The Fiumelatte Cave is a cave in the municipality of Fiumlatte near Lierna Lake Como for a long time by Leonardo da Vinci, while staying in Lierna, and mentioned in his Code Atlantic. In the 1600s the sons of the high nobility had to visit it as part of the Grand Tour to form their culture.

Ancient history
The cave was sacred in Celtic antiquity. Many popular legends are told about it. Its access is very easy, and has been the subject of several artistic representations. Near the cave at the foot of the mountain, it is possible to reach a further unique cave to preserve the millenary perennial ice called the Ghiacciaia del Moncodeno.

Fiumelatte water river begins to appear around March 25 of each year to disappear on October 7. Among his first to deal with the mystery we find even Leonardo da Vinci, in his Codex Atlanticus. The characteristics of Fiumelatte have given birth to several legends. The most famous tells us of a splendid girl with blue eyes and blond hair, courted by many suitors who promised her heart to anyone who would reveal the origin of Fiumelatte. The young suitors entered the cave and then came out after a long time prematurely aged and mute, paralyzed by who knows what encounters and visions.

Studies
There is a relation between the cave and the karst system shown in the mountain's summit that gives rise to the perennial ice. In 1989 there was a scientific proof. This confirmed the ancient studies by Leonardo da Vinci. His study described the flow of the particular beneficial waters under these mountain as "the veins of the human body". The study of water has always been one of the most cherished times by Leonardo da Vinci who traveled long time to the paths of these mountains.

The cave was studied for a long time by Leonardo da Vinci who describes it in Codex Atlanticus with the term "fiumleaccio".

Leonardo da Vinci was very attached to Lake Como. The Mona Lisa, whose outlines follow the promontory of Bellagio on Lake Como seen from above, gives a glimpse in the background of the bridge of Azzone Visconti in 1300, with its arches, and the mountains of Lecco on Lake Como such as Monte Barro and the course of the Adda which becomes the lake of Garlate, while on the left is the San Martino. The Mona Lisa's hairstyle is a "sperada", the typical sunburst linked to the iconography of Lucia Mondella. Pascal Cotte, the scholar who was granted the honor of analyzing Leonardo's painting with a particular photographic camera, has highlighted around the head of the Mona Lisa twelve pins typical of the women of Lierna on Lake Como, where Leonardo da Vinci stayed to study its mountains and the Fiumelatte present in its Codex Atlanticus, and the tradition of the surrounding territories.

Even the painting by Leonardo da Vinci, "The Virgin of the Rocks", kept in the Louvre, is located in the cave of Lecco in Laorca. In the painting you can see the spikes of the Val Calolden, the Sasso Cavallo and the Sasso Carbonari. It is not a question of random elements, but of sought-after references, to trace a historical map of the Sforza of Milan. Leonardo also made the map of Lecco, A plan of the city before the construction of the sixteenth-century walls designed by Leonardo da Vinci, in which you can clearly see the fourteenth-century fortifications, the arc of the lakefront, the course of one of the streams that crosses the city with four mills and a tower, now incorporated in the walls. In the Windsor codes, we can trace drawings of snowy crests that belong to the Lecco landscape. We list, among all, the central massif of the Grigne, seen from the Brianza mountains that he traveled. The jagged profile of Due Mani and Resegone portrayed from Lake Oggiono and from Garlate. The hurricane in a valley between the mountains that among the low clouds, gathered between Moregallo and S. Martino, shakes the Lecco basin with winds.

Geography
The mountain trails of Lierna and the Fiumelatte cave were one of the most interesting attractions of the Grand Tour, a long journey in Continental Europe undertaken by the rich of the aristocracy European since 17th century and destined to perfect their knowledge. For this reason there are many high quality prints depicting this river, at the time called "the shortest river in the world".

Others who described its peculiarities were Pliny the Elder and Spallanzani.

The cave has galleries placed at various levels and characterized by the presence of a main fault, over 60 meters are under water.

At the top of the caves, you'll find the Ninfeo di Fiumelatte. A nymphaeum built by the ancient Romans as a stone monument decorated with plants and flowers to serve as a sanctuary and assembly chamber consecrated to the Nymphs. Nymphs are mythological creatures, small and beautiful female nature deities, similar to mermaids. They were known as the water gods and a large reason for the Fiumelatte creek's fresh water supply.

Related pages
 Grotta dell'Acqua Bianca (Mandello Lake Como)

 Sentiero di Leonardo
 Leonardo da Vinci
 Virgin of the Rocks

References

Trails of Italy
Milan
Caves of Europe

Fiumelatte Cave


Lalla ( 720–790 CE) was an Indian mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer who belonged to a family of astronomers. Lalla was the son of Trivikrama Bhatta and the grandson of Śâmba. He lived in central India, possibly in the Lāṭa region in modern south Gujarat. Lalla was known as being one of the leading Indian astronomers of the eighth century.
Only two of his works are currently thought to be extant.

His best-known work is the Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra ("Treatise which expands the intellect of students").  This text is one of the first major Sanskrit astronomical texts known from the period following the 7th-century works of Brahmagupta and Bhāskara I. It generally treats the same astronomical subject matter and demonstrates the same computational techniques as earlier authors, although there are some significant innovations, such that Lalla's treatise offers a compromise between the rival astronomical schools of his predecessors, Āryabhaṭa I and Brahmagupta. It is within the Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra that the earliest known description of perpetual motion is described.

The other extant work by Lalla is the Jyotiṣaratnakośa ("Treasury of Jewels"), a treatise on catarchic astrology. This work is one of the earliest known Sanskrit astrological works for determining auspicious and inauspicious times. No edition of this text has ever been published while the known manuscripts are incomplete.

In his work, Lalla drew on his predecessors Brahmagupta, and Bhāskara I. In turn, he influenced later generations of astronomers, including Āryabhaṭa II, Śrīpati, Vaṭeśvara, and Bhāskara II (who later wrote a commentary on the Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra).

He followed the Āryapakṣa or the school of Āryabhaṭa (continued by Bhāskara I), but divided the mahāyuga in the traditional way, following the Brāhmapakṣa school
of Brahmagupta.

Works
 Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra: The most extensive extant exposition of the views of the Āryapaksa school. It contains twenty-two chapters divided into two books:
 I. On the Computation of the Positions of the Planets
 On the mean longitudes of the planets.
 On the true longitudes of the planets.
 On the three problems involving diurnal motion.
 On lunar eclipses.
 On solar eclipses.
 On the syzygies.
 On the heliacal settings and risings of the planets.
 On the shadow of the moon.
 On the lunar crescent.
 On planetary conjunctions.
 On conjunctions of the planets with the stars.
 On the pātas of the sun and moon.
 Conclusion.
 II. On the Sphere
 On graphical representations.
 On the construction of the celestial sphere.
 On the principles of mean motion.
 On the terrestrial sphere.
 On the motions and stations of the planets.
 On geography.
 On erroneous knowledge.
 On instruments.
 On certain (selected) problems"
 Jyotiṣaratnakośa: A popular book on astronomy in India
 A commentary on Brahmagupta's Khandakhadyaka, now lost

Notes

References

 K. V. Sarma. "Lalla." Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, ed. Helaine Selin, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997, p. 508.

 "Lalla." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 7. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. 582-583. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 June 2013.
Bracher, Katherine. The Biographical Encyclopedia Of Astronomers [Electronic Resource] / Edited By K. Bracher ... [Et Al.]. n.p.: New York ; London : Springer, 2006., 2006. UNIV OF OKLAHOMA LIBRARIES's Catalog. Web. 6 June 2013.

8th-century Indian astronomers
8th-century Indian mathematicians
720 births
790 deaths
Scholars from Gujarat

Lalla


John T. Kostuck (October 7, 1892 – August 2, 1960) was an American salesman, piano tuner, and legislator.

Born in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, Kostuck was blinded at age fourteen in a blasting accident while working on a farm. Kostuck went to the Wisconsin School for the Blind for his high school education. Kostuck then went to University of Wisconsin–Madison and then taught high school at the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind in Staunton, Virginia. He then became a salesman and piano tuner in Stevens Point.

Political life
Kostuck ran in the 1926 Republican primary election for Wisconsin's 8th congressional district against incumbent Edward E. Browne, in a district so Republican that neither the Democrat nor the Socialist had the right to appear on the general election ballot; he came in a distant third in a three-way race. He tried again in 1928, receiving 22.3% of the vote in a head-to-head contest with Browne.

In 1930 he chose instead to run for the Republican nomination for the Portage County seat in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a progressive. He won his party's nomination, and unseated Democratic incumbent Michael Mersch, becoming the first blind member of Wisconsin's legislature. He would be re-elected fourteen times to that seat, the first time (1930) as a Republican, the next four times (1934-1940) as a member of the newly created Wisconsin Progressive Party. In 1942, he switched his affiliation to the Democratic Party, and ran unopposed in both the primary and general elections, as he would in every subsequent election through 1958. He died in Stevens Point in 1960 while still in office and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Norman Myhra (himself disabled; he had lost both hands in combat during World War II)

Notes

1892 births
1960 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American businesspeople
American blind people
American politicians with disabilities
Blind politicians
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
People from Stevens Point, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Wisconsin Democrats
Wisconsin Progressives (1924)
Wisconsin Republicans
Piano tuners

John Kostuck


Wolf It is a British television series produced by Scottish Television and broadcast on CITV for 4 series between 1993 and 1996. The show is a spin off from the Saturday morning television series What's Up Doc? and features Bro and Bro, two English wolves who featured regularly in the aforementioned show. The programme was filmed in and around the Maidstone television studios, where it was also set, with Bro & Bro having set up home in a film vault.

The wolves called each other "Bro". Their real names were never heard, as there was always some noise which would mask whatever was being said by any person who was saying their names at the time.

The show replaced Rolf's Cartoon Club, and like the previous show, also showed cartoons, all from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series, which ITV owned the rights to at the time, 2 shorts were shown each episode.

