RFTC is an album by American punk rock band Rocket from the Crypt, released in 1998 by Interscope Records. It was the band's second major-label release. A music video was filmed for the single "Break it Up" and the band embarked on tours in support of the album, on which they were joined by Chris Prescott from San Diego bands Tanner and No Knife who performed as touring percussionist and keyboardist.

Although overall reaction to the album was positive and singles "Break it Up" and "Lipstick" received radio airplay, RFTC failed to sell impressive numbers to the degree that Interscope had hoped. The label soon turned their attention to higher-grossing acts, leading the band to end their contract with the label the following year. Disagreements between members concerning the professional direction of the band following their departure from Interscope would lead to drummer Atom leaving the group in early 2000. Though the band would continue to record and perform with a new drummer, they would not be as prolific as in their past.

Recording the album
In the album's liner notes, singer/guitarist John Reis states that the entire recording of RFTC was conducted completely live except for the second vibraslap hit on the first verse of "You Gotta Move." He also states that the band were able to use a number of microwave enhancement techniques to exceed the normal industry recording rate of 20 digi-bits per second on compact discs, achieving a rate of 23 digi-bits per second and resulting in a higher quality recording.

Track listing
"Eye on You"
"Break it Up"
"I Know"
"Panic Scam"
"Made for You"
"Lipstick"
"You Gotta Move"
"Your Touch"
"Let's Get Busy"
"Dick on a Dog"
"Back in the State"
"When in Rome"
"Run Kid Run"

Personnel
Speedo (John Reis) - guitar, lead vocals
ND (Andy Stamets) - guitar, backing vocals
Petey X (Pete Reichert) - bass, backing vocals
Apollo 9 (Paul O'Beirne) - saxophone, vibraslap, backing vocals
JC 2000 (Jason Crane) - trumpet, percussion, organ, backing vocals
Atom (Adam Willard) - drums, timbales
Jim Dickinson - piano, hammond organ
Anton Fig - congas on "You Gotta Move"
Derek Sherinan - piano on "You Gotta Move," organ on "Made for You"
King Django - trombone on "Back in the State"
Holly Golightly - additional vocals on "Eye on You"
Mike Gent - additional vocals at the end of "Run Kid Run"

Album information
Record label:
CD: Interscope Records
LP: Sympathy for the Record Industry
UK release: Elemental Records
Produced, recorded and mixed by Kevin Shirley at Avatar Studios in New York
Extra audio enhancement techniques supervised by the staff at Caveman Productions
Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound in New York
Art direction and illustrations by Rick Froberg
Layout and type by Brent Stickels
Insert photo by Michael Halsband
Booklet photos by Miki Vukovich
Photography by Miki Vukovich
All songs published by Mr. Buttermaker Painting, BMI

References

1998 albums
Sympathy for the Record Industry albums
Rocket from the Crypt albums
Interscope Records albums

RFTC (album)


The Centre for the Advanced Study of the Arab World (CASAW) (Arabic: مركز الدراسات المتقدمة للعالم العربي) was a government funded, research based initiative which described itself as at the forefront of UK expertise in the Arab World.

Foundation
CASAW is the result of a UK government initiative to build crucial expertise on the Arab World based on a knowledge of the Arabic language coupled with advanced research methods skills in the social and political sciences, arts and humanities.

The Centre was a collaborative initiative between the Universities of Edinburgh, Durham, and Manchester, and was funded by the joint government research councils, with an initial grant of £5 million.
CASAW was one of the five inter-institutional Centres of Excellence set up as part of the ESRC, AHRC, SFC and HEFCE's Language Based Area Studies Initiative. CASAW brought together some 50 full-time members of staff and postdoctoral fellows drawn from a variety of departments in the arts, humanities and social and political sciences, all working on areas directly related to the Arabic speaking world.

Following the expiry of the initial 2006–2012 grant, two more grants for the second phase of CASAW were issued to the University of Edinburgh in collaboration with academics at Durham University and the University of Oxford covering 2012–2015 and 2014–2016.

Objectives

CASAW's aim is to "serve national strategic interests by safeguarding the future health of Arab World expertise in the UK, training the next generation of academics and providing a vital flow of expertise to sustain the needs of the public and private sectors"

Additionally, the creation of what it describes as the UK's leading resource for Arab World expertise, the creation of opportunities for academic cooperation and collaboration, as well as the creation of a world class cadre of researchers are key aims.

Masters and doctoral programmes

CASAW offers a number of 2 year Masters and 4 year PhD awards. Regardless of the end qualification, all students who do not yet have Arabic expertise undertake a specially designed, intensive, one-year course in Arabic language ab initio at the University of Edinburgh. This consists of a full academic year at the University of Edinburgh, followed by four months of language training in an Arab World university in order to develop Arabic language ability. During this time, students undertake qualitative, quantitative, and area-specific advanced research methods at the University of Edinburgh.

Masters students continue intensive Arabic tuition in their second year, and undertake additional modules at their host institution, as well as beginning dissertations.

PhD students are placed in the institution most appropriate for the supervision of their specific project, yet also benefit from some cross-institutional supervision. During the remaining 3 years of their course, PhD candidates continue to receive language tuition and are expected to conduct 12 months of fieldwork in the Arab World.

Other activities

In addition to its academic obligations, CASAW undertakes a number other activities, including consultancy to government, media, and business, tailor made language programmes for public and private sector users, and flagship events. These events have included a partnership with the Royal Society of Edinburgh to present the lecture series entitled "Perspectives on the Arab World", a Careers Workshop for students of Arabic throughout the UK, an Islamic finance summer school, as well as numerous one day symposia, film showings, discussion groups and addresses from eminent politicians and public figures, as well as conferences, such as the international conference on "Re-Thinking Jihad" held 7–9 September 2009.

References

Arab organizations
Arab studies
Durham University
University of Edinburgh
Departments of the University of Manchester
Research institutes in the United Kingdom


Social influence means someone affecting the emotions, opinions, or behaviours of others. It can be either planned for a purpose, or be an unplanned result of other events.

The adjective influential means "having much influence", so influential people or things have the power to change other people or things in some way. This word is often used to describe famous people. For example, Mahatma Gandhi was a very influential person, because the things he did and said changed many peoples lives, and many people believe he has even influenced the world. Kings, clergy and celebrities are also among the influential, as people pay attention to what they say or do.

Events can also influence. For example, World War II changed many people's lives. They died or became richer or poorer or went to a new place, even after the war ended. When printing became common, it influenced developments in science, politics, religion, and other human activities.

References

Related pages
Social Investment
VOA Special English words

Political science

Influence


Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373) also known as Elisabeth of Luxembourg, was the daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anne of Schweidnitz. She was named after her paternal grandmother, Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330).

She had a brother, Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, and two half-sisters, Katharine of Bohemia and Margaret of Bohemia (d. 1349), who were the daughters of Blanche of Valois, Charles IV's previous wife.

After the death of Elisabeth's mother, Charles remarried for the last time to Elizabeth of Pomerania. Elisabeth gained six half-siblings from the marriage: Anna, Queen of England, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Margaret of Bohemia (d. 1410), John of Görlitz, Charles, and Henry.

Elisabeth married when she was only eight in 1366 to Albert III, Duke of Austria. Elisabeth and Albert had no children and she died aged only fifteen in 1373; she was buried with Albert's parents in Gaming Charterhouse in Lower Austria.

Her husband remarried to Beatrix of Nuremberg and they were parents of Albert IV, Duke of Austria.

