Incorporates information and translations from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

Admiral  was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and the 18th Governor-General of Taiwan during most of the Pacific War, serving from December 1940 to December 1944.

Early life and naval career

The second son of a doctor, Hasegawa was born in the village of Yashiro in the district of Asuwa, Fukui Prefecture, now incorporated into the city of Fukui. Having aspirations to join the Navy from an early age, in 1900 he graduated from high school and enrolled at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy on 17 December. He graduated as a midshipman on 14 December 1903, ranking sixth in his class of 173, and joined the crew of the cruiser . He transferred to the battleship  on 4 January 1904. As Hasegawa had graduated on the eve of the Russo-Japanese War, his class did not make the usual long-distance navigational training voyages, which only resumed after the conflict. On 23 May, Hasegawa was transferred to the battleship . He received minor wounds at the Battle of the Yellow Sea on 10 August, and was commissioned an ensign on 10 September. Serving at the decisive Battle of Tsushima on 27 May 1905, Hasegawa was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 5 August. He was wounded when the Mikasa exploded and sank at Sasebo on 11 September. He was then assigned to the cruiser  and embarked on a training cruise from 15 February 1906, returning to Sasebo on 25 August. He rejoined the Mikasa five days later after her reconstruction had been completed. Hasegawa was assigned to the destroyer Shirotae on 23 February 1907, and was promoted to lieutenant on 25 September 1908.

Hasegawa enrolled at the Naval War College as a Class B student on 25 May 1909, and entered the naval torpedo school on 24 November. Graduating on 23 May 1910, on 25 May he was assigned to the armoured cruiser  as a squad leader, and assigned to the  on 24 June. On 16 October, he embarked on a cruise which took him to Honolulu, San Francisco and Acapulco, returning to Japan on 6 March 1911. Appointed to the staff of the Second Fleet on 11 March, he was appointed an instructor at the Naval War College torpedo school on 1 December. He enrolled at the Naval War College as a Class A student on 1 December 1912, and was promoted to lieutenant-commander on 1 December 1913. He graduated on 27 May 1914, ranking second in his class of 16, and briefly commanded the destroyer Mikazuki before being assigned as the aide to the admiral of the Second Fleet.

During World War I, Hasegawa participated in the Siege of Tsingtao in October 1914. In February 1915, he was assigned to the Personnel Department of the Navy Ministry and on 1 April 1916 was appointed assistant secretary to the Minister of the Navy and future Prime Minister Admiral Katō Tomosaburō. On 1 December 1917, he was assigned as an assistant naval attaché at the Japanese embassy in Washington, D.C., and was promoted to commander a year later. As anti-Japanese and general sentiments against the "yellow peril" remained high, fears of spying prompted embassy officials to ban the use of the Japanese language within the embassy and to only speak in English; however, Hasegawa personally felt the Americans genuinely had decent motives. He became good friends with Yamamoto Isoroku, his successor as naval attaché. Hasegawa was promoted to naval attaché in Washington on 20 March 1919, and returned to Japan the following year, resuming service in the Personnel Department of the Navy Ministry.

On 1 December 1922, Hasegawa was promoted to captain and appointed director of the Personnel Department. He was appointed to the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff the following 1 November. Though Hasegawa had differences with his superior Admiral Katō, they maintained harmonious relations. Hasegawa was also in favour of allowing all qualified candidates admittance to the Naval Academy and Naval War College, regardless of political affiliation. This cemented his friendship with a fellow captain and future vice-admiral, Terashima Ken (1882 - 1972); they remained friends until Hasegawa's death. Hasegawa was again appointed naval attaché in Washington on 10 November, returning to Japan on 15 April 1926. He was given the command of the coastal defence vessel and former cruiser  on 1 May, and received the command of the  on 1 December.

Hasegawa was promoted to rear admiral on 1 December 1927 and appointed commander of the Yokosuka Naval District. He was appointed commander of the Third Torpedo Squadron on 1 September 1929 and appointed commander of the Submarine Squadron on 30 November. The following year, he was appointed head of naval policy in the Navy Ministry, and appointed commander of the Kure Naval Arsenal on 1 December 1931. Re-appointed to the Naval General Staff in October 1932, Hasegawa attended the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva from April to October 1933. He was promoted to vice-admiral on 1 December 1933 and became Vice-Minister of the Navy in May 1934.

In December 1936, Hasegawa was given command of a fleet, and was appointed commander of the Third Fleet on 20 October 1937. The Panay Incident took place during his tenure as fleet commander. As Commander-in-Chief of the Third Fleet in China, Hasegawa met several Chinese admirals and generals, who respected Hasegawa for his civil behaviour. He was once again assigned to command the Yokosuka Naval District on 25 April 1938, and was promoted to full admiral on 1 December 1939.

Governor-General of Taiwan

Hasegawa was appointed a military councillor on 1 May 1940, and appointed the 18th Governor-General of Taiwan on 27 November; though it was customary for Governors-General to be retired military officers, the Naval Minister, Koshirō Oikawa, insisted on Hasegawa's remaining on active service. Hasegawa arrived in Taihoku (Taipei) on 16 December. An anecdote is given that at the new Governor-General's official welcoming ceremony; he picked up a maid in a burst of exuberance and sat her on his lap, which astonished many of those present. During Hasegawa's tenure as Governor-General, a preparatory course for Taihoku Imperial University was set up and compulsory education at the elementary level strengthened. He moderated the radical Kominka (Japanization) movement in Taiwan promoted by his predecessor, Seizō Kobayashi, who wanted to replace Taiwanese folk religion by Japanese Shinto. He relinquished his office on 30 December 1944 and returned to Japan.

Later naval career
Hasegawa had been considered as a candidate for Naval Minister in the new cabinet of Suzuki Kantarō; instead, he was appointed inspector-general of the Imperial Navy and headed an office conducting research into advanced naval technologies from 1 June 1945. The office continued to function until the surrender of Japan on 15 August. Along with all other Imperial officers, he entered the reserves on 30 November, after over four decades of service.

Postwar
Along with many other leading politicians and military commanders, Hasegawa was arrested in late 1946 as a suspected Class A war criminal by the American occupation authorities. As he had been commander of naval forces in China at the time of the Panay Incident, he was questioned by GHQ officers. However, Hasegawa made a formal apology to the American and British officers; impressing the court with his integrity, he was acquitted. Following his release from Sugamo Prison on 14 January 1947, in 1951 he sat on an advisory committee composed of former Imperial Japanese Navy officers to oversee the formation of the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force.

Hasegawa died in Kamakura on the 25th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, aged 87. His grave is at the Kamakure Reien Cemetery.

Honours
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (29 April 1934)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (13 August 1938)
Order of the Golden Kite, 1st Class (4 April 1942)

References

1883 births
1970 deaths
Governors-General of Taiwan
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
Japanese admirals of World War II
Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
Japanese military personnel of World War I
Military personnel from Fukui Prefecture
Military personnel of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Nanjing Massacre perpetrators
Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class

Kiyoshi Hasegawa (admiral)


The Mabel Dodge Luhan House, also known as the Big House, is a historic house at 240 Morada Lane in Taos, New Mexico, United States. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991. It is now used as a hotel and conference center.

It was a home of arts supporter and writer Mabel Dodge Luhan (1879–1962), where she orchestrated one of the most successful artistic salon environments in the early 20th century United States, hosting well-known writers, painters, photographers, and musicians, and nurturing the young Taos art colony.

Description
The Mabel Dodge Luhan House is located near the eastern edge of the town center of Taos, at the end of Morada Lane. The house, originally part of a larger compound, is a 20+ room adobe construction up to three stories in height. Stylistically it is an early example of what is now recognized as the Pueblo Revival style, blending elements of traditional Native American Pueblo elements with those of the Spanish Colonial period.

History
The house was built between 1917 and 1922, using largely tradition Puebloan construction methods, and incorporates into its structure two older buildings. The work was overseen by Tony Luhan, a Native American whom Mabel Dodge later married. The public spaces of the interior include the large "Big Room", a two-section chamber that doubles as entrance vestibule, and the "Rainbow Room", so named for the colors painted on the latillas (the crossing members of the ceiling above the vigas). The house was the largest of several small houses Luhan had built on her property; the others served as additional guest quarters, and have not been well preserved.

Mabel Dodge Luhan was born into a wealthy family and was well-educated in the arts. In the 1910s, she became well known for the salon-style gatherings at her New York City apartment. Her short marriage to painter Maurice Sterne brought her to New Mexico in 1917, where she soon bought the property near Taos, and sought to recreate the salon atmosphere in the budding art colony.

Her endeavour was highly influential, furthering the careers of writers Willa Cather and D.H. Lawrence, artists and photographers including Ansel Adams, Georgia O'Keeffe, and Edward Weston. Musical guests included composer and conductor Leopold Stokowski and composer Dane Rudhyar. While resident here, Luhan also wrote seven books on cultural and intellectual aspects of American society.

The house was later owned for a time by actor Dennis Hopper. It presently is used as a hotel and conference center, with a focus on education.

Gallery

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Taos County, New Mexico
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico

References

External links

Adobe buildings and structures in New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Taos, New Mexico
Houses completed in 1922
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico
National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico
Pueblo Revival architecture in Taos, New Mexico
Tourist attractions in Taos, New Mexico
Houses in Taos County, New Mexico
National Register of Historic Places in Taos County, New Mexico

Mabel Dodge Luhan House


Angie Elizabeth Brooksby  (born 1965) is a contemporary American-born painter. She paints cityscapes of Paris, specifically the paintings of the Parisian blue hour. Before living in Paris she lived and painted for over 20 years in Florence, Italy. She was born in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Work
She studied photography in Maryland at Frederick High School (FHS) with Dr. Margaret Dowell co-author of Addiction and Art (Johns Hopkins Press), while at FHS she received awards from the state of Maryland for excellent photography and she was selected to attend the summer program at the prestigious CTY in 1982.
In 1987 she earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts with honors in sculpture from the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA).  While at MICA she studied with sculptor John Shahn, the son of social realist painter Ben Shahn, and with poet Joe Cardelli.
In 1986 she attended Studio Art Centers International in Florence, Italy where she studied painting with Fulbright Scholar Gene Baldini.

