Kerri-Anne was an Australian morning television program shown on the Nine Network, hosted by Kerri-Anne Kennerley. It was broadcast on weekdays at 9am for two hours. The final episode of the series was on 25 November 2011. It was replaced by Today Extra, hosted by Sonia Kruger and David Campbell.

History

The program debuted on 28 October 2002 on the Nine Network to compete against Network Ten's Good Morning Australia with Bert Newton. The show began as a one-hour program from 9:30 to 10:30 am five days a week.

In the program's second season in 2003, the show progressed to an hour and a half from 9:30 to 11:00am. After the network's decision to rest Here's Humphrey, which had been broadcast since 1965, the show began its third season as a two-hour program from 9:00 to 11:00am.

Mornings proved to be a success against Good Morning Australia and, by the end of 2005, Newton announced that he would be returning to the Nine Network. As a result, Network Ten cancelled the program and replaced it with 9am with David & Kim at the start of the 2006 television season. The Seven Network saw the success that its competitors were having with the morning show format and created The Morning Show which began in June 2007. This meant that all three commercial stations from 9:00 to 11:00am now have their own morning show.

However, this changed in 2010, when Kerri-Anne was up against only the Seven Network's The Morning Show for the first hour after a re-shuffle of Network Ten's programming. Network Ten's programing shift came after 9am with David and Kim was axed and replaced by Ten Morning News at 9am, followed by its new morning show, The Circle at 10am.

The program covered a variety of issues and had interviews, music, lifestyle and societal commentary. Jamie Malcolm often appeared on the show, presenting some of the infotainments and as a sidekick to Kennerley. Nine News updates were presented by Wendy Kingston (Monday-Thursday) and Deborah Knight (Friday) throughout the program.

In 2010, the Nine Network announced that the show would be renamed from Mornings with Kerri-Anne to just Kerri-Anne as part of the show's makeover. The makeover consisted of a brand new set, new graphics and more variety within the program, consisting of more news and entertainment. Kerri Elstub, formerly the producer for Nine's breakfast TV program, Weekend Today, took over as producer. This shift also had the program share the studio with Today. In February 2010, it was announced that a highlight show would be ahown on Saturdays from 9 to 10am.

Amanda Keller, Brendan Jones, Catriona Rowntree, Sophie Falkiner, Nicky Buckley, Shelley Craft, Mia Freedman, Livinia Nixon, Jaynie Seal, Jamie Malcolm and Steven Jacobs filled in for Kennerley when she was sick or away.

A year later there were rumours swirling that the Nine Network was looking to replace Kennerley in the timeslot, with speculation that Ita Buttrose, Lisa Wilkinson and Catriona Rowntree would replace her. There was also further speculation that the show would introduce a new co-host for Kennerley amid other format changes following confirmation that Nine had registered Mornings with IP Australia. It was later confirmed by the Nine Network that the program would be ending after 9 years with Kennerley to be replaced by Sonia Kruger in a new refreshed program. On 25 November 2011, the final edition of Kerri-Anne was broadcast. The final broadcast included appearances by regulars including veterinarian Dr. Michael Archinal, No Junk Mail regulars Brendan Jones and celebrity hairdresser Joh Bailey amongst others. There was also farewell messages from Nine Network personalities as well as a look back at the best moments from across nine years of the program. The broadcast ended surrounded by a balloon filled set featuring a TV shaped cake with Kennerley thanking and bidding farewell to the viewers after nine years also adding that she would be returning to media in the future. A best of highlights show was broadcast over the December/January period. The highlights show concluded on 3 February 2012, with replacement program Mornings hosted by Sonia Kruger and David Campbell premiering on Monday 6 February 2012.

Segments
Kerri-Anne included a mix of lifestyle, cooking and interview segments along with advertorials and was presented in front of a live studio audience in Melbourne. The advertorials were for products from home-shopping companies such as Danoz Direct and Global Shop Direct and were presented by Roz Switzer, Jamie Malcolm and Paul Hancock.

 Celebrity and Hollywood entertainment news with Lucy Chesterton
 Cooking with various chefs everyday
 Current affairs with various commentators
 Movie and DVD reviews with Andrew Mercado
 Diet and nutrition with Dr Joanna McMillan
 Health and fitness with Amelia Burton
 Technology with Stephen Fenech
 IT with Charlie Brown
 Health with Dr Ric Gordon
 No Junk Male with Brendan Jones, Joh Bailey, Geoff Field and Ray Chesterton
 Pets with Dr Michael Archinal
 Nine News updates

Summer time
During the summer non-ratings period from December to January, a pre-recorded highlands show was broadcast, showing notable segments from the year past. Advertorials were still shown.

See also
 List of programs broadcast by Nine Network
 List of Australian television series
 List of longest-running Australian television series

References

External links

Nine Network original programming
2002 Australian television series debuts
2011 Australian television series endings
Australian variety television shows
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Sydney

Kerri-Anne


Colonel Sir Alfred "Toby" Rawlinson, 3rd Baronet,  (17 January 1867 – 1 June 1934) was an English soldier and intelligence officer, sportsman, pioneer motorist and aviator.

Early life
Rawlinson was the second son of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, 1st Baronet, a soldier, diplomat and expert in Persian antiquities. His mother was Louisa Caroline Harcourt, a daughter of Henry Seymour one of the Tory MPs for Taunton. Two of his uncles, Henry Danby Seymour and Alfred Seymour, were also MPs. His older brother became General Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson, who masterminded the Battle of Amiens and the Hundred Days Offensive that brought the fighting of the First World War to a close.

Rawlinson, known to family and friends as "Toby", was born on 17 January 1867 at the family home in Charles Street, Mayfair, in the West End of London. He was educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, after which he was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant into the 17th Lancers.

Sportsman
Rawlinson was a top-level polo player; he was in the winning teams for the inter-regimental tournament in India in 1889, the Hurlingham Champion Cup in 1896 and 1902, also the Ranelagh Open Cup, the All Ireland Open Cup and others. In the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, he was a member of the Foxhunters Hurlingham polo team which won the Olympic gold medal. He retired from the sport in 1911. Rawlinson was also a keen motor racing driver, resigning from the army to concentrate on the sport. He took part in the 1908 Isle of Man RAC Tourist Trophy ("TT") race, driving his Darracq into 7th place.

Rawlinson learned to fly in France in a Farman aircraft, essentially teaching himself after he was unable to enrol for formal lessons. He surprised everyone by getting into the air at his first attempt and was considered a natural if reckless aviator. In 1909 he acquired the rights for constructing Farman aircraft in the UK and subsequently resigned as managing director of the Darracq Motor Company to concentrate on this new passion. On 5 April 1910 Rawlinson became only the third person in the United Kingdom to hold a Royal Aero Club aviator's certificate.

France, 1914–15
At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Rawlinson was 47 and too old to be called up as a reservist. He therefore offered himself and his Hudson sports car to the Royal Automobile Club, who were assembling an "RAC Corps of Volunteer Motor Drivers". Rawlinson was one of twenty-five motorists selected to accompany the British Expeditionary Force to the continent to act as chauffeurs and dispatch carriers for the General Staff. He and the other drivers worked with the British Army in the first battles of the war, his car being adapted by the addition of a machine gun and flying a Union Jack. By October, he had been transferred to a staff position with IV Corps (which was commanded by his brother) and had been given the rank of colonel by Sir John French, despite having left the cavalry as a subaltern. His driving exploits were described in his Adventures on the Western Front, August, 1914 – June, 1915 (1925).

In the trench warfare that had developed, it became apparent that the British had nothing to match the German Minenwerfer. While an effective British weapon was in development, Rawlinson acquired 40 obsolete Coehorn mortars from the French army which became known as "Toby mortars" after him; they were first used in action at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915. On 9 May 1915, Rawlinson was injured by a German heavy shell at the Battle of Aubers Ridge and returned to England. While recovering at home on 20 June, he was visited by a staff officer from the War Office with a message stating that commissions could not be issued in the field and that he could not consider himself a serving officer. Despite being "hurt to the very soul" by the manner of his dismissal, Rawlinson went straight to the Admiralty and volunteered his services.

Air defence of London, 1915–17

On 20 June 1915, Rawlinson was appointed a lieutenant-commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and tasked with raising a new squadron of the RNAS Armoured Car Section. However, in August, he was interviewed by Commodore Murray Sueter RN, who was the commander of London's anti-aircraft defences. Owing to previous experience in the air defence of Paris, Rawlinson was "invited", in his spare time, to suggest improvements to the weapons and ammunition in use, as they had proved ineffective in the first Zeppelin attacks on London in the previous weeks. In September, he was placed under the direct command of Admiral Sir Percy Scott, who had been ordered to establish the London Air Defence Area. Rawlinson was tasked with forming a mobile anti-aircraft battery, using picked men from his armoured car squadron. He set off at once for France, in the hope of obtaining an example of the lorry-mounted Autocanon de 75 mm 1913 anti-aircraft gun and returned to London with one within 72 hours. This weapon became the nucleus of the Royal Naval Anti-Aircraft Mobile Brigade, under Rawlinson's personal command; it was first used in action against a Zeppelin on 13 October at Moorgate in the City of London. Eventually, the brigade was armed with four French 75mms, two QF 3-inch 20 cwts, and eight QF 3 pounder Vickers with four powerful searchlights, all mounted on lorries. Operating from the stables at Kenwood House, the guns could be rushed to prepared positions around the capital at very short notice. When the army took over the air defence of London in February 1916, the RNVR continued to operate the mobile guns under Army command. In August 1916, the brigade relocated to Norfolk, with the intention of intercepting the Zeppelins as they crossed the coast. Throughout this time, Rawlinson was continually refining the techniques of anti-aircraft gunnery, and claimed to have pioneered the use of acoustic location in detecting aircraft hidden by cloud. In January 1917, the brigade moved to the coast of Essex to counter the threat from German aeroplanes. In May 1917, Rawlinson was offered command of the newly created Western Sub-Command of the London defences, which required a transfer back to the army, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His new command consisted of 19 gun and 36 searchlight positions. He commanded these assets during the heavy air raids of late 1917.

