Patricia Dane (born Thelma Patricia Pippins, August 4, 1917 – June 5, 1995) was an American film actress of the 1940s.

Early life

Dane was born Thelma Patricia Pippins to William Pippins and Emma F. Montford. Sources differ as to her birth year (1917 - 1919) and birthplace (Jacksonville, Florida or Blountstown, Florida). She was later known as Thelma Patricia Burns and Thelma Patricia Byrnes after her mother's second husband, whose surname was Burns. She attended the University of Alabama for almost three years. In 1938 she moved to New York, where she worked as a model for a dress design firm. During this period she met industrialist and film industry executive Howard Hughes, who encouraged her to move to Los Angeles and helped her find an apartment there.

Career
Dane was signed to a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract in 1941. As she gained attention in Hollywood, gossip columnists Louella Parsons and Jimmy Fidler both noted her strong resemblance to Hedy Lamarr, who was also under contract to MGM. Dane's earliest appearances were two uncredited roles in Ziegfeld Girl and I'll Wait for You (both 1941). She played the part of "Jennitt Hicks" in Life Begins for Andy Hardy (1941) and her well-received performance earned her a long-term contract. Dane played "Garnet" in Johnny Eager (1942) directed by Mervyn LeRoy. The film starred Robert Taylor and Lana Turner. Dane received favorable press for her acting in Grand Central Murder (1942), in which she was billed second to Van Heflin.

[[File:Patricia Dane in Yank, the Army Weekly.jpg|thumb|Patricia Dane in Yank, the Army Weekly]]
Dane married bandleader Tommy Dorsey in Las Vegas on April 8, 1943. Dorsey did not want his wife to work, and she took a break from her film career. Her MGM contract lapsed in 1945.

Dorsey's biographer described both parties to the marriage as temperamental. Their union was said to be "tempestuous from the start." They separated three times before Dane filed for divorce on July 3, 1947, citing "extreme mental cruelty" and Dorsey's constant travel with his touring orchestra. However, the divorce was essentially amicable, and they had various rendezvous in the years ahead.

Following her divorce, Dane resumed her movie career at the low-budget Monogram Pictures studio with Joe Palooka in Fighting Mad  (1948). Her final film appearances were uncredited parts in Road to Bali (1952) and The Harder They Fall (1956).

Later life
Tommy Dorsey died in 1956. He left Dane a $26,000 insurance policy after she informed him that she was unable to work due to injuries sustained in a 1956 boating accident.
In 1973 she returned to Blountstown, where she lived with her mother and worked as a librarian. Dane never remarried. She is interred in Pine Memorial Cemetery in Blountstown, Florida.

Filmography

See also
 Pin-ups of Yank, the Army Weekly
Tampa Bay Times, The Great Dane, July 20, 1941, Page 62.
Central New Jersey Home News, Meet the Stars, August 31, 1941, Page 8.
Oakland, California Tribune, If the Dane's Not Great She Can Always Design Clothes, June 14, 1942, Page 65.
Oakland Tribune, On the First Rung of the Ladder of Fame, January 24, 1943, Page 42.
Long Beach, California, Release Attachment on Patricia Dane's Salary,  Friday, August 18, 1944, Page 21.
Daily News, Los Angeles, Bob Walker Pleads Guilty in Drunk Case, October 22, 1948, Page 1.
Olivia R. Vickery, 1st cousin and owner of her effects after her death.

References

External links

1917 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Florida
American film actresses
American television actresses
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
People from Blountstown, Florida
Deaths from lung cancer in Florida

Patricia Dane


The Samuel Danford Farm is a historic complex of buildings in northeastern Noble County, Ohio, United States.  Located near the village of Summerfield, the complex comprises six buildings and one other site in an area of approximately .

Samuel Danford first settled at the present farm site in 1817 and quickly built a log cabin.  Here he lived for sixteen years before building the present house; constructed of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof, it features a simple exterior and a simple interior.  The floor plan has been modified by the construction of a frame addition to the rear, but no obvious changes have been made to the facade.

Mrs. Danford was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and local Methodists began to meet for worship at the Danford farm as early as 1818.  Known as the Glady Methodist Church, the members decided to construct a church building in 1869 on the Danford property.  By this time, Samuel had been dead for more than twenty-five years, but his widow lived to see the completion of the church building; it was occupied until the church dissolved in 1905.  Located near the church, and also on the original Danford farm, is the church's cemetery: known as the "Glady Cemetery," it is the burial place of Samuel Danford, of his family, and of many other early Noble County pioneers.

In early 1980, the Danford farm property, including the former church and cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The farm qualified for inclusion on the Register in two separate ways: its architecture was deemed to be historically significant, and it played an important place in the exploration, settlement, and later history of its locality.  Such a designation is unusual: the National Park Service requires that both cemeteries and religious properties pass stricter criteria for inclusion on the Register than other types of historic properties.

References

Houses completed in 1833
Churches completed in 1869
19th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Former churches in Ohio
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Greek Revival houses in Ohio
Methodist churches in Ohio
Houses in Noble County, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Noble County, Ohio
1817 establishments in Ohio

Samuel Danford Farm


The Sentinel is a 2006 American political action thriller film directed by Clark Johnson about a veteran United States Secret Service special agent who is suspected as a traitor after an attempted assassination of the president reveals that someone within the Service is supplying information to the assassins.

The film stars Michael Douglas as the veteran agent, Kiefer Sutherland as his protégé, Eva Longoria as a rookie Secret Service agent, and Kim Basinger in the role of the First Lady. It is based on the 2003 novel of the same name by former Secret Service Agent Gerald Petievich. It was filmed in Washington, D.C., and in the Canadian cities of Toronto and Kleinburg, Ontario.

Plot
Pete Garrison is a Secret Service agent and one of the personal bodyguards for First Lady of the United States Sarah Ballentine, with whom he is having an affair. He is one of the oldest and most experienced agents, having been involved in saving Ronald Reagan's life. His close friend and fellow agent, Charlie Merriweather is murdered. Garrison is told by a reliable informant that the killing of Merriweather is linked to an assassination plot against the President. The intelligence given by the informant reveals the existence of a mole with access to the President's security detail.

The Secret Service Protective Intelligence Division, led by Garrison's estranged friend and former protégé, David Breckinridge, with rookie partner Jill Marin, is tasked with investigating the plot. Breckinridge orders every agent to be subjected to a polygraph test. Meanwhile, the mole discovers the discussion with the informant and Garrison's affair with the first lady, and attempts to blackmail Garrison by luring him to a coffee shop known to be a meeting point for a Colombian cartel. After delaying for some time, Garrison is subjected to a polygraph. The agent in charge of the Presidential Protective Division, William Montrose, decides to randomly select the means of transporting the president using a coin toss. As the President and first lady visit Camp David, Garrison's informant calls, demanding that his payment be made at a shopping mall food court. Garrison goes to meet him, but he disappears in the crowd, and an assassin tries to kill Garrison. The agents pursue the assassin, but he escapes. Simultaneously, the presidential helicopter is shot down by a surface-to-air missile outside of Camp David, though neither the President nor his wife were aboard (due to Montrose's coin "deciding" to use the motorcade instead).

Garrison failed the polygraph test due to concealing his affair with the First Lady. Breckinridge confronts him at his home and interrogates him, pinning him as the prime suspect. The source of rancor between them comes to light: Breckinridge believes Garrison had an affair with his wife and caused the breakup of their marriage, which Garrison denies. Garrison escapes capture and conducts his own investigation of the assassination plot. He tries to contact the informant who gave him the tip, but finds that he has been killed. In pursuit, Breckinridge gets the drop on Garrison but is unable to kill him, despite having given other agents "shoot to kill" orders. Using his contacts with sympathetic agents and family members, Garrison tracks down the location of one of the assassins, whom he kills in a firefight. He searches his apartment, finding evidence that shows the perpetrators are headed to Toronto to attack the president at a G8 summit. He leaves it in the apartment and tells Marin about it, but the Secret Service find that the evidence and body of the assassin were removed before they arrived.

The President's wife discloses her affair with Garrison to Breckinridge, who now understands why Garrison failed his polygraph test. Together in Toronto, Garrison and Breckinridge learn that the assassins are former KGB operatives hired to kill the president by a Colombian cartel and the mole, William Montrose, who was never polygraphed. Montrose is in charge of directing security at the summit. The leader of the assassins blackmails Montrose into helping him, threatening the agent's family. Emotionally torn, Montrose is instructed to jam Secret Service's radios, and leave the summit with the President via a specific route; the assassins will handle the remainder of the work.

On the night of the President's speech, Breckinridge and Garrison race to the summit. The assassins, posing as Royal Canadian Mounted Police Emergency Response Team officers, kill several agents and corner Montrose and the President in a tunnel. Montrose reveals his treason to the President and purposely steps in front of one of the assassins, who kills him. Garrison, Breckinridge and Marin arrive, rescuing the President and the First Lady and killing the assassins. As they reach the ground level, Montrose's handler comes forward dressed as an RCMP officer to personally perform the killings. He takes Sarah hostage and aims his pistol at the President, but Garrison shoots him dead. In spite of these events, Garrison is forced to take an early retirement due to the disclosure of his affair with the first lady, who looks on sadly from her window as Garrison leaves the White House. He does, however, make peace with Breckinridge, who finally realizes that Garrison did not sleep with his wife. Breckinridge tells Garrison that he has a date with her that evening.

Cast

Critical reception
The Sentinel received generally poor reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 35% based on 133 reviews, with an average rating of 5 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, "The Sentinel starts off well enough but quickly wears thin with too many plot holes and conventional action sequences." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 49 out of 100 based on 32 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". The BBC review described it as being "as compelling as watching the ink dry on a superfluous UN treaty". Some other reviewers, such as Kenneth Turan of Los Angeles Times, enjoyed the film. Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars.

