David ben Meir Cohen Friesenhausen (1756–1828) was a German-Hungarian astronomer, maskil, mathematician, and rabbi. Friesenhausen was one of the first proponents of Torah im Derech Eretz, a philosophy of Orthodox Judaism that formalizes a relationship between traditionally observant Judaism and the modern world. He proposed a dual curriculum of Jewish and secular studies for all rabbinic candidates, a radically innovative idea at that time. Friesenhausen wrote Mosedot Tebel and Kelil Heshbon. In the former, Friesenhausen writes in support of the Copernican heliocentrism, one of the first Jews to do so.

Early life
In 1756, David Friesenhausen was born in Friesenhausen, a small community in southern Germany,  northeast of Frankfurt.  In 1783, Friesenhausen married, but was divorced four years later. For the first 30 years of his life, Friesenhausen dedicated himself exclusively Torah study. His teachers included Joseph Steinhardt at Fürth and Moses Sofer of Pressburg. The latter attested that Friesenhausen was one of the outstanding students in his yeshiva.  In 1786, Friesenhausen began immersing himself in various secular subjects, including math, astronomy, and philosophy.

Berlin
In 1788, Friesenhausen moved to Berlin where he lived for the next eight years and was supported by Benjamin Halberstat. Berlin at that time was the center of the haskala movement (Jewish Enlightenment). Despite his involvement in secular subjects, Friesenhausen continued to study Torah intensively.  In 1796, Friesenhausen published his first book, Kelil Heshbon a Hebrew language manual on algebra and trigonometry. Thereafter, Friesenhausen left Berlin to travel throughout Europe for the dual purpose of selling  his newly published book and to attain advance subscriptions for planned book, Mosodot Tevel.

Huncovce
Around 1800, Friesenhausen moved to Huncovce (then Hungary, now Slovakia) in the Carpathian Mountains. He was appointed dayyan (judge) and also worked as a merchant. According to Meir Gilon in R. David Friesenhausen: Between the Poles of Haskalah and Hasidut, Friesenhausen moved from Berlin to its polar opposite Huncovce because he grew disenchanted with the haskala movement in Berlin who in general rejected the divine authorship of the Torah and belief in God.  Friesenhausen married again in Huncovce.

In 1806, having become unhappy with the isolation of Huncovce, Friesenhausen moved to Pest. In Pest, Friesenhausen began to advocate for government oversighted rabbinical seminaries  in Hungary, Galicia, and the Czech lands. Under Friesenhausen's proposal only graduates of these seminaries would be appointed to the rabbinate. The seminaries would mandate a curriculum of primarily Talmud, but also of Bible, humanities, and sciences, and gym.  Friesenhausen was the first to make such a proposal and submitted  his plan to the Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary. On 26 July 1806 Friesenhausen met with Archduke Joseph, who promised to bring the matter to his brother Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. The Hungarian rabbinate were unhappy with Friesenhausen's unilateral activities. They accused of him being a dangerous reformer and of undermining their position.  Friesenhausen was unable to attain a rabbinic position in Pest so he moved back to Huncovce.

In 1813, after some deliberation, the government declined the proposal. The stated reasons were that: (1) The Jews did not have enough funds for the schools especially since the tolerance tax was increased; (2) the policy of the government was to assimilate the Jews; and (3) Jews were able to attend Christian schools.

Sátoraljaújhely
Friesenhausen had difficulties making a reasonable income in Huncovce. In 1808, Friesenhausen moved to Sátoraljaújhely (Ujhely), Hungary, where he served as dayyan in the rabbinic court of Moses Teitelbaum. Friesenhausen was unhappy in Sátoraljaújhely, mainly due to his dislike of Moses Teitelbaum.

Friesenhausen wrote  Mosedot Tebel, a treatise on astronomy, in which he explains the Copernican heliocentrism.  Mosedot Tebel also contains a proof for the eleventh axiom of Euclid, and a 74-page ethical Will & Testament to his children.  In 1816, Friesenhausen left Sátoraljaújhely in order to secure financing for the publication of his book, eventually getting it published in Vienna in 1820.

Later life
After publishing Mosedot Tebel, Friesenhausen retired and spent his remaining years in Alba Iulia with his son Meir, a physician. David died on 23 March 1828.

Further reading

 Levi Cooper, 'The last will and testament of Rabbi David Friesenhausen,' Jewish Educational Leadership 8,3 (2010), 55-62.

References

1756 births
1828 deaths
19th-century German astronomers
18th-century German mathematicians
19th-century German mathematicians
18th-century German writers
18th-century German male writers
19th-century German non-fiction writers
18th-century Hungarian male writers
18th-century Hungarian writers
19th-century Hungarian male writers
19th-century Hungarian mathematicians
Copernican Revolution
18th-century German astronomers
German Orthodox rabbis
19th-century Hungarian astronomers
Hungarian non-fiction writers
Hungarian Orthodox rabbis
Writers from Berlin
19th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers
People of the Haskalah
18th-century Hungarian astronomers

David Friesenhausen


Wardell Stephen Curry II (born 14 Mairch 1988) is an American perfaissional basketball player fur th' Golden State Warriors o' th' NBA. Mony players 'n' analysts hae cried him th' greatest shooter in NBA history. In 2014–15, Curry won th' NBA maist valuable player award 'n' led th' warriors tae thair foremaist championship sin 1975. Th' follaein seezin, he became th' foremaist player in NBA history tae be picked MVP by a unanimous vote 'n' tae leid th' division in scoring while shooting 'boon 50–40–90. That identical year, th' Warriors broke th' record fur th' maist wins in an NBA seezin. Curry helped th' warriors return tae th' NBA Feenals fur a third straecht year in 2017, whaur he won his seicont NBA championship. In 2018, Curry helped th' Warriors return tar th' feenals in their feenals ball win against th' Cavaliers.

1988 births
Livin fowk
21st-century Christians
African-American basketbaw players
African-American Christians
All-American college men's basketbaw players
Basketbaw players frae North Carolina
Basketbaw players frae Ohio
Charlotte Christian School alumni
Davidson Wildcats men's basketbaw players
Golden State Warriors draucht picks
Golden State Warriors players
Pynt gairds
Sportsfowk frae Akron, Ohio
Sportsfowk frae Charlotte, North Carolina
Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players
Fowk frae Alamo, Californie

Stephen Curry


Graham John Thomson Forbes, CBE is a priest of the Scottish Episcopal Church. He was Provost of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh from 1990 until June 2017.

He was born on 10 June 1951 and educated at  George Heriot's School, Edinburgh and the University of Aberdeen. and the University of Edinburgh. Ordained in 1976, he was a Curate at Old Saint Paul's, Edinburgh after which he was appointed Provost of St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth in 1982.

Current appointments
Forbes is currently Chair of the Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland, Chair of OSCR (Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator) and Chair of Court, Edinburgh Napier University. He also serves on the Armed Forces Pay Review Body and the Security Vetting Appeals Panel. In addition he is the Honorary Consul of Portugal in Edinburgh.

Previous appointments
Forbes' previous appointments include HM (lay) Inspector of Constabulary; the General Medical Council; the Scottish Consumer Council; the Parole Board of Scotland; the Scottish Board of the Royal College of Anaesthetists; the Scottish Community Education Council and the Edinburgh Board of Manpower Services Commission. He is an Honorary Doctor of Napier University. He chaired the Scottish Executive's Expert Group on MMR. In January 2002, he became chairman of the board of the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC), having been a board member since its inception in 1999. He ceased to be a member on 31 December 2008, having served the maximum period permitted by statute.

He was appointed a CBE in 2003 for public service in Scotland.

References

Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
1951 births
People educated at George Heriot's School
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Provosts of St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth
Provosts of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)
Scottish Episcopalian clergy

Graham Forbes


The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense for hearing. The sense organ for hearing is the ear.

Structure of the ear

Outer ear
The outer ear is the folds of cartilage surrounding the ear canal. They are called the pinna.

Middle ear
Sound waves travelling through the ear canal will hit the tympanum, or eardrum.  Three tiny bones, the ossicles, convert the waves to high pressure vibrations.  They are then converted to nerve impulses in the cochlea.

Inner ear
The inner ear is made mostly of the cochlea.  The cochlea is made up of three pieces, and is filled with liquid. It transforms sound waves to electric signals in neurons. The semicircular canals of the inner ear are used in equilibrioception, the sense of balance.

Other websites
 Promenade 'round the cochlea
 Washington University Neuroscience Tutorial - Auditory system

Hearing

Auditory system


The discography of the Serbian punk rock–post-punk band Pekinška Patka comprises two studio albums, three singles, and one compilation album.

The band had their first recordings released on the double A-side single "Biti ružan, pametan i mlad" / "Bela šljiva" ("To Be Ugly, Smart and Young" / "White Plum") in 1979, by Jugoton. The single is the first Serbian punk rock release. The band's debut album, Plitka poezija (Shallow Poetry), released in 1980, is the first Serbian punk rock album. The album was ushered by the single "Bolje da nosim kratku kosu" ("I Better Be Wearing Short Hair"), and after the single release, the band's default lineup changed, which influenced the further musical development of the band. The new lineup firstly released the single "Bila je tako lijepa" ("She Was So Beautiful"), and then moved towards post-punk, with the release of the band's second and final album Strah od monotonije (Fear Of Monotony). After the album release, the band split up. All of the band's recordings, released on albums and singles, appeared on the Pekinška patka compilation album in 2006.

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

References
 EX YU ROCK enciklopedija 1960-2006, Janjatović Petar;
 Pekinška Patka at Discogs

Discographies of Serbian artists
Punk rock group discographies

Pekinška Patka discography


Loretta Weinberg (born February 6, 1935) is an American Democratic Party politician, who served as a member of the New Jersey Senate from 2005-2022, where she represented the 37th Legislative District. She also served as Senate Majority Leader. Weinberg served in the General Assembly before being selected to replace retiring Senator Byron Baer.

Weinberg was the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey in the 2009 election, having been selected by Governor Jon Corzine as his running mate on July 24. Corzine and Weinberg were defeated by the Republican ticket of Chris Christie and Kim Guadagno on November 3, 2009.

