Ebenezer Syme (15 September 1825 – 13 March 1860) was a Scottish-Australian journalist, proprietor and manager of The Age.

Syme was born at North Berwick, Scotland, third son of George Alexander Syme, schoolmaster, and his wife Jean, née Mitchell. Ebenezer Syme's younger brother was David Syme. Ebenezer studied theology at the University of St Andrews to be educated for the ministry but finding difficulties in accepting the creeds of the day became an unattached evangelist, working in Liverpool, Manchester, other north country industrial towns and in Scotland. Syme also began to write for the reviews and succeeded George Eliot as assistant editor of the Westminster Review. Syme married Jane Hilton, née Rowan, of Manchester, on 21 April 1848.

In April 1853, partly for health reasons, Syme, his wife and three young sons sailed for Australia in the Abdalla. They landed in Melbourne on 17 July 1853 and Syme soon found work as a journalist. When the Age was founded in 1854 Syme joined the staff and two years later, the paper being in difficulties, it was sold to him and his brother, David. Ebenezer Syme was elected member for Loddon in November 1856 in the  Legislative Assembly of Victoria, but as this conflicted with his journalistic work he did not stand again when his term expired in 1859. Syme joined in the struggle for the opening up of the lands. Syme's health, however, began to suffer and he died after a lingering illness on 13 March 1860. He was survived by his wife, four sons and a daughter; they all returned to England, but all the children later returned to Victoria. One son, Joseph Cowen Syme, was for many years part proprietor and manager of The Age.  A granddaughter, Eveline Winifred Syme (1888–1961), was a notable Australian artist.  His most notable legacy, The Age, would remain in his family's hands until 1983.

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
 Joseph Cowen Syme (1852-1916) Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery (Vic)
 Sir Geoffrey Syme  "Sir Geoffrey Syme Journalist & Managing Editor of The Age from 1908 until 1942"

1825 births
1860 deaths
Journalists from Melbourne
The Age (Melbourne) people
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
19th-century Australian journalists
19th-century Australian male writers
19th-century male writers
19th-century Australian politicians
Australian male journalists
People from North Berwick

Ebenezer Syme


A garbage bag, bin bag, rubbish bag (British English), bin liner, trash bag (American English) or refuse sack is a bag that can be thrown away. It can be used to contain solid waste. Most garbage bags today are made out of plastic. They are usually black, white, or green in color.

Plastic bags are an easy and clean way of handling garbage. Plastic garbage bags are fairly light. They are useful for messy or wet rubbish. They are also used for wrapping up garbage to reduce it's smell. Plastic bags are often used for lining waste bins.

It was in invented in 1950 by Canadians Harry Wasylyk, Larry Hansen and Frank Plomp. In a special on CBC Television, the green garbage bags (first garbage bags in Canada) ranked 36th among the top 50 Canadian inventions.
The black plastic bags (the first garbage bags in the United States), are also introduced in 1950.

Plastic bags can be burned with the garbage inside them in the right facilities for waste-to-energy conversion. Some can decompose under specific conditions.

Colors
Trash bags or Trash liners usually come in different colors. However, these colors are not just made to make the trashes look good for the eyes. The colors usually show what kind of trash is supposed to go in them.
Here are the meanings of the colors of the trash bags we see around:

1.Black – is generally for non-biodegradable, non-infectious garbage such as plastic cans, Styrofoams, candy wrappers, etc.

2.Green – is for biodegradable materials like left-over foods, vegetable and fruit peelings, leaves, twigs, etc.

3.Red – is commonly used in hospitals for bio-hazardous wastes such as syringe with blood, test tubes, human wastes, etc.

4.Blue – is usually used for industrial materials such as glass, heavy plastics, etc.

5.Clear – is normally used to hold recyclable products like cans, bottles, papers, etc.

References

Containers
Waste management

Garbage bag


The Hebrew Bible, which is also called the Tanakh is the Biblical canon of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. These texts are almost exclusively in Hebrew, with a few passages in Aramaic.

It means the same as the Jewish Tanakh and the Protestant Old Testament, but does not include the deuterocanonical portions of the Roman Catholic Old Testament and is meant for the text only, not for naming, numbering or ordering of books (what both Tanakh and Old Testament do).

Hebrew Bible is a term that refers to the common portions of the Jewish canon and the Christian canons. In its Latin form, Biblia Hebraica, it is used as a title for printed editions of the masoretic text.

The "Tawrat" () is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to be given by God (Allah) to prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible.

Usage
On the one hand, the term "Hebrew Bible" is not often used among adherents of either Judaism or Christianity. On the other hand, it is widely used in academic writing and interfaith discussion.

References

Further reading

 Kuntz, John Kenneth. The People of Ancient Israel: an introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought, Harper and Row, 1974.
Nothing old about it by Shmuley Boteach (Jerusalem Post, November 28, 2007).

Other websites
A Hebrew Bible from around the year 1300

Hebrew Bible


Maurice Aurilius Stovall (born February 21, 1985) is a former American football wide receiver and tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Notre Dame.

He has also been a member of the Detroit Lions and Jacksonville Jaguars.

Early years
Stovall grew up in Philadelphia and went to Archbishop John Carroll High School. Following his high school career, he played in the 2002 U.S. Army All-American Bowl.

College career
After being chosen to USA Today's first-team high school All-American list, Stovall chose to attend the University of Notre Dame. He did not start as a freshman, but played in all 13 games that season, finishing the year with 18 catches including three touchdown receptions. He was also featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated early that year. He played in every game in 2003 as well, with slightly improved statistics. However, during that year as well as 2004, Stovall was remembered more for frequently dropping potential catches rather than the plays he made. This was noted not just by fans, but also by head coach Tyrone Willingham, who benched him for three games mid-season in 2004. That year, Stovall only had one touchdown catch, and many wondered if his career would be finished after his senior season.

When Charlie Weis became Notre Dame's coach prior to the 2005 season, he sought to get Stovall back to his freshman year form. This included asking the receiver to shed about 15 pounds in the offseason. After cutting his weight to about 220, Stovall became a major player in Weis' pro-style offense. Starting every game, Stovall caught 11 touchdowns, some of them requiring acrobatics, and nearly broke Tom Gatewood's school record for single-season receiving yards. He did set new records that season for single-game receptions (14) and touchdowns (4) against BYU. After this breakout senior season, Stovall was predicted to be drafted somewhere in the 2nd to 4th rounds.

Professional career

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Stovall was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round of the 2006 NFL Draft. A deeply religious man, he made the sign of the cross as he hauled in his first career touchdown pass against the Detroit Lions in week 7 of the 2007 NFL season. He is a competent and accomplished gunner on special teams. His former head coach Jon Gruden gave him the nickname "Gunner Stovall". In 2009, he had a career year, catching 24 passes for 366 yards in seven starts. He scored a 38-yard touchdown against the Dolphins.

Detroit Lions
On August 1, 2011, Stovall signed with the Detroit Lions.

On June 5, 2012 Stovall returned to the Lions signing a one-year deal. On August 31, 2012, Stovall was officially cut by the Lions organization.

Jacksonville Jaguars
Stovall was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on September 19, 2012. He was waived on December 4, 2012.

Coaching career
In 2016, Stovall joined the IMG Academy football team as their wide receivers coach.

References

1985 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
American football tight ends
Players of American football from Philadelphia
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Detroit Lions players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Archbishop John Carroll High School alumni

Maurice Stovall


Selenoprotein W is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPW1 gene.

Function

This gene encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. This protein shows highest expression in skeletal muscle and heart, and may be involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. A retroprocessed pseudogene, SEPW1P, has been identified and mapped to chromosome 1p35-34.

References

Further reading

External links

Selenoproteins

SEPW1


Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (February 13, 1835 – May 26, 1908), was a 19th-century religious leader. He founded the Ahmadiyya movement within Islam. According to Ahmadi doctrine, he was the last prophet, as well as the Mahdi and the Messiah. He is believed by Ahmadis to be the Mujaddid of the 14th Islamic century.

Biography

Early life
Ghulam was born in Qadian, Punjab in India in 1835 the surviving child of twins born to a rich family. He is reported to have spent a lot of time in the mosque and with the study of the Qur'an and his religion, Islam. This did not lead him to fulfill his father's wishes of his son becoming a lawyer or civil servant. He did attempt to become a lawyer but failed the test. In his course of studying religious topics, he would often interact with many Muslims, non-Muslims, and with Christian missionaries whom he would engage in debates.

Prior to his claim
When Ghulam was thirty-five years old his father died. At this time Ghulam claimed that God had begun communicating with him, often through direct revelation. Initially, Ghulam's writings from this time were intended to counter what he perceived to be anti-Islamic writings originating from various Christian missionary groups. He also focused on countering the effects of various groups such as the Brahmo Samaj. During this period of his life he was well received by the Islamic clerics of the time.

Post claim
As time progressed, his writings began to exhibit his claims of being the mujaddid or reformer of his era. These writings were compiled in one of his most well-known works: Barahin Ahmadiyya, a work consisting of 5 volumes while originally planned 50 volumes. He explained that since there is only a dot difference between 50 & 5, therefore his promise was fulfilled. In later volumes, he would essentially claim to be the messiah of Islam. This proved and continues to be very controversial, as traditional Islamic thought holds that Jesus is the Messiah, who himself will return in the flesh at the end of times. Ghulam countered this by claiming that Jesus was dead, and had in fact escaped crucifixion and died in India. According to Ghulam, the promised Mahdi was a spiritual, not military leader as is believed by most Muslims. With this proclamation, he also began to step away from the traditional idea of militant Jihad, and redefined it as a "spiritual" battle rather than a physical one. In addition to these controversial claims, he would later claim that Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru, was in fact a Muslim.

These writings began to turn the general Muslims ulema (religious clerics) against him, and he was often branded as a heretic. Some accused Ghulam of working for the British who were trying to use him to remove the concept of Jihad from Indian Muslims.

