David J. Remnick (born October 29, 1958) is an American journalist, writer, and editor. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1994 for his book Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire, and is also the author of Resurrection and King of the World: Muhammad Ali and the Rise of an American Hero. Remnick has been editor of The New Yorker magazine since 1998. He was named "Editor of the Year" by Advertising Age in 2000. Before joining The New Yorker, Remnick was a reporter and the Moscow correspondent for The Washington Post. He also has served on the New York Public Library board of trustees and is a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 2010, he published his sixth book, The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama.

Background
Remnick was born to a Jewish family in Hackensack, New Jersey, the son of Barbara (Seigel), an art teacher, and Edward C. Remnick, a dentist. He was raised in Hillsdale, New Jersey, in a Jewish home with, he has said, "a lot of books around." He attended Yavneh Academy in Paramus. Remnick was also a childhood friend of comedian Bill Maher. He attended Pascack Valley High School in Hillsdale. At Pascack Valley High School he studied Russian and was thereby inspired to also study the politics and culture of the USSR.

He was graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University in 1981 with an A.B. in comparative literature; there he met writer John McPhee, was a member of the University Press Club, and helped found The Nassau Weekly. Remnick completed a 122-page-long senior thesis titled "The Sympathetic Thread: 'Leaves of Grass' 1855-1865." Remnick has implied that after college he wanted to write novels, but due to the illnesses of his parents, he needed to get a job. Wanting to be a writer, he took a job at The Washington Post.

Career

The Washington Post

Remnick began his reporting career at The Washington Post in 1982 shortly after his graduation from Princeton. His first assignment was to cover the United States Football League. After six years, in 1988 he became the newspaper's Moscow correspondent, which provided him with the material for Lenin's Tomb. He also received the George Polk Award for excellence in journalism in 1993.

The New Yorker

Remnick became a staff writer at The New Yorker in September 1992, after ten years at The Washington Post.

Remnick's 1997 New Yorker article "Kid Dynamite Blows Up", about boxer Mike Tyson, was nominated for a National Magazine Award. In July 1998, he became editor, succeeding Tina Brown. Remnick promoted Hendrik Hertzberg, a former Jimmy Carter speechwriter and former editor of The New Republic, to write the lead pieces in "Talk of the Town", the magazine's opening section. In 2005, Remnick earned $1 million for his work as the magazine's editor.

In 2003, Remnick penned an editorial in The New Yorker in the lead-up to the Iraq War saying "the United States has been wrong, politically and morally, about Iraq more than once in the past... but... a return to a hollow pursuit of containment will be the most dangerous option of all." In the months leading up to the war, the magazine also published several articles connecting Saddam Hussein to al-Qaida, often relying on unnamed sources, or simply the claims of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, as evidence. The magazine received some criticism for their journalism during this period. The claims that Hussein and al-Qaida had a close operational relationship were false, as confirmed by numerous sources including a U.S military study in 2008.

In 2004, for the first time in its 80-year history, The New Yorker endorsed a presidential candidate, John Kerry.

In May 2009, Remnick was the subject of an extended Twitter thread by former New Yorker staff writer Dan Baum, whose contract with the magazine was not renewed by Remnick. The tweets, written over the course of a week, described the difficult relationship between Baum and Remnick, his editor.

Remnick's biography of President Barack Obama, The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama, was released on April 6, 2010. It features hundreds of interviews with friends, colleagues, and other witnesses to Obama's rise to the presidency of the United States.

In 2010, Remnick lent his support to the campaign urging the release of Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, the Iranian woman sentenced to death by stoning after being convicted of adultery and ordering the murder of her husband by her lover.

Remnick provided guest commentary and contributed to NBC coverage of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi Russia, including the opening ceremony and commentary for NBC News.

Remnick is also the host of The New Yorker Radio Hour, produced by WNYC and The New Yorker.

In May 2014, Remnick served as the commencement speaker at the 160th commencement of Syracuse University.

Personal life

In 1987, Remnick married reporter Esther Fein in a Jewish ceremony at the Lincoln Square Synagogue in Manhattan. Fein has worked as a reporter for The New York Times and The Washington Post. The couple has three children, Alex, Noah, and Natasha. Remnick is fluent in Russian.

Works

See also
 New Yorkers in journalism

References

External links
 David Remnick at The New Yorker

 Interview list

 Interview in British magazine New Statesman
 "Big Think Interview with David Remnick". Transcript and audio-video recording (36:23) with index. Big Think. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
 Interview in Spanish magazine Jot down, August 2013
 Covering Trump: what happens when journalism, politics, and fake news collide, a discussion during a live chat at the Columbia Journalism Review with the Guardian and Reuters discussing the dangers of normalizing a Donald Trump presidency, March 2017

1958 births
Living people
American male journalists
American magazine editors
Jewish American writers
Writers from Hackensack, New Jersey
Pascack Valley High School alumni
People from Hillsdale, New Jersey
Princeton University alumni
Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction winners
The New Yorker people
The New Yorker editors
The New Yorker staff writers
The Washington Post people
Writers about the Soviet Union
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
CNN people
21st-century American male writers
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

David Remnick


George Benjamin Arnold (1832–1902) was English organist and musical composer.

Biography
Arnold was born on 22 December 1832 at Petworth, Sussex, the son of George Frederick Arnold, organist of the parish church there, and his wife Mary. He was articled to George William Chard, the organist of Winchester Cathedral, in 1849, and on Chard's death the articles were transferred to his successor, Samuel Sebastian Wesley. Arnold was organist successively at St. Columba's College, Rathfarnham, near Dublin (1852), St. Mary's Church, Torquay (1856), and New College, Oxford (1860–69).

Arnold graduated Mus. Bac. at Oxford in 1853 and Mus. Doc. in 1860. In 1865 he succeeded Wesley at Winchester Cathedral, retaining the post for the rest of his life. He was a fellow of the College of Organists, acting as an examiner for that body. He died at Winchester on 31 January 1902, and was buried there. He married on 6 June 1867 Mary Lucy Roberts, who survived him with three sons and a daughter. An alabaster tablet to his memory, with a quotation from one of his works, was placed in the north transept of the cathedral in 1904.

Arnold, whose sympathies were with Bach and his school, was a composer, chiefly of church music. His published compositions include a national song, Old England (1854); an oratorio, Ahab, produced by the National Choral Society at Exeter Hall (1864); Sennacherib, a sacred cantata, produced at the Gloucester Festival of 1883; The Song of the Redeemed, written for and produced at St. James's Church, New York (1891); An orchestral introduction and chorus in praise of King Alfred, performed at the inauguration of the Alfred Memorial at Winchester in 1901, besides two motets, two psalms, anthems, part songs, and two sonatas.

References

Attribution

1832 births
1902 deaths
English organists
British male organists
English classical composers
People from Petworth
English male classical composers
19th-century classical composers
19th-century English musicians
19th-century British composers
19th-century British male musicians
19th-century organists

George Benjamin Arnold


Kotsifali () is a red Greek wine grape that
is indigenous to the island of Crete. It is mainly grown in the Heraklion regional unit and sporadically on the Cyclades. The grape alone gives moderately red wine with high alcohol content and rich flavor. It is often blended with Mandilaria, yielding a
ruby-colored dry wine with pleasant taste and aroma that requires minimal aging.

References

Red wine grape varieties
Grape varieties of Greece
Crete

Kotsifali


Naomi Replansky (May 23, 1918 – January 7, 2023) was an American poet and translator. The New York Times described her poetry as investigating "social history through individual lives". While her writing initially received little critical attention, she gradually developed a following which grew throughout her life. Collections of her work include Ring Song (1952), The Dangerous World: New and Selected Poems, 1934-1994 (1994), and Collected Poems (2012). Replansky also translated German and Yiddish works into English.

Background
Replansky was born to a family of Russian Jewish immigrants in the Bronx, the daughter of Fannie (Ginsberg) and Sol Replansky, and graduated from James Monroe High School. She enrolled at Hunter College but did not graduate, instead dropping out to look for work. In the 1950s, she attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where she earned a bachelor's degree in geography. Replansky lived in Los Angeles and San Francisco for much of her adult life. Attempts to move to Paris in the 1950s were unsuccessful, as her passport was revoked during that time, apparently in reaction to her left-wing political beliefs.

Work
Replansky spent many years earning a living outside of poetry, working a number of service and technical jobs throughout her life. However, she later became an instructor of poetry at Pitzer College, and also taught the subject at the Henry Street Settlement. Her Collected Poems won the Poetry Society of America's 2013 William Carlos Williams Award and was a finalist for the 2014 Poets' Prize.  Replansky's poems have appeared in many literary journals and anthologies, such as No More Masks!, Blood to Remember: American Poets on the Holocaust, Inventions of Farewell: A Book of Elegies, and Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era. Her four books of poetry are:

 Ring Song (Scribners 1952)
 Twenty-One Poems, Old and New (Gingko Press 1988)
 The Dangerous World: New and Selected Poems, 1934-1994 (Another Chicago Press 1994)
 Collected Poems (Black Sparrow Press/Godine 2012)

"My chief poetic influences," Replansky stated, "have been William Blake, folk songs, Shakespeare, George Herbert, Emily Dickinson and Japanese poetry."

Ring Song, containing poems written from 1936 to 1952, was a finalist for the 1953 National Book Award. Of the following hiatus in publication, she says, "I write slowly." The chapbook Twenty-One Poems contains versions of work contained in the other two collections. The Dangerous World contains forty-two new poems as well as twenty-five revised poems from Ring Song. The meticulousness of her work indicates a painstaking mind and an unusual degree of perfectionism in the craftsmanship of her poems. Though often small in scale, they are giant in meaning. Her Collected Poems include many unpublished works.

