The Lowry Avenue Bridge is a steel tied-arch bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, completed in October 2012.

History
The original structure was built in 1905 and utilized a 5-span truss bridge design.  This bridge lasted 51 years until it became too weak to carry traffic.

In 1958, five new truss spans were built in this location, using the same piers but raised 20 feet to allow navigation on the upper Mississippi River.  This bridge was notable in that it had a steel grid deck where the river was visible directly through the mesh, as opposed to the (currently) more common concrete deck.

Lead-based paint was removed from the bridge during a 2004 repainting effort and the steel grid deck was replaced in 2003.  At this time, the bridge was expected to be replaced in the mid-2010s, and community meetings were held in 2007 to choose a design for the new span.  However, the timetable to replace the bridge was accelerated as the condition of the 100-year-old piers deteriorated.

During the 2004 repainting, engineers discovered that the pier 3 bearings (east side of navigation channel) had displaced roughly 11 inches east of their original location as a result of unexpected movement of that pier (west) towards the main river channel.  Hennepin County contracted with Wiss, Janey, Elstner and Associates (WJE) to investigate and report on the cause and extent of damage.  The consultant's report concluded that evidence suggested the pier underwent many years, perhaps 50, of creep deflection due to sustained lateral earth pressure at the foundation which was held in check by the bearing assemblies.  The bearing assemblies ultimate strength was finally overcome sometime in 2004 which allowed the unrestrained and rapid movement of the pier.  The structural engineers at WJE were unable to predict the magnitude of future pier displacements.

Hennepin County, which owns and maintains the bridge, closed the bridge at 10:00 AM on April 25, 2008, due to safety concerns.  Controlled explosions were used to demolish the bridge spans 14 months later on the morning of June 21, 2009.

Construction of the $80 million replacement bridge began early 2010 and was opened for traffic on October 27, 2012, at a cost of $104 million. The bridge includes a protected,  shared-use path on both sides for pedestrians and bikes.

See also
 List of crossings of the Upper Mississippi River

References

External links
 Animation of Replacement Bridge

Bridges in Minneapolis
Bridges over the Mississippi River
Bridges completed in 1887
Bridges completed in 1905
Bridges completed in 1958
Road bridges in Minnesota
Steel bridges in the United States
Tied arch bridges in the United States
Truss bridges in the United States
1887 establishments in Minnesota
Shared-use paths in Minneapolis

Lowry Avenue Bridge


Mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes, also called Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA), are devices with high conductivity and corrosion resistance for use as anodes in electrolysis.  They are made by coating a substrate, such as pure titanium plate or expanded mesh, with several kinds of metal oxides. One oxide is usually RuO2, IrO2, or PtO2, which conducts electricity and catalyzes the desired reaction such as the production of chlorine gas. The other metal oxide is typically titanium dioxide which does not conduct or catalyze the reaction, but is cheaper and prevents corrosion of the interior.

The loading or amount of precious metal on the substrate (that is, other than the titanium) can be in the order of around 10 to 12 grams per square metre.

Applications
Applications include use as anodes in electrolytic cells for producing free chlorine from saltwater in swimming pools, in electrowinning of metals, in printed circuit board manufacture, electrotinning and zinc electro-galvanising of steel, as anodes for cathodic protection of buried or submerged structures.

History

Henri Bernard Beer registered his patent on mixed metal oxide electrodes in 1965. The patent named "Beer 65", also known as "Beer I", which Beer claimed the deposition of Ruthenium oxide, and admixing a soluble titanium compound to the paint, to approximately 50% (with molar percentage RuO2:TiO2 50:50).
His second patent, Beer II, reduced the Ruthenium oxide content below 50%.

See also
 Chloralkali process

References

MMO & PLATINUM COATED TITANIUM ANODES by Titan

Oxides
Electrodes

Mixed metal oxide electrode


Northwood Historic District is a national historic district located at Greencastle, Putnam County, Indiana.  The district encompasses 100 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a predominantly residential section of Greencastle.  The district developed between about 1920 and 1960 and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival, Bungalow / American Craftsman, and Ranch style architecture.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Colonial Revival architecture in Indiana
Bungalow architecture in Indiana
Historic districts in Putnam County, Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Putnam County, Indiana

Northwood Historic District


State Road 423 (SR 423), known for most of its length as John Young Parkway, and Lee Road east of Orange Blossom Trail, is a four- and six-lane surface road in the U.S. state of Florida.  SR 423 runs from SR 408 north to U.S. Routes 17/92 (US 17/92) just east of Interstate 4 (I-4).

SR 423 and its southern components serve as an alternate to the parallel Orange Blossom Trail.  The road is named after John Young, a NASA astronaut and one of twelve men to walk on the Moon, who was from the Orlando area.

Route description
SR 423 is signed north-south when named John Young Parkway, while Lee Road it is signed east-west.

SR 423 begins at an interchange with SR 408 and heads north towards Orange Blossom Trail.  It then changes names to Lee Road east of Orange Blossom Trail, becoming an east-west road to its terminus at U.S. Route 17/92 just east of Interstate 4.

South of State Road 423's southern terminus, John Young Parkway, known as County Road 423 continues south towards I-4, the Beachline Expressway and the Southern Connector.  South of the Osceola-Orange county line, it is unsigned County Road 531A and continues to a single-point urban interchange with the Osceola Parkway, ending a bit north of Pleasant Hill Road near Kissimmee, where the name changes to Orange Blossom Trail heading towards Campbell and to the Osceola-Polk county line.  The section from US 192 southward is also numbered US 17-92.

History
The first section of SR 423 was built by the Florida Department of Transportation in the early 1970s, from Colonial Drive (SR 50) west of downtown Orlando north to Orange Blossom Trail (US 441-SR 500).  Over the years, extensions to the south have been built, some by Orange County and some by the state.

Future
An additional extension—which included widening the existing roadway from four to six lanes from Shader Road to the U.S. 441/Orange Blossom Trail intersection, constructing two new overpasses and completing a new 1-mile alignment extension to Forest City Road/S.R. 434 at the intersection with Edgewater Drive/S.R. 424—was completed in 2013. Benefits of the extension include a direct connection between John Young Parkway and SR 434 and a much-improved alternate route to serve commuters during I-4 Ultimate construction.

Future improvements include widening John Young Parkway from SR 50 to Shader Road from four lanes to six lanes. This capacity improvement project will also improve the level of service and enhance safety. Design is expected to be complete in Spring 2015. Construction is currently not funded; the duration is anticipated to be 24 to 30 months.

Major intersections

References

External links

423
423
423
423
1970s establishments in Florida
John Young (astronaut)

Florida State Road 423


DC Pride is an annual LGBTQIA+ themed comic book anthology first published by DC Comics in June 2021. The second anthology was published in June 2022. The third anthology is scheduled for release in May 2023.

Publication and promotion
DC Pride was first announced on March 11, 2021 as an 80-page anthology comic focusing on DC Comics' various LGBT characters, to be published in June as a celebration of Pride Month. The anthology is also meant to celebrate the LGBT creators working at DC, with the anthology's writers and artists being members of the LGBT community.

As part of their celebration of Pride Month, DC also announced the limited series Crush & Lobo, focusing on the mercenary Lobo and his lesbian daughter Crush; June would also see the release of the graphic novel Poison Ivy: Thorns. DC Pride also marks the first instance of Nia Nal / Dreamer appearing in comics, with the story written by Nicole Maines. The character first appeared in the live-action series Supergirl, played by Maines. Maines described herself as very excited at getting the opportunity to write the character.

A second anthology, DC Pride 2022, was announced in March 2022; it was released in June 2022. DC Comics stated that it is a "100+ page Prestige format annual anthology comic".

In March 2023, DC Comics announced three titles for Pride Month: DC Pride 2023 #1, DC Pride: Through the Years #1, and The DC Book of Pride. DC Pride 2023 #1 is the annual 100+ page prestige format anthology scheduled for release in May 2023. DC Pride: Through the Years #1 is a reprint "collection of three older DC comics that featured LGBTQ+ characters" scheduled for release in June 2023. The DC Book of Pride, by Jadzia Axelrod, is a character guidebook on the 50+ LGBTQ+ DC characters scheduled for release on May 16, 2023.

Content

2021
DC Pride was released on June 8, 2021 and consisted of the following stories:
 "The Wrong Side of the Looking Glass" (James Tynion IV, writer; Trung Le Nguyen, artist; Aditya Bidikar, letterer): focuses on lesbian superheroine Kate Kane / Batwoman.
 "He's the Light of My Life!" (Sam Johns, writer; Klaus Janson, artist; Dave McCaig, colorist; Tom Napolitano, letterer): focuses on Alan Scott / Green Lantern—who has recently come out as gay—and his gay son Todd Rice / Obsidian.
 "By the Victors" (Steve Orlando, writer; Stephen Byrne, artist; Josh Reed, letterer): focuses on gay superheroes Midnighter and Extraño.
 "Clothes Makeup Gift" (Danny Lore, writer; Lisa Sterle, artist; Enrica Eren Angiolini, colorist; Becca Carey, letterer): focuses on the non-binary Flash Jess Chambers and their relationship with Andy Curry, daughter of Aquaman and Mera.
 "Try the Girl" (Vita Ayala, writer; Skylar Patridge, artist; José Villarrubia, colorist; Ariana Maher, letterer): focuses on lesbian superheroine Renee Montoya.
 "Be Gay, Do Crimes" (Sina Grace, writer; Ro Stein and Ted Brandt, artists; Aditya Bidikar, letterer): focuses on former supervillain and ally of Wally West, Hartley Rathaway / Pied Piper and his musical face-off against Drummer Boy.
 "Another Word for a Truck to Move Your Furniture" (Mariko Tamaki, writer; Amy Reeder, artist; Marissa Louise, colorist; Ariana Maher, letterer): focuses on the relationship between bisexual villainesses Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn and Dr. Pamela Isley / Poison Ivy.
 "Date Night" (Nicole Maines, writer; Rachael Stott, artist; Enrica Eren Angiolini, colorist; Steve Wands, letterer): focuses on trans woman Nia Nal / Dreamer, whose first appearance was in the live-action series Supergirl, where she is played by Maines.
 "Love Life" (Andrew Wheeler, writer; Luciano Vecchio, artist; Rain Beredo, colorist; Becca Carey, letterer): Jackson Hyde / Aqualad and his date Syl must defend Pride parade from Eclipso, with help from the Justice League Queer.