Bro and Bro were voiced by Don Austen and John Eccleston. Despite Eccleston's shoes being filled on the original What's Up Doc? (series 3 onwards) by Dave Chapman, best known perhaps for portraying Otis the Aardvark as well as multiple characters on Dick and Dom in Da Bungalow. Eccleston continued to perform his character for subsequent series of Wolf It!

Series 3 and 4 were known as Wolf It: The Next Generation.

Releases
In 1994, a video was released containing 4 episodes from the first series, albeit without the cartoon shorts. However, apart from this, there have been no further releases, and the episodes have not been rerun.

Trivia
Eccleston and Austen have been frequent collaborators, also working together as Sage & Onion- puppet leprechauns on BBC Saturday Morning show Live & Kicking, Iver & Groove on pre-school programme The Hoobs and Scratch and Sniff on ITV Saturday Morning show Ministry of Mayhem and spin-off Scratch & Sniff's Den of Doom.

Transmission guide
Series 1: 13 editions from 4 November 1993 – 10 February 1994
Series 2: 12 editions from 21 September 1994 – 7 December 1994
Renamed Wolf it - The Next Generation
Series 3: 8 editions from 23 August 1995 – 11 October 1995
Series 4: 4 editions from 28 August 1996 – 18 September 1996

1993 British television series debuts
1996 British television series endings
1990s British children's television series
British children's comedy television series
British television shows featuring puppetry
English-language television shows
ITV children's television shows
Television series about wolves
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Scottish Television

Wolf It


Frank Philbrick (born May 23, 1978, in Northampton, Massachusetts) is a former professional baseball player turned carpenter and author. Philbrick co-authored his first book, The Backyard Lumberjack, alongside his father, Stephen Philbrick, in 2006.

After graduating from Brown University in the spring of 2001, where Philbrick was an English major and a left-handed pitcher, Philbrick signed a professional baseball contract with the Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs of the independent Northeast League. Later that summer, Philbrick was released, but continued his career with the Berkshire Black Bears, who made their home at historic Wahconah Park in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.  Having grown up in nearby Cummington, Massachusetts, Philbrick was a local favorite. After playing with the Berkshire Black Bears, Philbrick played in the Frontier League. In the spring of 2002, Philbrick retired from pitching and began work as an author and carpenter.

Frank's first book, The Backyard Lumberjack is a how-to guide and personal account of managing a woodlot. Drawing on a lifetime of personal experience with forestry, farming, and woodworking, the Philbricks impart both the technical and emotional aspects of the firewood process, detailing each step from tree to stove.  The Backyard Lumberjack also shares tales of life in the rural hills of The Berkshires.  As part of the publicity for The Backyard Lumberjack, Philbrick appeared on the CBS Early Show, The Leonard Lopate Show on WNYC, The Arnie Arnesen Show, The Rachel Maddow Show on Air America Radio, Martha Stewart Living Radio on Sirius Satellite Radio, and The Playboy Radio Show also on Sirius Satellite Radio. Philbrick and his father, Stephen, also appeared on The History Channel show, "Modern Marvels: The History of the Axe" where, using only a sharpened axe, the father-son team were filmed cutting down a pine tree measuring six feet in circumference.  The show aired on May 30, 2008.

Publicity for The Backyard Lumberjack led to an unexpected foray into modeling.  Magnum photographer Bruce Weber photographed Philbrick for a "L'Uomo Vogue" piece on American men's sports and Philbrick appeared in print and television advertisements photographed by Weber for the "American Living" ad campaign which aired during the 2008 Academy Awards.  Philbrick subsequently appeared in the Rogues Gallery Spring/Summer 2008 lookbook.

Philbrick's next book project is underway.  Using an extensive diary he kept while playing ball, Philbrick is translating his time in the minor leagues into his next non-fiction novel.

The Philbrick family has a strong literary and artistic tradition.  Frank's father, Stephen, has published three books of poetry and is minister of the West Cummington Congregational Church.  Frank's grandfather, Charles Horace Philbrick, was an award-winning poet and professor of English at Brown. Frank is also a cousin of bestselling author, winner of the 2000 National Book Award, and 2007 Pulitzer Prize nominee, Nathaniel Philbrick, best known for his books, In The Heart of the Sea; Mayflower; The Last Stand; Why Read Moby Dick; and Bunker Hill: a City, a Siege, a Revolution.  Frank's mother, Ann Leone, is a published author and a professor of French Studies and Landscape Studies at Smith College.  Frank's cousin Clancy Philbrick is a contemporary American artist.

Between writing projects, Philbrick works as a carpenter.  Employing a technique dating back to Neolithic times, Philbrick designed and constructed two timber-framed barns - one in Berkshire County, Massachusetts and the other in Hampden County, Massachusetts.  Philbrick also specializes in finish and restoration carpentry.

In 2012, Philbrick, along with his fiancé and their daughter, moved from the Greenpoint neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York to his childhood farm in Cummington, Massachusetts.

Books
 The Backyard Lumberjack: The Ultimate Guide to Felling, Bucking, Splitting & Stacking. Frank Philbrick and Stephen Philbrick. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing, LLC, 2006.

External links
 Frank Philbrick's career statistics on Baseball-Reference.com
 Philbrick named Ivy League Pitcher of the Week, 21 Mar. 2001.
 Philbrick on the Leonard Lopate Show, 3 Jan. 2006.
 Philbrick on the CBS Early Show, 17 Oct. 2006.
 Philbrick on The Rachel Maddow Show, 17 Nov. 2006.

References

1978 births
Living people
Writers from Northampton, Massachusetts
American male writers
Brown University alumni
People from Cummington, Massachusetts
Philbrick family
People from Greenpoint, Brooklyn
Baseball players from Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Baseball players from Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Northampton, Massachusetts

Frank Philbrick


John Christopher Mullins (born 6 November 1985) is an English former professional footballer who primarily played as a centre-back.

Mullins started his career with Reading, but it was during two separate loan spells with Kidderminster Harriers that he first came to prominence, prompting Mansfield Town to sign him on his release from the Reading in 2006. He was with Mansfield for two seasons before moving to Stockport County. In 2010, he joined Rotherham United, and following his loan at Oxford United he was made Rotherham's captain as they finished runners-up in League Two. In July 2013, he joined Oxford United permanently, staying for three seasons before his transfer to Luton Town.

Club career

Reading
Born in Hampstead, Greater London, Mullins signed his first professional contract with Reading on 16 December 2004 until the end of 2005–06, having progressed through the club's youth system. He later became captain of the reserve team and made seven appearances. Mullins was released by Reading upon the expiry of his contract.

Kidderminster Harriers (loan)
Mullins joined League Two club Kidderminster Harriers on loan for the remainder of 2004–05 on 17 December 2004, making his debut one day later in a 2–0 defeat away to Cheltenham Town. He scored his first goal for the club on 29 January 2005 in a 3–1 win away to Cambridge United. Mullins also scored the only goal of the reverse fixture against Cheltenham Town on 5 March. His season was ended by a hamstring injury in a 1–1 draw with Yeovil Town on 16 April, having made 21 appearances for the club.

Mullins re-signed for Kidderminster Harriers, newly relegated to the Conference National on 25 October 2005 on an initial one-month loan. His loan was later extended until late January, and once more until the end of 2005–06 on 10 January 2006. He made 30 appearances in all competitions, scoring two goals, and was named Player of the Season by the club's supporters.

Mansfield Town
Mullins signed a two-year contract with League Two club Mansfield Town on 31 May 2006. He immediately established himself in the first-team and made 48 appearances in 2006–07, scoring two goals. In 2007–08, Mullins was described by manager Billy Dearden as the most improved player in League Two, and won Mansfield's Player of the Season award. Mansfield were relegated to the Conference Premier at the end of the season, prompting Mullins to turn down the offer of a new contract, as he wanted to stay in the Football League.

Stockport County
Mullins signed a two-year contract with League One club Stockport County on 16 June 2008, with Stockport paying Mansfield compensation. He made his debut for the club in a 1–1 draw away to Huddersfield Town on the opening day of 2008–09. Mullins scored his first goals for the club in a 4–2 win away to Yeovil Town on 13 December. He captained the team when club captain Michael Raynes was sidelined due to a hamstring injury. Mullins went on to make 39 appearances in all competitions, scoring three goals. In 2009–10, Mullins took over as club captain, following the departure of Michael Raynes to Scunthorpe United. During the season, Mullins made 41 appearances in all competitions, scoring once.

Rotherham United
Mullins signed for League Two club Rotherham United on a free transfer on 6 July 2010, following the expiration of his Stockport contract. He made his debut for the club on 31 August in a 1–0 win at home to Lincoln City in the Football League Trophy. Mullins made 39 appearances in all competitions in 2010–11, scoring once in a 4–2 win away to Burton Albion on 26 February 2011. He followed up with a further 37 appearances in all competitions in 2011–12, scoring twice. Mullins was made captain of the club in 2012–13, after Ian Sharps joined Burton Albion on loan. He was part of the squad that was promoted to League One as League Two runners-up after a 2–0 win at home to Aldershot Town on 27 April 2013, in which Mullins scored the opening goal.

Oxford United
On 5 October 2012, Mullins joined League Two club Oxford United on a three-month emergency loan. He made his debut a day later in a 0–0 draw at home to Gillingham. Mullins was recalled by parent club Rotherham on 21 November, after they exercised the 24-hour recall option as part of his loan deal, having made eight appearances, scoring twice.