Reception
Margalit Fox of The New York Times described Replansky's poetry as "keenly celebrated yet curiously unheralded" for decades, suggesting that her spare style and reliance on rhyme was unfashionable to many poets and critics during the mid-20th century. However, as the years progressed, her writing was praised by David Ignatow, Marie Ponsot, Grace Paley, and Ursula K. Le Guin. George Oppen wrote of her in 1981: "Naomi Replansky must be counted among the most brilliant American poets. That she has not received adequate praise is one of the major mysteries of the world of poetry." Booklist said of The Dangerous World, "with timeless grace, she sets each poem simmering with powerful phrasing and universal experience.... Replansky brings us ageless work in a collection that should not be missed."

Replansky's work was the subject of a lengthy article in the Los Angeles Review of Books, which cites United States Poet Laureate Philip Levine, "who once characterized Replansky as 'an intensely political poet, appalled by the cruelty, greed, and corruption of the masters of nations and corporations, appalled and enraged.' Nevertheless, she mostly eschews the role of protest poet, opting instead to dramatize the intense vulnerability of individual human subjects in a verse style that is both delicate and tough-minded.... One lives with Replansky's poems instead of simply reading or hearing them, because they speak, with intensity and concision, to essential human concerns: the longing to belong and the concomitant ache of exclusion; rage against injustice; awareness of one's own vulnerabilities, particularly those that come with aging; and the profound joy at experiencing true fellowship with others or communion with oneself." "

She was also known for her translations from Yiddish and from the German of Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Bertolt Brecht;  Brecht's "Der Sumpf," set by composer Hanns Eisler as one of five "Hollywood Elegies," was long known only in her version ("The Swamp") until the original resurfaced among Peter Lorre's papers and was published in the 1997 Frankfurt edition. Her translation of Brecht's play, "St. Joan of the Stockyards" was performed off-Broadway by the Encounter Theater Company.

A documentary film Naomi Replansky at 100 by Megan Rossman, won several honors. An oil on linen portrait of Replansky by the artist Joseph Solman is in the permanent collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

Personal life
Replansky turned 100 in May 2018 and lived another four years, giving her last public reading on December 10, 2022, less than a month before her death. In her later years, she lived on the Upper West Side of Manhattan with her Vienna-born wife, Eva Kollisch, an author and professor of comparative literature and women's studies at Sarah Lawrence College. Kollisch was rescued from the Nazis on a 1939 Kindertransport to the United Kingdom, eventually arriving in the United States in 1940.

Together since the 1980s, Replansky and Kollisch married in 2009. Replansky died at home on January 7, 2023, at the age of 104. Kollisch died in October of that year.

References

Further reading
 ″Auguries of Experience: The Poetry of Naomi Replansky,″ review article by Eric Gudas. Los Angeles Review of Books, September 8, 2016.
 "Justice, Poverty and Gender: Social Themes in the Poetry of Naomi Replansky," thesis by Ashley Ray, CUNY 1996.
 Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era, edited by Estelle Gershgoren Novak.  University of New Mexico Press 2002.
 "A Talk with Naomi Replansky" Edith Chevat and Naomi Replansky, Bridges, Vol. 9, No. 2, (Fall, 2002), pp. 99–103.
 "'These Were Our Times': Red-Baiting, Blacklisting, and the Lost Literature of Dissent in Mid-Twentieth-Century California," doctoral thesis by Jessica Breheny, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2004.

External links

 PennSound: Naomi Replansky Sound recordings on PennSound
 Naomi Replansky Official site includes sample works of Naomi Replansky
 A Reading from Naomi Replansky Naomi Replansky reading podcast
 The Writer's Almanac from American Public Media
 At-Home with Joan: Naomi Replansky
 "11 female voices, from age 13 to 110, on why the vote matters" New York Times, August 8, 2020.

1918 births
2023 deaths
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American translators
21st-century American poets
21st-century American women writers
American centenarians
American LGBT poets
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American women poets
James Monroe High School (New York City) alumni
Jewish American poets
LGBT Jews
Writers from the Upper West Side
Pitzer College faculty
Poets from New York (state)
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Women centenarians
Writers from the Bronx
LGBT people from New York (state)

Naomi Replansky


Clytie May Hine, (later Mundy) (8 May 188727 June 1983) was an Australian-born operatic soprano who became a renowned voice teacher in New York.

Biography
Clytie Hine was an only child, born in Adelaide, South Australia in 1887 to William Henry Hine, a jeweller and Mary McDonald.  At age 16, having studied piano privately since age 7, she commenced studies with Bryceson Treharne at the Elder Conservatorium, University of Adelaide. Her voice studies were under Frederick Bevan. She graduated AMUA in 1908 and the following year travelled to London to study under Medora Henson at the Royal College of Music.  On the strength of her performance in Schumann's Genoveva at the RCM, she made her professional debut as Freia in Wagner's Das Rheingold at Covent Garden in 1911, with the Denhof Opera Company.

She later sang with the Beecham Opera Company in roles such as Nedda, Santuzza, Musetta, Elsa, Desdemona, Sophie, and the Countess in The Marriage of Figaro. In 1915 she was the soprano soloist in Sir Edward Elgar's incidental music for the first production of Algernon Blackwood's The Starlight Express.  During the development of the production, she and the other soloists were regular visitors at Elgar's home.

In 1914 she married John Hine Mundy, a free-lance cellist who worked with the London Symphony Orchestra, Albert Hall Orchestra, Beecham Opera Company and elsewhere. They had two children in London: a daughter, Margaret "Meg" Mundy (born 1915), later an actress and singer, and a son, John Hine Mundy (1917–2004), later a renowned medievalist and Professor Emeritus of History at Columbia University.

In 1921 they left for the United States with their children, settling in New York, and becoming well known for their joint recitals featuring early English music. She also sang in opera in America and beyond while contracted to William Wade Hinshaw, and her husband became principal cellist and orchestra manager for the Metropolitan Opera.  He also collaborated with Edward Eager on composing a musical comedy, The Burglar's Opera, which was also staged under other titles, such as The Liar, The Burglar, The Rascal and The Gay Rascal.

Clytie Mundy retired from performing in the late 1920s, and became a renowned singing teacher. She maintained a private class of twenty-five vocal students, a choral class of about twenty, two vocal quartet parties, and a women's trio. Her notable students included Marge Champion (who was sent to her on Richard Rodgers' recommendation), Alfred Drake, Nanette Fabray, Kathleen Ferrier, Celeste Holm, Peter Pears and David Wayne.

Peter Pears had been studying singing under Therese Behr (the wife of pianist Artur Schnabel), but transferred to Mundy in 1940.  He had almost daily lessons with her, and his partner Benjamin Britten would often also attend, as accompanist. Pears found her "a wonderful woman to work with, very sympathetic and forthright". She became lifelong friends with Pears and Britten. To help secure an American premiere of Britten's opera Peter Grimes in 1946, she hosted three private performances of excerpts at her apartment for Serge Koussevitzky (who had commissioned the opera), Leonard Bernstein, Ralph Hawkes and others.

Pears returned to her for some more lessons in 1948. Britten dedicated his setting of the song "Down by the Salley Gardens" to Clytie Mundy, and his setting of the Scottish lullaby "O can ye sew cushions?" to her daughter Meg. They also named their pet miniature dachsund "Clytie" after her.

Teaching
She taught at the Academy of Vocal Arts in Philadelphia, and was musical adviser to the American Theatre Wing. Actors such as Kirk Douglas and John Forsythe studied speech with her. She retired in the late 1950s; in 1970 the Royal College of Music established an annual scholarship in her name, The Clytie Hine Mundy Recital Prize, which was discontinued after her death.

Personal life
Her husband John Mundy died in 1971. She died on 27 June 1983 in New York, aged 96, survived by her two children and three grandchildren.

Sources
 Hancock, Wayne. Australian Dictionary of Biography: Clytie May Hine; retrieved 27 June 2014

References

1887 births
1983 deaths
Australian operatic sopranos
20th-century Australian women opera singers
Australian music educators
Australian women music educators
Voice teachers
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
University of Adelaide alumni
Academy of Vocal Arts faculty
Musicians from Adelaide
Australian expatriates in the United States
Benjamin Britten

Clytie Hine


The Order of Augustinian Recollects (OAR) is a mendicant Catholic religious order of friars and nuns. It is a reformist offshoot from the Augustinian hermit friars and follows the same Rule of St. Augustine.
They have also been known as the "Discalced Augustinians".

History
The Recollects reflect a reform movement of the Augustinians begun in Spain the 16th-century. Thomas of Andrada was of one of the most illustrious houses of Portugal. He  joined the Order of Saint Augustine at the age of fifteen. His efforts at reform met resistance, but after his death the regulations he had proposed were later adopted by those who formed the discalced branch.

In 1561, Luis de León O.S.A., chair of theology at Salamanca undertook a revision of the constitutions of the order; in 1588 the first Augustinian community of the Spanish Regular Observance was established at Talavera. The reform emphasized fidelity to the Rule of St. Augustine. The reformers placed special emphasis on community prayer and simplicity of life. In 1592, Andrés Díaz introduced the reform congregation to Italy, first in Naples, then in Rome. As more houses were established, the Discalced members came to constitute a separate province of the Augustinian friars.

In 1606 Philip III of Spain sent some Discalced friars to the missions in the Philippines. In 1622 Pope Gregory XV authorized the erection of a separate congregation for the Recollect Augustinians, with its own vicar-general. The first Recollects reached Japan, by way of the Philippines in 1623. In 1626 a house was founded at Prague and in 1631 at Vienna.

In the 1800s, the Order was persecuted by Revolutionary governments in Spain and Colombia.  It however didn't stop the sacking and pillaging of Recollect possessions and the Communists destroyed many other While many Recollect properties were destroyed, a few such as the Monastery of Monteagudo, Navarre were left.

The Recollects were formally recognized as a separate Mendicant Order in 1912, the last to be so designated.

