Angela McCluskey (born 28 February 1967) is a Scottish singer-songwriter based in California. She performs as a solo artist and as a member of the folk rock group Wild Colonials. McCluskey has also provided vocals for Curio and recorded the European dance hit and US Mitsubishi commercial hit "Breathe" among other songs with Télépopmusik (on albums Genetic World and Angel Milk). Angela also sang "Beautiful Things" for American Express and more recently her voice can be heard on the Schick Quattro commercial singing "I'm Not the Girl". Her songs have appeared on the soundtracks for the films Rachel Getting Married, Sherrybaby, The Beat That My Heart Skipped. Her music has also been featured in the TV series Grey's Anatomy.

Biography
Angela McCluskey was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 28 February 1967. She went to London and found work as a publicist, and then in the video department of EMI Records. In 1993, she relocated to Hollywood, California.

She is married to composer Paul Cantelon, whom she met in about 1992 in London where he was playing piano in a restaurant.

In Los Angeles in 1993, McCluskey and her friend Shark formed a band called Wild Colonials. Two albums, Fruit of Life (1994) and This Can't Be Life (1996), were followed by performances at 1997's Lilith Fair road show. During this period, Angela McCluskey worked with Dr. John, Cyndi Lauper, Deep Forest, Joe Henry, The The, Triptych, and Télépopmusik.

In 2003, McCluskey and Télépopmusik collaborated on a song titled "Breathe." The song was a transatlantic hit, entering the US Billboard Hot 100 and peaking in the Top 50 on the UK Singles chart. McCluskey collaborated with the group on several of the songs on their debut album, "Genetic World," and also lent her vocals to several songs on the group's 2005 follow-up, "Angel Milk."

In 2004, Angela McCluskey released her debut solo album The Things We Do on Manhattan Records/ Blue Note. The record was written and recorded in Manhattan and Sweden. It was produced by Shudder to Think's Nathan Larson.

In 2007, Bruce Weber featured McCluskey and her husband, Paul Cantelon, in the short film "Wine and Cupcakes" where the couple romps through Central Park while McCluskey does a spoken word voice-over of the song, If I Ruled the World, and then she sings Autumn in New York.

In 2009, McCluskey released her second solo album, "You Could Start a Fight in an Empty House", including the track "Handle with Grace" (featuring Télépopmusik).

In 2011, McCluskey performed her three-person show Catch a Falling Star in New York while also performing at Carnegie Hall. Angela also appears as a featured vocalist on Robbie Robertson's album "How to Become Clairvoyant". She also achieved a chart-topping hit that year with "In the Air", her collaboration with Morgan Page, which went to No. 1 on the Billboard Dance Airplay Chart. McCluskey's third solo record, Lambeth Palace, was released in 2012 and featured collaborations with Morgan Page, Ambrosia Parsley, and Richard Fortus. She also sang on "Stargazing", a collaboration with Delerium featured on their album Music Box Opera. The following year, Angela McCluskey released XIX with duo Christian Rich and also We Are the Future with Andy Caldwell (released on Nettwerk). In 2016, she sang on a song by Big Gigantic titled "Little Things." The group stated that they had heard a song on Pandora by Telepopmusik featuring McCluskey's vocals, which caught their attention.

Discography
 The Things We Do (Manhattan/Blue Note, 2004)
 Angela McCluskey EP (2004)
 You Could Start a Fight in an Empty House (Bernadette, 2009)
 Handle with Grace EP (Bernadette, 2010)
 Here Comes the Sun (Bernadette, 2011)
 Lambeth Palace (EP) (Believe, 2012)
 The Roxy Sessions (Bernadette, 2016)

with The Garden of Eden
 The Garden of Eden (1988)

with Wild Colonials
 Fruit of Life (1994)
 This Can't Be Life (1996)
 Reel Life, Vol. 1 (2000)
 Life As We Know It EP 1/4 (2007)

with TélépopmusikGenetic World (2001)
"Breathe"
"Smile"
"Love Can Damage Your Health"
"Yesterday Was a Lie"Angel Milk (2005)
"Don't Look Back"
"Love's Almighty"
"Brighton Beach"
"Nothing's Burning"

As a featured artist
 Deep Forest - "Will You Be Ready ft. Angela McCluskey and Chitose Hajime" on Music Detected (2002)
 Parov Stelar - "Parov Stelar feat. Angela McCluskey - Don't Believe What They Say" on The Demon Diaries (2015)
 Kendrick Lamar - "Is It Love ft. Angela McCluskey" on The Kendrick Lamar EP (2009)
 Morgan Page – Tell Me Why (2010)
 Robbie Robertson – "When the Night Was Young" on How to Be Clairvoyant Morgan Page, Sultan & Ned Shepard and BT – In the Air (Nettwerk, 2012)
 Delerium – "Stargazing" on Music Box Opera (Nettwerk, 2012)
 Angela McCluskey & Christian Rich – "XIX" (2012)
 Andy Caldwell – "We Are the Future" (Nettwerk)
 Maor Levi ft. Angela McCluskey - Pick Up The Pieces
 Paul Oakenfold feat. Angela McCluskey - You Could Be Happy
 Azealia Banks - "Ice Princess" (uncredited chorus vocals)
 Christian Rich - "Real Love" FW14 (2015)
 Big Gigantic - "The Little Things" (2 March 2016)

References

External links

 http://www.angelamccluskey.com
 Weber's short film, Wine and Cupcakes'', 2007

Living people
21st-century Scottish women singers
Scottish pop singers
Scottish women singer-songwriters
Scottish singer-songwriters
British emigrants to the United States
Women rock singers
Musicians from Glasgow
Musicians from Los Angeles
1967 births

Angela McCluskey


Péter Juhász (born 27 February 1971) is a Hungarian telemarketer, cannabis activist and politician, who served as leader of the Együtt party from February 2017 until its dissolution.

Business affairs
Since 1996, he worked for Budapest Bank as an employer and then head of department. Juhász earned a degree of communications and PR at the Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences (KJF) in 2000. He was involved in various telemarketing, trade and catering companies since 2001. His firm Juhász és Villányi Ltd. went bankrupt in 2003, as well as his other companies Peter, Peter & Partners Ltd. and Ó 17 Ltd. in 2006 and 2008, respectively. He was labelled that he owned various phantom companies to avoid the successful implementation of the tax regulations. Altogether, he owned 11 companies since 2001, six of them went bankrupt and were phantomized.

Activism
Juhász founded the Hemp Seed Association (Kendermag Egyesület) in 2002, which advocated for the legalization of "soft drugs" and the decriminalization of all kinds of drugs. In this capacity, Juhász and other activists organized a so-called "Civil Obedience Movement" in March 2005, under which dozens of cannabis users reported themselves to the police, including Juhász. The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (TASZ) provided legal assistance and representation for all activists involved in the movement. During the trial, Juhász declared that he grew and used cannabis solely to supply his own personal needs, and also presented a five-foot ripe cannabis plant before the court. In January 2006, he was sentenced to a fine of 70,000 HUF at first instance. The court of second instance confirmed the verdict against Juhász in December 2006; the court declared that Juhász "is extremely dangerous to the society, because he wanted to use criminal prosecution, the instrument of law and the court to proclaim the legalization of drug consumption". TASZ refused the argument and claimed "the courts are also places of freedom of expression".

He acted as spokesperson of the Hemp Seed Association until 2009, following that he was elected its president, replacing László Felső. Juhász vocally supported the ban of the Magyar Gárda in December 2007. He was an organizer of the Tarka Magyar! protest against ethnic and racial exclusion in October 2008. He was an anchorman at the Tilos Rádió from 2008 to 2012, and was a curator of its foundation. Simultaneously, he was also involved in the Romani program of the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union between 2009 and 2012.

Political career
Juhász organized a protest against Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's newly accepted Media Act on 20 December 2010. Thereafter he created a Facebook page named One Million for Press Freedom (Egymillióan a magyar sajtószabadságért), mostly known by its shorter name Milla. The movement participated in numerous protests in the following period and, by 2012, the Facebook page reached 100,000 likes. Juhász and some of his followers founded an association behind the Milla on 10 October 2012, and Juhász was elected its president. Former prime minister Gordon Bajnai announced his return to politics on 23 October 2012, during the anti-government demonstration of the Milla. Bajnai, Juhász and Péter Kónya (Hungarian Solidarity Movement) founded Together 2014 as a coalition of left-wing and liberal political movements and civil organizations to contrast the Orbán cabinet.

According to plans, Together 2014 would have been an umbrella organization of centre-left parties, similar to the Olive Tree in Italy which established against Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing coalition in 1995. However Politics Can Be Different (LMP) had rejected the cooperation in November 2012 and January 2013, and the Hungarian Socialist Party led by Attila Mesterházy gradually took over the initiative. The Together movement transformed itself into party on 8 March 2013, as only parties could take part in the election according to the rules. Three co-presidents were elected: Viktor Szigetvári (Patriotism and Progress Association), Péter Kónya (Solidarity) and Péter Juhász (Milla). The party was registered as "Together – Party for a New Era" because several other organizations overtaken the name "Together 2014" at the National Election Office. After Together entered into an electoral coalition with left-wing parties, including former PM Ferenc Gyurcsány's Democratic Coalition, Juhász offered his resignation and stepped down from his party's national list in the 2014 parliamentary election.

Péter Juhász ran as candidate of the position of mayor of Belváros-Lipótváros (5th District of Budapest) during the 2014 local elections, but received 30.26 percent of the vote and was defeated by Péter Szentgyörgyvölgyi (Fidesz). Nevertheless, he became a member of the local representative body. During his activity, he made public several corruption suspicious real estate transactions from the tenure of the previous Fidesz mayor Antal Rogán.

On 4 February 2017, Péter Juhász was elected as the party's new leader. He resigned as a member of the representative body in the 5th district in April.

Since March, Juhász urged the election cooperation of those "democratic opposition parties", which refuse both the Orbán regime and the former governing left-wing parties, who represent the "world before 2010". Juhász called his concept as "New Pole" (Új Pólus), with the possible participation of the Politics Can Be Different (LMP), the Dialogue for Hungary (PM), the Hungarian Two-tailed Dog Party (MKKP) and the Momentum Movement, in addition to his party. With that statement, Juhász refused the cooperation with the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), the Democratic Coalition (DK) and the Hungarian Liberal Party (MLP) for 2018 parliamentary election. According to a Medián opinion poll published in July 2017, this hypothetical alliance would receive 16 percent of the vote in the next election. While the Together and the PM renewed their alliance in accordance with Juhász's "New Pole" concept on 4 October 2017, both LMP and Momentum Movement had rejected the election cooperation with other parties. On 23 June 2017, MP Zsuzsanna Szelényi announced that she resigned from her position in the party leadership and quit Together, after losing the election for the party leadership in February against Péter Juhász. She also disagreed with the new direction and method of politics, installed by Juhász and criticized the new president's guerrilla campaign methods and media PR campaigns and "ostentatious performances". She also said that she would retain her parliamentary mandate.