2022
DC Pride 2022 was released on June 14, 2022 and featured a foreword from Nicole Maines. The anthology consisted of the following stories:

 "Super Pride" (Devin Grayson, Nick Robles, Triona Farrell and Aditya Bidikar): Jon Kent/Superman, a bisexual man, as he, his boyfriend Jay Nakamura and best friend Damian Wayne attend Metropolis Pride and Jon begins to embrace his identity and status as a symbol for both the people of Earth and the LGBT+ community.
 "Confessions" (Stephanie Williams, Meghan Hetrick, Marissa Louise, and Ariana Maher): Queen Nubia reveals to her partner Io, a blacksmith, that the sword she made for her was destroyed in a wrestling match with Giganta rather than in an epic battle.
 "Special Delivery" (Travis Moore, Enrica Eren Angiolini, and Ariana Maher): Newly out hero Tim Drake races to meet up with his new boyfriend Bernard so that they can attend their first Pride together despite being distracted by local criminals.
 "Are You Ready for This?" (Danny Lore & Ivan Cohen, Brittney Williams, Enrica Eren Angiolini, and Ariana Maher): Non-binary Earth-11 speedster Jess Chambers (Kid Quick) tries to prove themself as a hero.
 "A World Kept Just For Me" (Alyssa Wong, W. Scott Forbes, and Ariana Maher): Jackson Hyde/Aquaman struggles to be open with his new boyfriend about his childhood in New Mexico.
 "The Gumshoe in Green" (Tini Howard, Evan Cagle, and Lucas Gattoni): Jo Mullein/Green Lantern investigates a suspicious couple on an alien planet in this neo-noir thriller.
 "Think of Me" (Ted Brandt & Ro Stein and Frank Cvetkovic): Connor Hawke battles Music Meister while trying to write a letter to his mother explaining his asexuality.
 "Public Display of the Electromagnetic Spectrum" (Greg Lockard, Giulio Macaione, and Aditya Bidikar): The Ray struggles to publicly express his affection towards his boyfriend Xenos.
 "The Hunt" (Dani Fernandez, Zoe Thorogood, Jeremy Lawson, and Aditya Bidikar): Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy face a mysterious foe.
 "Bat's in the Cradle" (Stephanie Philips, Samantha Dodge, Marissa Louise, and Lucas Gattoni): Jacob Kane reflects upon his relationship with his daughter Kate.
 "Up at Bat" (Jadzia Axelrod, Lynne Yoshii, Tamra Bonvillain, and Ariana Maher): Alysia Yeoh is forced into a fight with Killer Moth when a wounded Barbara Gordon approaches her for help.
 "Finding Batman" (Kevin Conroy with art by J. Bone and Aditya Bidikar): An autobiographical story where Conroy describes how his portrayal of Batman drew from his painful experiences as a gay man.

2023
DC Pride 2023 #1, was released on May 30, 2023. It featured a foreword from Phil Jimenez and an extended tribute to the trailblazing writer Rachel Pollack, who passed away before she could begin working on a story for the book. The anthology consists of the following stories:

 A Multiversity story by Grant Morrison and Hayden Sherman
 A Tim Drake and Connor Hawke story by Nadia Shammas and Bruka Jones
 A Circuit Breaker and the Flash of Earth-11 story by A.L. Kaplan
 A Midnighter, Apollo and Alan Scott Green Lantern story by Josh Trujillo and Don Aguillo
 A Ghost-Maker and Catman vs. Cannon and Saber story by Rex Ogle and Stephen Sadowski
 A Jon Kent and John Constantine story by Christopher Cantwell and Skylar Patridge
 A Natasha Irons and Nubia story by Mildred Louis
 A Harley Quinn, Poison Ivy, and Crush story by Leah Williams and Paulina Ganucheau
 A preview of an upcoming Dreamer story by Nicole Maines and Rye Hickman

DC Pride: Through the Years #1, scheduled for release on June 13, 2023, will contain:

 "The Flash #53 by William Messner-Loebs and Greg LaRocque, in which the Pied Piper comes out to the Flash".
 "Detective Comics #854, by Greg Rucka and J.H. Williams, which launched Batwoman on her solo series".
 "Supergirl #19, by Steve Orlando, Vita Ayala, and Jamal Campbell, in which nonbinary teen Lee Serrano becomes friends with Supergirl".
 An original story, by Tim Sheridan and Cian Tormey, "about Green Lantern Alan Scott, which will lay the groundwork for that character's next storyline".

Reception
Upon release, DC Pride #1 received widespread acclaim from comics critics. At the review aggregator website Comic Book Roundup, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 10 to reviews from comics critics, the series received an average score of 9.2 based on 17 reviews. Oliver Sava, for The A.V. Club, wrote: "corporate offerings celebrating Pride Month often feel like disingenuous attempts to cash in on a social movement, but DC Pride #1 succeeds by showcasing the ways DC Comics has been pushing LGBTQ+ representation for years. [...] Many of the stories in DC Pride feel like the start of something more, and ideally there's enough interest in this one-shot that these heroes can spend more than a month in the spotlight". Sava compared this issue to Marvel Voices Pride and called Marvel's issue "more of a mixed bag". Sava wrote that "while Marvel has dragged its feet in regards to meaningful LGBTQ+ representation in film and television, DC has spent the last decade expanding representation across all of its media".

References

2021 in comics
Comics anthologies
DC Comics one-shots
LGBT-related comics
2021 LGBT-related literary works
2022 LGBT-related literary works

DC Pride (comics)


Cecil Dale Womack (September 25, 1947 – January 25, 2013) was an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He was one of the musical Womack brothers, and had success both as a songwriter and recording artist, notably with his wife Linda as Womack & Womack. In later years he took the name Zekkariyas.

Career
Cecil Womack was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He and his brothers Bobby (1944–2014), Harry (1945–1974), Friendly and Curtis, were a gospel group appearing on the gospel circuit in the mid-50s where they were seen by Sam Cooke of the Soul Stirrers who signed them for his SAR records. As Cooke's protégés they changed their name to the Valentinos and in 1961 began to sing and record for secular audiences. The Valentinos had hit records with "Lookin' for a Love" and "It's All Over Now", the latter being covered by the Rolling Stones. Cooke's death at an L.A. motel in December 1964, had dramatic consequences for the Womack Brothers as SAR folded and Bobby Womack, who was now married to Sam Cooke's widow, Barbara, left the group for a solo career. The Valentinos briefly disbanded before regrouping as a quartet in 1966, signing with Chess Records where they recorded the Northern Soul hit, "Sweeter than the Day Before", written by Cecil Womack and singer Mary Wells. Womack and Wells married in 1966 and formed the music publishing firm, Well-Wom, to market their jointly written songs. However, the group got dropped from Chess in 1968 after only two singles and Cecil Womack decided to leave the Valentinos. The remaining trio of Harry, Curtis, and Friendly Jr. signed with Jubilee Records where they recorded the Cecil-composed "Two Lovers History" and "Tired Of Being Nobody" before being dropped in 1970.

As the 1960s progressed Cecil Womack secured a role away from performing as a songwriter and producer. As the husband of Mary Wells, he was well placed to provide several R & B chart successes for her including "The Doctor", "Dig The Way I Feel" and "Never Give A Man The World" on which he backed his wife on vocals, all released on Jubilee Records. Womack's later songwriting credits include "Love TKO" a major hit for Teddy Pendergrass, "I Just Want To Satisfy You" for the O'Jays, "Love Symphony" for Patti LaBelle, "Your Song" for Four Tops and "New Day" for George Benson.

Womack & Womack

In 1983, Cecil and his wife Linda, who is Sam Cooke's daughter, began performing and recording together as Womack & Womack, and released a successful album, Love Wars on Elektra Records. The title track from the album was a no.14 hit in the UK, and the song "Baby I'm Scared Of You" was a hit on the Billboard R&B chart in the US. In 1988, their single "Teardrops", taken from their fourth album Conscience, became a major international hit reportedly selling more than 10 million copies worldwide. It reached no.3 in the UK, and no.1 in the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand.

After traveling to Nigeria, they discovered ancestral ties to the Zekkariyas tribe, and Cecil adopted the name Zekkariyas. In 1993 they released their final album with a major label, Transformation To The House Of Zekkariyas. They continued to write for other artists, including Ruby Turner and Randy Crawford.

Covers of Cecil Womack songs
Mary Wells recorded the Valentinos "Two Lovers' History" in 1968. The Womack & Womack song "Love Wars" was covered by The Beautiful South for the 1990 compilation Rubáiyát. Eric Clapton, Elton John, K.D. Lang and The Sugababes are amongst the artists who recorded "Lead Me On". His best-known song "Love T.K.O." has been recorded by many artists. Originally recorded by Teddy Pendergrass, the song was subsequently recorded by  Boz Scaggs, Bette Midler and Michael McDonald. "Teardrops" has been covered by Lulu, Joss Stone, Sugababes, and Roosevelt.

Personal life
In 1966, Womack married Motown singer Mary Wells at the Olivet Institutional Baptist Church in Cleveland. Prior to that Womack fathered a son, Mustafa Womack in November of the same year. They had three children. Womack and Wells separated after he discovered she was having an affair with his brother Curtis Womack. They divorced in 1977.

Cecil later married Linda Cooke, the daughter of Sam Cooke. This created an interesting family tree because Cecil's brother Bobby Womack had married Sam Cooke's widow and Linda's mother Barbara Campbell in 1965. Cecil and Linda had seven children together, and had homes in Africa and Thailand. After 1994, Womack was known professionally and personally by the name Zekkariyas.

Death
Zekkariyas spent his final years traveling the world with his wife and children, using his time to explore his African heritage, spirituality, and knowledge of the continent as well as making music. He died of unknown causes in Johannesburg, South Africa, on January 25, 2013, at age 65.

References

External links
Zekkariyas Enlightenment Kingdom Official site [offline June 2014]

Review/Rock; Womacks:Songs of Life, The New York Times
The Independent, "How we met: Womack & Womack", 1994

1947 births
2013 deaths
20th-century African-American male singers
African-American songwriters
American expatriates in Nigeria
American expatriates in South Africa
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American soul guitarists
American male guitarists
The Valentinos members
Singers from Cleveland
Deaths in South Africa
Singer-songwriters from Ohio
Guitarists from Ohio
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
African-American guitarists
21st-century African-American people
American male singer-songwriters

Cecil Womack


Buġibba Temple is a megalithic temple on the border of Buġibba and Qawra towns, limits of St. Paul's Bay, Malta. A hotel was built on the grounds of the temple.

Site
The temple is located a short distance from the coast, between Buġibba and Qawra Point. It was built during the Tarxien phase of Maltese prehistory. The temple is quite small, and part of its coralline limestone façade can still be seen. From the trilithon entrance, a corridor leads to a central area which contains three apses. Part of the temple's floor has also survived at the back of the site.

The rest of the structure was destroyed over the years, as the area was leveled due to being used for agricultural purposes.