On 22 July 2013, Mullins signed for Oxford permanently on a three-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He scored an 82nd-minute winner in a 2–1 win at home to Bury on 10 August, and went on to score a 96th-minute equaliser at home to Wycombe Wanderers two weeks later, followed by a 57th-minute equaliser away to Cheltenham Town on 14 September. After his original loan spell, Mullins had already become a fans' favourite, but nine games into 2013–14, he had been given the nickname "Magnet Man" by the players and fans, a nod towards his ability in the opposition box. He was a member of the squad that achieved promotion to League One at the end of 2015–16, having also captained the club at Wembley Stadium in the 2016 Football League Trophy final against Barnsley. On 23 May 2016, Oxford announced Mullins would be released upon the expiry of his contract, having made 149 appearances for the club, scoring nine times.

Luton Town
Mullins signed a two-year contract with League Two club Luton Town on 31 May 2016. He debuted on the opening day of 2016–17 in a 3–0 win away to Plymouth Argyle.

He was released by Luton at the end of the 2017–18 season.

Cheltenham Town
Following his release by Luton, Mullins signed for League Two club Cheltenham Town on a two-year contract. He left Cheltenham by mutual consent at the end of the 2018–19 season with a year remaining on his contract, having made the decision to retire from professional football.

Personal life
In the summer of 2008, Mullins graduated from Staffordshire University with a degree in Professional Sports Writing and Broadcasting. His sister, Geena Mullins, is a glamour model who has appeared in magazines including lads' magazine Zoo Weekly.

Career statistics

Honours
Rotherham United
Football League Two runner-up: 2012–13

Oxford United
Football League Trophy runner-up: 2015–16
Football League Two runner-up: 2015–16

Luton Town
EFL League Two runner-up: 2017–18

Individual
Kidderminster Harriers Player of the Season: 2005–06
Mansfield Town Player of the Season: 2007–08

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Hampstead
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Reading F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Alumni of Staffordshire University

Johnny Mullins


Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP (1944–1983), was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz.

Over the years, "Jazz at the Philharmonic" featured many of the era's preeminent musicians, including Louie Bellson, Ray Brown, Benny Carter, Nat King Cole, Sonny Criss, Buddy DeFranco, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Roy Eldridge, Herb Ellis, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Hampton, Bill Harris, Coleman Hawkins, J. C. Heard, Billie Holiday, Helen Humes, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Illinois Jacquet, J. J. Johnson, Hank Jones, Jo Jones, Barney Kessel, Kenny Kersey, Gene Krupa, Lou Levy, Meade Lux Lewis, Shelly Manne, Fats Navarro, Charlie Parker, Oscar Peterson, Flip Phillips, Buddy Rich, Charlie Shavers, Willie Smith, Sonny Stitt, Slim Gaillard, Clark Terry, Tommy Turk, T-Bone Walker, Ben Webster, Lee Young, Lester Young, and Trummy Young.

Concerts and tours

The very first concert was held on Sunday, July 2, 1944, at the Philharmonic Auditorium, Los Angeles, and featured Illinois Jacquet, Jack McVea, J. J. Johnson, Shorty Sherock, Nat King Cole, Les Paul, Johnny Miller, Meade Lux Lewis, Bumps Myers, Joe Sullivan, Buddy Rich, Randall Miller, Bud Hatch, Marie Bryant, Red Callender, Lee Young, and Carolyn Richards.  Illinois Jacquet, Nat King Cole and Les Paul, in particular, created a sensation.  The title of the concert had been shortened by the printer of the advertising supplements from "A Jazz Concert at the Philharmonic Auditorium" to "Jazz at the Philharmonic". Norman Granz organized the concert with about $300 of borrowed money.  Only one copy of the first concert program is known to exist.

Jazz tenor saxophonist Flip Phillips played at all the JATP concerts from 1946 to 1957.

Norman Granz recorded many JATP concerts, and sold or leased (from 1945 to 1947) the recordings to Asch/Disc/Stinson Records (record producer Moses Asch's labels). Later, from 1948 to 1953, Granz leased the Jazz at the Philharmonic recordings to Mercury Records, and later issued/reissued them on Norgran (founded 1953), from 1953 on Clef (founded 1946), and from 1956 on Verve (founded 1956), which at the time, were his own labels.

In 1961, Granz sold Verve (which by then had absorbed the catalogues of his earlier labels, Clef Records and Norgran Records, as well as material previously licensed to Mercury Records) to MGM Records for $3.1 million.

In the 1970s, Granz kept the spirit of the JATP alive on his many jam session style records for his Pablo label (founded 1973), also used for previously unissued JATP concerts. In 1987, he sold Pablo to Fantasy Records.

The JATP concerts featured swing and bebop musicians. They were among the first high-profile performances to feature racially integrated bands, and Granz cancelled some bookings rather than have the musicians perform for segregated audiences.

Tours
JATP Tours - USA and Canada (1945–1957):

1st National Tour: Late Fall/Winter of 1945–46.
2nd National Tour: Spring, 1946.
3rd National Tour: Fall, 1946.
4th National Tour: Spring, 1947.
5th National Tour: Fall, 1947.
6th National Tour: Spring, 1948.
7th National Tour: Fall, 1948.
8th National Tour: Spring, 1949.
9th National Tour: Fall, 1949.
10th National Tour: Fall, 1950.
11th National Tour: Fall, 1951.
12th National Tour: Fall, 1952.
13th National Tour (USA, Canada, Hawaii, Australia and Japan): Fall, 1953.
14th National Tour: Fall, 1954.
16th National Tour (Note: the 15th National Tour, in the fall of 1955, was renamed: 16th National Tour, just weeks before the start of the JATP Tour): Fall, 1955.
17th National Tour: Fall, 1956.
18th National Tour: Fall, 1957.

JATP Tours - Europe (1952–1959)

1st European Tour: Spring, 1952.
2nd European Tour (Only two concerts in the UK: London, March 8 at Gaumont State Kilburn): Spring, 1953.
3rd European Tour: Spring, 1954.
4th European Tour: Spring, 1955.
5th European Tour: Spring, 1956.
6th European Tour: Spring, 1957.
7th European Tour (1st UK Tour!): Spring, 1958.
8th European Tour: Spring, 1959.

After the JATP concerts in the fall of 1957, "Jazz at the Philharmonic" ceased touring the United States and Canada (with the exception of one final North American Tour in 1967), but continued intermittently mainly in Europe and Japan until 1983, with the last JATP concerts being performed in October, 1983, in Tokyo, Japan.

Legacy
Recordings held by Verve Records of the first five years (1944–1949) of JATP have been issued in a Deluxe 10-CD Box Set.

The Jazz at the Philharmonic recordings were selected by the Library of Congress as a 2010 addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

References

Jazz events
Music of California
Culture of Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles
.
1944 establishments in California
United States National Recording Registry recordings

Jazz at the Philharmonic


Sports in the Philippines is an important part of the country's culture.
There are six major sports in the Philippines: basketball, boxing, tennis, football, billiards, and volleyball.

Administration
The governing agency for sports in the Philippines is the Philippine Sports Commission which was created in 1990 while the Games and Amusements Board is the government's regulatory body for professional sports in the country.

The Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), a private entity is the sports body which represents the Philippines in international sports competition sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee including the Olympic Games. The POC was established in 1975, replacing the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation which was founded in 1911. The POC's membership also includes national sports associations (NSAs), organizations which governs a specific sport or discipline in the country. The Philippine Paralympic Committee is the POC's counterpart in disabled sports and is a member of the International Paralympic Committee.

There are also other alternative sporting bodies such as the Federation of School Sports Association of the Philippines which claims to be the sole governing body for university sports in the country and participates in International University Sports Federation (FISU) sanctioned tournaments.

Summary by discipline

Traditional sports

The Philippines has numerous traditional sports that were popular before the colonial era and after the colonial era. Among these are archery, arnis, horse-riding, fling sports, wrestling sports, dart sports, track sports, and traditional martial arts.

With the sport of cockfighting being wildly popular in the Philippines, attracting large crowds who bet on the outcome of fights between the birds, and the sport itself a popular form of fertility worship among almost all Southeast Asians. Such sports activity as the sport of cockfighting, related to ritual forms of worship as practices and rituals of ancient worship intended for the blessings of the supernatural, as "in Indus Valley and other ancient civilizations, mother goddess had been invoked for fertility and prosperity" which included that religious cockfight lay as a prime example of "cultural synthesis of 'little' and 'great' cultures"

Arnis is officially recognized as a national sport as per Republic Act No. 9850 of 2009.

Individual sports

Boxing

The Philippines has produced more than 40 boxing world champions such as Luisito Espinosa, Donnie Nietes, Gerry Peñalosa, and Johnriel Casimero.

Boxing is among the most popular individual sports in the Philippines. Some Filipino boxers such as Nonito Donaire, Gabriel Elorde, Pancho Villa and Manny Pacquiao are recognized internationally. The Amateur Boxing Association of the Philippines is the governing body for amateur boxing in the country.

The Association of Boxing Alliances in the Philippines (formerly Amateur Boxing Association of the Philippines) (ABAP) is the governing body of amateur boxing in the Philippines. The ABAP's current goal is for the country to win its first ever Olympic gold medal in boxing, to be recognized as one of the world's boxing powers as well as to improve the image of the Philippines abroad.

The country continually produces talented fighters, often in the junior featherweight division (122 pounds and below). The International Boxing Association sanctions amateur (Olympic-style) boxing matches which allows the national amateur boxing athletes of the Philippines to represent the country and compete in regional, continental and international matches and tournaments. The Philippines has currently two silver and three bronze Olympic medals.

Figure skating
Ice skating rinks used as venues for figure skating are limited to shopping malls in the country, particularly in the Metro Manila area. The first ice skating rink in the country was opened in 1992 at SM Megamall in Mandaluyong. The first Olympic sized ice skating rink was opened at the SM Mall of Asia. An ice skating rink also operates in SM Southmall. There are more figure skating coaches in the Philippines than ice hockey coaches and the first Filipino ice skating coaches were roller skaters. The Philippine Championship is a national competitive for ice skating in which the winner gets to represent the country in international competitions. The Philippines has also managed to qualify and send a figure skater to the 2014 Winter Olympics becoming the first Southeast Asian country to do so at the Winter Olympics. The said figure skater was Michael Christian Martinez.

