Stars are grouped into stellar populations, depending on the fractions of chemical elements inside the star. In astronomy, all elements except hydrogen and helium are called metals. Elements like carbon and oxygen are called metals in astronomy, even though they are non-metals in chemistry. The metallicity of a star is the amount of metals in it.

There are three stellar populations: population 1, population 2, and population 3.

Population 1 stars have high amounts of metals, like our Sun. They are mostly found in the spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy. They are the newest stars.
Population 2 stars have low amounts of metals. They are mostly found in the central bulge of the Milky Way Galaxy. They are older stars.
Population 3 stars have not been seen directly. They probably lived early in the Universe. They would have had almost no metals - they would be almost entirely hydrogen and helium. These stars probably created the first heavy elements that became part of later stars.

Related pages
Cepheid variable

Stars

Stellar population


Jacinto Caamaño Moraleja (September 8, 1759 – November 29, 1829 in Guayaquil) was the leader of the last great Spanish exploration of Alaska (then Russian America) and the coast of what is now British Columbia. He was a Knight of the Military Order of Calatrava.

Early life

Born in Madrid, he came from an aristocratic Galician family, whose homestead was near Santiago de Compostela. His father was Juan Fernández de Caamaño, and his mother, Mariana Moraleja Alocen. He entered the Spanish Navy (Armada) at the age of 18, and two years later he was an Ensign (Alférez de Navio).

Explorations
A few years later he formed part of a politico-commercial expedition to Constantinople to establish business relations with Turkey, Poland, and Russia. After a quick trip to Cuba in 1787, he was chosen by Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra to go to the Pacific Coast of Mexico and the naval base of San Blas, the headquarters for the exploration of the Pacific Northwest. He was a Frigate Lieutenant (Teniente de Fragata) at the time. Alongside went his brother-in-law, Francisco de Eliza, who would distinguish himself as Governor of Fort San Miguel on Vancouver Island's Nootka Sound. On their ship to Mexico was the recently named Viceroy of New Spain, Don Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo. On February 3, 1790, Caamaño took part on an expedition to the Pacific Northwest. He was commanding the Nuestra Señora del Rosario (also known as the La Princesa), a 189-ton frigate built in San Blas for the exploration of the North. He did not go beyond Nootka on this voyage, but on his next one, in 1792, came as far as Bucareli Bay commanding the frigate Aránzazu, a corvette built at Cavite in the Philippines. By this time he had been promoted to Ship Lieutenant (Teniente de Navío). This expedition did a thorough study of the coast from Bucareli to Nootka, marking the map of Alaska and British Columbia with many names which are there today. Sailing from Nootka on June 13, 1792, Caamaño explored Bucareli Bay, off Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, and anchored in Dixon Entrance on July 20. Then he explored southward, passing through Principe Channel, Nepean Sound, Whale Sound, near the Estevan Group archipelago, then into Caamaño Sound and south through Laredo Channel, between Aristazabal Island and Princess Royal Island, returning to Nootka on September 7, 1792. He named Principe Channel, Laredo Channel, Campania Island, Campania Sound, Aristazabal Island, Gil Island and Gravina Island after Federico Gravina). George Vancouver adopted these names for his chart.

Later career and family
Having successfully completed his trip to Alaska, Caamaño was sent, after a brief stay in San Blas, across the Pacific Ocean to the Philippines. From 1794 to 1807 he served at various posts between Mexico and Peru, having married on one of those trips the Ecuadorian, Francisca de Arteta Santistevan, who gave him eight children. In 1820 he was still living in Guayaquil, the birthplace of his youngest daughter, but nothing is known of the date and place of his death. Some of his descendants, the Caamaño family, have been historically prominent in Ecuador, most notably his grandson, José Plácido Caamaño, who became president of the Republic. Also noted is his great-grandson, Jacinto Jijón y Caamaño, a noted aristocrat, historian and politician; as well as another great-grandson, the poet Ernesto Noboa y Caamaño, among others.

Legacy
Camano Island, an island in Puget Sound, was named to honor Jacinto Caamaño, as was Caamaño Sound, British Columbia, on the northern limit of which there is also Jacinto Island.  Other Spanish names in the immediate vicinity of Caamaño Sound are Campania Sound, Estevan Point (named by Juan José Pérez Hernández) and Aristazabal Island.  Also named for him is Caamaño Passage northwest of Prince Rupert (between Dundas and Zayas Islands).

See also
List of ships in British Columbia

References
Wagner, Henry R., "The Journal of Jacinto Caamaño" in the British Columbia Historical Quarterly. 2(3), 189-222 & 2(4), 265-300.
Wagner, Henry R., Northwest Coast, pp. 233–235.
Hayes, Derek, Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest, p. 76.
Howgego, Raymond, Encyclopedia of Exploration I, C1, p. 167.
Kathleen E Dalzell, The Queen Charlotte Islands Vol. 2: Of Places and Names (Queen Charlotte Islands)

Notes

Further reading

1759 births
1820s deaths
People from Madrid
Spanish explorers of North America
Explorers of British Columbia
Spanish history in the Pacific Northwest
18th-century explorers
18th-century Spanish people
19th-century Spanish people
Explorers of Alaska

Jacinto Caamaño


Bunyola is a municipality of the island of Mallorca, Spain, located in the spurs of the Serra de Tramuntana, at a distance of  from Palma. The municipality has an area of  and a population of 6,636 inhabitants,INE Instituto Nacional Estadística and the Ferrocarril de Sóller passes through it on the way to Palma. (INE 2018).

The municipality of Bunyola is located in the Comarca of Serra de Tramuntana, the Tramuntana Range was awarded World Heritage Status by UNESCO as an area of great physical and cultural significance. Bunyola borders with other municipalities of Palma de Mallorca, Marratxí, Santa Maria del Camí, Alaró, Escorca, Sóller, Deià and Valldemossa. Palmayola, Sa Font Seca y Orient are located within the municipality boundaries.

Celebration day of the patron saint, San Mateo, is on the 21st of September.

The Raixa Estate is located in Bunyola. It is a large Italian style villa surrounded by Pietro Lazzarini-designed gardens, and was used as the filming location for the 1982 film, Evil under the Sun. Once owned by the German designer Jil Sander, it was subsequently purchased by the Island Council of Majorca. It reopened to visitors in late 2018.

References

Municipalities in Mallorca
Populated places in Mallorca

Bunyola


Flex Mentallo is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Grant Morrison and artist Richard Case in 1990, during their run on Doom Patrol. Flex is in part a parody of Charles Atlas' long-running "The Insult that made a Man out of Mac" advertisements seen in American comics from the past.

In 1996, Flex Mentallo appeared in a self-titled, four-issue miniseries written by Morrison and illustrated by Frank Quitely. The miniseries forms part of what Morrison calls a thematic hypersigil trilogy along with The Invisibles and The Filth.

Mentallo appears in his first live-action adaptation on the Doom Patrol television series for DC Universe and HBO Max, portrayed by Devan Chandler Long.

Publication history
Flex Mentallo first appeared in 1991 in issue #35 of Grant Morrison's run on Doom Patrol as a member of the audience for Danny the Street's Perpetual Cabaret. Later in the storyline, Flex reveals that he is actually "The Man of Muscle Mystery", and tidies his appearance. In issue #42, Flex is revealed to be not an entirely original creation, but rather a parody of the post-workout protagonist of Charles Atlas' long-running "The Insult that made a Man out of Mac" advertisements seen in American comics from the past.

Also parodied was My Greatest Adventure, the title in which the Doom Patrol originally appeared. Part of a long string of fictional characters "come to life" in Morrison's writing, Flex was apparently created by a psychic child with a green pen. The characters created in this child's youthful scrawlings, titled "My Greenest Adventure", apparently came to life.  Amongst Flex's "Greenest Adventure" siblings were the villainous Waxworker and the heroic Fact.

In 1996, Flex Mentallo received his own four-issue mini-series written by Morrison and illustrated by Frank Quitely. Although ignored by the Charles Atlas company at the time, it was later brought to the company's attention by a fan of the comics. Charles Atlas company president Jeffrey C. Hogue was unhappy with its likeness being used this way, and filed a trademark infringement suit against DC Comics. DC submitted a motion for summary dismissal, which was granted on the basis of fair use using the parody defense.

DC has reprinted Flex's initial appearances, including the Charles Atlas parody, in the third and fourth collections of the Morrison Doom Patrol stories, "'Down Paradise Way" and "Musclebound". In 2012, DC reprinted the miniseries in a hardcover edition with bonus material. The miniseries had previously been reprinted in Italian by Italian publisher Magic Press.

Fictional character biography
Flex made his first appearance in Doom Patrol #36, where he appeared as a shaggy amnesiac on Danny the Street. When the false Men from N.O.W.H.E.R.E., controlled by a fanatic named Darren Jones, tried to destroy Danny the Street, the Doom Patrol came in to try and put a stop to it. Seeing them battle was what gave Flex his memory back. His origin story was given in Musclebound.