Excavations and recent history

The Buġibba Temple was discovered by Maltese archaeologist Themistocles Zammit in the 1920s, when he discovered large stones in a field close to Qawra Point. These remains were included on the Antiquities List of 1925, as "the megalithic remains on the side of the road to Qawra point". The temple was excavated in 1928 by Zammit and L. J. Upton Way, and was again surveyed in 1952. Two years later, in 1954, some minor excavations were made to ascertain the chronology of the temple.

During the excavations, two decorated stone blocks were found. One is a carved square block that was an altar, and the other is a rectangular block with carved fish on two of its faces. These blocks are now in the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta.

The temple's capstone was also replaced in modern times.

Eventually, the Dolmen Resort Hotel was built around the temple, which was incorporated into the grounds of the hotel close to its swimming pools.

References

External links

National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands

Megalithic Temples of Malta
Neolithic sites
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
Buildings and structures in St. Paul's Bay

Buġibba Temple


Fine Manners is a 1926 American black-and-white silent comedy film directed initially by Lewis Milestone and completed by Richard Rosson for Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount Pictures. After an argument with actress Gloria Swanson, director Milestone walked off the project, causing the film to be completed by Rosson, who had picked up directorial tricks while working as an assistant director to Allan Dwan. The success of the film, being Rosson's first directorial effort since he co-directed Her Father's Keeper in 1917 with his brother Arthur Rosson, won him a long-term contract with Famous Players–Lasky.

Plot

Burlesque chorus girl Orchid Murphy (Gloria Swanson) attracts the attention of wealthy Brian Alden (Eugene O'Brien), who is posing as a writer while "slumming" in the city. Finding her manner quite refreshing compared to the women he usually meets in his circle, he falls in love with her and confesses his wealth. After she agrees to marriage, he leaves for a six-month tour of South America, and Orchid takes a course in "fine manners" to better prepare herself for Brian's world. She becomes too polished, however, and when asked by Brian to marry him upon his return, is happy to become herself again.

Cast
 Gloria Swanson as Orchid Murphy
 Eugene O'Brien as Brian Alden
 Helen Dunbar as Aunt Agatha
 Roland Drew as Buddy Murphy
 John Miltern as Courtney Adams
 Jack La Rue as New Year's Eve Celebrant
 Ivan Lebedeff as Prince

Critical reception
Berkeley Daily Gazette wrote that in her first time in the role of a burlesque chorus girl, Gloria Swanson is "better than ever" and has "added another interesting screen portrayal to her long list of successes."  Miami News called the film "a most laughable comedy" and reported "Critics say this is Gloria's triumph".  St. Petersburg Times wote that Fine Manners stands head and shoulders above anything Gloria has done for the past year," and note that the story was written specifically for her. They wrote that the film "will prove to be the star's most popular vehicle."

Conversely, The New York Times noted  that Fine Manners was reminiscent of George Bernard Shaw's play, Pygmalion, writing "The photoplay has been constructed with meticulous attention to the edicts of the movie school of conventionalities; true characterization, intrigue and subtlety are conspicuously absent. Still, the idea of introducing a chorus girl from a burlesque show and having her try valiantly to grasp the ways of a less demonstrative society, does bring to mind Shaw's cockney heroine."  They noted that writers underscore the differences between the societal ranks of the two protagonists by emphasizing Orchid's ignorance of social amenities and by her being assigned a common name.  While granting that there are scenes in which the cinematography is clever, they made note that the story itself is not very absorbing.

Preservation
The film has survived the decades and is preserved in several archive houses such as George Eastman House, the Library of Congress, and the Museum of Modern Art.

References

External links

1926 films
Silent American comedy films
American silent feature films
1920s English-language films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Lewis Milestone
Films directed by Richard Rosson
Paramount Pictures films
Famous Players-Lasky films
1926 directorial debut films
1926 comedy films
1920s American films

Fine Manners


The tropical ground squirrel (Notocitellus adocetus) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. At one time the species was originally described as Spermophilus adocetus, but the genus Spermophilus was revised and subdivided in 2009 and it was placed in the genus Notocitellus. It is endemic to arid upland areas and deciduous woodland in Mexico. It is locally referred to as Cuinique.

Taxonomy
This species was first described in 1903 by the American zoologist Clinton Hart Merriam as Spermophilus adocetus. In a revision of the genus Spermophilus in 2009, Helgen determined that it should be split into eight genera, each one of which was  morphologically distinct and shown to be a monophyletic clade by phylogenetic analyses. One such genus was Notocitellus, comprising the two species N. adocetus, the tropical ground squirrel, and N. annulatus, the ring-tailed ground squirrel.

Description
The tropical ground squirrel is smaller than its sister species, the ring-tailed ground squirrel (Notocitellus annulatus). The ears are more rounded, the snout is shorter and broader, the colour is paler and the tail is unringed. Many black hairs are mingled with the cinnamon brown fur, the head, upper back and bushy tail being darker than the rest of the pelage. The underparts and inner sides of the limbs are yellowish and there are faint pale streaks above and below the eye. Females have a head-and-body length of  with a tail of , while males are a little larger.

Distribution and habitat

The tropical ground squirrel is endemic to Mexico, where its range includes the states of State of Mexico, Guerrero, Jalisco, and Michoacán, most of this range being in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt at altitudes up to about . Its typical habitat is arid rocky areas, such as canyons and cliffs, with sparse vegetation, mesquite and barrel cacti, and deciduous woodland. Some of this habitat has been converted to low level agricultural use, and the ground squirrel has adapted to this change in land use by feeding on crops.

Ecology
The tropical ground squirrel is a social, diurnal species that is active throughout most of the year. It digs complex burrows that are up to  deep, under walls or rocks, or at the base of trees. It is omnivorous, but the diet consists mainly of seeds and fruits, especially those of Acacia, Prosopis, Prunus and Crescentia. It also eats green shoots, and on agricultural land will feed on maize, sorghum and beans. Food is mostly gathered in the morning between the hours of 9.00 and 11.00, stuffed into the cheek pouches and carried back to the burrow for later consumption.

If food is scarce in the hottest part of the year, this ground squirrel may aestivate for a short time. It may breed throughout the year in farmland but in deciduous woodland it probably breeds between May and June before the start of the wet season. The population size varies widely from year to year. In remote places, this ground squirrel is shy but when living near humans it becomes habituated to them and is more bold, scampering away when humans come close and watching their activity while perched on a wall, or taking refuge in a crevice and peering out.

Although in the wild, it eats mostly seeds and fruits, in captivity, it can eat corn, meat, lettuce, tortillas, and bread. When feeding, it sits on its haunches and pushes food into its mouth using its front feet.

Status
The tropical ground squirrel is a common species in suitable habitat, with populations varying widely from year to year. It has a wide range and a presumed large total population. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has identified no particular threats to this species and has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

References

Notocitellus
Endemic mammals of Mexico
Balsas dry forests
Mammals described in 1903
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Clinton Hart Merriam
Fauna of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

Tropical ground squirrel


Epsilon Eridani (ε Eri, ε Eridani) is a star in the southern constellation Eridanus, just south of the celestial equator. It can be seen from most of Earth's surface.

It is 10.5 light years (ly) away, and has an apparent magnitude of 3.73. It is the third closest individual star or star system visible to the unaided eye.

Epsilon Eridani was the closest star known to host a planet until the unconfirmed discovery of Alpha Centauri Bb. Its age is less than a billion years. Because of its youth, Epsilon Eridani has a more active magnetic field than the present-day Sun. Its stellar wind is 30 times as strong. Its rotation period is 11.2 days at the equator. The star is smaller and less massive than the Sun, and has a lower level of metal elements. It is a main-sequence star of spectral class K2, which means that energy generated at the core through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is emitted from the surface at a temperature of about 5,000 K, giving it an orange hue.

Its planet, Epsilon Eridani b, was announced in 2000. The planet orbits in about 7 years. It is about 3.4 astronomical units (AU) away from its star.

The system includes two belts of rocky asteroids: one at about 3 AU and a second at about 20 AU, whose structure may be maintained by a hypothetical second planet, Epsilon Eridani c. Epsilon Eridani has an extensive outer debris disk of remnant planetesimals left over from the system's formation.

Epsilon Eridani may be a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group of stars that share a similar motion through the Milky Way. This suggests they share a common origin in an open star cluster. Its nearest neighbor, the binary star system Luyten 726-8, will have a close encounter with Epsilon Eridani in about 31,500 years when they will be separated by about 0.93 ly.

Epsilon Eridani has been the target of SETI searches. Epsilon Eridani appears in science fiction stories and has been suggested as a destination for interstellar travel.

References

Stars

Epsilon Eridani


The Burgman series of scooters (known in Japan as Skywave) is produced by Suzuki with engine capacities from 125 cc up to 638 cc.

AN series
Launched in 1998, the original model line-up consisted of the AN250 and AN400Y models. In 2002 the AN250 was dropped, replaced by the European-legislation compliant for learner-license purposes UH125. However, the AN250 continued to be released in other countries. The UH prefix was used on this model due to a current model of non Burgman heritage still being produced.  This is the AN125 and bears no resemblance nor lineage with the Burgman series.

AN2 series
In 2002, the fuel injected AN2 series was launched in UH125, AN400 and AN650 (L2) variants. With a redesigned fairing package allowing for better lighting, more storage capacity and 1litre more fuel capacity, there was also the option for ABS on the AN400 and AN650 models. The AN400 was available in USA markets in 2002 and the following year the AN650 (L3) came to USA. Changes to the eCVT and computer on the AN650 (L5) in 2005.

In 2004, Suzuki launched an up-market AN650A Executive (Non-USA), which involved a full ABS and accessories package.