Team sports

Basketball

Basketball was introduced in the country during the American colonial era and was one of the sports contested at the now defunct Far Eastern Championship Games. The men's national team has competed in the Summer Olympics making their debut in 1936 although they have been absent in the recent editions of the Games.They have also competed in the FIBA World Cup with the country hosting the tournament when it was still known as the FIBA World Championships in 1978.Their third-place finish in the 1954 edition was their best performance in the tournament, they will host the 2023 edition with Japan and Indonesia.

The Philippine Basketball Association is the oldest league in Asia and is the top basketball league in the country. Other rival or smaller leagues in the country are organized.  There are college basketball leagues and competitions such as the Philippine Collegiate Championship.  Basketball matches of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines and the National Collegiate Athletic Association also receives attention.

The country also has a women's basketball team which has competed at the FIBA Asia Women's Championship, as well as men youth team's and 3x3 national teams.

The Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (Basketball Federation of the Philippines) is the national sport association of basketball in the Philippines.

Association football

Football in the country dates back in the 1890s. The men's national team of the Philippines played their earlier matches prior to World War II against China and Japan at the Far Eastern Championship Games.They experience a decline after that period but has since recovered following their stint at the 2010 AFF Championship. The country also organizes a women's national team which has qualified for the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2023.

The Philippines Football League is the top flight football league in the country. Each club represents their respective cities or provinces and required to have a youth squad for the Youth League. It also helps to promote football awareness and grassroots program to the young Filipino footballers who admire to play professional football.

The Philippine Football Federation is the governing body for football in the country.

Volleyball

The NSA affiliated with the sport is called the Philippine National Volleyball Federation. Women's volleyball currently enjoys immense popularity primarily due to its growing fan base in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines and the National Collegiate Athletic Association amateur tournaments.

Internationally, competitors are given the opportunity to represent the country in tournaments such as the Southeast Asian Games as well as the Olympics.

The sport has also seen the development of leagues such as the Philippine Super Liga, Spikers' Turf and the Premier Volleyball League.

American football
American football is a relatively new sport to the Philippines. ArenaBall Philippines was the first league and lasted from 2009 to 2015. In 2016 the Philippine-American Football League was founded. The Philippines also organizes a men's national team.

Baseball

Baseball was introduced in the Philippines by the Americans. The first baseball game in the Philippines was played in September 1898 weeks after the Battle of Manila, a match between Astor Battery led by George Wetlaufer and a regiment from the American Army. From 1899 to 1900, baseball clubs were established by local Filipinos. The sport's introduction aided the American colonial government's assimilation efforts. General Otis planned to eliminate local cockfighting through the introduction of the sport. A baseball league composing of six clubs was established. Then, Governor General William Howard Taft encouraged baseball in the archipelago. Baseball grew to be a popular sport in the country. The national team is Philippines national baseball team and the governing body is PABA

Rugby league
Rugby league was first played in the Philippines in 2012. The Philippines National Rugby League are the governing body and are responsible for the growth of rugby league in the Philippines. The sport was introduced to the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy by Australian expats. Clubs have also been established by Papua New Guinean expats and students (where rugby league is their national sport).

The national team are known as the Tamaraws and represents the country in international rugby league competition.

Rugby union

The Philippine Rugby Football Union was founded in 1998 and is the governing body of rugby union in the Philippines. There are currently around 12 schools playing rugby union in the Philippines and 10 teams that compete in regular competition. The national team is known as the Volcanoes and competes in the Asia Rugby Championship and the Asian Sevens Series.

Sports leagues
The following are the main domestic leagues (or de facto top-flight leagues) in the Philippines.

International sports participation

Olympics and Paralympics

The Philippines has participated in all editions of the Olympics except in 1980 when it joined the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. The country is also the first tropical nation to participate at the Winter Olympics, debuting at the 1972 edition and has participated in three other edition of the winter games.

The Philippines has also participated in the Summer Paralympics although it has still to make its debut in the Winter Paralympics.

The country won its first Olympic gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics through weightlifter Hidilyn Diaz.

Domestic multi-sport competitions

The Philippine government organizes multiple national games.

Philippine National Games – open national games sanctioned by the Philippine Sports Commission
Palarong Pambansa – national games for student-athletes under the Department of Education
Batang Pinoy (Philippine Youth Games) – national games for youth, 15 years and under.

See also
 Department of Sports (Philippines)
 Philippines at the Southeast Asian Games
 Project Gintong Alay
 Bodybuilding in the Philippines
 Horseracing in the Philippines
 Volleyball in the Philippines

Notes

References

Sports in the Philippines


Warren Bradford "Brad" Rigdon (born 1938) is an American former business executive at McDonnell Douglas, also known for developing the NIST Enterprise Architecture Model.

Biography
Rigdon obtained his BA in business administration at the University of Missouri in 1961.

After graduation in 1961 Rigdon started his 30 years long career at McDonnell Douglas in the McDonnell Automation Company (McAuto) division. By 1966, he was a senior consultant. He then held a variety of management positions in systems services and marketing in New York, including Regional Director of the Northeast Region. he had also been a Director of Product Management, and Director of Business Applications for McAuto in long Beach. In 1980 he was named Director of McDonnell Douglas Corporation, in 1983 Vice President of the MDC Service organization at McAuto, in 1986 General Manager of McDonnell Douglas Aerospace Information Services Company (MDAIS). In 1988 he is appointed senior vice president of special projects at McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, St. Louis, a division of McDonnell Douglas Corp. From 1989 until his retirement early 1990s he was Senior Vice President of R&D.

Rigdon was also a member of the Executive Committee of the Regional Consortium for Education and Technology, Chairman of the Science and Engineering Committee of the St. Louis Regional Commerce and Growth Association, a member of the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School Management Information Forum and a member of the Board of Catholic Education of the Archdiocese of St. Louis.

Work
Rigdon summarized his work experience as "planning, performing and managing internal and commercial projects and organizations which determine user objectives and develop and deliver information technology-based solutions which support user requirements and improve user effectiveness."

McDonnell Douglas
At McDonnell Douglas Rigdon had planned, managed and reviewed software development, and was responsible for some of the corporate information, processing and communications systems. In his years he "helped build the commercial information systems business from a $50M operation to a $1.8B operation."

Enterprise architecture
In 1989 Rigdon chaired the "Architectures and Standards" working group of the NIST Information Management Directions conference, which developed the NIST Enterprise Architecture Model.

A discussion of architecture must take into account different levels of architecture. These levels can be illustrated by a pyramid, with the business unit at the top and the delivery system at the base. An enterprise is composed of one or more Business Units that are responsible for a specific business area. The five levels of architecture are Business Unit, Information, Information System, Data and Delivery System. The levels are separate yet interrelated... The idea if an enterprise architecture reflects an awareness that the levels are logically connected and that a depiction at one level assumes or dictates that architectures at the higher level.

Selected publications
 Tattini, E. L., Stormfeltz, H. B., Smith, B. M., Rigdon, W. B., McGrath, M. F., Lepisto, B., ... & Adams, C. R. (1988). "Presentations at CALS Conference (Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support). Phase 1.1. Core Requirements Held in Gaithersburg, Maryland on April 26, 1988." National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg, MD. Support Office.
 W. Bradford Rigdon (1989) "Architectures and Standards". In: Information Management Directions: The Integration Challenge E.N. Fong and A.H. Goldfine (eds). NIST Sept 1989.

References

Attribution

1939 births
Living people
American businesspeople
American business theorists
University of Missouri alumni

W. Bradford Rigdon


Dey (), from the Turkish honorific title dayı, literally meaning uncle, was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers (Algeria), Tripoli, and Tunis under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 onwards. Twenty-nine deys held office from the establishment of the deylicate in Algeria until the French conquest in 1830.

The dey was chosen by local civilian, military, and religious leaders to govern for life and ruled with a high degree of autonomy from the Ottoman sultan. The main sources of his revenues were taxes on the agricultural population, religious tributes, and protection payments rendered by Corsairs, regarded as pirates who preyed on Mediterranean shipping. In the European part of the Ottoman Empire, in particular during its decline, leaders of the outlawed janissary and yamak troops sometimes acquired title of Dahi or Dahia, which is derived from Dey.

The dey was assisted in governing made up of the Chiefs of the Army and Navy, the Director of Shipping, the Treasurer-General and the Collector of Tributes.

The realm of the dey of Alger (Algiers) was divided into three provinces (Constantine, Titteri and Mascara), each of which was administered by a bey (باي) whom he appointed.

The rule of the deys of Alger came to an end on 5 July 1830, when Hussein Dey (1765–1838) surrendered to invading French forces.

The last Dey of Tripoli was killed by Ahmed Karamanli, who established the eponymous Karamanli dynasty in 1711.

Investiture of the deys of Algiers
According to Ottoman Algerian dignitary and scholar Hamdan khodja, The Dey or Pasha can only be invested with this dignity by the members of the Divan in their presence, and even when the kaftan and the firman of the Ottoman Porte arrives, it is they who, after having made the election, designate the person of the sovereign to the envoy of the Sublime Porte who comes to bring the nomination of whom they have already nominated.

At each bairam (or feast), this ceremony is renewed in the following way: a meeting is held in a room; the Dey, the one who was appointed, places himself in the middle of the Divan; his re-election is proposed, and when this re-election is made, his diploma is returned to him; but if there is any difference of opinion, another dey is appointed in his place.

In the 18th century, following the coup of Baba Ali Chaouche, the Divan was weakened, as the Deys became stronger. By the 19th century, the Divan was mostly ignored, especially the private Janissary Divan. The dey's council, (also called Cabinet by William Shaler) became more and more powerful. Dey Ali Khodja weakened the Janissary Divan to the point where they held no power. This angered the Janissaries, who launched a coup against the Dey. The coup failed, since the Dey successfully raised an army of Kabyle Zwawa cavalry, Arab infantry and Kouloughli troops. Many of the Janissaries were executed, while the rest fled, and the Divan moved to the citadel of the Casbah.