Ghulam founded the Ahmadiyya movement in 1889. He claimed that the Ahmadiyya Movement stood in the same relation to Islam, as Christianity stood to Judaism at the time of Jesus. The mission of the movement according to Ghulam was the prorogation of what he considered to be Islam in its pristine form. Mirza Ghulam's teachings which differed from other Muslims of the time can be summarized as follows:
 That Muhammad is the last prophet to bring a new law/religion but not the last prophet altogether... and Prophethood within the Islamic dispensation is continued after him, and that he himself was a Prophet besides claimant of Imam mehdi and massiah.
 The Qur'an has no contradictions (or abrogations), and has precedence over the Hadith or traditions; i.e., that one verse of the Qur'an does not cancel another and that no Hadith can contradict a verse of the Qur'an. Hadith that appear to contradict the Qu'ran are not accepted by Ahmadi Muslims.
 Jesus (called Yuz Asaf) was crucified and survived the 4 hours on the cross, then was revived from a swoon in the tomb. He died in Kashmir of old age whilst seeking the "Lost Tribes of Israel".
 That Jihad can only be used to protect against extreme religious persecution, not as a political weapon or an excuse for rulers to invade neighbouring territories.
 That the "Messiah" and "Imam Mahdi" are the same person, and that Islam will defeat the Anti-Christ or Dajjal in a period similar to the period of time it took for nascent Christianity to rise (300 years). Mainstream Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified, but made to look as though he had been, and that he ascended to heaven from where he will return personally in the flesh to revive Islam.

Mirza Ghulam is widely acknowledged to have devoted his life to furthering the cause of his movement and countering allegations of heresy against his person till his death at Lahore in 1908.

Origin of name
The Ahmadiyya movement in Islam was founded in 1889, but the name Ahmadiyya was not adopted until about a decade later. In a manifesto dated November 4, 1900, the founder explained that the name referred to Ahmad, the alternative name of the prophet Mohammed. According to him, 'Mohammed', which means 'the praised one', refers to the glorious destiny of the prophet who adopted the name from about the time of the Hegira; but 'Ahmad' stands for the beauty of his sermons, and for the peace that he was destined to establish in the world through his teachings. According to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, these names thus refer to two aspects of Islam, and in later times it was the latter aspect that commanded greater attention. In keeping with this, he believed, his object was to establish peace in the world through the spiritual teachings of Islam. He believed that his message had special relevance for the Western world which according to him had descended into materialism.

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's legacy
One of the main sources of dispute during his lifetime and continuing since then is Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's use of the terms "Nabi" (prophet) and "Rasool" (messenger) when referring to himself. Muslims consider the Prophet Muhammad to be the last of the prophets and believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's use of these terms is a violation of the concept of "finality of prophet hood". His followers fall into two camps in this regard: the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, who believe in a literal interpretation of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's prophethood (with some qualifications), and the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, who believe in a symbolic interpretation of these two terms. This among other reasons caused a split in the movement soon after Ahmad's death.

Followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad have faced relentless persecution of various types over the years. In 1974, the Pakistani parliament amended the Pakistani constitution to declare Ahmadi Muslims as non-Muslims for purposes of the constitution of the Islamic Republic. In 1984, a series of changes in the Pakistan Penal Code sections relating to blasphemy that, in essence, made it illegal for Ahmadis to preach their religion openly as Islam, leading to 1000s of arrests and prosecutions.

Related pages
 Ahmadi
 Islam
 Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
 Ahmadiyya Muslim Community

Sources and references

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
 Official Website of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
 Complete List of the Works of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

1835 births
1908 deaths
Indian Islamic religious leaders
New religious movements

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad


The 2009 Shelby 427 was the third race of the 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup season. This  long race took place on March 1 of that year at the  Las Vegas Motor Speedway in the namesake Nevada city. The race was won by Kyle Busch.

The race was telecast by Fox with a radio broadcast by Performance Racing Network (terrestrial) and Sirius XM Radio (satellite).

The race title reflects the new title sponsor, Carroll Shelby International, which has its home base at LVMS, and the Shelby Cobra 427, which is made in Nevada. The race had previously been  in length, but will as of 2009 have an extra  added into the race name which equates to an addition of 18 laps, meaning that the race will now be a 285-lap duration. The race would return to 400.5 miles in 2010 and beyond.

Entry list

Qualifying
Kyle Busch won the pole for the Shelby 427 at a new track record of 185.995 mph.  The remainder of the top 10 were Kyle's brother Kurt Busch (185.707 mph), Jimmie Johnson(185.688 mph), David Reutimann (185.624 mph), Marcos Ambrose (185.459 mph), Ryan Newman (185.395 mph), Kasey Kahne (185.382 mph), Mark Martin (185.312 mph), Kevin Harvick (185.280 mph), Tony Stewart (185.217 mph).

Full qualifying results

Pre-race
The Las Vegas Motor Speedway chaplain, Joe Freiburger gave the invocation. Jersey Boys performed the national anthem and Carroll Shelby gave the command to start engines.

Race recap
Toyota cars #00, 18 (polesitter), 47, 82, 83 were sent to the back of the field because of engine changes.

Kurt Busch and Jimmie Johnson led the field to the green flag. Johnson led the first lap; Brad Keselowski hit the wall out of turn 4 causing a flat tire and the first caution of the day. Matt Kenseth reported engine trouble, came onto pit road where his crew fixed the problem, but Kenseth was too fast exiting pit road. Kenseth was served the penalty of restarting from the tail end of the field.

Restart on lap 6 with Johnson, Ku. Busch, Harvick, Newman, and Stremme in the Top 5. Daytona 500 winner and point leader Kenseth's engine blew on the front stretch on lap 7 while Todd Bodine spun out of turn 2 after a slight contact from behind by Hamlin. Second caution of the day. Keselowski got the luck dog free pass.

Restart on lap 11. No change in positions in the Top 5. As of lap 19, Carl Edwards was in 9th from starting 16th, Montoya was running in 8th from the 23rd starting position, and Kyle Busch was in 30th after starting from the back. Johnson continued to lead laps since the first lap. Brad Keselowski drove his car to the garage on lap 36. Within 50 laps since the start of the race, Jamie McMurray gained 19 positions, Gordon and Reutimann moved up 16 positions, Biffle gained 15 positions, and Vickers gained 14 positions. Green flag pit stops ensued on lap 48. Earnhardt, Jr. was served a pass through penalty for being too fast exiting pit road. Regan Smith and Casey Mears were also served the pass through penalty for entering too fast on pit road. Edwards and Kyle Busch each led two laps and Logano led a lap during the green flag pit stops.

Caution would come out on lap 60 for debris on the track. Newman won the lucky dog free pass. Kahne, Waltrip, Hamlin and others entered pit road during the caution.  John Andretti, David Gilliland, Scott Speed, Clint Bowyer, Earnhardt, Jr., Regan Smith, Todd Bodine, A.J. Allmendinger, Robby Gordon, Martin Truex, Jr., and Elliott Sadler were a lap down when the caution flag was waved.

Restart on lap 65 with Johnson, Edwards, Kurt Busch, Harvick and Biffle in the top five. McMurray, running in 13th, was hit from behind by Logano and slid out of turn 2, but maintained control. No caution. McMurray dropped to 26th as a result. Lap 74, Regan Smith came on pit road with engine troubles. Fourth caution of the day. Clint Bowyer got the free pass. During the round of pit stops, Harvick, Stewart, and Montoya gain four positions, Gordon and Hamlin gain five spots, Mark Martin gain two spots, Kurt Busch lost four spots, Jeff Burton and Kyle Busch gained six positions and Johnson, taking four tires, lost nine spots.

Restart on lap 83 with Harvick, Stewart, Biffle, Jeff Gordon, Mark Martin, Kurt Busch, Burton, Montoya, Hamlin, and Johnson in the top ten. In two laps, Biffle took in the lead from Harvick. Lap 90, Jeff Gordon took second place from Harvick. Brad Keweloski returned to the track 57 laps down in the 42nd position. Lap 95, Edwards made contact to Stremme's left rear quarter panel, sending Stremme spinning out of turn 2. Fifth caution of the race. Earnhardt, Jr. got the free pass. Harvick lost two spots, Burton gain three positions, Amirola gained fourteen spots, and Bowyer gained eight spots during the round of pit stops. Biffle and former teammate Mark Martin stayed on the track.

Restart on lap 100 with Biffle, Mart Martin, Jeff Gordon, Kurt Bush, and Johnson in the top five. Bowyer and Montoya, running in 14th, made contact entering turn 1. No caution. Montoya entered pit road and exited in the 27th position. Lap 122, Mark Martin, running in 4th, blew the engine bring the sixth caution. Martin Truex, Jr. got the free pass. During the pitstop round, Jonson and McMurray gained two spots and Biffle and Stewart lost two positions. Kasey Kahne stayed out to lead a lap before entering pit road.

Johnson, Jeff Gordon, Biffle, McMurray, Burton, Stewart, Harvick, Kyle Busch, Hamlin, and Hornish, Jr. were in the top ten during the restart on lap 131. Seventh caution on lap 138 when Reed Sorenson lost control exiting turn 2 and hit the outside wall of the backstretch; Robby Gordon got the lucky dog free pass. Hornish, Jr. entered pit road from the 10th position. The field restarted on lap 143 with Johnson as the leader. Amirola hit the outside wall in turn 3 then slowed on the backstretch where Kasey Kahne tried to avoid hitting Amirola's car. Kahne slid off the track, making slight contact with Amirola. Menard, Bobby Labonte, and Robby Gordon, from the end of the lead lap, made pit stops.

Restart on lap 149 with Johnson, Jeff Gordon, Biffle, Stewart, and Kyle Busch in the top five. Jeff Gordon took the lead away from Johnson in two laps. On lap 160, Jeff Gordon let his 20,000th Sprint Cup lap, (7th all-time record). Lap 164, Waltrip, running in the 20th position, lost control in turn 4, hit the outside wall. Eighth caution; David Gilliland got the free pass. During the round of pitstops, Burton gained seven spots, Bobby Labonte moved up twelve spots, Vickers moved up thirteen spots, Martin Truex, Jr. gained fourteen spots, Biffle lost two, and Jeff Gordon and Jimmie Johnson both lost five spots.

Restart on lap 169 with Burton, Bobby Labonte, Vickers, Truex, Jr., Biffle, Jeff Gordon, Johnson, Kyle Busch, Stewart, and Edwards in the top ten. One lap later, Hamlin, running in 13th, lost control between turn 3 and 4, sliding across the outside wall, bring out the tenth caution. John Andretti got the free pass. The field restarted on lap 175 with Burton in the lead. Jimmie Johnson took second from Bobby Labonte on lap 187.

Eleventh caution on lap 220, Jeff Gordon missed the entrance to pit road and blew his left front tire causing damage during green flag pitstops. Edwards beat Labonte off pit road for the second position, but Edwards' crew missed placing a lugnut. Burton maintains the lead off pit road. Jimmie Johnson slid on then past his pitbox. Dave Gilliland got the free pass for the second time. The field restarted on lap 228 with Burton, Labonte, Kyle Busch, Vickers, and Ruetimann in the top five. Kyle Busch, the pole winner, took the lead from Burton in less than one lap.

