Joseph Gantner (Baden, Canton Aargau, Switzerland 11 September 1896—Basel 7 April 1988) was a Swiss art historian.

His father Alfred Gantner, a manager at Brown Boveri, and his wife Marie (née Wächter), a midwife. In 1932 Joseph Gantner married Maria Hanna Dreyfus.

Gantner's studies took him to the universities at Zurich, Basel, Geneva, and finally to Munich, where he completed a doctorate in 1920 under Heinrich Wölfflin (1864–1945). He also spent a semester in Rome with Adolfo Venturi. His Habilitationsschrift was completed in 1926. From 1922 or 1923 to 1927 he was Editor of the periodical Das Werk and later also of Das neue Frankfurt. From 1927 until 1932 Gantner taught at the Kunstschule in Frankfurt-am-Main.

He returned to Switzerland in 1933 when the Nazi menace began to increase. From 1926–28 and then again from 1933–38, he worked on a second Ph. D. from the University of Zurich. In 1938 at the age of 42 he was appointed Professor of Art History at the University of Basel, and remained there until retirement in 1967. In 1954 he became Rector of the University and that same year became a member of the Basel Art Museum Commission. He founded the Basler Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte in 1943, and edited the Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft from 1952 together with Heinrich Lützeler.

His portrait was painted by Augusto Giacometti, a second cousin of Alberto Giacometti, and is now in the possession of his daughter Vera.

Notes

References
Death notice, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 9.4.1988
Obituary, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 15.4.88
Reiner Haussherr, obituary, in Jahrbuch. Mainz Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1991, pp. 108–112
Caviezel-Rüegg, Zita: "Gantner, Joseph", Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (online edition)
"Gantner, Joseph", Dictionary of Art Historians (accessed 10 January 2010)
Susan R. Henderson, "Building Culture:  Ernst May and the New Frankfurt Initiative, 1926-1931" (Peter Lang, 2013).
A full bibliography of his works can be found in J. Gantner: "Das Bild des Herzens": über Vollendung und Un-Vollendung in der Kunst. Reden und Aufsätze Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1979. ()

1896 births
1988 deaths
Swiss art historians

Joseph Gantner


"The Dialogue of the Dogs" ("El coloquio de los perros"; also "The Conversation of the Dogs" or "Dialogue between Cipión and Berganza") is a novella originating from the fantasy world of Alférez Campuzano, a character from a short story, The Deceitful Marriage ("El casamiento engañoso").  Both are written by author Miguel de Cervantes.  It was originally published in a 1613 collection of novellas called Novelas ejemplares.

Author

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was born in Alcalá de Henares, a university town near Madrid, on September 29, 1547.  He was a soldier, writer of novels, poems, and plays, and an accountant and tax collector. One of the greatest authors of Spanish literature, he became internationally known for his novel, Don Quijote, the Man of la Mancha (Don Quijote de la Mancha).  Cervantes wrote a series of twelve novellas which include "The Deceitful Marriage" and "The Dialogue of the Dogs".  He died in Madrid on April 22, 1616.

Exemplary Stories
Exemplary Stories (Novelas ejemplares) is a series of twelve novellas that follow the model established in Italy and written by Miguel de Cervantes between 1590 and 1612. The collection was printed in Madrid in 1613 by Juan de la Cuesta, and was well received in the wake of the release of the first part of Don Quixote.

Narrative
The story is loosely tied to the previous story in the volume, "El casamiento engañoso" ("The Deceitful Marriage"), which is about a dishonest suitor duped out of his wealth by his conniving young bride.  The experience lands the suitor in a hospital in Valladolid.  Suffering from syphilis, he looks out of the hospital window and, presumably in a delirium, he sees and hears two dogs begin to speak at the stroke of midnight.  One dog, Berganza, tells the other, Cipión (Scipio), about his experiences with his various human masters and opines in a highly refined manner on a slew of social and philosophical themes such as greed, Gypsies, dishonesty, honor, and witchcraft.  Cipión promises to tell his own life story the following night.  Cervantes leaves the reader to determine whether or not the dogs have actually been talking or if the bedridden man has imagined it.

Plot
In the story, Cervantes offers the readers, through the protagonists' (the two dogs') dialogues, his own narrative poetics.  He introduces a ...story and dialogue that took place between Scipio and Berganza, who are commonly known as Mahudes's dogs and who belong to the Hospital of [the] Resurrection, which is in the city of Valladolid, outside the Campo Gate...

Berganza's story begins with the description of life in a slaughter house in Seville, where he was born.  He gives a lot of details about the doings of the underworld, its thieves, and its villains.  Scipio adds comments and gives advice on how to narrate a story properly: If you're going to take this long to describe the condition of the masters you've had and the failings of their professions, [...] I want to point something out to you, and you'll see the truth of it when I relate my life story. Some stories are intrinsically appealing, others are made appealing in the way they are told.

The 'colloquium' finishes with a sentence that carries the reader back to the principal theme of the short story, "The Deceitful Marriage", the narrative principal frame, in which the circle is closed with Peralta and Ensign Campuzano becoming great admirers of the invention of "The Dialogue of the Dogs".

Berganza's history
The following is a summary of the multitude of jobs, services, and tasks that were asked by different owners of Berganza throughout his life:
 The first task that Berganza exercises was in a slaughter house in Seville when his first owner, Nicholas Snub-Nose, who taught him to rush forth at the bulls.  Berganza, newly renamed Barcino, had to take a basket full of food to a friend of the owner, every day. He used to deliver to a certain mistress, in the early morning, what Nicholas had stolen during the night.
 The second task that he had was that of a shepherd where the only thing Berganza had to do was to take care to the sheep and to watch out for the wild animal attacks such as wolves; but since he was being punished, in addition to this work it was only possible for Berganza to sleep every now and then.
 Later Berganza was working with a very rich merchant, where he had the role of a guardian behind the door, for what he was rewarded for doing it so well. Instead of guarding the door, with the children of the merchant, Berganza had a much calmer and relaxed job since he simply had to play with them, and these children were so grateful that he was living like a king. But, since he could not come to their college, because it was distracting to the other students, Berganza was sent back to his previous position: guardian behind the door.
 After leaving his previous job, he started working for a corrupt police officer who actually supported a group of thugs.
 A man who welcomed him, taught him to do cute tricks, graceful things that were surprising or that were making the people laugh. Thanks to what Berganza learned, his owner earned a lot of money by leading his dog to different places to put on his show.
 The following owners that Berganza had were gypsies, and he had to do same kind of job as with his previous owner.
 In this following job, he had to guard the garden, together with a Morisco, who was a writer, this work was easy.
 The latter work was of guardian in a hospital together with Scipio, in Valladolid.

Characters
Alférez Campuzano is a protagonist in the previous short story called "The Deceitful Marriage" in which he gives graduate Peralta an incredible dialogue to read that he had written and of which he claims he was a witness.  It purported events occurred when he was convalescing at the Hospital of the Resurrection (in Valladolid):

Scipio and Berganza are Mahudes's dogs and possess a human skills, such as speech and reasoning, which allows them to judge and criticize from afar. They are static prominent characters, since these two don't change attitude and they lead the tone of the conversation during the entire story.  Berganza, thanks to a sudden ability to speak, tells his life-story to Scipio, another dog who gives his advice on how Berganza should narrate his own story.

Themes
 Scipio helps Berganza by giving him some advice on the way he uses storytelling.
 Berganza exposes the evilness and the corruption of the society.

How men perceived the dogs
Since the dogs are a symbol of friendship and inviolable loyalty, when their owners die the dogs feel their death; many of these dogs stop eating and do not to separate themselves from their owners' graves.  But, with Berganza's life story, the dichotomy of preconceived ideas of friendship and loyalty fade away; the readers get the truth within the underpinnings of owner—dog relationships.

Miguel Cervantes analysis
Imaginative prose fiction at the time was viewed with great suspicion in certain quarters. Cervantes's own Don Quixote explores and parodies the idea that literature not grounded in empirical reality is dangerous stuff in "The Deceitful Marriage".

In "The Dialogue of the Dogs", Cervantes is most overtly concerned with a reader's suspension of disbelief. He playfully places a quasi-picaresque autobiography, the most 'realist' fiction of its time in its baring of society's vices, in a totally fantastic framework of rational, talking dogs.  He then defies us, like Peralta, not to get caught up in it.  Like so many other stories, it is modeled on a variety of sources: the Lucianic dialogue, Aesop's fables, and of course, the pseudo-autobiography, a satirical form in its own right which Cervantes takes the opportunity to satirize further.

[...] It is a picaresque narrative with its own in-built critique - a story about the creative process and how to cast a critical eye over the expanding text; Scipio is forever interrupting Berganza's story to question where it is leading; or to comment on repeated digression; or its tendency to moralize.  It is also about the process of reading and the power of imagination.  The witch at the center of the story claims that during the Sabbath orgies it is impossible to ascertain whether the experience is real or fantasy.  The analogy is clear. If the fantasy is powerful enough we can find ourselves believing that dogs are capable of rational speech and worry about the satirical nature of their words.

Influence and adaptations
Cervantes' novellas inspired several English Jacobean dramas.  Plays based on the novellas include Beaumont and Fletcher's Love's Pilgrimage (adapted from "Las dos doncellas" or The Two Damsels); Fletcher's The Chances  ("La señora Cornelia" or The Lady Cornelia); Fletcher's Rule a Wife and Have a Wife (El casamiento engañoso or The Deceitful Marriage), among others.

Sigmund Freud was interested in the story and identified with Cipión.

References

External links

Summary of "El coloquio de los perros" (in Spanish)

1613 Novellas
Short story collections by Miguel de Cervantes
Novels set in Madrid

The Dialogue of the Dogs


Henry Martell (August 3, 1806 – December 21, 1877) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Arichat Township from 1843 to 1859 and Richmond County from 1859 to 1863 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Reformer and later Conservative.

He was born in Arichat, Nova Scotia, of French descent, and was educated there. In 1833, he married Marie Julie Peltier. Martell was a school commissioner and a commissioner for St. Peter's Canal. In 1868, he was named to the province's Legislative Council. He died in Arichat at the age of 71.

References

1806 births
1877 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Members of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia

Henry Martell


Joseph Deharbe (11 April 1800 at Strasbourg, Alsace – 8 November 1871 at Maria-Laach) was a French Jesuit theologian and catechist.

