Astronomy Camp is a science summer camp hosted by the University of Arizona's Alumni Association, and run by astronomer  Don McCarthy. Many of the early camps took place at the Mount Lemmon Station Observatory atop Mount Lemmon, near Tucson, Arizona. On Mount Lemmon, the campers have access to a , 20-inch, 40-inch and 60-inch telescope, and on the nearby Mount Bigelow site, a  telescope.

In recent years, the camp has also taken place at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, where the students have access to a wide variety of telescopes, including the  Bok Telescope, the ARO 12m Radio Telescope, and a variety of smaller instruments.

At both locations, the telescopes and other equipment are used for hands-on learning and research on a variety of astronomical topics. Campers are encouraged to propose their own projects and collect the data necessary to answer their research questions.

Don McCarthy won the American Astronomical Society Education Prize in 2012 in part for his work running Astronomy Camp.

Location

Mount Lemmon observatory:
Kitt Peak observatory:

References

External links
Astronomy Camp Homepage

University of Arizona
Summer schools

Astronomy Camp


The Institut Jean Nicod (IJN) is an interdisciplinary research center based in Paris, France. Its current director is the philosopher  (2017-present), preceded by famous philosopher François Recanati (2010–2017) and Pierre Jacob (2002–2010). Created in 2002, its name commemorates the French philosopher, epistemologist and logician Jean Nicod (1893–1924). The IJN is jointly run by the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure (ENS) and École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), three French research and higher education institutions. Since 2007, the ENS hosts the IJN where it is affiliated with both the Département d'Etudes Cognitives (DEC), of which it is a founding member, and the Department of Philosophy.

Research carried out by its 33 permanent members (state 2016) has an interdisciplinary profile. In the tradition of analytic philosophy, this research center develops researches at the interface between cognitive science (mainly, philosophy of mind, philosophy of cognition, linguistics of cognition, psychology), social sciences (e.g. social epistemology, epistemic logic,  cognitive anthropology and sociology, behavioural economics) and the humanities. Internally the IJN is broadly organized in three research themes: (1) Language, (2) Action, Perception and Self-Consciousness and (3) Social Cognition. Apart from being a European venue for scientifically oriented analytic philosophy, it is engaged in fostering this kind of work through national and international collaborations.

As of 2016, the IJN hosts 15 Master, 60 PhD and 24 visiting students (as well as 15 Post-Docs) taught and supervised by its members.

The IJN was the first French institution (and among the first in Europe) to embrace an open access policy with respect to its scientific output, providing full free access to its publications. The IJN hosts the scholarly journal Review of Philosophy and Psychology, formerly known as European Review of Philosophy, (Springer, 1994-), as well as the Jean Nicod Lectures series (MIT Press, 1995-). Every year, the IJN website provides information on the Jean Nicod Prize, awarded by the French CNRS  to a leading philosopher of mind or philosophically oriented cognitive scientist.

Notable People
Researchers based at the IJN have included several internationally renowned philosophers and cognitive scientists:
Scott Atran, Nicolas Baumard, , , Vincent Descombes, Jérôme Dokic, Jon Elster, Pascal Engel, Uriah Kriegel, Hugo Mercier, Daniel Nettle, Gloria Origgi, , François Recanati, Philippe Schlenker, Dan Sperber, Benjamin Spector, Isidora Stojanovic, Mouhamadou El Hady Ba.

See also
 Jean Nicod
 Jean Nicod Prize
 Cognitive science (Consciousness
 Linguistics (Psycholinguistics, Pragmatics, Semantics)
 Philosophy (Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of psychology)
 Social sciences (Sociology, Cognitive anthropology)

References

External links
 Official website
 Jean Nicod Online Papers - Open Access Repository

Cognitive science research institutes
Social science research institutes
Research institutes in France
French National Centre for Scientific Research
Neuroscience research centers in France

Institut Jean Nicod


Edward Earl Whitacre Jr. (born November 4, 1941) is the former Chairman and CEO of General Motors. He is also a former chairman of the board and chief executive officer of AT&T, previously Southwestern Bell Corporation (SBC). He served as national president of the Boy Scouts of America from 1998 to 2000.  On September 1, 2010, Whitacre stepped down as CEO, and retired as chairman of the board by the end of 2010.

Life and career
Whitacre was born in Ennis, Texas. He graduated from Texas Tech University with a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering and is a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity.

He began his career with Southwestern Bell in 1963 as a facility engineer.

In October 1988, Whitacre became president and chief operating officer of a regional bell operating company, Southwestern Bell Corporation. Two years later, Whitacre became chairman of the board and chief executive officer. In 1995, Southwestern Bell Corporation changed its name to SBC Communications. Whitacre led SBC through a series of mergers and acquisitions in building the largest provider of both local long distance telephone services and wireless service (through its Cingular division) in the United States. These acquisitions included Pacific Telesis (1997), SNET (1998), Comcast Cellular (1999), Ameritech (1999) and AT&T Corporation (2005), from which the post-merger company took its name, as well as the 2006 acquisition of Bell South.

On June 23, 2006, he and the CEO of BellSouth were brought in under the Senate Antitrust Subcommittee following the AT&T-BellSouth merger. Whitacre was questioned regarding possible customer information leaks to the NSA in the interest of national security. There had been allegations by former AT&T technician Mark Klein that such work had been done in Room 641A of the San Francisco offices.

Whitacre's compensation totaled $61 million in 2006, $17 million in 2005, and about $14 million in 2004.

In 2006, Whitacre famously declared that companies like Google, Yahoo! or Vonage should not be able to "use the pipes for free."