Awards
Fanny B Thalheimer prize from Maryland Institute College of Art.
1983 – first prize for continuing arts education from the Frederick County Arts Association
1983-1984 – Senatorial scholarship from the state of Maryland
1984 – merit scholarship from the Loats Foundation and the Ephraim Kaiser prize
1999 – awarded the first prize for painting in the Premio Firenze whereupon her painting was published on the cover of Eco d'Arte Moderna magazine

While in Italy she was invited to participate in the international exhibition of contemporary art, Premio Sulmona from 1999 through 2004, sponsored by the Italian Ministry of Affairs and the region of Abruzzo in 2001 the critic Vittorio Sgarbi presided the jury. Brooksby also participated upon invitation to the Premio Santhià in 1999, 2002 and 2005  sponsored by the region of Piedmont. She has appeared several times on Toscana TV for the program Incontro con l'Arte interviewed by Fabrizio Borghini, and in 1999 Brooksby was invited among 20 Florentine painters to exhibit at the Fortezza da Basso with the art critic Tomasso Paloscia. May 4, 2000 Brooksby was interviewed by Matt Lauer on The Today Show live from Florence, in 2002 she was part of the documentary on the Stendahl syndrome "Holi-days" an interview for documentary by Tell-Tale Productions. In January 2010 Brooksby was interviewed for the Frederick News Post

She is the author of two articles about importing and exporting art and antiques to and from Italy.

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Modern painters
American women painters
Painters from New York (state)
20th-century American painters
21st-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women artists
Maryland Institute College of Art alumni

Angie Elizabeth Brooksby


Rodney Panton, also known as Rodney P (born in Balham, London, 12 December 1969) is an English MC, as well as a radio and television personality who first gained attention via the UK hip hop scene in the 1980s. A former member of UK hip-hop group London Posse, Rodney P is known for rapping in his London accent.

Career

Music
In 1986, London Posse were invited by Mick Jones of the Clash to support his new band Big Audio Dynamite on a UK tour. A recording contract with Big Life Records followed, and the recording of the songs "Live Like the Other Half" and "Money Mad", which appeared on the group's only album, Gangsta Chronicle. Gangsta Chronicle was voted the most important UK hip-hop album of all time in the 2007 poll of music magazine Hip Hop Connection.

After London Posse came to an end, Rodney P launched his own label, Riddim Killa, a collaboration with Low Life Records, on which he released a series of singles including "Big Tings" and the "Riddim Killa". In 2003, he released the solo album The Future and in 2007 he released Klashnekoff's debut album.

Rodney P signed to Tru Thoughts Records in 2011. A collaborative album with Zed Bias and Falacy was released in 2012 under the name Sleepin Giantz.

Rodney P has also collaborated with Skinnyman, Blak Twang, Dub Pistols, Roots Manuva and the Nextmen, and featured on recordings by Omar, Terri Walker, the Brand New Heavies, MJ Cole, Roni Size, the Stanton Warriors, Timo Maas and L'Entourloop.

Radio
Shortly after setting up Riddim Killa Records in 2002, Rodney P and DJ Skitz were invited by the BBC to host "The Original Fever", a groundbreaking urban music show on the then newly formed digital station BBC Radio 1Xtra. He was introduced to DJ Skitz by mutual friend Destiny and appears on Skitz's albums Countryman and Homegrown Volume 1. Their show "The Original Fever" ran for over 6 years and saw Rodney & Skitz interviewing some of the biggest names in music including Pharrell Williams, P Diddy, 50 Cent and Kanye West. This development in his career and a love of the medium led to even more involvement in radio documentaries. He has since gone on to present topical documentaries including the Sony Award-nominated F.E.D.S, Concrete Heat and the Lamacq Live documentary, The Beautiful Struggle, which saw him returning to war-torn Sierra Leone, after first visiting in 1993 as part of London Posse, to report on the burgeoning indigenous hip hop culture.

TV and film
Rodney P has often been asked to contribute to televised discussions, sharing his knowledge and opinion on many topics; this has led to numerous appearances on television shows like Trevor Nelson's The Low Down, Don Letts' 2007 3-part soul music anthology Soul Britannia and The Mercury Prize Award Ceremony. He has also appeared in many TV documentaries including How Hip Hop Changed the World hosted by Idris Elba and Life of Rhyme hosted by Akala. Rodney received exposure on Channel 4's Dub Plate Drama featuring alongside UK artists such as Shystie, Ms Dynamite and N Dubs and Big Nasty in the world's first viewer-led interactive television drama.
In 2016, Rodney P presented The Hip Hop World News, a 90-minute authored film by Acme Films for BBC Four in which Rodney set out to show what the world looks like through the lens of hip hop interviewing hip hop artists like Russell Simmons, Rakim and Chuck D of Public Enemy.

In 2017, he presented The Last Pirates – Britain's Rebel DJs also for BBC Four which celebrated the pirate radio boom in London during the 1980s.

In 2020, Rodney P presented Rodney P's Jazz Funk on BBC Four, a one-hour exploration of the jazz-funk movement, one of the first black British music cultures.

Live
Rodney P has toured with the Dub Pistols and DJ Skitz. Rodney has also performed at festivals across the UK including Bestival, The Secret Garden and Glastonbury. He has also hosted the MF Prince's Trust Concert with Jay-Z and Alicia Keys and the United Nations-sponsored UNHabitat Charity Concert alongside Jazzy Jeff, Dead Prez and Mos Def.

Personal life
In November 2020, Rodney P admitted that he had assaulted an ex-girlfriend and it was also revealed that he served 15 weeks in prison after attacking another woman in 2012.

Discography

Albums
The Future (2xLP, TP) (2002)
The Future (CD) (2004)

Singles and EPs
"Tings in Time" (12") 1997
"Big Tings We Inna" (12") 2001
"Murderer Style / Friction" 2001
"Riddim Killa / A Love Song" (12") 2002
"I Don't Care" (12") 2004
"Trouble" (12", single) 2004
"Trouble (MJ Cole Remix)" (12") 2004
"Trouble (Roni Size Remix)" (12") 2004
"The Nice Up" (12") 2005
"Devon Cream" (12", mp3) 2007
"I'll Try" (12") 2009
"Live Up" (mp3) (feat. Peoples Army and Mighty Moe) 2011
"Success" (7") 2013
"Holes in the Building" (DJ Die, Indigo Kid) 2016
"The Next Chapter / Recognise Me (I'm an African)" 2019
"Nice and Easy" (Bassnectar) 2020

Collaborations/guest appearances
Dobie - Dobie E.P. inc. "Luv 'N' Hate (Can Never Be Friends)" w/ Rodney P, 12", 1995
Bjork - Telegram inc. "I Miss You" (Dobie remix featuring Rodney P), 1996
Revolutionary / Dedication 12" 1999 (Skitz & Rodney P)
Skitz featuring Rodney P - The Killing (12", Single) 2001
"We Stay Rough" on Mark B and Blade - The Unknown 2001
Skitz - Countryman 2001 (3 tracks)
Plus One - Champion Sounds 2002
Nextmen - Get Over It 2003 (2 tracks)
Nextmen - "Firewalking" (12"/12" remixes) 2003
Freq Nasty - Come Let Me Know (12", Promo) 2003
United State - All My Love (Goes Your Way) (12") 2004
United State - All My Love (Goes Your Way) (Drum 'n' bass remixes) (CDr, Promo, Single) 2004
"Big Black Boots" on Skitz - Homegrown, Vol. 1 2004
Benjamin Zephaniah and Rodney P - Naked & Mixed Up (12", CD)  2006
Dub Pistols (featuring Rodney P) - Peaches (7"/12"/CDr) 2007
Dub Pistols - Speakers and Tweeters 2007 (3 tracks)
Dub Pistols - Rum & Coke 2009 (4 tracks)
Flore (featuring Rodney P & Shunda K) - We Rewind / The Test 2009
Flore - Raw 2010 (2 tracks)
Dub Pistols - Worshipping the Dollar 2012 (3 tracks)
Sleepin' Giantz - Sleepin' Giantz, LP, 2012
Team Dynamite - featuring Bailey Wiley & Rodney P - Its Not All About You, 2016
L'Entourloop - Forgotten Skank featuring Rodney P, Le Savoir Faire, 2017
The Herbaliser - Like Shaft (featuring Rodney P & 28luchi), Bring Out The Sound, BBE, 2018
The Herbaliser - Some Things (featuring Rodney P & Tiece), Bring Out The Sound, BBE, 2018
Ocean Wisdom - 'Righteous' (with Rodney P and Roots Manuva), Wizville, 2018
Kingdem (Rodney P, Blak Twang, Ty) - The Kingdem, EP, 2019
Bassnectar - Nice & Easy (featuring Rodney P), All Colors, 2020

References

External links
Rodney P on Blogspot
Discogs' Rodney P page
UKHH
DubPlate Drama

English radio DJs
People from Balham
English male rappers
Rappers from London
Living people
BBC Radio 1Xtra presenters
1969 births
English people convicted of assault

Rodney P


Irina Vadimovna Voronina (; born December 19, 1977) is a Russian stand-up comedian, actress, and model. As a model, she was also the Playboy Playmate for January 2001. Irina has been a strong voice against Russia's war against Ukraine, and participated in "Angels of Ukraine" in Hollywood, CA in August, 2023.

Biography
Voronina was born in Dzerzhinsk, Gorky Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. She first started working as a model at age 14, appearing in a show in Sevastopol. She was chosen as Playboy's Playmate of the Month in January 2001, and appeared in numerous Playboy videos. She has also modeled for another adult magazine, Perfect 10. She appeared in the 2005 Playmates at Play at the Playboy Mansion swimsuit calendar as calendar girl of May. The calendar was the inaugural Playmates at Play calendar and it was shot on the grounds of Playboy Mansion in 2004. It was Playboy's first attempt at creating a non-nude swimsuit calendar featuring Playmates similar in style with those from Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.

She was the 2008 St. Pauli Girl Beer spokesmodel, a position held in previous years by other Playboy Playmates.

She has appeared in the films Reno 911!: Miami and Epic Movie. She was also a series regular on Adult Swim's first ever live action show Saul of the Mole Men (Cartoon Network), playing the role of Fallopia. Her feature film credits include 2007's Balls of Fury, 2012's Piranha 3DD as Kiki, and 2015's Lazer Team. In 2010, she appeared in an episode of iCarly entitled "iSell Penny Tees". Voronina had a supporting role in HDNet's TV series Svetlana. In 2018, she appeared in an episode of 13 Reasons Why.

