Kin-dza-dza! () is a 1986 Soviet film released by the Mosfilm studio and directed by Georgiy Daneliya, with a story by Georgiy Daneliya and Revaz Gabriadze. It is a dystopian science-fiction black comedy, in which two male humans from Earth accidentally travel through space, meeting two aliens from the Kin-dza-dza star system and their post-apocalyptic world.

Plot
The story begins in 1980s Moscow. Vladimir Mashkov, aka Uncle Vova, a generic but gruff construction foreman, is relaxing at home after a stressful day at work. His wife asks him to buy some groceries, so Vova goes out to the nearest store. Standing right in the city centre on Kalinin Prospekt (now New Arbat Avenue), is a barefoot man, dressed in a tattered coat, who appeals to passersby with a strange request: "Tell me the number of your planet in the Tentura? Or at least the number of your galaxy in the spiral?".

Uncle Vova and a young Georgian student with a violin (The Violinist) stop and talk to the strange man. During a short conversation, the stranger shows them a teleportation device, which he calls a "traveler". Uncle Vova decides to test the veracity of the stranger's story, and despite the stranger's warnings, presses a random button on the device. Suddenly, Uncle Vova and the Violinist find themselves transported to the planet "Pluke" in the "Kin-dza-dza" galaxy.

The natives of the planet appear human, with deceptively primitive-looking technology and a barbaric culture, which satirically resembles that of humans. They are telepathic; the only spoken words normally used in their culture are "ku" (koo) and "kyu" (kyoo), the former stands for everything good, the latter being a swear word that stands for every bad thing. However, the Plukanians are able to quickly adapt to speaking and understanding Russian and Georgian.

The society of Pluke is divided into two categories: "Chatlanians" and "Patsaks" ("пацак" is a backward spelling of "кацап", a derogatory term for Russians, according to another opinion, from "пацан", "patsan" a guy). The difference is ascertained only by means of a small handheld device, the "visator", similar in appearance to a flash drive; when pointed at a member of the Chatlanian group, an orange light on the device comes on; when pointed at a member of the Patsak group, a green light comes on. It is also noted that the social differences between Patsaks and Chatlanians are not constant: Pluke being a Chatlanian planet, Chatlanians are privileged, and a system of rituals must be followed by the Patsaks to show flattery; however, there are Patsak planets where Patsaks hold the upper hand and where Chatlanians are subservient. The "visator" shows that Uncle Vova and the Violinist are Patsaks.

The only group allowed to use weapons ("tranklucators") and enforce their will are the "ecilopps" ("police" spelled backwards). Outside being a Patsak or Chatlanin, respect towards others is determined by the color of their pants; different shades require those of lower social standing to "ku" at them a predetermined number of times, displaying their submission. The nominal leader of the Plukanian society is Mr. P-Zh; everybody makes their best to display fervent worship to him and disrespect is severely punished; however, when encountered in person, P-Zh appears harmless and dumb. The fuel of Pluke is called "luts" and is made from water. All naturally present water has apparently been processed into luts, so drinking water is a valuable commodity (in fact, it can only be made from luts).

A good deal of the plot is based on the fact that ordinary wooden matchsticks ("ketse") are considered to be extremely valuable on Pluke. Uncle Vova and the Violinist meet two locals, Uef and Bi, who at various points either help or abandon the Earthling duo in their quest to return to Earth, which at various times involves repairing Uef and Bi's ship or raiding P-Zh's private compound.

Uncle Vova and the Violinist finally encounter the man from the film's beginning, but he disappears, making it uncertain if he took them with him. The film then jumps back to the very beginning. As Uncle Vova heads outside, however, there is no man at the city center; furthermore, when he runs into the Violinist there, they do not recognize each other. Suddenly, a passing tractor with a flashing, orange light reminds them of the "ecilopps", and they both reflexively squat and say, "ku!", as it was required on Pluke. They immediately recognize each other. Uncle Vova, looking at the sky, hears the sound of a song performed by the Uef and Bi.

Cast (in order of appearance)

Stanislav Lyubshin as Vladimir Nikolayevitch Mashkov ("Uncle Vova")
Galina Daneliya-Yurkova as Lucya, Mashkov's wife
Levan Gabriadze as Gedevan Alexandrovitch Alexidze ("Fiddler")
Anatoli Serenko as the Barefoot Wanderer from Uzm
Yury Yakovlev as Bi the Patsak, a wandering singer
Yevgeny Leonov as Uef the Chatlanian, a wandering singer
Igor Khan as the one-handed smuggler
Alexander Litovkin as the gang leader
Valentin Bukin as black-moustached ecilop in an egg-shaped pepelats, demonstrating how a tranklucator works
Irina Shmelyova as Tsan, the cart driver (tachanka-driving woman, a wandering singer and dancer)
Lev Perfilov as Kyrr, the dissident Chatlanian with a tranklucator
Nina Ruslanova as Galina Borisovna, the vice-dean
Yuri Voronkov as bearded Chatlanian, leader of the "Children of the Sun" sect (later seen in the subway train, pretending to be a Patsak)
Olesya Ivanova as cage-banging white sectarian woman
Lyudmila Solodenko as sand-throwing black sectarian girl
Vitali Leonov as Shorty (from the sect)
Nikolai Garo as Mr. P-Zh
Igor Bogolyubov as Mr. P-Zh's personal Patsak and grey-moustached elderly ecilop in an egg-shaped pepelats, who will want "40 chatles" and "immediately press the kappa" in a later scene
Victor Marenkov as Patsak, wearing a coil pipe for a mask and working as watchman
Yelena Mashkova-Sulakadze as watchman's wife (redheaded Patsak woman in the trapdoor)
Gennady B.Ivanov as black ecilop, guarding the underground communications
Aleksandra Dorokhina as colossal Chatlanian woman, working as attendant in the subway station
Victor Makhmutov as the red-headed Chatlanian
Vladimir Fyodorov as Mr. Yellow Pants
 Yelena Antonova as Mr. Yellow Pants' girlfriend
Tatyana Novitskaya as an employee in the planetarium
Yuri Naumtsev as the judge
Gennady Yalovich as secret agent
Veronica Izotova as the gang leader's female Chatlanian slave, wearing a collar
Vladimir Razumovsky as ecilop with muzzles
Nina Ter-Osipian as Mr. P-Zh's noble mother
Harri Schweitz as Mr. P-Zh's 1st bodyguard (bearded fat man)
Valentin Golubenko as Mr. P-Zh's 2nd bodyguard (long-nosed power man)
Oleg Matveyev as Mr. P-Zh's 3rd bodyguard (young man wearing gloves)
Olga Mashnaya as Dekont (from the planet Alpha)
Georgiy Daneliya as Abradox (from the planet Alpha)
 Varvara Vladimirova as young Alphian mother
 Anya Andriyanova as little blonde Alphian girl

Plukanian language
Since Plukanians are depicted as telepathic in the movie, they use very few spoken words to communicate. These include:
 Ketse (pronounced "keh-tseh", emphasis on the second syllable) – substance from match heads;
 Chatl – a currency unit;
 Tsak – a small bell worn on the nose to indicate the low social status of the wearer;
 Tentura and Antitentura – two opposite parts of the Universe. Some planets and galaxies exist in Tentura (including Earth, number 013 in the Tentura, seventh in Spiral) and some in Antitentura;
 Pepelats – an interplanetary spacecraft (from the Georgian პეპელა p'ep'ela, "butterfly");
 Tsappa – a component for different machines. A "big tsappa" is a very important component for the pepelats. A "small tsapa" is a component for the gravitsappa; without the small tsappa, a gravitsappa will not work. Described as being similar to a very rusty screwnut;
 Gravitsappa – a component for the pepelats which allows intergalactic travel (from "gravity" + "tsappa");
 Tranklucator – a weapon;
 Visator – a compact device which detects difference between Patsaks and Chatlanians;
 Kappa – any trigger;
 Luts – the fuel used by the pepelats, originally made of water;
 Chatlanian – a being with a high social status (detected as "orange" on a visator);
 Patsak – a being with a low social status (detected as "green" on a visator);
 Ecilopp – a policeman (from the English word "police" spoken backwards);
 Etsikh – a box for prisoners, also the imprisonment in such box (as a penalty), and also a jail with many such boxes (the word "etsikh" is from the Georgian ციხე tsikhe, "prison"). A harsher version is "etsikh with nails".
 Kyu – a socially-acceptable profanitу;
 Ku (pronounced "koo") – every single other word.

Release
The movie has been released on DVD in Russia, but has gained virtually no notice elsewhere, with the exception of Japan. This is largely due to the fact that there was no official release of the movie with English subtitles for a long time. While the movie was in the making, a censorship threat emerged, due to the use of the word "Ku" (Koo) which sounded like the initials "K.U.", referring to the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR at the time, K.U. Chernenko. Chernenko had assumed the Party leadership in 1984, but died in 1985, which resolved the issue.

In 2005, RUSCICO (Russian Cinema Council) released a version with the original Russian sound and additional English and French dubbing. It also has subtitles in English and other languages.

In 2013, a digitally-restored Blu-ray version was released.

The film is available with English subtitles on YouTube, via Mosfilm.

Critical response
Thirty years after its original release, Little White Lies magazine described Kin-dza-dza! as "Mad Max meets Monty Python by way of Tarkovsky" and said it had remained relevant to audiences. Russia Beyond agreed that the film was still well-loved by Russians in 2016.

On 1 December 2016, Google celebrated the 30th anniversary of Kin-Dza-Dza! with a Google Doodle.

Animated remake

In 2013, Daneliya released an animated remake of the film, named Ku! Kin-dza-dza! (). The animated version was based on the plot of the original film, but was targeted more towards children and international audiences. It had a budget of 140 million rubles. Ku! Kin-dza-dza! won Best Animated Feature Film in the 2013 Asia Pacific Screen Awards. The animated remake is mainly a traditionally-animated (drawn-by-hand) feature film, with some computer animation.

References

Further reading

External links

1986 films
1980s science fiction comedy-drama films
1980s dystopian films
1986 black comedy films
Mosfilm films
Films directed by Georgiy Daneliya
Films set in the 1980s
Films set in Moscow
Films set in the Soviet Union
Films shot in Moscow
Films shot in Turkmenistan
Films shot in Yaroslavl Oblast
1980s Russian-language films
Georgian-language films
Fictional-language films
Russian black comedy films
Soviet black comedy films
Soviet science fiction comedy-drama films
Russian science fiction comedy-drama films
Russian dystopian films
Steampunk films
1986 multilingual films
Soviet multilingual films
Teleportation in films
Films set on fictional planets
Films about telepathy
Films about violins and violinists

Kin-dza-dza!