Intelligence Corps
In January 1918, Rawlinson tendered his resignation and sought a post in pursuance of "an ardent desire to once more get a little closer to the enemy". In February, he obtained a transfer to the Intelligence Corps with the rank of colonel. Assignments include tours of duty in the Caucasus and Eastern Anatolia during 1918–1922. His mission was to guard the Tiflis-Baku railway, and to oversee the demobilizing of Turkish forces. Under Lionel Dunsterville, he was sent on a mission to the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus.

On his last assignment, to establish whether Turkey was obeying the armistice conditions, Rawlinson and his party were held prisoner in Erzurum by the Turkish authorities, placing the British Government in an awkward position, because his elder brother was a high-ranking military officer. He was eventually released in a prisoner exchange which included the so-called Malta Exiles, who were prosecuted for war crimes during World War I.

His book Adventures in the Near East (1923), chronicles the state of affairs during the armistice days at the end of World War I. In particular, he gives accounts of the landscape after the Russian withdrawal and the beginnings of the Turkish nationalist movement.

Private life
On 25 June 1890, Alfred Rawlinson married Margarette Kennard, the 6th daughter of William Bunce Greenfield DL. They had four children; twins Alfred Frederick and Honour Louisa were born on 23 August 1900. Honour died aged 12. They had a second daughter, Irene Margarette (died 1974) and a third, Mary, who also died in infancy. Margarette Rawlinson died on 18 September 1907 aged about 49.

On 13 December 1913, Rawlinson married his second wife Jean Isabella Griffin Aitkin, an actress also known by her stage name of Jean Aylwin. They were divorced in 1924; the composer Hubert Bath was named as co-respondent in the case.  The court heard that while she had been appearing in Polly, she had asked her husband to rent a flat for her opposite the theatre. When he went to visit her there, he encountered Mr Bath. On learning that his wife was too ill to come out, Rawlinson invited Bath out to lunch, who declined, claiming a prior engagement. Rawlinson returned to the flat later, where he again met Bath. When Bath went to ask Aylwin if she was well enough to receive her husband, Rawlinson heard her ask "Has he gone?" which aroused his suspicions about Bath's presence. Aylwin wrote to her husband afterwards, saying he was "quite wrong", and that Bath had been "a good friend". However, the housekeeper testified that Aylwin and Bath had often been alone together at the flat. The court found for Colonel Rawlinson and granted the divorce.

When Rawlinson's older brother died on 28 March 1925, he became the 3rd baronet, but did not inherit the peerage created for his brother, which became extinct.

Alfred Rawlinson died suddenly of natural causes at his flat in Clapham on 1 June 1934.

References

Footnotes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

1867 births
1934 deaths
Military personnel from London
People educated at Eton College
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
17th Lancers officers
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
English polo players
English Olympic medallists
Polo players at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Olympic polo players for Great Britain
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
English aviators
Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in polo
Royal Naval Reserve personnel

Sir Alfred Rawlinson, 3rd Baronet


The Mühlsteinbrüche ("Millstone Quarries") south of Jonsdorf in the Zittau Mountains in Saxony are a region of bizarre rock formations, which have been formed by the quarrying of sandstone for millstones and also by weathering processes. They are a popular hiking and climbing area. An educational trail runs through the region which has an area of about 35 hectares.

Location and surrounding area
The Mühlsteinbrüche are located south of Jonsdorf at a height of 480 to 560 metres. To the southwest they are adjoined by the Jonsdorfer Felsenstadt. About 600 metres to the south is the border with the Czech Republic.

Geology

The sandstone in the Mühlsteinbrüche region was formed in the geological age of the Middle Turonian and, based on its formation, belongs to the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. It is characterised by several special features. For example, the sandstone, which was formed by sedimentation, has been breached multiple times by basaltic and phonolitic intrusions as a result of contact with occurrences of Tertiary volcanism in North Bohemia. Often, in these cases, the rock has been exposed to thermal changes (contact with magma and hydrothermal fluids), which has led to vitrification of the rock (a melting of mineral grains at their grain boundaries). The sandstone retains its porosity, is hardened by the strength of its grain structure and thus its abrasion resistance is increased.

The area of Mühlsteinbrüche has as additional geological feature: its pronounced columnar sandstone. Its best known rock formation is the Große und Kleine Orgel ("Great and Little Organ"), whose appearance is easily confused with that of columnar basalt. The columns, which are completely atypical for sandstone, have a diameter of up to 15 centimetres and are bundled vertically on a solid, non-columnar sandstone block. They have been formed by thermal processes as a result of contact with magma. In 1852 Alexander von Humboldt sent an artist and two geologists here to study this phenomenon.

History
The use of sandstone in the Zittau Mountains for the production of millstones was already under way from the 16th century. The Jonsdorf Mühlsteinbrüche were one of more than 40 quarrying sites in the surrounding region. In 1560, quarrying began in Jonsdorf itself. Over 350 years, sandstone was quarried here and made into millstones with a diameter of up to 2.70 metres. To do this, the millstones were initially hewn out of one piece of rock. From about 1850, millstones were assembled from several pieces as there were no longer any sufficiently large and homogeneous sandstone blocks being quarried. Production was maintained until 1918. The main markets were in Russia and England. Moscow and Saint Petersburg had their own offices for the millstone trade.

In the 1950s, a nature trail was laid out by friends of nature and local history. From 1990, a restoration of the quarries was begun in order to make them accessible. In 2002, a demonstration workshop was built in the Schwarzer Loch ("Black Hole"). Today the Mühlsteinbrüche are a major attraction in the Zittau Mountains.

Sights

Rock formations:
Drei Tische, kidney-shaped sandstone rock formation, formed from iron oxide precipitation
Mausefalle ("Mousetrap"), a rock formation created by a rock collapse in 1908
Nashorn ("Rhino") and Bernhardiner
Große und Kleine Orgel ("Great and Little Organs")
Löwe ("Lion")
Humboldtfelsen ("Humboldt Rock"), a 7-metre-high basalt shaft in the Schwarzer Bruch ("Black Quarry")
Schnapslager
Rutsche ("Slide")
Old quarries
Bärloch ("Bear Cave")
Weißer Felsen ("White Rock")
Schwarzes Loch ("Black Hole") with its demonstration workshop and tunnel
Kellerbergbruch
Old Smithy:
 Steinbruchschmiede

Literature
 Andreas Gerth: Geologische Exkursionen in der Oberlausitz und im Elbsandsteingebirge. Oberlausitzer Verlag Spitzkunnersdorf, 2006;
 Meyers Naturführer Oberlausitz. Meyers Lexikonverlag Mannheim/Leipzig/Vienna/Zurich;

External links
Mühlsteinbrüche webpage by the Jonsdorf Mountain Club

Grinding mills
Rock formations of Saxony
Zittau Mountains
Quarries in Germany
Görlitz (district)
Building stone

Mühlsteinbrüche


, known as Block Hole outside Japan, is a hybrid puzzle/shoot 'em up game developed by Konami which was released in 1989 as an arcade game. Besides the arcade version, there were also ports of the game to the MSX2 (with a built-in SCC chip), Famicom, and Game Boy—home releases used the Quarth name worldwide (with the exception of the Game Boy Color release in Europe of Konami GB Collection Vol. 2, where the game was renamed to the generic title Block Game for unknown reasons).

Quarth was released on the Konami Net i-mode service as Block Quarth, with an updated Block Quarth DX in 2001. It was released without the "DX" suffix in 2005 and was made globally available through Konami Net licensing on many i-mode services offered by mobile operators. In Europe, for example, it was available from O2 UK, O2 Ireland, and Telefónica Spain.

In 2005, Konami also included the game in the Nintendo DS title Ganbare Goemon: Tōkaidōchū Ōedo Tengurikaeshi no Maki. An emulated version of the game was released in 2006 for PlayStation 2 in Japan as part of the Oretachi Geasen Zoku Sono series.

Gameplay

Quarth is a combination of Tetris-style gameplay and a fixed shooter in the Space Invaders tradition. The player's focus is on falling blocks, and the action is geometrical. Rather than arranging the blocks together to make a row of disappearing blocks, a spaceship positioned at the bottom of the screen shoots blocks upwards to make the falling block pattern into squares or rectangles. Once the blocks have been arranged properly, the shape is destroyed and the player is awarded points based on the shape's size. The blocks continue to drop from the top of the screen in various incomplete shapes. As each level progresses, the blocks drop at greater speed and frequency. There are also various power-ups which could be located to increase your ship's speed, among other bonuses.

The game continues until the blocks reach the dotted line at the bottom of the screen, whereupon the player's ship is "player's ship is "quarthed", crushed flat.

Multiplayer
The Arcade, MSX2, and Famicom versions had two different 2-player modes: a split-screen mode with Player 1 on the left and Player 2 on the right, and a cooperative mode where both players shared the same screen.

For the Game Boy, multiplayer requires the Game Boy Link Cable with each player able to view only their fields on their own Game Boys.

Merchandise

Soundtrack
 In addition, disc 14 of Konami Music Masterpiece Collection, which was released on October 1, 2004, is mostly devoted to Quarth.
 The game soundtrack of  was released on May 30, 2014, by EGG MUSIC and Konami Kukeiha Club and composed by Norio Hanzawa, exclusively in Japan.

Manga
 Quarth is one of the video games featured in the manga titled Rock'n Game Boy, by Shigeto Ikehara and Published by Comic BomBom October 1989 to December 1991.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Quarth on their December 1, 1989 issue as being the third most-successful table arcade unit of the month. Block Hole was a hit overseas in Europe, particularly the United Kingdom and Italy.

It has been generally acclaimed by many online reviewers, though Nintendo Life gave the Game Boy port on the 3DS Virtual Console a 6/10.

References

External links

1989 video games
Arcade video games
Falling block puzzle games
Game Boy games
Konami games
Mobile games
MSX2 games
NEC PC-9801 games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
X68000 games
Shoot 'em ups
Virtual Console games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
Split-screen multiplayer games
Konami arcade games
Video games developed in Japan
Hamster Corporation games

Quarth


An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.

Terminology
The word order (), in the case referred to in this article, can be traced back to the chivalric orders, including the military orders, which in turn trace the name of their organisation back to that of the Catholic religious orders.