Biography
Weinberg serves on the Senate Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens Committee (as Vice-Chair) and on the State Government Committee (also as Vice-Chair).  She is a former member of the Senate Commerce Committee and the Senate Judiciary Committee.

Weinberg was chosen by Democratic committee members in March 1992 to fill the seat vacated in the Assembly by D. Bennett Mazur, who had resigned due to illness. She served in the General Assembly, the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature, until 2005. In the Assembly, Weinberg served as the Majority Conference Leader from 2002 to 2005, Deputy Minority Leader from 1996 to 2001 and Assistant Minority Leader from 1994 to 1995. Weinberg served as the Chairwoman of the Health and Human Services Committee and Vice Chairwoman of the Family, Women, and Children's Services Committee. Additionally, she also served on the New Jersey Historical Commission, Legislative Services Commission and the New Jersey Israel Commission. Some of her past Committee assignments include the Community Services Committee, the Veteran Affairs Committee and, most recently, the Consumer and Regulated Professions Committee.

From 1975 to 1985, she was the Assistant Administrator of Bergen County. She was elected to the Teaneck Township Council in 1990, completing her council term in 1994. Besides her service in the Legislature, Weinberg has also been active in community organizations including the American Red Cross, Shelter Our Sisters, the Bergen Family Center, AARP Teaneck Chapter, New Jersey Network of Women Elected Officials, National Organization of Women Legislators and the National Council of Jewish Women.

Weinberg has been recognized as "Legislator Worker of the Year" by the National Association of Social Workers - New Jersey Chapter, The "Friend of New Jersey's Children Award" by the American Academy of Pediatrics - New Jersey Chapter and the "Legislator of the Year Award" by the New Jersey Center for Outreach and Services for the Autism Community (COSAC). She has been selected by Marquis Who's Who for inclusion in the "Who's Who of American Women List".

Weinberg was born in New York City and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a B.A. in History. She has completed all course work for a Master of Public Administration from Fairleigh Dickinson University.

On January 13, 2020, Weinberg announced her retirement from politics in January 2022 when her current term expires.

After her term ended on January 7, 2022 she joined a board of directors role at Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey.

Run for State Senate
Weinberg ran for the New Jersey Senate after fellow District 37 legislator Byron Baer resigned from the Senate on September 8, 2005. From the outset of his term, the resignation of the often-ailing Baer had been the subject of much speculation and maneuvering. In a January 7, 2004 article for PoliticsNJ.com, political reporter Steve Kornacki wrote, "Depending on whom you listen to, the 74-year-old Baer will step down sometime between the next few months and January 2008, when his term expires."

Kornacki identified a number of "potential successors" to Baer, including Hackensack Police Chief and former Assemblyman Charles "Ken" Zisa, who had briefly mounted a challenge to Baer's 2003 re-nomination before withdrawing it in what some have said was a deal brokered by Bergen County Democratic Organization Chairman Joe Ferriero; Bergen County Freeholder Valerie Huttle; Englewood Mayor Michael Wildes; and Weinberg. "But," wrote Kornacki, "whether Weinberg, who backed Zisa in his brief bid to topple Baer last year, does want it [the Senate seat] is an open question."

Sixteen months later, that question appeared to have been answered. In a May 3, 2005 PoliticsNJ.com article, Kornacki reported, "Weinberg essentially admitted to striking a deal with Ferriero. She said the chairman agreed to back her for [Assembly] majority leader, while she pledged to support a candidate of his choosing to replace state Senator Byron Barer when the 75-year-old steps down...some say she also had pledged support to Valerie Vainieri Huttle, a freeholder, for the Senate spot."

Following Baer's resignation, Ferriero backed Zisa to fill the vacancy, as expected. Huttle prepared to challenge Zisa for the nomination. Weinberg then let it be known she was interested, and on September 11, 2005, United States Senator Jon Corzine, the Democratic candidate for Governor of New Jersey, endorsed Weinberg for Baer's seat. Huttle bowed out of the race and endorsed Weinberg.

The Bergen County Democratic Organization caucused on September 15, 2005, to select a candidate. In balloting to replace Baer on an interim basis, Weinberg lost by a 114-110 margin to Zisa. In a separate vote, by a 112-111 margin, Zisa was selected over Weinberg to be the party's candidate on the November ballot. Though she congratulated Zisa in remarks made after results were announced at the September 15 caucus, Weinberg stated that inclusion of several uncounted ballots might change the results in her favor.

Weinberg filed a legal challenge to the caucus results to have the unopened ballots included, which she believed were cast for her. On September 20, 2005, New Jersey Superior Court Judge Peter Doyne refused to interfere in what he held was a party matter and upheld the decision of the election mediator, Rep. Steve Rothman, to exclude the five ballots. On September 23, 2005, an Appellate Court panel sent the case back to Judge Doyne, ruling that he did have the authority to address a party issue and that the five uncounted ballots cast by Tenafly Democratic Committee members could be counted irrespective of the failure to file their names within the specified 30-day window. Zisa announced on September 26, 2005, that he would appeal the Appellate panel's decision to the New Jersey Supreme Court. Judge Doyne's hearing on September 28 to readdress the issues was underway when the Supreme Court issued a ruling upholding the Appellate Court's decision and affirming that the 30-day rule for submission of new County Committee members could not be enforced. Judge Doyne decided on October 3, 2005, in Weinberg's favor, ruling that ballots from the "Tenafly Five" should be counted.

On October 5, 2005, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that it would not hear an appeal from Ken Zisa and the Bergen County Democratic Organization. The "Tenafly Five" ballots were opened by Judge Peter Doyne, and each ballot was cast for Loretta Weinberg, thus giving her the slim margin of victory. Weinberg defeated Zisa by one vote in balloting to fill Baer's vacated seat on an interim basis, 115–114, and won the contest for the Democratic ballot spot in November, by a total of 116–112.

With Weinberg's victory, Bergen County Freeholder Valerie Huttle and Englewood Mayor Michael Wildes both announced their candidacy for Weinberg's Assembly seat. The choice was decided by yet another special convention of the Bergen County Democratic Committee on October 6, 2005, with Huttle outpolling Wildes 121–96. On Election Day, November 8, 2005, Huttle won the Assembly seat.

2007 primary challenge
In 2007, Ferriero endorsed a ticket of Englewood Mayor Michael Wildes, and Cid Wilson and Ken Zisa for Assembly, to face off in a primary challenge against incumbents Weinberg, and her Assembly running mates Valerie Huttle and Gordon M. Johnson. In a deal brokered by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine, Ferriero backed off the challenge and announced that he and the county party organization would endorse the three incumbents in the primary.

Fort Lee lane closure scandal
Weinberg played a major role in revealing the Fort Lee lane closure scandal. After reading about traffic jams in The Record, Weinberg began attending public meetings of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Weinberg convinced fellow state legislator John Wisniewski to take an interest in the case. Wisniewski would subpoena Port Authority officials, which eventually led to the lane closures becoming a major controversy.

District 37
Each of the forty districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. The other representatives from the 37th district for the 2018-2019 Legislative Session are:
Assemblywoman Valerie Huttle
Assemblyman Gordon M. Johnson

Legislation
Weinberg was a lead advocate of the 2002 New Jersey Childproof Handgun Law, which would restrict the sale of handguns in NJ to smart guns that "can only be fired by an authorized or recognized user" three years after the technology became generally available.

Bernard Madoff investment loss
Weinberg lost $1.3 million in a retirement fund that had been invested through a Beverly Hills, California financial planner with Bernard Madoff, without her knowledge. Other family members had also invested money with the same advisor. In an interview with The New York Times Weinberg stated that she did not expect to recoup her loss but she was "determined not to make this the centerpiece of my life", stating that she would "have to budget myself very carefully over the next several years".

2009 lieutenant governor campaign

Weinberg was selected as the Democratic candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey in the 2009 election by Governor Jon Corzine on July 24. She was attempting to become the state's first Lieutenant Governor.

In August during the campaign, following Republican gubernatorial candidate Chris Christie's acknowledgment that he had loaned $46,000 to First Assistant U.S. Attorney for New Jersey Michele Brown two years prior, while serving as her superior as the state's U.S. attorney, and that he had failed to report the loan on either his income tax returns or his mandatory financial disclosure report to the New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission, Weinberg called on Brown to recuse herself from the task of retrieving U.S. Attorney's Office records requested by the Corzine campaign under the Freedom of Information Act.

Weinberg engaged in a debate between herself and the other two major candidates for lieutenant governor, Kim Guadagno and Frank Esposito, at Monmouth University on October 8. Corzine and Weinberg were defeated by Chris Christie on November 3, 2009.

Election history

References

External links
Senator Weinberg's legislative web page, New Jersey Legislature
New Jersey Legislature financial disclosure forms
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004

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1935 births
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Fairleigh Dickinson University alumni
Jewish American state legislators in New Jersey
Living people
Majority leaders of the New Jersey Senate
Democratic Party members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Democratic Party New Jersey state senators
People associated with the Madoff investment scandal
Politicians from Teaneck, New Jersey
Politicians from Bergen County, New Jersey
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
Women state legislators in New Jersey
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians

Loretta Weinberg


The Kovak Box is a 2006 psychological thriller film directed by Daniel Monzón and starring Timothy Hutton, Lucía Jiménez, Annette Badland and David Kelly. The film concerns an American horror/science fiction novelist who finds the plot of one of his stories unfold around him after a conference in Spain.

Synopsis
On the island city of Palma de Mallorca, David Norton (Hutton) promotes his latest book, The Kovak Box before a small private gathering of European fans. While nothing unusual happens, one of the audience members has a distinctive Russian Mafia arm tattoo, and the hotel concierges are subtly condescending towards Norton, despite the writer's mannered patronage and celebrity status.

Later in the evening, Norton's fiancee, Jane, receives an anonymous phone call and jumps off their hotel balcony. After Jane dies from her injuries in the hospital, Norton discovers a nearby patient, Silvia Mendez (Jiménez), did the same thing on the same night: While taking a shower, Silvia answered a call consisting only of the 1933 song Gloomy Sunday by composer Rezső Seress. After jumping from her window, she only remembers waking up nude under a crushed bar canopy. Silvia is a young nightclub debutante with no enemies or connections to the American couple. While Silvia recuperates in her apartment, a mysterious man attempts to stab her in the back of the neck but flees after their struggle. After the attack, Silvia reunites with Norton, who is also being pursued by unknown assailants.