Sir Charles Wolseley, 2nd Baronet (c. 1630 – 9 October 1714), of Wolseley in Staffordshire, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1653 and 1660. He held high office during the Commonwealth.

Life
Wolseley was the eldest son of Sir Robert Wolseley, who had been created a baronet by Charles I in 1628, and succeeded to the baronetcy on 21 September 1646. He entered Parliament as Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire in the nominated Barebones Parliament of 1653, and on the establishment of the Protectorate later the same year was appointed to the Council of State. He was subsequently elected for Staffordshire in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate. In 1658, he was appointed to Cromwell's new Upper House. He represented Stafford in the Convention Parliament of 1660, and was pardoned at the Restoration. Thereafter he retired from public life, but published a number of pamphlets on ecclesiastical matters.

In 1685, Wolseley was arrested on suspicion of complicity in Monmouth's Rebellion, but was subsequently released.

He was buried in Westminster Abbey, and, unlike many of his contemporaries, not disinterred after the reformation. Dean Stanley describes his earthen grave in the southern portion of the Montpensier chapel.

Family
Wolseley married Ann Fiennes, youngest daughter of William, Viscount Saye and Sele and his wife Elizabeth Temple. They had seven sons and ten daughters:
 Robert Wolseley (died 1697), Envoy-Extraordinary to the Governor General of the Spanish Netherlands, died unmarried
 Charles Wolseley, died without issue
 Fiennes Wolseley, died young
 Sir William Wolseley, 3rd Baronet (c. 1660–1728), who as the oldest surviving son succeeded his father
 Sir Henry Wolseley, 4th Baronet (died 1730)
 Captain Richard Wolseley, father of Sir William Wolseley, 5th Baronet
 James Wolseley
 Elizabeth, who married Robert Somervile and was the mother of the poet William Somervile
 Mary, who married Richard Edwards
 Anne, who married John Berry
 Dorothy
 Bridget
 Penelope, died young
 Susan, who married Charles Wedgwood
 Penelope
 Frances
 Constance

References

 Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
 Edward Kimber and Richard Johnson, The Baronetage of England (London, 1771)
 Mark Noble, Memoirs of several persons and families... allied to or descended from... the Protectorate-House of Cromwell (Birmingham: Pearson & Rollason, 1784)

|-

1630 births
1714 deaths
Wolseley, Charles, 2nd Baronet
Recipients of English royal pardons
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Stafford
English MPs 1653 (Barebones)
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1660
Members of Cromwell's Other House

Sir Charles Wolseley, 2nd Baronet


Earl Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt in the County of Oxford, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1749 for Simon Harcourt, 2nd Viscount Harcourt. He was made Viscount Nuneham at the same time, also in the Peerage of Great Britain. Harcourt was the son of the Honourable Simon Harcourt and the grandson of Simon Harcourt, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, who had been created Baron Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt in the County of Oxford, on 3 September 1711, and Viscount Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt in the County of Oxford, on 24 July 1721. Both these titles were also in the Peerage of Great Britain.

The first earl fulfilled various diplomatic duties for King George II and George III as Prince of Wales and then King. In 1772, Harcourt was appointed Viceroy of Ireland. Five years later, he died at his own estate at Nuneham by falling into a well. He was succeeded by his eldest son, George, who was in turn succeeded by his younger brother, William. The titles became extinct on the latter's death in 1830 as neither brother left legitimate surviving sons of their own.

The viscountcy was revived in 1917 in favour of Lewis Vernon Harcourt. He was a descendant of the Right Reverend Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, the son of George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, by his third wife Martha Harcourt, daughter of the aforementioned Simon Harcourt, son of Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt. See Viscount Harcourt for further history of this branch of the family.

The ancient family of Harcourt held Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire from the 12th century and other later Oxfordshire seats included Cokethorpe House and Nuneham House. In addition, they held estates in Staffordshire at Ellenhall Hall and Abbey House, Ranton Priory.

Barons Harcourt (1711)
Simon Harcourt, 1st Baron Harcourt (1661–1727) (created Viscount Harcourt in 1721)

Viscounts Harcourt (1721)
Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt (1661–1727)
Hon. Simon Harcourt (1684–1720)
Simon Harcourt, 2nd Viscount Harcourt (1714–1777) (created Earl Harcourt in 1749)

Earls Harcourt (1749)
Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt (1714–1777)
George Simon Harcourt, 2nd Earl Harcourt (1736–1809)
William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt (1743–1830)

See also
Viscount Harcourt

References

Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1749
1749 establishments in Great Britain
1830 disestablishments in the United Kingdom

Earl Harcourt


The second season of Alyas Robin Hood, is a 2017 Philippine television drama series on GMA Network, premiered on August 14, 2017 replacing My Love From The Star and taking the timeslot of Mulawin vs. Ravena, and concluded on November 24, 2017, with a total of 75 episodes. It was replaced by Kambal, Karibal on its timeslot.

Plot
After the death of Sarri, the story of the main hero will continue to unfold about Judy and her kidnappers; as Pepe saves his mother, he unravel the truths about a new rebellion, about his real identity, and a new journey and missions of solving conspiracies along with Venus, the love of his life before their grand wedding of the century.

Cast and characters

Main cast
Dingdong Dantes as Atty. Jose Paulo "Pepe" de Jesus Jr./Atty. Jose Paulo Albano/Alyas Robin Hood
Andrea Torres as Venus Torralba/Felicidad/Marla/Aphrodite Mendoza
Ruru Madrid as Andres Silang/Yoyo Boy
Solenn Heussaff as Iris Rebecca Lizeralde

Supporting cast

Remaining
Jaclyn Jose as Kapitana Judy de Jesus/Lola SadAko/Victorina Deogracia y Villadolid
Rey "PJ" Abellana as Leandro Torralba
Gio Alvarez as Jericho "Jekjek" Sumilang
Paolo Contis as Senior Inspector Daniel Acosta
Rob Moya as SPO2 Alex Cruz
Antonette Garcia as Frida
Luri Vincent Nalus as Junjun
Prince Villanueva as Rex

Additional
Edu Manzano as Governor Emilio Albano
Jay Manalo as Pablo Rodrigo
KC Montero as SPO2 Rigor Morales
Super Tekla as Yvonne Lady
Kiel Rodriguez as SPO4 Brix Sandoval
Rodjun Cruz as SPO2 Miguel Chua
Geleen Eugenio as Yaya Chona
Kenken Nuyad as Totoy Bingo
Rochelle Pangilinan as Diana dela Vega

Flashback Appearances
Sid Lucero as Dean Balbuena
Cherie Gil as Margarita "Maggie" Balbuena
Christopher de Leon as Jose Paulo  de Jesus, Sr.
Megan Young as Dr. Sarri Acosta
Tanya Gomez as Kapitana Adelita Mayuga

Guest stars
Empress Schuck as young Judy de Jesus
Gab de Leon as young Jose Paulo de Jesus Sr.
Arkin del Rosario as young Governor Emilio Albano
Hiro Peralta as Miguel Rodrigo
Ina Feleo as Rosetta Rodrigo
Elle Ramirez as Reporter Susan Meneses
Stephanie Sol as Rhodora
Tess Bomb Maranon as Eloisa
Jason Francisco as Matias
Lharby Policarpio as Gerald
Ces Aldaba as Judge
Crispin Pineda as Priest
Joshua Zamora as Benjo
Norman King as Abog
Lou Veloso as Tanglaw
Denise Barbacena as Prisoner 1
Arny Ross as Prisoner 2
Mara Alberto as Prisoner 3
Sheena Halili as Lily
Phytos Ramirez as Kevin
Kevin Sagra as Patrick
Karlo Duterte as Jason
Gabby Eigenmann as Doc Gabriel
Lotlot de Leon as Sionnie
Anette Samin as Missing child
Kiko Estrada as Iking
Mikee Quintos as Marya
Joe Gruta as Lolo Marcelino
Banjo Romero as Gusting
Dindo Arroyo as Boss Pacquito Domingo

Former cast

Supporting
Lindsay de Vera as Lizzy de Jesus
Dave Bornea as Julian Balbuena
Gary Estrada as Carlos "Caloy" de Jesus

Episodes

Production

Timeslot changes
It premiered on August 14, 2017 on the 7:45 PM slot, and GMA-7, the network behind the show, moved Mulawin vs. Ravena on the 8:30 PM slot. On September 18, 2017, following Super Ma'am's premiere, the network put it back on its original 8:30 PM slot.

References

2017 Philippine television seasons

Alyas Robin Hood (season 2)


In geometry, Brianchon's theorem is a theorem stating that when a hexagon is circumscribed around a conic section, its principal diagonals (those connecting opposite vertices) meet in a single point. It is named after Charles Julien Brianchon (1783–1864).

Formal statement
Let  be a hexagon formed by six tangent lines of a conic section. Then lines   (extended diagonals each connecting opposite vertices) intersect at a single point , the Brianchon point.

Connection to Pascal's theorem
The polar reciprocal and projective dual of this theorem give Pascal's theorem.

Degenerations

As for Pascal's theorem there exist degenerations for Brianchon's theorem, too: Let coincide two neighbored tangents. Their point of intersection becomes a point of the conic. In the diagram three pairs of neighbored tangents coincide. This procedure results in a statement on inellipses of triangles. From a projective point of view the two triangles  and  lie perspectively with center . That means there exists a central collineation, which maps the one onto the other triangle. But only in special cases this collineation is an affine scaling. For example for a Steiner inellipse, where the Brianchon point is the centroid.

In the affine plane
Brianchon's theorem is true in both the affine plane and the real projective plane.  However, its statement in the affine plane is in a sense less informative and more complicated than that in the projective plane.  Consider, for example, five tangent lines to a parabola.  These may be considered sides of a hexagon whose sixth side is the line at infinity, but there is no line at infinity in the affine plane.  In two instances, a line from a (non-existent) vertex to the opposite vertex would be a line parallel to one of the five tangent lines.  Brianchon's theorem stated only for the affine plane would therefore have to be stated differently in such a situation.

The projective dual of Brianchon's theorem has exceptions in the affine plane but not in the projective plane.

Proof
Brianchon's theorem can be proved by the idea of radical axis or reciprocation.
To prove it take an arbitrary length (MN) and carry it on the tangents starting from the contact points: PL = RJ = QH = MN etc. Draw circles a, b, c tangent to opposite sides of the hexagon at the created points (H,W), (J,V) and (L,Y) respectively. One sees easily that the concurring lines coincide with the radical axes ab, bc, ca resepectively, of the three circles taken in pairs. Thus O coincides with the radical center of these three circles.