Orders began to be created ad hoc and in a more courtly nature. Some were merely honorary and gradually the badges of these orders (i.e. the association) began to be known informally as orders. As a result, the modern distinction between orders and decorations or insignia has become somewhat blurred. While some orders today retain the original notion of being an association or society of individuals, others make no distinction, and an "order" may even be the name of a decoration.

Most historic chivalric orders imply a membership in a group, typically a confraternity. In a few exclusive European orders, membership is or was also limited in number. Decorations seldom have such limitations. Orders often come in multiple classes, including knights and dames in imitation of the original chivalric orders.

History
Modern national orders,  orders of merit, and decorations, emerged from the culture of chivalric orders established in the Middle Ages, originally the military orders of the Middle Ages and the Crusades, who in turn grew out of the original Catholic religious orders.

While these chivalric orders were "societies, fellowships and colleges of knights", founded by the Holy See or European monarchs in imitation of the military orders of the Crusades, granting membership in such societies gradually developed into an honour that could be bestowed in recognition of service or to ensure the loyalty of a certain clientele. Some of modern Europe's highest honours, such as the Order of the Golden Fleece, England's Order of the Garter, Denmark's Order of the Elephant and Scotland's Order of the Thistle, were created during that era. They were essentially courtly in nature, characterised by close personal relations between the orders' members and the orders' sovereign.

In the contemporary era, 96% of the world's states – 196 out of a sample of 204 polities, which includes sovereignty-claiming entities like Abkhazia – were found to use Orders to bestow them upon their own citizens and, as a diplomatic tool, upon foreigners. In total, 133 states even regulate the use of Orders in their constitutions. Only Switzerland, Micronesia, Libya, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, the Seychelles and possibly Tuvalu do not seem to confer official civil orders of merits.

Orders by fount of honour

State orders

Dynastic orders

By the time of the Renaissance, most European monarchs had either acquired an existing order of chivalry, or created new ones of their own, to reward loyal civilian and especially military officials. Such orders remained out of reach to the general public, however, as being of noble rank or birth was usually a prerequisite to being admitted.

In the 18th century, these ideas gradually changed and the orders developed from "honourable societies" to visible honours. An example of this gradual development can be seen in two orders founded by Maria Theresa of Austria. While the Military Order of Maria Theresa (1757) was open to any deserving military officer regardless of social origin, and would grant titles of nobility to those who did not already have them, the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary (1764) still required that one had to have at least four generations of noble ancestors.

Still today, many dynastic orders are granted by royal families to worthy individuals for service and achievements.

Orders by type

Orders of chivalry

Military orders

Orders of merit

In 1802 Napoleon created the Legion of Honour (), which could be awarded to any person, regardless of status, for bravery in combat or for 20 years of distinguished service. While still retaining many trappings of an order of chivalry, it was the first modern national order of merit and is still France's highest award today. The French Legion of Honour served as the model for numerous modern orders of merit in the Western world, such as the Order of Leopold in Belgium (1832) and the Order of the British Empire in the United Kingdom (1917). Orders of merit based on the French Legion of Honour typically retain five classes in accordance with habits of chivalric orders.

In communist countries, orders of merit usually come in one to three grades, with only a badge worn with or without a ribbon on the chest. An example of a communist order of merit was the one-class Order of Lenin of the Soviet Union (1930). Unlike Western orders, however, communist orders could be awarded more than once to an individual. After the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in the 1990s, most Eastern European countries reverted to the Western-style orders originally established before the rise of communism.

Today, many countries have some form of order of merit or national decorations. Both Thailand's Order of the White Elephant and Japan's Order of the Rising Sun are over 100 years old. In Canada and some Commonwealth Realms, the Order of Merit is the highest civilian honour. Canada has the Order of Canada and provincial orders such as the Order of Nova Scotia. Australia  has the Order of Australia, and New Zealand awards the Order of New Zealand and the New Zealand Order of Merit. The Order of Mapungubwe is the highest honour in South Africa, while the Orders of Luthuli, and the Baobab exist alongside other decorations. The United States awards the Medal of Honor to members of its military for acts of valour, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal to civilians. The Legion of Merit is the only United States decoration which may be issued in award degrees (much like an order of chivalry or certain orders of merit), but award degrees are only made to foreign nationals, typically senior military officers or government officials.

Switzerland does not award any orders. Article 12 of the 1848 Swiss Constitution prohibited the acceptance of honours and titles by Swiss citizens. The current Constitution of 1999 has no specific prohibition, but a federal statute effectively continues the prohibition by barring holders of foreign orders from holding public office. This practice has become common across the globe (albeit other countries usually issue a general prohibition to accept foreign orders, allowing for generous exceptions). Australia, for instance, bans the acceptance of honors from other sovereigns unless the honorific order comes from a list of countries specified in a regulation.

In 1974 the Cabinet of Sweden passed a regulation forbidding the monarch of Sweden from awarding membership in orders to Swedish citizens. The orders themselves were not abolished, but only the Royal Orders of the Seraphim and the Polar Star (both established in 1748) continued to be awarded, and only to foreign citizens and stateless individuals. In 1995 the regulation was altered, allowing the monarch to bestow the two remaining active orders to members of the Swedish royal family. Finally, in 2022, the 48-year-old regulation was repealed by the Swedish Government, the orders were re-opened to Swedish citizens, and the two dormant orders (Sword and Vasa) were revived, with effect from 2023.

Modern orders are usually open to all citizens of a particular country, regardless of status, sex, race or creed; there may be a minimum age for eligibility. Nominations are made either by private citizens or by government officials, depending on the country. An order may be revoked if the holder is convicted of a crime or renounces citizenship. Some people nominated for an award refuse it.

Ecclesiastical

See also
Military orders, awards and decorations
Civil awards and decorations
Ecclesiastical decoration
Fraternal order
Religious order
Phaleristics
Socialist orders of merit

References

Works cited

Honor
Heraldic societies
Heraldry

Order (distinction)


Woodsy Owl is a national symbol and advertising character for the United States Forest Service with the aim of motivating children to form healthy, lasting relationships with nature. Harold Bell of Western Publishing (and the producer of the Smokey Bear public service announcements), along with Glen Kovar and Chuck Williams, originally created the mascot in 1970 as part of a United States Forest Service campaign to raise awareness of environmental protection. Woodsy Owl has been an integral part of the educational program of the US Forest Service for decades and is particularly active against littering and environmental pollution. Woodsy's original motto was "Give a hoot! Don't pollute" and has since been updated to "Lend a hand—care for the land!"  Together with Smokey Bear, Woodsy Owl has become an American environmental icon who has found its way into pop culture in numerous songs, comics and television appearances.

Woodsy Owl's name, character, and mottos are protected symbols under Public Law 93-318 as property of the United States, to be managed by the secretary of Agriculture.

Origin
Woodsy Owl was created in 1970 as part of the second US environmental movement. During this phase of growing environmental awareness, Smokey Bear, which has existed since 1944, was increasingly relied on for environmental education. The US Forest Service was concerned that the bear, with the motto of forest fire prevention, could be misused through excessive use. Forest Service officials therefore commissioned the development of a new protagonist and message.

Harold Bell, who had worked as a merchandising agent for Walt Disney, among others, created Woodsy Owl together with Chuck Williams and Glenn Kovar, two employees of the Forest Service and technical consultants for the popular television series Lassie, and its collaborator Betty Hite. The Robin Hood inspired hat Woodsy wears to this day was motivated by a movie item Williams found on the set. Before choosing the owl, a raccoon, rainbow trout, ladybug and moose had been discussed. The decisive factor was the owl's habitat, which includes not only the forest but also urban regions and should therefore also appeal to an urban audience. This is also alluded to by The Ballad of Woodsy Owl, in which it says "Woodsy Owl has got a home on the big branch of a tree / When he looks from left to right, town and forest he can see." the big branch of a tree / If he looks from left to right, he sees town and forest. ") After successful test marketing in schools, summer camps and church groups, Woodsy Owl was registered as a trademark on August 20, 1970 at the US patent office. USFS employee Rudy Wendelin, who had already played a key role in the design of Smokey Bear, refined the graphic designs of the figure and breathed "personality" into it.

Woodsy's slogan was officially introduced on September 15, 1971, by Secretary of Agriculture Clifford Hardin. The first Woodsy Owl public service spot was created by U.S. Forest Ranger Chuck Williams, who was the Forest Service's technical consultant for the Lassie TV show which featured a Forest Service Ranger and his family. Williams, along with Bell and Glenn Kovar, also of the U.S. Forest Service, brainstormed the idea for the Woodsy motif name together in Los Angeles, California, in 1970. In 1974, the U.S. Congress passed the Woodsy Owl Act (Public Law 93-318) to protect the character making it a federal crime to reproduce his image or original slogan.

Despite the documented history of Woodsy Owl's creation, various rival claims to his parentage have emerged over the years. Several individuals have stated that they invented Woodsy Owl as children as part of a nationwide poster contest. The Forest History Society has said that no evidence of such has been provided.

Several songs have been used in conjunction with the Woodsy Owl environmental campaign, including "The Ballad of Woodsy Owl" and "Help Woodsy Spread the Word". Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz, the drummer for "Weird Al" Yankovic, recorded "The Woodsy Owl Song."

For his appearances in commercials that aired in the 1970s and 1980s, Woodsy was voiced by several actors, including Sterling Holloway, Barry Gordon, Dave Kimber, and Frank Welker.

Several other environmentalism-, conservation- or outdoor-themed comics and characters have appeared over the years, including Mark Trail and Smokey Bear. Woodsy Owl appeared as a comic by Gold Key Comics from 1973 to 1976.

See also
 Johnny Horizon
 Mark Trail
 Smokey Bear

References

External links

 U.S. Forest Service National Symbols Program
 Remembering Harold Bell, Creator of Woodsy Owl. Peeling Back the Bark, the Forest History Society.

American mascots
Male characters in advertising
Bird mascots
Cartoon mascots
Mascots introduced in 1971
Fictional owls
Public service announcement characters
Public service announcements of the United States
United States Forest Service

Woodsy Owl


Nachvak Fjord is a deep fiord in northern Labrador nearly  wide and  long. The fjord is divided in two arms on the western end called Tallek and Tasiuyak. The Torngat Mountains that surround Nachvak Fjord are the highest in Labrador, where both Mount Razorback to the north and Mount Caubvick to the south are located.