DVD and Blu-ray release

References

External links

 White House Museum - How well did the moviemakers recreate the White House? (Review)

2006 films
2006 action thriller films
2006 crime thriller films
20th Century Fox films
American action thriller films
American crime thriller films
American political thriller films
Films about the United States Secret Service
Films based on American novels
Films about fictional presidents of the United States
Films directed by Clark Johnson
Films produced by Michael Douglas
Films scored by Christophe Beck
Films set in Toronto
Films set in Washington, D.C.
Films set in the White House
Films shot in Toronto
Films with screenplays by George Nolfi
Regency Enterprises films
Films produced by Arnon Milchan
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

The Sentinel (2006 film)


Robert J. Sternberg (born December 8, 1949) is an American psychologist and psychometrician. He is a Professor of Human Development at Cornell University.

Sternberg has a BA from Yale University and a PhD from Stanford University, under advisor Gordon Bower. He holds thirteen honorary doctorates from two North American, one South American, one Asian, and nine European universities, and additionally holds an honorary professorship at the University of Heidelberg, in Germany. He is a Distinguished Associate of the Psychometrics Centre at the University of Cambridge.

Among his major contributions to psychology, the most notable are the triarchic theory of intelligence and several influential theories related to creativity, wisdom, thinking styles, love, hate, and leadership. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Sternberg as the 60th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Early life
Sternberg was born on December 8, 1949, to a Jewish family, in New Jersey. Sternberg suffered from test anxiety as a child. As a result, he became an inadequate test taker. This upset him and he reasoned that a test was not an adequate measurement of his true knowledge and academic abilities. When he later retook a test in a room that consisted of younger students, he felt more comfortable and his scores increased dramatically. Sternberg later constructed the Test of Mental Ability (STOMA), his first intelligence test. This problem of test-taking is what sparked Sternberg's interest in psychology.

Career

Sternberg was an undergraduate student at Yale University. Neither of Sternberg's parents finished high school, and he attended Yale only by achieving a National Merit Scholarship and receiving financial aid. He did so poorly in his introductory psychology class that his professor insisted that he pursue another major. Determined to succeed, Sternberg earned a BA summa cum laude, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, gaining honors and exceptional distinction in psychology. Sternberg continued his academic career at Stanford University, where he earned his PhD, in 1975.

Sternberg returned to Yale as an assistant professor of Psychology in 1975, and would work at Yale for three decades, eventually becoming the IBM Professor of Psychology and Education, as well as the founder and director of the Center for the Psychology of Abilities, Competencies and Expertise.

He left Yale in 2005 to assume the position of Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Tufts University, where he quickly began his job search for a promotion to a Provost position. After multiple unsuccessful high-profile attempts to gain other academic leadership positions within a few years of arriving at Tufts, including at the University of Colorado and the University of Iowa, Sternberg was offered a position at Oklahoma State University in 2010, where he remained as provost for three years. In early 2013, Sternberg was named the new president of the University of Wyoming. After resigning from the University of Wyoming in late 2013, Sternberg joined the Human Development faculty of Cornell University.

University of Wyoming presidency
Sternberg took office in July 2013 as the University of Wyoming's 24th president. His major aim was to push the "development of ethical leadership in students, faculty and staff". Therefore, Sternberg wanted to change the University of Wyoming's test-based selection process of applicants towards an ethics-based admission process: "The set of analytical skills evaluated in the ACT [American College Testing] is only a small sliver of what you need to be an ethical leader."

After arriving at the University of Wyoming, Sternberg's term was marked by tumult in the faculty. Three weeks after taking in office as Wyoming's new president, the provost and vice president for academic affairs was asked to resign and stepped down. In the next four months, three associate provosts and four deans were asked to resign or resigned voluntarily—many explicitly citing disagreements with President Sternberg's approach. In the Chronicle of Higher Education, November 15, 2013 ("President of U of Wyoming Abruptly Resigns" by Lindsay Ellis), Sternberg's tenure was described as "a period that saw rapid turnover among senior administrators and unsettled the campus."

The last dean who stepped down, the Dean of the College of Law, Stephen Easton, accused Sternberg at a university meeting of unethical treatment of staff, professors, and schools. "You have not treated this law school ethically." Sternberg refused to discuss the case at the meeting. The Casper Star Tribune portrayed the situation at the university as "chaos in the college". Additionally, other provosts blamed a lack of respect for and interest in human capital. According to Peter Shive, a professor emeritus, Sternberg asked everyone to wear the school colors, brown and gold, on Fridays. Shive said the farther away from the administrative building he went, the fewer people were wearing brown and gold.

Ray Hunkins, a UW Law College graduate, former counsel to the UW trustees, a member of the board of directors of the UW Foundation, and the Republican nominee for governor of Wyoming in 2006, questioned Sternberg's policies that had led to the dismissal or resignation of the administrators. "I think there's chaos in the university," Hunkins said.

On November 14, 2013, only 137 days after Sternberg had taken the helm of UW, it was announced at a press conference following a trustees meeting in William Robertson Coe Library that Sternberg had tendered his resignation to the board. In a public statement read by the trustee president, David Bostrom, Sternberg said that despite his care for the university, "It may not be the best fit for me as president." Laughter arose immediately upon the reading of Sternberg's statement. In accordance to university regulations, vice president for academic affairs Dr. Dick McGinity took the office as interim president. His resignation was neither asked for, nor forced by the Board of Trustees.

According to the Wyoming News, Sternberg's four-month presidency produced more than $1.25 million in administration-related costs equivalent to the costs of 31 faculty staff positions for one year. That includes $377,000 for Sternberg's severance pay, including $325,000 that he will be paid 2014; $37,500 in deferred compensation Sternberg is due by December 31; about $89,000 for the next presidential search; $330,000 for search firms to find replacements for administrators and deans who resigned; $265,000 for renovations to the house and garage that Sternberg was allowed to continue to rent at a price of $1,100 a month until May 31.

Honorary degrees

Sternberg holds thirteen honorary doctorates, including some from universities outside the United States.  The list of foreign universities that awarded the degrees includes Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), University of Durham (UK),  University of Leuven (Belgium), Tilburg University (the Netherlands), University of Cyprus, University of Paris V (France), and St. Petersburg State University (Russia).

Publication ethics
Sternberg began serving as editor of the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science in 2015. As editor he published eight commentaries in his own journal between 2016 and 2018 without peer review. In response to one of these pieces, a letter of concern was drafted, which over 100 psychologists endorsed. In addition to the concerns about the lack of peer review, the letter of concern also mentioned that these articles feature extreme levels of self-citation, ranging from 42% to 65%. In response to the letter and from pressure on social media, Sternberg resigned in late April 2018 from his position of editor of Perspectives on Psychological Science, over a year and a half before his term was scheduled to end.

Awards and recognition

Sternberg's awards include the Cattell Award from the American Psychological Society, Sir Francis Galton Award from the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, the Arthur W. Staats Award from the American Psychological Foundation and the Society for General Psychology, the E. L. Thorndike Award for Career Achievement in Educational Psychology Award from the Society for Educational Psychology of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Grawemeyer Award for Psychology in 2018. In the APA Monitor on Psychology, Sternberg has been rated as one of the top 100 psychologists of the twentieth century.  The ISI has rated Sternberg as one of the most highly cited authors in psychology and psychiatry (top .5 percent). Sternberg is a fellow of the National Academy of Education, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and other organizations. He is past-president of the American Psychological Association and the Eastern Psychological Association, and currently is President of the Federation of Associations in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Research interests
Sternberg's main research include the following interests:
Higher mental functions, including intelligence and creativity and wisdom
Styles of thinking
Cognitive modifiability
Leadership
Love and hate

Sternberg has proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence and a triangular theory of love. He is the creator (with Todd Lubart) of the investment theory of creativity, which states that creative people buy low and sell high in the world of ideas, and a propulsion theory of creative contributions, which states that creativity is a form of leadership.

He spearheaded an experimental admissions process at Tufts to quantify and test the creativity, practical skills, and wisdom-based skills of an applicant. He used similar techniques when he was provost at Oklahoma State.

Sternberg has criticized IQ tests, saying they are "convenient partial operationalizations of the construct of intelligence, and nothing more. They do not provide the kind of measurement of intelligence that tape measures provide of height."

In 1995, he was on an American Psychological Association task force writing a consensus statement on the state of intelligence research in response to the claims being advanced amid the Bell Curve controversy, titled "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns."

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Many descriptions of intelligence focus on mental abilities such as vocabulary, comprehension, memory and problem-solving that can be measured through intelligence tests. This reflects the tendency of psychologists to develop their understanding of intelligence by observing behavior believed to be associated with intelligence.

Sternberg believes that this focus on specific types of measurable mental abilities is too narrow. He believes that studying intelligence in this way leads to an understanding of only one part of intelligence and that this part is only seen in people who are "school smart" or "book smart".

There are, for example, many individuals who score poorly on intelligence tests, but are creative or are "street smart" and therefore have a very good ability to adapt and shape their environment. According to Sternberg (2003), giftedness should be examined in a broader way incorporating other parts of intelligence.

The triarchic model

Sternberg (2003) categorizes intelligence into three parts, which are central in his theory:

Analytical intelligence, the ability to complete academic, problem-solving tasks, such as those used in traditional intelligence tests. These types of tasks usually present well-defined problems that have only a single correct answer.
Creative or synthetic intelligence, the ability to successfully deal with new and unusual situations by drawing on existing knowledge and skills. Individuals high in creative intelligence may give 'wrong' answers because they see things from a different perspective.
Practical intelligence, the ability to adapt to everyday life by drawing on existing knowledge and skills. Practical intelligence enables an individual to understand what needs to be done in a specific setting and then do it.

Sternberg (2003) discusses experience and its role in intelligence. Creative or synthetic intelligence helps individuals to transfer information from one problem to another.  Sternberg calls the application of ideas from one problem to a new type of problem relative novelty. In contrast to the skills of relative novelty there is relative familiarity which enables an individual to become so familiar with a process that it becomes automatized. This can free up brain resources for coping with new ideas.