See also
 List of Pashas and Deys of Algiers
 List of Pashas and Deys of Tripoli
 Baig
 Bey

Sources

References

External links

Titles of national or ethnic leadership
Ottoman Algeria
Barbary Wars
Turkish words and phrases
Ottoman titles
Ottoman Tripolitania
Ottoman Tunisia

Dey


Richard Alexander Jamieson (November 13, 1937 – May 2, 2001) was an American football and baseball player and coach of football.  He was the offensive coordinator for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) in 1997. He also served as offensive coordinator for the Cardinals in 1985 when the franchise was in St. Louis, Missouri.

Playing career
Jamieson spent three seasons in professional football, 1959 with the NFL's Baltimore Colts and 1960 and 1961 in the American Football League, in which  he was originally the property of the Dallas Texans but was traded to the New York Titans, now the New York Jets.  He also spent two seasons in the  farm system of Major League Baseball's Pittsburgh Pirates after graduating from Bradley University in 1959.  He was a 'Little All-American' as a sophomore in 1956.

Coaching career
Prior to joining the Cardinals staff, Jamieson was the head coach at Indiana State University from 1978 to 1979, leading the Sycamores to a record of 11–11.

Jamieson returned to Peoria and began a coaching career that took him from Peoria High, where his teams were renowned for their offensive prowess, to an assistant coaching position at the University of Missouri. He left there to become head coach at Indiana State, then was hired onto the staff of the NFL's Cardinals, for whom he would serve two stints as offensive coordinator, one in St. Louis and one in Arizona.  Jamieson's career included time as an assistant coach for the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles and the Houston Oilers; he also served in the college ranks for Northwestern University, Rutgers University and Cerritos College.

Personal life
Jamieson's father was Robert Arthur Jamieson, a Scottish emigrant who was a prominent citizen of Peoria, Illinois. His younger brother is Bob Jamieson, a longtime television news correspondent at NBC News and ABC News.

Head coaching record

See also
 List of American Football League players

References

External links

1937 births
2001 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Arizona Cardinals coaches
Baltimore Colts players
Beaumont Pirates players
Bradley Braves football players
Grand Forks Chiefs players
Houston Oilers coaches
Indiana State Sycamores football coaches
Missouri Tigers football coaches
New York Titans (AFL) players
Northwestern Wildcats football coaches
Philadelphia Eagles coaches
Rutgers Scarlet Knights football coaches
San Angelo Pirates players
St. Louis Cardinals (football) coaches
High school football coaches in Illinois
Baseball players from Peoria, Illinois
People from Streator, Illinois
Coaches of American football from Illinois
Players of American football from Peoria, Illinois

Dick Jamieson


The Daugaard-Jensen Glacier is a large glacier located on the southeast coast of Greenland.

The glacier was first mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made during the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland (Treårsekspeditionen). It is named in honour of Niels Daugaard-Jensen, who was head of the Greenland department under the Danish Ministry of State and former governor (Landsfoged) of Northern Greenland.

Geography
Located in the northwestern side of Hinksland and south of Charcot Land, it drains an area of 50,150 km2 of the Greenland Ice Sheet with a flux (quantity of ice moved from the land to the sea) of 10.5 km3 per year, as measured for 1996.

With its terminus in the Nordvestfjord of the Scoresby Sound, it is one of the main producers of icebergs to the north of Iceland.

See also
List of glaciers in Greenland

References

Glaciers of Greenland
Scoresby Sound

Daugaard-Jensen Glacier


Peter Gage (born 31 August 1947) is an English rock guitarist, pianist, composer and record producer, best known for his work with Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band and Vinegar Joe.

Geno Washington and the Ram Jam Band
In 1964 Gage formed his Ram Jam Band with school friend Geoff Pullum and Pullum's musician colleagues from working Frankfurt clubs, Herb Prestige (drums) and John Roberts (Bass). Gage's name for the band was inspired by the Ram Jam Inn, a solitary pub on the A1 road in Rutland, UK which he often passed driving North on tour with The Zephyrs. Gage's aspiration was for the band to emulate the US soul shows such as Solomon Burke, James Brown, Johnny Otis & Motown all of which were practically unknown in the UK at that time. The Zephyrs had played at the East Anglian USAF Bases and Gage had met Geno Washington who regularly jumped up on stage and jammed with the visiting bands but Geno had another 14 months before being demobbed.

The formation of the Ram Jam Band consolidated after many auditions and adding saxophonists Lionel Kingham and Stephen 'Buddy' Beadle. Finding an effective singer proved harder despite trying several singers from the West Indian community; Kenny Bernard, Kenrick Des Etages and John Holder came and went. The longest collaboration was with singer Errol Dixon (Jamaican Chart single 'Got to have some') but although they performed at the prestigious 'Flamingo' jazz/soul club and Ska/BlueBeat heartland the 'Roaring 20's', Gage started to believe that the right singer for the band would have to be from an Afro-American background. He met with Geno Washington and offered him the money (on loan from his mother) to demob, return to the US and return to front the Ram Jam Band in the UK. Through a very nervous 2 months in 1965, the Ram Jams waited for Geno to return. After two weeks rehearsal, they auditioned for the Gunnell brothers, managers of the Flamingo Club and were immediately booked as a regular attraction.

They became known for their energetic live performances and released two live albums Hand Clappin, Foot Stompin, Funky-Butt ... Live! (1966) and Hipster Flipsters Finger Poppin' Daddies, both of which were major UK chart successes, although their singles "Water", "Hi Hi Hazel", "Que Sera Sera" and "Michael (the Lover)" only sold moderately.

The band toured extensively and built up a strong fanbase, particularly among the "mods". Their later albums Sifters, Shifters, Finger Clicking Mamas (1968) and Shake a Tail Feather Baby (both 1968) sold less well, and The Ram Jam Band broke up in late 1969 a few months after the death of Gage's wife Pauline, in a car crash returning from the Twisted Wheel in Manchester.

Vinegar Joe
Gage was approached by Elkie Brooks (whom he later married) to use the Ram Jam Band as her backing band. Gage declined but they became an item while Brooks rehearsed with Tim Hinkley's Jody Grind, to develop a more bluesy style than her previous pop genre. Gage produced several singles and LPs for the Major Minor label but then was inspired to form Dada, a 12-piece jazz fusion band, including Brooks. Dada soon had a deal with Atlantic Records, and released an album and toured the US. Gage meanwhile had met Robert Palmer while Palmer was still in Art College. Ahmed Ertegun of Atlantic wanted Dada to become more a typical rock act and dispense with their brass section. Gage persuaded Palmer to move to London, eventually to join Dada, and then in an agreement with Atlantic and Island records switch to the new smaller line up as Vinegar Joe. As well as playing guitar, piano and arranging, Gage wrote most of Vinegar Joe's songs, and was active in their production, producing or co-producing all three of their albums.

After the break up of Vinegar Joe, Gage continued writing, arranging and producing songs for Brooks, until their divorce.  He concentrated on producing, working with a wide range of successful musicians from mainstream acts such as Joan Armatrading. Some of Gage's record production work, particularly with rockabilly bands such as Restless, FrenZy , King Kurt and The Meteors, was under the pseudonym Micky Mutant.

Confusion
A different British musician named Pete Gage, was vocalist and harmonica player for Jet Harris (1967 "My Lady" single), and for Dr. Feelgood from 1995 to 1999. He also fronted his own band releasing albums featuring artists such as Gypie Mayo. Numerous discographies e.g. Allmusic and CD Universe combine those artists' output in one list.

Discography
NB this includes Gage's appearances as a musician and his role as a producer.

With Geno Washington
(performer)
Hand Clappin, Foot Stompin, Funky-Butt ... Live! (1966)
Hipster Flipsters Finger Poppin' Daddies
Sifters, Shifters, Finger Clicking Mamas (1968)
Shake a Tail Feather Baby (1968)

With Dada
Dada (album, 1970) (producer and performer)

With Vinegar Joe
(producer and performer)
Vinegar Joe 1972
Rock 'n' Roll Gypsies 1972
Six Star General 1973
Six Star Gypsies 1993

With Vinegar Joe members
Lancashire Hustler – Keef Hartley	1973
Shooting Star – Elkie Brooks 1978

With Joan Armatrading
Back to the Night 1975 (producer, performer)

 With Restless
After Midnight (1986)
Rock 'n' Roll Beginners 2003
#7 2007
Movin' On 2009
Beat My Drum

 With FrenZy
Clockwork Toy album 1985
I See Red single 1986

With Demented Are Go
In Sickness and in Health 1986
Orgasmic Nightmare 2003

With other artists
The Movies - The Movies 1975 (producer)
Mr. Mick – Stackridge 1976
Casino – 1976
Mean Time – The Barracudas 1983 (producer and performer)
"She's Lost You" – Joan Jett and the Blackhearts (1987) (writer)
Wheelin' 'N' Dealin'/Riding High – Sassafras 2006
Loveblows and Lovecries: A Confession – No-Man 1993
Kats Karavan: The History Of the John Peel Show – Various Artists	2009 (performer?)
Rock 'N' Roll Man – Mal Gray and the Wild Angels (compilation, 2007)
Wreckin' Crew The Meteors –
Stomping at the Klub Foot (Vol. 1 and 2)
Curse of the Coffin – Nekromantix 1991
Funtime – The Tall Boys 1998
Hypnosis – Torment 2002
Murder in the Graveyard – Screaming Lord Sutch 2003
No Peace for the Wicked – Fractured 2007
Four to the Bar – The Sureshots 2007
Clarendon Ballroom – Batmobile 2008
Glad Rags and Body Bags – Zombie Ghost Train

References

External links

1947 births
Living people
British blues (genre) musicians
Electric blues musicians
Blues rock musicians
English male songwriters
English record producers
English rock guitarists
English blues guitarists
English male guitarists
Lead guitarists
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
Musicians from Lewisham
Musicians from Kent
Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band members

Pete Gage (guitarist)


Rootpipe is a security vulnerability found in some versions of OS X that allows privilege escalation whereby a user with administrative rights, or a program executed by an administrative user, can obtain superuser (root) access. This is considered problematic as the first user account created under OS X is furnished with administrator rights by default. By leveraging other security vulnerabilities on a system, such as an unpatched web browser, rootpipe could be used by an attacker to help gain complete control of the operating system.

