Gioia Tauro () is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria (Italy), on the Tyrrhenian coast. It has an important port, situated along the route connecting Suez to Gibraltar, one of the busiest maritime corridors in the world.

History
Gioia Tauro has been continuously inhabited for more than 2500 years. From about 400 BC or so it was inhabited by Greek colonists who called it Matauros or Metauros ().  Solinus wrote that it was established by Greeks from Zancle.
It was one of the smaller ancient Greek centers among the settlements in Southern Italy (Magna Graecia). The ancient poet Stesichorus is said to have been born there. The remains are a little further inland in the old town of Gioia Tauro on a rise overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea.

In the 1970s, Gioia Tauro was the main centre for industrial development in Southern Italy, following a burst of violence in Reggio Calabria in 1970, signaling frustration over the central government's neglect of the region. The construction of a large steel plant and port facility was meant to bring income and jobs to Calabria. Until then Gioia Tauro had been a productive and beautiful agricultural area. Profitable farms and olive groves were expropriated and demolished.

The 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organisation based in Calabria, and in particular the Piromalli clan, exploited the construction of the steelworks until the project was abandoned in 1979, when the crisis in the steel industry could no longer be ignored and the government decided there was no economic basis for it. In the meantime some 1,000 people were killed in conflicts over construction contracts. For a while the homicide rate of Gioia Tauro, was higher than that of New York City.

Following this, a proposed electrical energy power station was never built, due to environmental problems. Gioia Tauro became an example of the failure that characterized much of the development of Italy's South as "industrialisation without development."

Gioia Tauro seaport

The seaport has seven loading docks with an extension of ; it is the largest in Italy and the seventh-largest container port in Europe, with a 2007 throughput of s from more than 3,000 ships. In 2018 the port was in eighth place for EU container traffic, on a higher throughput of .

In 2002 more than one-third of national traffic went through the seaport; it specializes in transshipment activities, replacing the port of Malta as the node for overseas traffic to and from the US and the Far East.
The Medcenter Container Terminal (Medcenter, Contship) is the main operator working in the port.

'Ndrangheta control of port
According to a 2006 report, Italian investigators estimate that 80% of Europe's cocaine arrives from Colombia via Gioia Tauro's docks. The port is also involved in the illegal arms trade. These activities are controlled by the 'Ndrangheta. In 2014 the US FBI and the Italian police made arrests in a joint operation aimed at smashing a new trafficking route for drugs and weapons that officials said had brought together the Gambino crime family of New York and the 'Ndrangheta. It was alleged that representatives of the criminal organisations discussed plans to ship cocaine and heroin from Gioia Tauro to the United States, selling more than  of heroin to an FBI undercover agent, thinking it would be distributed across the United States. A mafia expert said that the US mafia understood that the Sicilian Cosa Nostra had been so weakened that it allowed the 'Ndrangheta to rise.

"In the 1970s, the Christian Democratic Italian Government (with the active encouragement of the left) appropriated (and wasted) tens of billions of dollars to build one of the country's largest steel plants in Calabria, but the project was abandoned because of a crisis in the steel industry.... The government ultimately completed construction of a huge seaport at Gioia Tauro (the sixth largest in the Mediterranean) which was originally meant to service the steel plant....[Alex] Perry [in his 2018 book, The Good Mothers (2018)] notes that 'the railway that connected Gioia Tauro to Europe stopped 1.5 kilometers short of the port, meaning all the cargo' — legal and illegal — 'from one of the biggest Mediterranean container ports had to be loaded onto mafia-owned trucks and driven three minutes to the station.' The port's legitimate business has struggled in recent years, no doubt a result of Mafia control."

The Piromalli-Molè clan managed to condition the management of the new container terminal. Established in the mid-1990s, it became the largest terminal in the Mediterranean, moving over 2 million containers in 1998. Since 1994, when Contship Italia rented the port area to start transshipment activity and the Medcenter Container Terminal was set up thanks to 138 billion lire (about US$86 million) in state financing, the Piromallis aimed to oblige the Medcenter company, through its vice president  Walter Lugli, and the Contship company, through its president Enrico Ravano, to pay a kickback of US$1.50 for each transshipped container, about half of the net profits earned by the two companies.

In February 2008 the parliamentary Antimafia Commission concluded that the 'Ndrangheta "controls or influences a large part of the economic activity around the port and uses the facility as a base for illegal trafficking." In its report it said that "the entire gamma of internal or sub-contracted activities is mafia-influenced, from the management of distribution and forwarding to customs control and container storage." The extortion of Ravano and Contship was part of a project that "did not involve simply this security tax, which grew with the port, but also control of activities tied to the port, the hiring of workers, and relations with port unions and local institutions". "It effectively eliminated legitimate competition from companies not influenced or controlled by the mafia in providing goods and services, performing construction work and hiring personnel. And it threw a shadow over the behaviour of local government and other public bodies."

'Ndrangheta infiltration of city council
The city council of Gioia Tauro was dissolved in 1991 because of infiltration by the 'Ndrangheta. In April 2008, it was dissolved for the second time for the same reason. The town is home to several 'ndrine, such as the Alvaro, Mammoliti, Molè, and Piromalli families.

Gioia Tauro's former mayor and deputy mayor, Giorgio Dal Torrione and Rosario Schiavone, were arrested on mafia charges on October 13, 2008. Both had been forced to step down in April, when the city council was dissolved on suspicion of mafia infiltration. 'Ndrangheta boss Gioacchino Piromalli was arrested as well, along with his nephew, also named Gioacchino Piromalli, who is a lawyer. The mayors were accused of employing the younger Piromalli. Police believe the legal work was a front to enable the Piromallis to regain a slice of the business generated by the port of Gioia Tauro.

Notable people
 Stesichorus – ancient poet
 Nick Nostro – film director

Winds
 Sirocco, a hot, dry wind originating in Sahara Desert (southeasterly)
 Libeccio, very dangerous for shippers (to be avoided; southwesterly)
 Mistral (Ponente), the predominant and quiet wind (northwesterly)

Demographic evolution

References

 Paoli, Letizia (2003). Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style, New York: Oxford University Press  (Review by Klaus Von Lampe) (Review by Alexandra V. Orlova)
 Spotts, Frederic & Theodor Wieser (1986). Italy, a Difficult Democracy: A Survey of Italian Politics, Cambridge University Press,

External links
 Postcards from Gioia Tauro

Tyrrhenian Sea
History of the 'Ndrangheta

Gioia Tauro


Richard Lee Turberville Beale (May 22, 1819 – April 21, 1893) was a lawyer, three-term United States Congressman from the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He had more than 3-dozen slaves and was a Democrat.

Early life and career
Beale was born at Hickory Hill, Westmoreland County, Virginia. He attended two local private schools, Northumberland Academy and Rappahannock Academy, before attending Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He studied law and graduated from the University of Virginia in 1837. Two years later, he was admitted to the bar and established a law practice at Hague, Virginia.

Beale was elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849). However, he declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1848. He served as a member of the Virginia constitutional reform convention in 1850–51 where he opposed constitutional reform as a member of the ruling Richmond Junta, and he was elected to the Virginia Senate serving from 1858 to 1860.

Beale owned thirty-eight slaves along with significant farmland.

Civil War
Upon the secession of Virginia in 1861, Beale accepted a commission in the cavalry as a lieutenant in the 9th Virginia Cavalry. He was soon promoted to captain and then major, and placed in command of Camp Lee, near his hometown of Hague, on the lower Potomac River. Being commended for his intelligence and excellent judgment, he subsequently served under Col. W. H. F. "Rooney" Lee in the 9th Virginia Cavalry in what became the Army of Northern Virginia. When Lee was promoted to brigadier general, Beale was advanced to the rank of colonel on September 15, 1862 and given command of the regiment, which included his sons. In December 1862, he led a bold expedition throughout the countryside near the Rappahannock River, capturing the Federal garrison at Leeds without losing a man.

Beale's service in 1863 earned him several written commendations and praises. On April 16, he won the praise of Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart for repelling the threatened raid of Maj. Gen. George Stoneman's Federal cavalry division, capturing several prisoners during a week of nearly continual fighting. During the Gettysburg Campaign, Beale led the 9th Virginia in a charge on Fleetwood Hill at the Battle of Brandy Station in June. He participated in Stuart's subsequent ride around the Army of the Potomac and the raid through Maryland and Pennsylvania. He participated in hard fighting at Gettysburg's East Cavalry Field in early July and during the army's retreat to Virginia. He briefly assumed command of Rooney Lee's brigade during fighting at Culpeper Court House and participated in the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns.

In March 1864, he made a forced march to intercept Union Col. Ulric Dahlgren and his raiders. A detachment of his 9th Virginia Cavalry successfully ambushed the Federals, and, with other units, captured about 175 men and killed Dahlgren. The papers found upon Dahlgren's person, revealing a design to burn Richmond and kill President Jefferson Davis and his Cabinet, were forwarded through Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee to the Confederate government. These controversial papers discovered by Beale's troopers may have been a factor that influenced John Wilkes Booth in his decision to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.

Beale led his regiment during the Overland Campaign, and captured two Union flags at the Second Battle of Ream's Station during the Siege of Petersburg. In August, upon the death of John R. Chambliss, Beale was assigned to command of Chambliss's brigade, although still with the rank of colonel. It was not until February 6, 1865, that he was finally promoted to brigadier general. He led the brigade through the end of the war. He was wounded and captured at Appomattox Station on April 9, 1865, and was paroled on April 27 at Ashland.

Postbellum activities
After the war, Beale resumed his political career during Reconstruction. He was elected to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Beverly B. Douglas. He was reelected and served in the Forty-sixth Congress from January 23, 1879 to March 3, 1881. Finally retiring from public service, Beale resumed the practice of law. He also wrote A History of the Ninth Virginia Cavalry in the War Between the States.

Beale died near Hague, Virginia, and was buried there at Hickory Hill Cemetery.

Elections
1847; Beale was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 8th District with 51.86% of the vote, defeating Whig Willoughby Newton.
1855; Beale lost election to the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 1st District, defeated by Democrat Thomas Henry Bayly.
1878; Beale was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 1st District with 48.32% of the vote, defeating Republican George C. Round and Independent Democrat John Critcher.
1879; Beale won a special election with 75.84% of the vote, defeating Republican U.W. Douglas and Independents George C. Round and John W. Parker.