Life
He entered the Society of Jesus in 1817 and after teaching for eleven years at the Jesuit College at Brieg, Switzerland, he became in 1840 a missionary and catechist in Köthen, Germany. With Father Rohe, S.J., he established at Lucerne in 1845 the academy of St. Charles Borromeo. In 1847 he left Switzerland, which had become hostile to Jesuits.

After that he was chiefly engaged in giving missions in Germany.

Works
As a catechist in Köthen he felt the lack of a good catechism, and was encouraged by his superior, Fr. Devis, to compose one. As a model he took the Mainz catechism of 1842 and made use also of other good textbooks, notably of Bossuet's catechism. He completed his first catechism, called "Katholischer Katechismus oder Lehrbegriff" in 1847.

In 1848 it appeared anonymously at Ratisbon and immediately won approval. Bishop Blum of Linsburg introduced it officially into his diocese the same year; the following year the bishops of Trier and Hildesheim did likewise for their dioceses. In 1850 the Bavarian bishops resolved to introduce a common catechism for the entire kingdom, and accepted Deharbe's catechism, which was then introduced in 1853. Other German dioceses adopted it as follows: Cologne, 1854; Mainz and Paderborn, 1855; Fulda, 1858; Ermland, 1861; Culm, 1863; Gnesen-Posen, 1868. At the same time it spread outside of Germany, in Switzerland, Austria-Hungary, and the United States. It was translated in 1851 into Magyar, then into Bohemian, Italian, and French; into Swedish and Marathi, 1861; into Polish and Lithuanian, 1862; into Slovenian, 1868; into Danish, 1869; and later into Spanish and Portuguese. It was reintroduced into Bavaria in 1908. In a revised form, Austria adopted it in 1897.

Deharbe himself prepared and published at Ratisbon four extracts of his first work, titled

 "Katholischer Katechismus" (1847); (In English: A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion)
 "Kleiner katholischer Katechismus" (1847);
 "Anfangsgründe der katholichen Lehre für die kleinen Schüler" (1847);
 "Kleiner katholischer Katechismus" (1849–50).

He preserved catechetical tradition but abandoned the division of Peter Canisius, arranging the text-matter under chapters on Faith, Commandments, and Means of Grace.

His other works, all published at Ratisbon, are:
"Die vollkommene Liebe Gottes" (1855);
"Erklärung des katholischen Katechismus (4 vols., 1857-64, fifth ed., (1880-);
"Kürzeres Handbuch zum Religionsunterrichte" (1865–68, sixth ed., Linden ed., 1898).

References

Attribution
; the entry cites:
Spirago-Mesmer, Method of Christian Doctrine (Cincinnati, 1901);
Linden, Der mittlere Deharbesche Katischismus (Ratisbon, 1900);
Thalhoffer, Entwicklung des katholischen Katechismus in Deutschland (Freiburg, 1899);
Hermann Rolfus and Adolf Pfister, Realencyclopädie des Erziehungs und Unterrichtswesens (Mainz, 1874), passim;
Krieg, Katechtik (Freiburg, 1907);
Herder, Konversationslexicon, s. v.;
Baier, Methodik (Würzburg, 1897).

External links

1800 births
1871 deaths
19th-century German Jesuits
19th-century German Catholic theologians
19th-century German male writers
19th-century German writers
Jesuit theologians
German male non-fiction writers

Joseph Deharbe


Verbal dictation describes a theory about how the Holy Spirit was involved with the people who first physically inscribed the Bible. According to this theory, the human role was a purely mechanical one: their individuality was by-passed whilst they wrote, and neither did their cultural background have any influence on what they wrote, because these writers were under the control of God. This may have been the original understanding of inspiration for the people of the Bible.

According to James Barr this theory of inspiration was popular among Protestant theologians during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.  According to Frederic Farrar, Martin Luther did not understand inspiration to mean that scripture was dictated in a purely mechanical manner.  Instead, Luther "held that they were not dictated by the Holy Spirit, but that His illumination produced in the minds of their writers the knowledge of salvation, so that divine truth had been expressed in human form, and the knowledge of God had become a personal possession of man. The actual writing was a human not a supernatural act."  Farrar says that John Calvin also rejected the verbal dictation theory.  Today, according to T.D. Lea and H.P. Griffen, "[n]o respected Evangelicals maintain that God dictated the words of Scripture."

See also
 Biblical inspiration

References

Further reading

Christian theology of the Bible

Verbal dictation


Richard E. Besser  (born August 29, 1959) is an American doctor and executive who has served as president and CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation since April 2017. Besser served as the acting director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) from January to June 2009. He was ABC News' former chief health and medical editor. Besser is a brother-in-law to Scottish singer Annie Lennox.

Life and career
Besser grew up in Princeton, New Jersey, and graduated from Princeton High School in 1977. He is of Jewish descent. His brother, Mitch, is married to singer Annie Lennox.

Besser received his Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Williams College and his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1986. After graduation, Besser completed a residency and a chief residency in pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University Hospital.

In 1991, Besser joined the Epidemic Intelligence Service, which is under the supervision of the CDC. He was sent to Boston to investigate a minor outbreak of E. coli there. Officials were unhappy at the length and cost of the investigation, which included collecting deer feces from apple orchards, but Besser eventually found the source of the outbreak, which was apple cider.

Besser also worked as a health reporter for a local television station in San Diego, California, during the 1990s. On January 22, 2009, Besser was named acting director of the CDC and ATSDR. Before the new Obama administration named a permanent director for both agencies, in April 2009, an outbreak of swine flu in North America swept the headlines.

Besser began to hold daily press conferences where he explained the United States government's reaction to the outbreak, which originated in Mexico, but had since spread to over twenty countries, with the United States the most affected by the virus's spread. Besser's handling of his press conferences drew praise from prominent American medical professionals such as Dr. Mehmet Oz and David Satcher.

In October 2014, Case Western Reserve University disinvited Besser from a speaking engagement because he had recently returned from a trip to Liberia. His scheduled talk was to be "Pandemics, Public Health, and Political Change: The Critical Importance of Communication", a discussion of the 2009 flu pandemic "when fear was outracing the disease".

Besser wrote at the time: "You cannot catch Ebola in a lecture hall hearing about the power of communication during a public health crisis. I expect universities to fight this kind of fear, not feed it. What we need to do is communicate, as strongly and as often as we can, what the real risks are and aren't."

In Besser's role at ABC News, he provided medical analysis and reports for all ABC News programs and platforms. His weekly health chats on social media reached millions.

In April 2015, Besser delivered the Provost's Lecture at Oregon State University.

In April 2017, Besser replaced Risa Lavizzo-Mourey as president and CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in Princeton, New Jersey.

References

External links
Biography Robert Wood Johnson Foundation website; accessed October 19, 2017
Profile Center for BioSecurity website; accessed October 22, 2014.

American pediatricians
Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians
Williams College alumni
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
Living people
1959 births
Year of birth uncertain
ABC News personalities
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton High School (New Jersey) alumni
Members of the National Academy of Medicine

Richard E. Besser


Kyle Scott Alcorn (born March 18, 1985) is an American track and field athlete.  As a long distance runner, Alcorn experienced most of his professional success in the steeplechase, an event in which he represented the United States at the 2012 Olympics in London, England.

As a prep, Alcorn ran for Buchanan High School in Clovis, California. He won the 3200 meters at the CIF California State Meet as a junior in 2001, but placed second to Tim Nelson in the same event the next year as a senior despite improving his time by seven seconds.

Alcorn went on to run at the collegiate level for the University of Oregon where he helped the cross country team win the PAC-10 championship in 2003. On the track, he became the US junior champion in the steeplechase in 2004, which in turn led to a 16th-place finish at the 2004 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Despite his success, Alcorn transferred to Arizona State University for his remaining years of NCAA eligibility, during which he won the 2008 NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship in the steeplechase, as well as the 2008 NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field title for the 3000 meters. In that same year, he qualified for the 2008 US Olympic Trials in the steeplechase but failed to qualify for the Olympics with an 11th-place finish.

After turning professional, Alcorn received sponsorship from Nike and was coached by Louie Quintana. He finished third at the 2009 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships and represented the US in that year's World Championships; but failed to advance out of the qualifying heats. In 2012, Alcorn qualified for the 2012 Olympics by placing third in the United States Olympic Trials and achieving the Olympic A standard time.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
American male long-distance runners
American male steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Track and field athletes from California

Kyle Alcorn


Sir Thomas Billing (died 1481) was an English judge and Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

Early life and career
Billing is said by Fuller to have been a native of Northamptonshire, where two villages near Northampton bear his name, and to have afterwards lived in state at Astwell in that county. Lord Campbell says he was an attorney's clerk; but this seems doubtful. He was, at any rate, a member of Gray's Inn. Writing to one Ledam, Billing says : 'I would ye should do well, because ye are a fellow of Gray's Inn, where I was fellow ' (Paston Letters, i. 43, 53), and, according to a Gray's Inn manuscript, he was a reader there. His social position was sufficient to enable him to be on terms of intimacy with the families of Paston and of Baron Grey de Ruthyn.

He was Burgess (Member of Parliament) for Northamptonshire, 1445–46; Burgess (Member of Parliament) for London, 1449, and Recorder of London, 1450–1454. Along with seven others he received the coif as serjeant-at-law on 2 January 1453 – 1454, and in the Hilary term of that year is first mentioned as arguing at the bar. Thenceforward his name is frequent in the reports.

King's serjeant
Lord-chancellor Waynflete appointed him king's Serjeant 21 April 1458, and Lord Campbell, citing an otherwise unknown pamphlet of Billing in favour of the Lancastrian cause, says that with the attorney-general and solicitor-general he argued the cause of King Henry VI at the bar of the House of Lords. The entry in the Parliamentary Rolls, however, indicates that the judges and king's Serjeants excused themselves from giving an opinion in the matter. About the same time Billing appears to have been knighted, and on the accession of Edward IV his patent of king's Serjeant was renewed, and in the first parliament of this reign he was named, along with Serjeants Lyttelton and Laken, a referee in a cause between the Bishop of Winchester and some of his tenants. He is said by Lord Campbell to have exerted himself actively against King Henry, Queen Margaret, and the Lancastrians, and to have helped to frame the act of attainder of Sir John Fortescue, chief justice of the king's bench, for being engaged in the Battle of Towton, and to have advised the grant of a pardon, on condition that the opinions of the treatise 'De Laudibus' should be retracted.