As of 2015, Voronina has performed as a stand-up comedian throughout Los Angeles and surrounding areas. In 2018, Voronina was chosen to perform at the Comedy Festivals of San Diego, Joshua Tree, Palm Springs, Burbank and Orange County, as well as Los Angeles' LaughRiot Grrrl. In August, 2019, her television stand-up debut aired on the second season of Amazon Prime Video's Laugh After Dark.

In 2021, she made it to the top 8 of the Comedy Therapy Comedy Invitational, where she was beat by fellow comedian AC Cacace, who went on to place second.

References

External links

  Irina Voronina on Myspace

1977 births
Living people
Russian female models
Russian models
American female models
Russian emigrants to the United States
People from Dzerzhinsk, Russia
2000s Playboy Playmates
Russian actresses
American actresses
Glamour models
Russian women comedians
21st-century American women

Irina Voronina


Cooum River is the shortest river draining into the Bay of Bengal. This river is about 72 km in length, flowing 32 km in the Urban part and the rest in rural part. The river is highly polluted in the urban area (Chennai). Along with the Adyar River running parallel to the south, the river trifurcates the city and separates Northern Chennai from Central Chennai.

Its source is in a place by the same name 'Cooum' or 'Koovam' in Tiruvallur district adjoining Chennai district. Owing to intensive use of surface water upstream for agriculture, indiscriminate pumping of groundwater leading to reduced base flow in the river, formation of sand bar at the mouth of the river, discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents and encroachment along the banks, the river, especially the downstream, has been highly polluted.

References

Rivers of Tamil Nadu
Chennai district

Cooum River


This is a list of Canadian ministries, the collective body of ministers of the Crown that advises the Canadian monarch—presently King Charles III—on how to exercise their Crown prerogatives. Since Canadian Confederation, July 1, 1867, there have been 29 ministries.

In Canada, a ministry is formed when a new prime minister is appointed and dissolved when that individual leaves office. The one exception occurred in 1917, when incumbent Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden formed a new national unity government (the 10th Canadian Ministry) as a wartime coalition composed primarily of members of his own Conservative Party with some individual Liberal Party members of parliament.

In contrast to various other Commonwealth realms (such as Australia and the United Kingdom) where a "new" ministry is considered to have been formed after every general election regardless of the winner, elections in Canada do not cause dissolution of the ministry unless they result in the government's defeat. As such, the current 29th Ministry, chaired by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, began governing shortly before the opening of the 42nd Parliament in 2015.

With a duration of 15 years, 87 days, the 8th Ministry, under the leadership of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, was the lengthiest; the 68-day-long 7th Ministry, under the leadership of Sir Charles Tupper, was the briefest. William Lyon Mackenzie King led three ministries—the 12th, 14th, and 16th—the most for any Canadian prime minister.

Ministries

See also
 List of Canadian federal parliaments
 List of prime ministers of Canada

References

External links
Parliament of Canada - Ministries

Ministries
Canada

List of Canadian ministries


Joseph C. Harsch (May 25, 1905 – June 3, 1998) was an American newspaper, radio, and television journalist. He spent more than sixty years writing for the Christian Science Monitor and at the time of his departure from his stationing in London he was named as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE Hon).

Early life
Joseph Close Harsch was born in Toledo, Ohio, the son of Paul Harsch, a real estate salesman, and his wife Leila Close. When Paul Harsch became a Christian Scientist, he raised his sons in the faith, which would lead to a career-long affiliation for Harsch as a reporter. Joseph Harsch studied history at Williams College in Massachusetts, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1927 after writing a thesis on the Hundred Years' War. Later, he traveled to Corpus Christi, Cambridge where he received a bachelor's degree from Cambridge University in 1929. Later that same year, Harsch went to work as a reporter for the Christian Science Monitor in Washington, D.C.

Early reporting
At the outset of the Great Depression, Harsch was a newly hired young reporter at the Monitor in Washington D.C. covering Herbert Hoover as the magnitude of the economic crisis began to unfold, and was still there when Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal with measures to counteract it. In 1939, Harsch was in London when Neville Chamberlain declared war on Germany. It was the beginning of a number of first-hand accounts of events that shaped history.

Historic event coverage
Shortly after England's declaration of war, Harsch traveled to Berlin, where his reporting made him the first to cover World War II from both sides. On his way to the Soviet Union during a stopover in Hawaii, Harsch and his wife were asleep when the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began. He often repeated the story of how he awakened his wife in their hotel room, saying "Listen to this, dear. You have often asked me what an air raid sound like. This is a good imitation."

Incredibly, Harsch found himself in Australia following General Douglas MacArthur's failed defense of the Philippines, and was present to record MacArthur's prophetic pledge, "I shall return."

He met General Dwight D. Eisenhower in France. During the capture of Albert Speer in Glücksburg Castle (Speer was Adolf Hitler's Minister of Armaments and War Production) Harsch translated for a British officer leading the arrest and he reported of the capture of Karl Dönitz in a hospital of Mürwik (Muerwik), who was the head of the Flensburg Government. Harsch also reported from the Nazi concentration camps in 1945 when the Allied forces made their advance, and in the early years of the so-called Cold War, Harsch correctly predicted that the Iron Curtain would eventually fall along with the Soviet bloc. His own newspaper reported in his obituary that "He seemed to be everywhere, or at least everywhere something important was happening."

Broadcasting
Harsch made his first broadcasts during the time he was in Berlin as bureau chief for the Christian Science Monitor, filling in sporadically for William L. Shirer who was the noted Berlin correspondent for CBS. After Harsch returned to the United States, he joined CBS in 1943. For the next six years Harsch broadcast his news analysis on WTOP, Washington D.C. in addition to writing a column for the Monitor.

Because of his background in London, Harsch was hired by the BBC when influential broadcaster Raymond Gram Swing gave up his post with the weekly radio program American Commentary. Harsch alternated his coverage from Washington with Clifton Utley, who reported from Chicago.

In 1953, Harsch shifted his allegiance to NBC, serving as a news analyst for four years before returning to London as the senior European correspondent for the network. He became so well known in London circles that he was invited to dine with the Queen, was a popular member of the Garrick Club and many other social fixtures. When he left England, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

ABC became his broadcast home in 1967, when he was a commentator for the network until 1971, assigned to the American Entertainment Network effective 1/1/68.

During the course of his broadcasting career, he continued to write his newspaper column, and his efforts for the Monitor that helped establish its reputation in foreign affairs coverage were celebrated in 1989 on the 60th anniversary of his column.

Personal life
Joseph C. Harsch married Anne Elizabeth Wood, the daughter of retired United States Navy Rear Admiral Spencer S. Wood, and maintained a home in Jamestown, Rhode Island. The couple had three sons and remained married for 65 years, before Anne's death in 1997.

On the evening before Harsch's 93rd birthday and a month before his death, he married Edna Raemer, his editorial assistant of 25 years. She had moved to Jamestown to help in the editing on a history project being written by Harsch.

Works
Harsch authored several books related to the European conflict, including Pattern of Conquest (1941), an analysis of the Nazi threat before the U.S. entry into the war, and The Curtain isn't Iron (1950), about the Soviet bloc and the Cold War. His memoir, At the Hinge of History: a Reporter's Story (1993) won praise for him late in his life.

Accolades

In 1951 Harsch received the Alfred I. duPont Award. The $1,000 award for his work with the Liberty Broadcasting System cited Harsch's "consistently excellent and accurate gathering and reporting of news by radio".

References

1905 births
1998 deaths
Writers from Toledo, Ohio
American male journalists
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Journalists from Ohio
20th-century American male writers
The Christian Science Monitor people
Williams College alumni
20th-century American journalists

Joseph C. Harsch


The Mid Wynd International Investment Trust () is a publicly-traded investment trust listed on the London Stock Exchange. Since 1 October 2023, The trust has been managed by Lazard Asset Management.

History
The company can trace its origins back to 1797. David Scott, a weaver from Hawkhill near Dundee, bought a property on Mid Wynd in Dundee (Wynd meaning a narrow street) in order to establish a flax warping mill and hand weaving shed. For the next 150 years, the firm evolved, aided by colonialism, world-wide expansion and two world wars.

In 1949, following unwelcome recommendations from a Government-sponsored Jute Working Party Report, the company reorganised itself. The Mid Wynd Holding Co. Ltd. was established as the group parent company of a number of subsidiaries, including James Scott & Sons Ltd., the producing company, and Dura (Investments) Co. Ltd. which was to hold the financial reserves.

Merger
Following a merger in 1965 of James Scott & Sons Ltd., Thomas Boag & Co. Ltd., and Robertson Industrial Textiles Ltd., Mid Wynd was left with Dura (Investments) Co. Ltd. and various subsidiaries. Over the next fifteen years, the company disposed of all its remaining assets with the exception of Dura (Investments).

Hampered by capital gains tax and a restricted market for its shares, in 1981 the company decided to seek a public quotation and to transform itself into an investment trust. Holdings of Dura (Investments) were to be transferred to Mid Wynd. The new trust would invest principally in smaller and less well-known growth companies traded in overseas stock-markets. To reflect this, the name of the company was changed to Mid Wynd International Investment Trust PLC. On 25 September 1981, shareholders approved the changes at a general meeting. In October of the same year, shares of the new company were introduced to the London Stock Exchange.

In 1998, the company amended its investment policy by removing its small-cap bias. In 2012 Mid Wynd's objective is to achieve capital and income growth by investing on a worldwide basis.

References

External links
Alternative Investment

Investment trusts of the United Kingdom
Financial services companies established in 1981
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Investment management companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Edinburgh
1981 establishments in Scotland

Mid Wynd International Investment Trust


Karaikal Port Private Limited is a private port in Karaikal, Puducherry, India. It was made by the Chennai-based company MARG limited. The project began in 2005. It was first used in April 2009.

So far, the port has handled cargoes such as coal, petroleum coke, raw sugar, fertilizer, cement, project cargo and construction materials. Containers and liquid cargo are soon to follow. When it is finished, the port will be able to handle all types of cargo. Karaikal Port is also a hub for oil exploration activities. Companies such as Hindustan Oil Exploration Company (HOEC) and Reliance Petroleum regularly call at the port.

Karaikal Port is a deep draft, all weather port. The current depth of  allows for handling of Gearless Panamax size ships (up to 80000 MT).