When Flex was still a "mac" instead of a "man", he was bullied a lot while on the beach. Tired of being scrawny, he was approached by a man who had a TV for a head and smoked three cigarinos at a time. He gave Flex a coupon to fill out to get a body building book, "Muscle Mystery for You". The instructions in the book turned Flex into the muscled strongman he is now, and he learned that when he flexed one type of muscle, he could alter reality. As he did, his "Hero Halo" appeared over him, which read "Hero of the Beach". After this, he decided to become a crimefighter and dressed in wrestling boots and leopard-skin trunks.

Flex teamed up with a group of heroes, the Zipper, the Atomic Pile, Dr. 45 and his assistant Romantic Rick, and the Fact. Strangely enough, he hinted, all their adventures revolved around the color green.

In 1956, while judging a swimsuit competition, Flex fell in love with and later married a woman named Dolores Watson. He was then approached by a reporter named Norman Grindstone, who was investigating the disappearance of detective Harry Christmas. Harry was "on to something big", as Norman put it, involving the Pentagon, a rash of 32 mysterious disappearances since 1949, silver sugar tongs, and an Ant Farm. Norman found Harry's conclusion about what was going on, and showed it to Flex. Both were horrified by Harry's discoveries. Soon after, Norman Grindstone was seemingly erased from existence. For two months Flex flexed about every muscle in his body trying to turn the Pentagon into a circle. Dolores left him in this time because he wouldn't stop flexing. He failed, and investigated the Pentagon up close. He was captured, however, by the (real) Men from N.O.W.H.E.R.E. and placed inside the Tearoom of Despair. Once there, he lost his powers and his memory, and was left to wander, homeless and crazy, until he found Danny the Street.

Flex eventually remembered the 32 disappearances; their number, he said, was 5, the number of sides of the Pentagon: "3+2=5 and that is their number. It is the number of anguish". After regaining his memory, he was reunited with Dolores, who returned his costume but then withered away; her parting words were "I love you. They made me". As she said this, the Men from N.O.W.H.E.R.E. suddenly stood in her place. They kidnapped Flex and young psychic Dorothy Spinner, bringing the two to the sub-sub basement of the Pentagon, to power the mechanical monstrosity Flex had discovered all those years ago: The Ant Farm.

While given a tour of the Ant Farm by the demented Major Honey, Flex learned that he was created by a psychic named Wallace Sage inside a comic book Sage created with green ink when he was a child called "My Greenest Adventure". Sage, along with Dorothy, was kidnapped as a means to summon the Telephone Avatar, a being that has enslaved the dead and haunted the telephone system for 50 years. The Doom Patrol soon invaded the Pentagon in an attempt to rescue Flex and Dorothy; in the confusion, Flex freed Wallace, who died within minutes. Upon Wallace's death, Flex regained his powers and successfully transformed the Pentagon into a circle, but he couldn't destroy the Avatar. The Avatar was eventually destroyed by The Candlemaker, an entity that had been imprisoned within Dorothy's mind.

Flex went on to star in a four-issue miniseries in its own continuity.

Flex Mentallo joins up with Doom Patrol later, helping them solve problems in the realm that is deep inside Danny. In return, the Patrol helps him with Muscle Beach, which had been over-run by bullies.

Powers and abilities
As The Man of Muscle Mystery, Flex Mentallo's powers are apparently vast but ill-defined. In a general sense, Flex can affect reality by flexing his muscles, in a reverse form of mind over matter. In the most extreme exertion of his power, he was able to transform the Pentagon into a circular building for a brief moment.

When Flex uses his power, his "Hero Halo", a shimmering projection of the words "Hero of the Beach", appears above his head.

In other media

Television
 Flex Mentallo makes a cameo appearance on a poster in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "The Last Patrol!".
 A magazine depiction of Flex Mentallo appears in the Young Justice episode "Away Mission".
 Flex Mentallo appears in Doom Patrol, portrayed by Devan Chandler Long. This version was previously captured by the Bureau of Normalcy in 1964 before being rescued by the Doom Patrol in the present day.

Footnotes

References

External links
The Annotated Flex Mentallo by Jason Craft
Flex Mentallo at Barbelith
Flex Mentallo Analysis at Thoughts on Stuff

Comics characters introduced in 1990
Characters created by Frank Quitely
Characters created by Grant Morrison
Comics by Grant Morrison
Mentallo, Flex
Mentallo, Flex
DC Comics male superheroes
DC Comics metahumans
Vertigo Comics limited series
Fictional characters who can manipulate reality

Flex Mentallo


Maurus von Schenkl (Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, Bavaria, 4 January 1749 - Amberg, Bavaria, 14 June 1816) was a German Benedictine theologian and canonist.

Life

After studying the humanities at the Jesuit college in Amberg (1760–1765), he entered the Benedictine monastery of Prüfening (Priefling) near Regensburg. He took vows on 2 October 1768, and was ordained priest on 27 September 1772.

From 1772-7 he held various offices at his monastery; in 1777 he was at first oeconomus at Puch, then pastor at Gelgenbach; from 1778-83 he taught dogmatic, moral and pastoral theology and canon law at the Benedictine monastery of Weltenburg. In 1783 he became librarian at Prüfening where he at the same time taught canon law till 1785, then moral theology till 1790, when with his abbot's consent he accepted a position as professor of canon law, moral, and pastoral theology at the lyceum of Amberg.

With his professorial duties was connected the regency of the seminary and, after declining an offer to succeed his confrère, , as professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt in 1793; he was also appointed rector of the school at Amberg in 1794. Upon his request he was relieved of the rectorship in 1798 and, after refusing another offer as professor of canon law at Aschaffenburg in 1804; he was honored with the title of spiritual councillor of the king. Owing to ill-health he resigned the regency of the seminary and after 1808 he taught only canon law and pastoral theology.

Works

He was esteemed as a theologian and canonist, and his works were used as texts in many institutions of Germany and Austria. His chief works are

(1) Juris ecclesiastici statu Germaniae maxime et Bavariae ad commodati syntagma (Ratisbon, 1785). When interpolated editions of this work were published (Cologne, 1787, and Bonn, 1789), he re-edited it under the title Institutiones juris eccl. etc. (2 vols., Ingolstadt, 1790-1), but it was again reprinted without his consent (Bonn, 1793, and Cologne, 1794). The latest (11th) edition was prepared by Engelmann (Ratisbon, 1853).
(2) Ethica christiana universalis (3 vols., Ingolstadt 1800-1, 5th ed., Gran, 1830).
(3) Theologiae pastoralis systema (Ingolstadt, 1815–25).

References

 Maurus von Schenkl in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie on German Wikisource

Attribution
 The entry cites:
LINDNER, Die Schriftsteller des Benediktiner-Ordens in Bayern, 1750–1780, I, (Ratisbon, 1880), 250-2;
HELDMANN, Memoria Mauri de Schenkl (Ratisbon, 1832);
FELDER, Gelehrten-Lexikon II, 277-282.

1749 births
1816 deaths
People from Amberg-Sulzbach
German Benedictines
18th-century German Catholic theologians
Canon law jurists
Benedictine theologians
German male non-fiction writers
18th-century German writers
19th-century German writers
19th-century German male writers
18th-century German male writers

Maurus von Schenkl


Johannes Hertel (13 March 1872, Zwickau – 27 October 1955, Leipzig) was a German Indologist.

Hertel wrote numerous essays and books on Indological topics. His research focus was Indian narrative literature and the Vedas. Above all, he is known for his scientific work on the textual history of the Panchatantra.

Hertel obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig in 1897 with a thesis on the Hitopadesha. From 1919 to 1937 he was full professor and Chair of Indian Studies at the University of Leipzig, where he taught Asian and Indo-European languages such as Sanskrit, Vedic, and Avestan, and he translated numerous works from these into German. Most of his works on Vedic and Avestan subjects appeared in the series Indo-Iranische Quellen und Forschungen ("Indo-Iranian Sources and Research"), which he also edited.

In November 1933 Hertel signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State.

Hertel was a member of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Asiatic Society in London.

Hertel's extensive correspondence is located in the University Archives of Leipzig and in the manuscript department of the Leipzig University Library.

Publications

Notes

External links
 Article at Encyclopædia Iranica

Translators from Sanskrit
German translators
German Indologists
German Sanskrit scholars
Leipzig University alumni
1872 births
1955 deaths

Johannes Hertel


Sir George William Chrystal KCB (28 August 1880 – 1 November 1944) was a British civil servant.

Chrystal was the son of the mathematician George Chrystal and was born in Edinburgh. He was educated at George Watson's College, the University of Edinburgh, and Balliol College, Oxford, at which he took a second in Classical Moderations in 1902 and a second in Greats in 1904. He joined the Civil Service at the Admiralty in that year, but two years later transferred to the Home Office, serving successively as assistant private secretary to Home Secretary Reginald McKenna, secretary to the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, and principal secretary to Permanent Secretary Sir Edward Troup. He also served as joint secretary to the Royal Commission on Mines and the Royal Commission on Metalliferous Mines and Quarries.

In 1917 he was appointed Assistant Secretary to the Ministry of National Service. After the end of the First World War in 1918 he became Secretary to the Ministry of Reconstruction and of the Demobilisation Section of the War Cabinet. In 1919 he was appointed Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions, holding the post until 1935 when he was appointed Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health, retiring in 1940.

Chrystal was also a writer, publishing a new translation of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, the translation of the Memoirs of Prince Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, a translation of Julius Meier Graef's Development of Modern Art, the Life of William Robertson Smith, and a volume of Smith's lectures and essays.