Context, or how one adapts, selects and shapes their environment is another area that is not represented by traditional measures of giftedness. Practically intelligent people are good at picking up tacit information and utilizing that information. They tend to shape their environment around them.  (Sternberg, 2003)

Sternberg (2003) developed a testing instrument to identify people who are gifted in ways that other tests don't identify. The Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test measures not only traditional intelligence abilities but analytic, synthetic, automatization and practical abilities as well. There are four ways in which this test is different from conventional intelligence tests.
This test is broader, measuring synthetic and practical skills in addition to analytic skills. The test provides scores on analytic, synthetic, automatization, and practical abilities, as well as verbal, quantitative, and figural processing abilities.
The test measures the ability to understand unknown words in context rather than vocabulary skills which are dependent on an individual's background.
The automatization subtest is the only part of the test that measures mental speed.
The test is based on a theory of intelligence.

Practical application

Sternberg added experimental criteria to the application process for undergraduates to Tufts University, where he was Dean of Arts and Sciences, to test "creativity and other non-academic factors." Calling it the "first major university to try such a departure from the norm," Inside Higher Ed noted that Tufts continues to consider the SAT and other traditional criteria.

Theory in cognitive styles
Sternberg proposed a theory of cognitive styles in 1988.

Sternberg's basic idea is that the forms of government we have in the world are external reflections of the way different people view and act in the world, that is, different ways of organizing and thinking. Cognitive styles should not be confused with abilities, they are the way we prefer to use these abilities. Indeed, a good fit between a person's preferred cognitive profile and his abilities can create a powerful synergy that outweighs the sum of its parts.

The main three branches of government are the executive branch, legislative branch and judicial branch. People also need to perform these functions in their own thinking and working. Legislative people like to build new structures, creating their own rules along the way. Executive people are rule followers, they like to be given a predetermined structure in which to work. Judicial people like to evaluate rules and procedures, to analyze a given structure.

The four forms of mental self-government are hierarchical, monarchic, oligarchic, and anarchic. The hierarchic style holds multiple goals simultaneously and prioritizes them. The oligarchic style is similar but differs in involving difficulty prioritizing. The monarchic style, in comparison, focuses on a single activity until completion. The anarchic style resists conformity to "systems, rules, or particular approaches to problems."

The two levels of mental self-government are local and global. The local style focuses on more specific and concrete problems, in extreme case they "can't see the forest for the trees". The global style, in comparison, focuses on more abstract and global problems, in extreme cases they "can't see the trees for the forest".

The two scopes of mental self-government are internal and external. The internal style focuses inwards and prefers to work independently. The external style focuses outwards and prefers to work in collaboration.

The two leanings of mental self-government are the liberal and conservative. These styles have nothing to do with politics. The liberal individual likes change, to go beyond existing rules and procedures. The conservative individual dislikes change and ambiguity, he will be happiest in a familiar and predictable environment.

All people have different profiles of thinking styles which can change over situations and time of life. Moreover, a person can, and often does, have a secondary preferred thinking style.

Bibliography (selection)

On human intelligence

Sternberg, R. J. (1977): Intelligence, information processing, and analogical reasoning: The componential analysis of human abilities.Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sternberg, R. J. (1985): Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. New York City: Cambridge University Press.

Sternberg, R. J. (1990): Metaphors of mind: Conceptions of the nature of intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sternberg, R. J. (1997): Successful intelligence. New York: Plume.

Sternberg, R. J. et al. (2000): Practical intelligence in everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2000): Teaching for successful intelligence. Arlington Heights, IL: Skylight.

Sternberg, R.J. (2007): Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sternberg, R. J. (2010): "College admissions for the 21st century.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

On creativity and intellectual giftedness

Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1995): Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. New York: Free Press.
Sternberg, R. J., & Williams, W. M. (1996): How to develop student creativity. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Sternberg, R. J., James C Kaufman, & Pretz, J. E. (2002): The creativity conundrum: A propulsion model of creative contributions. Philadelphia, PA.

On leadership

On cognitive styles

Other works, including edited volumes

.

References

External links

Robert J. Sternberg. A page dedicated to his life's work.
Biographical sketch, The Psychometrics Centre
, University of Cambridge

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence - uwsp.edu
Video (with mp3 available) of discussion about intelligence and creativity with Sternberg on Bloggingheads.tv

Living people
American cognitive psychologists
Sternberg, Robert J.
American educational psychologists
Intelligence researchers
Jewish American scientists
Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Oklahoma State University faculty
People from Newark, New Jersey
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
Presidents of the University of Wyoming
Stanford University alumni
Tufts University faculty
Yale University alumni
Yale University faculty
20th-century American psychologists
21st-century American psychologists
American textbook writers
21st-century American Jews
1949 births

Robert Sternberg


In geometry, a W-curve is a curve in projective n-space that is invariant under a 1-parameter group of projective transformations. W-curves were first investigated by Felix Klein and Sophus Lie in 1871, who also named them.  W-curves in the real projective plane can be constructed with straightedge alone.  Many well-known curves are W-curves, among them conics, logarithmic spirals, powers (like y = x3), logarithms and the helix, but not e.g. the sine.  W-curves occur widely in the realm of plants.

Name
The 'W' stands for the German 'Wurf' – a throw – which in this context refers to a series of four points on a line. A 1-dimensional W-curve (read: the motion of a point on a projective line) is determined by such a series.

The German "W-Kurve" sounds almost exactly like "Weg-Kurve" and the last can be translated by "path curve". That is why in the English literature one often finds "path curve" or "pathcurve".

See also
 Homography

Further reading
 Felix Klein and Sophus Lie: Ueber diejenigen ebenen Curven... in Mathematische Annalen, Band 4, 1871; online available at the University of Goettingen
 For an introduction on W-curves and how to draw them, see Lawrence Edwards Projective Geometry, Floris Books 2003,
 On the occurrence of W-curves in nature see Lawrence Edwards The vortex of life, Floris Books 1993,
 For an algebraic classification of 2- and 3-dimensional W-curves see Classification of pathcurves
 Georg Scheffers (1903) "Besondere transzendente Kurven", Klein's encyclopedia Band 3–3.

Curves
Projective geometry

W-curve


Lenin Steenkamp (born 9 September 1969 in Durban, South Africa) is a retired South African football player who spent his entire career in the United States.

College
In 1989, Steenkamp entered the College of Boca Raton on a soccer scholarship. Steenkamp was a 1989, 1991 and 1992 First Team NAIA All American soccer player. In 1989 and 1990, Boca Raton finished runner-up in the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1991, the school changed its name to Lynn University and the soccer team won the NAIA national championship. Steenkamp scored both goals in the final and was the tournament MVP. Steenkamp graduated in 1993 and is a member of the Lynn University Athletic Hall of Fame.

Club
During the 1992 college off-season, Steenkamp played for the Boca Raton Sabres of the USISL. In 1993, Steenkamp played for the amateur Club Boca Rotan. This brought him to the attention of the Fort Lauderdale Strikers who signed him for the 1994 American Professional Soccer League season. He missed the first nine games of the season because of visa problems. Then, in July and August 1994, the Strikers sent him on loan to the Carolina Vipers of the Continental Indoor Soccer League. In 1995, he moved to the Atlanta Ruckus. In October 1995, Steenkamp signed with the Tampa Bay Terror of the National Professional Soccer League. He was named to the 1995–1996 All Rookie Team. Steenkamp began the 1996 A-League season with the Ruckus, but was traded to the Montreal Impact in June 1996 despite leading the team with nine goals. The Impact then sent him to the Rochester Rhinos one day later in exchange for Gustavo Romanello and Gustavo Villagra. Steenkamp remained with the Rhinos until his retirement. However, he continued to play indoor soccer, signing with the Buffalo Blizzard in January 1997 and played through the end of the season.

In 2003, Steenkamp became an assistant coach with the Rhinos.

Inaugural Member of Rochester Rhinos Hall of Fame
On 28 July 2011, the Rochester Rhinos announced that Steenkamp would be the first member to be inducted to the new Rhinos Hall of Fame in a ceremony that took place at halftime during the 5 August 2011 match at Sahlen's Stadium. Steenkamp is the all-time leader in games (268) and minutes played (21,613) for the Rochester Rhinos.

References

1969 births
Living people
Soccer players from Durban
American Professional Soccer League players
Men's association football midfielders
Atlanta Silverbacks FC players
Boca Raton Sabres players
Buffalo Blizzard players
Carolina Vipers players
Continental Indoor Soccer League players
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1988–1994) players
Lynn Fighting Knights men's soccer players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
Rochester New York FC players
South African men's soccer players
South African expatriate men's soccer players
South African soccer managers
South African expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Tampa Bay Terror players
USL First Division players
USISL players

Lenin Steenkamp


Studtite, chemical formula [(UO2)O2(H2O)2]·2(H2O) or UO4·4(H2O), is a secondary uranium mineral containing peroxide formed by the alpha-radiolysis of water during formation. It occurs as pale yellow to white needle-like crystals often in acicular, white sprays.

Studtite was originally described by Vaes in 1947 from specimens from Shinkolobwe, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo, and has since been reported from several other localities. The mineral was named for Franz Edward Studt, an English prospector and geologist who was working for the Belgians.

When exposed to air studtite converts over a short time to the metastudtite UO4·2(H2O) form. Despite their apparent chemical simplicity, these two uranyl species are the only reported peroxide minerals.

They may also be readily formed on the surface of nuclear waste under long-term storage and have been found on the surface of spent nuclear fuel stored at the Hanford, Washington nuclear site.  It has also been reported that studtite has since formed on the corium lavas that were created during the course of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident.  Thus, there is considerable evidence that uranyl peroxides such as studtite and metastudtite will be important alteration phases of nuclear waste, possibly at the expense of other minerals, such as uranyl oxides and silicates, which have been more thoroughly studied and are better understood. The formation of these minerals may impact the long-term performance of deep geological repository sites such as Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. Due to insufficient information about these minerals it is unknown if they will make radioactive wastes more or less stable, but the presence of studtite and metastudtite provides a pathway for mobilizing insoluble U(IV) from the corroding fuel surface into soluble uranyl species.

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Oxide minerals
Radioactive waste
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12

Studtite


William Oscar Payne (January 10, 1879 – March 24, 1944) was a longtime professor of history at the University of Georgia.  He served as athletic director at Georgia from 1936 to 1943.

Early life and education
Payne was born in Carnesville, Georgia in 1879.  He attended the University of Georgia where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1900 and a Master of Arts in 1902.  While attending Georgia, he was the captain of the baseball team.  He was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.  He also studied at the University of Chicago, Columbia University and Harvard University.