Burgman 400 had a few models

2005-2006? Burgman 400S became available, featured chrome handle bars, a lower sport like bike windshield, and white and red gauges

in 2007 the 400 was updated from a 13" to a 14" front wheel, dual disc brakes in the front

In 2018 the Burgman 400 was totally redesigned

Models

UH125 Burgman 125 (2002-present) - often mistakenly identified as AN125 (an earlier Suzuki model which shares none of the Burgman traits).  Whereas a Burgman UH125 is classed as a maxi-scooter, AN125 is a scooter. Suzuki Burgman is one of the fastest motorbikes regarding 125 cc and is quite comfortable.
UB125 Burgman Street 125 (2018-present) - a Burgman maxi-scooter family built in India based on Suzuki Access, completely different and smaller than UH125. There is also a variant named Burgman Street 125 EX (shorten for Executive Class), is a slight upgrade over the standard Burgman Street 125 and was introduced. It has a few key differences, including: 12-inch front and rear wheels: The EX has 12-inch wheels front and rear, while the standard Burgman Street has 12-inch wheels front and 10-inch wheels rear. This gives the EX a slightly larger footprint and better handling; Disc brake on the rear wheel: The EX has a disc brake on the rear wheel, while the standard Burgman Street has a drum brake. This gives the EX slightly better braking performance; Chrome accents: The EX has chrome accents on the front fender, headlight cowl, and side panels. These give the EX a more premium look and; New color options: The EX is available in two new color options: Pearl Mirage White and Metallic Matte Black. Other than these differences, the Suzuki Burgman Street 125 EX and the standard Burgman Street 125 are very similar. They both have the same 125cc engine, fuel economy, and features.
UH150 Burgman 150 (2002-2006) - is a scooter is powered by a 152cc, single-cylinder, air-cooled engine that produces 11 horsepower and 11 Nm of torque. It has a top speed of 95 kmph and a fuel economy of 35 kmpl. The scooter is equipped with a number of features, including a front disc brake, rear drum brake, alloy wheels, and a digital instrument cluster.
UH200 Burgman 200 (2007-present) - is powered by a fuel-injected, single-cylinder, liquid-cooled engine that produces 18.1 horsepower and 12.5 lb-ft of torque. The Burgman 200 has a top speed of 75 mph and gets an estimated 53 mpg. It has a spacious under-seat storage compartment that can hold a full-face helmet, and it also has a glovebox and a small storage compartment in the front. The Burgman 200 comes standard with ABS brakes.
AN250 Burgman 250 (1998-2017) - is a 249cc scooter. It was first introduced in 1998 and is still in production today. The Burgman 250 is a popular choice for commuters and touring riders thanks to its comfortable riding position, large fuel tank, and spacious storage compartments. The AN250 Burgman 250 is available in a variety of colors, including pearl white, black, and silver.
AN400 Burgman 400 (1999-present) - is a mid-sized maxi scooter. It was first introduced in 1998 and has been in continuous production ever since. The Burgman 400 is powered by a 399cc, liquid-cooled, single-cylinder engine that produces 30.5 horsepower and 26.5 lb-ft of torque. It has a top speed of around 110 mph and gets an average of 67 mpg. The Burgman 400 is known for its comfortable ride and spacious storage compartments. It has a large underseat storage area that can fit two full-face helmets, as well as a glovebox and a 12-volt power outlet. The Burgman 400 is also equipped with a number of features that make it a safe and practical scooter, including ABS brakes, a center stand, and a large headlight. The Burgman 400 is a popular choice for both commuting and touring. It is comfortable enough to ride for long distances, yet it is still maneuverable enough to use in city traffic. The Burgman 400 is also a good choice for riders who want a scooter with a lot of storage space.
AN400 Burgman 400 ABS - is a large-displacement scooter. It is powered by a 400cc, liquid-cooled, single-cylinder engine that is paired with a CVT automatic transmission. The Burgman 400 ABS has a comfortable riding position and a large underseat storage compartment. It also comes standard with ABS, which provides added safety.
AN650 Burgman 650 - is a maxi-scooter that was produced from 2003 to 2018. It is powered by a 638cc parallel-twin engine that produces 54 horsepower and 46 lb-ft of torque. The Burgman 650 is equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and can reach a top speed of 110 mph. The Burgman 650 is known for its comfort and practicality. It has a large underseat storage compartment that can hold two full-face helmets, as well as two front compartments. The scooter also has a spacious seat and floorboards, making it comfortable for both the rider and passenger.
AN650A Burgman 650 Executive - this package typically adds ABS, an electric adjustable windshield, electric adjustable folding mirrors, passenger backrest, chrome bar ends and chrome muffler cover. In Canada and Europe, heated hand grips and heated seats are also part of the Executive package.

Experimentals and limited editions
Suzuki has made a hydrogen fuel cell-electric hybrid scooter called the Suzuki Burgman fuel cell scooter. It received "whole vehicle type" approval in the EU.

References

External links

SUZUKI BURGMAN 400 (AN400)

Burgman
Maxi scooters
Motorcycles introduced in 1999

Suzuki Burgman


AH and variants may refer to:
 Ah!, an exclamation
 AH (Anno Hegirae), Latin for Islamic "in the year of the Hijra" similar to the Latin for the Christian year Anno Domini

Music
 "Ah", song by Charles Aznavour written by Charles Aznavour and José Lucchesi 1954
 "Ah" (song), a Japanese song by Superfly
 "Ah", a song by the Turkish band Duman 2002

Games and literature
 Achievement Hunter, a Texas-based online video gaming community
 Adam Hughes, a comic artist who signs his work "AH!"
 Alternate history, a subgenre of speculative fiction
 Arcana Heart, a video game series
 Avalon Hill, makers of military-themed board games

Places
 Afghanistan, World Meteorological Organization country code
 Anhui, a province of China (Guobiao abbreviation AH)
 Austria-Hungary, a former European empire

Aviation
 Air Algérie IATA designator
 Artificial Horizon, an attitude indicator, a cockpit instrument (Aviation)
 Bell AH-1 Cobra, a model of attack helicopter
 Boeing AH-64 Apache, a model of attack helicopter

Computing
 AH register, the high byte of an X86 16-bit AX register
 Authentication Header (AH), a part of the IPsec protocol suite

Disease, ventilation and electricity
 Adenomatous hyperplasia; see endometrial adenomatous hyperplasia and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
 Air handler, or air handling unit (AHU), a device used to condition and circulate air
 Ampere hour, a unit of electric charge

Other fields
 Aegyptiaca Helvetica, an archaeological journal published by Schwabe (publisher)
 Ah (digraph), a digraph used in Taa language orthography
 Albert Heijn, a Dutch supermarket chain owned by Ahold
 Alkotmányvédelmi Hivatal, the Constitution Protection Office, a Hungarian intelligence agency
 Asian Highway Network, a project among countries in Asia and Europe to improve the highway systems in Asia
 Hospital ship (US Navy hull classification symbol AH)

See also
 AAH (disambiguation)
 AHH (disambiguation)
 A-ha, a New Wave/Synthpop band from Norway
 Aa! Japanese band

 Ah Ah Ah (disambiguation)

AH


Sir Quentin Saxby Blake,  (born 16 December 1932) is an English cartoonist, caricaturist, illustrator and children's writer. He has illustrated over 300 books, including 18 written by Roald Dahl, which are among his most popular works. For his lasting contribution as a children's illustrator he won the biennial international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2002, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books. From 1999 to 2001, he was the inaugural British Children's Laureate. He is a patron of the Association of Illustrators.

Early life
Blake was born in 1932 in Sidcup, Kent, son of William and Evelyn Blake. His father was a civil servant, and his mother a housewife. Blake was evacuated to the West Country during the Second World War. He attended Holy Trinity Lamorbey Church of England Primary School and Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School, where his English teacher, J. H. Walsh, influenced his life's work.

His artistic development during his school years was helped by contact with the painter and cartoonist Alfred Jackson, the husband of Blake's Latin teacher, who encouraged his first submissions to Punch, resulting in his first publication at the age of 16. In the sixth form, the school's art teacher, the painter Stanley Simmonds, recognized Blake's talents and provided support and exposure to the work of other artists.

Blake read English Literature at Downing College, Cambridge, under F. R. Leavis, from 1953 to 1956, received his postgraduate teaching diploma from the University of London Institute of Education, and later studied part-time at the Chelsea School of Art and later Camberwell College of Art. He has since denied that studying at the University of Cambridge contributed to his artistic or creative talent.

Career

During the 1960s, Blake taught English at the Lycée Français de Londres which cemented his long association with France and culminated in the award of the Legion of Honour. He taught at the Royal College of Art for over twenty years, where he was head of the Illustration department from 1978 to 1986.

The first book that Blake illustrated was The Wonderful Button by Evan Hunter, published by Abelard-Schuman in 1961. In his subsequent career, he gained a reputation as a loyal, reliable and humorous illustrator of more than 300 children's books, including some written by Joan Aiken, Elizabeth Bowen, Sylvia Plath, Roald Dahl, Nils-Olof Franzén, William Steig, and Dr. Seuss. He illustrated the first Seuss book that Seuss did not illustrate himself, Great Day for Up! (1974).

By 2006, Blake had illustrated 323 books, of which he had written 35 and Dahl had written 18. To date, Blake has illustrated two of David Walliams' books and has illustrated Folio Society Limited Editions such as Don Quixote, Candide and 50 Fables of La Fontaine.

In the 1970s, Blake was an occasional presenter of the BBC children's storytelling programme Jackanory, when he would illustrate the stories on a canvas as he was telling them. In 1993, he designed the five British Christmas issue postage stamps featuring episodes from A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens.

Blake is a member of the Chelsea Arts Club. He is patron of the Blake Society, Downing College's arts and humanities society. He is also a patron of "The Big Draw" which aims to get people drawing throughout the United Kingdom, and of The Nightingale Project, a charity that provides art to hospitals. Since 2006 he has produced work for several hospitals and mental health centres in the London area, a children's hospital (hopital Armand Trousseau) in Paris, and a maternity hospital in Angers, France. These projects are detailed in Blake's 2012 book Quentin Blake: Beyond the Page, which describes how, in his seventies, his work has increasingly appeared outside the pages of books, in public places such as hospitals, theatre foyers, galleries and museums. In 2007, he designed a huge mural on fabric, suspended over and thus disguising a ramshackle building immediately opposite an entrance to St Pancras railway station. The rendering of an "imaginary welcoming committee" greets passengers arriving on the Eurostar high-speed railway.

Blake is a supporter of and ambassador for the indigenous rights NGO Survival International. In 2009, he said, "For me, Survival is important for two reasons; one is that I think  right that we should give help and support to people who are threatened by the rapacious industrial society we have created; and the other that, more generally, it gives an important signal about how we all ought to be looking after the world. Its message is the most fundamental of any charity I'm connected with."

Blake is the Founding Trustee of House of Illustration, a centre in London for exhibitions, educational events and activities related to the art of illustration. He was also the subject of the first exhibition at this venue, entitled Inside Stories", which opened in July 2014. In August 2020, it was announced that the centre will be relocating to the 18th century Engine House at New River Head in the Clerkenwell area of London, and will be renamed the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration.

Besides children's books, Blake is also the designer of Ben, the logo of the shop chain Ben's Cookies. He designed several illustrations for the story time segments for the Scottish TV series Squeak!.

In 2023, Blake was asked by Blue Peter to design a new Blue Peter badge which they have called their Book badge.

Personal life
Blake has never been married nor had any children. He lives in South Kensington, West London, and has another house in Hastings, East Sussex.

Comics
Blake was additionally the artist behind the comic strip Waldo and Wanda, written by John Yeoman.