In January 2018, leaders of the party announced that Together will participate in the 2018 national election separately. Former party president Viktor Szigetvári was nominated their candidate for the position of prime minister. Juhász intended to run as a candidate in the 5th district of Budapest, but, following a domestic violence scandal, when it was revealed that he assaulted his former life partner physically, withdrew his nomination in order to support a single opposition candidate against Fidesz politician István Hollik. The Together party failed to reach 5% electoral threshold, receiving 0.66 percent of the vote. According to the laws, Together had to repay the state aid of HUF 150 million to the state budget, as a result Juhász organized a fundraising campaign. The Together ceased to exist on 2 June 2018.

References

1971 births
Living people
Politicians from Budapest
Together (Hungary) politicians
Hungarian cannabis activists

Péter Juhász (politician)


Wallace Henry Thurman (August 16, 1902 – December 22, 1934) was an American novelist and screenwriter active during the Harlem Renaissance. He also wrote essays, worked as an editor, and was a publisher of short-lived newspapers and literary journals. He is best known for his novel The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life (1929), which explores discrimination within the black community based on skin color, with lighter skin being more highly valued.

Early life
Thurman was born in Salt Lake City to Beulah and Oscar Thurman. When Thurman was less than a month old, his father abandoned his wife and son. It was not until Wallace was 30 years old that he met his father. Between his mother's many marriages, Wallace and his mother lived in Salt Lake City with Emma Jackson, his maternal grandmother. Jackson ran a saloon from her home, selling alcohol without a license.

Thurman's early life was marked by loneliness, family instability and illness. He began grade school at age six in Boise, Idaho, but his poor health eventually led to a two-year absence from school, during which he returned to his grandmother Emma in Salt Lake City. From 1910 to 1914, Thurman lived in Chicago. Moving with his mother, he finished grammar school in Omaha, Nebraska. During this time, he suffered from persistent heart attacks. While living in Pasadena, California in the winter of 1918, Thurman caught influenza during the worldwide Influenza Pandemic. He recovered and returned to Salt Lake City, where he finished high school.

Thurman was a voracious reader. He enjoyed the works of Plato, Aristotle, Shakespeare, Havelock Ellis, Flaubert, Charles Baudelaire and many others. He wrote his first novel at the age of 10. He attended the University of Utah from 1919 to 1920 as a pre-medical student. In 1922 he transferred to the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, but left without earning a degree.

While in Los Angeles, he met and befriended the writer Arna Bontemps, and became a reporter and columnist for a black-owned newspaper. He started a magazine, Outlet, intended to be a West Coast equivalent to The Crisis, operated by the NAACP.

Career
In 1925 Thurman moved to Harlem. During the next decade, he worked as a ghostwriter, a publisher, and editor, as well as writing novels, plays, and articles. In 1926, he became the editor of The Messenger, a socialist journal addressed to blacks. There he was the first to publish the adult-themed stories of Langston Hughes. Thurman left the journal in October 1926 to become the editor of World Tomorrow, which was owned by whites. The following month, he collaborated in founding the literary magazine Fire!! Devoted to the Younger Negro Artists. Among its contributors were Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Bruce Nugent, Aaron Douglas, and Gwendolyn B. Bennett.

He was able to publish only one issue of Fire!!. It challenged such figures as W. E. B. Du Bois and African Americans who had been working for social equality and racial integration. Thurman criticized them for believing that black art should serve as propaganda for those ends. He said that the New Negro movement spent too much energy trying to show white Americans that blacks were respectable and not inferior.

Thurman and others of the "Niggerati" (the deliberately ironic name he used for the young African American artists and intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance) wanted to show the real lives of African Americans, both the good and the bad. Thurman believed that black artists should fully acknowledge and celebrate the arduous conditions of African American lives. As Singh and Scott wrote,

Thurman's Harlem Renaissance is, thus, staunch and revolutionary in its commitment to individuality and critical objectivity: the black writer need not pander to the aesthetic preferences of the black middle class, nor should he or she write for an easy and patronizing white approval.

During this time, Thurman's flat in a rooming house, at 267 West 136th Street in Harlem, became the central meeting place of African-American literary avant-garde and visual artists. Thurman and Hurston mockingly called the room "Niggerati Manor." He had painted the walls red and black, which were the colors he used on the cover of Fire!! Nugent painted murals on the walls, some of which contained homoerotic content.

In 1928, Thurman was asked to edit a magazine called Harlem: A Forum of Negro Life; its contributors included Alain Locke, George Schuyler, and Alice Dunbar-Nelson. He put out only two issues.  Afterward, Thurman became a reader for a major New York publishing company, the first African American to work in such a position.

Langston Hughes described Thurman as "...a strangely brilliant black boy, who had read everything and whose critical mind could find something wrong with everything he read." Thurman's dark skin color attracted comment, including negative reactions from both black and white Americans. He used such colorism in his writings, attacking the black community's preference for its lighter-skinned members.

Thurman wrote a play, Harlem, which debuted on Broadway in 1929 to mixed reviews. His theatrical agent was Frieda Fishbein. The same year his first novel The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life (1929) was published. The novel is now recognized as a groundbreaking work of fiction because of its focus on intra-racial prejudice and colorism within the black community, where lighter skin has historically been favored.

Three years later Thurman published Infants of the Spring (1932), a satire of the themes and the individuals of the Harlem Renaissance.  He co-authored his final novel, The Interne (1932), with Abraham L. Furman, a white man.

Thurman worked in the late 1920s as a screenwriter for Fox, MGM, and Pathe studios. His film credits as a screenwriter include Tomorrow's Children and High School Girl, both released in 1934.

Personal life
Shortly after he moved to New York, Thurman was arrested for having sex with a man. He publicly denied being gay and feared that others would discover that he was.

Thurman married Louise Thompson on August 22, 1928. The marriage lasted only six months. Thompson said that Wallace was a homosexual and refused to admit it. They had no children together.

Death
Thurman died at the age of 32 from tuberculosis, which many suspect was exacerbated by his long fight with alcoholism.

See also

Harlem Renaissance
African American literature

Notes

References
Singh, Amritjit and Daniel M. Scott (2003). The Collected Writings of Wallace Thurman: A Harlem Renaissance Reader.  Rutgers University Press
Aberjhani and West, Sandra, eds. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance, "Wallace Thurman", (2003). Checkmark Press
Rampersad, Arnold (1986). The Life of Langston Hughes Volume 1: I, Too, Sing America. Oxford University Press
Hughes, Langston. The Big Sea. New York: Hill and Wang, 1994.  (pgs 233 through 238)
Huggins, Nathan Irvin. Harlem Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

External links
 Detailed biography of Thurman
Wallace Thurman at glbtq
Wallace Thurman Collection. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

1902 births
1934 deaths
20th-century American novelists
African-American screenwriters
American male novelists
American gay writers
African-American LGBT people
Writers from Salt Lake City
American male screenwriters
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in New York (state)
American LGBT novelists
Harlem Renaissance
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Utah
Screenwriters from Utah
20th-century American screenwriters
Alcohol-related deaths in New York City
African-American novelists
20th-century African-American writers
20th-century American LGBT people
African-American male writers

Wallace Thurman


Uru, also known as Fat Boat in English, is a type of dhow made in Beypore, Kerala, in the southwestern coast of India.

This type of boat has been used by the Arabs since ancient times as trading vessels, and even now, urus are being manufactured and exported to Arab nations from Beypore. These boats used to be built of several types of wood, the main one being teak. The teak was taken from Nilambur forests in earlier times, but now imported Malaysian teak is used. A couple of boat-building yards can still be found near the Beypore port.

Etymology

History
The art of Uru making in Beypore, on the northern coast of Kerala, is as old as the beginnings of India's maritime trade with Mesopotamia. Islands dotting the Chaliyar river have continued the tradition for over a millennium.

Construction
As an art passed down through generations, Uru-making is an undocumented practice. There are no build plans, sketches, drawings, or blueprints that the makers refer to. From conception to completion, it is all in the mind of the master carpenter or maistry of a yard, who assigns work to his assistants on a daily basis, so as to keep the secrecy that shrouds the technology intact.

See also
Pattamar
Kattumaram

References

External links

The Origins and Ethnological Significance of Indian Boat Designs
Pattamar
Vele dell'Oceano Indiano e dell'Indonesia
Old Photos of Bombay

Boat types
History of Kerala
Dhow types
Economy of Kerala
Tall ships

Uru (boat)


Bull Bay () is a village and bay on the northern coast of Anglesey, Wales, close to Amlwch. Its Welsh name, Porth Llechog, means "sheltered bay".  The English name is derived from Pwll y Tarw ("the bull's pool"), which is located near the shore close to the bay.

The village is located on the A5025. It is the most northerly village in Wales. Also, it contains Wales' most northerly golf course which was opened and funded by a local aristocrat in 1913 to a design by Herbert Fowler. The island of East Mouse lies within the bay, the coastline of which is rocky and contains many caves. Some of these rocks are over 570 million years old which make them amongst the oldest in Wales. The population as of the 2011 census was 287 with 61% having no form of Welsh identity.

Bull Bay is the home of Trireme Ynys Mon Rowing Club, a sea rowing club affiliated with the Welsh Sea Rowing Association. It mainly races with three classes of boat: Pembrokeshire Longboat, Celtic Longboat and Euro, with a boathouse near the site of the former lifeboat station.

Lifeboat Station

In 1867 the RNLI opened the Bull Bay Lifeboat Station. A 32 ft boat named "Eleanor" was first in action in 1871, saving the crew of the schooner "Albion", and in 1877 rescued 20 passengers from the SS Dakota. The next two boats were both name "Curling", first a 34-foot self-righting Woolfe & Son which was called out 6 times in 5 years, then a self-righting boat by Henderson & Co which cost £441 and continued in service until 1903. "Jamie Cullen" a 38 ft Watson Class non self-righting boat arrived in 1904 at a cost of £993 from a legacy of Miss Marianne Cullen of Nottingham, which also required a new boat house. In June 1924 the RNLI closed the station. In 58 years the Bull Bay lifeboats were launched 41 times saving 63 lives and 7 ships.

