The House of Magic (Thunder and The House of Magic in the United States. French: Le Manoir magique) is a 2013 English-language Belgian-French 3D computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by Nadia Khamlichi, Adrian Politowski, Ben Stassen, Caroline Van Iseghem and Gilles Waterkeyn and directed by Stassen and Jeremy Degruson. The film focuses on an abandoned young cat who seeks shelter in the home of an old, retired magician with his robots and gizmos.

A spin-off TV series called Presto! School of Magic (formerly School of Magic) was announced in 2017. The series will be produced by TeamTO and Federation Kids and Family.

Plot
While moving to a new home in Boston, a couple stops the car and the woman opens the door and throws a toy ball on the sidewalk so that their Tabby cat can chase after it. The kittenish cat, later realizes that he has been left behind by his owners when they close the door and drive away without him. Abandoned, he looks for a refuge. A passing tiny Chihuahua attempts to befriend him but is quickly dragged off by his leash. After various obstacles and near accidents, he's chased by a large Doberman until he comes to an old house with fame of being cursed or haunted in the neighborhood. Entering via an open attic window, the cat explores the strange contraptions about and tries to befriend a small mouse named Maggie, who's terrified of him despite the cat trying to convince her that he doesn't even eat mice. Soon, he is threatened by Jack, Maggie's grumpy rabbit friend, and Maggie; ordering him to leave the house before their owner sees him, afraid the cat will monopolize his love and attention since they're aware of his fondness for cats. They throw the cat out but he finds his way back in through a cellar window, attempting to escape a thunderstorm, then explores the mysterious house further. He hides behind an urn and observes the house's owner, Mr. Lawrence, a kindly old magician, have a conversation with the various automatons and gizmos he's created for his magic shows, whilst attempting to fix an electrical bulb-headed one named Edison. Later, the magician's materialist real estate agent nephew, Daniel, drops by for a visit. Afterwards, while Lawrence dozes off, Jack and Maggie locate the cat after he accidentally re-activates Edison and Jack pursues the kitten. Before Jack can throw him out again, Lawrence wakes up and picks up the kitten and decides to adopt him, naming him Thunder (after his fear of lightning).

Thunder learns more about the house, as well as the romantic pigeon pair named Carlo and Carla. Meanwhile, Jack and Maggie try by all ways to exile Thunder from the house, jealous and afraid of being substituted. The next day, refusing to be left behind, Thunder is incorporated into the "rabbit out of a hat" routine in the magic show performed for some children at a hospital, to much fanfare. Whilst riding back home, a disgruntled Jack and Maggie show their disapproval by attempting to get rid of him once and for all; jabbing sharpened crayons, they poke Thunder off the trunk strapped to the back of the bicycle. During the ensuing mayhem, Lawrence suffers an accident and is sent to the hospital, as Thunder is left sprawled behind.

With Lawrence in the hospital with a broken leg, his nephew Daniel takes advantage by tricking his uncle to sign over power of attorney, in the hopes of putting his house up for sale. Suspicious of Daniel's intentions, Thunder alerts Lawrence's automatons. When Daniel returns his uncle's magic trunk back home, he brings along two possible buyers for the property. Desperate, Thunder gets Carlo and Carla to dive bomb and splatter poop on them in order to attempt deter and prevent the house from being sold. Meanwhile, once out the trunk, Jack (who broke his leg in the accident) and Maggie convince the automatons (except Edison) of Thunder's guilt in causing the accident despite Thunder trying to tell the truth. He hopes Carlo and Carla will prove his innocence, which fails when they are intimidated by Jack. Nevertheless, Thunder manages to convince everyone that they need him to save the house since Daniel is proven to be severely allergic to cats. They allow him to stay but lock him in a bird cage. The next possible buyer, the Chihuahua's owner, is also driven away but not before the Chihuahua is able to rescue Thunder. In a misunderstanding, Daniel's assumed to be harming her dog, whilst in fact attempting to trap the cat. Later, Thunder visits Lawrence at the hospital and is pleased to discovers Lawrence never blamed him after all. Thunder returns home and the inhabitants of the house have meanwhile driven two more buyers away believing the house to be haunted. When Jack and Maggie again try to exile Thunder.

When Lawrence rushes back from the hospital with the help of some of the children he met there and finds his nephew swinging a wrecking ball, he finally discovers Daniel's true colors. Meanwhile, Jack is stuck midway in the cat-flap of the front door, as Thunder attempts to save all the automatons from getting crushed. When he saves Maggie's life, Thunder finally earns the mouse's respect and friendship. They band together and use Daniel's cat-allergy against him until he ends up wrecking balling his own beloved car instead. Lawrence orders Daniel to make repairs on the house. Thunder is finally accepted as a member of the family by Jack and Maggie. When Lawrence recovers from his injuries, he returns to entertaining children with his magic shows, in which Thunder now has his own starring part alongside Jack and Maggie. Thunder is finally happy to have a family that appreciates him and his Chihuahua friend seeing them all having so much fun attempts to get himself "an audition" to get recruited as part of the team...

In a post credit scene, Daniel is attempting to convince a new client to sell her house and move to a retirement home but soon learns that she has many, many cats and sneezes violently.

Cast
 Cinda Adams as Nurse Baxter
 George Babbit as Jack / Carlo / Zoltar
 Brianne Siddall (credited as Murray Blue) as Thunder / Dylan
 Kathleen Browers as Carla
 Joey Camen as Chihuahua
 Grant George as Daniel
 Shanelle Gray  as Maggie
 Nina Grillo as Audrey
 Kyle Hebert as Mark Matthews
 Goldie Jonsie as Old Lady
 Kendra Leif as Lasondra
 Joey Lotsko as Mr. Eames
 Millie Mup as Mrs. Eames
 Will Parks as Mike Matthews
 Sage Sommer as Izzy
 Michael Sorich as Crane Operator
 Doug Stone as Lawrence Savile
 Joseph W. Terry as Reggie Willis

Reception

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 73% based on reviews from 30 critics, with an average rating of 5.97/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Thunder and the House of Magic lacks real narrative depth, but its visual splendor offers sufficient compensation for younger viewers." At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 47 based on 13 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Box office
The film grossed $64,193,114 overseas outside of North America as well as $4,091 within it for a combined gross of $64,197,205.

References

External links

2013 films
2013 3D films
2013 computer-animated films
2013 comedy films
2013 fantasy films
2010s English-language films
2010s fantasy comedy films
3D animated films
Animated films about cats
Animated films about dogs
Animated films about rabbits and hares
Belgian animated films
Belgian fantasy comedy films
Animated films about magic
Animated films about mice
Films set in Boston
Animated films set in Massachusetts
Films set in the Great Recession
Films scored by Ramin Djawadi
French fantasy comedy films
StudioCanal films
StudioCanal animated films
Animated films set in the 2000s

The House of Magic


The GMC Acadia is a crossover SUV manufactured by General Motors for its GMC marque. The first-generation GMC Acadia shared the GM Lambda platform with the Saturn Outlook, the Chevrolet Traverse, and the Buick Enclave. The Acadia went on sale in 2006 as a 2007 model in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The Acadia replaces three of the 7- or 8-seater vehicles on the Pontiac–Buick–GMC dealership network, the midsize GMC Safari van, the GMC Envoy, and the Pontiac Montana SV6 minivan for the domestic market. As of 2009, the Lambda vehicles have replaced the Buick Rainier, Buick Rendezvous, Buick Terraza, and the GMC Envoy XL and then subsequently the GMC Envoy, Chevrolet TrailBlazer and the Isuzu Ascender. A Denali version of the Acadia debuted for 2011. In 2017, the second generation Acadia was repositioned as a mid-size crossover utility vehicle in order to compete within the growing midsize SUV market against the likes of the Ford Explorer, Edge, and Jeep Grand Cherokee.

First generation (2007)

The Acadia represents GMC's entry-level truck-like CUV and is the first unibody vehicle from the marque. It is also GMC's first front-wheel drive passenger vehicle, and also the first such vehicle of any kind since the 1973-78 GMC Motorhome.

The Acadia has seating for eight and either front or all-wheel drive. With a  towing capacity, the Acadia slots between the GMC Terrain and the Yukon. The Acadia is the mid-priced Lambda model between the Chevrolet Traverse and Enclave.

In December 2006, all production and sales of the Acadia (and the Saturn Outlook) were temporarily stopped due to the engine mounts not having holes drilled to release accumulated water, as well as an issue with potentially faulty rivets in the load floor just forward of the vehicle's rear hatch. The assembly process was quickly adjusted, and dealership sales of the vehicles had resumed within days of the notice.

The first-generation Acadia was sold alongside its second-generation replacement as the Acadia Limited.

Suspension and chassis
The 2008 Acadia has a  wheelbase and  front/rear tracks. The independent front suspension is a MacPherson strut design, with a direct-acting stabilizer bar and aluminum knuckles. The independent rear suspension uses a "H" Linked design.

Steering is power-assisted rack-and-pinion, with an optional variable-effort system. Four-wheel disc brakes with ABS are standard. 19 inch cast aluminum wheels and Goodyear Eagle RS-A M+S P255/60R-19 108H tires with a high-pressure compact spare tire are standard on the SLT2 model and optional on the SLT1. The SLE model has 18 inch painted aluminum wheels with P255/65R-18 tires. The SLT1 comes standard with 18 inch machined aluminum wheels.

Engine and transmission
The Acadia uses GM's High Feature LY7 V6 that was introduced in the Cadillac CTS. In the Acadia, the engine produces  and  of torque. The Acadia also uses the new GM-Ford 6-speed automatic transmission.

The 2009 model year engine was the direct injected LLT, producing  and  of torque.

The 2012 Acadia has a 3.6 L V6 engine producing  at 6,300 rpm and  of torque at 3,400 rpm.

The 2016 Acadia Limited has a 3.6 L V6 engine producing 310 hp (231 kW) and 271 lb ft (367 Nm) of torque.