Judge of the King's Bench
At any rate, in 1464 (9 Aug.), Billing was added to the three judges of the king's bench, but by the king's writ only: and the question being thereupon raised, it was decided that a commission in addition to the writ was required for the appointment of a justice of assize. Baker in his Chronology,' and Hale in his 'Pleas of the Crown,' says that on the trial of Walter Walker for treason in 1460, for having said to his son, 'Tom, if thou behavest thyself well, I will make thee heir to the Crown' i.e. of the Crown Inn, of which he was landlord, Billing ruled a conviction, and Lord Campbell accepts the story. But it would seem from the report of the judgment of Chief-justice Bromley in the trial of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, 17 April 1554, that the judge at that trial was John Markham, afterwards chief justice next before Billing, and that he directed an acquittal.

Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Billing succeeded Markham as chief justice of the king's bench in 23 January 1468 – 1469, having precedence over Yelverton and Bingham, justices of the king's bench; and this office he retained in spite of political changes. For when Henry VI for a few months regained the throne new patents were at once issued, 9 October 1470; and when Edward IV overthrew him, 17 June 1471, he, along with almost all the other judges, was confirmed in his seat. It is suggested that he may have owed this less to his legal talents than to the support of the Earl of Warwick. In 1477 Billing tried Burdet of Arrow, Warwickshire, a dependent of the Duke of Clarence, for treason, committed in 1474, in saying of a stag, 'I wish that the buck, horns and all, were in the king's belly,' for which he was executed. Billing is also said to have been concerned in the trial of the Duke of Clarence himself. He continued to sit in court until 5 May 1481, when he died testate and was buried in Bittlesden Abbey, Buckinghamshire. His tombstone is now in Wappenham Church, Northamptonshire. His successor was Sir William Hussey.

Family life

He married (1st) Katherine Gifford, who died 8 March 1479.  They had five sons, including Thomas, his heir, who died in 1500 without male issue, and four daughters.

He married (2nd) Mary Folville, widow successively of William Cotton, Receiver-general of the Duchy of Lancaster, Treasurer of the Queen's Household (killed at the 2nd Battle of St. Albans in 1461), and Thomas Lacy, of Grantchester, Cambridgeshire (died 1479), and daughter and co-heiress of John Folville, Esq., of Sileby, Rotherby, Queniborough, etc., Leicestershire, by Joan, daughter of Robert Wesenham (died 1399), of Conington, Huntingdonshire. She was born about 1423 (aged 54 in 1477).

In 1483, his widow and executrix, Mary, sued William Stokker, Knt., Mayor of the Staple of Calais, in the Exchequer of Pleas regarding a debt. She was pardoned 20 Nov. 1484. Mary died 14 March 1499/1500, and was buried on the south side of the altar of the church of St. Margaret, Westminster, Middlesex by her 1st husband.

References
Attribution

1481 deaths
Lord chief justices of England and Wales
Justices of the King's Bench
Year of birth unknown
Serjeants-at-law (England)
Recorders of London
Knights Bachelor

Thomas Billing


The Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) is a species of hare highly adapted to living in the Arctic tundra and other icy biomes. The Arctic hare survives with shortened ears and limbs, a small nose, fat that makes up close to 20% of its body, and a thick coat of fur. It usually digs holes in the ground or under the snow to keep warm and to sleep. Arctic hares look like rabbits but have shorter ears, are taller when standing, and, unlike rabbits, can thrive in extreme cold. They can travel together with many other hares, sometimes huddling with dozens or more, but are usually found alone, sometimes taking more than one partner. The Arctic hare can run up to .

Taxonomy

Arctic explorer John Ross described the Arctic hare in 1819.

Description
The Arctic hare is one of the largest living lagomorphs. Typically, this species measures from  long, not counting a tail length of . The body mass of this species is typically between , though large individuals can weigh up to .

Distribution and habitat
The Arctic hare is distributed over the northernmost regions of Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands and Northern Canada, including Ellesmere Island, and farther south in Labrador and Newfoundland. The Arctic hare is well adapted to conditions found in the tundras, plateaus, and treeless coasts of this region, including cold weather and frozen precipitation. The Arctic hare may be found at elevations from sea level to .

In Newfoundland and Southern Labrador, the Arctic hare changes its coat color, moulting and growing new fur, from brown or grey in the summer to white in the winter. This seasonal moulting also enables other Arctic animals, including ermine and ptarmigan, to remain camouflaged as the environment changes. However, the Arctic hares in the far north of Canada, where summer is very short, remain white all year round.

Feeding
The Arctic hare is a herbivore, specifically a folivore. Arctic hares feed primarily on woody plants, with arctic willow constituting 95% of their diet year-round. Arctic hares predominantly consume saxifrage, crowberry, and dwarf willow, but can also eat a variety of other foods, including lichens and mosses, blooms, other species' leaves, twigs, and roots, mountain sorrel and macroalgae (seaweed). Arctic hare diets are more diverse in summer. Although previously believed to still be primarily willow, dryas, and grasses, recent studies show that their diet becomes dominated by legumes, constituting 70% of their diet in the summer. Arctic hares have been reported to occasionally eat meat, including fish and the stomach contents of eviscerated caribou. They eat snow to get water.

Physiology
The Arctic hare has many physiological features that are adaptive to its extreme environment. Despite a 17% - 38% lower than expected basal metabolic rate, the Arctic hare is able to maintain a body temperature comparable to other lagomorphs (38.9 degrees C) because of its low surface area to volume ratio and high insulation. The lowered metabolic rate also allows the Arctic hare to save energy, making it adaptive for its cold and barren habitat. In addition, the Arctic hare has high locomotive efficiency combined with long periods of resting and shorter bouts of foraging which enables it to conserve energy and survive on its low diet intake.

The white fur of Arctic hares, in addition to their camouflage benefits in the winter, have a high reflectance which may prevent excessive heat gain during the day. Behaviorally, the Arctic hare keeps warm in winter using body orientation, posture, and seeking or digging shelter. When resting, Arctic hares maintain a nearly spherical shape and typically stay in groups, but do not huddle. If the rabbits are solitary, they often rest in the shelter of large rocks protecting them from the wind and staying out of sight of predators. In addition to rocks, Arctic hares also find shelter in other natural shelters such as snowdrifts, man-made structures, and even digging their own burrows in snowdrifts up to 188 cm in length.

The body size of Arctic hares is often significantly less in the winter compared to the summer, likely caused by decreased food quality and availability in addition to a decreased metabolic rate. Arctic hare body mass might also be affected by ambient temperature. At lower latitudes it was found that Arctic hares in Greenland exhibited larger body size with increased temperature, possibly caused by increased energy availability to contribute to body size and increased food plant availability. The opposite is true at higher latitudes in which Arctic hares had smaller body sizes with increased temperature. This trend is again linked to food plant availability. In this case, decreased precipitation and increased temperatures in the higher latitudes of Greenland result in a lower food plant availability to contribute to body mass.

Reproduction and lifespan

Breeding season occurs around April or May. Gestation period of the Arctic hare is 53 days, so the babies are born around May, June, or July. Hares can have up to eight babies (average litter size 5.4), called leverets. The leverets stay within the mother's home range until they can survive on their own. Young Arctic hares are almost full size by late July (some weeks after birth) and breed for the first time after a year of age.

There is little information on the lifespan of Arctic hares. Some anecdotal evidence suggests they live three to five years in the wild. Arctic hares do not fare well in captivity, living only a year and a half at most.

Predators
Known predators of the Arctic hare are the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Wolf (Canis lupus), Lynx (Lynx canadensis), Ermine (Mustela erminea), Snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), Rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) and occasionally humans.

The Arctic wolf is probably the most successful predator of the Arctic hare, and even young wolves in their first autumn can catch adult hares. Arctic foxes and ermines, which are smaller, typically prey on young hares. Gyrfalcon carry hares to their nests, cutting them in half first; gyrfalcons use hare bones and feet in the structure of their nests on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) also prey on Arctic hares in the southern end of the hares' range. The snowy owls mainly target young hares; the French common name of the species derives from Anglo-Saxon harfang ("hare-catcher").

Four groups of parasites have been known to use Arctic hares as a host: protozoans (Eimeria exigua, Eimeria magna, Eimeria perforans, and Eimeria sculpta); nematodes (including Filaria and Oxyuris ambigua); lice (including Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni) and fleas (including Euhoplopsyllus glacialis and Megabothris groenlandicus). Fleas are more common than parasitic worms.

Subspecies

There are four subspecies of this hare:
Lepus arcticus arcticus
Lepus arcticus banksii
Lepus arcticus groenlandicus
Lepus arcticus monstrabilis

References

Lepus
Mammals of North America
Mammals of Canada
Mammals of Greenland
Mammals of the Arctic
Hare, Arctic
Mammals described in 1819
Folivores

Arctic hare


Studies in Political Economy is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering political economy. Although an international journal, it has an emphasis on work concerning Canada. The journal publishes three times a year electronically and appears in print once a year. It is published by Taylor and Francis and was established in 1979. It is abstracted and indexed in PAIS International, The Left Index, Sociological Abstracts, Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Science, Human Resources Abstracts, Sage Public Administration Abstracts, Journal of Economic Literature, Canadian Periodical Index, and International Political Science Abstracts.

External links

Political science journals
Economics journals
Triannual journals
Academic journals established in 1979
English-language journals
Taylor & Francis academic journals

Studies in Political Economy


Agios Efstratios or Saint Eustratius (), colloquially Ai Stratis (), anciently Halonnesus or Halonnesos (), is a small Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea about  southwest of Lemnos and  northwest of Lesbos. The municipality has an area of 43.325 km2. Together with Lemnos and nearby islets it forms the regional unit of Lemnos, part of the Greek archipelagic region of the North Aegean.

Name
Anciently the island was known as Halonnesus, and under this name was a bone of contention between ancient Athens and Macedon as was noted in On the Halonnesus, attributed to Demosthenes. The island was named after Saint Eustratius (), who lived on the island in the 9th century as an exile, because he was opposed to the iconoclastic policies of the Byzantine Emperor Leo the Armenian. His grave is still being shown by the inhabitants. The island is mentioned in the  by Cristoforo Buondelmonti in 1420 as Sanstrati. It was also known as "Bozbaba" during Ottoman rule. The Ottoman Census of 1831 states that the Island was composed exclusively of Greeks, and that there were 310 Greek males fit to fight. This register did not include women, orphans, Christians below the age of puberty, high-ranking officials, and the mentally or physically incapacitated; so, the actual population would be much higher.