References

External links
photos of Bull Bay and surrounding area on geograph

Amlwch
Bays of Anglesey
Villages in Anglesey

Bull Bay, Anglesey


Sherman Oaks Galleria is an open-air shopping mall and business center located in the Sherman Oaks neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, at the corner of Ventura and Sepulveda Boulevards in the San Fernando Valley.

The teenage mall culture which formed around it and nearby malls formed the basis of the 1982 satirical song "Valley Girl" by Frank Zappa and daughter Moon Zappa, which mentions the Galleria by name, though it misattributes its location as Encino, which it abuts. The mall has been a shooting location for many films, most notably the seminal 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High as well as the 1983 film Valley Girl, both of which focused on the early 1980s San Fernando Valley youth culture.

History
The three-level mall was built on the site of Moses Sherman's original 1911 thousand-acre investment in the area, at the present-day intersection of Ventura and Sepulveda boulevards.  It opened on October 30, 1980 with two department stores. Robinsons anchored the south, May Company anchored the north. Pacific Theatres' Pacific 4 opened in December 1980, and occupied the uppermost level of the mall.  The mall became famous in the early 1980s as being the center of the teenage mall culture and a well-known teenage hangout.

The Galleria formed the basis of the Frank Zappa/Moon Unit Zappa 1982 satirical single "Valley Girl" from Zappa's album Ship Arriving Too Late To Save A Drowning Witch.
Following on the popularity of the song, the TV show Real People hosted an Ultimate Valley Girl competition (referred to as "a nightmare" by contest judge Moon Zappa), at the Galleria. In 1993, Robinsons and May Company merged, forming Robinsons-May. Both stores in the mall were converted to Robinsons-May, the north store becoming a Men's and Home store, and the south store becoming a Women's and Children's store.

The 1990s saw business at the Galleria decline. In January 1994, the mall closed for 11 days for repairs following the Northridge earthquake. Although the mall reopened quickly, Robinson-May didn't re-open its south wing store for four years following the earthquake, and many smaller stores on that floor closed. During that closure, the mall suffered due to having only one main anchor store.  Mall management sued to evict Robinson-May in 1998, alleging that the delay was a lease violation and caused the store closures. R-M countersued, claiming that poor mall promotion and management were the cause.  Closures continued through the 1990s until a gift and jewelry shop was one of the few remaining stores in 1999.

The mall closed in April 1999 for a major renovation and reopened in 2002 as an open-air center which was quite different from its previous incarnation. The new layout was termed "mixed-use".  The only remnant of the original mall is the court where the Pacific 16 Theatres is located, which are on the uppermost of what was previously the southern Robinsons-May store. The majority of the remaining mall was turned into offices.

Warner Bros. set up offices in what was once one of the mall entrances. Several mortgage companies and financial services providers are headquartered within the center. Additional tenants include 24 Hour Fitness, Burke Williams Day Spa, DSW Shoe Warehouse, DeVry University, Paul Mitchell, as well as several major restaurant chains , including Cheesecake Factory, P. F. Chang's China Bistro, Buffalo Wild Wings, Starbucks & Frida Mexican Cuisine. The remodeling and new construction were designed by Gensler and built by Peck/Jones Construction, which in 2005 filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

In June 2007, the Pacific Galleria 16 Theaters changed into an ArcLight Cinemas, as Pacific Theaters own the ArcLight brand. The transformation began gradually, with re-branding at the start, and renovation throughout the summer of 2007. The theater was closed for three months to complete the process.  In April 2021, Pacific Theatres & ArcLight Cinema declared they would not reopen any of their 18 locations following the COVID-19 pandemic.

On June 18, 2021, the same day Pacific Theatres filed for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, John Khamneipur, General Manager for owners Douglas Emmett, announced their lease with Regal Cinemas, the first of the former ArcLight/Pacific Theatres to announce such news. The theater reopened in July 2021 as part of the Regal Cinemas chain with a $10M added IMAX, Regal RPX, ScreenX, & 4DX.

In January 2023, Regal Cinemas announced that the theater would close on February 15 of that year unless the lease was renegotiated. In May 2023, Regal reached a new lease agreement with the galleria to continue operating the theater.

In September 2022, it was announced that Hertz would move its HQ to Sherman Oaks Galleria in which move represents office reduction. Robert Licht said that there would be a ton of internal consideration that goes to an investment.

Use in films
The Galleria was featured in scenes in several films. Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Valley Girl(aerial, exterior shots), Night of the Comet,
Commando, Back to the Future Part II, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Albert Brooks' Mother,
Phantom of the Mall: Eric's Revenge, Walk Like a Man (1987), Innerspace and Chopping Mall were filmed at the Galleria, as were scenes for the 2011 release Crazy, Stupid, Love.

References

External links
Official website of Sherman Oaks Galleria
Deadmalls.com writeup on the mall

Shopping malls in the San Fernando Valley
Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles
Shopping malls established in 1980
Shopping malls in Los Angeles

Sherman Oaks Galleria


Xu Jie (; born March 1955) is a former Chinese politician. He was formerly the deputy director of the State Bureau for Letters and Calls (国家信访局; SBLC). He joined the workforce in April 1974. Between 1978 and 1982 he studied at Renmin University and graduated with a degree in economics. Since 1989 he has worked in the state petitioning system as an officer. He worked briefly as a deputy county governor in Changyi County, Shandong province between 1992 and 1993. He began working as the General Office chief of the SBLC in 2000. He then joined the organization's party group and became deputy director in 2005.

On November 28, 2013, Xu was abruptly dismissed from his position as deputy director. He then underwent investigation by the party's internal disciplinary organ. On June 27, 2014, the party investigation concluded that Xu abused his power for the gain of associated organizations and individuals, solicited and accepted "massive bribes", and "committed adultery". He was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party. In December 2015, he was sentenced to 13 years in prison, for taking bribes of over 6.1 million yuan (~$950,000), and using the convenience of his office to doctor documents related to petitions.

References

Living people
Chinese Communist Party politicians
Renmin University of China alumni
Politicians of the People's Republic of China
20th-century Chinese politicians
21st-century Chinese politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)

Xu Jie (politician, born 1955)


Hollogne-aux-Pierres () is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality  of Grâce-Hollogne, located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

It was a municipality of its own before its fusion with Grâce-Berleur on July 10, 1970.

It is in this area that the police, on 30 July 1950, opened fire on the inhabitants of Grâce-Berleur, killing four people. This sad event is the tragic element which led to the end of the Royal Question.

Former municipalities of Liège Province
Grâce-Hollogne

Hollogne-aux-Pierres


Inés Rodena (April 20, 1905 in Havana, Cuba – April 15, 1985 in Miami, USA) was a Cuban radio and television writer.

Life and career
Before becoming a writer Rodena worked as a nurse. Through her experiences with her patients and stories recounted by people with whom she came in contact, her passion for writing was born.

In the 50s she wrote her first novel, La Gata (The Cat) for radio, which was a great success. In 1968 she brought La Gata to television with great success under the production of the Venezuelan state television channel.

In 1969 she went to work at Radio Caracas Television. In 1971, she recorded La usurpadora (The Usurper). Agnes' novels all met with great success, being recorded in Mexico, Venezuela and other Latin American countries. Rachel, Rina, Viviana, Los ricos también lloran (The Rich Also Cry), and Rosa salvaje (Wild Rose) are some of her greatest hits.

She died on April 15, 1985, aged 79.

Filmography
 Abandonada
 Ambición
 Charito Carvajal
 Corina Bazán
 Cuando la rival es una hija
 Cuando se regala un hijo
 Domenica Montero
 Enamorada
 Entre sombras
 Ileana
 La bastarda
 La doctorcita
 La galleguita
 La gata
 La gaviota
 La madrastra
 La mesera
 La señorita Amalia
 La usurpadora
 La virgen de Barlovento
 La virgen de Cerro
 Lágrimas negras
 Los ricos también lloran
 Mademoseville Fabian
 María Mercé la mulata
 María Salomé
 Milagro de amor
 Muchachas de hoy
 Nosotros los pobres
 Pobre Millonaria
 Regina Carbonell
 Sacrificio de mujer
 Valentina

References

1905 births
1985 deaths
Cuban screenwriters
Women television writers
Cuban radio writers
Women radio writers
Writers from Havana
20th-century Cuban women writers
20th-century screenwriters
Cuban emigrants to the United States

Inés Rodena


Nierstein-Oppenheim is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Mainz-Bingen (Rheinhessen) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approx. 15 km south-east of Mainz. On 1 July 2014 it merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz.

The Verbandsgemeinde consisted of the following eleven Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

 Dalheim
 Dexheim
 Dienheim
 Friesenheim
 Hahnheim
 Köngernheim
 Mommenheim
 Nierstein
 Oppenheim
 Selzen
 Undenheim

External links
 Official portal of Nierstein-Oppenheim

Former Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate

Nierstein-Oppenheim


Pedro de Avendaño a Spanish soldier that had arrived in Chile with the army of García Hurtado de Mendoza in 1557.  He distinguished himself in the Battle of Millarapue.  He later served in the garrison of Cañete under captain Alonso de Reinoso.  Reinoso eventually found an Indian who betrayed the location of the fugitive Mapuche toqui Caupolicán.  Avendaño, with 50 men and the traitorous Indian as a guide, marched in stormy weather into the mountains to Pilmaiquén and captured Caupolicán as he was planning a new counter-offensive against the Spanish, near the modern Antihuala, on February 5, 1558.  He brought the toqui back to Cañete where he was eventually executed by impalement at the order of corregidor Reinoso.

Given an encomienda in Purén, his bad treatment of the natives in his charge was infamous among the Mapuche.  During the short interim governorship of Rodrigo de Quiroga following the departure of Mendoza, in July 1561, Avendaño and two other Spaniards were ambushed and killed and their heads taken by a group of Mapuche under Guenupilqui near Purén.  News of this killing and the display of the heads, triggered the second great Mapuche revolt in the Arauco War.