Interior
The Acadia features available 3-row, 7 or 8-seater seating, although the post-2017 models downsized the 3rd-row seating capacity from 3 to 2 passengers. Inside, the Acadia features more contemporary trim than the Outlook, including chrome and satin nickel textures, and a wider variety of two-toned interior colors such as an Ebony and Light Titanium (grey) cloth upholstery, and a choice of either Ebony, Light Titanium (grey) or Brick (brown) leather upholstery. A heads-up display is one of the available options exclusive to the Acadia and standard on the Acadia Denali.

Acadia Denali

The Denali version of the Acadia arrived at dealerships in 2010 as 2011 model. This upgraded trim is available in FWD and AWD versions in seven- or eight-passenger form and features monotone paint, honeycomb grille, unique front and rear fascias, along with HID headlamps, chrome accents, exhaust tips, and six-spoke 20-inch wheels. Interior upgrades include perforated leather seating and wood trim.

The Acadia Denali joins its SUV siblings, the Terrain Denali, the Yukon Denali and Yukon XL Denali, and marks GMC's first crossover to take the Denali badge.

Trim levels

Safety
A unibody construction helps lower center of gravity, compared to previous truck-based GM SUVs, reduces the risk of rollover accidents. Much of the Acadia's structure is reinforced with high-strength steel, including a steel cross-car beam welded across the floor between the B-pillars.

The Acadia has six different airbags equipped in the vehicle; two dual-stage front air bags for the driver and front passenger, two seat-mounted side-impact air bags in the first row and two head curtain side impact air bags that cover all three seating rows. Similar to the Volvo XC90, the Acadia will have a detection system on board that will deploy various airbags if a rollover is detected.

Additionally, the Acadia comes standard with the OnStar system.

Model year updates

2013 facelift
GM unveiled an updated 2013 GMC Acadia at the 2012 Chicago Auto Show, taking the bodyshell of the discontinued Saturn Outlook. The 2013 Acadia received a completely redesigned grille and front fascia, a redesigned rear liftgate, and an improved interior with upgrades to interior quality, as with its other two updated siblings, the Buick Enclave and Chevrolet Traverse.

2014 model year
For the 2014 model year, the Acadia added Forward Collision Alert and Lane Departure Warning as a standard on Denali and as an optional feature on SLT1 and SLT2 trims, while two charging-only USB ports on the rear of the center console for second-row use were added as a standard for all trims.

2015 model year
For the 2015 model year, a heated, leather-wrapped steering wheel became standard on SLT-2 and Denali models, along with a twenty-inch aluminum wheel design. Crimson Red Tintcoat, Dark Sapphire Blue Metallic, and Midnight Amethyst Metallic are added as new exterior color palettes. In addition, dual exhaust became available only on Denali versions, while all other trim levels received single exhaust.

Acadia Limited
For the 2017 model year, the first-generation Acadia was sold alongside its second-generation replacement, but was renamed the Acadia Limited, much like the Chevrolet Cruze Limited, Chevrolet Malibu Limited, and Chevrolet Impala Limited were also sold alongside their replacements - at least for a single model year - as rental and fleet vehicles. However, production remained in Lansing, Michigan as the second generation Acadia moved to Spring Hill, Tennessee, the site of the original Saturn plant. With the second-generation Buick Enclave and Chevrolet Traverse making their debuts in 2017 as 2018 models, GMC ended production of the Acadia Limited on March 31, 2017 in order to start production on the Traverse and Enclave.

Second generation (2017)

The second generation Acadia made its official debut at the North American International Auto Show on January 12, 2016. The redesigned Acadia went on sale in May 2016 as a 2017 model. The second generation Acadia is built in Spring Hill, Tennessee. The previous Acadia continued to be sold alongside the new one as the "Acadia Limited" through the 2017 model year.

The second generation Acadia was reduced from  to  in length and from  to  in width (losing  in the process), as GM repositioned the vehicle to mid-size status while remaining above the Terrain in size (the Terrain itself would relinquish its midsize status after it was repositioned as a second generation smaller compact crossover with the 2018 model), as GM has already announced that the next generation Traverse and Enclave will be the only GM-built full-size crossover SUVs in this segment. With the reduction from full-size to mid-size, the Acadia's MSRP was reduced to $29,995 (US). The GMC Acadia now has 5, 6, and 7 passenger configurations arranged respectively like either two front bucket seats and one rear bench seat; two bucket seats up front, two buckets in the second row, and two seats in the rear row; or two front bucket seats, one second row bench seat, and two rear seats in the third row.

The second generation Acadia features seven seats instead of eight, a choice of either a 2.5-liter or 3.6-liter engine, a new advanced twin-clutch AWD system (available only with All-Terrain package) by GKN Driveline designed for off-road environment (joining the FWD and AWD drivetrains available on all other models), an updated fascia and redesigned lighting. The Acadia is built on the same platform as the Cadillac XT5 and will be joined by the Chinese-built Buick Envision and the Chevrolet Blazer (built on the C1XX platform) when GM unveils its lineup for its mid-size CUVs for 2018 and beyond.

With the decrease in size, fuel economy with the 3.6L increases to  city,  hwy (AWD and FWD) from  city  hwy (FWD). The 2017 Acadia will offer the newly launched AppShop feature.

Trim levels for the second generation Acadia were carried over from the previous generation; SL, SLE-1, SLE-2, SLT-1, SLT-2, as well as a Denali trim level, though an All-Terrain Package is available on Acadia SLE and SLT trim levels that will be more rugged in its appearance. The second generation Acadia is also available with Third Row Seat Delete option on SLE and SLT trim levels as part of the All-Terrain Package.

The second generation Acadia introduced a feature to remind drivers to check the rear seats for children to help prevent heatstroke of children accidentally left behind in a vehicle.

Holden Acadia
The Acadia was marketed in Australia and New Zealand as a Holden-badged vehicle. It went on sale on November 12, 2018. The Holden Acadia was built in Tennessee with RHD specifications, and marketed as a full-size CUV. The Acadia was chosen for Australian exports due to its smaller size compared to its Chevrolet and Buick counterparts, which are the Traverse and Enclave respectively.

The Holden Acadia was due to receive an update for 2020 like the GMC Acadia, but it was canceled due to the Holden brand being phased out in 2020. A total of 5,157 units were sold during its sales period.

Model year updates

2020 facelift
The GMC Acadia received a facelift for 2020. The facelift introduced new exterior styling (including a new front grille inspired by the all-new 2019 GMC Sierra 1500), a revised infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration, new alloy wheel options, an all-new AT4 trim level (which replaces the All-Terrain Package on select trim levels), a new 2.0L turbocharged EcoTec inline four-cylinder (I4) engine (both the 2.5L EcoTec I4 and 3.6L VVT V6 engine options remain available for 2020), and the Electronic Precision Shift push-button automatic transmission that was first introduced on the 2018 GMC Terrain, this shifter was paired to a new 9-speed automatic, among other changes. The 2020 GMC Acadia went on sale in the fall of 2019.

2021
GMC introduced some minor changes for the 2021 model year. Wireless functionality for Apple CarPlay and Android Auto was added, as well as the debut of an Elevation Edition package that adds black exterior styling accents and 20-inch wheels.

2022

The GMC Acadia received a few updates for 2022, the most notable was the discontinuation of the 2.5 LCV I4 engine, which was standard on lower trim levels, the new standard engine became the turbocharged 2.0L LSY I4 while the 3.6L V6 LGX will still be available as an option. All engines were still paired to a 9-speed automatic transmission. The base SL trim level was also dropped, this made the SLE the base model from 2022 onwards. The five-passenger seating option was also discontinued for 2022, this configuration was only offered in the AT4 trim level, and removed the third row seats entirely.

Third generation (2024)

The 2024 Acadia was revealed at the 2023 North American International Auto Show. The Acadia was sized back up to a full-size to allow it to compete better in the three row crossover segment. With seating for up to 8, it shares its wheelbase with the larger Yukon.

Built on the same GM Epsilon Platform (C1XX-2) the related third-generation Chevrolet Traverse, the third-generation Acadia will be powered exclusively by a 2.5-liter turbocharged Inline Four-Cylinder (I4) gasoline engine producing 328 horsepower, and 326 lb. ft. of torque (an increase of 18 horsepower and 55 lb. ft. of torque over the previous-generation Acadia's naturally-aspirated 3.6-liter V6 engine). Standard on all trims will be a fifteen-inch tablet-style infotainment system and an eleven-inch reconfigurable instrument cluster display. The Acadia has a seating capacity of seven passengers with dual second-row captain's chairs, or eight passengers with the second-row split-folding bench seat. The 2024 Acadia, which will be available in early 2024, will be available in four models: base Elevation (replacing the previous SLE trim), mid-level Elevation Premium (replacing the previous SLT trim), off-road oriented AT4, and premium Denali. General Motors "Super Cruise" semi-autonomous driving system will be available on most models for the first time.

For the third-generation model, assembly of the 2024 GMC Acadia will move back to the Lansing Delta Township Assembly Plant in Michigan from the previous Saturn Corporation Spring Hill Manufacturing Plant in Tennessee, joining the all-new 2024 Chevrolet Traverse, and future Buick Enclave.

Sales

References

External links

All-wheel-drive vehicles
Mid-size sport utility vehicles
Crossover sport utility vehicles
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Acadia
2010s cars
Vehicles built in Lansing, Michigan
Cars introduced in 2006
Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States

GMC Acadia


Antonio Enrique González-Rodiles Fernández (Antonio Rodiles, born July 21, 1972) is a Cuban political activist who has achieved international visibility for his work as the coordinator of Estado de SATS, a forum which was created in July 2010 to encourage debate on social, cultural and political issues in Cuba. Rodiles is also coordinator of the Forum for the Rights and Freedom.

Education

Rodiles studied Physics in the University of Havana, Cuba. He received a PhD candidacy in Physics from the Institute of Nuclear Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 2003. In 2003 he emigrated to America and settled in Tallahassee, Florida. He earned a master's degree in Mathematics in 2007 from Florida State University (FSU), and also worked as a professor at FSU and Tallahassee Community College before returning to Cuba.

Activism
In 2010 he founded the forum "Estado de Sats" in Havana, Cuba, with the aim of creating "a plural space for participation and debate" between different sections of the Cuban society. Videos of the debates have widely circulated via YouTube, and have also be seen inside Cuba, where people pass them to others using USB memory sticks and DVD's (Internet access is severely restricted in Cuba).