Ports and harbours
Puducherry
Karaikal District

Karaikal Port


Pulpo a la campechana is a traditional dish in Mexican cuisine. It consists of chopped octopus that is slowly boiled in water with its ink, vinegar, onion, garlic. The cooked octopus is mixed with a preparation of tomatoes, onion, garlic, coriander leaves, chile ancho and wine. It is served with white rice.

References
Del Castillo, María. (1966). Cocina Mexicana. Ed. Olympus.

Mexican cuisine
Octopus dishes

Pulpo a la campechana


UN General Assembly Resolution 177, 21 November 1947 - Formulation of the principles recognised in the London Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the judgement of the tribunal.

Under Resolution 177 (II), paragraph (a), the International Law Commission was directed to "formulate the principles of international law recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the judgment of the Tribunal." From this resolution the Nuremberg Principles were created.

Nuremberg Principles
177
International criminal law
1947 in the United Nations
November 1947 events

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 177


Lyman Trumbull House is a house significant for its association with former U.S. Senator from Illinois Lyman Trumbull.  The house is located in the historic Middletown neighborhood in Alton, Illinois.  Senator Trumbull was best known for being a co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The house was built around 1849, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975.  Senator Trumbull lived in this house from 1849 to 1863, according to the documentation provided in the National Historic Landmark application.

The house is a -story red brick, gable-roofed residence with limestone foundation.  It was originally rectangular-shaped, but late in the 19th century an addition was built on the rear of the house, transforming it into an "L" shaped residence.  There are three gabled dormers protruding from the front roof, one on the rear of the original house, and one on the northern elevation of the roof on the addition.

Adorning the front of the house is a centrally-located one-bay entrance porch supported by two fluted pilasters, all made of wood.  Turned balusters flank the porch and the several wooden steps that lead to a brick walkway surrounding the dwelling.  An entrance to the basement is located underneath the porch.  The chief front entrance to the Trumbull House is a single door with side lights and semi-elliptical fanlight.  On the south side of the house is a second basement entrance, and it is sheltered by a pedimented portico supported by two Doric columns.

References

External links

National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
Alton, Illinois
Houses completed in 1849
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Illinois
1849 establishments in Illinois
Houses in Madison County, Illinois

Lyman Trumbull House


Mara is a 2018 American supernatural horror film directed by Clive Tonge in his feature-length debut and written by Jonathan Frank. The film stars Olga Kurylenko as criminal psychologist Kate Fuller, who investigates the murder of a man and is haunted by the eponymous demon (Javier Botet) who kills people in their sleep. The film also stars Craig Conway. Tonge and Frank based the film's story on conditions and mythology surrounding both sleep paralysis and Brugada syndrome. The film was released by Saban Films on September 7, 2018. It received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb.

Plot
The film opens when Sophie Wynsfield is awakened by her mother Helena, screaming, supposedly after murdering her husband. Kate Fuller (Olga Kurylenko), a criminal psychologist, is called by Detective McCarthy to diagnose Helena and deduce whether to commit her to a mental institute. Upon interviewing both Helena and Sophie, both insist that Mr. Wynsfield was killed by the sleep demon, Mara. Kate signs to have Helena committed.

Kate experiences sleep paralysis and sees a figure walking in her apartment. The next day, she goes to speak to a man named Takahashi. However, she instead finds his decayed corpse, killed in the same manner as Mr. Wynsfield. McCarthy disbelieves the Mara legend. Kate visits Helena in the mental institution, who explains how she and her husband knew a man named Dougie from a Sleep Paralysis support group, and begs Kate to let her see her daughter again, insisting she will die at the hands of Mara; as proof, she shows Kate a red mark in her left eye, explaining that Mara marks her victims.

Kate decides to attend the Sleep Paralysis support group run by Dr. Ellis, where she encounters Dougie, who insists that Mara is real and will kill Saul. He removes Saul's sunglasses, revealing his eyes to be completely red. Later that night, Saul commits suicide by immolating himself; around the same time, Kate awakens in sleep paralysis and again sees a figure. McCarthy brings in Dougie, believing he is Saul's killer. With no evidence, they release him.

Kate goes to have Helena released from the institution, only to find her dead, her eyes completely red. Later, she again awakens in sleep paralysis, where she is confronted by Mara. Once she regains mobility, she finds a red mark in her left eye. The next day, she watches the video footage of Helena's death; a dark figure is shown on top of Helena, strangling her. Kate visits Dougie, whose left eye has turned completely red. He explains Mara's history and her recorded deaths, and that her cycle begins following a tragedy. She appears in stages: 1. You're paralyzed, and you see her; 2. She marks you; 3. Physical contact; 4. You see her when you're awake, and if you fall asleep, you'll die. Mara only appears when someone is in a deep sleep; thus, Dougie only sleeps in brief intervals, keeping alarms and blaring music on in his house.

Kate goes to talk with Dr. Ellis, who disbelieves in Mara, explaining that sleep paralysis demons can appear based on a person's culture. Later that night, Dougie's generator dies, stopping his alarm clocks; at the same time, Kate enters the third stage and Mara places her hands around Kate's neck.

The following day, Kate gets a call from Dougie; he is on stage four. Afraid to fall asleep, he attempts to cut off his eyelids before Kate intervenes and takes him to Dr. Ellis. They keep him in a special room to be monitored and give him an anesthetic to make him sleep. He reveals that he accidentally killed innocent people while in the war. That night, Mara kills Dougie. She also turns Kate's left eye completely red before Dr. Ellis pulls her from the paralysis.

After the police arrive, McCarthy and Kate get word that Sophie is also suffering from Mara, already in the fourth stage. Determined to stop Mara, Kate returns to Dougie's shack and makes a graph of all the victims, attempting to put together the link between them. After finding Dougie's war memorabilia, she begins to put the pieces together: Dougie's killing innocents in the war, Saul's causing his mother's death, Mr. Wynsfeld's affair, Helena blaming herself for their divorce, and Kate blaming herself for Helena's death. McCarthy reveals that Takahashi was a chef at a primary school, and caused 38 kids to die by ingesting contaminated fish. Sophie blames herself for Helena's incarceration. Kate realizes the link: Mara targets people overcome with guilt over things they've done.

Kate attempts to reach the hospital to save Sophie. After falling asleep, she enters the fourth stage (both eyes completely red) and begins to see Mara while awake. At the hospital, she finds Sophie in sleep paralysis and attempts to wake her while trying to keep Mara from killing her. Mara suddenly disappears and Kate wakes up in morning light, consoled by McCarthy that Sophie has been declared medically fit. Kate walks over to Sophie who turns around with black eyes, speaking her mother's voice blaming Kate for her death with a vision of her angry mother on a bed, with McCarthy and grandfather pointing at a double Kate still asleep in her chair. She awakens, still in the ward at night, struggling with paralysis with her chair reclining at its will and Mara appears at the end of the room, starts levitating and then lunges at Kate, cutting to black.

Cast
Olga Kurylenko as Kate Fuller, a criminal psychologist
Craig Conway as Dougie
Javier Botet as Mara
Lance E. Nichols as McCarthy
Mackenzie Imsand as Sophie

Jacob Grodnik as Josh
Ted Johnson as Grandpa
Mitch Eakins as Ellis
Melissa Bolona as Carly
Marcus W. Weathersby as Saul
Dandy Barrett as Dr. Botet

Production
The film was announced to be in development in November 2013 at the American Film Market with Olga Kurylenko attached to star, Clive Tonge set to make his directorial debut, and Jonathan Frank hired to write the screenplay, based on an original story created by Tonge and Frank. Producers Myles Nestel and Steven Schneider stated their intention to have the film begin an "Insidious-type film franchise". The film was set to begin principal photography in May 2014. Filming wrapped in May 2016 in Savannah, Georgia, and the filmmakers were searching for a distributor at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival that month.

Release
Mara was released on September 7, 2018, with a limited theatrical run and video on demand release planned.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has  approval rating based on  reviews, with an average rating of .

Dennis Harvey of Variety called a film "[a] shrill and uninspired horror opus", while Noel Murray called it "a poky thriller that - eventually - delivers some decent scares". Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter said that the film is "sleep-inducing", with Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian giving Mara 2 out of 5, calling it "by-the-numbers stuff" in his closing comments.

References

External links

2018 horror films
2018 films
2010s ghost films
2018 horror thriller films
2010s supernatural films
2010s monster movies
American ghost films
American supernatural horror films
Demons in film
Films set in the United States
Films shot in Georgia (U.S. state)
Saban Films films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films

Mara (film)


Escola de Belas Artes (School of Fine Arts) is one of the centers of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and dates back to colonial times.

A royal letter of Nov 20 1800 by John VI of Portugal established the Aula Prática de Desenho e Figura in Rio de Janeiro. It was the first institution in Brazil systematically dedicated to teaching the arts. During colonial times, the arts were mainly of religious or utilitarian nature and were learnt in a system of apprenticeship.

The Decree of Aug 12, 1816 created the Escola Real de Ciências, Artes e Ofícios (Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts), which established an official education in the fine arts. Then it was renamed as the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes (Imperial Academy of Fine Arts), instituting a system of artistic education that would greatly influence the development of Brazilian art.

On Nov 8 1890, the old Imperial Academy was transformed into the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes (National School of Fine Arts). In 1931, the School joined the University of Rio de Janeiro, the current Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

Notable students
Artur Barrio (1945- ), conceptual artist
Affonso Eduardo Reidy (1909-1964), architect
Arthur Timótheo da Costa (1882– 1922), Afro-Brazilian painter
Lúcio Costa (1902-1998), Brazilian architect and urban planner
Rubens Gerchman (1942-2008), painter and sculptor
Oswaldo Goeldi (1895-1961),  artist and engraver
Anna Maria Maiolino (1942- ), Italian plastic artist
Burle Marx (1909-1994), landscape architect
Victor Meirelles (1832-1903), painter
Ismael Nery (1900-1934), poet and painter
Oscar Niemeyer (1907-2012), architect
Lygia Pape (1927-2004), sculpture, engraving, and filmmaking
Candido Portinari (1903-1962), painter
Franz Weissmann (1911-2005), Austrian sculptor

External links
Escola de Belas Artes (School of Fine Arts of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro)

Rio de Janeiro
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
1816 establishments in Brazil
Arts organizations established in the 1810s

Escola Nacional de Belas Artes


Nezahualcoyotl ( , ) (April 28, 1402 – June 4, 1472) was a scholar, philosopher (tlamatini), warrior, architect, poet and ruler (tlatoani) of the city-state of Texcoco in pre-Columbian era Mexico. Unlike other high-profile Mexican figures from the century preceding Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Nezahualcoyotl was not fully Mexica; his father's people were the Acolhua, another Nahuan people settled in the eastern part of the Valley of Mexico, on the coast of Lake Texcoco. His mother, however, was the sister of Chimalpopoca, the Mexica king of Tenochtitlan.