External links

1358 births
1373 deaths
House of Luxembourg
Bohemian princesses
Austrian royal consorts
14th-century women from Bohemia
14th-century people from Bohemia
14th-century House of Habsburg
14th-century Austrian women
Daughters of emperors
Children of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Daughters of kings

Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373)


The Twelve Apostles may refer to:

Christianity
 Twelve Apostles, the twelve chosen followers of Jesus
 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), a leadership organization in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ) a leadership organization in the Community of Christ
 Quorum of the Twelve, a leadership organization in some denominations within the Latter Day Saint movement
 Twelve Apostles of Ireland, twelve Irish saints of the early Celtic Church
 Twelve Apostles of Mexico, missionaries to New Spain

Stones
 The Twelve Apostles (Victoria), a coastal limestone formation in Australia
 Twelve Apostles Stone Circle, stone circle in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
 Twelve Apostles, West Yorkshire, stone circle in West Yorkshire, England

Other
 Twelve Apostles (IRA unit) or "The Squad", an Irish Republican Army unit founded by Michael Collins
 Twelve Apostles (Venezuela), a group of businessmen close to President Carlos Andrés Pérez in the 1970s
 "Green Grow the Rushes, O", a song sometimes called "The Twelve Apostles"
 Dvenadsat Apostolov, a Russian pre-dreadnought battleship in commission from 1892 to 1911.
 Twelve galleons built by Spain after the Armada of 1588, considered the pride of the fleet.
 Ajax Amsterdam's team of the early 1970s, see History of AFC Ajax
 The twelve apostles of Mani in Manichaeism
 Apostle (disambiguation)

Twelve Apostles (disambiguation)


Chibombo  is a town in the Central Province of Zambia, and is headquarters of Chibombo District. The town lies near the Lukanga Swamp. It is 95 km north of Lusaka and 45 km south-west of Kabwe on the Great North Road.

Chibombo is home of the Lukanga swamp,  a wetland in Central Zambia which for hundreds of years has supported indigenous
people. The people of Chibombo have built their livelihood and cultural identities based on the ecosystem services it provides.

References

General references
 Google Earth

Populated places in Central Province, Zambia

Chibombo


The Riverside Discovery Center, formerly named the Riverside Park and Zoo, is a park and zoo complex along the North Platte River in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, United States.

Riverside Park is Scottsbluff's city park, and has the only zoo in western Nebraska. It includes three lakes with camping and recreation areas, and a riverside trail that runs along the banks of the North Platte River.  There are also over 30 garden spots.
December 16, 2017 two brother grizzly bears went on exhibit. In the spring of 2017 their mother was illegally killed in Wyoming.  State and Federal wildlife officials hoped the two orphaned cubs would survive in the wild without their mother.   After several months on their own in the wild, the two cubs became increasingly habituated to humans for food.  State and Federal wildlife officials were concerned about public safety and the well-being of the grizzly cubs.  When it was evident the cubs were not going to survive in the wild on their own, State and Federal wildlife officials made the decision to capture the two cubs and try to find them a home.  Riverside Discovery Center offered to assist in the rescue of the two cubs and to provide a new home for these two grizzly bear cubs.

Riverside Discovery Center was directly in the path of the August 21, 2017 total eclipse.

Riverside discovery center was not re-accredited by the AZA in September 2023.

Animals
The Riverside Discovery Center has a collection of over 125 animals representing 50+ different species, in various exhibits.

North American Grasslands
Contains animals once common in the grasslands of North America:
 American bison (Bison bison)

Garden Walk
 Box turtle
 Greek tortoise
 African spurred tortoise
 Blue-and-yellow macaw

Slither Inn
mostly education animals behind the scenes

 Bearded dragon
 Boa constrictor
 Borneo python
 Grammostola pulchripes
 Mexican black kingsnake
 Uromastyx lizard
 Chinese water dragon

Raptor Row
Contains a collection of various raptors:
 Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
 Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura)
 Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni)
Red Tailed Hawk
Rough-legged Buzzard

Rainforest Discovery Center
An area dedicated to some of the smaller animals of the rainforest
 Waldrapp ibis (Geronticus eremita)
Mission golden-eyed tree frog
Squirrel Monkey
Emerald Tree Boa

Chimpanzee Building
Home of the areas chimpanzee and other unique creatures:
Chimpanzee
Ball python
Uromastyx
Leopard Gecko

Cat Complex
Home to various big cats:
Hyena
Bobcat( Lynx rufus )

Primate Building
Contains a small collection of primates:
Colombian spider monkey
Chinchilla
Red ruffed lemur

Zebra Circle
 Zebra
 Swift Fox
Muntjac

Children's Zoo
Donkey (Equus asinus)
Pot-bellied pig
Highland Cattle
Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Pond
Trumpeter Swan

Miscellaneous exhibits
There are other animals that are not included in any of the aforementioned exhibits:
Grizzly Bear
Marbled Fox
Porcupine

Conservation
The Riverside Discovery Center is actively involved in the Survival Species Program for various species of imperiled wildlife on display.

The zoo and park is located a half mile west of Nebraska Highway 71.

References

External links

Zoos in Nebraska
Tourist attractions in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
Buildings and structures in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
Museums in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
Natural history museums in Nebraska

Riverside Discovery Center


Péplum is a novel in French by the Belgian author Amélie Nothomb. It was first published in 1996 by Éditions Albin Michel.

This futuristic novel is presented as an autobiography. A young writer named A.N. is brought to the hospital for a minor operation. Upon waking up she finds herself in an unknown room, very different from her hospital room. She then meets Celsius, a mysterious scientist, who explains that between her surgery and the time she woke up 585 years have passed and it is now 2580. A dialogue takes place between the young novelist and the scientist from the future, and they discuss numerous topics, such as the scarcity of energy resources, political systems, the classical authors, as well as philosophy and "the great war of the twenty-second century".

References

1996 Belgian novels
Novels by Amélie Nothomb
Belgian science fiction novels
French-language novels
Éditions Albin Michel books

Péplum


Mukadzi Akaroorwa (married  woman, wife).

Tsumo

Mukadzi womumwe ndaambuya. Someone's wife is (like) a mother-in-law.
Mukadzi womumwe ndimbuya. Someone's wife is (like) a mother-in-law.
Kure ndokuna amai kune mukadzi unofa wasvika.
Isimba kaviri kurwa nomukadzi wousipo. It takes double the energy to fight a wife of someone absent.

Mitauro yeBantu

VaMambwe vanoti -funkula muka mweneco (to seduce a woman in order to take her away from her husband) vachireva kunyengera mukadzi kuti asiye murume wake.
VaMambwe vanoti -funkula (to make an attempt, to try to take away a man from his chief or employer) vachireva kurunzira mushandi kuti abve paanoshandira.
BaRonga vanoti mukata kana nkata (n. spouse).

Tsika

Mukadzi Akaroorwa


The Staatskapelle Berlin () is a German orchestra and the resident orchestra of the Berlin State Opera, Unter den Linden. The orchestra is one of the oldest in the world. Until the fall of the German Empire in 1918 the orchestra's name was , i.e., Royal Orchestra.

History
The orchestra traces its roots to 1570, when Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg established the rules for an orchestra at his court which had been constituted, at an unknown date. In 1701, the affiliation of the Electors of Brandenburg to the position of King of Prussia led to the description of the orchestra as  ("Royal Prussian Court Orchestra"), which consisted of about 30 musicians. The orchestra became affiliated with the Royal Court Opera, established in 1742 by Frederick the Great. Noted musicians associated with the orchestra have included Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Franz Benda, and Johann Joachim Quantz.

The first concert by the ensemble for a wider audience outside of the royal courts was on 1 March 1783 at the Hotel Paris, led by Johann Friedrich Reichardt, the ensemble's Kapellmeister. After the advent of Giacomo Meyerbeer as Kapellmeister, from 1842, the role of the orchestra expanded and a first annual concert series for subscribers was launched. The orchestra gave a number of world and German premieres of works by Richard Wagner, Felix Mendelssohn, and Otto Nicolai.

The orchestra's music director, the , holds the same post with the Berlin State Opera. The orchestra was in the eastern part of Berlin, and thus was part of East Germany from 1945 to 1990.

The former  of the orchestra and the opera was Daniel Barenboim. Barenboim was granted the title of "conductor for life" for the ensemble in 2000. In July 2013, the orchestra made its first-ever appearances at the BBC Proms, performing the four operas of Der Ring des Nibelungen, the first complete Ring cycle to be given in a single Proms season.  In January 2017, the orchestra and Barenboim performed the complete symphonies of Anton Bruckner at Carnegie Hall, the first live Bruckner symphony cycle ever performed in the United States.  In July 2017, the orchestra was the first non-UK orchestra to perform the two completed symphonies of Edward Elgar at the Proms in a single season.  Barenboim and the orchestra have made recordings for the Teldec, Deutsche Grammophon, and Decca labels.

