The Atari Microsoft BASIC and Atari Microsoft BASIC II variants of the 6502-version of Microsoft BASIC ported to the Atari 8-bit machines. The first version, released 1981, required 32 KB of RAM and was supplied on floppy disk. The second version, released the next year, had most of the code on a ROM cartridge with additional functions on an optional floppy.

Atari Microsoft BASIC was highly compatible with contemporary BASICs like AppleSoft BASIC and Commodore BASIC, in contrast to their own Atari BASIC which was a somewhat different dialect and incompatible in many ways. Like Atari BASIC, Atari Microsoft BASIC included a number of new commands and features to take advantage of the Atari platform. These were only partially compatible with the similar features of Atari BASIC.

History

When Microsoft ported their originally Intel 8080-based BASIC to the 6502, they took the time to expand the floating-point format from the original 32-bit format to an optional 40-bit format for improved accuracy. Both versions could be compiled from the same code by providing compiler flags; if the 32-bit format used the resulting code was just under 8 KB in length, if the 40-bit format was used, it was closer to 9 KB.

The Atari 8-bit home computers were designed with a slot for an 8 KB ROM cartridge. Atari's programmers struggled to fit Microsoft's BASIC into a single cartridge while also adding features to take advantage of the platform.  In the summer of 1978, Atari decided to outsource the porting effort so that BASIC would be ready in time for the 1979 launch of the system, and this led them to Shepardson Microsystems Inc. (SMI). SMI quickly decided the job was impossible, and instead proposed creating an entirely new version of BASIC. This became Atari BASIC and was released with the Atari 400 and 800 in 1979.

Atari continued working with the MS code and released a version of it on floppy disk in 1981. In addition to the extended range of standard commands in MS compared to Atari BASIC, the new version added a number of additional commands for graphics and sound and other features of the platform. It also included integer variables and a complete integer math package which offered improved performance. However, as it required at least 32 KB of RAM and only ran from a disk, it was never particularly popular.

A second release, Atari Microsoft BASIC II, moved most of the code onto an expanded 16 KB cartridge and placed an additional 11 KB of more rarely used code on disk, meaning that many programs intended for cross-platform use could now be run from the cartridge alone. Released in 1982, BASIC II also saw little real-world use.

Details
The underlying interpreter was based on the same 9 KB MOS 6502 code that also formed the basis of Commodore BASIC and AppleSoft BASIC, and was largely compatible with them. A key aspect of this was the string handling system, which was based on the same code as those platforms. In contrast, Atari BASIC used an entirely different system that treated strings as arrays of characters and was not compatible with, nor easily ported from, most other systems.

It retained the original 40-bit format floating-point arithmetic library that replaced the notoriously slow one in the system's operating system ROMs, and thus ran math code at the same speed as other platforms, and much faster than Atari BASIC. It also included an additional integer math package for added performance. The integer math system was triggered when the assignment was to an integer variable, or the literal values were all integers. If either was not true, the integer values would be converted to floating-point, use the floating-point code for the calculation, and then be converted back to integer for storage.

Another notable performance-related improvement was related to  loops. Atari BASIC performed these by placing the line number of the  on the execution stack, so when the associated  was encountered it could find which line to loop back to. In contrast, MS BASIC had always placed the memory location of that line on the stack, allowing it to jump back to the  without having to search through the entire program for the matching line. This oddity in Atari BASIC is one of the primary reasons for its slow performance, and because this was not true in Atari Microsoft BASIC, it generally ran much faster than Atari BASIC.

In contrast to Atari BASIC, which parsed and tokenized entire lines when they were typed in, MS BASICs only partially tokenized the source code. When a line was entered, the line number was converted from ASCII to a 16-bit integer, the first program statement was tokenized to a single-byte value, and then the rest of the line was left as text format. The last character had its high-bit set to indicate the end of the line. Depending on the use-case, Atari BASIC's complete tokenization of the line could result in less memory being used to store the program. This difference also meant that many syntax errors would only be noticed at runtime in the MS code, unlike the Atari version where the entire line was checked at edit time. In theory, edit-time compilation should have made Atari BASIC much faster than MS, which re-tokenizes the line every time it is encountered, but this advantage was washed away by the other performance issues noted above.

MS BASIC did not include a system for entering short forms of keywords, unlike Atari BASIC which allowed them to be abbreviated with a period during entry. When the program was ed, the keywords would be expanded out. Commodore's version which added control-character completion to the same end.

Atari Microsoft BASIC added a number of new features to take advantage of the platform. One interesting addition is  which waited for the specified number of "jiffies", 1/60ths of a second, and then performed the . It also included the  which instead paused while awaiting a memory address to change before proceeding to the next line.  had been part of the earliest versions of MS BASIC but not widely used.

Atari Microsoft BASIC included most of the graphics and sound commands from Atari BASIC. Oddly, the original  was merged into  using the optional  format. This means graphics code for Atari BASIC was not compatible. Atari Microsoft BASIC added a number of additional commands for handling player/missile graphics and user-defined character sets that were not available in Atari BASIC.

Atari Microsoft BASIC came in two packages:
 Floppy disk – CX8126
 ROM cartridge – RX8035. Since the cartridge could only hold 16 KB, the remaining 11 KB file was included on an "extension" disk. The cartridge version was called Atari Microsoft BASIC II.

Although more feature-filled than Atari BASIC, Microsoft BASIC never had the popularity that Atari BASIC had. The biggest problems were:
 increased memory needed (at least 32 KB)
 disk drive required
 performance (faster than Atari BASIC, but slower than Turbo-Basic XL and BASIC XL)
 not compatible with Atari BASIC
 added cost

The cartridge version eliminated the first two requirements, but a disk drive was needed for all of its features.

Notes

References

External links
AtariAge  Microsoft Basic II - RX8035
Antic Vol. 6, No. 2 BASIC Bonanza - Review by Charles Cherry
Atariwiki.org Atari Microsoft BASIC instruction manual

1982 software
Discontinued Microsoft BASICs
Atari 8-bit family software
BASIC programming language family
Microsoft programming languages

Atari Microsoft BASIC


Sir Edward Dalton Shea (June 29, 1820 – January 8, 1913) was a journalist and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Ferryland in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1855 to 1865 as a Liberal and then Conservative member.

Career
He was born in St. John's, the son of Henry Shea, an Irish-born merchant, and Eleanor Ryan. After completing his education, in 1836, he entered work in his father's business. In 1846, Shea became editor and publisher for The Newfoundlander, which had been previously edited by his brothers William Richard Shea and Ambrose Shea. He married Gertrude Corbett in 1849. Shea and his brother Ambrose became Conservatives in 1865 and he was named financial secretary for Newfoundland. In 1866, he was named to the Legislative Council of Newfoundland. Shea ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the assembly in 1873. In 1874, he was named colonial secretary. In 1886, he was named president of the Legislative Council, serving until 1912, and cashier for the Newfoundland Savings Bank, retaining that position until 1905. Shea was made a knight bachelor on 14 August 1902, after the honour had been announced in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902.

He died in St. John's at the age of 92 in 1913.

Family
His son, George Shea, also served in the Newfoundland assembly.

His daughter, Emily Shea, who was born and educated in Newfoundland, married, 1881, Captain Henry Moore Jackson, R.A., a son of the Bishop of Antigua. Emily's husband was created a C.M.G. in 1892, a K.C.M.G. in 1899, became Governor of the Leeward Islands in 1901, and Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific in 1902.

References

Members of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
Knights Bachelor
1820 births
1913 deaths
Politicians from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Members of the Legislative Council of Newfoundland
Dominion of Newfoundland politicians
Newfoundland Colony people
Colonial Secretaries of Newfoundland

Edward Dalton Shea


The George Enescu National University of Arts () is a public university in Iași, Romania, founded in 1860. It was named in honor of the composer George Enescu.

History
The institution was established on 1 October 1860, as the Music and Declamation School, by decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, followed 26 days later, by the foundation of the School for Sculpture and Painting. In October 1864, Cuza approved the Charter for the Music and Declamation Conservatory and the Charter for the National Schools of Fine Arts (establishing the departments of painting, sculpture, gravure, architecture and the art of landscape architecture).

In 1931, the Conservatory and the School of Fine Arts became the Academy of Music and Dramatic Art of Iași, which soon adopted the name George Enescu, and the Iași Academy of Fine Arts, respectively.

After World War II, under the communist regime, the two academies were integrated as the George Enescu Conservatory. Having reverted to the name George Enescu Academy of Art, the institution was regrouped, in 1992, to focus on visual arts, theatre, and music. In 1997, its current name, George Enescu University of Arts, was adopted.