Bibliography

See also
List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
Evans, Clement, Confederate Military History, Volume III. Atlanta, Georgia: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899.
 Retrieved on 2008-10-18
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

1819 births
1893 deaths
People from Westmoreland County, Virginia
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
Confederate States Army brigadier generals
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Democratic Party Virginia state senators
Virginia lawyers
Dickinson College alumni
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers

Richard L. T. Beale


Lucius Caflisch (born 31 August 1936) is a Swiss international law specialist.

Lucius Caflisch was a professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. He was also director of the institute between 1984 and 1990.

In 1991, he became legal advisor for the Swiss Federal Département of Foreign Affairs and represented Switzerland at several international conventions, for example on banning personnel mines and on maritime law, and at negotiations creating the constitution of the international criminal court. He also acted as judge for the principality of Liechtenstein at the European Court of Human Rights between 1998 and 2006.

In 2006 Professor Caflisch was appointed to the Geneva-based United Nations International Law Commission.

References

Sources
Publication List of Prof. Lucius Caflisch (Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva)
 Election of Professor Lucius Caflisch to the UN International Law Commission (Swiss Federal Département of Foreign Affairs)
Swiss joins prestigious UN law commission (Swissinfo)

Living people
1936 births
20th-century Swiss judges
International law scholars
Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
Swiss officials of the United Nations
Swiss judges of international courts and tribunals
21st-century Swiss judges

Lucius Caflisch


Maya Mikhaylovna Plisetskaya (; 20 November 1925 – 2 May 2015) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, director and actress. She was born in Moscow, Soviet Union.

Plisetskaya gained an interest in ballet at a young age and was active during the Soviet period. She has been called by some, such as Nikita Khrushchev, one of the best ballerinas of all time. She was married to composer and pianist Rodion Shchedrin from 1958 until her death.

Early life
Plisetskaya was born in Moscow, Russia to Lithuanian Jewish parents. Her mother, Rachel Messerer, was a silent movie actress and her father, Mikhail Plisetski, was a diplomat. She studied at the Bolshoi Theater.

Family
In 1938, her father was arrested and later executed during the Stalinist purges. Her mother was arrested soon after and, with Maya's seven-month-old baby brother, sent to a gulag in Kazakhstan for the next three years. Plisetskaya was taken in by her maternal aunt (a ballerina) until her mother was released in 1941.

During the years without her parents, and barely a teenager, Plisetskaya "faced terror, war, and dislocation". As a result, "Maya took refuge in ballet and the Bolshoi Theatre".

Dancing
For many years she was not allowed to tour outside the Soviet Union. This ban was lifted in 1959 by Nikita Khrushchev.

Able to travel the world as a member of the Bolshoi, her skill as a dancer was widely recognised. It set a high standard for ballerinas in technique and dramatic presence. Khrushchev allowed her to go on the Bolshoi tour in New York and he was immensely satisfied upon reading the reviews of her performances. He embraced her on her return.

Within a few years, she was recognized as "an international superstar" and a continuous "box office hit throughout the world". The Soviet Union treated her as a favored cultural emissary, as "the dancer who did not defect". Although she toured extensively during the years that other dancers defected, including Rudolph Nureyev, Natalia Makarova and Mikhail Baryshnikov, Plisetskaya always returned to Russia.

Plisetskaya explains that for her generation, and her family in particular, defecting was a moral issue. She had once asked her mother why their family didn't leave the Soviet Union when they had the chance, at the time living in Norway. Her mother said "Misha would never have been a traitor".

Personal life
Plisetskaya married composer Rodion Shchedrin in 1958. They lived in Munich, Germany. She was close friends with Robert F. Kennedy. Plisetskaya was a naturalized citizen of Lithuania and Spain.

Death
Plisetskaya died in Munich, Germany on 2 May 2015 from a heart attack, aged 89.

Awards
Plisetskaya was given many awards by the Soviet Union, and by Russia. Of special note were:

Soviet Union
 Hero of Socialist Labour (1985)
 Three Orders of Lenin (1967, 1976, 1985)
 Lenin Prize (1964)
 People's Artist of USSR (1959)

Russia
 Order of Merit for the Fatherland

References

Other websites

1925 births
2015 deaths
Russian choreographers
Entertainers from Moscow
Lithuanian Jews
Russian ballerinas
Russian Jews
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
Soviet Jews

Maya Plisetskaya


Carson Huey-You (born July 2002) is a child prodigy who is the youngest person to graduate from college in the state of Texas and among the youngest in the world. He graduated from Texas Christian University on May 13, 2017 with a bachelor's degree in physics and with a minor in Mandarin Chinese and mathematics at the age of 14. Huey-You graduated with his master's degree at age 17 in late 2019, and is currently a TCU graduate student seeking a Doctor of Philosophy focused on quantum physics.

Early life
Huey-You was born in the summer of 2002 to Claretta Kimp and Andre Huey-You, a former pilot. His mother and father divorced when he was very young.

Huey-You showed exceptional intelligence at a very young age. He was reading chapter books at age two and wanting to learn calculus by age three. His mother, Claretta Kimp, said, "I got him a little calculus book and he could work some of the very first questions in the book and then I thought, ok, you're really smart" recalling the time it really hit her that her son was gifted.

His mother, who studied early education and business at Southern Illinois University, homeschooled him until he was five years old. He and his younger brother, Cannan, attended and graduated from the Accommodated Learning Academy in Grapevine, Texas.

Education
He scored a 1770 on the SAT national college entrance test and graduated from high school as co-valedictorian with a 4.0 GPA at age 10.

During his time as an undergraduate student, Carson Huey-You commuted between home and campus with his mother. In late 2019 at age 17, Carson Huey-You graduated with a master's degree in physics.

Media
Carson and Cannan Huey-You were featured in Parade meeting with Bill Nye and discussing the physics related to the Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017. Cannan starred in MythBusters Jr. in 2019, while Carson appeared as an advisor in two episodes.

Personal life
Outside academics, Huey-You enjoys playing the piano, Minecraft, chess, and swimming. Huey-You and his brother both enjoy the Marvel movies and The Lord of the Rings. They also have a dog named Klaus, named after the Nobel Prize winning German physicist Klaus von Klitzing. Huey-You cited The Westing Game as one of his favorite pieces of literature and pot pie as one of his favorite foods.

As of fall of 2018, at the age of 12, his brother, Cannan Huey-You, is a sophomore at Texas Christian University pursuing a degree in astrophysics and engineering; he is working to be an astronaut.

References

2002 births
Living people
American people of Chinese descent
Texas Christian University alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)

Carson Huey-You


The Devil and Daniel Webster is a 1941 supernatural film based on the 1938 play adaptation of Stephen Vincent Benét's 1936 short story "The Devil and Daniel Webster". The play by Benét was in turn based on the libretto created by Benét for an opera adaptation of his short story with composer Douglas Moore, a project he began writing in 1937. Benét and Dan Totheroh adapted the play into the film's screenplay. The film's title was changed to All That Money Can Buy to avoid confusion with another film released by RKO that year, The Devil and Miss Jones, but later had the title restored on some prints. It has also been released under the titles Mr. Scratch, Daniel and the Devil and Here Is a Man. The film stars Edward Arnold, Walter Huston, James Craig, and Simone Simon.

Plot
In 1840 New Hampshire, Jabez Stone, a poor kindhearted farmer, is broke and plagued by bad luck. After a series of mishaps, he impulsively declares that he would sell his soul to the devil for two cents, and moments later, the Devil appears, calling himself Mr. Scratch. He appears to offer Jabez a bargain: if he sells his soul, he will reap seven years of good luck and prosperity. Scratch tempts Jabez by magically revealing a hoard of Hessian gold coins, causing Jabez to sign the contract. He begins his new life with hope, paying off his debts and buying new tools and supplies. While the women are shopping, Jabez meets and becomes friends with the celebrated congressman, lawyer and orator Daniel Webster, a friend of his wife's family and a beloved figure who champions the cause of the poor farmers. Mr. Scratch is also tempting Webster to sell his soul in return for fulfilling his ambition to become president of the United States.

As time passes, Jabez's increasing wealth begins to change him. He ensnares his desperate neighbors with onerous financial contracts, slowly alienating his devoted wife, Mary, and his pious mother. Later, as the townspeople celebrate the harvest in Jabez's barn, Mary gives birth to their first child, whom they name Daniel in honor of Mr. Webster, but minutes later, Jabez discovers the local girl they had hired as a maid has vanished, replaced by the beautiful and sinister Belle, sent by Mr. Scratch. She bewitches Jabez, driving a wedge between Mary and himself. As Daniel grows, he too falls under Belle's influence, and she turns him into a spoiled, disobedient brat.

In a few more years, Jabez is one of the wealthiest men in the country. He has built a lavish mansion and throws a huge ball, but it ends in disaster. After a nightmarish dance between Belle and Miser Stephens (whose ruthless standards of debt repayment were a driving force in Jabez's decision to accept Scratch's offer), Jabez finds Stephens dead on the floor. He, too, had signed a pact with Mr. Scratch, and his time was up. Now desperate and realizing that his own time is almost up, Jabez tries to erase the deadline that Mr. Scratch burned into the tree outside the barn, but Scratch appears and again tempts Jabez, offering to extend his deal in return for the soul of his son. Horrified, Jabez flees and chases after Mary. He begs her forgiveness and pleads with Webster to help him find some way out of his bargain with the Devil. Webster, the most renowned lawyer in the country, agrees to take his case. Mr. Scratch again offers an extension in exchange for Jabez's son, but Jabez declines. He then begs Webster to leave before it is too late, but Webster refuses to go.

When Mr. Scratch appears to claim his due, Webster must wager his own soul before his opponent will agree to a trial by jury. Mr. Scratch chooses the jury members from among the most notorious personalities of American history (including Benedict Arnold and Stede Bonnet), with John Hathorne (one of the magistrates of the Salem witch trials) as the judge. Webster begins by stating that he envies the jury because, as Americans, they were present at the birth of a nation, but they were fooled like Jabez Stone, trapped in their desire to rebel against their fate. Webster explains that it is the eternal right of everyone, including the jury, to raise their fists against their destinies. They took the wrong turn, just as Stone did, but Stone's soul can be saved.

Hathorne asks the jury for its verdict, and in response, the foreman tears up the contract, releasing Jabez from his deal. Webster then kicks out the now-powerless Mr. Scratch, but as he is ejected, the fiend promises that Webster will never become president.

