." When Ashburn first used this phrase it worked fine, keeping Chacón from running into him. But then left fielder Frank Thomas, who did not speak a word of Spanish, slammed into Ashburn. After getting up Thomas asked Ashburn, "What the heck is a Yellow Tango?" This anecdote inspired the name of the American indie rock group Yo La Tengo.

In his last five seasons, Ashburn played for the 8th-place Phillies, the 7th-place Cubs, and the 10th-place Mets. The infamous first-year Mets club won only a quarter of its games, and Ashburn decided to retire from active play. The last straw might have been during the Mets' 120th loss, when Ashburn was one of the three Mets victims in a triple play pulled off by his former teammates, the 9th-place Cubs. According to Jimmy Breslin, it was the prospect of sitting on the bench that led Ashburn to retire: "He sat on the bench for a while with another team once and it bothered him badly. And he said that if he ever had to be a benchwarmer for the New York Mets he'd commit suicide."

Throughout his playing career, Ashburn, who lived in his hometown of Tilden during the offseason, officiated high school basketball games throughout Nebraska as a way to stay in playing condition.  He became a well-respected official, but retired from officiating when he retired from baseball.

Broadcasting career

Starting in 1963, Ashburn became a radio and TV color commentator for the Phillies, his original big-league team. He first worked with long-time Phillies announcers Bill Campbell and Byrum Saam. In 1971 Campbell was released by the Phillies and replaced by Harry Kalas. From 1971 to 1976, Ashburn worked together with Saam and Kalas who would both be Ford C. Frick Award winners. Saam retired in 1976, and Ashburn continued working with Kalas for the next two decades, the two growing to be best friends.  Kalas often referred to Ashburn as "His Whiteness", a nickname Kalas used for most of Ashburn's life for the man he openly adored.

He was well known for his dry humor as a broadcaster. On one occasion, he was talking to Harry Kalas about his superstitions during his playing days. He said that he once had a habit of keeping a successful baseball bat in bed with him between games, not trusting the clubhouse crew to give him the same bat the next day.  Ashburn told Kalas that he had "slept with a lot of old bats" in his day.

When calling late innings, Ashburn would occasionally ask on-air if the staff of Celebre's Pizza, a nearby pizzeria in South Philadelphia, was listening to the radio.  Pizza would then arrive at the radio booth 15–20 minutes later. The Phillies requested that Ashburn discontinue the practice, since Celebre's was not a Phillies sponsor and it was considered free advertising. However, Ashburn was allowed to make on-air birthday and anniversary wishes during Phillies games. To circumvent the Phillies' request, he started to say, "I'd like to send out a special birthday wish to the Celebre's twins – Plain & Pepperoni!" Harry Kalas was heard on radio in 2007 making a similar wish.

Ashburn regularly wrote columns on the Phillies and Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Bulletin and the Philadelphia Daily News.

Death
According to Ashburn's mother, he planned to retire from broadcasting at the end of the 1997 season. On September 9, 1997, hours after broadcasting a Phillies-Mets game at Shea Stadium, Ashburn died from an apparent heart attack at his hotel room at the Grand Hyatt Hotel in Manhattan, aged 70. A large crowd of fans paid tribute to him, passing by his casket in Memorial Hall, located in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. He is interred in the suburban Gladwyne Methodist Church Cemetery in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania in suburban Philadelphia.

Legacy

The book, Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall Not?, is about Richie's journey to the Baseball Hall of Fame; Ashburn was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Hall's Veterans Committee in 1995 after a long fan campaign to induct him, which included bumper stickers that read, "Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall Not?" He accompanied Phillies great Mike Schmidt, who was inducted in the same ceremony. Over 25,000 fans, mostly from Philadelphia, traveled to Cooperstown, New York for the ceremony.

Ashburn was inducted into The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame in 1997. He was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.

Each year, the Phillies present the Richie Ashburn Special Achievement Award to "a member of the organization who has demonstrated loyalty, dedication and passion for the game."

The center field entertainment area at Citizens Bank Park, the Phillies home stadium, is named Ashburn Alley in his honor after numerous fans urged the Phillies to name their new stadium after Ashburn. Ashburn's 47 seasons of service to the Phillies organization was second in length in Philadelphia baseball history only to Connie Mack, who was honored by the renaming of Shibe Park as Connie Mack Park in 1953.