Norton finds that the events coincide with the plot of his latest book, which is based on a real individual: Frank Kovak (Kelly), a Hungarian doctor who was disgraced and driven to exile after his experiments were passed off as psychological warfare. Kovak used neural implants and paid a network of criminals to reproduce the experiment—in which everyone takes their life (or suffers a brutal death) while the Gloomy Sunday song plays—on Norton. Ailing from a terminal brain tumor, Kovak has nothing to lose except Norton winning his deadly game.

Cast
 Timothy Hutton as David Norton
 Lucía Jiménez as Silvia Mendez
 David Kelly as Frank Kovak
 Georgia Mackenzie as Jane Graham (as Georgia MacKenzie)
 Gary Piquer as Jaume
 Annette Badland as Kathy
 Isabel Abarraga as Judy
 Jorge Aguado de Gabriel as Man with Umbilical Cord
 Ralph Angrick as Lift Passenger
 Ana Asensio as CNW Announcer
 Nina Bagusat as  Hostess
 Keith Bartlett  as Admirer
 Julio Bastida as Telecinco Announcer
 Jorge Bosch as Forensic
 Nicholas Boulton as Consulate Employee

References

External links

2006 films
British psychological thriller films
Films about suicide
Films about writers
Films about organized crime
2006 psychological thriller films
Films shot in Mallorca
Films set in Mallorca
Films shot in Madrid
English-language Spanish films
Spanish thriller films
2000s mystery thriller films
Films scored by Roque Baños
Films with screenplays by Jorge Guerricaechevarría
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
2000s Spanish films
Spanish psychological thriller films

The Kovak Box


O'Hare, located on the far northwest side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of the city's 77 official community areas. O'Hare International Airport is located within the boundaries of this community area. This community area is the only one that extends outside Cook County; the western edge (an area comprising the southwest part of the airport) is in DuPage County.

Community areas of Chicago

O'Hare, Chicago


Queer art, also known as LGBT+ art or queer aesthetics, broadly refers to modern and contemporary visual art practices that draw on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and various non-heterosexual, non-cisgender imagery and issues. While by definition there can be no singular "queer art", contemporary artists who identify their practices as queer often call upon "utopian and dystopian alternatives to the ordinary, adopt outlaw stances, embrace criminality and opacity, and forge unprecedented kinships and relationships." Queer art is also occasionally very much about sex and the embracing of unauthorised desires.

Queer art is highly site-specific, with queer art practices emerging very differently depending on context, the visibility of which possibly ranging from being advocated for, to conversely being met with backlash, censorship, or criminalisation. With sex and gender operating differently in various national, religious, and ethnic contexts, queer art necessarily holds varied meanings.

While historically, the term 'queer' is a homophobic slur from the 1980s AIDS crisis in the United States, it has been since re-appropriated and embraced by queer activists and integrated into many English-speaking contexts, academic or otherwise. International art practices by LGBT+ individuals are thus often placed under the umbrella term of 'queer art' within English-speaking contexts, even though they emerge outside the historical developments of the gender and identity politics of the United States in the 1980s.

'Queer art' has also been used to retroactively refer to the historic work of LGBT+ artists who practiced at a time before present-day terminology of 'lesbian', 'gay', 'bisexual' and 'trans' were recognised, as seen deployed in the 2017 exhibition by Tate, Queer British Art 1861–1967. The term "queer" is situated in the politics of non-normative, gay, lesbian and bisexual communities, though it is not equivalent to such categories, and remains a fluid identity.

Adhering to no particular style or medium, queer art practices may span performance art, video art, installation, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, film, glass, and mixed media, among many others.

Beginnings

Early queer-coded art
In A Queer Little History of Art, art historian Alex Pilcher notes that across the history of art, biographical information about queer artists are often omitted, downplayed or else interpreted under the assumption of a heterosexual identity. For instance, "[t]he same-sex partner becomes the 'close friend.' The artistic comrade is made out as the heterosexual love interest", with "gay artists diagnosed as 'celibate,' 'asexual,' or 'sexually confused.'"

During the interwar period, greater acceptance towards queer individuals could be seen in artistic urban centers such as Paris and Berlin. In 1920s New York, speakeasies in Harlem and Greenwich Village welcomed gay and lesbian clients, and cafés and bars across Europe and Latin America, for instance, became host to artistic groups which allowed gay men to be integrated into the development of mainstream culture. During this period, artists still developed visual codes to signify queerness covertly. Art historian Jonathan David Katz writes of Agnes Martin's abstract paintings as "a form of queer self-realization" which produces the tense, unreconciled equilibrium of her paintings such as in Night Sea (1963), speaking to her identity as a closeted lesbian.

Katz has further interpreted the use of iconography in Robert Rauschenberg's combine paintings, such as a picture of Judy Garland in Bantam (1954) and references to the Ganymede myth in Canyon (1959), as allusions to the artist's identity as a gay man. Noting Rauschenberg's relationship with Jasper Johns, art historian Andrew Graham-Dixon interprets Johns' monochrome encaustic White Flag (1955) in relation to the artist's experiences as a gay man in a repressive American society. Graham-Dixon notes that "if [Johns] admitted he was gay he could go to jail. With White Flag he was saying America 'was the land where [...] your voice cannot be heard. This is the America we live in; we live under a blanket. We have a cold war here. This is my America.'"

In 1962, the US had begun to decriminalise sodomy, and by 1967 the new Sexual Offences Act in the United Kingdom meant that consensual sex between men was no longer illegal. However, many queer individuals still faced pressure to remain closeted, worsened by the Hollywood Production Code which censored and banned depictions of "sex perversion" from films produced and distributed in the US up until 1968.

The director Rosa von Praunheim has made more than 100 films on queer topics since the late 1960s, some of which have been evaluated internationally. Some films are considered milestones in queer cinema. Von Praunheim is internationally recognized as an icon of queer cinema.

Stonewall riots (1969)

A key turning point in attitudes towards the LGBT community would be marked by the Stonewall riots. At the early morning hours of June 28, 1969 in New York City, patrons of the gay tavern Stonewall Inn, other Greenwich Village lesbian and gay bars, and neighbourhood street people fought back when the police became violent during a police raid. This became a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the LGBT+ community, and the riots are widely considered to constitute one of the most important events leading to the gay liberation movement.

The first Pride Parade was held a year after the riots, with marches now held annually across the world. Queer activist art, through posters, signs, and placards, served as a significant manifestation of queer art from this time. For example, photographer Donna Gottschalk would be photographed by photojournalist Diana Davies at the first pride parade in 1970 in New York City, with Gottschalk defiantly holding a sign that read "I am your worst fear I am your best fantasy."

Formulation of 'queer' identity

AIDS epidemic (1980s to early 1990s)
In 1980s, the HIV/AIDS outbreak ravaged both the gay and arts communities. In the context of the US, journalist Randy Shilts would argue in his book, And the Band Played On, that the Ronald Reagan administration put off handling the crisis due to homophobia, with the gay community being correspondingly distrustful of early reports and public health measures, resulting in the infection of hundreds of thousands more. In a survey conducted on doctors from mid to late 1980s, a large number indicated that they did not have an ethical obligation to treat or care for patients with HIV/AIDS. Right-wing journalists and tabloid newspapers in the US and UK stoked anxieties about the transmission of HIV by stigmatizing gay men. Activist groups were a significant source of advocacy for legislation and policy change, with, for instance, the formation of ACT-UP, the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power in 1987.

Many artists at the time thus acted in their capacity as activists, demanding to be heard by the government and medical institutions alike. The Silence=Death Project, a six-person collective, drew from influences such as feminist art activism group, Guerrilla Girls, to produce the iconic Silence = Death poster, which was wheatpasted across the city and used by ACT-UP as a central image in their activist campaign. Collective Gran Fury, which was established in 1988 by several members of ACT-UP, served as the organization's unofficial agitprop creator, producing guerrilla public art that drew upon the visual iconography of commercial advertisements, as seen in Kissing Doesn't Kill: Greed and Indifference Do (1989). Lesbian feminist art activist collective fierce pussy would also be founded in 1991, committed to art action in association with ACT-UP.

Keith Haring notably deployed his practice to generate activism and advocate for awareness about AIDS in the final years of his life, as seen with the poster Ignorance = Fear (1989), or the acrylic on canvas painting Silence = Death (1989), both of which invoke the iconic poster and motto.

Beyond the framework of activist art, photographer Nan Goldin would document this period of New York City in her seminal work, The Ballad of Sexual Dependency, which encompassed a 1985 slide show exhibition and a 1986 artist's book publication of photographs taken between 1979 and 1986, capturing post-Stonewall gay subculture of the time. In 1989, British artist and filmmaker Isaac Julien would release his film work Looking for Langston, which celebrated black gay identity and desire through a nonlinear narrative that drew from 1920s Harlem Renaissance in New York as well as then-current contexts of the 1980s, with Robert Mapplethorpe's controversial photographs of black gay men shown in the film, for example.

Félix González-Torres would create works into the early 1990s that responded to the AIDS crisis that continued to ravage the gay community. González-Torres' Untitled (1991) featured six black-and-white photographs of the artist's empty double bed, enlarged and posted as billboards throughout Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens in the winter of 1991. A highly personal point-of-view made public, it underscored the absence of a queer body, with the work on display after a time when González-Torres' lover, Ross Laycock, had died from AIDS-related complications in January 1991.

Re-appropriation of 'queer' and identity politics
Throughout the 1980s, the homophobic term of abuse, 'queer', began being widely used, appearing from sensationalised media reports to countercultural magazines, at bars and in zines, and showing up at alternative galleries and the occasional museum. The concept was thus integrated into the academy, and re-appropriated as a form of pride by queer activists.