On April 27, 2007, at the AT&T annual stockholders meeting, Whitacre announced his intent to retire as chief executive officer and chairman of the board, effective June 3. The board of directors elected Randall Stephenson to succeed Whitacre as new CEO and chairman. Whitacre retired on June 4, 2007, with Randall Stephenson taking over the following morning.  Upon retirement, Whitacre was eligible for a $158 million payout from AT&T. Following retirement, under his employment contract, Whitacre was entitled to receive some continuing benefits, including automobile use, access to AT&T's corporate aircraft for up to ten hours per month, use of AT&T office facilities and support staff, home security, and club memberships, as well as payment of applicable taxes resulting from these benefits, except for use of the aircraft. In addition, Whitacre has a three-year consulting contract with AT&T for which he is paid about $1 million annually. It has been reported that during his tenure at AT&T, Whitacre offered Randall Stephenson three words of advice via text message when the executive change was announced: "Give 'em hell".

BusinessWeek (1999) reported that, although the CEO of AT&T — amongst the largest and most influential names in telecommunications and its surrounding technology, Whitacre did not use e-mail or have a computer at his office.

As General Motors chairman and interim CEO, Whitacre does have a computer at his office and prefers to answer e-mail via BlackBerry.

In May 2008, Whitacre was elected to the board of directors for ExxonMobil.

On June 9, 2009, General Motors named Whitacre as chairman. He took the position when the automaker emerged from bankruptcy proceedings on July 10, 2009. On December 1, 2009, Whitacre became interim CEO following Fritz Henderson's resignation. Since taking the helms, he has been dubbed the GM Reaper by many in blogs, noted for his strong desire to "kill off" brands and projects, such as Saab and a sub-Volt Toyota Prius competitor planned for Chevrolet. In January 2010, chairman Whitacre was appointed permanent CEO after serving in the post in an interim capacity. On September 1, 2010 he relinquished the CEO position to Daniel Akerson but agreed to continue on as GM Chairman to the end of the year.

In February 2014 it was announced that he will deliver the Spring Commencement address for University of the Pacific's Stockton campus on May 10, 2014 at Alex G. Spanos Center.

He continues to live in San Antonio, but frequently travels to Detroit.

Honors
In 1997, Whitacre received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Carlos Slim.

AT&T headquarters in downtown Dallas was dubbed "Whitacre Tower" in honor of Whitacre's 44 years at the company, 17 of which were spent as chairman and CEO.

In 2004, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree by the University of the Incarnate Word.

On November 12, 2008, Texas Tech announced that its college of engineering will be renamed the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering.
In 2007, AT&T created an award called the "Whitacre Award" to honor the former chairman.

Whitacre was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2009.

In 2010, Whitacre was named as a finalist for Texan of the Year.

Book
 American Turnaround: Reinventing AT&T and GM and the Way We Do Business in the USA. 2013.

References

External links
 Whitacre's Stock Ownership, according to Forbes

|-

|-

1941 births
American chief executives in the automobile industry
AT&T people
Directors of ExxonMobil
General Motors executives
Living people
People from Ennis, Texas
Businesspeople from San Antonio
Texas Tech University alumni
Texas Tech University System regents
Presidents of the Boy Scouts of America

Edward Whitacre Jr.


Margaret "Peggy" Carter is a fictional character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise portrayed by Hayley Atwell, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Carter is depicted as a British MI6 agent and member of the Strategic Scientific Reserve who became the love interest of Steve Rogers during World War II. Following the war, she goes on to become one of the founders of S.H.I.E.L.D., eventually serving as the Director. Atwell has received critical praise for her depiction of the character.

, the character has appeared in five films, as well as the short film Agent Carter (2013), the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and her own television series Agent Carter (2015–2016).

Alternate versions of the character named Captain Carter appear in the animated series What If...? (2021–present) and the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). What If...? Carter receives the Super Soldier Serum instead of Rogers, and is later recruited by the Watcher to join the Guardians of the Multiverse in the battle against an alternate version of Ultron. Multiverse of Madness Captain Carter, also a supersoldier, is a member of the Illuminati from a reality called Earth-838.

Concept and creation
The character debuted in a single panel (and unnamed) as a wartime love interest of Captain America in Tales of Suspense #75 (March 1966), and then receiving a name in #77 (May 1966). She was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby.

Hayley Atwell was cast in the role of Peggy Carter for Captain America: The First Avenger in April 2010.  Atwell expressed interest in reprising the role for Agent Carter in October 2013; ABC Entertainment president Paul Lee confirmed her involvement in the project in January 2014. Gabriella Graves portrays a young Carter in the television series Agent Carter through flashbacks. Regarding her preparation for the role, Atwell said, "I'm training at the moment six days a week to make her a bit more military and make it convincing that I could kick butt." On taking up the role of Carter, Atwell said "the main reason I did Captain America was because I wanted to get out of my own head and stop taking my work so seriously". Captain America: The First Avenger screenwriter Christopher Markus said the film "takes place in the 40s, there weren't too many women in areas of authority at that point, and we wanted her to essentially be the most capable person on the screen at that time".