Twelfth caution for debris (new race record) on lap 259. Sam Hornish, Jr. got the free pass. Clint Bowyer stayed on the track as the field entered pit road: Burton moved up five spots, Jeff Gordon gained seven spots, Kyle Busch lost two positions, and Labonte and Vickers both lost four positions. Labonte and Johnson nearly collided as Labonte was leaving his pit box and Johnson was entering his.

Restart on lap 264 with Bowyer, Burton, Jeff Gordon, Kyle Busch, Reutimann, Edwards, Labonte, Vickers, Kahne, and McMurray in the top ten. In two laps, Kyle Busch was in third behind Bowyer and Burton. Lap 267, Kyle Busch took second from Burton out of turn 2. In the next lap, Kyle Busch took the lead from Bowyer out of turn 2. Caution for the thirteenth time on lap 269 after Menard, racing between Amborise and Logano, lost control and hit the outside wall out of turn 4. Harvick got the free pass. From the end of the lead lap, Earnhardt, Jr., Robby Gordon, Hornish, Jr. and Gilliland made pitstops.

The field restarted on lap 278 with Kyle Busch, Burton, Bowyer, Reutimann, Jeff Gordon, Edwards, Labonte, Vickers, McMurray and Jimmie Johnson in the top ten. Caution a lap later; Jimmie Johnson, running in 10th, lost control in turn 2 and hit the outside wall, damaging the front right and back right end. Restart on lap 282 with Kyle Busch as the leader. Two laps to go, Bowyer passed teammate Burton for second as Edwards's engine blew. Edwards managed to keep his car away the field; no caution. Kyle Busch, who started from the back from pole position, took the checkered flag for the first time in the season.

Clint Bowyer finished second ahead of Richard Childress Racing teammate Jeff Burton. David Reutimann was in fourth, his first career top 5 finish in the Cup series. Bobby Labonte, in fifth, had the highest-finishing Ford. Jamie McMurray finish in 9th after starting the race in 38th. Kasey Kahne had the best finished Dodge in 11th. Rookies Joey Logano and Scott Speed were in 13th and 21st respectively. Jimmie Johnson, leading the most laps (92), finished in 24th. Stewart Haas Motorsports drivers Ryan Newman and Tony Stewart finished in 25th and 26th respectively. Daytona 500 winner Matt Kenseth finished in 43rd behind of teammate David Regan because of engine problems.

Race results

Post race notes
Jeff Gordon surpassed 20,000 career laps led during the middle of the race, and is 6th surpassing Rusty Wallace.

Point standings
Jeff Burton moved from 31st to 18th in the standings. Kyle Busch and Bobby Labonte gained twelve spots from the 18th position and the 22nd position respectively. Kasey Kahne moved from 23rd to 13th. Brian Vickers, from 26th in the standings, was in 17th after the race. David Reutimann and David Gilliland both gained seven spots from the 12th and 44th in the standings respectively. Jaime McMurray and Dale Earnhardt, Jr. gained six spots from 28th and 35th respectively. Gaining five pointings, Kevin Harvick was in 11th, Joey Logano in 32nd, Regan Smith in 35th, and Scott Speed in 36th. Clint Bowyer was in second behind Jeff Gordon from the 6th position in the standings.

David Ragan lost sixteen spots from the eighth position to 24th. Reed Sorenson dropped to 25th from the 14th position. Martin Truex, Jr. lost nine positions from 17th in the standings. A.J. Allmendinger went from 13th to 21st in the standings. Casey Mears and Mark Martin lost seven spots from the 20th and 27th position respectively. Losing five positions in the standings, Michael Waltrip was in 12th from 7th, Juan Pablo Montoya in 15th from 10th, Elliott Salder in 16th from 11th, and John Andretti was in 30th from 25th. Kurt Busch and Tony Stewart both lost four positions from the 3rd and 4th position respectively. Daytona 500 winner Matt Kenseth dropped to 3rd from 1st in the standings.

References

Shelby 427
Shelby 427
NASCAR races at Las Vegas Motor Speedway
March 2009 sports events in the United States

2009 Shelby 427


Two of Coins is a card used in Latin suited playing cards which include tarot decks. It is part of what tarot card readers call the "Minor Arcana."
Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games.

In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, Tarot cards came to be used primarily for divinatory purposes.

Symbolism
The Rider–Waite Two of Coins is inspired by the ribbon of traditional tarots which often displayed the name of the card manufacturer.

Common Interpretation
The Two of Coins, or the Two of Pentacles, is a card which, when upright, means to juggle, to struggle in a positive influence, to balance, to maintain. To keep your head up but feel like you want to jump out of your skin. It symbolizes an internal mental struggle, being unsure, not knowing your path during ascension.
The Reversed card indicates imbalances, excess juggling, excess struggle; the advice of the card is to redress balance.

References

Suit of Coins

Two of Coins


The Ruskin Pottery was an English art pottery studio founded in 1898 by Edward R. Taylor, the first principal of both the Lincoln School of Art and the Birmingham School of Art, to be run by his son, William Howson Taylor, formerly a student there. It was named after the artist, writer and social thinker John Ruskin, as the Taylors agreed with, and followed the tenets of Ruskin.  The pottery was situated at 173-174 Oldbury Road, Smethwick, then in Staffordshire (now part of Sandwell, in the West Midlands county).

The pottery produced was notable for the innovative glazes used on a range of brightly coloured pots, vases, buttons, bowls, tea services and jewellery. The ceramic glazes devised by William Howson Taylor included misty soufflé glazes, ice crystal effect glazes - 'crystalline', lustre glazes resembling metallic finishes, and the most highly regarded of all, sang-de-boeuf and flambé glazes which produced a blood red effect.   The sang-de-boeuf glazes were created using reduction of copper and iron oxides at high temperature. This was a difficult technique, first developed in China in the 13th century and reinvented by several art potters in Europe in the late 19th century. William Howson Taylor was one of the principal exponents of 'high fired' techniques, producing a range of colours and unique 'fissured' glaze effects.

Having exhibited at home and at international fine art exhibitions, the award of a "grand prize" in 1904 at the St Louis International Exhibition, gave them the recognition they needed. Further awards were gained at other international exhibitions, including Milan 1906; Christchurch, New Zealand, 1907; London 1908; Brussels 1910; Turin 1911; Ghent 1913.

When the studio closed in 1935 the formulae for the glazes and all the pottery documentation were deliberately destroyed, so that the unique Ruskin products could never be replicated.

A large collection of Ruskin Pottery is on public display at Wednesbury Museum and Art Gallery, Wednesbury, about  north of the factory. The collection is owned by Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council and is managed by Sandwell Museum Service.

The site of the factory is now an industrial estate, "Ruskin Place". A blue plaque marking the site, erected by the Smethwick Local History Society, was subsequently stolen.

References

The Pottery of Edward Richard Taylor and William Howson Taylor, 1898-1935 - Paul Atterbury and John Henson, Baxendale Press, 1993,

Design companies established in 1898
Ceramics manufacturers of England
Companies based in Smethwick
Art pottery
Design companies disestablished in 1935
English pottery
History of Staffordshire
Smethwick
1898 establishments in England
1935 disestablishments in England

Ruskin Pottery


José Alfredo Bozzano Baglietto (Asunción, Paraguay, December 7, 1895 – December 14, 1969) was a military engineer and senior officer of the Paraguayan Navy who designed the gunboats Paraguay and Humaitá that were used during the Chaco War in the key role of armed transport ships. In the course of the war, he was the manager of the factories which produced weapons, ammunition, trucks and other equipment for the Paraguayan army.

Life
José Alfredo Bozzano Baglietto was born on December 7, 1895 in the Asunción neighborhood of San Jerónimo, "just fifty metres from the Dockyards", which at that time was located there. The birth date is contained in official documents and was confirmed by his grandson, engineer Luis Lamas Bozzano, curiously because he gave another date (1899) "to remove a few years; pure coquetry", as stated at times his wife, Mrs. Virginia Cardozo of Bozzano, who in turn was the daughter of educator Ramon Indalecio Cardozo and sister of politician Efraím Cardozo. His parents were the Genoese ship owner José Bozzano and the Argentine citizen Benedicta Baglietto. Bozzano spoke Italian, English, French and Guaraní fluently and had extensive knowledge of classical Greek and Latin. He read Stefan Zweig, Emerson, Kant, Schiller and Goethe. His favorite Paraguayans writers were Manuel Domínguez, Cecilio Báez, Fariña Eloy Núnez, Carlos Zubizarreta and Rubén Bareiro Saguier. He learned piano with Nicolino Pellegrini. Bozzano lingered on Chopin and enjoyed Paraguayan music (his favorite song was Ñasaindypé, composed by Félix Férnandez and José Asunción Flores).

Education

Bozzano was educated at the Colegio Nacional at Asunción, studying the career of lawyer until the third year. He joined the Paraguayan Navy as midshipman on September 21, 1917. Since April 1918 he served in the state-owned national dockyards.

In May 1920, the government of José P. Montero (1919–1920) sent him to the United States for further studies of Naval Engineering. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1924, Bozzano graduated as a naval architect and engineer. He went on to graduate school and in 1925 received a master's degree in Aviation Engineering.

Bozzano returned to Paraguay during the constitutional government of Eligio Ayala (1924–1928). On March 9, 1925, he was appointed director of the national dockyards, by decree nº 20297. In March 1927, president Ayala commissioned him to Europe for ordering the construction of two gunboats for the Navy that would protect the Paraguay River in the imminent war with Bolivia. Bozzano departed with the plans that he himself had traced.

After contacts with shipyards in England and Germany, the gunboats were eventually ordered from the Italian Odero Terni Orlando shipyard in Genoa. The two vessels, Paraguay and Humaitá, arrived in Paraguay on May 5, 1931. On December 28 of that year, Bozzano returned to the direction of the national dockyards.

Chaco War

The dockyards produced more than 300,000 hand grenades, the famous carumbe `i (Guaraní for "little turtle"), which, for the pride of Paraguayans in the war, proved more effective than the Belgian designed SIP grenades, used by the Bolivian army) and built and assembled the coachworks of 2,308 trucks (at a rate of five per hour). The dockyards also produced 25,000 mortar grenades and 7,500 aerial bombs. Another of his feats was the making of mortar tubes with 23 columns from old trams. At the same time, 4,300 iron bars and wooden tables were made for stretchers, stoves, autoclaves and even trepans for cranial surgery. Bozzano's factories also built equipment for the vital water well drilling in the Chaco. Another milestone in the dockyard's war effort was the reverse engineering of 15 cipher machines from a model bought in an undisclosed "European country".