In January 2023, Barenboim resigned as Generalmusikdirektor (GMD) of the orchestra for health reasons.  In September 2023, the Berlin Senate and the Berlin State Opera announced the appointment of Christian Thielemann as its next GMD, effective 1 September 2024, an appointment which encompasses the post of GMD of the Staatskapelle Berlin.

Leadership

 Johann Friedrich Agricola (1759–1775)
 Johann Friedrich Reichardt (, 1775–1794)
 Bernhard Anselm Weber (1816–1820)
 Gaspare Spontini (1820–1841)
 Giacomo Meyerbeer (1842–1846)
 Otto Nicolai (1848–1849)
 Robert Radecke (, 1871–1887)
 Joseph Sucher (1888–1899)
 Richard Strauss (1899–1913)
 Leo Blech (, 1913–1920)
 Erich Kleiber (1923–1934)
 Clemens Krauss (1935–1936)
 Herbert von Karajan (1941–1945)
 Joseph Keilberth (1948–1951)
 Erich Kleiber (1954–1955)
 Franz Konwitschny (1955–1962)
 Otmar Suitner (1964–1990)
 Daniel Barenboim (1992–2023)
 Christian Thielemann (designate, effective 1 September 2024)

Honorary conductors
 Otmar Suitner
 Pierre Boulez
 Zubin Mehta

References

External links

German orchestras
Music in Berlin
Berlin State Opera

Musical groups established in the 16th century
Organizations established in the 1570s
1570 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire

Staatskapelle Berlin


Mai Al-Nakib is author of The Hidden Light of Objects, a collection of linked short stories published by Bloomsbury in 2014. The collection won the Edinburgh International Book Festival's 2014 First Book Award, the first collection of short stories to win. Her short stories have appeared in Ninth Letter, The First Line and the anthology Novel of the World. Two of her stories received honorable mention in Glimmer Train competitions. The Hidden Light of Objects is her first collection of short stories.

Al-Nakib was born in Kuwait in 1970 and spent the first six years of her life in London, Edinburgh, and St. Louis, Missouri. She attended the American School of Kuwait. She holds a PhD in English literature from Brown University and is currently an associate professor of postcolonial studies and comparative literature at Kuwait University. Al-Nakib's academic research focuses primarily on cultural politics in the Middle East. She has written articles on Ghassan Kanafani, Assia Djebar and Yasmine Zahran, among others. She has also examined the history and importance of the Palestinian community in Kuwait. Al-Nakib lives and works in Kuwait.

The Hidden Light of Objects
The Hidden Light of Objects is composed of ten interlinked short stories; each story is preceded by a loosely related vignette. The stories deal with the capacity of everyday objects to trigger forgotten sensations and memories in the various characters and explore how this experience can affect the present and future. Erika Banerji has said that Al-Nakib has "compassion for an old, vanished world and [an] exceptional eye for the bruised landscape of the modern Middle East". All of the stories are connected to the Middle East in some way. While the stories engage familiar political events — the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, the civil war in Lebanon, the situation in Palestine — the focus is on the everyday lives of ordinary people.

Sources

Kuwaiti women writers
1970 births
Living people
Brown University alumni
Academic staff of Kuwait University

Mai Al-Nakib


Alfred Rosmer (born Alfred Griot, 23 August 1877 – 6 May 1964) was an American-born French Communist political activist and historian who was a leading member of the Comintern. Rosmer is best remembered as a political associate of Leon Trotsky and a memoirist.

Early life
Alfred Griot was born in 1877 in Paterson, New Jersey. His father worked as a barber in the United States, returning with the family to France in 1884. Having learned English as a child, Rosmer remained fluent in the language for the rest of his life.

French syndicalist
He took the political pseudonym Rosmer from the hero of a play by Henrik Ibsen.<ref name=Tosstorff858>Reiner Tosstorf, The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) 1930-1937. [2016] Ben Fowkes, trans. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2018; pg. 858.</ref>

Rosmer was a syndicalist leader before World War I, active in the Confédération générale du travail (CGT), the French general federation of unions. Together with Pierre Monatte, he issued a journal called La Vie ouvrière (Worker's Life), which was terminated as a result of French entry into World War I.

The antiwar French syndicalists had been represented at the Zimmerwald Conference in 1915 and then organised as the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations in which Rosmer participated. After the end of the war, a strike wave swept France in which the syndicalists played an active role. La Vie ouvrière was resurrected by Rosmer and Monatte in March 1919.

In May 1919, Rosmer and Fernand Loriot transformed the former Committee for the Resumption of International Relations into a new organization, known as the Committee for Adhesion to the Third International. The group remained isolated and without significant influence, however, largely removed from active communication with Moscow.

A friendship with Leon Trotsky dated from that period, when the latter was briefly living in France.

Communist Party leader
After the war, he became a leading figure in the Communist Party of France (PCF). He was sent to Moscow in 1920 as a representative of the French left, being assigned there to positions in the Communist International (Comintern) and the Red International of Labor Unions (RILU).

In 1923 and 1924 Rosmer was one of the top leaders of the PCF, until his expulsion in the fall of 1924 along with Boris Souvarine and Monatte for opposing the organised campaign against Trotsky.

Trotskyism
After his expulsion from the PCF, Rosmer helped found the journal La Révolutuion prolétarienne (The Proletarian Revolution) and participated in political activities in a circle organised around this magazine. He became the only member of the group to establish the first Trotskyist movement in 1929, but he left it in 1931 because of differences over political tactics.

Nevertheless, he remained a convinced revolutionary, and his friendship with Trotsky was later repaired. He visited the exiled Trotsky in Mexico in 1939.

In Mexico, Rosmer was a member of the Dewey Commission, which cleared Trotsky of all charges made during the Moscow Trials.

Later life
Unable to return to France because of the outbreak of World War II, Rosmer, an American by birth, lived in the United States after his Mexican interlude. He finally obtained permission to return home in 1947. Rosmer published an autobiography detailing his activities in Soviet Russia as well as a two-volume history of the antiwar movement in France during the years of World War I.

Rosmer died in 1964.

Works
In French

 La Conférence de Zimmerwald (The Zimmerwald Conference). Paris: Imp. spéciale de la "Vie ouvrière", 1915.
 Un coup d'oeil en arrière: Pierre Monatte. Lettre de démission au Comité confédéral (décembre 1914). Alfred Rosmer. Première lettre aux abonnés de la "Vie ouvrière" (novembre 1915). La Circulaire de lancement de la "Vie ouvrière" (avril 1919). (A Look Back: Pierre Monatte, Letter of Resignation to the Confederation Committee (Dec. 1914). Alfred Rosmer, First Letter to Subscribes of the "Vie ouvrière." The Circular launching "Vie ouvrière," April 1919.) Paris: Éditions de la Bibliothèque du travail, 1921.
 Le mouvement ouvrier pendant la guerre. (The Labor Movement during the War). In two volumes. Paris: Librairie du travail, 1936. —Reissued as Le mouvement ouvrier pendant la Première guerre mondiale.
 Moscou sous Lenine (Moscow Under Lenin). In two volumes. Paris : Maspero, 1970.

English translations

 Moscow Under Lenin. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972. —Reissued as Lenin's Moscow.
 From Syndicalism to Trotskyism: Writings of Alfred and Marguerite Rosmer. With Marguerite Rosmer. London: Porcupine Press/Socialist Platform, 2000.
 Trotsky and the Origins of Trotskyism.'' London: Francis Boutle, 2002.

Footnotes

Further reading

Revolutionary History, vol 7, no 4 (Autumn 2000). —Special issue on Alfred and Marguerite Rosmer.

External links
Alfred Rosmer Internet Archive, Marxists Internet Archive, www.marxists.org/

1877 births
People from Paterson, New Jersey
French Communist Party members
French Trotskyists
Executive Committee of the Communist International
French syndicalists
1964 deaths
American emigrants to France

Alfred Rosmer


Peter Murdoch of Rosehill  (1670–1761) was an 18th-century Scottish sugar merchant and refiner who served as Lord Provost of Glasgow from 1730 to 1732.