Selected works
The following books were both written and illustrated by Blake:
 Patrick (Jonathan Cape, 1968)
Jack and Nancy (Cape, 1969)
 Angelo (Cape, 1970)
 Snuff (Cape, 1973)
 Lester at the Seaside (William Collins, Sons, 1975)
 Lester and the Unusual Pet (Collins, 1975)
 The Adventures of Lester (BBC, 1977)
 Mister Magnolia (Cape, 1980) —winner of the Kate Greenaway Medal
 Quentin Blake's Nursery Rhyme Book (Cape, 1983)
 The Story of the Dancing Frog (Cape, 1984)
 Mrs Armitage On Wheels (Cape, 1987)
 Quentin Blake's ABC (Cape, 1989)
 All Join In (Cape, 1990) —winner of the Kurt Maschler Award for integrated text and illustration
 Cockatoos (Cape, 1992)
 Simpkin (Cape, 1993)
 The Quentin Blake Book of Nonsense Verse (Viking Press, 1994)
 Clown (Cape, 1995) —commended runner-up for the Greenaway Medal
 La Vie de la Page (Gallimard, 1995)
 Mrs Armitage and the Big Wave (Cape, 1997)
 Dix Grenouilles (Ten Frogs) (Gallimard, 1997)
 The Green Ship (Cape, 1998)
 Zagazoo (Cape, 1998)
 Zap! The Quentin Blake Guide to Electrical Safety (Eastern Electricity, 1998)
 Fantastic Daisy Artichoke (Cape, 1999)
 The Twelve Days of Christmas (Correspondence) (Atlantic Books, 1999)
 The Laureate's Party (Random House, 2000)
 Un Bateau Dans le Ciel (Rue du Monde, 2000)
 Words and Pictures (Cape, 2000)
 Tell Me a Picture (National Gallery, 2001)
 Loveykins (Cape, 2002)
 Laureate's Progress (Cape, 2002)
 Mrs Armitage, Queen of the Road (Cape, 2003)
 A Sailing Boat In The Sky (Random House: Red Fox, 2003)
 Angel Pavement (Cape, 2004)
 You're Only Young Twice (Andersen Press, 2008)
 Daddy Lost his Head (Andre Bouchard, 2009)
 Quentin Blake: Beyond the Page (Tate Publishing Ltd, 2012)
 "The Box of Delights; or, When the Wolves Were Running" John Masefield, Illustrated by Quentin Blake (Farshore, 2014)

Blake has illustrated a score of books by Roald Dahl.

He also illustrated the British edition of Agaton Sax, a Swedish-language series of comedy detective novels by Nils-Olof Franzén (originally illustrated by Åke Lewerth, 1955 to 1978).
 Agaton Sax and the Diamond Thieves, 1965
 Agaton Sax and the Scotland Yard Mystery, 1969
 Agaton Sax and the Max Brothers (a.k.a. Bank Robbers), 1970
 Agaton Sax and the Criminal Doubles, 1971
 Agaton Sax and the Colossus of Rhodes, 1972
 Agaton Sax and the London Computer Plot, 1973
 Agaton Sax and the League of Silent Exploders, 1974
 Agaton Sax and the Haunted House, 1975
 Agaton Sax and the Big Rig (extended), 1976
 Agaton Sax and Lispington's Grandfather Clock, 1978
Other
 The Learning Journey —National Curriculum, key stages 1 and 2, illustrated editions for parents
 Three Little Monkeys 2016, illustrated by Emma Chichester Clark
 Three Little Monkeys Ride Again 2019, illustrated by Emma Chichester Clark
 Three Little Monkeys at Christmas 2021, illustrated by Emma Chichester Clark

Honours and awards
Blake was the inaugural British Children's Laureate (1999–2001) and was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Arts in 2001, he received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award from the International Board on Books for Young People for his career contribution to children's literature in 2002. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2005 New Year Honours for his services to children's literature. In France he was made a Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2002 and elevated to Officer in 2007.

For Mister Magnolia, which he also wrote, Blake won the 1980 Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject. For the 50th anniversary of the Medal (1955–2005), a panel of experts named it one of the top ten winning works, which composed the ballot for a public election of the nation's favourite. He was also a highly commended Greenaway runner-up for The Wild Washerwomen: A new folk tale, by John Yeoman (1979), and a commended runner-up for Clown (1995), which he wrote himself. He made the Greenaway shortlist for Zagazoo (1998), which he wrote, and for Sad Book (2004) by Michael Rosen.

Blake won the Kurt Maschler Award, or the Emil, for All Join In (Jonathan Cape, 1990), which he wrote and illustrated. The award from Maschler Publications and Booktrust annually recognised one British "work of imagination for children, in which text and illustration are integrated so that each enhances and balances the other."

Blake was awarded the Prince Philip Designers Prize in 2011, and received the Eleanor Farjeon Award in November 2012. This annual award administered by Children's Book Circle recognises outstanding commitment and contribution to the world of British children's books. Blake was knighted in the 2013 New Year Honours for his services to illustration.

In March 2014, he was awarded the insignia of a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur at a ceremony at the Institut Français in London. He is also a Companion of the Guild of St George.

Blake was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to illustration.

See also

Notes

References

 D. Martin, "Quentin Blake", in Douglas Martin, The Telling Line: Essays On Fifteen Contemporary Book Illustrators (Julia MacRae Books, 1989), pp. 243–263
 Quentin Blake, "Research from an illustrator's point of view", in Research in Illustration: Conference Proceedings Part II (Brighton Polytechnic) (1981), pp. 25–61

External links

  (current);

 Lambiek Comiclopedia article.

1932 births
20th-century English writers
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English writers
Living people
English cartoonists
English caricaturists
English children's book illustrators
British children's book illustrators
English children's writers
English illustrators
English comics artists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Hans Christian Andersen Award for Illustration winners
Kate Greenaway Medal winners
Punch (magazine) cartoonists
Writers who illustrated their own writing
Academics of the Royal College of Art
Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge
Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Alumni of the University of the Arts London
Fellows of Chartered Society of Designers
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
British stamp designers
People from Sidcup
People educated at Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School
British Children's Laureate
Royal Designers for Industry
Guild of St George
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour

Quentin Blake


In Another Country () is a 2012 South Korean comedy-drama film written and directed by Hong Sang-soo. Set in a seaside town, the film consists of three parts that tell the story of three women, all named Anne and all played by French actress Isabelle Huppert. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as part of the 2013 Hong Kong International Film Festival.

Plot
The framing story has young film student, Won-joo (Jung Yu-mi) and her mother Park Sook (Youn Yuh-jung) hiding from their debtors in Mohang, a seaside town in Buan, North Jeolla. The bored younger woman sets out to write a screenplay whose plot will use the place they're staying in for the location, but eventually comes up with three variants, using the same basic idea in all of them.

In each case, Won-joo's protagonist is a "charming French visitor" named Anne (Isabelle Huppert): in the first section, she's a famous filmmaker visiting a fellow Korean director Jong-soo (Kwon Hae-hyo) and his very pregnant and jealous wife Geum-hee (Moon So-ri); in the second, she's the wife of a French motor company executive who comes to the same guesthouse to meet her lover, a Korean filmmaker, Moon-soo (Moon Sung-keun); in the third, she's a divorced housewife who arrives with her university lecturer friend Park Soon (again Youn Yuh-jung) for some peace and quiet, after her husband left her for his young Korean secretary.

Issues of infidelity are present in each story, as is a dim but muscular lifeguard (Yoo Jun-sang) whom Anne meets while strolling on the beach and looking (in all three episodes) for a mini-lighthouse.

As each "Anne" interacts with the locals, including Won-joo, who works at Anne's lodging and helps show her around, certain faces, situations and lines of dialogue recur, their effect and implications changing depending on context and delivery.

Cast
 Isabelle Huppert as Anne
 Yoo Jun-sang as a lifeguard
 Kwon Hae-hyo as Jong-soo
 Moon So-ri as Geum-hee
 Moon Sung-keun as Moon-soo
 Jung Yu-mi as Won-joo
 Youn Yuh-jung as Park Sook
 Kim Yong-ok as a bhikkhu

Production
Isabelle Huppert first met Hong Sang-soo at the Paris Cinémathèque in March 2011 at a retrospective of his films. She says, "I think the idea was already in his head, perhaps, the desire to work together."

Seoul, 2011. Huppert's photo exhibition La femme aux portraits (Woman of Many Faces) had just been unveiled and her film Copacabana was released in theaters. The actress came to Korea for the occasion and had meetings with the film directors she had always wanted to meet—namely Park Chan-wook, Lee Chang-dong, Bong Joon-ho, Im Sang-soo and of course, Hong. According to Hong, Huppert's casting happened when they were drinking makgeolli (a brewed Korean rice wine) at a restaurant in Seoul, a place that has often appeared in his films. Not expecting much, and in a casual tone that may have even sounded like a joke, he spoke to Huppert. "I'm about to start a new film. Nothing about it has been decided yet. Would you like to be in it?" Then came an astonishing reaction from her: "Yes!" Huppert replied without even a second of hesitation. "The film came to be what it is now when Isabelle decided to join it," says Hong. At the end of June, she came to Korea by herself to begin filming.

Huppert let herself be transported by a project without a script and was delighted to play the game, traveling to a beach town, Mohang, South Korea, in a very rainy season. "I don't know all his films, but I think he always works the same way. He starts with the place, finds the people, and only then, writes the script. So it gives an enigmatic cast to everything — and to the way we work. He has a curious, atypical relationship to his film. He's very exacting, and precise, and there are lots of takes, he's not ever in a rush," Huppert said. She said she adored working in foreign countries, and the cast and crew "all spoke Korean, and English was the only language I could speak with them; this added to the strangeness. In Korea, I was really alone, and it felt good. It was a very intimate shoot. He's a director who likes to shoot close up. Only a few weeks of shooting, but he works both fast and slow, in the sense that there are a lot of takes. Each filmmaker has his own rhythm, yet I had the impression that he was very surefooted. He filmed me in profile or from the back, like a figure in the landscape. I love the way he filmed me, just like any other woman in the landscape." Huppert said she loved the adventurous aspect to making this movie. "And adventure is at the vital center of the story."

Reception

Critical reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 83% based on 24 reviews, and an average rating of 6.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Awards and nominations
2012 Buil Film Awards
Nomination – Best Film
Nomination – Best Director – Hong Sang-soo
Nomination – Best Actor – Yoo Jun-sang
Nomination – Best Actress – Isabelle Huppert
Nomination – Best Supporting Actress – Moon So-ri

2012 Grand Bell Awards
Nomination – Best Supporting Actor – Yoo Jun-sang

See also
 Isabelle Huppert on screen and stage

References

External links

2012 films
2012 independent films
2012 comedy-drama films
South Korean independent films
South Korean drama films
Adultery in films
Films about interracial romance
Films directed by Hong Sang-soo
2010s Korean-language films
English-language South Korean films
Sponge Entertainment films
2010s English-language films
2012 multilingual films
South Korean multilingual films
2010s South Korean films

In Another Country (film)


Nasi ulam is a traditional Indonesian dish of steamed rice (nasi) served with various herbs and vegetables (ulam).