From the spring of 1989, a coalition of Christian groups and conservative elected officials waged a media war on government funding of "obscene" art, objecting that money from a National Endowment for the Arts grant went to queer artists such as Robert Mapplethorpe and Karen Finley, stoking a culture war. Mapplethorpe's 1988 retrospective, The Perfect Moment, which exhibited the photographer's portraits, interracial figure studies, and flower arrangements, would be a catalyst for the debate. Known for his black-and-white celebrity portraits, self-portraits, portraits of people involved in BDSM, and homoerotic portraits of black nude men, the explicit sexual imagery of Mapplethorpe's work sparked a debate on what taxpayer's money should fund. US law would prevent federal money from being used to "promote, encourage or condone homosexual activities," which also led to AIDS programs being defunded. From 1987, the central government in the UK would ban local councils from using public funds to "promote homosexuality".

American conceptual artist Glenn Ligon provided an artistic response that critiqued both the conservative ideology that stoked the culture wars and Mapplethorpe's problematic imagery of queer black men. Responding to Mapplethorpe's The Black Book (1988), a photographic series of homoerotic nude black men that failed to consider the subjects within broader histories of racialised violence and sexuality, Ligon created the work Notes on the Margin of the Black Book (1991-1993). Shown at the 1993 Whitney Biennial, Ligon framed every page of Mapplethorpe's book in its original order, installing them in two rows on a wall, between them inserting around seventy framed texts relating to race from diverse sources, such as historians, philosophers, religious evangelists, activists, and curators. By suggesting Mapplethorpe's work to be a projection of fears and desires upon the black male body, Ligon demonstrates the entanglement of sex, race, and desire, part of his larger practice of investigating the construction of black identity through words and images.

Identity politics would thus further develop in response to right-wing, conservative and religious groups' attempts to suppress queer voices in public. Within the framework of identity politics, identity functions "as a tool to frame political claims, promote political ideologies, or stimulate and orient social and political action, usually in a larger context of inequality or injustice and with the aim of asserting group distinctiveness and belonging and gaining power and recognition." Activist group the Gay Liberation Front would propose queer identity as a revolutionary form of social and sexual life that could disrupt traditional notions of sex and gender. More recently, however, critics have questioned the effectiveness of an identity politics consistently operates as a self-defined, oppositional "other".

Running parallel with queer art are the discourses of feminism, which had paved the way for sex-positive queer culture and attempts to dismantle oppressive patriarchal norms. For instance, the work of Catherine Opie operates strongly within a feminist framework, further informed by her identity as a lesbian woman, though she has stated that queerness does not entirely define her practice or ideas. Opie's photography series, Being and Having (1991), involved capturing her friends in close-up frontal portraits, with assertive gazes against yellow backgrounds. These subjects were chosen from Opie's group of friends, all of whom did not abide neatly by traditional gender categories. Details such as adhesive visibly used to attach fake facial hair on female bodied people foregrounded the performative nature of gender.

During the 1990s in Beijing, Chinese artist Ma Liuming would be involved with the Beijing East Village art community, founded in 1993. In 1994, he would stage the performance art piece Fen-Ma + Liuming's Lunch (1994). The performance featured the artist assuming the persona of a transgender woman named Fen-Ma Liuming, who would prepare and serve steamed fish for the audience while completely nude, eventually sitting down and attaching a large laundry tube to her penis, sucking and breathing on the other end of the tube. Ma would be arrested for such performances, and in 1995, police forced the artists to move out of Beijing's East Village, with Ma beginning to work outside China.

The 21st century
Since the 2000s, queer practices continue to develop and be documented internationally, with a sustained emphasis on intersectionality, where one's social and political identities such as gender, race, class, sexuality, ability, among others, might come together to create unique modes of discrimination and privilege.

Notable examples include New York and Berlin-based artist, filmmaker, and performer Wu Tsang, who re-imagines racialised, gendered representations, with her practice concerned with hidden histories, marginalised narratives, and the act of performing itself. Her video work, WILDNESS (2012) constructs a portrait of a Latino Los Angeles LGBT bar, the Silver Platter, integrating elements of fiction and documentary to portray Tsang's complex relationship with the bar. It further explores the impact of gentrification and a changing city on the bar's patrons, who are predominantly working class, Hispanic, and immigrant.

Canadian performance artist Cassils is known for their 2012 body of work, Becoming An Image, which involves a performance where they direct a series of blows, kicks, and attacks to a 2000-pound clay block in total darkness, while the act is illuminated only by the flashes from a photographer. The final photographs depict Cassils in an almost primal state, sweating, grimacing, and flying through the air as they pummel clay blocks, placing an emphasis on the physicality of their gender non-conforming and transmasculine body. Another example includes New York-based artist, writer, performer, and DJ Juliana Huxtable, part of the queer arts collective, House of Ladosha, the artist exhibited her photographs with her poetry at the New Museum Triennial, with works such as Untitled in the Rage (Nibiru Cataclysm) from her Universal Crop Tops for All the Self Canonized Saints of Becoming series. In it, Huxtable inhabits a futuristic world wherein she is able to reimagine herself apart from the trauma of her childhood, where she was assigned the male gender while being raised in a conservative Baptist home in Texas.

Furthermore, while queer artists such as Zanele Muholi and Kehinde Wiley have had mid-career survey exhibitions at major museums, an artist's identity, gender and race are more commonly discussed than sexuality. Wiley's sexuality, for instance, was not highlighted in his Brooklyn Museum retrospective.

Spectrosynthesis – Asian LGBTQ Issues and Art Now
In 2017, a travelling show on Asian LGBTQ art, Spectrosynthesis – Asian LGBTQ Issues and Art Now, debuted at the Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei, Taiwan. Coming shortly after the Taiwanese High Court's decision towards legalising same-sex marriage in May 2017, this would be one of the earliest art exhibitions to specifically focus on LGBTQ issues in a government-run institution in Asia. The show exhibited 22 artists from Taiwan, China, Hong Kong and Singapore with a total of 51 artworks. It would feature art-historical works by Shiy De-jinn, Martin Wong, Tseng Kwong Chi, and Ku Fu-sheng alongside a collection of newer works mostly created after 2010 by artists such as Samson Young, Wu Tsang, and Ming Wong.

The second iteration of the show, Spectrosynthesis II – Exposing Tolerance: LGBTQ Art in Southeast Asia, was held at the Bangkok Art and Culture Centre, Thailand in 2019. It would feature over 50 artists such as Dinh Q. Lê, Danh Võ, and Ren Hang, with new commissions from Samak Kosem and Sornrapat Patharakorn, Balbir Krishan, David Medalla, Arin Rungjang, Anne Samat, Jakkai Siributr and Chov Theanly, with a greater emphasis of artists from Southeast Asia.

Queer art and public space
Queer practices have a noted relationship to public space, from the wheatpasted activist posters of the 1980s and 1990s, to murals, public sculpture, memorials, and graffiti. From Jenny Holzer's Truism posters of the 1970s, to David Wojnarowicz's graffiti in the early 1980s, public space served as a politically significant venue for queer artists to display their work after years of suppression.

A significant example is the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt conceived by activist Cleve Jones. A continually-growing piece of public art, it allows people to commemorate loved ones lost to the disease through quilt squares. It was first displayed in 1987 during the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., covering an area larger than a football field. Presently, people continue to add panels honouring names of lost friends, and the project has grown into various incarnations around the world, also winning a Nobel Peace Prize nomination, and raising $3 million for AIDS service organisations.

Criticism
In attempting to conceive of queer art as a whole, one risks domesticating queer practices, smoothening over the radical nature and specificity of individual practices. Richard Meyer and Catherine Lord further argue that with the new-found acceptance of the term "queer", it runs the risk of being recuperated as "little more than a lifestyle brand or niche market", with what was once rooted in radical politics now mainstream, thus removing its transformative potential. One who takes the time to study queer culture and its effects on people today, can see that it simply not just a "lifestyle brand or niche market." It is part of an individuals identity and rather than niche, it is about community of others who share the same ideals and open sexuality as you.

Lastly, limiting queer art too closely within the contexts of US and UK events excludes the varied practices of LGBT+ individuals beyond those geographies, as well as various conceptions of queerness across cultures. However, it is more than that and queer culture is widespread outside the assumed demographic.

References

Further reading

External links

 Queer Lives and Art by Tate (archived here)
 Queer Art by Sarah Ingram at The Art Story (archived here)
 Queer Art: 1960s to the Present by Tara Burk at Art History Teaching Resources (archived here)

Contemporary art movements
LGBT art
Modern art
Queer culture

Queer art


Latvian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Latvian language.

Alphabet
The alphabet is as follows. It uses international w for v. All Latvian print diacritics are indicated by dot 6 in Latvian Braille; the international forms of u, v, and z have been abandoned to allow this to be a regular rule (compared to say Lithuanian Braille, which has a separate convention for such letters).

Punctuation

Formatting

References

French-ordered braille alphabets
Latvian language

Latvian Braille


Ronald Reece Slocum (July 2, 1945 — August 25, 1988) was an American professional baseball player. Slocum appeared in 80 games for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball during that team's first three seasons of existence, including the entire  season. A catcher and third baseman when he entered professional baseball, he was a utility infielder and backup catcher for San Diego, playing a near-equal number of games at third base, catcher, shortstop and second base. He threw and batted right-handed, stood  tall and weighed .

Slocum attended Helix High School. He was initially signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates and spent five seasons (1964–1968) in their minor league system before his newly created hometown team, the MLB Padres, chose him as the 55th overall selection in the National League's portion of the 1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft. Slocum spent the  minor league season with the Double-A Elmira Pioneers before his recall by the Padres in September.

Major League career
On September 16 at San Diego Stadium, against the Houston Astros, he started at third base and collected his first two Major League hits, a single off Tom Griffin and a two-run home run off Jack Billingham. Overall, he batted .292 in 13 games, and won a job as a utility player on the 1970 San Diego roster the following season.

Slocum played in 60 games for the 1970 Padres, but in 71 at bats he could muster only ten hits, including his second MLB home run, two doubles and two triples. He was the starting second baseman on July 21, 1970 — the day that Padre manager Preston Gómez controversially used a pinch hitter (Cito Gaston) for Clay Kirby in the eighth inning of a game in which Kirby was throwing a no-hitter against the New York Mets (although Kirby left the game trailing 1–0).

In , Slocum again made the Padre opening-season roster, but he went hitless in 18 April at bats and was sent to the Triple-A Hawaii Islanders, where he spent the remainder of his career. He retired in 1972.