Chrystal was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1920 New Year Honours and Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1922 Birthday Honours.

Footnotes

References
Obituary, The Times, 3 November 1944

External links

1880 births
1944 deaths
Civil servants from Edinburgh
People educated at George Watson's College
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Civil servants in the Admiralty
Civil servants in the Home Office
Civil servants in the Ministry of National Service
Private secretaries in the British Civil Service
Permanent Secretaries of the Ministry of Reconstruction
Permanent Secretaries of the Ministry of Pensions
Permanent Secretaries of the Ministry of Health
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
20th-century Scottish writers
Scottish translators
20th-century British translators

George Chrystal (civil servant)


Anguilliformity is a morphological pattern in fishes, named for and typified by the eels. Anguilliform fish have a long, slender body, and travel by anguilliform motion. The caudal fin is often emphasized, with the other fins reduced, absent, or fused with the caudal fin.  Anguilliformity has evolved independently in many groups, including among others:

 Anguilliformes, the eels
 Synbranchiformes, the swamp eels
 Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes
 Dipnoi, the lungfishes
 Cobitidae, the loaches
 Gymnotidae, the knifefishes, including the electric eel Electrophorus electricus

References

Fish anatomy

Anguilliformity


Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker (15 October 1811 – 21 July 1886) was a German historian and politician.

Life

Duncker was born in Berlin, Province of Brandenburg, as the eldest son of the publisher Karl Duncker. He studied at the universities of Bonn and Berlin till 1834, was then accused of participation in the students' societies, which the government was endeavouring to suppress, and was condemned to six years' imprisonment, afterwards reduced to six months. He had already begun his labours as a historian, but after serving his sentence in 1837, found himself debarred till 1839 from completing his course at Halle, where in 1842 he obtained a professorship.

Elected to the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848, he joined the Right Centre Party, and was chosen reporter of the projected constitution. He sat in the Erfurt assembly in 1850, and in the second Prussian chamber from 1849 to 1852. During the crisis in Schleswig and Holstein in 1850 he endeavoured in person to aid the duchies in their struggles. An outspoken opponent of the policy of Manteuffel, he was refused promotion by the Prussian government, and in 1857 accepted the professorship of history at Tübingen. In 1859, however, he was recalled to Berlin as assistant in the ministry of state in the cabinet of Charles Anthony, Prince of Hohenzollern. At that time, Rudolf von Auerswald, a minister without portfolio, led the government in all but name. In 1861 was appointed councillor to the crown prince. In 1867 he became director of the Prussian archives, with which it was his task to incorporate those of Hanover, Hesse and Nassau. He retired on 1 January 1875, and died at Ansbach.

Legacy

Duncker's eminent position among German historians rests mainly on his "Geschichte des Alterthums" (1st edition, 1852–1857; English translation by Evelyn Abbott, 1877–1882). He edited, with J.G. Droysen, "Preussische staatsschriften aus der regierungszeit König Friedrichs II", and "Urkunden und Actenstucke zur Geschichte des Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg".
To the period of his political activity belong:
 Zur Geschichte der deutschen Reichsversammlung in Frankfurt (1849).
 Heinrich von Gagern: eine biographische Skizze (1850), in the series of Männer der Gegenwart.
 Vier Monate auswärtiger Politik (1851); anonymous, attributed to Max Duncker.
His other works include:
 Origines Germanicae. Commentatio prima (1840).
 Die Krisis der Reformation ein Vortrag in der Versammlung der protestantischen Freunde zu Halle am 6. August (1845), lecture.
 Feudalität und Aristokratie (1858).
 Aus der Zeit Friedrichs des Grossen und Friedrich Wilhelms III. Abhandlungen zur preussischen Geschichte (1876).
 Abhandlungen aus der griechischen Geschichte and Abhandlungen aus der neueren Geschichte (1887), both works published after his death.

References

External links

1811 births
1886 deaths
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Members of the Frankfurt Parliament
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Members of the Prussian House of Representatives
Writers from Berlin
People from the Province of Brandenburg
University of Bonn alumni
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
19th-century German historians
19th-century German writers
19th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers

Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker


is a Japanese film serving as the theatrical adaptation of the 2016 Super Sentai television series Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger. It was released on August 6, 2016, as a double-billing with Kamen Rider Ghost: The 100 Eyecons and Ghost's Fated Moment.

Plot
The movie begins with the Zyuohgers trying to stop Cube Condor via Zyuoh King 1-2-3-4-5. However, the formation broke, causing Cube Condor to hijack Cube Elephant and Cube Tiger to form Condor Wild, while its pilot Domidol knocked down Zyuoh Elephant and Zyuoh Tiger. Zyuoh King was defeated, causing Zyuoh Eagle/Yamato to be separated while the other Zyuohgers were captured by Domidol.

Misao finds an unconscious Yamato while he was fishing, with the latter proceeding to tell what happened earlier: after discovering that several Zyuman worked for a circus, Yamato brings the Zyuohgers to the circus but the show was interrupted by their ringleader Domidol, who kidnapped the children spectators in his circus tent spaceship to destroy Earth in hopes of creating a giant space trapeze. While delaying the Zyuohgers with Moebas stolen from the Deathgaliens, Domidol approached Perle, one of his performers and steals Cube Condor, enslaving it as his own personal mecha.

While the Deathgaliens watch Domidol's atrocities from above, Naria suggested to face him due to his theft of their assets but Ginis let him pass, wanting to observe his actions after taking interest on the space ringleader. Zyuoh Eagle tries to break into the spaceship, but gets pursued by the Moebas and gunned down by the turrets. In need of more energies, Domidol enters the prison room and tortures Perle while he restrains the captured Zyuohgers in front of the children. Yamato finally breaks in and rescues his teammates long enough to reclaim their Zyuoh Changers and transform. After the rest of the team dragged Domidol out, Zyuoh The World fished the entire spaceship to rescue the children and reunite them with their parents. With no options, Domidol combines with his spaceship into a giant monster and faced against Wild Tousai King. Perle send the Cube Condor by transforming the entire area into the Zyuland illusion, empowering Wild Tousai King with enough energy to counterattack and finish the ringleader with the Condor Zyuoh Infinity attack. The Zyuohgers sent their farewell to Domidol's former performers and hope to meet again in Zyuland.

Cast
:
:
:
:
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:
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Narration, Zyuohger Equipment Voice:

References

External links

2010s Super Sentai films
2016 films
Films directed by Takayuki Shibasaki

Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger the Movie: The Exciting Circus Panic!


Ana Arce (born 5 January 1964) is a photographer and former skip of the Andorran national women's curling team. She now plays on the Spanish national team.

Photography
She produced the Ana Arce Team Sponsorship Calendar 2006 featuring nude or semi-nude photographs of women curlers from a variety of countries including Denmark, Italy, Spain, England, Poland, Germany and Canada. The curlers included Daniela Jentsch, Melanie Robillard, Lynsay Ryan, Kasia Selwand and Claudia Toth. She produced a second calendar for 2007 which included Christine Keshen, Linn Githmark, Debbie McCormick and Jackie Lockhart.

Curling
Arce played in the 2002, 2003 and 2004 European Curling Championships for Andorra. Skipping the team, she placed 17th, 15th and 21st respectively. In 2005, she moved to the Spanish team. Her international debut for Spain was at the 2005 European Mixed Curling Championship playing lead for Antonio De Mollinedo Gonzalez. Spain finished 16th. Her debut for Spain at the  happened a few months later. She played third for Ellen Kittelsen, and the team finished 17th.

In 2006, with the same skips, Arce placed 20th at the 2006 European Mixed and 17th at the . At the 2007 European Mixed, she placed 21st on De Mollinedo's team. She would not play at the European Championships again until 2009, finishing 19th on Kittelsen's rink. In the meantime she placed 13th at the 2008 European Mixed and 9th at the 2009 event respectively. In 2008, the team was skipped by José Luis Hinojosa de Torres-Peralta and she was the team's female alternate. The 2009 team was skipped by De Mollinedo again.

References

1964 births
Living people
Spanish photographers
Andorran photographers
Spanish female curlers
Andorran female curlers
Spanish people of Andorran descent
People with acquired Andorran citizenship
Spanish women photographers

Ana Arce


is a role-playing video game developed by Game Arts originally for the Dreamcast console as part of their Grandia series. Initially released in Japan in August 2000 by Game Arts, the game was later made available in English for North America the following December and in Europe in February 2001, with both releases published by Ubi Soft. The game was later ported to Sony PlayStation 2, where it was released worldwide throughout 2002, and for Microsoft Windows exclusively in North America and Europe later that year.

An enhanced port, based upon the Dreamcast version and entitled Grandia II Anniversary Edition was released on August 24, 2015, on Steam and GOG.com. A high-definition remaster of the game was released in North America and Europe on August 16, 2019, together with one of the original, for Nintendo Switch; an associated update for the Windows PC Anniversary Edition was released on October 15, 2019. GungHo Online Entertainment clarified that a Japanese release of the remasters will follow in the future.

The game was developed by many of the same staff members who worked on the original Grandia, including music composer Noriyuki Iwadare. However, it was designed around creating a more "mature" product than the previous title and the first in the series to feature fully three-dimensional graphics.