At Citizens Bank Park, the Phillies' radio broadcast booth is named the Richie 'Whitey' Ashburn Broadcast Booth in Ashburn's honor. It is directly next to the television broadcast booth, which was renamed "The Harry Kalas Broadcast Booth" after Kalas' death in 2009.

Rubén Amaro Jr., former general manager of the Phillies and son of former Phillies shortstop and coach Rubén Amaro Sr., co-founded the Richie Ashburn Foundation, which provides admission to baseball camp for free to 1,100 underprivileged children in the Delaware Valley and awards grants to area schools and colleges.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball batting champions
 List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
 List of Philadelphia Phillies team records
 Major League Baseball consecutive games played streaks

References

External links

Richie Ashburn at Baseball Almanac
Richie Ashburn at Baseball Gauge
Richie Ashburn at Baseballbiography.com
Richie Ashburn at Ultimate Mets Database
Richie Ashburn at The Deadball Era
 Richie Ashburn Baseball Foundation
 "Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall Not" book site
Richie Ashburn at Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame (1997, no bio available)

1927 births
1997 deaths
Baseball players from Nebraska
Burials in Pennsylvania
Chicago Cubs players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball players with retired numbers
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
National League All-Stars
National League batting champions
National League stolen base champions
New York Mets players
People from Tilden, Nebraska
Philadelphia Phillies announcers
Philadelphia Phillies players
Utica Blue Sox players

Richie Ashburn


Traffic Troubles is a Mickey Mouse short animated film first released on March 7, 1931, as part of the Mickey Mouse film series. It was the twenty-sixth Mickey Mouse short to be produced, and the second of 1931.

Plot
Mickey is driving an anthropomorphized taxicab in the city, and picks up an enormous pig who is so fat that he weighs down the car. An angry cat traffic cop browbeats Mickey for holding up traffic, and Mickey drives away as best he can. Mickey gets in a conflict with a tiny car driven by a dog, and cut each other off until the dog's car sinks into a water-filled pothole. Driving over rough road, the pig falls out of the car, and—after a rather violent parking job—Mickey discovers that his fare is gone.

For his next fare, Minnie Mouse is in a hurry to get to her music lesson, and the pair whistle and play the accordion during the journey. Mickey gets a flat, and has a hard time filling up the tire again. Peg-Leg Pete, wearing a top hat and ragged tuxedo, comes by driving a tricycle marked "Dr. Pep's Snake Oil". He insists on filling up the car with his miracle cure. The car instantly comes to life and speeds away, leaving Mickey behind. By the time he catches up with it, it's careening into a final disastrous crash through a barnyard.

Production
According to animator Ben Sharpsteen, the short was inspired by an incident in which Walt Disney was fined by a traffic cop.

Animator David Hand remembered drawing the scene of the taxicab blowing a tire several times for Disney, who wasn't satisfied and said that it didn't have enough exaggerated action. Hand finally drew a sequence so extreme and exaggerated that he thought Disney would get the point, but when Disney saw the sequence, he smiled, "There! You've got it! Why didn't you do it that way in the first place?"

The short was used as the basis for a week-long story arc in Floyd Gottfredson's Mickey Mouse comic strip, published January 12–17, 1931. (This was immediately after a week of strips inspired by another short, The Picnic.) The week of strips includes a gag cut from the film, with Mickey avoiding a ticket for parking in front of a fire hydrant by disguising the hydrant as a customer.

Reception
In Mickey's Movies: The Theatrical Films of Mickey Mouse, Gijs Grob writes: "Traffic Troubles is a genuine gag cartoon without any songs or dances, but with fast action, plenty of gags building to a grand finale, and spectacular and flexible animation. A particular highlight is a funny scene in which a police officer asks Mickey many questions while silencing him at the same time... Traffic Troubles is the best Mickey Mouse film from 1931, and Mickey's first really great cartoon since Steamboat Willie."

On the Disney Film Project, Ryan Kilpatrick agrees: "All very well done and extremely funny. This may have been the funniest of the Mickey shorts so far."

Variety (May 6, 1931): "Not so much talk and music in this one but plenty of action around a taxi. Neither above or below others in this series. Mickey Mouse has a cab which behaves in a human manner, jumping out of the way of other cars, etc. Some novelty derived from that and the way the car runs away in a fit after trying a tonic. Drawing well defined, photog clear and recording passable."