There were 4,400 truck drivers from the Paraguayan navy in the Chaco under the command of Captain Bozzano. He was appointed acting director of the military aviation on March 7, 1933 replacing Argentine World War I veteran pilot Vicente Almandos Almonacid.

Works and awards
He left a brief but very valuable book of memories, Reminiscences, which recalls the history of the dockyards in the war. It started as an essay made at the request of Justo Pastor Benítez, who thought to include it in one of his historical works, but ended up being a book by its own value.

Bozzano was a Paraguayan officer heavily trained in science and technology. The design of Paraguay and Humaitá caused admiration in Britain.  From 1932 to 1935 he commanded a force of 6,000 workers who forged the iron that was decisive for the outcome of the war.

When the conflict was over, Bozzano was awarded the Cruz del Chaco ("Chaco Cross"). He continued to serve to his country in different positions. During the government of Félix Paiva (1937–1939), Bozzano was appointed Minister of War and Navy on April 12, 1938 and then Minister of Economy on October 14, 1938. He also served as mayor of Asunción and a teacher at the School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences (Engineering) in the National University of Asunción.

The government decree that awarded him the Cruz del Chaco described captain José Bozzano as "one of the most authentic craftsmen of victory".

Death
The last years of his life were spent working in the family owned shipyard at Varadero, Asunción. He was a living legend of the nation's history. Captain Bozzano died on December 14, 1969.

References
 Biographical Dictionary Forgers of Paraguay. First Edition January 2000. Distributed by Quevedo editions. Buenos Aires, Argentina

Notes

1895 births
1969 deaths
Military personnel from Asunción
Paraguayan people of Italian descent
Military history of Paraguay
Paraguayan soldiers
People of the Chaco War
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Academic staff of Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Science and technology in Paraguay
Paraguayan engineers
20th-century engineers

José Bozzano


The Howards of Virginia is a 1940 American drama war film directed by Frank Lloyd, released by Columbia Pictures, and based on the book The Tree of Liberty written by Elizabeth Page. The Howards of Virginia live through the American Revolutionary War, with Cary Grant starring as Matt Howard, Martha Scott starring as his wife Jane Peyton Howard, and Alan Marshal and Sir Cedric Hardwicke starring as Jane's brothers Roger and Fleetwood Peyton. Fleetwood Peyton is Jane's elder brother, the patriarch of his family, and a member of the Tidewater aristocracy. The film includes a look at the young Matt Howard, Thomas Jefferson, and Jane Peyton.

Much of the film was shot at Colonial Williamsburg, much of which had only been recently restored or reconstructed at the time of the production. The Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Governor's Palace are prominently featured.

Plot
In 1755, the father of 12-year-old Matt Howard (Dickie Jones) joins the Braddock Expedition against the French in the Ohio Country after being promised  of land. Matt learns that his father died during the military expedition, and is consoled by his schoolmate and friend Thomas Jefferson (Buster Phelps).

Matt (Cary Grant), now an adult and accomplished backwoodsman, sells the family farm in order to settle in Ohio. When saying farewell to Jefferson (played as an adult by Richard Carlson), Matt is tricked into meeting several members of high society, including the snobbish, wealthy royalist Fleetwood Peyton (Sir Cedric Hardwicke) and his beautiful sister, Jane (Martha Scott). The Peytons snub him when they discover he's a common farmer and not a landed gentlemen (as Jefferson had implied). Matt falls in love with Jane. Fleetwood, certain Jane will turn Matt down, permits Howard to propose to her in order to humiliate the farmer. Matt buys a  farm in the Shenandoah Valley and erects a home there. When Matt returns, Jane (thrilled by Matt's republicanism and colonial spirit) shocks her family by accepting his proposal of marriage. Fleetwood repairs his relationship with Jane by giving her the diamond-encrusted Peyton family necklace.

Matt and Jane take up residence at Matt's new farm. Jane is shocked at the crude manners of the settlers, but Matt's vision of the future overcomes her worries. Jane and Matt work together, and the Howard's Albemarle Plantation takes shape. Their first child, Peyton, is born with a clubfoot (like his namesake uncle). Matt is ashamed of Peyton's disability. Jane has a daughter, Mary, and a second son, James. Despite her frontier spirit, Jane remains something of a snob. Jefferson visits Albemarle and shows Matt how unhappy Jane is living on the frontier. In order to justify returning to Williamsburg for several months without sacrificing his pride, Matt agrees to run for the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1765. He easily wins the election. Matt feuds with Fleetwood in the legislature, and is exposed to anti-British feeling and thought for the first time.

Revolutionary fervor strikes the American colonies, and Matt spends more and more time away from Albemarle to join Jefferson in Williamsburg in resisting the British crown. Fearing Indian attack, Jane moves from Albemarle to Williamsburg to be near Matt. When Matt decides to go to Philadelphia to fight for independence, Jane demands that he stay in Virginia and confronts Matt regarding his rejection of Peyton. Matt leaves, causing a rupture in his marriage. Jane and her children move in with Fleetwood. The American Revolutionary War breaks out, and Matt becomes a captain in the Continental Army. Unable to pay his taxes with credit, Fleetwood is forced to sell much of his land. He turns to drink, and throws Peyton and James out of his house when they support their father and Jefferson. Peyton and James find their father near-starvation in winter camp, and join the army.

Fleetwood embraces the royalist cause. His health declines and he becomes mentally ill. Matt discovers that James' allegiance to the revolutionary cause is weak, and realizes how much he has neglected Peyton. James wins leave and goes home to Williamsburg. Peyton remains with his father and the army. While acting as a courier for the army, Peyton is wounded. Matt and the Continental Army march to Williamsburg in order to surround Cornwallis at Yorktown. Matt learns Peyton was taken to Fleetwood's home to recuperate. He rushes to his son's side, reunites with his family, and reconciles with Jane after confessing how he mistreated Peyton.

Cast
 Cary Grant as Matt Howard
 Martha Scott as Jane Peyton Howard
 Richard Carlson as Thomas Jefferson
 Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Fleetwood Peyton
 Alan Marshal as Roger Peyton
 Phil Taylor as Peyton Howard at 18
 Rita Quigley as Mary Howard at age 17
 Tom Drake (as Richard Alden) as James Howard at 16
 Irving Bacon as Tom Norton
 Libby Taylor as Dicey
 Richard Gaines as Patrick Henry
 Paul Kelly as Captain Jabez Allen
 George Houston as George Washington
 Elisabeth Risdon as Aunt Clarissa
 Dickie Jones as Matt Howard at 12
 Buster Phelps as Thomas Jefferson at 11
 Ralph Byrd as James Howard

Award nominations
Richard Hageman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, while Jack Whitney was in contention for Best Sound Recording.

Notes
 The Hollywood Reporter: February 15, 1939
 Los Angeles Times: April 13, 1940
 Variety: September 4, 1940
 The New York Times: September 27, 1940

See also
 List of films about the American Revolution
 List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution

References

External links

1940 films
Films set in 1755
Films set in 1765
American black-and-white films
American Revolutionary War films
1940s English-language films
Colonial Williamsburg
Columbia Pictures films
Cultural depictions of Alexander Hamilton
Cultural depictions of George Washington
Cultural depictions of Patrick Henry
Cultural depictions of Thomas Jefferson
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Frank Lloyd
Films set in Virginia
Films with screenplays by Sidney Buchman
1940s historical drama films
American historical drama films
1940 drama films
1940s American films

The Howards of Virginia


Andrew John Southcott (born 15 October 1967) is an Australian politician and medical practitioner. He was the Liberal member for the House of Representatives seat of Boothby from the 1996 election until he stood down at the 2016 election.

Early life
Southcott was born in Panorama, South Australia, and attended Paringa Park Primary School, and St Peter's College.

He studied medicine at University of Adelaide and was a medical practitioner before entering politics, serving as an intern and surgical trainee at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and as a surgical registrar at the Flinders Medical Centre and Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park. While in office he has completed a Bachelor of Economics at Flinders University and a Master of Business Administration at the University of Adelaide.

Political career
Southcott joined the party in 1989 while serving as president of the Adelaide Medical Students Society. He defeated Senate leader and future Defence Minister Robert Hill, a moderate, in a pre-selection battle for the seat of Boothby in 1994. Southcott is from the conservative faction of the Liberal Party of Australia.

Southcott was elected to the House of Representatives seat of Boothby at the 1996 election and remained a backbencher throughout the Howard government.

At the 2004 election, despite a solid national two-party swing and vote to the Liberals, Boothby became a marginal Liberal seat for the first time in over half a century, with Labor's Chloë Fox reducing the Liberals to a marginal 5.4 percent two-party margin. Labor's Nicole Cornes reduced the Liberals to a marginal 2.9 percent two-party margin at the 2007 election, while at the 2010 election Labor's Annabel Digance reduced the Liberals to just a 0.75 percent two-party margin (638 votes), which put Boothby ahead of neighbouring Sturt as the most marginal seat in South Australia. However, Boothby became a fairly safe Liberal seat again at the 2013 election.

Southcott was a supporter of Republicanism in Australia.

Southcott was chair of the Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Treaties from 2003 until 2007.

Following the Coalition's defeat at the 2007 election, Southcott was appointed by party leader Brendan Nelson to the Outer Shadow Ministry as Shadow Minister for Employment Participation, and Apprenticeships and Training.

Resulting from the ascendancy of Malcolm Turnbull at the 2008 Liberal leadership ballot, Southcott became Shadow Minister for Employment Participation, Training and Sport.

After the ascendancy of Tony Abbott at the 2009 Liberal leadership ballot, Southcott was dropped from the Outer Shadow Ministry and demoted to Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Regional Health Services, Health and Wellbeing. Following the 2010 election, Southcott was appointed Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Primary Healthcare.

Resulting from the 2013 election where the Abbott government took office, Southcott was dropped and not included in the incoming Abbott ministry, returning to the backbench where he remained.

Following the resignation of Bronwyn Bishop, Southcott ran for the position of Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives in August 2015 but was unsuccessful.

Parliamentary resignation
On 4 September 2015, Southcott announced his parliamentary retirement as of the 2016 election, and would resume his medical career. Southcott said his decision not to re-contest Boothby was "completely unrelated" to being unsuccessful in running for the Speakership. The Liberals pre-selected doctoral student and newspaper columnist Nicolle Flint as their candidate in Boothby at the 2016 election.