References

Sources
 Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo, Historia de Todas las Cosas que han Acaecido en el Reino de Chile y de los que lo han gobernado (1536-1575) (History of All the Things that Have happened in the Kingdom of Chile and of those that have governed it (1536-1575), Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile, Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 75–224, (on line in Spanish)
  Capítulo XXVIII
  Capítulo XXXIII
 Pedro Mariño de Lobera, Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera....reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575).  Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (on line in Spanish)
  Capítulo XI
 Diego de Rosales,  Historia general de el Reino de Chile, Flandes Indiano, Tomo II; Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, Impr. del Mercurio, 1878. Original from Harvard University, Digitized May 21, 2007

1561 deaths
Spanish explorers
People of the Arauco War
16th-century Spanish people
Year of birth unknown

Pedro de Avendaño


Creatures the World Forgot is a 1971 British adventure film directed by Don Chaffey and produced and written for Hammer Films by Michael Carreras. The film concentrates on the daily struggle to survive of a tribe of Stone Age men. Very little dialogue is spoken throughout the film, apart from a few grunts and gestures.

Plot synopsis
A volcano erupts and an earthquake opens up a crevasse, swallowing up many members of the 'Dark Tribe'. The tribal leader is killed and a fight for leadership between two survivors, Mak (Brian O'Shaughnessy) and Zen, soon breaks out. Mak is victorious and leads the surviving tribe members across a desert in search of a new home.  They meet and befriend a tribe of fair-haired people. The leader of the fair-haired people presents Mak with a girl, Noo, as a wife. Mak offers a girl in exchange, but she already has a mate. She tries to escape with her mate, but they are caught and killed. The Dark tribe move on and eventually settle in a fertile valley where they flourish. Noo gives birth to twin boys on the same day another woman gives birth to a mute girl. The tribe demand that the girl be sacrificed, but a lightning strike convinces the tribes' old witch to adopt her as her apprentice.

Years later, the now adolescent twins, (dark haired Rool and fair haired Toomak) fight for their father's attention. Rool tries to rape the mute girl. She escapes but falls into the grasp of a marauding tribe. Toomak leads Mak and the other tribesmen to the marauders' cave. A battle ensues and the marauders' chief is killed by Toomak. Toomak rescues the mute girl and takes the defeated chief's daughter, Nala, as his wife. Mak names Toomak as his successor as tribal chief and then dies of wounds sustained in the battle. Rool disputes the decision and he fights with Toomak in a ritualised battle. On the brink of victory, Toomak spares his brother's life. Toomak decides to leave, taking Nala and half the tribe with him. Consumed with hatred for his brother, Rool decides to track Toomak down. Rool and his men are attacked by a forest tribe, but are rescued by Toomak. Rool, still hating his brother, abducts Nala. Toomak chases after Rool. At the top of a cliff, Rool stakes Nala to a pyre. Toomak and Rool fight whilst Nala frees herself (only to be caught in the grasp of a python). Toomak saves Nala whilst the mute girl stabs an effigy of Rool, sending him falling to his death.

Production
All of the exterior sequences were shot in Namibia and South Africa. The film is the fourth and last of Hammer's "Cave Girl" sequence of films, directed by Don Chaffey and assistant director Simon Petersen, preceded by One Million Years B.C. (1966) (also directed by Don Chaffey), Prehistoric Women (1967) and When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth (1970). Like the other films, it trades heavily on the audience appeal of scantily-clad tribeswomen. This film eschews the stop-motion animated dinosaurs of the first and third of the series.

Creatures the World Forgot is not related to two later, similarly titled films, The Land That Time Forgot (1975), and The People That Time Forgot (1977). These were made by Amicus Productions and both starred Doug McClure.

Cast
Julie Ege – Nala
Tony Bonner – Toomak
Brian O'Shaughnessy – Mak
Robert John – Rool
Sue Wilson – Noo
Rosalie Crutchley – The Old Crone
Marcia Fox – The Dumb Girl
Don Leonard – The Old Leader

References

External links

 Creatures the World Forgot at British Film Institute

1971 films
British fantasy adventure films
Films set in prehistory
1970s English-language films
1970s fantasy adventure films
Films directed by Don Chaffey
Hammer Film Productions films
Films shot in Namibia
Films scored by Mario Nascimbene
1970s British films

Creatures the World Forgot


The Cadillac Escalade is a full-size luxury SUV engineered and manufactured by General Motors. It was Cadillac's first major entry into the SUV market. The Escalade was introduced for the 1999 model year in response to an influx of new luxury SUVs in the late 1990s such as the Mercedes-Benz M-Class, Range Rover and Lexus LX as well as Ford's 1998 release of the Lincoln Navigator. The Escalade project went into production only ten months after it was approved. The Escalade is built in Arlington, Texas. The word "escalade" refers to a siege warfare tactic of scaling defensive walls or ramparts with the aid of ladders or siege towers. More generally, it is a French word which is the noun-equivalent form of the French verb escalader, which means "to climb or scale".

The Escalade is currently sold in North America and select international markets (Europe and Asia) where Cadillac has official sales channels. The Escalade ESV (Escalade Stretch Vehicle) is sold in North America, Russia, and Middle East but is available by special order only in some international markets. The right-hand-drive Escalade and Escalade ESV are available through the third-party conversion specialists without official agreement with Cadillac in Australian, Oceanic, and Japanese markets.

On August 8, 2023, GM unveiled the Escalade IQ, an all-electric version of the Escalade, and the third model in Cadillac's EV line, after the Celestiq, and Lyriq. It is expected to go on sale in late 2024 for the 2025 model year, with a starting price of $130,000.

First generation (1999)

The introduction of the Lincoln Navigator in the 1998 model year necessitated that General Motors be able to compete in the burgeoning American market for full-size luxury-type trucks. This generation was only a five-seat SUV. Fearing the growing hegemony of the Lincoln Navigator, the Escalade was rushed through the design process to reach dealers quickly. Essentially little more than a badge-engineered GMC Yukon Denali, the SUV's aesthetics were similar to the Denali and the final vehicle was smaller than the Navigator. The Escalade's underpinnings were borrowed from the Yukon Denali line, with the GMC logos on the center caps replaced with Cadillac's crest. The Escalade also used the same 5.7 L Vortec 5700 V8 at , which was underpowered compared to the Navigator's  and  5.4 Liter InTech V8. All first-generation Escalades and Denalis featured Auto-Trac selectable 4x4. The 1999-2000 Escalade achieves  city and  highway based on U.S. EPA test protocols.

The first-generation Escalade (as well as its mechanically identical twin, the GMC Yukon Denali), was available only in the short wheelbase 4 door wagon configuration with few options. The GMC Yukon Denali was heavily differentiated from standard Yukons with unique front hood, fenders, grill, headlamps, and bumper cover, color-keyed mirrors and door handles, a unique paint matched roof rack and running boards, and lower paint matched cladding all around with emblems embossed in. The only exterior differences for the Cadillac Escalade (other than badging) was a slightly different grill treatment and smooth cladding with emblems placed on the sheetmetal. The interior design however would differ significantly between the two models. Denali already added unique two-tone seats, genuine zebrano wood trim on the front window switch panels and unique center console, chromed interior door handles, "Yukon Denali" embroidery on the door panels, a color keyed steering wheel, and a unique instrument cluster versus the standard Yukon. Escalade would add additional real wood trim on all 4 door panels and steering wheel, imitation wood on the instrument panel and "Cadillac" script on the console veneer, a color keyed steering column, leather wrapped column shifter, and unique front and rear seats with perforated leather, a Cadillac crest embroidered on the headrests and a storage compartment in the rear seat armrest.

Both vehicles included a generous amount of standard equipment not available on other GM full size SUVs including sixteen-inch chrome-clad aluminum-alloy wheels, a Bose Acoustimass® 7 speaker stereo (including subwoofer), an in-dash CD player and console mounted 6 CD changer, auto-dimming exterior and rearview mirrors with compass and temperature display, automatic headlamps with daytime running lights, front projector fog lamps, heated front and rear seats, rear seat audio controls, a BCM (body control module) providing functions such as retained accessory power and interior illumination fade-off, a unique warning chime, a special coating used on the dashboard for a more premium appearance, front and rear Bilstein shock absorbers, and unique engine and transmission tuning for a more refined driving experience. An OnStar in-vehicle telematics and communications system was optional on Denali but standard on the Escalade, with the only other option for both models being a choice between twin rear barn doors or a split tailgate with rear window wiper. A dealer installed car phone was also available with factory provisions in the center console.

Colors available on the Escalade were Silver Sand Metallic, Sable Black, Aspen White and Bordeaux Red Metallic. All Escalades came with a Neutral Shale interior. Yukon Denali colors shared with the Escalade were named Black Onyx and Dark Toreador Red Metallic, and Denali exclusive were Silvermist Metallic, Spruce Green Metallic, Meadow Green Metallic, and Gold Metallic. Denali featured a two tone interior available in "Canyon Tan" or "Stone Gray".

While base MSRP of the 2000 GMC Yukon Denali increased to $43,535 (up $460 from $43,075 in 1999), the Cadillac Escalade retained a base MSRP of $46,225 in both 1999 and 2000.

General Motors retains the first Cadillac Escalade produced at Arlington Assembly in 1998, a 1999 Aspen White model, in its Heritage Collection, VIN # 400001.

Second generation (2002)

Unlike its Chevrolet and GMC siblings, which launched for the 2000 model year, Cadillac delayed the Escalade's switch to the GMT820 chassis until February 2001 as a 2002 model, the last of the three General Motors full-size truck and SUV brands to switch to the new chassis; Cadillac unveiled the 2002 model year Escalade in August 2000 at Pebble Beach, while continuing to sell the 2000 model year trucks. Rear-wheel drive was standard, as was a 5.3 L V8. All-wheel drive was standard on the ESV and EXT and was optional on the short wheelbase Escalade. The special high-output Vortec 6.0 L V8 engine was the sole engine choice on all-wheel drive models whether it was the short wheelbase, ESV, or EXT until mid-year 2005 when the 5.3L was dropped altogether. Mid-year 2005, all rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive Escalades came with the high output 6.0L Vortec V8. All models (except for the EXT) offered seating up to eight people.

The "StabiliTrak" electronic stability control system was upgraded to a four-wheel version, High Intensity Discharge (HID) low beam headlights, power-adjustable pedals and signal outside mirrors were added as a standard feature in 2003, along with a Bulgari-branded clock. For 2004, XM Satellite Radio, second-row bucket seats, and a tire pressure monitoring system were made standard on all Escalades except the EXT. Also in 2004, the Platinum edition Escalade ESV was introduced at a base price of $71,025; (~$ in ) it featured the luxury utility segment's first factory-installed 20-inch chrome wheels, a slightly lowered suspension, heated and cooled seats (front and back), heated and cooled cup holders, moon roof, second and third row monitors, an interior that included an ebony and shale dashboard, shale leather upholstery and pleated door panel bolsters, a chrome grille, and a standard 6.0 liter V8 producing . The OnStar system was upgraded for the 2005 model year and had become a digital system instead of the analog system that had been in use.