Cast

Production
After the success of The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939), William Dieterle founded his own production company and signed a contract with RKO Radio Pictures, the studio that had produced the film. He decided to adapt Stephen Vincent Benét's short story as the first film that he would make for the studio. Dieterle had appeared in F. W. Murnau's silent film Faust (1926).

The story had been adapted to the stage in 1939 at the Martin Beck Theater to great acclaim, but only ran for six performances because the production proved to be expensive. It was also later adapted as an opera that was performed during World War II by USO troupes.

Benét was invited to write the script for the film adaptation, along with Dan Totheroh, the younger brother of Roland Totheroh, who worked as Charlie Chaplin's top cinematographer from his silent short films to Monsieur Verdoux (1947). There were some differences between the short story and the film. In the original story, Webster regrets Benedict Arnold's absence; in the film, Arnold is present and Webster objects, citing him as a traitor and therefore not a true American, but his objection is dismissed by the judge, and Asa the Black Monk is made up for the film, along with John Smeet, who appears in a deleted scene. The writers also removed Scratch's other predictions involving Webster's last speech and his sons' deaths in the Civil War. Mr. Scratch, Walter Huston's character, is more soft-spoken in the story and the character of Belle, played by Simone Simon, appears in the film but not in the original story.

Thomas Mitchell was the original choice to play Daniel Webster, but he suffered a skull fracture while filming the carriage scene and was replaced by Edward Arnold.

Bernard Herrmann was chosen to compose the film, having composed music for Charles R. Jackson's 1938 radio adaptation that had aired on Columbia Workshop. Herrmann was introduced to the cast and crew by Dieterle, whom he found to be a very sophisticated director. In addition to his original music score, Herrmann also incorporated several traditional folk tunes, including "Devil's Dream", "Springfield Mountain" and a diabolical version of "Pop Goes The Weasel" played on the fiddle by Mr. Scratch. Herrmann collaborated with sound engineer James G. Stewart to ensure that the music and sound worked well together. To create the creepy sound heard when Mr. Scratch first appears in the barn, Herrmann sent a recording crew to San Fernando to record the sound of telephone wires. Hermann's original music score won an Academy Award.

Alternative versions
The original release was 107 minutes long. It was a critical, but not a box-office, success, recording a loss of $53,000 on its initial run. It was later rereleased under the title The Devil and Daniel Webster, reducing the running time to 85 minutes with edits that were crudely done. The film was restored to its full length in the 1990s and has been issued in that form on home video formats, and the title has remained The Devil and Daniel Webster. The restored portions were sourced from inferior prints of the movie, but the quality has since improved. A preview print titled Here Is a Man was found in the estate of the director and served as the basis for the film's restoration and DVD release.

Parodies
The Simpsons featured a comedic spoof of The Devil and Daniel Webster in the 1993 episode "Treehouse of Horror IV". It was called The Devil and Homer Simpson and included a court case including "American betrayers", again including Benedict Arnold but this time with Blackbeard, John Wilkes Booth, Lizzie Borden, John Dilinger, Richard Nixon and the 1976 Philadelphia Flyers. The devil was played by Ned Flanders.

Awards and honors
Bernard Herrmann won the Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic Picture (he was also nominated for Citizen Kane in the same category) and Walter Huston was nominated for Academy Award for Best Actor.

Preservation
The Devil and Daniel Webster was preserved and restored by the UCLA Film and Television Archive. The restoration's funding was provided by the Hobson/Lucas Family Foundation in collaboration with Janus Films, the Museum of Modern Art and the Library of Congress. The restoration premiered at the UCLA Festival of Preservation in 2022 under the title All That Money Can Buy.

See also
 Politics in fiction
 Shortcut to Happiness, a 2003 modernised remake

References

External links

 The Devil and Daniel Webster, an essay by Bruce Eder at the Criterion Collection

1941 films
1940s fantasy films
RKO Pictures films
American black-and-white films
The Devil in film
Films directed by William Dieterle
Films scored by Bernard Herrmann
Films set in 1840
Films set in New Hampshire
Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award
Films based on short fiction
Cultural depictions of Benedict Arnold
Cultural depictions of Blackbeard
Cultural depictions of William Kidd
Cultural depictions of Stede Bonnet
American dark fantasy films
American fantasy films
1940s American films
Film

The Devil and Daniel Webster (film)


Still Small Voices is a 2007 film starring Catherine Bell as a female 911 dispatcher, Michael Summer, who receives ghostly phone calls from a little girl. Michael is compelled to investigate this girl's mysterious disappearance, which she believes is somehow linked to  recent nightmares. Co-starring in the film are Mark Humphrey as Ash Summer and Damir Andrei as Bud Atherton.  The film premiered on Lifetime Movie Network on January 6, 2007.  The screenplay was written by Jolene Rice and it was directed by Mario Azzopardi.

External links

2007 television films
2007 films
Lifetime (TV network) films
Films directed by Mario Philip Azzopardi

Still Small Voices


Ganinyi is a small Aboriginal community 110 km west of Halls Creek in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Halls Creek.

Education
Children of school age at Ganinyi attend the Yiyili Community School. The school caters for students in kindergarten to Year 10 from Yiyili and the surrounding outstations of Ganinyi, Girriyoowa, Goolgaradah, Kurinyjarn, and Rocky Springs. In 2010 there were 72 students enrolled. A daily bus service operated by the school collects students from other nearby communities including Moongardie 30 km distant. The school provides lunch for students. Students who progress beyond Year 10 attend boarding school in Darwin and other larger towns.

Native title
The community is located within the registered area of the Gooniyandi Combined #2 (WAD6008/2000) native title claim.

Governance
The community is managed through its incorporated body, Ganinyi Aboriginal Corporation, incorporated under the Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act 1976 on 23 November 1988.

Town planning
Ganinyi does not have its on Layout Plan, but comes under the Yiyili including Ganinyi, Girriyoowa and Kurinyjarn Layout Plan No.2. This was prepared in accordance with State Planning Policy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements, and was endorsed by the Ganinyi community on 2 December 2010, and by the Western Australian Planning Commission in on 29 September 2011.

The Layout Plan map-set and background report can be viewed at Planning Western Australia's web site.

External links
 Planning Western Australia's official site – Yiyili Layout Plan, https://www.dplh.wa.gov.au/information-and-services/state-planning/aboriginal-communities/aboriginal-community-maps/layout-plans

References

Towns in Western Australia
Aboriginal communities in Kimberley (Western Australia)

Ganinyi


Rorippa barbareifolia, the hoary yellowcress, is a plant species reported from Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, Siberia, Alaska, Yukon and Saskatchewan. It grows in wet habitats (though not completely submerged). It can be found along forest borders, in ditches, on stream banks, etc.

Rorippa barbareifolia can easily be distinguished from other species in the genus by its multi-valved fruits. Rorippa barbareifolia fruits have 3-6 valves, usually 4, while other species generally have 2, rarely 3. The plants are annual herbs with yellow, 4-parted flowers.

References

barbareifolia
Flora of Heilongjiang
Flora of Jilin
Flora of Inner Mongolia
Flora of Mongolia
Flora of Siberia
Flora of Alaska
Flora of Yukon
Flora of Saskatchewan
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Rorippa barbareifolia


Jesse Rosenquist (26 August 1899 in Martin, Tennessee, United States – June 1966 in Los Angeles, California, United States)
was one of the world's first police radio dispatchers.

A sergeant with the Los Angeles Police Department, he achieved unexpected fame due to the early police radio frequencies being tuned in on home radios, which were hundreds or even thousands of miles away.  Furthermore, procedures at the time included an announcement of the dispatcher's name at the end of each broadcast.  His offhanded "ROSE-n-quist!" told listeners who he was.

When the CBS Radio Network started their Calling All Cars series (heard in the western United States from 1933 to 1939), Jesse Rosenquist was the voice that producers sought, to add authenticity to their programs. The only surviving audio examples of his dispatching style are the recordings of those shows, but generations of radio, movie and television "dispatchers" were trying to copy Rosenquist's voice and pronunciation.  Due to his having become a household name in the 1930s and 1940s—before LAPD radio moved to newer equipment and frequencies—a public safety bulletin in the 1940s or 1950s was often referred to as a Rosenquist.

References

External links
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0742670/

1899 births
1966 deaths
Dispatchers
Los Angeles Police Department officers

Jesse Rosenquist


Robert John Lascelles Boyle, 11th Earl of Cork and 11th Earl of Orrery (8 November 1864 – 13 October 1934), known as Hon. Robert Boyle until 1925, was a British peer.

The second son of Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork and Lady Emily de Burgh, he was educated at Charterhouse School. Boyle was commissioned a lieutenant in the 4th (militia) battalion of the Somersetshire Light Infantry on 15 April 1882, and resigned his commission on 12 February 1887. From 1888, he was honorary attaché at Madrid. He married Josephine Catherine Hale (d. 2 April 1953), daughter of a California merchant, on 30 April 1890; they had no children.

During the First World War, he was the honorary secretary of the British Club for Belgian Soldiers, an organization to provide recreation and refreshment for Belgian soldiers on furlough from the front lines. As a result, he was made an officer in the Belgian Order of the Crown. He was also made a knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus for war services.

In 1925, he succeeded his brother Charles as Earl of Cork and Orrery. He died in 1934 and was succeeded by his second cousin William.

References

1864 births
1934 deaths
British Militia officers
Knights of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
People educated at Charterhouse School
British people of Irish descent
11th
11th
8th

Robert Boyle, 11th Earl of Cork


Nautical tourism, also called water tourism, is tourism that combines sailing and boating with vacation and holiday activities. It can be travelling from port to port in a cruise ship, or joining boat-centered events such as regattas or landing a small boat for lunch or other day recreation at specially prepared day boat-landings. It is a form of tourism that is generally more popular in the summertime.

First defined as an industry segment in Europe and South America, it has since caught on in the United States and the Pacific Rim.

About
Many tourists who enjoy sailing combine water travel with other activities. Supplying the equipment and accessories for those activities has spawned businesses for those purposes. With many nautical enthusiasts living on board their vessels even in port, nautical tourists bring demand for a variety of goods and services. Marinas developed especially for nautical tourists have been built in Europe, South America and Australia.

