A callus (: calluses) is an area of thickened and sometimes hardened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation.  Since repeated contact is required, calluses are most often found on the feet and hands, but they may occur anywhere on the skin. Some degree of callus, such as on the bottom of the foot, is normal.

Calluses are generally not harmful and help prevent blisters, as well as offering protection. However, excessive formation may sometimes lead to other problems, such as a skin ulceration or infection, or cause the affected person to try to offload the affected painful area, which can place excessive stress on the asymptomatic side.

Rubbing that is too frequent or forceful will cause blisters, as opposed to calluses, to form.

Cause
Normally, a callus will form on any part of the skin exposed to excess friction over a long period of time. Activities that are known for causing calluses include (but are not limited to) construction work, many sports, wood carving, playing musical instruments, use of a chef's knife, rock climbing, hiking, martial arts, weight training, rowing, BMXing, dancing (especially ballet), chopping wood, monkey bars, pacing and wearing high heels.

Although calluses can occur anywhere on the body as a reaction to moderate, constant "grinding" pressure, they are most  often found on the foot (where the most pressure and friction are applied). On the feet, arguably the source of the most problematic calluses, they typically form on the metatarsal-phalangeal joint area ("balls of the foot"), heels and small toes due to the compression applied by tightly fitting shoes.

Biologically, calluses are formed by the accumulation of terminally differentiated keratinocytes in the outermost layer of skin. Though the cells of calluses are dead, they are quite resistant to mechanical and chemical damage due to extensive networks of cross-linked proteins and hydrophobic keratin intermediate filaments containing many disulfide bonds. It is the natural reaction of the palmar or plantar skin. Too much friction occurring too fast for the skin to develop a protective callus will cause a blister or abrasion instead.

Sometimes a callus occurs where there is no rubbing or pressure. These hyperkeratoses can have a variety of causes. Some toxic materials, such as arsenic, can cause thick palms and soles. Some diseases, such as syphilis, can cause thickening of the palms and soles as well as pinpoint hyperkeratoses. There is a benign condition called keratosis palmaris et plantaris, which produces corns in the creases of the fingers and non-weight bearing spaces of the feet. Some of this may be caused by actinic keratosis, which occurs due to overexposure to sun or with age and hormonal shifts.

Corns

A corn (or clavus, plural clavi) is a cone-shaped callus that penetrates into the dermis, usually on the feet or hands. Corns may form due to chronic pressure or rubbing at a pressure point (in this skin over a bone), or due to scar tissue from a healing wound creating pressure in a weight-bearing area such as the sole of the foot. If there is constant stimulation of the tissue producing the corns, even after the corn is surgically removed, the skin may continue to grow as a corn.

The hard part at the center of the corn resembles a funnel with a broad raised top and a pointed bottom. Because of their shape, corns intensify the pressure at the tip and can cause deep tissue damage and ulceration. The scientific name for a corn is heloma (plural helomata). A hard corn is called a heloma durum, while a soft corn is called a heloma molle.

The location of the soft corns tends to differ from that of hard corns. Hard corns occur on dry, flat surfaces of skin. Soft corns (frequently found between adjacent toes) stay moist, keeping the surrounding skin soft. The corn's center is not soft however, but indurated.

The specific diagnostic workup and treatments for corns may differ substantially from other forms of calluses.

Prevention
Corns and calluses are easier to prevent than to treat.  When it is undesirable to form a callus, minimizing rubbing and pressure will prevent callus formation.  Footwear should be properly fitted, gloves may be worn, and protective pads, rings or skin dressings may be used.  People with poor circulation or sensation should check their skin often for signs of rubbing and irritation so they can minimize any damage.

Treatment

Calluses and corns may heal by themselves eventually, once the irritation is consistently avoided. They may also be dissolved with keratolytic agents containing salicylic acid, sanded down with a pumice stone or silicon carbide sandpaper or filed down with a callus shaver, or pared down by a professional such as a podiatrist.

Diabetes
People with diabetes face special skin challenges. Because diabetes affects the capillaries, the small blood vessels which feed the skin, thickening of the skin with callus increases the difficulty of supplying nutrients to the skin. Callus formation is seen in high numbers of patients with diabetes, and together with absent foot pulses and formation of hammer toe, this may be an early sign of individuals at an increased risk for foot ulcers.

The stiffness of a callus or corn, coupled with the shear and pressure that caused it, may tear the capillaries or adjoining tissue, causing bleeding within the callus or corn. This can often be result of trying to pick, cut, or shave off the callus by yourself at home. Although the bleeding can be small, sometimes small pools of blood or hematoma are formed. The blood itself is an irritant, a foreign body within the callus that makes the area burn or itch. If the pool of blood is exposed to the outside, infection may follow. Infection may also lead to ulceration. This process can be prevented at several places.  Diabetic foot infections are the leading cause of diabetic limb amputation.

Society and culture

Calluses in the hands are frequently associated with manual labor and blue-collar workers. During the Gads Hill Train Robbery in 1874, the James–Younger Gang purportedly refrained from robbing men with calloused hands, assuming them to be working class laborers. Such notion is also present in Māori culture, where the words raupā and raupo refer to hands left cracked and chapped due to manual work, and are used as similes for someone deemed a hard worker.

Calluses have also been known to develop on the forehead from the frequent prostrations required in Muslim prayer; known as a prayer bump or zebiba, such calluses are considered marks of piety in some Muslim countries, and people have been known to take special steps, such as praying on straw mats, to encourage the callus to develop.

Calluses may also form on the fingertips from the repeated pressure and friction of playing stringed instruments. This formation of calluses allows the player to repeatedly depress the strings without causing pain. Because of this, callus formation is viewed as something of a rite of passage for beginner string players.

See also
 Hyperkeratosis
 Callosity
 Catagmatic

References

Further reading
 Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 15th Edition, CL Thomas, M.D., M.P.H., editor, F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1985.
 The Merck Manual of Medical Information, Home Edition, R Berkow, M.D., et al., editors, Merck Research Laboratories, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 1997.

External links

Foot diseases
Skin conditions resulting from physical factors

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Callus


Hugh Borton (May 14, 1903 – August 6, 1995) was an American historian who specialized in the history of Japan, later serving as president of Haverford College.

Biography
Borton was born on May 14, 1903, to a devout Quaker household in Moorestown Township, New Jersey. His parents sent him to Quaker schools and after graduating from Haverford College in 1927, he and his wife Elizabeth Wilbur, proceeded to find a way of making a living that was in line with their Quaker beliefs. They looked to the American Friends Service Committee, which set up teaching posts for them at a small school in the foothills of the Tennessee's Great Smoky Mountains. In 1928 Borton and his wife were asked to travel to Tokyo, Japan, to help the Committee's work there.

Borton's three years living among the Japanese affected his outlook to the extent that he thereafter devoted himself to studying Japan. Initially, Borton sought guidance from Sir George Sansom, a British scholar who was then serving in the British Consulate. In 1931, Borton returned to America to further his education. He completed a master's degree in history at Columbia University and studied briefly at Harvard University. He then traveled across the Atlantic to pursue further study under the supervision of Professors J. J. L. Duyvendak and Johannes Rahder at Leiden University in the Netherlands. He was awarded his PhD by Leiden after several years of work at Tokyo Imperial University. He returned to the United States to take a position on the faculty at Columbia, lecturing on modern Japanese history and language. He also played a key role in structuring the first undergraduate program in Japanese studies in the newly expanded Department of Chinese and Japanese. His research publications prior to the Second World War included Peasant Uprisings in Japan of the Tokugawa Period and Japan Since 1931: Its Political and Social Development.

Borton's academic career was interrupted by America's entry into the Second World War following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, diverting him into public service. Borton cited his Quaker principles in conscientiously objecting to serving in the armed forces, but he was interested in doing what he could to prepare for the peace after the war. In June 1942 he sought leave from Columbia to spend the summer serving on the faculty of the School of Military Government at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. In the fall he moved to the US State Department. It marked the beginning of six years during which he was in the midst of a corps of officials who focused not on the military advancement of the war, but in preparing peacetime measures not focused on punishing Japan, but on reforming it so that a similar war would be less likely to occur. Borton drafted many of the State Department proposals and was a proponent of many of its positions, including those that resulted in key decisions such as the decision not to prosecute Emperor Hirohito as a  war criminal and the decision to not replace the Japanese government but to disband the Japanese military and replace the wartime leadership. His group also sought to implement fundamental reform of the Japanese constitution.

In 1948 Borton returned to academic life at Columbia, where he was a prominent organizer of the East Asian Institute as the University's centre of modern and contemporary East Asian studies. He replaced the inaugural director, Sir George Sansom, and later helped to establish the Association for Asian Studies, serving as its first treasurer and later as its president. Among his works were Japan Under Allied Occupation, 1945–1947 and Japan's Modern Century, which went on to become one of the most widely used history texts of his period.

In 1957, Borton resigned his post at Columbia to accept an appointment to Haverford College as its president, before retiring in 1967. In 1972 he retired to his farm in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts to enjoy the farm life which he loved  and to practice his Quaker faith. Borton died on August 6, 1995, at the age of 92 at his home in Conway, Massachusetts.

Honors
 Japan Foundation: Japan Foundation Award, 1980.

Books
 Peasant Uprising in Japan (1938)
 Japan Since 1931: Its Political and Social Developments (1940)
 Japan's Modern Century From Perry to 1970 (1956)

References

Further reading

1903 births
1995 deaths
American Quakers
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Columbia University faculty
Harvard University alumni
Haverford College alumni
American Japanologists
People from Conway, Massachusetts
People from Moorestown, New Jersey
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
Presidents of the Association for Asian Studies
Presidents of Haverford College
20th-century American male writers
20th-century Quakers
20th-century American academics

Hugh Borton


Finanziaria d'investimento Fininvest S.p.A., also known as Fininvest, is an Italian holding company controlled by the Berlusconi family and managed by Silvio Berlusconi's eldest daughter Marina Berlusconi.

Structure
The Fininvest group is composed of a number of companies, such as Mondadori (one of Italy's leading publishing companies), Teatro Manzoni (a theatre in Milan), Alba Servizi Aerotrasporti (a private jet company) and Fininvest Gestione Servizi.

Fininvest is the largest shareholder of MFE - MediaForEurope, which is currently the biggest private entertainment competitor in Italy, known for domestic operations in Italy through Mediaset (including Canale 5, Italia 1, Rete 4, among others), Spanish operations through Mediaset España, the film production company Medusa Film, and many other companies related to TV broadcasting. The deal to sell Mediaset Premium collapsed in 2016.

