Robert "Bob" Greenhut (born December 18, 1942) is an American film producer.

Born in New York City, Greenhut studied music at the University of Miami. He began his film career as a production assistant on Arthur Hiller's 1967 comedy The Tiger Makes Out. During the next seven years, he worked in various production capacities, rising through the ranks to become a production manager, assistant director, and associate producer. Greenhut served in that last capacity on The Front, a 1976 Hollywood blacklist drama starring Woody Allen. It was the first of many collaborations with the writer/director. Greenhut served as the executive producer and production manager of Annie Hall and went on to produce or executive produce every Allen-directed film through to the period musical comedy Everyone Says I Love You in 1996.

Greenhut also has worked extensively with Mike Nichols on Heartburn (1986), Working Girl (1988), Postcards from the Edge (1990), Regarding Henry (1991), and Wolf (1994). His additional credits include Miloš Forman's Hair (1979), Arthur (1981), Martin Scorsese's The King of Comedy (1983), and Penny Marshall's Big (1988), A League of Their Own (1992) and Renaissance Man (1994).

Greenhut received a 1989 Crystal Apple Award from the NYC Mayor's Film Office for his contribution to the city's film industry. That same year, he was honored with the Eastman Kodak Award for lifetime achievement.

References

External links

1942 births
Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award
Film producers from New York (state)
Living people
Businesspeople from New York City
University of Miami Frost School of Music alumni

Robert Greenhut


Chongzuo (; ) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region near the Sino-Vietnamese border. It is home to one of China's largest Zhuang populations.

Geography and climate
Chongzuo is located in southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It borders Nanning to the east, Baise to the north, Fangchenggang to the south and Lạng Sơn, Vietnam to the west. The Zuo or Left River and the You or Right River have their confluence in Chongzuo after which the river becomes the Yong River. Chongzuo is mountainous and hilly with numerous karst formations similar to Guilin and northern Vietnam's Ha Long Bay. Its area is ,  of which is forested.

Chongzuo's climate is humid subtropical and monsoon-influenced. January's average temperature is  and in July it is . Within the prefecture, the annual mean is . There are 330 frost-free days. 年降水量1100-1300mm之间,远低于Guangxi其他地区

History

Chongzuo is one of the earliest centers of Zhuang culture. Important sites dating back to the stone age have been found here. The Rock Paintings of Hua Mountain along the Ming River at Huashan date back 1800 to 2500 year and are one of the largest groups of pictographs in China and in the world. On several cliff faces are hundreds of large red pictographs depicting a large battle. The red pigment is still bright and vivid and individual figures, weapons, and animals are easy to distinguish. The cliffs, part of the sacred Frog Mountain, were important site to the early Zhuang.

In 214 BC, during the Qin dynasty, Chongzuo was part of the Xiang () commandry. Chinese general Feng Zicai beat back a French attack here at the Battle of Bang Bo in 1885. Sun Yat-sen fired the first cannon shot of the anti-Qing revolution in Chongzuo in 1907. In the 1930s, after fomenting rebellion in other parts of Guangxi, Deng Xiaoping helped organize the peasants and workers here during the Longzhou rebellion and eventually formed the Red Army's 8th Army. Later, in 1979, the Chinese army invaded Vietnam from here.

Administration
Chongzuo has 1 district, 1 county-level city, 5 counties, 57 towns, 72 townships, 146 residential communities, and 1,724 villages.

District:

 Jiangzhou District ()

County-level city:
 Pingxiang City ()

Counties:
 Fusui County ()
 Daxin County ()
 Tiandeng County ()
 Ningming County ()
 Longzhou County ()

Demographics
Chongzuo's population is 2,347,700. 88% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group. The rest include Han, Yao, and other ethnic groups.

 These figures are based on the following official statistics:

Economy

Forestry and agriculture are two of Chongzuo's biggest industries. Oranges, rice, beans, corn, cassava, cinnamon, bananas, vegetables, durian, pineapples, longan, and tea are all major crops, but sugarcane is the center of Chongzuo agriculture. Farm raised animals include beef and dairy cattle, sheep, ducks, chickens, geese, and bees. Aquaculture for fish is also big. Chinese medicinal herbs are picked from the wild and also grown. Important mineral resources include manganese, gold, ferberite, coal, barite, bentonite, uranium, and vanadium. It is China's biggest manganese producer and the world's biggest producer of bentonite. Other industries include export infrastructure, paper, forest products such as timber and turpentine, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and electronics manufacturing.

Flora and fauna
Chongzuo has amazing biodiversity with more than 4000 species of plants and more than 450 kinds of animals. There are more than 30 rare and protected animals including white headed and Indo-Chinese black langurs, crested striped hornbills, pangolins, and clouded leopards. 1/4 of China's wild animal species can be found in Chongzuo.

Tourism

Chongzuo is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. The most famous attraction is Detian Waterfall in Daxing County along the border with Vietnam. It is the second largest waterfall along a national border after Niagara Falls and was one of the crossing points for China's army during the brief Sino-Vietnamese War. Nearby there is the Tongling Gorge accessible only through a cavern from an adjoining gorge. Rediscovered only recently, it has many species of endemic plants, found only in the gorge, and used to be used as a hideout by local bandits whose treasure is occasionally still found in the cliff-side caves. West of Chongzuo city, there are several forest and animal preserves, some with minor tourist facilities.

Zhirendong
These findings might give some support to the claim that modern humans from Africa arrived at southern China about 100,000 years BP (Zhiren Cave, Mulanshan), Chongzuo City: 100,000 years BP; and the Liujiang hominid: controversially dated at 139,000–111,000 years BP).

Notable people
 Tan Haoming (1871–1925) - a member of the Old Guangxi Clique, born in Chongzuo Longzhou County, Zhuang.
 Huang Xianfan (1899–1982) - a Chinese historian, ethnologist and educator, born in Chongzuo Fusui County, Zhuang.

See also
 Detian – Ban Gioc Falls

References

External links

Cities in Guangxi
Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi

Chongzuo


Sambucus javanica, the Chinese elder, is a species of elderberry in the family Viburnaceae native to subtropical and tropical Asia. It is found naturally in Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China (except in the north), India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia (in Sabah), the Philippines, southern Thailand, and Vietnam. It is a perennial herb or a small shrub  tall.

Parts of the plant are used locally, variously as analgesics, blood purifiers, bowel and bladder stimulants, or even for poison. It is also believed to be an aid against numbness, rheumatism, spasms, swelling, and trauma, as well as for general bone and circulatory health.

References

javanica
Flora of China
Flora of Japan
Flora of Taiwan
Flora of tropical Asia
Plants described in 1826
Paleotropical flora
Medicinal plants

Sambucus javanica


John Momoh (born 1 July 1957) is a Nigerian broadcast journalist and the Chairman and CEO of Channels TV, an independent and multiple award-winning 24-hour news and media television channel based in Lagos. He is widely recognized in Nigeria as a transformative industry pioneer with the 37-year-long career in news television broadcasting.

He delivered the maiden edition of Distinguished Lecture Series of the University of Lagos Mass Communication Alumni Association entitled "The Mass Media: Setting the Nigerian Agenda." He was appointed as the acting chairman of UNILAG Governing Council by the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari on 21 August 2020.

Early life and education
John Momoh is of Etsakọ extraction. Momoh was brought up in Lagos State, southwestern Nigeria and his father was a cook. Over the past decades, he has built a commercial satellite television station with a reputable integrity in a country where the media sector is tainted by corruption.
John Momoh graduated from Baptist Academy and the University of Lagos with a bachelor's degree in Mass Communication and a master's degree in International Law and Diplomacy. In June 2013, he received the Lagos Business School's Distinguished Alumni Award.
John Momoh has a professional Diploma from the UK's Thomson Foundation, an alumnus of University of Lagos, Lagos Business School, and Harvard Business School, and is Fellow of the Nigerian Guild of Editors and the Nigerian Institute of Journalism.

Career

Prior to starting Channels Television, which he founded in 1995, John worked variously as news anchor, senior reporter and senior producer for Nigeria's National Radio and Television Stations, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria and the Nigerian Television Authority.

Awards and recognition

In December 2005, he was proclaimed "Officer of the Order of the Niger" by the Nigerian Government.

In 2006, he was honoured with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Nigerian Information Society and, two years later, he was nominated as Nigeria's Entrepreneur of the Year by the Fate Foundation.

In October 2014, he joined the Board of Directors of the Constituency for Africa (CFA), an African-focused Organization located in Washington, District of Columbia. In November of the same year, John Momoh was honoured the Leadership Award at the 2014 Planet Africa Awards held at the Grand Victorian Convention Centre in Canada.

John Momoh is a Fellow of The International Visitor Programme (IVP), an initiative of the United States Information Agency, a Chevening Fellow and a Fellow of the "African Future Leaders", both initiatives of the British Government's Foreign and Commonwealth Office. He is a member of the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences based in New York, and has served as a juror for the International Emmy Awards. He is also serving as a juror for the AIB Awards presented by the Association for International Broadcasters.
In November 2016, John Momoh was sworn in as the Chairman of Broadcasting Organizations of Nigeria  (BON)

See also

 Channels TV

References

External links
 Channels TV official website

Living people
Nigerian television journalists
Nigerian businesspeople
1957 births
Lagos Business School alumni
University of Lagos alumni
Nigerian television company founders
Businesspeople from Lagos
Baptist Academy alumni
Nigerian chairpersons of corporations

John Momoh


Lovemore Tshuma (born 1954), commonly known as Lovemore Majaivana is a Zimbabwean musician, arguably the most popular Ndebele singer, and by far the most prominent to have come out of Gweru. He earned the stage name 'Majaivana' (which means good dancer) for his exceptional dancing.