Life

He was born in Glasgow in 1670, the son of Patrick Murdoch (1627–1681) and his wife, Margaret Gemmill.

He was owner of the King Street Sugar Works in Glasgow. This was probably built by his father around 1660/1670 and was one of the first sugar-houses in Scotland. It was financially damaged from 1707 onwards when the Treaty of Union started taxing sugar.

In 1711 he joined Glasgow Town Council as a Bailie. In 1730 he succeeded John Stirling as Lord Provost of Glasgow and was himself succeeded by Hugh Rodger in 1732.

Peter Murdoch died in 1761. He is buried against the south wall of Glasgow Cathedral burial ground.

In 1765 the bulk of sugar interests transferred from Glasgow to Greenock.

Family
His brother Zacrie Murdoch married Elizabeth Rodger, daughter of Robert Rodger, Lord Provost in 1707 and 1712.

In 1696 he was married to  Mary Luke of Claythorn, daughter of John Luke of Claythorn.

His eldest son, Peter Murdoch (1704-1734) died young. His son, also Peter Murdoch (1734-1817) was born just after his death. Peter Murdoch (b.1795), the original Peter's great grandson, served at the Battle of Waterloo.

He was father to John Murdoch of Rosebank, three times Lord Provost of Glasgow.

His daughter Janet Murdoch married Andrew Cochrane of Brighouse, also three times Lord Provost.

His daughter Martha Murdoch married Archibald Buchanan, 1st Baronet of Auchentorlie. They lived at Hillington House in Refrewshire.

He is thought to be uncle to George Murdoch Lord Provost from 1754 to 1756 and from 1766 to 1768.

References

1670 births
1761 deaths
Businesspeople from Glasgow
Scottish businesspeople
Lord Provosts of Glasgow
Burials at Glasgow Cathedral

Peter Murdoch of Rosehill


Where the Heart Is is a 1990 American romantic comedy film co-written and directed by John Boorman and starring Dabney Coleman, Uma Thurman, Joanna Cassidy, Crispin Glover, Suzy Amis, and Christopher Plummer.

Plot
Stewart McBain is a successful self-made demolitions expert who blows up buildings for a living. In the midst of one such project, a group of protesters stops the last building on a lot, the Dutch House, from being demolished. When McBain appears on TV to dismiss the protests, he is made to look foolish. Returning home, his three college-aged children–Daphne, Chloe, and Jimmy–ridicule him for his television appearance.

Feeling his children are spoiled, McBain kicks them out of the house. Giving them each $750, he drops them off at the Dutch House, which is dilapidated and on the verge of collapse. Jean, their mother, tries to stop him but in vain.

In order to finance their new lives, the children take on housemates. These include a fashion designer named Lionel; a homeless magician, Shitty; a stockbroker, Tom; and Sheryl, an amateur occultist. Chloe is commissioned to finish a calendar for an insurance company. Lionel has to complete his designs for a fashion show. Chloe uses her roommates to model in the calendar, incorporating their bodies into ethereal murals on their walls, and Lionel ends up using some of them for his show.

A stockmarket crash where Tom is chiefly responsible for Mr McBain's stock plummeting,
brings McBain to ruin. Desperately attempting to stave off a hostile takeover of his demolition company, he fails. Jean shows up at the Dutch House hysterical as he loses their home and they become destitute.

Mr McBain disappears into the city, feeling down and out. Sleeping in the homeless cardboard box shanty town, scavenging the next day in the dump. Ultimately, his children take him in after Sheryl finds him, and he starts to see the world in a new light.

Evicted from Dutch House after they've all helped Lionel with his dresses and Chloe with her calendar, the homeless shelter turns the McBains and friends away. Jimmy has an epiphany, as there is a bad thunderstorm and the Dutch House is structurally unsound, to use his father's demolishion skills.

The family recovers their properties and wealth, and have learned how to live more simply.

Cast

 Dabney Coleman as Stewart McBain
 Joanna Cassidy as Jean McBain
 Suzy Amis as Chloe McBain
 Uma Thurman as Daphne McBain
 David Hewlett as Jimmy McBain
 Crispin Glover as Lionel
 Christopher Plummer as "Shitty"
 Maury Chaykin as Harry
 Dylan Walsh as Tom
 Sheila Kelley as Sheryl
 Ken Pogue as Hamilton

Reception
Where the Heart Is was poorly received by critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a score of 9% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 3.8/10. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "[The film] is essentially a fable set in the wrong city. Its story doesn't fit in New York or seem correctly placed in 1990; it's not quick-witted or street-smart enough."

References

External links

1990 films
1990 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by John Boorman
Touchstone Pictures films
1990s American films

Where the Heart Is (1990 film)


The Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) is a native Australian insect in the family Acrididae, and a significant agricultural pest.

Adult Australian plague locusts range in size from 20 to 45 mm in length, and the colour varies from brown to green. In profile, the head is higher than the thorax, and the thorax has an X-shaped mark. The legs have a reddish shank and the wings are clear other than for a dark spot on the periphery.

Range and habitat
The locusts occur naturally in far northwestern New South Wales and the adjoining areas of Queensland and South Australia, as well as Western Australia. From these areas, the locusts can expand from time to time to be found in the agricultural areas of South Australia, New South Wales, including the Riverina, and Victoria. The locust can be found in a variety of grassland and open wooded habitats across the inland areas of the Australian mainland. Upper-level winds may occasionally carry locusts to coastal areas of the mainland and northern Tasmania and may establish populations in the eastern valleys of the Great Dividing Range; these populations usually fail to establish themselves for more than a few generations.
Climatic change is projected to influence spatial patterns of pest outbreaks, as climate change is a primary limiting factor for insect dispersal. The most commercially important locust species in Australia is the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera. Invasions wreak havoc on agricultural crops and pastures on a massive scale.

Life-cycle

Adult locusts feeding on green shoots that follow rain within 24 to 48 hours in warmer months will mature and lay eggs within 5 to 7 days of a rain event. Using their ovipositors to drill a hole, locusts lay their eggs in the soil in a pod. Pods contain around 30 to 50 eggs and locusts lay two or three pods, 5 to 10 days apart. Egglaying often happens en masse, with as many as a million laid in a hectare of suitable soil.  In good conditions (i.e. warm and moist), eggs take around two weeks to develop.

After hatching, the nymphs take around 20–25 days to complete development in mid-summer. The locust has five instars, with the wings becoming more prominent with each moult. After the first and second instars, nymphs form aggregations known as bands; these tend to disperse by the fifth instar. Late-instar bands travel up to 500 m per day. Drier country has large bands congregating that are visible from the air, while in the agricultural regions, bands tend to be smaller.

After its final moult—6 to 8 weeks after egglaying—the adult locust is called a fledgling. Fledglings have three development stages; a growth phase, where wings are strengthened and the exoskeleton hardened, a fat accumulation stage, and lastly, oocyte development. Gregarious populations of locusts form swarms, recurring in central Eastern Australia once every two or three years. The Australian plague locust is less gregarious than other locust species and swarms occur in a continuum from dense swarms through a range of densities down to scattered adults. Swarms may persist for days, dispersing and reforming while following the wind. Swarms may move up to 20 km in a day. Swarms can infest areas up to , although typical infestations are less than . Swarms can travel up to , tending to move with hot winds and generally towards the coast in most cases.

Plagues

When food and climatic conditions are favourable, huge swarms of locusts may develop. The first recorded swarm was in 1844, with further outbreaks from the 1870s onward. After 1900, the intensity and frequency of locust swarms increased, and since the 1920s, a pattern has developed of localised, high-density populations in some locations most years and less frequent major plagues over large areas persisting for one to two years.

Infestations in Western Australia are less frequent. Widespread heavy inland rains, especially in summer, allow plague locusts to reach plague proportions with less regular rain maintaining these high-density populations. During these conditions, the lifecycle pattern may change to one in which the period from hatching to maturity is reduced to 2.5 months. Dry conditions reduce populations back to background levels.

Due to its large range and frequent plagues, the Australian plague locust is the most damaging locust species in Australia. Damage is mainly confined to pasture, although crop damage can occur. Advanced winter crops have generally hardened off by early summer, when plague locusts become active and therefore are not favoured, but dry conditions and less advanced crops can be highly susceptible to locust infestation as can young autumn crops.