In 2003, a year after their introduction, the GMT800-based Cadillac Escalade and Escalade EXT received an interior facelift, while the exterior design was left mostly unchanged. The audio system was upgraded to offer two different radio options: an AM/FM radio with cassette and single-disc CD players, or an AM/FM radio with a single-disc CD player and a touchscreen GPS navigation system (Radio Data System (RDS) was also included with both radios). Both radio options included a separate six-disc, in-dash CD changer unit mounted in the lower portion of the instrument panel and controlled via the radio (the CD changer still featured numbered buttons for disc selection, as well as 'Load' and 'Eject' buttons). The Driver Information Center (DIC) was moved from a separate unit in the instrument panel to the odometer display screen in the instrument cluster, where the gauges were also revised with the larger odometer display screen. XM Satellite Radio became available, and the OnStar telematics system controls were relocated from the instrument panel to the electrochromic inside rearview mirror (ISRV). A rear seat DVD entertainment system, which included two pairs of wireless headphones, and was produced by Panasonic, was also a new option for the 2003 model year. The instrument panel and steering wheel both featured updated designs (the steering wheel now also featured remote audio system, OnStar, and speed (cruise control) buttons on the front of the wheel). The electrochromic inside rearview mirror (ISRV) now integrated the OnStar system controls in addition to the exterior (outside) temperature display and integrated directional compass. The front and second and third-row seat designs were updated, and the Zebrano interior trim was replaced with Burlwood. The Escalade ESV (extended-length model) debuted for the 2003 model year. Finally, the warning chimes now played through the front driver's door speaker, as opposed to a separately mounted chime module on 2002 models.

Engines
 2002–2003 5.3L LM7 Vortec V8,
 2004–2006 5.3L LM7 Vortec V8,
 2002–2006 6.0L LQ9 (8th Digit = N) HO Vortec V8,

Third generation (2007)

The Escalade moved to the new GMT900 platform for the 2007 model year, along with all of its companion models (Silverado, Sierra, Suburban, Tahoe, Avalanche, Yukon, Yukon XL, Yukon Denali, and the Escalade's own EXT), which were launched simultaneously. The regular Escalade was again joined by a stretched ESV version as well as a new EXT sport utility truck. The 2007 Escalade was the official vehicle of Super Bowl XL, with MVP Hines Ward being awarded one of the first Escalades produced. The design also includes vertical headlights again, now more closely influenced by GM's own GMC Yukon from the same year and/of generation.

Production of the redesigned Escalade began at Arlington Assembly in January 2006. It is priced from US$57,280, though the rear-wheel drive version at this price was not produced until August. The more expensive all-wheel drive version was produced first, followed by the long wheelbase ESV and EXT pickup (the latter sourced from the Silao, Mexico, plant) in June.

The Escalade uses an all-aluminum 6.2 L Vortec V8. This pushrod engine includes variable valve timing, a first in a mass-produced non-overhead cam engine. The system adjusts both intake and exhaust timing between two settings. The engine produces  (23 hp more than its sister competitor, the GMC Yukon Denali) and  of torque. A new six-speed 6L80 automatic transmission is used. The new body completes a 0.363 drag coefficient. In 2010, the Cadillac Escalade's base price was $62,500 for a RWD model, and $65,200 for an AWD model. The northeast accounts for 60 percent of Escalade sales. 2013 model (Cadillac Escalade 2WD 8 cyl, 6.2 L, Automatic 6-spd), have official government measured fuel economy of , combined  and highway .

Engines
 2007–2014 — 6.2 L Vortec 6200 V8,

Hybrid

A hybrid version of the luxury vehicle debuted at the 2008 South Florida International Auto Show in Miami, and went on sale in 2008 as a 2009 model at a starting price of $74,085 for a two-wheel drive model. In August, 20% of Cadillac Escalade sales were hybrids.

The Escalade Hybrid takes 8.2 seconds to accelerate from 0 to . The Hybrid is powered by a 6.0-liter V8. It is joined by two 60-kilowatt electric motors supplied by a nickel-metal hydride battery pack under the rear seat. On its own, the V8 is rated at  at 5,100 rpm and  at 4,100 rpm. GM engineers say that combined output with the electric motors is . The unique transmission houses the electric motors along with three different planetary gear sets and four traditional clutches.

Standard features

Standard features of the Cadillac Escalade include air conditioning with tri-zone climate controls, Nuance leather trimmed seats, wood and leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls, cruise control, heated front seats and heated 2nd-row seats, 14-way power front seats, memory system, remote engine start, premium sound system, 6-disc CD changer, rear radio controls, compass, power lift-gate, and outside-temperature indicator. The Platinum adds on a DVD entertainment system, navigation system, heated and cooled cup holders, rearview camera, cooled front seats, upgraded leather (Tehama front and second-row upholstery), and power-retractable running boards.

Safety
According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2007-08 Escalade models had the highest fatality rate of their class with a driver death rate of 33 compared to the class average of 15.

Updates
2008
 On the automatic trunk button, the "off" signal was changed from the Number "0" (Zero) to the word "off".
 Seating capacity was increased to 8 passengers.
 A newly redesigned remote for keyless entry was introduced to further distinguish it from the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Denali siblings.
 Express-Up added for the front windows.

2009
 Bluetooth was made standard.
 A power tilt steering wheel was made standard.
 Driver and passenger headrests were updated and no longer able to be tilted.
 The Satellite Navigation System (optional) now added instant traffic updates and rerouting options.

2010
 Partway through the model year, the "GM" badging was removed from the front doors.
 AFM was added (Active Fuel Management)
 USB Port was added to the center console
 Revised front airbag and door
 Shifter interlock and a steering wheel lock was added
 Front window switches changed in shape

2011
 2nd-row headrests made larger and no longer adjustable.

2012
 The Escalade Premium had been refreshed and updated to look more like the Escalade Platinum, but the Escalade Premium did have clear see-through taillights.

2013
 Silver Coast Metallic and Sapphire Blue Metallic were added as new color trims, along with a revised grade braking performance.
 LED Running Lights were added to Escalade and Escalade ESV models.

2014
 A new color, Midnight Plum Metallic, was added. This is the first time that the Escalade will only be available in both standard and ESV versions, since the EXT and Hybrid models were discontinued, and as well as being the last year for this generation Escalade.

Fourth generation (2015)

On October 7, 2013, Cadillac unveiled the fourth generation Escalade and Escalade ESV at a star-studded event in New York City, just nearly a month after GM unveiled their next-generation SUVs from Chevrolet and GMC. Cadillac began its campaign to promote the Escalade on August 14, 2013, and started posting teasers online on September 23, 2013, with help from the photographer Autumn de Wilde, who helped reveal more images ahead of the unveiling. A YouTube page called "Escalade Reveal" was set up to showcase the videos along with the countdown to the unveiling. On November 25, 2013, Cadillac began spreading the word of mouth about the 2015 Escalade by placing a front facsimile cutout of the vehicle on display at Saks Fifth Avenue's New York City flagship store during its annual Christmas promotional campaign, which shows the SUV being frozen in wraps.

Production on the 2015 Escalade began in January 2014 at GM's Arlington, Texas assembly plant and went on sale in April 2014 as a 2015 model (with the MSRP starting at around $71,000 for Full Size, $74,000 for ESV), and available in only three trims: Base, Luxury, and Premium. International sales are scheduled to start in the summer of 2014. They are assigned to the GMT K2XX platform as K2XL. "The 2015 Escalade exterior light signature draws inspiration from a variety of sources, beginning with Cadillac's heritage of vertical exterior lamps and extending into architecture," said Exterior Lighting Design Manager Martin Davis.

The Escalade was planned to switch to the unibody Lambda platform but was quickly nixed due to customer aversion. According to a report on Autoblog.com, GM had reissued a redesign on the GM full-size SUV lineup, including the Escalade, for a 2014 release due to increased SUV sales, and was working on its full-size SUV replacements, which would see a possible change in the Escalade's SUV platform. But in July 2013, a series of spy shots revealed that GM will keep the Escalade a body-on-frame SUV. However, GM is looking at expanding the Escalade brand to the large CUV segment, which would see a vehicle using the Escalade badge sharing the same platform as the Chevrolet Traverse and GMC Acadia, which is in the planning stages. According to VP Bob Ferguson, Cadillac's first 3-row Escalade CUV could be introduced in 2016. There is also a possibility that GM might export the Escalade to Australia as a right-hand drive vehicle as part of Cadillac's global expansion, as GM has begun to import its North American vehicles to its Holden division there after discontinuing the latter's locally produced models in 2017.

The cargo space was reduced from  to  on the standard model and from  to  on the ESV in order to allow an additional 1.7 inches of headroom and 45.3 inches of legroom in the front while reducing the third-row legroom space from  to . GM's 6.2-liter EcoTec3 V8, good for 420 horsepower and 460 pound-feet of torque, mated to a six-speed automatic transmission (2015i models and beyond are 8-Speed Automatics), is the only engine offered, along with a new coil-over front suspension and five-link rear setup, a wider track, variable-assist electric power steering and Cadillac's Magnetic Ride Control system with Tour and Sport modes. The interior now has a hand-crafted design that features cut-and-sewn and wrapped materials, with wood trim options. The dashboard was also updated, and the Cadillac CUE system is added as a standard feature, along with an updated security system.

The 2015 Escalade lineup received an 8-speed transmission, surround view camera, and 4G LTE connectivity as part of a mid-year refresh, which also saw the wreaths on the grille disappear from the Escalade as part of Cadillac's plans to update the logo to emphasize the crest on all of its models.