Biography

Early life and career
Lovemore Tshuma gave birth to Majaivana in Gwelo (now Gweru). At the age of four, Majaivana's family moved to Bulawayo where he sang in the church choir where his father was minister. By the age of 15 he became a drummer in a local Bulawayo band, the Hi-Chords. After moving to the capital city, Salisbury (now Harare) he gave up drumming and began singing in nightclubs covering Tom Jones and Elvis Presley songs. After playing in Bulawayo for four years, he returned to Salisbury and formed his own band, Jobs Combination named after Job's Nightclub (owned by then businessman Job Kadengu) where the group was the resident band.

By age of 16 the musician in Lovemore was evident. Majaivana and his friend Mtshapi! A neighbour built their own first set of drums from plastics and empty cardboard barrels cut in half. They carried these drums all over the local Beer Gardens (Manwele and New Bhawa) in Bulawayo playing to adoring patrons for a meagre fee or whatever the patrons saw fit. This brazen effort by Lovemore paid off a year later because Lovemore would be on a real set of drums. Off in Bulawayo he had young bands in their teens flourishing within the city. There was the Eye of Liberty (Joseph Msonda), Common Five, Live Wire (Late Jonah Sithole). Lovemore became the lead singer for the Hi Chords (Benson, lead guitar, Davy, bass Ruben, rhythm and Vivian, drums, later replaced by another teenager Dave.
The Hi Chords flourished under a local businessman Mr. Memo. Unlike the other teenagers Memo groomed them and gave them a clean-cut image. They wore suits and appeared very professional. That marketing genius by Memo earned the Hi-Chords instant success. They had access to instruments, transportation and good management. Under Memo they travelled extensively in and out of Bulawayo. They played at weddings (Macdonald Hall) the local Boys Clubs. Soon they were playing at bigger venues like the famous Valley Hotel, the Great Northern, Marisha Cocktail Bar and the likes. Lovemore liked to dance also as he sang hence the name Majaivana derivative from the English word "jive". Early songs covered were teeny-bopper, bubblegum and rock then the Tom Jones ballads. They covered the Beatles, Grassroots, Rolling Stones and any top hits between 1968 and 1970.

1974 – early 1980s
Jobs Combination involved teaming up with blind singer Fanyana Dube, performing various popular musical idioms. They had several successful singles early on, and their debut album, Isitimela, was a big seller. Despite all this, the band broke up shortly thereafter, and Majaivana sang with the Real Sounds for about two months.

Later career
The turning point in his career came when he joined the Zulus, a band from Victoria Falls which featured two of his brothers. Finally having a stable base from which to work, Majaivana and his band released an album of traditional folk songs, Salanini Zinini, that he and his brothers had learned from their mother in 1984. From then, he progressed away from his former Western influences, and his popularity steadily grew especially in Ndebele speaking Matebeleland and Bulawayo in particular. His first international album was released in 1990.

He left Zimbabwe in 2000 and retired from the music business.

Filmography
 A World Apart (1988)

Discography

Albums
 Isitimela 1979
 Salanini Zinini 1984
 Amandla! (Zimbabwean Music – ZIM 003) 1985
 Jiri (Unit Dance Africa – TRA LP 2004) 1987
 Isono Sami, 1993
 Ezilodumo Zikamajee (Zimbabwe Music Corporation) rereleased 2011

References

External links
 Brief biography
 Interview with Inkundla.net
 answers.com Lovemore Majaivana page

1954 births
Living people
20th-century Zimbabwean male singers
Zimbabwean guitarists
Zimbabwean songwriters
Northern Ndebele people

Lovemore Majaivana


is a Japanese game for Windows operating systems, which combines turn-based strategy gaming with visual novel elements, using an anime style of artwork for its character designs. It was developed by KOGADO Studio's Kuma-san Team (one of the several in-house development teams), and was released in Japan on June 23, 2006. A simplified Chinese version of the game was published by Beijing Entertainment All Technology Co. Ltd. on July 28, 2007 with the title Jī jiǎ shàonǚ ().

Overview
Gadget Trial takes place in the future, decades after an unidentified world war, and focuses on the so-called E-Series. This is a new generation of military equipment, representing a very advanced level of technology, developed by an organisation called Eastern Treaty Union (ETU) under the codename Project 'Next E'''. The E-Series units are human-like cyborgs or "bio-machines", constructed from various organic bio-alloys, and they are capable of regeneration and reproduction, similar to bacteria. Also, they can utilize Reinforcement Units, special machinery which extends their capabilities beyond regular war machines. Furthermore, their artificial brain greatly surpasses human mental abilities, calculating complex mathematical problems in very short times, and deciding very quickly between various options on how to complete a certain task.

However, there are two kinds of the initial prototype units; Type Black and Type White. The Black E-Series are made with pure focus on effectiveness, laying importance on machine-like obedience and precision. The White E-Series, in opposition to the Black ones, have artificial intelligences which are programmed with human-like personalities and emotions. Thus the military executive staff decides to have field trials, to test which design is better in battle, prior to a pending mass-production. The player gets the role of a young major who has to train and lead a team of Type White units against a group of Type Black E-Series. Regardless of their type and function, all the units look like attractive young females. Thus, Gadget Trial can be considered a bishōjo ("beautiful girls") game.

First, the story and the White team is introduced to the player in a visual novel section. After this, the first trial begins. After a successful battle, a visual novel interlude comes again, which gives way to the next mission. Visual novel parts are always inserted between battles, for comic relief and to introduce the next mission.

Characters

Type White team

Mihara is in charge of the Type White team as the leader, always trying to act serious and a little bit harsh. He is often amused (in the negative sense of the word) by the girls' antics, comments and their overall diversity in their personalities. The player assumes his role in the game's story.

  — Model number EPN-000GF NEI
Nei is the tank, scout and armoured personnel carrier (APC) unit. She has heavy offensive and defensive force, but with a limited movement range. She is the most respected member of the team, both because her combat power and her thoughtful, refined, feminine personality, which also complements her well-endowed figure. Nei acts like an older sister to the rest of the girls.

 Mini Nei:
Mini Nei accompanies Nei while she uses one of her Reinforcement Units.

  — Model number EPN-001GF IZEN
Izen is the infantry and healer (combat medic) unit. She has very limited offensive and defensive force, but she is the only unit capable of infiltrating an enemy building, turning it over to the player's side. Izen is the archetypal "sunny idiot" or genki girl of the team; thinking positively, acting cheerful and making silly comments. For example, she likened themselves to regular vacuum cleaners, although a bit fancier. Her favorite snack is dynamite, and she envies Souka, because she can fly everywhere she wants.

  — Model number EPN-002AF SOUKA
Souka is the jet fighter, carrier helicopter and bomber unit. She has good offensive power and a very large range of movement. She is overly confident with her superiority compared to ground forces, which fuels Yu-ri's and Hisoka's constant teasing, stating that she is a perfect killing machine with her ranged, emotionless, shoot-and-forget attacks, thus making her feel very awkward. Sōka can be compared to the stereotypical ōjo (high self-esteemed, selfish, arrogant, princess-like) characters in anime and manga.

  — Model number EPN-003GF YU-RI
Yu-ri is the automated artillery and anti-airforce (AA) rocket and missile launcher unit. She is only capable of powerful long-range attacks, so other nearby units must protect her. She is the youngest-looking member of the team, and her personality fits her young image well, although sometimes she makes the most ironical and satirical comments towards the others.

  — Model number EPN-004MF HISOKA
Hisoka is the submarine, carrier hovercraft and warship unit. She has good offensive force, but she is vulnerable if she is near the shore. She is the most cold-headed amongst the five, being an exact opposite of Souka, and the most reserved, contrasting Izen. Hisoka is rather calm thinking about her purpose as a war machine, talking about warfare and killing with a slight smile on her face. She is also the only team member who doesn't complain about the G-force test trainings, but endures them silently, reaching a test score far above even Nei's.

Type Black team

Wakabayashi leads the Type Black team. She acts rather rude and condescending to Mihara and his team, firmly believing her obedient soldiers can easily beat the incompetent "weirdos" of team Type White.

 Type Black Izen:
The replica of Type White Izen without a personality.

 Type Black Souka:
The replica of Type White Souka without a personality.

 Type Black Nei and Mini Nei:
The replicas of Type White Nei and Mini Nei without a personality.

 Type Black Yu-ri:
The replica of Type White Yu-ri without a personality.

 Type Black Hisoka:
The replica of Type White Hisoka without a personality.

Other characters

Fujimoto is the superior commander of Mihara. He is the chief officer of the home base of the Type White team, and is close to retirement.

Wan is the leading commander of the ETU.

Music
Gadget Trial's opening theme is called GoGo Girl!!. On July 21, 2006 Five Records released a collection of the songs and background music pieces, titled Gadget Trial Perfect Audiotracks''.

References

External links
Kuma-san Team's official Gadget Trial website

2006 video games
Bishōjo games
Kogado Studio games
Single-player video games
Turn-based strategy video games
Video games developed in Japan
Windows games
Windows-only games

Gadget Trial


Bulevar Nemanjića (, "Boulevard of the Nemanjić dynasty"), formerly Bulevar Lenjina ("Lenin Boulevard") and commonly known as Bulevar, is a street and urban neighbourhood of Niš, in southeastern Serbia.
Bulevar is located in the center of Medijana municipality, bordered to the south by the boulevard (avenue) itself, to the north by the Nišava river and to the east by the neighborhood of Trošarina. Traditionally only the first row of apartment buildings south of Bulevar Nemanjića street was considered as part of the neighborhood, concretely the area of small individual family houses comprising unnamed area between Bulevar Nemanjića and other neighborhoods situated on Bulevar Zorana Đinđića.