The herbs being used  especially the leaves of pegagan (Centella asiatica) or often replaced with kemangi (lemon basil), vegetables, spices and accompanied with various side dishes. This dish is a feature of Betawi and Malay cuisine with many variations and is commonly found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and southern Thailand. Nasi ulam is often served with sambal chilli paste.

History
Nasi ulam is a typical Betawi mixed rice. Nasi ulam is a cross of several culinary cultures that influence the variant of the nasi ulam and its side dishes. Some say that white rice topped with coconut serundeng (ulam) and peanuts is an Indian influence. In Indonesia, Nasi Ulam is not only found in Jakarta, but also in Sumatra and Bali. Ulam in Betawi language is the name for serundeng from grated coconut, which when stirred with hot white rice will bring out a savory and slightly spicy taste on the tongue.

The history of Nasi Ulam actually comes from Tangerang, banten, although it comes from Tangerang, this dish is rarely known by the surrounding community and is more associated with cuisine from Jakarta, this is because in the past many Nasi Ulam traders from Tangerang traded Nasi ulam to the Glodok, Jakarta, and there they introduced their cuisine to the local community, especially to Chinese Indonesians.

Not all Betawi people in Jakarta are familiar with all variations of Nasi Ulam, both wet (basah) and dry (kering). Wet ulam is only known among the Cina Benteng, Petak Sembilan, kawasan Pecinan, Tanjung Priok, Kemayoran, Matraman, dan Senen. Meanwhile, dried ulam is known in the Tebet, Kayumanis, and Mester Jatinegara areas. Betawi people usually eat rice ulam in the morning as one of the breakfast menus.

Variants

Indonesia
In Indonesia, nasi ulam can be found in Betawi (native Jakartans) cuisine as well as Bali and Sumatran Malay.

In Jakarta there are two types of nasi ulam, the wet (soupy) nasi ulam of northern and central Jakarta, and dry one of southern Jakarta. In Indonesia, nasi ulam usually spiced with kemangi herb, chili, sliced cucumber and sprinkled with peanuts granule and serundeng (grated and sauteed coconut). An array of other additional dishes are often added on top of nasi ulam, such as dendeng (beef jerky), telur dadar (omelette), perkedel (mashed potato fritter), fried tofu or tempeh, and krupuk.

Malaysia
Nasi ulam in Malaysia consist of cold boiled rice that is mixed with shredded herbs such as daun kaduk (wild pepper leaf), pucuk gajus (cashew leaf shoots), onions etc. Kerisik and other spices are also added. Sometimes shredded fried fish is mixed in. This version is common in northwest Peninsular Malaysia. A type of nasi ulam in northeast Peninsular Malaysia, in which the rice is dyed blue, is called nasi kerabu.

See also

Ulam (salad)
Nasi bogana
Nasi campur
Nasi goreng
Nasi kebuli
Nasi kerabu
Nasi kucing
Nasi kuning
Nasi lemak
Nasi liwet
Nasi pecel
Nasi tim
Nasi uduk

References

Indonesian rice dishes
Betawi cuisine
Malay cuisine
Malaysian rice dishes

Nasi ulam


Moses Thatcher (February 2, 1842 – August 21, 1909) was an apostle and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles  in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was one of only a few members of the Quorum of the Twelve to be dropped from the Quorum but to remain in good standing in the church and retain the priesthood office of apostle.

Early life
Thatcher was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, to Hezekiah Thatcher and Alena Kitchen. The Thatcher family joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1843, and moved to Macedonia, Illinois, and later to Nauvoo. Together, with the main body of the church, they began their trek westward in 1846 and arrived in the Salt Lake Valley in September 1847.

Hezekiah and Alena, with seven of their eight living children (including Thatcher), departed for California in 1849, seeking to acquire wealth through the Gold Rush. They returned to Utah Territory in 1857. Thatcher served a mission for the church at age 15, from which he returned in 1858. In 1859, the family settled in Cache Valley, where Thatcher helped Hezekiah locate canal and mill sites.

From 1860 to 1861, Thatcher studied at the University of Deseret. From 1866 to 1868, he served a second mission, this one to the United Kingdom and France. He later served as the church's first mission president in Mexico.

Apostolic service
Thatcher became an apostle and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in April 1879. He replaced Orson Hyde, who died on November 28, 1878.

From 1880 to 1898, Thatcher was the second assistant to Wilford Woodruff in the superintendency of the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association (YMMIA).

At the April 1896 General Conference of the church, Thatcher was dropped from the Quorum of the Twelve in consequence of his not being "in harmony" with the other leaders of the church about a proposed policy called "The Political Rule of the Church," commonly referred to as "the political Manifesto." This policy would have required that the general authorities of the church to obtain the approval of the First Presidency before seeking public office. This statement was signed by all the apostles at the time except Thatcher, who refused on grounds of conscience, citing the church's long-standing position on political neutrality. (Apostle Anthon Lund also did not sign the document due to his absence while presiding over the church's European Mission.)

However, Thatcher was not excommunicated from the church and retained his position in the leadership of the YMMIA. Thatcher remained supportive of the church after being removed from the Quorum, testifying on many occasions of the divinity of the work and the divinity of the calling of its leaders. Matthias F. Cowley replaced Thatcher in the Quorum of the Twelve. Thatcher held the priesthood office of apostle until his death.

Post-Quorum of the Twelve service
After being removed from the quorum, Thatcher testified in the Reed Smoot hearings held before the Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections. He was supportive of the church and its positions.

Thatcher died at his home on August 21, 1909, in Logan, Utah. He is buried in the Logan Cemetery.

See also

Notes

External links
 Moses Thatcher's Missionary Diaries Digital Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
 Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Moses Thatcher

1842 births
1909 deaths
19th-century Mormon missionaries
American Mormon missionaries in France
American Mormon missionaries in Mexico
American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
American general authorities (LDS Church)
Apostles (LDS Church)
Counselors in the General Presidency of the Young Men (organization)
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Illinois
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Mormon pioneers
People from Logan, Utah
People from Sangamon County, Illinois
University of Utah alumni
Utah Democrats

Moses Thatcher


Sea spiders are marine arthropods of the class Pycnogonida.

There are about 1,300 species of sea spiders, which are found around the world. Sea spiders are found in all oceans, including the Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, and the Arctic Ocean. Species found in coastal waters are usually small and have a leg span of about 1 inch (2.5 cm), those living at great depths, up to 24 inches (60 cm).

Sea spiders are not true spiders, or even arachnids. Their traditional classification as chelicerates would put them closer to true spiders than to other well-known arthropod groups, such as insects or crustaceans.

However, recent genetic evidence suggests they may be an ancient sister group to all other living arthropods.

Description
The sea spider has a small, narrow body. It usually has four pairs of long, thin legs attached to the abdomen. Attached to the head there are usually three other pairs of appendages—a pair called chelicerae, used for grasping food; a pair of sensory projections called palps; and a pair of egg-carrying legs (sometimes underdeveloped or absent in the female). The female lays round masses of eggs on the egg-carrying legs of the male, which carries the eggs until they hatch.

Distribution
On top of its head, the sea spider has a knobby projection bearing two, three, or four simple eyes. The head ends in a snout with a sucking mouth. Sea spiders feed by sucking the body juices of such marine animals as sea anemones, sponges, and sea squirts.

References

Chelicerata

Sea spider


Regiment of Women is the debut novel of Winifred Ashton writing as Clemence Dane. First published in 1917, the novel has gained some notoriety due to its more or less veiled treatment of lesbian relationships inside and outside a school setting. It is said to have inspired Radclyffe Hall to write The Well of Loneliness.

Title

"Regiment of women", which means "rule by women", are the final three words of the title of John Knox's polemical The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women (1558).

Plot outline

Set in a small town in Edwardian England, Regiment of Women is about the relationship between two teachers at a private (and elitist) girls' school. One of them, Clare Hartill, is in her mid-thirties and runs the school in all but name, the ageing and sickly headmistress depending on her whenever a decision has to be taken concerning the school or any of its pupils. Most of the girls are devoted to Hartill and gladly suffer under her strict but charismatic rule and the loads of homework she sets them, mainly to prove to her and to themselves that they are more academically advanced than she told them they were. Hartill lives alone near the school in a small, old-fashioned flat full of books but without gas or electricity.

The other teacher is Alwynne Durand, an attractive nineteen-year-old woman without any formal training who lives with Elsbeth Loveday, her unmarried aunt and guardian. When Durand starts teaching at the school she is immediately popular with her students but also excites Hartill's attention — not just because the young mistress is as enthusiastic about teaching as herself, but also because Hartill is always on the lookout for companionship. The two women become close friends, and Durand spends more and more of her spare time in Hartill's flat, occasionally not returning to her aunt's for days. The couple also travel abroad together during the summer holidays. Although Loveday and Hartill hardly ever meet, a strange kind of antagonism develops between them, each woman fighting to spend more time than they do with Alwynne Durand and to be the dominant person in Alwynne's life.

In the course of the schoolyear one of Hartill's protégées, an unfortunate fourteen-year-old called Louise who has disappointed Hartill by failing an important exam, commits suicide by jumping from an upper floor window of the school building. The suicide is successfully hushed up, pronounced a case of accidental death, and quickly forgotten. What Hartill deliberately fails to mention, however, is that Louise's death, which happened on the night of the school play, was apparently triggered by her harsh criticism of Louise's excellent performance in the play. In the months that follow, Hartill even manages to shift the burden of guilt onto Durand's shoulders, persuading the young mistress that she ought to have detected any suicidal tendencies in Louise while giving her extra lessons.

Hartill's increasingly bizarre and offensive behaviour and her naive niece's growing dependence on her older friend call Elsbeth Loveday to action. When, on top of her shattered nerves, Alwynne Durand comes down with the flu, Loveday insists on her not returning to school for the rest of the term and on recuperating from her illness in the country instead. Alwynne agrees, if reluctantly at first, to spend some time with distant relatives she has never met before. The idyllic spring landscape she encounters after leaving town actually soothes her nerves, and Alwynne grows more and more fond of country life and the people she meets in her new surroundings.

But Elsbeth Loveday's scheme includes more than her niece's mere convalescence. As planned by her aunt, Alwynne Durand finds a confidant, and secret admirer, in thirty-year-old Roger Lumsden, a good-hearted, intelligent and handsome man who runs his own gardening business. Completely inexperienced with men except for what she has read in novels, Alwynne does not recognise her feelings for Lumsden as love, and she still looks forward to her reunion with Hartill. When she eventually returns to her home town, Lumsden follows her, proposes to her, and, naturally, is rejected. Only when Hartill, too sure of her seemingly inseparable bond with Alwynne, continues treating her badly does Alwynne wake up to reality. She sends Hartill a telegram telling her she has taken the train to the country in order to get married.

See also

 See also the list of works with a school setting at School and university in literature.