References

External links
Personal website
Parliamentary Biography

Politicians from Adelaide
1967 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Boothby
University of Adelaide Medical School alumni
People educated at St Peter's College, Adelaide
Flinders University alumni
Andrew
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians

Andrew Southcott


Roméo Antonius Dallaire  (born June 25, 1946) is a Canadian retired politician and military officer who was a senator from Quebec from 2005 to 2014, and a lieutenant-general in the Canadian Armed Forces. He notably was the force commander of UNAMIR, the ill-fated United Nations peacekeeping force for Rwanda between 1993 and 1994, and for trying to stop the genocide that was being waged by Hutu extremists against Tutsis. Dallaire is a Senior Fellow at the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS) and co-director of the MIGS Will to Intervene Project.

Early life and education

Roméo Antonius Dallaire was born in Denekamp, Netherlands to Staff-Sergeant Roméo Louis Dallaire, a Canadian non-commissioned officer, and Catherine Vermeassen, a Dutch nurse. Dallaire came to Canada with his mother as a six-month-old baby on the Empire Brent, landing in Halifax on December 13, 1946. He spent his childhood in Montreal.

He enrolled in the Canadian Army in 1963, as a cadet at Le Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean. In 1970 he graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned into The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery.

In 1971, Dallaire applied for a Canadian passport to travel overseas with his troops and was surprised to discover that his birth in the Netherlands as the son of a Canadian soldier did not automatically make him a Canadian citizen. He has subsequently become a Canadian citizen.

Dallaire has also attended the Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College, the United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College in Quantico, VA, and the British Higher Command and Staff Course.

He commanded the . On July 3, 1989, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. He then commanded the 5th Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group. He was also the commandant of Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean from 1990 to 1993.

Rwanda

Original mission
In late 1993, Dallaire received his commission as the Force Commander of UNAMIR, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda. Rwanda was in the middle of a civil war between the extremist Hutu government and a small Tutsi rebel faction. UNAMIR's goal was to assist in the implementation of the Arusha Accords. The Hutus worked through the Rwandan army and then-president of Rwanda, Juvénal Habyarimana, and the Tutsis through the rebel commander Paul Kagame, who is the president of Rwanda today. When Dallaire arrived in Rwanda, his mandate was to supervise the implementation of the Accords during a transitional period in which Tutsis were supposed to be given positions of power within the Hutu government.

There were early signs that something was amiss when, on January 22, 1994, a French DC-8 aircraft landed in Kigali, the capital of Rwanda, loaded with ammunition and weapons for the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR). FAR was the Hutu army under Habyarimana's control. Dallaire was unable to seize the weapons, as this would have violated his UN mandate.

The Chief of Staff of the Rwandan Army told Dallaire that since the munitions were ordered before Arusha, the UN was not allowed to detain the shipment, and displayed paperwork showing that the weapons had been sent by Belgium, Israel, France, Britain, the Netherlands, and Egypt. In addition to the arms deliveries, troops from the Rwandan government began checking identity cards which identified individuals as Hutus or Tutsis. These cards would later allow Hutu militias to identify their victims with accuracy.

Deteriorating conditions

On the night of 6 April 1994, an airplane carrying Habyarimana was shot down over Kigali Airport. The President of Burundi was also on board. Coincidentally, wreckage from the crash landed in Habyarimana's own backyard. Following the airplane crash, Hutu extremists, with help from the Rwandan government and the Rwandan Armed Forces, blamed the assassination on the Tutsis and used this as a pretext for systematic execution of the Tutsis faction, as well as many of the moderate elected officials of the new government. Dallaire immediately ordered ten Belgian soldiers to protect the new prime minister, Agathe Uwilingiyimana, but Madame Agathe and her husband were killed, and later the next day, the Belgian soldiers were found dead.

The ten Belgian UN Paracommandos had been intercepted by the Rwandan government forces (FAR), taken to a military camp as hostages, and murdered there. Passing the entrance of the camp on his way to a meeting of the FAR commanders, Gen. Dallaire caught a glimpse of some bodies on the ground. In a 2007 trial in Belgium, the Rwandan camp commander charged with the peacekeepers' murder testified that he had warned Gen. Dallaire that they were going to be killed, and that Dallaire had promised to send help. Storming Camp Kigali was beyond the means of his meagre force, however, and instead, he forbade the other Belgian troops to take action.

Colonel Luc Marchal, commander of UNAMIR forces in the Kigali sector, has defended this decision on the grounds that to attack would have put the ill-equipped UNAMIR forces in an adversarial role against the Rwandan military, escalated the situation, and endangered their lives and those of the 331 unarmed UN observers.   In the 2007 trial of the Rwandan officer Bernard Ntuyahaga on charges of allowing the massacre to take place, Belgian Investigating judge Damien Vandermeersch cited among other "obstacles to his work, the refusal of the United Nations to allow him to hear from General Romeo Dallaire." But Dallaire had testified extensively before the ICTR in 2004 about the peacekeepers and other matters, all of which was a matter of public record available to Judge Vandermeersch, and in which a decision was pending. Colonel Théoneste Bagosora was later convicted by ICTR in December 2008 of being responsible for the peacekeeper's murders.

Seeing the situation in Rwanda deteriorating rapidly, Dallaire pleaded for logistical support and reinforcements of 2,000 soldiers for UNAMIR; he estimated that a total of 5,000 well-equipped troops would give the UN enough leverage to put an end to the killings. The UN Security Council refused, partly due to US opposition. US policy on interventions had become skeptical following the death of several U.S. soldiers in Mogadishu, Somalia the year before; this new policy was outlined in Presidential Decision Directive 25 by President Clinton. The Security Council voted to reduce UNAMIR further to 270 troops .

Since the UN mandate had not changed, the Belgian troops started evacuating, and the Europeans withdrew.  (Sources : see Belgian press articles) As the Belgians departed on 19 April, Dallaire felt an acute sense of betrayal; 'I stood there as the last Hercules left...and I thought that almost exactly fifty years to the day my father and my father-in-law had been fighting in Belgium to free the country from fascism, and there I was, abandoned by Belgian soldiers. So profoundly did I despise them for it...I found it inexcusable.'

Genocide

Following the withdrawal of Belgian forces, whom Dallaire considered his best-trained and best-equipped, Dallaire consolidated his contingent of Pakistani, Canadian, Ghanaian, Tunisian, and Bangladeshi soldiers in urban areas and focused on providing areas of "safe control" in and around Kigali. Most of Dallaire's efforts were to defend specific areas where he knew Tutsis to be hiding. Dallaire's staff—including the U.N.'s unarmed observers—often relied on its U.N. credentials to save Tutsis, heading off Interahamwe attacks even while being outnumbered and outgunned. Dallaire's actions are credited with directly saving the lives of 32,000 Tutsis and Hutus.

Dallaire gave the major force contributors different evaluations for their work. In his book, he gave the Tunisian and Ghanaian contingents high praise for their valiant and competent work. Ghana lost three peacekeepers. On the other hand, he criticized the Bangladeshi contingent for being poorly trained and poorly equipped. He was especially critical of the Bangladeshi contingent's leadership because of their incompetence and lack of loyalty to the mission and UN chain of command.

End to the Genocide

As the massacre progressed and press accounts of the genocide grew, the U.N. Security Council backtracked on its position and voted to establish UNAMIR II, with a strength of 5,500 men in response to the French plan to occupy portions of the country. The so-called Operation Turquoise, the presence of French troops, was initially opposed by Dallaire because the French had a history of backing the Hutus and the Rwandan Armed Forces, and thus their presence would be opposed by Kagame and the rebel RPF. It was not until early July, when RPF troops under Kagame swept into Kigali that the genocide ended. By August, the French had handed their portion of the country to the RPF, giving Kagame effective control of all of Rwanda.

As revealed through testimony at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the genocide was brutally efficient, lasting for a total of 100 days and leading to the murder of between 800,000 and 1,171,000 Tutsi, Hutu moderates and Twa. Over two million people were displaced internally or in neighbouring countries. The Genocide ended when the Rwandan Patriotic Front gained control of Rwanda on July 18, 1994, though recrimination, retribution, and criminal prosecutions continue to the present day.

Controversy

Dallaire has been criticised by retired Canadian General Lewis MacKenzie for having failed to put his soldiers first when during the developing crisis in Rwanda 10 Belgian paratroopers were hacked to death when Dallaire chose to put his mission first and failed to mount a rescue of the Belgians under his command.

It has been alleged by the families of the murdered troops that Dallaire failed to intervene while passing just 20 yards from the embattled paratroopers. Dallaire has refused to answer questions regarding the event. Dallaire has voluntarily avoided travelling to Belgium to testify in a Belgian Senate Commission investigating the deaths of the Belgian troops. Belgian authorities have stated that they would seek a penal indictment over his role in the deaths of the Belgian paratroopers.

Ron Coleman, a retired Canadian colonel, has gone so far as linking Dallaire's depression with the inability to make command decisions which resulted in the death of a Rwandan informer as well as impairing decision-making which could, according to some, have prevented genocide.

Dallaire was later severely criticized by the Belgian parliamentary commission for his role leading to the torture and murder of ten members of the 2nd Commando Battalion and their protected charge. While Lieutenant Lotin and his men were being tortured and murdered, Dallaire passed by within 60 metres. Seeing the Belgium soldiers, Dallaire did not intervene. In his answer to the martial council he would later say, "I did not know whether they were dead or injured." He went on to meet officers of the Rwanda army at the Military School, but did not mention the event. The company of the Bangladeshi Battalion which had the task of Quick Reaction Force was ill-prepared and did not leave their barracks. After those events Belgium withdrew its forces from Rwanda. Dallaire considered them to be his best-trained and best-equipped forces.

The commission of inquiry of the Belgian Senate in 1998 severely condemned Dallaire's actions during those days. According to the parliamentary commission, Dallaire adopted an overly reserved attitude in the months before the genocide, undermining the credibility of UNAMIR in the eyes of the Rwandans. Furthermore, Dallaire's actions were considered to be "imprudent and unprofessional to have the Belgian escorts provided on 7 April with so few military precautions". In addition, the commission stated it "did not understand why general Dallaire, who had noted the blue beret bodies in the Kigali camp, did not communicate this immediately to the FAR's high-ranking officers at the meeting of the École supérieure and did not demand the urgent intervention of those Rwandan officers present. This appears to reflect considerable indifference on his part. Moreover, general Dallaire also neglected to inform his sector commander about what he had seen and to give the necessary instructions".

The Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs, during an interview, states that "...Dallaire was insulting in his comments and whose cowardice was demonstrated by a lack of responsibility when the situation required leadership on his part".