Structure
Faculties
 Faculty of Music Performance, Composition, and Music Studies
 Theatre Faculty
 Faculty of Visual Arts and Design

Professors and alumni

Călin Alupi
Corneliu Baba
Gheorghe Panaiteanu Bardasare
Octav Băncilă
Anda-Louise Bogza
Ștefan Ciubotărașu
Hariclea Darclée
Ștefan Dimitrescu
Petre Hârtopeanu
Ion Irimescu
Ernest Maftei

Ion Mateescu
Nelly Miricioiu
Mihai Nechita
Camil Ressu
Didia Saint Georges
Constantin Daniel Stahi
Nicolae Tonitza
Tudor Zbârnea

See also

Iași "Moldova" Philharmonic Orchestra
Iași Romanian National Opera

References

External links

Official website
Balș House at arhitectura-1906.ro

Art schools in Romania
Culture of Romania
Universities and colleges established in 1860
George Enescu National University of Arts
Culture in Iași
Arts organizations established in the 1860s
1860 establishments in Romania


Thomas "Bones" Malone (born June 16, 1947) is an American jazz musician, arranger, and producer. As his nickname implies, he specializes on the trombone but he also plays saxophone, trumpet, tuba, flute, and bass guitar. He has been a member of The Blues Brothers, Saturday Night Live Band, Blood, Sweat & Tears, and the CBS Orchestra, the house band for the Late Show with David Letterman.

Early life
Malone was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His father, Odie Malone, was a U.S. Navy pilot who survived the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Malone graduated from North Texas State University with Lou Marini, who would also become a member of the Blues Brothers band. Both were members of the One O'Clock Lab Band at North Texas.

Career
He began playing professionally as lead trumpeter for Brenda Lee at a club in Jackson, Mississippi while enrolled at the University of Southern Mississippi. In response to a call from Warren Covington, leader of the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra, he began contracting musicians. After transferring to North Texas State University, Malone continued working as both a player and a contractor for groups.

After graduation, Malone worked in bands of Woody Herman (1969), Duke Pearson (1970), Louie Bellson (1971), Doc Severinsen, Frank Zappa (1972), and Blood, Sweat & Tears (1973). In 1973, Malone began a close, fifteen-year association with Gil Evans, whom he has called a mentor. He recorded albums with Evans and toured Europe, Japan, and the Far East. In 1975 Malone toured with Billy Cobham and in 1976 with The Band. He also contributed to the band Blood, Sweat & Tears on their albums 3 and 4.

After he was heard performing with Ten Wheel Drive and Genya Ravan, he received a call from Saturday Night Live a late-night comedy television program. From 1975 to 1985 he worked as arranger for Saturday Night Live and from 1981 to 1985 as musical director. He wrote the chart for the skit that introduced  John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as the Blues Brothers. He appeared in the movie version and in 1993 reunited with Paul Shaffer, who worked for Saturday Night Live, and Will Lee, who was a member of the CBS Orchestra. He worked on the film score for Blues Brothers 2000. He joined the CBS Orchestra on November 1, 1993, and contributed more than 1,600 arrangements to the Late Show with David Letterman.

As a studio musician, he has been heard on more than 1,000 records, more than 3000 radio and television commercials, and over 4,000 live television shows. He has played themes for CBS This Morning, Murder, She Wrote, and the 1992 Winter Olympics. His solo album, Soul Bones, includes guest appearances by Paul Shaffer and John Popper of Blues Traveler. Additional film credits include The Last Waltz and Sister Act.

In 2007 Malone was invited by music director Geoffrey Moull to arrange and perform a concert with the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra. In 2011 Malone was guest artist with the University of Southern Mississippi Symphony Orchestra.

Discography

As leader
 Standards of Living (Big World Music, 1991)

As sideman
With The Blues Brothers
 Briefcase Full of Blues (Atlantic, 1978)
 The Blues Brothers (Atlantic, 1980)
 Made in America (Atlantic, 1981)
 Blues Brothers 2000 (Uptown/Universal, 1999)

With Gil Evans
 The Gil Evans Orchestra Plays the Music of Jimi Hendrix (RCA, 1974)
 There Comes a Time (RCA, 1976)
 Live at Sweet Basil (King/Electric Bird, 1985)
 Live at Sweet Basil Vol. 2 (King/Electric Bird, 1986)

With Woody Herman
 Heavy Exposure (Cadet, 1969)
 Double Exposure (Chess, 1976)

With Spyro Gyra
 Morning Dance (Infinity, 1979)
 Catching the Sun (MCA, 1980)
 Carnaval (MCA, 1980)
 Freetime (MCA, 1981)

With Frank Zappa
 Zappa in New York (WEA, 1977)
 Leatherette (Lunar Toones, 1978)
 Imaginary Diseases (Zappa, 2006)
 Wazoo (Zappa, 2007)

With others
 Jan Akkerman, Jan Akkerman 3 (Atlantic, 1979)
 Average White Band, Warmer Communications (Atlantic, 1978)
 The Band, Islands (Capitol, 1977)
 The Band, The Last Waltz (Warner Bros., 1978)
 Gato Barbieri, Ruby, Ruby (A&M, 1977)
 Bob Belden, Purple Rain (Somethin' Else, 1994)
 Bob Belden, When Doves Cry (Metro Blue, 1994)
 George Benson, In Your Eyes (Warner Bros., 1983)
 Carla Bley, Night-glo WATT (Works/ECM, 1985)
 Blood, Sweat & Tears, No Sweat (Columbia, 1973)
 Hiram Bullock, World of Collision (Big World Music, 1994)
 Hiram Bullock, Try Livin' It (ESC, 2003)
 David Byrne, Rei Momo (Luaka Bop, 1989)
 Ron Carter, Parade (Milestone, 1979)
 Stanley Clarke, Journey to Love (Nemperor, 1975)
 Stanley Clarke, School Days (Epic, 1991)
 Billy Cobham, A Funky Thide of Sings (Atlantic, 1975)
 Willie Colón, The Good, the Bad, the Ugly (Fania, 1975)
 Paulinho da Costa, Happy People (Pablo, 1979)
 Jorge Dalto, Chevere (United Artists, 1976)
 Eumir Deodato, Very Together (MCA, 1976)
 Fania All-Stars, Spanish Fever (Columbia, 1978)
 Robben Ford, The Inside Story (Elektra, 1979)
 Aretha Franklin, Get It Right (Arista, 1983)
 Michael Franks, Tiger in the Rain (Warner Bros., 1979)
 The J. Geils Band, Freeze-Frame (EMI, 1981)
 Levon Helm, Levon Helm and the RCO All-Stars (ABC, 1977)
 Levon Helm, Levon Helm (ABC, 1978)
 Terumasa Hino, Daydream (Flying Disk, 1980)
 Janis Ian, Aftertones (Columbia, 1975)
 James Ingram, Never Felt So Good (Qwest, 1986)
 Joe Jackson, Will Power (A&M, 1987)
 Garland Jeffreys, Guts for Love (Epic, 1982)
 Chaka Khan, Destiny (Warner Bros., 1986)
 B. B. King, There Must Be a Better World Somewhere (MCA, 1981)
 Al Kooper, Soul of a Man: Al Kooper Live (MusicMasters, 1995)
 Hubert Laws, Say It with Silence (Columbia, 1978)
 Webster Lewis, On the Town (Epic, 1976)
 Ralph MacDonald, Counterpoint (Marlin, 1979)
 Chuck Mangione, Main Squeeze (A&M, 1976)
 Herbie Mann, Astral Island (Atlantic, 1983)
 David Matthews, Dune (CTI, 1977)
 Paul Mauriat, Overseas Call (Philips, 1978)
 Marilyn McCoo & Billy Davis Jr., Marilyn & Billy (Columbia, 1978)
 Van McCoy, My Favorite Fantasy (MCA, 1978)
 Jimmy McGriff, The Mean Machine (Groove Merchant, 1976)
 Carmen McRae, Ms. Magic (Del Rack, 1986)
 Meat Loaf, Dead Ringer (Cleveland/Epic, 1981)
 Pat Metheny, Secret Story (Geffen, 1992)
 Bette Midler, Thighs and Whispers (Atlantic, 1979)
 Barry Miles, Sky Train (RCA Victor, 1977)
 Bob Mintzer, Source (Agharta, 1982)
 Elliott Murphy, Night Lights (RCA Victor, 1976)
 Chico O'Farrill, Latin Roots (Philips, 1976)
 Charlie Palmieri, Con Salsa y Sabor (Cotique, 1977)
 Lou Reed, New Sensations (RCA Victor, 1984)
 Buddy Rich, Speak No Evil (RCA Victor, 1976)
 Vicki Sue Robinson, Never Gonna Let You Go (RCA Victor, 1976)
 Dom Um Romao, Hotmosphere (Pablo, 1976)
 David Sanborn, Taking Off (Warner Bros., 1975)
 David Sanborn, Heart to Heart (Warner Bros., 1990)
 Mongo Santamaria, Afro-Indio (Vaya, 1975)
 Saturday Night Live Band, Live from New York! (ProJazz 1986)
 Saturday Night Live Band, Jupiter (Electric Bird, 1987)
 Paul Shaffer, Coast to Coast (Capitol, 1989)
 Marlena Shaw, Take a Bite (Columbia, 1979)
 Carly Simon, Spy (Elektra, 1979)
 Lonnie Liston Smith, Exotic Mysteries (Columbia, 1978)
 Jeremy Steig, Firefly (CTI, 1977)
 Jim Steinman, Bad for Good (Epic/Cleveland, 1981)
 Joss Stone, Mind (Body & Soul, 2004)
 Tina Turner, Love Explosion (United Artists, 1979)
 Stanley Turrentine, The Man with the Sad Face (Fantasy, 1976)
 Bonnie Tyler, Holding Out for a Hero (CBS/Sony, 1984)
 Luther Vandross, Forever, for Always, for Love (Epic, 1982)
 Jeremy Wall, Stepping to the New World (Amherst, 1992)
 Bruce Willis, If It Don't Kill You It Just Makes You Stronger (Motown, 1989)
 Wing and a Prayer Fife and Drum Corps, Babyface Strikes Back (Wing and a Prayer, 1977)
 Johnny Winter, Step Back (Megaforce, 2014)