The theorem takes particular forms in the case of circumscriptible pentagons e.g. when R and Q tend to coincide with F, a case where AFE is transformed to the tangent at F. Then, taking a further similar identification of points T,C and U, we obtain a corresponding theorem for quadrangles.

See also

 Seven circles theorem
 Pascal's theorem

References

Conic sections
Theorems in projective geometry
Euclidean plane geometry
Theorems about polygons

Brianchon's theorem


François Cacault (1742, Nantes – 10 October 1805, Clisson) was a French diplomat of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.

Life
François's father was a master artist in faience, road engineer and designer of a 1775 map of Nantes which served as the basis for plans to embellish the town. François began his career by training at the Ecole militaire in Paris, where he was made professor of fortifications in 1764 and inspector of studies in 1766. He resigned in 1769 and, forced into exile following a duel, travelled around Europe and got to know its artistic and literary circles. In 1775 he became the secretary of marshal d'Aubeterre, governor of Brittany, following him to Italy in 1785. Also in 1785 he began his diplomatic career as secretary to Talleyrand, then ambassador to the court of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in Naples. In 1788 and 1791, he took on the duties of a chargé d'affaires but was recalled to France due to his meetings with anti-revolutionary émigrés. In 1793, he was sent out as France's ambassador to the Holy See but was forced by the riots of that year to sell all the lands and goods of French foundations in Rome, forcing the closure of the Académie de France there and the repatriation of its French artists. However, also in 1793, he managed to detach Tuscany from the First Coalition against France.  In 1796 Cacault became French minister in Rome to oversee the implementation of the Armistice of Bologna.

On 10 February 1797 he was the second French signatory of the Treaty of Tolentino, at Bonaparte's side as French chargé d'affaires in Italy. On 27 germinal year VI (16 April 1798), he was elected as député for Loire-Inférieure to the Council of Five Hundred. After the 18 brumaire coup d'état, Cacault rallied to Napoleon and on 4 nivôse year VIII (25 December 1799) entered the Corps législatif as député for Loire-Inférieure. He was then one of the negotiators for the Concordat of 1801. From year IX (1802) to year XI (1804) he was minister plenipotentiary in Rome, before joining the Sénat conservateur on 6 germinal year XII (27 March 1804).

A friend of letters and the arts, he translated many German works into French. During his stay in Italy he bought sculptures, more than a thousand paintings and over 5,000 prints, representative of Western European art from the end of the 13th century to the start of the 19th century. Conditions were highly favourable for this collection's formation, and Cacault was probably advised by the painter-collector Jean-Baptiste Wicar. They were both present in the art market, notably with the "brocanteur" or market-dealer Corazetto in piazza Navona and amidst works seized from churches and convents by the French occupiers and the suppression between 1798 and 1802 of a ban on exporting works of art from the Papal States. François's younger brother Pierre had stayed in Clisson since 1796, and there they founded a museum that aimed to display François's collection, to contribute to the spread of good taste and beauty and to favour arts studies. This "museum-school" arose from a passion for art and witnesses to the political context which affirmed the will to make all works of art accessible, within an ideal of artistic education. The Cacault collection was bought in 1801 by the town of Nantes, forming the foundation of the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes.

Notes

External links and sources

 The life of François Cacault
 Biography

1742 births
1805 deaths
Diplomats from Nantes
Ambassadors of France to the Kingdom of Naples
Ambassadors of France to the Holy See
French art collectors
Translators to French
Translators from German
Members of the Sénat conservateur
Members of the Corps législatif
Members of the Council of Five Hundred
18th-century French diplomats
19th-century French diplomats

François Cacault


Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was the first daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was also the sister of Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King.

Yolanda's father was killed when she was only 12 years old. On April 4, 1968, the day that he was killed, her mother got a phone call from Jesse Jackson. Yolanda was the only one of her four brothers and sisters to realize that their father had been killed. She went to his funeral and tried to act like her mother after that. She graduated from her high school when she was 16 years old.

She got bullied when she went to Smith College because she was her father's daughter, and did not know how to deal with the issue. She got over the bullying by reading his books and started thinking he was correct on his views when he was alive. After finishing her first year at the college, she went back home and at that point her grandmother Alberta Williams King was shot and killed.

She died on May 15, 2007 after talking to her brother Dexter and falling in his home due to a heart disease.

References

1955 births
2007 deaths
African-American people
People from Montgomery, Alabama

Yolanda Denise King


The VELO Sports Center is a velodrome located in Carson, California, United States. It is currently the only cycling track of its kind located in the United States. Formerly known as the ADT Event Center or LA Velodrome, it opened in 2004 on the California State University, Dominguez Hills Campus, part of the Dignity Health Sports Park complex. The facility is owned and operated by Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG).

The track has hosted the 2004 UCI Junior Track World Championships, 2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, 2006-2008 UCI Track Cycling World Cups, and 2012 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships. It will host the 2028 Summer Olympics' Cycling competitions. The Official Olympic and Paralympic Training Site is home to USA Cycling's national track cycling program, as well as for cyclists of all ages and ability levels year-round. It was the home of the Canadian Cycling Association's national track cycling program.

About the velodrome
The current indoor velodrome was built in 2004. The $15 million, multi-use facility was designed by Rossetti Architects with structural engineer John A Martin & Associates. It is a track at  per lap that is  wide, and has 45 degree banks. It is made of approximately  of Siberian pine, and seats approximately 2,500 spectators. The VELO Sports Center is always kept at , and 50% humidity.

The track is open to all ages and ability levels, and encourages riders of all levels to try riding the track. Everyone who rides the velodrome must be track certified. The VELO Sports Center certifies riders on Saturday mornings at 10:30.

Olympic legacy

Original venue and 1984 Summer Olympics
The VELO Sports Center is built just a few hundred meters south of the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics Velodromesite, which stood where the soccer stadium is now built at Dignity Health Sports Park.

On February 4, 1981, California State University Dominguez Hills was selected as the site of the Olympic velodrome. CSU Dominguez Hills President Don Gerth was eager to include the university in the '84 Olympics. When Olympic Organizing Committee Chair Peter Ueberroth asked Gerth if he would like to have the Olympic velodrome, he replied, "We'll take it. What's a velodrome?"

On July 9, 1981, construction began on the Olympic velodrome, and it was completed on time and under budget prior to the 8 July 1982 dedication and 7-Eleven/Bicycling Magazine Grand Prix on July 9-10th, 1982. The 7-Eleven velodrome was one of only three permanent facilities built specifically for the 1984 Olympic Games. The track was  in length,  wide, banked at 33 degrees in the turns, 9 degrees on the straights, and was made of concrete. Prior to the Games, the track experienced small hairline cracks. These were fixed by an epoxy injection system and series of grinding to reduce bumps common to concrete tracks, and the track was coated with polyurethane prior to the Olympics for the fastest possible surface. Riders said the track was "smooth but sticky." Permanent stands were built to accommodate 2,000 spectators, but with temporary seating additions capacity for the Games was between 6,400 and 8,000. The Los Angeles developer and contractor Stolte Inc. built the velodrome for $3 million. Prior to the Games, the Olympic velodrome was one of the most requested venues for tours.

The 1984 Games was perhaps the most successful in USA Cycling history. It was also the first Olympics to have Women's Cycling. The LAOOC petitioned for Women's Individual Sprint and Pursuit events, but the requests were denied by the IOC. Connie Carpenter-Phinney and Rebecca Twigg took the Gold and Silver Medals in the 45 women field in the Individual road race, the first in Olympic history. On the track, Mark Gorski won the Individual Sprint Gold over 'The Cheetah' Nelson Vails in the all USA Final, and Steve Hegg won the 4000m Individual Pursuit. Altogether the US won a record 9 medals in cycling events. After the Games it was revealed 1/3 of the US team received blood transfusions before the event, which was still 1 year before it was banned by the IOC.

2028 Summer Olympics
During the 2028 Summer Olympics, the VELO Sports Center will host indoor track cycling as well as the fencing portion of Modern Pentathlon.

Other uses
The VELO Sports Center is a multi-use facility that has hosted volleyball and basketball tournaments, Taekwondo Tournaments, and most recently the 2013 CrossFit Games. It is also the home of ERO-Sports, a world leader in bike fitting and aerodynamics testing. Using the new Track Aero System developed by Montreal-based company Alphamantis, ERO-Sports has effectively brought wind tunnel testing into the real world on the velodrome.

See also
List of cycling tracks and velodromes

References

External links
dignityhealthsportspark.com: official VELO Sports Center website

Velodromes in California

Sports venues in Carson, California

Anschutz Corporation
Indoor arenas in California
2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
Sports venues completed in 2004
2004 establishments in California
California State University, Dominguez Hills
Venues of the 2028 Summer Olympics
Olympic cycling venues
Olympic modern pentathlon venues
Velodromes in the United States

VELO Sports Center


Sulemanki Headworks is a headworks on the River Sutlej near Okara, in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Sulemanki Headworks is used for irrigation and flood control.

Sulemanki Headworks is part of the Sutlej Valley Project. Jointly developed at the behest of the Nawab of Bahawalpur, Amir Sadiq Mohammed Khan V and the British Government, it was opened on 12 April 1926. It was an irrigation scheme to develop the neighbouring areas.

In 1961, To settle the border, India transferred 12 villages to Pakistan near Sulemanki Headworks in exchange for Hussainiwala village.

More specifically, the construction of the Pakpattan Canal took place in British Punjab in 1925 to on the right bank of the Sulemanki Headworks. This was undertaken to develop the Nilli bar colony in the south of Punjab. After the partition of British India, the left bank side of the Sulemanki Headworks became part of India which was later in 1961 transferred to Pakistan in exchange for right bank area of Hussainiwala headworks.

This headworks is located about  from the Indian border on the Sutlej River. From here originate three major canals which supply irrigation water to a large area in Southern Punjab and the Bahawalnagar district. The Upper Pakpattan Canal arises from its right bank and two canals arise from the left. The canals on the left bank are Fordwah and Eastern Sadiqia Canal. The latter canal runs along the Pakistan-India border. After  at Jalwala headworks, Eastern Sadiqia Canal trifurcates into Sirajwah distributary, Malik Branch Canal and Hakara Branch Canal. Hakara branch runs in a southwesterly direction for another  and is at few places it is a few meters from the Indian border. According to Pakistan army it provides a major defensive landmark against any possible Indian intrusion. Therefore, it is of a significant strategic importance.