Global presence

As of 2023, the Recollects numbered about 1,240 in eight provinces across nineteen countries; they are strongest in Spain, the Philippines and Colombia. The official languages of the Order are Spanish, English, and Portuguese.

Augustinian Recollects in the Philippines

With their arrival in May 1606 from Spain, the Recollects became one of the most important groups in the history of the evangelization of the Philippines. Many times, the areas given to this Order were the poorest islands in the archipelago, the ones not desired by other orders because of distance from the mainland.

Being a contemplative Order, it was not really their main goal to evangelize the country, but they became more active in the Philippines from 1606 to 1898, and later some missionaries spread the Recollect mission in Central America and in other parts of the world. Most of their houses were just formation centers, but they opened them to the public because the faithful would go and attend Sunday services with the friars.

Their first house was built in Bagumbayan, outside the walls of Manila. Later, they also built a house, San Nicolas de Tolentino Church, within the walls that became their house for the next hundreds of years after the British demolished all structures in Bagumbayan during their occupation of the city in the 1760s. The convent was destroyed during the World War II liberation of Manila.  Instead of rebuilding, the Order moved to its present house, then San Sebastian Church, in Quiapo, Manila.

Their first parish was in Masinloc, Zambales. However, this has already been transferred to the management of the diocese. Other parishes that were given to them early in their ministry in the Philippines were those of Mabalacat in Pampanga, Capas and Bamban in Tarlac province.

The Order also had missions in Palawan, Calamianes and Caraga (in the northeastern part of Mindanao). They laid the foundation for Puerto Princesa City, the capital of Palawan. Mindoro and Bohol became part of their missions as well.

The province that was most heavily influenced by the Order is the island of Negros now divided into two provinces, Occidental and Oriental. Most of the towns in both provinces are named after towns where the missionaries came from in Spain, such as La Carlota, Valencia, and Cádiz. The Recollect friars form a significant segment of the clergy.

Role in Philippine Nationalism

The Recollects had a pivotal role in causing and guiding the Philippine Revolution since when the Jesuits were suppressed (For their anti-colonial tendencies in the Jesuit missions among the Guaraní) they moved to the Jesuits' vacated parishes and gave their former parishes to the Filipino Secular/Diocesan Clergy giving Diocesan Clergy like the famous martyrs Gomburza who were militating under the issue of the Secularization movement in the Philippines, their own parishes, before the return of the Jesuits forced them to retake their parishes from the Diocesan Clergy.

The opposition of the other religious orders against an autonomous diocesan clergy independent of them (With the possible exception of the Recollects and Jesuits) lead to the martyrdom of Filipino Diocesan priests Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora collectively known as Gomburza who were wrongly implicated in the Cavite Mutiny, since the Spanish feared that because a priest, Rev. Fr. Miguel Hidalgo lead the Mexican war of independence against Spain, the same would happen in the Philippines. Furthermore, the Governor General who was a Freemason, Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez upon discovering the Cavite Mutiny was led by fellow Freemasons: Maximo Innocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique Paraiso; the Governor-General as per his Masonic vow to protect fellow brothers of the Craft, shifted the blame to Gomburza since they had inspired ethnic pride among Filipinos due to their campaign for reform. The Governor-General asked the Catholic hierarchy in the person of Archbishop of Manila Gregorio Meliton Martinez to have them declared as heretics and defrocked but he refused as he believed in Gomburza's innocence. As the Imperial government executed Gomburza, churches all across the territory were rung in mourning. This inspired the Jesuit educated and future National Hero Jose Rizal to form the La Liga Filipina, to ask for reforms from Spain and recognition of local clergy.

Rizal was executed and the La Liga Filipina dissolved. As cries for reform were ignored, formerly loyal Filipinos were radicalized and the 1896 Philippine revolution was triggered when the Spanish discovered the anti-colonial secret organisation Katipunan (formed with Masonic rites in mind, and Freemasonry is traditionally Anti-Catholic, yet the Katipunan were dedicated to the martyred priests Gomburza as Gomburza was a password in the Katipunan), the Katipunan waged the revolution leading to the end of Spanish rule. However, there was conflict between Filipino Masons in the Katipunan and American Masons as a result of the Philippine-American War.

Since the creation of the Province of Saint Ezekiél Moreno on November 28, 1998, the Philippine Province was officially separated from the Province of San Nicolas de Tolentino. Now, the Philippine Province supervises not only the different missions in the Philippines but also in Sierra Leone and Taiwan.

OAR learning institutions
The Order administers two universities: the University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos in Bacolod founded in 1941 and University of San Jose - Recoletos in Cebu City founded in 1947. They also administer two colleges - the San Sebastian College - Recoletos in Manila (with extension campus in Canlubang) founded in 1941 and the San Sebastian College - Recoletos de Cavite in Cavite City that was founded in 1966.  They also manage four secondary schools namely Colegio de Santo Tomas-Recoletos in San Carlos City, Colegio San Nicolas de Tolentino - Recoletos in Talisay City both in Negros Occidental; and the Colegio de San Pedro-Recoletos at Brgy. Poblacion and San Pedro Academy at Brgy. Caidiocan in Valencia, Negros Oriental.

In 2023, the University of San Jose- Recoletos unveiled a historical marker given by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), which recognizes the contributions of OAR in the Philippines.

Augustinian Recollects in Taiwan
The Recollect foundation in Taiwan is based at Kaohsiung City. They are supported by Filipino Recollects from the Province of St. Ezekiel Moreno.

Nuns
Alonso de Orozco Mena, court preacher, was instrumental in the founding of the first Recollect convent, that of the Visitation, in Madrid, in 1589. Juan de Ribera, Archbishop of Valencia (d. 1611), founded a second Discalced Augustinian congregation at Alcoy, in 1597. It soon had houses in different parts of Spain, and in 1663 was established at Lisbon by Queen Louise of Portugal. In addition to the Rule of St. Augustine these religious observed the exercises of the Reformed Carmelites of St. Teresa.

In the convent at Cybar, Mariana Manzanedo of St. Joseph instituted a reform which led to the establishment of a third group, that of the female Augustinian Recollects. The statutes, drawn up by Father Antinólez, and later confirmed by Paul V, bound the sisters to the strictest interpretation of the rules of poverty and obedience, and a rigorous penitential discipline.

Secular Augustinian Recollects
The Third Order of the Recollects of St. Augustine was set up to involve lay men and women. They publicly declare promises to seek to follow the teachings of St. Augustine. Modern changes in the Roman Catholic Church have led to an increased emphasis on the laity in the work of the Church. As part of the Order, they now share in the work of the friars, and have been reorganized as the Secular Augustinian Recollects.

The Secular Augustinian Recollects (together composed a body called the Secular Augustinian Recollect Fraternity or SARF) is the Third Order of the Order of Augustinian Recollects. Being a full member of the OAR Family, they share in the charism of the Order and in turn share in the graces bestowed upon the First Order and the Second Order.

Today, the SARF is present in 15 countries, divided into 111 local chapters and totals about 3500 members. like the Recollect priests and nuns, full-fledged members of the Third Order attach the SAR to their names.

History
Like the Third Order of the Augustinians, the Secular Augustinian Recollects trace back its history in the middle ages. On 5 December 1588, a number of religious of the Augustinian Province of Castile, moved by a special collective charism, expressed with renewed fervour, and according to new norms, their desire to live the type of consecrated life which Saint Augustine established in the Church, illustrated by his doctrine and examples and ordered in his Holy Rule. Hence, the Augustinian Recollection came to be.

The first groups of tertiaries were recorded in the convents of Madrid, Alcalá, Nava del Rey. In Granada, there were known to exist two or three groups of mantelatas (Spanish members of the Third Order) between 1655 and 1676.

Notable members
 Abraham a Sancta Clara
 Alphonse Gallegos
 Ezequiel Moreno
 Magdalene of Nagasaki
 Laura Evangelista Alvarado Cardozo
 José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán - first Recollect elevated to cardinal

See also
 The Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno

References

External links

 Order of Augustinian Recollects - official website
 Text of the Rule of St. Augustine

Mendicant orders
Recollect Augustinian Order
Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century
Notre Dame Educational Association

Order of Augustinian Recollects


Ottokar I, also Otakar (died 29 March 1075) was count in the Bavarian Chiemgau and Margrave of Styria from 1056 until his death. He became progenitor of the dynasty of the Otakars.

Biography
He was the son of Count Otakar V in the Chiemgau (died 1020) and his wife, a daughter of Count Arnold II of Wels-Lambach who had been appointed margrave upon the deposition of Duke Adalbero of Carinthia by Emperor Conrad II in 1035.

He married Willibirg of Eppenstein, possibly a daughter of Duke Adalbero of Carinthia. The later margraves Adalbero and Ottokar II were his sons. The elder Adalbero succeeded his father but fell out with his younger brother Ottokar II during the Investiture Controversy, was banned and finally murdered in 1082.

Ottokar is documented as a count in the eastern Chiemgau about 1048. By his mother he inherited extended allodial lands and the margravial title in the Traungau region around the fortress of Steyr. He also served a Vogt (reeve) of the Lambach, Traunkirchen, Obermünster, and Persenbeug monasteries and was co-founder of Admont Abbey.

From 1056, he appeared as margrave of the Carantanian march, later to be known as the March of Styria (, after the town of Steyr, where Ottokar was count). In the rising Investiture Controversy he remained a loyal supporter of King Henry IV. Ottokar died in Rome, while on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

Sources

1075 deaths
11th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
Margraves of Styria
Year of birth unknown

Ottokar I of Styria


Big Four is a  mountain summit in the Cascade Range, located about  east of Granite Falls, Washington. It is situated  west of Barlow Pass along the Mountain Loop Highway, near the Monte Cristo area, on land administered by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Debris piles on the mountain's northern flank form as a result of avalanche activity. These fields of disturbed snow are able to remain year round in the shadow of the mountain. During the summer months snow-melt streams flow beneath the debris piles and cause caves to form in the ice. The caves vary in size from season to season and are unpredictably dangerous. The mountain is open to the public and a large snowfield can be reached by a short trail, but the snowfield itself is off-limits due to cave-ins and slides which have killed hikers in incidents in 1998, 2010, and 2015.