References

External links
 Tom Malone profile at AllAboutJazz.com

1947 births
Living people
Musicians from Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Musicians from Honolulu
21st-century trombonists
American jazz trombonists
American trombonists
Blood, Sweat & Tears members
Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band members
Jazz musicians from Mississippi
American male jazz musicians
Male trombonists
Saturday Night Live Band members
The Blues Brothers members
University of North Texas College of Music alumni
University of Southern Mississippi alumni

Tom Malone (musician)


Egmore is a neighbourhood of Chennai, India. Situated on the northern banks of the Coovum River, Egmore is an important residential area as well as a commercial and transportation hub. The Egmore Railway Station was the main terminus of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway and later, the metre gauge section of the Southern division of the Indian Railways. It continues to be an important railway junction. The Government Museum, Chennai is also situated in Egmore. Other important institutions based in Egmore include the Government Women and Children's Hospital, the Tamil Nadu State Archives and the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department.  The Wesley Church, Egmore is the oldest church of the region.

History

The earliest references to Egmore occur in the inscriptions of the Chola king Kulothunga I. Under the Chola Empire, Egmore was the headquarters of an administrative division or Nadu called Elumbur Nadu. An inscription of the Nellore Chola king Vijaya Kanda Gopal dated 2 September 1264 speaks of a village in Elumur-Tudarmuni Nadu in Pulal Kottam. A Vijayanagar period inscription of Sriranganatha Yadavaraya records an endowment to a monastery in Thiruvottriyur by a resident of Serruppedu (identified with the present day Chetpet) in Elumur-Tudarmuni Nadu.

Egmore is the Anglicised form of "Ezhumbur", the name of a pre-British era village situated on the northern banks of the River.
Despite the fact that Egmore had been a part of the East India Company's possessions since 1720, it was not until the "Golden age of British rule" stretching from 1858 to 1947 that Egmore witnessed some real growth. The Egmore Museum was one of the first notable monuments to be constructed here. The construction of this famous landmark was undertaken immediately after the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. The Connemara Library was created as an annex housing the Museum's vast book collection and became operational in 1896.

Egmore, in 1796, was the site of the Military Male Orphan Asylum near Madras. This asylum was headed by Andrew Bell, who invented the Madras System for schooling there.

Various buildings

 Chennai Egmore railway station
 Office of the commissioner of Greater Chennai Police department.
 Spencer Plaza
 Prince Plaza
 Hotel Chennai Gate
 Hotel Taj Connemara
 Hotel Ambassador Pallava
 Hotel Westin Park
 Hotel Ashoka
 Parsn Towers
 Madras Studio
 Rajarathinam Stadium
 Mayor Radhakrishnan Hockey Stadium
 Sri Lanka Maha Bodhi Centre

Churches
 St Andrew's Church, Chennai (an old Scottish Presbyterian Church commonly referred to as the 'Kirk')
 Good Shepherd's Convent
 Wesley Church, a Methodist church on the Poonamallee High Road. The church was established and consecrated in 1905 on the site of a garden house purchased by the Mission in 1892.

Education
 Connemara Public Library, one of the biggest libraries in India
 The National Art Gallery (Chennai)
 Government Museum, Chennai
 Directorate of Public Instruction (DPI)
 Women's Christian College
 Ethiraj College for Women
 Don Bosco Higher Secondary School
 Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai
 Madras School of Social Work

Politics

State assembly politics

Egmore has been a stronghold for Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), ever since the party's creation. Other than barely losing to Congress in 1962 election, it has consistently voted for DMK, even during times of low popularity for the DMK. However it is worth noting, that recently the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK), have made significant in-grounds, like they have in many localities around Chennai, which used to be DMK strongholds. Egmore is also 1 of the two total constituents won by DMK in 1991 election. This constituent is reserved for scheduled caste.  This is also the first MLA seat held by K Anbazhagan, when he won it in 1957 election.
 Note: In 1989, ADMK was split between Janaki faction and Jayalalithaa faction, and only the Jayalalithaa faction is reported in the ADMK column since they were the highest vote getter from the divided faction. The Janaki faction got 4,293, which is about 5.6% of the voters.

Lok Sabha politics
Egmore assembly constituency is part of Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency).

Transport

Egmore Railway Station is the second most important in the state of Tamil Nadu after the Chennai Central Railway Station. It was constructed in 1908 and functioned as the headquarters of the now defunct Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway till 1951.

Egmore is well connected to other parts of the city. Many of the state-run Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) buses run through Egmore. Egmore has its own suburban train station on the Chennai Beach - Tambaram railway line, which connects it to other parts of the city.

Geolocation

References

External links
 GeoHack - Egmore

 Chennai

Central business districts in India
Neighbourhoods in Chennai

Egmore


Bean is the name used for the seeds of plants. Most of these plants are known as legumes. Their scientific name is Fabaceae. Common beans, lentils, soybeans, peas are some types of beans.  Beans contain a lot of fibre. They are also high in protein. Vetches and lupins are all in that group of plants but not all legumes are edible. Laburnums for example are very poisonous as are some lupins.

The seeds of other plants (which are not Fabaceae), are sometimes also called beans. This is mostly because they look like true beans. Example for such beans are Coffee beans, Cocoa beans, and Vanilla beans.

Gallery

Bean


The Government Palace of Chihuahua (Palacio de Gobierno de Chihuahua) is a 19th-century building in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Located in the heart of the city, it is of special interest since it houses the executive offices of the governor of the state of Chihuahua and, until 2004, the state legislature met here. The building is a landmark in the city as it contains a shrine  commemorating the execution of Miguel Hidalgo, considered the Father of the Country, who died at the hands of a Spanish firing squad on July 30, 1811.  The Altar de la Patria, or Altar of the Fatherland is located at the exact spot where Miguel Hidalgo died.

History

Originally, a Jesuit College stood on the site. In 1767 the Society of Jesus was expelled from New Spain, and the building remained abandoned until it was converted into a military hospital in 1790, and was acquired by the Federal Government in 1859 after the Laws of Reform had been passed by the liberal regime of President Benito Juárez.

The old building was razed in 1878 after being turned over to the State Government, and the new Government Palace was begun in 1881 under the administration of Governor Luis Terrazas and placed under the supervision of Engineer-Architect Pedro Ignacio Irigoyen, with the assistance of Enrique Esperón and Carlos Moreno.  A new street was opened and the old site of the Jesuit College was divided into two squares by Calle Libertad. The Government Palace occupies the lot south of Libertad, while on the northern side of the street stood the Chihuahua Federal Branch Mint, built after the demolition of the former college, demolished in turn in 1908, and is now the site of the Museo Casa Chihuahua, once the Federal Palace of Chihuahua, which was itself inaugurated in 1910.

It took almost ten years to complete the work, and on September 11, 1891, the building was ready for occupancy, being officially inaugurated on June 1, 1892, by Governor Lauro Carrillo. The palace had originally two stories and was built in neoclassic style from limestone. Its cost was put at  $388,130.19 (pesos).