Characteristics
Nowadays, the neighborhood is one of the main residential areas of the city. It is one of the newer neighborhoods, built mostly during the 1970s and 1980s. It consists almost exclusively of large apartment blocks. Due to this it is also one of the most densely populated areas of the city. The official seat of Medijana municipality is also situated in this neighborhood, as is the Roda shopping center.

The heart of the neighborhood is a relatively large park named after Saint Sava, known in English as the Park of St. Sava. In recent years this area has become one of night life spots in Niš due to a large number of cafes and restaurants. A new church in the center of the park serves as a local landmark.

References

Neighborhoods of Niš
Nemanjić dynasty

Bulevar Nemanjića


Benjamin Franklin DeCosta or de Costa (July 10, 1831November 4, 1904) was an American clergyman and historical writer.

Biography
He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1856 at the Biblical Institute at Concord, New Hampshire (later part of Boston University), became a minister in the Episcopal Church in 1857, and during the next three years was a rector first at North Adams, and then at Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts. After serving as chaplain in the 18th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry and one other Massachusetts regiment during the first two years of the American Civil War, he became editor (1863) of The Christian Times in New York City, and subsequently edited The Episcopalian and The Magazine of American History. He was rector of the Church of St John the Evangelist in New York City from 1881 to 1899, at which time he resigned while converting to Roman Catholicism.

He was one of the organizers and long the secretary of the Church Temperance Society, and founded and was the first president (1884–1899) of the American branch of the White Cross Society. He became a high authority on early American cartography and the history of the period of exploration. In addition to numerous monographs and valuable contributions to Justin Winsors Narrative and Critical History of America, he published The Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the Northmen (1868); The Northmen in Maine (1870); The Moabite Stone (1871); The Rector of Roxburgh (1871), a novel under the nom de plume of William Hickling; and Verrazano the Explorer; being a Vindication of his Letter and Voyage (1880). He died in New York City in 1904.

See also

References

External links

18th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Website
Touch the Elbow – Blogging the Civil War by researchers of the 18th Massachusetts

1831 births
1904 deaths
Boston University alumni
Anglican priest converts to Roman Catholicism
American Episcopal priests
19th-century American historians
American magazine editors
19th-century American novelists
Union Army chaplains
American male novelists
19th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
19th-century American Episcopalians
19th-century American clergy

Benjamin Franklin DeCosta


Major General James Garesche Ord (October 18, 1886 – April 17, 1960) was a United States Army officer who briefly commanded the 28th Infantry Division and was Chairman of the Joint Brazil–U.S. Defense Commission during World War II.

Early life
J. Garesche Ord, nicknamed "Sunny" and "Garry," was born at Fort Lewis near Durango, Colorado, on April 18, 1886. He was the son of Major Edward Otho Cresap Ord II (1858–1923) and Mary Frances (Norton) Ord.

His grandfather was Major General Edward Otho Cresap Ord (1818–1883), and his great-grandfather was First Lieutenant James Ord (1789–1872).

His uncle, Jules Garesche "Garry" Ord (1866–1898) was also an Army officer, and has been credited by historians with sparking the charge up San Juan Hill during the Spanish–American War, at which Jules Ord was killed.

Another uncle, James Thompson Ord (1863–1905), was a captain in the Army, and his son, Lieutenant Colonel James Basevi Ord (1892–1938) was the cousin of James Garesche Ord.

Start of military career

James Garesche Ord graduated from the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, in 1909 and received his commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry. His classmates included George S. Patton, Robert L. Eichelberger, William Hood Simpson, Jacob L. Devers, John C. H. Lee, Horace H. Fuller, Edwin F. Harding and Edwin "Pa" Watson.

Initially assigned to the 30th Infantry Regiment, his early postings included Fort Davis and Fort Gibbon in Alaska, the Presidio of San Francisco, and Plattsburg Barracks in New York.

Ord served at Eagle Pass and San Antonio, Texas during the Pancho Villa Expedition, and was then assigned as Professor of Military Science at Culver Military Academy.

World War I
In 1917 Ord was assigned as aide-de-camp to Hunter Liggett. He served on the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces Headquarters and the 41st Division, and was assigned as provost marshal for I Corps before serving again as Liggett's Aide at the end of the war and during the post-war occupation of Germany.

Post-war
After the war Ord's assignments included Assistant Plans, Operations and Training Officer (G3) for Third Army.  He graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1924 and remained as an instructor.  He graduated from the Army War College in 1929.

From 1930 to 1934 Ord served on the Supply and Logistics staff (G4) at the War Department, and he commanded the 12th Infantry Regiment from 1934 to 1936.
Ord was Director of the Infantry Board at Fort Benning from 1936 to 1938.  (The Infantry Board was one of several panels the Army used to consider modernization of training, tactics, weapons and vehicles in the years before World War II.)
From 1938 to 1940 Ord commanded the 57th Infantry Regiment in the Philippines.

World War II
In 1940 Ord was assigned as a Regular Army observer and advisor for the Pennsylvania National Guard, responsible for taking steps to improve individual and collective readiness for the 28th Infantry Division during the train-up in advance of World War II.

From 1940 to 1942 he was Deputy Commander of the 1st Infantry Division, receiving promotion to brigadier general.  From February to June, 1942 Ord commanded the 28th Infantry Division, capitalizing on the relationships he had developed while advising the Pennsylvania National Guard in 1940.  Ord commanded the division until being succeeded by Omar Bradley.

Ord served as a member and later Chairman of the Joint Brazil-US. Defense Commission from 1943 to 1945.  The commission worked to strengthen military ties between the two countries during the war, reducing the likelihood of Axis powers attacks on US shipping as soldiers traveled across the Atlantic to Africa and Europe, and minimizing the influence of the Axis in South America.

Awards
Ord's Army awards and decorations included the Legion of Merit.  His foreign awards included Ecuador's Order of Abdon Calderón, First Class, and Brazil's Order of Military Merit (Grand Officer) and War Medal.

Retirement, death and burial
Ord retired in 1946 and resided in Washington, D.C., until his death from a heart attack at Walter Reed Army Medical Center on April 17, 1960.  He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section 2, Site 979 LH.

Family
In April 1927 Ord married Irene Helen Walsh of Memphis, Tennessee (1900–1993).  They were the parents of three children: James G. Ord, Jr. (1928–1994); Marian E. Ord (born 1930); and Edward O. C. Ord (born 1936).

Irene Walsh Ord was a graduate of West Tennessee College and the University of Tennessee Law School, and practiced law before her marriage to Ord.  In 1979 she married Brigadier General (Retired) Philip S. Gage (1885–1982), one of Ord's West Point classmates.

References

External links
ANC Explorer
Generals of World War II

1886 births
1960 deaths
People from Durango, Colorado
Military personnel from Washington, D.C.
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army generals of World War II
United States Army Command and General Staff College faculty
Military personnel from Colorado

James Garesche Ord


Nokomis is a town in Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,371 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.0 square miles (95.8 km2), of which 33.4 square miles (86.5 km2) is land and 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) (9.76%) is water.

Demographics
At the 2010 census, there were 1,371 people, 556 households and 433 families residing in the town.

At the 2000 census, there were 1,363 people, 556 households, and 433 families. The population density was 40.8 per square mile (15.8/km2). There were 1,013 housing units at an average density of 30.3 per square mile (11.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.27% White, 0.15% Native American, 0.07% Asian, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.

There were 556 households,  of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.77.

22.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.

The median household income was $43,000 and the median family income was $47,813. Males had a median income of $36,563 and females $22,446. The per capita income was $19,171. About 4.8% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
The Rhinelander-Oneida County Airport (KRHI) serves Nokomis, the county and surrounding communities with both scheduled commercial jet service and general aviation services.

References

Towns in Oneida County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin

Nokomis, Wisconsin


Sputnik 2 was a Soviet Union spacecraft. It was the second spacecraft in the Sputnik programme. It was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a dog called Laika. It was launched on 3 October 1957 at Baikonur Cosmodrome. Scientists think that Laika died several hours after launch from overheating. The spacecraft went into orbit around Earth for roughly five months. It went down into Earth's atmosphere on 14 April 1958 and burned up.

Sputnik 2 was 4 metres (13 feet) high and its base diameter was 2 metres (6.6 feet). It was a cone-shaped and it had several different places for radio transmitters, a telemetry system, a programming unit, a regeneration and temperature control system for the spacecraft, and scientific instruments. Laika was put in a special area.

Related pages
Sputnik programme
Sputnik 1

References

Soviet spacecraft
Satellites
1950s in the Soviet Union
1950s in spaceflight

Sputnik 2


The Afon Mawddach () is a river in Gwynedd, Wales, which has its source in a wide area  north of Dduallt in Snowdonia. It is 28 miles (45 km) in length, and is much branched; many of the significant tributaries are of a similar size to the main river. The catchment area is bounded to the east by the Aran Fawddwy massif and to the west and north by the Harlech dome which  forms a watershed just south of Llyn Trawsfynydd.

The Mawddach has been the site of significant industrialisation and land management. Gold mining and subsequently gold panning have had major impacts but forestry, the preparation of animal skins, the storage of old munitions and the use of hill-sides as artillery ranges have all added to the legacy of pollution. The river is also very flashy - prone to very rapid rise and fall in level depending on rainfall. Rainfall can also be very heavy and it falls on very base-poor soils leading to episodes of strongly depressed pH. Despite this, the river sustains an important salmon and trout fishery and the countryside through which it flows is some of the most spectacular and scenic in the UK.