The Inuit of Labrador have historically used this place as a summer fishing station. It was the site of a Hudson's Bay Company post from 1868 to 1905, the most northerly of the company's posts in Labrador. Governor William MacGregor estimated during his trip to northern Labrador in 1905 that there were 20 to 30 heathen, non-Moravian Inuit, in addition to Hudson's Bay Company personnel. In 1904 the Moravians induced several families to move to Killiniq where a mission station was established. In 1908 MacGregor had noted that the Moravians hoped to induce the remaining Inuit to move to Hebron.

Tributaries
Many small rivers and canoeing routes empty into the fjord.

The Palmer River, flows northeasterly through the Torngat Mountains and empties into Tallek.

References

Ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
Fjords of Newfoundland and Labrador

Nachvak Fiord


Marymount School Barranquilla (also referred to simply as "Marymount") is a private, co-educational, Catholic school catering to students from Early Childhood to Grade 12 (aged 3–19) located in Barranquilla, Colombia. It operates on the American school system, participating and being an exam center for the region on SAT and PSAT/NMSQT exams.

History and overview
Founded in 1953 by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary, Marymount is located in a residential section of the city of Barranquilla. Originally a school for girls, Marymount opened a section for boys in 1981. Boys now form approximately one third to one half of each academic group throughout the school.

Marymount has an average enrollment of 1300 students served by a faculty and staff numbering over 180. The main campus houses the administration and library building, the primary school, the elementary school, junior and senior high school, limited sports facilities, and a modern chapel and auditorium building. The Preschool facilities (Nursery, Pre-Kinder, Kinder and Transition), and a free tuition school ("Fundación Educativa Madre Buttler or Fundemabu") are located across the street. Marymount has extended sports facilities on a 4-hectare piece of land approximately 20 minutes from the main campus, called the "Promised Land"; this is where the whole school will move at a future date.

Colegio Marymount is a Colombian school, subject to the directives and frequent supervision of the Colombian Ministry of Education at each level. Since 99% of the students speak Spanish at home, the preschool has adopted a total English immersion program for the first years of school. Approximately 99% of the primary and elementary school curriculum is taught in English using textbooks printed in the States. Each grade level has three to four class divisions with 19 to 27 students per group.

Through extra class hours and intensified college preparation programs, completely bilingual graduates receive the Colombian Bachillerato Diploma, the Marymount High School diploma, the Marymount Principles of Office Management Diploma, the University of Michigan English Proficiency Certificate, and the French Alliance Certificate. Students in the upper grades take standardized tests including the PSAT, SAT, TOEFL, ELPT, and ICFES (Colombia's version of the SAT). 100% Marymount's graduates enter colleges and universities in Colombia, USA, and Europe.

It has been ranked for many years as Barranquilla's top private school. It has for many consecutive years gained the highest results in SAT, TOEFL, and ICFES exams in the City of Barranquilla and the Caribbean Region of Colombia

Their mission is to provide comprehensive and Catholic education for the training of leaders committed to a global society through teaching and learning to love God, others, and the world around us.

Harvard University influence

Marymount's teaching methodologies are coherent with the pedagogical approach of the "Teaching for Understanding" Project Zero of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Project Zero's mission is to understand and improve learning, thinking, and creativity in both the humanistic and the scientific disciplines, at an individual and institutional level. This pedagogical approach defines "understanding" as "the ability to apply knowledge in new situations". It consists of teaching by processes that seek to develop critical, creative, and meta-cognitive thinking, and the ability to solve problems. Its prime goal is to have individuals understand the thinking processes so well that they can apply them in different disciplines and/or situations of their professional and personal life.

Accreditations and affiliations

New England Association of Schools and Colleges
The New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), founded in 1885, is the oldest regional accrediting association in the United States whose stated mission is the establishment and maintenance of high standards for all levels of education, from pre-kindergarten to the doctoral level.

NEASC serves more than 2000 public and independent schools, colleges and universities in the six states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont and 138 American/International schools around the globe.

The NEASC is headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts.

Marymount Colleges
The Marymount Colleges are a group of colleges founded by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (RSHM), an institute with French origins which was founded on February 24, 1849. When the institution expanded to the United States, its members founded a series of parochial schools, called the RSHM Network of Schools, with the name "Marymount."

Council of International Schools
The Council of International Schools (CIS) is a non-profit association of international schools and post-secondary institutions which aims to improve international education. It provides services such as: educational accreditation, teacher and leadership recruitment services, links to higher education, governance assistance and help with founding new schools.

CIS works with its member schools around the world, most of which are co-educational and independent, catering for students between the ages of 3 and 19 years.  These schools serve the expatriate community, although many also have a substantial enrolment of local nationals.  They vary in size from an enrolment of 50 to over 2,000.  In the majority of schools the language of instruction is English, although not all students are native English speakers.  About a quarter of the member schools offer part of their curriculum in a second language.  Some schools offer a standard U.S. college preparatory program of studies, others a traditional British curriculum, while others combine elements from these and other systems.  An increasing number offers an international curriculum culminating in the International Baccalaureate Diploma.

Notable alumni
 Cecilia Álvarez-Correa Glen, Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism
 Yaneth Giha Tovar, Minister of Education
 Elsa Noguera, Politician and Economist
 Adriana Tarud, Miss Colombia 2004
 Sofia Vergara, Model and Actress
 Natalia Abello Vives, Minister of Transport of Colombia

External links

 Marymount Barranquilla
 Barranquilla Model United Nations

Educational institutions established in 1953
Schools in Colombia
International schools in Colombia
1953 establishments in Colombia

Marymount International School Barranquilla


The German Resource Center for Genome Research (RZPD, Resourcenzentrum Primärdatenbank) was a service center for gene and genome research in Berlin-Charlottenburg and Heidelberg.

History
In 1987 Hans Lehrach and Günther Zehetner founded the Reference Library / Primary Database (RLDB) at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) in London. The RLDB distributed macroarrays generated at the ICRF to research groups worldwide. The macroarrays consisted of clones of genomic and cDNA libraries transferred to 22 × 22 cm nylon filters with the help of robots which have been developed by Zehetner at the ICRF. The first-generation machines achieved a 1/100 mm resolution employing two-phase stepper motors in a half-step modus with 400 steps per rotation. These robots achieved spotting densities of more than 400 dots per square centimeter having been programmed for a spatial resolution of 0.015 mm over a moving length of 600 mm. A second generation of robots engineered from 1991 to 1992 achieved already a spotting density of up to 2500 dots per square centimeter utilizing linear motors. Experimental results done with the standardized materials were reported back by researchers and collected in the Primary Database. In January 1990 Zehetner was appointed as Associated Scientist at the ICRF under the then Director General Sir Walter Bodmer.

In early 1995 the RLDB moved to Berlin to the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, where it continued its work.

In the summer of 1995, the Resource Centre was established as part of the German Human Genome Project (DHGP) by Hans Lehrach (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin-Dahlem), Günther Zehetner (MPIMG, until July 2000 Scientific Director of the Berlin Resource Center) and Annemarie Poustka (German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg). As Resource Center/Primary Database (RZPD) it took over the work of the RLDB. It was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in order to provide the materials free of charge to the members of the DHGP, while they were available to other researchers at cost prize. The RZPD became the largest database for genetic clones worldwide and was associated with many of the major national and international gene and genome research projects.
The RZPD was one of only two distributors in Europe for IMAGE cDNA clones and also constructed its own plasmid, cosmid, YAC and cDNA libraries. Each clone was stored in a well of a 96 or 384 well microtiter plate, which were kept, while not used for spotting, in deep freezers at -80 °C.

On 1 July 2000 the RZPD was converted into a Non-Profit-Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (gGmbH). This company with limited liability was supported by three of the most important research companies in Germany: the Max Planck Society, the German Cancer Research Center and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC Berlin-Buch). As scientific company members served Hans Lehrach (MPIMG), Annemarie Poustka (DKFZ), Jens Reich (MDC) Matthias Uhlen (Karolinska Institute, Stockholm) and Harald zur Hausen (DKFZ).

On 31 July 2007 the non-profit company was disbanded. A large part of the existing services was taken over by two new companies. ImaGenes (a start-up company by the former managing directors of the RZPD) and ATLAS Biolabs GmbH, which was co-founded by Lehrach with the former department heads of the RZPD, Uwe Radelof und Bernd Drescher.

Services
The scope of services was constantly expanded and included the provision of genomic cell clones and cDNA databases, cell cultures, microarrays, expression profiles, Affymetrix services and PCR offers. Data collected in the Primary Database were made available to compare experimental results by researches using the globally standardized material provided by the center.

Locations
The RLDB office in London was located in the main ICRF building at Lincoln's Inn Fields, Holborn and later moved to bigger premises in the adjacent Royal College of Surgeons building. The Lincoln's Inn Fields building was later sold to the London School of Economics and demolished in 2018 to make way for their new Marshall Building.

In Berlin the RZPD was first located at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin-Dahlem and then moved to a nearby site at the Harnack road (which today is the site of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) before the center relocated to its final location at the former building of the Empress Auguste Viktoria Infant Home in Heubnerweg in Berlin-Charlottenburg. The Neo-baroque building was constructed in the years 1907–1909 under the leadership of architect and Berlin City Commissioner for City Planning Ludwig Hoffmann established, while the planning was significantly influenced by the architect Alfred Messel. The small Heidelberg component of the center was located within the DKFZ.

References

Bioinformatics companies
Biological research institutes
Companies based in Berlin
Genetics in Germany
Genetics or genomics research institutions
Research institutes in Berlin
Research support companies


The Baroncelli Chapel is a chapel located at the end of the right transept in church of Santa Croce, central Florence, Italy.

It has frescoes by Taddeo Gaddi executed between 1328 and 1338.

Description

Gaddi artworks
The fresco cycle represents the Stories of the Virgin. In this work, Gaddi showed his mastership of Giotto's style, with a narrative disposition of the characters in the scenes, which are more crowded than his master's. He also continued to experiment with the use of geometrical perspective in the architectural background, obtaining illusionistic effects in details such as the oblique staircase in the Presentation at the Temple.