Geography

Agios Efstratios is quiet, isolated and dry, with a population of approximately 300 people. The climate is arid, with little rainfall during the winter months and long, hot summers. The landscape is mostly rocky, with scarce and low vegetation. Locust infestation is a recurring problem. Crops are insignificant; the surrounding sea, however, is rich in fish which are fished by local fishermen.  There are numerous beaches on the island such as Agios Antonios, Lemonies, Avlakia and others, most of which are reached by caique. Agios Efstratios Island is linked by boat with Limnos, Agios Konstantinos, Kymi and Kavala.

Recent political history

The island was used to house political prisoners in internal exile since the 1930s. The first communists were exiled to the island with the Idionymon law of Venizelos, later during the Metaxas Regime and again during the Greek civil war. After Makronisos it became the largest prison island in Aegean. During the Greek military junta of 1967–74, the island was again used as a prison for political dissidents. Exiles here included Ilias Iliou, Stefanos Sarafis, Dimitris Glinos, Kostas Varnalis, Tasos Leivaditis, Yiannis Ritsos, Menelaos Lountemis, Manos Katrakis, Kostas Gavriilidis and Mikis Theodorakis.

On 19 February 1968, an earthquake (7.1 on the Richter scale) demolished most of the houses, which were replaced by concrete prefabricated buildings laid out in a military-like camp formation. Nonetheless, the island retains a very attractive capital, also called Agios Efstratios, while preserving a rather unspoiled Mediterranean environment with pristine beaches. It is mostly a place for relaxation and meditation.

Greece's first green island
Athens News Agency reported that, on 4 June 2009, at a two-day international conference in Athens on "Climate change and Challenges for the Future Generations" under the patronage of UNESCO, Greece's Development Minister Kostis Hatzidakis said that Agios Efstratios would soon become the country's first "green" island, entirely powered by renewable energy sources (RES), its residents relying on solar and wind generated energy and moving around the island on bicycles and in electric cars. Hatzidakis said a €10 million project would be implemented by 2010. At the same conference Professor Philippos Tsalidis, Development Ministry General Secretary for Research and Technology, said that although Greece's energy needs currently required strategic reliance on natural gas, Aghios Efstratios, could serve as a global model for 100% reliance on RES. Agios Efstratios is included in the European Union's Natura 2000 network of nature protected areas.

Transportation
Agios Efstratios has one port, which offers year-round ferry connections to the island of Lemnos, as well to mainland Greece, namely Lavrio. The ship operating these routes is owned by Hellenic Seaways.
There is also a small heliport on the main village outskirts, but it is used mostly for emergency airlift, or coast guard and military helicopters' stopover.

In popular culture
A slightly fictionalized Agios Efstratios appears in the 2013 tactical shooter video game Arma 3 as the island of "Stratis", part of the island country of the "Republic of Altis and Stratis". In the game, Stratis is mostly composed of sparse military installations and a small airfield, with most of the civilian settlements on the island having been left abandoned following a civil war. "Altis", based on Lemnos, is north of the island as it is in real life.

Gallery

References

External links

 Documentary about Agios Efstratios
 Ship Routes to Agios Efstratios
 Municipality of Agios Efstratios Official Page -  Δήμος Αγίου Ευστρατίου Επίσημη Ιστοσελίδα
 Agios Efstratios Sea Pilot

Landforms of Lemnos (regional unit)
Municipalities of the North Aegean
Islands of the North Aegean
Prison islands

Agios Efstratios


The pint (abbreviated pt) is a unit of volume in imperial units and United States customary units. There are three types of pints used in different countries. An imperial pint and US pint both equal  of a quart and  of a gallon.

An imperial fluid ounce is approximately 4% smaller than a US fluid ounce although an imperial pint has 4 more fluid ounces than a US pint, making an imperial pint approximately 20% larger than a US pint.

Imperial Pint
The imperial pint is the pint used in England, Canada, Ireland, and Burma. The unit may appear in other Commonwealth. Confusion in Canada often arises as liquids are occasionally sold in U.S. pints, near the border, although the official and only pint that is legal in Canada is the imperial pint. The imperial system has no dry pint and volume in dry units, since solid objects are measured by mass. 1 imperial pint equals 568,261.25 mm3.

An imperial fluid ounce is approximately 4% smaller than a US fluid ounce although an imperial pint has 4 more fluid ounces than a US pint, making an imperial pint approximately 20% larger than a US pint.

US Wet Pint
The US wet pint, or more commonly 'pint', is the unit used to measure volume in the United States. It is more common than the dry pint which is used for non-liquid volume measurements. 1 US pint is exactly equal to 473,176.473 mm3, defined by the international yard and pound agreement.

US Dry Pint
The US dry pint was a unit used for measuring the volume of solid objects instead of mass or quantity.

Usage
 The wet U.S. pint is still commonly used in the United States.
 In Canada, it is commonly used for alcohol although a pint can vary from 12 fl oz to 20 fl oz and is sometimes incorrectly given in US fl oz.
 In England and Ireland, only milk and pure ethanol are sold in pints; however, milk must have litres next to pints.
 In England, milk is often sold in metric quantities near to imperial pints.

Imperial units
Units of volume

Pint


DC Showcase: Death is an American animated short superhero film directed by Sam Liu, written by J.M. DeMatteis and produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment based on the character Death created by Neil Gaiman and Mike Dringenberg. The short was included as part of the home media release of Wonder Woman: Bloodlines. The artwork for the portrait of Death, as well as several sketch drawings seen during the end credits, were done by comic book artist Jae Lee.

Plot
In flashbacks, the past of Vincent Omata, a man living in Gotham City, is shown.

As a boy, Vincent loves to draw lying on his bedroom floor for hours at a time. Ignoring his father's criticisms, he enrolls in the fine arts program at Gotham University as an adult. There, his professor deems him not talented enough to succeed and cruelly suggests a career in dentistry instead. Over time, Vincent's fruitless struggle as an artist causes the deterioration of his relationship, ending in his girlfriend Charlotte walking out on him after six years.

In the present, Vincent is painting Arkham Asylum's gates, but is fired for his slow pace of work and defiant attitude. He seeks solace in a bar but is tormented by ghosts of his past in the form of fiery demons: his father, his art professor, Charlotte, and his former boss at Arkham. At the bar, Vincent encounters a pale woman in black clothes and gothic makeup. Immediately enamored with her, Vincent expresses a desire to paint her portrait, but the woman explains she has to go and exits the bar to meet Pedro, an employee who has collapsed and been taken away by emergency vehicles.

Vincent staggers home to a decrepit apartment. He shoots up on the couch and falls into a deep sleep, only waking to the sound of a crash. Vincent looks out his window to find the woman being yelled at by two strangers. Vincent defends her from the window, but when he goes outside to help, he finds her alone, the two people revealed to the viewers as victims of a recent car crash. The woman offers to see Vincent's work, and he brings her up to his apartment.

Inside, Vincent is shy about his unfinished canvases, and his demons ridicule him. The woman remarks that he is gifted, but there is a spark missing from his work that was lost long ago. Vincent explains about his childhood spent on his bedroom floor drawing, and how it felt like time stopped when he was creating. He again mentions painting her portrait, explaining that he sees something special in her. She graciously agrees to pose for him. As Vincent prepares to paint, the demons tirelessly try to distract him but he ignores them. While he paints, the demons begin to die, burning out one by one. When he is finished, Vincent is amazed with his work until he realizes that it is still evening and time has stopped.

It is revealed that the mysterious woman is Death of the Endless and that Vincent died from a heroin overdose hours ago. Distraught, Vincent posits that at least his portrait will be a worthwhile thing to leave behind. However, when time resumes, ash from the cigarette in Vincent's corpse's hand falls onto some loose papers and sets his apartment on fire. He attempts to save the painting, but his ghostly body is unable to touch it. Vincent begs Death to stop, but she remarks that the end of his story was written in the book of Destiny long before he was born. As the apartment burns, Vincent asks her to save the painting as his last wish. As she morphs into his younger self, Vincent recognizes Death as the character of his childhood drawings. He thanks her and Death leads him by hand to the afterlife. Later, after the fire is extinguished and Vincent's body is carried away, firefighters are surprised to find everything destroyed but the portrait.

Cast
 Leonardo Nam as Vincent Omata
 Jamie Chung as Death
 Darin De Paul as Professor
 Keith Szarabajka as Supervisor
 Kari Wahlgren as Charlotte

References

External links

2019 animated films
2019 short films
2019 films
DC Showcase
Films about fictional painters
Films directed by Sam Liu
Superhero drama films
2010s direct-to-video animated superhero films
2010s Warner Bros. animated short films
Warner Bros. Animation animated short films
Warner Bros. direct-to-video animated films

DC Showcase: Death


Ele is Finnish producer Sasu Ripatti's debut full-length album as Vladislav Delay. It was released in 1999 on the Australian label Sigma Editions.

The tracks on Ele average over twenty minutes in length.  Two of the tracks, "Kohde" and the title track, were reworked in shorter versions on Delay's second album Entain.

Reception
Allmusic gave it three stars, comparing his music to that of Steve Reich, Oval, Thomas Brinkmann, and Pole and calling it Delay's "defining point-of-departure in defining a new hybrid dub, minimalism, IDM, post-techno music."

Track listing
 "Pisa" (17:35)
 "Kohde" (30:28)
 "Ele" (17:04)

References

1999 debut albums
Vladislav Delay albums

Ele (album)


Siloam daylilies are cultivars of daylilies registered with the American Hemerocallis Society by Pauline Henry of Siloam Springs, Arkansas. Mrs. Henry registered over 450 daylilies during her lifetime.  Most of her daylilies were given a name beginning with the word "Siloam", hence "Siloam Daylilies".

History
Pauline Henry registered her first daylilies in 1963 with Siloam Satin, Siloam Splendor and Siloam Springs.  Siloam Double Classic earned the prestigious Stout Silver Medal in 1993, the society's highest award.  She remained active in daylilies for the remainder of her life; registering 15 cultivars in her final year, passing away on September 20, 2000 at the age of 92.

Siloam daylily cultivars are still very popular.  Today's hybridizers are still cultivating Siloam daylilies as many of the new cultivars of daylilies have been crossed with a Siloam daylily.