History
Big Four is not named for the five peaks on its top. Possible origins for its name include a figure four that is visible in one of its snowfields and a group of four brothers who were known to prospect and trap in the valley. The snow accumulation at the location of the ice caves was known as "Rucker's Glacier" (not actually a glacier), and is considered the lowest elevation permanent ice in the Cascades.

Big Four Inn was a resort near the base of the mountain built by the Rucker Brothers in 1921 until it was destroyed by fire in 1949.

The first ascent of Big Four was made July 19, 1931, by Forest Farr and Art Winder via the northwest ridge.

Climate

Big Four Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in avalanche danger. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

Geology
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.  In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross-section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

See also

 Big Four Ice Caves

Gallery

References

External links
 Big Four weather: Mountain Forecast
 Big Four And Hall Peak from picnic area: Flickr photo

Cascade Range
Mountains of Washington (state)
Mountains of Snohomish County, Washington

Big Four Mountain


Culture shock is a feeling that people have when they are in a different place or experiencing a culture that is different from their own. Many times, the feelings that come with culture shock are confusion, feeling out of place, anxiety, and homesickness. These feelings come from adjusting to the new culture or place, which can be very difficult for some people. Adjustment is especially hard when the change of environment and culture is in a foreign country. It is difficult for people to know what is appropriate and what is not in an unfamiliar place.

Signs and symptoms

 Frustration
 Tiring easily and sleeping a lot

 Feelings of loneliness and not being motivated

 Negative attitude towards host culture

 Extreme homesickness

Dealing with culture shock
It is important to understand and identify the symptoms of culture shock so that it can be worked through. The feelings and symptoms that are a result of culture shock are not always caused by one event alone. Many times, it is more than one event over time that leads to overwhelming feelings and emotions. Sometimes it is difficult to identify feelings and emotions as symptoms of culture shock because they can often be confused with other things. There are some different strategies for coping and working through culture shock. Keeping active, making friends with the host country's locals, and staying positive are all good methods to improve the ability to deal with culture shock.

Reverse culture shock
Reverse culture shock is like culture shock but is experienced when someone returns to their original home after being away for a long period of time. Reverse culture shock can be unexpected because people expect their home to be the same as when they left. This makes it harder for someone to readjust to the change in their home culture and environment. Usually, a longer period of time spent away from home means a longer adjustment period after returning home. Reverse culture shock can be worked through by talking with others, doing things that are a reminder of the foreign place or culture, and staying positive.

References

Culture shock

Culture shock


Dick W. Emuchay  (5 August 1919 – 8 May 1995), also referred to as "Sir D. W. Emuchay", was a British-Nigerian medical doctor and administrator. He served as the first chairman of the Public Service Commission of the East Central State. In 1981, Samuel Onunaka Mbakwe, Governor of Imo State, appointed Emuchay as the Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council of the newly created Imo State University, later Abia State University He served in that position until 1985. He is reputed to have set up the first privately run rural hospital, when in 1961 he set up a 180-bed cottage hospital in his home town of Azumini, in Ukwa East, Abia State.

The first medical doctor from Azumini, Emuchay was unanimously elected the first national chairman of the Azumini Welfare Association during the association's inaugural meeting on 30 December 1958. He also played a role in establishing the National Secondary School, Azumini.

Early life
Emuchay was born in Abak, Akwa Ibom State in eastern Nigeria, and he attended Government College Umuahia, 1932 - 1934
King's College, Lagos, 1935-1936
Higher College, Yaba Lagos 1937-1942
University of St Andrews, Scotland 1945-1949
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, England (Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene). He took his examination in 1953.

Professional career
He taught biology at Igbobi College, Yaba, before proceeding to St. Andrews University Scotland and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He practised medicine briefly in the United Kingdom both as a general practitioner and house Surgeon before relocating back to Nigeria.

 Senior Science Master, Igbobi College, Lagos
 General Medical Practitioner, Lancashire, England, 1949
 House Surgeon, Lancashire, England, 1950
 Senior House Surgeon, Lancashire, England, 1952
 Medical Officer-in-charge of Rural Areas, Aba, 1955-1958
 Medical Officer-in-charge, General Hospital, Degema, Rivers State, 1958-1959
 Medical Officer-in-charge, Maternity Hospital, Aba, 1959-1961

In 1961, D. W. Emuchay became the Proprietor and Medical Superintendent, Cottage Hospital, Azumini which he founded. Years later, his son Dr. Chika O. Emuchay established the Group Medical Practice (GMP) at No. 1 Emuchay Close, Ogbor hill, Aba to provide support to Cottage Hospital, Azumini.
 Chairman, Public Service Commission, East Central State, Enugu, 1972–76
 Chairman, Public Service Commission, former Imo State, Owerri, 1976–82
 Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of the Governing Council, former Imo State University, now Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria 1982-1985
In 1986, the federal government conferred on him a national honour, the award of Member of the Federal Republic.

Family
D. W. Emuchay married Christiana Nne Alali in 1956 at St Michael and All Angels Anglican Church Aba, Abia State. He is the father of 8 including Nigerian diplomat and former Consul-General to South Africa, Okey Emuchay, MFR.

References

1919 births
2011 deaths
Medical doctors from Akwa Ibom State
Government College Umuahia alumni
King's College, Lagos alumni
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
20th-century Nigerian medical doctors
Nigerian expatriates in the United Kingdom

Dick W. Emuchay


Bilin Bilin (born c. 1820; died 1901) was a member of the Yugambeh Bundjalung people in Australia, who gained respect of the European colonials and received a king plate for it. Alternate names for him include Jackey Jackey, Kawae Kawae, John Logan, and Bilinba.

Bilin Bilin chose to work with the Europeans and be friendly to Christianity, in so much as distributing Bibles, while maintaining his traditional beliefs. In his case, favoring diplomacy over confrontation helped his ability to stay on his ancestral land for most of his life.  His diplomacy included demanding equal wages for his people and encouraging them not to leave their land. A Lutheran Pastor, Haussmann, taught him to read and write.

References

History of Indigenous Australians
1901 deaths
1820s births
Indigenous Australian people

Bilin Bilin


The mutual majority criterion is a criterion used to compare voting systems. It is also known as the majority criterion for solid coalitions and the generalized majority criterion. The criterion says that if a majority of voters like a group of candidates more than all of the other candidates, then one of the candidates in the group must win. This is similar to but but more broad than the majority criterion, where the group of candidates can only have one candidate in it. The Droop proportionality criterion is a more broad form of the mutual majority criterion, which also applies to multi-winner elections.

The Schulze method, ranked pairs, instant-runoff voting, Nanson's method, and Bucklin voting pass this criterion. All Smith-efficient Condorcet methods pass the mutual majority criterion.

The plurality vote, approval voting, range voting, the Borda count, and minimax fail this criterion.

Voting methods which pass the majority criterion but fail mutual majority can have a spoiler effect, since if a minority-preferred candidate wins, and all of the candidates preferred by the majority, except for one, leave the election, then the remaining majority-preferred candidate will win instead.

References

Voting systems

Mutual majority criterion


A solar flare or solar limb is a sudden brightening observed over the Sun's surface. It is a large energy release of up to 6 × 1025 joules of energy. The energy is about a sixth of the total energy that is released from the Sun each second equal to 160,000,000,000 megatons of TNT. It can also be compared with the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. The release is then followed by a colossal coronal mass ejection also known as a CME. The first flare releases clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the Sun into space. These clouds usually reach planet Earth a day or two after this has happened. A solar flare is sometimes referred to another phenomena in other stars, such as stellar flare.

Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere such as the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Solar flares produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from radio waves to gamma rays. Most of the energy goes to frequencies outside its range and because of this most of the flares cannot be seen by the naked eye. Solar flares are observed (looked at) with special instruments. Solar flares occur in active regions around sunspots. Solar flares are powered by the sudden release of magnetic energy that is stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CME), although the relation between CMEs and flares is still not known.

X-rays and UV radiation that is released by solar flares can affect Earth's ionosphere. Because of this, radio communications, radars and other devices may be disrupted for a short time. Richard Christopher Carrington was the first person to observe a solar flare in 1859. Carrington had spotted brightening's of small areas within a sunspot group. Stellar flares have also been observed on several of other stars. Solar flares can be "active" from several flares a day or "quiet" from several flares every week. Solar flares occurs during the 11-year cycle (the solar cycle). There are less "large flares" than smaller ones.

References

Other websites

 Live Solar Images and Data Site Includes x-ray flare, geomagnetic, space weather information detailing current solar events.
 Solar Cycle 24 and VHF Aurora Website (www.solarcycle24.com)
 Solar Weather Site
 Current Solar Flare - and geomagnetic activity in dashboard style (www.solar-flares.info)
 STEREO Spacecraft Site

Sun

Solar flare


The House of Polignac is the name of an ancient and powerful French noble family that took its name from the château de Polignac, of which they had been sieurs since Carolingian times. Agnatically, ruling family of Monaco represents the collateral branch of the House of Polignac.

History
In 1385, the male line became extinct, but the heiress married Guillaume, sire de Chalancon, who assumed the name and the coat of arms of Polignac family. Jules de Polignac (1746–1817) became the first Duke of Polignac in 1780.