Appearances
 Peggy Carter first appears in Captain America: The First Avenger, which is set in the early 1940s during World War II. Working for the military, she falls in love with Steve Rogers, who has recently become Captain America.
 She then appears in the Marvel One-Shot short film Agent Carter, which was packaged with the Iron Man 3 Blu-ray disc. The film takes place one year after the events of Captain America: The First Avenger, and features Carter as a member of the Strategic Scientific Reserve, searching for the mysterious Zodiac, and dealing with sexism.
 Hayley Atwell starred as Peggy Carter in the series Agent Carter. Set in the immediate post-war years following the events of Captain America: The First Avenger, the series depicts Carter's advancement from routine office work to a position as a celebrated and well-respected agent of the Strategic Scientific Reserve. In addition, she works with Howard Stark's butler Edwin Jarvis to uncover his framing at the hands of Leviathan. The series aired from January 6, 2015, until March 1, 2016.
 In the second season of Agent Carter, it is revealed that Carter had a brother, Michael (portrayed by Max Brown as an adult and Webb Baker Hayes as a boy), with whom she was very close. After Michael's death in World War II, Carter decides to leave her then-fiancé Fred Wells (portrayed by Kevin Changaris) to join the SSR. It is also revealed that Carter's mother, portrayed by Carole Ruggier, was named Amanda.
 In Captain America: The Winter Soldier, CGI was used to allow Atwell to reprise her role as the now 90 year old Carter when Rogers visits her in her retirement home in 2014.
 Hayley Atwell portrayed Peggy Carter in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.. She appears in the second-season premiere episode "Shadows" where she and the SSR raid a Hydra facility and arrest Werner Reinhardt and Hydra agents. Carter later appeared in the episode "The Things We Bury" where a flashback shows her interrogating Whitehall. In the season three episode "Emancipation", which occurs during the events of Captain America: Civil War, a newspaper headline is shown that says Agent Carter has died at the age of 95.
 She appears in Avengers: Age of Ultron in Rogers's 1940s hallucination caused by Wanda Maximoff.
 She appears in Ant-Man, in a 1989 flashback, aged in her late 70s, when Hank Pym resigns from S.H.I.E.L.D. after discovering that Mitchell Carson was trying to replicate Pym's shrinking formula without consent.
 She only appears in images in Captain America: Civil War, having died off-screen during the first act. Rogers serves as one of the pallbearers at her funeral and learns that Sharon Carter is her niece.
 She appears in Avengers: Endgame albeit in Rogers' compass photo of her, then in alternate timelines. She is seen working in her office in an alternate 1970 by Rogers. In an alternate 1949, she is reunited with Rogers and they get married.
 She appears in the first episode of the Disney+ animated series What If...? in an alternate universe. In this timeline, she receives the Super Soldier Serum and becomes a superhero named Captain Carter. In the ninth episode, she is recruited by the Watcher to join the Guardians of the Multiverse to stop an alternate Ultron.
 A similar version of Captain Carter appears in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). In Earth-838, Carter serves as a member of the Illuminati and is killed when Wanda Maximoff throws Carter's shield at her, cutting her in half.

Fictional character biography

Early life
Margaret Carter was born in 1921 to Amanda Carter. After the apparent death of her brother Michael in World War II, Carter decided to leave her then-fiancé Fred Wells to join MI6, being assigned to the Strategic Scientific Reserve (SSR).

Project Rebirth

In 1943, Carter is tasked by the SSR to help oversee Project Rebirth, a program to create an army of supersoldiers for the United States war effort. Carter joins Howard Stark and Dr. Abraham Erskine in overseeing the program. After a series of tests on different soldiers, the sickly Steve Rogers is chosen due to his heroic character. Erskine subjects Rogers to the super-soldier treatment, injecting him with a Super Soldier Serum and dosing him with vita-rays.

After Rogers emerges from the experiment as a super soldier, an undercover Heinz Kruger, a Hydra agent, kills Erskine and flees with a vial of the serum. Rogers and Carter pursue Kruger; Carter nearly kills him but Rogers saves her from being hit by his vehicle. The assassin avoids interrogation by committing suicide with a cyanide capsule.

Helping Steve Rogers
After Rogers' best friend Bucky Barnes is captured by Hydra, Rogers has Carter and Howard Stark fly him behind enemy lines to mount a solo rescue attempt, which succeeds. After Rogers returns, Carter, who has developed feelings for him, catches him kissing another woman, prompting her to angrily fire bullets at Rogers' new shield. Using information extracted from Arnim Zola, the final Hydra stronghold is located, and Rogers leads an attack to stop Johann Schmidt from using weapons of mass destruction on America's cities. Rogers and Carter kiss and Rogers promised to go dancing with her, before Rogers climbs aboard Schmidt's aircraft as it takes off. After Schmidt is teleported to Vormir by the Tesseract, Rogers, seeing no way to land the plane without the risk of detonating its weapons, radios the tearful Carter and says goodbye to her before crashing in the Arctic. Stark later recovers the Tesseract from the ocean floor but is unable to locate Rogers or the aircraft, presuming him dead.

Post–World War II

In 1945, Carter and the SSR raid the last known Hydra base led by Werner Reinhardt. They confiscate many items including the Obelisk and a blue body.

One year later, Carter faces sexism from her boss, Agent John Flynn, who treats her condescendingly and keeps her compiling data and code breaking while assigning field cases to the male agents. The SSR's main concern is the mysterious Zodiac, which they have been unable to recover for some time. One night alone in the office while the men are out together, Carter answers the case line to hear of the location of the Zodiac. Though three to five agents are recommended, Carter decides to go to the location herself. Fighting off multiple guards, Carter is able to retrieve the Zodiac, a mysterious serum, herself. The next day, Flynn reprimands her for not going through the proper procedures to complete the mission, and dismisses the indignant Carter as just an "old flame" of Captain America's who was given her current job out of pity for her bereavement. However, before he can officially punish her, the case line rings again, this time with Howard Stark on the other end, who informs Flynn that Carter will co-head the newly created S.H.I.E.L.D.

Later in 1946, Carter has to balance the routine office work she does for the SSR in New York City with secretly assisting Howard Stark, who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States. Carter is assisted by Stark's butler, Edwin Jarvis, to find those responsible and dispose of the weapons.

In 1947, Carter moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new Atomic Age by the Secret Empire in the aftermath of World War II, gaining new friends, a new home, and starting a romance with Daniel Sousa.

Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. and later life

Sometime later, Carter marries a man whom Steve Rogers saved from a Hydra base in World War II, and has two children with him. Carter's American niece Sharon Carter later becomes a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent. Meanwhile, Peggy Carter also conducts S.H.I.E.L.D. operations in collaboration with a man named "Braddock".

By 1970, Carter serves as the Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. In 1989, Carter witnesses a confrontation between Hank Pym and Howard Stark over Stark's use of Pym Particles without Pym's knowledge, causing Pym to quit S.H.I.E.L.D.

In 2014, Carter, who is now elderly, has developed Alzheimer's disease, and is living in a care facility. Rogers visits her, having come out of suspended animation a few years prior. Carter notes to Rogers that the world has changed and is surprised to see him.

In 2016, Carter passes away in her sleep, and Sharon, Rogers and Sam Wilson attend her funeral.

Alternate versions

Working at S.H.I.E.L.D.

In an alternate 1970, Carter is seen working at S.H.I.E.L.D.'s base at Camp Lehigh, New Jersey.