The game is set in a fantasy world thousands of years after a battle between Granas, the god of light, and Valmar, the god of darkness, nearly destroyed the planet until Valmar was split into pieces and scattered across the land. In the aftermath of the battle, the Church of Granas has led humanity to prosperity by spreading the word of good. However, when a young mercenary named Ryudo is charged to protect a songstress from the church named Elena, their journey reveals that the church's history, as well as the history of the world, is not all it seems.

While the original Dreamcast version of the game received a largely positive response from critics in Japan and the West, its later ports to the PlayStation 2 and PC were typically seen as inferior due to a combination of technical shortcomings and other high-profile games released during the transition.

Gameplay
The turn-based battle system is based around the IP gauge. Character icons move from left to right on the gauge. Upon reaching the beginning of the action phase on the gauge, characters select an action. That action is executed when their icon reaches the end of the action phase. The system supports limited movement during a battle; an invisible barrier prevents characters from wandering outside the arena.

Characters can run from one place to another, strike opponents, and then retreat. Selecting "critical" makes a character or enemy strike an opponent simultaneously. If the critical lands during the opponent's action phase, it will "cancel" the opponent's move and push the opponent's icon substantially backward along the IP gauge, delaying the opponent from taking action. Selecting "combo" makes a character land two hits on an enemy. The hits can be increased with certain accessories, up to four hits per combo. A combo can also "counter" if it hits an enemy in an attack pose, dealing additional damage. Suppose the combo kills the intended target before reaching the final blow. In that case, the character will attack the closest enemy to complete the combo.

Characters can use magic from equipped Mana Eggs. Using magic consumes MP. More powerful magic takes longer to cast. Special moves and spells can be learned with Skills Coins and Magic Coins and have a maximum level of 5. Spell efficiency is increased and casting time decreases as the level increases. Spells can be cast instantly if a character has skills equipped, giving a +100% bonus to the element of that particular spell. Special move sets are learned from Skill Books, then equipped onto characters. Skills can boost stats or add additional effects, such as increased item drops or a canceling effect to certain spells.

Plot
Ryudo is a mercenary known as a Geohound. The Church of Granas hires him to escort Elena, a Songstress of Granas, to Garmia Tower for a ceremony. Upon arrival, he is asked to wait while they perform the ritual. However, he hears a scream and rushes up to the top floor. Seeing everyone dead and Elena with a pair of wings, he rescues her, and both return to Carbo Village. Back in the village, Ryudo is asked by the priest to escort Elena to St. Heim Papal State to seek Pope Zera to help cleanse Elena of the Wings of Valmar, one of several pieces of Valmar, which now possesses her.

Before he can turn the job down, the village is attacked by a mysterious winged woman, who engages and defeats Ryudo in battle. She introduces herself as Millennia and disappears. Ryudo accepts the job and departs for St. Heim with Elena. In the town of Agear, Millennia appears again, this time more friendly, and teams up with Ryudo. She accidentally reveals herself that she is the Wings of Valmar and that she possesses Elena, sharing her body as a separate being. After Roan and the Beast Man, Mareg, join the group, they find more pieces of Valmar, which Millenia absorbs after they defeat them.

When the group arrives at St. Heim Papal State, Elena meets with Pope Zera, who wishes to speak with Ryudo. The Pope requests that he find the legendary Granasaber, a weapon wielded by Granas that was used to defeat Valmar. Ryudo reluctantly agrees, and the group travels to Roan's hometown of Cyrum. Upon arrival, the group rests at the inn as Roan departs. The following day, it is revealed that Roan is the prince and that the people of Cyrum once assisted Valmar against Granas in the ancient war. The party enters the castle, finds the Gate of Darkness open, and discovers an ancient factory underneath the castle. They encounter the Claws of Valmar and, later, Melfice back in the castle. Melfice is Ryudo's brother and the man Mareg seeks, who flees after defeating the group in battle, telling Ryudo to face him at home. Roan is crowned king and chooses to stay in Cyrum to encourage its people that the past does not predict their future. After being rescued, Tio, the being possessed by the Claws and an Automata, joins the group.

The party arrives by boat in the village of Garlan, Ryudo's hometown. Ryudo is immediately chastised for returning and commanded to leave. He reveals that Melfice has returned, and he plans to kill him to end his torment of the world. At the inn, a disguised Skye reveals Ryudo's history to Elena. Garlan used to be a village of swordsmen, with Melfice being the best. However, one night, during a storm, the idol in the hills grew restless, so the villagers sent Reena, Melfice's fiancé, to pray at the altar. She didn't return, and Melfice investigated, being secretly followed by Ryudo. In the shrine, Ryudo witnessed Melfice murder Reena. Ryudo later fled from town and stayed away for three years, causing the villagers to believe he abandoned them, hence their contempt. In the morning, the group travels up the mountain to confront Melfice.

At its peak, they defeat Melfice, who afterward reconciles with Ryudo and informs the group of the Granasaber's location before dying. While Ryudo grieves, the Horns possess him, causing him to lose consciousness. At the inn, Elena asks Millenia for help, but she initially refuses. However, she relents and uses her powers to seal the Horns inside of Ryudo, who then awakens her with a renewed sense of purpose. But Elena questions Granas, as it was Valmar who saved Ryudo.

The group travels to Nannan, Mareg's hometown, near the location of the Granasaber. The group is then informed of the Granasaber's whereabouts: within a giant cyclone to the east. The group travels there and deactivates the artificial storm, revealing the Granasaber. However, Selene, the High Priestess, appears and sacrifices a Cathedral Knight to revive the Body of Valmar around the Granasaber; the group enters the body and destroys it. Tio reveals the Granasaber as a ship, teleporting the group inside and guiding the giant sword back to St. Heim.

The "Day of Darkness" arrives, and the group witnesses the Cathedral Knights slaughtering townsfolk and destroying the Knights. Elena reveals her true mission: to absorb the pieces of Valmar so the Granasaber can destroy them. In the cathedral, Selene transforms into the Heart of Valmar, and the group destroys it. They catch up to Zera, who reveals that Valmar was victorious in the battle against Granas, who was killed. He tells Elena that he wants to use her to bring Valmar back to life, and then he takes her to the Moon of Valmar.

The group uses the Granasaber to reach the moon and save Elena. A wounded Mareg later sacrifices himself to allow the group to escape from the moon. Crashing near Cyrum, now besieged by monsters from the moon, the group rejoins with Roan and defends the town. Soon, Valmar's Moon crashes into the Granas Cathedral, and the new Valmar emerges. Unfortunately, the group finds itself without the means to defeat him. Roan suggests traveling to the nearby Birthplace of the Gods for answers, which reveals much about the ancient war and the origins of both gods.

Meeting another Automata named Elmo, Ryudo chooses to confront the Horns within and is beset by many trials. However, he overcomes his fears and insecurities and is granted the true Granasaber. The party challenges Valmar and enters his body. Inside, they are confronted by Zera, who attacks them before sending a false Millenia after them. Ryudo's party is victorious, and the true Millenia, now separated from Elena, joins them. Zera divides the group and launches a final attack against Ryudo, Elena, and Millenia. They defeat him and destroy Valmar for good, restoring peace to the world.

The ending shows the different characters one year after Valmar's defeat. Roan is still king and embarks on a journey to find his friends. Tio has become a nurse in Cyrum, Millenia is a teacher, and Elena tours the world as a singer in a troupe. In the last scene, Ryudo says goodbye to Granasaber and buries it under a tree in a remote area. He concludes that humanity will care for themselves and no longer depend on gods to continue living.

Characters

Playable characters
Ryudo: The main hero of the story. Ryudo is a Geohound, a mercenary. He is skilled with a sword and shows a sharp wit. He cares little for others besides himself at first; however, his attitude changes, and he eventually wishes for a better world.
Elena: The main heroine of the story. She is a Sister of the Church of Granas and a Songstress. She joins Ryudo early on in the adventure and is typically naive about most things about the world. She wields strong healing and divine magic and uses a mace/staff as her weapon.
Millenia: A mysterious woman who meets Ryudo early on after the failed ceremony at Garmia Tower. Revealed to be the "Wings of Valmar", Millenia appears to be a rather blunt, hot-tempered woman who initially uses Ryudo to accomplish her goals but eventually falls in love with him. She uses a crossbow and absorbs pieces of Valmar to gain dark powers.
Roan: A boy that Ryudo meets in Agear town who requests help finding his lost medal. He joins Ryudo's party until it is revealed he is the prince of Cyrum kingdom, whose people served Valmar during the "Battle between Good and Evil". He eventually becomes the king, but later rejoins the party. He uses daggers/knives as his weapon.
Mareg: A beast man who initially attacks Ryudo, mistaking him for his brother, before joining him on his journey. He teaches Tio about what it means to be alive. He is strong and uses an axe/spear as his weapon.
Tio: An Automata housed under Cyrum kingdom. She is awakened by Ryudo's group and joins them, as she has no other function. She calls Mareg "Master" but eventually considers everyone a family. She uses chakrams as her weapon.