He is best remembered for his poetry; for his Hamlet-like biography as a dethroned prince with a victorious return, leading to the fall of Azcapotzalco and the rise of the Aztec Triple Alliance; and for leading important infrastructure projects, both in Texcoco and Tenochtitlan. According to accounts by his descendants and biographers, Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl and Juan Bautista Pomar, he had an experience of an "Unknown, Unknowable Lord of Everywhere" to whom he built an entirely empty temple in which no blood sacrifices of any kind were allowed — not even those of animals. However, he allowed human sacrifices to continue in other temples.

Name
The Nahuatl name Nezahualcoyotl is commonly translated as "hungry coyote" or "fasting coyote." However, more accurately, it means "coyote with a fasting collar," from nezahualli, a collar made out of bands of paper twisted together. It was worn by those fasting to show others that they shouldn't be offered food.

Early life

Born Acolmiztli, he was the son of Ixtlilxochitl I and Matlalcihuatzin, the daughter of Huitzilihuitl. Though born heir to a throne, his youth was not marked by princely luxury. His father had set Texcoco against the powerful city of Azcapotzalco, ruled by the Tepanec. In 1418, when the young prince was fifteen, his father was assassinated.

The Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco, led by Tezozomoc, conquered Texcoco, and Acolmiztli had to flee into exile in Huexotzinco. After various adventures, during which he took the name Nezahualcoyotl, the prince returned to stay in Tenochtitlan in 1422. His aunts bribed the Tepanec king and allowed for him to be partially educated as a Mexica. His exposure to Mexica culture and politics would influence how he later governed Texcoco. After Tezozomoc's son Maxtla became ruler of Azcapotzalco, Nezahualcoyotl returned to Texcoco, but had to go into exile a second time when he learned that Maxtla plotted against his life.

The reconquest of Texcoco

As the tlatoani Itzcoatl of Tenochtitlan requested help from the Huexotzincans against the Tepanecs, Nezahualcoyotl envisioned a single military force in order to fight the mighty kingdom of Azcapotzalco. After being offered support from insurgents inside Acolhuacan and rebel Tepanecs from Coyohuacan, Nezahualcoyotl joined the war. He called for a coalition consisting of many of the most important pre-Hispanic cities of the time: Tenochtitlan, Tlacopan, Tlatelolco, Huexotzingo, Tlaxcala and Chalco.

The war was declared a shared and single effort, and the coalition army of more than 100,000 men under the command of Nezahualcoyotl and other important tlatoque headed towards Azcapotzalco from the city of Calpulalpan. This began the military offensive that would reconquer Acolhuacan in 1428.

The campaign was divided into three parts. One army attacked Acolman to the north and the second Coatlinchan to the south. A contingent led by Nezahualcoyotl himself was intended to attack Acolhuacan, only after providing support, upon request, to the first two armies. The coalition conquered Acolman and Otumba, sacking them only due to the sudden Tepanec siege of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco.

In a tactical move, the three armies united again and then divided into two. One of them, under Nezahualcoyotl, headed towards Texcoco, laying siege to Acolhuacan on its way, while the other attacked and destroyed Azcapotzalco. At the time the armies met again, Nezahualcoyotl reclaimed Texcoco and decided to conquer Acolhuacan, entering from the north while the Tenochca and Tlacopan allies coming from Azcapotzalco attacked from the south. The two armies simultaneously attacked Acolhuacan from two directions until they controlled the city's main square.

After their victory, the coalition began a series of attacks on isolated Tepanec posts throughout the territory of Texcoco. The defeat of the Tepanecs and the total destruction of the kingdom of Azcapotzalco gave rise to the Aztec Triple Alliance between Texcoco, Tenochtitlan, and Tlacopan.  Nezahualcoyotl was eventually crowned Tlatoani of Texcoco in 1431.

A decade later, eager to produce a noble heir, Nezahualcoyotl married Azcalxochitzin after the death of her first husband, King Cuahcuauhtzin of Tepechpan.

Legal system

According to Motolinia, Nezahualcoyotl practiced his strict laws judiciously and imposed them on all his subjects. He purportedly killed four of his sons for their sexual relationships with his concubines. Cities conquered by the Aztec Empire paid tribute that was distributed among three kings. Fourteen cities in the region of Acolhuacan were under Nezahualcoyotl, including Otompan, Huexotla, Coatlichan, Chimalhuacan, Tepetlaoztoc, Chiauhtla, Tezoyucan, Teotihuacan, Acolman, Tepechpan, Chiconauhtlan, Xicotepec, Cuauhchinanco, and Tulantzino.

Nezahualcoyotl, himself half Mexica, adopted the Mexica religious and legal systems in Acolhuacan to help in the reconstruction of his city. Motolinia claims he enacted some eighty laws addressing issues such as treason, robbery, adultery, homicide, alcohol abuse, misuse of inheritances, and military misconduct. The Mapa Quinatzin depicts the hanging of a robber for stealing or breaking into a house.

Achievements

Revered as a sage and poet-king, Nezahualcoyotl gathered a group of followers called the tlamatini, generally translated as "wise men." These men were scholars, artists, musicians and sculptors who pursued their art in the court of Texcoco.

Nezahualcoyotl is credited with cultivating what came to be known as Texcoco's Golden Age, which brought the rule of law, scholarship and artistry to the city and set high standards that influenced surrounding cultures. Nezahualcoyotl designed a code of law based on the division of power, which created the councils of finance, war, justice and culture (the last actually called the "Council of Music"). Under his rule, Texcoco flourished as the intellectual center of the Triple Alliance and was home to an extensive library that, tragically, did not survive the Spanish conquest. He also established an academy of music and welcomed worthy entrants from all regions of Mesoamerica.

Texcoco has been called, "the Athens of the Western World," to quote the historian Lorenzo Boturini Bernaducci. Indeed, the remains of hilltop gardens, sculptures and a massive aqueduct system show the impressive engineering skills and aesthetic appreciation of his reign.

Many believe, however, that of all the creative intellects nurtured by this Texcocan "Athens," by far the greatest belonged to the king himself. He is considered one of the great designers and architects of the pre-Hispanic era. He is said to have personally designed the "albarrada de Nezahualcoyotl" ("dike of Nezahualcoyotl") to separate the fresh and brackish waters of Lake Texcoco, a system that was still in use over a century after his death.

Legacy
The date of Nezahualcoyotl's death is recorded as being June 4, 1472. He was survived by many concubines and an estimated 110 children. He was succeeded by his son Nezahualpilli as tlatoani of Texcoco.

His great-grandson Juan Bautista Pomar is credited with the compilation of a collection of Nahuatl poems, Romances de los señores de Nueva España, and with a chronicle of the history of the Aztecs. The freshwater fish Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl is named after Nezahualcoyotl. Nezahualcoyotl appears on the current 100 peso banknote of Mexico.

Poetry

One of Nezahualcoyotl's historical legacies is as a poet, with a number of works in Classical Nahuatl written in the 16th and 17th centuries ascribed to him. These attributions are testament to the long lifespan of oral tradition, since Nezahualcoyotl died almost 50 years before the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and the poems were written down another fifty years after that. Juan Bautista de Pomar was a grandson of Nezahualcoyotl and likely wrote them from memory of the oral tradition.
Poems attributed to Nezahualcoyotl include:
In chololiztli (The Flight)
Ma zan moquetzacan (Stand Up!)
Nitlacoya (I Am Sad)
Xopan cuicatl (Song of Springtime)
Ye nonocuiltonohua (I Am Wealthy)
Zan yehuan (He Alone)
Xon Ahuiyacan (Be Joyful)

See also
 Texcoco (altepetl)
 History of the Aztecs
 Aztec Empire
 Mexican literature
 Nahuatl
 Ixtlilxochitl I
 Nezahualpilli
 Cuacuauhtzin
 Aztec mythology

Notes

References
 León-Portilla, Miguel; Fifteen Poets of the Aztec World University of Oklahoma Press, October 2000.
 Prescott, William; The History of the Conquest of Mexico, Book 1, Chapter 6.
 Lee, Jongsoo; "A reinterpretation of Nahuatl poetics: Rejecting the image of Nezahualcoyotl as a peaceful poet" in Colonial Latin American Review, December 2003, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p 233-249.
 Curl, John; Ancient American PoetsThe Flower Songs of Nezahualcoyotl, Bilingual Press, 2005,

External links
 http://www.ku.edu/~hoopes/506/Lectures/Aztecs.html
 http://www.nndb.com/people/773/000095488/
 Flower Songs of Nezahualcoyotl  YouTube

 Poems of Nezahualcoyotl read in Nahuatl YouTube

1402 births
1472 deaths
Tlatoque of Texcoco
Nahuatl-language poets
People from Texcoco, State of Mexico
Mexican philosophers
Aztec philosophy

Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani)


Joseph Owen Brown (January 8, 1846 – March 15, 1903) served as Mayor of Pittsburgh from November 25, 1901 to March 15, 1903.

Biography
He was born on January 8, 1846, in what is today East Deer Township, Pennsylvania, just north of Pittsburgh. He served as prothonotary of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania from 1880 until 1887. His first political position in Pittsburgh was director of public safety, a job he obtained in 1887.

Mayor Joseph Brown's administration battled rampant vice within the city with differing degrees of success. The incompetence of the rank and file law enforcers in the city was displayed for everyone to see when the Biddle Brothers made a daring escape from the Pittsburgh jail. The Frick Building was constructed on Grant Street during the Joseph Brown term.

He died in office from heart failure on March 15, 1903. He was buried at Bull Creek Cemetery, not far away from his hometown, Tarentum, Pennsylvania.

See also
List of mayors of Pittsburgh

References

1848 births
1903 deaths
Mayors of Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania prothonotaries

Joseph O. Brown


The Jungle Book is a collection of stories written by Rudyard Kipling. It was published by Macmillan & Co. in 1894. The stories tell about life and legends of the Indian jungle. Parts of The Jungle Book have been adapted to television, movies, the theater, and other media.