The Film Daily (May 10, 1931): "Funny. The traffic problem is well handled by Mickey in this humorous release. Walt Disney has gathered a score of new and novel gags that are sure-fire laugh-getters. Mickey starts out as a taxi driver but finds travel somewhat difficult with a large hog as his fare. The action is fast and the synchrony and effects well done."

Theatrical release
Traffic Troubles was Disney's first cartoon to be featured at New York's Roxy Theatre.

Home media
The short was released on December 7, 2004 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two: 1929-1935.

Television
The short was included in the TV shows The Mickey Mouse Club (Season 1, Episode 83) and Mickey's Mouse Tracks (Season 1, Episode 73).

Voice actors
 Mickey Mouse, Peg-Leg Pete: Walt Disney
 Minnie Mouse: Marcellite Garner
 Officer: Parker Spook
 Taxicab: unknown
 Unnamed Customer: unknown

See also
Mickey Mouse (film series)

References

External links

Mickey Mouse short films
1930s Disney animated short films
1931 short films
American black-and-white films
1931 animated films
1931 films
Films produced by Walt Disney
American comedy short films
Columbia Pictures short films
Columbia Pictures animated short films
Films directed by Burt Gillett
Films about taxis
1930s English-language films
1930s American films

Traffic Troubles


The big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) is a type of vesper bat. It is found in North America, the Caribbean, and the northern part of South America. The big brown bat weighs 15–26 g (0.53–0.92 oz). It has a wingspan of 32.5–35 cm (12.8–13.8 in).

Description
It is a large microbat. It weighs 15–26 g (0.53–0.92 oz). It is 110–130 mm (4.3–5.1 in) long. Its wingspan is 32.5–35 cm (12.8–13.8 in). Its dorsal fur is reddish brown. Its ventral fur is lighter brown. Its snout, uropatagium, and wings are black and do not have any hair. Its ears are also black and short.

Distribution and Habitat
The big brown bat is found from southern Canada and Alaska to as far south as Colombia and Venezuela. It has also been seen in the Caribbean in both the Greater and Lesser Antilles, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Dominica, Barbados, and the Bahamas. The big brown bat has been seen from 300–3,100 m (980–10,170 ft) above sea level. It is able to live in urban, suburban, or rural environments.

Feeding
Big brown bats are insectivorous. They eat many kinds of insects like beetles, flies, stone flies, mayflies, true bugs, net-winged insects, scorpionflies, caddisflies, and cockroaches.

Behavior
The big brown bat is a nocturnal animal. It roosts in sheltered places during the day. It roosts in mines, caves, tunnels, buildings, bat boxes, tree cavities, storm drains, wood piles, and rock crevices. In the summer, males usually live by themselves though they may form a small group that is only made up of males.

Reproduction
Big brown bat mating season is in the fall. After the breeding season, pregnant females separate into maternity colonies around April. Maternity colonies range in size from 5-700 bats. The pups are blind and helpless. It weighs 3 g (0.11 oz). The pup sucks milk from its mother for one month. Pups begin flying, at three to five weeks old.

References

Notes

Bats
Mammals of North America
Mammals of South America

Big brown bat


Max Andersson (born 1962) is a Swedish comic creator and film maker, mostly doing "underground style" and "artistic" comics. His comics have mainly been published in Swedish albums, and in the Swedish art magazine Galago.

With the publication of his graphic novel Pixy by Fantagraphics Books in 1993, Andersson became the first modern Swedish artist to have a comic album published in the United States. In the '90s he was a frequent contributor to the comics anthology Zero Zero. He is also the creator of the comic book Death & Candy.

The Greek anarchopunk band The No Sin named their albums "Drug Called Future" (2006) and "Some Key According to Death and Candy"(2009) in honor of Max Andersson's comics.

External links

maxandersson.com
Max Andersson info from the Lambiek Comiclopedia of Artists
Galago
Biography from "internationales literaturfestival berlin"

1962 births
Living people
Alternative cartoonists
Swedish animators
Swedish comics artists

Max Andersson (cartoonist)


Dossibai Rustomji Cowasji Patell MBE, MRCP (16 October 1881 – 4 February 1960), later known as Dossibai Jehangir Ratenshaw Dadabhoy, was an Indian obstetrician and gynaecologist, who in 1910 became the first woman to become a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS).

After completing initial medical training in India, she spent six years in London studying for the MRCS (Eng),  LRCP, MRCP, MB BS and finally MD.