Death
Ronald Slocum died in 1988 from AIDS, though news of his death did not reach researchers until 2014. He was survived by his two children and eight grandchildren.

References

External links

1945 births
1988 deaths
Baseball players from Modesto, California
Batavia Pirates players
Elmira Pioneers players
Gastonia Pirates players
Hawaii Islanders players
Kinston Eagles players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball infielders
People from San Diego County, California
Raleigh Pirates players
Reno Silver Sox players
Salem Rebels (baseball) players
San Diego Padres players
Arizona Instructional League Pilots players
Florida Instructional League Pirates players

Ron Slocum


Martin Connolly (October 1924 – November 2006) was the Mayor of Galway from 1987–1988.

Biography

Connolly was born in the old Claddagh to Thomas Connolly (born in Boston) and Mary McDonagh of Spanish Parade. He was a member of the Sea Scouts, a personal friend of actor Sean McClory, and served two years on the ship Irish Poplar as ship's carpenter. He married Una Keaveney of Glenamaddy with whom he had children Thomas, Padraic, Marty, Seán, Kieran, Rory, Maura. He became deeply involved in the revival of traditional sailing craft of the Claddagh, such as the Gleoiteog and Galway hooker. An outstanding achievement in this regard was his restoration of the Claddagh Lass, a gleoiteog that had spent nearly twenty years neglected and underwater. Connolly restored it in six months.

Connolly became involved in local politics in the early 1980s in the campaign against plans for a raw-sewage pump plant at The Swamp (now called South Park), beside the Claddagh. He was elected to the Corporation in 1985 and was responsible for footpaths, roads and seaside walks repaired. As Chairman of the Claddagh Residents Association, he and other members worked at laying pipes into Galway Bay to ease sewage problems. In July 1987 he became the first Claddagh native to be elected Mayor of Galway. On 21 December 1987 he officially opened Galway's Quincentennial Bridge. On a thirteen-day business-and-tourism trip to Seattle, he was awarded by the State of Washington the titles of Honorary Distinguished Citizen, Ambassador of Good Will, and Washington General. While in office he entertained eight foreign ambassadors. Among them was the British Ambassador, who expressed a wish to sail in Mayor Connolly's Gleoiteog, though this proved impossible for security reasons.

References

 Role of Honour:The Mayors of Galway City 1485–2001, William Henry, Galway 2001.

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071119083053/http://www.galwaycity.ie/AllServices/YourCouncil/HistoryofTheCityCouncil/PreviousMayors/

Politicians from County Galway
Mayors of Galway
1924 births
2006 deaths

Martin Connolly


The "Orpheion", also known as the Orpheion Theater, is a traditional outdoor Greek hillside theater on the Irving, Texas, campus of the University of Dallas.

The name is a Greek diminutive of Orpheus, the poet and musician of classical mythology who through his music and art could charm even the mute stones and trees to life.

The space consists of a bowl of earth, part-natural and part-man-made, (in Greek the "theatron" or 'seeing place' for the spectators to sit) that half-encircles, at the base of the bowl, a nearly circular (actually octagonal) stone stage (the "orchestra" or 'the place where the chorus dances'). Abutting the rear of the stage, in size and form variant on the needs of the particular production, is a temporary wooden structure (the "skene" or 'tent' where the Greek actors could enter and exit, and probably also change masks and costumes, etc.). This structure often holds a curtain or curtains for thespian ingress and egress. Behind the skene is a copse of oak trees, with paths for the actors and crew.

Inspiration
The inspiration for such an outdoor hillside theater came from the University of Dallas Rome Program, the semester study-abroad during which students, usually sophomores, live and study on the "Due Santi" campus, southeast of Rome. This campus, purchased by the University of Dallas in 1990, included a natural hillside between what is now the dormitory and the cappuccino bar; the campus architects built this slope into a roughly semi-circular stone outdoor theater, commonly (though erroneously) termed the "Amphitheater." ("Amphitheaters" are actually fully enclosed ellipses, like the famed Amphitheatrum Flavium, better known as the Coliseum.) The Rome Campus was officially inaugurated June 1994, and each fall and spring thereafter the campus has housed around a hundred students, plus faculty, staff, and their families.

To complement and bring to life the Greek and Shakespearean plays that they read for class, University of Dallas students regularly stage full-length plays and shorter vignettes in this outdoor 'amphitheater.' Further, as part of the official Rome Program, the students travel to Greece for ten days, where they visit, and often perform readings in, such outdoor theaters such as the Theater of Dionysos in Athens, the Theater in Delphi, and the Theater of Epidaurus. During their own independent travels, students have also visited the many still-standing Greco-Roman theaters spread throughout the Mediterranean: in Syracuse, Sicily, Segesta, Taormina, Gubbio, Verona, Pompeii, Ostia Antica, and Hadrian's Villa.

Inspired by the hillside theaters of Greece and Rome, students returned to their hilly campus in Irving, Texas, in the area called Las Colinas (the "hills" in Spanish), and there they planned to recreate outdoor classical theater. Several hills on the campus were considered—for instance, the hill between the Church of the Incarnation and Jerome Hall—but all have flaws: e.g., the audience would have to look directly into the setting sun, there was too much exposure to foot and road traffic, there was not a steep enough slope, there was no ready access to power and water, and so forth. From the fall of 1999 until the late spring and summer of 2003, the idea lay dormant.

Construction
In June 2003, University of Dallas students (undergraduate and graduate), alumni, faculty, and Facilities and Grounds staff formed a joint enterprise to designed and constructed the new outdoor theater. They selected an area between the Braniff building and the Facilities building, which had been a neglected corner of campus, a dumping ground for rubble and rebar piled up over years to shore up the Facilities parking lot. The team reclaimed the former dump and transformed the area into a lush green space, with new sod, trees, sprinkler and drainage system. The crew, mostly student volunteers, worked through the torrid Texas summer to lay sod, trim and transplant trees, pack down limestone base, lay down the stage bricks, tear out poison ivy, and more.

By the end of summer, the space was ready for the inauguration, which took place on September 26, 2003, as faculty dedicated the space to the former Dean of the Rome Campus, who had been an ardent sponsor of outdoor student drama. The theater then opened with a student-led revival of Shakespeare's classical comedy, A Midsummer Night's Dream (students had originally staged the play on the Rome Campus during the spring of 2002). The stage setting was simple: a post and lintel with two curtains. Over the three night run, approximately 500 total students, faculty, alumni, families, and friends sat on the green hillside and watched the play.

In the summer of 2004, in preparation of the fall play, Shakespeare's madcap comedy Twelfth Night, crews of students and Facilities staff added a "French drain" and more backstage limestone base (to prevent erosion and make entry onto the stage from backstage safer and easier). Students also built a much more elaborate scene house, with three (rather than just one) stage entrances, a balcony, and ramps.

In the fall of 2021, after a long period of disuse, director Stefan Novinski revamped the Orpheion for the mainstage production of Shakespeare's Roman comedy, Comedy of Errors. A raised stage of wooden platforms was constructed over the eroded area, with paths cut through the woods to the nearby Facilities building, which was used as a backstage area.

Student productions
A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare, Fall 2003
Hamlet by  William Shakespeare, Spring 2004
Twelfth Night, or What You Will by William Shakespeare, with accompanying student-faculty symposium, Fall 2004
The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare, with accompanying student-faculty symposium, Spring 2005
Lysistrata by Aristophanes, Spring 2005
Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare, with accompanying student-faculty symposium, Fall 2005
King Lear by William Shakespeare, Fall 2005
Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie, Fall 2006
Antigone by Sophocles, Fall 2006
The Code of the Woosters by P.G. Wodehouse, Spring 2007
Comedy of Errors by William Shakespeare, Fall 2021

References

Theatres in Texas
Shakespearean theatre companies
University of Dallas
Buildings and structures in Irving, Texas

Orpheion


Leeds Modern School was a school in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

History
Leeds Modern School was founded on 14 July 1845 in Rossington Street as the Mathematical and Commercial School. This building in the centre of Leeds became council offices after the school moved to a site at Lawnswood in 1931.

During the 1960s, pupils over 16 years of age were allowed to travel to school on motor-cycles and scooters and, with special permission, by car.

The School merged with the girls' grammar school, Lawnswood High School for Girls in 1972 to form the present Lawnswood School. In 1973 the now Lawnswood School became a comprehensive. The school buildings were demolished by Leeds City Council, and replaced with modern buildings in 2003.

School site
The school site was shared with a separate but identical sister school, Lawnswood High School for Girls. Boys attended Leeds Modern, Girls, Lawnswood High. The schools were separated by a joint school's swimming pool and separate dining hall building. Mixing of boys and girls was strictly prohibited.

The school buildings were mainly red brick with stone features and large windows, with internal corridors of brickwork walls and oak parquet flooring. The main hall had a stage at one end, used for assembly, and was lined with scholarship boards. Classrooms accommodated about 32 pupils.

School facilities included about 20 permanent classrooms, chemistry, physics and biology laboratories, lecture rooms, library, gymnasium, and rooms for metal and woodworking, art and music.

Notable former pupils

Bernard Atha CBE, Lord Mayor of Leeds and major figure in arts and sport
 Author and playwright Alan Bennett
 Prof David Blackbourn, Professor of German and European History at Harvard University and Vanderbilt University
 Robert Blackburn, founder of Blackburn Aircraft
 Wing Commander Sir Eric Bullus, Conservative MP from 1950 to 1974 for Wembley North
 TV presenter and journalist John Craven
 Henry Drysdale Dakin, biochemist, known for Dakin oxidation and the Dakin–West reaction
 Martin Kettle, journalist
 James Milner, 1st Baron Milner of Leeds, Labour MP from 1929 to 1951 for Leeds South East
 Bob Peck, actor
 Peter Ridsdale, former chairman of Leeds United.
 Prof Wallace Robson, Masson Professor of English Literature from 1972 to 1990 at the University of Edinburgh
 Allan Schiller B.E.M Concert pianist
 Guy Schofield, Editor from 1950 to 1955 of the Daily Mail
 Sir Douglas Smith KCB, Chairman of Acas from 1987 to 1992
 Stanley Tiffany CBE, Labour MP from 1945 to 1950 for Peterborough, and Leader of Wakefield Borough Council from 1952 to 1967
 Herbert Hall Turner, astronomer and Savilian Professor of Astronomy from 1893 to 1930 at the University of Oxford
 Brian Woledge, Fielden Professor of French from 1939 to 1971 at University College London

Notable teachers
 John Gunnell taught at the school from 1959 to 1962. He was the leader of West Yorkshire County Council from 1981 to 1986, and Labour MP for Morley and Leeds South from 1992 to 1997, and Morley and Rothwell from 1997 to 2001.
 Robert Shaw (poet), was  head of English, 1964–1968. In addition to his teaching at Leeds Modern, during those years, he was also visiting fellow in English and education at the University of York and  part-time tutor in twentieth-century English literature at the University of Leeds. He  later lectured at the University of Southampton from 1968 to 1972, resigning to become a full-time poet, critic (including TV and radio) and jazz saxophonist – he was a pioneer of poetry and jazz fusion.