Background
Kipling was born in India, and spent the first six years of his life there. After about ten years in England, he went back to India and worked there for about six-and-half years. All of the Jungle Book stories were published in magazines in 1893-4. The original publications contained illustrations, some by Rudyard's father, John Lockwood Kipling. These books were written when Kipling lived in Vermont.

The tales in the book (and also those in The Second Jungle Book which followed in 1895, and which includes five further stories about Mowgli) are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. Kipling put in them nearly everything he knew or "heard or dreamed about the Indian jungle." Other readers have interpreted the work as allegories of the politics and society of the time.

The best-known stories are the three about an abandoned 'man cub' Mowgli. They boy is raised by wolves in the Indian jungle. The most famous of the other stories are probably "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi", the story of a heroic mongoose, and "Toomai of the Elephants", the tale of a young elephant-handler. Kotick, The White Seal seeking for his people a haven where they would be safe from hunters, has been considered a metaphor for Zionism, then in its beginning.

As with much of Kipling's work, each of the stories is preceded by a piece of verse, and succeeded by another. The title of each is given in italics in the list of stories below.

The Jungle Book, because of its moral tone, came to be used as a motivational book by the Cub Scouts, a junior element of the Scouting movement. This use of the book's universe was approved by Kipling after a direct petition of Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting movement, who had originally asked for the author's permission for the use of the Memory Game from Kim in his scheme to develop the morale and fitness of working-class youths in cities. Akela, the head wolf in The Jungle Book, has become a senior figure in the movement, the name being traditionally adopted by the leader of each Cub Scout pack.

Chapters in The Jungle Book

The complete book, having passed into the public domain, is on-line at Project Gutenberg's official website and elsewhere.

 1. Mowgli's Brothers: A boy is raised by wolves in the Indian Jungle with the help of Baloo the bear and Bagheera the panther, and then has to fight the tiger Shere Khan. This story has also been published as a short book in its own right. Night-Song in the Jungle
 2. Hunting-Song of the Seeonee Pack
 3. Kaa's Hunting: This story takes place before Mowgli fights Shere Khan. When Mowgli is abducted by monkeys, Baloo and Bagheera set out to rescue him with the aid of Chil the Kite and Kaa the python. Maxims of Baloo.
 4. Road Song of the Bandar-Log
 5. Tiger! Tiger!: Mowgli returns to the human village and is adopted by Messua and her husband who believe him to be their long-lost son Nathoo. But he has trouble adjusting to human life, and Shere Khan still wants to kill him. The story's title is taken from the poem "The Tyger" by William Blake.
 6. Mowgli's Song
 7. The White Seal: Kotick, a rare white-furred seal, searches for a new home for his people, where they will not be hunted by humans.
 8. Lukannon
 9. Rikki-Tikki-Tavi: Rikki-Tikki the mongoose defends a human family living in India against a pair of cobras. This story has also been published as a short book.
 10. Darzee's Chant
 11. Toomai of the Elephants: Toomai, a ten-year old boy who helps to tend working elephants, is told that he will never be a full-fledged elephant-handler until he has seen the elephants dance. This story has also been published as a short book.
 12. Shiv and the Grasshopper
 13. Her Majesty's Servants (originally titled "Servants of the Queen"): On the night before a military parade a British soldier eavesdrops on a conversation between the camp animals.
 14. Parade-Song of the Camp Animals parodies several well-known songs and poems, including Bonnie Dundee.

Characters

 Mowgli (character) - Main character, the young jungle boy.
 Father Wolf - The Father Wolf who raised Mowgli as his own cub
 Raksha - The Mother wolf who raised Mowgli as her own cub
 Grey brother - One of Mother and Father Wolf's cubs
 Hathi - An Indian Elephant
 Bagheera - A melanistic (black) leopard
 Baloo- A Sloth Bear
 Kaa - Indian Python
 Shere Khan - A Bengal Tiger
 Akela - An Indian Wolf
 Tabaqui - A Golden Jackal
 Chil - A kite
 Mor - An Indian Peafowl
 Mang - A Bat
 Ikki - An Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine (mentioned only)
 The Bandar log - A tribe of monkeys
 Rikki-Tikki-Tavi - An Indian Mongoose
 Darzee - A tailorbird
 Chuchundra - A Muskrat
 Nag - A male King cobra
 Nagaina - A female King cobra. Nag's mate
 Karait a Common Krait
 Kotick - The White Seal
 Sea catch - A Northern fur seal and Kotick's father
 Sea vitch - A Walrus
 Sea cow - A Manatee

Adaptations
The book's text has often been abridged or adapted for younger readers, and there have also been several comic book adaptations.

Comics
 A comic book series Petit d'homme ("Man Cub") was published in Belgium between 1996 and 2003. Written by Crisse and drawn by Marc N'Guessan and Guy Michel, it resets the stories in a post-apocalyptic world in which Mowgli's friends are humans rather than animals: Baloo is an elderly doctor, Bagheera is a fierce African woman warrior and Kaa is a former army sniper.

Live-action movie
 "Toomai of the Elephants" was filmed as Elephant Boy (1937), starring Sabu Dastagir. In the 1970s there was a television series of the same name, loosely based on the story and movie.
 Jungle Book (1942 film) - directed by Zoltán Korda, starring Sabu Dastagir as Mowgli.
 The Jungle Book (1994 film) - starring Jason Scott Lee as Mowgli.
 The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli and Baloo (1997) - starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli.
 The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story (1998) - starring Brandon Baker as Mowgli.
 The Jungle Book (2016) - directed by Jon Favreau, starring Neel Sethi as Mowgli and Bill Murray as Baloo.

Animation
 Disney's 1967 animated movie version, inspired by the Mowgli stories, was extremely popular, though it took great liberties with the plot, characters and the pronunciation of the characters' names. These characterizations were further used in the 1990 animated series TaleSpin, which featured several anthropomorphic characters loosely based on those from the movie in an comic aviation-industry setting.
 Chuck Jones' made for-TV cartoons Mowgli's Brothers, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi and The White Seal stick to the original storylines more closely than most adaptations.
 There was a Japanese anime television series called Jungle Book Shonen Mowgli broadcast in 1989. Its adaptation represents a compromise between the original stories and the Walt Disney version. Many of Kipling's stories are adapted into the series, but many elements are combined and changed to suit more modern sensibilities. For instance, Akela, the wolf pack alpha eventually steps aside, but instead of being threatened with death, he stays on as the new leader's advisor. Also, there is an Indian family in the series which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi as a pet mongoose. Finally at the series' conclusion, Mowgli leaves the jungle for human civilization, but still keeps strong ties with his animal friends.
 The Japanese anime was dubbed in Hindi and telecast as "Jungle Book" by Doordarshan in India during the early 1990s. The Indian version featured original music by Vishal Bharadwaj (with words by noted lyricist Gulzar) and a very good choice of dubbing artistes for the voice acting (Nana Patekar doing the voice over for Sher Khan), which made it quite popular among television series of that time.
 The anime was also dubbed in Arabic under the title  (Fatah El Adghal: Boy Of The Jungle) and became a hit with Arab viewers in the 1990s.
 In 1973, another animated adaptation was released in the Soviet Union called "Mowgli" (), also known as the 'heroic' version of the story. It's also very close to the book's storyline, and one of the few adaptations which has Bagheera as a female panther. It also features stories from The Second Jungle Book, such as Red Dog and a simplified version of The King's Ankus. "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" has also been released in 1954 as a cartoon and in 1976 as a feature movie. The former made its way into the hearts of viewers and is even now sometimes aired by TV stations of the Former Soviet Union countries as a classic of Soviet animation. Interestingly, in keeping with Soviet ideology, the Colonial English family in Rikki-Tikki-Tavi has been replaced with an Indian family.

Stage
 Stuart Paterson wrote a stage adaptation in 2004, first produced by the Birmingham Old Rep in 2004 and published in 2007 by Nick Hern Books.
 A new Adaptation is being produced by The Hunger Artists Theatre Company in Fullerton, CA for September 2008. The adaptation is written by Leonard Joseph Dunham
 A dance adaptation by the Boom Kat Dance Company premiered on May 2, 2008 at Miles Playhouse in Santa Monica, California. It was choreographed by the company with artistic direction by Lili Fuller, Marissa Goodhill, Emily Iscoff-Daigian and Adam North.

Related pages
 Just So Stories
 The Jungle Book characters
 The Third Jungle Book
 Feral children in mythology and fiction
 Pench National Park, near Seoni (Seeonee) is said to be the forest where the Seeonee wolf pack lives.

References

Other websites

 The Jungle Book Collection : a website demonstrating the variety of merchandise related to the book and movie versions of The Jungle Book.

 Boom Kat Dance : a website describing the dance adaptation of The Jungle Book by Boom Kat Dance Company.

1890s books
Works by Rudyard Kipling
British short stories
Books with jungle settings
English children's books

The Jungle Book


Petter Løvik (11 July 1949 – 3 December 2007) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal in 1997 and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the terms 1989–1993 and 1993–1997.

Løvik was born in Volda and held various positions in Volda municipality council from 1979 to 1997. From 1987 to 1991 he was deputy member of Møre og Romsdal county council.

He died from cancer in December 2007 at the age of 58.

References

1949 births
2007 deaths
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Deaths from cancer in Norway
21st-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
People from Volda

Petter Løvik


The Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS) is the official system used to write Thai words into the Latin alphabet, or romanization. Thai has certain vowel and consonant sounds and other phonemic features that do not exist in English. This means that saying a syllable with a different tone or vowel length can make a completely different word. For these reasons, romanization in Thai presented many challenges. The RTGS only uses the 26 letters in the ISO standard Latin alphabet to spell Thai words. It is used on all documents that require words to be written in the Latin alphabet, including road signs, maps, applications, etc. However, it has many problems. The system does not show tones or vowel length, both of which are phonemic features of Thai. It also does not tell some of the consonant sounds apart.

References

Thai language
Romanization


Consuelo Ynares-Santiago (born October 5, 1939) is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. She was appointed  to the Court by President Joseph Estrada.

Profile
Appointed on April 6, 1999, Ynares-Santiago is the first female member of the Supreme Court who rose from the ranks, having begun her career as a municipal judge.

A product of the UP College of Law where she graduated in 1962, Ynares-Santiago started her career in the judiciary in 1973 when she was appointed Municipal Judge of Cainta, Rizal, a position she held for thirteen years. In November 1986, she was appointed Regional Trial Court Judge of Makati where she remained until her appointment to the Court of Appeals in 1990.