Non-playable characters
Valmar: The God of Darkness. Destroyed, broken into pieces, and sealed after the Battle of Good and Evil. But the pieces are being released, and his revival is apparent.
Melfice: An evil swordsman whom Mareg is valiantly pursuing, he is Ryudo's brother. His strength is unholy, thanks to the Horns of Valmar within him.
His Holiness Zera: The Pope of Granas Cathedral and its leader. He sees the evil in the world and vows to defeat it at any cost.
Selene: The High Priestess of Granas, she follows Zera's leadership without question. Her zealousness is unquestionable.
Skye: Ryudo's trusty bird companion. He's just as snarky and quick-witted as Ryudo but more mature and full of wisdom.
Granas: The God of Light. Responsible for the destruction of Valmar and the sealing of his pieces.

Ports
Grandia II was ported to PlayStation 2 and PC after its initial release on Dreamcast. In the PlayStation 2 version, some textures and characters are less graphically detailed than in the Dreamcast version. Also, there is a tendency for graphical glitches and slow down to occur in areas with heavy graphic data. For instance, when a party member defeats the last enemy standing while using the weapon or accessory Warp effect, the character's color scheme vanishes, and only a bright white model is left.

On the PC port, there is a glitch in the first fight with Millenia. Several video files on the disc contain extra frames appearing as a freeze after casting specific spells.

On May 11, 2015, GungHo America president Jun Iwasaki revealed to GameSpot that Grandia II will be receiving an HD remaster on Steam and GOG.com. Based on the Dreamcast version of the game, the port will have a mouse, keyboard, and gamepad support. Along with the visual definition upgrade, it will include Steam achievements and Trading Cards. On August 24, 2015, Grandia II Anniversary Edition for PC was released and features visual upgrades to textures / lighting / shadows, original Japanese voice option, additional difficulty level, gamepad support, Steam Trading Cards / Steam Achievements / Steam Cloud Save support (PC only), selectable video options, remappable keyboard & gamepad support, 100 save file slots, Dreamcast VMS Save File Support.

The game received further updates for the HD Remaster edition such as enhanced details to UI / sprites / texture art, visual enhancements to original cinematic videos, widescreen support and customizable resolutions (PC only), Japanese and English audio, and new language support (original English and Japanese plus French and German translations). On October 15, 2019, Grandia II Anniversary Edition was renamed to Grandia II HD Remaster. Customers who already own the Grandia II Anniversary Edition received the upgraded version for free. Full Japanese language support along with various fixes were released on March 25, 2020.

Reception

Dreamcast version

The original Dreamcast release of Grandia II received a largely positive response during its initial release in Japan, earning a 9.75 out of 10 rating from Dreamcast Magazine, as well as a 35 out of 40 from Weekly Famitsu, which earned it the magazine's editor's choice Platinum award. Famitsu DC rated the game 26 out of 30 based on three reviews. Despite good reception, sales of the game remained relatively low in the region, with an estimated 184,863 copies sold.

Grandia IIs English release met with an overwhelmingly positive response. It received an aggregate score of 88.81% on GameRankings and 90/100 on Metacritic. GamePro magazine found the game to be "solidly-built and features stunning visuals, dead-on controls, and a innovative combat system" yet remarked that that game's scenarios seemed too linear at times.

On a similar note, GameSpot stated that "while the first Grandia had lengthy dungeons full of puzzles and side routes, Grandia II's dungeons are more compartmental and linear affairs", the game was ultimately "a solid RPG ... even if it isn't as deep or difficult as the original." IGN granted the game an Editor's Choice distinction, calling it a "classic" of the Dreamcast and remarking that its battle system was "arguably the most advanced system in play today", yet found the game's story and character development to be cliche and predictable.

Eurogamer also found the game's story and gameplay to be largely methodical, and despite being dubbed "the best RPG on the Dreamcast in Europe" and  "strongly recommended", editors felt seasoned role-playing game players would find the game too generic, calling it "an incredibly tough game to call". Electronic Gaming Monthly granted the game a 9 out of 10, earning it a Gold Award.

Francesca Reyes reviewed the Dreamcast version of the game for Next Generation, rating it four stars out of five, and called the game "a winner in the RPG beauty pageant that's just clever enough in the battle department to balance out an almost too straightforward storyline."

PlayStation 2 and PC ports

The PlayStation 2 rerelease of Grandia II in 2002 experienced lower sales than the Dreamcast version in Japan despite a higher install base, selling approximately 42,060 copies in its first month. In North America and Europe, the game received chiefly lower reviews than the original, with many publications remarking on the technical shortcomings of the port to the new console. Electronic Gaming Monthly found the PlayStation version to be vastly inferior to the original, citing reduced frame rate, color, and texture quality, adding that its "Inexplicably horrible graphics completely ruin an otherwise splendid title."

GamePro found the conversion shortcomings to be essentially negligible, claiming that Grandia II "still holds its own as a solidly constructed but direct port in the more crowded PlayStation 2 fantasy camp" while asserting that it was still "overshadowed by Final Fantasy X." IGN still regarded the PlayStation 2 version as "a good game" and one of the top role-playing games for the system at the time but remarked that the "time and stress of transition" as well as the emergence of other prominent games during the one-year time frame had diluted the port's appeal. GameSpot called the Dreamcast release "technically superior", but the new version was recommended to those who did not play the original and that it was still "well worth playing".

Like the PlayStation 2 version, the PC release of Grandia II had a much milder response from critics than the Dreamcast version. Critiquing the game from a PC game standpoint, IGN PC stated, "This game is not like a PC RPG. It's light. It's fluffy. It's colorful. It's not exactly deep. Its storyline is console stereotypical. Its jokes are silly. Its gameplay is cartoony. And the characters all have huge eyes and no mouths." But the reviewer added that Grandia II "still manages to be fun, maybe even just because it's so different than most of the dark, dreary and serious RPGs that find their ways to our favorite platform."

Similarly, GameSpot found that the game would be difficult for consumers accustomed to Western role-playing video games to get into, remarking that "Grandia II's linear gameplay, 'young adult' sensibility, and anime artwork aren't likely to impress someone looking for another Baldur's Gate II. Still, Grandia II can be fun if you're used to Japanese RPGs to begin with or if you approach it with an open mind."

Notes

References

External links
Official Grandia HD Collection website
Grandia II HD Remaster at GungHo America
Grandia II at MobyGames

2000 video games
Dreamcast games
Enix games
Fantasy video games
Grandia
Japanese role-playing video games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 2 games
Turn-based role-playing video games
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Noriyuki Iwadare
Windows games
Game Arts games
Single-player video games
SkyBox Labs games
Rocket Studio games

Grandia II


Samuel Penfield Taylor (October 9, 1827, in Saugerties, New York – January 22, 1886, in San Francisco, California) was an entrepreneur who made his fortune during the California Gold Rush. He is best known for building the Pioneer Paper Mill, the first paper mill in California.  Taylor sailed from Boston Harbor in a schooner that he purchased with a group of friends, arriving in San Francisco ten months later.

Taylor's first business in California was a bacon and egg stand on the beach. "Upon arrival Taylor found a wooden cask of eggs floating near the shore. He cooked the eggs, overturned the cask, and set up a food stand on the beach." In 1853, Taylor left for Hawkins Bar, California,  in Tuolumne County to prospect for gold. He used his profits to buy land in Marin County and enter the paper business.

Samuel Taylor was ahead of his time in producing recycled paper products from rags and old papers that his employees collected from various California cities and in creating the first fish ladder on the West Coast to help fish swim upstream around the dam near his paper mill.  Taylor  married Sarah Washington Irving, raised a family of seven boys and one girl, and served on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.  Working with other concerned citizens, Mr. and Mrs. Taylor helped stop the importation of Chinese slave girls into San Francisco.

After Samuel Taylor's death in 1886, his wife lost the paper mill and land around it in the Panic of 1893.  The new owners of the Taylors' land (who refused to allow Sarah Taylor to be buried next to her husband on the family plot) lost the property themselves when it was taken by the State of California in 1945 for non-payment of taxes.  The state then created Samuel P. Taylor State Park.

Taylor is buried on a hill overlooking the former site of the mill. His gravesite was restored in 1997 by Freemasons of San Francisco Oriental Lodge No. 144.  Sarah Washington Irving now lies next to her husband on the southwest slope of Barnabe Mountain (near ).

Genealogy
It has been claimed that Taylor was the grandson of George Taylor, a Pennsylvanian who signed the Declaration of Independence, and that Sarah Washington Irving was the favorite niece of writer and poet Washington Irving.  In 2010, however, Judy Coy and George Stevens disputed these claims, providing evidence that Samuel Taylor's grandfather was Captain George Taylor Sr. of Catskill, Greene County, New York. Captain George Taylor Sr. was born August 15, 1756, in Glastonbury, Connecticut, the son of John and Mary Taylor, and died in New York City on July 4, 1831. Coy and Stevens further maintain that Sarah Washington Irving Taylor's parents were James W. Irving and Mary Doak of Providence, Rhode Island, and later of Fall River, Massachusetts (1850 census of Fall River).

There were many Sarahs in Washington Irving's family. His niece Sarah who lived with Irving until his death never married according to officials at his Sunnyside residence.