On Saturday, June 21, 1941, the palace suffered extensive damage by fire which gutted the structure; however, it was totally restored and a third floor was added, and the building was re-inaugurated in 1947. The project of reconstruction was done under the charge of Engineers Enrique Miller, Manuel O'Reilly and Carlos Ochoa.

In 1959, then-Governor Teofilo Borunda ordered the decoration of some of the first-floor inside walls with a series of murals illustrating the history and the economy of the state. Muralist Aarón Piña Mora was chosen to do the work and the first panel to be painted was the one illustrating the death of Miguel Hidalgo.  When President Adolfo López Mateos visited the city in 1962 he recommended that the work continue.  The entire first floor and part of the second floor are now covered with murals painted by one of Mexico's renowned muralists.

Architecture
The palace is designed and decorated in the neoclassic style, with the first floor of the Doric order, the second of the Ionic and the third a hybrid style. The Patio Central was decorated with a sculpture which represents the four races of humanity; however it eventually was moved to El Parque España, one of the parks in the city centre.

In 2004 under the administration of Governor Patricio Martinez the Government Palace was restored and such features as the State Coat of Arms was added and the sculpture of 'The Four Races' was installed once again in the Central Patio. A statue of Miguel Hidalgo was also erected.

Gallery

References

Palaces in Mexico
Buildings and structures in Chihuahua (state)
Landmarks in Chihuahua (state)
Monuments and memorials in Mexico
Chihuahua City

Government Palace of Chihuahua


Leon Albert "Jake" "The Bullfrog" Swirbul (March 18, 1898 – June 28, 1960), was an aviation pioneer and co-founder of Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation.

Biography
Swirbul was born in the Yorkville section of Manhattan. His parents Frederiks Zvirbulis and Lena (Dannenberga) Zvirbule were immigrants from Latvia. His family moved to Long Island when he was a child. He grew up in Sag Harbor and graduated from Pierson High School. He attended Cornell University until 1917 when he left school to enlist in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Jake Swirbul and Leroy Grumman met in 1924 at Loening Aeronautical Engineering Co. in New York City, one of the many small aircraft firms that sprang up after World War I. When the firm's Manhattan factory was closed after its sale to Keystone Aircraft in 1929, Swirbul and Grumman decided to form their own company. Grumman mortgaged his house to contribute $16,875, and Swirbul contributed $8,125. Two other Loening employees, William Schwendler and Edmund Ward Poor, contributed a little and former Wall Street banker E. Clinton Towl made up the fifth employee of Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, formed January 2, 1930. Swirbul was the production manager, who understood the dynamics of mass production. He was responsible for the huge output of World War II and was equally adept in ramping down production at the end of the war to ensure the company's survival. Jake found his solutions on a personal, rather than an abstract level. He was always known as a hands on  manager who could get the most out of his workers while treating them with friendship and respect. While Roy Grumman was always referred to as "Mr. Grumman", Jake was always Jake and could be seen out on the shop floor conversing with his men, while checking progress. Grumman was the only manufacturer to start the 1950s in the black. Jake Swirbul died of pneumonia while ill with colon cancer on June 28, 1960, shortly after Grumman began work on the Gemini program and one month after the roll-out ceremony for the A-6 Intruder.

The Swirbul Library at Adelphi University is named in his honor.

References

Notes

Bibliography

 The Grumman Story, by Richard Thruelsen. 1976, Praeger Publishers.

External links

Raising Grumman: How Leroy Grumman and Jake Swirbul built a high-flying company from the ground up.

1898 births
1960 deaths
People from Yorkville, Manhattan
American people of Latvian descent
People from Sag Harbor, New York
Cornell University alumni
United States Marines
Aviation pioneers
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from pneumonia in New York (state)

Jake Swirbul


Gmina Sarnaki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Sarnaki, which lies approximately  north-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 5,250 (4,996 in 2014).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Podlasie Bug Gorge Landscape Park.

Villages
Gmina Sarnaki contains the villages and settlements of Binduga, Bonin, Bonin-Ogródki, Borsuki, Bużka, Chlebczyn, Chybów, Franopol, Grzybów, Hołowczyce-Kolonia, Horoszki Duże, Horoszki Małe, Klepaczew, Klimczyce, Klimczyce-Kolonia, Kózki, Mierzwice-Kolonia, Nowe Hołowczyce, Nowe Litewniki, Nowe Mierzwice, Płosków, Płosków-Kolonia, Raczki, Rozwadów, Rzewuszki, Serpelice, Stare Hołowczyce, Stare Litewniki, Stare Mierzwice, Terlików and Zabuże.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Sarnaki is bordered by the gminas of Konstantynów, Mielnik, Platerów, Siemiatycze and Stara Kornica.

References

Polish official population figures 2006

Sarnaki
Łosice County

Gmina Sarnaki


Bratislava signed its first town twinning agreement with Perugia in 1962. Beside some of the towns mentioned below, the city later signed partnership agreements with Ho Chi Minh City, Alexandria, Thessaloniki, Larnaca, Rousse, Székesfehérvár and Yerevan.

After political changes at the end of the 1980s, some of the partnerships declined or were stopped, but on the other hand, new partnerships emerged as the result, and the city signed agreements with Graz, Vienna, Karlsruhe, Ulm, Regensburg, Prague, Ostrava, Budapest, Namur, Jerusalem and many other cities. Bratislava also participates in international organizations such as the Union of the Capitals of the European Union, Eurocities, and the Strasbourg Club.

References

History of Bratislava
Bratislava
Bratislava

International relations of Bratislava


The Mixed Service Organisation (MSO) was a civilian arm of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) which employed displaced persons as drivers, clerks, mechanics and guards. Originally formed as Watchman and labour units in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War the MSO employed citizens of Eastern European nations occupied by the Soviets. These former prisoners of war, concentration camp inmates and forced labourers were left in western sectors of occupied Germany at the end of the war and chose not to return to their countries of origin. Whilst some displaced persons only worked with the organisation for a short time others stayed until retirement age. The MSO was organised in a structure similar to British Colonial Units, with a British Commanding Officer and senior Non-commissioned officers operating over a 'native' officer and NCO structure. Whilst the Transport Service was disbanded in the late 1980s the MSO Guard and Labour Services continued into the 1990s using guest labour from Turkey, Pakistan and other Non-EU Countries. There was also a contingency of ex British soldiers, most of whom were married to German girls,  unemployed northern English men from Liverpool and Manchester  a Scot as well as a sole French foreign legionnaire prior to its disbandment.

Members of the MSO were known affectionately as "Mojos" by British servicemen.

Composition
The MSO was divided into several specialist services:

MSO Armed Guard Service, guarding army installations (wore navy blue Battle Dress uniforms and armed with obsolete .303 calibre Lee–Enfield rifles)

MSO Dog Handlers, guarding army installations.

MSO Labour Service, providing manual labour, controlled by the Royal Pioneer Corps.

MSO Transport Service, driving 4 and 10 ton lorries, coaches and tank transporters, controlled by the Royal Army Service Corps then the Royal Corps of Transport.

References

External links
 Support Organisation & Mixed Services Organisations
 Photo of the last muster parade of the MSO in the BAOR, 31 March 1987
 Memories of encountering an MSO driver in 1966
 Photo of an MSO guard of honour, 1957

British administrative corps
British Army deployments
British forces in Germany
Allied occupation of Germany
Germany–United Kingdom bilateral relations organisations

Mixed Service Organisation


The Teka Group is a multinational company founded in Germany in 1924 and engaged in the manufacture and commercialisation of kitchen products. It specializes in sinks, exhaust hoods, hobs and ovens. The group has 14 factories in Europe, America and Asia and commercializes its products in 116 countries. The company has a workforce of 4,700 employees worldwide. Its products range from sinks and taps to ovens, induction hobs, extractor hoods and washing machines, among other electrical appliances.

Maximilian Brönner is the Chairman of HERITAGE B, the holding to which the company belongs. Arturo Baldasano is the Chairman of Teka Industrial, S.A. Stefan Hoetzl is the CEO of Teka Group.

Expansion

Since Teka set up in Spain in 1964, the group has expanded from Europe to the five continents. At the end of 2013, Peru became the 33rd country to have its own Teka offices. Years earlier, it began making inroads in China  where it now has a presence in several cities such as Kaiping, Weihai, and Shanghai. The Teka Group is growing rapidly in Asia through its subsidiaries in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, China and Vietnam; in the Middle East, from its base in the Arab Emirates; Turkey and South America. It has launched a development plan in Africa, which includes both Maghreb and the south of the continent. In 2016 the Teka brand was relaunched in Australia & New Zealand through a partnership with local distributor Residentia Group.

The group's sales in Europe account for 80% of its turnover, followed by America and the Asia-Pacific region.

Activities

Teka Group activity is mainly based on kitchen and bath areas.