Upon return to India, she established a career in obstetrics and gynaecology, advocated maternal and child welfare centres and petitioned for reducing infant mortality. In this role, she became active in a variety of societies, becoming the president of first the Bombay Obstetric and Gynaecological Society and later of the Association of Medical Women in India.

The Dossibai J. R. Dadabhoy oration is given in her memory.

Early life
Dossibai Patell was born on 16 October 1881 to a wealthy Parsi family
and attended Miss Moos School for Girls in Bombay (now Mumbai).

Patell came from Navsara Chambers, Fort Bombay, India. In 1903, she completed her medical training at Grant Medical College, Bombay, from where she gained her Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery. She then assisted Sir Temulji Nariman and Dr. Masina in Bombay before persuading her parents to allow her to study abroad.

Life in London
Patell spent four years studying at the Royal Free Hospital (London School of Medicine for Women)  and in May 1910, became the first woman to become a member (MRCS) of the Royal College of Surgeons, four years after women were allowed to sit the MRCS exam. In the same year she became the first woman licentiate (LRCP) of the Royal College of Physicians (RCP). She also became a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MB BS) of the University of London in 1910. In 1911 she became a member of the RCP, three years after women were permitted to sit its exam and one year after Ivy Evelyn Woodward became the first woman member of the college.

She completed her Doctor of Medicine degree (MD) at the London School of Tropical Medicine in 1912, the first Indian woman to do so.

Career

Upon return to India in 1912, as Dossibai Jehangir Ratenshaw Dadabhoy she began a career in obstetrics and gynaecology, taking a particular interest in gynaecological malignancies. As a result, she was the first person in India to purchase, possess and distribute radium.

In 1924, she presented a paper on infant mortality, stating her opinion that more than two thirds of infant deaths were preventable and petitioned for reducing these fatalities. She also considered maternal mortality and advocated supervision throughout pregnancy and childbirth and the forming of maternal and child welfare centres.

During the Second World War, she served in the Bombay Branch of the Red Cross Society. She was made MBE on 1 January 1941.

She co-founded the Bombay Obstetric and Gynaecological Society, becoming its honorary joint secretary and later its president. She worked to establish other such societies across India which came together to form the Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, of which she also became president.

In 1955, she presided over the eighth All India Obstetrics and Gynaecological Congress. As president of the Association of Medical Women in India between 1937 and 1947, she served on the Bhore Committee between 1942 and 1946, dealing with health development.

She was also honorary consulting surgeon at the Cama and lbless Hospitals.

Mrs Dadabhoy was the first Indian woman to be elected a Fellow of the University of Bombay. She was made a Justice of the Peace (J.P.) in Bombay.

Death and legacy
She died on 4 February 1960. An oration is given in her memory, some of the past orators being:

Paul Devroey
Jerusha Jhirad
Linda Cardozo

In 2018, Patell, along with the RCP's first female member, Ivy Evelyn Woodward, featured in the RCP's 500 year celebratory exhibition "This Vexed Question: 500 years of women in medicine".

Selected publications
 "Infant Mortality, its causes and how to Remedy it" in Report of the All India Social Service Conference. Bombay: Servants of India Society, 1924. pp. 65–75.
"Critical Analysis of 669 Caesarian Sections in the Nowrosji Wadi Maternity Hospital, Bombay" , Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India, Vol. IV, No. 2, December 1953.
"Presidential Address" , at the 8th All India Obstetrics & Gynaecology Congress, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India, Vol. V, No. 4, June 1955.

References

Further reading
 A List of the Fellows, Members, Extra-licentiates and licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1859-1986, by Royal College of Physicians of London.
"Bhore Report": Report of the Health Survey and Development.

External links

Indian obstetricians
Medical doctors from Mumbai
Alumni of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Members of the Order of the British Empire
1881 births
1960 deaths
Parsi people from Mumbai
20th-century Indian medical doctors
Members of the Royal College of Physicians
Members of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Medical doctors from British India
Expatriates from British India in the United Kingdom

Dossibai Patell


Danny Dunn is a fictional character, the protagonist of a series of American juvenile science fiction/adventure books written by Raymond Abrashkin and Jay Williams beginning in 1956.

Background
The stories are set in the fictional American town of Midston.  The plots feature characters who are interested in science and mathematics.

Abrashkin died in 1960, after publication of the fifth book. Williams, however, insisted on Abrashkin being given co-author credit on the subsequent ten books as well, since he had been instrumental in constructing the series. Ezra Jack Keats illustrated the first four novels in the series.