Life after Rwanda

Upon his return to Canada from UNOMUR and UNAMIR, Dallaire was appointed to two simultaneous commands in September 1994: Deputy Commander of Land Force Command (LFC) in Saint-Hubert, Quebec and Commander of 1 Canadian Division. In October 1995, Dallaire assumed command of Land Force Quebec Area.

In 1996, Dallaire was promoted to Chief of Staff and to the Assistant Deputy Minister (Personnel) Group at NDHQ   . In 1998 he was assigned to Assistant Deputy Minister (Human Resources - Military) and in 1999 was appointed Special Advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff on Officer Professional Development.

Dallaire suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder and, in 2000, attempted suicide by combining alcohol with his anti-depressant medication, a near fatal combination which left him comatose.
Dallaire is an outspoken supporter of raising awareness for veterans' mental health.

In January 2004, Dallaire appeared at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to testify against Colonel Théoneste Bagosora. The testimony was critical to the outcome of the trial, and in December 2008 Bagosora was convicted of genocide and for the command responsibility of the murders of the 10 Belgian Peacekeepers. The trial chamber held that: "it is clear that the killing of the peacekeepers formed part of the widespread and systematic attack", while at the same time holding that: "the evidence suggests that these killings were not necessarily part of a highly coordinated plan."

He later worked as a Special Advisor to the Canadian Government on War Affected Children and the Prohibition of Small Arms Distribution, as well as with international agencies with the same focus, including child labour. He is a great proponent of the concept of Institutionalism, and, in 2004–2005, he was a fellow at the Carr Center For Human Rights Policy at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He endorses the Genocide Intervention Network.

Dallaire was appointed to the Canadian Senate by Prime Minister Paul Martin on March 24, 2005. He sits as a Liberal, representing the province of Quebec. Dallaire noted that his family has supported both the Liberal Party of Canada and the Quebec Liberal Party since 1958. He was a strong supporter of Michael Ignatieff's unsuccessful 2006 bid for the leadership of the federal Liberal Party.

In 2007, Dallaire called for the reopening of Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean, saying "The possibility of starting a new program at the college — a military Cegep that would allow all officer cadets to spend two years in Saint-Jean before going to Kingston, instead of studying only in Kingston — is being considered. In the spirit of progress, would it be possible to support a principle as basic as the freedom of francophones in the Canadian Armed Forces by establishing a Cegep-style francophone bilingual military college."

Concordia University announced on September 8, 2006, that Dallaire would sit as Senior Fellow at the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS), a research centre based at the university's Faculty of Arts & Science. Later that month, on September 29, 2006, he issued a statement urging the international community to be prepared to defend Bahá'ís in Iran from possible atrocities.

Senator Dallaire has worked to bring an understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder to the general public. He was a visiting lecturer at several Canadian and American universities. He was a Fellow of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He pursued research on conflict resolution and the use of child soldiers. He has written several articles and chapters in publications on conflict resolution, humanitarian assistance and human rights. He is currently writing a book about the use of child soldiers.

Dallaire and his wife, Elizabeth, have three children: Willem, Catherine and Guy.

In the media
In Samantha Power's 2002 landmark work on genocide in the 20th century, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide, Sen. Dallaire features largely in the recounting of the Rwanda Genocide. Power also wrote the foreword to Dallaire's book, Shake Hands with the Devil. In a 2004 opinion article published by the New York Times, Dallaire called upon NATO to intervene militarily alongside African Union troops to abort the genocide in Darfur. He concluded that, "having called what is happening in Darfur genocide and having vowed to stop it, it is time for the West to keep its word as well."

Documentary and film

In October 2002, the documentary The Last Just Man was released, which chronicles the Rwandan genocide and features interviews with Dallaire, Brent Beardsley, and others involved in the events that happened in Rwanda. It was directed by Steven Silver.

A documentary film, entitled Shake Hands with the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire, which was inspired by the book and shows Gen Dallaire's return to Rwanda after ten years, was produced by the CBC, SRC and White Pine Pictures, and released in 2004. The film was nominated for two Sundance Film Festival Awards, winning the 2004 Sundance Film Festival Audience Award for World Cinema - Documentary and a nomination for Grand Jury Prize for World Cinema - Documentary. The film aired on CBC on January 31, 2005.

In 2004, PBS Frontline featured a documentary named The Ghosts of Rwanda. In an interview conducted for the documentary and recorded over the course of four days in October 2003, Dallaire said: "Rwanda will never ever leave me. It's in the pores of my body. My soul is in those hills, my spirit is with the spirits of all those people who were slaughtered and killed that I know of, and many that I didn't know...."

The 2004 film Hotel Rwanda featured a Canadian Forces colonel assigned to UN peacekeeping based on Dallaire, played by Nick Nolte. Dallaire is quoted as saying that neither the producer, nor Nolte himself, consulted with him before shooting the film. He said further that he did not agree with Nolte's portrayal, but did think that the film was "okay."

A Canadian dramatic feature film Shake Hands with the Devil adapted from Roméo Dallaire's 2003 book and starring Roy Dupuis as Lieutenant-General Dallaire, started production in mid-June 2006, and was released on 28 September 2007. Dallaire participated in a press conference about the film held on June 2, 2006, in Montreal, a film for which he is being consulted, as opposed to Hotel Rwanda. The film earned 12 Genie Award nominations and won one in the category Best Achievement in Music - Original Song for the song "Kaya" by Valanga Khoza and David Hirschfelder. In September 2007, Shake Hands With The Devil won the Emmy award for Outstanding Documentary with The Documentary Channel, who presented it on their channel.

Song
Dallaire is the inspiration for the song Kigali by Canadian singer-songwriter, Jon Brooks. The song appears on his album Ours And The Shepherds, which is about Canadian war stories and the problems faced by returning soldiers. His first verse is taken directly from Dallaire's book.

Also, Romeo Dallaire is the title of a folk song written by Canadian folk songwriter Andy McGaw. McGaw's song points squarely at the indifference and failure of the United Nations surrounding the Rwanda genocide.

Chorus of McGaw's song:
Thank you for callin' the United Nations
We can't take your call right now cause we're all on vacation
If you need support hug your teddy bear
If your in big trouble boys better say your prayers

Dallaire is the subject of the song Run Romeo Run on the 2006 album The Great Western by Welshman James Dean Bradfield.

Awards and recognition

In 1996, Dallaire was made an Officer of the Legion of Merit of the United States, the highest military decoration available for award to foreigners, for his service in Rwanda. Dallaire was also awarded the inaugural Aegis Trust Award in 2002, and on October 10 of the same year, he was inducted as an Officer in the Order of Canada.

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's The Greatest Canadian program saw Dallaire voted, in 16th place, as the highest rated military figure. Several months after the broadcast, on March 9, 2005, Governor-General Adrienne Clarkson awarded Dallaire with the 25th Pearson Peace Medal. On October 11, 2006, the Center for Unconventional Security Affairs at the University of California, Irvine awarded Dallaire with the 2006 Human Security Award.

Dallaire has received honorary doctorates from a large number of Canadian and American universities. He received Doctor of Laws degrees from University of Saskatchewan, St. Thomas University, Boston College, the University of Calgary, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Athabasca University, Trent University, the University of Victoria, the University of Western Ontario, and Simon Fraser University, and an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from the University of Lethbridge.

In June 2006, Romeo Dallaire was awarded a Doctorate of Humane Letters by the Queens College of the City University of New York (CUNY) in recognition of his efforts in Rwanda and afterwards to speak out against genocide. He received an ovation from the crowd for his comment that "no human is more human than any other". Senator Dallaire was named a Fellow of the Ryerson Polytechnic University, and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

His book "Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda", was awarded the Governor General's Literary Award for Non-Fiction in 2004.

General Dallaire planted a tree at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, Accra, Ghana in 2007 at the invitation of the Commandant, Major-General John Attipoe.

Senator Dallaire was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2002, Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec in 2005. He was granted the Aegis Award for Genocide Prevention from the Aegis Trust (United Kingdom).

Dallaire was a recipient of the Vimy Award.

As part of the 50th Anniversary commemoration of the founding of the Pugwash Peace Exchange, in 2007 General Dallaire accepted Sir Joseph Rotblat's Nobel Peace Prize.

There are elementary schools named after Dallaire in Vaughan, Ontario, Winnipeg, Manitoba and Ajax, Ontario.

Also, a street is named after him in the Lincoln Park neighbourhood of Calgary, Alberta.

Dallaire was one of the eight Olympic Flag bearers at the opening ceremony for the 2010 Olympic Winter Games, in Vancouver.

See also
Role of the international community in the Rwandan Genocide

Bibliography and filmography
The Last Just Man (Canada, 2001, directed by Steven Silver)
Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda
Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire
Shake Hands with the Devil (2007 film)

References

Books
4237 Dr. Adrian Preston & Peter Dennis (Edited) "Swords and Covenants" Rowman And Littlefield, London. Croom Helm. 1976.
H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston "Canada's RMC - A History of Royal Military College" Second Edition 1982
H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) "As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember". In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876–1918. Volume II: 1919–1984. RMC. Kingston, Ontario. The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984

External links
Biography and picture, from Harvard's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government.
Biography of Senator Dallaire on the Canadian Parliament Official Site
 Liberal Senate Forum
Canada Council of the Arts: brief biography, high-resolution image, and review of Dallaire's autographical book Shake Hands with the Devil
CBC Biography of LGen Roméo Dallaire
CBC Digital Archives – Witness To Evil: Roméo Dallaire and Rwanda
CBC News article on appointment of Roméo Dallaire to the Canadian Senate
Moving from Words to Actions Panel discussion hosted by Aegis Trust on January 25, 2006.
Transcript of interview of LGen Dallaire in Ghosts of Rwanda documentary on PBS Frontline.
Transcript of interview of LGen Dallaire at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, conducted in Washington D.C., June 12, 2002.
Transcript of interview of General Dallaire on BBC's Hardtalk in 2002
Romeo Dallaire Interview on The Hour

General Romeo Dallaire - United Nations/Canada
http://www.supportcamh.ca/Media_Buzz_display.asp?crypt=DX98DhsZZnZsbGIRfXIKAA== Centre for Addiction & Mental Health interview with Romeo Dallaire about PTSD

1946 births
Canadian generals
Canadian humanitarians
Canadian non-fiction writers
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Canadian senators from Quebec
Francophone Quebec people
Governor General's Award-winning non-fiction writers
Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec
Harvard Fellows
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Living people
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration
Officers of the Order of Canada
Military personnel from Montreal
People from Overijssel
People of the Rwandan genocide
Politicians from Montreal
Writers from Montreal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Royal Military College of Canada people

Roméo Dallaire


Consolidated Media Holdings (CMH) was an Australia investment company focused on subscription television.