Emil Kvarnhammar of TrueSec, a security firm credited with the discovery, says that he found the vulnerability after several days of binary analysis. He recommends creating an account without administrative privileges to be used for normal everyday work and using FileVault.

An older exploit for the same issue was later published on exploit-db, suggesting the issue dates back to June 2010. It appears the exploit was used by the author during a presentation on Trusteer Rapport at 44con 2011.

The vulnerability was reported to Apple Inc. in October 2014, and has been reported as present in OS X versions 10.7.5, 10.8.2, 10.9.5 and 10.10.2. OS X 10.10.3 was officially designated as patched by Apple, but Kvarnhammar (crediting Patrick Wardle) has blogged that the vulnerability is still present in that version. On 1 July 2015, Kvarnhammer noted that additional restrictions had been introduced in OS X 10.10.4, adding in a comment two days later that he believed the then-current versions of OS X 10.9 (with Security Update 2015-005) and 10.10 to be safe from the exploit.

In November 2017, a similar vulnerability was revealed which allowed logging in as root with no password.

References

Privilege escalation exploits

Rootpipe


Middle America is a colloquial term for the United States heartland, especially the culturally suburban areas of the United States, typically the Lower Midwestern region of the country, which consists of Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri,
and downstate Illinois.

Middle America is generally used as both a geographic and cultural label, suggesting a central United States small town or suburb that is equidistant from most parts of the country, has a temperate climate, where most people speak with a General American accent, are middle class or upper middle class, Evangelical or Mainline Protestant, and typically European Americans or of German American and general Northern European descent, particularly Anglo-Saxon Protestant, Ulster Scot, or other Germanic descent.

As a geographical label

Geographically, the label Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. The term has been used in some cases to refer to the inland portions of coastal states, especially if they are rural. Alternately, the term is used to describe the central United States.

As a cultural label
Middle America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive, urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".

The plots of such American films as Sweet Home Alabama and The Judge center on the contrast between big city life and that of a typical "Middle America" small town; in both, a protagonist with a successful big city career is drawn back to an old hometown. Similarly, the protagonist of John Grisham's novel  The Associate leaves a well-paid job at a giant Wall Street law firm and goes to work with his lawyer father in his hometown, York, Pennsylvania. The contrast between "Middle America" and big city America is evident in the life of the fictional superhero Superman – growing up as Superboy in the archetypal Smallville and as an adult moving to the equally archetypal Metropolis. The depiction of Ron Kovic's childhood in the early parts of Born on the Fourth of July also fits the cultural perceptions of "Middle America" (though Kovic's hometown, Massapequa, is physically located in Long Island). The same applies to the episode of Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead which is set in Clayton, Ohio and which depicts that town as the archetype of "Middle America", the polar opposite of the cosmopolitan New York City where most of the novel's plot takes place.

Recently, there has been a diversification in the demographics traditionally attributed to Middle America. Individuals and families of various ethnic backgrounds, including Asians and Hispanics, have started to reside in small towns in various interior states, including, but not limited to, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio.

Economy

Historically, the economy of Middle America has been supported by agricultural worker and industry labor. Housing prices tend to be significantly less volatile than those on the coasts, and houses tend to appreciate in value more slowly, the late 2000s mortgage crisis notwithstanding.

Politics
The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics. However, across the United States and more recently in the South, metropolitan areas and major university towns tend to be politically and socially progressive. Examples of such metropolitan areas include Kansas City, Missouri; Columbus, Ohio; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns include Madison, Wisconsin; Champaign, Illinois; Bloomington, Indiana; Carbondale, Illinois; Lawrence, Kansas; Athens, Ohio; and Ann Arbor, Michigan. Reflecting these countervailing trends, many political battleground states are situated in "Middle America."

Despite likely being an apocryphal story, President Lyndon Johnson has been widely attributed as stating "[i]f I've lost Cronkite, I've lost Middle America," after viewing a CBS Evening News report by Walter Cronkite critical of U.S. prospects in the Vietnam War in February 1968. The quote is often cited in relation to Johnson's subsequent change of heart a month later in declining to seek re-election in 1968.

See also
 Americas (terminology)
 Deep England
 Flyover country
 Heartland (United States)
 The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America
 Heartland rock
 Middle Australia
 Middle England
 Red states and blue states

References

Regions of the United States
Society of the United States

Middle America (United States)


A sequel is a type of new creation, like a movie, book, video game, or song, that follows or expands on a story from an earlier work. It is made because people liked the original and want more of it. Sequels let people see their favorite characters and settings again while adding new things to the story to make it interesting.

Types of sequels
Sequels can be different depending on the medium and the original work. In movies, sequels can continue the same story, go back in time, or focus on different parts of the original. In books, sequels can start where the last book ended or tell what happened before. Some sequels are spin-offs, which means they focus on other characters or explore different parts of the original world.

Purpose and significance
Sequels are made to give fans what they want. They let people explore more of the world, learn more about the characters, and discover new ideas. Sequels are important because they build on the success of the original and keep the story going.

Audience reception
People have different opinions about sequels. Some sequels become very popular, while others don't live up to the original. People are excited to see sequels, but they also want them to be as good as the original. The success of a sequel depends on things like how well the story is told and how the characters develop.

Impact on pop culture
Sequels have had a big impact on popular culture. They have changed the way stories are continued and expanded in movies, books, and other forms of entertainment. Sequels create excitement and make fans want to talk about the story and buy related things. They also help create bigger worlds and universes.

Literary terms
Movie industry

Sequel


Sir Dorabji Tata (27 August 1859 – 3 June 1932) was an Indian industrialist of the British Raj, and a key figure in the history and development of the Tata Group. He was knighted in 1910 for his contributions to industry in British India.

Early life and education

Dorab was the elder son of Hirabai and Parsi Zoroastrian Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. Through an aunt, Jerbai Tata, who married a Bombay merchant, Dorabji Saklatvala, he was a cousin of Shapurji Saklatvala who later became a Communist member of the British Parliament.

Tata received his primary education at the Proprietary High School in Bombay (now Mumbai) before travelling to England in 1875, where he was privately tutored. He entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1877, where he remained for two years before returning to Bombay in 1879. He continued his studies at St. Xavier's College, Bombay, where he obtained a degree in 1882.

Upon graduating, Dorab worked for two years as a journalist at the Bombay Gazette. In 1884, he joined the cotton business division of his father's firm. He was first sent to Pondicherry, then a French colony, to determine whether a cotton mill might be profitable there. Thereafter, he was sent to Nagpur, to learn the cotton trade at the Empress Mills which had been founded by his father in 1877.

Marriage

Dorabji's father, Jamshetji, had visited Mysore State in south India on business, and had met Dr. Hormusji Bhabha, a Parsi and the first Indian Inspector-General of Education of that state. While visiting the Bhabha home, he had met and approved of young Meherbai, Bhabha's only daughter. Returning to Bombay, Jamshetji sent Dorab to Mysore State, specifically to call on the Bhabha family. Dorab did so, and duly married Meherbai in 1897. The couple had no children.

Meherbai's brother, Jehangir Bhabha, became a reputed lawyer. He was the father of scientist Homi J. Bhabha. Thus Dorabji was Homi Bhabha's uncle by marriage. The Tata Group funded Bhabha's research and his research institutions, including the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

Industrialist career
Dorabji was intimately involved in the fulfilment of his father's ideas of a modern iron and steel industry, and agreed to the necessity for hydroelectric electricity to power the industry. Dorab is credited with the establishment of the  Tata Steel conglomerate in 1907,  which his father founded and Tata Power in 1911, which are the core of the present-day Tata Group.

Dorabji accompanied the mineralogists searching for iron fields. It is said that his presence encouraged researchers to search areas that would otherwise have been neglected. Under Dorabji's management, the business that had once included three cotton mills and the Taj Hotel Bombay grew to include India's largest private sector steel company, three electric companies and one of India's leading insurance companies.

Founder of New India Assurance Co Ltd. in 1919, the largest General Insurance company in India, Dorabji Tata was knighted in January 1910 by Edward VII, becoming Sir Dorabji Tata.

Non-business interest
Dorabji was extremely fond of sports, and was a pioneer in the Indian Olympic movement. As president of the Indian Olympic Association, he financed the Indian contingent to the Paris Olympics in 1924.  The Tata family, like most of India's big businessmen, were Indian nationalists.

Tata was a member of the International Olympic Committee during most of the years between World War I and World War II.

Death

Meherbai Tata died of leukaemia in 1931 at the age of 52. Shortly after her death, Dorabji established the Lady Tata Memorial Trust to advance study of diseases of the blood.

On 11 March 1932, one year after Meherbai's death and shortly before his own, he established a trust fund which was to be used "without any distinction of place, nationality or creed", for the advancement of learning and research, disaster relief, and other philanthropic purposes. That trust is today known as the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust. Dorabji additionally provided the seed money to fund the setting up of India's premier scientific and engineering research institution, the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

Dorabji died in Bad Kissingen, Germany, on 3 June 1932, at the age of 73. He is buried alongside his wife Meherbai in Brookwood Cemetery, Woking, England. They had no children.