Fininvest's voting rights on Mediolanum was capped at 9.9999% by Italian Insurance Supervisory Authority despite owning about 36% share capital of the financial conglomerate; the company reverse merger with subsidiary Banca Mediolanum in 2015. Fininvest had a shareholders' pact with Ennio Doris (the pact only bind to 25.5% share each, excess amount of share was not bind), the largest shareholder of Banca Mediolanum, making the pact had an absolute majority in the bank for 51% share capital.

On 5 August 2016, Fininvest signed a preliminary agreement to sell 99.93% stake of AC Milan to a Chinese private equity fund Sino-Europe Sports. The deal was completed on 13 April 2017.

On 15 February 2017, Fininvest announced that they bought an additional 2.9% shares of Mondadori (increased to 53.299%) It was followed by and additional 1.27% shares of Mediaset on 12 May. Fininvest had also purchased more shares in December 2016, in response to hostile takeover by Vivendi.

Other investments
Fininvest owned 0.99% stake in Mediobanca, and was part of the shareholders' pact that owned about 31% stake in the bank in total.

Controversies
The Berlusconi family does not control the company directly. Instead, its shares are owned by 38 separate companies, all named 'Holding Italiana' followed by a number (1-38), most of which are in turn controlled by Berlusconi. These 'Holding Italiane' have repeatedly come under investigation by the police for various financial and accounting irregularities, slush funds and money-laundering. All of them were created at the end of the 1970s by covert associates of Berlusconi's and received significant investments (several hundreds of millions of euros at today's value) from still unknown sources.  Some of their liquidity was even deposited in cash. Much of the documentation of that time relative to the early financial and banking operations of these companies has been lost, in one case in a fire.

A report on those matters was commissioned by the general Dipartimento Investigativo Anti-Mafia (Bureau of Anti-Mafia Investigation) of Palermo in the 1990s from a finance expert working at the Bank of Italy, Francesco Giuffrida, to supplement the evidence in a tentative case against Berlusconi and associates for their alleged involvement with the Sicilian Mafia. In 1998 the case was temporarily shelved because of a lack of sufficient evidence to go to trial.

References

External links

Financial services companies of Italy
Holding companies of Italy
Berlusconi family
Companies based in Rome
Companies based in Milan
Financial services companies established in 1975
Holding companies established in 1975
Italian companies established in 1975

Fininvest


The Istana Satu (First Palace) was a royal residence in Kuala Terengganu in Malaysia.

History
The Istana Satu was erected by Sultan Zainal Abidin III, Sultan of Terengganu in 1884 in the compound of Kota Istana Maziah, Kuala Terengganu. This building is of Terengganu Malay traditional architecture, in the form called "Rumah Tiang Dua Belas". The wood used is cengal. Istana Satu was erected in the Muzium Negara compound in April 1974.

The restored palace is a wooden house designed for the tropics. Standing on stilts that allow air to circulate freely under the building, the palace's steep thatch roof helps keep the interior of the house cool. Intricate wood carvings adorn the doors and windows.

The guest hall of the istana is furnished with a cupboard that is made of carved wood with gold inlaid and complete with a mirror. The cupboard is used to store small decorative items. A hanging lamp is positioned from the ceiling, and a brass foot tray with legs is placed in the hall of visitors. Spread out is a mat made out of mengkuang leaves, a Malay feature to honour guests, and brass shields are mounted on the left and right walls. The kitchen of the istana is made from wood carved with floral motifs. Arranged on the table are a food cover made of woven mengkuang leaves and brass tray symbolising the pride and identity of the Malay race, together with a glass lamp. Kitchen utensils are stored in the cupboard.

Standing next to the Istana Satu are two keliriengs or burial poles. A kelirieng is made of a huge hardwood tree trunk, carved from the top to bottom. Niched up to its sides is a space for the bodies of slaves and followers and hollowed at the top to place the jar containing the chief's bones.

The istana is located today on the grounds of the National Museum of Malaysia.

Further reading

External links

 Istana Satu

Royal residences in Malaysia
History of Terengganu
Buildings and structures in Terengganu

Istana Satu


Sis Ram Ola (30 July 1927 – 15 December 2013) was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Jhunjhunu constituency of Rajasthan and was a member of the Indian National Congress.

Political career
He was a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from 1957 to 1990, and from 1980 to 1990 he was a cabinet minister in the Government of Rajasthan. From 1993 to 1996, he was again a Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. In 1996, he was elected to the 11th Lok Sabha; he was Union Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilizers (Independent Charge) from 1996 to 1997 and Union Minister of State for Water Resources (Independent Charge) from 1997 to 1998. He was re-elected to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998, the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999, the 14th Lok Sabha in 2004, and the 15th Lok Sabha in 2009. He was Union Cabinet Minister of Labour and Employment from 23 May 2004 to 27 November 2004 and  was Union Cabinet Minister of Mines in Dr. Manmohan Singh's government. He was also jila pramukh of Jhujhunu and his son Bijender Ola is a MLA from Jhunjhunu and was a former minister in the Rajasthan government.

Sis Ram Ola was the recipient of the Padma Shri award in 1968 for social work. Started girls education in a remote area in rural Rajasthan with three girls in the school known as Indira Gandhi Balika Niketan Ardawata in 1952; as a result of his efforts since 1952, brought Jhunjhunu district to third place in literacy (in Rajasthan) according to 2011 census.

Death
Sis Ram Ola died in Medanta Hospital, Gurgoan on 15 December 2013 because of cardiac arrest. He had been admitted in a Gurgaon hospital with a cardiac complaint.

Positions held
1957-1990 and 1993-96 Member, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
1980-1990 Cabinet Minister, Government of Rajasthan for ten years (incharge of Panchayati Raj, Rural Development, Forest and Environment, Public Health, Engineering Department, Irrigation, Transport, Co-operatives, Excise, Under-ground Water and Soldiers` Welfare)
1960-77 Zila Pramukh, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan
1960-95 Member, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (P.C.C.),
Member, Executive Committee, R.P.C.C.,
, Kisan Cell, R.P.C.C., Rajasthan
Treasurer, P.C.C., Rajasthan
Member, Pradesh Congress Election Committee
Member, Executive, Congress Legislative Party, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
1972 onwards Member, All India Congress Committee (A.I.C.C.)
1996 Elected to 11th Lok Sabha
1996-97 Union Minister of State, Chemicals and Fertilizers (Independent Charge)
1997-98 Union Minister of State, Water Resources (Independent Charge)
1998 Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
1998-99 Member, Committee on Commerce and its Sub-Committee on Textiles
Member, Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament
Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Defence
1999 Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
1999-2004 Member, Committee on Petitions
Member, Committee on Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
Member, Committee on Food, Civil Supplies and Public Distribution
2004 Elected to 14th Lok Sabha (4th term)
2009 elected to 15th Lok Sabha (5th Term)
23 May 2004-27 Nov. 2004 Union Cabinet Minister, Labour and Employment
27 Nov. 2004 onwards Union Cabinet Minister, Mines
2009: Elected Congress MP from Jhunjhunu
June 17, 2013 : sworn as Cabinet Minister for Labour.

References

|-

1927 births
2013 deaths
Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan
India MPs 2009–2014
Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work
Rajasthani people
People from Jhunjhunu district
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004
India MPs 2004–2009
Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan
All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) politicians
20th-century Indian educators
Social workers from Rajasthan
Mining ministers of India
Labour ministers of India
Members of the Cabinet of India

Sis Ram Ola


Made Man is a 2006 third-person shooter video game developed by the UK company SilverBack Studios and published by Mastertronic and Aspyr for PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows. The game is set in the year 1972 within the New York City underworld of organized crime in the Mafia. The storyline is written by crime author David Fisher with collaboration from former mafioso Salvatore "Bill" Bonanno.

The player assumes the role of Joey Verola, a former soldier, as he is indoctrinated into the world of American organized crime and must relive his life - every moment, every kill - as he rises through the ranks to become a made man. The storyline spans three decades of his life, from the horror of Vietnam to the urban jungle of Brooklyn.

Plot
Joey (Rick Pasqualone) is forced into the world of crime when he saves a don's right-hand man in Vietnam. The game's missions are a series of flashbacks: as Joey is being driven to the don's place to be made he reveals to his nephew how he rose through the ranks.

Development
The title was originally under development at Acclaim Entertainment's Manchester studio under the name of Interview with a Made Man. When Acclaim collapsed, employees from its studio reformed as SilverBack Studios, and backed by Fund4Games, continued to work on the game. The title was shortened to Made Man and a planned Xbox conversion was dropped.

After the release of Made Man, members from the team reformed as the Manchester office of Vivendi-owned Swordfish Studios working on the console versions of World in Conflict. When, in turn, that was sold on during the Activision Blizzard merger, it became the Manchester office of MMOG developer Monumental Games.

Reception
The game has generally received negative reviews, with IGN giving the lowest score. They've given it a 2.4 out of 10 for "poor graphics, banal sound effects, and frequently absurd voice acting".

References

External links

2006 video games
Aspyr games
Organized crime video games
PlayStation 2 games
Cancelled Xbox games
Third-person shooters
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Vietnam War video games
Video games set in New York City
Video games set in North Carolina
Video games set in Vietnam
Video games set in 1968
Video games set in 1969
Video games set in 1972
Video games set in 1974
Video games set in 1979
Video games set in 1982
Video games set in 1989
Windows games
Mastertronic games
Works about the American Mafia

Made Man (video game)


David Guy Barnabas Kindersley MBE (11 June 1915 – 2 February 1995) was a British stone letter-carver and typeface designer, and the founder of the Kindersley Workshop (later the Cardozo Kindersley Workshop). His carved plaques and inscriptions in stone and slate can be seen on many churches and public buildings in the United Kingdom. Kindersley was a designer of the Octavian font for Monotype Imaging in 1961, and he and his third wife Lida Lopes Cardozo designed the main gates for the British Library.

Early life

Kindersley was born at Codicote near Hitchin, the son of Major Guy Molesworth Kindersley (a stockbroker and MP) and the grandson on his mother's side of the Arts and Crafts potter Sir Edmund Elton. He was educated at St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne, where "he had a wonderful time", becoming head boy, and the sharpness of his eye was shown by his outstanding skill at shooting.

He claimed that "aiming at the centre has always been an inherent quality with him". His elder brother, Hallam, died at Westminster School whilst Kindersley was still at St Cyprian's. Kindersley went on to Marlborough College, but left after three years because of rheumatoid arthritis.