Notable family members
 Melchior de Polignac (1661–1742), French diplomat, Catholic cardinal and neo-Latin poet
 Jules de Polignac (1746–1817), became the first Duke of Polignac
 Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac (1749–1793), wife of the first Duke of Polignac
 Jules, Prince of Polignac (1780–1847), promulgator of the July Ordinances
 Alphonse de Polignac (1826–1863), French mathematician and number theorist
 Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince of Polignac (1832–1913), Confederate general at the Battle of Sabine Crossroads
 Prince Edmond de Polignac (1834–1901), composer
 Winnaretta Singer, princess de Polignac (1865–1943)
 Armande de Polignac (1876–1962), composer
 Jeanne, Comtesse Charles de Polignac (1882–1966), singer and salonnière
 Pierre de Polignac (1895–1964), father of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
 Guy de Polignac, president of the French association of the Sovereign Order of Malta

External links

French noble families

Polignac family


The Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group's (FEWSG) mission as part of the US Navy was to provide electronic warfare simulation in a controlled environment during fleet exercises to help operators deal with EW threats, VAQ-33, VAQ-34 and VAQ-35 were the primary electronic aggressor squadrons to provide these fleet services flying the ERA-3B, EA-4F, EA-6A, EA-6B, EA-7L, EF-4B, EP-3J and NC-121K.  FEWSG also operated their own aircraft under contract, most notably EB-47E, NKC-135A and an EC-24A.  FEWSG was joined with the Fleet Deception Group Atlantic in May 1992 to form the Fleet Tactical Readiness Group (FTRG). The FTRG had an inventory of EW jammers and threat simulators for realistic training for operators.

External links
Electronic Aircraft Variants
VAQ-33
VAQ-34
VAQ-34 - Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group Aircraft and Assets web page
Chronology of Significant Events in Naval Aviation The First Half of the Nineties 1991-1995

United States naval aviation

Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group


Agatha Harkness is a fictional character and anti-heroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Fantastic Four #94 and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

She is a witch who is the mentor of the Scarlet Witch and an ally of the Fantastic Four when she babysat Mr. Fantastic and Invinsible Woman's baby, Franklin Richards. She also has a companion, Ebony, who is her cat familiar.

The character is played by American actress Kathryn Hahn in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) miniseries WandaVision (2021), and is set to reprise her role in a spin-off series about the character, Agatha: Coven of Chaos.

Marvel Comics characters

Agatha Harkness


Bharat Ek Khoj is a series of 53 episodes about the history of India. It is based on Discovery of India (1946), a book by Jawaharlal Nehru. It was directed, written and produced by Shyam Bengal in 1988 for Doordarshan. It stars Roshan Seth as Jawaharlal Nehru. Om Puri is the narrator. It was first aired on DD National. The episodes are about India's 5000-year history till independence in 1947. Its cast also includes Tom Alter, Naseerudin Shah, Irrfan Khan.

References

Documentaries

Bharat Ek Khoj


Neve and Gliz were the official mascots of the 2006 Winter Olympics and Aster was the official mascot of the 2006 Winter Paralympics, both held in Turin, Italy.

Neve and Gliz in Turin and Italy — about the size of a elephant — that make up the legs They stamp their small cube feet, that this is the size of mouse and rat, Neve and Gliz that are extremely nervous. When they are surprised, they freeze immediately, and then run away in a zig-zag through the forest. nothing — size the warthog.

Sports mascots
2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Paralympics
Fictional races

Neve, Gliz and Aster


The 2nd European Athletics Championships was a continental athletics competition for European athletes which was held in two places in 1938. The men's event took place in Paris, France between 3–5 September while the women's events were in Vienna, Austria (at the time part of Nazi Germany) on 17 and 18 September. A total of 32 events were contested at the two competitions, comprising 23 events for men and 9 for women. This was the first time that events for women were held and the only occasion on which the competition was held in two separate locations.

Nazi Germany topped the medals table with twelve gold medals and 32 in total. Finland won the second greatest number of gold medals (5) and eleven medals in total. The next most successful nations were Great Britain (four golds and eight overall) and Sweden (three golds and a total of thirteen medals). France won a medal of each colour in Paris, with Prudent Joye the sole Frenchman to win a gold for the hosts of the men's championships.

In the men's competition at Stade Olympique de Colombes in Paris, Donald Finlay of Great Britain broke the European record to win the 110 metres hurdles. Tinus Osendarp of the Netherlands won a sprint double, breaking two championship records. World record holder Sydney Wooderson took victory in the 1500 metres while Olympic gold medallists Matti Järvinen (javelin), Karl Hein (hammer) and Harold Whitlock (50 km walk) won their specialities. Finnish runners Taisto Mäki, Ilmari Salminen and Väinö Muinonen won all three of the long distance running events at the championships, upholding the country's reputation as the Flying Finns. Contemporaneous reports on the men's event were given in the Glasgow Herald.

Stanisława Walasiewicz of Poland excelled in the women's events at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in Vienna, winning both the 100 and 200 metres, as well as silver medals in the long jump and 4 x 100 metres relay. Italian athlete Claudia Testoni set a world record of 11.6 seconds over the 80 metres hurdles. Outside these highlights, the German women dominated the competition by winning 15 of the 27 women's medals on offer. Among them were Käthe Krauß (who won two silvers in the sprints), 1936 Berlin Olympics champion Gisela Mauermayer (who won the discus and a silver in the shot put) and Lisa Gelius, who completed a usual double of silver in the hurdles and gold in the javelin throw. Among the minor medallists was Fanny Blankers-Koen, who won the first international medals of her highly successful career. Dora Ratjen was the initial winner of the women's high jump, but this was rescinded after it was discovered that he was in fact a man. A contemporaneous report on the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Medal summary
Complete results were published.

Men

Women

Medal table

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 350 athletes from 23 countries participated in the event, two athletes less than the official number of 352 as published.

 (2)
 (13)
 (3)
 (3)
 (7)
 (21)
 (43)
 (50)
 (35)
 (5)
 (25)
 (37)
 (3)
 (2)
 (5)
 (14)
 (10)
 (15)
 (1)
 (2)
 (35)
 (17)
 (2)

References

External links
 European Athletics

European Athletics Championships
European Athletics Championships
European Athletics Championships
International athletics competitions hosted by Germany
International athletics competitions hosted by France
European Athletics Championships
Sports competitions in Vienna
Athletics
1938 in European sport
1938 in Paris
1930s in Vienna
September 1938 sports events
1938 in Austrian sport

1938 European Athletics Championships


What Not to Wear is a makeover reality show that is aired on the BBC. The reality show is now presented by Mica Paris and Lisa Butcher, but before them, it was presented by the fashion experts Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine.

On every episode of the show, there is a makeover of a man or woman who is very unfashionable. The person who is having the makeover is given £2000/$5000 to go shopping and buy new fashionable clothes with the two hosts who give them advice. The makeover helps the person to have a better appearance and be more fashionable.

British reality television series
BBC Television programmes

What Not to Wear


Thomas Cundy III ( Thomas de Candie, 17 October 1821 – 4 November 1895) was a British architect. He joined his father's practice in the 1840s and was also surveyor of the Grosvenor Estate, London. He retired from that post in 1890, and was succeeded by Eustace Balfour.

He and his father were jointly responsible for a number of Gothic churches, including St Barnabas, Pimlico. On his own account he designed London terraces outside of the Grosvenor estate in an Italianate style, including Cornwall Gardens and parts of Queen's Gate, both in Kensington. He designed 6-16 Grosvenor Place,(41 Chapel Street) in the French renaissance style, for Grosvenor in 1868. Cundy also designed the three arched entrances of Kynance Mews.

He is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.

References

 H.M. Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840 (1997)

1820 births
1895 deaths
19th-century English architects
Place of birth missing
Burials at Brompton Cemetery

Thomas Cundy III


Gay Kristine Jacobsen D'Asaro (now Gay MacLellan)  is an American Olympic foil fencer.

She attended the University of California, Santa Barbara from 1972 to 1974 and fenced as a member of the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos.  She later transferred and fenced for San Jose State University in late the 1970s and early 1980s. She holds a record for two National Titles, and was a 1-rated Referee. She was inducted into the USFA Hall of Fame in 2004.  As a child, she lived in Ripon, California, and later, lived in Ashland, Oregon, where she taught private fencing lessons.  She was a student of coach Michael D'Asaro Sr., whom she later married.  As of 2006, she no longer uses last name D'Asaro, and now goes by her married name:  Gay (Jacobsen) MacLellan.

Accomplishments
 1973 "Under 20" National Champion
 1973 World Championships
 1974 U.S. Women's Foil National Champion
 1975 NIWFA Pan American Team Member
 1976 U.S. Olympic Team Foil Fencer
 1978 U.S. Women's Foil National Champion
 1979 NIWFA Pan American Team Member (won Bronze medal)
 1980 U.S. Olympic Team Foil Fencer
 Because of Jimmy Carter's ban on the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games, D'Asaro and the rest of her Olympic Fencing team did not compete in the games. She was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal instead.

Honors
 UC Santa Barbara Hall of Fame (Fencing 1972–74)
 2001-2005 Appointed to USFA Fencing Officials Commission
 2002 Olympian Procession at Oregon Sports Authority
 2004 Inducted into United States Fencing Association Hall of Fame

Academic work
 A History of the Amateur Fencers League of America.  D'Asaro, G.K.J. 1983. A history of the Amateur Fencers League of America. Unpublished thesis, Ph.D. dissertation.   (U860 .D37, San Jose State University)

See also
 List of American foil fencers
 USFA

References

External links
 Pan American Games Results
 USFA Hall of Fame Listing

1954 births
Living people
American female foil fencers
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos fencers
San Jose State Spartans fencers
Olympic fencers for the United States
Fencers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Ashland, Oregon
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in fencing
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Fencers at the 1979 Pan American Games
21st-century American women
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games

Gay Jacobsen D'Asaro


Gauscelin de Jean (died 3 August 1348) was a French cardinal.