In June 2012, the "Citizen Demand for Another Cuba" campaign, coordinated by Rodiles, demanding the regime to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Arrest
In November 2012, shortly after the arrest of an independent lawyer and journalist, Antonio Rodiles and several other government critics went to the Cuban State Security headquarters, known as Section 21 (Sección 21) in the neighbourhood of Marianao in Havana, to enquire after her whereabouts. Before they could reach the building they were approached by 20 people, all plain-clothed, as two officials from the Ministry of the Interior looked on. Antonio Rodiles was reportedly knocked to the ground and pinned down by several men. Several of the other activists were also manhandled and were forced into a police vehicle and sent to various police stations around Havana. All were released by 11 November, but Antonio Rodiles remained in prison. Amnesty International issued an Urgent Action call for his release. He was finally released after 19 days in a prison cell.

Further work
Rodiles sent an open letter to Cuban president Raul Castro, dated Dec 6th 2013, to protest against the multiple threats and pressure he has received because of this dissent activities.

In December 2013, Rodiles and Estado de SATS hosted a meeting about human rights ("Encuentro Internacional de Derechos Humanos y Pactos de la ONU") at his house in Havana, with the participation of dissidents and artists from Cuba and other countries. The Cuban state security police surrounded his house and detained several people who wanted to join the meeting. Rodiles was also detained, but freed hours later.

Rodiles is a signer of the Madrid Charter, joining an alliance of right-wing and far-right individuals organized by Spanish political party Vox.

References

Cuban activists
Living people
1972 births

Antonio Rodiles


Muslim history began in Arabia when Muhammad recited the Quran in the 7th century. The historical development of Islam has affected political, economic, and military trends both inside and outside the Islamic world.

As with Christianity, the concept of an Islamic world is useful when one looks at different periods of human history.

Early Muslim history
After Muhammad died, the Arab Muslim leadership was assumed by Abu Bakr. He was followed by Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali, and Mu'awiya I, who established the Umayyad Caliphate. Under these caliphs, Islam became one of the most important religions in the world.  Under Umar, more than two thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire was conquered by the Arab Muslims. Umar also started the Muslim calendar. The Arab Islamic empire reached its largest geographical extent under the Umayyad Caliphate.

Islamic civil wars

The First Fitna
The first civil war in Islam, also known as the First Fitna broke out in Islam during the rule of the fourth caliph Ali and lasted throughout his caliphate. The third caliph Uthman ibn Affan had been murdered by rebel Muslim groups who had political motives. After Ali took over, the most important problem he faced was that of punishing those responsible for murder. However many people felt that before accepting the position of the caliph, Ali should have focused his attention on finding and punishing the murderers. A group of people led by Muhammad's wife Aisha, her brothers in law Talhah and Zubair ibn al-Awam refused to recognize Ali's caliphate. They instead raised an army which met Ali's army at Basra in Iraq, originally for the purposes of negotiations. In the night, some fighting broke out, probably out of confusion or due to rebel groups who were involved in the infamous murder. This led to the Battle of Bassorah (also known as Battle of the Camel) in which Ali's party emerged victorious. Aisha was escorted back to Medina honorably after the battle by Ali.

This battle however did not entirely finish the tension in the Muslim empire. Ali was soon challenged by Muawiyah, the governor of the Muslim provinces of Syria. He too raised the issue of punishing Uthman's murderers and refused to acknowledge Ali as caliph until the issue had been solved. Muawiyah was a kinsman of Uthman and his army pledged to bring to justice the murderers and those who sheltered them. This reference to people who are sheltering the murderers was towards Ali and his followers. Accordingly, the two groups met and fought a battle, called the Battle of Siffin. This battle ended in a draw and so both groups decided on arbitration which also did not lead to any concrete decision. Another group of Muslims, The Kharijites who had previously been with Ali, meanwhile rejected him because they felt that he was not following true Islam and conducting business over the caliphate as if it were his own property.

In the following years Ali's governors could not prevent his losing provinces to Muawiyah who increased his strength by further expanding his army. Ali had shifted the capital of the caliphate from Medina to Kufa in 656. He was killed by a Kharijite assassin in Kufa in 661.

References

Other websites
BBC Islamic History Special
Chronological history of Islam and Muslims up to current time
Islam: 662AD - Present
Internet Islamic History Sourcebook
A history of Islam in America
Brief history of Islam
Chronological history of Islam
A history of Islamic culture
Islamic Civilization

Videos

History of Islam


Scanner is a disk space analyzing and management tool for Microsoft Windows operating systems. It displays the disk space usage of any drive or directory in the form of a multilevel pie chart which can be navigated up and down through the directory tree. When the mouse cursor is placed above a pie the program displays which directory the pie represents, how many files it contains and the overall disk space occupied by it. A context menu allows users to open the directory inside the Windows Explorer, hide and un-hide it from the diagram as well as deleting the pie from the disk either via the Recycle Bin or permanently.

Initially released in 1999, it is an early example of the sunburst method of visualising disk usage and inspired the KDE package Filelight.

References

External links

Disk usage analysis software

Scanner (software)


Port Elizabeth is the large city in the Eastern Cape. Port Elizabeth is also pronounced P.E. The very own place which is near to is Cape Town. PE is one of South Africa's well know Xhosa City in the Cape Colony. Since February 2021, the name of Gqeberha, from the Xhosa name of the township of Walmer, has been formalized by the South African government to designate the city of Port Elizabeth.

History

The history of South Africa Eastern Cape, tells that the Dutch rule came and made racism in Port Elizabeth, which moved across Namibia, Zimbabwe and Angola.

The National Statue Assembled by Ruan Swartz was made in early 1847, when it was The Bulls Kraal (Indlalofa YeBulu) which has mads P.E very different and notable worldwide business men and women to make a living of it.

Since February 2021, the name of Gqeberha, from the Xhosa name of the township of Walmer, has been formalized by the South African government to designate the city of Port Elizabeth.

Historical Way and Activist

South African  former planter (1756) Andiphile Ndlovu was the first activist who fought for their children's rights in Nokubonga, he then moved to East London to fight, and is not know yet.

Former Xhosa president of South Africa Nelson Mandela who stopped the attack in 1965 to 1984, when he was released for the equality he had made for Africa and black Americans. The known Southern African city which had its own strikes Port Elizabeth has notable people, like actors, actresses, political and political peopls, singers and many more current events.

People percentages in Port Elizabeth

Notable people

It is the home to notable people such as:

Lindokuhle Modi, South African teen podcaster and actor

References

Cities in South Africa
Eastern Cape

Port Elizabeth


The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS or PSNS) is part of the autonomic nervous system.  It does the opposite things of the sympathetic nervous system, the other part of the autonomic nervous system.  This way, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems balance each other's effects.  The sympathetic nervous system helps a person "fight or flight" when they are in danger.  When the danger is gone, the parasympathetic nervous system lets the person "rest and digest," "feed and breed."

Effects
The parasympathetic nervous system has many different effects.  It affects every part of the body, including:
 The heart: The heart relaxes and beats slower.  This makes the heart rate and blood pressure lower.
 The lungs: Breathing slows down.  The bronchi (the tubes that bring air to the lungs) also get narrower.
 The eyes: The pupils get smaller.
 The digestive system: Extra blood is sent to the stomach and intestines.  The stomach and intestines also work faster.  This helps the person digest the food in their stomach.
 The blood vessels: The blood vessels in the parts of the body that are far away from the heart, lungs, and brain get wider.  (This is called vasodilation.)  This helps make the blood pressure lower.  It also makes the skin warmer, and can cause a man to have an erection.

Because of these effects, the parasympathetic nervous system always has to balance with the sympathetic nervous system.  For example, if only the parasympathetic nervous system was working, a person's heart rate and breathing would keep getting lower and lower.  Eventually the person would stop breathing or their heart would stop beating.

However, in a healthy person, the brain realizes when the parasympathetic nervous system's effects are getting too strong.  For example, the brain may realize that the person is breathing too slowly, or that their heart rate is too low.  The brain reacts by making the sympathetic nervous system kick in.  Because the sympathetic nervous system has the opposite effects, it will make the person breathe faster and raise their heart rate.  These two systems have to balance each other constantly for a person to stay healthy.

Control
The parasympathetic nervous system is controlled mostly by the vagus nerve.  This is an important nerve that comes from the brain and goes all the way down to the bottom of the spinal cord.  The vagus nerve sends out chemical messengers called neurotransmitters - mostly one called acetylcholine.  This chemical causes changes in many different parts of the body.

Related pages
 Autonomic nervous system
 Sympathetic nervous system
 Enteric nervous system

References

Nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system


John Martin (born John Martin Scripps, 9 December 1959 – 19 April 1996) was an English spree killer who murdered three tourists—Gerard Lowe in Singapore, and Sheila and Darin Damude in Thailand—with another three unconfirmed victims. He posed as a tourist himself when committing the murders. He cut up all his victims' bodies, using butchery skills he had acquired in prison, before disposing of them.

Martin was arrested in Singapore (where he had killed Lowe) when he returned there after murdering the Damudes. Photographs of decomposed body parts were shown as evidence during his trial, making it "one of the most grisly" ever heard in Singapore. He defended himself by saying that Lowe's death was an accident and that a friend of his killed the Damudes. The judge did not believe Martin's account of events and sentenced him to death by hanging, making him the first Briton since Singapore's independence from Britain and Malaysia to be given the death penalty. He is also one of the first Westerners to be executed in Singapore since independence, the first one being Johannes van Damme of the Netherlands in 1994.

Early life
John Martin Scripps was born in Letchworth, Hertfordshire, on 9 December 1959 to Leonard and Jean Scripps, an East End lorry driver and a Fleet Street barmaid respectively. He travelled often in childhood, occasionally accompanied by his father, with whom he was very close. Leonard Scripps died by suicide when his son was nine. After his father's death, Scripps developed problems with reading and writing, which led to him leaving school at the age of 15. After dropping out of school he continued to travel, raising money for his trips by doing odd jobs and selling antiques.