Updates

2016

For the 2016 model year, Cadillac made upgraded changes to the Escalade and Escalade ESV:
 Four new colors are featured: Gray Silk Metallic, Red Passion Tintcoat, Crystal White Tricoat, Dark Emerald Metallic; both Crystal Red Tintcoat and White Diamond Tricoat were discontinued
 Advanced Diagnostics added to the Cadillac Cue System, which also receive upgraded improvements; SD card slot was removed
 An upgraded Driver Awareness Package that is available on all trims
 IntelliBeam headlamps (all trims)
 Lane Keep Assist
 Rear seat DVD entertainment system, dual independent, LPO
 Third row comfort guides become a service part
 A 12.3″ reconfigurable cluster change to the Normal Blue display
 Cadillac crest loses the wreath design from the logo mid-year into the 2016 model year. Earlier produced 2016 Escalade vehicles feature the wreath design.
 Platinum trim level reintroduced which is fully loaded with all the Escalade's optional features standard on this trim level plus DVD headrests as part of the rear seat entertainment system besides the overhead DVD player unlike on other trim levels

2017
For the 2017 model year, minor upgraded changes were made to the Cadillac Escalade and Escalade ESV:
 The PRNDM indicator is modified to PRNDL
 The 4WD control knob is modified with new lighting indicators
 Two new colors, Dark Adriatic Blue Metallic and Bronze Dune Metallic, are added, with two (Dark Emerald, Majestic Plum) others deleted.
 An updated Cadillac Cue system combining both Collection and Teen Driver features
 Addition of the Live-View rear-vision camera to the rear-view-mirror.
 The trims base levels were restructured to Standard, Luxury, Premium Luxury, and Platinum.
 New Radiant Package added
 Rear seat reminder added
 Rear Seat Entertainment switched from RCA to HDMI input.
 Front grille and headlights have been refreshed.

2018
Changes were made to the 2018 Escalade and Escalade ESV:
 Satin Steel Metallic is added as a new color, replacing both Silver Coast Metallic and Amethyst Metallic
 Shale/Jet Black (all trims) and Maple Sugar/Jet Black (Platinum only) are the new combined interior options, replacing Shale/Cocoa and Tuscan Brown
 The entire console center is modified, along with the cup holders and a new seat memory system.
 A new 10-speed transmission is added, replacing the 8-speed transmission.

2019
Minor changes that were made for the 2019 Escalade/ESV are:
Manhattan Noir Metallic and Shadow Metallic colors are introduced, replacing the Midnight Sky Metallic and Dark Granite Metallic colors.
Logo Light added to hands free liftgate
New Sport Package added as an available option on Luxury, Premium Luxury, and Platinum trim levels

2020
The 2020 Escalade is the final model year for the fourth-generation version, as it will be sold during its shortened period. The only changes made are the deletion of the Manhattan Noir Metallic and Bronze Dune Metallic color palette and the addition of the Dark Mocha Metallic color. The dealer-ordered Escalade Noir package is also eliminated after being offered for only a year. GM had proposed a facelift for the 2020 model which was going to look like the Cadillac XT6 style grille, but will not happen due to the next generation Escalade that is expected to debut in late 2019 or early 2020 as a 2021 model.

Hennessey HPE550
In 2014, Hennessey Performance Engineering offered a HPE550 supercharger upgrade to fourth generation Escalade customers, which included a belt-driven supercharger, air-to-water intercooler, recalibrated engine management software and a three-year/36,000 mile powertrain warranty, a  boost that will increase the 6.2L engine's performance to  and  of torque, and 20-inch lightweight H10 forged Monoblock wheels, to further improve performance. The upgrades, once they are ordered by customers, have a set price of $15,950.

International version
In July 2015, GM reached a deal with Unison SP ZAO in Minsk, Belarus, to build and assemble the Escalade and Escalade ESV for the Russian and CIS markets. This version will be similar to the Chevrolet Tahoe, featuring the 6.2L V8 EcoTec3 engine and the Tahoe's semi-CKD assembled designs; the ESV also marked the first time an extended-length base model has been offered in this region. It will be available in 4WD models only and carry a MSRP of 4.34 million rubles (US$76,984) for standard-size and 4.59 million rubles (US$81,383) for ESV.

Critical reception
The reviews for the fourth generation Escalade's redesign have been met with positive results from automotive critics. USA Today's James R. Healey and Fred Meier noted that "The once-unthinkable big Cadillac SUV has become indispensable." CNET's Antuan Goodwin notes that "Fans of the Escalade will appreciate the automaker's sticking with the original message and not "ruining" its former flagship, but if you already think the giant luxury SUV is a relic of the past, there's nothing in the 2015 Escalade that will convince you that it's anything but an old dog that's learned a few cool new tricks." Carscoops noted that "It may have impressed us more if a) it had shown the Escalade first instead of last, after the Chevrolet and GMC models or b) if the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban and GMC Yukon and Yukon XL simply did not exist…" and added that Cadillac has won their attention with the redesign. Scott Burgess of Motor Trend summed up the redesign in its headline, saying its "It's bigger, it's bolder and it's more beautiful." Bill Visnic of Edmunds concluded in his review that "With subtle, new sheet metal refreshingly free of styling gimmicks, Cadillac's looking to the 2015 Escalade's all-new and upgraded interior to help it retain its role as the benchmark of bling SUVs." The vehicle received a positive review by Autoblog contributor Michael Hartley, who took a road trip with a standard 4WD full-size trim from Los Angeles to Monterey, California. Although Hartley was skeptical at first, he came away impressed: "A 600-mile trip in the Escalade left me convinced that it has the features, build quality and driving dynamics to strike new fear in the segment." Bloomberg News, in its March 27, 2015 review, cited the Escalade as one of the best American-built SUVs ever made, adding that when comparing it to its foreign competitors, "It's the best we make."

GM recently hired Infiniti's Johan de Nysschen to serve as Cadillac president and help revitalize the brand. June 2014 shipments showed Cadillac down a few percent for the year, however the Escalade was among the biggest winners with a 74-percent sales jump and was one of Cadillac's best sellers the following July. As of March 2015, both standard and ESV Escalades have contributed to massive sales with the full-size Escalade seeing a 117% increase and the ESV soaring to 114% overall.

On August 20, 2014, Automotive News and Autoblog began reporting that Cadillac dealers have been waiting three times longer than usual—a month or more—from the time an Escalade leaves the assembly line to when it gets delivered, saying they don't always know where their vehicles are in transit, or when they are set to arrive, upsetting customers who have put down deposits, leading to Cadillac dealerships to reportedly stop taking pre-orders. Even customers who placed orders as far as February 2014 are still waiting for the vehicles according to the dealerships' owners. Cadillac blames the delays on two weeks of "dwell time," citing "a lengthy quality-assurance process on some interior parts" that caused the lag, as well as additional issues with figuring out which vehicles should be delivered first. Despite the setback, Cadillac does plan to correct the issues with adding more employees and speed up production at the Arlington plant.

On March 16, 2016, Consumer Reports named the 2016 Escalade the worst large sized luxury SUV in its annual rankings, with an overall score of 44. Most of the criticism came from its room space, second-row seating, the CUE media system, stopping, stiff road handling, and its redesign, calling it the worst in class.

Recalls
In May 2014, GM recalled 1,402 units of the 2015 Escalade and Escalade ESV that were built between January 2014 to May 2014 due to "an insufficiently heated plastic weld that attaches the (front) passenger side air bag to the instrument panel assembly could result in a partial deployment of the air bag in the event of a crash." GM also placed a temporary halt on further sales and informed owners of the affected vehicles to not let passengers sit in the front passenger seat until they are replaced.

Fifth generation (2021)

The fifth generation Escalade debuted on February 4, 2020, in Beverly Hills, California, for the 2021 model year, with sales commencing in the fall of 2020. Although production of the 2021 Escalade was pushed back due to the growing pandemic, GM had the vehicle scheduled to hit dealerships as planned. Dealers started taking pre-orders on April 23, 2020. To hype up the Escalade, Cadillac launched a 3D visualizer showcasing the vehicle. This visualizer lets the user interact with the Escalade and Escalade ESV by turning on the lights, changing the color, changing the rims, and looking at the interior.

The fifth generation Escalade is built on the GMT1XX platform, sharing it with the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon and Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL, and have a front grille design similar to the one used on Cadillac's XT crossovers. This new platform gives the Escalade and its stable mates independent rear suspension, a first for the model. This changes also allows the vehicle to increase its passenger and cargo space due to the more efficient design.

In December 2019, Cadillac unveiled a teaser video that featured a 38-inch curved OLED screen dashboard that displayed the Cadillac crest (on the driver's side) and "Escalade" name (across the passenger side), making this version the most unique in the Cadillac roster. This enabled Cadillac to boast of its "Industry-first curved OLED screen technology" with "twice the pixel density of a 4K television." Augmented Reality-enabled navigation was also introduced as a new feature available on the Escalade. On January 28, 2020, Cadillac introduced the "Super Cruise" feature, allowing for hands-free self-driving. This was followed by on January 31, 2020, of the addition of the turbodiesel 3.0L LM2 inline six-cylinder Duramax engine as a no-charge option, badged as "600D" in line with the automaker's new naming convention. The Escalade is the first diesel-powered Cadillac offered in North America since the 1985 DeVille and Fleetwood, which were available with an Oldsmobile-developed 4.3L V6. On the outside, it is longer than the previous Escalade and has more passenger room (particularly for the second- and third-row occupants) and cargo space.

There are five-level trims available on the fifth generation Escalade: Luxury, Premium Luxury, Sport, Premium Luxury Platinum, and Sport Platinum. The interior choices consist of eight trim options and four seating designs. The AKG audio technology system is new, featuring 36 speakers throughout the cabin.

In November 2020, General Motors announced that the 5th gen Cadillac Escalade will be offered in Japan from 2021. It is available in standard length, two trim levels (Sport Platinum and Premium Luxury Platinum).

Critical reception
The Escalade released to positive reviews praising it for its new independent suspension platform creating a better packaged and riding vehicle than before, class leading cabin technology, and use of better materials throughout the cabin. The new Diesel engine also received good press as well, being cited for its great fuel economy compared to the standard V8 and other competition in its class.

Automotive YouTuber Throttle House said in their review that the Escalade had "The best luxury infotainment on the market." with Savagegesse calling it both an impressive vehicle for its class and marked improvement from the previous generation. In the press Car and Driver praised it for its high-tech self driving program and impressive display in addition to the available diesel that tested at 27 mpg on the highway. Motor trend additionally had positive comments on the Escalade especially the cabin. They describe the optional 36-speaker AKG sound system as "among the best car audio systems on the market, period" for its lifelike sound. Despite the positive comments however it came in second place in a comparison test released shortly after the release of the 2021 model.

Andrew J. Hawkins, writing for The Verge, described driving the Escalade as "one of the most stressful driving experiences I've ever had", criticizing its excessive size and the hazard it poses to pedestrians and other road users.