About  upriver from the Sulemanki Headworks the Baloki-Sulemanki Link Canal has its outfall connecting the Ravi River to the Sutlej River and thus offsetting the loss of water to India as agreed upon in Indus Basin Water Treaty of 1960. According to that treaty, three Eastern rivers, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas are allocated for the exclusive use of India before they enter Pakistan.

In accordance with the popularity of Retreat Ceremony at other Indo-Pakistan border crossings such as at Wagah and Hussainiwala near Lahore, a smaller ceremony also takes place here at the check point Sadki by Pakistan Rangers and Indian Border Security Force. It attracts a sizable number of tourists on both sides.

In fact the small hilltop Pakistani check point of Sadki was transferred to the Pakistani control by India by a treaty signed on January 17, 1961. Pakistan needed to have border adjustments for efficient operation of the Headworks which was not possible otherwise. In return Pakistan ceded a part of its territory to India. That territory in itself is noteworthy for the memorial constructed in memory of Bhaghat Singh, a freedom fighter who was executed by the colonial British government.

Major Shabbir Sharif, a Pakistani officer, the elder brother of General Raheel Sharif, former Chief of Pakistan Army Staff was martyred in Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in this border region. He was posthumously awarded Nishan-Haider, the highest Pakistani military honor for bravery.

See also
 List of barrages and headworks in Pakistan
 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan

References

Irrigation in Pakistan
Dams on the Sutlej River
Dams in Pakistan

Sulemanki Headworks


ST-1 is a communications satellite owned by Singapore Telecom and Taiwan's Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. It was placed launched on 25 August 1998, by an Ariane 4 rocket. The two companies jointly operate the spacecraft from control centres located in Seletar, Singapore and Taipei, Taiwan, respectively.

ST-1 carries 16 high-power  transponders and 14 medium-power C-band transponders. Weighing over 3,000 kg (6,600 lb.) at launch, ST-1 generates more than 6,500 Watts of electrical power. The satellite's broad C-band coverage beam extends from the Middle East to Japan, including all of Southeast Asia.

ST-1 also features two Ku-band spot beams: a "K1" beam that stretches from Taiwan to Singapore and from Indonesia to Malaysia and a "K2" beam centred over the Indian subcontinent. The ST-1 satellite currently delivers telephony, digital DTH broadcasting, VSAT and other business services throughout the region.

Singapore Telecom and Taiwan's Chunghwa Telecom Company are currently operating the replacement satellite ST-2 after ST-1 has reached its mission duration in 2011.

References

Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 1998
First artificial satellites of a country
Singapore–Taiwan relations
Satellites using the Eurostar bus

ST-1


Alexandre Ruiz (born 24 March 1987) is a professional rugby union referee who represents the French Rugby Federation. He is a regular appointment at Top 14 and has recently joined the top level of European Rugby.

Referee career
Ruiz started officiating in 2006 at the age of 19 and quickly went through the ranks in France. By 2010 he was a referee at Rugby Pro D2 level, the second tier of club rugby in France, before earning assistant referee roles at Top 14 level in 2011. In March 2012, Ruiz made his World Sevens Series debut, debuting during the 2012 Hong Kong Sevens. He remained on the panel for the rest of that season and became a regular appointment from the 2012–13 season onward.

In January 2013, Ruiz made his Top 14 debut, taking charge of Stade Montois's home game against Toulouse. That same year, he was selected to officiate in the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Russia. In late 2013, he made his European debut, refereeing Mogliano against Bath in the 2013–14 European Challenge Cup. In January 2014, Ruiz became the first French referee to officiate a Pro12 match, taking charge of the Italian derby between Zebre and Benetton Treviso.

Ruiz first international match came on 22 February 2014, between Georgia and Russia during the 2012–14 European Nations Cup First Division. In June 2014, Ruiz was selected for the 2014 IRB Junior World Championship in New Zealand, which included three appointments; Ireland v Fiji, New Zealand v South Africa and the Bronze Final between Ireland and New Zealand.

In November 2014, Ruiz was appointed to three test matches as assistant referee, including two Tier 1 v Tier 1 internationals. June 2015 saw Ruiz get his first semi-final in the Top 14 - Clermont against Toulouse. This was backed up by being part of the 2015 World Rugby Nations Cup referee panel in June and the 2015 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup panel in July. This included the 5th Place play-off match between rivals United States and Canada.

In January 2016, Ruiz refereed his first Champions Cup match, taking charge of Benetton Treviso's home game against Munster during the 2015–16 European Rugby Champions Cup. A couple weeks later, Ruiz had his first Six Nations Championship appointment, acting as assistant referee to Romain Poite for England vs Ireland. During the 2016 Hong Kong Sevens in April 2016, Ruiz refereed his 100th World Series match.

In June 2016, he refereed his first test match that included a Tier 1 nation, taking charge of Canada's home clash against Italy on 26 June. After that test, he went on to referee at the 2016 Olympic games in Brazil, which included an appointment to the Bronze medal game between Japan and South Africa.

Ruiz refereed in South Africa where he refereed two Currie Cup games during September 2016.

References

1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Béziers
Rugby union players from Occitania (administrative region)
French rugby union referees

Alexandre Ruiz


La Casa Primera de Rancho San Jose is a historic adobe structure built in 1837 in Pomona, California.  It is the oldest home located in the Pomona Valley and in the old Rancho San Jose land grant.  It was declared a historic landmark in 1954 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in April 1975.

History
The Rancho San Jose was created out of land seized from the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in 1834 as part of the Mexican government's decree of secularization.  In 1837, Mexican Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted the land to Ygnacio Palomares and Ricardo Vejar.  The Rancho, covering  to  and much of eastern Los Angeles County, was operated by Palomares and Vejar as a sheep and cattle ranch.

After receiving the land grant, Palomares built his initial adobe homestead in 1837 on land that is now part of Pomona.  The simple five-room adobe, which is known as the Casa Primera, was the first home in the Pomona Valley and was built in the Mexican adobe style with thick walls made of adobe brick.  Palomares and his family lived at the Casa Primera for approximately seventeen years.  Between 1850 and 1855, Palomares built a much larger adobe home for himself, known as the Ygnacio Palomares Adobe.

In 1867, Palomares' son, Francisco Palomares, moved into the Casa Primera with his wife, Lujardo Alvarado.  Francisco discovered an artesian well on the grounds of the adobe, the first such well discovered in the Pomona Valley.  The well provided an ample supply of water, allowing Francisco to plant the area with orange trees, some of which were still thriving in the 1970s.  Taking advantage of the area's water resources, Francisco and his partners also formed the Old Settlement Water Company in 1874.  Portions of an old stone-lined canal built by the water company can still be seen in the area.  Francisco Palomares lived in the Casa Primera until he died in 1882.

After Francisco's death, the Casa Primera was purchased by Dr. Benjamin S. Nichols, who also acquired the nearby La Casa Alvarado.  Nichols, who had moved to Pomona from New York, became the President of the Pomona Land and Water Company.

In 1947, Roscoe Hart purchased the property and remained the owner until 1972.  In 1972, Hart sold the Casa Primera at a public auction.  He told the Los Angeles Times that "the work of keeping it up became too much."  At that time, the home consisted of four bedrooms, two baths, a dining room, three fireplaces and a pool on .  Hoping to preserve the Casa Primera, the Historical Society of Pomona Valley raised funds to purchase the property for a price up to $80,000.  When the bidding went above $80,000, the auctioneer halted the bidding for two minutes to allow Historical Society representatives to confer.  The Historical Society ultimately placed the winning bid, purchasing the home for $85,000.  Another bidder said afterward she had been prepared to go to $100,000 but agreed not to raise the bid on learning she was bidding against the Historical Society.

After acquiring the Casa Primera, the Historical Society restored it with period furniture and opened it to the public as a historic museum. Since 1973, it has been a frequent location for traditional Mexican and Spanish folklorico celebrations, including Spanish shawl displays, music and dancing. In 1987, a celebration was held at the Casa Primera celebrating the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Rancho San Jose land grant. The celebration included Mexican dancers, strolling musicians, a parade of the descendants of early Mexican families, and a staged wedding ceremony with the principals and guests dressed in period costume.

Historic designation
The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.  The building is operated as a museum by the Historical Society of Pomona Valley.

See also
 List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles County, California
 Rancho San Jose
 Ygnacio Palomares Adobe
 La Casa Alvarado

References

External links
La Casa Primera - Pomona Historical Society

Adobe buildings and structures in California
Buildings and structures in Pomona, California
Historic house museums in California
History of Pomona, California
Houses in Los Angeles County, California
Museums in Los Angeles County, California
Houses completed in 1837
California Historical Landmarks
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles County, California
History museums in California
Pomona Valley

La Casa Primera de Rancho San Jose


John Harry Hampshire (10 February 1941 – 1 March 2017), also known as Jack Hampshire, was an English cricketer and umpire, who played eight Tests and three One Day Internationals (ODIs) for England between 1969 and 1975. He played first-class cricket for Yorkshire from 1961 to 1981, and for Derbyshire from 1982 to 1984. Overseas, he was a successful captain of Tasmania in the period before the state was included in the Sheffield Shield. He was also appointed President of Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 2016, serving until his death.

Cricket writer Colin Bateman remarked, "Hampshire thrilled English cricket supporters when he scored a century at Lord's on his Test debut – a unique achievement for an England player. An attractive middle-order stroke-player, Hampshire looked one for the future but he was dropped after one more match".

Early life
Born on 10 February 1941 in Thurnscoe, Hampshire came from a cricketing family. His father, John, played for Yorkshire in 1937. His younger brother, Alan, also played for Yorkshire in 1975.

Playing career
Hampshire made his debut for his native Yorkshire at the age of 20 in 1961, where he had a twenty-year career with the club.

Between 1969 and 1975 he played 8 Tests for England, scoring 403 runs. On his debut against the West Indies at Lord's, he made a dashing 107 and he appeared set for a glittering Test career. He was the first Englishman to score a Test hundred on debut at Lord's. Strangely, he was dropped after the next match, and faded away from the Test arena, making just half-a-dozen more Test appearances for England.

After the ousting of Geoff Boycott from the Yorkshire captaincy, Hampshire captained the club for two seasons from 1979 to 1980. The two had previously clashed, and in the last season of Boycott's captaincy, Hampshire had staged a 'go-slow' at Northampton – which cost Yorkshire a bonus point – as a protest against slow batting by his long-time rival. He left Yorkshire in 1981 during one of the county's then almost perennial bouts of civil war, and during the winter played for a Leicestershire team as a guest in Zimbabwe. In 1982 he joined Derbyshire where he stayed for three years.