Career
After his graduation in 1902, Payne became an assistant in the history department at the University of Georgia.  In 1908, he became an assistant professor of history Georgia and was promoted to professor in 1919.  Payne was the faculty chairman of athletics for Georgia from 1934 until 1943.  In 1936, he succeeded Herman Stegeman as athletic director at the University of Georgia.  He served in this capacity at his alma mater until 1943.  From 1911 until his death, Payne served the Delta chapter of Sigma Chi as faculty advisor.

Honors
Payne Hall at the University of Georgia is named in his honor.

References

1879 births
1944 deaths
Georgia Bulldogs baseball players
Georgia Bulldogs athletic directors
University of Georgia alumni
University of Georgia faculty
People from Carnesville, Georgia

William Oscar Payne


is an actress, singer, essayist, and novelist. She works through the Last Scene talent management firm. She attended Meiji University Nakano Junior and Senior High School before transferring to Tokyo Municipal Yoyogi High School, where she graduated.

Brief biography
In 1981, Kawada making an impression in the Shueisha "Miss Young Jump" Grand Prix, she appeared as a regular on the popular TBS television show Tanokin Zenryoku Tokyu. She made her singing debut with , released in 1982 by CBS Sony. The song was used in a commercial for House Foods. In that same year, she made her acting debut with the main heroine role in the TBS drama .

Kawada published her novel  through Kosaidō in 1996, and the novel was made into a film later that year. In 1999, she married one of her fans, Yūrei Yanagi. She then released two self-produced photo books which featured nude images of herself in 2000. In recent years, she has worked with her husband producing short films.

External links

JMDb profile (in Japanese)
Profile at Last Scene

Japanese actresses
1965 births
Living people
Singers from Tokyo
Japanese essayists
20th-century Japanese novelists
21st-century Japanese novelists
20th-century essayists
21st-century essayists

Atsuko Kawada


Fernanda Eberstadt (born 1960 in New York City) is an American writer.

Early life
She is the daughter of two patrons of New York City's avant-garde, Frederick Eberstadt, a photographer and psychotherapist, and Isabel Eberstadt, a writer. Her paternal grandfather was Ferdinand Eberstadt, a Wall Street financier and adviser to presidents; her maternal grandfather was the poet Ogden Nash. One of her brothers, Nicholas Eberstadt, is a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute.

She went to the Brearley School in New York City. As a teenager, she worked at Andy Warhol's Factory and for Diana Vreeland at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Her first published piece was a profile in Andy Warhol's "Interview" in 1979 of the travel writer Bruce Chatwin.

At age eighteen, Eberstadt moved to the United Kingdom, where she was one of the first women to attend Magdalen College, Oxford, from which she graduated in 1982.

Writing career
In 1985, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. published the 25-year-old Eberstadt's first work of literary fiction, titled Low Tide. This told the story of Jezebel, daughter of an English art dealer and a mad Louisiana heiress, and her fatal love affair with two young brothers. It takes place in New York, Oxford and Mexico. Praise for her work landed her an interview with intellectual William F. Buckley on his television program, Firing Line, where she appeared with Bret Easton Ellis, who had published Less than Zero the same year.

Her next novel Isaac and His Devils came in 1991 and was again widely acclaimed, described by Library Journal as a "rich novel, full of promise for the author's future". Set in rural New Hampshire, the novel's hero is Isaac Hooker, a half-deaf, half-blind, hugely fat and ambitious boy-genius and his struggle to fulfill his parents' blighted dreams.

Her third novel, published in 1997 and set in the late 1980s New York art world, When the Sons of Heaven Meet the Daughters of the Earth, recounted the rise and fall of the now young painter, Isaac Hooker.

Eberstadt began writing essays and criticism for such publications as Commentary, The New Yorker, Vogue, The New York Times Magazine, and Vanity Fair.

Her widely cited essay "The Palace and the City", about the Sicilian writer Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa and the politics of urban restoration in Palermo, was published in the December 23, 1991, issue of The New Yorker. Writer Daniel Mendelsohn cited Eberstadt's essay as his all-time favorite piece in The New Yorker.

In more recent years, she has worked extensively for The New York Times Magazine, publishing profiles of the Nobel Prize-winning novelist Orhan Pamuk, of Moroccan-based Spanish writer Juan Goytisolo, and the Portuguese novelist José Saramago, as well as of indie-rock group CocoRosie. Her work appeared in Architectural Digest.

Following her pattern of a six-year interval between novels, Eberstadt published The Furies in 2003. Praised by Kirkus Reviews, Booklist, Publishers Weekly, and The New York Times Book Review, fellow writer Bret Easton Ellis called it "spellbinding", and The New York Observer said "The Furies veers pretty close to genius."

John Updike, reviewing Little Money Street in The New Yorker, described Eberstadt as "ambitious, resourceful novelist".

Life in France
In 1998, Eberstadt went to live on a vineyard in the French Pyrenees, outside the city of Perpignan. She became friends with a family of French gypsy musicians. Her first work of non-fiction, Little Money Street—In Search of Gypsies and Their Music in the South of France, which portrays that friendship, was released by Knopf in March 2006. Lucy Sante called the book "passionate, intimate, at once exhilarating and despairing, a rich and profound work of high nonfiction literature. A portrait of the Gypsies of southwestern France, it is also about family, about consumerism, and about the ruthlessness of a world in which there is no more open world."

Eberstadt and her husband, Alastair Meddon Oswald Bruton, a journalist whom she married on June 5, 1993, live in France; they have two children.

Eberstadt's sixth book, a novel called RAT, was published by Alfred A. Knopf in March 2010. RAT tells the story of a 15-year-old girl who set off on a journey from rural France to London, with her adopted brother in search of her birth father and a better life. Booklist called it "mythic, gritty and unforgettable". Cathleen Medwick in "The New York Times Book Review" praises Eberstadt's "shrewd and sensuous fifth novel." Medwick hails Eberstadt's preoccupation with "the footloose life of the wilfully dispossessed" and writes that "in her novels, idealists and fast trackers wrestle with thorny problems of love and social identity." *

Works
Low tide, A.A. Knopf, 1985
When the Sons of Heaven Meet the Daughters of the Earth, Harvill Panther, 1997,
The Furies: A Novel, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2003,
Little Money Street: In Search of Gypsies and Their Music in the South of France Vintage Departures, Random House LLC, 2008,

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/04/books/review/Medwick-t.html?_r=0

References

1960 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
Writers from New York City
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
American expatriates in France
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American essayists
21st-century American essayists
Brearley School alumni
Novelists from New York (state)
American women essayists

Fernanda Eberstadt


The Arnihaaggen (2,216 m) is a mountain of the Emmental Alps in Switzerland. It lies to the east of the Brienzer Rothorn and to the west of the Höch Gumme. The small mountain lake of Eisee lies immediately to the north.

Administratively, the summit is located within the municipality of Giswil. The south summit (2,207 m) is shared between the municipalities of Giswil, to the north, Hofstetten bei Brienz, to the south-east, and Schwanden bei Brienz, to the south-west. Hofstetten bei Brienz and Schwanden bei Brienz are in the canton of Bern, whilst Giswil is in the canton of Obwalden.

References

External links
 Arnihaaggen on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of the canton of Bern
Mountains of Obwalden
Emmental Alps
Two-thousanders of Switzerland

Arnihaaggen


Anna Karenina is a 2012 historical romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright. Adapted by Tom Stoppard from Leo Tolstoy's 1878 novel of the same name, the film depicts the tragedy of Russian aristocrat and socialite Anna Karenina, wife of senior statesman Alexei Karenin, and her affair with the affluent cavalry officer Count Vronsky. Keira Knightley stars as the titular character; this is her third collaboration with director Joe Wright following Pride & Prejudice (2005) and Atonement (2007). Jude Law and Aaron Taylor-Johnson appear as Karenin and Vronsky, respectively. Matthew Macfadyen, Kelly Macdonald, Domhnall Gleeson, and Alicia Vikander appear in key supporting roles.

Produced by Working Title Films in association with StudioCanal, the film premiered at the 2012 Toronto Film Festival. It was released on 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom and on 9 November 2012 in the United States. Anna Karenina earned a worldwide gross of approximately $69 million, mostly from its international run. The film received mostly positive reviews: critics praised the cast, but commented on and criticized the heavily stylized adaptation, and were less enthusiastic with Wright's preference for style over substance and his idea of setting most of the action on a theatre stage.

It earned four nominations at the 85th Academy Awards and six nominations at the 66th British Academy Film Awards, winning Jacqueline Durran both the Academy Award for Best Costume Design and the BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design. In addition, Anna Karenina garnered six nominations at the 17th Satellite Awards, including a Best Actress nod for Knightley and a Best Adapted Screenplay for Stoppard.

Plot
In the Russian Empire in 1874, Princess Darya, nicknamed "Dolly", banishes her unfaithful husband Prince Stephan "Stiva" Oblonsky. Stiva's sister, Anna Karenina, a socialite living in Saint Petersburg with her older husband Count Alexei Karenin, and son Seryozha, travels to Moscow to persuade Dolly to forgive her brother.

Stiva meets old friend Konstantin "Kostya" Levin, a landowning aristocrat despised by Moscow's elite for preferring the countryside to city life. Levin says he loves Stiva's sister-in-law, Princess Kitty, and Stiva encourages him to propose. Kitty declines as she hopes to marry Count Alexei Vronsky, a wealthy officer. Levin meets his older brother Nikolai, who has renounced his inheritance and lives as man and wife with Masha, a prostitute. Nikolai suggests that Levin should marry a peasant. On the train, Anna meets Vronsky's mother, Countess Vronskaya, isolated by her own infidelities. Anna meets Vronsky and they are instantly attracted to each other. Anna eventually convinces Dolly to take Stiva back. At a ball, Kitty dances once with Vronsky, but throughout the evening he prefers Anna, upsetting Kitty. Vronsky tells Anna he must be wherever she goes.

Back in Saint Petersburg, Vronsky and Anna soon begin to stir gossip. Despite the fact that he has a promotion awaiting him in Tashkent, he refuses it and Anna agrees that she does not want him to leave. They later meet and make love.