References

 American Hemerocallis Society (AHS) online database http://www.daylilies.org/DaylilyDB/
 Siloam Springs, Arkansas Memorial http://www.siloamdaylilies.com

External links
 The American Hemerocallis Society
 American Hemerocallis Society Region 13 honors Pauline Henry
 The Daylily Diary honors Pauline Henry

Hemerocallis

Siloam daylilies


The Scientific Activist was a blog that covers science, politics, and science policy, run by Nick Anthis, a graduate student in biochemistry and Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford. The Scientific Activist gained international recognition in February 2006 when it published information that led to the immediate resignation of Bush administration NASA appointee George Deutsch. Deutsch—who had been accused of censoring scientific information at NASA—claimed to have graduated from Texas A&M University on his résumé, but Anthis discovered that Deutsch had not, in fact, completed his degree there.

The Scientific Activist was founded on January 11, 2006, and was originally hosted by Blogger. It gained early attention for its coverage of Oxford's vocal animal rights movement, and it continued its coverage as the pro-research Pro-Test movement was formed. On June 9, 2006, The Scientific Activist moved to ScienceBlogs.

In July 2006, The Scientific Activist was named one of Nature's "Top five science blogs."

Notes and sources

External links
The Scientific Activist, current site
The Scientific Activist, original site (archives January 11—June 21, 2006)

Science blogs
British science websites
Science activism

The Scientific Activist


Straatligkinders is an Afrikaans rock band from Potchefstroom, South Africa.

History
Straatligkinders was formed in August 2006. Close to their first gig, they recorded four songs and in December 2006 a music video. The video to "Die Beskermer" was then recorded in a factory in Potchefstroom and aired on MK89 in January 2007.

The band launched their EP launch in Potchefstroom, and later played at Thrashers Skate Park in Pretoria. From here on, visits to Pretoria and Johannesburg came weekly.
In March 2007, Straatligkinders was entered into a wish list competition for Oppikoppi Easter. They won this competition on votes from the public and topped bands like Lark and Taxi Violence. This event was also broadcast on MK89 with a whole half an hour devoted to the Straatligkinders performance.

They also played at a children's festival in June 2007. In August 2007, Straatligkinders had their first tour to Cape Town and Stellenbosch. The following weekend the band played their first gig in the Free State.

"Gedagte vir die dag" was released in October 2007, when Straatligkinders released their first full-length album, Bloeisels, which is being distributed countrywide by Brettian Productions. This single was also available on the MK89 compilation CD which was distributed across South Africa from the beginning of October. The video to "Gedagte vir die dag" also spent five weeks at number one on the MK Top 10. Thus far the band has been on the Top 10 for fifteen weeks.

Straatligkinders released an album in 2008, Sweef soos 'n vuishou. In 2010, they are slated to play at the Oppikoppi festival and to release a new album.

Verdwyn 2018

On 16 November 2018 the Straatligkinders' album Verdwyn is released. The album, the band's first new offering in 6 years, comes after the release of the first single from the album, Wonder, on 2 November.
The album was recorded in the band's town of origin, Potchefstoom, as well as Johannesburg and Pretoria from August 2018. The first song on the album was written in June by frontman Bouwer Bosch, and immediately the music portrayed a new direction for the band. The band continued to write the rest of the album for the following 3 months, with recording taking a total of 6 weeks. For the album, the band chose to work with 7 producers, namely Ewald Jansen van Rensburg, Carlo de Villiers, Rudolph Willemse, Peach van Pletzen, Stefan Swart, Bouwer Bosch and Johan Oelofsenn.

"The inspiration for the album was time. How much time changes people, changes life and perspectives. How we grew as people." - Bouwer Bosch. A recurrent inspiration throughout the album was the life experiences of the band members throughout the last 6 years and all the changes which come with growing up.

Straatligkinders described their main challenge with the new album as the quest to marry their heavy rock sound with more popular pop angles and melodies heard on radio today. "When it comes to music, it's not about selling out, it's about buying in so we decided to make music without compromising on our voice and what we want to say. Growing older you have to unlearn a lot of stuff from your younger years, so unlearning was a big part of this album with regards to the way we thought about songwriting and recording. We were just open to do things differently this time." said Bouwer.

Kom Saam 2021

August 2021 sees the release of a brand new single from STRAATLIGKINDERS, entitled KOM SAAM. The song comes after the release of their last album 'Verdwyn' in 2018, and is the first offering from a collection of brand new songs and collaborations to come.

The song was written in June when a producer friend of the band, Spencer Harvey sent them a song that he made for them. The music inspired the rest of the song. An exciting new sound for STRAATLIGKINDERS, the single is an invite and serious gesture at the same time. It is about admitting your flaws and that you don't want to go through life alone anymore.

"You have laid your insecurities and weapons down. It's just you; the stripped down raw you standing in front of something that's feeling the same way. It's a gut punch, but also something for the feet to move on." says Bouwer Bosch.

With a high energy feel to it, KOM SAAM is a rock song with electronic elements tapping into the current relevant sound and genres. A crossover between punk rock and electro, old and new STRAATLIGKINDERS fans will definitely relate to this single offering a modern pop punk sound.

Awards

2007 ATKV Lier-award, (Bloeisels)
2008 Sondag VAMT, Best Alternative Album, (Bloeisels)
2009 MK award, Best Group
2009 Vonk Afrikaans Music award, Best Spiritual Album,(Sweef soos 'n Vuishou)
2009 Vonk Afrikaans Music award, Beste Alternative Album,(Sweef soos 'n Vuishou)
2013 Ghoema award, Best Rock Album,(Konings met Verskonings)

Discography

2006: Maak Jou Oë Toe En Jou Hart Oop

"Klassieke Geveg"
"Elektriese Blomme"
"Genesing"
"Kruis My Hart"

2006: Bloeisels

"Verander Die Wêreld Deur By Jouself Te Begin" - 3:52
"Gedagte Vir Die Dag" - 3:09
"Sien Is Glo..Jou Keuse - 3:44
"Die Beskermer - 4:05
"Die Avontuur Van 'n Hartbreek - 3:35
"Kan Ek Met Jou Dans - 3:24
"Bloeisels - 2:39
"Blanke Skaamte - 2:27
"Jou Seer Is Die Brug Na Iemand Anders Se Hart - 3:40
"Totsiens - 5:14

2008: Sweef Soos 'n Vuishou

"Inleiding"
"Neem My Weg"
"Gewonde Standbeeld"
"Die Vrae Op Jou Arms"
"Die Relevansie Van Vriendskap"
"Desvalido (Met Koldproduk)"
"Swaarder As 'n Swaard"
"D Vir Dans En L Vir Leuns"
"Laat Jou Vuiste Sweef En Skree"
"Eerlikheid Al Maak Dit Seer"
"Gebrande Lippe"
"Die Kuns Om Eg Te Wees"

2010: Lank lank Oorlede en Ses Voet Benede
 "Oudisie een"
 "Helde het ook helde"
 "Kinderkrans"
 "Vredevegter"
 "Die stof wat jy los"
 "Jy vermaak my naar"
 "Ink asem"
 "Prins"
 "Hande wat dra"
 "Reisigers"

2012: Konings Met Verskonings
 "Tweede handse engele"
 "Mooier as gedigte"
 "Fluister fluister"
 "Trane"
 "Voete van klei"
 "Duiwel dans"
 "Sketse"
 "Petrus"
 "Engele skree"
 "Verlore seën "
 "Brandwonde"

2018: Verdwyn

 "Verkyker"
 "Dorings"
 "Nikodemus (feat. Hemelbesem)"
 "Woord Vir Woord"
 "Wonder"
 "Herinner (feat. Lucinda Neethling)"
 "Krake"
 "Wvk"
 "Sak Sarel"
 "Verdwyn"
 "Ek Wil Jou Nooit Weer Sien"
"Verdwyn (Unplugged)"
"Verkyker (Unplugged)"

2019: Singles

 "Goliat"
 "Asem"

2020: Singles

 "Storms"

2021: Singles

 "Kom Saam"
 "Dapper ft. Francois van Coke"

References

External links
 Official Straatligkinders website

South African punk rock groups
South African musical groups

Straatligkinders


Cadillac Place, formerly the General Motors Building, is a landmark high-rise office complex located at 3044 West Grand Boulevard in the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan. It was renamed for the French founder of Detroit, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac. It is a National Historic Landmark in Michigan, listed in 1985.

History

General Motors Building

After much pressure by the General Motors Board of Directors, William C. Durant agreed in 1919 to construct a permanent headquarters in Detroit for the company he formed in 1908. The corporation purchased the block between Cass and Second on West Grand Boulevard and removed the 48 structures from the site to begin work.

Groundbreaking was held June 2, 1919 and the Cass Avenue wing was ready for occupancy in November 1920 while the remainder of the building was under construction. The building was originally named for Durant, but an internal power struggle led to his ouster in 1921 and the structure was renamed the General Motors Building. However, the initial "D" had already been carved above the main entrance and in several other places on the building where they remain today.

The structure was completed in 1922, and served as General Motors world headquarters from 1923 until 2001. It is approximately 2 miles to the southwest of Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly, where Cadillacs are currently built.

New Center Development
In 2001, GM moved the last of its employees into the Renaissance Center on the Detroit River. In 1999, General Motors transferred the property to New Center Development, Inc., a non-profit venture controlled by TrizecHahn Office Properties which acted as developer and began renovation on the upper floors which GM vacated in 2000. The Annex was constructed shortly after the main building, and in the 1940s, it was connected to the adjacent Argonaut Building with a pedestrian bridge on the fourth floor. A parking structure was constructed to the east across Cass Avenue and also connected with a pedestrian bridge. A third bridge was constructed across Grand Boulevard in the early 1980s, to connect the building with New Center One and the St. Regis Hotel.

Government of Michigan—Cadillac Place
The building now houses several Government of Michigan agencies, originally, under a 20-year lease agreement approved in 1998. At the end of the lease, the State had the option to purchase the structure for $1. In 2011 the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (State of Michigan) purchased the building.

The building's 2000-2002 renovation, to house State offices, was one of the nation's largest historic renovation projects. When the renovation project was completed it was renamed Cadillac Place as a tribute to Detroit's founder, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.

Cadillac Place currently houses over 2,000 State employees including the Michigan Court of Appeals for District I. The building's former executive office suite serves as the Detroit office for Michigan's governor and attorney general, and several Justices of the Michigan Supreme Court have offices in the building.