Reunited with Steve Rogers

In an alternate 1949, Carter was met by Rogers, who had come from Earth 616, another universe, after completing his tasks. They lived a happy life together.

What If...?

In an alternate 1943, when Carter chooses to stay in the main theater instead of watching from a safe distance, Kruger attacks Project Rebirth before it starts and shoots Rogers, leading Carter to take the Super Soldier Serum herself. Carter, after attacking a Hydra convoy and successfully retrieving the Tesseract from Hydra leader Johann Schmidt, becomes the superhero Captain Carter, equipped with a vibranium shield that has a Union Jack style paint job. Rogers instead pilots the Hydra Stomper armor made by Howard Stark and powered by the Tesseract. Carter fights alongside Rogers to help the Allied Forces win World War II. In 1945, Rogers goes missing during an attack on a Hydra train, prompting Carter to interrogate Arnim Zola to learn the location of Schmidt's castle. They find him using the Tesseract to summon an interdimensional creature from a portal which kills him. Carter sacrifices herself by entering the portal while pushing the creature back into it.

Carter lands in S.H.I.E.L.D.'s warehouse, meeting Nick Fury and Clint Barton, who tell her the war ended almost 70 years ago. In 2014, Carter has befriended Natasha Romanoff and works for S.H.I.E.L.D., going on a mission to rescue the hijacked S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel Lemurian Star from Georges Batroc. While she duels Batroc, she is recruited by the Watcher to form the Guardians of the Multiverse to defeat Ultron, who plans to take control and destroy the entire multiverse. The Guardians and an apocalyptic version of Romanoff fight Ultron in his and Romanoff's home universe, and Carter exposes Ultron's eye by removing part of his helmet. This allows Romanoff to inject an Arnim Zola virus, wiping out Ultron's consciousness, destroying him. Carter is then returned to her universe by the Watcher. Back in her universe, Carter and Romanoff subdue Batroc, and then Romanoff informs her that the Hydra Stomper has been found with someone inside.

Earth-838

In an alternate 2021, in the universe designated Earth-838, Captain Carter is a member of the Illuminati. When Thanos instigates the Infinity War, she and the Illuminati successfully defeat him using the Book of Vishanti. She is also present at the execution of 838-Stephen Strange, who became corrupted by the Darkhold. Carter and her fellow Illuminati debate what to do with Earth 616-Strange and America Chavez when they arrive on Earth-838. When their headquarters is attacked by 616-Wanda Maximoff, who has possessed the body of her Earth-838 counterpart, Carter is killed when she is bisected by her own shield.

Characterization

About the character's debut in Captain America: The First Avenger, Atwell stated, "I likened her character to that famous Ginger Rogers quote. She can do everything Captain America can do, but backwards and in high heels. She's an English soldier through and through, although she always looks fabulous. She might stand there with a machine-gun shooting Nazis, but she's obviously gone to the loo beforehand and applied a bit of lipstick. She doesn't need to be rescued. That's exciting to me – her strength." She added, "I think she's quite stubborn, a slightly frustrated woman who struggles with being a woman in that time. But more importantly she's a modern woman and she sees something in Captain America that she relates to, and becomes kindred spirits. He treats her very differently to how she's been treated by lots of men, in this kind of dominated world she lives in. So she's very much a fighter."

Carter is the first female character to headline a standalone story as part of the MCU, ahead of popular comic characters such as Black Widow and Captain Marvel. Unlike other major Marvel heroes, Carter does not have any superpowers, instead the writers "always said her superpower is the fact that other people underestimate her. And she often uses that to her advantage". Atwell said it was "thrilling" to explore "the backdrop of this male-dominated world, where women are still in the workforce, unspoken for and struggling to find a place outside the home" and how it affects Carter, who must deal with this along with the missions she receives.

On the character starring in her own short film, the director of the Agent Carter short film Louis D'Esposito said that Marvel always wanted to do a Peggy Carter short since the character "was a fan-favorite and a Marvel Studios favorite". D'Esposito enjoyed the moment when Carter uses her compact to view the bad guy, which was ad libbed during filming, because "that's the essence of what she's about and what the film's about. Not only is she—especially in that time—a woman in a man's world, she still maintains her femininity".

Speaking about the influence that the apparent death of Steve Rogers has on Carter, Atwell explained that "It's only been a year and she's grieving him and I think what keeps her going is he was the greatest person she ever knew ... she's also determined to make sure that his work wasn't in vain." Following the first season, Atwell noted that Carter did not "win everyone's respect", with Jack Thompson taking credit for her actions, for example, but "she knows her value so she doesn't need that praise". For the second season, executive producer Michele Fazekas explained that after Carter "put a lot of things emotionally to bed", such as letting go of Captain America, she is now "more open to looking at her life and figuring out, does she want a relationship?" Fazekas added that Carter would start to realize that "not everybody has her ideals", even in the SSR.

Appearance

For Carter's costumes, though some vintage pieces were used, most of her outfits were custom made to accommodate the scripted action scenes. Costume designer Giovanna Ottobre-Melton gave the outfits an "hourglass style with strength in the tailoring and defined shoulders, but not overly exaggerated." For the character's tactical gear, World War II underground military looks were referenced. On receiving the script for Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Atwell realized the character "would be 96, and I would be up to the eyeballs in prosthetics." The visual effects team was not satisfied with the initial make-up used to make Atwell look older, and eventually resorted to aging her through CGI methods.

Reception

Critical response
Reviewing Captain America: The First Avenger, Christy Lemire of the Associated Press said, "Atwell's gorgeous looks make her a great fit for the part, but her character is better developed than you might imagine; she's no damsel in distress, waiting for Captain America to save her, but rather a trained fighter who is very much his equal." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt that she resembled "a classic military pin-up of the period" with her depicted "full red lips" of the film.