Human control
Losses in a plague can amount to $3-4 million if protection barriers are ineffective.  The Australian Plague Locust Commission is responsible for the monitoring and control of locust outbreaks using the control agent fipronil and growth regulators such as diflubenzuron in the juvenile nymphal stage. Two older-generation organophosphates, fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos, are also used occasionally for auxiliary, blanket spray runs, and the bioinsecticide 'Green Guard', made from a native fungal isolate of Metarhizium acridum.  The latter is based on technology developed by CSIRO and the LUBILOSA programme, and now accounts for >12% of spray applications: for protected, organic farming, or environmentally susceptible areas such as water courses.

See also

 Agriculture in Australia
 APLC
 Spur-throated locust, Austracris guttalosa - another plague locust in Australia
 Yellow-winged locust, Gastrimargus musicus - a similar grass hopper

References

 Wang, B., Deveson, E. D., Waters, C., Spessa, A., Lawton, D., Feng, P., & Liu, D. L. (2019). Future climate change likely to reduce the Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) seasonal outbreaks. The Science of the Total Environment, 668(1), 947–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.439

External links

 Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries information page on plague locusts
 Save the Locust - information on learning to live with locusts

Locusts
Agricultural pest insects
Orthoptera of Australia
Agriculture in Australia
Oedipodinae
Articles containing video clips
Insects described in 1870

Australian plague locust


Orson James Phelps (February 23, 1820 – May 13, 1897) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Simcoe West from 1883 to 1886 and Simcoe Centre from 1886 to 1890 in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member.

He was born in New York state in 1820 and came to Grantham Township in Upper Canada with his family in 1833. In 1844, he married Jane Meade. Phelps served in the local militia during the Upper Canada Rebellion. From 1845 to 1852, he served as government inspector during the building of harbours at Port Dalhousie and Port Colborne. He was a lumber merchant and built a sawmill in Flos township in 1870; the community that developed nearby became known as Phelpston. Phelps served as reeve for Grant and Flos townships and was warden for Simcoe County in 1881. He ran unsuccessfully for the provincial seat in Simcoe West in 1879; he was elected in the general election of 1883. That election was declared invalid after an appeal but he was reelected in the subsequent by-election. In 1890, he was named sheriff for Simcoe County, serving until 1894. He died at St. Catharines in 1897.

References

External links
The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1887 JA Gemmill

A History of Simcoe County, AF Hunter (1909)

1820 births
1897 deaths
Ontario Liberal Party MPPs

Orson James Phelps


The Merton thesis is an argument about the nature of early experimental science proposed by Robert K. Merton. Similar to Max Weber's famous claim on the link between Protestant work ethic and the capitalist economy, Merton argued for a similar positive correlation between the rise of Protestant Pietism and early experimental science. The Merton thesis has resulted in continuous debates.

Although scholars are still debating it, Merton's 1936 doctoral dissertation (and two years later his first monograph by the same title) Science, Technology and Society in 17th-Century England raised important issues on the connections between religion and the rise of modern science, became a significant work in the realm of the sociology of science and continues to be cited in new scholarship. Merton further developed this thesis in other publications.

Thesis

The Merton thesis has two separate parts: firstly, it presents a theory that science changes due to an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology; secondly, it puts forward the argument that the popularity of science in England in the 17th century, and the religious demography of the Royal Society (English scientists of that time were predominantly Puritans or other Protestants) can be explained by a correlation between Protestantism and the scientific values (see Mertonian norms).

Merton focuses on English Puritanism and German Pietism as being responsible for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries. He explains that the connection between religious affiliation and interest in science is a result of a significant synergy between the ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science. Protestant values encouraged scientific research by allowing science to identify God's influence on the world and thus providing religious justification for scientific research.

Criticism

The first part of Merton's thesis has been criticized for insufficient consideration of the roles of mathematics and the mechanical philosophy in the scientific revolution. The second part has been criticized for the difficulty involved in defining who counts as a Protestant of the "right type" without making arbitrary distinctions. It is also criticized for failing to explain why non-Protestants do science (consider the Catholics Copernicus, da Vinci, Descartes, or Galileo) and conversely why Protestants of the "right type" are not all interested in science.

Merton, acknowledging the criticism, replied that the Puritan ethos was not necessary, although it did facilitate development of science. He also noted that when science had acquired institutional legitimacy, it no longer needed religion, eventually becoming a counterforce, leading to religious decline. Nonetheless, early on, in Merton's view religion was a major factor that allowed the  scientific revolution to occur. While the Merton thesis does not explain all the causes of the scientific revolution, it does illuminate possible reasons why England was one of its driving motors and the structure of the English scientific community.

Support

In 1958, American sociologist Gerhard Lenski published a book summarizing an empirical study of the influence of religious affiliation among residents of the Detroit, Michigan area. Among other insights, he interpenetrated his study to reveal that there were significant differences between Catholics on the one hand, and (white) Protestants and Jews on the other hand, with regard to economics and the sciences.

Lenski's data supported the basic hypotheses of Max Weber's work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. According to Lenski, the "contributions of Protestantism to material progress have been largely unintended by-products of certain distinctive Protestant traits. This was a central point in Weber's theory." Lenski noted that more than a hundred years prior to Weber, John Wesley, one of the founders of the Methodist church, had observed that "diligence and frugality" made Methodists wealthy. "In an early era, Protestant asceticism and dedication to work, as noted both by Wesley and Weber, seem to have been important patterns of action contributing to economic progress." However, Lenski said, asceticism was rare among modern Protestants, and the distinctive Protestant doctrine of "the calling" was largely forgotten. Instead, modern (white) Protestants and Jews had a high degree of "intellectual autonomy" that facilitated scientific and technical advance. By contrast, Lenski pointed out, Catholics developed an intellectual orientation which valued "obedience" to the teachings of their church above intellectual autonomy, which made them less inclined to enter scientific careers. Catholic sociologists had come to the same conclusions.

Lenski traced these differences back to the Reformation and the Catholic church's reaction to it. In Lenski's view, the Reformation encouraged intellectual autonomy among Protestants, in particular the Anabaptists, Puritans, Pietists, Methodists, and Presbyterians. In the Middle Ages, there had been tendencies toward intellectual autonomy, as exemplified in men like Erasmus. But after the Reformation, the Catholic leaders increasingly identified these tendencies with Protestantism and heresy and demanded that Catholics be obedient and faithful to ecclesiastical discipline. In Lenski's opinion, his study showed that these differences between Protestants and Catholics survived to the present day. As a consequence
 "none of the predominantly and devoutly Catholic nations in the modern world can be classified as a leading industrial nation. Some Catholic nations – such as France, Italy, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile – are quite highly industrialized, but none of them are leaders in the technological and scientific fields, nor do they seem likely to become so. Recently [1963] some Brazilian Catholic social scientists compared their country's progress with that of the United States and concluded that the chief factor responsible for the differential rates of development is the religious heritage of the two nations."

Puritans and Pietists both contributed to intellectual autonomy and provided intellectual tools and values important for science. As an example, pietism challenged the orthodoxy via new media and formats: Periodical journals gained importance versus the former pasquills and single thesis, traditional disputation was replaced by competitive debating, which tried to gain new knowledge instead of defending orthodox scholarship. It is a part of the forces that lead to modernity.

References

Sources

 Also available as:

Further reading
 Steven Shapin, Understanding the Merton Thesis, Isis, Vol. 79, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp. 594–605
 Robert K. Merton, Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England

1936 introductions
Religion and science
Sociological theories
Sociology of religion
Sociology of science

Merton thesis


Desmia odontoplaga is a moth in the family Crambidae described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found in Panama and Brazil (Paraná, Lower Amazons).

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are fuscous brown with a cupreous tinge. There is an elliptic white spot in and below the middle of the cell with a speck beyond its lower point and an obscure line from it to the inner margin, as well as a white postmedial patch. There is a large medial white patch on the hindwings.