After recovery, Kindersley was sent to Paris to learn French and study sculpture at the Academie St Julian and then with the Iduni brothers in London. He read the books of Eric Gill, and decided to become a stone-cutter. He became an apprentice to Gill in his workshop at Pigotts High Wycombe in December 1934, with the support of his father who, liking to do things the proper way, insisted on paying an apprenticeship indemnity. He worked on important commissions, including Bentall's store in Kingston upon Thames, St John's College, Oxford and Dorset House.

Independent activity
Kindersley left Gill's workshop in 1936 and set up his own workshop on the River Arun, where he still worked on commission for Gill. He married his first wife, Christina Sharpe, at the beginning of World War II and ran The Smith's Arms, a tiny pub (reputed to be the smallest in England) with her in Godmanstone, Dorset.

As a conscientious objector he refused to be put in a position where he would have to kill, although he applied (and was rejected) for the Home Guard. On the death of Eric Gill in 1940, Kindersley spent time sorting out the affairs of Gill's workshop at Pigotts.

Cambridge workshops
In 1945, Kindersley moved to Cambridgeshire and set up his first fully-fledged letter-cutting workshop at Dales Barn in the village of Barton. During this time, Kindersley developed his work and methods as he broke away from Gill, in his decorative embellishments of cutting, in his growing predilection for lettering on slate and the combination of lettering with heraldry. Nevertheless, in the organisation of the workshop there was still a sense of dynastic inheritance. At this time he also started teaching calligraphy at Cambridge Art School, having initially gone to enrol for the course.  He had a major commission carving relief maps for the American War Cemetery and also became a consultant for film titles through his cousin Sir Arthur Elton who was in charge of film making at Shell Oil.

Kindersley was preoccupied in the 1950s and 1960s by the survival of the workshop culture in a post-war climate of industrial expansion. He was a leading figure in the Designer Craftsman Society and the Crafts Council of Great Britain. He became Chairman of the Crafts Council for a while, but stepped down because of concerns about underfunding.

Kindersley invented a system for the accurate spacing of letters, which has not seen wide adoption. Kindersley's work in this area formed the basis of an artist's project by his former assistant the calligrapher Owen Williams called Testing David. In 1952 he submitted a design, MoT Serif, to the British Ministry of Transport, which required new lettering to use on United Kingdom road signs. Although the Road Research Laboratory found Kindersley's design slightly more legible, the all-capitals design with serifs was passed over in favour of the lowercase sans-serif font Transport, designed by Jock Kinneir and Margaret Calvert, for aesthetic reasons.

Many of the street signs in the UK including streets in Cambridge, use Kindersley fonts. Among his apprentices of this period was his son Richard Kindersley, who has continued the lettering tradition from his own workshop in London since 1970.

In 1967 Kindersley moved the workshop from Barton to the 14th-century Chesterton Tower in Cambridge in 1967 and then, ten years later, to the converted infants' school in Victoria Road where his widow Lida continues to run the workshop and take on apprentices.

Kindersley was not formally religious, but  had a strongly contemplative side. He had an essentially spiritual view of the workshop and his ideas of  wholeness as the integration of home and work was a development of Gill's "cell of good living in the chaos of our world". Kindersley was deeply influenced by the writings of the Russian philosopher P. D. Ouspensky and for a time a member of the Walker Group, an Ouspenskyist self-help discussion group in London. His book Graphic Sayings also shows plates bearing sayings of the Sufi mystics from the works of the writer Idries Shah.

In January 2000 a memorial plaque designed by Kindersley's widow Lida was unveiled at Addenbrooke's Hospital, joining more than 20 other plaques and inscriptions created by the Cardozo Kindersley Workshop. The first plaque had commemorated the opening of the new hospital in 1962.

Kindersley's children by his first marriage include Peter Kindersley, co-founder of Dorling Kindersley publishers.

Kindersley's children with his last wife, Lida Lopes Cardozo Kindersley, include Hallam Jacob Cardozo Kindersley.

Publications
David Kindersley (1971). Graphic Sayings. Cambridge: Kindersley & Skelton. No ISBN.
David Kindersley (1976). Optical letter spacing for new printing systems Lund Humphries, 2nd Edition.
David Kindersley and Lida Lopes Cardozo (1981). Letters Slate Cut: workshop practice and the making of letters. London: Lund Humphries. .

See also

Eric Gill
Lida Lopes Cardozo Kindersley

References

Further reading
Lottie Hoare, "Kindersley, David Guy Barnabas (1915–1995)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
Montague Shaw, David Kindersley: His work and workshop, Cardozo Kindersley Editions, 1989
Fiona MacCarthy, ABC: David Kindersley. Cambridge: Kettle's Yard Gallery (2000).
G. W. O. Addleshaw, "Architects, Sculptors, Painters, Craftsmen 1660–1960 Whose Work is to be Seen in York Minster", Architectural History, Vol. 10 (1967).

External links

Cardozo Kindersley Workshop official website
Richard Kindersley Studio official website
BBC Feature, 2006

1915 births
1995 deaths
British typographers and type designers
Stone carvers
People educated at Marlborough College
People educated at St Cyprian's School
British graphic designers
British conscientious objectors
British letter cutters
20th-century British sculptors
British male sculptors
People from Codicote
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from South Cambridgeshire District
David
20th-century British male artists

David Kindersley


Dora Baret (born July 7, 1940) is an Argentine film, theatre and television actress. She was the female lead in Darse cuenta which won the 1984 Silver Condor Award for Best Film.

Life and work
She was born Dora Barrera in 1940 in Huerta Grande, a scenic Córdoba Province town near La Falda. Her parents, Spanish immigrants, relocated to the Floresta section of Buenos Aires when she was six, and she began attending acting school at age 14. She was a talented amateur tango dancer in her teens, and performed for bandleaders Francisco Canaro, Juan d'Arienzo and Osvaldo Pugliese, among others.

Known by then as Dora Baret, she first worked in film as an extra in La venenosa, and was offered her first film role in Hugo del Carril's 1958 drama, Una cita con la vida (A Rendezvous with Life); that year, she met her future husband, Carlos Gandolfo. Numerous other film and theatre roles followed and in 1963,  she debuted on Argentine television, given a supporting role in Narciso Ibáñez Menta's thriller series, El sátiro.

She was given an important role by period-piece master Leopoldo Torre Nilsson in his La terraza (1963), later working with directors Alejandro Doria and Alberto Migré in a number of television series. Later leading roles included those in Manuel Antín's Allá lejos y hace tiempo (Long Ago and Far Away, 1978), Carlos Orgambide's Queridas amigas (Dear Friends, 1980) and Javier Torre's historical Fiebre amarilla (Yellow Fever, 1981). Baret was reunited with director Alejandro Doria for his award-winning tragedy Darse cuenta (Realization, 1984) and in the title role of his 1987 drama set at the height of the Dirty War, Sofía. More recent, notable roles include ones in Eduardo Mignogna's 1990 bio-pic of ill-fated comedian Florencio Parravicini, Flop, and in Pablo Bardauil's existential Chile 672 (2006).

A longtime smoker, Dora Baret was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2003, and lost her husband of 55 years, fellow actor Carlos Gandolfo, in 2005. She battled her cancer successfully, however, and today directs a drama school. Baret continued to work in the theatre, and in 2007, earned a Latin ACE Award for her starring role in Luz de gas (Gas Lamp). Her two sons are also show business personalities: Matías Gandolfo became an actor, and another son is known to Argentine audiences as Emanuel the Magician.

References

1940 births
Living people
Argentine people of Spanish descent
People from Córdoba Province, Argentina
Argentine actresses
Argentine television actresses
Tango dancers

Dora Baret


Barbara [bahr-bruh, -ber-uh]is a female name used in many languages. It is the feminine form of the Greek word barbaros, which in turn represents "foreign". In Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, Barbara means barbarian or barbaric. The name remains among top 100 most popular for Chile and in Poland. The name was at #3 in the 1930s, though it has since declined. It was ranked #911 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021. There are many celebrities under the name, including Barbara Stanwyck, Barbara Pierce Bush and Barbara Bates. Barbara also got used for several hurricanes in the Atlantic and many for the Eastern Pacific.

People
 Saint Barbara
 Bárbara, Brazilian footballer
 Barbara Abart, Italian luger
 Barbara Acklin, American soul singer
 Barbara Adams, British egyptologist
 Barbra Amesbury, formerly Bill Amesbury, Canadian singer-songwriter, composer and filmmaker
 Barbara Bush, First Lady of the United States (1989–1993)
 Barbara Castle, British politician
 Barbara Kay, Canadian columnist
 Barbara Keeley, British politician
 Barbara Klerk, Belgian figure skater
 Barbara Moore, New Zealand long-distance runner
 Barbara Rafferty, Scottish actress
 Barbara Rittner, German former tennis player
 Barbara Riveros Diaz, Chilean triathlete
 Barbara Stanwyck, American actress
 Barbra Streisand, American actress and singer
 Barbara Sturgeon, British broadcaster
 Barbara Wagner, Canadian figure skater
 Barbara C. Harris,American bishop
 Barbara McClintock,American scientist and cytogeneticist
 Barbara Walters,American broadcast journalist

Places
 Barbara (region), ancient region in the Horn of Africa
 Barbara, Gaza, a former Palestinian village near Gaza
 Barbara, Marche, a town in Italy
 Santa Barbara, California, a city in Santa Barbara County, California
 Santa Barbara County, California, a county in California

Media
 Barbara, 1980 Argentine film
 Barbara, 1997 Danish film directed by Nils Malmros, based on Jacobsen's novel
 Barbara, 2012 German film
 Barbara (TV series), a British sitcom
 Barbara (album), by We Are Scientists

Science
 Barbara (genus), a genus of moths
 234 Barbara, an asteroid

References

Given names

Barbara


The Indo-Pacific is a biogeographic region of Earth. It is also known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia. It includes the waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia.

It does not include the temperate and polar regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, nor the Tropical Eastern Pacific, along the Pacific coast of the Americas, which is also a distinct marine realm. The term is used in marine biology, ichthyology, and similar fields. This is because many marine habitats are connected from Madagascar to Japan and Oceania, and a number of species occur over that range, but are not found in the Atlantic Ocean.

Subdivisions
The WWF and Nature Conservancy divide the Indo-Pacific into 3 realms.

Central Indo-Pacific
The Central Indo-Pacific is a part of the larger Indo-Pacific.

Eastern Indo-Pacific
The Eastern Indo-Pacific is another part of the Indo-Pacific.

Western Indo-Pacific
The Western Indo-Pacific is a part of the Indo-Pacific.