The company manufactures induction cooktops, glass-ceramic hobs, gas cooktops, ovens, microwaves and extractor hoods. It also produces and distributes kitchen and bathroom taps and bathroom fittings for public facilities and homes. The Teka Group commercializes its products under the brands Teka, Küppersbusch, Mofém, Thor and Vitrogar.

Main companies
Teka Group is the multinational's largest company. Since its early stages, its production has focused mainly on the manufacture of stainless steel sinks, kitchens, ovens and extractor hoods. One of Teka's most important business areas is in the "White Goods Line", which refers to kitchen-related electrical appliances such as washing machines, refrigerators, freezers and dishwashers, among others. Since the outset, Teka has committed to integrating electrical appliances into kitchen furniture, a practice known as built-in or fitted kitchens. It has factories in Germany, Spain, Gafanha da Encarnação (Portugal), Italy, Scandinavia, Hungary, Mexico, Venezuela, Turkey, Indonesia and China.

Through its Vitrogar brand name, it enamel-coats both ovens and glass ceramic hobs, and is a noted supplier of ceramic glazed parts for cooling thermal power plants. It has factories in Weihai, China.

The company's Intra division is of Scandinavian origin, and manufactures sinks, sanitary components and stainless steel accessories for kitchens and bathrooms. It was founded in 1870. The company started designing and manufacturing washing sinks in stainless steel, and changed its name to Intra in the 1970s. The company expanded to kitchen products as well as other bathroom products, and hired industrial designers. In the 1980s it moved to Storsand in Malvik. The owners also bought a Swedish and a Danish company, creating the Intra Group. Intra's products are characterized by their unique design and are sold worldwide, though its main markets are in Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

Küppersbusch is a kitchen brand founded in 1875 by Friedrich Küppersbusch.  It manufactures and sells electrical appliances for domestic kitchens. Its main service area is central Europe.

Strohm, founded in 2018, is an important provider of high-quality, design-oriented fittings for bathrooms. The company, spun off from the TEKA Group beginning of 2020, employs more than 500 employees worldwide. The diverse product range is manufactured in the two Strohm production facilities in Hungary and China and sold in over 50 countries on 4 continents.

Sports sponsorship

The Teka Group sponsors Racing de Santander, the first Spanish football team to have advertising on their uniforms. The company sponsored Real Madrid for eight years, during which time the team won two UEFA Champions Leagues and one Intercontinental Cup. It also sponsored the CB Cantabria handball team, the Teka Cycling Sports Group and in the Teka Suzuki Motocross Team. For several years, it also sponsored the World MX1 Motocross Championship.

In 2010, it was a sponsor in the second edition of the Barcelona World Race with a yacht that came second in a non-stop regatta for two crew members worldwide. The company also sponsors polo and motor racing (2013 Dakar Rally), both in Chile. It was a sponsor at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi supporting the Hungarian two-time medal winner Imre Pulai in the luge event.

Real Madrid Basket

Teka restarted its support of Real Madrid on 1 July 2014 by signing a sponsorship deal with Real Madrid Baloncesto for the following three seasons. Teka, who had been previously connected to the club having won major titles such as Euroleague 1995, 3 Spanish leagues, 1 Copa del Rey and 1 European cup, added to its previous wins the Endesa Super Cup 2014, when Real beat FC Barcelona Basquet 99-78.

Artistic sponsorships
Since 2020, Teka sponsors the tour Gastronomy at the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid, composed of 17 works ranging from the 15th to the 20th century and representing gastronomy as a source of pleasure and emotions. In addition, Teka is present as a sponsor in one of the main museums of Modern Art in Latin America (the MAMBA). During 2019 and 2020, Teka has sponsored different modern art exhibitions, by artists such as Sergio De Loof, Alberto Greco or Lea Lublin.

Since 2019, Teka is the main sponsor of the European Museum of Modern Art, located in the heart of the Born district of Barcelona, where it carries out an active cultural dissemination through activities such as art exhibitions, shows or concerts.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 1924
Home appliance manufacturers of Spain
German brands
Spanish brands
Home appliance manufacturers of Germany
1924 establishments in Germany
Companies based in Hesse
Companies based in Cantabria

Teka


Queen Anne can mean:
 Anne, Queen of Great Britain (1665–1714), queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (1702–1707) and of Great Britain (1707–1714)
Queen Anne style architecture, an architectural style from her reign, and its revivals
Queen Anne style furniture
Queen Anne (play), a 2015 play on Anne's life
Queen Anne's War during her reign
MS Queen Anne Ship named after the Monarch

Other queens called Anne, Ann or Anna
Anna Jagiellon (1523–1596), queen of Poland
Anna Pavlovna of Russia (1795–1865), queen of the Netherlands
Anne Boleyn (1501/7–1536), queen of England
Anne Neville (1456–1485), queen of England
Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland (1573–1598), queen of Poland and Sweden
Anne of Austria (1601–1666), queen of France
Anne of Bohemia (1290–1313), queen of Bohemia
Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547), queen of Hungary, Germany and Bohemia
Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394), queen of England
Anne of Brittany (1477–1514), queen of France
Anne of Cleves (1515–1557), queen of England
Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain (1549-1580)
Anne of Denmark (1574–1619), queen of Scotland and England
Anne of Foix-Candale (1484–1506), queen of Hungary and Bohemia
Anne of Kiev (c. 1024–1075), queen of France
Queen Ann (Pamunkey chief) (c. 1650–c. 1725), Native American tribal leader in colonial Virginia
Queen Anne of Romania (1923–2016)
Queen Anna of Arendelle, a name given to Anna at the end of the 2019 Disney film Frozen II

Places
Queen Anne, Maryland, on Maryland's Eastern Shore
Queen Anne, Prince George's County, Maryland, census-designated place on the Patuxent River
Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Queen Anne, Seattle, Washington

Related pages
Queen Anne-Marie of Greece (born 1946), queen of Greece

Queen Anne


This is a list of schools in Jersey. It includes non-fee paying schools, States' fee paying schools and private schools.

Primary schools

Non-fee paying primary schools

Bel Royal School
D'Auvergne School
Grands Vaux School
Grouville School
First Tower School
Janvrin School
La Moye School
Les Landes School
Mont Nicolle School
Plat Douet School
Rouge Bouillon School
St Clement's School
St John's School
St Lawrence School
St Luke's School
St Martin's School
St Mary's School
St Peter's School
St Saviour's School
Samares School
Springfield School
Trinity School

States' fee paying primary schools
Jersey College Preparatory School
Victoria College for Boys Preparatory School

Private primary schools
Beaulieu Convent School
De La Salle College
FCJ Primary School
Helvetia House School
St George's Preparatory School
St Michael's Preparatory School
St Christopher's Preparatory School

Secondary schools

Non-fee paying secondary schools
Grainville School
Haute Valleé School
Hautlieu School (selective intake)
Le Rocquier School
Les Quennevais School

States' fee paying secondary schools
Jersey College for Girls
Victoria College (for boys)

Private secondary schools
Beaulieu Convent School
De La Salle College

See also

Education in Jersey
Highlands College, Jersey

References

Jersey
Schools

List of schools in Jersey


Abdullah Kiğılı (born 1943 in Malatya) is a Turkish businessman. He originates from Kiğı, Bingöl and his family name Kiğılı means "person from Kiğı".

Kiğılı is owner of the  company, one of the leading clothing brands in Turkey, founded in 1965. He is a graduate of Istanbul High School.

He serves as the vice-president of Fenerbahçe SK since 22 May 2009 and also been board member between 14 June 1998 – 20 February 2000.

He was elected President of the Turkish Football Federation, serving between 9 September and 23 October 1997.

References

External links
Official Web Page of Abdullah Kiğılı Brand
Online Abdullah Kiğılı Brand Web Page

1943 births
Living people
People from Malatya
Fenerbahçe S.K. board members
Turkish businesspeople
Istanbul High School alumni
Turkish Football Federation presidents

Abdullah Kiğılı


Silvertide is an American rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

History
Originally named Vertigo, Silvertide was formed in January 2001 in Northeast Philadelphia.  At first, the band was signed by J Records, and they released their first EP American Excess in 2002.  Their first full album, Show and Tell, was released in 2004 and produced by David Ivory.

After completion of their debut album in 2003, Silvertide hit the road and toured straight until 2006, most notably in support of Van Halen, Velvet Revolver, and Mötley Crüe in the summer of 2004, and Alter Bridge in 2005.  On March 4, 2005, the band performed their single "Blue Jeans" on an episode of Jimmy Kimmel Live.

In 2006, M. Night Shyamalan featured Silvertide in his film Lady in the Water. Silvertide was featured on the soundtrack with their covers of Bob Dylan's "Maggie's Farm" and "It Ain't Me, Babe".