References

Further reading
 Choksi, R. "Tata, Sir Dorabji Jamshed (1859–1932)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) accessed 28 Jan 2012, a brief scholarly biography.
 Nomura, Chikayoshi. "Selling steel in the 1920s: TISCO in a period of transition," Indian Economic & Social History Review (January/March 2011) 48: pp 83–116, .

External links
 Biography at the Dorabji Tata Trust
 Biography at Tata Central Archives
 Tata family tree

1859 births
1932 deaths
Dorabji
Parsi people from Mumbai
Businesspeople from Mumbai
Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Knights Bachelor
Indian Knights Bachelor
Indian industrialists
Indian businesspeople in mining
Indian businesspeople in coal
Businesspeople in steel
Indian philanthropists
Founders of Indian schools and colleges
Indian businesspeople in insurance
Indian businesspeople in textiles
Tata Group people
Indian emigrants to Germany
Indian International Olympic Committee members
Parsi people
Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Indian sports executives and administrators
Businesspeople from British India
People from Bombay Presidency

Dorabji Tata


In computer engineering, register renaming refers to a technique used to avoid unnecessary serialized execution of program instructions because of the reuse of the same registers by those instructions.

Problem definition
Programs are composed of instructions which operate on values.  The instructions must name these values in order to distinguish them from one another.  A typical instruction might say, add X and Y and put the result in Z.  In this instruction, X, Y, and Z are the names of storage locations.

In order to have a compact instruction encoding, most processor instruction sets have a small set of special locations which can be directly named. For example, the x86 instruction set architecture has 8 integer registers, x86-64 has 16, many RISCs have 32, and IA-64 has 128.  In smaller processors, the names of these locations correspond directly to elements of a register file.

Different instructions may take different amounts of time (e.g., CISC architecture). For instance, a processor may be able to execute hundreds of instructions while a single load from main memory instruction is in progress. Shorter instructions executed while the load is outstanding will finish first, thus the instructions are finishing out of the original program order. Out-of-order execution has been used in most recent high-performance CPUs to achieve some of their speed gains.

Consider this sequance of instructions running on an out-of-order CPU:

1.LOAD R1, LOC MEM[1024]
2.R1 = R1 + 2
3.STORE R1, LOC MEM[1024+8]
4.LOAD R1, LOC MEM[2048]
5.R1 = R1 + 4
6.STORE R1, LOC MEM[2048+8]

Instructions 4, 5, and 6 are independent of instructions 1, 2, and 3, but the processor cannot finish 4 until 3 is done, because 3 would then write the wrong value.

How to remove restrictions
We can remove this restriction by changing the names of some of the registers, so that the program can be executed faster.

When possible, compilers do this renaming. But compilers are limited by the number of register inside the Central processing unit. Many high performance CPUs have more physical registers than may be named directly in the instruction set and they can rename registers in hardware to achieve better instruction level

Anything that is read and written can be renamed. While the general-purpose and floating-point registers are the most, flag and status registers or even individual status bits are commonly renamed as well.

Memory locations can also be renamed, although it is not commonly done to the level used in register renaming.

Hazards Problem
When more than one instruction references a particular location for an operand, either reading it (as an input) or writing it (as an output), executing those instructions in an order different from the original program order can cause to three kinds of problems, also known as hazards:

Read-after-write (RAW)
A read from a register or memory location must return the value placed there by the last write in program order, not some other write.  This is referred to as a true dependency or flow dependency, and requires the instructions to execute in program order.

Write-after-write (WAW)
Successive writes to a particular register or memory location must leave that location containing the result of the second write.  This can be resolved by squashing (synonyms: cancelling, annulling, mooting) the first write if necessary. WAW dependencies are also known as output dependencies.

Write-after-read (WAR)
A read from a register or memory location must return the last prior value written to that location, and not one written programmatically after the read.  This is the sort of false dependency that can be resolved by renaming. WAR dependencies are also known as anti-dependencies.

Instead of delaying the write until all reads are completed, two copies of the location can be maintained, the old value and the new value.  Reads that precede, in program order, the write of the new value can be provided with the old value, even while other reads that follow the write are provided with the new value.  The false dependency is broken and additional opportunities for out-of-order execution are created.  When all reads needing the old value have been satisfied, it can be discarded.  This is the essential concept behind register renaming.

Related pages
 Parallel computing
 Instruction level parallelism

References

"Implementing Precise Exceptions in Pipelined Processors" , J.E. Smith and A.R. Pleszkun, 1985

Microprocessor design

Register renaming


Bartolomé de Las Casas (1484 – 1566), known as the Apostle of the Indies, was a 16th century Spanish priest and writer, and the first Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico. Las Casas was the Dominican priest who condemned the treatment of Indians in the Spanish empire. His widely disseminated 'History of the Indies' helped to establish the Black Legend of Spanish cruelty.

Biography
Bartolome de Las Casas was born in Seville, Spain in  1484. He was there when Christopher Columbus went to Seville in 1493 after Columbus' first trip to the Americas. His father, Pedro de las Casas, and his uncle went to the Americas in the second voyage of Columbus that left in November 1493.

With his father, he went to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in 1502 together with Nicolás de Ovando, the new governor of the island. In 1506 he went to Rome, Italy, where he became a Catholic priest.

He went back to Hispaniola in 1508 and moved to Concepción de la Vega, in the Cibao valley, and got an encomienda (land with the indigenous people living there). Then he went in 1513 to Cuba and the governor Diego Velázquez gave him an "encomienda". But soon Las Casas began to understand that the native people (Taínos in Cuba and Hispaniola) were treated as slaves in a very bad way, and he began to defend the native people.

Las Casas became the first official priest in the New World in 1512.

In 1515 he went to Hispaniola, and from there to Spain to defend the native people of the Americas. From 1517 to 1523, and with the title Protector of the Indians, he tried to develop a model settlement in northern Venezuela to protect the native people but the experiment failed. From there, he went to Hispaniola, joining the Dominican Order (an order of Catholic priests) in 1523.

He stayed in the city of Santo Domingo until 1527 when he was sent to Puerto Plata, on the northern coast, to found a new religious community and where he began to write his History of the Indies.

He became Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, from 1544 to 1547. He wrote a book about the abuse of Indians called A short account of the destruction of the Indies. The book was finished in 1542 but it was not released as a book until 1552. It is his most famous book. He went to Spain and he stayed here until he died in 17 July 1566 in Madrid.

Works
Some of his more important written works are:
 Historia de las Indias ("History of the Indies")
 De Unico Vocationis Modo Omnium Infidelium ad Veram Religionem, known in Spanish as Del único modo de atraer a todos los pueblos a la verdadera religión, 1530
 Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias ("A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies"), 1552
 Apologética historia sumaria ("Apologetic History")
 De thesauris

Further reading
 Bartolomé de las Casas, Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Paperback).  Translated by Nigel Griffin.  Penguin Classics; 1st ed edition (September 8, 1999)
 Bartolomé de las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies, a Brief Account.  Translated by Herma Briffault.  Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1974.

References

Other websites

 A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, at Project Gutenberg
 Website dedicated to Las Casas

Spanish Roman Catholics
1484 births
1566 deaths
Spanish writers
Mexican Roman Catholic bishops
People from Chiapas

Bartolomé de Las Casas


Springhill is a 17th-century plantation house in the townland of Ballindrum near Moneymore, County Londonderry in Northern Ireland.  It has been the property of the National Trust since 1957 and, in addition to the house, gardens and park, there is a costume collection and a purported ghost.
It is open from March to June, and September on weekends, and is open to the public seven days a week during July and August.

Features
This 17th-century unfortified house was built about 1680-1695 and was originally surrounded by a defensive bawn. Around 1765 two single-storey wings were added and the entrance front was modified to its present arrangement of seven windows across its width.

History

The Conyngham family
The Conyngham family had come from Ayrshire in Scotland in about 1609, possibly from Glengarnock and the first of the family in Ulster was said to have been one of the family of the Earls of Glencairn. Alexander Conyngham, Dean of Raphoe, ancestor of the later Marquesses Conyngham, was probably a near relative - his son Sir Albert Conyngham's portrait is at Springhill and not Slane Castle. They were granted lands under James I's Plantation of Ulster in County Armagh and County Londonderry. The early history of the family is something of a mystery. Mina Lenox-Conynham asserted that a document previously held in the Public Records Office in Dublin asserted that the lands at Ballindrum (later Springhill) were in Conyngham hands as early as 1609, but she believed this record to have been destroyed during the Battle of Dublin and the shelling of the Four Courts  It is believed that some form of farm dwelling was constructed on the estate in the second quarter of the seventeenth century (probably on the site of the present carpark) but this was destroyed during the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

William Conyngham I
William Conyngham I (referred to in family documents as "the elder") was a colonel in the Irish rebellion of 1641 and one of Cromwell's Commissioners for County Armagh and held land at Drumcrow in the County and property in the town of Armagh itself. He was granted new title deeds by Cromwell in 1652, 'the old ones having been destroyed in the recent wars'. He died in 1666, when High Sheriff of County Londonderry. In 1676 his widow lived in a house on the north side of Armagh with a garden and a little parke called Garreturne.

William Conyngham II
Marriage articles between William Conyngham II (known to the family as "Good Will") and Ann Upton of Castle Upton near Templepatrick executed 1680 stated that he was required "to build a convenient house of lime and stone, two stories high ... with necessary office houses" for his wife-to-be. It is widely believed that the present house owes its origin to this document though dendrochronological examination of the roof timbers on the central part of the house date the beams to after 1690. At this time, many of the surviving outbuildings along with the rare Dutch styled gardens were created.

George Butle Conyngham
From William Conyngham II, the estate passed to George Butle in 1721. George was the son of William Conyngham II's sister Anne, who had married David Butle. George thereupon adopted the name Butle-Conyngham. Under the terms of the Plantation Grant, he reconstructed the village of Coagh in about 1755, naming the main square Hanover Square in deference to King George II.