Stiva informs Levin that Kitty and Vronsky will not be married. Levin focuses on country life and contemplates marrying a peasant's daughter.

Anna and Seryozha go to the Karenin estate outside Saint Petersburg. Anna visits Vronsky and reveals her pregnancy, and he wants her to leave Karenin. Anna suggests that Karenin come to the horse races but betrays her feelings when Vronsky's horse falls. Afterwards, Anna admits to her husband she is Vronsky's mistress and Karenin says she must renounce him. Levin realises he still loves Kitty. Months later, Anna receives Vronsky. He tells her that his military duties have delayed his visit. Karenin discovers Vronsky visited and steals his letters in order to give himself grounds for a divorce.

Karenin visits Stiva and Dolly to say he is divorcing Anna. They beg him to forgive her, but he refuses. Levin and Kitty, having reunited, announce their love and marry. Anna goes into premature labour and sends for Vronsky, although she later says he could never be the man Karenin is. Karenin returns, believing Anna is dying and forgives her. Anna survives and decides to stay with her husband.

Vronsky persuades Anna to change her mind and they leave for Italy with their daughter, Anya.

Levin and Kitty return to his estate, where a sickly Nikolai lives with Masha in a storeroom. Levin tells Kitty he will send Masha away so Kitty does not have to meet her, but Kitty ignores societal norms to help Masha nurse Nikolai. Levin's love for Kitty grows.

Anna returns to Saint Petersburg for Seryozha's birthday, but Karenin dismisses her. Anna begins to suspect Vronsky of infidelity. She attends the opera with Princess Myagkaya, an outspoken socialite, but the rest of the audience shun her. Humiliated, Anna retains her poise, only to break down at her hotel. She uses morphine to sleep.

Dolly tells her that Kitty is in Moscow to give birth. Dolly says Stiva's behaviour is unchanged, but she has come to accept and love him.

Vronsky informs Anna he must meet his mother for business. Anna becomes upset when Princess Sorokina brings Vronsky back to his home, as she believes Countess Vronskaya wants Vronsky to marry her. Anna returns to Vronsky's estate. On the train, she imagines Vronsky and Princess Sorokina making love and laughing at her. Arriving in Moscow, Anna says to herself, "Oh God. Forgive me," and jumps under a train. The scene flashes to a shocked Vronsky.

Levin returns home from work to find Kitty bathing their child. Stiva and his family eat with Levin and Kitty. Karenin, retired, is seen at his estate, with Seryozha and Anya playing.

Cast

 Keira Knightley as Anna Arkadievna Karenina
 Jude Law as Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin, a senior statesman and Anna's husband
 Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky, lover of Anna, a cavalry officer
 Matthew Macfadyen as Prince Stepan "Stiva" Arkadyevich Oblonsky, Anna's brother, a civil servant
 Kelly Macdonald as Princess Darya "Dolly" Alexandrovna Oblonskaya, Stiva's wife
 Alicia Vikander as Princess Ekaterina "Kitty" Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya, Dolly's younger sister
 Domhnall Gleeson as Konstantin "Kostya" Dmitrievich Levin, a landowner and friend of Stiva
 Olivia Williams as Countess Vronskaya, Vronsky's mother
 Ruth Wilson as Princess Elizaveta "Betsy" Tverskaya, Vronsky's cousin
 Emily Watson as Countess Lidia Ivanovna, leader of a high society circle that includes Karenin
 Michelle Dockery as Princess Myagkaya, a friend of Anna
 Raphaël Personnaz as Count Alexander "Sasha" Kirillovich Vronsky, Alexei's brother
 David Wilmot as Nikolai Dmitrievich Levin, Konstantin's brother
 Emerald Fennell as Princess Merkalova
 Tannishtha Chatterjee as Maria "Masha" Nikolaevna, Nikolai's wife, a former prostitute

Pip Torrens and Susanne Lothar play Prince Shcherbatsky and Princess Shcherbatskaya, parents to Dolly and Kitty. Alexandra Roach plays Countess Nordston. Holliday Grainger plays an unnamed Baroness. Cara Delevingne has a non-speaking role as the younger Princess Sorokina.

Bill Skarsgård makes a brief appearance as Makhotin, while Shirley Henderson appears near the end of the film as an outraged theatre patron. Steve Evets plays Theodore, one of the peasants who work for Konstantin.

John Bradley makes an uncredited cameo appearance as an Austrian prince near the start of the film, while Vicky McClure makes an uncredited cameo appearance as a peasant woman who catches Konstantin's eye.

Production

Joe Wright was hired to direct an adaptation of the Leo Tolstoy novel Anna Karenina, his fourth collaboration with Working Title Films. Wright shot most of his film on a single soundstage, representing a dilapidated theatre, at Shepperton Studios outside London. Italian composer Dario Marianelli composed the film score, while Jacqueline Durran was the costume designer. Sarah Greenwood was in charge of production design. Wright has worked with all three on past productions, including the 2005 film Pride & Prejudice. Further crew members include cinematographer Seamus McGarvey, editor Melanie Ann Oliver, and choreographer Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui.

Casting
The cast includes Keira Knightley as Anna, Jude Law as her husband, Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Vronsky, and Irish actor Domhnall Gleeson as Konstantin Levin, as well as Kelly Macdonald, Olivia Williams, Matthew Macfadyen, Michelle Dockery, and Tannishtha Chatterjee. Saoirse Ronan and Andrea Riseborough were initially cast in the film, but dropped out and were replaced by Alicia Vikander and Ruth Wilson, respectively. Ronan stated that her reasoning behind turning down the role of Kitty was the film's long production schedule. It would have required her to turn down movie roles from autumn 2011 to late spring 2012, to film a supporting role. By turning down the role, she was able to take the lead roles in Byzantium and The Host. The Borgias star Holliday Grainger had a minor role as Baroness Shilton.

Filming
In July 2011, Keira Knightley began rehearsals, in preparation for principal filming which began later in 2011. Filming began in October 2011. The film was distributed by Focus Features in North America and by Universal Pictures International for international markets. The film was released on 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom and 9 November 2012 in the United States.

Music

Critical reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 62% based on 194 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Joe Wright's energetic adaptation of Tolstoy's classic romance is a bold, visually stylized work – for both better and worse." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Oliver Lyttleton of The Playlist awarded the film a B+ and called the picture a "bold reimagining" of the classic novel, comparing Wright's vision to the films of Powell and Pressburger. He noted how Knightley "continues to go from strength to strength" and also praised Law as "excellent". Even though he speculated that "the film is going to divide people enormously", he concluded it was one to "cherish despite its flaws". Ian Freer of Empire awarded the film four stars out of five and was effervescent in his praise for Wright and the final result: he said "Anna Karenina militantly doesn't want to be just another costume drama; it attacks the heavyweight concerns of Russian literature (hypocrisy, jealousy, faith, fidelity, the pastoral vs. the urban, huge mustaches) with wit and verve; most exciting of all, it is filmmaking of the highest order, channeling every other art form from painting to ballet to puppetry while remaining completely cinematic". He lauded the entire cast for their work yet concluded that "this is really its director's movie".

In The Observer, Jason Solomons also called Knightley "superb", and declared that the film "works beautifully...[it is] elegant and exciting [and] ...incredibly cinematic". Leslie Felperin of Variety was more reserved in her praise for the film, observing that although Wright "knows how to get the best from Knightley" and noting that the film was technically "glorious", it was also "unmistakably chilly" in the storytelling. The Daily Mirror singled out Knightley as "excellent" and lauded Wright for "offer[ing] a fresh vision of the Tolstoy classic", concluding the picture to be "with its beautiful cinematography and costumes... a real success".

Others were less impressed with the film and Wright's take on such a classic text. The Hertfordshire Mercury conceded that "costumes and art direction are ravishing, and Seamus McGarvey's cinematography shimmers with rich colour", but ultimately found there to be "no obvious method behind this production design madness". Stella Papamichael of Digital Spy also awarded the picture only two stars out of five, commenting that "the third time isn't such a charm for director Joe Wright and muse Keira Knightley". Although she found the actress "luminous in the role" she criticised Wright for "outshining" his star and affecting the narrative momentum by "favouring a glossy look over probing insights into a complicated character". Neil Smith of Total Film also awarded the film two out of five stars, lamenting the fact that Wright's elaborate stage design "pull[s] the attention away from where it should be... [and] keeps [us] at arm's length, forever highlighting the smoke, mirrors and meticulous stage management that have been pressed into service to make his big idea a reality". He also dismissed Knightley's performance as "less involving" than her "similar" turn in The Duchess. Richard Brody of The New Yorker criticized Wright for diverging from Tolstoy, without adding anything beyond superficialities in return: "Wright, with flat and flavorless images of an utterly impersonal banality, takes Tolstoy's plot and translates it into a cinematic language that's the equivalent of, say, Danielle Steel, simultaneously simplistic and overdone."

Accolades

See also
 Adaptations of Anna Karenina

References

External links

2012 films
2010s historical romance films
2012 romantic drama films
American epic films
American historical romance films
American romantic drama films
BAFTA winners (films)
British epic films
British historical romance films
British romantic drama films
Films about infidelity
Films about the upper class
Films about royalty
Films based on Anna Karenina
Films directed by Joe Wright
Films produced by Eric Fellner
Films produced by Tim Bevan
Films scored by Dario Marianelli
Films set in 1874
Films set in 19th-century Russian Empire
Films set in Moscow
Films set in Saint Petersburg
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
Films shot in Oxfordshire
Films shot in Russia
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
Films with screenplays by Tom Stoppard
Working Title Films films
Universal Pictures films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
2010s British films

Anna Karenina (2012 film)


Stomoxys calcitrans is commonly called the stable fly, barn fly, biting house fly, dog fly, or power mower fly. Unlike most members of the family Muscidae, Stomoxys calcitrans ('sharp mouth' + 'kicking') and others of its genus suck blood from mammals. Now found worldwide, the species is considered to be of Eurasian origin.