The main tributaries starting in the west and working clockwise are:
Afon Cwm Mynach which drains Llyn Cwm Mynach on the Rhinogydd.
Afon Gamlan which joins at Ganllwyd after following a tumultuous valley through ancient oak woods before descending towards the main river down Rhaeadr Ddu (Black waterfalls). This valley has one of the more important moss and liverwort communities in the southern UK.
Afon Eden - its headwaters known as Afon Crawcwellt - a large tributary draining from below Llyn Trawsfynydd and closely following the A470 through the Coed-y-Brenin forest. This tributary has been severely affected by industrialisation in the past, including gold mining and its use as an ordnance range.
Afon Gain, a large tributary which has also been impacted by similar problems to the Eden and is very acidic and peaty.
Afon Wen which joins south of the Gain is similar but smaller.
Afon Wnion is a major tributary joining from the east and which drains a large area out towards Aran Fawddwy

Estuary
Below Dolgellau the river enters a wide and sandy estuary of great beauty. The head of the estuary is marked by the confluence of the Mawddach and Wnion. At its mouth is the town of Barmouth and its railway bridge.

Geology
The Mawddach estuary was formed from a glaciated valley which was flooded by the sea during the Holocene glacial retreat to form a fjord.

The valley occupied by the present Mawddach was later infilled by coarse-grained sub-glacial and pro-glacial deposits. In the Holocene (12,000 BP - present), gravel from the Irish Sea was introduced to the estuary.

Human history
The southern bank of the Mawddach estuary, along which used to run a section of the GWR branch line from Ruabon to Barmouth, has now been designated the Mawddach Trail, an 8-mile cycle path running from Dolgellau to Morfa Mawddach, at the south side of the Barmouth railway bridge. It is managed by the Eryri National Park Authority as a leisure route for walkers and cyclists, and is part of the Sustrans Cross-Wales Cycling Route.

The estuary of the Mawddach was a great centre of ship building in the 18th century and probably for some centuries before. There is no evidence remaining of this activity in the estuary today.

References

External links

 River Mawddach panorama
 Aerial photograph of Cadair Idris and the river Mawddach
 Mawddach Trail
 The Mawddach Trail - The 'Railway Walk' between Dolgellau and Barmouth
 The Mawddach Way: A 50km Circular Walk around the Mawddach Estuary
 Mawddachestuary.co.uk - Events and Activities along the Mawddach Estuary
 PhD thesis: An integrated Meteorological/Hydrological Model for the Mawddach Catchment. Graham Hall, Bangor University

Mawddach
Mawddach

Afon Mawddach


Supervivientes 2015: Perdidos en Honduras, is the tenth season of the show Supervivientes and the fourteenth season of Survivor to air in Spain and it will be broadcast on Telecinco from 16 April 2015 to June, 2015 approximately. For this year the show stay to Honduras for the sixth time. Once again, Jorge Javier Vázquez will be the main host at the central studio in Madrid, with Lara Álvarez co-hosting from the island, and Raquel Sánchez Silva hosting a side debate of the program.

Finishing order

Nominations

External links
http://www.telecinco.es/supervivientes/

Survivor Spain seasons

Supervivientes: Perdidos en Honduras (2015)


The black-headed duck (Heteronetta atricapilla) is a South American duck in subfamily Oxyurinae of family Anatidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Taxonomy and systematics

The black-headed duck is the only member of genus Heteronetta and has no subspecies. It is closely related to the "stiff-tailed" ducks of genera Nomonyx, Oxyrura, and Biziura.

Description

The black-headed duck is the most basal living member of its subfamily, and it lacks the stiff tail and swollen bill of its relatives. Overall much resembling a fairly typical diving duck, its plumage and other peculiarities indicate it may not be a very close relative of the other stiff-tailed ducks, but rather the product of convergent evolution from the ancestors of the stiff-tailed ducks.

The black-headed duck is about  long. Males weigh an average of about  and females . The species has a distinctive shape, with a long body and disproportionately short wings. Its bill has a black maxilla and an orange mandible; the maxilla has a rosy patch at its base during the breeding season. Adult males have a glossy black head and upper neck and a white chin. Their upperparts are deep brownish black with cinnamon or pale rufous speckles and vermiculation. The folded wing shows two white bars. Their underparts are whitish with brown mottling and appear silvery. Adult females have a dark brown head and neck and a whitish throat, and are otherwise like the male. Immature birds are similar to the female but have more rufous upperparts, more yellowish underparts, and a pale eye stripe.

Distribution and habitat

The black-headed duck has two separate ranges. One is the western side of central Chile. The other is from extreme southern Bolivia south through central Paraguay to central Argentina and east through southern Uruguay into southernmost Brazil. Undocumented sight records in the Falkland Islands lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to treat it as hypothetical there. It mostly inhabits freshwater marshes whose dominant plant is the sedge Scirpus californicus, and outside the breeding season may be found in lakes, water-filled ditches, and sometimes flooded fields.

Behavior

Movement

The black-headed duck is partially migratory. It is a year-round resident in most of its range but is found in most of Paraguay and its small Bolivian range only in the non-breeding season.

Feeding

The black-headed duck feeds by diving. Though little information is available about its diet, a major component appears to be seeds of Scirpus californicus, and snails a minor component.

Breeding

The black-headed duck is unique among waterfowl; it is an obligate brood parasite. The female does not build a nest but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds. Known hosts include the rosy-billed pochard (Netta peposaca), the red-fronted coot (Fulica rufifrons), and the red-gartered coot (F. armillata). At least 18 other species have been reported as hosts, including several other waterfowl and rail/coot species, the brown-hooded gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis), and a few raptors. Unlike some cuckoos, neither the chicks nor adults destroy the eggs or kill the chicks of the host. In contrast with brood parasitic passerines, whose young are altricial, black-headed duck ducklings are precocial. After an incubation of about 25 days, the ducklings are completely independent a few hours after hatching and leave the nest.

Vocalization

The black-headed duck is usually silent. It does give a low "quah quah" as part of a courtship display, and also "a two note grunt followed by a whistle: – gr-rump-freet." Females make "clucking notes."

Status

The IUCN has assessed the black-headed duck as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, and though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It may be "impacted by changes in available habitat."

References

External links

David Attenborough, Nature of the Cuckoo Duck, The Life of Birds, BBC Episode 9, 19 minutes ff.

black-headed duck
Brood parasites
Birds of Chile
Birds of Argentina
Birds of Uruguay
black-headed duck

Black-headed duck


Protein structure describes how protein molecules are organised. This structure is what makes proteins work.

Proteins are important biological macromolecules present in all organisms. They are polymers formed from 20 possible amino acids by RNA translation. Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.

After translation, proteins fold into specific shapes. This is not done by chemical bonds but by weaker forces such as hydrogen bonds. To understand how proteins work, it is often necessary to discover their three-dimensional structure. To do this biophysics uses techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry.

A protein may switch from one shape to another as it does its job. The alternative states of the same protein are called conformations. An enzyme, for instance, will have at least two conformations: one with its co-enzyme and one without. The form with its coenzyme will have two conformations: one with its substrate and one without.

Levels of protein structure
There are four distinct levels of protein structure.

Primary structure
Proteins are molecules that consist of one or more chains of amino acids. Each different protein has a set of amino acids in a particular order. The primary structure is the sequence of the amino acids of a single polypeptide chain from its start (N-terminus) to its end (C-terminus). The amino acids are held together by a specific type of covalent bond, known as a peptide bond, which are made during the process of protein biosynthesis or translation.

Secondary structure

Secondary structure is the most simple structure made by proteins' polypeptide chains. There are two main types of secondary structure: alpha helix and beta strand (beta sheet). Alpha helices are coils that turn in a clockwise rotation. Beta strands are chains of amino acids that lie beside each other to make a beta sheet. These two types of secondary structure were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers. Unlike the polypeptide chain, which is bonded through covalent peptide bonds, secondary structure is formed by hydrogen bonds.

Tertiary structure
This is the shape (spatial organization) of an entire protein molecule. Protein folding is largely self-organising. It is mainly decided by the protein's primary structure. This is called Anfinsen's dogma. However, the environment in which a protein is made and folded also effect its final shape.

Quaternary structure
If proteins are built of more than one polypeptide, this gives another level of structure. The quaternary structure, is how the polypeptide subunits fit together. Haemoglobin, for example, has two alpha and two beta chains. Both the alpha chains and beta chains are coded for by a cluster of six or seven genes, which provide the code for different versions of the molecule.

References

Other websites
 Education portal: Proteins IV: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.

Molecular biology
Proteins

Protein structure


Nanjido (Nan(lily) Ji(mushroom) Do(island)) (Korean: 난지도 蘭芝島) was an island on a branch of the Han River of Seoul, Korea.

In the end of the 1970s, a dyke was constructed around the edge of Nanjido, and it became Seoul's official dump site. Between 1978 and 1993, Nanjido's accumulation of garbage grew quickly, increasing to 3,000 truck loads of waste per day and eventually creating a pyramid of refuse 98m high and occupying 2,715,900 square meters of land, thirty-four times larger than The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. Currently, Korea has the biggest rate of per capita garbage production in the world (2.3 kg/person).

Nanjido stopped being a waste dumpsite in 1993 when city officials realized that with Seoul's expansion, the site could no longer be designated as marginal. By that time, Nanjido had accumulated 91,972,000 cubic meters of garbage—the equivalent of continuous dumping by 13,000,000 8.5-ton trucks for 15 years. Nanjido might be world's tallest waste dumpsite.

The garbage on Nanjido is no longer exposed. After closing it down, the city designated the site as an "ecology park" and began preparations to cover the mountain of garbage with trees. It is currently undergoing a land stabilization process that is expected to be completed by the year 2020. The walls were constructed deep into the ground to prevent the seepage of contaminated water into the Han River and streams. Methane and other gases were channeled into wells to provide heating to the World Cup Stadium and the surrounding residential district.

Now the whole area of 2.8 million square meters was transformed into five different theme parks, welcoming 9.8 million visitors every year. The five parks are equipped with conservation facilities for further revival of diversified ecological system.