Hampshire played for Tasmania for five years under the captaincy of Jack Simmons. He made his Sheffield Shield debut with Tasmania in their first season in 1977–78. He was a member of Tasmania's 1978–79 Gillette Cup-winning squad.

Hampshire was a powerful stroke maker in the middle order, especially strong off the front foot. He scored 28,059 runs in 577 first-class matches at 34.55, including 43 centuries, with a highest score of 183 not out. He added another 7,314 runs in 280 one day matches with a best of 119 at 31.12. He was a brave close fielder who took 446 catches in his first-class career. He was seen as potentially useful leg spinner, taking 7 for 52 against Glamorgan in 1963.

Umpiring career
After retiring from the playing arena, Hampshire became a county umpire in 1985. He was then appointed to the Test list in 1989, and later in 1999 he was added to the ICC panel of umpires. Hampshire stood in his first Test match as an umpire at Old Trafford during the 1989 Ashes. He remained a highly respected umpire on the first-class circuit until his retirement in 2005. He stood in 21 Tests and 20 One-day Internationals. He umpired the final of the last Benson and Hedges Cup competition in 2002 with Barry Dudleston, thirty years after having played against Dudleston in the first final of that competition held in 1972.

Coaching career
Hampshire coached Zimbabwe in its first Test against India in 1992.

Death
Hampshire died at the age of 76 on 1 March 2017, after a long illness.

See also
 List of Test cricket umpires
 List of One Day International cricket umpires

References

External links

1941 births
2017 deaths
Commonwealth XI cricketers
Cricketers who made a century on Test debut
Derbyshire cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Test cricketers
English cricketers
English Test cricket umpires
English One Day International cricket umpires
International Cavaliers cricketers
Leicestershire cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
People from Thurnscoe
Presidents of Yorkshire County Cricket Club
Cricketers from South Yorkshire
Tasmania cricketers
Yorkshire cricket captains
Yorkshire cricketers
D. B. Close's XI cricketers
D. H. Robins' XI cricketers
T. N. Pearce's XI cricketers
Young England cricketers
Coaches of the Zimbabwe national cricket team

John Hampshire


Davao City is the largest city in the province of Davao del Sur. The city serves as the regional center of Davao Region 11th, Davao has been awarded by the Department of Tourism as the "most livable city" in the Philippines in 2008, The city boasts some of the finest beaches and mountains in the country and its proximity of the Philippines 'most captivating' diving spots as well as is highest peak, Mount Apo, The City of Davao is the premiere city and hub of whole Mindanao, It is a Crown Jewel of Mindanao, King City of the South, Fruit Basket of the Philippines, Durian Capital of the Philippines and Little Japan of the Philippines.

Other websites
Official Website

Cities in the Philippines

Davao City


The Great Elephant Chase is a 1992 book children's novel by British author Gillian Cross. It won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize and the Whitbread Children's Book Award. It takes place in 1881 and follows the adventures of teenagers Tad and Cissie as they travel across America with Khush the elephant. The book is mainly written in third person narrative from Tad's point of view, but also contains epistolary segments, consisting of letters from Cissie to her friend Ketty, towards whose home they are travelling.

The novel was published in the United States as The Great American Elephant Chase by Holiday House.

Plot summary
Tad Hawkins is 15 years old and lives in the fictional Pennsylvania mining town of Markle. After his mother died in childbirth, he was taken in by his overbearing aunt, who treats him as an unpaid servant, existing only to be bossed around and humiliated by Mr Jackson, the lodger, and Esther, the hired help. Tad's life is changed when he gets caught up in a crowd on their way to see a travelling elephant show which has just arrived in town. After witnessing the "miracle cure" of a young crippled girl by the elephant keeper, he spots Esther and Mr Jackson in the crowd and hides in the elephant's trailer. Before he can escape, Khush, the elephant, is loaded into the trailer and Tad is on his way to another town. When Tad is discovered by Michael Keenan, the elephant keeper, he discovers that the cripple who was cured in Markle is in fact Keenan's younger daughter, Cissie. Keenan offers Tad a job looking after Khush to keep him from exposing the scam. Tad takes to life with Khush and the Keenans. However, Tad is not the only person to have discovered the scam. Mr Jackson and Esther are on the Keenans' tail.

A train crash kills Keenan and his eldest daughter, Olivia, on the way to Pittsburgh. Mr Jackson arrives, brandishing papers to prove that Keenan sold Khush to him for $500. Cissie, the only surviving Keenan, insists that the papers were faked and that Khush belongs to her. She, Tad and Khush set off on a journey West, towards the Nebraskan home of a friend from the travelling show, Ketty, with Mr Jackson and Esther in hot pursuit. A kind old widower helps them on their way by disguising Cissie as a boy and giving them a boat in which to sail down the Ohio River with Khush.

Khush does not take kindly to his confined quarters on the small flatboat and, a few days into their journey, pitches himself and Tad into the river. On being reunited with them, Cissie begins to reveal her heartache over the deaths of her father and sister. The three travellers find rest in a small religious community who have heard of Mr Jackson's claim of ownership. The group's elders agree to take Tad, Cissie and the elephant to the large port of Cairo if Khush shows that he wants to go with the two youths. Khush follows them into the hold of the coal barge and so they carry on along the river.

However, Khush again becomes impatient of his dark, cramped surroundings rocks the barge, forcing the Captain to make them disembark 200 miles from Cairo. After walking most of the way to the port, Tad leaves Cissie and the elephant to rest and continues ahead by himself. In Cairo, he is caught by Mr Jackson and Esther, who ply him for information and trick him into leading them to where Cissie and Khush should have been. Luckily, Cissie and the elephant have already left, spurred on by the thought of seeing Ketty in Nebraska. Tad stalls Mr Jackson and Esther and hurries to try and catch up with his friends.

Cissie secures passage for herself and Khush on a large boat and Tad, hiding on their pursuers' boat, is helped along his way by a friendly woman travelling in the same direction. When Tad sees a sign on the riverbank that Cissie and Khush have disembarked secretly, he goes ashore to meet them, leaving Esther and Mr Jackson sailing past their prey.

The friends are pleased to be reunited and Cissie assures Tad that they are now in Nebraska and near Ketty's house. However, the plains are desolate, with little water for Khush to drink and nowhere to hide from their pursuers. Khush becomes impatient and irritable as the three travellers near Ketty's home. They arrive just as Esther and Mr Jackson catch up with them and Mr Jackson asserts his claim to Khush. However, while agreeing that the papers that Mr Jackson has are not fakes, Ketty reveals that Keenan could not have sold Khush as she owns him herself. Mr Jackson petitions Ketty and her husband to sell him the elephant but, when she refuses, he and Esther eventually leave in a rage.

Cissie is upset that Khush belongs to Ketty as she had intended to sell him and give the money to Ketty so that she could remain in Nebraska with her. Tad persuades Cissie that Ketty will take her in no matter what. Ketty, seeing how much the boy and the elephant love each other, appoints Tad as Khush's keeper in exchange for a portion of the elephant's earnings.

Reception
The Great Elephant Chase has received great critical acclaim. It won the Whitbread Children's book award in 1992 and the Smarties Book Prize.

References

External links
Great Elephant Chase page on Gillian Cross' Official Website
Review on Bookbuzz
Amazon.co.uk Great Elephant Chase page
Oxford University Press Page
Journey Folki Review

1992 British novels
1992 children's books
British children's novels
Children's historical novels
Novels set in the 1880s
Novels set in the historical United States
Novels by Gillian Cross
Oxford University Press books
Children's books about elephants
Children's books set in the 1880s
Children's books set in the United States

The Great Elephant Chase


Régis Barthélemy, Baron Mouton-Duvernet (3 May 1771 - 27 July 1816) was a French general who after the Hundred Days was executed by the Bourbon restoration.

Born in Puy-en-Velay in 1771 Mouton-Duvernet entered the French army in 1785. Having served in the colonies, mainly in Guadeloupe, upon the outbreak of the French revolution he served in the Siege of Toulon. Mouton-Duvernet later served in the Italian campaign and distinguished himself at Arcole. Having been promoted to colonel and given command of the 63rd Infantry Regiment, Mouton-Duvernet served in Spain. Having been ennobled a baron in 1808, he was promoted to general de brigade in July 1811 and general de division in August 1813. After the siege of Dresden he became prisoner of war. Serving as governor of Valence, upon Napoleon's return in 1815 Mouton-Duvernet rallied to the emperor, serving in the Chamber of Deputies as a representative for the Haut-Loire. Opposing the return of the Bourbons, he was made governor of Lyon on 2 July 1815.

Upon the return of the Bourbons, he was declared a traitor by the Royal Ordinance of 24 July 1815, and he tried to hide but was arrested and tried by court-martial, which sentenced him to death on 25 July 1816. Mouton-Duvernet was executed by firing squad on 27 July 1816 in Lyon.

A street and a metro station in Paris are named in remembrance of the general.

His name is inscribed on the western pillar of the Arc de Triomphe.

References
« Régis Barthélemy Mouton-Duvernet », in Charles Mullié, Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850, 1852

1770 births
1816 deaths
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
People executed by France by firing squad
People executed for treason against France
People executed by the Bourbon dynasty of the Kingdom of France
Executed military leaders
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
People from Le Puy-en-Velay

Régis Barthélemy Mouton-Duvernet


Moldova's constitution provides for freedom of religion and complete separation of church and state, though the constitution cites the "exceptional importance" of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Discrimination on the basis of religious affiliation is illegal, and incitement to religious and ethnic hatred was made illegal in May 2022. Religion in Moldova is dominated by the Eastern Orthodox branch of Christianity. According to the 2014 Moldovan census, 90 per cent of the country reported to be of the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith. Of this number, around eighty to 90 per cent of Orthodox Moldovans belong to the Moldovan Orthodox Church (formally known as Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova) which is subordinate to the Russian Orthodox Church, and has played a powerful role in deepening Russia's influence in Moldova. The remaining 10–20 per cent of Orthodox Moldovans belong to the Metropolis of Bessarabia, which is subordinate to the Romanian Orthodox Church.

Of the non-Orthodox population of Moldova, the United States Department of State estimates that as of 2022 approximately seven per cent identify with no religion; Baptists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Pentecostals number between 15,000-30,000 each; the Jewish Community of the Republic of Moldova organisation estimates the Jewish population to be approximately 20,000; and the Islamic League of Moldova (an NGO recognised by the Moldovan Ministry of Justice in 2011 as representing Moldovan Muslims) estimates the number of Muslims to be between 15,000–17,000. There are six synagogues in Chișinău, one in Orhei, one in Soroca, and one in Tiraspol, and one mosque in Chișinău. The remaining less than five per cent of the Moldovan population are Seventh-day Adventists, Evangelical Christians, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and atheists. The Transnistrian authorities estimate that 80 per cent of the population belong to the Moldovan Orthodox Church.