Criminal career
Scripps was convicted of his first crime in May 1974, when he was sentenced to a 12-month conditional discharge and fined £10 by Highgate Juvenile Court for burglary. The punishment did nothing to deter him from stealing, and by August 1976 he had stolen again three times. In June 1978, he was fined £40 for indecent assault.

While travelling in Mexico, Scripps met María Pilar Arellanos, of Cancún, and married her in 1980. They travelled together for two years until 1982, when he was sentenced to a three-year jail term for theft, burglary and resisting arrest. His imprisonment upset María, and their relationship was further soured when he ran away from jail during home leave in June 1985—just months short of completing his term—and burgled again. He was sentenced to another three years' imprisonment, during which she filed for divorce and married Police Constable Ken Cold, an officer in the Royal Protection Squad. This angered Scripps, who acted in revenge, stealing some of Cold's clothing while released on home leave. He was appeased only when she divorced her new husband and returned to her hometown. After he was released, Scripps legally changed his name to John Martin.

Scripps began trafficking in drugs, and carried heroin between Asia and Europe for a syndicate. Singapore authorities first encountered his name in 1987, when he was arrested at Heathrow Airport for possessing drugs. Police found a key on him that belonged to a safe deposit box in a bank in Orchard Road in Singapore,  from which officers from Singapore's Central Narcotics Bureau seized 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb) of heroin  worth about US$1 million. For this and another drug offence, Southwark Crown Court in January 1988 sentenced him to seven years in jail. He escaped while on home leave but was later re-arrested. In July 1992, Winchester Crown Court added another six years to the original sentence, which would have kept him behind bars until 2001 had he not escaped again.

He was in custody at HMP Albany on the Isle of Wight from February 1992 to August 1993, where he became a model prisoner.  Initially he did menial jobs such as dishwashing and general cleaning and was later promoted to the position of butcher, under the training of James Quigley, a prison caterer with more than 20 years' experience, and another inmate only identified as "Ginger", who had been a professional butcher. They taught him how to dismember and remove the bone from animals after slaughtering them. Martin performed his duties with such efficiency that he once told Quigley he wished to open a butcher's shop after his release.

On 20 August 1993, Martin was transferred from HMP Albany to HMP The Mount in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, as a result of a change in his security categorisation. In October 1994 he escaped while on home leave, which was granted only two days after being refused parole. His mother, noting that he had sold all his belongings to fellow inmates while in prison (a clear notice of his intention to escape), asked prison authorities not to release him. After Martin was sentenced to death, she reiterated:

His mother gave Scripps £200 to travel overseas after his arrest. To avoid recapture, he used the birth certificate of another inmate, Simon James Davis, to get a passport in Davis's name. Within a month of his escape, he turned up in Mexico as John Martin. He reported to the British Embassy there that he had lost his passport, and managed to get a replacement. Martin arrived in Singapore from San Francisco at about 2 a.m. SST on 8 March 1995 (6 p.m. UTC on 7 March).

Murder of tourists
Martin killed at least three people in Singapore and Thailand, and was investigated for other murders in Belize, Mexico, and the United States. His modus operandi was to pose as a tourist and converse with another randomly chosen Caucasian, either aboard their flights or while waiting at airports. He stayed in the same hotels as his victims in a room near theirs. Once he had an excuse to be in their rooms, he used an electroshock weapon to immobilise them before killing them by striking their heads with a hammer and cutting them up in their bathrooms. He chose Caucasians as his victims because they were vacationing far away from their home countries, which made him less likely to be discovered. His motive apparently included money, as large amounts were withdrawn using the credit cards of Gerard Lowe and Timothy MacDowall.

Gerard Lowe

Gerard George Lowe came from Johannesburg, South Africa. He was a chemical engineer with South African Breweries. He went to Singapore to shop for electrical and electronic goods. Before he left Johannesburg on 7 March 1995, he told his wife Vanessa, a local airline employee, his exact schedule, saying: "I will call you the moment I check into the hotel to give you the contact number. If you do not hear from me on 10 March, it would mean that I would have a seat on the plane to return to South Africa and would arrive home on 11 March. But if I do call you on 10 March, that would mean that I have not managed to get a seat and would return on 12 March."

When Lowe arrived at Singapore Changi Airport on the morning of 8 March, he was approached by Martin (under the assumed name of Simon Davis), who struck up a conversation with him and suggested that they share a room, to which Lowe agreed. They managed to book Room 1511 in the River View Hotel off Havelock Road. The next morning, Martin asked a hotel receptionist to delete Lowe's name from the room registration system, saying that he had kicked Lowe out the previous night for being a homosexual.

Later that day, Martin forged Lowe's signature and used his credit card to withdraw $6,000 from a branch of DBS Bank at Raffles City Shopping Centre. He would withdraw a further $2,400 in cash using the same technique over the next few days. Martin also bought a $490 video recorder (which he mailed to his sister in England) and a $180 pair of Nike Alpha Trainer shoes with Lowe's credit card, and even attended a performance by the Singapore Symphony Orchestra. On 11 March, he visited a Thomas Cook travel agency office in Anson Road to arrange the transfer of $8,500 in cash and US$5,000 in converted traveller's cheques to a San Francisco based bank account in the name of 'John Martin'. After being informed the transfer would take a few days to complete, he also bought a $485 return air ticket to Phuket via Bangkok with cash, and departed from Singapore at 7pm that same evening.

On 13 March 1995, a pair of legs, severed at the knees, was found in a plastic bag floating off Clifford Pier. Three days later, a pair of thighs and a torso were found in the same area, also in a plastic bag. Initially, Singapore police could only determine that the body parts belonged to a Caucasian, and they had a possible name after receiving a missing person report for Lowe from the South African High Commission. Vanessa Lowe filed the report because she was distressed that her husband, who used to make daily contact with his family when overseas, had not called home or returned to South Africa by 12 March. Lowe's colleagues at work also tried to determine his whereabouts through personal contacts in Singapore. Singaporean authorities decided not to immediately inform the local media about the discovery, as they did not want to alert the suspected killer to the fact Lowe's remains had been found and possibly dissuading him from returning to the country if he had already fled. On 1 April, Vanessa Lowe confirmed that the body parts were her husband's through visual identification. However, his arms and head were never found. According to Professor Chao Tzee Cheng, the senior forensic pathologist, he was unable to determine the cause of death due to the absence of the head or any severe injuries on the other body parts available for his post-mortem examination, but he noted that the body parts were being expertly dismembered, suggesting that the killer of Lowe was either a trained doctor, medical surgeon, veterinarian surgeon or a butcher; Martin made use of the butchery skills he picked up at prison to dismember the body of Lowe after killing him.

Sheila and Darin Damude

Sheila Mae Damude (22 May 1945 – 16 March 1995) and her son Darin Jon Damude (13 November 1972 – 16 March 1995) came from Saanich, British Columbia, Canada. She was an administrator at the Pacific Christian School in Victoria, while Darin was a college student. They had come to Thailand on holiday, with Darin flying to Asia first before Sheila met him in Bangkok during spring break. They flew to Phuket on 15 March with Martin (still using his assumed name) who was sitting in the same row as them. He befriended the two and they checked into Nilly's Marina Inn facing Patong Beach. Martin was given Room 48 and the Damudes were given the adjacent Room 43. The Damudes were not seen again after they ate breakfast the next morning; at about 11 a.m. THA (5 a.m. UTC), Martin asked the inn's receptionist to switch his room to Room 43, saying that the Damudes had left and that he would pay their bill.

Martin checked out and returned to Singapore on 19 March. On that day the skulls of the Damudes were found in a disused tin mine in Kathu district. A torso and a pair each of arms and legs were found along Bahn Nai Trang Road, 9.7 kilometres (6 mi) away, five days later. The body parts were so badly decomposed that visual identification was impossible; Royal Thai Police used dental records to identify the skulls and forensic analysis concluded that the torso, arms, and legs were likely to be Sheila's. The other parts of Darin's body were never found.

Unconfirmed victims
Scotland Yard suspected Martin of having separately killed two men from south London: financial adviser Timothy MacDowall and accountant William Shackel. In Mexico, Martin had discussed with his wife about going scuba diving with MacDowall, who was taking scuba lessons while on holiday on an island off Belize. MacDowall disappeared in Belize in early 1995 but police could not conclusively match him to body parts later found in that country; the only suspicious activity they uncovered was the transfer of £21,000 from MacDowall's bank account to an account in San Francisco under Martin's name. MacDowall is believed to have been murdered as he slept and his remains thrown into a crocodile-infested river. Martin refused to be interviewed by Scotland Yard while he was on death row in Changi Prison, thus whether he killed MacDowall remains unconfirmed. Shackel was reported missing while on holiday in Cancún, Mexico. Police reports said that Martin was in Cancún the day Shackel cashed traveller's cheques worth £4,000, after which he disappeared.

Martin was also wanted in San Francisco in the United States for the murder of sex worker Tom Wenger on 28 March 1994. Wenger's body was chopped up and drained of blood; it was found in a garbage skip (dumpster) in Myrtle Alley in the Polk Street district. Martin's photograph matched a facial composite picture of a suspect made by San Francisco police, but he was formally eliminated as a suspect after it was established that he was living in a British halfway house at the time of the murder. He was also investigated for another murder in Arizona.

Arrest and remand

Oblivious to the fact Lowe's remains had already been found by the police, and wanting to complete the transfer of money from Thomas Cook to his bank account in the United States, Martin returned to Singapore on the evening of 19 March 1995. He was promptly arrested when he arrived at Changi Airport and produced a passport with his assumed name, Simon Davis. Police had put the name on their wanted list on 14 March after they determined that Lowe had checked into River View Hotel with someone by that name. In a police interview room in the airport, Martin smashed a glass panel and cut his wrist with a shard of glass in a suicide attempt, fearing that he would be hanged like Flor Contemplacion, a Filipino who had been hanged two days before for a double murder. He was taken to Alexandra Hospital for treatment.