The two niches with still lifes in the basement are perhaps inspired by Giotto's ones in the Scrovegni Chapel.

The delicate and soft features are characteristic of Gaddi's late style. The adoption of night light in the Annunciation to the Shepherds is nearly unique in the mid-14th century painting of central Italy.

Gaddi also designed the stained glasses, with four prophets on the exterior, and perhaps had a hand in the altarpiece also: this, dating to c. 1328, has the signature Opus Magistri Jocti, but the style shows the hands of assistants, including Gaddi himself. It is an elaborate polyptych, depicting the Coronation of the Virgin surrounded by a crowded Glory of Angels and Saints. The cusp of the altarpiece is now at the San Diego Museum of Art of San Diego, California, United States. The original frame was replaced by a new one during the 15th century.

Other artworks
Other artworks in the chapel include, on the right wall, a Madonna of the Cintola by Sebastiano Mainardi.

The Baroncelli Polyptych, painted by Giotto di Bondone c.1334, is in the chapel.

The Baroncelli family owned the tomb on the external wall, which was designed by Giovanni di Balduccio in 1327. He also sculpted the statuettes of the Archangel Gabriel and the Annunciation on the arcade's pillars.

The  "Madonna with Child" sculpture inside the chapel was created by Vincenzo Danti in 1568.

References

Baroncelli Chapel wga.hu

Baroncelli
Church frescos in Florence
Gothic paintings
Paintings by Giotto
1320s paintings
1330s paintings
14th century in the Republic of Florence
Gothic architecture in Florence

Baroncelli Chapel


Asheville Mall is a regional mall in Asheville, North Carolina.
Asheville Mall is located off Interstate 240 in eastern Asheville. It is predominantly a one-story mall. Its anchors are Belk, JCPenney, and two Dillard's locations. It has 132 stores and is the largest mall in Western North Carolina. It also dominates the area's retail.

History
Asheville Mall was developed by R. L. Coleman and Company opening in stages beginning with Sears on February 3 1972 and the rest of the shopping center opening November 23 1973.  The mall's development was met with resistance from city officials and nearby property owners.  During site grading a neighbor pulled a shotgun and threatened a bulldozer operator with it.   During the construction's final phase a helicopter crashed into roof and had to be removed with a crane. The copter was being used to move air conditioning units onto the roof at the time of the crash.  The center's completion is a testament to the negotiation skill and perseverance on Mr. Coleman's part. The original anchors were The Bon Marche, Belk, and Sears. The S & W Cafeteria moved to the Mall from downtown Asheville in 1974. Shortly after the opening, an Ivey's was added in the mid-1970s, along with a minor addition to the mall.  In 1989, JCPenney joined the mall, adding onto a wing that had been added earlier in the decade.  Montgomery Ward opened in 1994 in the space that housed The Bon Marche, later regional chains Meyers-Arnold and Uptons.  After Dillard's purchased Ivey's in the early 1990s, that store was converted to a Dillard's. Belk expanded its store and added a second level in 2000. In the same year the mall added a Food Court.

Chick Fil-A opened the first store in the region in the mid eighties. This was the only mall location in company history open on Sundays due to mall rules until 1997 when the lease was renegotiated.

The mall also expanded a wing from JCPenney to Belk adding 30 stores. The Coleman family sold the mall in 1997. After Montgomery Ward's closure in 2000, its store became Dillard's Men's, Children's, and Home, with the original Dillard's becoming a women's store.

In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at Asheville Mall, into Seritage Growth Properties. Sears closed this location in July 2018 and is planned to be redeveloped into new apartments.

On June 30, 2020, an SEC filing by owner CBL Properties listed Asheville Mall among properties that would likely be foreclosed upon.

References

External links
Asheville Mall
Guide to the Asheville Mall, and other Shopping Attractions in Asheville

Buildings and structures in Asheville, North Carolina
Kohan Retail Investment Group
Shopping malls in North Carolina
Shopping malls established in 1971
Tourist attractions in Asheville, North Carolina

Asheville Mall


Low Isles Light, also known as Low Islets Light or Low Island Light, is an active lighthouse located on Low Island, a coral cay which together with Woody Island forms the Low Isles group, about  northeast of Port Douglas, Queensland, Australia. The island is situated on the western edge of the main shipping channel into the harbour of Port Douglas, and it marks the entrance to the channel. Built in 1878, it was the first lighthouse in Far North Queensland and more specifically the first to light the Inner Passage of the Great Barrier Reef. Its construction is typical to Queensland lighthouses of the time, timber frame clad with galvanized iron, and it is the fourth lighthouse of this type constructed in Queensland, though it is the first of them to use portholes.

The lighthouse was recommended in February 1876 but construction of the lighthouse and cottages, by W. P. Clark, started more than a year later. The structures were ready and the light was lit in late 1878. The original oil wick light was upgraded to kerosene in 1923, to electricity in 1963 and finally converted to solar power in 1993, when the station was demanned.

The size of the island mandated a rather compact circular pattern of structures. Other than the lighthouse, none of the original structures survived, the keeper residences being rebuilt in the 1960s. One of the residences now serves as a research station. The station is owned and managed by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. The site can be visited but the tower is closed.

History

The need for lights in the Inner Passage inside the Great Barrier Reef arose with the development of ports in the north of Queensland such as Mackay in 1860 and Bowen in 1864. Access to these ports from the north necessitates the negotiation of the Inner Passage which was completely unlit. The need was officially noted by a Legislative Council committee in 1864, especially noting shipping from India, China and other countries to the north which would avoid the northern ports due to the dangerous navigation required, but no official recommendation was made.

A station on Low Island was established 1874. A recommendation for the construction of a permanent lighthouse was made in February 1876 by Commander George Poynter Heath, the first Portmaster of Queensland and the Chairman of the Queensland Marine Board, Commander George Heath, in a letter to the Colonial Treasurer. While the recommendation was accepted for immediate action, the preparation of plans for the lighthouse was delayed from an unknown reason and tenders were called in March 1877. The contract, for £3,195, was awarded in May 1877 to W. P. Clark, who already constructed Queensland's first lighthouse since the separation, Bustard Head Light, in 1868, and who was later to be awarded the contracts for Cape Cleveland Light and Dent Island Light (1878), Double Island Point Light (1884) and Pine Islet Light (1885). Clark committed to completing the lighthouse and cottages in seven months, starting in June 1877. Constructed commenced in Brisbane in July 1877 and by December 1877 the lighthouse was being moved to Low Island. Construction completed by August of that year and light was finally displayed on 17 September 1878. The lens was a Chance Brothers 3rd order (500 mm focal length) revolving dioptric supported by a roller bearing pedestal and the characteristic mentioned was "attains its greatest brilliancy every minute", with visibility of . The tower was painted white. The original light source was oil wick burners with an intensity of 13,000 cd. Construction also included three lighthouse keeper cottages, which were also prefabricated elsewhere and brought to the site.

In March 1911 the island was hit by a cyclone, stripping it of soil and vegetation, and damaging the station buildings. As preparation for transferring the light from the Queensland Government to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service, an evaluation was made by Commander Brewis in 1912, which recommended an upgrade of the light to incandescent mantle and a change of the characteristic to one flash every ten seconds, as well as the installation of a fog signal. The station was transferred to the Commonwealth in 1915, and it was only in 1923 that the recommendation was acted upon, and the light source was upgraded to vapourised kerosene with an intensity of 100,000 cd. At the same time, the characteristic was altered, and again in 1930.

In 1960 two of the three residences were replaced with modern structures.  Upgrade to electric operation occurred in 1963 and in the same year three structures were constructed. The original boathouse, constructed in 1920, was replaced with a new structure, relieving quarters were built and a fuel store was constructed. In 1972 a powerhouse and a bulk fuel store were constructed.

In 1992 the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) announced its plans to automate the station, remove the light keepers, and transfer the island to the responsibility of the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS). This prompted the foundation of the Low Isles Preservation Society, a community organization with the purpose of protecting the island and the lighthouse. The light was eventually converted to solar power in March 1993, and as planned the station was demanned and the site was transferred to the QPWS. The lens which was removed at the time is now on display in the Court House Museum of Port Douglas. The last keeper left the island in 1994.

Current display
The current light characteristic is a white flash every ten seconds (Fl.W. 10s) visible for a distance of .
The apparatus is a VRB-25 rotating at 1 rpm. The light source is a 12 Volt 20 Watt Halogen lamp with an intensity of 49,212 cd.

Structures

Lighthouse
The tower stands on a concrete base. It is conical in shape, built of an internal timber frame, clad with galvanized iron plates riveted together, and painted white. Sunlight is provided through portholes and access to the top floor is via a square timber staircase surrounding the central weight tube. The intermediate landings are of metal clad wood. The tower is surmounted by a balcony and Chance Brothers  diameter lantern room, housing a VRB-25 lantern. The balcony is made of radial cantilevered timber sections and is surrounded by an iron balustrade.

Other structures
The size of the island mandated a compact arrangement of the structures, in a radial pattern with the lighthouse as the axis including both living quarters and service structures. The structures include two keeper's cottages, originally one for the head keeper and one for the assistant keeper, relieving quarters, an older and a newer powerhouses, an old fuel store and a newer bulk fuel store, a boat house and a toilet block. The station also includes a grave site, some tank, a landing for amphibious vehicles and some weather recording equipment. All structures are timber-framed and fibro clad except for the 1972 powerhouse which is brick constructed.

The cottages, constructed in the early 1960s, are raised on concrete posts, and the area beneath is used for utility purposes. Access is through aluminium stairs constructed in 1987. They have hipped roofs of fibro cement and stainless steel gutters.  The cottage formerly housing the assistant keeper now serves as the Low Isles Research Station. It includes a laboratory under the house and can accommodate six people.

Site operation and visiting
The light is operated by the AMSA. The site is owned and operated by the QPWS as part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The island is accessible only by boat, and day tours to Low Isles are available from Cairns and Port Douglas. The station is open to the public but the tower itself is closed.