Architecture
The building rises 15 stories to a total height of , with the top floor at . The building has 31 elevators. It was originally constructed with  and expanded to . Designated a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978, it is an exquisite example of Neoclassical architecture.

Designed by architect Albert Kahn, the structure consists of a two-story base with four parallel 15-story wings connecting to a central perpendicular backbone. Kahn used this design to allow sunlight and natural ventilation to reach each of the building's hundreds of individual offices. The entire building is faced in limestone and is crowned with a two-story Corinthian colonnade. In 1923, it opened as the second largest office building in the world (behind the Equitable Building in New York City).

The base of the building is surrounded by an arched colonnade supported by Ionic columns. The entrance is set into a loggia behind three arches of the Grand Boulevard facade. It intersects the arcade to form a large elevator lobby with a coffered ceiling.

Interiors
The interior features a vaulted arcade. An Italian marble from quarries near Chiampo, Vicenza, Veneto, known as , covers its walls. Floors on the ground level are gray Tennessee marble. The arcade was originally lined by stores and an auditorium which could be used for corporate functions or by community groups. The auditorium space was later converted into an auto showroom. On the upper stories, floors are also gray Tennessee marble, while corridor walls are covered in the original white Alabama marble.

On the lower level two swimming pools were located, one was converted into a cafeteria. Tile with a water theme gives a hint to the original use of the cafeteria space. A depressed driveway extending between Cass and Second divides the lower level of the main building from the lower level of the Annex.

When the Fisher Building was constructed across Grand Boulevard in 1927, the two were connected with an underground pedestrian tunnel that also connects north to the New Center Building. They allow employees and visitors to traverse between the three buildings without going outdoors into inclement weather.

Annex Building
To the south of the main building is the five-story Annex which served as the original home of General Motors Research Laboratory. In 1930, the laboratories moved across Milwaukee Avenue to the Art Deco Argonaut Building. For many years after the Annex housed the Chevrolet Central Office. In 2009 when the Argonaut Building was sold, a fourth-floor pedestrian bridge connecting the two was removed and the Annex facade was restored.

Renovation
Between 2000 and 2002, the General Motors Building was thoroughly renovated to house the State of Michigan offices. Architect Eric J. Hill participated in the redevelopment which was headed by Albert Kahn and Associates, the original architects. In addition to upgrading existing systems, reconfiguring some spaces and redecorating, the project installed central air conditioning. When the building was first occupied, it was cooled in the warmer months by opening windows. Later, General Motors installed window units to cool various offices and work areas. During the renovation, large-scale systems replaced almost 1,900 window units that were left when GM vacated the structure.

Photo gallery

See also

 Fisher Building
 Henry Ford Hospital
 New Center, Detroit
 Penobscot Building
 Wayne State University
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit

References

Further reading

External links
 New Center Council
 Esmagazine.com: The Mechanical Modernization Of A Classical Icon
 Buildingphotos.com

Skyscraper office buildings in Detroit
Government buildings in Michigan
General Motors facilities
Headquarters in the United States
National Historic Landmarks in Metro Detroit
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Office buildings completed in 1921
Neoclassical architecture in Michigan
1920 establishments in Michigan
Albert Kahn (architect) buildings

Cadillac Place


The Booster is an amusement park ride made originally by HUSS Maschinenfabrik starting in 1998.

Boosters are an evolution of HUSS' Breakdance ride, and are a competitor of Mondial's Shake and Fabbri's Crazy Shake rides. The basic movement is about the same as these rides, but the car is pivoted so that riders roll over sideways rather than flipped over. They are also known to turn upside down much more frequently than a traditional Shake ride. Most parks require riders to be at least 52 inches or taller.

Although Boosters are popular with riders and regarded as one of HUSS' best attractions by enthusiasts, very few of these rides have been sold.  This can be attributed to it having a lower capacity compared to competing and or similar attractions, and with just as high running costs. Despite all this, the Booster is still being offered by HUSS Park Attractions.

Appearances

As of January 2018, only three of these rides are known to have been built, they are:
 Ghost Rider : A traveling model that currently attends various European funfairs with showman Löffelhardt. It was built in 1998 under the name Booster, and originally traveled with showman Rüdiger before being picked up by its current owner.
 Booster : Another traveling model that was built in 1999 under the name Ecstasy. The name was changed in 2000 and it traveled with showman Wingender in Germany until 2005, where it was then sold to a buyer in Asia.
 Kieppi : A park model that opened at the Linnanmäki park in Finland in 2003. The ride closed in 2016. It's now owned by Dirk Löffelhardt who also has the Ghost Rider. It will travel the funfairs again from summer 2019

References

External links

Amusement rides
Upside-down amusement rides

Booster (HUSS ride)


Bomberman Max: Blue Champion and Bomberman Max: Red Champion are video games released for the Game Boy Color on May 14, 2000. The game was followed by Bomberman Max 2 which was released for the Game Boy Advance on June 4, 2002. There are two versions called Bomberman Max: Blue Champion and Bomberman Max: Red Challenger. In Blue Champion the playable character is Bomberman where in Red Challenger the playable character is Max.

A third version of the game, Bomberman Max: Ain Version, was a Japan-exclusive limited edition. Limited to 2,000 copies, it was only available through a lucky draw contest by the Pentel Ain ad campaign.

Story
The story in both versions of the game is the same. An artificial intelligence named Brain has transformed five peaceful, happy planets into cold, dark, mechanical worlds. Both Bomberman and Max hear the distress cry of the Charaboms who live on these planets, and they begin a race to see who can save the Charaboms and defeat Brain first.

Gameplay
Bomberman and Max must conquer 100 different stages, all of which have the classic overhead Bomberman view. Only 80 of them are playable by default, as the other 20 stages are version-exclusive. To unlock those version-exclusive stages the player must link the Game Boy Color with another one having the opposite version using the infrared sensors in the Pitch Area. While there are various tasks on each level, gameplay mainly consists of bombing, similar to the debut NES title.  Some of the levels can only be unlocked by the Infer Red Function on a Gameboy Color.

A new addition to the game is the introduction of the Charaboms. Each game has a unique set of Charaboms obtainable through single player mode.

Release
Bomberman Max was developed by Hudson Soft and published by Vatical Entertainment. It was originally planned for either a spring or summer 2000 release in the United States.

Reception
Bomberman Max: Blue Champion has an aggregated review score of 74.50% based on four reviews on Gamerankings.  Christian Huey of Allgame suggested that the Charabom mode owes a lot to Pokémon, citing both the monster battling aspect as well as the fact that the game has two versions like Pokémon Red and Blue did. As far as traditional Bomberman gameplay goes, Huey felt that it was the pinnacle of the series at the time, and that while Bomberman fans will be satisfied, casual gamers may be turned off by the multiple versions. Brett Elston of GamesRadar called it the strangest addition to the Bomberman franchise until Bomberman: Act Zero released, criticizing the developer for "missing the point" of having multiple versions. Jeremy Parish praised it as a quality multiplayer experience for the Game Boy Color, hoping that it would see a re-release on a hypothetical Game Boy Color Mini. Craig Harris of IGN praised the game, citing the music, visuals, and gameplay for making it a quality experience. He also praised the infra-red functionality of the game. However, Harris felt disappointment that a traditional Bomberman multiplayer experience was absent. Justin Speer of GameSpot praised the gameplay, but similarly expressed disappointment that the game lacks a traditional multiplayer mode for the series, feeling that the multiplayer mode present does not make up for it.

References

Notes

1999 video games
Max
Game Boy Color games
Game Boy Color-only games
Konami franchises
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan
Action games
Hudson Soft games
Vatical Entertainment games
Video games with alternative versions

Bomberman Max


Ein Harod () was a kibbutz in northern Israel near Mount Gilboa. Founded in 1921, it became the center of Mandatory Palestine's kibbutz movement, hosting the headquarters of the largest kibbutz organisation, HaKibbutz HaMeuhad.

In 1923 part of the community split off into Tel Yosef, and in 1952 the rest of the community split into Ein Harod (Ihud) and Ein Harod (Meuhad).

It was named after the nearby spring then known in Arabic as Ain Jalut, "Spring of Goliath", Hebraized as "Ein Harod", now Ma'ayan Harod. It was built on land formerly belonging to the villages of Qumya and Tamra.

History

Middle Ages
The original kibbutz was located near the 1260 battlefield of Ayn Jalut, a battle in which the Mongols suffered their first defeat at the hands of the Mamluks, which arguably saved the Mamluk sultanate from annihilation.

Ottoman era and British Mandate
In the early 20th century the spring and the surrounding area were owned by the Sursock family from Beirut, which had bought the land from the Ottoman government in 1872 and who established a small village in the area.

In 1921, when the land was sold by the Sursocks, the nine families who lived here petitioned the new British administration for perpetual ownership, but were only offered a short lease with an option to buy, and the land was instead acquired by the Jewish community as part of the Sursock Purchases.

Named the "Nuris Bloc" after a nearby Arab village, the area was bought by the Zionist activist Yehoshua Hankin through the Palestine Land Development Company.

The kibbutz's first location
The kibbutz was founded in 1921 by Russian Jewish pioneers of the Third Aliyah.

In 1921, members of the Gdud HaAvoda "Work Battalion", at a time when their road work was decreasing, set up a work camp in the Harod Valley, the eastern extension of the Jezreel Valley, at the foot of Mount Gilboa. In 1921, 35 young people from the Gdud pitched tents at the Harod Spring.

Shlomo Lavi, among the leaders of the Gdud, had envisioned the "Big Kvutza", a settlement consisting of several farms spread on vast terrain with both agriculture and industry. His plan was approved by the World Zionist Organization, but with some limitations on his detailed vision. The Gdud began this settlement near the Ain Jalut which was known to Jews as Ein Harod. Yehuda Kopolevitz Almog, one of the Gdud's leaders, describes that in the first day the settlers set up tents and began enclosing their camp with barbwire and defensive trenches. The group began to farm land which the Palestine Land Development Company had purchased from the Arab village of Nuris, in the eastern part of the Jezreel Valley. The Gdud members worked here at draining the swamps, a permanent source of malaria.