The police found five passports on Martin in addition to his own—two British passports issued to Simon Davis, two Canadian passports issued to Sheila and Darin Damude, and a South African passport issued to Gerard Lowe—each with Martin's photograph affixed. They also found credit cards belonging to Sheila Damude and Gerard Lowe. In addition, police found Simon Davis' birth certificate, and items that Martin had used to immobilise and kill: a hammer weighing 1.5 kilogrammes (3.3 lb), a battery-operated Z-Force III electroshock weapon, a can of mace, two pairs of handcuffs, a pair of thumbcuffs, two Police brand foldable knives, an oilstone and two Swiss army knives. Importation of some of these into Singapore is illegal.

On 21 March 1995, Martin was taken to court on an initial charge, naming him as Simon James Davis and accusing him of forging Lowe's signature on a DBS Bank credit card transaction slip to obtain S$6,000 in cash on 9 March. Three days later, he was charged under his real name for the murder of Gerard Lowe in a River View Hotel room some time between 8 and 9 March. In subsequent hearings, he was additionally charged with forgery (forging Lowe's signature five more times to obtain cash and goods worth $3,200), vandalism (smashing the glass panel), possession of an offensive weapon (the electroshock weapon), and possession of a controlled drug (he had 24 sticks of cannabis at the time of his arrest).

On 18 September, a preliminary enquiry in a district court was held to determine whether there was sufficient evidence for a trial to proceed. The magistrate overseeing the enquiry ordered Martin to stand trial for Gerard Lowe's murder on 2 October after hearing statements from 39 witnesses, and looking at more than 100 exhibits and 100 photographs that the prosecution had prepared as evidence.

On 20 September 1995, a Singapore Prisons Department spokesman announced that two British journalists had deceived prison officials into letting them visit Martin, and then interview him, twice while he was on remand in Tanah Merah prison between June and July, adding the matter had been referred to the police. The journalists (Andrew Drummond and Gary Jones) later admitted visiting him separately, along with his sister Janet Martin, with the subsequent report being published in the News of the World on 2 July 1995. On 6 October, whilst in Singapore to attend Martin's trial, Janet Martin was interviewed by police regarding the journalists committing the criminal offence of giving false information to a public servant to make him use his lawful power (by allegedly telling prison officials they were Martin's cousins). No charges were filed.

Trial

The trial of John Martin Scripps for the murder of Gerard Lowe began on 2 October 1995 in the High Court of Singapore. Before the trial, Martin made a statement explaining that he killed Lowe in self-defence. He said he had fallen asleep after checking in, but woke up after someone touched his buttocks; it was Lowe, who was clad only in his underwear and smiling at him. To him, this behaviour made Lowe appear to be a homosexual, so he kicked Lowe away. This angered Lowe, who threw Martin's hammer at his stomach. Martin then grabbed the hammer and "hit [Lowe] several times on the head until he collapsed onto the carpeted floor." Martin then fled in a taxi to the Sentosa hotel of a 'British friend' and confessed to accidentally killing Lowe. Martin spent the night in Sentosa, while his friend travelled to the River View Hotel and disposed of Lowe's body by throwing it into the Singapore River. Martin continued, "I am not sure what was the next thing I did ... everything was such a blur to me after this incident that I was walking around in a dream world for the next few days." He refused to identify his friend, saying, "I cannot tell you his identity because if he knew he would harm my family back in Britain." Martin claimed his friend was a drug trafficker aged in his 40s, and that he had previously worked for him as an international drug courier in the late 1980s. On 15 March, he flew to Phuket, where he met his friend again. His friend gave him the passports and other items belonging to the Damudes, whom he never met.

In court, Martin argued that he was by nature not a violent person. "I may have worked in the (prison) butchery, but cutting up a human body is another thing. When I saw the photographs (of Lowe's body parts), it made me feel sick." He maintained that he had killed Lowe after the latter made homosexual advances that caused him to "freak out"; he had previously fended off homosexual attacks twice while imprisoned: in Israel in 1978, and in England in 1994. When Deputy Public Prosecutors Jennifer Marie and Norul Rashid asked him what he did after killing Lowe, he said that he could not remember anything because he had drunk heavily and consumed Valium after Lowe's death until he was arrested. He repeated that he had not killed the Damudes, and that he had come back to Singapore from Phuket to clear his conscience about Lowe's death. The prosecution cast doubt on Martin's claims of an inability to remember events clearly due to the effect of alcohol and drugs, pointing out how he could write such neat and similar hand writing replicas on the memo pad he used in Phuket to practice forging the Damudes' signatures.

DPP Jennifer Marie challenged Martin that his mysterious friend did not exist, and produced evidence of Martin having signed a River View Hotel restaurant bill on the night of 8 March (when Martin had said he was at the hotel of his 'friend' in Sentosa) to support this rebuttal. Martin claimed he attempted to call his friend at two different Sentosa hotels, the Beaufort and the Shangri La Rasa Sentosa Resort, but was informed his friend was no longer at either of them, and Martin's itemised bill from the River View Hotel confirmed he did in fact ring both hotels on the 10 March. Martin testified his friend rang him later that night to let him know he had moved to another hotel in Marina Centre, however he could not remember if it was the Marina Mandarin, the Oriental or the Pan Pacific hotel.

After this disclosure during Martin's cross examination, Assistant Superintendent Gerald Lim and his team approached all five hotels to obtain the names of all single male guests who checked in or out on 10 March 1995. This produced a list of 150 men who checked out of the Beaufort and the Shangri La Rasa Sentosa Resort on the day in question, that was then cross checked against the names of those who checked into the three Marina Centre hotels. ASP Lim testified that none of the names appeared on the check in register of any of the hotels, however he agreed with a defence lawyers observation that the results would not be conclusive if Martin's 'friend' had checked in under different names in each hotel.

Also, statements from two hotel chamber maids describing a "strange smell" in room 1511 when they made up the room between March 9 and March 11, along with a statement from a hotel security guard saying he witnessed Martin leaving the hotel with a large suitcase early on the morning of 11 March and then returning without it 15 minutes later, were used by the Prosecution to imply that Lowe's body was stored in the room for a number of days and then was disposed of by Martin himself.

The Prosecution alleged Martin had killed Lowe in order to rob him, not to ward off an unwanted sexual attack. Receipts from a shopping spree by Martin using Lowe's credit card was also cited as evidence of premeditation and a rebuttal of him "walking around in a dream world" after the murder. Martin had earlier testified that he had previously taken photocopies of other people's passports with his own photo attached so he could attempt to cash their traveller's cheques, which further underscored a financial motive for the murders.  DPP Jennifer Marie also highlighted similar fact evidence between the deaths of Shelia and Darin Damude in Thailand and the killing of Gerard Lowe in Singapore, as they rebutted Martin's defence of killing Lowe unintentionally by demonstrating how Martin stood to gain financially from their deaths. The similarities presented to the court included:

On 7 November, Judge T. S. Sinnathuray adjourned the trial for three days to consider his verdict. (Singapore abolished jury trials in 1969.) When the trial resumed, the judge was satisfied that the prosecution had made its case and dismissed Martin's version of events. He found Martin guilty and sentenced him to death. In his verdict, Justice Sinnathuray said:

Execution

Withdrawal of appeal
On 15 November 1995, Martin announced he would appeal against the sentence. He dropped the appeal without giving an explanation on 4 January 1996, four days before it was to have been heard. He turned down a subsequent chance to petition the President of Singapore for clemency, saying that he was impatient to be executed.

Martin's final days and words
In the days before his hanging, Martin wrote of an "emptiness" inside him and lamented that no one had loved him besides his family and his ex-wife María, in a series of misspelled notes (he was semi-literate):

He complained that in prison, "You are told every day that you are not a member of the uman rase [a misspelling of 'human race']." The week before he was due to hang, he dreamed that he had avoided the sentence by committing suicide:

Martin's mother remarked, "Whoever he is now, he's the person the prison service trained him to be. These bastards have no right to take my son's life. I brought him into the world. I am the only person who can take him out of it." However, no one formally protested against the hanging. The British government also decided to not submit a plea for clemency from the Singapore government.

Four days before his execution, in an interview with criminologist Christopher Berry-Dee, Martin described in detail how he murdered Gerard Lowe and then dismembered his body.

Last meal and hanging
on 19 April 1996, after a last meal of pizza and hot chocolate, 36-year-old John Martin Scripps was hanged in Changi Prison alongside Singaporean heroin traffickers Richard Low Gee Boon and Lee Meng Hong. On that day, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Royal Thai Police closed their files on the murders of Sheila and Darin Damude, declaring the case effectively solved.

When Martin's ex-wife María heard that he had been hanged, she said:

At the time of his execution, Martin became the first Briton to be executed in Singapore since the nation's independence from British colonial rule in 1959. He was also one of the first Europeans to receive the death penalty in Singapore.

Post-death coverage

In May 1996, Tan Ooi Boon, a reporter from The Straits Times who covered Martin's case from start to finish, wrote a book on the case, titled Body Parts: A British Serial Killer in Singapore. He wrote the book in three months using material he had prepared for the newspaper. It mixed fictional narrative with fact and described how Martin disposed of his victims' bodies.

In July 1996, the story of how Martin murdered Gerard Lowe, and the investigation that followed, was featured in an episode of the Singapore Crimewatch, which was shown on Television Corporation of Singapore's Channel 5 and Channel 8. In the episode, the real evidence of the case and actual photographs from the autopsy were shown, causing the series to be the first current affairs programme in Singapore to be given the PG (Parental Guidance) warning tag. Police justified their use of the photographs, saying that they wanted to "give an accurate account of the case to the public.". The story was also re-enacted in the last episode of the first season of MediaCorp TV's Channel 5 docu-drama True Files on 1 August 2002. The episode is currently viewable via meWATCH since 5 February 2016.

On 31 January 1997, eight police officers who made significant contributions towards Martin's conviction were awarded commemorative plaques by the High Commissioner for Canada in Singapore, Barry Carin.

On 26 April 2011, an Asian channel Crime & Investigation Network aired a documentary titled "The Garden City Butcher", which dramatised the events surrounding John Martins Scripps committing the murders in Singapore and Thailand, and his subsequent trial and execution.