Private life
A native of Binangonan, Rizal, where she was born on October 5, 1939, Ynares-Santiago received from that city in 1994 the Pambayang Gawad Palosebo, the highest municipal award given to outstanding citizens of Binangonan who have excelled in their professions and are role models for the youth.

Family
Consuelo is the daughter of Casimiro Ynares Sr, and Consolacion Y. Martin (both deceased). She was married to Atty. Francisco B. Santiago (founder of law firm, "FB Santiago, Nalus and Associates") until his death in July 1996 from a heart attack. Her daughter, Atty. Pura Angelica Y. Santiago is the managing partner of the Santiago, Cruz, and Sarte Law Offices. Her other children are Dr. Jonas  Francisco, Regina Carmela and Jennylind Allison. Early in 2003, her son Dr. Jonas Santiago (of St. Luke's Hospital, Quezon City), supervised the removal of one of her kidneys at the Philippine Kidney Center.

Bribery allegations
A still unresolved controversy over alleged bribery of Ynares-Santiago began in September 2007 when Amado "Jake" Macasaet wrote a story in his column for Malaya newspaper. He wrote that P10 million was delivered to a female supreme court justice and mistakenly opened by one of her staff members named Cecilia. There were five female supreme court justices at the time, but the circumstances (notably that she was the only one with a staff member named Cecilia—Daisy Cecilia Muñoz Delis) quickly made it clear that Ynares-Santiago was the target of Macasaet's column.

Macasaet alleged that the bribes were related to decisions on two cases before the judiciary, and that Cecilia was fired for having mistakenly opened them. Ynares-Santiago denied all the charges, and was supported in that denial by Delis. Delis said she never opened a box containing money intended for Ynares-Santiago, and that she had simply retired from her position. Others, including Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago (no relation) have suggested that the charges are unfounded and intended to smear Ynares-Santiago and the entire judiciary in the interest of influencing other cases. Many others in and out of the judiciary have come to Ynares-Santiago's defense, calling her a "model of probity and integrity.

An investigation into the allegations was started in late 2007. But its efforts were complicated when two of the three members of the investigation (both retired justices) left the investigation in Nov 2007, citing personal issues. Macasaet was asked to reveal his sources by the investigation, and in August 2008 was convicted of contempt of court for refusing. He cited free speech and the right not to reveal a journalist's source.

Some notable opinions
 Gamboa v. Aguirre (1999) — on right of a provincial Vice-Governor to preside over local council meetings while concurrently Acting Governor.
 Garcia v. Corona (1999)  — on constitutionality of Oil Deregulation Law
 Estrada v. Desierto (2001) - Separate Opinion — on the validity of assumption to the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
 People v. Lacson (2003) - Dissenting Opinion — on reinstitution of criminal cases for murder against Senator Panfilo Lacson
 People v. Genosa (2004) - Dissenting Opinion — on "battered women syndrome" as a defense in trial for spousal parricide (joined by C.J. Davide, J. Sandoval-Gutierrez and Austria-Martinez).
 Tenebro v. CA (2004) — on whether the annulment of the second marriage affects criminal liability for bigamy
 People v. Mojello (2004) — on right of an accused to an independent counsel of his own choice
 Agabon v. CA (2004) — on notice requirement for dismissals of employees for "just causes"
 In re: Habeas Corpus for Reynaldo de Villa (2004) — on propriety of writ of habeas corpus as a means to collect DNA evidence from a detained prisoner
 Ledesma v. CA (2005) - on authority of Ombudsman to dismiss local government officials
 HENRY T. GO vs. 5th Div. Sandiganbayan - on RA 3019, Sec. 3(g) applies only to public officers.

References

External links
Justice Consuelo Ynares-Santiago (Official Supreme Court Webpage)
Passion for Justice
Database, Personal Information

1939 births
Living people
20th-century Filipino lawyers
20th-century women judges
21st-century Filipino lawyers
21st-century women judges
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
Filipino women judges
Justices of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines
People from Rizal
University of the Philippines alumni

Consuelo Ynares-Santiago


A playback singer is a singer whose singing is pre-recorded for use in movies. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks. The actors or actresses lip-sync the songs for cameras. The actual singer does not appear on screen.

South Asian movies produced in the Indian subcontinent are particularly known for using this technique. A majority of Indian movies as well as Pakistani movies typically include six or seven songs. Popular playback singers in India enjoy the same status as popular actors. Most of the playback singers are initially trained in classical music. Mohammed Rafi and Ahmed Rushdi are regarded as two of the most influential playback singers in South Asia.

References

Music industry
Singers

Playback singer


The Loire Campaign was a campaign launched by Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years' War. The Loire was cleared of all English and Burgundian troops.

Campaign

The English under John, Duke of Bedford ordered John, Lord Talbot to besiege Orléans with his subordinates, the Earl of Suffolk and the Earl of Salisbury. The English nearly succeeded. However, Joan of Arc led a series of counterattacks. Joan, aided by Gilles de Rais, Jean de Dunois, and Jean de Brosse attacked the English siege positions. The English could not stand these attacks. Lord Talbot had to retreat and break off the siege.

The Battle of Jargeau

Then, Joan and John II, Duke of Alençon marched to capture Jargeau from the Earl of Suffolk. The English had 700 troops to face 1,200 French troops. Then, a battle began with a French assault on the suburbs. English defenders left the city walls and the French fell back. Joan of Arc used her standard to begin a French rally. The English retreated to the city walls and the French lodged in the suburbs for the night.

The following morning Joan of Arc called upon the defenders to surrender. They refused. The French followed with heavy artillery bombardment using primitive cannons and siege engines. One of the town's towers fell. Suffolk entered surrender nominations with a minor French captain, La Hire. This breach of protocol antagonized the French command.

Joan of Arc initiated an assault on the town walls, surviving a stone projectile that split in two against her helmet as she climbed a scaling ladder. The English suffered heavy losses. Most estimates place the number at 300–400 of some 700 combatants. Suffolk became a prisoner. The French had some 1200 troops and their losses appear to have been light. Joan moved her army to Meung-sur-Loire. There, she decided to launch an assault.

The Battle of Meung-sur-Loire

Then, Joan began her attacks. English defenses at Meung-sur-Loire consisted of three components: the walled town, the fortification at the bridge, and a large walled castle just outside the town. The castle served as headquarters to the English command of John, Lord Talbot and Thomas, Lord Scales.

Joan of Arc and Duke John II of Alençon controlled a force that included captains Jean d'Orléans, Gilles de Rais, Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, and La Hire. Estimates of numerical strength vary with the Journal du Siège d'Orléans citing 6000 - 7000 for the French. A number that large probably counts noncombatants. The English force's numbers remain uncertain, but are lower than the French. They were led by Lord Talbot and Lord Scales. Bypassing the city and the castle, they staged a frontal assault on the bridge fortifications, conquered it in one day, and installed a garrison. This hampered English movement south of the Loire.

The Battle of Beaugency

Then, Joan continued her campaign. She launched an attack on Beaugency. Joan of Arc and Duke John II of Alençon controlled a force that included captains Jean d'Orléans, Gilles de Rais, Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, and La Hire. John Talbot led the English defense. Breaking with siege warfare custom, the French army followed the 15 June capture of the bridge at Meung-sur-Loire not with an attack on that town or its castle but with an assault on neighboring Beaugency the next day.

Unlike Meung-sur-Loire, the main stronghold at Beaugency was inside the city walls. It survives to the modern age and forms an imposing rectangular citadel. During the first day of fighting the English abandoned the town and retreated into the castle. The French bombarded the castle with artillery fire. That evening de Richemont and his force arrived.

Hearing news of an English relief force approaching from Paris under Sir John Fastolf, d'Alençon negotiated the English surrender and granted them safe conduct out of Beaugency. The Battle of Patay followed on open territory on 18 June.

The Battle of Patay

An English reinforcement army under Sir John Fastolf departed from Paris following the defeat at Orléans. The French had moved swiftly, capturing three bridges and accepting the English surrender at Beaugency the day before Fastolf's army arrived. The French, in the belief that they could not overcome a fully prepared English army in open battle, scoured the area in hopes of finding the English unprepared and vulnerable.

The English reconnoitered with remaining defenders at Meung-sur-Loire. The French had taken only the bridge at this location, not the neighboring castle or the town. Retreating defenders from Beaugency joined them. The English excelled at open battles; they took up a position whose exact location is unknown but traditionally believed to be near the tiny village of Patay. Fastolf, John Talbot and Sir Thomas de Scales commanded the English.

The standard defensive tactic of the English longbowmen was to drive pointed stakes into the ground near their positions. This prevented cavalry charges and slowed infantry long enough for the longbows to take a decisive toll on the enemy line. However, the English archers inadvertently disclosed their position to French scouts before their preparations were complete when a lone stag wandered onto a nearby field and the archers raised a hunting cry.

On hearing the news of the English position, about 1,500 men under captains La Hire and Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, composing the heavily armed and armoured cavalry vanguard of the French army, attacked the English. The battle swiftly turned into a rout, with every Englishman on a horse fleeing while the infantry, mostly composed of longbowmen, were cut down in droves. Longbowmen were never intended to fight armoured knights unsupported except from prepared positions where the knights could not charge them, and they were massacred. For once the French tactic of a large frontal cavalry assault had succeeded, with decisive results.

Captain Jean Dagneau captured the famous general John Talbot. After this feat of arms, Dagneau was ennobled in March 1438 by Charles VII, King of France, which is at the origin of the family name of Dagneau de Richecour.

Aftermath
Joan had won a great victory over the English at all of the battles. The campaign drove the English out of the Loire river, and routed Fastolf back to Paris where he had departed from. The French pushed on to victory, pointing the finger at Joan of Arc.

1429 in England
1420s in France
Battles of the Hundred Years' War
Joan of Arc
Conflicts in 1428
Conflicts in 1429
Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453
Military campaigns involving France
Gilles de Rais

Loire Campaign (1429)


The Lone Rider Ambushed is a 1941 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Oliver Drake. The film stars George Houston as the Lone Rider and Al St. John as his sidekick "Fuzzy" Jones, with Maxine Leslie, Frank Hagney, Jack Ingram and Hal Price. The film was released on August 29, 1941, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

This is the fifth movie in the "Lone Rider" series, which spans seventeen films—eleven starring George Houston, and a further six starring Robert Livingston. In this film, Houston plays a dual role as both the Lone Rider and the villain, Keno Harris.