In February 2006 the band made their second appearance on the cover of Origivation Magazine. The photoshoot took place while the band was in preproduction for their next album.

Silvertide continued to play shows after the temporary departure of lead guitarist and founding member Nick Perri decided to hit the road with Perry Farrell, Shinedown, and Matt Sorum. Guitarist "Evil Rob", also from the Philadelphia-based band Pepper's Ghost and long time friend of the band, was called to fill in for Perri on numerous occasions.

Silvertide's future soon came into doubt as news of their new album had slowed down, and the band had updated their Myspace page to show their record label as "We think J Records?"  Eventually, a few members of Silvertide began to pursue other projects including Walt Lafty and Brian Weaver's band Automatic Fire, Walt and Nick Perri's band SINAI, and various solo releases.  In 2011, J Records was dissolved into RCA Records, at which time Silvertide was no longer listed on the label's roster.

In October, 2012, Silvertide created a new Facebook page and began posting old band photos, as well as hints of a potential reunion.  On November 2, the band posted an announcement that Silvertide "will be making music in 2013."  On January 9, 2013 Silvertide announced on WMMR that they are going to play a reunion show on March 9, 2013 at The TLA and enter the studio sometime after that show. Walt also said during the reunion show that it was being recorded by "Puffy" Dee Miller for Silversound Productions. Cinematographers consisted of Chris Lonergan, George Morgan, Burke Pushman and Bryan Skill. What is being done with the video is unknown at this point. The show on March 9 was the first of a handful of shows the band performed in 2013.

Other projects

January 22, 2009 vocalist Walt Lafty and bassist Brian Weaver of Silvertide started a new band called Automatic Fire with guitarist Evil Rob of the band Peppers Ghost alongside drummer Brian Kilian from the Dave Pittinger Band.  In early 2010, Automatic Fire released an EP titled No Decoy.  The album featured a song titled "What Are You Made Of", which Silvertide had performed at some of their final shows in 2008.  The band was dissolved in September 2010.

In October 2010 it was announced that former Silvertide members Nick Perri and Walt Lafty had reunited for the first time since Silvertide to form the new rock band SINAI. On May 1, 2012, the band released their debut album, A Pinch of Chaos. After this band disbanded, Nick formed the band Mount Holly, which disbanded on November 3, 2017. On January 2, 2018, Nick's latest project, The Underground Thieves, which features Walt and Brian Weaver, was announced.

Discography

Albums
American Excess (EP) (2002)
Show and Tell (2004)

Singles

References

External links

Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
American post-grunge musical groups

Silvertide


The Obong of Calabar is the traditional ruler and custodian of the culture of the Efik people of Western Africa. The Obong is referred to as a natural ruler (because his kingdom predates the Nigerian state), treaty King (because he signed sovereign treaties with other world powers), grand patriarch of the Efik Kingdom and later bestowed with the additional title of defender of the Christian faith by a British monarch owing to the Obong's documented efforts in helping the spread of christianity in his domain.  The Efik people are dispersed and settled in many parts of south eastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroun but are mostly Centred in Calabar, capital of Cross River State. Calabar which was named by the Portuguese was locally known as Ata Akpa in local Efik language.

In modern times the Obong of Calabar is crowned twice, first traditionally at a sacred lodge known as efe asabo where different branches of Efik royal houses perform their esoteric roles during coronation and then in line with the Christian faith at the Duke Town Presbyterian church. The Obong's title defender of the Christian faith was given by previous kings of the Europeans during the colonial era. The crown, sword, orb and bible used during coronation are said to be gifts from Queen Victoria after a correspondence with a previous Obong, Previous Obong's had close relationships with the British colonial monarchy resulting at one time an Obong offered to marry Queen Victoria as one of his wives in order for both of them to rule over the black and white people. Their correspondence can be seen at the National Museum in Calabar.

The current Obong of Calabar is Edidem Ekpo Okon Abasi Otu V, He is the 78th monarch of the Efik people and has held the title since 2008. The Obong of Calabar is the current chancellor of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB).

List of Obongs of the Efik Kingdom
 Eyamba V (1834-1847)
 Archibong I (1849-1852)
 Edem-Odo Edem Ekpo (1854-1858)
 Orok Edem-Odo (1880-1896)
 Bassey Eyo Ephraim Adam III (1882-1886)
 Adam Ephraim Adam I (1901-1906)
 Boco Ene Nkpang Cobham (1989-2001)
 Nta Elijah Henshaw (2001-2008)
 Ekpo Okon Abasi-Otu V (2008-till date)

Controversies
The throne of the Obong of Calabar has been the subject of many succession battles over time. With the advent of colonial administration and subsequent federal government, there have been various commissions of injuries setup by government to resolve such tussles where they arise. The latest was in 2008 where one of the contenders was dissatisfied by the selection process and took the matter to court. In January 2023, after 15 years of legal tussle, the Supreme Court passed a judgement on the case between the current Obong of Calabar, His Eminence Edidem Ekpo Okon Abasi-Otu V who has been on the throne since 2008, and his challenger, Etubom Anthony Ani. In the judgment written by Justice Amina Augie and read by Justice Akomaye Agim, the court upheld the judgment of the Appeal Court, Calabar, which found Anthony Ani unqualified and ineligible to participate in the obongship selection dismissed the appeal brought by Etubom Ani for lack of merit and ordered for a fresh selection exercise. The current Obong was specifically mentioned as being qualified to contest and this will be the fourth time he had to step down for re-selection exercise based on court orders.

Soon after the ruling by the Supreme Court, The Obong, Edidem Ekpo Okon Abasi Otu, was re-elected and proclaimed the Obong of Calabar by the Etubom Conclaves of kingmakers.

This was contained in a statement signed by 13 members of the Etubom Conclave (The kingmakers) and announced to the general public  by the chairman, His Royal Majesty, Etubom Ntiero Efiwwat, at the palace of the Obong.

References

History of Nigeria
Nigerian traditional rulers
Efik people

Obong of Calabar


Bendigo State Park is a  Pennsylvania state park in Jones Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania in the United States.
The park is in a valley on the East Branch Clarion River.  of the park are developed. The other  are undeveloped woodlands of beech, birch, cherry and maple.

History
Bendigo State Park is named for an Irish tavern keeper, who lived in England, named William Thompson. Thompson was also a prizefighter of some renown. Boxing for money was illegal at the time in England and Thompson was arrested 28 times for breaking the law. Legend holds that Thompson fled to America, to avoid prosecution, when an opponent died in the ring due to injuries sustained in the fight. He adopted the name Bendigo, a corruption of the Old Testament name Abed-nego and moved to the frontier of northwestern Pennsylvania. The newly named, Bendigo, began serving as a Methodist evangelist while also working on the railroads. He was a very tall and strong man and soon became a favorite of his Italian co-workers. No records exist to support the claim that Thompson ever left the British Isles let alone lived in the area. The lumber industry was beginning to boom in northwestern Pennsylvania as Bendigo was making his rounds as an evangelist and a mill town in Elk County was named Bendigo in his honor. The lumber era was not to last forever. The forests were largely chopped down by the early 20th century and many of the mill towns, like Bendigo, were abandoned.

The borough of Johnsonburg acquired the land that is currently Bendigo State Park in the 1920s and established a community park. The Works Progress Administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt made many improvements to the park during the Great Depression. Flooding on the East Branch of the Clarion River destroyed most of the works of the WPA in the 1940s, but a stone wall and dam on the river are still standing. Ownership of the park was transferred to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1949 and over the course of ten years improvements were made. Bendigo State Park was formally opened to the public on August 15, 1959. The park is at an elevation of .

Recreation
Bendigo State Park attracts families interested in using the swimming and picnicking facilities. The pool is opened daily from 11:00 am until 7:00 pm beginning Memorial Day weekend and ending Labor Day weekend. There are over 150 picnic tables in several picnic areas. The picnic areas have charcoal grills, drinking water, horseshoe pits and restrooms.

Nearby state parks
The following state parks are within  of Bendigo State Park:
Bucktail State Park Natural Area (Cameron and Clinton Counties)
Clear Creek State Park (Jefferson County)
Elk State Park (Elk County)
Kinzua Bridge State Park (McKean County)
Parker Dam State Park (Clearfield County)
S. B. Elliott State Park (Clearfield County)
Sinnemahoning State Park (Cameron and Potter Counties)
Sizerville State Park (Cameron and Potter Counties)

References

External links

State parks of Pennsylvania
Protected areas established in 1959
Works Progress Administration in Pennsylvania
Parks in Elk County, Pennsylvania
1959 establishments in Pennsylvania
Protected areas of Elk County, Pennsylvania

Bendigo State Park


Richard David Carrick (born 1971 in Paris, France) is an American composer, pianist and conductor. He was a Guggenheim Fellow in Music Composition for 2015–16 while living in Kigali, Rwanda.  His compositions are influenced by diverse sources including traditional Korean Gugak music, the flow concept of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Gnawa Music of Morocco, Jazz, experimental music, concepts of infinity, the works of Italo Calvino and Ludwig Wittgenstein, and his work as improviser.