References

External links
Seoul Worldcup Park
Seoul Metropolitan Government Hangang Project Headquarters

Environment of South Korea
Mapo District
Landfills
Former islands of South Korea
Islands of the Han River (Korea)
Islands of Seoul

Nanjido


Jacqueline Barnathan is the executive editor of CBS Newspath and an Emmy-award winning senior producer at CBS News. She has worked at both CBS Evening News and the CBS Early Show. In 1994, she was first deputy press secretary for New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Career
Immediately prior to working at CBS News, Barnathan produced the 5 p.m., 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. broadcasts for WCBS-TV in New York City.

During her early days in television, she worked at ABC News in Washington on Nightline, World News Tonight, This Week with David  Brinkley and Good Morning America. She also spent time at Fox Television station WNYW in New York City. She won an Emmy award for contributions to the reporting of the momentous events beginning on September 11, 2001. In 2004, she won Emmy an award nomination for outstanding coverage of the capture of Saddam Hussein on the CBS Evening News Weekend Edition; and in 2006 she was again nominated for an Emmy for her work with CBS Evening News on "The Election of the Pope".

Personal life
Her father, Julius Barnathan, was president of broadcast operations at ABC. She graduated from American University in 1986 where she was general manager of the campus television station.

Barnathan lives in New York with her husband Ken Marlin and their daughter.

References

News & Documentary Emmy Award winners
American University alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American television news producers
ABC News
CBS News people
Living people

Jacqueline Barnathan


The Itchy & Scratchy Show (often shortened as Itchy & Scratchy) is an American fictional animated series featured on the animated sitcom The Simpsons. The cartoon depicts a blue mouse named Itchy, who repeatedly maims or kills a black cat named Scratchy, and is typically presented as 15- to 60-second shorts that are a part of The Krusty the Clown Show. Itchy & Scratchy is filled with graphic violence that almost invariably prompts laughter from The Simpsons characters, especially Bart and Lisa.

The Itchy and Scratchy characters are extremely violent and bloody parodies of cat-and-mouse cartoons such as Tom and Jerry, Herman and Katnip, and Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks. The Italian comic strip Squeak the Mouse is also considered to be an inspiration for the characters.

The cartoon first appeared in The Tracey Ullman Show short "The Bart Simpson Show", which aired in 1988. The cartoon's first appearance in The Simpsons was in the 1990 episode "There's No Disgrace Like Home". The cartoons became popular among the show's writers and animators, and they are often added when an episode needs expanding. Several full episodes were centered on the fictional production of Itchy & Scratchy, such as "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge".

Role in The Simpsons
The Itchy & Scratchy Show is a show within a show that appears occasionally in episodes of The Simpsons. They appear in the form of 15- to 60-second-long cartoons that are filled with graphic violence, usually initiated by Itchy the mouse against Scratchy the cat, with the former almost always being the victor. Itchy & Scratchy airs as a segment on The Krusty the Clown Show, and also aired on its brief replacements, Sideshow Bob's Cavalcade of Whimsy, and Gabbo. Itchy & Scratchy mostly airs as a standalone show rather than being a segment in some episodes, such as "In Marge We Trust" (season 8, 1997).

Itchy & Scratchy is usually a parody of traditional cartoons or takeoffs on famous films, but the plot and content are always violent and bloody, with Itchy performing unprovoked acts of graphic violence and homicide unlike most classic cartoons. The most direct and obvious example is Tom and Jerry, an animated series which was also about a constant battle between a cat and a mouse, with the mouse usually victorious, though in Itchy & Scratchy, the mouse acts as the antagonist. Itchy & Scratchy also includes shorts such as Scratchtasia, a parody of Fantasia, and Pinitchio, a parody of Pinocchio. Animation-related jokes are prevalent in the show, such as the Manhattan Madness cartoon in "The Day the Violence Died", which is based on very early animated cartoons such as Gertie the Dinosaur. The cartoons also occasionally serve to play out an exaggerated form of the conflict in the surrounding episode. For example, in "Deep Space Homer" (season five, 1994), Homer is recruited by NASA, and later watches an Itchy & Scratchy cartoon which directly (and gruesomely) parodies the films 2001: A Space Odyssey and Alien.

Fictional production history
Several full episodes of The Simpsons were centered on the fictional production history of The Itchy & Scratchy Show. It begins with Chester J. Lampwick creating Itchy the mouse for the now-lost silent cartoon Manhattan Madness, in which Itchy brutally attacks and kills an Irishman and Theodore Roosevelt, in 1919 (the year of the first Felix the Cat cartoon). However, the character was later stolen by Roger Meyers. Scratchy starred in his first cartoon in 1928 titled That Happy Cat. The film, a 13-second-long animation showing the cat whistling and tipping his hat, was a commercial failure. Later that year, Itchy and Scratchy starred in their first cartoon together called Steamboat Itchy, a violent parody of Disney's Steamboat Willie. Along with the cartoon shorts, Itchy and Scratchy were featured in a World War II–era radio series, at least two films (Pinitchio and Scratchtasia, which are parodies of Pinocchio and Fantasia, respectively), and television commercials for Laramie Cigarettes.

Itchy & Scratchy Studios is run by Roger Meyers Jr., the son of Roger Meyers, the cartoon's supposed creator. The studio was bankrupted after it was sued by Lampwick for $800 million when he was represented by Lionel Hutz, but was saved after receiving a large cash settlement from the government over its use of Mr. ZIP. The show underwent a brief, non-violent retooling following a protest campaign led by Marge Simpson, but it returned to its original violent format after Marge was later discredited. Itchy & Scratchy has spawned an in-universe Academy Award–winning film adaptation, amusement parks, and a musical; and, like Krusty's show, localized versions are produced for other countries, such as Jamaica's The Itchem and Scratchem Blow.

Characters

Featured in Itchy & Scratchy
 Itchy the mouse (voiced by Dan Castellaneta as male and Tress MacNeille as female) and Scratchy the cat (voiced by Harry Shearer) are the main characters in the show. The duo first appeared in The Tracey Ullman Show short "The Bart Simpson Show", which aired November 20, 1988; the performance style at the time was like Tom and Jerry. Their first appearance in The Simpsons was "There's No Disgrace Like Home". Itchy is a blue mouse and the show's villainous protagonist; he almost always succeeds in his relentless attempts in mutating or killing Scratchy and any other cats around. Scratchy is a threadbare, dim-witted black cat and the perpetual victim of Itchy's violent acts; as opposed to Tom of Tom and Jerry, Scratchy seldom antagonizes Itchy to provoke him in any way.

 Poochie (voiced by Dan Castellaneta when voiced by Homer Simpson, Alex Rocco when voiced by Roger Meyers, Jr.), is an orange dog that appeared in "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show" (season eight, 1997). In the episode, the producers of The Itchy & Scratchy Show believed the cartoons were getting stale, and needed a new character to reinvigorate the show. Homer Simpson gets the job of voicing Poochie, who is introduced in the cartoon, "The Beagle Has Landed". A product of marketing department thinking, Poochie was near-universally despised due to interfering with the graphic violence, and was permanently killed off in his second appearance, despite Homer's objections. The episode was both a reference to TV shows which added new characters purportedly to reinvigorate the show, and a commentary on the growing complaints of fans of The Simpsons. The original idea for the episode was that Poochie would be obnoxious because he was so rich, rather than because he was so cool. Poochie would later make brief speaking cameo appearances in "Treehouse of Horror IX", "Little Big Mom", and "The Nightmare After Krustmas".

Production staff
 Roger Meyers Jr. (voiced by Alex Rocco in 1990, 1996-1997, Hank Azaria in 1993-1994) is the Chairman of the Board of Itchy & Scratchy Studios and son of Roger Meyers. He first appeared in "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge" (season two, 1990). He distributes the cartoon and is a jaded and selfish businessman who has nothing but contempt for his audience. He has an extremely callous personality; he only cares about people who can help him. This is displayed in his contempt for the writers of The Itchy & Scratchy Show. Alex Rocco also voiced Meyers in "The Day the Violence Died" and "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show". He said that he liked voicing Meyers because "I get to be a big-shot." He professed being nervous when voicing the character for the first time in "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge" because he said that he had never done a voice-over before. At first he tried doing a special voice, but was told to "just be yourself." Rocco was one of Bill Oakley's and Josh Weinstein's favorite guest stars, and they liked including him in their episodes so they could "have a little fun with him." On occasions when Rocco was unavailable to do a voice over, Meyers was voiced by Hank Azaria in "The Front" (season four, 1993), "Lady Bouvier's Lover" (season five, 1994) and "Itchy & Scratchy Land" (season six, 1994). The spelling of Meyers' name has been inconsistent in the show. His last name was spelled both Myers and Meyers in "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge", and Myers the later episode "The Day the Violence Died". His name is spelled Meyers in "The Front", as well as in the book The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family.

 Roger Meyers Sr. first appeared in video footage in "Itchy & Scratchy Land" and has never had a speaking role. He was created because the writers felt it would have been "tortured logic" to have the Roger Meyers Jr. be the creator. Roger Meyers Sr. has similarities to Walt Disney. For example, Disney's alleged antisemitism is spoofed when it is revealed that Meyers made a cartoon called Nazi Supermen are Our Superiors.

 June Bellamy (voiced by Tress MacNeille in her normal voice, Dan Castellaneta in her Itchy voice, Harry Shearer in her Scratchy voice, Julie Kavner in her Disapproving Squirrel voice) is the actress who portrays both Itchy and Scratchy. Her only appearance was in "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show". She is presumably a reference to veteran voice actress June Foray, who also voiced several male characters, notably Rocky the Flying Squirrel. In actuality, Itchy and Scratchy are voiced by two different men rather than one woman.