References

External links
 History of Leeds Modern School
 Lawnswood School website

Defunct grammar schools in England
Defunct schools in Leeds
Educational institutions established in 1845
Educational institutions disestablished in 1972
1845 establishments in England
1972 disestablishments in England

Leeds Modern School


Richard Broadus Culler (January 15, 1915 – June 16, 1964), known outside of professional baseball by his middle name, was an American pro baseball player who appeared in 472 Major League games (primarily as a shortstop) for the Philadelphia Athletics (1936), Chicago White Sox (1943), Boston Braves (1944–47), Chicago Cubs (1948) and New York Giants (1949). The native of High Point, North Carolina, stood  tall and weighed .

In eight MLB seasons he played in 472 games and totalled 1,527 at-bats, 195 runs, 372 hits, 39 doubles, 6 triples, 2 home runs, 99 RBI, 19 stolen bases, 166 walks with a .244 batting average, a .320 on-base percentage and a .281 slugging percentage.

Culler attended High Point College, where he played baseball, basketball and soccer. He was best known for his exploits as captain of the basketball team and his No. 9 was the first ever retired at the school. He was player and coach of the soccer team, and was a pitcher and infielder for the baseball team.

Culler also played in the independent Carolina League for several seasons with the Concord Weavers.

After his playing career, Culler founded and operated the Autographed Baseball Company, which still exists in High Point today.

Culler died in Chapel Hill, North Carolina at the age of 49.

References

External links

1915 births
1964 deaths
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Baseball players from High Point, North Carolina
Boston Braves players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox players
High Point Panthers baseball players
High Point Panthers men's basketball players
Jersey City Giants players
Major League Baseball shortstops
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Nashville Vols players
New York Giants (NL) players
Philadelphia Athletics players
Reidsville Luckies players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
American men's basketball players

Dick Culler


Ueckermünde Heath (, ) is a large area of forest and heath, 1,000 km² in area, in northeastern Germany and northwestern Poland, on the  Oder river and the Szczecin Lagoon. In 1945, the eastern part went to Poland and is now called the Puszcza Wkrzańska. Świdwie Lake near Tanowo is the site of a nature reserve and Ramsar site.

Geography
The region is about 1000 km² large. In the north it borders to the Szczecin Lagoon and in the east on the Oder. In the west the lowland of the Friedländer Großen Wiese forms the border and in the south the line Stettin-Pasewalk forms it. The Ueckermünde Heath is a lowland area, where only a few points reach heights above the 20 metre above sea level (except for: Dachsberge south of Hintersee with 48 metres). The forest area is crossed by the rivers Uecker, Randow and Zarow. There are also numerous protected moors, especially in the border area with Poland. The swamps were also the reason why the heath was colonised relatively late. In the 17th century it was mainly colonists who set up charcoal burners and glassworks. The frequent occurrence of bog iron was the basis for the metal processing plants, primarily in Torgelow. In the middle of the area there is a military training area of about 50 km², which is used by the Bundeswehr (barracks in Torgelow and Eggesin). Today, the Ueckermünde Heath is important for forestry, but also increasingly for tourism. In addition, there is a diverse flora and fauna. Since 2015 there has also been a pack of wolves and their offspring living in the Ueckermünde Heath. Cranes, screaming eagles and white-tailed eagles breed in the forests and moors.

Places in Germany:
Ahlbeck
Eggesin
Jatznick
Torgelow
Ueckermünde
Viereck
Places in Poland:
Police
Nowe Warpno
Szczecin
Trzebież

References

External links

  Landschaftssteckbrief des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz

Forests of Poland
Forests and woodlands of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Ueckermünde Heath


Talapoins () are the two species of Old World monkeys classified in genus Miopithecus. They live in central Africa, with their range extending from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola.

With a typical length of 32 to 45 cm and a weight of approximately 1.3 kg (males) and 0.8 kg (females), the talapoins are the smallest Old World monkeys. Their fur is grey green on top and whitish on their underside, much like the vervet monkeys. The head is round and short-snouted with a hairless face.

Talapoins are diurnal and arboreal, preferring rain forest or mangroves near water. They are usually not found in open fields, nor do they seem to be disrupted by humans. Like Allen's swamp monkey, they can swim well and look in the water for food.

These monkeys live in groups of 60 to 100 individuals. They congregate at night in trees close to the water, dividing into smaller subgroups during the day to spread out to find food. Groups are composed of several fully mature males, numerous females and their offspring. Unlike the closely related guenons, they do not have any territorial behaviors. Their vocal repertoire is smaller, as well.

Talapoins are omnivores; their diet consists mainly of fruits, seeds, aquatic plants, insects, shellfish, bird eggs and small vertebrates.

Their 160-day gestation period (typically from November to March) results in the birth of a single young. Offspring are considerably large and well developed (newborns weigh over 200 g and are about a quarter of the weight of the mother) and develop rapidly. Within six weeks, they eat solid food, and at three months of age, they are independent. The highest recorded age of an animal in captivity was 28 years, while the life expectancy in the wild is not well known.

Species

Etymology
Talapoin is a 16th-century French word for a Buddhist monk, from Portuguese talapão, from Mon tala pōi "our lord"; originally jocular, from the appearance of the monkey.

References

Sources

External links

 Primate Info Net Miopithecus Factsheets

Primates of Africa
Fauna of Central Africa
Cercopithecini

Talapoin


The Abyssinia Crisis happened in 1935. It started with the Walwal incident, a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia"). The League of Nations said Italy could not intervene and voted to punish Italy's economy. But the League did not follow through, and Italy quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and invaded Abyssinia. The crisis made the League look bad, and made Fascist Italy closer friends with Nazi Germany.

Both Italy and Ethiopia did not like each other. The League of Nations said:At places where there is not a single Italian national, a consul establishes himself in an area known as consular territory with a guard of about ninety men, for whom he claims jurisdictional immunity. This is an obvious abuse of consular privileges. The abuse is all the greater that the consul's duties, apart from the supplying of information of a military character, take the form of assembling stocks of arms, which constitute a threat to the peace of the country, whether from the internal or the international point of view.

Related pages
 Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1929
 Munich Crisis of 1938

Notes

 Footnotes

Further reading
 Baer, George W. Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations (1976).

 Corthorn, Paul Steven. "The British labour party and the League of Nations 1933-5" (PhD disst. Durham University, 1999). online.
 Fronczak, Joseph. "Local People's Global Politics: A Transnational History of the Hands Off Ethiopia Movement of 1935" Diplomatic History (2014):
 Kent, Peter G. "Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935–1936." International History Review 11#2 (1989): 252–271.

 Post Jr, Gaines. "The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis." International History Review 1#4 (1979): 522–541.
 Strang, G. Bruce. "'The Worst of all Worlds:' Oil Sanctions and Italy's Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935–1936." Diplomacy and Statecraft 19.2 (2008): 210–235.

Other websites

 Ethiopia 1935 to 1936

1930s in Italy
History of the United Kingdom
World War II
1935

Abyssinia Crisis


A  (; ) is a woman's private sitting room or salon in a furnished residence, usually between the dining room and the bedroom, but can also refer to a woman's private bedroom. The term derives from the French verb bouder (to sulk or pout) or adjective boudeur (sulking)—the room was originally a space to withdraw to.

Architecture
A cognate of the English "bower", historically, the boudoir formed part of the private suite of rooms of a "lady" or upper-class woman, for bathing and dressing, adjacent to her bedchamber, being the female equivalent of the male cabinet.  In later periods, the boudoir was used as a private drawing room, and was used for other activities, such as embroidery or spending time with one's romantic partner.

English-language usage varies between countries, and is now largely historical. In the United Kingdom, in the period when the term was most often used (Victorian era and early 20th century), a boudoir was a lady's evening sitting room, and was separate from her morning room, and her dressing room. As this multiplicity of rooms with overlapping functions suggests, boudoirs were generally found only in grand houses. In the United States, in the same era, boudoir was an alternative term for dressing room, favored by those who felt that French terms conferred more prestige.

In Caribbean English, a boudoir is the front room of the house where women entertain family and friends.

Furniture
Recently, the term boudoir has come to denote a style of furnishing for the bedroom that is traditionally described as ornate or busy.  The plethora of links available on the Internet to furnishing sites using the term boudoir tend to focus on Renaissance and French inspired bedroom styles.  In recent times, they have also been used to describe the 'country cottage' style with whitewashed-style walls, large and heavy bed furniture, and deep bedding.

See also
 Harem
 Ladyfinger (biscuit), which translates as boudoirs in French

References

Rooms
Women's quarters

Boudoir


The Tunisian Ba'ath Movement ( Haraket Al-Ba'ath Al-Tounisi; French: Mouvement Baath tunisien) is a political party in Tunisia. It is the Tunisian regional branch of the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party.

History
The first Ba'athist branch in Tunisia, then under the unified Ba'ath Party, was established in 1955; however, the Ba'ath Party was outlawed under Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Following the Tunisian Revolution, the Tunisian Ba'ath Movement was established at its First Congress on 3–5 June 2011 and legally registered on 22 January 2011. However, Ba'athists have been active in underground politics since the 1950s. The Ba'ath Movement marked the fifth anniversary of the death of Saddam Hussein. Omar Othman Belhadj, Secretary-General of the Executive Committee of the Ba'ath Movement, said "Hussein's execution was symbolic, they did not kill a person but rather the ideas he represented and fought for. Hussein was killed for being against colonization and for being a defender of Arab unity and independence of Arab countries." He further noted that he did not support killing Muammar Gaddafi, saying that Gaddafi had a right to a fair trial like anyone else.