Physical features
The stable fly resembles the common housefly (Musca domestica), though smaller, and on closer examination has a slightly wider and spotted abdomen. Adults are generally about  in length and a lighter color than the housefly. Unlike the housefly, where the mouth part is adapted for sponging, the stable fly mouth parts have biting structures.

Habitat
As its name suggests, the stable fly is abundant in and around where cattle are kept. Its maggots are often seen in the rotting manure near cattle and poultry.

Biology

The earliest and one of the most comprehensive accounts of stable fly biology was presented by F. Bishop in 1913. The adults of both sexes feed on the blood of warm-blooded animals during the daytime. For egg production, the female requires its abdomen to be engorged with blood. The female takes approximately 2–5 minutes to engorge, after which it becomes sluggish for a while. The eggs are laid among putrefying organic materials such as hay, manure, and wood. Males usually die after mating and the females after laying eggs. The life cycle has a duration of about two weeks at temperatures around . The duration is highly dependent on temperature and nutrient quality available for the larvae. Bishop (1913) noted that the larvae can endure for more than 30 days in less nutritious environs.

Economic importance
Cattle heavily infested with stable flies have been noted to become anemic and milking cows have been observed to show lower milk production. The stable fly bites humans at rest in the outdoors. In many parts of the world, the species is a carrier of trypanosomid parasites. Some of the reported parasites and diseases for which the stable fly might be a vector include Trypanosoma evansi (the agent of Surra), Trypanosoma brucei, brucellosis, equine infectious anemia, African horse sickness (AHS), and fowlpox.
S. calcitrans is also reported to be a vector of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax.

References

External links

 University of Michigan

Muscidae
Veterinary entomology
Diptera of Europe
Flies described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Stable fly


Ocular larva migrans (OLM), also known as ocular toxocariasis, is the ocular form of the larva migrans syndrome that occurs when Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) larvae invade the eye. They may be associated with visceral larva migrans. Unilateral visual disturbances, strabismus, and eye pain are the most common presenting symptoms.

Diagnosis
The disease presents with an eosinophilic granulomatous mass, most commonly in the posterior pole of the retina. The granulomatous mass develops around the entrapped larva, in an attempt to contain the spread of the larva.

ELISA testing of intraocular fluids has been demonstrated to be of great value in diagnosing ocular toxocariasis.

Differential diagnosis
The retinal lesion can mimic retinoblastoma in appearance, and mistaken diagnosis of the latter condition can lead to unnecessary enucleation.

Complications
The eye involvement can cause the following inflammatory disorders:
 endophthalmitis
 uveitis
 chorioretinitis

Epidemiology
In contrast to visceral larva migrans, ocular toxocariasis usually develops in older children or young adults with no history of pica. These patients seldom have eosinophilia or visceral manifestations.

References

External links

Eye diseases
Tropical diseases

Ocular larva migrans


There Is an Ocean is a film documenting the Scottish songwriter Donovan during his time spent in Greece with his band Open Road in 1970. The film remained unreleased until 2005 when it was included in the box set Try for the Sun: The Journey of Donovan.

Background

In 1969 Donovan left the United States at the height of his popularity, leaving his longtime producer Mickie Most, and returned home to explore new directions in his music. With drummer "Candy" John Carr and bassist/guitarist Mike Thompson, he formed a band called Open Road, who released an eponymous album in 1970. Donovan's plan was to tour the world with the band for one year, primarily by boat, as a "tax exile" from the UK. In order to avoid Britain's exorbitant taxes, he needed to be gone from the 5th of April one year to the 5th of April the next, so at the onset of spring, Donovan flew to Greece where he met up with friends, family, bandmates, and his yacht, christened Vagrant.

The band stayed on the island of Crete where they rehearsed for upcoming dates in France, Italy, and Japan, and sailed to various fishing villages on the islands of Sikinos, Ios, and Ithaca to play pop-up gigs for locals and tourists. It is these impromptu concerts, along with the beauty of Greece's landscapes and views of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, that There Is an Ocean documents.

The film was directed, edited, and produced by British filmmaker Nigel Lesmoir-Godon, who had also made a film about Syd Barrett during the early days of Pink Floyd.

Songs

Although Donovan and Open Road had electric instruments in their rehearsal space on Crete, these sessions do not appear on film. All songs are performed by Mike Thompson and Donovan playing acoustic guitars and John Carr on bongo drums and bells. Sometimes the group use microphones, sometimes not. Donovan also sings "The Pee Song" with his three-year-old son.

At the time of filming, none of the songs featured in There Is an Ocean had appeared on any of Donovan's albums, with the exception of "Riki Tiki Tavi". Most other songs would appear on subsequent releases between 1971 and 2010.

Song list
"Sailing Homeward"c
"Two Types of People"
"Sailing Homeward"c (reprise)
"The Pee Song"b (with Donovan Leitch, Jr.)
"Love Seed"e
"The Garden"d
"Electric Moon"f
"It's Got to Be Gas"
"Barabajagal Came to Blythe Fair"
"Sailing Homeward"c (re-reprise)
"Your Love Is Taking Me Higher"
"Riki Tiki Tavi"a
"When the Big Moon Rise"
"Happy Birthday"/"Ocean"
"Moon Dance" (Grecian bagpipe music)
"The Journey to Ithaca" (poem by Constantine Cavafy)
"There Is an Ocean"c

Studio versions

Studio recordings of the songs in the film appear on the following Donovan albums:
a  Open Road (1970)
b HMS Donovan (1971)
c Essence to Essence (1974)
d Sutras (1996)
e Ritual Groove (2010)
f    Lyrics appear in Donovan's autobiography (2007)

Personnel
 Donovan Leitch – narration, guitar, vocals
 Mike Thompson – guitar, vocals
 "Candy" John Carr – percussion, vocals
 David Reid – photography
 Chris O'Dell – photography
 Robbie Laurie – assistant
 Greg Bailey – sound recording
 Nigel Lesmoir-Gordon – director, editing, producer

References

1970 films
1970 in Greece
1970 in music
Films shot in Greece
British documentary films
2000s English-language films
1970s English-language films
1970s British films
2000s British films

There Is an Ocean


Lethe Vallis is a valley in the Elysium Planitia on Mars, located at 4° North and 206.5° West.  It is 225 km long and is named after river Lethe in Katmai National Monument, Alaska, USA.  Lethe Vallis originates at the SE margin of the West Elysium Basin (Cerberus Palus).  West Elysium Basin probably contained a lake that was 500 km across and received water from Athabasca Vallis.  It was probably formed in just days or weeks and had a discharge about like the Mississippi.  Some have suggested it was formed from lava flows, but lava would not be able to flow over such a low gradient for so long a distance.

References

Valleys and canyons on Mars
Elysium quadrangle

Lethe Vallis


The Tufts OpenCourseWare (OCW) project, was a web-based publication of educational material from a number of Tufts University courses, providing open sharing of free, searchable, high-quality course content to educators, students, and self-learners throughout the global community.  The Tufts OCW initiative encouraged the publication and free exchange of course materials on the World Wide Web.  First launched in June 2005, Tufts OCW provided materials with strong representation from Tufts' health sciences schools, some of which were equivalent to textbooks in depth. All materials on the Tufts OCW site were accessible and free of charge.  As Tufts OCW is not a distance learning program, no registration, applications, prerequisites, or fees are required and no credit is granted. Tufts ended funding for its Open Courseware initiative in 2014, and content on the Tufts OCW web site was removed on June 30, 2018.

History
OpenCourseWare was launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1999 as an initiative with the goals of providing free, searchable access to MIT's course material for the general public and expanding the reach of the OCW concept.  In 2004, Tufts was invited to join MIT in its OpenCourseWare initiative. Tufts' expertise in the health sciences and international policy complemented MIT's strengths in engineering and science, and Tufts' track record of creating an extensive body of digital materials and tools to support health sciences education made Tufts a ready partner.

Tufts OCW launched in June 2005 as a University-wide initiative, with six courses from three of its four health sciences schools. Tufts' partnership with MIT and other early participants in the OCW movement has evolved into the OpenCourseWare Consortium (OCWC), an organization with more than 200 member universities and associated institutions from around the world dedicated to advancing education and empowering learners through OCW.

Tufts ended funding for its Open Courseware initiative in 2014, and content on the Tufts OCW web site was removed on June 30, 2018; however, Tufts continued to partner with MIT to provide content via MIT OpenCourseWare.

OER
Tufts OCW could be considered within the broader context of the open educational resources (OER) movement.  OER can include open content, tools, or infrastructure. Tufts has been engaging in OER work for more than a decade, with the majority of efforts related to the development of the Tufts University Sciences Knowledgebase (TUSK).  TUSK is an integrated digital repository and curriculum knowledge management and delivery system used by Tufts' health sciences schools and programs, and health sciences institutions in India, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, and the United States.  TUSK's use of the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as the controlled vocabulary for its content management (metadata, searching, etc.) enables the creation and delivery of integrated, developmental curricula by individuals or teams of faculty across the health sciences.

In 2002, UNESCO organized the Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries, which was attended by representatives of universities from both developed and developing countries. At this conference, the term open education resource was more clearly defined as "the open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use, and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes".

In addition to TUSK, a number of other Tufts OER initiatives can be accessed from the Tufts OCW site including:
 The Child & Family WebGuide – describes trustworthy websites on topics of interest to parents and professionals.
 The Perseus Digital Library – provides content and tools to enhance the study of the classics, including ancient Greek and Latin literature, history, art, and archeology.
 Selected Patient Information Resources in Asian Languages (SPIRAL) – funded by the National Library of Medicine to promote patient education, particularly for the underserved, provides health information in Chinese, Cambodian/Khmer, Hmong, Japanese, Korean, Laotian, Thai and Vietnamese.
 Tufts Digital Library – digital resources produced and developed at Tufts University for teaching and research; built on Fedora, an Open Source digital repository architecture.
 Visual Understanding Environment (VUE) – an information management application that provides an interactive, concept mapping interface to digital resources accessed via the Web, from Fedora-based digital repositories, FTP servers, or local file systems.

Creative Commons Licensing
Tufts OCW is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons (CC) license, which protects the copyright holder's works while encouraging certain uses of the works.  Tufts OCW has chosen the following CC license options: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike.  Most content published on the Tufts OCW site is licensed under the Creative Commons license which allows reuse and the creation of derivative works as long as the terms of the CC license are met.