Although the exact location of Midston is not given, the authors wrote that a famed American of colonial times visited the town (when it was known as Middestown), implying Midston is somewhere in the original 13 states.  In the book Danny Dunn and the Heat Ray, reference is made to US Route 1 and US Route 2 being located near Midston, and those roads meet only at Houlton, Maine.

Main character
Dunn is a boy, a fifth-grader when the series starts, although the school year ends at the end of the first book.   He is looking forward to a career in science.  According to book reviewer Andrew Frederick, Dunn is precocious and headstrong—a redhead whose adventures mainly include getting into and out of trouble.

Other characters
Professor Euclid Bullfinch, a researcher at [fictional] Midston University. The Professor is also a musician who plays the bass viol (also known colloquially as the "bull fiddle"). He is plump and somewhat bald, and smokes a pipe in some of the books.  Danny considers him a mentor, and Danny's complicated problems often revolve around inventions by Bullfinch.
Mrs. Dunn, Danny's widowed mother, housekeeper for Professor Bullfinch.
Classmate Irene Miller, Danny's friend and next-door neighbor. Irene's father teaches astronomy at Midston University. Irene made her first appearance in the third book and is particularly interested in physics.
Classmate Joe Pearson, Danny's friend. Joe is the poet of the group, and he often functions as an amusing sidekick to Danny, expressing bafflement at the complicated technology employed by Danny and the Professor.
Classmate Eddie ("Snitcher") Phillips, rival of Danny and a school bully.
Doctor A.J. Grimes, a friend of Professor Bullfinch introduced in the first book, Danny Dunn and the Anti-Gravity Paint. Grimes is a curmudgeonly figure, rarely taking the teenagers seriously, and often trying to antagonize the Professor. Doctor Grimes is also a musician who plays the piccolo; he and Professor Bullfinch occasionally play duets. Tall and lanky, he is in many ways a contrast to his friend Bullfinch.

Books in the series
Danny Dunn and the Anti-Gravity Paint (1956)
Danny Dunn on a Desert Island (1957)
Danny Dunn and the Homework Machine (1958) (Irene introduced)
Danny Dunn and the Weather Machine (1959)
Danny Dunn on the Ocean Floor (1960)
Danny Dunn and the Fossil Cave (1961)
Danny Dunn and the Heat Ray (1962)
Danny Dunn, Time Traveler (1963)
Danny Dunn and the Automatic House (1965)
Danny Dunn and the Voice from Space (1967)
Danny Dunn and the Smallifying Machine (1969)
Danny Dunn and the Swamp Monster (1971)
Danny Dunn, Invisible Boy (1974)
Danny Dunn Scientific Detective (1976)
Danny Dunn and the Universal Glue (1977)

Albums
Danny Dunn and the Homework Machine was turned into a musical children's album on Golden Records (Golden LP 239), with music composed by Julie Mandel.

Reception
Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction said in 1961 that "Danny's adventures are always based on a solid science foundation, once the authors' usually wild main premise is digested".

See also

 Tom Swift

References

Book series introduced in 1956
Characters in American novels of the 20th century
Juvenile series
Novel series
Science fiction characters
Series of children's books

Danny Dunn


Finglesham is a village in the civil parish of Northbourne, and near Deal in Kent, England, which was the location of the Finglesham Anglo-Saxon cemetery, site of a seventh-century Anglo-Saxon archaeology find known as "Finglesham man," as described in 1965 by Sonia Chadwick Hawkes and Hilda Ellis Davidson. The village takes its name from the Old English Pengles-ham, meaning 'prince's manor', with the Anglo-Saxon cemetery containing a number of aristocratic burials. The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Northbourne.

It is also known for the presence of a famous road sign (actually at nearby Finglesham Estuary), pointing to the nearby places of both Ham and Sandwich (and thus reading "ham sandwich" as if referring to the common item of food).

The village is also on the Miner's Way Trail. The trail links up the coalfield parishes of East Kent.

References

External links

Villages in Kent
Dover District

Finglesham


Return of the Living Dead 3 is a 1993 horror comedy film directed by Brian Yuzna and written by John Penney. It is the third film in the Return of the Living Dead film series, following Return of the Living Dead Part II (1988).