He was born at Cahors in the family related (by the marriage alliance) to the family of Pope John XXII. From 1312 he was archdeacon of Paris. Pope John XXII shortly after his election to the papacy named him Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (occupied the post until 1319), and in his first consistory on 17 December 1316 created him cardinal-priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro. In 1317 together with Cardinal Luca Fieschi unsuccessfully tried to mediate (as papal legate) between Scotland and England. In Scotland the legates were even detained for some time due to their alleged partiality in favour of England. In 1319 Gauscelin was more successful by arranging a truce between France and Flanders.

In 1327 John XXII named him Bishop of Albano and grand penitentiary. He participated in the papal conclaves in 1334 and 1342. He held several benefices in England and France. He took part also in the process for the controversy in the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) concerning the poverty of Christ and the Apostles.

He died at Avignon.

See also
 Cahorsins
 Cardinals created by John XXII

Bibliography
Konrad Eubel: Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, Vol. I, 1913
G. Mollat: Vitae paparum avenionensium, vol. II, Paris 1928

External links

14th-century French cardinals
Cardinal-nephews
1348 deaths
Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary
Year of birth unknown
People from Cahors

Gauscelin de Jean


Barqueiros is a Portuguese freguesia ("civil parish"), located in the municipality of Barcelos. The population in 2011 was 1,957, in an area of 8.07 km². Barqueiros has an annual festival known as Festa da Senhora das Necessidades, which is considered one of the most impressive festivals of the province of Minho, held annually on September 6, 7 and 8.

Barqueiros became daily news in Portugal in the 1980s due to mass protests by the citizens of Barqueiros against the mining of Kaolin.  This became known in Portugal as the Guerra dos Caulinos.  The conflict dragged on through the 1980s until it finally escalated resulting in the shooting death of 20-year-old José Carlos Manhente Simões on June 26, 1989 by GNR forces (Guarda Nacional Republicana).

References

Freguesias of Barcelos, Portugal

Barqueiros


Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz (13 November 1661 – 29 April 1720) was the wife of Duke Christian II of Saxe-Merseburg, whom she married on 14 October 1679 at Moritzburg Palace in Zeitz.

Regent of the duchy of Saxe-Merseburg
After her husband's death on 20 October 1694, she took up the guardianship of her eldest son Christian III Maurice, and after his death twenty-five days later (14 November 1694), on behalf of his youngest son and next heir Maurice William, nicknamed  ("the violinist duke"), until he reached the age of 24 in 1712.  She led the government and initiated the construction of a spa in Bad Lauchstädt.  In 1710, she built a wooden well house in Bad Lauchstädt and planted lime trees, which formed a green arch.

Death
She died in 1720 on her widow seat Bündorf Castle and was buried in the ducal crypt in Merseburg Cathedral.

On the occasion of her death a gold  ducat coin was minted.  One of the four obelisks in the garden of Merseburg Castle is dedicated to her memory.

External links

 Article in the Saxon Biography

Erdmuthe
1661 births
1720 deaths
Erdmuthe
Erdmuthe
Albertine branch
Daughters of monarchs
Mothers of monarchs

Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz


The Kongo cosmogram (also called yowa or dikenga cross, Kikongo: dikenga dia Kongo or tendwa kia nza-n' Kongo) is a core symbol in Bakongo religion that depicts the physical world (Ku Nseke), the spiritual world (Ku Mpémba), the Kalûnga line that runs between the two worlds, the sacred river that forms a circle through the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the four elements.

History
Ethnohistorical sources and material culture demonstrate that the Kongo cosmogram existed as a long-standing symbolic tradition within the BaKongo culture before European contact in 1482, and that it continued in use in Central Africa through the early twentieth century. In its fullest embellishment, this symbol served as an emblematic representation of the Kongo people and summarized a broad array of ideas and metaphoric messages that comprised their sense of identity within the cosmos.

The Kongo cosmogram was introduced in the Americas by enslaved Bakongo people in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Archaeological findings in the United States show evidence that the symbol was honored by Black Americans, who drew the Kongo cosmogram on the walls of church basements, as well as engraved it in pottery.

Parts of the cosmogram

Kalûnga and the two worlds

The Bakongo believe that in the beginning, there was only a circular void of nothingness, called mbûngi. The creator god Nzambi Mpungu summoned a spark of fire, or Kalûnga, that grew until it filled the mbûngi. When it grew too large, Kalûnga became a great force of energy and unleashed heated elements across space, forming the universe with the sun, stars, planets, etc. Because of this, kalûnga is seen as the origin of life and a force of motion. The Bakongo believe that life requires constant change and perpetual motion. Nzambi Mpunga is also referred to as Kalûnga, the god of change.

After creation, the nature of Kalûnga shifted when Nzambi separated the physical world, or Ku Nseke, from the spiritual (ancestral) world, or Ku Mpémba, with the Kalûnga line. The line became a river, carrying people between the worlds at birth and death, and mbûngi became the rotating sun. At death, or the setting of the sun, the process repeats and a person is reborn. In Kikongo, the word Kalûnga means "threshold between worlds." Accordingly, the Kalûnga line acts as a barrier between the two worlds and leads all Bakongo people, or muntu, through the four stages of life.

Together, the Kalûnga line and the mbûngi circle form part of the Kongo cosmogram, also called the Yowa or Dikenga Cross. A simbi (pl. bisimbi) is a water spirit that is believed to inhabit bodies of water and rocks, having the ability to guide bakulu, or the ancestors, along the Kalûnga line to the spiritual world after death. They are also present during the baptisms of African American Christians, according to Hoodoo tradition.

Four moments of the sun
According to Molefi Kete Asante, "Another important characteristic of Bakongo cosmology is the sun and its movements. The rising, peaking, setting, and absence of the sun provide the essential pattern for Bakongo religious culture. These 'four moments of the sun' equate with the four stages of life: conception, birth, maturity, and death. For the Bakongo, everything transitions through these stages: planets, plants, animals, people, societies, and even ideas. This vital cycle is depicted by a circle with a cross inside. In this cosmogram or dikenga, the meeting point of the two lines of the cross is the most powerful point and where the person stands."

Then the process repeats and Bakongo are reborn. Together, Kalûnga and the mbûngi circle form the Yowa or Dikenga Cross. The four corners of the cross are believed to represent musoni time, kala time, tukula time, and luvemba time. They correspond to the four moments of the sun, the four stages of life, the four elements and the four seasons.

Mfinda
Nature is also essential in the Kongo religion. While nature spirits later became more associated with water, or kalûnga, they were also known to dwell in the forest, or mfinda (finda in Hoodoo). The Kingdom of Kongo used the term chibila, which referred to sacred groves, where they would venerate these forest spirits. The Kingdom of Loango called them bakisi banthandu, or spirits of the wilderness. The Kingdom of Ndongo preferred the name xibila (pl. bibila).

The Kongo people also believed that some ancestors inhabited the forest after death and maintained their spiritual presence in their descendants' lives. These particular ancestors were believed to have died, traveled to Mpémba, and then were reborn as bisimbi. Thus, The Great Mfinda existed as a meeting point between the physical world and the spiritual world. The living saw it as a source of physical nourishment through hunting and spiritual nourishment through contact with the ancestors. One expert on Kongo religion, Dr. Fu-Kiau, even described some precolonial Kongo cosmograms with mfinda as a bridge between the two worlds.

References

African culture
Hoodoo (spirituality)
Kingdom of Kongo
Kongo culture
Kongo religion

Kongo cosmogram


Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge (27 July 185723 November 1934) was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East. He made numerous trips to Egypt and Sudan on behalf of the British Museum to buy antiquities, and helped it build its collection of cuneiform tablets, manuscripts, and papyri. He published many books on Egyptology, helping to bring the findings to larger audiences. In 1920, he was knighted for his service to Egyptology and the British Museum.

Personal life
E. A. Wallis Budge was born in 1857 in Bodmin, Cornwall, to Mary Ann Budge, a young woman whose father was a waiter in a Bodmin hotel. Budge's father has never been identified. Budge left Cornwall as a boy, and eventually came to live with his maternal aunt and grandmother in London.

Budge became interested in languages before he was ten years old, but left school at the age of twelve in 1869 to work as a clerk at the retail firm of WHSmith, which sold books, stationery and related products. In his spare time, he studied Biblical Hebrew and Syriac with the aid of a volunteer tutor named Charles Seeger.

Budge became interested in learning the ancient Assyrian language in 1872, when he also began to spend time in the British Museum. Budge's tutor introduced him to the keeper of Oriental Antiquities, the pioneer Egyptologist Samuel Birch, and Birch's assistant, the Assyriologist George Smith. Smith helped Budge occasionally with his Assyrian. Birch allowed the youth to study cuneiform tablets in his office and obtained books for him from the British Library of Middle Eastern travel and adventure, such as Austen Henry Layard's Nineveh and Its Remains.

From 1869 to 1878, Budge spent his free time studying Assyrian, and during these years, often spent his lunch break studying at St. Paul's Cathedral. John Stainer, the organist of St. Paul's, noticed Budge's hard work, and met the youth. He wanted to help the working-class boy realize his dream of becoming a scholar. Stainer contacted W. H. Smith, a Conservative member of Parliament, and the former Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, and asked them to help his young friend. Both Smith and Gladstone agreed to help Stainer to raise money for Budge to attend the University of Cambridge.

Budge studied at Cambridge from 1878 to 1883. His subjects included Semitic languages: Hebrew, Syriac, Geʽez and Arabic; he continued to study Assyrian independently. Budge worked closely during these years with William Wright, a noted scholar of Semitic languages, among others.

In 1883 he married Dora Helen Emerson, who died in 1926. Budge was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours for his distinguished contributions to Colonial Egyptology and the British Museum. In the same year, he published his sprawling autobiography, By Nile and Tigris. He retired from the British Museum in 1924, and lived until 1934. He continued to write and published several books; his last work was From Fetish to God in Ancient Egypt (1934).