The first 74 members pioneers were split into two groups. One of the Second Aliyah, former members of Hashomer and Kvutzat Kinneret, and the other from the Third Aliyah. In the first months, the settlers sowed fields, planted a eucalyptus grove, paved roads and dried swamps. An Ulpan, a school for learning Hebrew was set up in the camp. In December 1921, a second farm called Tel Yosef (after Joseph Trumpeldor) was established by members of the Gdud on the hill of Qumya. Disagreements on funds and internal politics have led Ein Harod and Tel Yosef to part ways in 1923, with many members leaving the former for the latter. The group that remained in Ein Harod included 110 members and was headed by Lavi, Yitzhak Tabenkin, Aharon Zisling and David Maletz. The group at Ein Harod continued to get little support from the Zionist organizations and after the 1929 Palestine riots, the members chose to move their camp from the area of the spring to the hill of Qumya, next to Tel Yosef and thus the settlement at the spring was abandoned. Two-thirds of the group are believed to have resettled at Tel Yosef. While it's sometimes considered that Ein Ḥarod was founded in 1921 and Tel Yosef in 1923, together they formed one farming unit. The spring continued to be used as a camp site for the pioneers of Beit HaShita and Dovrat before their departure to their permanent locations.

According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Ein Harod had a population of 244 Jews.

Leadership of Kibbutz movement
In 1924, the Ein Harod group was joined by members of the Havurat HaEmek group. In 1925, under the leadership of Yitzhak Tabenkin, Ein Harod became the center of countrywide kibbutz movement joined by members of Yagur, Ashdot Yaakov and Ayelet HaShahar, forming the basis of HaKibbutz HaMeuhad.

Ein Harod became the organizational headquarters of the movement. In 1926, during a breakup of the Gdud HaAvoda along ideological faultlines separating the Marxists from the more moderate leftists, Ein Harod and Tel Yosef ceased their close cooperation.

Permanent location
In 1930, when the collective moved to a permanent location at the foot of Kumi Hill, the kibbutz had 239 members.

The village played an important role in the defence of the area during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, known by the Jews of the era as "the disturbances," during which it was the base of Orde Wingate's Special Night Squads. In 1945 the Haganah had a small prison there in which they detained members of the Irgun during the Season. However, on 29 June 1946, as part of Operation Agatha, the British army occupied the kibbutz by force. By 1947 it had a population of 1,120.

In 1949, the village of Gidona was also established near to the spring for Jewish immigrants from Yemen.

Ideological split
In 1952, in the wake of ideological differences between supporters of the two main socialist parties, Mapai and Mapam, the kibbutz split, creating two separate kibbutzim: Ein Harod (Ihud), affiliated with Mapai and belonging to Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim; and Ein Harod (Meuhad), affiliated with Mapam and belonging to HaKibbutz HaMeuhad. Today both kibbutzim belong to the United Kibbutz Movement.

Museums

Mishkan Museum of Art  is one of the first art museums in Israel.  The museum was founded in 1937 as an "art corner" during the early years of the kibbutz in the belief that culture and art were among the essential components of a society. The artworks were initially displayed in the art studio owned by Haim Atar, a small wooden hut. A new, imposing, museum building, designed by an architect , was inaugurated in 1948. During construction of the museum, the 1952 Mapai/Mapam split happened, but the museum was preserved as the joint institution for the split kibbuzim. The museum was declared as a "heritage site" by the Council for Conservation of Heritage Sites in Israel.

 houses a collection of archaeology and artifacts related to local history of the area.

Notable people
Yosef Alon
Meir Har-Zion (1934–2014), military commando
Dorothea Krook-Gilead
Shlomo Lavi, founding member; Zionist activist and politician
Avraham Shlonsky (1900–1973), founding member; Hebrew author, translator and editor
Yitzhak Tabenkin (1888–1971), founding member; Zionist activist and politician
Aharon Zisling
 (1902-1953), painter, founding member
Aviva Rabinovich, professor of botany

See also
Israeli art

References

External links

Museum of Art Ein Harod
Beit Shturman
Ein Harod, circa 1921
Ein Harod, circa 1925
Railway station near Ein Harod, circa 1929

Gilboa Regional Council
Populated places established in 1921
Populated places established in 1930
Jewish villages in Mandatory Palestine
1921 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
1930 establishments in Mandatory Palestine

Ein Harod


"Hometown Glory" is Adele's debut single. It is from her album 19. The song was also re-released as her fourth single.

"Hometown Glory" was firstly released in 2007 as Adele debut single on singer Jamie T's Pacemaker Recordings label as a limited edition 7" vinyl single, of which only 500 copies were made. The song failed to chart mainly due to high downloads of the song during her 19 album release week, the song managed to chart within the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart for the first time.

The song was later released in 2008 as Adele's debut single for the US market. In the UK, due to the popularity of the song, which resulted in the song charting twice within the UK top 40 on download sales, the song was released as the third single (the fourth including the release of the original single) from the album on 21 July 2008. As of 27 July 2008, the track has become Adele's third consecutive UK Top 20 hit single.

Music video
The music video for "Hometown Glory" was a live performance video, recorded for the re-release of the single. The initial limited edition vinyl release of "Hometown Glory" does not have a promotional video.

Features
The song has featured on various television shows.

On April 7, 2008, "Hometown Glory" was featured in the teen drama Skins, resulting in the song again charting in the UK Singles Charts top 40 at number 32. Later that month, on April 24, 2008, it was featured on One Tree Hill episode 5.15, and on May 22, 2008, the song was featured on the season four finale of Grey's Anatomy. On June 10, 2008, the song was used on popular British soap opera Hollyoaks and was used again in the soap opera on October 13, 2008. On July 2, 2008, it was featured in season 4 of So You Think You Can Dance in a Mia Michaels' contemporary dance by Katee Shean and eventual winner, Joshua Allen. It also featured in a Season 2 episode of Secret Diary of A Call Girl. The track has recently been used in advertisements and promotional scenes for the British soap opera Coronation Street.

References

Adele songs
2007 songs
Debut singles

Hometown Glory


A traction power station is a power station that produces only traction current, that is, electric current used for railways, trams, trolleybuses or other conveyances.  Pure traction power stations are rare and there are many more power stations that generate current for other purposes, such as standard three-phase alternating current (AC), in addition to traction current.

Examples

Australia
 Former Newport A Power Station, operated by the Victorian Railways in Melbourne.

Germany
 Muldenstein Bahnkraftwerk Muldenstein (German), in the former East Germany
 Nuclear power station Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant (GKN Block 1) The only nuclear power station that produces traction current directly with the world's largest generator for single phase AC.
 Walchensee Hydroelectric Power Station, Bavaria.
 Pump storage power station Langenprozelten.
 Großkraftwerk Power Station in Mannheim.

Norway
 Hakavik Power Station
 Kjofossen Power Station

United Kingdom
 Former Lots Road Power Station in Chelsea, London.  Provided power to London Underground from 1905 to 2002.

United States
 Conowingo Dam, and Holtwood Dam on the Susquehanna River provide 25 Hz traction power for the Northeast Corridor in the United States

See also
Railway electrification system
Traction substation
Traction power network

References

Power station technology
Electric rail transport
Traction power networks

Traction powerstation


Shark Night (advertised as Shark Night 3D)  is a 2011 American horror film directed by David R. Ellis and written by Will Hayes and Jesse Studenberg. It stars Sara Paxton, Chris Carmack,  Katharine McPhee,  Alyssa Diaz, Dustin Milligan, and Joel David Moore. The film, which was negatively received by critics and grossed $40 million worldwide, was released in Real D 3D and Digital 3D. This was Ellis's final film before his death.

Plot

Jess goes for a swim in the lake. Her boyfriend scares her and takes her bra off. He leaves and she goes to retrieve it. She is then attacked and devoured by a shark.

At Tulane University, Gordon and Nick are in their dorm when Malik bursts in. Malik tells them that he got a B+ on an exam and that they are going to Sara Palski's house for the weekend to celebrate. As the three walk out, Malik says he is going to marry his girlfriend Maya. Maya pulls up in a car with Beth. Blake and Sara arrive. The kids drive toward the lake and stop at a bait shop. They meet Dennis Crim and Red. The seven college kids drive toward the lake until Sheriff Sabin appears. Malik, Maya, Nick, and Blake take the boat out to go water skiing. Malik is attacked by a shark and loses his arm. Maya, Nick, and Sara take him in the boat to the hospital. Malik is still bleeding from his arm. It bleeds into a hole in the boat, leaking blood into the water. A shark bumps the boat and devours Maya. The other three are forced to jump off the boat as the steering and brakes stop working.

By night, Red and Dennis appear and offer to take two people to the hospital. Beth and Gordon decide to go. While on the way Dennis explains that he and Red put the sharks in the lake. He then shoots Gordon in the arm. Gordon swims towards a tree and climbs it but is caught by a shark. Beth gets thrown into a net and gets attacked and killed by a pack of cookiecutter sharks.

Blake tells Malik that Maya is dead and in a burst of rage, Malik tries to kill the shark responsible. Nick notices a camera attached to the shark. Blake tells the others he is taking Malik to a hospital on Sarah's WaveRunner. As they drive toward the hospital, Malik sees a great white shark following them. He sacrifices himself and is killed. As Blake tries to escape, the shark jumps out of the water and decapitates him.

Sheriff Sabin arrives at the house, where he notices the dead shark on the shore. He radios for backup. Nick passes out, knocking over a container of chicken noodle soup that the sheriff had. Sherman, the dog eats it. Sara overhears on the radio about Beth's death. She and Nick are kidnapped by Dennis and the sheriff.

Nick wakes up tied to a chair. He panics as the sheriff explains that Sabin, Red, Dennis, and a bait store clerk were heavily influenced by Shark Week. They decided to record people getting brutally devoured by sharks. Sabin cuts Nick's leg and spills gasoline. Nick uses his lighter to burn the rope to free himself. He then throws it at the sheriff who catches on fire. The sheriff falls into the lake and is devoured by a shark.

On the boat, Dennis chops up fish and dumps the blood and guts all over Sara who is in a shark cage. Nick jumps aboard with a dart gun aimed at Red's head as he demands that Dennis bring Sarah back up. Dennis agrees, but then pulls out a knife and throws it, hitting Red in the heart. Nick throws the body overboard. Dennis and Nick fight. Nick knocks Dennis into the water and brings Sarah up out of the water. Dennis grabs a lever and pulls it re-submerging the cage.

The two start to fight again and a shark appears. Dennis gets his leg tangled up in the rope attached to the cage and is eaten. Nick dives down to retrieve a weapon from the ship and kills the sharks. Nick and Sara make it back to the boat along with the dog.