Services
Tourist services available at marinas catering to nautical tourists include:
 Leasing of berths for sailing vessels and nautical tourists who live on board.
 Leasing of sailing vessels for holiday and recreational use (charter, cruising and similar),
 Reception, safe-guarding and maintenance of sailing vessels.
 Provision of stock (water, fuel, supplies, spare parts, equipment and similar).
 Preparation and keeping sailing vessels in order.
 Providing information to nautical enthusiasts (weather forecasts, nautical guides etc.)
 Leasing of water scooters, jet skis, and other water equipment.

By region

Europe

Among the more interesting locations frequented by nautical tourists, Greek islands and the Croatian coast offers services at more than 50 ports, touting it as Mediterranean as it once was. Croatia's Greece's efforts have been so successful they have been offered to the tourism industry as a model for sustainable nautical tourism. During this year's Adriatic Boat Show the official ceremony of opening the construction site of marina for mega-yachts has been held. Marina Mandalina & Yacht Club, situated in Šibenik, in 2011 will be able to accept 79 yachts up to 100 meters in length and provide them a complete service. Italy has gone to great lengths to attract boating tourists to its ports as well.

Netherlands

Water travel used to be the only form of transportation between cities in the Netherlands. Since improvements in the road and rail structure, less and less commercial freight water traffic is using the water. In the latter half of the 20th century the growth of water tourism exceeded the amount of freight traffic, and older cities whose ports were long disused refurbished them for water tourists. Water tourists are a strong lobby for protecting old water routes from being closed or filled. Both refurnished antique canal boats ("salonboten") and modern tour boats ("rondvaartboten") are available for tourist day trips in most Dutch cities. A steady tourist industry has kept both the old canals of Amsterdam and their canal mansions open for water traffic. Their popularity has introduced water traffic safety laws to ensure that the commercial passenger boats have right-of-way over private skiffs and low yachts, while preventing fatal accidents.

To reduce the less desired side-effects of popular watertourist spots, the public awards stimulate sustainable tourist innovations, such as the EDEN award for the electricity-propelled tourist boats in De Weerribben-Wieden National Park.

Czech Republic

River tourism is exceptionally popular among the Czech people, who sail by canoes, rafts or other boats downstream major Bohemian rivers as Vltava, Sázava, Lužnice, Ohře and Otava. The most popular and frequented river section is the Vltava from Vyšší Brod via Rožmberk nad Vltavou and Český Krumlov to Zlatá Koruna, which is annually visited by as many as hundreds of thousands paddlers (in Czech called vodáci, sg. vodák). The lowest section of the Sázava (downstream from Týnec nad Sázavou) is also very frequented, for its fine rapids, scenic landscape, and proximity to Prague. In peak season, "traffic jams" can be regularly seen on the busiest rivers, mainly at weirs. The most popular river sections are plentifully equipped with camps, stands, pubs, and boat rental services. There has even some "paddlers' culture" developed, with peculiar slang, songs, traditions etc., related to the Czech tramping movement.

Pacific
Australia has invested $1.5 billion in facilities designed to attract nautical tourists and promote development of nautical tourism as a segment of the tourist trade. In 2016/17 saw the industry's total national economic contribution in Australia grow by 15.4% and contributed A$5.3 billion to the Australian economy. Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne accounted for 65% of the total passenger onshore visit days.

South America
A growing worldwide industry segment, nautical tourism has become popular in South America. The Brazilian Ministry of Tourism has a website devoted to the subject. Puerto Rico has seen its share of growth in nautical tourism as well. Not to be outdone, the Chilean Economic Development Agency has launched the Chilean Patagonia Nautical Tourism Program to develop and attract nautical tourists to the Chilean coast.

United States

Nautical tourism is big business, even in the United States. In the Southeast, the Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway, a meandering river and canal system that traverses Alabama and Mississippi linking the Tennessee River with the Gulf of Mexico, has become a favorite boating trail for nautical tourists who want a diverse route with a scenic view. Originally conceived as an alternate shipping route for barges destined for the Midwest, the route proved too awkward for large tows. However, boating enthusiasts discovered it as a great way to see Middle-America. Stops along the way include Mobile, Alabama, Demopolis, Alabama, and Amory and Columbus in Mississippi. Travelling north from the Gulf, boaters can follow the Tennessee River its intersection with the Ohio and travel a circuitous route back to the Gulf by way of New Orleans.

Likewise, the Intracoastal Waterway system, which stretches from Texas to New Jersey, has long provided nautical tourists with a well-marked channel and an inside passage that allows boaters to travel from southern Texas up the eastern seaboard without having to venture onto the high seas. Using this route, boaters can stop at Galveston, Texas, any number of towns in southern Louisiana, including New Orleans. Farther west, Apalachicola, Florida provides a glimpse of Florida the way it used to be.

Gallery

References

Further reading

Types of tourism
Boating

Nautical tourism


Jasubhai Motibhai Patel  (26 November 1924 – 12 December 1992) was an off-spinner who played Test cricket for India.

Early days
At the age of ten, Patel broke his arm falling from a tree. Because of this injury he had a jerky bowling action, which some considered suspicious. He bowled off-cutters more than conventional off breaks. He was particularly dangerous on matting wickets where he got prodigious turn.

He began his first-class career in 1943–44, and played occasionally for Gujarat before establishing his place in the 1950–51 season, when he took 5 for 43 and 6 for 61 against Baroda, and 8 for 53 and 5 for 28 against Services. His batting was usually negligible, but in the Ranji Trophy final in 1950–51 against Holkar, he came in at 167 for 8 in the second innings and hit 152 in two hours, adding 136 in 90 minutes for the tenth wicket with Hasan Nakhuda. It was his only century.

He played once for India against the Commonwealth XI in 1953-54, and toured Pakistan the following season, taking 35 wickets at an average of 10.71, including 4 for 22 and 8 for 25 against Pakistan Universities. He made his Test debut in the Fifth Test, taking three wickets. He played another Test against New Zealand in 1955–56, then two against Australia in 1956–57. These four Tests yielded 10 wickets at 31.00.

He was 35 and on the verge of retirement when he enjoyed his one great success against Australia at Kanpur in 1959–60.

Australia came to India on the back of convincing wins over England and Pakistan. For India, the loss in the first Test of the series was their fifth innings defeat of the year. Kanpur had a newly laid pitch. Patel was picked as a gamble, on the insistence of the chairman of selectors, Lala Amarnath.

"Patel's Test"
India was out for 152 before close on the first day. Patel got his first wicket on the second morning when he caught Gavin Stevens left-handed off an attempted big hit. At lunch, Australia were well on top at 128 for 1. Till that point of time, Patel had bowled from the city end, where he had not been able to exploit the footmarks created by the left arm bowlers Alan Davidson and Ian Meckiff. Amarnath presumably had a word with the captain, Ramchand, during lunch. Patel switched to the pavilion end after the break.

Patel's first ball after lunch went between the bat and pad to bowl Colin McDonald. Norman O'Neill who replaced him was all at sea and offered an easy chance to Bapu Nadkarni at midwicket, who missed it. This was to deprive Patel of a chance to take all ten wickets. Neil Harvey completed fifty before he was bowled. Patel pitched one well outside left-handed Harvey's off-stump. Harvey raised the bat and left it but the ball cut back and hit the stumps.

Once Harvey was out, the others followed quickly. Davidson hit out at the end to take the score to 219. O'Neill, bowled by a full-toss from Chandu Borde, was the only wicket that Patel missed. His figures were 9 for 69.

India batted much better in the second innings to set Australia 225 to win in 400 minutes. Patel dismissed Stevens, and Polly Umrigar took the important wicket of Harvey before the close of the fourth day. Umrigar took two more wickets on the final morning to reduce Australia to 61 for 4. Patel took four of the remaining five wickets, Gordon Rorke being unable to bat. Australia was all out for 105 and India won by 119 runs. It was India's first win over Australia.

Patel's 14 for 124 remained the best Test bowling figures by an Indian bowler for nearly thirty years until they were bettered by Narendra Hirwani. Patel's 9 for 69 stood as the best bowling in a Test innings by an Indian bowler till Anil Kumble took 10 for 74 forty years later.

Remaining career
The Kanpur Test stayed as the lone bright spot in Patel's Test career. He played two more Tests in the series for five wickets. They were his last Test matches.

Patel played two more years of first-class cricket and ended up with 140 wickets for Gujarat in the Ranji Trophy. He and Vijay Hazare were the first cricketers to be honoured with the Padma Shri. He died on 12 December 1992, aged 68.

References

Further reading
 Partab Ramchand, Great Feats of Indian Cricket
 Mihir Bose, A History of Indian Cricket

External links

1924 births
Indian cricketers
India Test cricketers
Gujarat cricketers
West Zone cricketers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
1992 deaths
Cricketers from Ahmedabad
Gujarati sportspeople
Gujarati people

Jasu Patel


Soman is the name of a nerve agent, which was developed in Germany, in 1944. NATO use the abbreviation GD for Soman. During the 1930s, and 1940s, three nerve agents were developed. The two others were Tabun (1936) and Sarin (1942). Soman is the most stable of the three. Sunlight does not affect it. In the air, it will slowly decompose. It cannot be dissolved in water. Under standard conditions is a colorless liquid.

Soman is a chemical weapon. Producing, stockpiling or owning it is heavily regulated, and monitored by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

Nerve agents
Organic compounds

Soman


Bishop Emeritus T. S. Kanaka Prasad was the sixth successor of Frank Whittaker and seventh Bishop–in–Medak for the Diocese of Medak of the Church of South India (CSI) during the period 2009–2012.

Ministerial formation
During the bishopric of H. D. L. Abraham, Kanaka Prasad entered the priesthood and studied spirituality in ecclesiastical institutions in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Andhra Pradesh

Ramayapatnam
Kanaka Prasad first underwent a year of propadeutic studies at the STBC-Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological College in Ramayapatnam in Nellore district during the principalship of Louis F. Knoll where he was also taught by the Old Testament scholar, G. Solomon and the Church historian R. Joseph.

Rajahmundry
After a year of study at Ramayapatnam, Kanaka Prasad moved to the Andhra Christian Theological College then located at Rajahmundry where he enrolled for spiritual studies during the principalship of W. D. Coleman and studied under notable faculty including G. Devasahayam, W. P. Peery, G. Solomon, M. Victor Paul, S. Joseph, Victor Premasagar, B. E. Devaraj, Eric J. Lott, Muriel Spurgeon Carder and Waldo Penner.

Telangana
Kanaka Prasad then studied at the Andhra Christian Theological College, which by then had moved to Hyderabad, during the period of the Old Testament scholars, Victor Premasagar, CSI and G. Babu Rao, CBCNC.