Career at the British Museum

In 1883, Budge entered the British Museum, working within the recently renamed Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities. Initially appointed to the Assyrian section, he soon transferred to the Egyptian section. He studied the Egyptian language with Samuel Birch until the latter's death in 1885. Budge continued to study ancient Egyptian with the new keeper, Peter le Page Renouf, until the latter's retirement in 1891.

Between 1886 and 1891, Budge was assigned by the British Museum to investigate why cuneiform tablets from British Museum sites in Iraq, which were to be guarded by local agents of the museum, were showing up in the collections of London antiquities dealers. The British Museum was purchasing these collections of what were their "own" tablets at inflated London market rates. Edward Augustus Bond, the principal librarian of the museum, wanted Budge to find the source of the leaks and to seal it. Bond also wanted Budge to establish ties to Iraqi antiquities dealers in order to buy available materials at the reduced local prices, in comparison to those in London. Budge also travelled to Istanbul during these years to obtain a permit from the Ottoman Empire government to reopen the museum's excavations at these Iraqi sites. The museum archaeologists believed that excavations would reveal more tablets.

During his years in the British Museum, Budge also sought to establish ties with local antiquities dealers in Egypt and Iraq so that the museum could buy antiquities from them, and avoid the uncertainty and cost of excavating. This was a 19th-century approach to building a museum collection, and it was changed markedly by more rigorous archaeological practices, technology and cumulative knowledge about assessing artefacts in place. Budge returned from his many missions to Egypt and Iraq with: large collections of cuneiform tablets; Syriac, Coptic, and Greek manuscripts; and significant collections of hieroglyphic papyri. Perhaps his most famous acquisitions from this time were: the Papyrus of Ani, a Book of the Dead; a copy of Aristotle's lost Constitution of Athens; and the Amarna letters. Budge's prolific and well-planned acquisitions gave the British Museum arguably the best Ancient Near East collections in the world, at a time when European museums were competing to build such collections.

In 1900, the Assyriologist Archibald Sayce said to Budge:

Budge became assistant keeper in his department after Renouf retired in 1891, and was confirmed as keeper in 1894. He held this position until 1924, specializing in Egyptology. Budge and collectors for other museums of Europe regarded having the best collection of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities in the world as a matter of national pride, and there was tremendous competition for such antiquities among them. Museum officials and their local agents smuggled antiquities in diplomatic pouches, bribed customs officials, or simply went to friends or countrymen in the Egyptian Service of Antiquities to ask them to pass their cases of antiquities unopened. During his tenure as keeper, Budge was noted for his kindness and patience in teaching young visitors to the British Museum.

Budge's tenure was not without controversy. In 1893, he was sued in the high court by Hormuzd Rassam for both slander and libel. Budge had written that Rassam had used his relatives to smuggle antiquities out of Nineveh and had sent only "rubbish" to the British Museum. The elderly Rassam was upset by these accusations, and when he challenged Budge, he received a partial apology that a later court considered "ungentlemanly". Rassam was supported by the judge but not the jury. After Rassam's death, it was alleged that, while Rassam had made most of the discoveries of antiquities, credit was taken by the staff of the British Museum, notably Austen Henry Layard.

Literary and social career
Budge was also a prolific author, and he is especially remembered today for his works on ancient Egyptian religion and his hieroglyphic primers. Budge argued that the religion of Osiris had emerged from an indigenous African people. Budge's contention that the religion of the Egyptians was derived from similar religions of the people of northeastern and central Africa was regarded as impossible by his colleagues. At the time, all but a few scholars followed Flinders Petrie in his theory that the culture of Ancient Egypt was derived from an invading "Dynastic Race", which had conquered Egypt in late prehistory.

Budge's works were widely read by the educated public and among those seeking comparative ethnological data, including James Frazer. He incorporated some of Budge's ideas on Osiris into his ever-growing work on comparative religion, The Golden Bough.  Though Budge's books remain widely available, since his day both translation and dating accuracy have improved, leading to significant revisions. The common writing style of his era—a lack of clear distinction between opinion and incontrovertible fact—is no longer acceptable in scholarly works. According to Egyptologist James Peter Allen, Budge's books "were not too reliable when they first appeared and are now woefully outdated."

Budge was also interested in the paranormal, and believed in spirits and hauntings. Budge had a number of friends in the Ghost Club (British Library, Manuscript Collections, Ghost Club Archives), a group in London committed to the study of alternative religions and the spirit world. He told his many friends stories of hauntings and other uncanny experiences. Many people in his day who were involved with the occult and spiritualism after losing their faith in Christianity were dedicated to Budge's works, particularly his translation of the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Such writers as the poet William Butler Yeats and James Joyce studied and were influenced by this work of ancient religion. Budge's works on Egyptian religion have remained consistently in print since they entered the public domain.

Budge was a member of the literary and open-minded Savile Club in London, proposed by his friend H. Rider Haggard in 1889, and accepted in 1891. He was a much sought-after dinner guest in London, his humorous stories and anecdotes being famous in his circle.  He enjoyed the company of the well-born, many of whom he met when they brought to the British Museum the scarabs and statuettes they had purchased while on holiday in Egypt. Budge never lacked for an invitation to a country house in the summer or to a fashionable townhouse during the London season.

See also

 Gebelein predynastic mummies
 List of Egyptologists
 Mike the cat, companion of Wallis Budge, who guarded the courtyard of the British Museum for twenty years

References

Works cited

Further reading

 British Library, Manuscript Collections, Ghost Club Archives, Add. 52261

External links

Texts

 Budge, E. A. Wallis (1904). The Gods of the Egyptians. HTML, formatted with images

Others
"E.A. Wallis Budge", British Museum
Geoffrey Graham, Yale University - list discussion of Egyptian dictionary, How to best use Budge's work and appreciate his ability to synthesize - get some education first, Rostau
Budge, E. A. Wallis (20 January 1930). "Obituary for Mike The British Museum Cat". Time.
Coptic Martyrdoms etc. In Dialect of Upper Egypt, Volume 1, edited with English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge. London: British Museum, 1914, at Coptic Library website
Coptic Martyrdoms etc. In Dialect of Upper Egypt, Volume 2, edited with English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge. London: British Museum, 1914], at Coptic Library website

1857 births
1934 deaths
19th-century British archaeologists
19th-century English writers
20th-century British archaeologists
20th-century English writers
Coptologists
Employees of the British Museum
English archaeologists
English Egyptologists
English orientalists
Knights Bachelor
People from Bodmin
Syriacists
Victorian writers

E. A. Wallis Budge


Bethany Noel Mota (born November 7, 1995) is an American video blogger from Los Banos, California. She was a shy person, lived her childhood with cyber bullying. Starting with her YouTube channel of as "MacBarbie07" created in 2009, she rose to fame for her haul videos, in which she shows her fashion purchases via the internet. She changed her channel name to "Bethany Mota" as she grew more and more well known. She uploads videos of outfit ideas, makeup and hair tutorials, recipes, and do it yourself ideas. She has since expanded into her own fashion line at Aéropostale. She recently went on a tour, which she calls her "Motavatour" to meet and interact with fans. She is now (8/23/2016) is in a Camp to meet and interact with her fans, with a Youtuber named Tyler Oakley.

References

Living people
American fashion designers
1995 births

Bethany Mota


Michael Barry Reid (born May 24, 1947) is an American country music artist, composer, and former football player.

Born and raised in Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States, Reid attended and graduated from Pennsylvania State University, where he played defensive lineman for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team. He then spent five seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals in the National Football League (NFL), earning trips to the Pro Bowl after the 1972 and 1973 seasons, before retiring after the 1974 season. He subsequently focused on his musical career, co-writing several hit singles for country music artists, including Ronnie Milsap's "Stranger in My House", which won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1984. Reid later began a solo recording career, releasing two studio albums for Columbia Records. He charted seven singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart as a singer, including the number one hit "Walk on Faith".

Football career
At college, Reid was a captain on both the Nittany Lions undefeated 1968 and 1969 teams that went 22-0.
In his senior year (1969), the tackle spearheaded Penn State on defense with 89 tackles and was a unanimous All-America choice and All-East selection. He won the Outland Trophy as the best College football interior lineman in 1969, and also was awarded the 1969 Maxwell Award and finished fifth in the Heisman Trophy balloting. Reid also wrestled at Penn State and in 1967 he won the Eastern heavyweight wrestling title. In addition to athletics, Reid played Chicago gangster Big Julie in Penn State's production of the musical Guys and Dolls.

Reid was the first-round selection (#7 pick overall) of the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1970 NFL Draft. In the team's third season, it won the AFC Central Division and made the playoffs. In 1971, Reid established himself as one of the NFL's best pass rushers by recording 12 sacks, a figure he repeated in 1972. In 1971 Reid was a consensus All-AFC selection and the following year he was consensus All-Pro as well as being voted consensus All-AFC again.

In 1973, he topped those marks by recording 13 sacks. He was named All-Pro by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) and was second-team All-Pro according to the Associated Press and Pro Football Writers Association. For the third consecutive season Reid was consensus All-AFC.

In 1974, due primarily to injuries, he recorded only seven sacks, bringing his career total to 49. In his final season, Reid was again an All-AFC selection by Pro Football Weekly. Although sacks were an unofficial statistic, the Bengals kept track of them and Reid retired as the leading sacker in the team's short history.

He made two trips to the Pro Bowl (1972 and 1973) before his retirement following the 1974 season due to knee and hand injuries and his desire to focus on a music career. In 1996, he received the NFL Alumni Career Achievement Award for his success in his post-NFL career.

He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1987 and received the Walter Camp "Alumnus of the Year" award in 1987. In 1995, he received the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award. Reid was named as part of the Bengals' 40th Anniversary All-Time team in 2007. In 2017, Reid was named as part of the Bengals' 50th Anniversary All-Time Team.