Col. William Conyngham
From George Butle Conyngham, the estate passed to his eldest son, Col. William Conyngham of the 7th Dragoon Guards (known as the "Black Horse" regiment) in 1765.  Col William added the two wings to either side of the house as a nursery and ballroom respectively.

George Lenox-Conyngham
Col. William Conyngham died without issue in 1784. The estate passed to his brother David Conyngham who also died childless four years later. As a result, the estate then passed to the son of their sister Ann who had married Clotworthy Lenox of Derry, grandson of James Lenox, Alderman of Derry (Mayor of Derry 1693 and 1697), remembered as one of the leaders of the Siege of Derry and the city's Member of Parliament 1703–1713.  Col. George Lenox, upon inheriting the estate, adopted the name Lenox-Conyngham and his descendants lived in the house until 1961. George served under Castlereagh in the Irish Volunteers but, after being betrayed by Castlereagh, resigned his commission in disgrace in 1816. As a result of this, combined with his depressive nature, he committed suicide later that year. His 2nd wife Olivia (4th daughter of William Irvine of Castle Irvine, County Fermanagh) is said to haunt the house to this day and is reputed to be the best documented ghost in Ireland. George Lenox-Conyngham married as his first wife Jane Hamilton of Castlefin, by whom he had a son and heir William Lenox-Conyngham. Jane's mother was Jean Hamilton, daughter of John Hamilton of Brown Hall County Donegal; Jean married John Hamilton of Castlefin County Donegal, and after his death married George Lenox-Conyngham's uncle William Conyngham.

William Lenox-Conyngham, and the Lissan House connection
From George, the house passed to his eldest son William Lenox-Conyngham in 1816. He had been a talented lawyer in Glasgow but left his legal career to run the estate. In 1818 he married Charlotte Staples, daughter of the Rt. Hon. John Staples of Lissan House near Cookstown. John Staples was a respected lawyer and member of the Irish House of Commons. Staples first wife was Harriet Conolly of Castletown House in County Kildare. The descendants of their eldest daughter Louisa Anne inherited Castletown Houseafter the death of Lady Louisa Conolly in 1821. His second wife was the Hon. Henrietta Molesworth, daughter of Field Marshal Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth. Their son Thomas Staples became the 9th Baronet Lissan.

During William Lenox-Conyngham's tenure, the estate was drained and improved and a large well-appointed dining room was added to the rear of the house, complete with a 17th-century Italian chimneypiece salvaged from Frederick Augustus Hervey's (the Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry) Ballyscullion House near Bellaghy which was demolished in about 1825.

Sir William Fitzwilliam Lenox-Conyngham
When William Lenox-Conyngham died in 1858, the estate passed to his eldest son Lt. Col. Sir William Fitzwilliam Lenox-Conyngham who had married Laura Arbuthnot, daughter of George Arbuthnot of Elderslie (Founder of the Indian Bank, Arbuthnot & Co) in 1856. Her father's elder brother was Sir William Arbuthnot 1st Baronet, Lord Provost of Edinburgh and Lord Lieutenant of Edinburgh. Sir William Lenox-Conyngham was highly involved in military matters and was knighted (KCB) by Queen Victoria in 1881. During his tenure, the estate was largely sold off under the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act 1885 and the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 and was reduced to around three hundred acres.  Finances became a grave concern for the family. Sir William was the last Agent of The Drapers' Company, overseeing their remaining estate in Northern Ireland, which had been extensive and included Draperstown and Moneymore.

Decline of the Estate
By the time of Sir William's death in 1906, there was little left of the estate and as a result of some unwise investments, his son Lt. Col. William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham found financial matters very trying. In 1899 he married Mina Lowry of Rockdale near Cookstown in County Tyrone. She was the last member of the family to live on the estate and she continued to do so even after the death of her son and the National Trust taking over in 1957 until her own death in 1961. Col. William Arbuthnot fought in both the Boer and Great Wars and his younger brother Lt. Col. John Staples Molesworth Lenox-Conyngham was killed in action at Guillemont during the battle of the Somme, on 3 September 1916, personally leading the 6th Battalion Connaught Rangers over the top and into the attack armed only with an ancient revolver. He is buried at Carnoy in France. The two wooden crosses that marked his grave were returned to Ireland and now lie inside St Patrick's Cathedral Armagh, next to his memorial.

National Trust
William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham died in 1938 and the estate passed to his elder son Capt. William Lowry Lenox-Conyngham who led the local Home Guard during the Second World War as a result of being invalided out of the National Defence Corps in 1940. Realising that the finances of the family were now in terminal decline and recognising that neither he nor his brother had any children to carry on the direct line, William Lowry entered into negotiations with the National Trust in 1956 with a view to handing over the house. This had followed a chance meeting with Nancy, Countess of Enniskillen who had presented Florence Court in County Fermanagh to the Trust the previous year. In the event, he signed his will bequeathing the house and estate to the National Trust only three days before his death in 1957.

William's uncle George Hugh Lenox-Conyngham married Barbara Josephine née Turton whose mother Lady Cecilia was the daughter of Joseph Leeson, 4th Earl of Milltown of Russborough County Wicklow. They had two sons Denis Hugh and Alwyn Douglas and two daughters Cecilia Laura and Eileen Mary, born in Edinburgh. Their father had, like previous members of the family, been educated in Edinburgh, in George's case at Fettes College where he was the first former pupil to return as a school master. After being Housemaster of Kimmerghame House, he became a priest. His first living was at Denver in Norfolk, then he was appointed Rector of Lavenham, a living that was held by his old Cambridge College Gonville & Caius. Eileen, Denis, their mother Barbara and aunt Alice Lenox-Conyngham travelled on the Titanic.

Following the death of William Lowry in 1957, the head of the family became Captain Alwyn Douglas Lenox-Conyngham RN, his elder brother Denis having died in China in 1928, whilst serving with his regiment The Cameronians. His eldest son Charles Denis Lenox-Conyngham, former Managing Director of Blue Funnel Line and Chairman of Sealink is the current head of the family.

Restoration
Upon adopting the property, the National Trust undertook a large-scale programme of restoration and re-construction adopting the orthodoxy of 1950s conservation practice which saw the Victorian smoking room demolished, large portions of the house stripped back to stone and all the rooms re-arranged to reflect their appearance when first constructed.

Present day
The house today contains a vitally important and almost complete collection of one family's occupation for three hundred years.  In the Gun Room can be found one of the largest surviving 18th century wallpaper schemes surviving in the UK (Chinese wallpaper from the 1720s), along with a "long gun" dating to about 1680 which was presented to Alderman James Lenox after the Siege of Derry. Present is a six-inches-long muzzle-loader and two late 18th-Century blunder busses. The Library contains one of the most important collections of 17th and 18th century books in Ireland and is composed of around 3000 volumes, the oldest of which is a small Latin psalter of 1541.

In the old laundry can be found the largest costume collection in Northern Ireland (established by Viscount Clanwilliam in 1960) and a selection from the collection is displayed annually in the costume museum.

The bedroom contains an intriguing medicine chest, once owned by the 3rd Viscount Molesworth.

Springhill was used for the location of the three-part adaptation of Eugene McCabe's modern Irish classic, Death and Nightingales, first broadcast in November 2018, featuring as the home of landowner Billy Winters.

Wellbrook Beetling Mill
The National Trust owned Beetling Mill is a sister property of Springhill.

References

External links
National Trust – Springhill
Virtual tour of Springhill House – Virtual Visit Northern Ireland
Public Record Office of Northern Ireland – Lenox-Conyngham Papers
The Ghost Club – Autumn 2002

Springhill's Own Titanic Story

Book
 Mina Lenox-Conyngham, An Old Ulster House; Springhill and the people who lived in it 1946 and 2005

National Trust properties in Northern Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Londonderry
Historic house museums in Northern Ireland
Grade A listed buildings
Museums in County Londonderry
Fashion museums in the United Kingdom
Country houses in Northern Ireland
Reportedly haunted locations in Northern Ireland
1680 establishments in the British Empire
Lenox-Conyngham family

Springhill House


A life-size bronze statue of Jan Smuts by the British artist Jacob Epstein stands on the north side of Parliament Square in London, United Kingdom, between a statue of Lord Palmerston and a statue of David Lloyd George.

Description
The statue depicts him in his military uniform as a field marshal, leaning forward with his left leg advanced, as if walking forward. The statue stands on a pedestal of granite from South Africa, which bears the inscription JAN/ CHRISTIAN/ SMUTS/ 1870–1950.

History
After Winston Churchill won the general election in October 1951, he proposed erecting a statue in Parliament Square as a memorial to Smuts, who had died in September 1950. Churchill retired as prime minister in 1955, and was too ill to perform the unveiling in November 1956; it was unveiled instead by the Speaker of the House of Commons, William Morrison. The statue became a Grade II listed building in 1970.

See also
 List of sculptures by Jacob Epstein

References

External links

 Jan Christian Smuts – Parliament Square, London, UK at Waymarking
 Statue of Field Marshal Jan Smuts, National Heritage List for England Historic England
 Smuts statue, londonremembers.com
 Parliament Square Garden, london.gov.uk
 The Statues of Parliament Square, Bowl Of Chalk – London Walking Tours, 12 November 2013
 Parliament Square statues, Bob Speel
 Smuts Statue Unveiled 1956, Pathé

Bronze sculptures in the City of Westminster
Smuts, Jan
Jan Smuts
Monuments and memorials in London
Outdoor sculptures in London
Parliament Square
Sculptures by Jacob Epstein
Smuts, Jan

Statue of Jan Smuts, Parliament Square


Ace of Swords is a card used in Latin suited playing cards (Italian, Spanish and tarot decks). It is the ace from the suit of swords. The card consists of a sword overtopped by a crown, which depending on the side, a olive and a palm branch are present. These symbols represent mercy and severity.

References

Suit of Swords

Ace of Swords