Rosie Fletcher of Total Film noted that the Marvel One-Shot short film Agent Carter was well received by the audience at San Diego Comic Con, and praised Atwell's performance. Andy Hunsaker at CraveOnline said the short "gives its title character the send-off she deserves", and hoped that it would lead to further female-focused properties from Marvel. IGNs Scott Collura called Atwell "the big-screen female superhero we've all been waiting for. She kicks so much ass in this short story with such aplomb, using not just brawn but also brains, and it's all very clever and fun." He felt the short seemed more of a proof-of-concept that female-based superhero projects could work, but that "Atwell never loses touch with her feminine side" either.

Brian Lowry, reviewing the two-part premiere of the TV series Agent Carter for Variety, felt that giving Atwell her own television series was "a pretty smart bet" by Marvel, and he called the episodes "considerable fun".

The A.V. Club named Atwell's performance as one of the "Best Individual Performances" of 2015.

Accolades

Notes

See also
 Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe

References

External links

 Peggy Carter on Marvel.com

Agent Carter (TV series)
British female characters in television
British superheroes
Captain America (film series)
Captain America characters
Female characters in film
Fictional British people
Fictional British secret agents
Fictional female martial artists
Fictional female soldiers and warriors
Fictional female secret agents and spies
Fictional military captains
Fictional military personnel in films
Fictional Office of Strategic Services personnel
Fictional secret agents and spies in films
Fictional secret agents and spies in television
Fictional shield fighters
Fictional super soldiers
Fictional United States Army personnel
Fictional World War II veterans
Film characters introduced in 2011
Marvel Cinematic Universe characters
Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics female superheroes
Peggy Carter
S.H.I.E.L.D. agents
United Kingdom-themed superheroes

Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)


Johnny Chan (born in Guangzhou, China in 1957) is a poker player. He won the World Series of Poker Main Event in 1987 and 1988. He took second place at the 1989 World Series of Poker. He has won 10 World Series of Poker bracelets.

Chan moved with his family in 1962 from Guangzhou to Hong Kong, then in 1968 to Phoenix, Arizona and later in 1973 to Houston, Texas.   When he was 21, Chan dropped out of the University of Houston and moved to Las Vegas to become a professional gambler.

Living people
1957 births
Poker players
Guangzhou

Johnny Chan


Grand Turk Island is an island in the Turks and Caicos archipelago, in the Atlantic Ocean.  It is a British territory.  It has salt ponds and windmills from when people made sea salt on the island. There is a Grand Turk Lighthouse on the north side of the island. Horses and donkeys live on the island.

The government of Grand Turk Island is in Cockburn Town.  Today, the largest industry on the island is seafood.

References

Geography of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Islands of the United Kingdom

Grand Turk Island


The Krakatoa Archipelago is a small uninhabited archipelago of volcanic islands formed by the Krakatoa stratovolcano located in the Sunda Strait, nestled between the much larger islands of Java and Sumatra. As of 2018, the archipelago consists of four main islands: Verlaten (aka Sertung), Lang (aka Rakata Kecil, or Panjang), Rakata, and the currently volcanically active Anak Krakatoa. Together, the islands are a part of the Indonesian island arc system, created by the northeastward subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate. As part of a dynamic volcanic system, the islands have been continuously reshaped throughout recorded history, most notably in the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.

Politically, the Krakatoa Archipelago lies entirely within Lampung province of Indonesia, and forms a part of Ujung Kulon National Park.

Geology

Krakatoa is an active stratovolcano located in Indonesia, and lying on the far western rim of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Krakatoa is a notably powerful volcano, with the 1883 eruption being one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in all of recorded history.

Geography

Current islands
 Verlaten Island (aka Sertung) – Verlaten is a rather low island with a hill in the middle. Other than some minor collapse in the southeast (closest to the main island of Krakatoa), Verlaten suffered little damage in the 1883 eruption. Instead, it grew almost 3 times in area due to pumice fall, although most of the gain was quickly eroded away. After the 1883 eruption, Verlaten developed a low spit of land to the north-east with a brackish lake near the end. This lake became a waterfowl haven, but has since been breached by wave erosion.
 Lang Island (aka Lesser Krakatoa, or Panjang) – Lang, by contrast, is quite hilly. It  suffered only slightly in the 1883 eruption; it actually grew in area from massive pumice fall, although most of the additional area washed away within several years.
 Rakata (aka Greater Krakatoa) – Standing 813 metres (2,667 ft) tall, it was the largest and southernmost of three volcanoes that formed the now destroyed island of "Krakatoa" (the others being Danan and Perboewatan) and the only one not obliterated in the eruption of 1883. However, Rakata did lose its northern half in that eruption, leaving just its southern half. The exposed cliff is quite striking visually, partially of a large exposed dike terminating in a large lenticular extrusion at the middle of the almost vertical cliff. The feature has been called "the Eye of Krakatoa."
 Anak Krakatoa – Following the 1883 eruption, Krakatoa's lava dome was entirely beneath the surface of the ocean. However, in December 1927, an eruption led to a new island that rose above the waterline. The eruptions were initially of pumice and ash, and that island and the two islands that followed were quickly eroded away by the sea. Eventually a fourth island named Anak Krakatau (meaning "child of Krakatoa" in Indonesian) broke water in August 1930, and produced lava flows more quickly than the waves could erode them.

Former islands
 Poolsche Hoed (Dutch: "Polish Hat") – a former small rocky islet between Krakatoa Island and Lang Island, which was destroyed in the 1883 eruption. The name was apparently derived from its appearance from the sea: a sharply angled point, similar to the old-styled caps worn by Poles.
 Calmeyer (sometimes spelled Calmejer) – a former island created from volcanic products from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, in the Sebesi Channel between Krakatoa Island and Sebesi, which was a fairly shallow area (about 20 meters before the eruption). Calmeyer was somewhat higher than Steers, at about 6.5 meters at the highest spot. The two rather quickly were eroded away by wave action; Calmeyer had broken up into about half a dozen smaller islets by the time of Rogier Verbeek's visit in October 1883, and was gone within two years. Sandbanks bearing the names still remain.
 Steers (island) – a former island created from volcanic products from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, in the Sebesi Channel between Krakatoa Island and Sebesi. Steers was the slightly larger of the two, but never was more than three meters above the waterline. They were rather quickly eroded away by wave action, and were gone within two years. Sandbanks bearing the names still remain.