Bishopric
When B. P. Sugandhar retired from the bishopric, T. S. Kanaka Prasad contested the vacant bishopric and was elected as the eighth Bishop in Medak and consecrated on 17 August 2009 at the CSI-Medak Cathedral by then Moderator, The Most Reverend John Wilson Gladstone, the principal consecrator and The Right Reverend Christopher Asir, the co-consecrator in the presence of bishops including S. J. Theodore, Bishop - in - Karimnagar, P. J. Lawrence Bishop - in - Nandyal and others as well as clergy from the Diocese of Medak led by A. C. Solomon Raj, who succeeded Kanaka Prasad to the bishopric of Medak.

References

Further reading

Living people
Telugu people
Anglican bishops of Medak
People from Medak
Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni
1950 births
Church of South India clergy
Indian Christians

Samuel Kanaka Prasad


Baron Pontus De la Gardie (c. 1520 – 5 November 1585) was a French nobleman and a general in the service of Denmark and Sweden.

Life and career
He was born Ponce d'Escouperie in Caunes-Minervois (Aude), Languedoc, a son of Jacques Escoperier and X Armengaud. As a youngster, he wanted to become a priest and was educated in a monastery. He changed his mind, however, and left Languedoc to become a mercenary in the service of Denmark. De la Gardie was promoted to officer and was in charge of a regiment of mercenaries. In 1565, during the Northern Seven Years' War, he was captured by Swedish troops at Varberg and changed allegiance to Sweden. De la Gardie quickly became a favourite of John III of Sweden and in 1569, after only four years in the Swedish service, he received nobility status. In 1571, he was created a baron and was given Ekholmen Castle.

Alleged involvement in Mornay plot
He was suspected to have taken part in the Mornay plot to assassinate John III.  The plot was led by Charles de Mornay, who was in contact with Christina of Denmark and the French ambassador in Copenhagen Charles Dancay. John III was to be killed during a sword dance performed by Scottish mercenaries at the party which was to be given in October that year before the Scottish mercenaries departure to the Baltic. After the assassination, the king's brother Duke Charles was to be placed upon the throne. The plot did not materialize as de Mornay lost his nerve and never gave the sign to the mercenaries to take action. In September 1574, the plot was revealed and Charles de Mornay was arrested, interrogated and executed. It was never made clear who participated in the plot. However, it is noted that the suspected conspirators Hogenskild Bielke, Gustaf Banér and Pontus De la Gardie often gathered at meetings in the apartment of Princess Elizabeth of Sweden, meetings where Princess Cecilia of Sweden had also frequently been seen, and the two sisters and their brother Charles were somewhat compromised though they were never accused. Pontus De la Gardie was himself never put on trial for his suspected involvement in the affair.

Service during the Livonian War
After Clas Åkesson Tott's resignation as the supreme commander of the Swedish forces in Finland and Estonia as a consequence of the Siege of Wesenberg during the Livonian War, de la Gardie took over Tott's office. De la Gardie's skills, combined with the fact that Sweden's enemy Russia had to transfer troops to defend against Polish attacks further south, led to considerable military success for Sweden during the following years. In the fall of 1580, Karelia was conquered. De la Gardie led his troops over the frozen Gulf of Finland to capture the fortresses of Wesenberg (now Rakvere) and Tolsburg (now Toolse). In September 1581, Narva was taken after a storming that had been preceded by a massive bombardment. 4,000 soldiers and civilians were killed, pointing out the fact that De la Gardie was not only a skillful warrior, but a cruel and hard commander as well. De la Gardie and his Swedish troops went on to capture the fortress of Ivangorod and several other fortresses that autumn. In 1582, the war with Russia ended and Sweden got to keep the conquests made in Karelia and Ingria, but had to withdraw from Livonia.

De la Gardie was the most renowned military commander in Sweden during the 16th century and has been credited with much of the country's military success in the 1580s. An example of his ingenuity was the strategy of using zigzag shaped saps during the siege of Narva, a new technique at the time.

De la Gardie drowned in the Narva River and is buried in St Mary's Cathedral of Tallinn. His tomb chest is made by well-known artist and architect Arent Passer.

Family
On 4 February 1580, De la Gardie married Sofia Johansdotter Gyllenhielm (ca.1556-1583), the illegitimate daughter of John III of Sweden and a Finnish lady, Karin Hansdotter. During the wedding, a gallery in the church collapsed and one person was killed. Some sceptics claimed it was a bad omen or a divine act with which God condemned the marriage.

Pontus De la Gardie and Sofia Gyllenhielm had three children:
 Brita Pontusdotter De la Gardie  (1581–1645)
 Baron Johan De la Gardie (1582–1642), statesman of the Swedish Empire
 Count and Field Marshal Jacob De la Gardie (1583–1652)

Further reading

References

1520 births
1585 deaths
People from Aude
French untitled nobility
French emigrants to Sweden
De la Gardie, Pontus
Swedish people of French descent
French mercenaries
Burials at St Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn
Deaths by drowning
Accidental deaths in Estonia
16th-century Swedish military personnel
De la Gardie family

es:Pontus De la Gardie#top

Pontus De la Gardie


Ashmont, Alberta is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of St. Paul No. 19. It is located near the intersection of Highway 28 and Highway 36, approximately  northwest of the Town of St. Paul. It has an elevation is .

Ashmont is surrounded by numerous lakes, such as Upper Mann Lake, Batty Lake, Lottie Lake, Floatingstone Lake and Garner Lake. Many provincial recreation areas are established on the shores of these lakes.

A first settler named the community after his native home in Ashmont, Boston. Ashmont began as a farming community in the early part of the 20th century.  At its peak in the 1960s it boasted a grain elevator, four general stores, a pool hall, Legion Hall, two gas stations and a school.  As is typical of many small rural communities it has fallen on hard times.  Only one store remains, kept alive by the local lake communities and a relatively large school (K to 12).

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ashmont had a population of 125 living in 51 of its 59 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 133. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ashmont had a population of 133 living in 47 of its 65 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2011 population of 188. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References

Hamlets in Alberta
Designated places in Alberta
County of St. Paul No. 19

Ashmont, Alberta


Carol Ann Mooney is the 11th president of Saint Mary's College in Notre Dame, Indiana (2004–2016). She is the first lay alumna president of the college.

Life
Mooney grew up in Norwich, New York. She graduated from Saint Mary's College in 1972 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. She went on to earn her J.D. degree from the University of Notre Dame Law School in 1977, where she graduated first in her class and received the Colonel William J. Hoynes award. She practiced law from 1977-78 as an associate attorney in the Washington, D.C., firm of Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue.

Mooney became a faculty member of the University of Notre Dame Law School in 1980. She received the law school's "Teacher of the Year" award in 1983. She later served terms as both assistant and associate dean of the law school. She served as the vice president and associate provost of Notre Dame from 1996-2004. While there, she was a member of several committees, including the Academic Council, the Provost's Advisory Committee, the Academic Affirmative Action Committee, the University Committee on Women Faculty and Students. and the Laetare Medal and Notre Dame Award selection committees. She also chaired the University Committee on Cultural Diversity.

Mooney is the co-author of two books, along with numerous articles in law reviews and other scholarly periodicals. She is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and was elected a member of the American Law Institute in 1988. U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist named her a member of the standing Advisory Committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States on the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, for which she had served as reporter for 12 years.

Carol Ann is known for her collection of colorful eye-glasses. She owns a different pair for almost every outfit she owns.

References

External links
President's Speeches and Remarks

Living people
Notre Dame Law School alumni
Saint Mary's College (Indiana) faculty
Saint Mary's College (Indiana) alumni
People from Norwich, New York
University of Notre Dame faculty
Notre Dame Law School faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)

Carol Ann Mooney


PPSSPP (an acronym for "PlayStation Portable Simulator Suitable for Playing Portably") is a free and open-source PSP emulator for Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, Nintendo WiiU, Nintendo Switch, BlackBerry 10, MeeGo, Pandora, Xbox Series X/S and Symbian with an increased focus on speed and portability. It was first released to the public on November 1, 2012, licensed under the GNU GPLv2 or later. The PPSSPP project was created by Henrik Rydgård, one of the co-founders of the Dolphin emulator.

Features and development
PPSSPP supports save states, dynamic recompilation (JIT) and has rudimentary support of ad hoc wireless networking. To decode PSP multimedia data PPSSPP uses the FFmpeg software library, which was enhanced to enable it to handle Sony's proprietary ATRAC3plus audio format as used by the PSP. PPSSPP offers graphical features that are enhancements over the PSP's capabilities, such as higher screen resolutions, antialiasing, image scaling, support for shaders, and linear and anisotropic filtering.

The ports of PPSSPP for mobile devices offer additional features specific to each platform, such as 'immersive mode' for Android devices, support of the multimedia buttons within Symbian devices and screen stretching on BlackBerry 10 devices to support square screens.  All ports of PPSSPP for mobile devices support the use of accelerometers, keyboards and gamepads as input devices.

PPSSPP also supports the Vulkan API, which was added in v1.5.4 release and is intended to provide a substantial performance boost on supported devices.

Portability
Since its inception, PPSSPP has had a focus on portability with support for multiple architectures and operating systems. While initially only supporting Microsoft Windows and Android, this quickly grew to include Blackberry 10, Symbian, macOS, Linux and later iOS. The source code also unofficially supports a wide variety of operating systems and platforms, including Raspberry Pi, Loongson, Maemo, Universal Windows Platform (Microsoft Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows 10 (X86_32, X86_64, ARM and ARM64)), Meego Harmattan and Pandora. There was at one stage a port for Xbox 360. Although the port was abandoned, the support code remains, offering support for big-endian CPUs and DirectX compatible GPUs.

To aid with the portability, two cross-platform development libraries—SDL and Qt—are able to be used in addition to the non-portable Blackberry, Android, and Win32 interfaces.
The Qt frontend was instrumental in adding support for platforms such as Symbian. The Qt frontend is able to support all officially supported platforms and is the suggested alternative if no native interface exists.

As of March 2017, 984 games are playable in PPSSPP, while 67 games load to some frame of in-game state. 4 games can only reach the main menu or introduction sequence.
As of July 2020, almost all games are playable in PPSSPP emulator.