 Chester J. Lampwick (voiced by Kirk Douglas) is the creator of Itchy and only appeared in "The Day the Violence Died". The producers' first choice for the character, William Hickey, declined. Douglas's recording session was fraught with interruptions because he refused to wear the supplied earphones and said the maximum he would do was two takes.

 In several episodes revolving around the production of Itchy & Scratchy, caricatures of The Simpsons' staff are used as the writing staff of Itchy & Scratchy. This first occurred in "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge" where caricatures of animators David Silverman, Wes Archer, and Rich Moore can be seen. In "The Front" many of the show's writers were used, this in-joke was purely an idea of the animators. John Swartzwelder, George Meyer, Jeff Martin, Al Jean, Sam Simon, Jon Vitti, and Mike Reiss all appeared in the episode. This joke returned in "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show". Almost all of the writers shown are caricatures of the actual staff of The Simpsons. At the production table, David X. Cohen, Bill Oakley, and Josh Weinstein are shown, while Meyer speaks out and gets fired. The animator shown designing Poochie is Silverman. Others who appear include Dan McGrath, Ian Maxtone-Graham, Donick Cary, Ron Hauge, Ned Goldreyer, and Mike Scully.

Background

Origins

The Itchy & Scratchy Show first appeared in The Tracey Ullman Show short "The Bart Simpson Show", which originally aired November 20, 1988. They were the first major recurring characters outside of the Simpson family to appear. As a child, series creator Matt Groening and his friends would fantasize about an ultra-violent cartoon and how much fun it would be to work on a show like that. The names "Itchy" and "Scratchy" were inspired by Pixie and Dixie, which was a segment on the cartoon show The Huckleberry Hound Show. The comic strip Squeak the Mouse is also considered an apparent inspiration for the characters. As a child, Groening really liked the 1961 Disney film One Hundred and One Dalmatians, and it was one of the reasons to why he got into cartooning. In the film, the puppies watch television, and the idea of having a cartoon within a cartoon thrilled Groening. From that idea he got the inspiration for Itchy & Scratchy.

David Silverman states that Itchy and Scratchy cartoons are "an ironic commentary on cartoon mayhem in the sense that it's taken to a more realistic level. The kids on The Simpsons are laughing at it, and we're laughing too, but part of what you're laughing at is the over-the-top excessiveness of the violence."

Development

Itchy & Scratchy cartoons are often added when a show needs expanding or when there is an issue that the writers wish to satirize. In some cases, notably in "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show", the writers use Itchy & Scratchy as a way to comment on The Simpsons. The shorts are often difficult for the writers, and take much time to develop and devise a title, and in the end they fill little time. Writing the Itchy & Scratchy cartoons is quite often a group effort, with it being pitched out one gag after another. Itchy & Scratchy are a favorite of John Swartzwelder, who has written many of the episodes that center on them and quite often pitches the ideas for the shorts. In the early seasons, fans wanted more Itchy & Scratchy, so the writers decided to do "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge", an episode that dealt with censorship issues which would allow them to show several cartoons. The cartoons are often kept short, because according to David Silverman, "it doesn't really work as a long cartoon."

During David Mirkin's tenure as showrunner (season five and six), he was asked by the Fox network not to do any more Itchy & Scratchy cartoons due to the amount of violence in them. In response, the show produced "Itchy & Scratchy Land". The network asked them not to do the episode, and threatened that if the episode was produced, they would cut the Itchy & Scratchy parts out themselves, but relented when Mirkin threatened to tell the media. The writers nevertheless promised to try not to overdo the violence and in some scenes the violence was cut.

During their tenure as executive producers, Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein tried to fit in one episode relating to Itchy & Scratchy every season. They note that as the seasons progressed, it became increasingly difficult for them to create new Itchy & Scratchy episode ideas. Although the episode was difficult to animate, "Itchy & Scratchy Land" was "a dream come true" for the animators, as they enjoyed animating scenes filled with violence.

Other appearances
Itchy and Scratchy have appeared in various products and other media relating to The Simpsons.

The Itchy & Scratchy Game was released for Game Gear and Super NES, a version for the Sega Genesis was also developed but was never commercially released. Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness, was released for Game Boy. Itchy, Scratchy and Poochie play roles in the "Grand Theft Scratchy" section in The Simpsons Game.

Itchy and Scratchy have also appeared in commercials for various products, including a 1999 Butterfinger advert where Bart watches a short called "500 Easy Pieces".

They appear in the first scene of The Simpsons Movie. The writers of the film knew from the beginning that they were going to start with an Itchy & Scratchy short and the segment was the first scene that was storyboarded by the animators.

The duo also appear in the pre-show video for The Simpsons Ride. They host a video called "Safety First" that shows riders what can happen to them if they do not follow ride requirements.

Outside of The Simpsons, Itchy & Scratchy also appear in one of the last scenes of Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai.

Reception

Critical response
In his 2004 book Planet Simpson, author Chris Turner describes Itchy & Scratchy as "by far the most gleeful visual riffing on The Simpsons [...] each snippet of "Itchy & Scratchy" packs as much frenetically paced action, sight-gaggery, and physical humor into its half-minute of screen time as a half-dozen Road Runner cartoons and a dozen Tom & Jerrys."

In 2007, Vanity Fair named "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show" the sixth-best episode in the show's history, describing it as "a classic satire of network influence, obsessed TV fans, and programs that survive long after the shark has been jumped, the episode is a meta-celebration, a tongue-in-cheek rebuttal to everyone who claimed that the quality of The Simpsons had declined over the years."

Todd Gilchrist of IGN called Itchy & Scratchy a masterpiece, stating it "could easily be packaged and sold by [itself]." Robert Canning of IGN wrote that "it's always fun to see an 'Itchy and Scratchy' cartoon" but believes that the shorter and simpler cartoons are better than the longer more complex ones.

Popularity
In 2003, Entertainment Weekly named "Itchy & Scratchy Land" and "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show" the 7th-best and 23rd-best episodes of The Simpsons, respectively.

In a 2006 article, IGN ranked Itchy & Scratchy in tenth position on their list of the "Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters", citing that "the Itchy & Scratchy Show shines a nice mirror on cartoons, showing just how funny cartoon violence really is."

In a 2014 Vulture article, The Simpsons writers ranked their nine favorite Itchy & Scratchy cartoons. Their choices included season 4's "Steamboat Itchy", season 14's "Bleeder of the Pack", the opening scene of The Simpsons Movie and the safety video "Safety First" that plays before The Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios.

See also

 Conker's Bad Fur Day
 Happy Tree Friends
 Krazy Kat
 Another
 Sausage Party
 Superjail!

References

Bibliography

External links

Animated duos
Anthropomorphic cats
Anthropomorphic mice and rats
Fiction about animal cruelty
Fiction about murder
Fictional rivalries
Fictional television shows
Male characters in animation
Parodies of films
Parodies of horror
Parodies of television shows
The Simpsons characters
Fictional elements introduced in 1988
Television characters introduced in 1988

The Itchy & Scratchy Show


Sebastian (2006) is the first novel of the Landscapes of Ephemera duology written by Anne Bishop and introduces the world Ephemera.

Plot introduction
The incubus Sebastian is the bastard child of a succubus and the wizard Koltak. Being an incubus has not made his life easy. Forced to flee every city or town he settled in, he has never known a home. Until one day, his cousin, 15-year-old Glorianna Belladonna, creates a landscape where demons can live, called the 'Den of Iniquity'. It is a 'carnal carnival' filled with gambling, drinking, prostitution and demons. Shocked by her actions and her ability to create a landscape, the wizards and Landscapers question her. She simply responds, "Even demons need a home." The wizards attempt to lock her into her own garden, but fail. She is then declared rogue.

Meanwhile, Sebastian, living in the Den of Iniquity and ignorant of the sacrifices his cousin has made for him, begins to tire of the life he lives, finding simply having sex with women no longer interesting. When he first stumbled into the Den when he was a 15-year-old boy, he and his first and foremost friend Teaser, another incubus, prowled around the Den, using their abilities to entertain themselves. This life no longer holds any appeal. He yearns for love - and it appears in the form of Lynnea.  She is a catalyst whose "heart wish" (a strong wish deeply embedded within her) delivered her to the Den. Her arrival brings about 'opportunity and change'.

Characters
Sebastian - an incubus that lives in the Den of Iniquity, and the title character.
Glorianna Belladonna - a rogue Landscaper who wields unprecedented powers and Sebastian's cousin.
The Eater of the World - a Cthulhoid shape-changing monster that has recently been released into the landscapes.  It feeds on fear, horror and other dark emotions.
Lynnea - a naive woman, Sebastian's love interest, sometimes referred to as "rabbit" or "tigress".  She is a catalyst for change.
Teaser - an incubus, and Sebastian's first and best friend.
Koltak - Sebastian's unloving father and a status-seeking wizard.
Philo - Innkeeper in The Den of Iniquity.
Lee - Sebastian's cousin and Glorianna's brother.
Nadia - Sebastian's aunt, mother to Glorianna and Lee.  Nadia has provided Sebastian with intermittent tastes of a loving family life through his childhood.  She is also a Landscaper in her own right.
Peter - Glorianna's and Lee's father, and Nadia's husband.  Also brother to Koltak.  Peter is missing and presumed dead.  He is a wizard.

External links
 Official Anne Bishop page for Sebastian
 Fresh Fiction
 The Best Reviews

2006 American novels
American fantasy novels

Sebastian (Bishop novel)


Parliamentary procedure is a commonly accepted way in which a group of people work together to discuss and make decisions.  It is a set of rules for meetings.

History
The term gets its name from its use in the Parliamentary system of government.