The original 1878 lens is on display in the Court House Museum of Port Douglas.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Australia

Notes

References

External links

Lighthouses completed in 1874
Lighthouses in Queensland
1874 establishments in Australia
Commonwealth Heritage List places in Queensland
Buildings and structures in Far North Queensland
Tourist attractions in Far North Queensland
Shire of Douglas

Low Isles Light


Breidis Enrique Prescott Consuegra (born May 3, 1983) is a Colombian professional boxer. In his early career he had a reputation as a formidable puncher, winning 18 of his first 20 fights by knockout. In 2008, Prescott first became known on the world stage when he upset heavily favoured and then-undefeated Olympian Amir Khan, which gave rise to Prescott's nickname of "The Khanqueror". His younger brother Daulis Prescott is also a professional boxer.

Amateur career
As an amateur, Prescott represented Colombia at the 2003 Pan American Games, where he was stopped in the first round by Lucas Matthysse of Argentina. In 2022, Prescott went back to amateur boxing and tried to win the WBL welterweight title which after three rounds was defeated by Richard Willows by unanimous decision.

Professional career
Prescott made his professional debut on July 1, 2005, stopping Oscar Pineda in the first round. In his next seventeen fights, Prescott would win all but one by knockout or stoppage. On June 27, 2008, Prescott made his United States debut against Richar Abril, winning a ten-round split decision. Prescott would make headlines on September 6, when he travelled to England to face 2004 Olympic silver medalist Amir Khan. In a major upset, Prescott knocked Khan out in less than a minute into the first round to win his first regional championship, the WBO Inter-Continental lightweight title.

2009 was not as successful for Prescott, despite continuing to garner worldwide exposure to boxing audiences. On February 20, he defeated Humberto Toledo after the latter was disqualified in the tenth and final round for biting Prescott on the shoulder. On July 17, Miguel Vázquez handed Prescott his first professional loss by frustrating him with his highly awkward style, despite himself being knocked down in the first round. The bout was ruled a ten-round split decision in favour of Vázquez, but the lone scorecard for Prescott was seen as controversial.

A second consecutive loss for Prescott occurred on December 5 during his second visit to England, as Kevin Mitchell won a wide unanimous decision with the now-vacant WBO Inter-Continental lightweight title on the line. Prescott returned to winning ways in 2010 and early 2011, scoring three wins with ease, but on September 10, 2011, he lost a close twelve-round unanimous decision to Paul McCloskey in England. This was followed by a dramatic loss on what would be Prescott's biggest stage to date, as part of the undercard to Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III on November 12, 2011.  In what was described as a thriller, Prescott went to war with fellow power-puncher Mike Alvarado, outworking him in the first half of the fight. However, in the tenth and final round, Prescott was knocked down and then hurt by a series of punches from Alvarado, which forced the referee to stop the fight.

In 2012, Prescott bounced back by winning two fights, but in 2013 would endure his fifth loss, this time to undefeated prospect Terence Crawford, who won a clear ten-round unanimous decision. Since then, he has lost 12 of his next 17 bouts.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Barranquilla
Lightweight boxers
Light-welterweight boxers
Welterweight boxers
Pan American Games competitors for Colombia
Boxers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Colombian male boxers
21st-century Colombian people

Breidis Prescott


Road to Morocco is a 1942 American comedy film starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, and featuring Anthony Quinn and Dona Drake.  The film, which was written by Frank Butler and Don Hartman and directed by David Butler for Paramount Pictures, is the third of the "Road to …" films. It was preceded by Road to Zanzibar (1941) and followed by Road to Utopia (1946). The story is about two fast-talking guys castaway on a desert shore and sold into slavery to a beautiful princess. The setting is in Morocco.

Plot
The film opens with a sea freighter exploding. While the cause of the explosion remains a mystery, two stowaways, Jeff Peters and Orville 'Turkey' Jackson, are seen floating on wreckage. It is revealed that Orville's smoking habit caused the blast, and the two men joke about cannibalism as they spot land. Upon reaching the beach, Orville reminds Jeff of his promise to Aunt Lucy to take care of him, but Jeff says she died before he could agree to it. Conveniently, a camel appears, and they hitch a ride.

As Jeff and Orville make their way into the city, they are nearly run over by Arabs led by Sheik Mullay Kasim, who has come to propose to Princess Shalmar. Orville is approached by men carrying a mysterious woman in a veiled palanquin, and her hand takes his before they leave. While at a restaurant, Jeff and Orville plan to skip out on the bill, but a man takes Jeff aside and gives him some money. Jeff had sold Orville, and although he is initially angry, he eventually calms down after Jeff promises to buy him back. Two men then throw a hood over Orville and carry him off.

Jeff has a vision of Aunt Lucy, who shames him for selling Orville. He attempts to buy Orville back but discovers that he has been sold once again. Aunt Lucy then advises Jeff to find Orville and suggests that he sing his favorite song. Jeff walks and sings until a note and Orville's locket are thrown from the palace, warning him of danger. Jeff climbs over the palace wall and hears a woman singing. He sneaks in and finds Orville with Princess Shalmar and other beautiful girls.

Jeff storms into the palace but is caught by guards. Orville pretends not to know him, resulting in the princess dismissing everyone except Jeff. Orville then confesses to their engagement, but the princess reveals that she bought him and that her wise man advised her to marry him. The princess invites Jeff to stay, and Orville is waited on by girls, including Mihirmah, who confesses her love for him. Jeff confronts Orville, who then has him thrown out.

Later, Jeff sings and attracts the princess, and they go for a walk. Mihirmah tries to convince Orville to leave with her. Jeff tells the princess that he should be the one marrying her, but Orville threatens him with a sword. The following day, Kasim threatens to kill Orville, but the princess takes him to the wise man, who reveals a prophecy: the first husband will die a violent death within a week of marriage, and the second will have a long and happy life. The princess declares that Orville is the first husband, and Kasim finally understands.

Orville learns of the prophecy and runs off with Mihirmah, convincing Jeff that the princess actually loves him. That night, Aunt Lucy's spirit rebukes Orville. Princess Shalmar refuses to marry Jeff and sends Orville away to prepare for the wedding. Later, the wise man tells the princess and Jeff that he misread the stars and that the prophecy is incorrect. Jeff now understands why Orville wanted to avoid the marriage, and tells him that the princess has changed her mind. Meanwhile, Kasim learns of the news and rallies his men.

Princess Shalmar and Jeff decide to get married in the United States along with Orville and Mihirmah. However, Kasim intervenes and abducts the princess while giving Mihirmah to one of his men. Jeff and Orville attempt to use their 'patty-cake' routine on Kasim, but it fails, and they end up getting captured along with the girls.

Kasim leaves Jeff and Orville stranded in the desert and takes the women with him. While wandering in the desert, they discover an oasis near Kasim's camp. They try to sneak in but are caught. They then witness a clash between two sheiks and take advantage of the chaos to escape with the girls.

Eventually, they board a boat back home. However, things take a dangerous turn when Orville causes an explosion while smoking in the powder room. Fortunately, they all survive by clinging onto a pile of wreckage near New York harbor.

Cast

 Bing Crosby as Jeff Peters
 Bob Hope as Orville "Turkey" Jackson
 Dorothy Lamour as Princess Shalmar
 Anthony Quinn as Mullay Kasim
 Dona Drake as Mihirmah
 Vladimir Sokoloff as Hyder Khan
 Mikhail Rasumny as Ahmed Fey
 George Givot as Neb Jolla
 Leon Belasco as Yusef

 Monte Blue as Second aide to Mullay Kassim
 George Lloyd as First guard
 Dan Seymour as Arabian buyer
 Stanley Price as Idiot
 Louise LaPlanche as handmaiden
 Yvonne De Carlo as handmaiden
 Brandon Hurst as English announcer
 Nestor Paiva as Arab sausage vendor
 Devi Dja as Dancer (uncredited)
 Cy Kendall as Fruit stall proprietor (uncredited)
 Kent Rogers as Male Camel (voice, uncredited)

Reception
The film was placed at No. 4 in the list of top-grossing movies for 1942 in the USA.

Bosley Crowther of The New York Times liked it: "Let us be thankful that Paramount is still blessed with Bing Crosby and Bob Hope, and that it has set its cameras to tailing these two irrepressible wags on another fantastic excursion, Road to Morocco, which came to the Paramount yesterday. For the screen, under present circumstances, can hold no more diverting lure than the prospect of Hope and Crosby ambling, as they have done before, through an utterly slaphappy picture, picking up Dorothy Lamour along the way and tossing acid wisecracks at each other without a thought for reason or sense...The short of it is that Road to Morocco is a daffy, laugh-drafting film. And you'll certainly agree with the camel which, at one point, offers the gratuitous remark, 'This is the screwiest picture I was ever in'."

Variety commented: "Crosby, Hope and Lamour have done it again. Their click in Road to Singapore and Road to Zanzibar is eclipsed by Road to Morocco... Crosby, of course, is still more or less straighting for Hope's incessantly steaming gags. The two have never teamed better, nor have they, seemingly, romped with such abandon."

Songs
 "(We're Off on the) Road to Morocco", sung by Bing Crosby and Bob Hope
 "Ain't Got a Dime to My Name", sung by Bing Crosby
 "Constantly", sung by Dorothy Lamour
 "Moonlight Becomes You", sung by Bing Crosby, and later by Lamour, Hope, and Crosby

All lyrics to all songs are by Johnny Burke to music by Jimmy Van Heusen.

Bing Crosby recorded several of the songs for Decca Records. "Moonlight Becomes You" topped the Billboard charts for two weeks during a 17-week stay in the lists. "Constantly" and "(We're Off on the) Road to Morocco" also charted briefly. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series.

Awards and honors
The picture received Oscar nominations for Best Sound Recording (Loren L. Ryder) and Best Writing, Original Screenplay. In 1996, Road to Morocco was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated
 2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #78
 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
 "(We're Off on the) Road to Morocco" – #95
 "Moonlight Becomes You" – Nominated
 2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated

Legacy
In an NPR interview, Middle East expert Dr. Jack Shaheen of Southern Illinois University cites Road to Morocco as "one of the most stereotypical films ever to come out of Hollywood." The films themselves were spoofing the popular adventure movies of the time, however.