Plot
Five years after the events of the previous film, Curt Reynolds steals his father's security key card, and he and his girlfriend, Julie Walker, explore the military base where his father works. They observe Curt's father, Colonel John Reynolds, Col. Peck and Lt. Col. Sinclair overseeing an experiment with a deceased body.

The corpse is exposed to 2-4-5 Trioxin gas, which re-animates the corpse into a zombie. The military hopes to use zombies in combat. However, they are impossible to control as their hunger for human brains causes them to constantly attack.

To deter the zombies' vicious nature, Sinclair suggests permanently attaching the zombies to exoskeletons that will immobilize them when they are not in battle. Reynolds prefers a method referred to as "paretic infusion", which involves firing a chemical projectile into the forehead of the zombie. This causes an endothermic reaction, freezing the zombie's brain and temporarily immobilizing it.

When the paretic infusion method is tested on the zombie in the lab, it is only successful for a few moments, wearing off much faster than expected; the zombie breaks free and attacks a scientist, biting his fingers off before bashing his head against a wall, killing him. Infected by the zombie's bite, the scientist re-animates and attacks another technician. The initial zombie and the reanimated scientist are paralyzed with bullets and the survivors in the room are quarantined. Reynolds is removed from the project and reassigned to Oklahoma City, while Sinclair is promoted to head of the project.

Reynolds informs Curt that they will be moving, something they have done multiple times, but Curt refuses. He rides off on his motorcycle with Julie. While they are speeding down the road, Julie playfully grabs Curt's crotch, causing him to lose control of the motorcycle. Julie is thrown from the bike into a telephone pole; the impact kills her.

Curt brings Julie's corpse to the military base. Using his father's key card, he accesses the Trioxin gas to reanimate her. After she is revived, the two escape on Curt's bike. Julie experiences intense hunger, and so Curt drive to a store. Inside, Curt runs afoul of a gang, leading to a struggle that results in the shopkeeper being shot by a member of the gang. Julie bites the shooter. While Curt and Julie flee from authorities in a van with the wounded shopkeeper, Julie is overcome by her hunger for brains and attacks him, eating some of his brains.

As the shooter's health declines due to Julie's bite, the gang attempts to track down her and Curt. Julie and Curt hide from the gang in the sewers, where they encounter Riverman, a vagrant who shelters them. Julie discovers that extreme pain seems to temporarily make the cravings to feed on humans go away. She mutilates her flesh with various items of junk found around Riverman's lair, until she is adorned with spikes, nails, and shards of glass sticking out of her flesh.

The gang tracks Julie and Curt down. Julie seduces the gang leader, then kills him and uses her new decorations to kill the rest of the gang. Julie's body becomes accustomed to the pain, and she turns on Riverman, infecting and killing him. The gang re-animates before the military arrive and neutralizes all of the zombies.

When the zombies are captured, Curt realizes Julie is going to be used as a weapon and goes into a rage, freeing the zombies which then kill the soldiers. In the commotion the base is set on fire and Curt is bitten. Curt's father tries to get Curt to leave but he realizes that he would be abandoning Julie, and also knows he is infected. Curt brings Julie to the furnace; when she asks where they are, Curt says "where we belong", and they kiss one last time before dying by immolation.

Cast

Themes and style
Retrospective assessments of Return of the Living Dead 3 published by Den of Geek and Scream characterize it as differing tonally from the first film in the series, which was released in 1985. Den of Geeks Nick Aldwinckle wrote that Return of the Living Dead 3 "adopts more of an angsty nineties tone", noting that the effects of the Trioxin on Julie lead her to engage in self-harm and body piercing in order to suppress her hunger for brains. Kevan Farrow of Scream echoed the latter observation, and added that the film "[updates] the Mohawk-sporting punks of 1985's The Return of the Living Dead with moody alt-rockers."

Production notes

While producer Tom Fox had intended for Return of the Living Dead Part II to be followed by sequels and create a long-lasting series, the critical and commercial underperformance of that film curtailed Fox's ambitions. Eventually Trimark Pictures picked up the rights to The Return of the Living Dead with Brian Yuzna assigned to produce and direct the film while Fox would step back into the role of executive producer. When Yuzna was hired Trimark, the company didn't give him a set direction and only included the mandate that Trioxin Gas had to be included as a plot point to justify usage of the Living Dead name.  The screenplay was written by John Penney who was hired on the basis he had served as an editor on the first The Return of the Living Dead . Early on, both Yuzna and Penney wanted to avoid rehashing the plots of the prior entries and instead shift focus to a main character who was a zombie.  The movie was shot over the course of 24 days at Santa Clarita Studios from October through November 1992.