Omar once told a journalist, "the Syrian regime has turned against the Ba'ath and is no longer Ba'athist one". The party does not support Syria's expulsion from the Arab League, and asserts that foreign nations should play a neutral role in the Syrian Civil War. On 4 February 2012, the Executive Committee of the Ba'ath Movement released a communiqué condemning the provisional Tunisian government's expulsion of the Syrian ambassador. The Ba'ath Movement expressed solidarity with the Syrian protesters, and condemned the shooting of unarmed demonstrators. The committee predicted that the Syrian ambassador's expulsion would militarise the conflict, mobilising Arab opinion against the government and leading to military intervention. After the revolution, the Arab Democratic Vanguard Party emerged as second "Iraqi" Baathist Party in Tunisia. Its membership is younger and its political position more at the left of the Baath Movement. It's headed by Kheireddine Souabni and Ahmed Seddik. Both parties are members of the Popular Front, a communist-dominated front.

References

1988 establishments in Tunisia
Arab nationalism in Tunisia
Ba'athist parties
Tunisia
Political parties established in 1988
Popular Front (Tunisia)
Socialist parties in Tunisia
Tunisian Revolution

Tunisian Ba'ath Movement


The Chavón River is a river located to the east of the Dominican Republic. Its best view is obtained from the village called Altos de Chavón.
The history of this river contains extremely interesting passages; From the origin of its name, possible corruption of the name Taino "Bomana", until its use by known pirates to hide treasures, passing through its use from colonial times to transport the precious woods that were cut in the forests of its basin.
At present the mouth of the river is dominated by the town of Altos de Chavón and at its exit is located the spectacular marina of Casa de Campo. After the dam of the river located on the bridge that crosses it we find a tropical space that can be visited in pleasant ships that transport tourists who want to enjoy the calm waters.
It is a fairly large river that is born in the interior of the country to flow into the Caribbean Sea on the outskirts of the city of La Romana.

See also
List of rivers of the Dominican Republic

References

Notes

Sources
 The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000.
 GEOnet Names Server
CIA map

Rivers of the Dominican Republic

Chavón River


René García (born July 10, 1974) is a Republican politician from Florida. He has served on the Miami-Dade County Commission since 2020, representing the Hialeah area. He previously served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and in the Florida Senate from 2010 to 2018.

History
García was born in Hialeah and attended Miami-Dade Community College, where he graduated with an Associate degree in 1996. Afterwards, he attended Florida International University, where he received a degree in political science in 1999. García then graduated from the University of Miami with a Master of Business Administration in health care administration in 2004. In 1995, while still in college, he ran for a position on the Hialeah City Council, but he received only 2% of the vote. Two years later, he ran again, and this time won with 18% of the vote. García was re-elected to his position in 1999.

Florida House of Representatives
In 2000, when incumbent State Representative Rudy García ran for the Florida Senate, which resulted in an open seat. René García ran to succeed Rudy García, and defeated Andy Pérez in the Republican primary with 55% of the vote. He was re-elected without opposition in 2002, 2004, and 2006, and could not seek another term in 2008 due to term limits.

Florida Senate
When Rudy García could not run for the Senate again due to term limits, René García once again ran to succeed him. He faced no opposition in the primary or the general election, and thus won his first term in the 40th District unopposed. When Florida Senate districts were redrawn in 2012, García was redistricted into the 38th District, which included most of the territory that he had previously represented. Once again, he was elected unopposed.

While serving in the Senate, García joined with State Representative Michael Bileca to sponsor legislation that prevented state and local governments in Florida from doing business with companies that were connected to Cuba. When the Florida Chamber of Commerce opposed the legislation, Garcia blasted them, calling their opposition "an abomination to the very fabric of our state and country." The law was later struck down, however, by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, which said that it "reaches far beyond federal law in numerous ways and undermines the president's exercise of the discretion afford him by Congress." Additionally, García joined with State Representative Manny Diaz, Jr. to sponsor legislation that would ban Cuban-trained doctors from practicing in Florida, noting, "The Fidel Castro medical scholarship program is purely a propaganda tool. Hopefully this legislation will stop American citizens from participating in Cuba's medical apartheid program."

García worked with Democratic State Senator Dwight Bullard to continue subsidizing private tutoring companies in Florida, an effort that ultimately failed. Speaking in defense of their proposal, García asserted, "What we're trying to do is keep it in law that the students have the option of tutoring services, both public and private. At the end of the day, the ones who benefit from this are minority students." García also joined Democrats in the Senate to defeat the controversial "parent trigger" legislation, which "would have allowed parents with students at F-rated schools to petition their school board to select one of the state's mandated turnaround options--which include converting it to a charter school."

During the 2011 Legislative Session, Senator García passed various pieces of legislation. The first was SB514/HB 347 Vehicle Crashes Involving Death. This bill was done in memory of Ashley Nicole Valdés who was struck and killed by a vehicle on January 8, 2009. The driver of the vehicle which struck Ashley never stopped and was arrested 8 days later only because he had taken the vehicle to get repairs done. Crime Stoppers were notified by the shop owner after realizing the truck matched the description of the vehicle police were looking for. Soon after the driver was apprehended, but only spent 2 hours in jail before he was able to post bond. The criminal case against the driver who struck down Ashley in 2009 was tried in 2011. This legislation creates new penalties for those drivers involved in car crashes which result in death and speed away instead of stopping at the scene of the accident. A person arrested for fleeing the scene of an accident will be charged with a felony of the first degree. Those who have been previously convicted of leaving the scene of an accident, racing on highways, driving under the influence (DUI) or felony driving while having a license suspended, revoked, canceled, or disqualified must be held in custody until first appearance before a judge for a bail determination. If the accident occurs while the driver is under the influence, they shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 2 years. This legislation change gives judges the flexibility in setting the proper bond amounts.

A second bill passed into law during the 2011 Legislative Session was CS/SB 1922/ CS/HB 1125 Health and Human Services. During the 2008 Florida Legislative session, Senator García played an integral part in the creation of the company Florida Health Choices. This organization was set up to establish a voluntary marketplace in which insurance and health care vendors, insurance agents, employers and their employees could do business. It is a web-based shopping experience that will provide easy access and side-by-side comparison of products and services. The program will assist small employers with compliance of all rules and regulations.

The goal of the bill was to make it easier and more cost effective for individuals to purchase health insurance. Senator García filed this bill in order to make the appropriate changes needed to streamline the process, remove redundancies, conform to the insurance code and permit alignment with common insurance industry practices.

The third bill passed during the legislative session of 2011 was SB 880/HB 281 Value Adjustment Boards. This legislation deals with cash strapped school districts, cities, and counties in obtaining greater funding during difficult economic times. Property owners who disagree with their property's assessed value would be able to continue appealing to their county's value adjustment board (VAB). There would just be needed changes to ensure that the process be done equally and beneficial to all citizens of the counties they reside in.

During the 2012 Legislative Session the following bills were filed and passed into law. The first was SJR 1740/HJR 169 Homestead Exemption for Seniors. This joint resolution proposed an amendment to the Florida Constitution allowing for counties and local governments to provide certain low income seniors with the opportunity to be exempted from paying their property taxes. To qualify for the additional homestead tax exemption, a senior has to be 65 years old or older, have lived in their residence for at least 25 years, have an annual income of no more than $27,030 and the property must have a value of less than $250,000.00. This amendment was approved by the voters in 2012.

Another bill passed during the 2012 legislative session was CS/SB 1144/ CS/HB 959 State and Local Government Relations with Cuba or Syria. This bill creates a prohibition against contracting with companies that have business operations in Cuba or Syria. It prohibits a company with business operations in Cuba or Syria from bidding on, submitting a proposal for, or entering into or renewing a contract with an agency or local governmental entity for goods or services of $1 million or more. Beginning July 1, 2012. The law prohibits the State Board of Administration from investing in either country or companies that do business with Cuba or Syria. In 2013 the courts ruled against this legislation explaining that individual states do not have the power to determine the foreign policy of the United States as a whole.

In protecting the drinking water of Miami Dade County as well as promoting the preservation of the Everglades, Senator Garcia passed CS/CS/SB 182/ HB 377 Miami-Dade Lake Belt Mitigation Plan. This bill transfers, for a limited time, the proceeds of the Lake Belt water treatment upgrade fee from Miami-Dade County to the South Florida Water Management District to pay for seepage mitigation projects.

Senator García and then-incoming Senate President Don Gaetz passed CS/CS/CS SB 1568. This bill set up new requirements as to the steps needed to take when a public hospital is going to be sold or leased. Some of the new requirements included requiring any sale or lease of a public hospital that is owned by a county, district, or municipality to be approved by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Florida.

During the 2013 Legislative Session Senator Garcia worked in stopping two pieces of legislation. CS/CS/SB 306 Economic Development or better known as the Miami Dolphins Stadium Bill would have created the Sports Development program. This program would have allowed applicants to apply to the Department of Economic Opportunity (DEO) for funding to assist in the construction, reconstruction, renovation, or improvement of a sports facility.

The senator had many concerns with the Dolphins bill since it was filed for the 2013 Legislative Session. There was a lot of information being discussed regarding how good or bad the passage of this bill would be.  Unfortunately the more information the senator reviewed and the more he spoke to people knowledgeable on the sports stadium funding process, the more skeptical he became and the greater his worries were. His biggest concern with this bill was that both the State and Local governments were going to hand over a total of over $300 million of tax payer money to fund a renovation project for a private entity who could afford to pay for renovations on their own.

The second concern with this bill is that as it moved through the legislative process in the Senate it kept changing. By the time the bill was heard and voted upon on the Senate floor it had been loaded up with other sports projects from the rest of the state which also would have been allowed to apply for state funding. Senator Garcia was only one of four senators who voted against the Dolphins bill. He saw it as a personal insult to the people of Florida who entrust the legislature in Tallahassee to use our limited tax dollars in the most efficient manner.