History
Consolidated Media Holdings (CMH) was a publicly listed Australian company. Its two largest shareholders were Consolidated Press Holdings and the Seven Group Holdings.

CMH was formed following a name change by Publishing & Broadcasting Limited (PBL), and the PBL and Crown Schemes of Arrangement, in November 2007.

CMH had a 25 per cent interest in Foxtel. CMH's stake in Foxtel was held jointly with News Corp through the joint. The remaining 50% share of Foxtel was owned by Telstra.

CMH had a 50 per cent shareholding in Fox Sports, Speed, Fox Footy, Fox Sports News and Fuel TV), with the other 50 per cent held by News Corp.

CMH previously held a 50% interest in PBL Media, with assets including the Nine Network, NBN Television, Sky News Australia, Australian Consolidated Press, NineMSN, Carsales, Ticketek and the Sydney Super Dome. In September 2007 CMH sold down a further 25% of its interest in PBL Media to CVC Capital Partners. This was followed in December 2008 with CVC injecting over $300 million into PBL Media, which resulted in CMH's shareholding being diluted to less than 1% of the company.

Investor history
The company was originally controlled by the Packer family. In July 2008 the Seven Network bought a $100 million stake in CMH, equal to 4.82% of the company.

On 16 December 2008, PBL Media issued a press release stating that the company's majority shareholder, CVC Asia Pacific, had refinanced debt facilities as well as injecting in excess of $300 million. CMH stated that they would not be investing any further funds, and as such, CMH's 25% interest became diluted to a stake less than 1%.

In July 2009, the Seven Network purchased a further 13% shareholding in CMH, bringing Seven's total shareholding to 18%. Within days CPH had increased its stake by 1.5% to 40%. On 15 July 2009 the Seven Network further increased its stake to 19.5%

In August 2009, CMH announced the sale of 54 Park Street, Sydney (the long time Packer family HQ) to AMP Capital Investors and the sale of all shareholdings in Seek to institutional investors.

News Corp submitted a bid for Consolidated Media Holdings in 2012. Seven Group Holdings also submitted a bid. The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission approved the takeover bid placed by News Corp, however, denied the bid placed by Seven Group Holdings.

The News Corporation takeover was approved by both the shareholders and the Federal Court, taking effect on 2 November 2012 and this ended the Packer family control of any large media company.

Major shareholders
As at June 2012, CMH's major shareholders were Consolidated Press Holdings (50%) and Seven Group Holdings (25%).

Assets
Consolidated Media Holdings had shares in the following companies:
Foxtel (25%)
Fox Sports (50%)

References

Companies based in Sydney
Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Defunct broadcasting companies of Australia
Entertainment companies established in 2007
Entertainment companies disestablished in 2012
Holding companies established in 2007
Holding companies disestablished in 2012
Holding companies of Australia
2007 establishments in Australia
2012 establishments in Australia

Consolidated Media Holdings


Susan Maureen Furmage (born 27 February 1963) is a former field hockey player from New Zealand, who finished in eight position with the National Women's Field Hockey Team, nicknamed The Black Sticks, at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. She was born in London, England.

Lives in New Zealand married to Terry Furmage, and has four daughters including twins. Furmage now works at Bethlehem College and teaches hockey, while her husband is deputy head teacher in a Greerton School.

References

External links

New Zealand female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for New Zealand
Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
British emigrants to New Zealand
1963 births
Living people

Susan Furmage


Derailment takes place when a rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although most derailments are minor, all result in temporary damage of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious danger.

A derailment of a train can be caused by a crash with another object, an operational error, the mechanical failure of tracks, such as broken rails, or the mechanical failure of the wheels. In emergency situations, on purpose derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to stop a more serious accident from taking place.

References

Railway accidents

Derailment


William M. Graham (September 8, 1819 Minisink, Orange County, New York – November 13, 1886  Middletown, Orange Co., NY) was an American banker, convicted felon and Democratic politician from New York.

Life
In 1841, he began to work for the Middletown Bank, first as Teller, and from 1844 on as Cashier. He was Treasurer of Orange County from 1855 to 1860. In 1860, he became President of the Wallkill Bank, later the Wallkill National Bank.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (10th D.) from 1868 to 1871, sitting in the 91st, 92nd, 93rd and 94th New York State Legislatures.

In 1872, the Wallkill National Bank went bankrupt. An investigation showed that $256,000 of the bank's funds and about $100,000 worth of securities deposited in the bank were missing, the money having been "dissipated in Wall Street" by Graham and Cashier Charles H. Horton. Graham was convicted of fraud and embezzlement, and sentenced to ten years imprisonment at hard labor. He served about four years in Clinton State Prison and was pardoned by President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877. Afterwards he worked as an attendant at the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital.

He died of Bright's disease.

Sources
 The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1870; pg. 444 and 555)
 Life Sketches of the State Officers, Senators, and Members of the Assembly of the State of New York in 1868 by S. R. Harlow & S. C. Hutchins (pg. 87f)
 TWEED AND GRAHAM in NYT on May 23, 1877
 A CHECKERED CAREER ENDED in NYT on November 15, 1886

1819 births
1886 deaths
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
People from Minisink, New York
American bankers
Politicians convicted of embezzlement
Deaths from nephritis
American politicians convicted of fraud
Recipients of American presidential pardons
New York (state) politicians convicted of crimes
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople

William M. Graham (politician)


Fawad Afzal Khan (born 29 November 1981) is a Pakistani actor, producer, screenwriter and singer known for his work in films and television. Having received several accolades, including a Filmfare Award, two Lux Style Awards.

Khan began his acting career on the television sitcom, Jutt and Bond. He formed an alternative rock band, Entity Paradigm, with the show's co-stars and began his music career as its lead singer. The band appeared on the finale of Pepsi Battle of the Bands in 2002 and Khan became known for its 2003 debut album, Irtiqa. After about 250 performances, he left the band to pursue a film career. Khan made his film debut with a supporting role in Shoaib Mansoor's sociodrama, Khuda Kay Liye (2007), one of Pakistan's highest-grossing films.

He had his first success in the television period drama, Dastaan (2010), for which he received the Best Male Actor Award at the Pakistan Media Awards. Khan played a lead role in the Pakistani television serial Humsafar (2011), and appeared in Sultana Siddiqui's family drama Zindagi Gulzar Hai (2012). For both performances, he received the Lux Style Award for Best Actor. Khan made his Bollywood debut with the romantic comedy, Khoobsurat (2014), for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. He further received critical praise  for starring in the family drama Kapoor & Sons (2016), which earned him a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Following a brief hiatus, he made a comeback with his Marvel Cinematic Universe debut in Ms. Marvel (2022) as Hassan, Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel's great-grandfather. His action adventure film The Legend of Maula Jatt (2022) became Pakistan's highest-grossing film of all time.

Early life and education
Khan was born in Karachi, Sindh on 29 November 1981. His father was born in Patiala (present-day Punjab, India) into a family of Pashtun heritage, whereas his mother's family was native of Lucknow (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India), and moved Pakistan after the 1947 partition of British India. When Khan was young, his father was in pharmaceutical sales, which required the family to live in Athens, Dubai, Riyadh and Manchester during the Gulf War. His family moved to Lahore, Punjab when he was 13. He has two sisters; his older sister, Aliya, is an architect and his younger sister, Sana, is a physician. He currently lives in Lahore.

Khan studied at an American school, where he said he faced racial issues and was bullied because of his shy, calm, non-combative nature. Khan passed his A-levels at the Lahore Grammar School, Johar Town (LGS JT), and received a bachelor's degree in software engineering from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) in Lahore. Because he could not find a job as a programmer, he soon began acting. In a Forbes India interview, Khan said that he had also failed to find a job in marketing. By then he could play guitar, bass and drums, and became Entity Paradigm's lead singer. Khan's first amateur performance was in the title role of a play, Spartacus.

Acting career

Debut, breakthrough and television success (20002013)
Khan's first television role was a bumbling spy named Bond with his bandmate, Ahmad Ali Butt, in the 2001 sitcom Jutt and Bond. His debut film was Shoaib Mansoor's sociodrama Khuda Kay Liye, where he played a musician who is brainwashed by the local maulvi. Although the film received positive reviews, critical response to Khan's performance was mixed. Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama called it "strictly OK", but The Economic Times film critic Gaurav Malani found him "engaged" in the role of an extremist. Released in 2007, the film grossed  250 million and is one of Pakistan's highest-grossing films. Khan received the Lux Style Award for Best Actor – Film in 2008, and appeared in the TV series Dil Deke Jaenge. Later that year, in Anjum Shahzad's travel adventure TV series Satrangi, he played an engineer who goes on a road trip. In 2010, Khan played a conservative, middle-class boy in the telefilm Aaj Kuch Na Kaho. Although it received negative reviews, Dawn found Khan "superbly convincing" and called him the film's "only redeeming factor". That year, he starred with Sanam Baloch in Haissam Hussain's period TV series Dastaan. Based on Razia Butt's novel, Bano, its story (set in the 1940s) revolves around the separation of a young couple during the 1947 partition. A Dawn reviewer wrote that Khan and his costars gave "superlative performances to match Samira Fazal's wonderful script", and The Express Tribune praised the lead pair's onscreen chemistry. For his performance, Khan won the Best Drama Actor award at the Pakistan Media Awards.

Haissam Hussain's comedy Akbari Asghari, a modern adaptation of Mirat-ul-Uroos, was Khan's first television series in 2011; he played Asghar, an unambitious villager who wants to marry one of his cousins. In an interview with The Hindu Anuj Kumar, Khan described his character as "completely oaf[ish]". In Kuch Pyar Ka Pagalpan, his third collaboration with Hussain, he starred with Sanam Baloch, Meekal Zulfiqar and Ayesha Khan as a computer engineer who wants to take over his uncle's business. Khan later starred with Mahira Khan in Sarmad Khoosat's TV serial drama, Humsafar, for which he won the Best Actor award at the 2012 Lux Style Awards. Humsafar is Pakistan's highest-rated television serial. The series and Khan's performance were praised. Ranika Rajani praised Humsafar in The Indian Express, calling it a "breath of fresh air" and preferring it to Indian soap operas. According to Rajani, the lead pair's chemistry was the biggest factor in the show's success. Zee News critic Ritka Handoo enjoyed the protagonists' performances, calling the Khans a "quite believable onscreen couple".