The 1992 Law on Religions, which codifies religious freedoms, contains restrictions that inhibit the activities of unregistered religious groups. Although the law was amended in 2002, many of the restrictions remain in place. The law provides for freedom of religious practice, including each person's right to profess his or her religion in any form. It also protects the confidentiality of the confessional, allows denominations to establish associations and foundations, and states that the Government may not interfere in the religious activities of denominations. The law specifies that "to organize and function", religious organizations must be registered with the Government, and unregistered groups may not own property, engage employees, or obtain space in public cemeteries in their own names.

Christianity

Eastern Orthodox Church

The primary religion is Christianity, 90.1 per cent of the population nominally being Eastern Orthodox according to data of the 2014 census. Administratively, there are two autonomous churches belonging to two autocephalous churches (Russian and Romanian) within the Eastern Orthodox communion. The autonomous Metropolis of Chişinău and Moldova (belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church), according to the State Service on Religious Issues, has 1,194 parishes; the autonomous Metropolis of Bessarabia (belonging to the Romanian Orthodox Church) has 124 parishes. Besides followers of the Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church (Old Believers) make up approximately 0.09 per cent of the population.
During the 2004 census, 93.34 per cent of the population declared themselves to be Eastern Orthodox. 80–90 per cent of Orthodox Moldovans belong to the Moldovan Orthodox Church (formally known as Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova) which is subordinate to the Russian Orthodox Church, and has played a powerful role in deepening Russia's influence in Moldova. The remaining 10–20 per cent of Orthodox Moldovans belong to the Metropolis of Bessarabia, which is subordinate to the Romanian Orthodox Church.

The religious traditions of Eastern Orthodoxy are entwined with the culture and patrimony of the country. Many self-professed atheists routinely celebrate religious holidays, cross themselves, and even light candles and kiss icons if local tradition and the occasion demand.

Catholic Church

Moldova forms a single diocese, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chişinău. It is not part of any ecclesiastical province, and therefore depends directly upon the Holy See for Metropolitan authority. About 0.5 per cent of Moldovans adhere to the Catholic faith.

Other denominations
There are also a growing number of Seventh-day Adventists, Evangelical Christians, and Lutherans. Baptists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Pentecostals number between 15,000-30,000 each. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) has two congregations in the country, and a combined total of approximately 455 members.

Judaism

Judaism is a minority religion in Moldova, but Jews have lived in the region since the 1st century BCE when Roman Jews lived in the cities of the province of Lower Moesia. Bessarabian Jews have been living in the area for some time. Between the 4th-7th centuries CE, Moldova was part of an important trading route between Asia and Europe, and bordered the Khazar Khaganate, where Judaism was the state religion. Prior to the Second World War, violent antisemitic movements across the Bessarabian region badly affected the region's Jewish population. In the 1930s and 40s, under the Romanian governments of Octavian Goga and Ion Antonescu, government-directed pogroms and mass deportations led to the concentration and extermination of Jewish citizens followed, leading to the extermination of between 45,000-60,000 Jews across Bessarabia. The total number of Romanian and Ukrainian Jews who perished in territories under Romanian administration is between 280,000 and 380,000.

Today, the Jewish community in Moldova has been revived and are primarily represented by the Jewish Community of the Republic of Moldova (JCM) organisation. The group was registered in its current form in 1997, but its roots stretch back to founding of the Union of Jewish Communities in Bessarabia on 3 November 1935. The group estimate that the total population of Moldovan Jews in 2022 to be around 20,000.

The World Jewish Congress (of which the JCM is an affiliate member) states that there has been "a widespread development of a national self-consciousness and a return to their roots by the Jews of Moldova, with Jewish identity and culture being celebrated in a number of forms". Diplomatic relations with Israel began in 1992 and the Israeli consulate is located in the capital city, Chişinău. Since 2014, Moldova has been an observer country to the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, and since 2019 has adopted the IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism for official use. The Museum of Jewish History was opened in Orhei on 30 January 2023.

Islam

The Islamic League of Moldova (Liga Islamică din Moldova) estimates that there are approximately 15,000–17,000 Muslims in Moldova. The Islamic League was registered with Moldova's Ministry of Justice in March 2011 and therefore received official government recognition of its role as a representative of Moldova's Muslim community. It is the first legally recognised Muslim association in Moldova. There is one mosque in Moldova, located in the capital city, Chişinău.

Although the Constitution of Moldova protects freedom of religion in theory, in practice Muslims in Moldova often face discrimination, especially from local government and the Orthodox Church. The municipal government of Chişinău has repeatedly refused requests by the Islamic League of Moldova "allot a plot of land for the Muslim community at the state-run cemetery", in violation of Moldovan law which "provides the right to burial space in public cemeteries for all registered religious groups. The mayoralty rejected both requests sent by the community in January and in March [2022]." Prior to the groups registration in 2011, "Drop-ins by police on worship services were regularly reported, as well as alleged harassment."

Following the 2011 recognition of the Islamic League of Moldova, the Bishop of the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova, Vladimir (Cantarean), described the formal recognition of the Muslim association as "a humiliation" for Moldova's Christians. "Other senior church officials suggested that the Muslim association will seek to "cause trouble" in Moldova." Former President of Moldova, Vladimir Voronin, also condemned the registration. Members of the Moldovan public organised a protest march in May of 2011. Attenders of the rally made Islamophobic claims that "the Muslims are like a virus. If you let in just a few they will multiply," and that "Muslims would introduce polygamy and "harems" to Moldova. And a priest named Gheorghe was quoted by local media as saying at the rally that the Muslims "are all instructed in terrorism."

Nevertheless, as of 2016, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights concluded that Muslims are "thriving" in Moldova. Following the personal involvement of United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief Heiner Bielefeldt after these protests, as well as the personal actions of Minister of Justice, Alexandru Tonase, the situation was calmed down and the protests came to an end. Veaceslav Balan, UN Human Rights Office Coordinator in Moldova said that Islamophobia is still, however, "a major challenge facing Muslims today in the country."

Attitudes towards religion
According to a survey conducted in 2014, by the Institute of Public Policy in Moldova, 80 per cent of the respondents show a high degree of trust in the Church as an institution, but 85 per cent consider that the church should remain separate from the political sphere and 76 per cent consider that the church should not become involved with governmental issues.

Also, the survey showed that 58 per cent of the respondents go to church less than once per month and ten per cent do not go at all.

Church and state
Although the Constitution declares the separation of church and state, the Moldovan Orthodox Church (Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova under the Russian Orthodox Church) is sometimes active in political debate.

In June 2010 Metropolitan Vladimir featured in the campaign advertisements of Valeriu Pasat, apparently endorsing his candidacy.

In October 2015 the same Orthodox Church leveraged its authority in a failed attempt to influence the trial of former prime minister Vlad Filat, who was accused of passive corruption and traffic of influence.

In December 2015 the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova challenged the State Tax Service of the Republic of Moldova, refusing to provide revenue reports, although religious organizations lost their tax-exempt status in 2013.

In 2016, on the eve of the first round of the presidential elections, metropolitan bishop Vladimir called on church members to cast their votes for Igor Dodon, the pro-Russian leader of the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova. A group of Moldovan clergy of the same church, headed by bishop Marchel, later called on citizens to vote for Igor Dodon in the November election runoff, stating that the Socialist candidate supported the Orthodox Church, while his competitor Maia Sandu would fight against it.

Freedom of religion
In 2022, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.

See also
Bahá'í Faith in Moldova
Catholic Church in Moldova
Eastern Orthodoxy in Moldova
Freedom of religion in Moldova
History of the Jews in Moldova
Islam in Moldova
Protestantism in Moldova
Religion by country
Slavic Neopaganism
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Moldova

References

The article is based on a 2004 public domain USDoS webpage. Breadcrumb trail: USDoS Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor > Releases > International Religious Freedom > 2004 > Europe and Eurasia > Moldova

External links

Religion in Moldova


Dominique Louis Antoine Klein (19 January 1761  –  2 November 1845) served in the French military during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars as a general of cavalry.

Initially part of the house guard at the royal residences for Louis XVI, Klein left the military in 1787. During the French Revolution, he enlisted and rose rapidly from a lieutenant to a brigadier general; he participated in the French invasion of southwestern Germany in 1796, and was part of the Army of the Danube in 1799. His cavalry played critical roles in the battles of Austerlitz and Jena and Auerstadt. Following the Prussian campaign, he retired from active service, entered politics, and performed administrative duties in Paris.

Klein served in the French Senate, and voted for Napoleon Bonapartes abdication in 1814; he did not participate in the Hundred Days and Louis XVIII of France raised him to the French peerage upon the second restoration.

Military career

Initially, Klein served in the royal house guard for the King of France, holding the prestigious position as guard of the gate. He left military service in 1787. After the French Revolution began in 1789, he rejoined the military and in 1792, he was listed as an infantry lieutenant in the Army of the North. His cavalry regiment participated in the Battle of Fleurus.

French Revolutionary Wars

By 1795, Klein was a brigadier general in the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse, where he replaced Adjutant-General Michel Ney.
Klein was appointed general of division in 1799 and crossed the Rhine at Kehl in Jean-Baptiste Jourdans Army of the Danube. He commanded the right flank of the Advance Guard, under command of François Joseph Lefebvre. His command included the 4th and 5th Hussar Regiments, the 17th Dragoons, the 1st Chasseurs à cheval, a light horse regiment, two companies of horse artillery, two of foot artillery, and a company of sappers. At the Battle of Ostrach, Klein's cavalry helped to secure the village of Hosskirch, a strategically important forward post, prior to the general engagement. After the French losses at Ostrach and the subsequent Battle of Stockach, Jourdan ordered a general withdrawal to the Black Forest. The reserve cavalry and most of Klein's division crossed the mountains and quartered near Offenburg, where their horses could find better forage. Despite the organized withdrawal and the relatively secure positions on the western side of the Black Forest, the army was in shambles. Jourdan placed his chief of staff Jean Augustin Ernouf in provisional command and went to Paris to complain about the state of his army, its equipment and its provisions. Discipline in the ranks disintegrated. Most of the divisional generals left their posts, except for Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino, Joseph Souham, Dominique Vandamme and Klein. In May, Andre Massena received overall command of both the Army of the Danube and the Army of Helvetia; Klein's column joined Massena near Zurich.