He is co-founder/co-artistic director of the critically acclaimed experimental music ensemble Either/Or with whom he performs regularly as pianist and conductor.

Carrick is currently Chair of the Composition Department at Berklee College of Music.  In 2011 and 2013 Carrick was Adjunct Associate Professor of Composition at Columbia University and taught composition and history at New York University 2009–2012.  For a decade he trained young composers for the New York Philharmonic in New York City and internationally.

He has received numerous awards including a 2015–16 Guggenheim Fellowship, 2015 Gugak Fellowship for Korean Traditional Music, and a Fromm Commission of Harvard University.

His music, described as "charming, with exoticism and sheer infectiousness" by Allan Kozinn of The New York Times, has been performed internationally by the New York Philharmonic, Vienna's Konzerthaus, ISCM World Music Days-Switzerland], Darmstadt Summer Festival, Tokyo International House, Merkin Hall, Nieuw Ensemble, JACK Quartet, Nouvel Ensemble Moderne, soloists Tony Arnold, Marilyn Nonken, Magnus Andersson, Carin Levine, Rohan de Saram, David Shively, and others.

Education
He received his BA in Mathematics and Music from Columbia University with Mario Davidovsky, a Masters and Doctorate from the University of California-San Diego with Brian Ferneyhough, and pursued further studies at IRCAM (Stage d'Ete) and the Koninklijk Conservatorium in The Hague.

Career
Recent works include the 2015 CD release, Cycles of Evolution, which incorporates pieces commissioned and performed by the NYPHIL BIENNIAL, Either/Or, Sweden's Ensemble Son, Hotel Elefant, The String Orchestra of Brooklyn, and DZ4. Carrick conducts or performs on all works on this CD, including Namdaemun, Adagios, Dark Flow Double Quartet, and more.  Carrick's improvisation-based disc Stone Guitars garnered critical attention in both the new music and guitar worlds.  The hour-long Flow Cycle for Strings (released on New World Records in 2011) is regularly performed by soloists and duos/trios.  Other recent works include String Quartet #2-Space:Time, Harmonixity for Saxophone Quartet and la touche sonore for solo piano.  He also writes large-scale multi-media works combining video, electronics and live musicians, including the "operatically ambitious" (The Village Voice) Cosmicomics, based on stories by Italo Calvino and the "apocalyptic" [New York Arts] Prisoner's Cinema.

Select recent works are published by Project Schott New York.

As conductor and pianist, he has premiered numerous works by distinguished composers including Helmut Lachenmann, Chaya Czernowin, Jonny Greenwood, Karin Rehnqvist, George E. Lewis, Elliott Sharp, John Zorn, Anthony Coleman.

He also improvises on piano and occasionally on electric guitar.  Works include a solo electric guitar CD (Stone Guitars) in preparation, solo piano CD, as well as performances with Jin Hi Kim, Chris Cochrane, Annie Gosfield, David Wallace, and others.

He has given University masterclasses on his own compositions in Tokyo, Seoul, London, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Paris, Darmstadt, and New York City.

Selected works

Orchestral
 Two Moments (2005)
 Find the Devil's Lead (2008)
 Adagios for string orchestra (2011)
 Elegy for string orchestra (2011)
 Solo for string orchestra (2011)

Chamber music
 Identities...Graduals 2332 3212 for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn, trombone and double bass (1996, revised 1999)
 Masculin-Feminin for 2 violins (1996)
 Family Resemblances for oboe or soprano saxophone, piano and percussion (1997, revised 2012)
 Sculpture Idle Ceremony for violin and percussion (1997)
 Natural Behaviour for solo percussion (1998, revised 2004)
 Paralléle-Parallaxe for oboe and harp soloists with violin, viola and cello (1999)
 The Veins of Marble for 12 players (2000), or 10 players (2012 version)
 The Fall for chamber ensemble with video projection (2001)
 Phosphéne for 2 violins (2001)
 Snow, Silence, Sleep for piano and string quartet (2002)
 entre nous for solo violin with vocal sounds (2004)
 L'idée sans l'deal for violin, cello and piano (2005, revised 2007)
 in flow for solo violin (2006)
 Balagan for tenor saxophone, electric guitar and accordion (2007)
 Duo Flow for violin and cello (2007)
 European Images for solo cello with video and pre-recorded audio (2007)
 Nezilat ha Balagan for violin and double bass (2007)
 Shadow Flow for solo viola (2007)
 Towards Qualia for violin, cello, piano and vibraphone (2007)
 Find the Devil's Lead for chamber ensemble (2008)
 Moroccan Flow (unfolding from unity) for solo cello (2008)
 Towards Qualia Sextet for flute, tenor saxophone (or bass clarinet), violin, cello, piano and vibraphone (2008)
 a cause du soleil, Flow Trio for violin, viola and cello (2009)
 la scène miniature for piccolo and cello (2009)
 la scène miniature quartet for violin (or flute), tenor saxophone (or bass clarinet), piano, musical saw (or cello) (2009)
 Les Scènes Acoustiques for solo guitar (2009–2010)
 Adagios for 2 violins, viola and cello (2009), or for 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass (2010)
 Sonic Tapestry Communication for violin, cello, bass clarinet, piano and CD Playback of nature sound recordings (2010)
 une for flute and piano (2010)
 Stone Guitars for solo electric guitar (or string quartet, or 2 electric guitars) and 4 pre-recorded electronically processed electric guitars (2010, 2011)
 Harmonixity for saxophone quartet (2012)
 Sub-merge for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon (2013)
 Prisoner's Cinema for 10 players, conductor and video projection (2013)
 Dark Flow – Double Quartet for violin, cello, piano, cimbalom, alto saxophone, trombone, acoustic guitar and percussion (2013)
 Namdaemun for flute, oboe, clarinet, trombone, horn, 2 violins, viola, cello, bass, percussion (2014)
 "Space-Time String Quartet #2" (2015)
 "Seongeum" for solo violin (2015)
 "Orgo" for ensemble, dedicated to Iancu Dumitrescu and Ana Maria Avram (2016)

Piano
 Slowness and Tight (1996)
 Ruby, My Dear for solo piano and three TV monitors with pre-recorded and live video and audio (1997)
 Containment, 8 Layered Piano Improvisations (2002)
 Pianos for solo piano with two pre-recorded piano tracks on CD (2002)
 Légèreté (2002)
 ∞ + 1 (2006–2007)
 Stone Organ for pianist and CD playback of pre-recorded organ (2010)
 Descretize for pianist and CD playback of pre-recorded piano (2010)
 la touche sonore sous l'eau for solo piano (2011–14)
 "Les Ciels de Kigali" for solo piano (2016)

Electric Guitar Quartet
 Stone Guitars full live set (2015, 45 min)

Vocal
 A Slow Duet for soprano and flute (1995)
 Notebook, Bedside for soprano, percussion and piano (2004, revised 2012)
 Cosmicomics for singer, flute, oboe, bass clarinet, violin, viola, cello, trombone and percussion (2005)

References

1971 births
Living people
American male composers
21st-century American composers
American male conductors (music)
Royal Conservatory of The Hague alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Musicians from Paris
American male pianists
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American male musicians

Richard Carrick


Christer Mats Roger Hansson (born 3 April 1970, in Kalmar) is a Swedish sport shooter. He has competed for Sweden in rifle shooting at two Olympics (2000 and 2004), and has attained numerous top ten finishes in a major international competition, spanning the ISSF World Cup series and the European Championships, Hansson trains under head coach Stefan Lindblom for the national team, while shooting at Mönsterås SF.

Hansson's Olympic debut came as a 30-year-old in rifle shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. There, he finished a lowly twenty-seventh in the air rifle with 587 points, and then shared a credible score of 594 with four other shooters for thirteenth place in the rifle prone. Hansson also competed in his favorite event, the rifle three positions, where he shot a total of 1162, 396 in prone, 379 in standing, and 387 in kneeling, to tie for twelfth place with neighboring Norway's Espen Berg-Knutsen and Austria's Thomas Farnik, having been close to an Olympic final by just three points.