History
Road to Morocco featured the first affectionate interracial kiss ((between Bob Hope and Dona Drake) in film. Previously in 1934, the movie Java Head had an quick kiss between married characters Anna Mae Wong and Gerrit Ammidon.

References
Notes

External links

Road to Morocco essay by Richard Zoglin at National Film Registry

 Road to Morocco essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. A&C Black. 2010. . pp. 355-356.

1942 films
1940s adventure comedy films
1942 musical comedy films
1942 romantic comedy films
American adventure comedy films
American black-and-white films
American buddy comedy films
American musical comedy films
American comedy road movies
American romantic comedy films
American romantic musical films
1940s buddy comedy films
Road to ... (film series)
Films scored by Victor Young
Films directed by David Butler
Films set in Morocco
Paramount Pictures films
Self-reflexive films
United States National Film Registry films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

Road to Morocco


Damien George Rice (born 7 December 1973) is an Irish musician and singer-songwriter. He began his career as a member of the 1990s rock group Juniper, who were signed to Polygram Records in 1997. The band enjoyed moderate success in Ireland with two released singles, "The World is Dead" and "Weatherman". After leaving the band in 1998, Rice worked as a farmer in Tuscany and busked throughout Europe before returning to Ireland in 2001 and beginning a solo career. The rest of Juniper went on to perform under the name Bell X1.

In 2002, Rice released his debut album, O. It reached No. 8 on the UK Albums Chart, won the Shortlist Music Prize, and generated three top 30 singles in the UK. He released his second album, 9, in 2006. After eight years of various collaborations, Rice released his third studio album, My Favourite Faded Fantasy, in 2014. He has contributed music to charitable projects such as Songs for Tibet, the Enough Project, and the Freedom Campaign.

Early life
Rice was born in Dublin on 7 December 1973, the son of George and Maureen Rice. He grew up in Celbridge, County Kildare where he attended Salesian College. He is the second cousin of Irish singer Stevie Mann and English composer David Arnold.

Career

Juniper
Rice formed the rock band Juniper along with Paul Noonan, Dominic Philips, David Geraghty and Brian Crosby in 1991. The band met whilst they were schoolmates in Celbridge. After touring throughout Ireland, they released their debut EP Manna in 1995. Based in Straffan, the band continued touring and signed a six album record deal with PolyGram. Their recording projects generated the singles "Weatherman" and "The World is Dead", which received favourable reviews. They also recorded a song named "Tongue", which was later released on the Bell X1 album Music in Mouth. The song "Volcano" was also written with Juniper but not released. It was later released by both Bell X1, on the album "Neither am I", and on Rice's debut album O.

After achieving some of his musical goals with Juniper, Rice became frustrated with the artistic compromises required by the record label, and he left the band in 1998. He moved to Italy, where he settled in Tuscany and took up farming for a time, then returned to Ireland before busking around Europe. He returned to Italy a second time and gave a demo recording to his second cousin, English composer David Arnold, who then provided him with a mobile recording studio.

Solo career

In 2001, Rice's song "The Blower's Daughter" made a top-40 chart. Over the next year he continued to record his album with guitarist Mark Kelly, New York drummer Tom Osander aka Tomo, Paris pianist Jean Meunier, London producer David Arnold, County Meath vocalist Lisa Hannigan and cellist Vyvienne Long. Rice then embarked on a tour of Ireland with Hannigan, Tomo, Vyvienne, Mark and Dublin bassist Shane Fitzsimons.

In 2002, Rice's debut album O was released in Ireland, the UK and the United States. The album peaked at No. 8 on the UK Albums Chart and remained on the chart for 97 weeks, selling 650,000 copies in the US. The album won the Shortlist Music Prize and the songs "Cannonball" and "Volcano" became top 30 hits in the UK.

In 2005, Rice participated in the Freedom Campaign, the Burma Campaign UK, and the U.S. Campaign for Burma to free Burmese democracy movement leader Aung San Suu Kyi. He campaigned for her release by writing the song "Unplayed Piano", which he performed at the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo.

In 2006, Rice released his second album, 9, which was recorded during the two previous years. 2007 was a year of touring with Rice appearing at England's Glastonbury Festival and the Rock Werchter festival in Belgium In 2008 he contributed the song "Making Noise" for the album Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace in support of the 14th Dalai Lama and Tibet.

In 2010, Rice contributed the song "Lonely Soldier" to the Enough Project and played at the Iceland Inspires concert held in Hljómskálagarðurinn near Reykjavík centrum. Records released in the UK, Europe and other countries were published by 14th Floor Records via Warner Music. In spring 2011, Rice featured on the debut album by French actress and singer Melanie Laurent. He appears on two tracks on her debut album En t'attendant while collaborating on a total of five tracks which feature on the album. In May 2013, Rice told the audience at the South Korea Seoul Jazz Festival 2013 that he was working on a new album.

On 4 September 2014, Rice's official Twitter account announced his third album, My Favourite Faded Fantasy, to be released on 31 October. On his official website the date given for the official release was 3 November 2014. The album, featuring the first single "I Don't Want To Change You", was released worldwide on 10 November 2014 to critical acclaim from NPR's Robin Hilton and the London Evening Standard.

In 2020, Rice covered Sia's "Chandelier", with his cover appearing on the Songs for Australia benefit album.

While giving a concert in Valencia, Spain, in late July 2023, Rice found out that Sinéad O'Connor had died because the audience shouted it at him. After taking a moment to take in this news, he then proceeded to play "Nothing Compares 2 U" as a tribute to O'Connor.

Discography

Studio albums
 O (2002)
 9 (2006)
 My Favourite Faded Fantasy (2014)

See also
List of songs performed by Damien Rice

References

External links

Damien Rice – Official website
Damien Rice – Official MySpace page

1973 births
Living people
Irish buskers
Irish folk singers
Irish pop singers
Irish male singer-songwriters
Irish singer-songwriters
Musicians from County Kildare
People from Celbridge
Singers from Dublin (city)
Winners of the Shortlist Music Prize
Irish expatriates in England
Irish expatriates in Italy
Irish male guitarists
Indie folk musicians
21st-century Irish male singers
14th Floor Records artists
20th-century Irish male singers
20th-century Irish guitarists
21st-century Irish guitarists

Damien Rice


Hilda Chedomille Madsen (December 13, 1910 – May 1, 1981) was a British-American artist and dog breeder.

Early life
Born Hilda Chedomille Narracott in Belgium, to an English father (who died in World War I) and American mother (the Fay family of Bennington, Vermont).  Her mother was an artist, and Hilda also studied art, graduating from the Sorbonne Art School in Paris.

Her mother remarried an Italian, and Hilda moved to Italy, where she became fluent in Italian (as well as French and English). She met her future husband, Viggo, a Danish ship communications officer, while both were touring the Vatican.

They married and moved to the United States in 1935, living in New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, where they raised their three sons.

Dog breeding career
In 1960, Madsen got her first Newfoundland (dog), and over time became a leading breeder, founding Hilvig Kennels. In 1977, Time magazine  described her as "the grand dame of Newfoundland dog breeders", and a "revolutionary" in seeking to resolve the conflicting goals of the physical requirements of the show ring and the traditional attributes of a good working dog.

In 1968, she won a rare triple award at the US's most prestigious show, the Westminster Kennel Club show in New York.

Art career
Madsen had several one-woman shows, and was best known for portraits and animal studies.

Personal life
She married Viggo Madsen (born June 9, 1904), a Danish ship communications officer.  They had three sons:
Eric Viggo Madsen (born October 12, 1936; died January 26, 1973)
Keith Madsen
Alan Madsen

Among Hilda Madsen's great-grandchildren are:
Kip Johnson, a musician studying at UNC in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and
Lane Johnson, a musician at Eastern Guilford High School in North Carolina

References
NCA obituary
Time magazine article

External links
Hilda Madsen's 1934 British passport at PassportLand.com

1910 births
1981 deaths
Dog breeders
Dog trainers
American artists
Belgian expatriates in Italy
Belgian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American zoologists
20th-century American women scientists

Hilda Madsen


Donald Rogers Maynard (January 25, 1935 – January 10, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver known for playing for the New York Jets in the National Football League (NFL). He also played with the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals; and  the Shreveport Steamer of the World Football League (WFL).

Maynard was a four-time AFL All-Star and played for the Super Bowl III champions. The Jets retired Maynard's No. 13 in his honor. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and included on the AFL All-Time Team.

Nicknamed "Country", the quick and sure-handed Maynard was perhaps the most productive receiver of his day, setting career records for total receiving yards as well as yards per reception.

Early life
Maynard grew up in Texas. His father was a cotton broker, and with the family constantly moving, Maynard attended 13 schools, including five high schools. As a senior at Colorado City High School in Colorado City, Texas, he lettered in football, basketball, and track.

College career
Maynard played collegiately for Rice University (one year), then for Texas Western College (now the University of Texas at El Paso). In three seasons (1954–56) with the Miners, he caught only 28 passes but averaged 27.6 yards per reception and recorded 10 touchdowns. As a running back, he had 843 yards rushing on 154 attempts for a 5.4 average and also returned punts and kickoffs. He amassed 2,283 all-purpose yards, while also intercepting 10 passes playing defensive back.

Professional career
The New York Giants selected Maynard in the ninth round, with the 109th overall selection, of the 1957 NFL Draft. In 12 games as a rookie, he had 12 rushes for 45 yards (3.8 yards per carry), caught five passes for 84 yards (a 16.8 yard average), and  played on special teams. After being released by the Giants during their 1959 training camp, he played one season in the Canadian Football League with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, catching just one pass for 10 yards. In the off-season, he worked as a plumber and a teacher.

Maynard became the first player to sign with the New York Titans in 1960 (the team was renamed the Jets in 1963). This came about because the Titans' first head coach, Sammy Baugh, had coached against Maynard in college and knew his talent. Although scorned by the New York press as an "NFL reject" in 1960, he teamed with Art Powell to form the first professional wide receiver tandem to each gain over 1,000 yards on receptions in a season, with the pair achieving this milestone again in 1962. Over the next 13 years Maynard put up receiving numbers that would earn him a spot in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1987.