In the 16th century, there were rules of order in the early British Parliaments.  In the 1560s, Sir Thomas Smith published a book about the procedures in the House of Commons in 1583.<ref name="britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444328/parliamentary-procedure "Parliamentary procedure" at Encyclopedia Britannica]; retrieved 2013-1-11.</ref>  Early rules included
 One subject should be discussed at a time (adopted 1581)
 Personal attacks are to be avoided in debate (1604)
 Debate must be limited to the merits of the question (1610)
 Division of a question when some seem to be for one part but not the other (1640)

 Westminster procedures
The Westminster parliamentary procedures are followed in several Commonwealth countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa.  In Canada, for example, Parliament uses [House of Commons Procedure and Practice as its primary procedural authority.

 American procedures
The rules of the United States Congress were developed from the parliamentary procedures used in Britain. Variations of the American parliamentary procedures are followed in many nations, including Indonesia, the Phillipines, Mexico and South Korea.

 Other
In contrast, the procedures of the Diet of Japan have moved away from the British parliamentary model.  After the end of World War II, there were efforts to bring Japanese parliamentary procedures more in line with American congressional practices. In Japan, informal negotiations are more important than formal procedures.

 Robert's Rules
In the US, the most widely used set of rules is Robert's Rules of Order''.

Related pages
 Filibuster

References

Other websites
  "Parliamentary Procedure" (UK)
"Parliamentary Procedure" (Canada)
  "Powers, practice and procedure" (Australia)
 Mason's Manual at National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP)

Parliamentary procedure
Legislation

Parliamentary procedure


Henry Hintermeister (1897-1970) was a painter and illustrator who painted in the Golden Age of Illustration under the signature Hy Hintermeister. He painted as team with his father, John Henry Hintermeister, and together they created more than 1000 works. Henry may have begun began his professional career as early as 1914 (age 17), when a copyright for a Henry Hintermeister was registered. He is best known today for his "American themed paintings."

Henry's earliest published works featured family, images of women and children, dogs, horses and recreation. He also painted fantastic scenes, with Indian maidens and scantily clad Romans and Egyptians. In later years he created ionic and semi-comical works, with subjects including the multiple dangers of crossing the street, children and grandparents, fishermen, policemen, boy scouts and hunters. One of his iconic works was the "Uncle Natchel" series of paintings for Chilean Natural Soda, which debuted in 1935 as a calendar print and ran into the early 1960s.

While Henry surpassed his father in 21st century databases, by being the main person associated with the signature "Hy Hintermeister," he got his start teaming with his father. Collectors have found it difficult on some works to tell the creator from the signature alone. When Henry began having works published in his name in 1919, his father had been working for about 30 years.  When his father died in 1945, Henry continued to paint for about 25 years more. Between them, their shared "Hy Hintermeister" had mature painters signing it for decades.

Name
Henry appeared on documents for most of his life without a middle initial. However, his birth certificate named him Henry August Adam Hintermeister, and on the 1910 census he was Henry A. A. Hintermeister. He was Henry A. Hintermeister in the New York census in 1905 and 1915.

After his father's death, he began to have some works copyrighted as Henry J. Hintermeister.

Gallery

References

20th-century American painters
American illustrators
1897 births
1970 deaths

Henry Hintermeister


A gallstone, also called a shav-stone, is a (stone) formed inside the gallbladder. Gallstones may pass into other parts of the biliary tract. If the stones pass out of the gall bladder they may cause extreme pain, which requires surgery or other treatment.

Cause of Gallstones
Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located in the abdomen. They are made up of cholesterol, bile pigments, and other substances found in bile.

The main cause of gallstones is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile. When the levels of cholesterol and other substances in bile become too high, they can form solid particles. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including:

 Increased cholesterol levels: High levels of cholesterol in the bile can lead to the formation of gallstones. This may be due to a diet high in cholesterol or a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol levels.
 Decreased bile movement: The movement of bile through the gallbladder and bile ducts helps prevent the formation of gallstones. If the flow of bile is slowed or blocked, it may lead to the formation of gallstones.
 Increased bilirubin levels: Bilirubin is a substance produced when red blood cells are broken down. If the body produces too much bilirubin, it can lead to the formation of gallstones.
 Other factors: Other factors that may increase the risk of developing gallstones include obesity, pregnancy, rapid weight loss, and certain medications.

It is important to note that not all people who have gallstones will experience symptoms, and some people may develop gallstones without any known risk factors.

References

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system

Gallstone


Les Wolff (April 11, 1941 – July 11, 2017) was an American football player and professional wrestler, known by his ring name "Beautiful" Buddy Wolfe, who competed in North American regional promotions including the American Wrestling Association, National Wrestling Alliance and the World Wide Wrestling Federation during the 1970s and 80s.

Wolff found his greatest success as the tag team partner of Don Jardine wrestling as the second incarnation of The Spoilers in the Tri-State territory. He was one of several men to team with Jardine as Spoiler #2, twice winning the NWA United States Tag Team Championship during the early 1970s.

Wolff later formed a tag team with "Luscious" Larry Heinimi, who together were considered one of the top "heel" tag teams in the Midwest United States during the mid-1970s.

Professional wrestling career

Early career
Trained by wrestler Verne Gagne, Wolff was one of several students to debut during the early 1970s including Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat, "Nature Boy" Ric Flair and Pacific Northwest Wrestling mainstay "Playboy" Buddy Rose, whom he would become a mentor to during his early career. In one of his earliest matches, he lost to his future brother-in-law Maurice "Mad Dog" Vachon in Fargo, North Dakota on December 20, 1970.

From Atlanta to Texas
He spent his first years in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling feuding with fellow Minnesota State alumni Ole and Lars Anderson. Wolff dominated his feud with Ole Anderson and, to further the storyline, a real-life incident in which Ole Anderson broke his nose while the two attended college was often referenced by Anderson who frequently claimed that Wolff was trying to end his wrestling career.

During mid-1971, Wolff wrestled in the Dallas-area for promoter Jack Adkisson. On July 20, he and Bronko Lubich fought Nick Kozak and Johnny Valentine to a draw at The Sportatorium. Later single matches against Bobby Shane and Johnny Valentine also resulted in draws. He scored one of his earliest victories when he defeated The Great Scott on August 10, however this was followed by a defeat in an 8-man tag team match with Bronko Lubich, Toru Tanaka and Skandor Akbar losing to Nick Kozak & Johnny Valentine, Rey Mendoza and Jose Lothario on August 17. He continued feuding with Kozak and Valentine, fighting to a draw with Kozak on August 31 and defeating Valentine on September 7. The following week, he lost to Wahoo McDaniel in a best 2-of-3 pinfalls match. On September 21, he teamed with Toru Tanaka and Thunderbolt Patterson in a 6-man tag team match losing to Johnny Valentine, Jose Lothario and Fritz von Erich. He faced Paterson and Valentine in a three-way elimination match with Valentine defeating pinning Patterson and himself on September 28. Although the Dallas Morning News reported that this match was the first "3-man free-for-all wrestling match" held in Dallas, this statement in inaccurate.

On October 5, he teamed with Lubich, Patterson, Tanaka and George Hultz in a 10-man tag team match losing to Kozak, Valentine, Jose Lothario, Sabu Singh and Bobby Burns. He defeated Burns in a singles match later that night. In another best 2-of-3 falls match, he teamed with Wahoo McDaniel and lost to Thunderbolt Patterson and Toru Tanaka on October 26. In the following weeks, he faced Toru Tanaka, Patterson and Joe Dusek. He fought his last match in the promotion fighting former tag team partner Bronko Lubich on December 14, 1971.

World Wide Wrestling Federation (1972–1973)
In late 1972, Wolff began competing in the World Wide Wrestling Federation. He defeated Blackjack Slade in his debut match at Madison Square Garden on October 16, 1972. He defeated El Olympico but lost to Chief Jay Strongbow and Tony Garea during the next few weeks. He also faced his old trainer Verne Gagne at Madison Square Garden on November 27. The next month, he defeated Sonny King but lost to Victor Rivera via disqualification on December 29.

The following year, he faced then WWWF World Heavyweight Champion Pedro Morales at the Westchester Civic Center in White Plains, New York on January 24, 1973. He would be the first of several major opponents to challenge Morales for the title that year. Three days later, substituting for Prof. Toru Tanaka, he faced Chief Jay Strongbow at Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York. Later that day, he teamed with Moondog Mayne and King Curtis in a 6-man tag team match against Pedro Morales, Chief Jay Strongbow and Gorilla Monsoon in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 27.

On February 10, he would score his first victory defeating Mike Conrad and would face Pedro Morales in several matches during the year. Teaming with Prof. Toru Tanaka & Mr. Fuji losing to Pedro Morales, Gorilla Monsoon and Bobo Brazil at the Baltimore Civic Center in Baltimore, Maryland on February 20 and again faced Morales in a singles match at the Zembo Mosque in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on February 23. During the match, Wolfe sustained a serious head wound after hitting one of the turnbuckles and the referee stopped the match.

He would also face Mil Máscaras and Lee Wong during the next several weeks before losing to Pedro Morales in a Texas Death match on March 16 and, the following night, teamed with Moondog Mayne and Toru Tanaka in a 6-man tag team match against Gorilla Monsoon, Sonny King and El Olympico. On March 26, he lost to André the Giant in his debut match at Madison Square Garden on March 26  and to Pedro Morales in New London, Connecticut on April 13.

He again faced Morales on April 21, during which time the match was again stopped by the referee due to a serious wound being sustained. He and Frank Valois faced André the Giant in a handicap match in Augusta, Maine on April 26 as well as facing Gorilla Monsoon and "Classie" Freddie Blassie before leaving the promotion in late April 1973.