Gallery

See also
 Sebesi

References

Krakatoa
Archipelagoes of Indonesia
Active volcanoes of Indonesia
Subduction volcanoes
Submarine calderas
Islands of the Sunda Strait
Calderas of Indonesia

Krakatoa archipelago


Airi L is a female vocalist who had a hit in the UK with a pre-release cover version of "When Love Takes Over" by David Guetta featuring Kelly Rowland. Airi L's version got to 22 in the UK Singles Chart.

The release of this track prompted the rush release of the original version of the track. EMI Music called Airi L's version "inferior" and decided to combat her cover by releasing Guetta's version on 11 June 2009, earlier than originally planned. The cover debuted and peaked at number twenty-two, selling 12,000 copies whilst Guetta and Rowland's version debuted at number seven with 25,000 copies. According to Yahoo! Music's James Masterton, Rowland's version would have debuted at a higher place had it not been for the "bootleg cover". He said the single had to be rush released "when not one but two spoiler (and indeed near-identical) cover versions started to race up the iTunes rankings and threatened to have a negatively impact on the 'official' version." The following week Guetta's version peaked at number one, whereas the Airi L cover fell to 177.

The Airi L cover of "When Love Takes Over" was one of many cover versions released as downloads under the "Power Music Workout" umbrella. Airi L has recorded cover versions of various other tracks including "All Dressed in Love", "Boyfriend", "Confessions of a Broken Heart (Daughter to Father)", "I Will Survive", "No Air", "No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)", "On The Radio", "Rhythm Is A Dancer", "Single Ladies (Put A Ring on It)" and "Spotlight".

References

Living people
British pop singers
British women singers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cover artists

Airi L


Zoophilia is a type of paraphilia. People who have it feel sexually attracted to animals. These people are called zoophiles. Sexual activity with an animal is called bestiality. It is illegal in most countries. Most people think that zoophilia is wrong. Zoophilia is a mental disorder in the DSM.

Occurence
In a 1974 study, 4.9% of males said they had had sexual interactions with animals.

References

Paraphilias

Zoophilia


Michael Imperioli (born March 26, 1966) is an American actor. He is best known for the role of Christopher Moltisanti in the HBO crime drama The Sopranos (1999–2007), which earned him the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2004.

In the early part of his career, he played the role of Spider in Martin Scorsese's Goodfellas (1990). He went on to play many supporting roles in films such as Jungle Fever (1991), Bad Boys (1995), The Basketball Diaries (1995), Shark Tale (2004) and The Lovely Bones (2009). He received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series nomination for his role as Dominic Di Grasso in the second season of The White Lotus (2022). Imperioli has co-written the screenplay for Summer of Sam (1999) with Spike Lee, written five episodes of The Sopranos, and written and directed the feature film The Hungry Ghosts (2008).

Early life and education
Imperioli was born in Mount Vernon, New York, a working class suburb of New York City. He is the son of Dan Imperioli, a bus driver and amateur actor, and Claire Imperioli, a department store worker and amateur actress. His ancestors immigrated to New York City from Lazio and Sicily in Italy.

At age 11, Imperioli and his family moved to Brewster, New York, and in high school he began watching Broadway plays. After graduating from Brewster High School in 1983, Imperioli planned on studying pre-med at the State University of New York at Albany. The night before he was set to begin college, he confided in his parents that he sought to be an actor. At age 17, Imperioli then moved to Manhattan's East Village, where he enrolled at Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute to study acting. While there, he met John Ventimiglia, who later portrayed Artie Bucco on The Sopranos, and the two became roommates.

In the early 1990s, Imperioli performed as lead vocalist of the New Jersey-based jangle pop band Wild Carnation, departing to focus on his acting career prior to the release of their debut recordings in 1993.

Career

Imperioli has been nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and five Emmy Awards for his work as Christopher Moltisanti on The Sopranos. He won one Emmy for the fifth season of The Sopranos in 2004.

In addition to his role on The Sopranos, Imperioli has appeared in a number of films, including Goodfellas, Jungle Fever, Bad Boys, Malcolm X, The Basketball Diaries, Clockers, Dead Presidents, Girl 6, My Baby's Daddy, Lean on Me, I Shot Andy Warhol, Last Man Standing, Shark Tale, High Roller: The Stu Ungar Story, and Summer of Sam, which he also co-wrote and co-produced. He also wrote five episodes for The Sopranos.

Imperioli served as artistic director of Studio Dante, an Off-Broadway theater he formed with his wife. He is an active member of The Jazz Foundation of America and co-hosted their May 2009 annual benefit concert, "A Great Night in Harlem", at the Apollo Theater, which celebrated the foundation's 20th anniversary. He was a guest on the "San Giuseppe" episode of Mario Batali's Food Network television show Molto Mario. In 2010, Imperioli signed on to play the lead in the ABC television show Detroit 1-8-7. Working with the writer Gabriele Tinti, he wrote the text "Pride" for Tinti's book New York Shots, and participated in a reading of The Way of the Cross at the Queens Museum of Art in 2011.

Imperioli won the Tournament of Stars competition on the cooking show Chopped in 2014, sending $50,000 to his designated charity the Pureland Project, an organization which builds and maintains schools in rural Tibet. In 2016, he guest starred as the angel Uriel on the Fox show Lucifer.

On March 13, 2019, Imperioli was cast in the lead role of Rick Sellitto in the NBC drama series Lincoln Rhyme: Hunt for the Bone Collector. Imperioli co-hosts a podcast with Steve Schirripa titled Talking Sopranos, which began on April 6, 2020. The two provide inside info as they follow The Sopranos series episode by episode. By September 2020, the podcast had reached over five million downloads.