Criticism
Former Prime Minister of Australia Paul Keating, in a televised address at the National Press Club, criticized the notion of the Indo-Pacific as a construct of the United States in its diplomatic war with China:The United States says, well, that's all very interesting. But look, if you behave yourself, you Chinese. You can be a stakeholder in our system. And look, you wouldn't have to be Xi Jinping or anybody, to take the view of your Chinese Nationalist say, "Well, hang on, let me get this right. We are already one and a quarter times bigger than you, will soon be twice as big as you, and we may be two and a half times as big as you. But we can be a stakeholder in your system, is that it?" I mean, it'd make a cat laugh.

Related pages

 Lechon kawali
 Pacific Ocean
 Atlantic Ocean
 Southern Ocean

References

 Roberts, Callum M.; McClean, Colin J.; Veron, John E. N.; Hawkins, Julie P.; Allen, Gerald R.; McAllister, Don E.; Mittermeier, Cristina G.; Schueler, Frederick W.; Spalding, Mark; Wells, Fred; Vynne, Carly (15 February 2002). "Marine Biodiversity Hotspots and Conservation Priorities for Tropical Reefs". Science. 295 (5558):1280–1284. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.1280R. doi:10.1126/science.1067728. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11847338. S2CID 25927433.

Pacific Ocean

Indo-Pacific


Oak3D is a free JavaScript library for 3D graphics development based on the HTML5 WebGL standard, dedicated in realizing the Web3D applications with GPU acceleration for all the front-end developers in an easy and efficient way.

Developed with JavaScript, Oak3D can provide originally a cross-platform solution in Windows, Linux, Mac and Android. Without any plugin installed or downloaded, web3D applications based on Oak3D can run on all the modern internet browsers that support WebGL.

Oak3D provides a set of simple and ease-to-use API which allows web developers developing web3D application without concerning the details of 3D graphics implementation. Besides, Oak3D also provides many kinds of functional libraries, such as Math Library, Model Library, Skeletal Animation Library etc.

Oak3D additionally provides tools to convert traditional art asset to the format acceptable directly by Oak3D.

Oak3D is composed  by two layers, Oak3D Core and Oak3D Engine. The following form shows the architecture.

Oak3D Core
The "Core" layer supplies the functional wrapping to low-level WebGL API and basic functional libraries for 3D graphics development.

Developers have full flexibility in this layer, and, the "Core" interfaces can be mixed within original WebGL code. For senior users with rich computer graphics experience, they can have more control to the 3D applications on this layer.

Oak3D Engine
The "Engine" layer provides a complete 3D rendering engine built over the Oak3D Core, including 3D Scene Management, Material System, Multi-Type of Lighting, Dynamic Shadow, Skeleton Animation, Terrain and other interesting features. In this layer, developers could implement web3D application without concerning rendering details.
(Oak3D Engine is still under development for now).

Feature List

Math
Highly optimized Math Library
Vector/Matrix/Quternion
Plane
Bounding Box (AABB/OBB)
Frustom
Intersection utility

Resource
Exporting model/material/skeletal animation from 3dsMax (9 – 2012)
Exporting model from Maya (8.5 – 2012)
Loading Model/Skeletal Resource Document
Multiple file format (XML/Binary and Collada in future)
Loading non power of 2 sized texture

Shader
Loading XML-organized shader document.
Support include macro, custom shader code block, dynamic definition in shader compiling.

WebGL
Checking WebGL supportness dynamically by one single function (okIsWebGL).
Querying and enabling WebGL extensions easily (okExtension)
Querying system information and hardware capability (okEngineInfo)
WebGL API wrapper objects (object-based)

3D Utility
Model/Mesh resource management utility
Camera Utility
Material Utility
Text Utility
Generating built-in geometries

Skeletal Animation
Mesh skin
Playing skeletal animation
Multi-channel animation blend

Engine Feature (Just tell engine what to draw, don't need to know how to draw.)
Configuarble WebGL-based rendering pipeline
High-performance scene management
Support multi-scene
Support multi-viewport
Material configure
Dynamic-LOD terrain system
Complete resource loading/managing process (model/texture/skeletal animation)
No-shader Web3D application development
Dynamic lighting
Dynamic shadow
Fog
Glowing
Wireframe
Normal mapping
Alpha test
Skybox
Particle system
Multi-layered texture mapping
Video canvas in 3D scene.
Custom rendering behavior by using material script

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130905213523/http://www.oak3d.com/ archive.org, September 2012

WebGL
Web development
Graphics libraries
Cross-platform software
3D graphics APIs
Virtual reality

Oak3D


Matthew John Carter (born 22 March 1972) is a former General Secretary of the British Labour Party, and now works in the public relations and communications consultancy industry.

Early life
Born near Grimsby, Carter studied at Sheffield University and the University of York, and has a DPhil in Political History.

Carter was tutor in the Department of Politics at the University of York from 1994. He subsequently held a number of jobs in the Labour Party, including head of policy, local organiser for Teesside and Durham and regional director in South West England during the 2001 general election. As Assistant General Secretary, he set up Forethought, a policy think tank within the Party.

In 1997, Carter was a member of Labour's National Policy Forum and parliamentary candidate for the Vale of York. Matt Carter is Labour's youngest General Secretary, appointed to the job aged 31 in December 2003. He took up office on 1 January 2004 succeeding David Triesman, and announced his resignation on 6 September 2005, following the 2005 general election victory.

While General Secretary, Carter organised the legal aspects of large loans from individuals to the Labour Party that were central to the Cash for Honours political scandal, while the elected Treasurer, Jack Dromey, was not informed about them. These debts eventually mounted to £24.5 million, and were finally fully repaid in 2015.

Carter has written The People's Party: the History of the Labour Party with Tony Wright (1997) and T.H. Green and the Development of Ethical Socialism (2003).

In January 2010 Carter became CEO of B-M UK, a leading public relations and communications consultancy, part of Young & Rubicam Brands, a subsidiary of WPP. He set up and ran the Europe Middle East and Africa (EMEA) office of Penn, Schoen and Berland. In 2013 he founded Message House, a communications consultancy.

Matt Carter married Erica Moffitt in 1997 and has three children.

References

Labour Party (UK) officials
1972 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Alumni of the University of York
People from Grimsby

Matt Carter (politician)


When the Enemy Is Tired is a 1968 novel by Russell Braddon.

Plot
Colonel Anthony Russell, an officer in the Australian Army, is captured on a mission in China along with his squad of seven men. As the Chinese are excited by the possibilities of Russell defecting and broadcasting Communist propaganda, they assign Major Lim, a Chinese propaganda officer with a bitterness towards westerners – it is revealed later on that his parents were killed by a British soldier. Lim forces Russell to write his life story, in order to find out information that he will use in his efforts to brainwash him. In order to convince Russell he is serious, Lim drugs him into a sedated state, which makes Russell believe that he is witnessing the execution of his men. After it becomes clear that Russell will not broadcast and, following prompting by the Australian Government, Russell is sent back to Australia. As he leaves the plane he is intercepted by government officials and placed under arrest on suspicion of being a Communist spy. It is revealed that while he was a prisoner in China, he was subconsciously taught Russian; as a result of this, further suspicion falls on him. The book ends with the officials telling Russell to write his life story.

Characters

Colonel Anthony Russell, the book's protagonist, was incarcerated in Changi Prison in the second world war and was prompted to join the Australian Army in the 70s after the death of his son in Vietnam.

Major Lim – Officer in the Chinese Army, he claims to have been educated in Australia.

1968 Australian novels
Novels set in China
Michael Joseph books

When the Enemy Is Tired


Master or masters may refer to:

Ranks or titles
Master (college), head of a college
Master (form of address), an English honorific for boys and young men
Master (judiciary), a judicial official in the courts of common law jurisdictions
Master (naval), a former naval rank
Master (Peerage of Scotland), the male heir-apparent or heir-presumptive to a title in the Peerage of Scotland
Master mariner, a licensed mariner who is qualified to be a sea captain in the merchant marine
Master craftsman, in the Medieval guilds
Master of ceremonies, or MC (emcee), the host of an official public or private staged event or other performance
Master-at-arms, a naval police officer, often addressed as "Master" in the Royal Navy
Master's degree, a postgraduate or sometimes undergraduate degree in the specified discipline
Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, reputed to be enlightened beings originally identified by the founders of the Theosophical Society
Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans
Grandmaster (chess), National Master, International Master, FIDE Master, Candidate Master, all ranks of chess player
Grandmaster (martial arts) or Master, an honorary title
Grand master (order), a title denoting the head of an order or knighthood
Grand Master (Freemasonry), the head of a Grand Lodge and the highest rank of a Masonic organization
Maestro, an orchestral conductor, or the master within some other musical discipline
Master or shipmaster, the sea captain of a merchant vessel
Old Master, a term for a recognised Western painter active before circa 1800
Station master, formerly the person in charge of railway stations
Worshipful Master, the senior Masonic lodge officer
Schoolmaster or master, presiding officer of a school
Slave owner, an owner of victims of slavery

Aircraft and vehicles
Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master, an Italian military transonic trainer aircraft
Miles Master, a British 2-seat training aircraft during the Second World War
Renault Master, a van

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters
Master (Manos), the head villain in the horror movie Manos: The Hands of Fate
Masters (The Tripods), a fictional race of beings in John Christopher's The Tripods trilogy
Master (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), a recurring villain in the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Master (Master and Margarita), a character from the Mikhail Bulgakov novel
The Master (Doctor Who), a recurring villain in the science fiction television series Doctor Who
The Master (The Doctor Who Role Playing Game), a supplement  for The Doctor Who Role-playing Game about The Doctor's nemesis
The Master (Fallout), a character in the 1997 video game Fallout
The Master, a nickname for Ancient One (Marvel Comics)
The Master, the player's character in the Nintendo game series ActRaiser
The Master, an optional three-time boss Toad Sensei in Paper Mario
The Master, a title character in the novel The Master and Margarita
The Master, the main (and mostly absent) villain from Power Rangers Mystic Force
The Master, a character from the Adult Swim television series The Venture Bros.
The Master, character in the manga series Uzaki-chan Wants to Hang Out!