Escalade ESV
The 2021 Escalade ESV debuted online in April 2020, but its physical unveiling, including one scheduled for the New York International Auto Show was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. It will feature a unique fascia along with the passenger doors and wider exhaust pipes. In November 2020, GM announced that their large SUV lineup would be imported to China. The Escalade ESV was to mark its maiden entry into the country, starting with the fifth-generation models, but GM canceled those plans in February 2021, citing the difficulty of having an import sold alongside its Chinese-built offerings, the makeup of the facilities that would be required to assemble the full-size SUVs, and concerns that the full-size SUVs won't be able to comply with the stringent emission standards imposed by the Government of China.

Escalade-V
Cadillac launched the performance version of the Escalade in 2022, called the Escalade-V. The Escalade-V is the largest performance SUV in the American market. It uses a 6.2-liter V8 supercharged engine. With an output of  and a  of torque, it is equipped with a 10-speed automatic transmission, and acceleration from  takes only 4.4 seconds. The suggested price starts at $149,990. The V will also be offered in the longer wheelbase ESV model.

Cadillac Escalade IQ

GM announced it was developing the Cadillac Escalade IQ in May 2023 as a battery-electric version of the full-size sport utility vehicle; details were released with the model's announcement at a New York City press event on August 9, 2023. The Escalade IQ is scheduled to begin production at Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly in summer 2024 for the 2025 model year. A variant with an extended wheelbase, corresponding to the Escalade ESV, is expected to be released in 2025; GM previously had trademarked the names "Escalade IQ" and "Escalade IQL" in 2021. The Escalade IQ/IQL is the first electric Cadillac intended to replace an existing model powered by internal combustion engines.

The Escalade IQ is based on GM's Ultium technology, sharing batteries, motors, and other components with the GMC Hummer EV, Chevrolet Silverado EV, and Cruise Origin. The 24-module battery has a storage capacity of more than 200 kW-hr, giving it a claimed estimated driving range of . Peak charging rate is 350 kW using an 800 V DC source; there is an onboard AC charger with a maximum input capacity of 19.2 kW.

At launch, the dual-motor, all-wheel-drive Escalade IQ will be equipped with two output modes: the standard output mode peaks at a combined  and  of torque, while "Velocity Max" increases output to  and  of torque. The rear wheels are linked to the steering wheel, turning up to 10 degrees either opposite (at low speeds) or in the same direction as the front wheels (at highway speeds) and permitting diagonal travel similar to the Hummer EV's "crabwalk" mode.

Cadillac Escalade EXT

2002–2006

The Escalade EXT sport utility truck (released alongside its twin, the Chevrolet Avalanche) was introduced in 2001 (as a 2002 model) from the Cadillac division of General Motors. It features a "Convert-a-Cab" composite pickup bed that can be expanded into the truck's cab through a bottom-hinged door. Like the Avalanche, the EXT has four full-size doors and seating for five. High-intensity discharge headlights were offered for 2003. The Escalade EXT also appears in the movie, The Matrix Reloaded along with the CTS in product placement ads. All Escalade EXTs were built in Mexico. The Escalade EXT (based on the Cadillac Escalade) was created as a direct competitor to the failed Lincoln Blackwood, a pickup truck based on the Ford F-150. It had competed with the Lincoln Mark LT (now discontinued in the United States and Canada), another F-150-based pickup truck that made its debut in 2005.

2007–2013

The EXT models were discontinued after the 2013 model year along with the Avalanche. According to Autoblog.com, The EXT was ranked tenth among the worst selling vehicles in the United States for 2013, with only 1,972 units sold. The Escalade EXT was available in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East (except Israel).

Platinum
MY04: Cadillac released its first version of the Platinum Escalade. It was only available in the ESV model. It had such features as heated and ventilated Seats (front and back), heated and ventilated cup holders, special 20" wheels, special leathers and interior design, extra labeling and HID headlamps.

MY08: Cadillac offered the Platinum Edition on its redesigned Escalade and Escalade ESV models. It includes such features as a unique front fascia and grille, heated and cooled cup holders, limited edition 22" wheels, additional chrome pieces and accents, 2 additional DVD monitors- located in the headrests of each front seat, special hand stitched leathers, real aluminum interior accents, Advanced Magnetic Ride Control system, genuine olive ash and burled walnut wood interior trim, and LED headlamps.

MY09: An Escalade hybrid model was new for 2009.

MY12: The Escalade had a mid-cycle refresh on Platinum trim with dual exhaust and more color options including White Diamond, which was an optional feature on Base, Luxury and Premium, but the color was standard free of charge on Platinum edition Escalades.

MY15: The Platinum Escalade went on sale in fall of 2014 with a base MSRP at $90k, a price jump to $9k more than the 2014 Escalade Platinum price. The all-new 2015 Platinum Escalade features Cadillac's all-new emblem, more innovations with Nappa, semi-aniline massaging front seats, and either a choice of Tuscan (beige) or Black leather seating surfaces, and the Platinum Escalade comes with every available feature that the Premium trim has, plus: a suede microfiber headliner, its own unique grille and 22" wheels, 7-inch LCD screens in the headrests and a 9-inch screen in the center and an icebox in the center console.

U.S. sales
Cadillac discontinued tracking the sales of the Escalade ESV in the United States in 2018, as GM combines the sales of both full size and ESV versions from the 2018 model year onward.

Popular culture
The second generation proved to be popular amongst numerous celebrities, being owned by numerous athletes, rappers, musicians, and actors. the vehicle was frequently featured in music videos from artists such as Nelly, 50 Cent, Jay Z, Jennifer Lopez, Chingy, and more. The vehicle has been seen as a popular icon in hip-hop music, being referenced in numerous songs as a status symbol.

The vehicle made a regular appearance in The Sopranos running for the show's final two seasons as Tony Soprano swaps his famous red 1999 Suburban for a 2003 Escalade ESV.

 The vehicle also regularly appeared in the show Entourage.

In 2021, filmmaker Spike Lee was hired to create a short film which introduced the 2021 version.

References

External links

 Official Cadillac America Forum

Escalade
Expanded length sport utility vehicles
Full-size sport utility vehicles
Hybrid sport utility vehicles
Luxury sport utility vehicles
Pickup trucks
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
2000s cars
2010s cars
2020s cars
Cars introduced in 1998
Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States
Sport utility trucks
Flagship vehicles

Cadillac Escalade


Lantana is an upscale census-designated place (CDP) and master-planned community originally developed by Republic Property Group,  south of Denton in unincorporated Denton County, Texas, United States. The population of the CDP at the 2010 census was 6,874. Lantana had 3,274 occupied homes as of December 31, 2015, with an estimated population of 10,641. Lantana shares the 76226 ZIP code of Argyle. Approximately one quarter of the populace have an annual household income of greater than $150,000, with 34% having incomes from $75,000-$150,000.  Almost half of the Lantana population has a bachelor's degree or higher. In 2004, 2006, 2011 and 2012, Lantana won the People's Choice Award for Community of the Year at the Dallas Homebuilders Association McSAM Awards.  Lantana hosts regular community events, such as outdoor music presentations in the parks, chili cook offs, festivals, picnics, and other similar functions for its residents.

Lantana encompasses . It was developed starting in 1999 on land acquired from the Rayzor family (known as Rayzor Ranch). On March 16, 2000, Republic Property broke ground on the community. Larkspur and Sandlin were the first neighborhoods developed. The first residents moved in on July 31, 2001. In the first quarter of 2014, Forestar Group, Inc, an original equity partner along with Republic Property Group, acquired the remaining partnership interest in Lantana and continued the final development of the community.

The homes in Lantana are built around an 18-hole golf course, designed by Jay Morrish. In October 2003, Lantana Golf Club became a semi-private facility. In October 2004, a 7,500 square-foot club house expansion was completed. The club went private in early 2009.

The Lantana Community Association, Lantana's HOA, is managed by Insight Association Management. HOA dues cover, security monitoring and system installation, front yard maintenance, and amenities. The Board of Directors of the Lantana Community Association are: Tara Boswell, Christi Brownlow and Darrel Amen. The Association is currently in the process of transitioning over to a Resident Board of Directors after the reaching the community size the state of Texas requires to do so. Lantana's monthly Board meetings are open to the public and take place in the Bartonville Town Square. Residents who have individual concerns  about their home or the community in general may present those items at the monthly meetings.

Lantana residents pay an annual fee, through the Lantana Community Association, to the Argyle Volunteer Fire Department (AVFD) for Fire and EMS service. The fee is based on the appraised value of each home and the rate charged by the AVFD.

Lantana is located in Development District #4, Fresh Water Supply District #6 and Fresh Water Supply District #7. A Fresh Water Supply District (FWSD) is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, authorized by the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality, to provide water, sewage, drainage and other services within the district's boundaries.

The publicly elected Board of Directors manages and controls all of the affairs of the district, subject to the continuing supervision of the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality. The Board establishes policies in the interest of its residents and utility customers. A district may adopt and enforce all necessary charges, fees and taxes in order to provide facilities and service.

Four of Denton ISD's schools are located within the community: Tom Harpool Middle School and Annie Blanton Elementary School, which opened in August 2008, Eugenia Porter Rayzor Elementary, which was the first school to be built and opened in August 2002, and Dorothy Adkins Elementary School, which opened in August 2014. Blanton and EP Rayzor elementary schools are rated "Exemplary" and the middle school is rated "Recognized." Lantana is served by John H. Guyer High School, located in southern Denton, TX, about  north of the northernmost neighborhood (Madison).

Lantana is divided into subdivisions or neighborhoods listed below:

Lantana has a sky/weather camera overlooking the park and pool in Larkspur subdivision. It's often seen on KDFW during the weather segment.

Education
It is zoned to the Denton Independent School District.

Elementary schools serving sections include: Adkins Elementary School (in the CDP), E. P. Rayzor Elementary School (in the CDP), and Blanton Elementary School.

All portions are zoned to Harpool Middle School, and Guyer High School.

The majority of Denton County, Lantana included, is in the boundary of North Central Texas College.

References

Census-designated places in Denton County, Texas
Census-designated places in Texas
Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
Populated places established in 2001

Lantana, Texas


The 2011 Virginia earthquake was a magnitude 5.8 (Mw) earthquake in the U.S. state of Virginia on August 23, 2011, at 1:51 PM EDT (17:51 UTC). The focus was  northwest of Richmond and  from the town of Mineral, Virginia. The earthquake was along the Spotsylvania Fault, an ancient fault line that now sits in the middle of the North American plate. Four aftershocks happened within twelve hours of the main earthquake. The aftershocks had magnitudes 2.8, 2.2, 4.2 and 3.4. About 35 hours after the main earthquake, a sixth aftershock of  magnitude 4.5 occurred. As of August 30, there have been 19 aftershocks, most of them minor.