Music career
After receiving his BA in music from Pennsylvania State University in 1969, Reid would perform as a pianist for the Utah Symphony Orchestra, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, and Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.

When he abandoned his football career, he formed a band and began playing at a Holiday Inn location across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, then abandoned the idea of performing in bands and began playing solo at the Blind Lemon, and in the process, beginning to write his own songs. Living in Mount Lookout, he drove Eastern Avenue daily, and slowly "Eastern Avenue River Railway Blues" grew out of that. After a gig in Atlanta, Reid and some other musicians attended Southeastern Music Hall about 3:30 a.m. A cassette tape of that session somehow found its way to Jerry Jeff Walker, who, in 1978, became the first artist to record a Reid song, that being "Eastern Avenue River Railway Blues".

In 1980, Reid moved to Nashville, and quickly became known as an in-demand songwriter for Ronnie Milsap. Larry Gatlin also helped Reid spearhead his songwriting career.

In 1984, Reid won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song with "Stranger in My House", which was recorded by Ronnie Milsap. Reid would also contribute compositions to artists such as Marie Osmond, Tanya Tucker, Collin Raye, Alabama, and Conway Twitty. In the 1980s and 1990s, Reid wrote 12 No. 1 singles including "Forever's as Far as I'll Go", which was recorded in 1990 by Alabama; their 29th number one country hit. He was also featured as a guest vocalist on Milsap's "Old Folks", a No. 2 hit from early 1988.  He also co-wrote, with Allen Shamblin, Bonnie Raitt's hit "I Can't Make You Love Me", which reached #18 on the Billboard Pop Charts and has been covered by countless artists.

In 1990, Reid signed to Columbia Records as a recording artist. His debut album Turning for Home produced a No. 1 country hit in its lead-off single "Walk on Faith", although the album's other singles were not as successful. His second album, 1992's Twilight Town, produced two singles which both missed the Top 40.

A third album, New Direction Home, was released two decades later in 2012 by the small Off Row Records label and is available on iTunes and Spotify as well as in an mp3 download from Reid's website.

By 1991, Reid composed the music for the Civil War musical A House Divided. Over the following two decades, he wrote more musicals, including Quilts, Different Fields, Eye of the Blackbird, Tales of Appalachia, In This House, and The Ballad of Little Jo, a 1997 winner of the Academy of Arts and Letters' 'Richard Rodgers Award for Musical Theater'.

In 2019, he again returned to the musical theater stage with The Last Day, a commissioned production co-written with NYU Tisch School of Performing Arts Assistant Dean, Sarah Schlesinger, for Reid's alma mater, Penn State.

Reid was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2005.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Songwriting
For the most notable recordings of songs written by Mike Reid, see :Category:Songs written by Mike Reid (singer).

Music videos

References

External links

1947 births
Living people
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American country singer-songwriters
American football defensive tackles
American male composers
American musical theatre composers
Cincinnati Bengals players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Columbia Records artists
Country musicians from Pennsylvania
Grammy Award winners
Male musical theatre composers
Maxwell Award winners
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Singer-songwriters from Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Altoona, Pennsylvania
American male singer-songwriters

Mike Reid (singer)


Dragash is a municipality in the Prizren district of Kosovo. Dragash has approximately 41,000 inhabitants, the majority are the Gorani, a slavic language speaking Muslim group. The area is 435 km², the population density is 94 inhabitants per km². The City is wellknown for his Wrestlers, every year in June is hold a Oil Wreslting Festival.

References

Settlements in Kosovo

Dragash


Erich Urbach (29 July 1893, Prague – 17 December 1946) was an Austrian dermatologist from Vienna who, in conjunction with Camillo Wiethe, an otorhinolaryngologist, first described lipoid proteinosis.

Biography
As a lieutenant in the Austrian army during World War I, he was a member of a surgical group serving under professor Anton von Eiselsberg. In 1919 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna. He worked in the internal medicine and dermatology departments at Vienna General Hospital and also at the Breslau skin clinic, where he was an assistant to Josef Jadassohn. From 1936 to 1938, he was head physician in the dermatology department at Merchant's Hospital in Vienna, but in order to escape Nazi persecution, he emigrated to the United States in 1938. Here, he served as an associate of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1939 onward, he was head of the allergy department at the Jewish Hospital in Philadelphia.

His book, Hautkrankheiten und Ernährung mit Berücksichtigung der Dermatosen des Kindesalters, was translated into English and published in 1932 as Skin Diseases and Nutrition, Including the Dermatoses of Children.

See also
 List of dermatologists
 List of cutaneous conditions

References

Austrian dermatologists
Physicians from Vienna
Scientists from Prague
University of Vienna alumni
1893 births
1946 deaths
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I

Erich Urbach


The ASF Loan Identification Number Code (LINC) is a global identification code that can be used as a unique ID for financial accounts. Its use is specifically aimed at loans that are pooled and sold into capital markets, in order to improve the ability to track the loans throughout their life. The ID captures underlying loan type, origination date and country of origin, as well as randomized alphanumeric data. The codes are stored in a central loan data repository administered by S&P Valuation and Risk Strategies.

See also
Financial crisis of 2007–08

External links
 ASF press release
 ASF and S&P Loan Identification Number Code structure

Unique identifiers

ASF LINC


Trondheim Cathedral School (, Latin: Schola Cathedralis Nidrosiensis) is an upper secondary school located next to the Nidaros Cathedral in the center of Trondheim, Norway.

History
There is great dispute regarding the actual founding date of the Trondheim Cathedral, but the most common theory is that the school was founded in approximately 1152 and is hence the oldest school in Norway. The oldest part of the present school is the Harsdorff building (Munkegata 8), which was completed in 1786. The building is named after its designer Caspar Harsdorff,  a royal Danish architect. Originally though, the school's design was submitted by a local architect/organist/fireman, but upon review by the Danish king it was turned down and his royal architect assigned with designing the school. It was funded by Thomas Angell (1692–1767), a Trondheim merchant. Festival Hall on the second floor has two marble reliefs by noted Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844). In 1920, the school underwent a major expansion, with buildings designed by Norwegian architect Carl J. Moe (1889–1942).

Programs

Trondheim Cathedral School offers three programs: study specialized education programs, education programs for music, dance and drama as well as media and communication. The school has a separate dance and music program, offers Latin courses and the IB Diploma course for local students who want to travel abroad or for international students who move to the city. The school is part of UNESCO's Associated Schools Project Network (ASPnet.) In addition, the school has an international program, where the study course is structured so that students take the first and the third school year at Trondheim Cathedral School, while they have taken their second school year in Norfolk, England.

Notable alumni

Håkon Håkonson (1204–1263), king of Norway
Peter Wessel Tordenskiold (1690–1720), naval hero
Gerhard Schøning (1722–1780), Norwegian historian
Johan Nordahl Brun (1745–1816), bishop and poet
Gabriel Kielland (1871–1960), architect, painter, and designer
Carl Gustav Fleischer (1883–1942), general during World War II
Martin Linge (1894–1941), officer during World War II
Reidar Stavseth (1907–1991), editor and politician
Gudmund Hernes (born 1941), politician
Idun Reiten (born 1942), mathematician
Odd Einar Dørum (born 1943), politician
Jon Bing (born 1944), writer
Sigurd Allern (born 1946), professor of journalism
Trond Giske (born 1966), politician
Erlend Loe (born 1969), novelist
Snorre Valen (born 1984), politician

See also
 List of the oldest schools in the world

External links
Alumni of Trondheim Cathedral School

References
 Due, Erichsen & Øverås: Trondheim Katedralskoles Historie 1152 - 1952 (Trondheim: 1952)

Secondary schools in Norway
Cathedral schools
International Baccalaureate schools in Norway
Education in Trondheim
Buildings and structures in Trondheim
Educational institutions established in the 12th century
Trøndelag County Municipality
1152 establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in Norway

Trondheim Cathedral School


Dioxathion, systematically known as p-dioxane-2,3-diyl ethyl phosphorodithioate, is an organophosphate pesticide. It is used as an insecticide on livestock and as an acaricide on citrus fruits, deciduous fruits and nuts.

Uses
Under the trade name Delnav, it can be used to control insects and mites on apples, pears, quince, grapes, and walnuts, and finds use in the control of ticks, horn flies, lice and sheep keds in various livestock, either as a spray or as a dip. Under the trade name Deltic, it is a restricted use pesticide for exterior control of fleas, ticks and mites, in kennels, dog houses, yards, and other recreational areas.

Toxicity
Dioxathion is an Extremely Hazardous Substance, as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, and is no longer allowed to be sold in the United States. However, it continues to see use in some other countries. It has been known to cause inhibition of the enzyme cholinesterase in rats, and it is recommended that people who have exposure to dioxathion regularly get their plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase levels assessed. Persons exposed to other chemicals which affect cholinesterase levels, e.g. other organophosphates or carbamates, may be at an increased risk. There are no known carcinogenic or reproductive effects, but long term exposure may result in nerve damage, poor motor coordination, and personality changes of anxiety, depression or irritability.

Short-term effects may include irritation to the eyes, pupil constriction and blurring of vision, abdominal cramps, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle cramps and excess salivation. These are mostly classic symptoms of organophosphate poisoning.

Dioxathion must be stored away from alkalis, iron, tin and strong acids. Contact can be avoided by using protective clothing and eyeware. If poisoning occurs, a physician may administer atropine sulfate, or pralidoxime in case of severe poisoning.

References

External links
New Jersey Dept of Health and Senior Services - Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Spectrum Laboratories Chemical Fact Sheet
Cornell University Pesticide Management Education Program
Safety Information Resources, Inc. International Chemical Safety Cards

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Pesticides
Organophosphate insecticides
Phosphorodithioates
Dioxanes
Ethyl esters

Dioxathion