See also
Johannes van Damme
Took Leng How
List of serial killers by country
Flor Contemplacion
Kho Jabing
Leong Siew Chor
Death sentence in Singapore
John Haigh, another executed British serial killer and con artist

References

1959 births
1995 murders in Singapore
1996 deaths
20th-century executions by Singapore
British people executed abroad
British prisoners sentenced to death
English people convicted of indecent assault
English people convicted of murder
English spree killers
Executed people from Hertfordshire
Executed spree killers
Identity theft incidents
Murder in Singapore
People convicted of murder by Singapore
People from Letchworth

John Martin Scripps


The y-intercept of a line on a graph is where the line touches (or intercepts) the y-axis (the numbered line going straight up).

The equation for straight lines is .  "" is the -intercept.

You can find the y-intercept of a graph by seeing where the x-coordinate equals 0. The y-coordinate of a point with a x-coordinate of 0 is the y-intercept.

Related pages
 Algebra

Algebra
Functions and mappings

Y-intercept


An Independent Democrat is someone who agrees or loosely agrees with the Democratic Party in the United States on many issues, but prefers not to call himself or herself a Democrat or be in the Party. Former Independent Democrats included Zadok Casey and Strom Thurmond. Harry F. Byrd, Jr., of Virginia would leave the Democratic Party in 1971, and would call himself an "Independent Democrat" from 1971 to 1983. A notable Independent Democrat is U.S. Senator and former Vice Presidential candidate Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut, who was kicked out of the Democratic Party when he formed "Connecticut for Lieberman" to get back in the Senate in 2006. Two incumbent Senators, Bernie Sanders and Angus King, were elected Independents in their respective states of Vermont and Maine but caucus with the Democrats. Independent Democrat is not a political party.

American people by political orientation

Independent Democrat


Attacks on a human or domestic pet by beavers are relatively uncommon but are becoming more frequently reported, as it is more common for humans to enter and disturb the natural habitat of these animals.

Beavers have been known to be extremely aggressive in defending their territory against perceived encroachment. They may attack humans when infected by rabies, and "can also become disoriented during the daytime and attack out of fear." Attacks on land and in water have been recorded for both Eurasian beavers and North American beavers. The trademark sharp front teeth of both species pose a particular danger, as they are long enough to pass through limbs and cause significant bleeding.

At least one beaver attack on a human is known to have been fatal: a 60-year-old fisherman in Belarus died in 2013 after a beaver bit open an artery in his leg. The incident was described by the media as "the latest in a series of beaver attacks on humans in the country," where a burgeoning beaver population has led to increased aggressive interactions with people. However, others criticized the victim, noting that he likely provoked the attack when he grabbed the beaver in an effort to take a photo with it.

Non-fatal attacks on humans have included: an attack on a saltwater snorkeler off the coast of Nova Scotia, which was unusual given that beavers are usually limited to fresh water; the mauling of an elderly woman in Virginia by a rabid beaver; an attack on a Boy Scout leader in Pennsylvania, after which members of the Scout troop killed the rabid animal by stoning; and an attack on a man swimming in Dobra River, Croatia. In 2021, an elderly Massachusetts man was also attacked by a beaver that left him with bites to his legs, hands and head.

Beaver attacks can also be fatal for domestic animals. A dog died during surgery after being bitten by a beaver in 2010 at University Lake in Alaska, where a number of unprovoked attacks against pets were recorded. A husky was killed by a beaver in Alberta, which has also had several non-fatal attacks.

Culture
A mid-1990s interview recounting a beaver attack is among the most frequently requested recordings from the archives of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Molson Canadian incorporated a beaver attack into an advertisement that portrayed a Canadian drinker's stereotypical pet attacking a mocking American in a bar.

References

Rodent attacks
Beavers

Beaver attack


John P. Connell (October 28, 1923 – September 10, 2015) was an American stage, television, film and voice actor. Born in Philadelphia, Connell served aboard a B-24 Liberator during World War II, for which he received a Purple Heart. He attended the University of Missouri School of Journalism upon his discharge from the Army Air Force and graduated in 1950.

Connell made his stage debut with the Henry Denker play Time Limit! and later acted in Uncle Willie.
Television appearances included multiple anthology series, such as Studio One in Hollywood, Kraft Television Theatre, Goodyear Playhouse, and The Alcoa Hour, though he was best known for his role as Dr. David Malone in Young Doctor Malone. Connell also wrote for The Secret Storm.

He had small roles in such films as Fail Safe (1964), Three Days of the Condor (1975), and Family Business (1989). He began doing voiceovers for advertisements in the 1960s, and represented Maxwell House, American Airlines, Xerox, and Procter & Gamble, among others.

Connell was a member of SAG-AFTRA's National Board of Directors for thirteen years and also served as editor of Reel, the magazine published by the union. He was also the founder of Shakespearean acting troupe Come Hither Players. He married his wife Mila in 1952, with whom he had two children. Connell died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
on September 10, 2015.

References

External links

1923 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male Shakespearean actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Male actors from Philadelphia
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Military personnel from Philadelphia
Missouri School of Journalism alumni
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II

John Connell (actor)


Decoction is a method of extraction by boiling herbal or plant material (which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes) to dissolve the chemicals of the material. It is the most common preparation method in various herbal-medicine systems. Decoction involves first drying the plant material; then mashing, slicing, or cutting the material to allow for maximum dissolution; and finally boiling in water to extract oils, volatile organic compounds and other various chemical substances. Occasionally, aqueous ethanol or glycerol may be used instead of water. Decoction can be used to make tisanes, tinctures and similar solutions. Decoctions and infusions may produce liquids with differing chemical properties, as the temperature or preparation difference may result in more oil-soluble chemicals in decoctions versus infusions. The process can also be applied to meats and vegetables to prepare bouillon or stock,
though the term is typically only used to describe boiled plant extracts, usually for medicinal or scientific purposes.

Decoction is also the name for the resulting liquid. Although this method of extraction differs from infusion and percolation, the resultant liquids can sometimes be similar in their effects, or general appearance and taste.

Etymology
The term dates back to 1350–1400 from the past participle stem of Latin  (meaning "to boil down"), from  ("from") +  ("to cook").

Use
In brewing, decoction mashing is the traditional method where a portion of the mash is removed to a separate vessel, boiled for a time and then returned to the main mash, raising the mash to the next temperature step.

In herbalism, decoctions are usually made to extract fluids from hard plant materials such as roots and bark. To achieve this, the plant material is usually boiled for 1–2 hours in 1-5 liters of water. It is then strained. Ayurveda also utilizes this method to create Kashayam-type herbal medicines.

For teas, decoction involves boiling the same amount of the herb and water that would be used for an infusion (one teaspoon per cup) for about five to ten minutes.

See also

 Concoction
 Percolation
 Infusion
 Maceration (food)
 Tincture
 Herbalism
 Coffee boiling

References

External links

 How To Make a Herbal Decoction  from unexplainable.net

Extraction (chemistry)
Herbalism
Biologically based therapies

Decoction


Mcgillite is a rare, monoclinic, pseudohexagonal mineral of the Pyrosmalite group, with the formula . It was first approved in 1979, and is named for McGill University.

Mcgillite is found in the Sullivan Mine, Kimberley, Kootenay district, British Columbia, Canada; the Kyurazawa mine, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan; and at one location in Romania. At the Sullivan mine, it forms as fracture fillings in a manganese-rich portion of quartzite and argillite within a metamorphosed lead-zinc deposit. It is pink in color.

References
 Handbook of Mineralogy
 DakotaMatrix entry
 Mindat.org entry

Monoclinic minerals

Mcgillite


The Yunus Centre, in Dhaka, Bangladesh is a think tank for issues related to social business, working in the field of poverty alleviation and sustainability. It is 'aimed primarily at promoting and disseminating Professor Yunus' philosophy, with a special focus on social business'.  it is chaired by Prof. Muhammad Yunus, and its executive director is Ms. Lamiya Morshed.

History
After Prof. Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank received the Nobel Peace Prize in October 2006, a personal office for Prof. Yunus under the name of 'Yunus Secretariat' was formed. From the very beginning on, the Yunus Secretariat was mainly aiming at promoting Prof. Yunus' philosophy of social business and served as a one-stop resource centre for anyone interested in social business.

In July 2008, it was renamed the Yunus Centre and continues to develop new social businesses, provide technical help to social business start-ups and liaise with anybody interested in the topic. They also publish a quarterly newsletter on new developments in the field of social business.

Activities
 Poverty-Free World campaign
Yunus Centre is working to promote the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in Bangladesh and all around the world and is especially committed for making Bangladesh free of poverty by 2030.

 Research and publications
Disseminating the ideas and philosophy of Prof. Yunus on social business and microfinance.

 Social business
Acting as the primary source of information on social businesses worldwide and providing consulting services to start-ups.
Its New Entrepreneur Project funded 385 projects in 2014.

The Global Social Business Summit
Created in 2009 by Yunus Centre and Grameen Creative Lab, the Global Social Business Summit has become the main platform for social businesses worldwide to encourage discussions, actions and collaborations in order to find effective solutions to crucial problems plaguing the world.

Academic programs
Developing curricula for classes on social business. Amongst other, current partnerships exist with Harvard University, HEC (Paris), the Asian Institute of Technology (Bangkok), Bocconi University (Milan) McGill University (Montreal), Glasgow University, University of Florence and University of Salford.

See also
 Muhammad Yunus
 Grameen Bank

References

External links
 The Yunus Centre - About the Yunus Centre
 Grameen Creative Lab - About Grameen Creative Lab

Think tanks based in Bangladesh
Social entrepreneurship
Economic development organizations
Muhammad Yunus

Yunus Centre


Arne Mastekaasa (born 1955) is a Norwegian sociologist.

He graduated from the University of Oslo with a mag.art. degree (PhD equivalent) in 1981, and took the dr.philos. degree in 1993. For a period he was a researcher at the Institute for Social Research, but he was hired at the University of Oslo in 1990 and is now a professor.

He has been the editor of Acta Sociologica from 1995 to 1997 and since 2010, and Sosiologisk tidsskrift from 2006 to 2009. He has been an editorial board member of Social Indicators Research from 1987 to 2003, Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning from 1990 to 1993 and Journal of Marriage and Family from 2003 to 2005. He was selected to the European Academy of Sociology in 2009 and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2011.