References

Moths described in 1898
Desmia
Moths of Central America
Moths of South America

Desmia odontoplaga


Sewnarine Chattergoon (born 3 April 1981) is a Guyanese cricketer who made his début for the West Indies cricket team against Zimbabwe on their 2006 tour.

Biography
Chattergoon is a left-handed opening batsman who has registered four centuries in first class cricket, where he plays for Guyana. After scoring 9 in his début ODI match against Zimbabwe, Chattergoon made an unbeaten 54 in his second game, helping the West Indies to a ten-wicket victory; his batting partner, Chris Gayle, made 95 not out in the opening stand of 156. However Chattergoon was left out of the squad for the final two ODIs, and did not return to the squad until the fourth ODI against India later that summer. Chattergoon did not play the fourth ODI, got a golden duck in the fifth, and did not make the squad for the Test series.
Following an impressive domestic season for Guyana in 2007, Chattergoon was recalled to the West Indies ODI squad against South Africa in the 2008 series, where he played in the second, third and fourth ODIs. He impressed with fluent knocks of 34, 52 and 48 in the three innings whilst opening the batting. He clocked up 134 runs in that series, proving his skills at the highest level and has answered the WICB selectors call for an opening partner for Chris Gayle.

After making his test début for the West Indies against a formidable Sri Lankan team at the Queens Park Oval in Trinidad, he made a statement by starting his test career with an impressive but patient and technically correct innings of 46. This particular innings showed great potential for the long sought after opening batsman the West Indies have craved for a number of years now. In his first Test match he demonstrated the technical ability comparable to that of Greenidge and Haynes. His classy left-handed style of batting combined with his solid defensive technique accounts for a great opening batsman in the making. As well as his batting, Chattergoon has showed extraordinary ability in his slip fielding, somewhat incomparable to those previous players in the similar position by taking a spectacular catch at third slip in the first innings of his début Test match.

Other achievements in domestic cricket includes the 119 he hit in the final of the 2005–06 KFC Cup, the regional one-day tournament of the West Indies, out of a total 247 for 7 to help Guyana beat Barbados by three wickets and win the title.

Notes

External links

1981 births
Living people
Guyanese cricketers
West Indies One Day International cricketers
West Indies Test cricketers
Guyana cricketers

Sewnarine Chattergoon


David Jones (1765–1816) was a Welsh barrister.

Jones was best known as 'the Welsh Freeholder'. He was born in 1765, the only son of John Jones of Bwlchygwynt, near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, where his father farmed his own freehold. He was a relative of John Jones, Unitarian critic. He received his early education at Pencader and Abergavenny, and in 1783 entered Homerton College, London, with the view of preparing for the ministry among the Calvinistic dissenters, but, adopting Unitarian views, moved to Hackney College.

There he became tutor and lecturer in experimental philosophy until, in October 1792, he took charge of the New Meeting congregation at Birmingham, as successor to Joseph Priestley, who had recommended him for the post. During his ministry there he delivered in 1794–5 'some admirable courses of lectures on the philosophy of the human mind, as connected with education, the theory of morals, and also on history.' Turning to the study of the law, he was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn on 1 May 1795, was called to the bar on 26 June 1800, and practised chiefly as a chancery barrister, but attached himself as well to the Oxford and South Wales circuits. He also became a member of Caius College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1800 and M.A. in 1803. He died in 1816.

Jones made a spirited defence of unitarianism against the attacks of Bishop Samuel Horsley in several works written under the name of 'The Welsh Freeholder'.

Works
as 'The Welsh Freeholder'
 A Letter to the [Bishop] on the Charge he lately delivered, London, 1790, 8vo, which evoked 'An Answer … by a Clergyman of the Diocese of St. Davids,' London, 1750, 8vo
 The Welsh Freeholder's Vindication of his Letter, &c., London, 1791, 8vo.
 Reasons for Unitarianism, or the Primitive Christian Doctrine, London, 1792
 The Welsh Freeholder's Farewell Epistles to the Bishop (lately of St. Davids), now of Rochester, London, 1794, 8vo.

 as David Jones
 Thoughts on the Riots at Birmingham, Bath, 1791, 8vo, an enlarged reprint of an anonymous letter written by Jones in the Morning Chronicle, and republished without his authority both at Maidstone and Birmingham.
 The Nature and Duties of the Office of a Minister of Religion, Birmingham, 1792, 8vo.
 The Revolution in France and the Progress of Liberty, considered in connection with our idea of Providence and of the Improvement of Human Affairs (see advertisement in The Nature and Duties, &c.), announced by Jones in 1816, is not known to have been published.

References

Attribution

1765 births
1816 deaths
18th-century Welsh writers
18th-century British male writers
19th-century Welsh writers
Welsh barristers
Welsh Calvinist and Reformed Christians
18th-century Unitarian clergy
19th-century Unitarian clergy
Welsh Unitarians
People from Carmarthenshire
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Alumni of Homerton College, Cambridge
Welsh religious writers
19th-century Welsh lawyers
18th-century Welsh lawyers

David Jones (barrister)


Robert Ernest Harlan (born September 9, 1936) is a former American football executive who served as the president of the Green Bay Packers for 19 years. Harlan also held the titles of chairman of the board and chief executive officer for the Packers. He was a graduate of Marquette University, where he later served as the Sports Information Director for six years. After his tenure at Marquette, Harlan worked for the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team for five years in community and public relations. In 1971, he was hired by the Packers as assistant general manager. For the next 18 years, Harlan worked in different positions in the front office for the Packers before being promoted to executive vice president in 1988. In 1989, after the retirement of Robert J. Parins, Harlan was elected as the Packers' ninth president, a position he held until 2008. Harlan became the first team president whose background was primarily in football; all previous presidents of the Packers were local civic leaders or businessmen in the Green Bay, Wisconsin-area.

During his tenure as president, the Packers achieved a number of successes both on and off the field. Harlan led a stock sale and advocated for a county sales tax to raise funds for renovations to Lambeau Field, oversaw the construction of the Don Hutson Center, a new training area next to Lambeau Field, and moved all Packers home games back to Green Bay (from 1933 to 1994, the Packers split their home games between Green Bay and Milwaukee, Wisconsin). On the field, Harlan hired Ron Wolf to be the team's new general manager. Wolf led a renaissance of the Packers' on-field performance with an instrumental trade for quarterback Brett Favre and the signing of free agent Reggie White. These successes culminated in the Packers winning Super Bowl XXXI, the team's first championship since Super Bowl II. In 2008, Harlan resigned the position of president and CEO and was succeeded by Mark Murphy. As of 2023, he still sits on the Packers' board of directors and holds the title of Chairman Emeritus.

Early life
Bob Harlan was born on September 9, 1936, in Des Moines, Iowa. Harlan's father, Sy Harlan, was president of the Bruce Motor Freight Co. As a child, Harlan had a noted interest in the Green Bay Packers. At the age 17, he won a junior golf championship in his hometown. He was a graduate of Dowling Catholic High School in Des Moines in 1954 and then attended Marquette University where he graduated in 1958 with a bachelor's degree in journalism. Almost 40 years later, he also received an honorary degree from Marquette. After graduation, Harlan served a six-month tour in the United States Army.

Career

United Press
After college and the Army, Harlan desired to become a sportswriter. He briefly took a position with the United Press service in Milwaukee. He wrote about a number of topics ranging from sports to current events.

Marquette University
Harlan accepted a position as sports information director for his alma mater, Marquette University, in 1959. He served in that capacity until 1965, although the years at Marquette were challenging. During his tenure, the football and track and field were removed from the university's sports program, and the basketball team was not very successful.

St Louis Cardinals
In 1966, Harlan accepted a job with the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team as the director of community relations. Two years later, he was promoted to director of public relations. In those roles, he gave many speeches and during the offseason took part in "The Cardinal Caravan", a tour across six states focused on increasing support for the club. The Cardinals won the 1967 World Series against the Boston Red Sox in Harlan's second full season in his role.