Films
Master (1997 film), an Indian Telugu-language film
Master (2016 film), a South Korean film
Master (2021 film), an Indian Tamil-language film
Master (2022 film), an American film
The Master (1980 film), a Hong Kong film
The Master (1992 film), a Hong Kong film
The Master (2005 film), a Polish film
The Master (2009 film), a Turkish film
The Master (2012 film), an American film
The Master (2015 film), a Chinese film
The Master (2016 film), a computer-animated Lego short
Masters (film), a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language film

Literature
 The Master (novel), a 2004 novel by Colm Tóibín
 The Masters, a 1951 novel in the Strangers and Brothers sequence by C. P. Snow
 The Master: An Adventure Story, a 1957 science fiction novel for children by T. H. White
 The Master of Go, a 1951 novel by Yasunari Kawabata
 The Master, an 1895 best-selling novel by Israel Zangwill
 The Master, a 2021 biography of Roger Federer by Christopher Clarey

Music and audio

 Mastering (audio), a process resulting in a master recording, also known as a master, master copy, or master tape
 Musicians and bands
 Master (American band), a Czech-American death metal band
 Master, their 1990 album
 Master (Russian band), a Russian thrash metal band
 Master, their 1987 album
 Bojan Adamič (1912–1995), known as Master, Slovene composer of jazz, song festival and film music
 Albums (by date)
 The Master (1961–1984), a box set album by Marvin Gaye
 The Master... (Pepper Adams album) (1980)
 The Master (Stan Getz album), recorded 1975, released 1982
 The Master (Jimmy Raney album) (1983)
 The Masters, a 1998 compilation album by The Stranglers
 The Master (Rakim album) (1999)
 Master, a popular designation for Yeah Yeah Yeahs (EP), a 2001 record by Yeah Yeah Yeahs
 The Master, a 2010 box set by Ravi Shankar
 Songs
 Master Song, a song on the album Songs of Leonard Cohen
 Audio dramas
 Master (audio drama), in the Doctor Who series (2003)
 Film soundtracks
 Master (soundtrack), 2020 soundtrack album to the 2021 Tamil-language film Master
 Master (score), 2021 film score to the 2021 Tamil-language film Master

Television and film
The Master (U.S. TV series), a 1984 American television series starring Lee Van Cleef that aired on NBC
The Master (Australian game show), a 2006 Australian quiz show that aired on Seven Network
The Master (Indonesian TV series), a 2009 Indonesian magic show television series

People
Masami Hirosaka (born 1966), known as Master Masami, Japanese radio-controlled racer
King Curtis Iaukea (1937–2010), wrestler, ring name The Master
Men Nguyen (born 1954), Vietnamese-American poker player nicknamed "The Master"

Places
Master, Iran, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
Masters, Colorado, USA; a ghost town in the United States

Schools
Master's Academy & College, Canadian school in Calgary, Alberta
Masters School, an American independent school in New York
 Master's Degree, a type of post-graduate education received at a graduate school, for obtaining Cycle II Tertiary Education

Sport

Golf
Masters Tournament, known as The Masters, one of the four men's major championships
Australian Masters, a golf tournament held in Australia
British Masters, a golf tournament held in the United Kingdom
South African Masters, a golf tournament held in South Africa

Tennis
ATP World Tour Finals, the season-ending tournament on the ATP tour known in the past as The Masters (derived from 'Masters Grand Prix' and subsequently 'Tennis Masters Cup')
ATP World Tour Masters 1000, a series of top tier men's tennis tournaments on the ATP tour calendar

Other sports
Senior sport, a competition age classification used by many sports for older athletes
Masters athletics, competition in the sport of athletics by older athletes
Masters cycling, competition in cycling by older athletes
Masters Football, six-a-side indoor football competition in UK for older athletes
Masters Rugby League, a derivative of rugby league for semi-retired and non-competitive players and officials
Masters swimming, competition in swimming by older athletes
Masters (curling), an annual Grand Slam of Curling event
Masters Cup (disc golf), an annual event on the disc golf PDGA tour
Masters (darts), a darts tournament in the Professional Darts Corporation
Masters (snooker), professional invitational snooker tournament
World Masters (darts), professional darts tournament

Other uses
MASTER, a Russian network of telescopes
Master (software), pseudonym AlphaGo, artificial intelligence Computer Go program
Master Lock, a brand of padlock
Master recording, the original of a visual or sound recording
Master/slave (BDSM), consensual role-playing in a sexual relationship
Master/slave (technology), a model of communication
Masters Home Improvement, an Australian Home Improvement Retailer
Master System, an 8-bit cartridge-based video game console

See also

Grandmaster (disambiguation)
Maestro (disambiguation)
Master/Slave (disambiguation)
Master of the Universe (disambiguation)
Masters (surname)
Meister (surname)
Metal Master (disambiguation)
Miss (disambiguation)
Mister (disambiguation)
Mistress (disambiguation)

Marsters (surname)
Standard (metrology), a master reference for measurement

Master


The Eastlink Centre (formerly known as the Charlottetown Civic Centre) is a combined hockey/basketball arena and trade and convention facility located in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

History
The facility's original name was the Charlottetown Civic Centre (1989–2013). It was built in 1989–1990 and opened in the fall of 1990 as the principal venue for the 1991 Canada Winter Games which Prince Edward Island hosted in February 1991.

The facility's location was the subject of significant controversy during its planning stages as various sites were being considered within the City of Charlottetown and surrounding communities; Charlottetown having argued that as host city for the games, the facility should be located on land within its boundaries. It was eventually decided by the games organizing committee and the federal and provincial governments to build the arena as part of a larger redevelopment of the Provincial Exhibition grounds in the neighbouring town of Parkdale (which amalgamated into Charlottetown in 1996).

The 3,200 seat capacity arena was to be built on the southern side of the Charlottetown Driving Park (a harness racing track) and adjoining Kennedy Coliseum (an agricultural show facility), which would be renovated into a multi-use exhibition hall. Following construction there were many complaints from patrons and tenants of the arena, citing wasted space and the lack of seating down to the boards.

Following the 1991 Canada Winter Games, the Charlottetown Civic Centre and its arena became the responsibility of the City of Charlottetown (despite being located outside city limits until municipal amalgamation in 1996). In 2003, following extended complaints from patrons and tenants, the arena's seating was redesigned and expanded with additional seating placed down to the glass in several locations, as well as "luxury boxes" or sky boxes. The current capacity of the arena is 3,718 (3,690 seated).

On September 13, 2013, Charlottetown City Council announced that the facility was being renamed the Eastlink Centre after selling the naming rights for an undetermined period of time to the telecommunications company Eastlink.

Tenants
The facility has been the home rink of the Charlottetown Islanders, formerly the PEI Rocket, of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League since the team relocated from Montreal in 2003.

Since 2013, the Eastlink Centre has been the home of the Island Storm of the National Basketball League of Canada.

From 1993 to 1996, the facility was the home of the American Hockey League's Prince Edward Island Senators.

From 1990 to 2003, the facility was also home to the Charlottetown Abbies of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League, as well as the University of Prince Edward Island "Panthers" men's hockey team of the Atlantic Universities Athletic Association (now Atlantic University Sport). Both of these teams were former tenants of the Charlottetown Forum, a facility which was closed following the civic centre's opening in 1990. Both teams moved in the fall of 2003 to the newly built MacLauchlan Arena on the University of Prince Edward Island campus.

Until the 2008 opening of the Consolidated Credit Union Place located in Summerside, the facility was the largest indoor public sports facility in the province. It has also hosted a number of concerts, trade shows, wrestling shows and tournaments such as the 1999 Scott Tournament of Hearts, 2003 Royal Bank Cup, and 2006 Telus Cup. The facility also hosted the 2006 Quebec Major Junior Hockey League draft.

In 2011, the facility hosted the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts from February 19 to 27.

Concerts
The facility has hosted numerous concerts over the years, including The Tragically Hip, Bryan Adams, The Guess Who, Willie Nelson, The White Stripes, George Jones, and Girlicious on their first tour. On November 3, 2009, magician David Copperfield performed there. Stompin' Tom Connors was the first to play there.

External links

Buildings and structures in Charlottetown
Sports venues completed in 1990
Sports venues in Prince Edward Island
Sport in Charlottetown
Indoor arenas in Prince Edward Island
Indoor ice hockey venues in Canada
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League arenas
Music venues in Prince Edward Island
1990 establishments in Prince Edward Island

Eastlink Centre


Dragoş Vodă Cernăuţi (Chernivtsi) is a football club from Chernivtsi, Ukraine founded in 1909. During the club's history, it was founded in Austria-Hungarian Empire, then it was transferred to Romania and then to Ukraine, where it would eventually dissolve in 1946.  The name "Dragoş Vodă" came from Dragoș, the first Voivode of Moldavia.

History

Dragoş Vodă Cernăuţi was founded Rumänischer Fußballklub Czernowitz (RFK Chernowitz). At the time, Cernăuţi belonged to the Austria-Hungarian Empire. In 1919, the club's name was changed to Dragoș Vodă Cernăuţi based on Dragoș, the legendary founder of the Principality of Moldova in 1352. Dragoş Vodă Cernăuţi represented the Romanian community in the city, the other ethnicities that were represented were the Germans (Jahn Cernăuți), Jews (Maccabi Cernăuți and Hakoah Cernăuți), Polish (Polonia Cernăuți), Ukrainians (Dovbuș Cernăuți).

It became the Regional Champions of Bukovina in the seasons of 1929, 1930 and 1938.

The club played in the Romanian Soccer Championship from 1928–29 and 1929–30.
In 1932, a new format of Divizia A was introduced and Dragoş Vodă Cernăuţi has since been the only team from Chernivtsi to have played in this division (1937–38), before eventually getting relegated.

Performances
Liga I:
 Semi-final (1) : 1928–29

Dragoş Vodă Cernăuţi is the only team from outside Romania's present day territory to play in the First League of Romania in the division format.

References

External links
 Ukrsoccerhistory.com
 Kopanyi-myach.info

Defunct football clubs in Romania
Sport in Chernivtsi

Dragoș Vodă Cernăuți


The Société géologique de France (SGF) is a French learned society founded on 17 March 1830. As of 2006, it counts 1,200 members.

History
At its creation, its statutes indicate is to "compete for the advancement of Earth Sciences and Planets, both in itself and in its relations with industry, agriculture, environment And Education".
At that time, geology was mainly undertaken in France under the aegis of the Corps des Mines and the Academy of Sciences. In August 1830 the company was presented to the new King who had arrived on the road after the revolution of July 1830. Constant Prévost in this presentation on the freedom of action and thought of the members of the society "Sire, to become flourishing, the sciences need freedom". This liberty is not sought with regard to political power, nor to other scientific institutions, particularly the Academy of Sciences and the General Secretariat Georges Cuvier, but Cuvier's too fixative views are incapable of development, Study of Lamarck's ideas. SGF is recognized as a public utility on April 3, 182.Publications in 1830 the Society began publishing the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. In 2017 the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France converted to become a fully open access journal. The Society is a member of the European Federation of Geologists.