Houston, once an opera singer, sang three songs in this film: "Without You Darling, Life Wouldn't Be the Same", "Ridin' Roamin' on the Prairie" and "If It Hadn't Been for You". The songs were written by Johnny Lange and Lew Porter.

This film was later released on DVD as Trapped in the Badlands.

Plot
Tom Cameron, the Lone Rider, pretends to be an outlaw named Keno—a task made easier due to the fact that Tom looks exactly like the outlaw. He pretends to be the outlaw in order to find Keno's accomplices, and recover a large sum of stolen money from Keno's last heist. Unfortunately for the Lone Rider, one of the outlaw's buddies, Blackie Dawson, begins to suspect Tom is not who he claims to be.

Cast
George Houston as Tom Cameron, the Lone Rider / Keno Harris
Al St. John as Fuzzy Q. Jones
Maxine Leslie as Linda
Frank Hagney as Blackie Dawson
Jack Ingram as Charlie Davis
Hal Price as Sheriff
Ted Adams as Deputy Slim Pettit
George Chesebro as Pete
Ralph Peters as Bartender Gus
Charles King as Ranch Hand

See also
The "Lone Rider" films starring George Houston:
 The Lone Rider Rides On (1941)
 The Lone Rider Crosses the Rio (1941)
 The Lone Rider in Ghost Town (1941)
 The Lone Rider in Frontier Fury (1941)
 The Lone Rider Ambushed (1941)
 The Lone Rider Fights Back (1941)
 The Lone Rider and the Bandit (1942)
 The Lone Rider in Cheyenne (1942)
 The Lone Rider in Texas Justice (1942)
 Border Roundup (1942)
 Outlaws of Boulder Pass (1942)
starring Robert Livingston:
 Overland Stagecoach (1942)
 Wild Horse Rustlers (1943)
 Death Rides the Plains (1943)
 Wolves of the Range (1943)
 Law of the Saddle (1943)
 Raiders of Red Gap (1943)

References

External links

1941 films
American Western (genre) films
1941 Western (genre) films
Producers Releasing Corporation films
Films directed by Sam Newfield
American black-and-white films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

The Lone Rider Ambushed


The Artist–Museum Partnership Act is a United States bill that was proposed to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow taxpayers who create literary, musical, artistic, or scholarly compositions or similar property a fair market value (determined at the time of contribution) tax deduction for contributions of such properties, the copyrights thereon, or both, to certain tax-exempt organizations, if such properties are properly appraised and are donated no sooner than 18 months after their creation. The bill would place limits on the amount of such deduction based upon the donor's artistic adjusted gross income, as defined by this Act.

The bill was first introduced to the United States Congress by Democratic Senator of Vermont, Patrick Leahy on February 14, 2005. At that time the bill was referred to the Committee on Finance. The measure has passed the Senate more than once in the past several years, but it still hasn't become law.

Current law

Under current law, artists who donate self-created works are only able to deduct the cost of supplies such as canvas, pen, paper and ink, which does not even come close to their true value. Prior to 1969, artists and collectors alike were able to take a deduction equivalent to the fair market value of a work, but Congress changed the law with respect to artists in the Tax Reform Act of 1969.  Since then, fewer and fewer artists have donated their works to museums and cultural institutions.

References

Proposed legislation of the 109th United States Congress
United States proposed federal taxation legislation

Artist–Museum Partnership Act


Future garage is a genre of electronic music that incorporates a variety of influences from UK garage and softer elements from 2-step garage, leading to an off-kilter rhythmic style. Characteristic sounds are pitched vocal chops, warm filtered reese basses, dark atmospheres (including synth pads, field recordings and other atmospheric sounds) and vinyl crackle. The tempo usually ranges from 130 to 140 bpm, but can also be slower or faster.

Details
Future garage incorporates a variety of influences from UK garage and softer elements from 2-step garage. The genre has been described as being influenced by UK garage, dark swing, 2-step garage and grime, producing so-called "futuristic", and often very off kilter modern rhythmic production styles. The name was coined by Whistla before the appearance of Future Garage Forum in November 2009.

In Issue 108 of MusicTech Magazine from March 2013, it was suggested that future garage should employ re-pitched vocals, soft leads with a round attack or an acoustic lead, subbass or a square wave bass with a modulating filter, and a four-to-the-floor or 2-step garage drum beat with off-the-grid hi-hats. The distinct swing in future garage drum beats is the focus on "late" or humanized hi-hats between the kick and snare patterns.

Notable artists include Burial, Manu Shrine, Roam, Koreless, Jamie xx and Zomby.

References

UK garage genres
English styles of music
Electronic dance music genres
2000s in music
2000s in British music

Future garage


Willem Wissing, known in England as William Wissing (1656 – 10 September 1687), was a Dutch portrait artist who worked in England.

Biography
He was born in either Amsterdam or The Hague, and studied at The Hague under Willem Doudijns (1630–97) and Arnoldus van Ravestyn (1615–90).  In 1676, he moved to England, where he studied with and assisted Peter Lely.  After Lely's death in 1680, Wissing emerged as his most important pupil.  Godfrey Kneller was the only contemporary portrait artist in England to rival Wissing.  Wissing's royal sitters include Charles II of England, Catherine of Braganza, George of Denmark and James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.

In 1685, James II of England sent Wissing to the Netherlands to paint portraits of his Dutch son-in-law and daughter, the future William III of England and the future Mary II of England.  The portraits were often repeated; versions are on display in the Great Hall of the Wren building at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.  Wissing died in 1687 at the peak of his fame as a portrait painter, at Burghley House, the home of John Cecil, 5th Earl of Exeter near Stamford in Lincolnshire. Some suspected he was poisoned out of jealousy of his success. According to Arnold Houbraken his epitaph was Immodicis brevis est aetas, meaning Brief is the life of the outstanding.  He was buried in St Martin's Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire.

Fellow Dutch immigrant Jan van der Vaart worked in his workshop and added the draperies and landscapes in the portraits painted by Wissing. After Wissing's death in 1687, van der Vaart continued Wissing's workshop.

Many of Wissing's portraits of prominent sitters and his self-portrait were disseminated in mezzotint.

Gallery

References

 Millar, Sir Oliver and Margaret Whinney, Oxford History of English Art 1625–1714, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1957, 177.

External links

1656 births
1687 deaths
17th-century English painters
English male painters
Painters from Amsterdam
British Baroque painters
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch portrait painters
British portrait painters

Willem Wissing


A staircase tower or stair tower (, also Stiegenturm or Wendelstein) is a tower-like wing of a building with a circular or polygonal plan that contains a stairwell, usually a helical staircase.

History
Only a few examples of staircase towers have survived from ancient times (e.g. on the Imperial Baths in Trier); staircases were often superfluous on the only single-storey buildings or were built into the outer walls of buildings that were often several feet thick. This tradition continued in the keeps (donjons), churches and castles of the early and high Middle Ages; and this situation only changed with the increasing construction of purpose-built and generally rather undecorated staircase towers of the High and Late Middle Ages (Romanesque and Gothic architecture styles).

Since the Renaissance period, staircase towers were markedly more decorative and representative of status. Stairs were now rarely hidden or built externally, but there were both artistically designed, curved and straight-running staircases inside the building with ornate ceilings and railings (e. g. Château de Chambord, Palazzo Barberini and Château d'Azay-le-Rideau or Château de Chenonceau). With the increasing construction of straight staircases with intermediate landings (the modern stairwells) separate staircase towers became gradually rarer.

Examples

France
 Former abbey church of Saint-Menoux
 Château de Blois, Loire region
 Château de Chambord, Loire region
 Château de Tanlay, département of Yonne

Germany
 Albrechtsburg, Meißen
 Lutherhaus, Wittenberg
 Latscha Building, Frankfurt-Ostend, Hesse
 Dresden Castle, Dresden
 Bertholdsburg Castle, Schleusingen, Thuringia
 Hartenfels Palace, Torgau
 Schloss Johannisburg, Aschaffenburg, Franconia
 Schloss Köthen (Anhalt)
 Weitersroda Castle, Hildburghausen, Thuringia
 Wilhelmsburg Castle, Schmalkalden, Thuringia

Ireland
Reeves Castle, County Kildare

See also
 Traboule, a special type of staircase tower

References

Further reading
 Hans Koepf, Günther Binding: Bildwörterbuch der Architektur. Kröner, Stuttgart, 2001,

External links

Stairs
Stairways
Towers
Rooms
Architectural elements
Architectural terminology

Staircase tower


Tuas is a region in the far west of the island of Singapore. It is reachable by the Mass rapid transit (MRT) of Singapore.

Tuas is mainly an industrial estate like Jurong and the Tuas checkpoint (called the Tuas Second Link) is found there.

Geography of Singapore

Tuas


Clairette de Die is a kind of sweet white sparkling wine made from the Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (75% minimum) and Clairette (25% maximum) grape varieties. It is produced in the Drôme department of France, in a part of the Rhône valley near the town of Die (pronounced "Dee"). The vineyards are some of the highest in France, between 400 and 700 metres above sea level. The region has a very long history of wine-growing, going back to Roman times.

The wine is bottle fermented. The muscat grapes which ripen first are kept separate from the clairette grapes. The grape juice is kept a low temperature, about 7°C, which means the fermentation will be slow and takes time. After filtering, but leaving some yeast the juice is blended in the bottle. It must be fermented in the bottle for at least another four months. The wine is then filtered again and put into new bottles for sale.

References

French wines

Clairette de Die


Andrew Abidemi Olugbenga Babalola (born 17 February 1961) was elected Senator for the Oyo North constituency of Oyo State, Nigeria, taking office on 29 May 2007. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP).

Babalola obtain a BSc degree, and an MBA (UK), followed by a DBA (USA).
He held various positions as Finance Officer from 1986 until his retirement.
After taking his seat in the Senate, he was appointed to committees on Works, Public Accounts, Millennium Development Goals, Land Transport, Ethics & Petition and Agriculture (Vice Chairman).
In a mid-term evaluation of Senators in May 2009, ThisDay said he had not sponsored any bills but had co-sponsored motions and contributed to debates in plenary, and had actively participated in committee work.
In 2008 the Senate unanimously adopted a motion sponsored by Babalola to examine the Nigerian food crisis and the entire agricultural sector.

References

Living people
1961 births
Oyo State
Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria)
Yoruba politicians
21st-century Nigerian politicians

Andrew Babalola