The following production notes were noted in the October 1993 issue of Fangoria magazine (#127):

The film had a 24-day shooting schedule using two camera crews (one for principal photography, one for extensive 2nd-unit FX) at Santa Clarita Studios in Los Angeles, with Melrose Place filming next door.
Director/producer Brian Yuzna was disappointed with the lack of screen time for his previous female monster creation in Bride of Re-Animator and wanted "Julie" to have a far bigger presence.
Yuzna had been aiming to do a ROTLD sequel for years and was Trimark's first choice to direct.
Brian Peck ("Scuzz" in ROTLD and various zombies in ROTLD Part II) returns to play a government agent in this film.  He is the only actor to appear in all three films.
Julie's full zombie look required 100 different pieces, an application process that originally took nine hours but was eventually cut down to six, not including glamour make-up.
Five different FX companies (including Steve Johnson's XFX) were used during the shoot due to the tight schedule and number of effects in the film.
Hellraiser III and Waxwork director Anthony Hickox plays one of the government scientists who is killed early in the film by a test zombie.
The welded-metal exoskeleton worn by Riverman weighed 75 pounds and was designed by Tim Ralston.
The film was released unrated on VHS in addition to the R-rated theatrical cut.  Yuzna trimmed "between 50 and 60" seconds to get the R rating.

Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 55% based on 11 reviews and an average rating of 4.8/10. On Metacritic, Return of the Living Dead III scored 47 out of a 100 based on five critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Entertainment Weeklys Benjamin Svetkey gave the film a grade of "B+", writing that, "it's chock-full of brain-munching zombies, campy dialogue, and gross anatomical effects–but it's that touch of amore that makes this one so special". Brian J. Dillard of AllMovie wrote, "Although it features the same vaguely punk-derived fashion sense and many of the same plot elements as its predecessors, the third effort in the Return of the Living Dead series lacks much of the goofy entertainment value of the previous installments". Zombiemania: 80 Movies to Die For author Arnold T. Blumberg wrote that "Clarke tries to make the most of her after-death angst", but the film was "little more than a twisted catalogue of fetishistic imagery for horror movie aficionados keen to have a female zombie they can actually find attractive."

In 2017, Return of the Living Dead III premiered at the London FrightFest Film Festival.

References

External links

1993 comedy horror films
1990s American films
1990s English-language films
1990s science fiction horror films
American body horror films
American romantic horror films
American science fiction horror films
American sequel films
American splatter films
Films directed by Brian Yuzna
Films scored by Barry Goldberg
Films set in 1993
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films about self-harm
Human-zombie romance in fiction
Return of the Living Dead (film series)
Trimark Pictures films

Return of the Living Dead 3


Samuel Abu Jinapor , (born 1983) is a Ghanaian lawyer and a politician. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Member of Parliament for the Damongo Constituency. In 2017, President Nana Addo Dankwah Akufo-Addo appointed him as Deputy Chief of Staff in charge of Operations at the Office of the President, at the age of 33, the youngest in the history of Ghana to occupy such a position. He is currently the Minister for Lands and Natural Resources and assumed position as caretaker Minister of Trade and Industry on 16th January, 2023.

Early life and education
Samuel Abu Jinapor was born in 1983 to Abudulai Jinapor, a former police officer and Chief of Buipe in the Savannah Region of Ghana. He attended the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 2006. He proceeded to the University of Ghana in 2008 where he earned a Bachelor of Laws in 2010. That same year, he was admitted to read LLB at Ghana School of Law, Makola, Accra. He was called to the Ghana Bar in 2012 as a Solicitor and Barrister of the Supreme Court of Ghana. He also holds a Master of Laws in Alternative Dispute Resolution from the Faculty of Law, University Of Ghana.

Education
He graduated from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology with a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics, and specialized in Biomedical Physics.

His intellectual thirst and political aspirations led him to enroll to be trained as a lawyer – a goal he accomplished successfully. Consequently, he was called to the Ghana Bar in 2012, and has since been a qualified Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Ghana.

He earned his master's degree in law (LL.M) in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) from the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, in May 2017. In the course of his studies, amongst others, he successfully took academic sessions in International Commercial Arbitration, Labour Law, Law and Society.