References

Further reading
 Dolan, Jill: "Notes on a Scandal", The Feminist Spectator (14 January 2007).
 Donoghue, Emma: Inseparable: Desire Between Women in Literature (Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 2010).
 Faderman, Lillian: Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women from the Renaissance to the Present (The Women's Press: London, 1985).
 Hastie, Nicki: "The Muted Lesbian Voice: Coming Out of Camouflage" (1989).
 Hennegan, Alison: "Introduction", Regiment of Women, published by Virago Press (London, 1995) v-xiii.
 Julien, Heather: "School Novels, Women's Work, and Maternal Vocationalism", NWSA Journal, Vol.19, No.2 (Summer 2007) 118-137.
 "Latest Works of Fiction", The New York Times (4 February 1917) 33.
 Petley, Julian: Censorship. A Beginner's Guide (Oneworld: Oxford, 2009).

External links

1910s in LGBT history
1917 British novels
Feminist novels
Novels with lesbian themes
British LGBT novels
Works published under a pseudonym
Novels set in schools
1910s LGBT novels
1917 debut novels
Novels by Clemence Dane
Novels set in England

Regiment of Women


Apollonius of Tyana (; ; c. 15  – c. 100 AD) was a first-century Greek philosopher and religious leader from the town of Tyana, Cappadocia in Roman Anatolia, who spent his life travelling and teaching in the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia. He is a central figure in Neopythagoreanism and was one of the most famous "miracle workers" of his day.

His exceptional personality and his mystical way of life, which was regarded as exemplary, impressed his contemporaries and had a lasting cultural influence. Numerous legends surrounding him and accounts of his life are contained in the extensive Life of Apollonius, which collects a large part of the legendary material about Apollonius' life and work. A large part of the ancient legends of Apollonius consist of numerous reports about miracles that he was said to have performed as a wandering sage with his lifelong companion Damis.

He was tried for allegedly having used magic as a means of conspiring against the emperor; after his conviction and subsequent death-penalty, his followers believed he underwent heavenly ascension. Most modern scholars of antiquity agree that Apollonius existed historically.

Life dates
Apollonius was born into a respected and wealthy aristocratic Greek household. His primary biographer, Philostratus the Elder (circa 170c. 247), places him circa 3 BCc. 97 AD, however, the Roman historian Cassius Dio (c. 155 – c. 235 AD) writes that Apollonius was in his 40s or 50s in the 90s AD, from which the scholar Maria Dzielska gives a birth year of about 40 AD.

Sources
The earliest and by far the most detailed source is the Life of Apollonius of Tyana, a lengthy, novelistic biography written by the sophist Philostratus at the request of empress Julia Domna, wife of Septimus Severus. She died in 217 AD, and he completed it after her death, probably in the 220s or 230s AD. Philostratus's account shaped the image of Apollonius for posterity. To some extent it is a valuable source because it contains data from older writings that were available to Philostratus but disappeared later on. Among these works are an excerpt (preserved by Eusebius) from On Sacrifices, and certain alleged letters of Apollonius. The sage may have actually written some of these works, along with the no-longer extant Life of Pythagoras. At least two biographical sources that Philostratus used are lost: a book by the imperial secretary Maximus describing Apollonius's activities in Maximus's home city of Aegaeae in Aeolis and a biography by a certain Moiragenes. There also survives, separately from the life by Philostratus, a collection of letters of Apollonius, but at least some of these seem to be spurious.

One of the essential sources Philostratus claimed to know are the "memoirs" (or "diary") of Damis, an acolyte and companion of Apollonius. Some scholars claim that the notebooks of Damis were an invention of Philostratus, while others think it could have been a real book forged by someone else and naively used by Philostratus. Philostratus describes Apollonius as a wandering teacher of philosophy and miracle-worker who was mainly active in Greece and Asia Minor but also traveled to Italy, Spain, and North Africa, and even to Mesopotamia, India, and Ethiopia. In particular, he tells lengthy stories of Apollonius entering the city of Rome in disregard of emperor Nero's ban on philosophers, and later on being summoned, as a defendant, to the court of Domitian, where he defied the emperor in blunt terms. He had allegedly been accused of conspiring against the emperor, performing human sacrifice, and predicting a plague by means of magic. Philostratus implies that upon his death, Apollonius of Tyana underwent heavenly assumption.

How much of this can be accepted as historical truth depends largely on the extent to which modern scholars trust Philostratus, and in particular on whether they believe in the reality of Damis. Some of these scholars contend that Apollonius never came to Western Europe and was virtually unknown there until the 3rd century AD, when Empress Julia Domna, who was herself from the province of Syria, decided to popularize him and his teachings in Rome. For that purpose, so these same scholars believe, she commissioned Philostratus to write the biography, in which Apollonius is exalted as a fearless sage with supernatural powers, even greater than Pythagoras. This view of Julia Domna's role in the making of the Apollonius legend gets some support from the fact that her son Caracalla worshipped him, and her grandnephew emperor Severus Alexander may have done so as well.

Apollonius was also a well-known figure in the Islamic world, being referred to by the name Balinus.

Biography

Historical facts
With the exception of the Adana Inscription from the 3rd or 4th century AD, little can be derived from sources other than Philostratus.

The Adana Inscription has been translated by C.P. Jones as: "This man, named after Apollo, and shining forth from Tyana, extinguished the faults of men. The tomb in Tyana (received) his body, but in truth, heaven received him so that he might drive out the pains of men (or: drive pains from among men)." It is thought to have been brought from Cilicia, perhaps Aegae (Cilicia). However, Miroslav Marcovich translates part of the text as: "Sure enough, Apollonius was born in Tyana, but the full truth is that he was a heaven-sent sage and healer, a new Pythagoras."

As James Francis put it, "the most that can be said ... is that Apollonius appears to have been a wandering ascetic/philosopher/wonderworker of a type common to the eastern part of the early empire." What we can safely assume is that he was indeed a Pythagorean and as such, in conformity with the Pythagorean tradition, opposed animal sacrifice and lived on a frugal, strictly vegetarian diet. A minimalist view is that he spent his entire life in the cities of his native Asia Minor (Turkey) and of northern Syria, in particular his home town of Tyana, Ephesus, Aegae and Antioch, though the letters suggest wider travels, and there seems no reason to deny that, like many wandering philosophers, he at least visited Rome. As for his philosophical convictions, we have an interesting, probably authentic fragment of one of his writings (On sacrifices), in which he expresses his view that God, who is the most beautiful being, cannot be influenced by prayers or sacrifices and has no wish to be worshipped by humans, but can be reached by a spiritual procedure involving nous (intellect), because he himself is pure nous, and nous is the greatest faculty of humankind.

Miracles
Philostratus implies on one occasion that Apollonius had extra-sensory perception (Book VIII, Chapter XXVI). When emperor Domitian was murdered on 18 September 96 AD, Apollonius was said to have witnessed the event in Ephesus "about midday" on the day it happened in Rome, and told those present "Take heart, gentlemen, for the tyrant has been slain this day ...". Both Philostratus and renowned historian Cassius Dio report this incident, probably on the basis of an oral tradition. Both state that the philosopher welcomed the deed as praiseworthy tyrannicide.

Journey to India
Philostratus devoted two and a half of the eight books of his Life of Apollonius (1.19–3.58) to the description of a journey of his hero to India. According to Philostratus' Life, en route to the Far East, Apollonius reached Hierapolis Bambyce (Manbij) in Syria (not Nineveh, as some scholars believed), where he met Damis, a native of that city who became his lifelong companion. Pythagoras, whom the Neo-Pythagoreans regarded as an exemplary sage, was believed to have traveled to India. Hence such a feat made Apollonius look like a good Pythagorean who spared no pains in his efforts to discover the sources of oriental piety and wisdom. As some details in Philostratus' account of the Indian adventure seem incompatible with known facts, modern scholars are inclined to dismiss the whole story as a fanciful fabrication, but not all of them rule out the possibility that the Tyanean actually did visit India. Philostratus has him meet Phraotes, the Indo-Parthian king of Taxila, a city located in northern Ancient India in what is now northern Pakistan, around 46 AD. And the description that Philostratus provides of Taxila comports with modern archaeological excavations at the ancient site.

What seemed to be independent evidence showing that Apollonius was known in India has now been proven a forgery. In two Sanskrit texts quoted by Sanskritist Vidhushekhara Bhattacharya in 1943 he appears as "Apalūnya", in one of them together with Damis (called "Damīśa"), it is claimed that Apollonius and Damis were Western yogis, who later on were converted to the correct Advaita philosophy. Some have believed that these Indian sources derived their information from a Sanskrit translation of Philostratus' work (which would have been a most uncommon and amazing occurrence), or even considered the possibility that it was really an independent confirmation of the historicity of the journey to India. Only in 1995 were the passages in the Sanskrit texts proven to be interpolations by a late 19th-century forger.

Writings
Several writings and many letters have been ascribed to Apollonius, but some of them are lost; others have only been preserved in parts or fragments of disputed authenticity. Porphyry and Iamblichus refer to a biography of Pythagoras by Apollonius, which has not survived; it is also mentioned in the Suda. Apollonius wrote a treatise, On sacrifices, of which only a short, probably authentic fragment has come down to us.

Philostratus' Life and the anthology assembled by Joannes Stobaeus contain purported letters of Apollonius. Some of them are cited in full, others only partially. There is also an independently transmitted collection of letters preserved in medieval manuscripts. It is difficult to determine what is authentic and what not. Some of the letters may have been forgeries or literary exercises assembled in collections which were already circulated in the 2nd century AD. It has been asserted that Philostratus himself forged a considerable part of the letters he inserted into his work; others were older forgeries available to him.

Comparisons with Jesus
In Philostratus's description of Apollonius's life and deeds, there are a number of similarities with the life and especially the claimed miracles of Jesus. In the late 3rd century Porphyry, an anti-Christian Neoplatonic philosopher, claimed in his treatise Against the Christians that the miracles of Jesus were not unique, and mentioned Apollonius as a non-Christian who had accomplished similar achievements. During the Diocletianic Persecution, some writers cited Apollonius as an example in their polemics.  Hierocles, one of the campaigners for a stronger policy against Christians, wrote a pamphlet where he argued that Apollonius exceeded Christ as a wonder-worker and yet wasn't worshipped as a god and that the cultured biographers of Apollonius were more trustworthy than the uneducated apostles. This attempt to make Apollonius a hero of the anti-Christian movement provoked sharp replies from bishop Eusebius of Caesarea and from Lactantius. Eusebius wrote an extant reply to the pamphlet of Hierocles (Contra Hieroclem), where he claimed that Philostratus was a fabulist and that Apollonius was a sorcerer in league with demons.