The Society also publishes Géologues, Géochronique, Mémoires Nouvelle Série (Memoirs), and Mémoires Hors Série (Occasional Papers)

References

External links

1830 establishments in France
Scientific organizations established in 1830
Learned societies of France

Société géologique de France


Ni Gusti Ayu Raka Rasmi (March 10, 1939 – March 17, 2018), also known as Raka Rasmi, was a Balinese dancer who introduced the stylized art of Balinese dance to the world. She was the youngest member of the Balinese dance troupe, the Bali Dancers, that was the first to perform in the United States in 1952.

Rasmi began her career in 1951 as part of the Sekaha Gong Peliatan. She was then discovered by John Coast, former English Diplomat, who formed the Balinese dance group.

Rasmi became the first to dance the Oleg Tamulilingan, or the Bumblebee, a then controversial dance in which male and female dancers circle each other.

In 2005 she was part of an award-winning festival performance that brought together veteran local dancers with emerging artists.

References

Indonesian female dancers
Balinese people
1939 births
2018 deaths
20th-century dancers
21st-century dancers

Raka Rasmi


The Bank of Nova Scotia (), operating as Scotiabank (), is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. One of Canada's Big Five banks, it is the third-largest Canadian bank by deposits and market capitalization. It serves more than 25 million customers around the world and offers a range of products and services including personal and commercial banking, wealth management, corporate and investment banking. With more than 92,001 employees and assets of Can$1,136 billion (according to 2020 annual report), Scotiabank trades on the Toronto () and New York () exchanges. The Scotiabank swift code is NOSCCATT and the institution number is 002.

Scotiabank was founded in 1832 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where it was headquartered until relocating to Toronto in 1900. Scotiabank has billed itself as "Canada's most international bank" due to its acquisitions primarily in Latin America and the Caribbean, and also in Europe and parts of Asia. Scotiabank is a member of the London Bullion Market Association and one of fifteen accredited institutions which participate in the London gold fixing. From 1997 to 2019, this was conducted through its precious metals division ScotiaMocatta.

Scotiabank's president and CEO Brian J. Porter announced his retirement to be effective January 31, 2023, and Scott Thompson was named as his replacement.

History

19th century

The bank was incorporated by the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia on March 30, 1832, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, with William Lawson serving as the first president. Scotiabank was founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1832 under the name of The Bank of Nova Scotia. The bank intended to facilitate the trans-Atlantic trade of the time. Later, in 1883, the Bank of Nova Scotia acquired the Union Bank of Prince Edward Island, although most of the bank's expansion efforts in the century took the form of branch openings.

The bank launched its branch banking system by opening in Windsor, Nova Scotia. The expansion was limited to the Maritimes until 1882, when the bank moved west by opening a branch in Winnipeg, which later closed, but the bank continued to expand into the American Midwest. This included opening a branch in Minneapolis in 1885, which later transferred to Chicago in 1892. Following the collapse of the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland and Union Bank of Newfoundland on December 10, 1894, the Bank of Nova Scotia established on December 15, 1894, in Newfoundland.

The bank opened a branch in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1889 to facilitate the trading of sugar, rum, and fish. This was Scotiabank's first move into the Caribbean and historically the first branch of a Canadian bank to open outside of the United States or the United Kingdom. In 1899, Scotiabank opened a branch in Boston, Massachusetts. By the end of the 19th century, the bank was represented in all of the Maritimes, Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba. In 1900, the bank moved its headquarters to Toronto, Ontario.

20th century

The bank continued to grow with the opening of new branches in the early 20th century. In 1906, the Bank of Nova Scotia opened a branch in Havana, Cuba, followed by a branch in New York City in the following year. In 1910, the bank opened a branch in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The bank also grew with the merger and acquisition of other banks, including the Bank of New Brunswick in 1913, and the Toronto-based Metropolitan Bank in 1914. The acquisition of Metropolitan Bank made the Bank of Nova Scotia the fourth largest financial institution in Canada at that time. In 1919, the bank amalgamated with the Bank of Ottawa.

In 1919, the bank opened a branch in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. In the following year, the bank opened a branch in London, and another in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The bank also saw growth in Cuba, with five branches in Havana, and one branch each in Camagüey, Cienfuegos, Manzanillo, and Santiago de Cuba by 1931.

During the mid-20th century, the bank grew not only in size but also in breadth of products and services. Progress was conditioned by changing consumer needs, legal changes, or acquisitions of external service providers. Major changes include: Following the passage of the National Housing Act, the Bank of Nova Scotia created a mortgage department in 1954. Further changes to the Bank Act of 1954 in 1958 led to the bank introducing its consumer credit program.

The bank's branches in Cuba continued to operate until 1960, when the Government of Cuba nationalized all banks in Cuba, and the Bank of Nova Scotia withdrew its services from all eight branches. During the 1960s, the Bank of Nova Scotia became the first Canadian bank to appoint women as bank managers, with the first appointed on September 11, 1961. In the next year, the bank expanded into Asia with the opening of a Representative Office in Japan.

In 1975, the Bank of Nova Scotia adopted Scotiabank as its worldwide brand name. On September 28, 1978, Scotiabank and Canadian Union of Public Employees signed a collective agreement in Toronto, making Scotiabank the first Canadian bank to sign a collective agreement with a union.

In 1986, Scotiabank created Scotia Securities to provide discount brokerage and security underwriting services. The late 1980s and 1990s saw the bank acquire several firms, including McLeod Young Weir Ltd brokerage firm (co-founded by Donald Ivan McLeod, William Ewart Young, James Gordon Weir and John Henry (Harry) Ratcliffe in 1921) in 1988, and Montreal Trustco Inc. in 1994. In 1997, the bank acquired National Trust Company for Can$1.25 billion. In the same year, Scotiabank acquired Banco Quilmes in Argentina.

21st century
In 2000, Scotiabank increased its stake in Mexican bank Grupo Financiero Inverlat to 55 percent. The Mexican bank was subsequently renamed to Grupo Financiero Scotiabank Inverlat. Scotiabank later acquired Inverlat banking house in 2003, taking over all of its branches and establishing a strong presence in the country.

In 2002, Scotiabank shut its branches (formerly Banco Quilmes) in Argentina during the currency crisis and massive sovereign default. In the following year, Scotiabank's Guangzhou branch was awarded the first licence to a Canadian bank by the Chinese government to deal in Chinese currency. In 2007, Scotiabank acquired a 24.98 per cent stake in Thanachart Bank, with that share later increasing to 48.99 per cent by December 2014. With the acquisition of Siam City Bank, Thanachart Bank is now the 6th largest bank (by assets) in Thailand with over 16,000 staff serving more than four million customers through 680 branches and 2,100 ATMs across the country.

In 2010, the bank opened its first offices in Bogotá, Colombia. On October 20, 2011, Scotiabank acquired a 51 per cent stake in , Colombia's fifth largest bank and second largest issuer of credit cards, for $1 billion Canadian in cash and stock (10 million shares). It is the second largest foreign transaction ever by a Canadian financial company overseas, behind Royal Bank of Canada's purchase in Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago.

In 2012, Scotiabank entered into an agreement to acquire ING Direct Bank of Canada from ING Groep N.V. Two years later, Scotiabank would acquire ING Direct Bank of Canada for Can$3.13 billion. The sale completed on November 15, 2012, and ING Bank of Canada was later renamed it Tangerine in April 2014.

As a result of the FATCA agreement between Canada and the United States, signed between the two countries in 2014, Scotiabank has also spent almost $100 million implementing a controversial system to report to the United States the account holdings of close to one million Canadians of American origin and their Canadian-born spouses. Scotiabank has been forced to implement this system in order to comply with FATCA. According to Financial Post, FATCA requires Canadian banks to provide information to the United States including total assets, account balances, account numbers, transactions, account numbers, and other personal identifying information, as well as assets held jointly with Canadian-born spouses and other family members.

On July 14, 2015, Scotiabank announced that it would buy Citigroup's retail and commercial banking operations in Panama and Costa Rica. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed. The purchase would increase Scotiabank's client base in both countries from 137,000 to 387,000, and would add 27 branches to the existing 51 branches in both Central American nations.

Scotiabank's former President, CEO and Chairman Cedric Ritchie died on March 20, 2016. He was a President of Scotiabank from 1972, and CEO and Chairman from 1974 to 1995. Under his leadership, Scotiabank expanded into more than 40 countries and grew to 33,000 employees.

In 2017, Scotiabank join Enterprise Ethereum Alliance.

In 2018, Scotiabank acquired Montreal investment firm Jarislowsky Fraser, also in 2018 Scotiabank completed the acquisition of a 68.19 per cent stake in BBVA Chile for Can$2.9 billion, as a result BBVA Chile was merged into Scotiabank Chile. On February 21, 2019, the Prosecutor in the Central American country of Costa Rica raided Scotiabank's offices in San José, Costa Rica, claiming that the bank had failed to provide the government with information on accounts and deposits that could allegedly implicate Alejandro Toledo, the former president of Peru, in money laundering. Later that year, in June 2019 it was announced that OFG Bancorp would acquire all branches of Scotiabank within Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands territories as part of a $550 million cash deal.

In 2019, Scotiabank underwent a rebranding, modifying its wordmark logo and introducing a new corporate font based on its design, downplaying the company's S and globe monogram, and increasing use of the abbreviated name "Scotia".

Acquisitions and mergers
The bank has amalgamated with several other Canadian financial institutions through the years and purchased several other banks overseas. Most have been rebranded since their acquisition, although a few continue to utilize their former names. Several branches of the former Montreal Trust and National Trust were rebranded Scotiabank & Trust, and continue to operate as such.

Operating units
Scotiabank has four business lines:
 Canadian Banking provides financial advice and banking to personal and business customers across Canada. Scotiabank also provides an alternative self-directed banking method through Tangerine Bank.
 International Banking provides financial products and advice to retail and commercial customers in select regions outside of Canada, supplemented by additional products and services offered by Global Banking & Markets and Global Wealth & Insurance.
 Global Wealth & Insurance (GWI) combines the Bank's wealth management and insurance operations in Canada and internationally, and Global Transaction Banking. GWI is diversified across geographies and product lines.
 Global Banking & Markets, Scotiabank's wholesale banking and capital markets arm, offers various products and services to corporate, government and institutional investor clients globally.

Branch and office locations

Canadian

Scotiabank operates branches in all Canadian provinces and territories, except for Nunavut.

Global

Sponsorship

Sports

Scotiabank is the title sponsor for a number of sports events including the Calgary Marathon, the CONCACAF Champions League tournament (since 2015), and the Jewish National Fund's "Pitch for Israel" event. Scotiabank is also the title sponsor for running events that form a part of the Canada Running Series. They include Banque Scotia 21k de Montreal + 10k & 5k in April; Scotiabank Vancouver Half-Marathon & 5k Run/Walk in June; Scotiabank Toronto Waterfront Marathon, Half-Marathon & 5k in October; and the Scotiabank Bluenose Marathon. Since 2005, Scotiabank has also been the title sponsor of the CFL playoffs semi-final and conference final games, with games titled as the Scotiabank East Semi-finals and Scotiabank West Semi-finals. This is in addition to being the official financial services provider to the Canadian Football League. Scotiabank was also a primary sponsor for Champion Boxer Miguel Cotto during his 2009 bout with Manny Pacquiao.