See also
 List of PlayStation emulators

References

External links

Android emulation software
Cross-platform software
Free and open-source Android software
Free video game console emulators
Free software programmed in C++
Free software projects
Free software that uses SDL
Linux emulation software
MacOS emulation software
PlayStation Portable emulators
Portable software
Windows emulation software

PPSSPP


(died 1180), also known as Ōba Saburō Kagechika, was a samurai of Japan's Heian period. The third son of Oba Kageyoshi, he fought alongside his father, against the Minamoto Clan, in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156.

Facing off against Minamoto no Tametomo during the Hōgen Rebellion, Kagechika is credited with challenging Tametomo, crying
Lord Hachiman! During the Three Years War, in the attack upon the stockade at Kanazawa, Kamakura Gongorō Kagemasa, then only sixteen years of age, went to the front of the battle, and when his left eye was pierced by an arrow through his visor he loosed a shaft in return and took his assailant. I am the youngest descendant of that Gongorō, Oba Heita Kageyoshi's son, Oba Saburō Kagechika. Come on and fight!

Many years later, during the Genpei War, he led Taira clan forces to a victory against Minamoto no Yoritomo at Ishibashiyama in September 1180.  However, two months later, Oba submitted to Yoritomo and was decapitated.

References
Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

See also
The Tale of the Heike
Sasaki Yoshikiyo

Samurai
1180 deaths
Year of birth unknown

Ōba Kagechika


Senakhaskhel is a title of nobility in the Maratha empire. This title was instated by Rajaram I, the Maratha emperor, at the end of the 17th century. It is placed after the Senapati title and is considered to a more important one. Senakhaskhel means upasenapati (sub-commander) and translates to 'a leader of the sovereign tribe' in English. A Senakhaskhel has permission to keep an army. The Chhatrapati provided a Senakhaskhel with the salary of an army, called the 'fauz saranjam' (army accouterments). In a time of war, a Senakhaskhel was obliged to come with his army by order of the Chhatrapati.

References
 Marathyanchya Itihasachi Sadhane – V.K.Rajwade.

Maratha Empire
Honorifics
Feudalism in Asia

Senakhaskhel


Gene Osborn (August 10, 1922 – November 27, 1975) was a radio and television sportscaster in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, known primarily as a play-by-play for several major league baseball teams.
He also had a substantial career in radio and television sports in Albuquerque, New Mexico, which he considered his adopted hometown.

Osborn, the son of Elizabeth (née Collins) and James Osborn, was born and raised in Davenport, Iowa, where he played baseball and other sports.  He attended St. Ambrose University, then known as St. Ambrose College. Osborn was considered a top draft prospect for the St. Louis Cardinals. But his playing days were cut short when he suffered a knee injury. Osborn began his broadcast career in 1942 at station WQUA in Moline, Illinois.

In 1953, Osborn arrived in Albuquerque, where he soon became the sports director of radio station KABQ (AM). He did play-by-play broadcast for the Albuquerque Dukes of the West Texas–New Mexico League (and later the Western League). He was also the broadcaster for University of New Mexico football and basketball. In 1954, Osborn was elected president of the Albuquerque Pressbox Association. Also in the mid-fifties, Osborn became sports director at Albuquerque television station KOAT-TV, channel 7, an ABC affiliate. Later, the Dukes broadcasts were switched to KGGM, 610 AM, and Osborn went there.

From 1959 to 1964, Osborn broadcast The Game of the Day on the Mutual Broadcasting System and also did University of Michigan and Michigan State University sports broadcasts.

In 1965, Osborn was hired as a radio announcer for the Detroit Tigers, working with legendary announcer Ernie Harwell. Osborn was fired after the 1966 season and replaced by Ray Lane. Osborn then returned to Albuquerque, where Doubleday Broadcasting, the then-new owners of radio station KDEF 1150 AM, hired him as sports director. Once again, Gene Osborn would be the voice of UNM Lobo sports. He also resumed duties as sports director at KOAT television.

Osborn then worked with Bob Prince and Nellie King on the KDKA broadcasts of the Pittsburgh Pirates during the 1970 season. He became KOAT sports director in Albuquerque again in 1971. He left the Duke City in 1972 to work with Harry Caray, broadcasting the games of the Chicago White Sox over WMAQ. Throughout all of these moves, Osborn's family maintained its home in Albuquerque. Osborn and his wife were active in Albuquerque community affairs.  For example, Gene Osborn was the chairman of the New Mexico campaign for cystic fibrosis research in 1971.

In 1974, Osborn became the sports director of TV station KMBA in Kansas City, Missouri, where he covered the NHL Kansas City Scouts as well as handling telecasts of the Kansas City Royals in 1975. During his career, Osborn also did broadcasts of the Detroit Red Wings NHL team.

Osborn died of kidney failure on November 27, 1975, at age 53 in Kansas City.

References

1922 births
1975 deaths
American sports announcers
St. Ambrose Fighting Bees baseball players
Chicago White Sox announcers
Detroit Tigers announcers
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
New Mexico Lobos football announcers
Pittsburgh Pirates announcers
People from Davenport, Iowa
College football announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
Deaths from kidney failure

Gene Osborn


Ogbuefi Ojiako Ezenne  (1857–1944) was a member of the Igbo tribe who was appointed by the Colonial government to serve as Warrant Chief (1914–1921) and then Paramount Chief (1921–1944), of Adazi-Nnukwu, now part of Anambra State in Nigeria. As the new protectorate government, did not in all cases impose a new royal family on native populations, but recognised the ancient ruling families based on Ofo seniority across villages, Ojiako Ezenne as the holder of the Ofo Ozo Okpalaekili, the oldest Ozo title in Adazi-Nnukwu, became the first African to serve as President of the Agulu Customary Court in 1914, having already served as clan chief between 1907 and 1914 of Amolu Clan, the senior clan in Adazi-Nnukwu. Ojiako Ezenne was a contemporary of Warrant Chiefs such as Muoyekwu Onyiuke of Nimo, Amobi of Ogidi and Nnama Orjiakor of Nibo. Identified by the Colonial Distinct Office, as serving with an excellent record, Ojiako Ezenne on February 1, 1915, chaired the meeting of forty-five Warrant Chiefs in South-East Nigeria that enacted laws terminating the practice of slavery in South-East Nigeria, thus pitting him in direct confrontation with the Aro slave dealers.

Ojiako Ezenne had more than 37 wives and was survived by 86 children. Among his children were Okamigbo Ojiako who served as Nigeria's first Ambassador to Germany in addition to serving as the second Igwe of Adazi-Nnukwu. Another son, Obudume Ojiako , served as the third Igwe (Adama) of Adazi-Nnukwu. A sister, Mbafo Ezenne, was married to the late Amanyanabo Owokori VII of Abonnema. He was also a brother-in-law to the Aro politician Igwegbe Odum.

References

Igbo families
19th-century Nigerian people
20th-century Nigerian people
People from colonial Nigeria
Igbo royalty
People from Anambra State

Ojiako Ezenne


Shell Chemicals is the petrochemicals arm of Shell plc. The name "Shell Chemicals" refers to the nearly seventy companies engaged in chemicals businesses for Shell, which together make up  one of the largest petrochemical producers in the world. The company has a wide range of products that include acetone, aromatics, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols, alkenes, nonene, phenol, polyethylene, polyols, and solvents.

History
Shell companies first entered the chemicals industry in 1929, via a partnership with Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken in the Netherlands called NV Mekog, which manufactured ammonia from coke-oven gas produced at the steelworks in IJmuiden. Meanwhile, in the United States, the Shell Chemical Company (founded 1929) began the world's first production of ammonia from natural gas in California in 1931. It also started production of chemical solvents from refinery gases in California during the early 1930s, while in 1942, it pioneered the production of butadiene, a key raw material for synthetic rubbers. In 1941, production of Teepol liquid detergent began at Stanlow in the UK, the first manufacture of a petroleum-based organic chemical in Europe. Through out the years as Shell Chemicals business grows inline with the Oil and Gas segment, many plants were set up globally. The Teepol brand is now manufactured in different counterparts globally. Among them are Teepol Products UK based at Orpington in Greater London and Teepol Malaysia based at Klang in Malaysia. From there it is sold worldwide. In the decades that have followed, Shell Chemicals companies have been significant players in the growth of the global petrochemicals sector and have developed some of its key manufacturing processes.

Portfolio of businesses
The Shell Chemicals portfolio is focused on six product businesses and two international joint ventures. It includes the operation a number of large-scale plants that produce high volume products. The companies included in Shell Chemicals employ around 8,500 people worldwide.

Key manufacturing locations
Shell Chemicals companies source product from manufacturing facilities around the world. Some of these facilities are operated by Shell Chemicals companies, some by other businesses within the Shell Group and others by joint ventures in which Shell holds varying levels of investment.
Currently, Shell Chemicals companies' main manufacturing locations for petrochemical building blocks are:

 Moerdijk/Pernis, The Netherlands
 Stanlow, UK
 Deer Park, USA
 Geismar, USA
 Mobile, USA
 Norco, USA
 Scotford, Canada
 Jurong Island/Pulau Bukom, Singapore
 Klang, Malaysia

Notes

References

External links

Chemical companies of the Netherlands
Shell plc subsidiaries
Petrochemical companies

Shell Chemicals


The blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus) is a species of requiem shark, in the genus Carcharhinus. Found along the eastern coast of the Americas, this species is found mainly in coastal waters over beds of seagrass, sandy flats, and shell or coral rubble. The Blacknose shark is quite a small species of shark, with adults reaching a maximum length of 4.6 feet (1.4 metres). This shark gets its name from the black spot on the tip of its snout.

Description

Blacknose sharks are quite small and slender with a long rounded snout and large eyes. This shark gets it's name from the black spot under the tip of the snout. The Blacknose shark has two dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin is located over the free margins of the pectoral fins, and the second dorsal fin is over or slightly infront of the anal fin. The margin of the anal fin is deeply notched. This species does not have an interdorsal ridge (ridge between dorsal fins), and the caudal peduncle doesn't have a keel.
The Blacknose shark is grey to greenish grey with black tips on the second dorsal fin and dorsal caudal lobe. The black spot under the tip of the snout makes this shark easy to differ from other shark species which are found in the same region.
The upper jaw of the Blacknose shark has 12-13 rows of teeth on each side with 11-12 rows on the lower jaw. Teeth on the upper jaw are quite narrow and triangular with slanting cusps along with rough serrations along the bases than the tips. The lower jaw also has cusped serrated teeth with broad bases. There is one symphysial tooth in the upper jaw and one or two in the lower jaw.
The average length of a full-grown Blacknose shark is around 4.1 feet (1.2 metres), reaching a maximum size of 4.6 feet (1.4 metres). This shark usually weighs about 22 pounds (10 kg) at maturity. The Blacknose shark is quite a fast growing species, with both males and females reaching maturity at the lengths of about 1 metre.