There is no record that Samuel P. Taylor ever claimed to be the grandson of the signer of the Declaration of Independence, nor that Sarah Washington Irving Taylor claimed to be the niece of Washington Irving. The earliest known written record of the claim is in Pioneering in Marin County, A Historical Recording by Bertha Stedman Rothwell, dated June 1959.

See also
California Historical Landmarks in Marin County

References

1827 births
1886 deaths
Businesspeople from San Francisco
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Saugerties, New York
19th-century American businesspeople

Samuel Penfield Taylor


The Rev. Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson-Bell  (19 June 1867 – 12 February 1936) was a Scottish colonial administrator, civil servant and later Anglican priest.

Biography
He was born in Aberdour, Scotland, the son of Andrew Beatson Bell, who was Sheriff-Substitute of Fife. He studied at Edinburgh Academy and Balliol College, Oxford, under the tutelage of Sir William Markby.

He served in the Indian Civil Service. On 7 December 1914 he was made a member of the Council of the Governor of Bengal. In 1918 he was made Chief Commissioner of Assam, and became the first Governor of Assam on 3 January 1921. He was succeeded by William Sinclair Marris three months later. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in the 1921 New Year Honours.

Syed Mujtaba Ali noted in his memoir পাদটীকা that Rev. Beatson-Bell used to refer to himself as নন্দদুলাল বাজায় ঘণ্টা (lit. Nanda Dulal beats on bell) and was very fond of his three-legged dog. He used to spend Rs. 75 per month to look after the dog, which was around thrice the salary of a typical secondary school teacher at that time.

He left the Civil Service to do missionary work in a small Bengal village. In 1921, Beatson-Bell was ordained a deacon by the bishop of Calcutta, and in 1922 he was ordained priest at York in 1920 by Archbishop Cosmo Gordon Lang. He returned home to be curate of Whitby, and then became a country vicar. He was the vicar of Cornish Hall End in Braintree, Essex, where he died from a heart attack at the age of 68.

Beatson-Bell married Jeannie Arbuthnott, daughter of John Campbell Arbuthnott  of the Colonial Civil Service and Jeannie Sinclair Hamilton, in Shillong on 21 November 1911. Together they had two daughters.

References

1867 births
1936 deaths
People from Aberdour
People educated at Edinburgh Academy
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Governors of Assam
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
20th-century English Anglican priests

Nicholas Beatson-Bell


Desi hip hop is a term for music and culture which combines the influences of hip hop and the Indian subcontinent; the term desi referring to the South Asian diaspora. The term has also come to be used as an alternative for rap music and even pop music which involves rappers of South Asian origins.

Overview
The launch of Bohemia's second album Pesa Nasha Pyar (2006), whose tracks such as "Kali Denali", "Kurti" and "Sahara" became big hits, there was a new-found interest in desi languages during the early 2000s. Even though there were several occasional hits during this period, the desi hip hop scene remained limited largely to the underground, with a very niche loyal audience. Hip-hop culture, including graffiti and b-boying started seeping into the club scene and street culture of big cities like Delhi and Mumbai.

Also, 2017 saw a major boost in this genre through the start of Rap battle culture introduced by an entertainment and music production house named 6FU. Rap battles are a culture of western countries, however India witnessed its first rap battle in regional languages through 6FU's first event Frontline in Delhi. The label started youtube channel in 2017 has given under grounder rappers a new hope to be heard and establish rap as a career. 6FU was started by Trouble who hosts rap battles and cypher (freestyling) sessions where more than a dozen rappers perform turn-by-turn on the same stage to see who has the better verses.

Collaborations
Desi hip hop has crossed paths with Western hip-hop multiple times, notably when musicians from both sides of the world collaborate. American rapper Snoop Dogg has worked with different artists such as rapper Dr Zeus Bohemia (rapper), and the band RDB. Bohemia also collaborated with hip-hop artists such as Kurupt, Sean Kingston, Iraj Weeraratne and Baby Bash & The Game (rapper). The group RDB also worked with different hip hop artists such as T-Pain and Ludacris. In 2016, famous Indian rapper Badshah worked with dancehall musician Sean Paul in a song called "Move Your Body" with DJ Shadow Dubai. Desi rappers born and/or raised in the West have also bridged the cultures within their music, incorporating desi influences into their music. Anik Khan has blended Queens culture with Bengali influences into his music, and similarly, rappers Riz MC and Heems of the group Swet Shop Boys incorporate many South Asian influences in their music. In 2017, Pakistani rapper Ali Kaz collaborated with WWE music producer Jim Johnston for the theme song of WWE wrestler Jinder Mahal. In 2017, Badshah also did international collaboration with Major Lazer as a commercial promotion of Tuborg Brewery.

In 2017, Los Angeles based Hip Hop group - Bhanga Bangla - introduced a type of Trap music that leans heavily on South Asian stories from the trap. They went on to create a new trap movement that has sparked the attention of audiences around the world. In 2019, Divine and Naezy collaborated with American rapper Nas. In the same year Divine collaborated with Dave East for his song Remand. The same year Emiway Bantai collaborated with Nigerian Canadian rapper Dax for their song I Been That. In 2020, Emiway Bantai collaborated with the likes of Macklemore and Snoop Dogg. In January 2021, KR$NA was featured on American rapper Hi-Rez's song "Crossroads" with Royce da 5'9". Later in July, another collaboration with Hi-Rez was released, titled "Playground" featuring former Slaughterhouse member, KXNG Crooked. In the same year in November, KR$NA was featured along with A-F-R-O, Joell Ortiz, Bizzy Bone, Tech N9ne and Twista, on the song "Overdrive", by Hi-Rez.

In 2022, Rapper Badshah announced that he's collaborating with Colombian singer J Balvin and Puerto Rican record producer Tainy in a song called Voodoo. While in July 2022, DJ Shadow Dubai, a dubai based DJ announced collab with Yo Yo Honey Singh and Lil Pump for track called Casanova. In August 2022, Emiway Bantai collaborated with Detroit based Pakistani rapper Lazarus for track called LOBOTOMY.

References

External links

Desi culture
Asian hip hop
Asian-American culture
Asian-Canadian culture
Culture of the United Kingdom

Desi hip hop


Kriton Arsenis (Greek: Κρίτων Αρσένης, born 3 August 1977) is an environmentalist, and MP in the Greek Parliament. He is a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) (2009-2014).

Early life

He was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. He studied planning and regional development at the University of Thessaly in Greece (1996–2001) and continued on with postgraduate studies in International Development (MPA/ID) at the Kennedy School of Harvard University (2001–2003). From 2005 to 2009, he worked for the Greek NGO ELLINIKI ETAIREIA-Hellenic Society for the Protection of the Environment and the Cultural Heritage, where he was responsible for setting up the "Sustainable Aegean Programme", a public awareness campaign for the sustainable development of the Aegean Islands. From January 2008 to May 2009 he served as a member of the Greek National Planning Council where he represented ten Greek environmental NGOs.

Political career

In June 2009, Kriton Arsenis became a Member of the European Parliament in the S&D. He was recruited to the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), by George A. Papandreou, the ex prime minister of Greece, after receiving the European Grand Prize for the "Sustainable Aegean" campaign. In May 2013 he resigned from PASOK expressing his strong opposition to water privatisation. He was a Member of the European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and the Committee on Fisheries. He was also a substitute Member of the Committee on Development.
He was active in issues related to biodiversity and the fight against climate change. He was also instrumental in the European Union Timber Regulation. Likewise, he has been in the front line in the battle to save the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Mediterranean. He led the Parliament in adopting the EU legislation on monitoring emissions from Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). On fisheries he introduced the policy of fish stock recovery areas - no take zones which was incorporated into the EU Common Fisheries Policy. He also led the EP in the vote that ended derogation from the implementation of EU legislation on Shark Finning. He drafted and led proposals that were successfully approved by the European Parliament asking for an EU cetacean protection legislation and a ban on bottom trawling of deep sea species in the Atlantic.
On biodiversity his amendments led to the rejection of the proposed EU legislation on banning the use of traditional seeds in agriculture and tabled the amendment that successfully ended the derogation from implementation of the EU environmental assessment legislation.

He run for reelection to the European Parliament in 2014, as a non-party affiliated candidate for SYRIZA. He received 112.919 votes, but was not reelected. He was invited to be a candidate for SYRIZA in the national elections in 2015, but declined. After a 5-year hiatus from Greek national politics, he returned as a candidate for the MeRA25 party in the national elections. He was elected and served as a member of parliament until 2023 when MeRA25 did not secure enough votes to enter parliament.