Green Bay Packers

Harlan started his career with the Green Bay Packers in 1971 as an assistant general manager. Over the next 18 years he was promoted three times, first as corporate general manager in 1975, then as assistant to the president in 1981, and finally as executive vice president of administration in 1988. During this time, Harlan took on additional responsibilities, including representing the Packers at NFL decision-making meetings, negotiating contracts with players and expanding the Packers marketing department. He also at various times coordinated team travel, negotiated media contracts, ran ticket operations, managed front office personnel and scheduled preseason games. When president Robert J. Parins announced his upcoming retirement from the presidency, Harlan was immediately identified as a leading candidate. Parins formed a nominating committee and over a five month process interviewed about 20 candidates for the job. The team received numerous applications and many names were identified as contenders, including Tom Olejniczak (the son of former Packers president Dominic Olejniczak), Jerry Vainisi (brother of former Packers scout Jack Vainisi), Ernie Accorsi, Jim Schaaf and Eddie Jones. Parins ultimately recommended Harlan for the job to the board of directors. The board unanimously and without discussion elected Harlan as the team's ninth president, making him the first Packers president without roots in the Green Bay community. Sportswriter Don Langenkamp noted that the election was significant because "Harlan was a product of the system [football] and not a product of the sometimes archaic structure that has served as the Packers' governing body". The Packers record during Harlan's time prior to his tenure as president was 106–152–8.

On June 5, 1989, Harlan was introduced as the ninth president of the Packers. Immediately, Harlan noted his preference to be hands-on in his approach to the job, so much so that instead of backfilling his old position, he had all department heads just report directly to him. Harlan, who had always been viewed as nice and professional, also cultivated a reputation for being approachable as president. He had no secretary and answered his own phone calls; he also corresponded with fans and Packers shareholders directly. In 1989, Harlan oversaw a small renovation to Lambeau Field. The changes included adding 32 seats and improving working conditions in the press box, changing the tunnel access to the field from the visitor locker room and opening the first store selling Packers merchandise, which would later become the Packers Pro Shop. A few years into the job, he made the decision to remove the executive committee of the board of directors from taking part in football decisions, which they historically had done. Instead, Harlan hired Ron Wolf and gave him full control over all football decisions. Wolf would go on to make a number of key moves that led to increased success on the field. This included hiring head coach Mike Holmgren, trading a first round draft pick to the Atlanta Falcons for quarterback Brett Favre, and making one of the first major free agency signings in 1996 by bringing in defensive end Reggie White (who would also go on to be inducted into the Hall of Fame). These moves culminated in the Packers winning Super Bowl XXXI, their first championship since 1967. In reflecting on his move to Green Bay, Wolf noted that he would not have taken the job without Harlan giving him full control. This decision to split up football and business decisions has also been recognized as moving the Packers into a more professional and modern administration of a professional sports franchise. The Packers during Harlan's tenure saw continued success, with 13 straight seasons with a winning record, the aforementioned Super Bowl victory, another Super Bowl appearance and numerous playoff appearances.

From a business perspective, Harlan oversaw significant changes to the Packers organization. One of the biggest decisions occurred in 1994, when the Packers stopped playing a few games a year in Milwaukee. Since 1933, the Packers played at least one home game in Milwaukee each year, with the remaining games occurring at Lambeau Field. Originally this was done to generate more interest and revenue in a larger market. However, by the early 1990s, the Packers were losing millions of dollars each year by playing in Milwaukee. In order to pacify fans in each market, the Packers created a new season ticket structure that allowed season ticket holders in Milwaukee to retain their season tickets by giving them seats for a few games a year in Lambeau Field. 1994 also saw the completion of the Don Hutson Center, a state-of-the-art indoor practice facility adjacent to Lambeau Field.

The largest business improvement of Harlan's tenure was the renovation of Lambeau Field. Over a two-year period from 2001 to 2003, Lambeau Field was completely renovated. This included an additional 11,625 seats, bringing total capacity up to 72,515, the addition of more box suites, upgraded facilities, a new atrium that would house a new Packers Pro Shop and a new Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame. The goal of the renovation was to improve gameday experience, bring additional revenue in for the Packers and make Lambeau Field a year-around destination. Harlan was instrumental in helping to raise the necessary $295 million dollars for the project. First, Harlan gained permission from the NFL to host the Packers' fourth ever stock sale, the first since 1950. In 1997 and 1998, 120,000 new shares of stock were sold raising over $24 million, all of which was going towards the future renovation of Lambeau Field. Additionally, Harlan strongly advocated for the authorization of a new half-cent sales tax for Brown County to help raise the remaining funds. Harlan, without threatening to move the Packers from Green Bay, conveyed to elected officials, Brown County residents and Packers fans the necessity of the renovations for the Packers to remain financially competitive in the modern NFL environment. Authorization to go to the voters was approved by the Wisconsin legislature and then Brown County voters approved the measure in September 2000. The tax lasted until 2015 and provided the necessary funds to complete the renovation.

Harlan's later years of his presidency saw the continued on-field success of the Packers, with the Packers making a deep playoff run in his last year. Harlan hired Mike Sherman to succeed Ray Rhodes as head coach in 2000. A year later, Ron Wolf retired and Harlan named Sherman to a dual role as the general manager and head coach. Although Sherman saw some on-field success, Harlan noted that the combination of the two roles was ultimately a failure. Harlan hired Ted Thompson in 2004 as the new general manager, with Sherman staying on as head coach for one more season, after which Mike McCarthy was hired as head coach. In December 2006, Harlan announced his intended retirement the following May. For years, Harlan identified John Jones as a possible successor to the Packers presidency. Jones was elected as the next president of the organization, but in May 2007, the organization announced that he would take an indefinite leave of absence. The announcement was made just days before Jones was set to begin his tenure. In late July 2007, the Packers and Jones officially cut ties, with health reasons and concerns about performance cited as the reasons. A new search for the Packers President and CEO commenced, with Harlan retaining his position as CEO throughout the search, although the president position officially remained vacant. On December 3, 2007, the Green Bay Packers announced Mark Murphy, the Northwestern University Athletics Director and a former football player for the Washington Redskins, as its new president and CEO effective January 28, 2008. Harlan was named as Chairman Emeritus and as of 2023 still sits on the Packers board of directors as a Director Emeritus. During Harlan's presidency, the Packers record was 181–123, which was better then every other team during that period except the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos. His tenure was marked with "some of the largest moves in franchise history" that made him one of the "most influential—and successful—president[s] in franchise history".

Personal life
Harlan married Madeline Keiler and they had three sons, including sports announcer Kevin Harlan. Harlan's granddaughter through Kevin, Olivia Harlan, is also a sports announcer. In 2003, Harlan was diagnosed with melanoma on his neck and shoulder, which was successfully removed by surgery. His diagnosis and subsequent treatment inspired him and his wife to create the Madeline and Robert Harlan Humanitarian Fund, which provides funding for cancer patients without insurance to cover ancillary costs to their treatment, such as gas, lodging, and babysitters. Harlan and his wife, who worked as a registered nurse, served on various boards and commissions for Green Bay-area hospitals, supported the Green Bay Libertas Treatment Center (a children's drug and alcohol abuse center) and remained active in the Boys & Girls Club of Door County, Wisconsin. Harlan was an avid golfer for much of his life, although after his treatment for melanoma he mostly abandoned it.

Legacy

Harlan's impact on the Green Bay Packers organization was substantial. His tenure saw a significant turnaround in the team's on-field performance and a continued strengthening of the team's institutional and financial security. Harlan is credited with hiring key personnel, such as Ron Wolf and Ted Thompson, and giving them the authority and freedom necessary to do their jobs successfully. Harlan's advocacy for the redevelopment and expansion of Lambeau Field and campaigning for the necessary funding through 2000 Brown County referendum and 1997–98 stock sale were identified as essential steps in improving the Packers ability to be a financially competitive and a successful organization in the modern NFL. Combined with an improved Lambeau field, the construction of the Don Hutson Center and moving all games to Lambeau Field, Harlan was able to consolidate the Packers organization and operations into one location. During Harlan's tenure, the Packers won their first Super Bowl in 30 years, were perennial playoff contenders and became a model organization.