In May 1799, Klein led a cavalry division of 2,010 prior to the Battle of Winterthur. A few days later, he commanded the cavalry reserve against the Archduke Charles and the Austrian army at the First Battle of Zurich. Charles' superior numbers and position forced the French to retreat from Zurich, taking up position on the western side of the Limmat River. In September, he again commanded the cavalry reserve, the VII. Division, of 3,696 on the left (west) bank of the Aar river. He was responsible for guarding the Frick valley (Fricktal). There, as the dispositions developed for the Second Battle of Zurich on 25 September, Klein remained under direct command of Massena. Klein prepared to support either the troops of Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge or Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, on the north or south flanks respectively, as required. The Austrian assault fell hardest on Mortier, who was driven back from the strategically placed Dietikon. Klein's reserve enabled the French to retake and hold the village. This convinced the Russian commander in Zurich, Alexander Korsakov, that he should draw his troops back to the city fortifications.  Later, as Korsakoff relinquished these, the Russians executed a confused withdrawal to Constance.  In the chaos, Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan's division, supported by Klein's reserve, pressed the Coalition forces hard at the west end of Constance, by the bridge to the abbey at Petershausen. They nearly captured the Prince Condé and the Duke d'Enghien themselves. Although the French took many prisoners, including many of the Army of Condé, the French emigrant army, these prisoners were not massacred whole-sale, as had happened after earlier battles.  Klein and Mortier issued instructions, which were supported by Massena, that the émigrés be assigned Russian names—they were, after all, under Russian pay and wearing the Russian cockade in their caps—and treated with dignity; they were eventually exchanged for French officers held prisoner by the Austrians and Russians.

Returning to France after the Peace of Lunéville in 1801, Klein remained inactive for several months. In 1802 he was recalled to military service as Inspector of Cavalry. He was given command of the 1st Division of Dragoons and in 1804 was made a Grand Officer of the Legion d'honneur.

Napoleonic Wars
In 1805, Klein's division was part of the newly created VIII. Corps, under command of Édouard Mortier; the role of the Corps was to patrol and secure the northern shore of the Danube river, limiting the Austro-Russian activity. Napoleon incorrectly assumed that the Russians and the Austrians would make a stand near St. Pölten, northwest of Vienna. Klein's entire regiment of dragoons patrolled the northern Danube shore, while the rest of his division, the last in the extended line of march, was more than a day behind Maxime Gazan's lead division. Klein's division did not take part in the Battle of Dürenstein, although his dragoons were with Mortier and Gazan immediately prior to the engagement.

Klein's division was part of the decisive defeat of the Austrian and Russian force at the subsequent Battle of Austerlitz three weeks later. Initially, his dragoons, assigned to support Friant's division, occupied a position of observation on the Marchfeld. The rest of his dragoons remained near Stockerau, just to the west of Vienna, and these dragoons, plus Louis-Nicolas Davout's, François Antoine Louis Bourcier's and Marc Antoine Beaumont's divisions of dragoons, formed a cordon between Pohrlitz and Pressburg, and could move either west or east, depending on the actions of the Archduke Charles or the Russian commander Kutuzov. Consequently, Klein's dragoons, held the road between Austerlitz and Vienna, eliminating a possible Austrian retreat.

In the War of the Fourth Coalition, Klein fought in the Grande Armée under command of Joachim Murat. After the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt, Klein was with his division of dragoons in the village of Weissensee, the only escape route open to the Prussian General Blücher. Blücher was surprised to find Klein in possession of the village, but convinced him an armistice has been concluded between Prussia and Napoleon. Reports differ on the conduct of Klein and Blücher. William Milligan Sloane insists that Frederick William III of Prussia was with Blücher and that only the old general's bluff prevented the King's capture. Some historians assert that Klein believed him, and learned too late that he had been deceived. Others assert that Klein's force was too weak to resist the greater Prussian numbers. He had only 800 cavalry and Antoine Lasalle, to the west, had two regiments. Blücher had either 7,000, according to Charles Mullié, or more than 12,000 Prussian infantry, artillery and horse. Regardless, Klein and Lasalle either pragmatically maintained the fiction or fell for the ruse; Blücher and his Prussians passed through the village. Charles Mullié maintains that Klein vowed revenge; with his division, he pursued and attacked Blücher force the following day. He took 10 Prussian standards and 1,000 prisoners, including a general officer, although he did not capture Blücher. Frances Lorraine Petrie gives that credit to Soult, and so does Adolphe Thiers; furthermore, Petre maintains, Klein's dragoons were sent to guard the communications lines between Erfurt and Weimar, where several groups of Prussians had skirmished with the French rear guard.

Administrative and political duties
Following the Prussian campaign, Napoleon appointed Klein as governor of the Imperial palace. In 1807, Klein was called to the Senate. In 1808, he was raised by letters of patent to a count of the empire and awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Bavarian Lion. In 1812, he was placed in command of the recruitment and training of a cohort of the National Guard.

He remained in the Senate until April 1814, when he voted for Napoleon's abdication. In 1814, during the Bourbon Restoration, he was named  a knight of the Order of Saint Louis. He did not support Napoleon's return in the Hundred Days. In the Second Restoration, Louis XVIII raised him to the French peerage.

Family and personal life

Louis Klein was born on 25 January 1761 in Blâmont (Meurthe), in the Lorraine region. He married 7 January 1783 to Marie-Agathe Pierron, with whom he had a son Edouard Marie Arsène (17841843). Edouard had two daughters, Arsène Louise Marie, born 1820, married Mathieu Prosper Morey; and Louise Françoise Clémence, born in Hebreville, 1825, married in Paris to Henri Tollier.

In 1808, Klein divorced Pierron, with the Emperor's permission, and on 2 July of that year remarried to Caroline of Valangin-Arberg, daughter of the Countess of Arberg, a lady-in-waiting to the Empress Josephine de Beauharnais. In this marriage, he had a son, Eugene Joseph Napoleon, who was born in 1813 in Paris and died in 1872 . Louis Klein died 2 November 1845 in Paris.

Sources

Notes and citations

Bibliography
  de Genouillac, Henri Gourdon . Dictionnaire des anoblis, 1270-1868, suivi du Dictionnaire des familles. Paris, Bachelin-Deflorenne, 1875.
 Goetz, Robert. 1805: Austerlitz. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2005. ,.
 Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, A Memoir of the operations of the army of the Danube under the command of General Jourdan, taken from the manuscripts of that officer. London: Debrett, 1799.
 Kessinger, Roland. Order of Battle, Army of the Danube. Stockach: Roland Kessinger & Geert van Uythoven. Accessed 14 April 2010.
 Milligan, Sloane William. The Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. New York: Century, 1911, OCLC 10388397, Volume II.

 Petre, Francis Loraine. Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia. London, John Lane; New York, John Lane Co., 1907, OCLC 1817897.
 Phipps, Ramsay Weston. The Armies of the First French Republic. Volume 5: "The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'état of Brumaire, 1797–1799", Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939.
  Révérend, Albert (vicomte). Titres, anoblissements et pairies de la restauration 1814–1830. Paris, Chez l'auteur et chez H. Champion, 1901—06, volume 4.
  Soulié, Eudoxe; Musée national de Versailles et des Trianons. Notice des peintures et sculptures composant le Musée Impérial. Versailles: Montalant-Bougleux, 1854–1855, v. 1.
 Smith, Digby. Napoleonic Wars Databook. London: Greenhill Publishing Co., 1998, .
 Thiers, Adolphe. History of the consulate and the empire of France under Napoleon. D. Forbes Campbell and John Stebbing (trans.). London: Chatto & Windus; Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1893–1894,  OCLC 12606477, vol. 4
  LEONORE Data Base

1761 births
1845 deaths
People from Meurthe-et-Moselle
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the July Monarchy
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe

Louis Klein


The Kharan Desert () is a sandy and mountainous desert situated in Balochistan province in south-western Pakistan.

This desert was the site of Pakistan's second nuclear test, Chagai-II, which was carried out on 30 May 1998.
The land is not fit for agriculture due to low irrigation. The occupation is mainly agriculture and farming. The terrain is mainly dry, grey-brown sand that stretches out.

Alexander the Great travelled through this region. He had entered the Indus Valley from the historic Khyber Pass and after defeating Porus, in the fourth century BC, he made his way back to Babylonia and passed through the Kharan desert (It was known as Gedrosia at that time), in an attempt to compare himself against Cyrus the Great who had once passed through the desert.

See also
List of deserts of Pakistan

References

Deserts of Pakistan

Kharan Desert


Barry Edward Beckett (February 4, 1943 – June 10, 2009) was an American keyboardist, session musician, record producer, and studio founder.  He is best known for his work with David Hood, Jimmy Johnson, and Roger Hawkins, his bandmates in the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, which  performed with numerous notable artists on their studio albums and helped define the "Muscle Shoals sound".

Among the artists Beckett recorded with were Bob Dylan, Boz Scaggs, Paul Simon, Rod Stewart, Duane Allman,  Lynyrd Skynyrd, Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, Dire Straits, The Proclaimers and Phish. He was also briefly a member of the band Traffic.

Biography
Beckett was born in Birmingham, Alabama.  He rose to prominence as a member of the rhythm section at the Sheffield, Alabama-based Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, of which he was one of the founders in 1969. As a founding member of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, he helped define what became known as the Muscle Shoals sound.  In addition, the studio produced such chart-making hits as "Torn Between Two Lovers" by Mary MacGregor and the Sanford-Townsend Band's "Smoke from a Distant Fire".

In 1973, Beckett took to the road in the expanded lineup of Traffic; recordings from this tour were released on the band's live album On the Road.

Beckett was co-producing with Jerry Wexler when, in 1979, Bob Dylan called on Wexler to produce the sessions for the album Slow Train Coming.  Beckett not only co-produced the album but played piano and organ throughout. (He did not go on the road as a gospel tours musician behind Dylan, but he was back in the studio with him in February 1980 to co-produce, again with Wexler, the album Saved, on which he was replaced on keyboards by Spooner Oldham and Terry Young after the session of February 12, 1980, and so plays only on the album's title track, "Solid Rock", "What Can I Do for You?" and "Satisfied Mind". On the album liner notes Beckett is billed as co-producer and as "special guest artist".

Beckett moved to Nashville in 1982 to become A & R country music director for Warner Bros. Records and co-produced Williams, Jr.'s records with Jim Ed Norman.  Beckett produced records independently after leaving Warner Bros. Records.

He also played on Paul Simon's albums There Goes Rhymin' Simon and Still Crazy After All These Years, which reached number 1 on the Billboard 200 pop chart.Beckett died from complications of a stroke at his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee, aged 66.