Activism and awards

He has been an active member of the environmental movement in Greece and abroad since the age of 15.
In 1998 he was awarded a prize by the Prefecture of Thessaloniki for his contribution to the protection of the Old City (Ano Poli) of Thessaloniki.
In 2009, he was awarded by the European Union and Europa Nostra (Network of cultural heritage associate organization from all over Europe) the European Grand Prize in the category "Education, training and awareness-raising" for the campaign "Sustainable Aegean".
As part of the awareness raising effort for climate change, he coordinated two Greek "Turn the lights off" initiatives, for 5 minutes in February 2007 and for 10 minutes in June 2007.
In September 2010, Kriton Arsenis was voted by members of the European Parliament as the MEP of the Year under the Fisheries Category, a vote organized by the Parliament Magazine. Arsenis was nominated for the award  for his  work on Bluefin tuna and Marine issues in general, especially on his efforts on Whaling in the buildup to the IWC and the resolution on Iceland's accession to the EU. In June 2011 he was awarded the "Fair Politician of the Year" award, by the Dutch Evert Vermeer Foundation, for fighting for policy coherence for development in the EU legislation. In September 2011, Kriton Arsenis was voted once more as MEP of the Year this time under the special category for the UN International Year of Forests. Later on that year he founded Roadfree, a global initiative for the protection of world's last intact areas from construction of new roads. It succeeded in producing the world's first maps of roadfree areas by Google Earth and the European Environment Agency, which were presented in 2012 at the UN Rio+20 Earth Summit. Updated versions of these maps were presented to other global summits and events including UNCBD COP11 and  UNFCCC COP 19.

References

External links
Official site
Personal blog

RoadFree initiative official site

Greek environmentalists
MEPs for Greece 2009–2014
1977 births
Living people
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Politicians from Thessaloniki
Greek MPs 2019–2023

Kriton Arsenis


Tony Enrique Blanco Cabrera (born November 10, 1980) is a Dominican former professional baseball player. He was mainly a first baseman, third baseman and outfielder. Blanco last played for the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He also played in Major League Baseball for the Washington Nationals as well as the Chunichi Dragons and the Yokohama DeNA BayStars of NPB.

Career

Blanco began his career in the Boston Red Sox farm system as a third baseman. In , he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds as a player to be named later, completing an earlier trade that sent Todd Walker to Boston. As a top prospect in the Reds organization in , Blanco made a name for himself while playing for the Potomac Cannons of the Carolina League. Blanco was picked up by the Nationals as a Rule 5 Draft choice in 2005 and started the year playing for the Potomac Nationals. Blanco was invited to spring training for the big league club and quickly made it to the roster early in 2005, playing in 56 games. During , his rookie season, he hit .177 with one home run and seven RBI.

In , Blanco played for the Double-A Tulsa Drillers in the Colorado Rockies organization batting .323 with 23 home runs and 88 RBI. After the 2008 season, Blanco played in the Dominican Winter League for the Estrellas Orientales. He was then acquired by the Chunichi Dragons, who released their cleanup hitter Tyrone Woods due to his high wage, shortly after that.

His first year in NPB was very successful, and he became known for his incredible power. Examples of his power include a grounded home run in Nagoya Dome(first in dome history), hitting the light unit above the advertisement board in Tokyo Dome, as well as hitting the top-level stand in the Nagoya and Osaka Domes. He finished his first season with an impressive 39 HR and 110 RBI, both leading in Central League, along with a .275 batting average. Other than the HR and RBI award, he was also rewarded as Central League Performance Award in Interleague game (11 HR and 24 RBI) and won the Home Run Derby before the All-star game (which he was also playing as Central League first baseman).

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Augusta GreenJackets players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Chunichi Dragons players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Japan
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dominican Summer League Red Sox players
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Hagerstown Suns players
Harrisburg Senators players
Lowell Spinners players
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Tony Blanco


Johann Georg Reiffenstuel (1641–1703) was a Canon law expert.

He was born in Kaltenbrunn, Bavaria, and died in Freising, Bavaria. He was a member of the Franciscan (Reformed) Order, and was chosen definitor of his province. He taught philosophy at Freising, Landshut, and Munich, and Canon law at Freising. His works on moral theology and Canon law give him first rank among the canonists of his time, and have gone through numerous editions, with additions by other authors.

1641 births
1703 deaths

Johann Georg Reiffenstuel


Guy Patrick Paquinet (August 13, 1903, Tours - January 5, 1981, Selle-sur-le-Bied) was a French jazz trombonist.

Paquinet played in an army band in the early 1920s, then worked with Paul Gason, Lud Gluskin, Fred Mélé, and Don Parker. He led his own ensemble from 1934 to 1936, then worked as a sideman for Alix Combelle, Django Reinhardt, and Ray Ventura. In the 1940s he returned to bandleading, leading his own ensembles through the 1950s and working with, among others, Sidney Bechet, Dizzy Gillespie, and Tony Proteau.

Paquinet's son, André Paquinet, became a noteworthy jazz performer in his own right.

References
Michel Laplace, "Guy Paquinet". The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 2nd edition, ed. Barry Kernfeld.

French jazz trombonists
Musicians from Tours, France
1903 births
1981 deaths

Guy Paquinet


K2 Sports, LLC (K2 Sports) is an American winter sports company headquartered in Seattle, Washington. K2 Sports operates the K2 Skis, K2 Snowboarding, K2 Skates, Backcountry Access, Ride Snowboards, Tubbs Snowshoes, Atlas Snow-Shoe Company, LINE Skis, Full Tilt Boots, and Madshus brands.  Famous users of K2 Skis include pro champion Spider Sabich, World Cup and Olympic champion Phil Mahre, and his twin brother Steve Mahre, World Champion and Olympic silver medalist.

History

Founding
Founded in 1962 by brothers Bill and Don Kirschner on Vashon Island, Washington, K2 is known for pioneering fiberglass ski technology, which made skis significantly lighter and more lively than their wood and metal contemporaries. In 1967, Bill Kirschner named the company K2 (for the world's second-largest mountain and for the two Kirschner brothers, Bill and Don).

Growth and acquisitions
In late 1969, the company's rapid growth required new capital and Bill Kirschner decided a well-financed partner was necessary. The company was acquired by the Cummins Engine Company of Columbus, Indiana. Then in November 1976, the company was acquired by a private group of Northwest investors. The group, called Sitca, purchased K2 and its subsidiary, Jansport.

In 1982, company management purchased all outstanding shares of Sitca Corporation from the group of Northwest investors. Management decided to concentrate all resources on the alpine ski market.

In September 1985, Anthony Industries, Inc. acquired 100 percent of the stock of Sitca Corporation. Anthony, an NYSE listed company, develops and manufactures products for leisure and recreational markets under many brand names.

In 1995, Anthony Industries sold off its Anthony Pools division to its rival, Sylvan Pools, and changed its name to K2, Inc.  By 2000, board member Richard Heckmann had assumed control and embarked on a vigorous growth program.  In order to remain financially competitive, in 2001 K2 moved its manufacturing from Vashon Island to Guangdong, China, and its offices to Seattle.

Thereafter, the company acquired Rawlings Sporting Goods and Worth, a manufacturer of baseball bats; Brass Eagle and Viewloader in the paintball business; Volkl, Marker, and Marmot. On June 22, 2006, K2 announced it was moving its business office from Vashon Island to Seattle's Industrial District.

On April 25, 2007 Jarden Corporation announced a definitive agreement to acquire K2, Inc. for a cash and stock value per share of $15.50. Jarden is controlled by Martin Franklin, a British investor and triathlete. Jarden was later acquired by Newell Brands, who then sold K2 to private equity firm Kohlberg & Company in 2017.

See also

 List of outdoor industry parent companies

References

External links

Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States
Ski equipment manufacturers
Sportswear brands
Manufacturing companies based in Seattle
American companies established in 1962
Manufacturing companies established in 1962
1962 establishments in Washington (state)
Vashon, Washington
Private equity portfolio companies
2007 mergers and acquisitions
2016 mergers and acquisitions
2017 mergers and acquisitions

K2 Sports


Huan Xuan (桓玄) (369 – 19 June 404), courtesy name Jingdao (敬道), nickname Lingbao (靈寶), formally Emperor Wudao of Chu (楚武悼帝), was a Jin Dynasty warlord who briefly took over the imperial throne from Emperor An of Jin and declared his own state of Chu in 403, but was defeated by an uprising led by the general Liu Yu in 404 and killed.  He was the youngest son of Huan Wen.

Early career
Huan Xuan was born in 369, as the youngest son of Huan Wen, then the paramount general of Jin, and his wife, Sima Xingnan (司馬興男) the Princess of Nankang, the daughter of Emperor Ming of Jin.  (An alternative account has him as born of Huan Wen's concubine Lady Ma.)  When Huan Wen died in 373, his title should have gone to his heir apparent Huan Xi (桓熙), his oldest son.  However, Huan Chong, Huan Wen's brother whom Huan Wen entrusted the command of the army to, believed (correctly) that Huan Xi was in a plot with another brother of Huan Wen's, Huan Mi (桓秘), and another son of Huan Wen's, Huan Ji (桓濟), to assassinate him and take power, and so detained Huan Xi, Huan Ji, and Huan Mi.  Instead, he declared that it was Huan Wen's desire that his title be passed to Huan Xuan, and so Huan Xuan, at age four, inherited the title of Duke of Nan Commandery, with the dukedom roughly corresponding to modern Jingzhou, Hubei.