On September 17, 2020, Imperioli and Schirripa signed a deal with HarperCollins book imprint William Morrow and Company to write an oral history of the show; the book titled Woke Up This Morning: The Definitive Oral History of The Sopranos was released on November 2, 2021. In July 2020, he hosted a show on NTS Radio called 632 ELYSIAN FIELDS, which was inspired by A Streetcar Named Desire. In September 2020, Imperioli provided narration for The Whistleblower, a podcast about the 2007 NBA betting scandal.

Imperioli is the guitarist and vocalist for the band Zopa. In 2020, Zopa released their debut album entitled La Dolce Vita. In 2021, Zopa headlined the Freakout Festival in Seattle.

Imperioli served as narrator in the 2021 Sopranos prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark.

In January 2022, Imperioli was cast in a lead role in the second season of the dark comedy series The White Lotus at HBO.

Personal life
Imperioli married Victoria Chlebowski in 1996. They have homes in the Upper West Side of Manhattan and in Santa Barbara, California, and have three children. He and his family are avid practitioners of Tae Kwon Do. In 2008, Imperioli became a Buddhist.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 LA Yoga Magazine - Michael Imperioli; This Is The Way Of The Bodhisattva

1966 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Actors from Mount Vernon, New York
American Buddhists
American male film actors
American male taekwondo practitioners
American male television actors
American people of Italian descent
American podcasters
Converts to Buddhism
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni
Male actors from New York (state)
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
People of Calabrian descent
People of Lazian descent
People of Sicilian descent

Michael Imperioli


is an action-adventure video game which combines elements of the platform game and role-playing video game genres. The game was originally an arcade video game released by Taito in 1989, then published for the TurboGrafx-16 in 1991 and the Mega Drive/Genesis in 1992. It is included in Taito Memories Volume 2 released for the PlayStation 2 in 2005 and the Xbox and Microsoft Windows versions of Taito Legends 2 released in 2007. The 1989 arcade version was made available for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch via the Arcade Archives series in August 2023.

Plot
The game's setting is a medieval fantasy world similar to that of sword-and-sorcery high fantasy such as The Lord of the Rings. The demons and abominations of nature who reside in the underground kingdom of Cadash have not forgotten that, thousands of years previously, they once shared the light with humans. Then one rose among them who was especially powerful, a demonic wizard born of a human woman – the Balrog (Baarogue or Baalogue in the arcade version, and Barlog in the TurboGrafx version). The Balrog promised his followers they could, in time, emerge from their subterranean prison and rule the world of men, taking revenge on humans for their prior defeat in battle and subsequent exile, if the Balrog could mingle his blood with that of a human king. The Balrog and his demonic armies gathered in force over the centuries, and are now powerful enough to emerge to the surface and make war with the unprepared human kingdoms which had not known war for millennia, all of which quickly fall to the Balrog. The human world is almost entirely laid to waste by the Balrog. However, this was not enough for the Balrog, whose prize is the mightiest of all human kingdoms, the Kingdom of Dirzir. One night, the beautiful Princess Salassa is kidnapped by the Balrog from the Keep of Deerzar, the capital city of Dirzir, and taken underground to the dreaded Castle Cadash. There the Balrog plans to initiate the ritual which would magically bind himself to the human princess, becoming all-powerful and invincible. Dilsarl, the distraught and helpless elderly King of Dirzir, has vowed to give his entire kingdom to the one who would rescue his beloved only daughter, and many brave heroes have disappeared into the depths of Cadash on this quest.

Gameplay

Cadash is an early example of what would become a fairly common trend in Japanese-made arcade games of the early 1990s: the "platform-RPG", combining side-scrolling platform action with an RPG system of statistics, levels, money and magic.

Four characters can play at once in the arcade version, and up to two players may select from four different characters in the console versions: fighter, mage, priestess, and ninja, each with different attacks, statistics and skills. Players then proceed through each level, killing monsters and bosses, collecting keys to unlock doors and collecting gold and experience. Gold is also taken from slain foes and treasure chests. Villages sell items, weapons, armor and (in the console versions) extra lives, with each village encountered providing better equipment. Some villagers and benevolent creatures will also provide information. The arcade version has a limited game time, which can be extended by buying progressively more expensive hourglasses at shops, or by picking up rare bonuses. In shops, and in hidden places, are medicinal herbs which restore 10 HP if brought to zero, and antidotes which cure poison inflicted by specific foes. There are also two elixirs in the game that act like medicinal herbs, except that they restore all HP.

There are five stages in the game. Stages one, two and four consist of two worlds, above and below ground. Stage three consists of three worlds. Stage five is set entirely within Castle Cadash. The environments differ significantly, from pleasant meadows to caves, and from forests to underwater environments. Some foes encountered in these levels are derived from common mythology while others are completely made up for the game.

In both the arcade and the TurboGrafx-16 versions, there are four playable characters. However, the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis version only has the fighter and mage as playable characters, as the priestess and ninja characters are missing. In all versions of the game the characters vary significantly in terms of power and abilities.

The arcade version supports a four-players "link" mode using two Cadash cabinets, with some limitations, such as each player having to pick a different character, and characters playing on the same machine being forced to keep up with each other, unable to venture "off screen". Two-player mode is available in the console versions. The characters are:

Fighter: identified as "Toru" in some game manuals, the otherwise unnamed fighter is a Conan the Barbarian-style warrior who lives by his muscle and his sword. The fighter has powerful melee attacks, the highest defense and the highest agility in the game when using a particular weapon. However, compared to the other characters, he is unable to use any magic spells. Being a close range fighter, he is initially disadvantaged against ranged attacks and flying enemies due to the short reach of his weapons. To combat ranged attacks, the fighter can purchase and wield a shield to block most enemy projectiles, including dragons' fire. The fighter's quick movement and attack speed, especially with his end game weapons, allows him to make short work of most enemies and bosses once he closes the distance.
Mage: the silver-haired, bearded and green-robed, unnamed mage, with a slightly hunched back, is the court wizard of Dirzir and chief advisor to the king. The mage draws on the wisdom and magic of the ancients who were able to banish the demons to Cadash in the distant past, and can also rely on his magic staff when his magic reserves need to replenish themselves. He has the most powerful offensive capability in the game through his spells, but is also physically the weakest and slowest character. Among all the characters, the mage requires the lowest amount of experience to gain levels, being able to reach the maximum level as early as the halfway point of the game. As the mage gains levels he learns new and more powerful spells, calling upon the elements and the very forces of nature to assist him; after obtaining the Wizard Staff, he is able recover 1 mana point per second and cast spells at half the original mana cost. However, his spells do not work on certain creatures, including the undead, forcing him to evade them or fight with his limited melee capability. The mage's devastating spells allow him to be a powerful boss killer; he is the only character who is able to take down the final boss easy and fast.
Priestess: the young warrior-priestess is the most appropriate character for beginners, who have yet to learn the game's differences and enemy arrangement, thanks to her defensive spells which allow her to heal and negate damage. Offensively, she is competent against normal enemies due to the long reach and penetration of her final weapon. However, her weapons are the slowest among all the characters in both attack and recovery, making her the weakest boss killer in the game. Defensively, she is able to cast a highly useful protection spell that absorbs 32 damage and removes the knockback from getting hit. The priestess also has the ability to add more playing time in the arcade version of Cadash (30 seconds in the Japanese version, and 60 seconds in all other versions). In the Japanese version of Cadash, the priestess is a much less effective character overall: she is the least suitable character to bypass the second level and fight stone golems for lucrative experience (which is a well-known and critical strategy when playing optimally) since she cannot compensate for her weakness at that point in the game with the much cheaper medicinal herbs sold in the overseas versions, and she cannot exploit staying at inns to increase the playing time due to the exorbitant inn prices in the Japanese version.
Ninja: the mysterious ninja is a master of ranged combat who has excellent agility, the highest natural defense, and exclusively uses concealed projectiles (shurikens and throwing knives) to attack with. He is the only true long range character in the game, being able to kill enemies as soon as they appear on screen. The priestess eventually gains a weapon that travels a long distance, but the ninja outclasses her in terms of attack recovery, projectile speed, and raw damage. The ninja's attack takes the fewest frames to come out compared to the other characters; he is unparalleled when it comes to taking down normal enemies, and is also a very efficient boss killer. When wielding certain weapons, he has some special abilities such as spreading fire and being able to penetrate enemies and walls with projectiles. The ninja's sole disadvantage is that he has the highest experience requirements to gain levels, and so it may take longer to progress the character, but this is largely overcome by the fact that he gains the most status points per level and his ability to dispose of enemies, and hence gain experience, is the quickest among the four characters.

Ports
In the early 1990s, Cadash was ported to the TurboGrafx-16 (in 1991) and the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive (1992). Both home console versions of Cadash eliminated the time limit that existed in the original arcade version.

The TurboGrafx-16 (PC-engine) version of Cadash, which was translated into English by Working Designs, implemented many changes to the original game, including agility, defense, spell costs and damage, to better balance the characters. Formerly challenging characters such as the fighter and mage were greatly enhanced to rival and even surpass the priestess. To accommodate the differences in hardware power, the levels were divided into large rooms and halls connected by doors and corridors, whereas the arcade game used large, seamless levels. The PC-engine version features colorful, new designs and graphics that are a sharp contrast from the darker shades used in the arcade and Genesis versions. The PC-engine version does not allow any continuing in one-player mode, although dead allies could be revived at inns in two-player mode.

The Genesis port excluded two of the four playable classes, keeping only the fighter and mage. The port was not entirely accurate although the graphics were similar, albeit with a much darker palette. The giant kelp boss was removed entirely from this version. The healing value of herbs, damage from enemies, enemy AI and many more aspects of the game were altered. This is the only version of Cadash where the player can buy elixirs, which serve as extra lives, in item shops.

The Japanese and US versions of the original arcade game are much more difficult than the other versions. The most noticeable changes are that the player can only carry half as many herbs and antidotes, and herbs are considerably more expensive to buy. The price of sleeping at an inn increases from 50 to 200 to 1000 to 6000 to 30000 gold with each subsequent stay, while in the overseas versions the maximum price for staying at an inn remains at 5,000 gold. The hidden Dragon Amulet only rewards 10,000 gold, as opposed to the maximum amount of 65,535 in the other versions. As for differences in character gameplay, the priestess's Recover Time spell adds only 30 seconds to the game's timer, as opposed to a full minute in the other versions. Finally, bosses have much more health in the Japanese and US versions of Cadash, which is easily apparent by comparing the number of attacks (such as the Mage's Explosion spell) required to defeat the bosses.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Cadash on their May 1, 1990 issue as being the most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

In North America, the arcade game was critically well received by RePlay magazine in early 1990.

References

External links

 In-depth FAQs at GameFAQs
 Internet Arcade: Cadash
 Cadash at The Killer List of Videogames
 Cadash Strategy Guide (TurboGrafx-16) and Advertisement and Review at TurboPlay magazine archives

1989 video games
Action-adventure games
Arcade video games
Sega Genesis games
Side-scrolling role-playing video games
Taito arcade games
TurboGrafx-16 games
Video games about ninja
Video games featuring female protagonists
Virtual Console games
Working Designs
Video games developed in Japan

Cadash


Walter Henneberger (19 May 1883, Ennenda – 15 January 1969, Zurich) was a Swiss chess master.

He was Swiss Champion in 1904, 1906 (jointly), 1911 (jointly), and 1912.
He took 16th at The Hague 1928 (World Amateur Chess Championship, Max Euwe won).
took 6th at Winterthur 1931 (SUI-ch, Aron Nimzowitsch won – off contest).

He shared 9th at Bern 1932 (Alexander Alekhine won), took 10th at Zürich 1934 (Alekhine won), took 11th at Bad Liebwerda 1934 (Salo Flohr won), and tied for 5-8th at Lucerne 1950 (SUI-ch, Hans Johner won).

He played for Switzerland in friendly matches against Yugoslavia (1949), Belgium (1950), and West Germany (1952).

References

External links

1883 births
1969 deaths
Swiss chess players

Walter Henneberger