There are very few strong earthquakes east of the Rockies in the U.S. This was only the second magnitude 5.8 in the last last 114 years. The other was the 1944 quake on the New York-Ontario border.

Impact

Press reports show that the earthquake could be felt a long distance away from its center.  To the south, the earthquake reached Atlanta, Georgia; and to the north, the earthquake reached Quebec City, Quebec. To the west, the earthquake reached Illinois and to the east, the earthquake reached Fredericton, New Brunswick. Damage was reported as far away as Burlington, New Jersey.

United States

Many buildings in the eastern United States are not built strongly enough that earthquakes cannot damage them. In Washington, D.C., the White House, the Capitol building and other buildings were evacuated. In Arlington County, Virginia, a pipe in the Pentagon broke. The pipe flooded two corridors. The Pentagon used an emergency plan put into place after the September 11 attacks to evacuate. Other buildings were evacuated in Philadelphia, Boston and New York City.

Soon after the earthquake, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered airplanes to stop flying along the East Coast. The Air Traffic Control tower at John F. Kennedy International Airport was evacuated. Flights were late at several airports, including John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Dulles International Airport, and Philadelphia International Airport. At the National Airport, ceiling tiles in the airport terminal fell to the ground, and flights stopped. Washington Metro trains were delayed and run at reduced speeds of 15 miles per hour. This allowed engineers to see if the rails were damaged. Just after the earthquake, many people made cell phone calls. This tied up the AT&T and Verizon Wireless networks. People could not start phone calls for at least 20 minutes.

Buildings in the Washington, D.C. area were damaged, but not severely. The quake damaged three of the Washington National Cathedral's four pinnacles (corner spires) and cracked some of the Episcopal church's flying buttresses. However, buttresses that support the central tower, a prominent part of the city skyline, look normal. The National Park Service found cracks near the top of the Washington Monument. The monument is closed indefinitely. The earthquake knocked off four of the six spires atop the Washington D.C. Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The pieces fell to the ground along with several pieces of marble from the temple's outside wall.

The two nuclear reactors at the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station,  from the epicenter, shut down automatically.

Damage in the northeastern United States was minor. In New York state, Governor Andrew Cuomo said the State Office of Emergency Management had no reports of damage to buildings or infrastructure. There were some disruptions, including building evacuations and delays at airports. Amtrak trains arriving and departing from Penn Station were also delayed.

In New Jersey, the state Emergency Management office reported two gas leaks in Gloucester County, with no reports of injuries from either leak. Buildings such a the Temple B'nai Israel in Burlington and a home in Camden were damaged. Government buildings were evacuated, and city workers could go home.

In Boston, the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency reported no injuries or damage. The U.S. District Court in South Boston was evacuated and the University of Massachusetts Boston cut summer classes short and sent all workers home early.

In West Virginia, the Kanawha County Courthouse, the West Virginia State Capitol campus, and several other buildings in downtown Charleston were evacuated. Kanawha County dispatchers received more than 350 calls in 45 minutes but there were no reports of damage to buildings and infrastructure other than minor plaster cracking in the old courthouse. Part of a chimney collapsed at the county courthouse in Philippi in Barbour County. The West Virginia Office of Miners' Health Safety and Training stated that West Virginia coal mines were safe following the tremors.

In Delaware, the New Castle County Courthouse in Wilmington and Family Court in Georgetown were evacuated. The press said that blocks fell to the street from the steeple of St. Thomas the Apostle Church. DelDOT crews were sent to all parts of the state to inspect many bridges and roadways including interstate highways and the Indian River Inlet Bridge.

In Pennsylvania, people were told to get out of office buildings in Philadelphia. People were also told to get out of the Bucks County Courthouse in Doylestown. Also, SEPTA Regional Rail trains could only go  while tracks were checked for damage and PATCO Speedline trains were also stopped for a short time even though there was no damage. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation checked bridges for damage. There was no damage to the bridges over the Delaware River owned by the Delaware River Port Authority.

Canada
People in eastern Canada also felt the earthquake, mostly in Southern Ontario, as well as parts of Quebec and the Maritimes. A few buildings in Toronto were evacuated. No accidents or damage from the earthquake were reported in Canada.

Social media
According to Facebook, the word "earthquake" appeared in the status updates of 3 million users within four minutes of the quake. Twitter said users were sending up to 5,500 tweets per second.  This rate of messages was faster than during the death of Osama bin Laden. It was almost the same rate as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

Related pages
 Virginia Seismic Zone
 List of earthquakes in the United States

References

2011 earthquakes
2011 in the United States
2010s in Virginia
August 2011 events
Earthquakes in the United States

2011 Virginia earthquake


Anna Costanza Baldry (16 May 1970 – 9 March 2019) was an Italian social psychologist and criminologist. She was a professor at Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli. An expert on issues related to violence against women and children, Baldry consulted with such organizations as the United Nations and NATO. For her contributions to society, she was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Biography
Baldry was born in London on 16 May 1970. She attended Sapienza University of Rome, earning an undergraduate degree in psychology in 1994 and a PhD in social psychology in 1999. She studied criminology at the University of Cambridge, earning a master's degree in 1996 and a PhD in 2001, under the supervision of David Farrington. From 2003 to 2004, she completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Free University of Amsterdam, having been awarded funding from Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions. From 2005, she taught courses in psychology and criminology at Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli. She also taught victimology at Catholic University of Milan.

Baldry conducted research and consulted on topics related to aggression and relationships, including child and adolescent bullying, cyberbullying, and gender-based violence. She led a number of prevention and intervention projects, including the development of Threat Assessment of Bullying Behaviors among Youngsters (TABBY), a bullying intervention program implemented in eight countries, and the validation of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) protocol in Italy. She also provided training on violence to law enforcement, social workers, and other service providers, and served as an expert consultant to such organization as the United Nations, OSCE and NATO.

In 2015, she was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by President Sergio Mattarella, the country's highest honour.

Baldry died on 9 March 2019.

Selected works

References

1970 births
2019 deaths
Social psychologists
Italian women psychologists
Italian women criminologists
Italian psychologists
Italian criminologists
Italian women academics
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academic staff of the Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Anna Costanza Baldry


is a Japanese long-distance runner who competes in marathon races. Her personal best for the distance is 2:24:57 hours. She represented Japan in the marathon at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, coming in 19th.

Originally a cross-country skier, she participated at the 2005 Winter Universiade but switched to distance running instead. She competed at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and shared in the team bronze medal. She formerly ran for the Dai-Ichi Life corporate team and won the ekiden corporate title with them in 2011.

Career

Early career
Born in Toyama Prefecture, Nojiri started her sporting career as a cross-country skier. Her first international races came at the 2005 Winter Universiade, where she was 21st in the 15 km classic and 35th in the 5 km free race. She pursued an Olympic berth in the sport, but at age 25 she re-considered her options and instead aimed to try her Olympic chances in marathon running.

She began competing in half marathons in her mid-twenties and won the 2008 Hakodate Half Marathon in a time of 74:12 minutes. Nojiri signed up with the Dai-ichi Life corporate running team around this time. The following year she improved to 70:53 minutes, taking tenth place at the All Japan Corporate Team Half Marathon Championships in the process, and also finishing eighth at the Sapporo Half Marathon (having led early on). She helped her team to third in the rankings at the end-of-year All-Japan Women's Corporate Ekiden Championships.

First marathons
Her first marathon race came at the beginning of 2010, when she entered the Osaka Women's Marathon. She was close to the leaders in the first part of the race and eventually finished in 2:29:12 hours in eighth position. Under the tutelage of Sachiko Yamashita, she continued to progress and was a close second to Yuri Kano at the Sapporo Half Marathon. This performance earned her an international debut at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and her thirteenth-place finish at that event helped the Japanese team, including Yoshimi Ozaki and Ryoko Kizaki, take the team bronze medals. She returned for Dai-Ichi Life at the Corporate Ekiden Championships and placed second in her stage behind Risa Shigetomo of Tenmaya – an outcome matched in the final team rankings.

The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami affected her preparations that year as the Nagoya Women's Marathon was cancelled. The race was to be used to select the national team, but Nojiri and several other Japanese were allowed as late additions to the 2011 London Marathon instead. In an extremely competitive field she came twelfth in a time of 2:25:29 hours. She was the second placed Japanese runner (after Yukiko Akaba) and her run was the fastest ever recorded for such a placing in a marathon. This gained Nojiri her first international selection for the marathon. At the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, held in Daegu, she crossed the line in 19th place and was part of the fourth-placed Japanese team for the 2011 IAAF World Marathon Cup. That year's Corporate Ekiden Championships was held in Sendai – an area affected by the earthquake but sufficiently cleaned up to hold the event. Nojiri ran the second to last leg and, having preserved the lead for Dai-Ichi Life, helped the team to the corporate title.

Missed Olympics
In her first race of 2012 she gave a varying performance in Osaka. She was down the order at the start of the race, then resurged in the second half of the race to lift herself into the runner-up spot, but again slowed in the final stages and ended up third behind Risa Shigetomo and Tetyana Gamera-Shmyrko. In spite of this her time of 2:24:57 hours was a new personal best. This was not enough for a place on the Japanese Olympic team and in response to her exclusion she left her running team and skipped competition for the rest of the year, looking to find a way to improve her running further.

Upon her return the following year, she appeared to be out of form at the 2013 Tokyo Marathon, coming ninth in a time of 2:31:15 hours. A trip to the Czech Republic was similarly underwhelming as she came tenth in the Prague Half Marathon and the Prague Marathon (running 2:40:59 hours at the latter race – easily the worst outing of her career). The Yokohama Women's Marathon in November saw an improvement as she led for a large portion of the race before being overhauled at the 30 km mark by eventual winner Albina Mayorova – although Nojiri took second in 2:28:47 hours, she vowed to improve the end part of her race to be competitive with foreign runners.

International competition record

Personal bests
Half marathon – 1:10:53 (2009)
Marathon – 2:24:57 (2012)

References

External links

Image of Nojiri competing in cross-country skiing

Living people
1982 births
Japanese female long-distance runners
Japanese female marathon runners
Sportspeople from Toyama Prefecture
Japanese female cross-country skiers
Dai-ichi Life
20th-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese women

Azusa Nojiri