Cast
 Sara Paxton as Sara Palski
 Dustin Milligan as Nick LaDuca
 Chris Carmack as Dennis Crim
 Katharine McPhee as Beth Mazza
 Joel David Moore as Gordon Guthrie
 Donal Logue as Sheriff Greg Sabin
 Joshua Leonard as Red
 Sinqua Walls as Malik Henry
 Alyssa Diaz as Maya Valdez
 Chris Zylka as Blake Hammond
 Jimmy Lee Jr. as Carl
 Damon Lipari as Keith
 Christine Quinn as Jess
 Kelly Sry as Wonsuk
 Tyler Bryan as Kyle

Production
Principal photography took place in the fall of 2010 in Louisiana around the Ark-La-Tex and at Caddo Lake in Uncertain, Texas.

The sharks featured in the film were animatronic sharks built by Edge Innovations, who previously built sharks for movies such as Deep Blue Sea, Austin Powers in Goldmember, and even the Orca in Free Willy. According to Walt Conti, the head of Edge Innovations, two models for each shark were built, one "attacker" and one "swimmer", each of which required very different internal mechanisms. "Sharks are this total contrast of stealthy, cruising lurking and these intense bursts of power," Conti says. "We split those two behaviors into two different types of models, and optimized each to do one of those things best."

Although the movie was always going to be titled Shark Night 3D overseas, Ellis fought for a name change for the North American release, at one point wanting to release the film under the title Untitled Shark Thriller 3D. Bloody Disgusting would later compare the proposed title of the film to Ellis's previous film Snakes on a Plane (2006).

Reception

Shark Night received negative reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that the film holds a 18% approval rating from 70 critics, with an average score of 3.42/10. The critics consensus reads, "A joyless excursion into the water that doesn't even produce good gore or nudity thanks to the neutered PG-13 rating." The film has a normalized score of 22/100 on Metacritic, indicating generally unfavorable reviews. The positive reviews praised the film for providing "dumb fun." IMDb gave it an average 4/10 rating.

See also
List of killer shark films

References

External links

2011 3D films
2011 horror films
2011 films
American 3D films
American natural horror films
Films about sharks
Films directed by David R. Ellis
Films scored by Graeme Revell
Films set in New Orleans
Films shot in Louisiana
Films shot in Texas
Films about shark attacks
Relativity Media films
Films about snuff films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films

Shark Night


Anna Marie Jernigan (born July 15, 1998), better known by the ring name Anna Jay, is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW).

Professional wrestling career

Independent circuit (2018–2020)
Jay started training at One Fall Power Factory in July 2018. In April 2019 during training, she suffered a shoulder injury that required surgery and was out of action for 4 to 6 months. On September 14, 2019, Jay made her debut at Glacier's charity event "The Battle of Altama". In January 2020, Jay defeated Thunder Blonde in a hair vs. hair match at a Georgia Premier Wrestling event.

All Elite Wrestling (2020–present)
Jay made her first appearance in All Elite Wrestling (AEW) on April 1, 2020, losing to Hikaru Shida in singles competition on Dynamite. She was announced as having signed with the company that same month. Following a loss to  Abadon on the June 17 episode of Dynamite, she was then helped backstage by The Dark Order. Jay teamed with Tay Conti in the AEW Women's Tag Team Cup Tournament: The Deadly Draw. They advanced in the quarterfinals by defeating Nyla Rose and Ariane Andrew but lost to Ivelisse and Diamante during the semifinals. She was officially introduced as a member of The Dark Order on the August 27 episode of Dynamite. On the November 25 episode of Dynamite, Jay challenged Shida for the AEW Women's World Championship in a losing effort. On December 30, she and Conti defeated Britt Baker and Penelope Ford on the special episode of Dynamite and tribute to deceased leader of The Dark Order, Brodie Lee, dubbed the Brodie Lee Celebration of Life. In February 2021, Jay was set to compete in the AEW Women's World Championship Eliminator Tournament but was taken off after suffering a shoulder injury during training. She underwent surgery the following month, and was expected not to wrestle for 6–12 months.

Jay returned from injury on the September 1 episode of Dynamite, saving Conti from an attack by Ford and The Bunny after Conti defeated Ford in a match. In November, Jay competed in the TBS Women's Championship Tournament, where she lost to Jamie Hayter in the first round. After months of feuding, the team of Jay and Conti defeated the team of Ford and The Bunny in a street fight on December 31 on Rampage. Jay then challenged Jade Cargill for the AEW TBS Championship in the main event of the January 21, 2022, edition of Rampage, where she was unsuccessful.  On May 29, Jay faced Cargill for the championship again at Double or Nothing where she was unsuccessful again. On July 20, during Night 2 of Fyter Fest, Jay turned heel by attacking Ruby Soho, thus reuniting with Conti and joining the Jericho Appreciation Society. After her heel turn, Jay would go on to defeat Ruby Soho during the Rampage portion of Fight for the Fallen, choking Soho out with her own arm brace.

Her heel turn would also see a gimmick change for Jay, who would  often threaten to choke people out and even do so twice during backstage interviews. She would also adopt the new ring name of Anna Jay A.S. as a reference to her new stable, while also being referred by her original name. Jay and Melo would continue their feud with Soho throughout the rest of 2022 and the beginning of 2023, with Jay and Melo beating Soho and Willow Nightingale in a tag team match on the December 28 episode of Dynamite and Soho and Nightingale beating them in a street fight on the January 11, 2023, episode of Rampage.

After a two month absence, Jay returned on the March 25, 2023, episode of Rampage, attacking Julia Hart. This set up a match for two weeks later on the same show, which Hart won after spraying black mist onto Jay's eyes. After a series of post-match attacks, Jay and Hart would have a rematch on the May 10 episode of Dynamite, in which Hart emerged victorious once again. On the June 23 episode of Rampage, Jay competed in the Owen Hart Foundation Women's Tournament, losing to Skye Blue in the quarterfinals of the tournament.

Personal life
On June 28, 2021, Jay revealed over social media that she is currently in a relationship with fellow AEW wrestler Jack Perry.

Championships and accomplishments
 All Elite Wrestling
 AEW Dynamite Awards (1 time)
 Biggest WTF Moment (2022) –
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 103 of the top 150 female wrestlers in the PWI Women's 150 in 2022

Luchas de Apuestas record

References

External links

Georgia Premier Wrestling profile

1998 births
21st-century female professional wrestlers
All Elite Wrestling personnel
American female professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Brunswick, Georgia
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
The Dark Order members
Jericho Appreciation Society members

Anna Jay


The Hereford Museum and Art Gallery is a local museum in the cathedral city of Hereford, Herefordshire, England.

The museum is housed in a Victorian Gothic building. Through the generosity of James Rankin, President of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club, it was opened as a free library and museum on 8 October 1874 and has since exhibited artefacts, fine art, and decorative art associated with the local area.

Exhibitions

There are regular temporary exhibitions of craftwork, paintings, photography, and prints.
In 2006, the bicentennial of Joseph Murray Ince was celebrated with an exhibition.

The designs of Christopher Dresser were exhibited in 2007.
An exhibition of work by the locally born artist Brian Hatton (1887–1916) was displayed at the gallery between November 2007 and January 2008.

Having closed temporarily for building repairs in September 2015, the Hereford Museum and Art Gallery re-opened for the summer months in July 2017. As of July 2017, exhibits in the museum include a two-headed calf, a two-metre long fish, various swords, elements of costume and textiles, as well as objects of historic, social and scientific interest dating back from the pre-historic era up to the 20th century. The gallery currently has over 80 works by Brian Hatton, as well as many of his materials and selected letters.

Accessibility
In 2005, the museum became the first in the United Kingdom to invest in the Talking Tactile Tablet (T3), developed at the UK's Royal National College for the Blind in Hereford together with a software company based in the USA.

See also
 List of museums in Herefordshire

References

External links
 Hereford Museum and Art Gallery, Herefordshire Council

Art museums established in 1874
Museums in Herefordshire
Local museums in Herefordshire
Art museums and galleries in Herefordshire
Hereford
Buildings and structures in Hereford
Decorative arts museums in England
1874 establishments in England

Hereford Museum and Art Gallery


Paul Curran is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for the Thomas Davis club and for the Dublin county team. He is currently the manager of Oliver Plunkett's and was previously with the Dublin Under-21 team as part of Jim Gavin's backroom team as well as manager of Ballymun Kickhams and Clann na nGael.

On 10 October 10, 2018, he was strongly linked with the Roscommon senior football job which was left vacant by Kevin McStay, who decided to walk away from a role he promised to do until 2020.

Sporting achievements
Curran was part of the Dublin team that beat Tyrone in the 1995 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, he was also awarded the Texaco Footballer of the Year award in 1995 and was also the vice captain of the Dublin Senior football team. He played at right half back during the final. Curran also won the National Football League with Dublin in 1991 and 1993. He has also been an All-Star for Dublin on three occasions in 1992, 1995 and 1996. He has six Leinster Senior Football medals with Dublin in 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 2002. Paul Curran is also an occasional panelist on RTÉ's The Sunday Game. He was also named on the annual Bluestars football team on six successive years in a variety of positions. Paul was on the Thomas Davis team that dominated the era of 1989 - 91 when they won three Dublin Senior Football Championships in-a-row.
He also played for Kilmaucd Crokes for 1 year after a row with Thomas Davis.

He won the 2012 Dublin senior football championship as manager of Ballymun Kickhams.

Football pedigree
Paul's father Noel Curran is also a winner of an All-Ireland medal; he was full forward on the Meath team which won the All Ireland in 1967. He knocked out 3 of Finbar Cullen's teeth in an off-the-ball incident in December 97. Cullen has stated he forgave Curran years ago in an interview with his club website.

Positions
Curran was a versatile player, he played at many positions for Dublin during his inter-county career. In his first senior football year of 1990, Curran played at midfield for Dublin, partnering his club-mate Dave Foran. In 1991 he was at centre half-back, and he changed again in 1992 when was picked right half-back. The changes continued in 1993 when he was selected at left half-back. Then in 1994 he played at centre half-forward while in 1995 he was named at midfield alongside Erins Isle's Keith Barr, although he played in the All-Ireland final for Dublin at right half back in the final.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Dublin inter-county Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football backs
Gaelic football managers
Gaelic games writers and broadcasters
Sportspeople from Dublin (city)
Thomas Davis Gaelic footballers
Texaco Footballers of the Year
Winners of one All-Ireland medal (Gaelic football)

Paul Curran (Gaelic footballer)