Harlan has been well recognized for his contributions to the Packers. In 2003, the Packers dedicated the northeast corner of Lambeau Field as Robert E. Harlan Plaza. A year later, in 2004, he was elected to the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame and in 2008 he was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame. He was also given the 2008 Vincent Lombardi Award for Distinction in Sports from the Wisconsin Historical Society. Two years later, in 2010, he was elected to the Wisconsin Business Hall of Fame. In 2019, the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame created the Bob Harlan Leadership Award, which is awarded annually in recognition of "exceptional leadership qualities above the call of duty during or after the recipient's career or association with the Packers".

Publications

References

Citations

Bibliography

Living people
Green Bay Packers presidents
National Football League team presidents
Marquette University alumni
Sportspeople from Des Moines, Iowa
United States Army soldiers
1936 births
Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame

Bob Harlan


Championship Manager: Season 01/02 is a football management video game in Sports Interactive's Championship Manager series. It was released for Microsoft Windows in October 2001, and for Mac in November 2001. It was later released on Xbox in April 2002. It was released as freeware in 2008. The game allowed players to take charge of any club in one of around 100 leagues across 27 countries, with responsibility for tactics and signings. The game sold more than 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom and is still popular and regularly updated.

Background
Although never particularly expanding on the graphical side, Sports Interactive included many new features along with the usual updated database. Championship Manager 01/02 implemented the new EU regulated transfer system, introduced in September 2001, and also featured a new "attribute masking" mode, whereby the player could only see information about footballers they would realistically know about (also known as a fog of war).

Other new additions included the ability to send players away for surgery, player notes, player comparisons, and improved media and board interaction.

The champman0102.net community has provided various patches and data updates to the game and continues to do so to this day. The ability to change game values, commentary speed, utilize coloured attributes, change the start year and many other changes have been made. The community has over 13,000 accounts and counting, and "Keeps the Game Alive".

Playable leagues
This edition of Championship Manager included about 100 fully playable leagues in 26 countries, and patch 3.9.67 added South Korea's K-League, its first appearance in the CM series.

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

Free release and data updates
In December 2008, Eidos Interactive made the game available for free download.

Release
In 2001, presenters Ant & Dec, who hosted the Saturday morning show SMTV Live, left the show. On their last show, they received a letter (from Sports Interactive) and special edition copies of Championship Manager: Season 01/02 which saw Ant as a player for Newcastle with a contract of £50,000 a week with a value of £4.7m, and Dec as a player for Sunderland with a contract of £90 a week.

Fictional players
The first release of the game included a player named "Tó Madeira", a great striker no matter where he played. It was later revealed that Tó Madeira was not a real footballer, but in fact a fictional player created by a scout working for the game producers.

Reception
The computer version of Championship Manager: Season 01/02 received a "Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

The dedicated CM0102 Forum still continues to create data updates and the most recent, which was also released in November 2020 was released in conjunction with a new server move for the champman0102 website and has proved extremely popular as always and looks forward to celebrating the game's 20th anniversary later in 2021, with a number of things planned to mark the occasion.

References

External links
CM History: Championship Manager 01/02

2001 video games
Eidos Interactive games
Freeware games
Classic Mac OS games
Multiplayer hotseat games
Windows games
Xbox games
Association football management video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Multiplayer and single-player video games

Championship Manager: Season 01/02


Dr. Vijay Pal Memorial Libraries are run by the Dr. Vijay Pal Memorial Society, which is a charitable institution, registered under the Societies Registration Act and the Income Tax Act. The society runs two public libraries - a general library & a reference library. Both the libraries are open to all sections of the society.

History
The General Library was started in the year 1975, and readers of all age groups make use of this library. The general library is situated on the first floor of the Community Hall in Block C-7, Keshav Puram, Delhi. This library comprises a reading room and a library.

The Reference Library was started on 11 April 1993. This air-conditioned library is located at plot No. 8, Local Shopping Centre, Block C-7, Keshav Puram, Delhi-110035. The seating capacity is about 450 readers. The library opens from 7.30 am to 9.30 pm on all days of the week. The readers are mostly the students appearing for competitive and professional examinations like Indian Administrative Service, IPC, Chartered Accountants, Engineering, Company Secretaryship, Cost Accountancy, Medicine, Banking, etc., and also college students. They come from different parts of the North Delhi, West Delhi and even from other far-flung areas. The readers are provided with books for reference in the library itself.but most of them are for staff selection commission.

External links
 Dr. Vijay Pal Memorial Library homepage
 ExpressIndia: Daulatpur library cries foul

Libraries in Delhi
Delhi
1975 establishments in Delhi
Libraries established in 1975

Dr. Vijay Pal Memorial Library


Kamikaze Taxi (stylized as KAMIKAZE TAXI in Japan) is a 1995 Japanese action and crime film by director Masato Harada. The film is about Tatsuo (Kazuya Takahashi), a gangster and pimp who sends out his only prostitute (Reiko Kataoka) to service a politician. When she returns beaten, Tatsuo's girlfriend complains but is killed by crime boss Animaru (Mickey Curtis). Tatsuo seeks revenge as he and his gang vandalize the politician's house and steal money. In retaliation, Tatsuo's bosses put a hit out on them. He flees, riding in the taxi driven by a Peruvian Japanese named Kantake (Kōji Yakusho). The film was shown at the 1995 London Film Festival and actor Mickey Curtis won the Kinema Junpo Award for best supporting actor in 1996 for his work in the film.

Production
The soundtrack for Kamikaze Taxi was composed by Masahiro Kawasaki, who used Peruvian pipes. To deal with the Peruvian-Japanese taxi driver character in the film, director Masato Harada had Kawasaki listen to tapes of Peruvian music to come up with a similar sound.

Release
Kamikaze Taxi was released in Japan on April 25, 1995.
The film was shown at the 1995 London Film Festival.

Reception
Mickey Curtis won the Kinema Junpo Award for best supporting actor in 1996 for his work in the film. Time magazine stated that "the narrative is overly long (160 minutes) and lacks cohesion. But the film has an epic lunacy, a satiric darkness. Its neon-lit nightscapes and vivid brutality dance, shock--and leave the viewer both riveted and repulsed." Variety also commented on the films length, noting "Though the film could easily lose a quarter of an hour from a self-indulgent sequence in a group-therapy clinic, there's actually very little slackness during the 170-minute running time."

Cast
Kōji Yakusho as Kantake
Kazuya Takahashi as Tatsuo
Reiko Kataoka as Tama
Kenichi Yajima as Ishida
Takeshi Caesar
Mickey Curtis as Animaru
Taketoshi Naito as Domon

Notes

External links

1995 action thriller films
1995 crime thriller films
Japanese action thriller films
Yakuza films
Films directed by Masato Harada
1990s Japanese films

Kamikaze Taxi


A plateau is an area of raised land that is flat on top.

The biggest, tallest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau. A plateau with a lot of erosion is called a disconnected plateau. A plateau that is also a volcano is called a volcanic plateau. Some plateaus are under the ocean, like the Seychelles plateau or the Ontong Java Plateau. Plateaus are often by themselves with no other plateaus around, sometimes standing on top of mountains.Plateaus can be of three types: Tectonic Plateaus, Residual Plateaus and Volcanic Plateaus.

The plural of 'plateau' is plateaux, or plateaus.

Landforms

Plateau


Mesopotamia is a narrow ait (about 800 yards by 30 yards) that forms part of the University Parks in Oxford, England. It lies between the upper and lower levels of the River Cherwell which are partly interspersed with the Thames. The name Mesopotamia in Greek means "between the rivers", and is shared with an area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq.

The land was purchased by the University of Oxford during the expansion of the Oxford University Parks between 1860 and 1865. A footpath, Mesopotamia Walk, laid out in 1865 runs along the centre of the spur to Kings Mill.

The Domesday Book records a watermill on this site and milling continued until 1825; one level of the river was once the mill stream. From 1914, attempts were made to introduce wild ducks and geese to the area, which proved fruitless due to a predatory otter population. Until 1926, a ferry operated from a point halfway along the Walk, when it was replaced by a footbridge.

Position:

See also
 Addison's Walk
 Parson's Pleasure
 Dame's Delight

References

1865 establishments in England
Footpaths in Oxford
University of Oxford sites
Parks and open spaces in Oxford
Islands of the River Thames

Mesopotamia, Oxford