Collecting 72 pass receptions in his first year as a Titan, he went on to compile four more seasons with 50 or more catches and 1,000 yards receiving, and held the professional football record for total receptions and yards receiving.  A four-time AFL All-Star, he is sixth in all-time pro football touchdown receptions, and is a member of the AFL All-Time Team.

In 1965, Maynard was teamed with rookie quarterback Joe Namath. Maynard had 1,218 yards on 68 receptions and 14 touchdowns in Namath's first season (Namath had 22 touchdown passes that year). In 1967, Maynard caught 1,434 of Namath's historic 4,007 passing yards. The receiving yards were a career-high for Maynard and led the league; he also had 71 receptions, 10 touchdowns, and averaged 20.2 yards per catch. In the 1968 season opener against Kansas City, Maynard had 200+ receiving yards for the first time in his career and passed Tommy McDonald as the active leader in receiving yards, where he remained for the next six seasons until his retirement. He added a career-best 228 yards in Game 10 against the Oakland Raiders. Maynard had 57 receptions for 1,297 yards (22.8 yards per catch) and 10 of Namath's 15 touchdowns that year. In the 1968 AFL Championship Game, a 27–23 Jets victory over the Oakland Raiders, Maynard caught six passes for 118 yards and two touchdowns. His 14-yard catch in the first quarter gave the Jets the lead and his six-yard catch in the fourth quarter proved to be the game winner. The Jets won Super Bowl III, 16–7 over the NFL's Baltimore Colts, which was hailed as the first "upset" in Super Bowl history. Maynard played, but had no catches while suffering the effects of a hamstring injury in the AFL title game.

Maynard played four more seasons with the Jets after Super Bowl III including being named first-team all-Pro in 1969. But long-simmering tensions between him and Jets' Coach Weeb Ewbank boiled over in 1973. He reported late to Jets' camp that summer and, six weeks later on September 10, Ewbank unceremoniously traded him to the St. Louis Cardinals for a future draft pick. He appeared in the Redbirds' first two games for rookie head coach Don Coryell and caught one pass for 18 yards but didn't play in the club's next two contests and was released October 10. Two months later, on December 12, Maynard signed as a free agent with the playoff-bound Los Angeles Rams. The Rams were coached by Chuck Knox, who'd mentored the New York Jets' offensive line during four of Maynard's prime seasons in Gotham – 1963-'66. The Rams, however, didn't activate Maynard for their final game of that regular season nor their 27-16 divisional playoff loss to the Dallas Cowboys in Texas Stadium two days before Christmas.

His NFL playing career at an apparent end, the 39-year-old Maynard caught on with the Houston Texans / Shreveport Steamer of the embryonic World Football League the next summer. But he had just five receptions for the club, which was forced to abruptly move from Houston in September 1974 when Texans' owner R. Steven Arnold unloaded the financially floundering franchise on a group of investors from Shreveport, Louisiana. Maynard retired as an active player after that tumultuous season but was hired by the newly christened Steamer's as their receivers' coach. Maynard remained in that role until the organization – and league – folded for good in October 1975.

As a player, Maynard did not wear a chin strap on his helmet, instead using special cheek inserts that held the helmet tightly in place.

One of only 20 players who were in the AFL for its entire 10-year existence, Maynard was also one of only seven players who played their entire AFL careers with one team. Maynard finished his career with 633 receptions for 11,834 yards and 88 touchdowns. His 18.7 yards per catch is the highest for anyone with at least 600 receptions. Maynard was the first receiver to reach 10,000 yards and retired as pro football's all-time leader in receptions and yards receiving. Charley Taylor passed him in career receptions in 1975, while Maynard's yardage mark stood until 1986, when Charlie Joiner surpassed him.

Post-NFL career

Following his NFL career, Maynard went on to participate in many charity-sponsored events. He also participated in the coin toss in Super Bowl XXXIII along with his former teammates, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the 1958 NFL Championship, which is also known as "The Greatest Game Ever Played". He was also once named the grand marshal in the annual El Paso Sun Bowl Thanksgiving Parade. He worked as a math and industrial arts teacher, sold a variety of products, and was a financial planner.

Later in his life, Maynard lived in both El Paso and in Ruidoso, New Mexico to be close to his son and daughter and two grandchildren. His son was also a coach in the Canadian Football League with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1990.

Maynard and his wife Marilyn (Weaver), whom he met when she was a student at Texas Western, were married in December 1955 after his junior season. She predeceased him. Maynard died from complications of dementia, among other ailments, at a care facility in Ruidoso on January 10, 2022, at the age of 86.

See also
 List of American Football League players

References

External links

 Don Maynard discusses Super Bowl 3

1935 births
2022 deaths
American Football League All-Star players
American Football League All-Time Team
American Football League players
American football wide receivers
Deaths from dementia in New Mexico
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Houston Texans (WFL) players
National Football League players with retired numbers
New York Giants players
New York Jets players
New York Titans (AFL) players
People from Crosby County, Texas
People from Ruidoso, New Mexico
Players of American football from El Paso, Texas
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Shreveport Steamer players
St. Louis Cardinals (football) players
UTEP Miners football players

Don Maynard


College Republicans are college and university students who support the Republican Party of the United States. The Republican Party does not officially affiliate with any College Republicans groups, although operatives work alongside chapters in many instances. College Republicans chapter typically function independently, are part of an independent statewide organization, or a national alliance. The College Republicans are known as an active recruiting tool for the party and have produced many prominent Republican and conservative activists and introduced more party members to the Republican party than any other organization in the nation.

Notable Organizations

Notable national College Republican organizations include:

 College Republican National Committee (CRNC)
 College Republicans of America
 College Republicans United
 National Federation of College Republicans

Notable state College Republican organizations include:

California College Republicans
New York Federation of College Republicans

Governance of national organizations

College Republican National Committee (CRNC)
The College Republican National Committee (CRNC), has historically been the main national College Republicans organization. The CRNC National Chairwoman and the national leadership team, including an executive director, political director, finance director, comptroller, national field director, treasurer, national secretary, and 4 regional vice-chairs, are elected at the bi-annual College Republican Convention. The current CRNC National Chairwoman is Courtney Britt. In recent years, the CRNC has lost many of its state affiliates and chapters.

National Federation of College Republicans (NFCR)
The National Federation of College Republicans was created in response to controversies arising in the CRNC. The bylaws and leadership selection processes of the NFCR are not public. The NFCR claims to encompass 20 state federations (including but not limited to Michigan, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland), however certain listed states only have chapters associated with the NFCR (such as Wisconsin). The NFCR Leadership positions consist of a Chairperson, a National Vice Chairperson, an executive director, a treasurer, a secretary, and a Parliamentarian. Rachel Howard is the current National Chairwoman of the NFCR.

College Republicans of America (CRA)
The CRU established in 2023 and encompasses four state chapters (Wisconsin, California, Arizona, and Tennessee); a plurality of clubs in Nebraska, North Dakota, and Massachusetts; and a few clubs in several additional states. The CRA President and the national committee consist of an appointed president, appointed vice-presidents, appointed directors, and annually elected regional representatives. The CRA also has a Board of Governors which consist of one National Committeeman per state, elected or appointed by that state (so long as they are "in good standing") via however the state sees fit. The current CRA President is Will Donahue.

College Republicans United (CRU)
The College Republicans United (CRU) was established in 2018 to oppose what was seen as a CRNC that was hostile to President Donald Trump. It consists of various college chapters in Arizona, Louisiana, Iowa, and New England (including Dartmouth). The leadership structure and bylaws of the organization are not made public. The CRU have been criticized for chapters which allegedly posted "anti-Semitic" and "racist" postings online, causing rifts between the CRU and other CR organizations and donors. The CRU drew further outrage after inviting Nick Fuentes, a noted "white nationalist," to their National Convention event. The CRU is currently the smallest federation by state and chapter count, containing 10 chapters.

Governance of state organizations

State federations
There are upwards of 40 College Republican state federations. Each federation administers the College Republican activities at the state level. The state federation leadership team, which includes a state chairperson and other officers, serve as the primary link between local university chapters and the national federation. The state chairman serves as the representative for College Republicans when dealing with the state Republican Party, local media, and governmental entities. State federations are responsible for organizing and assisting local chapters with securing proper credentials, recruitment efforts, and campus voter canvasses. It is a state federation's responsibility to organize and implement activities for statewide campaigns. Like the national organization, state federations operate as non-profit associations that are not legally affiliated with the Republican Party.

Campus chapters
The college and university-based chapters of College Republicans operate in a dual capacity as student clubs associated with a particular campus and as members of their state federation. Like the state federations and national committees, the campus chapters are affiliated with their local Republican Party, but are not official arms of that organization. The chapter chairperson and leadership team are responsible for maintaining the campus club's credentials and constitution, and representing the College Republicans when dealing with university administration, other student groups, and in the surrounding community. The campus chapter leadership team might include many members, with administrative responsibilities delegated to dormitory and Greek chapter chairpersons.

Activities

During election season, campus chapters are responsible for organizing and implementing the campus canvas, running mock elections, managing the local get-out-the-vote efforts. At other times, the campus chapters will organize issue advocacy and lobbying efforts, welcome conservative guest speakers to campus, and organize social events and other recruitment activities.

Generally, the hired field representative or chapter chair begins the school year with membership tables on campus for recruitment. Members use door-to-door canvassing and word of mouth to identify and register as many Republican voters among the student body as possible. These individuals are encouraged to vote through an absentee ballot and assist the candidates with election day Get Out The Vote efforts. Chapters occasionally run student mock elections and other special events as a means to gain positive earned media attention for a candidate.

Gallery

See also

 College Republican National Committee (CRNC)
List of Chairpersons of the College Republicans
 Republican National Committee
 Young Republicans
 Teenage Republicans
 Turning Point USA
 College Democrats of America
 College Democrats

References

External links
 College Republican National Committee – CRNC Website
 College Republican National Committee's IRS Filing Forms
College Republicans United — CRU Website

Republican Party (United States) organizations
Student organizations established in 1892
527 organizations
Conservative organizations in the United States
Student wings of political parties in the United States
Youth politics in the United States
Youth wings of political parties in the United States

College Republicans