Habitat
The Blacknose shark is found in the continental and insular shelves off the eastern coast of the Americas, as far north as North Carolina and as far south as southern Brazil, including the Bahamas, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. They around found mainly in coastal waters over beds of seagrass, sandy flats, and shell or coral rubble. This species is found in different areas depending on the size and gender. Usually, only young sharks are encountered in shallow water, as the adults like depths greater than 9 metres (30 feet) and is most common at 18–64 metres (59–210 feet).
Blacknose sharks found off the Atlantic coast of the southern United States migrate northward in the summer and southward in the winter; a similar migration occurs for the Blacknose sharks in the Gulf of Mexico.

Reproduction
Blacknose sharks are viviparous, and mate in late May and early June and have a 10-11 month gestation period. Currently, Blacknose sharks seem to have two different reproductive cycles in the Northwestern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Studies have shown that female Blacknose sharks in the Gulf of Mexico reproduce every year, while females in the Atlantic reproduce once every two years.
One litter of Blacknose sharks can contain 3-6 pups, but the usual number is 4. At birth, the young measure 43–51 cm in length. Both genders mature at about 2 years of age. Bulls Bay, South Carolina, United States is one known nursery area for this species.

Feeding
The Blacknose shark is a quick swimmer, feeding on small fish including pinfish, croakers, porgies, anchovies, spiny boxfish, and porcupine fish. It is also known to feed on octopus.

Human interaction
Blacknose sharks are of small commercial fishery importance, however it is fished as a gamefish, for the decent fight it gives when caught on light tackle. When it is harvested, this shark is often dried before being marketed for human consumption. This shark poses little threat to humans and has never been reported in a shark attack case. However, when confronted by divers, the Blacknose shark has been reported to give a threat display in the form of a hunched back with head raised and caudal lowered.

References

Sharks

Blacknose shark


The EastAfrican is a weekly newspaper published in Kenya by the Nation Media Group, which also publishes Kenya's national Daily Nation. The EastAfrican is circulated in Kenya and the other countries of the African Great Lakes region, including Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. It contains stories and in-depth analysis from each country in the region, in addition to international stories.

External links
 The EastAfrican

Newspapers published in Kenya
Nation Media Group
Publications with year of establishment missing

The EastAfrican


Mikaele Pesamino (born 2 April 1984) is a rugby union player in the Samoa Sevens team. He was the highest point scorer in the 2009–2010 IRB Sevens World Series helping his country in securing their first World Series crown and was awarded the 2010 IRB World Rugby Sevens Player of the Year.

Early sporting career
Pesamino was born in Vailele on the island of Upolu in Samoa. Pesamino was first discovered for his speed, when he represented Leifiifi College in the annual Champ of Chapms athletic competition. But ever since, he focused on his rugby career. His career began in both rugby union and Australian rules football. While still a teenager, he was a member of the Samoan national Australian rules football team during the 2002 Australian Football International Cup (where he was named in the All-International team), and then the 2005 Australian Football International Cup.

Samoa sevens

Pesamino was the third highest try scorer in the 2007–2008 Sevens Series and the top try scorer in the 2009–2010 Series winning season. Pesamino scored a try in the final of the 2007 Wellington Sevens to help give Samoa its first-ever tournament win with a 17–14 victory over Fiji in the final.

The Samoa national rugby sevens team plays in the IRB Sevens World Series, which takes place annually in several countries.

Fifteens career
Pesamino played provincial rugby for Auckland in the Air New Zealand Cup.

Pesamino signed for Sale Sharks in summer 2010 for the 2010/2011 season. However, Pesamino had issues with his work visa, and Pesamino's transfer was further delayed by Pesamino's involvement with Samoa in the 2010 Commonwealth Games and then Samoa's November tour of Europe.

References

World Rugby Awards winners
Male rugby sevens players
Samoan rugby union players
People from Tuamasaga
1984 births
Living people
Samoa international rugby union players
Samoan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in New Zealand
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Samoan expatriate sportspeople in England
Sale Sharks players
Samoa international rugby sevens players
Rugby union wings
Samoan players of Australian rules football

Mikaele Pesamino


James Johnston Grieve (14 July 1810 - 20 August 1891) was a Scottish Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1878.

Grieve was the son of Robert Grieve of Kielator, Killin, Perthshire and his wife Margaret Johnston, daughter of James Johnston of Alton, Motfatt. He was educated at the Burgh School, Moffat and at Curlavaroch Academy, Dumfrieshire. He was a senior partner in the mercantile firm of Baine & Johnston, of Greenock. He was a J.P.  for Renfrewshire and was four times Provost of Greenock.

At the 1868 general election Grieve was elected Member of Parliament for Greenock. He held the seat until 1878.

Grieve died at the age of 81.

Grieve married firstly in 1833, Mary Jane Richardson, daughter of Andrew Richardson of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and secondly Annie Hill, daughter of Col. Charles J. Hill, of the Halifax Militia, Nova Scotia.

References

External links

1810 births
1891 deaths
UK MPs 1868–1874
Scottish Liberal Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

James Grieve (Liberal politician)


Bierhübeli-oder auch Sahli genannt is the name of a concert hall in the center of Berne, Switzerland. Many famous artists from all around the world have played there including Sugarhill Gang, Adam Green, Sportfreunde Stiller, Wir sind Helden, Joy Denalane and Bad Religion.

History
From 1729 there has been a restaurant there called Bierhübeli.  In 1847 the Bierhübeli restaurant burned down. After that, they decided to build a hall as well as rebuilding the restaurant. It was finished in 1912. The hall was named after the restaurant.

Many styles of music are played there, ranging from rock and metal to rap and hip-hop.

The stage, the walls and the floor are made of wood. There is also a bar in the hall. In the hall, the audience feels very close to the artist. The sound in the hall is very rich, because of the shape and the way the building was made.

Buildings and structures in Switzerland
Concert halls
Bern
1912 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Switzerland

Bierhübeli


Foveon, Inc., is an American company that manufactures and distributes image sensor technology. It makes the Foveon X3 sensor, which captures images in some digital cameras.

Foveon was founded in 1997 and is based in Santa Clara, California. In 2008 it was bought by Sigma Corporation.

Details
The company, founded in 1997 by Carver Mead, Richard Lyon, Richard B. Merrill, Richard Turner, Richard Nedwich, and others, was a spin-off of National Semiconductor and Synaptics. The founding directors were: Federico Faggin (president and CEO of Synaptics), Brian Halla (chairman, president/CEO of National Semiconductor), and Dick Sanquini (VP of National Semiconductor).

It is based in Santa Clara, California. Foveon was initially known for their high-end digital portrait camera systems built around a color-separation beam-splitter prism assembly. Later, the X3 pixel sensor became the company's main product. Both the prism system and the X3 technology derive their benefit from sampling all three primary colors at all pixel locations, instead of employing a Bayer pattern approach sampling a specific color at each pixel location.

Foveon was previously known as Foveonics. The name is derived from the fovea of the human eye, which enables sharp imaging while reading or watching television.

George Gilder wrote The Silicon Eye, which tells the story of Foveon and its founders.

On 11 November 2008, when Federico Faggin was the CEO, all shares of Foveon stock were acquired by Sigma Corporation.  The company continued in a new location as a wholly owned portion of Sigma.

References

External links

Italian Foveon Community

Companies based in Santa Clara, California
Technology companies established in 1997
Photography companies of the United States
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
1997 establishments in California

Foveon


Howard Ferguson Jr. (August 5, 1930 – December 18, 2005) was a professional American football player.  He played as a fullback and halfback for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Green Bay Packers and one season in the American Football League (AFL) with the Los Angeles Chargers.

Biography
Ferguson grew up in Louisiana, where he competed in football, basketball, baseball, and boxing at New Iberia High School. He enlisted in the Navy on Jan. 8, 1948 and served during the Korean War as a member of the frogman underwater demolition team.  During the off-season he worked as an oil field worker in New Iberia.  Although he never played college football, Ferguson was discovered while playing football for the Navy in California by a scout for the NFL's Los Angeles Rams.  (He had played football with the Navy League Amphibian Division and was an MVP, earning second-team All-Navy honors two years in a row.) After playing four years of service football, the Navy discharged Ferguson on Jan. 7, 1952, he signed with the Los Angeles Rams on June 11 and was waived on Sept. 19. The Rams signed him but he was released prior to the 1952 season and then was signed by the Green Bay Packers as a free agent in 1953.  The 6'2", 210-pound Ferguson gained 2,120 yards rushing and 1,079 yards receiving with the Packers between 1953 and 1958.

In 1955 Ferguson had over 1,000 yards combined rushing and receiving for the Packers, earning him a spot on the Pro Bowl roster as a fullback alongside Heisman Trophy winner and NFL Rookie of the Year Alan Ameche of the Baltimore Colts.  Ferguson retired in 1959 after multiple injuries, but had a brief comeback in 1960 during the inaugural season of the Los Angeles Chargers of the American Football League (AFL).  In 1974 Howard Ferguson was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame

For more information, go to the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame history website:
https://www.packers.com/history/hof/howie-ferguson

See also
 List of American Football League players

References

1930 births
2005 deaths
American football fullbacks
American football halfbacks
Green Bay Packers players
Los Angeles Chargers players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Sportspeople from New Iberia, Louisiana
Players of American football from Louisiana
Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame

https://www.packers.com/history/hof/howie-ferguson

Howie Ferguson


Birds of Avalon is a rock band from Raleigh, North Carolina whose sound fuses elements of psychedelic and progressive rock. The band consists of Cheetie Kumar (guitar), David Mueller (bass), Scott Nurkin (drums), Paul Siler (guitar), Jason Alyward (drums) and Missy Thangs (keys).