Comparisons between Apollonius and Jesus became commonplace in the 17th and 18th centuries in the context of polemic about Christianity. Several advocates of Enlightenment, deism and anti-Church positions saw him as an early forerunner of their own ethical and religious ideas, a proponent of a universal, non-denominational religion compatible with reason. These comparisons continued into the 20th century.

 In 1680, Charles Blount, a radical English deist, published the first English translation of the first two books of Philostratus's Life with an anti-Church introduction.
 In the Marquis de Sade's Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man, the Dying Man compares Jesus to Apollonius as a false prophet.
 In his 1909 book The Christ, John Remsburg postulated that the religion of Apollonius disappeared because the proper conditions for its development did not exist. Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam thrived, however, because the existing conditions were favorable.
 Some early- to mid-20th-century Theosophists, notably C. W. Leadbeater, Alice A. Bailey and Benjamin Creme, have maintained that Apollonius of Tyana was the reincarnation of the being they call the Master Jesus. Helena Blavatsky in 1881 refers to Appolonius of Tyana as "the great thaumaturgist of the second century AD".
 In the mid 20th century, the American expatriate poet Ezra Pound evoked Apollonius in his later Cantos as a figure associated with sun-worship and as a messianic rival to Christ. Pound identified him  as Aryan within an antisemitic mythology, and celebrated his Sun worship and aversion to ancient Jewish animal sacrifice.
 In Gerald Messadié's The Man Who Became God, Apollonius appeared as a wandering philosopher and magician of about the same age as Jesus.
 Edward Gibbon compared Apollonius to Jesus in the footnotes to The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, saying "Apollonius of Tyana was born about the same time as Jesus Christ. His life (that of the former) is related in so fabulous a manner by his disciples, that we are at a loss to discover whether he was a sage, an imposter, or a fanatic." This led to controversy, as critics believed Gibbon was alluding to Jesus being a fanatic.
 Biblical scholar Bart D. Ehrman relates that he begins his introductory class on the New Testament, by describing an important figure from the first century without first revealing he is talking about the stories attached to Apollonius of Tyana:

Proponents of the Christ myth theory sometimes cite Apollonius as an example of the mythic hero archetype that they allege applies to Jesus as well. However, Erkki Koskenniemi has stated that Apollonius of Tyana is not a representative of a Hellenistic divine man and that there is no evidence that Christians constructed their paradigm of Jesus based on traditions associated with him. Moreover, the Christ myth theory is considered a fringe theory in scholarship and is generally not taken seriously.

Impact

Antiquity
In the 2nd century the satirist Lucian of Samosata was a sharp critic of Neo-Pythagoreanism. After 180 AD he wrote a pamphlet wherein he attacked Alexander of Abonoteichus, a student of one of Apollonius's students, as a charlatan and suggested that the whole school was based on fraud. From this we can infer that Apollonius really had students and that his school survived at least until Lucian's time. One of Philostratus's foremost aims was to oppose this view. Although he related various miraculous feats of Apollonius, he emphasized at the same time that his hero was not a magician but a serious philosopher and a champion of traditional Greek values.

When Emperor Aurelian conducted his military campaign against the Palmyrene Empire, he captured Tyana in 272 AD. According to the Historia Augusta he abstained from destroying the city after having a vision of Apollonius admonishing him to spare the innocent citizens.

In Late Antiquity talismans made by Apollonius appeared in several cities of the Eastern Roman Empire, as if they were sent from heaven. They were magical figures and columns erected in public places, meant to protect the cities from afflictions. The great popularity of these talismans was a challenge to the Christians. Some Byzantine authors condemned them as sorcery and the work of demons, others admitted that such magic was beneficial; none of them claimed that it didn't work.

In the Western Roman Empire, Sidonius Apollinaris was a Christian admirer of Apollonius in the 5th century. He produced a Latin translation of Philostratus's Life, which is lost.

Modern era

Beginning in the early 16th century, there was great interest in Apollonius in Europe, but the traditional ecclesiastical viewpoint prevailed, and until the Age of Enlightenment the Tyanean was usually treated as a demonic magician and a great enemy of the Church who collaborated with the devil and tried to overthrow Christianity.

Eliphas Levi claims to have raised the shade of Apollonius of Tyana in an occult ritual in London as described in his textbook on Magic, Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, 1854–1856.

Apollonius of Tyana in Bahá'í Scripture
The Tablet of Wisdom, written by Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, names "Balinus" (Apollonius) as a great philosopher, who "surpassed everyone else in the diffusion of arts and sciences and soared unto the loftiest heights of humility and supplication." In another text Bahá'u'lláh states that he "derived his knowledge and sciences from the Hermetic Tablets and most of the philosophers who followed him made their philosophical and scientific discoveries from his words and statements".

Apollonius of Tyana in contemporary literature and film
Edward Bulwer-Lytton refers to Apollonius in The Last Days of Pompeii and Zanoni as a great master of occult power and wisdom.

Apollonius appears in Gustave Flaubert's novel The Temptation of Saint Anthony, where he tempts the titular saint with divine wisdom and the power to perform miracles. As a miracle worker and neo-Pythagorean philosopher, the character of Apollonius is used as a bridge between the two sections of the book covering the temptations of human sages and the temptations of the gods.

Apollonius of Tyana is a major character in Steven Saylor's historical novel Empire, which depicts his confrontation with the harsh Emperor Domitian. Apollonius is shown confounding the Emperor (and many others) in quick-witted dialogue, reminiscent of Socrates. The book's plot leaves ambiguous the issue of whether Apollonius possessed true magical power or that he was able to use suggestion and other clever tricks.

Avram Davidson's science fiction novel Masters of the Maze has Apollonius of Tyana as one of a select group of humans (and other sentient beings) who had penetrated to the center of a mysterious "Maze" traversing all of space and time. There he dwells in eternal repose, in company with the Biblical Enoch, the Chinese King Wen and Lao Tze, the 19th-century Briton Bathurst, and various other sages of the past and future, some of them Martians.

In The Circus of Dr. Lao (1935) by Charles G. Finney, Apollonius appears in the employ of Dr. Lao's circus and brings a dead man back to life. Apollonius of Tyana is one of the 7 circus characters portrayed by Tony Randall in the 1964 film The Seven Faces of Dr. Lao. This character does not have any philosophical context, rather he is a sideshow attraction similar to a fortune-teller who, besides being blind, has been blessed with clairvoyance. While he always speaks the truth, ugly or not, about the future, he is accursed with an ironic fate - nobody ever believes what he says.

In television, Apollonius of Tyana was portrayed by Mel Ferrer in The Fantastic Journey episode entitled "Funhouse". Apollonius was banished centuries ago to a time zone by the gods for opposing them. When the time zone travelers led by the 23rd century healer and pacifist named Varian arrive at a seemingly abandoned carnival, Apollonius intends to lure them into his funhouse of horrors so that he can possess the body of one of the travelers and escape his eternal imprisonment.

Keats' poem Lamia mentions and discusses Apollonius.

Editions
 Philostratus: Apollonius of Tyana. Letters of Apollonius, Ancient Testimonia, Eusebius's Reply to Hierocles, ed. Christopher P. Jones, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2006 (Loeb Classical Library no. 458),  (Greek texts and English translations)
 Philostratus: The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, ed. Christopher P. Jones, vol. 1 (Books I–IV) and 2 (Books V–VIII), Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2005 (Loeb Classical Library no. 16 and no. 17),  and  (Greek text and English translation)

See also
 Bar-Jesus
 Christ figure
 Christ myth theory
 Jesus of Nazareth
 John the Baptist
 List of people who disappeared
 List of unsolved deaths
 Simon Magus

References

Sources
 Cerqueiro Daniel: El Taumaturgo (Apollonius of Tyana doxography), Buenos Aires 2005,
 C.P. Cavafy: "The Collected Poems: If Truly Dead" Translated by Aliki Barnstone,
 Graham Anderson: Philostratus. Biography and Belles Lettres in the Third Century A.D., London 1986,
 Jaap-Jan Flinterman: Power, Paideia and Pythagoreanism, Amsterdam 1995,
 James A. Francis: Subversive Virtue. Asceticism and Authority in the Second-Century Pagan World, University Park (PA) 1995,
 Maria Dzielska: Apollonius of Tyana in Legend and History, Rome 1986,

External links

A collation of resources on Apollonius of Tyana (including the Adana inscription)
Apollonius article at Livius.org
Epistolographi graeci, R. Hercher (ed.), Parisiis, editore Ambrosio Firmin Didot, 1873, pp. 110-130.
Letters in Flavii Philostrati opera, C. L. Kayser (edit.), 2 vol., Lipsiae, in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1870-71: vol. 1 pp. 345-368.
Philostratus's Life of Apollonius of Tyana

0s BC births
90s deaths
1st-century Greek philosophers
1st-century writers
Ancient Greek ethicists
Ancient Greek letter writers
Ancient Greek philosophers of mind
Formerly missing people
Greek centenarians
Greek hermits
Hellenism and Christianity
Men centenarians
Miracle workers
Missing person cases in Greece
Mystics
Neo-Pythagoreans
Occult writers
People from Kemerhisar
Unsolved deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain

Apollonius of Tyana


Pentrex Media Group, LLC, is an American producer and seller of railfan-related videos and DVDs. It was founded in 1984 and was originally headquartered in Pasadena, California.

The company discontinued the sale of VHS video tapes on July 31, 2009.  Until 1999, Pentrex also published books and magazines, and its magazine editorial offices were located in Waukesha, Wisconsin.  It continues to sell books and back issues of its defunct magazines, but no longer publishes any.  In August 1993, the company acquired Glendale-based Interurban Press, a publisher of books primarily about streetcars, interurbans and trolley buses, in business since the 1940s.  Initially, Pentrex continued publication of  books and all of the magazines it had acquired from Interurban Press, but these were gradually phased out, as the company concentrated on production and sales of videos and, later, DVDs.

The last magazines published by Pentrex were RailNews (ISSN 1091-2436) (formerly Pacific RailNews, ) and Vintage Rails, the final issues of which were those dated August 1999 and September/October 1999, respectively.  Pentrex also published Passenger Train Journal (ISSN 0160-6913) until 1996 and Locomotive & Railway Preservation magazine (ISSN 0891-7647) until 1997.  Passenger Train Journal resumed publication in late 2006, with a new publisher, White River Productions.

In 2007, the Midwest Book Review's "Wisconsin Bookwatch" recommended Pentrex as "the premier producer of railroading documentaries showcasing and highlight the trains and rail systems, the routes and histories, their engines, equipment, bridges, and more".

On April 7, 2017, the company merged with Highball Productions and moved from Pasadena to Indianapolis, Indiana.

See also
 List of railroad-related periodicals

References

External links
 Company website

Rail transport publishing companies
Rail transport magazines published in the United States
1984 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Pasadena, California
Waukesha, Wisconsin
Companies established in 1984

Pentrex