Khan's first 2012 role was Rohail, a Turkish resident who goes to Pakistan to marry his cousin but instead marries her sister, in Sarmad Khoosat's Ashk. That year, he played a member of an affluent family (with Sanam Saeed) in Sultana Siddiqui's family-drama TV series Zindagi Gulzar Hai. The serial, one of the most critically acclaimed Pakistani dramas, also received widespread praise in India. Dipti Sharma of The Indian Express enjoyed Khan's skillful portrayal. The role earned him several awards, including the Hum Award for Best Actor Popular and the Lux Style Award for Best Actor – Satellite. Khan's last TV serial was Ahson Talish's sociodrama, Numm. Broadcast in 2013, Khan played a boy who secretly marries a girl in London and is forced to marry another girl when he returns to Pakistan. Behadd, director Asim Raza's telefilm, featured Khan as a young divorcee who proposes to a widow who is the mother of a teenage girl. The Times of India noted that Khan's character in Behadd was different from those in Humsafar and Zindagi Gulzar Hai, calling it "another benchmark". His last telefilm was Anjum Shahzad's romance Armaan (with Aamina Sheikh), where he played a young, flirtatious boy. He also co-wrote the telefilm's screenplay, with Vasay Chaudhry.

Work in India (2014–2016)

Khan was originally expected to make his debut in India's Hindi film industry, commonly known as 'Bollywood', soon after the release of Khuda Kay Liye but the unstable political situation between India and Pakistan after the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks delayed it. He made his Bollywood debut in Shashanka Ghosh's 2014 comedy-drama, Khoobsurat, with Sonam Kapoor. Khan played Vikram Singh Rathore, Kapoor's love interest and the son of her patient. On Zee News, Ritika Handoo praised his "immensely polished acting skills" and said that he fit his character very well. Deepanjana Pal of Firstpost liked Gosh's decision to make Khan's character a sex object, feeling that he blazed a trail for other male actors in similar roles. The film was particularly well received in the UK, the UAE, and Pakistan because of Khan's following in those countries from his television work. He received a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for his role in the film.

Khan made a cameo appearance in Asim Raza's coming-of-age film, Ho Mann Jahaan, in January 2016. He then had a main role in Shakun Batra's family drama, Kapoor & Sons. The film, which featured Khan as part of an ensemble cast including Rishi Kapoor, Ratna Pathak Shah, Rajat Kapoor, Sidharth Malhotra, and Alia Bhatt, was a commercial success. The actor received near-unanimous critical praise for his portrayal of Rahul Kapoor, a closeted homosexual writer. A Bollywood Hungama reviewer enjoyed Khan's performance, saying that his character creates an emotional connection with the audience, and NDTV film critic Saibal Chaterjee praised his self-assured performance. Kapoor & Sons earned Khan the Diversity Award at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne and a nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 62nd Filmfare Awards. According to the film's producer, Karan Johar, "We went to six actors and after six rejections, I told Shakun Batra (director) that we should drop the idea and he started developing another screenplay. Later, in a flash of thought Fawad came to my mind. I sent him the script, he loved it and said he would do it." In September 2016, Johar said that Khan's wife pressured him to accept the role. Later in 2016, Khan appeared in a small role with Ranbir Kapoor, Anushka Sharma, and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in Karan Johar's romantic drama, Ae Dil Hai Mushkil. Raja Sen of Rediff.com found his role "far too little to justify the ridiculous kerfuffle his casting had caused", but called him the perfect choice for the part. In Deccan Chronicle Subhash K. Jha described Khan's role as "meagre and sketchy".

After the 2016 Uri terror attack, relations between India and Pakistan deteriorated and the Indian Motion Picture Producers Association (IMPPA) and the Film Producers Guild of India banned Pakistani artists from working in India until the situation normalised.

Acting comeback (2022-present)
In 2022, Khan made his acting comeback with his Marvel Cinematic Universe debut in Ms. Marvel as Hassan, Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel's great-grandfather.

Later in 2022, Khan appeared in Bilal Lashari's Punjabi Action-drama film, The Legend of Maula Jatt, alongside Mahira Khan and Hamza Ali Abbassi in which Fawad played the title role originated by Sultan Rahi. For the role, he gained considerable weight.  It became the highest-grossing Pakistani film of all time as well as the highest-grossing Punjabi-language film of all time.

He appeared in Faisal Qureshi's comedy film Money Back Guarantee which got mixed reviews.

Upcoming projects
He is expected to appear as pop singer Alamgir in Sultan Ghani's Albela Rahi. He will also be seen with Mahira Khan in a film called Neelofer. Fawad Khan will also be seen in the lead role of renowned director and producer Haseeb Hasan's upcoming film "Aan".

Music career

Two rock bands, Ahmed Ali Butt's Entity and Khan's Paradigm, were active in Lahore between 1994 and 2000. The bands collaborated on the title track of a television sitcom, Jutt and Bond (featuring Khan and Ahmed Ali Butt), in the early 2000s. This collaboration led to the bands' merger into Entity Paradigm. The new band appeared in the 2002 finale of Pepsi Battle of the Bands, losing to the band Aaroh. Entity Paradigm's debut album, Irtiqa, was released in October 2003; it received broad critical appreciation, particularly the popular romantic track "Rahguzar". The band broke up in 2007, reuniting in 2010 to participate in the third season of Coke Studio (where they covered Sajjad Ali's "Bolo Bolo"). Their single, "Shor Macha", was released that year. Dawn listed it among the year's most popular Pakistani songs in the newspaper's online poll. Khan was featured in its video (directed by Bilal Lashari), and said that he had played almost 250 shows as a musician. He left the band in 2012 to focus on his acting career.

Khan appeared as a judge on Pepsi Battle of the Bands in July 2017, with Atif Aslam and Meesha Shafi. He sang the show's introductory song, and appeared in its video (released on 23 July) with Aslam and Shafi. According to Vafa Batool of Pakistan Today, Khan "preferred to acknowledge the raw live energy on stage." Khan and the other members of Entity Paradigm reunited and performed "Hamesha" in the show's finale.

Other work and media image
Khan attended Islamic Relief USA fundraisers in San Jose and Washington, D.C., and raised money for the Shukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Bahrain. He has supported SOS Children's Villages by participating in children's carnivals in 2014 and 2017. In March 2015, Khan toured the United States and Canada and raised money for Pakistani charities; he has also raised money in London for charitable organisations in Pakistan. He and his wife participated in a musical tour of the United States to raise money for charitable organisations throughout Pakistan. In November 2015, they officiated at the launch of a tree-planting event organised by the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Peshawar. Khan appeared in Ali Zafar's music video, "Urainge", which was made as a tribute to the victims of the 2014 Peshawar school attack.

He is the Italian brand Giovanni's brand ambassador in Pakistan. Khan is also the Pakistani brand ambassador for the Suzuki Vitara, Pepsi, Oye Hoye, Tapal Tea, Zameen.com, Servis Shoes, Samsung, Telenor, Jazz, Warid, LUX, Tarang, Aquafina, Clear, Olper's, Lays, Bold, Nestle, QMobile and TUC biscuits. He has been an ambassador for the Pakistan Super League's Islamabad United cricket team since January 2016. Khan modeled for fashion designer Munib Nawaz in 2010, Umar Sayeed in 2012, and for the Republic by Omar Farooq in 2015.

Khan is one of the highest-paid actors in the Pakistani film industry. According to director and producer Abdullah Kadwani, "Fawad is the closest actor to Waheed Murad." Soon after the release of Khoobsurat, The Indian Expresss Mimansa Shekhar wrote that the actor redefined the Bollywood actor with charm, replacing "stereotype body builders with six packs". After the success of Kapoor & Sons, Nirmalya Dutta of Daily News and Analysis called Khan's portrayal of a gay male "a big leap forward for India's LGBT movement"; in India, where homosexuality was illegal at that time, "Khan had the guts and gumption to play this seminal role." In August 2016, Ranbir Kapoor said that Khan opened a door by playing a gay man and he was now comfortable playing such a role.

Khan is described by South Asian media as one of its most attractive men, and he was named the Most Beautiful Man at the 2015 Vogue Beauty Awards. He was ranked third in the Times of India 50 Most Desirable Men poll in 2014 and 2015, and was fifth in 2016. In November 2014, Khan received the Fresh Face of the Year Award at the Hello! Hall of Fame Awards in India. The British magazine Eastern Eye ranked Khan seventh in 2014 and sixth from 2015 to 2018 third and sixth on its annual list of sexiest Asian men. For his style and fashion, he received the Crush of the Year Award at the Grazia Young Fashion Awards. TC Candler, an independent critics list, nominated Khan as one of the 100 Most Handsome Faces of 2017. He was nominated for the International Pakistan Prestige Award for Style Icon of the Year in September 2017 (which went to Hamza Ali Abbasi).

The Herald named Khan one of its 10 People of 2016. He was ranked the fifth-most-popular Bollywood actor of November 2014, and was called the most popular Bollywood actor in March 2016 by Times Celebex. MenXP ranked Khan 37th on its Most Popular Bollywood celebrities of 2014 list. He was the first Pakistani to appear on the cover of Filmfare magazine, in September 2014, and again appeared on its cover in October 2015 and March 2016. Hi! Blizt magazine featured Khan on its cover in 2016. He received the Best Male Debut Award at the IBNlive Movie Awards, with 48.54 per cent of the vote.

Personal life

Khan married Sadaf Khan in 2005 after a seven-year courtship. They have three children. Khan and his wife founded Silk by Fawad Khan, a clothing line, whose debut collection was launched in August 2012 in Lahore.

He was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at age 17, after an accident which damaged his pancreas. The accident occurred behind a swimming pool, where Khan was scratched and jumped into untreated water. He later realized he had the disease when he lost .

Khan performed Hajj, the annual pilgrimage of Muslims to Makkah, along with his family in 2018 and was therein invited to the Annual Hajj Lunch by King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia.

Filmography

Films

 All films are in Urdu unless otherwise noted.

Television

Web series

Telefilm

Others

Discography

Other appearances

Awards and nominations

References

External links

21st-century Pakistani male actors
1981 births
Hum Award winners
Lahore Grammar School alumni
Living people
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences alumni
Pakistani alternative rock musicians
Filmfare Awards winners
Pakistani expatriate male actors in India
Pakistani expatriates in Greece
Pakistani expatriates in Saudi Arabia
Pakistani expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Pakistani expatriates in the United Kingdom
Pakistani male film actors
Pakistani heavy metal singers
Pakistani male models
Pakistani male singers
Pakistani male television actors
Pakistani screenwriters
Muhajir people
Pashtun people
People from Karachi
Male actors in Urdu cinema
People with type 1 diabetes
Pakistani Muslims
People from Lahore

Fawad Khan