Tufts Schools represented through OCW
 Tufts School of Dental Medicine
 Tufts School of Medicine
 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy
 The Fletcher School
 Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
 School of Arts & Sciences

See also
 Open educational resources
 Selected Patient Information Resources in Asian Languages, educational web resource maintained by Tufts University

Notes and references

External links
 Tufts OCW The site has been "retired" in 2014: "Tufts ended funding for its Open Courseware initiative in 2014. As a result, we retired the Tufts OCW web site on June 30, 2018" Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20140123182313/http://ocw.tufts.edu/

Creative Commons-licensed websites
Tufts University
OpenCourseWare

Tufts OpenCourseWare


Mahaica-Berbice (Region 5) is a region in the northeast of Guyana. The regional capital is Fort Wellington.

The region has an area of 4,190 km². As of the 2012 census, 49,723 people lived there. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, the region of Upper Demerara-Berbice to the south and the region of Demerara-Mahaica to the west.

Regions of Guyana

Mahaica-Berbice


Battersea is a historic plantation home located on the Appomattox River at Petersburg, Virginia. It was built in 1768 for U.S. Founding Father Colonel John Banister (1734–1788), the first mayor of Petersburg, a colonel of cavalry in the Revolutionary War, member of the Virginia House of Burgesses delegate to the Continental Congress, and signer of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, Virginia State Constitution, and the Articles of Confederation.  It is a symmetrical five-part Palladian house consisting of a two-story central block topped by a pyramidal roof, one-story wings that act as hyphens, and 1 1/2-story end pavilions. Although modeled in the Palladian style, its unique character is adapted to a colonial American lifestyle.  Battersea is similar in design to the Palladian mansion at Lower Brandon Plantation in nearby Prince George, also completed in the 1760s and perhaps designed by Thomas Jefferson.  Although the designer of Battersea remains a mystery, he would have been conversant in European tastes of the day. Also on the property are the contributing greenhouse and a kitchen, which may have additionally served as a laundry and servants' quarter. The brick greenhouse, or orangerie, is significant for its rarity and design. Built between 1825-1835, it is almost 190 years old and remains one of the few of its kind still in existence.  The ruins of Bannister's Mill, a gristmill built in 1732, are located nearby on land that was part of Battersea plantation in the 18th century.

Battersea has been privately owned since 2006, and was purchased by the Battersea Foundation in 2011. Battersea Foundation is a nonprofit whose mission is to preserve Historic Battersea and offer educational, artistic and cultural experiences that inform, enrich and inspire the public. They host several events at Battersea throughout the year.

Battersea was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

References

External links

Battersea, 793 Appomattox Street, Petersburg, Petersburg, VA: 32 photos, 19 measured drawings, and 9 data pages at Historic American Buildings Survey

Palladian Revival architecture in Virginia
Houses completed in 1768
Houses in Petersburg, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Petersburg, Virginia
Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
1768 establishments in Virginia
Homes of United States Founding Fathers

Battersea (Petersburg, Virginia)


Simone "Simca" Beck (7 July 1904 – 20 December 1991) was a French cookbook writer and cooking teacher who, along with colleagues Julia Child and Louisette Bertholle, played a significant role in the introduction of French cooking technique and recipes into American kitchens.

Early life
Beck was born on 7 July 1904, in Tocqueville-en-Caux, near Dieppe in Normandy. Her family was rich because they had a business in production of Benedictine liqueur. When she was little, she liked helping her family cook to prepare desserts or entire meals.

In 1923, at her parents' urging to marry, she wed Jacques Jarlaud. After surviving a car crash in 1928, she worked for four years bookbinding and being a sales representative, where she met her second husband. In 1933, at the end of her marriage with Jacques Jarlaud, she applied to the Le Cordon Bleu school in Paris.

In 1936, Beck met Jean Victor Fischbacher. After marrying him in 1937, she kept her maiden name as a pen name and professionally, but used her husband's name socially.

Cooking career
The start of Beck's professional career as a cook and teacher was after World War II, and after joining Le Cercle des Gourmettes, an exclusive women's culinary club. She became involved in the world of cooking. She was inspired to write a cookbook for Americans by Louisette Bertholle and Fischbacher.

The first attempt at writing a cookbook wasn't successful, so Beck and Bertholle published the brief What's Cooking in France? in 1952. After that Beck published a booklet Le pruneau devant le fourneau: Recettes de cuisine (ca. 1952), Beck's only publication in French. In 1949, after she had met Julia Child, she became inspired to write a French cookbook for Americans again. She, Child, and Bertholle together wrote Mastering the Art of French Cooking, which was published in 1961. Mastering the Art of French Cooking, Vol. II (without Louisette Bertholle) followed in 1970, elaborating on several subjects (particularly baking and charcuterie) that the authors felt had received insufficient coverage in the first volume.

Both Bertholle and Child became members of Le Cercle des Gourmettes. After three years, the three women formed l'École des trois gourmandes to give lessons in French cooking to American women who lived in Paris. This school had been working up to the late 1970s. While Child became a successful television chef in the United States, Beck continued her teaching practice at home. In 1972 she published her own cookbook, Simca's Cuisine (with Patricia Simon), using some of the recipes that had not been mentioned in her previous books with Child and Bertholle. In 1979, she published the second volume, New Menus from Simca's Cuisine, with Michael James, who was her student, friend, and assistant since the 1970s. Food and Friends: Recipes and Memories from Simca's Cuisine, her autobiography and last cookbook (with Suzy Patterson), was published in 1991, the year she died.

Death
Simone Beck died on Friday, December 20, 1991, at her home in Châteauneuf-de-Grasse, a small village near Nice. She was 87.
Her cousin, Harold Earle said she had been having heart problems for several months and had stopped eating, he added, "The doctor said that because she wouldn't eat, she died".

In popular culture

 Beck was portrayed by American actress Linda Emond in the 2009 film Julie & Julia.
 Beck was portrayed by Isabella Rossellini in the 2022 comedy television series Julia.

Bibliography
What's Cooking in France (Ives Washburn, Inc., 1952)
Le pruneau devant le fourneau: Recettes de cuisine (Louis Moulinié, 1957)
Mastering the Art of French Cooking Volume 1 co-authored with Julia Child and Louisette Bertholle 1961,
Mastering the Art of French Cooking Volume 2 co-authored with Julia Child) 1970,
Simca's Cuisine: 100 Classic French Recipes for Every Occasion co-authored with Patricia Simon 1972,
New Menus from Simca's Cuisine co-authored with Michael James 1979,
Food and Friends: Recipes and Memories from Simca's Cuisine co-authored with Suzanne Patterson 1991,

References

External links
Simone Beck Papers.
Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

1904 births
1991 deaths
French chefs
Women cookbook writers
Alumni of Le Cordon Bleu
20th-century French women writers
20th-century French non-fiction writers
James Beard Foundation Award winners

Simone Beck


You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic is the fourth solo studio album by Ian Hunter. The album featured members of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band as the backing band. Allmusic considers the album to be Hunter's best.

Hunter says that the title had been spotted on a toilet wall by co-producer Mick Ronson, who planned to use it for one of his solo albums. Hunter loved the title so much that he offered Ronson co-writing credit on the first single "Just Another Night" in exchange for the use of the title for the album. "Just Another Night" reached the Billboard Hot 100 No. 68. The album became one of Hunter's biggest sellers at the time.

In 2009 EMI released a 30th-anniversary reissue of the album remastered with five bonus tracks on the first disc of outtakes and a second disc of live tracks recorded on the tour to support the album but previously unreleased. The reissue also came with a deluxe booklet discussing the making of the album, along with vintage and new interviews with Hunter.

The song "Cleveland Rocks" (originally recorded as a single for Columbia Records and entitled "England Rocks" around the time of "Overnight Angels") later became a hit when The Presidents of the United States of America re-recorded the song as the theme song to The Drew Carey Show in 1997, raising Hunter's profile. Also, singer Barry Manilow covered the song "Ships" for his album One Voice which became a top-ten hit.

Track listing
All tracks written by Ian Hunter except where noted.
Side one
"Just Another Night" (Hunter, Mick Ronson) – 4:36
"Wild East" – 3:58
"Cleveland Rocks" – 3:48
"Ships" – 4:11
"When the Daylight Comes" – 4:27

Side two
"Life After Death" – 3:49
"Standin' in My Light" – 4:35
"Bastard" – 6:37
"The Outsider" – 5:57

Deluxe Edition track listing
Disc 1
 "Just Another Night"
 "Wild East"
 "Cleveland Rocks"
 "Ships"
 "When the Daylight Comes"
 "Life After Death"
 "Standin' in My Light"
 "Bastard"
 "The Outsider"
 "Don't Let Go" (Demo)
 "Ships" (Take 1)
 "When The Daylight Comes" (Early Version)
 "Just Another Night" (Early Version) (aka "The Other Side of Life")
 "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On"

Disc 2
 "F.B.I." – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79
 "Once Bitten Twice Shy" – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79
 "Life After Death" – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79
 "Sons and Daughters" – Live at the Hammersmith Odeon, London 22/11/79
 "Laugh at Me" – Live at the Hammersmith Odeon, London 22/11/79
 "Just Another Night" – Live at the Hammersmith Odeon, London 22/11/79
 "One of the Boys" – Live at the Hammersmith Odeon, London 22/11/79
 "Letter to Brittania from Union Jack" – Live in Berkeley Community Theatre, Berkeley 7/7/79
 "Bastard" – Live in Berkeley Community Theatre, Berkeley 7/7/79
 "All the Way from Memphis" – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79
 "Cleveland Rocks" – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79
 "All the Young Dudes" – Live at the Hammersmith Odeon, London 22/11/79
 "When the Daylight Comes" – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79
 "Sweet Angeline" – Live in Agora Ballroom, Cleveland 18/6/79

Charts

Personnel
Ian Hunter – lead vocals, guitar, piano, Moog, ARP, organ, harmony vocals, percussion
Mick Ronson – guitars, dual lead vocals on "When the Daylight Comes", harmony vocals, percussion
Roy Bittan – ARP, organ, Moog, piano, harmony vocals
Max Weinberg – drums
Garry Tallent – bass
John Cale – piano & ARP on "Bastard"
George Young – tenor saxophone
Lew Delgatto – baritone saxophone
Ellen Foley – harmony vocals
Rory Dodd – harmony vocals
Eric Bloom – harmony vocals

Production
Mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound, NYC
Bob Clearmountain - engineer
Don Berman, Scott Litt - additional recording
Georgina Karvellas - illustration

References

1979 albums
Ian Hunter (singer) albums
Albums produced by Mick Ronson
Chrysalis Records albums

You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic


Russian irredentism (), sometimes expressed by the term Greater Russia (), refers to territorial claims made on behalf of the Russian Federation to parts of the former Russian Empire and/or the former Soviet Union. It seeks to politically incorporate Russians who are living in territories that fall outside of Russia's modern borders.