References

1955 births
Living people
Norwegian sociologists
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters

Arne Mastekaasa


, born as  and also known as , is a fictional character in the One Piece franchise created by Eiichiro Oda.

A native to the North Blue, Sanji grew up as part of the Vinsmoke family under his father Vinsmoke Judge, king of the Germa Kingdom, and mother Vinsmoke Sora. Living under a grueling father who only saw Sanji as a soldier, he escapes to Baratie where he learns to cook under "Red Leg" Zeff and learns his fighting style, which is characterized by the use of legs in combat. Sanji is the fifth member and the fourth to join Monkey D. Luffy's pirate crew as cook after the battle against Don Krieg.

Creation and conception
Early designs show that originally, Sanji was going to be a gun wielding black haired character named Naruto but that idea was scrapped.

Oda was inspired by Mr. Pink, Steve Buscemi's character in Reservoir Dogs (1992), when creating Sanji.

Design
Sanji is a tall, slender man who commonly wears a black suit and smokes a cigarette. Before the timeskip, Sanji is seen with his blonde hair covering his right eye however, after the timeskip, his hair covers his left eye. Before leaving his family, Sanji styled his hair in the opposite direction and wore a yellow shirt with a black number three on it. He also wore white pants, brown boots, and a yellow bandana. After leaving his family and still a child, he started wearing a white cook's uniform. Sanji grows a goatee during the timeskip, and concept art shows this was his original design.

Sanji's most distinctive feature is his eyebrows, which are characterized as swirls with the tail end pointing at his left side, opposite in direction in comparison to his siblings Ichiji, Niji, Yonji, and Reiju.

Oda revealed Sanji's real-world nationality would be a Frenchman, in contrast to the Nazi Germany themes of Germa 66.

Personality
Sanji is mostly seen as a composed, nonchalant, and calm individual who always keeps his cool when in dire situations. However, this is contrasted by the many comedic gags he partakes in, such as when in the presence of a lady or when insulted by a crew member. Most notably, Sanji and Zoro have a great rivalry, often resorting to fighting (both verbally and physically). However, even when engaging in discourse, they still find ways to help their crew and those around them, such as when they inadvertently save Toko from death.

Sanji is also known to have an enamored personality, constantly flirting with any attractive woman he sees, earning him the nickname "ero-cook". Even as a child, while working in Baratie, Sanji would become love-struck with attractive female customers and end up making mistakes in the process of cooking. He also shows jealousy towards those that he perceives to be luckier than him with women, such as when he sees Zoro with Hiyori. Despite this nature, Sanji exhibits some self-restraint due to his loyalty to his crew, as is shown by the fact that in spite of being attracted to Pudding, he sternly refused to marry her and decided to let her down gently. Moreover, due to this attitude and the multiple lectures from Zeff, Sanji follows his own strict set of personal morals in the form of chivalry. He has sworn to never attack women or let them be insulted, even at the cost of his own life and has gone so far as to only block against Kalifa, one of the main antagonists of the Enies Lobby Arc, until Nami could help him. However Sanji did not ask for help after growing up with an abusive biological father who never heeded his cries for help, Sanji never asks for help during the present-day series until the Wano Arc, where he asks Nico Robin to save him from a woman antagonist who he refuses to help. This is due to the greater vulnerability and acceptance of himself after Luffy saves him from an arranged marriage during the Whole Cake Island Arc.

Sanji is kind and often saves others in danger, even at the cost of his own safety. Oftentimes he frames this kindhearted nature as mere chivalry towards women, but in his actions he consistently helps men as well. Having suffered from starvation among the litany of abuse put upon him by his father, he never denies a person a meal regardless of their intentions, as shown when Don Krieg attempted to take over the Baratie during his introductory arc. Frequently during the series he separates himself from everyone else to play a clandestine role which subsequently helps the crew and other allies survive. In Water 7, Sanji separates from the crew and finds Nico Robin boarding the Puffing Tom on its way to Enies Lobby for her execution. In Thriller Bark, he offers to give up his life in exchange for Luffy's. In Zou, Sanji decided to leave the crew in order to confront his family and protect the Straw Hats from the Fire Tank Pirates. In Wano, Sanji asks for help from another for the first time when he asks Robin to save him.

Portrayals

In the original Japanese version of the One Piece anime series, Sanji is voiced by Hiroaki Hirata as an adult and Ikue Ōtani as a child.

In Odex's dubs of the first 104 episodes of One Piece in Singapore, Sanji was voiced by Joseph Murray and Paul Pistore. In the 4kids Entertainment's dub of the first 104 episodes of One Piece, Sanji was voiced by David Moo as an adult and by Veronica Taylor as a child. In Funimation Entertainment's dubs of the entire One Piece franchise, adult Sanji is voiced by Eric Vale with Christen Auten playing the role of child Sanji. In the Korean dub, he was formerly voiced by Park Hyun-wook from 2002 to 2011. In 2012, Sanji was now voiced by Lee Jung-hoon, Nami Sanji-kun's husband in the Korean dub.

Sanji is portrayed by British actor Taz Skylar in the live action adaptation of One Piece.

Abilities
When fighting, Sanji only ever relies on kicks, never punching opponents because of his belief that a cook's hands are important instruments for their craft, and thus must be protected from harm. Over the course of the series, Sanji utilizes attacks that are variations of kicks (deemed "Black Leg Style"), with the name of the attack usually having something to do with food, such as "Diable Jambe", wherein he raises the temperatures of his legs so high that they glow bright red. During his time on Momoiro Island, Sanji learns a move named "Sky Walk", which allows him to jump to great heights and to be able to float mid air by making sonic booms in the air behind him. Sanji is one of the few high-bounty individuals that has not consumed a Devil Fruit, fruits that give the consumer superhuman powers at the expense of becoming a dead weight in water. After Whole Cake Island, Sanji receives a Raid Suit gifted from Germa 66, the underground organization powering Germa Kingdom, which increases his physical capabilities and allows him to blend in with his environment. Though continued use of this suit awakened his inert genetic modifications, he ultimately accepted these modifications, giving him increased strength and speed, but chose to destroy the Raid Suit to cut his ties to his family permanently. He would later use his new abilities with Armament Haki to create "Ifrit Jambe", a more powerful version of Diable Jambe that uses blue-white flames.

Other than fighting skills, Sanji is also a well-renowned cook. He learned to cook under Zeff on the Baratie and has become quick and dexterous in his ability to use knives. He also has a strong sense of taste and smell, which is seen by being able to deduce the ingredients and being able to recreate the wedding cake on Whole Cake Island.

Haki
During the timeskip, he develops Observation Haki, which allows him to sense the intent and presence of others, such as when he was able to dodge a jelly bean bullet from Katakuri. He is also able to utilize Armament Haki, which allows him to harden parts of his body and be able to attack Logia users.

Appearances

One Piece manga
Born as a prince of Germa Kingdom, a floating kingdom composed of several ships on the shells of large snails,  is routinely ridiculed by his genetically enhanced sociopathic siblings and is locked away by his father Judge for being a disgrace. His appeals for help are met with disdain from Judge. With help from his sister Reiju, he escapes and flees Germa. On his way out, Sanji encounters his father, who tells him that if he is to run away, he must never tell anyone of his relation to the Germa, feeling shameful about their connection. Sanji eventually flees on a cruise ship known as the Orbit.

While serving as an apprentice cook on a passenger ship, nine-year-old Sanji stands up to a boarding party of pirates led by the infamous "Red Foot" Zeff. During the encounter, Sanji is swept into the sea by a massive wave. Zeff jumps in after him because of their common dream of finding the , a legendary area where the East, West, North, and South Blue seas meet, containing every kind of fish in the world. While castaways together, the pirate saves Sanji's life yet again by giving him all of their food. After their eventual rescue, Sanji stays with Zeff for several years and helps him build a floating restaurant, the . Zeff in turn makes him a first-rate cook and teaches him his kick-based fighting style. Mirroring Zeff, Sanji will never refuse a starving person a meal, and he uses only his legs when fighting to protect the hands he needs for cooking. He has a weakness for women and makes it a principle never to harm one, even if it means his death.

Eventually Sanji becomes infamous as . In Thriller Bark, he offers to give up his life in exchange for Luffy's. While training for a period of two years in Emporio Ivankov's , he develops the , a variant of the  technique , which allows him to essentially run through air. In Zou, Sanji is forced into an arranged marriage with the daughter of Big Mom, one of the Four Emperors. Sanji decides to leave the crew in order to confront his family and protect the Straw Hats from the Big Mom Pirates. However Luffy invades the Big Mom Pirates' Empire to save Sanji, but Sanji is unwilling to let his family, though he despises them, die in a trap laid out by Big Mom, who seeks their powerful technology. Luffy responds by acknowledging that such kindness is the heart of Sanji's character. Together they manage to save Sanji's family and escape Big Mom, earning bounty increases. Sanji is pleased that his bounty exceed's Zoro's, but angered at the inclusion of his surname in the poster. Sanji is also displeased to receive his own technologically enhanced Raid Suit from his family which grants him the ability to turn invisible.

In Wano, Sanji asks for help from another for the first time when he asks Robin to save him from a woman enemy he is unwilling to fight. This is the first time Sanji asks for help in the present-day series from someone else. Later he realizes using the Raid Suit began to awaken dormant genetic enhancements that his mother suppressed years ago. He had gained an exoskeleton, a superhuman physical constitution, accelerated healing, increase in strength and speed which enhanced his fighting style immensely and his skin has become bulletproof. Sadly, this had dampened his emotions as well when he realized he had hurt a woman unknowingly who unintentionally got his way and became extremely afraid of him but that was not the case, as it is confirmed by Sanji, that Queen used his invisibility to make it look like he did the beating. Fearing he is losing his heart and humanity, he destroys the Raid Suit canister, freeing himself from Germa's influence for good and stopping him from losing more of himself.

In other media
The creators of Food Wars, Yūto Tsukuda and Shun Saeki, created a set of spinoff one-shots titled Shokugeki no Sanji, with the first installment being published in 2018 to celebrate One Piece's 21st anniversary. There are currently four installments and the spinoffs are short stories detailing different cooking competitions that Sanji partakes in, as well as going into detail about his training in Okama Island.