The band was formed after guitarists Paul Siler and Cheetie Kumar split from The Cherry Valence to join forces with vocalist, Craig Tilley, and bassist, David Mueller. They soon enlisted Chapel Hill drummer/artist Scott Nurkin and quickly made a name for themselves after their '07 Volcom debut Bazaar Bazaar, '08′s follow-up EP Outer Upper Inner.  Relentless touring in support of these releases with the likes of The Racontuers, The Flaming Lips, Black Mountain, The Fucking Champs, Mudhoney, Monotonix, and Ted Leo, made BIRDS OF AVALON road vets—a band's band with one of the best live rock shows going.

The band then retreated to their home and began an extensive period of writing and recording, using their rehearsal space at Kumar and Siler's house as a makeshift studio.  Recordings done at the home resulted in  band's second full-length album, Uncanny Valley, released in summer 2009 on Volcom Entertainment.  The album was quickly recorded on an old 3M 16-track tape machine borrowed from Mitch Easter who, with Cheetie Kumar, mixed the record at Fidelitorium. The name Uncanny Valley comes from a theory which was introduced by Japanese roboticist, Masahiro Mori, in 1970 to describe the phenomena by which human beings become more unsettled by robots or other human facsimiles in direct proportion to how lifelike they appear.

Uncanny Valley was their final album for Volcom.  It was recorded after actually completing another complete album just a couple of months previously.  The band decided against releasing that one on Volcom feeling that the more spontaneous Uncanny Valley was a better match for the label.

Much of 2010 was a transitional time for the group. Paul and Cheetie, along with co-owners Steve Popson (Polvo) and Ben Barwick (Ashley Stove), re-opened live venue Kings Barcade. Siler also kept busy booking Raleigh's inaugural and highly successful Hopscotch Music Festival. All this on the heels of the amicable departure of vocalist Craig Tilley afforded the band an opportunity to re-evaluate and evolve their sound with a focus on group harmonies and a freer approach to writing and performing.

In January 2011, the band released their third full length on Bladen County Records. The self-titled album, another analog-only collaboration with Mitch Easter (REM, Wilco, Pavement), draws on the pop-aesthetic of Bazaar Bazaar but blazes new progressive trails while anticipating the psychedelic experimentation of Uncanny Valley. Gigantic Music released the vinyl of the S/T LP in the Summer of 2011.

In 2015 Birds Of Avalon joined forces with Missy Thangs (The Love Language) and Jason Alyward (Valient Thorr) to include synth and a second drummer. The expanded sextet lineup released Disappearance (5-song EP) and Goin Under (7" single) in 2015, and Operator's Midnight (LP) in 2017, all on Third Uncle Records (Honey Radar, Queen of Jeans).

Discography
Bazaar Bazaar, LP (2007)
Outer Upper Inner, EP (2008)
Uncanny Valley, LP (2009)
Birds of Avalon, LP (2011)
Disappearance, EP (2015)
Goin Under, 7" Single (2015)
Live at Nice Price, Vol. 4, Cassette Release (2016)
Operator's Midnight, LP (2017)

References

External links
 birdsofavalon.com
 Birds of Avalon at MySpace
 Gigantic Music
 Bladen County Records
 April 2008 Interview with L.A. Record
Third Uncle Records

Rock music groups from North Carolina
Musical groups from Raleigh, North Carolina

Birds of Avalon


Ahmadullah Shah (1787 – 5 June 1858) famous as the Maulvi of Faizabad, was a famous freedom fighter and leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was known as the lighthouse of the rebellion in the Awadh region. British officers like George Bruce Malleson and Thomas Seaton made mentions about the courage, valour, personal and organizational capabilities of Ahmadullah. G. B. Malleson mentions Ahmadullah repeatedly in the History of Indian Mutiny, a book written in 6 volumes covering Indian revolt of 1857. Thomas Seaton describes Ahmadullah Shah as:

Being a practicing Muslim, he was also an epitome of religious unity and Ganga-Jamuna culture of Faizabad. In the rebellion of 1857, royals like Nana Sahib and Khan Bahadur Khan fought alongside Ahmadullah.

The British could never catch the Maulvi alive. The price of 50,000 pieces of silver was announced to capture him. Finally the king of Powayan, Raja Jagannath Singh killed Maulvi, beheaded him and presented his head to the British for which Raja Jagannath was paid the announced prize. Next day, the head of Maulvi was hanged at Kotwali.

Family
The family of Ahmadullah was original inhabitant of Gopamau village in Hardoi district. His father Ghulam Hussain Khan was a military general in Sultan Hyder Ali's Mysore Army. His forefathers were big exponents of weaponry. G. B. Malleson describes the personality of the Maulvi as follows:

The Moulvi was a remarkable person. His name was Ahmad-ullah and his native place was Faizabad in Oudh. In person, he was tall, lean and muscular, with large deep eyes, beetle brows, a high aquiline nose, and lantern jaws.

The Maulvi was a Sunni Muslim and belonged to an affluent family. He had a good command over English. After getting his traditional Islamic education, the Maulvi was trained in welfare as well. He travelled to England, Russia, Iran, Iraq, Mecca and Medina, and also performed Hajj.

Before 1857 Revolt
Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah believed that for the success of an armed rebellion, the co-operation of the people was very important. He travelled to Delhi, Meerut, Patna, Calcutta and several other places and sowed the seed of independence. Maulvi and Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi also declared jihad against the Britons. He also authored a pamphlet called Fateh Islam, a planned manner for the need of jihad against the Britisher, even before the eruption of the revolt in 1857.

According to G. B. Malleson, "It is beyond doubt that behind the conspiracy of the 1857 revolt, the Moulavi's brain and efforts were significant. Distribution of bread during the campaigns, Chapati Movement, was actually his brainchild."

Arrest at Patna
According to G. B. Malleson, when the Maulvi was in Patna, suddenly with no previous notice or intimation, an officer arrived at Patna from Punjab. He is referred as Lt. Thursbern in a book by Rashmi Kumari on Ahmadullah Shah. With a warrant in his pocket, he walked into Sadikpur, a quarter in Patna. He entered the house of Ahmadullah Shah, and with the help of the police arrested him. The Maulvi was awarded capital punishment on the charges of revolt and conspiracy against the British rule. The punishment was later reduced to life imprisonment.

After the eruption of the revolt on 10 May 1857, rebel sepoys from Azamgarh, Banaras and Jaunpur arrived in Patna on 7 June. They attacked the bungalows of the English officers who were already on the run. Once the city was captured by the rebels, they captured the government treasury. They proceeded towards the jail and got the Maulvi and the other prisoners freed. After declaring Mansingh as the Raja of Patna, Maulvi Ahmadullah proceeded to Awadh.

Indian Rebellion of 1857 and 1858
The rebel army of Awadh was led by Barkat Ahmad and Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah. In the Battle of Chinhat, Barkat Ahmad was declared the Chief Army Officer of the rebels. The British army was led by Henry Montgomery Lawrence who eventually died at the Residency building. This fierce battle was won by the rebel army.

Ahmadullah Shah also led an attack on Beligarad. The writer Kaisar-ut-tawarikh states that it was a huge victory for the rebels.

Maulavi fought with great courage and chivalry in real sense, and for that he succeeded in pushing the British to Beligarad. And then a big house of "Machchhi Bhavan" was also blown up.

After Lucknow was captured by the rebels, Birjis Qadr, the ten-year-old son of Wajid Ali Shah and Begum Hazrat Mahal was declared the king. The Maulvi resisted being part of a new administration. He left the palace politics and established his camp with Ghamandi Singh and 1000 soldiers of Subedar Umrao Singh at Badshah Bagh across the Gomti River.

On 6 March 1858, British forces attacked Lucknow again under the leadership of Sir Colin Campbell, a reputed British army official. The rebel army was led by Begum Hazrat Mahal. With the Capture of Lucknow by the British, the rebels escaped on 15 and 16 March through a road leading to Faizabad. The last rebels, 1,200 men under Ahmadullah Shah were driven from a fortified house in the centre of the city on 21 March. The city was declared cleared on this date.

After the fall of Lucknow, the Maulvi shifted his base to Shahjahanpur in Rohilkhand. In Shahjahanpur the forces of Nana Sahib and Khan Bahadur Khan joined the Maulvi in attacking the Britishers.

Colin Campbell departed from Shahjahanpur on 2 May towards Bareilly. The Maulvi, with the King of Mohammadi and several thousand soldiers attacked Shahjahanpur. The British Army was informed and General Brigadier John reached Shahjahanpur on 11 May. Jones could not muster the courage to attack the Maulvi and kept waiting for reinforcements from Bareilly. George Bruce Malleson writes that:

Maulavi was the only one who could have dared to defeat Sir Colin Campbell twice.

The fierce battle took place on 15 May 1858 between a platoon of the rebels and the regiment of General Brigadier Jones. Both sides had to bear heavy losses but the rebels still managed to capture Shahjahanpur. Colin reached Shahjahanpur on 20 May, and attacked it from all sides. This battle continued all night long. Maulavi and Nana Sahib left Shahjahanpur. It is said that Colin himself followed Maulvi but couldn't capture him. After the fall of Shahjahanpur, the Maulvi left for Powayan which was 18 miles to the north of Shahjahanpur.

Death
The British could never catch the Maulvi alive. They announced 50,000 pieces of silver as a prize to capture the Maulvi. Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah wanted to induce the king of Powayan, Raja Jagannath Singh to revolt against Britishers, but the latter did not give into the Maulvi's wishes. When the Maulvi reached gates of his palace on his war elephant, the king attacked him by firing a cannon shot. This killed the Maulvi who came down falling from his elephant. G. B. Malleson describes his death as:

The brother of Raja Jagannath Singh the king of Powayan, Kunwar Baldeo Singh is known to have killed Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah, beheaded him and presented it to the magistrate. He was paid the announced prize and gained the favour of the British. The head of the Maulvi was hanged at Kotwali the next day. Another revolutionary of 1857, Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi witnessed the death of the Maulvi.

Legacy

The to-be-constructed mosque in Ayodhya as per the verdict of the Supreme Court of India in the Babri Masjid demolition case, will be named after Ahmadullah Shah.

See also

Indian independence movement
Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
Barkat Ahmad
Bakht Khan
Begum Hazrat Mahal
Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
Nana Sahib
Siege of Lucknow
Battle of Chinhat
Capture of Lucknow
Indian Rebellion of 1857

References

Further reading

1787 births
1858 deaths
Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Indian Sufi religious leaders
Sunni Sufis
Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh
People from Faizabad
Indian independence activists
People executed by decapitation
Indian people of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Works about the Indian Rebellion of 1857
People from Chennai
Madras Presidency

Ahmadullah Shah