At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Hansson decided to focus solely on small-bore rifle shooting in his second Games. He managed to get a minimum qualifying score of 596 in the rifle prone to gain an Olympic quota place for Sweden, following his outside-final finish at the European Championships in Plzeň, Czech Republic a year earlier. In the 50 m rifle prone, held a week after the start of the Games, Hansson fired 590 out of a possible 600 to force in a thirty-second place tie with fellow marksman and defending Olympic champion Jonas Edman, Ukraine's Yuriy Sukhorukov, and China's Yao Ye. Two days later, in the 50 m rifle 3 positions, Hansson bounced back from a disastrous rifle prone feat to shoot a total score of 1155 points (391 in prone, 378 in standing, and 386 in the kneeling) for twenty-fourth place, tying with Czech shooter Tomáš Jeřábek.

References

External links

Athlete Bio – Swedish Olympic Committee

1970 births
Living people
Swedish male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Kalmar
20th-century Swedish people
21st-century Swedish people

Roger Hansson (sport shooter)


Goodenia azurea, commonly known as blue goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect, dense, spreading or sprawling, glaucous, perennial herb with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, racemes or thyrses of bluish-purple flowers with leaf-like bracts, and oval to cylindrical fruit.

Description
Goodenia azurea is an erect, dense, spreading or sprawling, perennial herb that typically grows to a height of  and has glaucous foliage. The leaves are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and irregular teeth on the edges, up to  long and  wide. The flowers are arranged in racemes or thyrses up to  long on a peduncle  long with leaf-like bracteoles at the base, each flower on a pedicel  long. The sepals are lance-shaped,  long and the corolla is bluish-purple,  long, the lower lobes of the corolla  long with wings  wide. Flowering occurs from April to October and the fruit is an oval to cylindrical capsule  long.

Taxonomy and naming
Goodenia azurea was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae.

In 2006 Leigh William Sage and David Edward Albrecht described two subspecies and the names are accepted at the Australian Plant Census:
 Goodenia azurea F.Muell. subsp. azurea has broadly egg-shaped bracteoles mostly less than twice as long as wide and lacking a downcurved tip;
 Goodenis azurea subsp. hesperia L.W.Sage & Albr. has lance-shaped, oblong or elliptic bracteoles usually more than twice as long as wide and lacking a down-curved tip.

The specific epithet (azurea) means "azure" or "deep blue" and the subspecies name hesperia means "western".

Distribution and habitat
Blue goodenia grows in sandy soil with lateritic pebbles in northern central Australia. Subspecies azurea is found in far western Queensland, central Northern Territory and central north-eastern Western Australia. Subspecies hesperia is endemic to Western Australia where it occurs in the Great Sandy Desert, Gibson Desert, Great Victoria Desert, Gascoyne, Pilbara, Dampierland and Ord Victoria Plain bioregions of that state.

Conservation status
Goodenia azurea is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, and as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992. Both subspecies are classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia. Subspecies azurea is listed as of "least concern" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.

References

azurea
Eudicots of Western Australia
Flora of the Northern Territory
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1859
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller

Goodenia azurea


Achim (; Northern Low Saxon: Achem), commonly Achim bei Bremen, is a municipality and the largest town (population 30,059 in December 2006) in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Weser, approx. 17 km northwest of Verden, and 16 km southeast of Bremen.

Geography
Achim lies in the Weser Depression, an Urstromtal. The area surrounding Achim is primarily moorland in its natural state.  It has an elevation between 12 and 40 metres above sea level, and an area of 65.1 km2.

For the Badener mountains and Oil Camp, see Baden, Lower Saxony.

History
The first recorded mention of Achim came in 1091 as Arahem.  The controlling heights of the Linden Mountains, south of Bremen, on which the old Arahem leaned, was a cult- and court-location.  Achim was a meeting place of old Saxon courts.  The court met three times annually.

The Christian missionaries erected a baptismal church in Achim in the 12th century; it was the predecessor of St. Laurentius Church in Achim, built in 1257. Then it belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.

In the course of the War on Lunenburgian Succession (1370–1388) Achim was set on fire in 1381 because of the fights between Duke Albrecht of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke-designate of Brunswick and Lunenburg, and the Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Albert II, titular Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg.

From 1626 Achim was controlled alternately by Danes and Swedes. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown and — interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) — from 1715 on by the House of Hanover. During the Third Silesian or Seven Years' War (precipitated by the Anglo-French and Indian War) it was controlled by France. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy of Bremen, including Achim, before France annexed it in 1810. Achim became the capital of a homonymous canton within the Département des Bouches-du-Weser. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover. In 1814 the Electorate was upgraded to the Kingdom of Hanover at the Congress of Vienna. In 1823 Hanover incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the ducal territory, including Achim, became part of the Stade Region, established in 1823.

A train station has existed in Achim since 1847. Achim lies along the track between Bremen and Hannover.

Industry
Achim is home to several international companies including Vitakraft and Desma shoe machines.
Mercedes-Benz, Coca-Cola and Amazon.com, Inc. also have branch offices in the city.

Twin towns – sister cities

Achim is twinned with:
 Cēsis, Latvia
 Nowa Sól, Poland

Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Achim include:
 Friedrich Wilhelm Kleukens (1878–1956), German graphic designer and typographer
 Christian Heinrich Kleukens (1880–1954), calligrapher and poet
 Carl Huneke (1898–1972), German-American master stained glass artist and craftsman
 Karl Ravens (1927–2017), German politician (SPD), former federal minister

 Fritz-Heiner Hepke (born 1947), politician (SPD), 1998-2003 deputy in the state parliament of Lower Saxony
 Heinz Emigholz (born 1948), filmmaker, actor, artist, writer and producer
 Martin Schmidt (born 1969), handball player
 Matthias Weidenhöfer (born 1985), German actor
 Felix Wiedwald (born 1990), football player
 Deniz Undav (born 1996), football player

References

External links
 Official site

Verden (district)

Achim


Aled Owen Roberts (17 July 1889 – 25 August 1949) was a Welsh Liberal, later Liberal National and finally Conservative politician, soldier and businessman.

Family and education
Roberts was born in Liverpool the eldest son of Robert Roberts, of that city. He was educated at Liverpool College. He married Ione Ruth Irwin from Stone, Staffordshire. They had two sons. Mrs Roberts died in 1940.

Soldier
During the First World War, Roberts served in the army. He achieved the rank of captain in the Royal Welch Fusiliers in 1915 and served abroad from 1916 to 1919. During the Second World War, Roberts served as a lieutenant-colonel in the Home Guard after 1941.

Business
Roberts was a prominent figure in the business life of Liverpool. His main interests were in insurance. He was an insurance broker in his own firm, Aled O Roberts & Co. and an underwriter. He was a director in the firms of Morris & Jones Ltd, Provincial Insurance Co. Ltd, Monument Insurance Co Ltd and the Clarence Building Society.

Politics
In politics, Roberts started life as a Liberal. He unsuccessfully contested Liverpool East Toxteth at a by-election in 1929 and was also the candidate in that seat at the 1929 general election. He did enter Parliament for Wrexham at the 1931 general election as a Liberal in support of the National Government of Ramsay MacDonald and with the agreement of the local Conservatives. He later left the government side to go into opposition with the Liberal group led by Sir Herbert Samuel but his position in Wrexham depended on Tory support and his local party tried to steer him in the direction of the Liberal Nationals. Although he had no Tory opponent at the 1935 general election the Chairman of the local Conservative Association apparently urged his supporters to abstain rather than vote for Roberts, who stood as a Liberal rather than Liberal National and the seat went Labour by a majority of over 5,000 votes. He was elected to Liverpool City Council in 1936 and served until the time of his death. He was also a member of the Merseyside and North Wales Electricity Board, Chairman of the Licensing Committee and a justice of the peace.

Liberal National and Conservative
Although he had failed to join the Liberal Nationals when it might have helped him hold his Wrexham seat before 1935, he did join later and in 1943 tried to secure the nomination to be the Liberal National candidate for the by-election at Eddisbury in 1943. In 1945, while he was still deputy leader of the Liberal group on Liverpool City Council he joined the Conservatives. He was selected to stand as Tory candidate for Liverpool, Kirkdale at the 1945 general election but lost to Labour.

Welsh heritage
Although he was born in Liverpool, Roberts always regarded himself as Welsh, as his army and political connections demonstrated. He managed Fire, Pensions and other insurance for the Presbyterian Church of Wales, was a keen supporter of the Eisteddfod and a member of the Council of the Liverpool Welsh National Society.

See also
 List of Liberal Party (UK) MPs

References

External links

Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies
UK MPs 1931–1935
Conservative Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
1889 births
1949 deaths
Politics of Wrexham
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Welch Fusiliers officers
People educated at Liverpool College

Aled Roberts (Wrexham MP)