American Wrestling Association & National Wrestling Alliance (1973–1978)
Later that year, he and Lars Anderson (under the name "Luscious" Larry Heinimi) began teaming together and billed as "cousins" although this was kayfabe. While in the Midwest, they were one of the top tag teams in the World Wrestling Association. They also had successful runs in the American Wrestling Association and in the Tri-State territory. For a brief time in the mid-1970s, he and Anderson owned and operated a chain of "shirt shacks" selling tie-dye shirts.

Wolff also traveled to Japan along with Ric Flair, Skandor Akbar and The Outlaws (Dick Murdoch & Dusty Rhodes) and toured with Isao Yoshihara's International Wrestling Enterprise promotion from June 18 to July 15, 1973. The next year, he made an appearance for Verne Gagne's American Wrestling Association fighting Greg Gagne to a time limit draw at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois on September 7, 1974.

After Anderson lost a retirement match to Billy Robinson forcing him to leave the AWA, Wolff announced he had found a new tag team partner Kim Duk. He and Kim Duk had a brief but memorable run as a tag team, however they were ultimately unsuccessful in winning the AWA World Tag Team Championship and split up soon after. In one of their last appearances as a team, they lost to Greg Gagne & Jim Brunzell at the Omaha Civic Auditorium on August 19, 1975.

In October, while in NWA Texas, he scored victories over Red Bastien, Abe Jacobs and Bruiser Blackwell before fighting to a draw against NWA Texas Heavyweight Champion Al Madril in Dallas, Texas on October 28. The next night, he and John Tolos lost a tag team match to André the Giant and Jose Lothario in San Antonio. On November 3, he defeated Al Madril for the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship. He successfully defended the title against Tony Atlas and in rematches with Al Madrill before he losing to John Tolos later that month.

In June 1976, he was a wrestling sparring partner for Muhammad Ali and later faced him in an exhibition match at an AWA event in Chicago. At the time, Ali was preparing for his match against Japanese wrestler Antonio Inoki. He was also a sparring partner for Kenny Jay. The next month he lost to Moose Cholak at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois on August 27, 1976. Later that year, he traveled to Japan where he faced Abdullah the Butcher in a rare meeting.

While in NWA Florida, he teamed with Superstar Billy Graham and Steve Strong against Rhodes, Jack and Jerry Brisco at North Dade Jr. College in Miami on January 12, 1977. He also defeated Steve Keirn in a tournament final to win the vacant NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship in March before losing it to Dusty Rhodes three months later. The following year, he and Killer Karl Kox feuded with Rhodes and Wahoo McDaniel in Florida Championship Wrestling facing them in several tag team matches. Teaming with Ric Flair and Ox Baker, Wolfe lost to André the Giant and Dick the Bruiser in a three-on-two handicap match in St. Louis, Missouri on March 17, 1978.

Later career and retirement (1983–1988)
He defeated Lars Anderson for the WWL Heavyweight Championship in Joplin, Missouri on January 18, 1983. After this point, Wolff began to slow down making brief appearances in various regional territories. He teamed with Ken Timbs against Tojo Yamamoto & Johnny Wilhoit at the Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis, Tennessee on July 16, 1984.

He eventually returned to the AWA where he spent the last years of his career. At the supercard Brawl in St. Paul, Wolff fought Buck Zumhofe to a time limit draw at St. Paul Civic Center in St. Paul, Minnesota on December 25, 1986. The following year at SuperClash II, with Doug Somers & "Mr. Magnificent" Kevin Kelly, Wolff lost to Ray Stevens and The Midnight Rockers (Shawn Michaels & Marty Jannetty) in a 6-man tag team match at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California on May 2, 1987.

Personal life
Wolff played football in high school and college, later attending St. Cloud State College, prior to becoming a former defensive end for the Norfolk Neptunes. He was voted Rookie of the Year during his first year in the Continental Football League but left the organization in 1968 to pursue a career in professional wrestling.

He was also the husband of Vivian Vachon, a popular French-Canadian female wrestler and member of the famous Vachon wrestling family, to whom he was married from 1976 to 1979. He also had two daughters, Lisa and Ann, from his first marriage.

Following his retirement, he eventually moved to Hackensack, Minnesota and formed a company, Banner Saver Pro 2000, which manufactures special custom brackets to keep banners from falling off signs in strong winds. He came up with the idea while watching the 2002 Winter Olympics and saw some of the banners being blown off signs.

In 2003, he made a public appearance with the Vachon brothers at the 2003 Cauliflower Alley Club Banquet & Reunion in Las Vegas, Nevada from April 4–6, 2003. At the event, he gave a speech.

Death
On July 11, 2017, Wolff's daughter Lisa Wolff Clausen posted on her Facebook page that Wolfe had died. Minnesota historian and decades-long friend George Schire afterwards stated that Wolfe had been battling dementia in recent years. His brain will be donated to Boston University.

Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Association
AWA Midwest Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Tri-State
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Tri-State version) (2 times) – with Don Jardine
NWA Big-Time Wrestling
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References

External links
Wrestler: Buddy Wolff
Lars and Les's inventions, the Tummy Twister
Les Wolff's Sports Memorabilia

1941 births
2017 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from St. Cloud, Minnesota
Professional wrestlers from Minnesota
People from Blue Earth, Minnesota
20th-century professional wrestlers
NWA Florida Heavyweight Champions
NWA Texas Heavyweight Champions

Buddy Wolfe


Carlo Biotti (1901 – 10 December 1977) was an Italian judge. He became the President of the Court of Milan. His forced removal from the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi in 1971 became a cause célèbre.

Biotti was the leading judge in the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi.  Calabresi had led the investigation into the Piazza Fontana bombing. Pinelli died in mysterious circumstances during a police interrogation after the bombing. On 27 May 1971, Biotti was removed at the request of Calabresi's lawyer. The lawyer claimed that in a private conversation Biotti had admitted that for career reasons he had already formed an opinion on the case. It was a claim that Biotti vehemently denied.  Neither Biotti nor his two fellow judges were convinced that Pinelli had died from falling from the police station window. His forced removal prevented the exhumation of Pinelli's body, and delayed the investigation for two years.

Biotti fought for years to clear his name and in November 1974 was completely exonerated by the Court of Florence. He died three years later at the age of 76. In the 2012 film Piazza Fontana: The Italian Conspiracy, the character of Carlo Biotti is played by Bob Marchese.

From 1964 Biotti was also a director of A.C. Milan.

References

Italian judges
1901 births
1977 deaths

Carlo Biotti


Enka is an unincorporated community in Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. It lies on U.S. Routes 19, 23, and 74 Business near the interchange of Interstates 26, 40, and 240.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 28728.

History

American Enka

The American Enka Company, incorporated in 1928, built what became the nation's largest rayon-producing factory.  The Dutch name of the rayon company was Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek, and it is from the Dutch phonetic pronunciation of the initial letters N and K of the firm's name that "Enka" is derived. The alternative explanation that Enka stands for "Eerste Nederlandse Kunstzijdefabriek Arnhem" is incorrect.  The Dutch company considered many sites and decided on the Hominy Valley because of its supply of water and labor. In 1929 the company began developing a community plan that included employee houses and became known as Enka Village.  Enka Village is now a historic community and is part of the city of Asheville.

Fred Loring Seely, an Asheville businessman and son-in-law of Edwin Wiley Grove (see Grove Park Inn) met several influential Dutch businessmen during his time in the Dutch colony of Java in 1901. Seely and his wife, Evelyn Grove Seely, had been sent to Java by Mr. Grove to secure a source for quinine which was used in Grove's famous malarial Chill Tonic. When the Dutch rayon businessmen were searching for a site for an American-based factory in 1928 Mr. Seely served as a liaison to lure ENKA to build the rayon fiber factory in Buncombe County. He told the ENKA owners that his county could supply trees for fiber, water for processing, and reliable manpower. The thousands of jobs created in western North Carolina in 1929 were lifesavers for many families. American Enka sent Mr. Seely over $1 million to buy 2000 acres, and ENKA built a $10 million plant. Nineteen hundred people worked there during the Great Depression, and that number grew to 4,300 after World War II. At one point, as many as 7,000 people worked there. Amenities included a gym, a pool room, a bowling alley, two cafeterias, and a library. Enka Lake Club opened on a lake built to supply the plant with water. Buses delivered employees from the surrounding area.

It was said that stricter environmental regulations led to a decline in rayon, and American Enka sold the plant to BASF in 1985. BASF sold the plant to Colbond Inc. in 2000, and as of 2007, rayon was no longer made. The northern section was sold to developers who tore down everything but the clock tower. Enka Lake is now part of the private Biltmore Lake HOA community; Three buildings became the Enka campus of Asheville–Buncombe Technical Community College.

The future of Enka
Portions of the plant still stand, including a campus of Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College. The remainder of the area includes Offices, warehouses and industrial areas, open space, and a greenway follows along Hominy Creek.

Though as of 2015 about 200 people worked for Bonar Inc. making fabric for commercial carpet backing and more space was leased to ten other companies, most of the former plant is gone. A school scheduled to open in 2016 will have 20,000 bricks from the plant, a clock tower recalling the one at the plant, and sloped roofs recalling the sawtooth design.

Included in Enka Center will be a warehouse and distribution center to be built by Samet Corp., for which a proposal is to be considered by the Asheville city council in January 2021. If Samet determines it is possible, the clock tower will be preserved.

outdated as of 6/23/2023

References

External links
 Enka at the U.S. Geographic Names Information System

Unincorporated communities in Buncombe County, North Carolina
Asheville metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1928
Company towns in North Carolina

Enka, North Carolina


Lincoln Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Rocky Mount, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 47 contributing buildings in a middle-class African-American section of Rocky Mount.  They were built between 1948 and 1953, and include an intact collection of single-family Minimal Traditional-style houses and the Lincoln Park Motel and Restaurant.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

African-American history of North Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Edgecombe County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Edgecombe County, North Carolina

Lincoln Park Historic District (Rocky Mount, North Carolina)