Scotiabank also sponsors sports leagues and teams, becoming a sponsor for Club Deportivo Guadalajara in 2013, and becoming the official sponsor for the Chilean Primera División after signing a five-year period contract in 2014. Scotiabank is also the official bank of the National Hockey League and National Hockey League Players' Association. It was named official bank of the 2007 Cricket World Cup. In 2010, Scotiabank was a sponsor of the World Rally Championship's Corona Rally Mexico. Since 2008, Scotiabank has been the official team sponsor of the Canadian cricket Team and the title sponsor of National T20 Championship in Canada.
Scotiabank is also the official bank of the West Indies cricket team.
Scotiabank is also the title sponsor for a number of athletic facilities. They include the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in Guadalajara; Scotiabank Saddledome in Calgary (since October 8, 2010); and the Scotiabank Centre in Halifax (since June 25, 2014). The naming rights for the Scotiabank Centre was signed for ten years, with annual fees of $650,000 for said rights. The facility officially opened its doors as the rebranded Scotiabank Centre on September 19, 2014. On August 29, 2017, Scotiabank and Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, announced that Scotiabank purchased the naming rights to the Air Canada Centre for $800 million. The multi-sport complex was renamed July 1, 2018, as Scotiabank Arena. From 2006 through 2013, Scotiabank held the naming rights to the arena of the Ottawa Senators, branding it Scotiabank Place. Canadian Tire took over the naming rights for the Senators' arena in June 2013. In 2022, Scotiabank acquired the naming rights to the Bell MTS Iceplex near Winnipeg; rather than use the Scotiabank name, the facility is instead branded as Hockey for All Centre, as an extension of a diversity and inclusion campaign of the same name.

Culture
Scotiabank has been a title sponsor for a number of cultural events and institutions in Canada. In 2005, Scotiabank became title sponsor of the Giller Prize. From 2006 to 2015, Scotiabank was the title sponsor for the Nuit Blanche event in Toronto. In 2008, Scotiabank announced a two-year sponsorship of Toronto's Caribana which would be rebranded as Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival Toronto. The sponsorship of the Caribbean festival was extended until 2015, when the partnership with the festival ended. In 2016 Scotiabank held its first hackathon with the goal of solving Canadian debt.

Scotiabank and Canadian theatre operator Cineplex Entertainment partnered in 2007 to create a loyalty rewards program called Scene+. The program allows patrons to sign up for a special card that grants them points which can be redeemed for free movies or concession discounts. Scotiabank customers can also request a debit card which gives them points when used, and a Visa credit card was launched in early May. Five Cineplex Entertainment locations were also rebranded as "Scotiabank Theatres." In 2015, the two companies announced they extended the partnership through October 31, 2025, and would expand naming rebrand another five theatres as Scotiabank Theatres. On December 14, 2021, the new Scene+ program was launched.  It merged Scene and Scotia Rewards points.

Scotiabank is also the title sponsor for two post-secondary facilities in Canada, including Scotiabank Hall at Brock University in St. Catharines; and Scotiabank Hall in the Marion McCain Arts and Social Sciences Building at Dalhousie University in Halifax. Scotiabank has also established an industry partnership with the University of Waterloo Stratford Campus.

Awards
 2005 – "Bank of the Year" – For Mexico, the Caribbean and in Jamaica by LatinFinance.
 2007 – "Bank of the Year" The Banker – London England, Scotiabank Trinidad and Tobago, Scotiabank Belize, Scotiabank Turks and Caicos
 2008 – "Bank of the Year" The Banker – London England, Scotiabank Barbados, Scotiabank Trinidad and Tobago, Scotiabank Guyana, Scotiabank Turks and Caicos
 2009 – "Bank of the Year" The Banker – London England, Scotiabank Canada, Scotiabank Barbados, Scotiabank Dominican Republic, Scotiabank Trinidad and Tobago, Scotiabank Turks and Caicos
 2010 – "Bank of the Year" The Banker – London England, Scotiabank Barbados, Scotiabank Trinidad and Tobago, Scotiabank Turks and Caicos
 2011 – "Best Emerging Market Bank" Global Finance Magazine – New York, Scotiabank Jamaica, Scotiabank Barbados, Scotiabank Costa Rica, Scotiabank Turks and Caicos.
 2012 - "Global Bank of the Year" The Banker "Bank of the Year" for the Americas, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Canada and Turks and Caicos.
 2013 – "Bank of the Year" in British Virgin Islands, Canada, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago by The Banker.
 2014 – "Best Emerging Market Bank in Latin America" Global Finance Magazine in Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks and Caicos and U.S. Virgin Islands.

Controversies

Major investor in UN-blacklisted Israeli bank and arms manufacturer
Scotiabank is the largest foreign investor of the Israeli weapon manufacturer Elbit ; this came under scrutiny in 2022 from human rights groups. It is also heavily invested in a UNHRC-blacklisted Israeli bank Mizrahi Tefahot Bank , which invests in illegal settlements in Palestinian Territories. Elbit also provides surveillance system in the West Bank, and has a spying-tool division that is invloved in spying on journalists Elbit Systems#Spyware.

Scotiabank's Dynamic Fund holds 5 per cent of Elbit, valued at about US$440 million. These investments raises major concerns, for the following reasons:

 The investments in UN blacklisted bank and arms manufacturer go against Scotiabank's own ESG rules
 The Dynamic Global Discovery Fund is investing about 12% in just two companies (one UN-blacklisted): excessive and speculative for two smallcap companies
 The fund does not mention in its filings that it is highly speculative, due to fact that its 12% stake are a UN-blacklisted company and a controversial arm manufacturer

Fraud in Mexico
A 2001 investigation into the murder of Maru Oropesa, a Scotiabank branch manager in Mexico City, revealed US$14 million missing from the branch. Initially, investigators found that Oropesa and Jaime Ross, her former boss, had illegally transferred US$5 million from client investment accounts. The money was eventually transferred to the United States where it was used to purchase three aircraft. As the investigation continued, officials found an additional $9 million missing and involvement of 16 other bank employees in the fraud. Ross was convicted of fraud and money laundering for his role and sentenced to 15 years.  Scotiabank terminated the other 16 employees, but did not prosecute them.

Unpaid overtime lawsuit
In 2014, the bank reached a settlement in a class-action lawsuit that covered thousands of workers owed more than a decade of unpaid overtime. The lawsuit included 16,000 Scotiabank employees across Canada who worked as personal banking officers, senior personal banking officers, financial advisors, and small business account managers from January 1, 2000, to December 1, 2013. The 2007 lawsuit was similar to a class-action filed by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) bank teller Dara Fresco of Toronto.

Under terms of the settlement, employees received 1.5 times their standard wage at the time, but no interest. Scotiabank also paid legal fees of $10.45 million.

Wrongful dismissal lawsuit
In June 2005, David Berry, a very successful Canadian Scotiabank trader who had built a $75 million/year business in trading preferred shares, was fired on the grounds that he had committed securities regulatory violations. At the time, as part of a 20 per cent direct drive deal, he was making more than double the CEO's salary and Scotiabank management had already taken steps to limit his compensation. The regulatory violation allegations from his former employer, left him unemployable to Scotiabank's competitors despite the appeal of potentially adding more than $75 million/year to their equity trading profits.

Documents delivered to the media showing that Scotiabank management had sought advice on terminating Berry prior to the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC) violation accusation, and the results of questioning during the IIROC inquiries strongly suggest that the securities charges were part of a plan by Scotiabank senior management to remove Berry from his position and simultaneously prevent him from becoming their competitor.

In a ruling on January 15, 2013, more than seven years after the initial accusation, a hearing panel of the IIROC dismissed all charges against Berry.

David Berry filed a $100 million wrongful dismissal lawsuit against Scotiabank. As of January 2015, and nine years after Berry was terminated, Scotiabank settled with Berry for an undisclosed amount. Barry Critchley, who followed the story since its beginning, wrote an article on November 6, 2014, in which he believes Scotiabank's $55 million reported legal charges would likely be connected to the $100 million lawsuit; but it is unlikely to ever be known.

Closing political activists' accounts
In August 2022, the bank closed the account of an Alberta resident for submitting a complaint about the "rainbow" imagery on the bank's mobile app during Pride Month. The closure email stated "[your comments will not] be tolerated which is why we have chosen to terminate our relationship" as the reason for the closure.

In January 2023, the bank closed the account of political activist Jeremy MacKenzie with no reason given and no appeal process. A bank representative stated "The bank determined that this relationship is outside of its risk appetite" as the reason for the account closure.

Membership
Scotiabank is a member of the Canadian Bankers Association (CBA) and registered member with the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC), a federal agency insuring deposits at all of Canada's chartered banks. It is also a member of the Global ATM Alliance, a joint venture of several major international banks that allows customers of the banks to use their ATM cards or check cards at certain other banks within the Global ATM Alliance without fees when traveling internationally. Other participating banks are Barclays (United Kingdom), Bank of America (United States), BNP Paribas (France and Ukraine through UkrSibbank), Deutsche Bank (Germany), and Westpac (Australia and New Zealand). Other international associations of which the bank is a member include:

 Amex in Canadian markets
 CarIFS ATM Network
 Global ATM Alliance
 Interac
 MAGNA Rewards as part of the Scotiabank MAGNA MasterCard.
 MasterCard in the Caribbean markets
 MultiLink Network ATM network
 NYCE ATM Network
 Plus Network for VISA card users
 VISA International
 UNEPFI as part of the Net Zero Banking Alliance initiative

See also

 Big Five banks of Canada
 List of largest banks
 List of banks and credit unions in Canada
 List of banks in the Americas
 Scotia
 Scotia Place
 Scotia Plaza
 ScotiaLife Financial
 Scottish-Canadian
 Scotiabank Arena
 Scotiabank Centre
 Scotiabank Saddledome
 John P. Webster

References

Further reading
Bank of Nova Scotia. 1932. The Bank of Nova Scotia, 1832–1932. Halifax: Bank of Nova Scotia.
The Scotiabank Story: A History of the Bank of Nova Scotia, 1832–1982. by Joseph Schull

External links

 Archival papers of Gilbert Edward Jackson, the first economist for The Bank of Nova Scotia (1926–1935), are held at the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Banks of Canada
Canadian brands
Companies based in Toronto
S&P/TSX 60
Banks of the Caribbean
Banks established in 1832
1832 establishments in Nova Scotia
Mortgage lenders of Canada
Banks of Puerto Rico
Multinational companies headquartered in Canada
Canadian companies established in 1832
Primary dealers

Scotiabank


Founded in 2006, the Liga Atlântica de Basebol (Atlantic Baseball League) (LAB) is an active baseball league that operates in the cities of Aveiro, Coimbra, Esposende, Gondomar, Maia, Porto and Vila do Conde. It is the most prolific, organized, and structured baseball league in Portugal currently, and functions as close to professional league baseball as is possible in the country today.