A second bill Senator García was also against was CS/CS/HB 867 Parent Empowerment in Education which is better known as the Parent Trigger Bill. This bill would have enabled parents, through a petition process to the school district, to request the implementation of a parent-selected turnaround option for low performing schools. The turnaround option most likely being to convert the public school into a charter school. Assuming the petition was signed by a majority of the parents of students currently enrolled in the school and/or students who would be in the following school year, the district school board would have to hold a meeting to decide whether or not to accept the parents option or choose another course of action to improve the low performing school. If the district school board did not adopt the parent-selected option, it must include that option with the implementation plan submitted to the State Board of Education. The State Board of Education would have the final say as to whether or not a county school board would have to implement the parent-selected option or their own option.

Senator García spoke with various educators throughout the district and heard from concerned parents throughout all of Florida. They were opposed to this bill. He was in agreement with the supporters of the bill that the Florida education system needs some much needed reforms. He disagreed with them over their process to find a solution.

During the 2013 Legislative Session, the Florida House stopped the State of Florida from receiving billions of dollars to expand Medicaid. The Florida Senate President formed the Select Committee on PPACA to study Medicaid. The Senate came up with a Florida-based alternative to expansion of the current Medicaid program. It was called the Healthy Florida. The proposed program would have used available federal tax dollars to fund premium assistance for uninsured Floridians to purchase private health insurance. There had been concerns in both the Senate and the House about adding an estimated one million new enrollees to the current Medicaid system during a critical stage of implementation for the statewide Medicaid managed care reforms passed by the Legislature in 2011 and also about the cost to the state after the first three years the Federal Government promised to pay 100% of the Medicaid costs.

The Senate's Healthy Florida plan centered on private insurance options and personal responsibility. It included the proper benchmarks to ensure the state of Florida is protected if Washington fails to send the federal tax dollars of Floridians back to the state to fund this premium assistance for the uninsured. The Healthy Florida plan would have used available federal funding to assist individuals and families with purchasing private insurance coverage.  The program would be operated separately from Florida's current Medicaid program by building on the successful framework of Florida Healthy Kids. Under the Senates Healthy Florida plan, enrollees would be provided a choice of plans and options to select individual or family coverage. All plans would have also required that a health reimbursement account (HRA) or comparable health savings account be established for Healthy Florida enrollees to encourage and incentivize healthy behaviors.

Miami-Dade County Commissioner
Garcia ran for the open commission seat being vacated by Esteban Bovo who is term-limited and running for Dade County Mayor. Garcia ran in the nonpartisan primary against Adrian Jimenez beating his opponent with 77%, because Garcia won overwhelmingly in the primary a runoff was not needed and took office in November.

References

External links
Florida House of Representatives - Rene Garcia

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Living people
1974 births
People from Hialeah, Florida
Miami Dade College alumni
Florida International University alumni
University of Miami Business School alumni
Florida city council members
Republican Party members of the Florida House of Representatives
Republican Party Florida state senators
American politicians of Cuban descent
21st-century American politicians
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Florida

René García (politician)


Ross Alexander Cameron (born 14 May 1965) is an Australian politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 to October 2004, representing the Division of Parramatta, New South Wales.

Between 2013 and 2018, he was a contributor and host at Sky News Live, including a controversial stint as a co-host of Outsiders, before his employment was terminated for racist remarks made on air.

Early life
The son of Jim Cameron, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, he was born in Sydney, New South Wales, grew up in Turramurra in Sydney and was educated at Knox Grammar School and Sydney University. He was a lawyer before entering politics. He was policy adviser and research officer to the New South Wales Minister for Transport, Bruce Baird, and an intern to United States Republican Senator Mark Hatfield.

Member of Parliament
Cameron was elected to parliament in the 1996 Federal election, winning the Division of Parramatta from the sitting Labor member Paul Elliott. A noted orator, he delivered his maiden speech to the House of Representatives without notes. Cameron held the traditionally Labor seat of Parramatta for three terms.

While a member of parliament, Cameron was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Family and Community Services from 2001 to 2003 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer (Peter Costello) 2003–2004.

Cameron ran regular prayer meetings for politicians in his office in Parliament House. He has also been associated with the American evangelical Christian organisation, The Fellowship.

Mark Latham wrote of Ross Cameron in 1997: "Ross Cameron, the brilliant but creepy Liberal member for Parramatta, has talked me into participating in his youth leadership forum in Canberra. I rather suspect it's a front for mobilising Christian soldiers, plus some quality box for Ross".

Cameron ran an eight-year campaign while in office against the Parliament House contemporary art collection.

Extramarital affair

In August 2004, Cameron revealed in an interview in Good Weekend that he had an extramarital affair with an "exotic solicitor" while his wife was pregnant with twins. Cameron "was a frequent overnight visitor to the house his mistress shared with a reporter". In Truth Overboard, journalist Tom Dusevic wrote in Time magazine that once Cameron's story was in the public domain "...reporters in Canberra immediately ran with further details of Cameron's private life, unleashing stories they'd been sitting on for years" which included accounts of numerous other affairs which he had failed to disclose in the original interview with Good Weekend.

The admission was considered to be the main reason why he lost his seat at the 2004 Federal election. He was one of only three sitting coalition members to lose their seat at that election.

In 2011 Cameron said he may run for a seat at the next federal election and had discussed the matter with Opposition Leader Tony Abbott, but this did not eventuate.

After Parliament
After his departure from parliament, he joined Macquarie Bank's Investment Banking Group, working primarily on partnerships between the public and private sectors. He left Macquarie in 2008.

Cameron was a founder and original board member of MyATM, along with three time undischarged bankrupt Don Fleming (owing $24million in 2010), Kym Weir, Tim Scala and Grant Chapman.  According to The Business Spectator he bought 15,787,600 shares for $3,946,900 on 1 April 2010 and 2 April, becoming a substantial shareholder with 15,787,600 shares (7.52%). In a written statement outlining Fleming's involvement with the company, Mr Scala said: "Don Fleming founded My ATM jointly with Ross Cameron and myself" Cameron resigned from the board of directors of MyATM four months after the public float, he remains on the board of Aussie ATM and My ATM New Zealand.

From 2013 to 2018, Cameron was a regular contributor to programs on Sky News Australia. In July 2014, Cameron became a co-host alongside Kristina Keneally on weekly panel show The Contrarians every Friday afternoon, before the pair were given their own self-titled program Keneally and Cameron. This program was axed in March 2015. From 4 December 2016, Cameron began co-hosting Outsiders on Sky News.

On a Sky News panel discussion of the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape in October 2016, Cameron said the whole thing had made him even more pro-Trump and theatrically demonstrated his support by donning an official Trump slogan cap and removing his shirt to reveal an official Trump Pence campaign t-shirt.

In February 2017, Cameron was reported to have spoken as a VIP member at a fundraiser for the far-right Q Society of Australia. In the article, his speech was characterised by having "constantly mentioned homosexuality", and is quoted to have said "The NSW division of the Liberal Party is basically a gay club... I don't mind that they are gay, I just wish, like Hadrian, they would build a wall." His comments were condemned by Sky News colleagues including David Speers, Peter van Onselen and Kristina Keneally.

Also in February 2017, Cameron was suspended by the Liberal Party's NSW state executive for four-and-a-half years, after he gave an interview to the ABC's 7.30 Report in which he referred to Liberal Party processes as "corrupt" and called the party "basically a gay club".

Cameron was sacked by Sky News on 2 November 2018, after making racist remarks on Outsiders.

In 2021, Cameron joined the Liberal Democrats and ran for the party during the 2022 Australian federal election which he lost.

References

External links
2004 Good Weekend article on Cameron

1965 births
Living people
People educated at Knox Grammar School
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Politicians from Sydney
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Parramatta
Sky News Australia reporters and presenters
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
Government ministers of Australia

Ross Cameron


William James Eyden (4 May 1930 – 15 October 2004) was an English jazz drummer.

Biography
The son of James Eyden and Ivy (née Tiller), his first professional gig was in 1952 with the Ivor and Basil Kirchin Band. He was soon working with Ray Kirkwood and Johnny Rogers, and appeared on TV in 1953 with the pianist Steve Race. In 1955 Eyden met Tubby Hayes, with whom he would play regularly for the next two decades, joining Hayes and Ronnie Scott in The Jazz Couriers. When the Couriers folded in 1959, he went on to play with the Vic Ash-Harry Klein Quintet, supporting Miles Davis on his first British tour in 1960. He was also a member of the Ray Ellington Quartet when it worked on The Goon Show, appearing on the video of the reunion programme The Last Goon Show of All.

Eyden joined Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames in September 1964 and remained until December 1965. He joined the Dick Morrissey Quartet, replacing Phil Seamen, and did session work for various rock and R&B groups, including Procol Harum on their seminal hit "A Whiter Shade of Pale." He was a member of the resident trio, led by Stan Tracey, at Ronnie Scott's club until the late 1960s.

Eyden also played or recorded with Dizzy Reece, Jimmy Deuchar, Dickie Hawdon, Harry South, Ian Hamer, Keith Christie, Terry Brown, Bobby Wellins, Jimmy Skidmore, Joe Muddel, Roy Fox, Harry Roy, Long John Baldry, Alexis Korner and others. During the 1980s he was a member of Bill Le Sage's Bebop Preservation Society and until the onset of a lengthy illness he played in quintets led by Jack Honeyborne and Ken Baldock.

Discography
Sonny Stitt / Live at Ronnie Scott's (May 1965) - Dick Morrissey Quartet
Here and Now and Sounding Good! (September 1966) - Dick Morrissey Quartet
A Whiter Shade of Pale (April/May 1967) - Procol Harum
The Greatest Little Soul Band in the Land (1969) - J.J. Jackson
Live at the Bull - Tribute Vols. 1-2 (recorded live 1987/8 - released 2007): - Dick Morrissey, Spike Robinson, Bill Le Sage, Alec Dankworth, Bill Eyden and others.

References

1930 births
2004 deaths
People from Hounslow
English jazz drummers
British male drummers
British male jazz musicians
20th-century British male musicians

Bill Eyden