As Huan Xuan grew in age, he became ambitious and wanted high posts, but the imperial government was highly suspicious of him and did not give him governmental posts until 391, when he became an assistant to Emperor Xiaowu's crown prince Sima Dezong (later Emperor An).  Around this time, he had an encounter with Emperor Xiaowu's younger brother Sima Daozi, the Prince of Kuaiji, that went badly—as at one feast where Sima Daozi invited Huan Xuan as a guest, after Sima Daozi became drunk, he made the statement, "Was it not true that when Huan Wen became old, he planned treason?" Huan Xuan was so struck by the statement that he fell prostrate on the ground, fearing that Sima Daozi would kill him, and from this point he bore a grudge against the prince.  Eventually, Huan Xuan became the governor of Yixing Commandery (義興, roughly modern Wuxi, Jiangsu), but felt that the post was not sufficient for his talent, and he therefore resigned and returned to his dukedom, and he wrote a report to Emperor Xiaowu that was highly accusatory in tone in which he claimed that Emperor Xiaowu had much to owe to Huan Wen, and Emperor Xiaowu ignored the report.

During Huan Xuan's year at Nan Commandery, the people of the commandery were far more fearful of him than of the governor of Jing Province (荊州, modern Hubei and Hunan), Yin Zhongkan (殷仲堪).  Yin himself was very respectful and fearful of Huan as well.  Effectively, Huan Xuan got his way with both the people and the governor, whatever he wanted.

Gradual increase in power
After Emperor Xiaowu's death in 396, Emperor An became emperor, and as he was developmentally disabled, Sima Daozi, as his uncle, served as regent.  Sima Daozi was incompetent, and his trusted associates Wang Guobao (王國寶) and Wang Xu (王緒) took the opportunity to become wealthy from corruption.  They feared the military powers that Yin Zhongkan and Wang Gong (王恭) the governor of Yan (兗州) and Qing (青州) Provinces (at that time, roughly modern central Jiangsu) possessed and persuaded Sima Daozi to reduce their domains.  In response, Wang Gong sent messengers to Yin to discuss a campaign to seek the removal of Wang Guobao and Wang Xu.  Huan Xuan, believing that a disturbance would help his cause, encouraged Yin to join Wang Gong's campaign.  Wang Gong, believing that Yin would join him, then started the campaign, and quickly intimidated Sima Daozi into executing Wang Guobao and Wang Xu.

In 398, Huan Xuan requested the post of governor of Guang Province (廣州, modern Guangdong and Guangxi), and Sima Daozi, afraid that he would start a new disturbance with Yin, was quite willing to give him the post.  Huan Xuan accepted the post but did not actually report to Panyu (番禺, modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), the capital of Guang Province.

Later that year, angry that Sima Daozi had seized part of his domain and given it to his associate Wang Yu (王愉), Yu Kai (庾楷) the governor of Yu Province (豫州, then modern central Anhui) persuaded Wang Gong and Yin to start another rebellion aimed at the removals of Wang Yu and another associate of Sima Daozi's, Sima Shangzhi (司馬尚之) the Prince of Qiao.  However, not being actually a military man himself, Yin gave the commands of the forward armies to Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi (楊佺期).  They quickly advanced toward the capital Jiankang, but Wang Gong's general Liu Laozhi (劉牢之) then turned against him, capturing and executing him.  With Wang Gong dead, Sima Daozi next tried to destroy Yin's coalition by ordering him deposed and giving his post to Huan Xuan's cousin Huan Xiu (桓脩), while giving Jiang Province (江州, modern Jiangxi and Fujian) to Huan Xuan and Yong Province (雍州, then modern northern Hubei and southwestern Henan) to Yang.  Huan and Yang hesitated—not willing to turn against Yin immediately but wanting to accept the powerful posts.  This caused an immediate withdrawal of Yin's troops, as Yin wanted to resecure his Jing Province, and soon forced Sima Daozi to return the post to him, but the seeds of dissension between Huan, Yin, and Yang were sown.  Yin, apprehensive of Huan, soon entered into an alliance with Yang.  However, he was also apprehensive of Yang, and therefore repeatedly stopped Yang's plans to attack Huan together.

Around the new year 400, Jing Province was suffering under a major flood, and Yin exhausted his food supplies for flood relief.  Huan took this opportunity to make a major attack on Yin.  Yang came to Yin's aid, but with the troops poorly supplied, Huan defeated both Yin and Yang and killed them, seizing their provinces, becoming effectively in control of two thirds of Jin territory.  Huan became even more ambitious, and often had people offer him signs of fortune to try to show that he was being favored by the gods.  He further wrote to Sima Daozi (who had, by this point, been displaced as regent by his son Sima Yuanxian), accusing him of falsely having Wang Gong killed.  In 401, at the suggestion of the strategist Zhang Fashun (張法順), Sima Yuanxian declared Huan a renegade and started a campaign against him, but was thoroughly reliant on Liu Laozhi for support.  Liu, who was more concerned that Sima Yuanxian would become uncontrollable if he were victorious against Huan, again changed sides and joined Huan, who was initially fearful of attacking the capital but eventually did so at the urging of Bian Fanzhi (卞範之), soon reached Jiankang, and Sima Yuanxian's forces collapsed.  Huan Xuan took over the control of the imperial regime, executed Sima Yuanxian, and exiled Sima Daozi (but soon had him killed in exile).  Not trusting of the treacherous Liu, Huan stripped him of his military command, and Liu tried to rebel again—but his own army officers were tired of repeated rebellions and deserted him, and he committed suicide.  Huan was now in control of the entire Jin empire.

Huan, however, soon displayed signs of over confidence and lack of actual fortitude.  He had Emperor An issue an edict ordering him to advance north against Later Qin, but then had Emperor An issue another edict ordering him not to do so.  Further, as he prepared his fleet, he set aside the treasures on a small ship, ready to flee if the battle turned against him.  He was also hypercritical of his officials; any small error would draw a serious punishment from him.  He was also very attached to treasures, and whenever he saw precious paintings, calligraphy, or houses, he would find some way to obtain them.  Some ambitious individuals began to see signs of weakness in him and considered rising against him.

In 403, Huan Xuan had himself created the Prince of Chu and given the nine bestowments, both signs of coming usurpation.  In winter 403, he had Emperor An yield the throne to him, and he became emperor of a new Chu state.

Brief reign and death

Huan Xuan posthumously honored his parents as emperor and empress, and he created his wife Lady Liu empress.  He was, however, described as being constantly in fear after he became emperor, not being able to sleep well.  He forced his officials to spend all day on minutiae, and he further started major palatial construction projects that imposed great burden on the people.

Initially, the only major official who dared to oppose Huan Xuan was Mao Qu (毛璩) the governor of Yi Province (modern Sichuan and Chongqing).  However, a conspiracy soon formed among the general Liu Yu, Liu Laozhi's nephew He Wuji, and Liu Yi the brother of Huan Xuan's official Liu Mai (劉邁).  They were soon joined by a number of other conspirators, and in spring 404 they started the uprising against Huan from the cities of Jingkou (京口, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) and Guangling.  Huan Xuan panicked, and as soon as his cousin Huan Qian (桓謙) the Prince of Xinye lost some relatively minor battles to Liu Yu, Huan fled west with Emperor An, yielding Jiankang to Liu Yu's coalition.  Once Liu Yu was in the capital, he declared the reestablishment of Jin, even though the former Jin emperor was still in Huan's hands.

Huan Xuan soon arrive at his old headquarters of Jiangling.  Fearful that his officials would no longer respect him, he dealt out even harsher treatments, which led to even greater alienation among his subordinates.  He Wuji and Liu Yi quickly advanced on Jiangling, and Huan planned to flee again.  His subordinate Mao Xiuzhi (毛脩之), Mao Qu's nephew, falsely informed him that Mao Qu would support him, and Huan Xuan headed west toward Yi Province.  He soon encountered Mao Qu's troops, which made heavy bow-and-arrow attacks on his fleet, causing it to scatter.  The officer Feng Qian (馮遷) boarded Huan's ship and beheaded him.  His five-year-old son Huan Sheng (桓昇) was delivered to Jiangling and beheaded as well.

After Huan Xuan's death, his cousins and nephews would hold out at their various posts for more than a year, but eventually were all killed or forced to flee to other states.  Huan Xuan's hopes of establishing a new dynasty was no more.

Personal information
 Father
 Huan Wen, grand marshal of Jin, posthumously honored as Emperor Xuanwu
 Main wife of father
 Sima Xingnan (司馬興男), the Princess Nankang, daughter of Emperor Ming of Jin, posthumously honored as Empress Xuan
 Wife
 Empress Liu (created 404)
 Children
 Huan Sheng (桓昇) (b. 399), the Prince of Yuzhang (created 403, executed 404)

Notes

References

Chinese emperors
Jin dynasty (266–420) generals
Jin dynasty (266–420) regents
Huan Chu people
369 births
404 deaths
Chu
5th-century Chinese monarchs
Dynasties of China
Jin dynasty (266–420) people killed in action

Huan Xuan


"Prehistoric Ice Man" is the eighteenth and last episode of the second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 31st episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on January 20, 1999. Trey Parker wrote the episode with Nancy M. Pimental. Eric Stough directed it. In the episode, Stan, Kyle, Cartman, and Kenny go hunting for crocodiles after watching a Steve Irwin television program. Instead of a crocodile, they find a man who has been frozen in the ice.  Dr. Mephesto helps them thaw him out, and he comes alive again.  Even though he was only frozen since 1996, the other characters treat the ice man as if he is from prehistoric times.

This episode makes fun of the 1984 movie Iceman.

1999 television episodes
South Park (season 2) episodes

Prehistoric Ice Man