The LAB consists of seven active baseball teams.

Esposende Raptors
Villas Vikings
Porto Buffalos Baseball Club
Inter Baseball da Maia (Formerly "Lycans")
Gondomar-Paredes Highlanders
University of Aveiro
Academica Coimbra

The League's 24-game regular season runs from April to July (pre-season in February and March), and a playoff between the top four teams at the end of the regular season. The league also holds an All Star Game at the end of the regular season, with players being voted in by fans. The All Star game day also features a Home Run Derby for selected LAB players.

LAB Champions:

 2011 – Aveiro
 2012 – Lycans
 2013 – Aveiro
 2014 - Inter Baseball
 2015 - Aveiro

See also

References

External links
 Official Site of the Portuguese Baseball Federation

Baseball in Portugal
Baseball leagues in Europe
Sports leagues established in 2006
Professional sports leagues in Portugal

Portuguese Atlantic Baseball League


Ayşe Arzu Şahin is a Turkish-American mathematician who works in dynamical systems. She was appointed the Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics at Wright State University in June 2020, and is a co-author of two textbooks on calculus and dynamical systems.

Education and career
Şahin graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1988. She completed her Ph.D. in 1994 at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her dissertation, Tiling Representations of  Actions and -Equivalence in Two Dimensions, was supervised by Daniel Rudolph.

She joined the mathematics faculty at North Dakota State University, where she worked from 1994 until 2001, when she moved to DePaul University. At DePaul, she became a full professor in 2010, and co-directed a master's program in Middle School Mathematics. She moved again to Wright State as Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Wright State in 2015.

Books
In 2017, with Kathleen Madden and Aimee Johnson, Şahin published the textbook Discovering Discrete Dynamical Systems through the Mathematical Association of America. She is also a co-author of Calculus: Single and Multivariable (7th ed., Wiley, 2016), a text whose many other co-authors include Deborah Hughes Hallett, William G. McCallum, and Andrew M. Gleason.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
Turkish mathematicians
American people of Turkish descent
Dynamical systems theorists
Mount Holyoke College alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
North Dakota State University faculty
DePaul University faculty
Wright State University faculty
20th-century women mathematicians
21st-century women mathematicians
20th-century American women
21st-century American women

Ayşe Şahin


Modern Saudi theatre traces its beginnings with the foundation of the current Saudi Arabia state. However, the Hijaz play in Medina was established during the Turkish Ottoman era; it is a popular theatre, frequently including dance and Arabic poetry. Theatre activities are still popular today in the kingdom. Saudi theatre has
existed in and been produced by several establishments such as schools, universities, governmental sectors, and private sectors.

History
The history of theatrical activities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia dates back to 1928 when the first play entitled "Dialogue between the ignorant and uneducated" was performed in Qassim in front of King Abdulaziz. Theatrical activities were also very active during the Ottoman in Hijaz. The Ministry of Culture and Information is one of several organizations that have been established throughout the country to preserve and sponsor Saudi theater. The Saudi Arabian Society for Culture and Arts, The King Fahd Cultural Center, and King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture also sponsor Saudi theater activities in the kingdom.

Venues
There are several theaters in the kingdom. With a seating capacity of over 3000, The Theater of King Fahd Cultural Center in Riyadh is considered the largest theater in Saudi Arabia with the largest number of seats; it has witnessed and hosted many theatre activities. Also, the theater of King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (alternatively called Ithra) has around 900 seats; it opened in 2018.

References

Saudi Arabia

Theatre in Saudi Arabia


David King-Wood (12 September 1913 – 3 September 2003) was a British actor.

He was born in Tehran, Iran (then Persia), the youngest of four children. His father was William King Wood (CIE, CBE), Director of the Indo-European Telegraph Department and his mother was Daisy Adcock, daughter of Sir Hugh Adcock (who was once the physician to the Shah of Persia).

He studied at Oxford University and was a keen member of OUDS (Oxford University Dramatic Society) appearing in The Radio Times in April 1936 whilst appearing as Richard II.

David King-Wood (he apparently added the hyphen) appeared in British television and films during the 1950s. His Broadway credits include Friar Francis in Much Ado About Nothing (1959) and Adam Hartley in The Hidden River (1957). His British theatre credits include Measure for Measure and Richard III for The Old Vic, seasons with the Birmingham Repertory Company, the Oxford Repertory Company and the Worthing Repertory Company and the 1937 season at the Regent's Park Open Air Festival. He was also a regular performer with the Shakespeare Festival. His film credits include The Blakes Slept Here (1953) The Men of Sherwood Forest (1954) The Quatermass Xperiment (1955) and Jamboree (1957) among others.

During the Second World War, his fluency in five languages, including Japanese, was used to the fore, but at the expense of his theatrical career.

He relocated to New York in the mid-1950s and acted on Broadway for a number of years. David was also the "it" male model for a time and was the "Marlboro Man" for a couple of years. He ended his professional life teaching English and French at St. Bernard's School in New York, as well as directing the annual Shakespeare Play there.

David loved nature, and as an enthusiastic New Yorker, spent many happy hours in Central Park. More than one hundred and fifty of his friends contributed to the David King-Wood Tree Fund, and two European Linden trees have been endowed in his name. There is a paving stone by the Olmsted Flowerbed at Literary Walk, mid-park at Sixty-Seventh Street, as well as the two trees near the East Meadow.

Filmography

External links

1913 births
2003 deaths
Male actors from Tehran
British male stage actors
British male film actors
Place of death missing
British expatriates in Iran

David King-Wood


Mount Palung National Park () lies on the island of Borneo, in the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, north of Ketapang and east of Sukadana.

History
Mount Palung was first protected in 1937 as a forest nature reserve covering . In 1981, the size was increased to  and its status raised to a wildlife reserve, and on 24 March 1990 the area became a national park.

Geography
The park is notable for its diversity of habitat types, ranging from mangrove and freshwater swamp forest, to lowland alluvial (empran bench) forest, to montane forest, and for its diversity of wildlife.  It is one of only a handful of parks in the world where orangutans can be seen in the wild.

A research station (Cabang Panti) was established at the western foot of the main Mount Palung mountains in 1985, and is owned and operated by the park management authority.  Research there has contributed significantly to our understanding of Borneo forest biology.

Illegal, non-mechanized, 'hand logging' has been a problem in the park, especially from ca. 2000-2003. Initiatives by park authorities and NGOs (increased policing, monitoring by microlight, educational activities) contributed to a reduction of illegal activities, however, illegal logging continues at several hot-spots. In 2007, Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) clinic was established to provide affordable health care and alternative livelihood training for villagers living around the park. This intervention has greatly reduced illegal logging throughout Mount Palung as locals with reliable health care access and more economic opportunities are less likely to rely on income from illegal timber.   The park was one of the key sites of the EU-funded Illegal Logging Response Center (ILRC, now continued in FLEGT).

Research
In 1985 Dr. Mark Leighton, Rhys Bowen, Lisa Curran, Manuel Lerdau, and Todd Truesdale established the Cabang Panti Research Camp deep within the National Park. The site encompasses over 2,100 hectares networked by over 25 km of well-marked trails extending throughout all seven forest types including the upper montane forest.

Following a short period of non-occupation from 2004-2007, Cabang Panti Research Station was rebuilt in 2007 with money provided by two research teams from the United States. Projects led by Dr. Andrew Marshall of the University of California at Davis and Dr. Cheryl Knott of Boston University funded the reconstruction. The current facilities include a main two-story wooden building complete with six private rooms, three office areas, a kitchen, living area and a mezzanine. Three out-buildings include one five-room bunkhouse for local research assistants, and two one-room houses for Principal Investigators. These buildings were donated to Mount Palung National Park in 2011.

Cabang Panti is currently home to a number of researchers including two long-term interests: the Mount Palung Orangutan Project, and the Gibbon and Leaf-Monkey Project.

In September 2011, all researchers were expelled from Cabang Panti by the local Park Office after an NGO sent a letter to Jakarta detailing encroachment by illegal logging into the research site. The park justified the reaction by saying they needed all four buildings to house the rotating 4-6 person teams of forest police. After an appeal to Jakarta, researchers were allowed back into the area, however were not granted access to the buildings.

Orangutan conservation
The orangutan is considered the umbrella species for conservation in the National Park, and is also an important ecological agent for seed dispersal and seed predation. It is believed that orangutans at Mount Palung constitute one of the most dense and largest populations on Borneo. A census conducted in 2001, part-funded by The Orangutan Conservancy, gives an estimate of 2500 individual orangutans, about 4.5% of the estimated population in Borneo and close to 4% of the world's population.

The Mount Palung Orangutan Project was established in 1994 by Dr. Cheryl Knott. This project integrates scientific research about orangutan biology and ecology with conservation programs aimed at the preservation of this endangered species and its habitat. Cheryl Knott is conducting scientific investigation of the factors governing orangutan reproduction and population viability, increasing awareness on the local level to encourage support for conservation of the park and community education around the park and capacity-building for National Park Office staff.

Illegal logging, in conjunction with fires raging across the Indonesian rain forests, make immediate conservation action in this area of paramount importance. The Mount Palung Orangutan Conservation Program was initiated to address the threat to orangutans and their habitat.

Tourism
The park has potential for ecotourism, and has a number of attractive sites for visitors. The only way to gain permission to enter the park is by paying for a package offered by Nasalis Tour and Travel or one of its partners. Nasalis is a for-profit corporation owned and operated by local National Park staff and administrators. As of August 2011, the park had not approved any other tourism companies to operate within the park boundaries.

See also

 Geography of Indonesia

References

External links
 Yayasan Palung: Local conservation organization
 Mount Palung Orangutan Project

National parks of Indonesia
Orangutan conservation
Geography of West Kalimantan
Tourist attractions in West Kalimantan
Protected areas of Kalimantan
Borneo lowland rain forests
Borneo peat swamp forests
Sunda Shelf mangroves

Mount Palung National Park