Career
As a newly enrolled lawyer, he undertook his pupillage with the reputable Messrs. Kulendi@Law, an Accra-based commercial and corporate law firm, from October 2012 to August 2013. He studied under the tutelage of the renowned lawyer, Yonny Kulendi, who is now a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana.

Within a relatively short period, Hon. Jinapor rose to the position of Senior Associate. In this capacity, he developed the skills for quick thinking and oratory, and he served as an advocate in major commercial and corporate litigations. Whilst at the firm, Hon. Jinapor acted as a transactional lawyer for several complex, commercial negotiations, both domestically and internationally.

Again, as Senior Associate, he was periodically assigned to manage a team of lawyers from diverse backgrounds. Over the years, he had the rare opportunity of representing major foreign companies in Ghana as a Solicitor and Legal Advocate, both in Ghanaian Courts and Arbitral Tribunals.

Political life

His interest in the country's public affairs encouraged him to join politics in 2004, and he has since been a widely known and excellent Political Activist. His first foreign relations exposure came when, at an early age of twenty-three (23), he had the unusual opportunity to accompany the then President of the Republic, His Excellency John Agyekum Kufour, on his historic State Visit to the United Kingdom (UK) in 2007, as a Communications Aide, where he made appearances on shows of various media houses in the UK.

The watershed moment came, when in 2007, he was privileged and honoured to be appointed by Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, then presidential aspirant of the New Patriotic Party, as his Campaign Aide in the 2007 NPP presidential primaries. This is a position he held in both the 2008 and 2012 general elections.

In the 2016 general elections, Hon. Samuel Abu Jinapor played a major political advocacy role for the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and its presidential candidate, Akufo-Addo. He was seen and heard on major media and campaign platforms across the country, taking on the incumbent John Dramani Mahama Government, and promoting the policies of his Party, the NPP, a task he executed brilliantly with considerable courage and tenacity, earning him the admiration of many. He is a dedicated member of the New Patriotic Party.

In 2017, President Akufo-Addo appointed him as Deputy Chief of Staff in charge of Operations at the Office of the President, at a very youthful age of thirty-three (33), the youngest in the history of Ghana to occupy such a position. As Deputy Chief of Staff, he assisted the Chief of Staff in mobilizing government machinery to support the execution of the President's agenda for the country. Having worked closely in various capacities with President Akufo-Addo, both in opposition and government, Mr. Jinapor has gained considerable experience in the workings of government.

In 2020, whilst still performing his demanding task as Deputy Chief of Staff, he contested the parliamentary seat of Damongo, the maternal hometown of former President John Dramani Mahama, the 2020 Presidential Candidate of the National Democratic Congress (NDC), and won that highly competitive election with a significant margin of victory, becoming the first MP from the New Patriotic Party since the inception of the fourth republic.

During the 2020 Ghanaian general election, he won the Damongo Constituency parliamentary seat. He won with 15,989 votes making 54.1% of the total votes cast whilst the NDC parliamentary candidate Adam Mutawakilu had 13,279 votes making 44.9% of the total votes cast, the independent parliamentary candidate David Tiki Dange had 296 votes making 1.0% of the total votes cast.

He has since been nicknamed, "Man of Action" by his constituents.

H.E Nana Addo Dankwah Akufo-Addo nominated him as the Minister responsible for Lands and Natural Resources in his second term government. As many pundits have attested, he has, thus far, held and executed his onerous and consequential ministerial duties with courage and integrity.

On January 16, 2023, he assumed the role of the Trade and Industry Minister as a caretaker after being appointed by H.E Nana Addo Dankwah Akufo-Addo on January 13, 2023, until a suitable candidate could be appointed. On 7 February, 2023, K.T Hammond was appointed as a substantive minister, replacing him. The parliamentary approval for his appointment was granted on 24 March, 2023.

Personal life
He is happily married to Mrs. Naada D.B. Jinapor, a Lawyer and head of the Corporate Law Department of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) of Ghana and their marriage is blessed with four (4) children.

References

Living people
21st-century Ghanaian lawyers
People from Northern Region (Ghana)
University of Ghana alumni
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni
Ghana School of Law alumni
1983 births
New Patriotic Party politicians
Ghanaian MPs 2021–2025
People from Savannah Region (Ghana)
21st-century Ghanaian politicians
Cabinet Ministers of Ghana

Samuel Abu Jinapor