Since it began in 2014, the Russo-Ukrainian War has been described as a culmination of Russia's irredentist policies towards Ukraine. Specific examples of these irredentist policies being implemented in the Ukrainian conflict include the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the Russian annexation of southeastern Ukraine in 2022, with the latter having occurred amidst the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Ideological background
Specifically looking at the viewpoints of post-Soviet Russian leader Vladimir Putin, Erdi Ozturk, a professor at London Metropolitan University, has commented that irredentist ideology relies upon a "distinction between civilizations by synthesizing nationalism with nostalgic visions of history, memory, and religion."

History

Imperial era
From roughly the 16th century to the 20th century, the Russian Empire followed an expansionist policy. Few of these actions had irredentist justifications, though the conquest of parts of the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus in 1877 to bring Armenian Christians under the protection of the Tsar may represent one example. Russia has also had a historical interest in Constantinople

Post-Soviet era
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it was thought that the Russian Federation had given up on plans of territorial expansion or kin-state nationalism, despite some 25 million ethnic Russians living in neighboring countries outside Russia. Stephen M. Saideman and R. William Ayres assert that Russia followed a non-irredentist policy in the 1990s despite some justifications for irredentist policies—one factor disfavoring irredentism was a focus by the ruling interest in consolidating power and the economy within the territory of Russia. Furthermore, a stable policy of irredentism popular with the electorate was not found, and politicians proposing such ideas did not fare well electorally. Russian nationalist politicians tended to focus on internal threats (i.e. "outsiders") rather than on the interests of Russians outside the federation.

Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)

It has been proposed that the annexation of Crimea in 2014 proves Russia's adherence to irredentism today. After the event in Crimea, the Transnistrian authorities requested Russia to annex Transnistria.

The annexation of Crimea led to a new wave of Russian nationalism, with large parts of the Russian far right movement aspiring to annex even more land from Ukraine, including the unrecognized Novorossiya. Analyst Vladimir Socor proposed that Russian president Vladimir Putin's speech after the annexation of Crimea was a de facto "manifesto of Greater-Russia Irredentism". After international sanctions were imposed against Russia in early 2014, within a year the "Novorossiya" project was suspended: on 1 January 2015, the founding leadership announced the project has been put on hold, and on 20 May the constituent members announced the freezing of the political project.

On 12 July 2021, the official website for the Office of the President of Russia published an essay On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians written by Vladimir Putin in which he describes historically that "Russians and Ukrainians were one people".

On 21 February 2022, Putin recognized the independence of pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk, as well as their irredentist claims to the Donbas region of Ukraine, and sent Russian troops into Ukraine.

Full-scale invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)

On 24 February, Russia formally invaded Ukraine, which is seen as a continuation of Russia's irredentism at the expense of Ukraine. Parallels were made between Putin's irredentism during the Ukrainian War and Slobodan Milosevic's irredentism during the Bosnian War.

On 1 March 2022, images emerged in the press showing Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko in front of a map which appeared to show invasion plans for Moldova where Russia already has soldiers in the breakaway region of Transnistria.

On 27 March 2022, Leonid Pasechnik leader of the LPR said that the Luhansk People's Republic may hold a referendum to join Russia in the near future. On 29 March, Denis Pushilin leader of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic talked about a similar possibility. A day later, South Ossetian President Anatoly Bibilov announced his intention to begin legal proceedings in the near future for annexation by the Russian Federation.

On 8 June 2022, a draft bill was submitted to the State Duma by a member of the ruling United Russia party proposing to repeal the Decree of the State Council of the Soviet Union "On the Recognition of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania". On 6 July 2022, amid the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and Western sanctions, the speaker of Russia's State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin threatened to "claim back" Alaska if the US froze or seized Russian assets.

On 19 September 2022, the public chambers of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic appealed to their heads of state with a request to "immediately" hold a referendum on joining Russia. Next day the People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic scheduled a referendum on the republic's entry into Russia as a federal subject for 23–27 September. Soon after, the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic announced that the referendum on the entry of the DPR into the Russian Federation would be held on the same date.

On 27 September 2022, during the 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, according to the results released by Russian occupation authorities in Ukraine, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, as well as occupied parts of Zaporizhzhia and Kherson Oblasts overwhelmingly voted in favor of annexation, with 99.23%, 98.42%, 93.11% and 87.05% of support, respectively. It was also announced that the turnout exceeded 75% in each region and exceeded 97% in Donetsk Oblast. However, the voting has been widely dismissed as a sham referendum by Ukraine and much of the Western world.

On 30 September 2022, Putin announced in a speech that Russia had annexed the four regions occupied during the conflict.

Critical analysis of Russian irredentism and international reactions

Some Russian nationalists seek to annex parts of the "near abroad", such as the Baltic states. Governor of the Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast Yevgeny Balitsky has described how "all of the Baltics" were "all our lands, and our people live there," calling to "correct this...through the might of Russian weapons" and "get our people back, the former subjects of the Russian Empire". Others also some fear potential escalation due to Russian irredentist aspirations in Northern Kazakhstan.

Looking at the Russian efforts as a whole, the news network Al Jazeera has quoted University of San Francisco scholar Stephen Zunes as remarking, "The level of physical devastation and casualties thus far over a relatively short period is perhaps the [worst] in recent decades which, combined with the irredentist aims of the conquest, makes Russia's war on Ukraine particularly reprehensible in the eyes of the international community."

U.S. news publication The Washington Post has stated that the Russian government could start a chain reaction of irredentist mass violence, which then "could break the international order".

These annexations and irredentist aspirations were declared illegal by the UN. On 12 October 2022, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution ES-11/4 advocating for territorial integrity of Ukraine, with 143 nations voting in favor, 5 against and 35 abstaining. It condemned the "illegal so-called referendums" and the "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia immediately reverse its decisions and withdraw its forces from Ukraine.

See also

 All-Russian nation
 Eurasianism
 Great Russian chauvinism
 Greater Serbia
 Putinism
 Russian imperialism
 Russification
 Separatism in Russia
 Territorial evolution of Russia
 Union State
 Ultranationalism
 Soviet Empire

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

Irredentism
Territorial disputes of Russia
Articles containing video clips

Russian irredentism


Samuel Allen Counter Jr. (July 8, 1944 – July 12, 2017) was a professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School and inaugural director of the Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations.

Early life
Samuel Allen Counter Jr. was born in Americus, Georgia. His mother, Anne (née Johnson), was a nurse and his father managed businesses, but died prematurely of a heart attack. Counter grew up in south Florida in the segregated town of Boynton Beach and attended his first civil rights protest as the youngest participant at a "swim-in" at a white-only beach.

Counter studied biology and sensory physiology as an undergraduate at Tennessee State University, then earned his doctorate in electrophysiology from Case Western University. He later earned a PhD from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden.

Career
Counter joined the Harvard faculty in 1970, first serving as a postdoctoral fellow and assistant neurophysiologist at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. As a neuroscientist, his research focused on nerve, muscle and auditory physiology as well as diagnosis of brain injury. In 1970, the U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare named Counter to National Institute of Mental Health's National Advisory Mental Health Council.

In 1981 Counter worked with Harvard President Derek Bok, Dean Henry Rosovsky, and Reverend Peter Gomes to create the Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations, for which Counter became the founding director. He remained director until his death in 2017.

In addition to his work at Harvard, Counter was also adjunct professor of neuroscience at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and served as Consul General of Sweden in Boston and New England.

Counter was also known for his achievements as an explorer. In 1971, he located a group of people living in the rain forest in northern Brazil, Suriname and French Guiana; the group was descended from African slaves. Suriname was long inhabited by various indigenous people before being invaded and contested by European powers from the 16th century, eventually coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century. As the chief sugar colony during the Dutch colonial period, it was primarily a plantation economy dependent on African slaves and, following the abolition of slavery in 1863, indentured servants from Asia. Suriname was ruled by the Dutch-chartered company Society of Suriname between 1683 and 1795. In 1986, Counter was approached by an Inuit who claimed, without adducing any evidence, to be the child of Matthew A. Henson who subsequently introduced Counter to another Inuit who claimed, again without evidence, to be the child of Robert E. Peary. Counter was elected to The Explorers Club in 1989.

Counter designed Arthur Ashe's memorial at Woodland Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia, dedicated on what would have been Ashe's 50th birthday on July 10, 1993.

Awards and honors
In 2012, Counter was knighted by Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden.

In 2013, Counter was awarded the Explorers Club's Lowell Thomas Award, recognizing "the principle of just dealing and right action in field exploration."

Works
 I Sought My Brother: An Afro-American Reunion with David L. Evans (MIT Press, 1981; accompaniment to 1978 PBS special by Evans and Allen)
North Pole Legacy: Black, White and Eskimo (University of Massachusetts Press, 1991)
North Pole Promise: Black, White, and Inuit Friends (Bauhan Publishing, Peterborough, NH, 2017 $19.95 (144p) )

References

External links

1944 births
2017 deaths
21st-century African-American scientists
American neuroscientists
American polar explorers
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Harvard University administrators
Harvard Medical School faculty
Academic staff of the Karolinska Institute
People from Americus, Georgia
People from Boynton Beach, Florida
Tennessee State University alumni
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people

S. Allen Counter