A cookbook titled One Piece: Pirate Recipes was published by Shueisha in November 2012. The book is attributed to Sanji himself and includes various One Piece-themed cooking recipes. A localization by Viz Media was announced in February 2021, and released on November 23, 2021.

Sanji has also been featured in varying forms of merchandise. For instance, many figurines have been produced, with one example being the Sanji figure in the One Piece Locations Trading Figures series. In 2012, the French Luxury brand S.T Dupont collaborated on their 140th anniversary with Eiichiro Oda to recreate Sanji's iconic "Sleeping Mermaid" gold lighter.

Statues have also been erected in Sanji's honor. A bronze statue of Sanji was dedicated in Mashiki, Kumamoto as part of the Kumamoto Revival Project to help with healing after the 2016 earthquakes in the area. In the Nagoya location of the One Piece Mugiwara Store, a statue of Sanji stands next to artwork from the show. In "Sanji's Oresama Restaurant," one of the Tokyo One Piece Tower's restaurants, a statue of Sanji can be seen as part of a feast with the rest of the crew.

Reception

Popularity
In the Shōnen Jump One Piece popularity polls, Sanji was ranked fourth in the first poll (1999) and third for the three subsequent polls (2002, 2006, 2009). In the most recent poll (2021), which was the first polled held worldwide, Sanji was ranked the fourth most popular character with 970,286 votes.

Critical response
Dyler Crews wrote how "Sanji has all of the tangibles to be one of the undisputed best characters in the entire series. His origin, powers, and style make him an easy favorite among One Piece fans. Still, his strange obsession with women pushes other fans away. The lecherous hero is as foundational to the shonen manga genre as gaudy transformations. Sanji is the most visible in a long line of problematic and confounding characters to express this annoyingly immature personality type".

Eric Vale's work with Sanji nominated him for the "Voice Actor of the Year" award in the Behind the Voice Actor Awards from 2015. Daniel Dockery, a senior staff writer for Crunchyroll, argued that Sanji has one of the best character introductions in anime. Ritwik Mitra of GameRant placed Sanji as the best comedy relief character in shōnen anime, citing his attempts at courting women and conflicts with his crew mate Roronoa Zoro as a source of humor. Mitra adds that Sanji is also a significant part in "some of the most iconic non-comedy moments", which he believes to be reason for his popularity.

References

Anime and manga characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Anime and manga characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Anime and manga characters with superhuman senses
Anime and manga characters with superhuman strength
Fictional sea pirates
Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities
Vigilante characters in comics
Male characters in anime and manga
Comics characters introduced in 1998
Fictional characters who can turn invisible
Fictional chefs
Fictional genetically engineered characters
Fictional princes
Martial artist characters in anime and manga
One Piece characters
Teenage characters in anime and manga

Sanji (One Piece)


Abraham de la Pryme (15 January 1671 – 12 June 1704) was an English antiquary.

Life
Abraham de la Pryme was born to French Huguenot parents, Matthias de la Pryme and Sarah Smague (or Smagge) at Hatfield in 1671. Despite his father's desire that he should attend the University of Glasgow and then become a Presbyterian minister, de la Pryme insisted on attending the University of Cambridge, becoming a pensioner of St John's College in 1690. Here de la Pryme devoted much of his time to natural history, chemistry, and magic before receiving his BA in 1693–1694.

He became curate of Broughton but resigned in 1696 with intention of writing a history of Hatfield: In 1698 he was appointed curate of Holy Trinity Church, Hull, and in 1701 he was appointed by the Duke of Devonshire to the position of curate at Thorne. Whilst visiting the sick there he became ill and died in 1704. He was buried at Hatfield.

De la Pryme began keeping a diary—Ephemeris Vitae: A Diary of My Own Life—at the age of twelve and continued it until his death. This diary was published by the Surtees Society in 1870. Whilst writing his history of Hatfield, de la Pryme began to correspond with Sir Hans Sloane and the antiquary Thomas Gale. Whilst at Hull he amassed material for a history of that city. Unfinished at his death, the two volume work was finally published in 1986. In 1701 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, having communicated with the Society on topics as varied as archaeology, natural history, and meteorology.

Works
 "A Letter from the Reverend Mr Abraham de la Pryme, to the Very Reverend Dr G. D. of Y. and F. R. S. concerning Some Roman Antiquities in Lincolnshire", Philosophical Transactions 22 (1700): pp. 561–567
 "A Letter of the Reverend Mr Abr. de la Pryme to the Publisher, concerning Broughton in Lincolnshire, with His Observations on the Shell-Fish Observed in the Quarries about That Place", Philosophical Transactions 22 (1700): pp. 677–687
 "Part of a Letter from the Reverend Mr Abraham Dela Pryme to the Publisher, concerning Trees Found Under Ground in Hatfield Chace", Philosophical Transactions 22 (1700): pp. 980–992
 "Extracts of Two Letters from the Reverend Mr Abraham de la Pryme, F. R. S, to the Publisher, concerning Subterraneous Trees, the Bitings of Mad Dogs, etc.", Philosophical Transactions 23 (1702): pp. 1073–1077
 "Part of a Letter to the Publisher, from the Reverend Mr. Abr. de la Pryme, Giving an Account of Some Observations He Made concerning Vegetation", Philosophical Transactions 23 (1702): pp. 1214–1216
 "Part of a Letter from the Reverend Mr Abraham de la Pryme, F. R. S. to the Publisher, concerning a Spout Observed by Him in Yorkshire", Philosophical Transactions 23 (1702): pp. 1243–1248
 "Part of a Letter from the Reverend Mr Abraham de la Pryme F. R. S. to the Publisher, concerning a Spout Lately Observed by Him in Hatfield", Philosophical Transactions 23 (1702): pp. 1331–1332
 The Diary of Abraham de la Pryme, the Yorkshire Antiquary, edited by Charles Jackson. Publications of the Surtees Society volume 54, Durham: Andrews and Company, 1870.
 A History of Kingston upon Hull. Hull: Kingston upon Hull City Council and Malet Lambert High School, 1986

References

 Fletcher, J.S., 1921, Yorkshiremen of the Restoration. London: George Allen and Unwin.

1671 births
1704 deaths
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
18th-century English people
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
English antiquarians
English archaeologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Huguenots

Abraham de la Pryme


Vee Guthrie (July 27, 1920—July 6, 2012) was an American illustrator of children's books and cookbooks.

Life and career
Viola May Guthrie was born on July 27, 1920, in Fort Smith, Arkansas, to parents Matthew Hardin Guthrie and Flora Guthrie (née Flora Hawthorn Taft). She had ancestry from Scotland and was related to the American colonial Guthries that descended from Clan Guthrie. She grew up in Long Island, New York. Guthrie graduated from The Women's College of Middlebury in 1942 with a Bachelor of Arts in American literature and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She also studied at the Art Students League of New York.

In 1944, she worked as an engineering aid at Grumman Aircraft in Long Island, New York. During World War II, she became an officer of the WAVES and was stationed at the Philadelphia Navy Yard until 1946, when she was discharged. She then attended the Rhode Island School of Design with the support of the GI Bill.

While living in Scarsdale, New York, she illustrated the 1957 book Let's Go to The Library, written by Naomi Buchheimer. Guthrie previously illustrated another book in the series, titled Let's Take a Trip to a Firehouse, also written by Buchheimer. The books were meant to supplement schools taking field trips to community service locations.

Guthrie illustrated the children's book titled Cooking Fun (1960), which was written by her sister, Barbara Guthrie McDonald. She illustrated another book by her sister, a cookbook titled Casserole Cooking Fun.

She illustrated various children's books, including Golly and the Gulls (1962), written by Ruth Harnden, and A Sight of Everything (1963), written by Dorothea J. Snow. She also illustrated covers for Child Life Magazine, and created illustrations for arithmetic books, song books and holiday cookbooks. She specifically created holiday cookbooks for the Peter Pauper Press.

In 1964, the book The High Pasture, written by Ruth P. Harnden and illustrated by Guthrie, won the Children's Book Committee Award from Bank Street College.

In 1969, Guthrie was a first grade teacher in Claverack, New York.

Guthrie lived with author Ruth Harnden in Plymouth, Massachusetts near the shore of the Billington Sea.

Guthrie died on July 6, 2012.

Works
 Recipes Mothers Used to Make (c. 1952), compiled by Edna Beilenson
 Book of Christmas Carols (c. 1952)
 The Holiday Cook Book and The Holiday Drink Book (c. 1952)
 Holiday Cookies (c. 1956), compiled by Edna Beilenson
 Benjamin Lucky, written by Miriam E. Mason. Macmillan, 1956.
 Freddy, written by Miriam E. Mason. Macmillan, 1957.
 A Small Farm for Andy, written by Miriam E. Mason. Macmillan, 1958.
 Cooking Fun (1960), written by Barbara Guthrie McDonald
 Jim and His Monkey (c. 1960), written by Bianca Bradbury
 Aesop with a Smile (c. 1960), written by Ernestine Cobern Beyer
 Golly and the Gulls (1962), written by Ruth Harnden
 The Story of Little Big (1962), written by Ernestine Cobern Beyer
 A Sight of Everything (1963), written by Dorothea J. Snow
 The High Pasture (c. 1964), written by Ruth Harnden
 Make Room for Rags (c. 1965), written by Laura Bannon
 Casserole Cooking Fun (c. 1967), written by Barbara Guthrie McDonald
 Animals from A to Z (c. 1969), written and illustrated by Vee Guthrie

References

External links

 Obituary

American illustrators
American women illustrators
1920 births
2012 deaths
American children's book illustrators
WAVES personnel
Middlebury College alumni
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
21st-century American women

Vee Guthrie


Regression is a word used in psychology on defense mechanism. It means the act of reversing the ego into an earlier state which allows one to avoid dealing with impulses in a mature manner.

A common example of regression is "curling up into a ball" (also known as the fetal position) when stressed, ill, or wounded.

Psychology

Regression (psychology)