Awards and honors
 In 1995, Beckett was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame as a member of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section.

 Collaborations
With Solomon Burke
 Proud Mary (Ola, 1969)

With Etta James
 Tell Mama (Cadet Records, 1968)
 Seven Year Itch (Island Records, 1988)
 Stickin' to My Guns (Island Records, 1990)
 Love's Been Rough on Me (Private Music, 1997)

With Bob Seger
 Back in '72 (Reprise Records, 1973)
 Beautiful Loser (Capitol Records, 1975)
 Night Moves (Capitol Records, 1976)
 Stranger in Town (Capitol Records, 1978)
 Against the Wind (Capitol Records, 1980)
 The Distance (Capitol Records, 1982)
 The Fire Inside (Capitol Records, 1991)

With Joan Baez
 Honest Lullaby (Portrait Records, 1979)

With Willie Nelson
 Phases and Stages (Atlantic Records, 1974)

With Feargal Sharkey
 Songs from the Mardi Gras (Virgin Records, 1991)

With William Bell
 Wow... (Stax Records, 1971)
 Phases of Reality (Stax Records, 1972)

With Julian Lennon
 Valotte (Atlantic Records, 1984)

With Cher
 3614 Jackson Highway (Atco Records, 1969)

With Vince Gill
 When I Call Your Name (MCA Records, 1989)
 Pocket Full of Gold (MCA Records, 1991)
 When Love Finds You (MCA Records, 1994)

With Kim Carnes
 Sailin' (A&M Records, 1976)

With Boz Scaggs
 Boz Scaggs (Atlantic Records, 1969)
 My Time (Columbia Records, 1972)
 Some Change (Virgin Records, 1994)

With Mary MacGregor
 Torn Between Two Lovers (Ariola Records, 1976)

With Mark Knopfler
 Golden Heart (Vertigo Records, 1996)

With John P. Hammond
 Southern Fried (Atlantic Records, 1971)

With Mavis Staples
 Mavis Staples (Volt Records, 1969)
 Only for the Lonely (Volt Records, 1970)
 Oh What a Feeling (Warner Bros. Records, 1979)

With Wilson Pickett
 Hey Jude (Atlantic Records, 1969)
 Right On (Atlantic Records, 1970)
 Don't Knock My Love (Atlantic Records, 1971)

With Paul Anka
 Feelings (United Artists Records, 1975)

With John Michael Montgomery
 What I Do the Best (Atlantic Records, 1996)

With Steve Cropper
 Night After Night (MCA Records, 1982)

With Eddie Rabbitt
 Loveline (Elektra Records, 1979)

With Dee Dee Bridgewater
 Dee Dee Bridgewater (Atlantic Records, 1976)

With Albert King
 Lovejoy (Stax Records, 1971)

With Paul Simon
 There Goes Rhymin' Simon (Columbia Records, 1973)
 Still Crazy After All These Years (Columbia Records, 1975)

With Wendy Waldman
 Gypsy Symphony (Warner Bros. Records, 1974)

With Wynonna Judd
 Wynonna (Curb Records, 1992)
 Tell Me Why (Curb Records, 1993)

With Levon Helm
 Levon Helm (ABC Records, 1978)
 Levon Helm (Capitol Records, 1982)

With Trace Adkins
 Dreamin' Out Loud (Capitol Records, 1996)

With Aretha Franklin
 This Girl's in Love with You (Atlantic Records, 1970)
 Spirit in the Dark (Atlantic Records, 1970)

With Candi Staton
 Candi (Warner Bros. Records, 1974)
 His Hands (Honest Records, 2006)

With Donovan
 Lady of the Stars (RCA Records, 1984)

With Dolly Parton
 White Limozeen (Columbia Records, 1989)

With John Prine
 Storm Windows (Asylum Records, 1980)

With Aaron Neville
 The Tattoeed Heart (A&M Records, 1995)

With Kenny Chesney
 All I Need to Know (BNA Records, 1995)
 Me and You (BNA, 1996)

With Joe Cocker
 Luxury You Can Afford (Asylum Records, 1978)

With Ronnie Hawkins
 Ronnie Hawkins (Cotillion Records, 1970)

With Lulu
 New Routes (Atlantic Records, 1970)

With Beth Nielsen Chapman
 Hearing It First (Capitol Records, 1980)

With Dion DiMucci
 Velvet and Steel (Epic Records, 1986)

With Ilse DeLange
 World of Hurt (Warner Bros. Records, 1998)

With Dion DiMucci
 Velvet and Steel (DaySpring Records, 1987)

With Chely Wright
 Woman in the Moon (Mercury Records, 1994)

With Odetta
 Odetta Sings (Polydor Records, 1970)

With Laura Nyro
 Christmas and the Beads of Sweat (Columbia Records, 1970)

With Johnny Rivers
 The Road (Atlantic Records, 1974)

With Bob Dylan
 Slow Train Coming (Columbia Records, 1979)
 Saved (Columbia Records, 1980)

With Peabo Bryson
 Peabo (Bullet Records, 1976)

With Ricky Van Shelton
 A Bridge I Didn't Burn (Columbia Records, 1993)

With J. J. Cale
 Really (A&M Records, 1972)

With Art Garfunkel
 Breakaway (Columbia Records, 1975)
 Watermark (Columbia Records, 1977)

With Rosanne Cash
 King's Record Shop (Columbia Records, 1987)

With Michael Martin Murphey
 Tonight We Ride (Warner Bros. Records, 1986)

With José Feliciano
 Sweet Soul Music (Private Stock Records, 1976)

With Cat Stevens
 Izitso (A&M Records, 1977)

With Leon Russell
 Leon Russell and the Shelter People (Shelter Records, 1971)

With Rod Stewart
 Atlantic Crossing (Warner Bros. Records, 1975)
 A Night on the Town (Warner Bros. Records, 1976)

With Glenn Frey
 The Allnighter (MCA Records, 1984)
 Soul Searchin' (MCA Records, 1988)

With Linda Ronstadt
 Linda Ronstadt (Capitol Records, 1971)

With Rodney Crowell
 Diamonds & Dirt (Columbia Records, 1988)
 Keys to the Highway (Columbia Records, 1989)
 Life Is Messy (Columbia Records, 1992)

With John P. HammondSo Many Roads'' (Vanguard Records, 1965)

References

External links

1943 births
2009 deaths
American rock keyboardists
American rock pianists
American male pianists
American soul keyboardists
American male organists
American rhythm and blues keyboardists
Rhythm and blues pianists
Ramsay High School alumni
Record producers from Alabama
Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section members
Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama
20th-century American keyboardists
American session musicians
20th-century organists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American pianists
American organists

Barry Beckett


Battle of Fotevik () was fought between forces of King Niels of Denmark and his son Magnus Nilsson, against those of Erik  Emune on 4 June 1134 at the bay of Fotevik in Skåne.

At his death, King Eric I of Denmark had two known sons who were candidates for succession to the throne, Canute Lavard and Erik  Emune. Canute, as Eric's only legitimate son, had a particularly strong claim. When King Eric's younger brother Niels was selected instead, becoming King Niels, Canute was forced to flee. In January 1131 he was trapped in a forest near Ringsted in Zealand, and killed. Some sources consider it to have been a murder committed by Magnus Nilsson, while some attribute it to King Niels himself. The new king and his son soon found themselves in a civil war against Lavard's half-brother Eric Emune. The death of Canute Lavard had provoked a civil war that would last intermittently until 1157.

At the Battle of Fotevik, the forces of King Niels were taken by surprise by a contingent of German soldiers on horses. Cavalry attack on a large scale had previously only rarely been used in Scandinavia. Magnus Nilsson was slain, together with the six (possibly five) bishops and a large number of the priests accompanying the invading army.

After the battle, King Niels fled with the remnants of his fleet to Schleswig. During his flight Niels reckoned his nephew Harald Kesja as his co-king in Denmark. Niels was murdered in Schleswig on 25 June 1134 by the city's burghers.

The battle was a decisive victory for Eric, who became the next King of Denmark as Eric II.

References

Fotevik
Fotevik
1134 in Europe
12th century in Denmark

Battle of Fotevik


Linga is a village in Balaghat District, Jabalpur Division in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is located about 8 km from Balaghat and 391 km from Bhopal. Balaghat, Wara Seoni, Gondiya, are the nearby cities.

Linga is surrounded by Kirnapur Tehsil towards South, Waraseoni Tehsil towards west, Lalbarra Tehsil towards west, Khairlanji Tehsil towards west.

The primary languages are Hindi and Marathi. The village is 309 meters above sea level.

Religion

The village has an ancient "Lingeshwara Shiva Linga" temple and is therefore, known as "Linga". The village has other places of religious importance, such as Maa Sharda temple, Maa Sinhawahini temple, Shree Bajrang Temple, Gram Devi "Maai", Baba Hajrat Ali Shah Warsi Majar (Warsiya Anand Ashram), and Budh Vihar.

Transport

Linga is connected to Balaghat by road, by rail (Balaghat Junction Railway Station and Kanhadgaon Railway Station). Gondia, Jabalpur, Nagpur & Durg Railway Station are other major railway station near Linga.

Education

 Govt Higher Secondary School
 Govt Middle School
 Govt  Primary School
 Saraswati Shishu Mandir
 Saraswati Vidhya Niketan
 Shree Ram Shishu Mandir
 Saraswati Computer Education Institute
 Shree Balaji Computer Education Institute
 Little World Public School

References

Villages in Balaghat district

Linga, Madhya Pradesh


Inozemsky Prikaz (, lit. Office for the Affairs of the Foreigners) was a central government agency in the 17th-century Russia, which dealt with the affairs of the foreigners, including those hired by the Russian military. This prikaz was established around 1624 and then merged with the Reiter Prikaz in 1680. Inozemsky Prikaz also governed the affairs of the German Quarter until 1666. In 1701, its functions were transferred under the authority of the Military Affairs Prikaz.

See also
Regiments of the new order

17th century in Russia
1624 establishments in Russia
1701 disestablishments in Russia

Inozemsky Prikaz


Phebalium distans, commonly known as the Mt. Berryman phebalium, is a species of small tree that is endemic to south-east Queensland. It is more or less covered with silvery to rust-coloured scales and has warty branchlets, linear leaves and creamy yellow flowers in umbels on the ends of branchlets.

Description
Phebalium distans is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to , but is shrub-like when young. It is more or less covered with silvery to rust coloured scales except for the upper surface of the leaves and petals. It has warty branchlets and linear leaves that are glabrous and glossy green on the upper surface, densely covered with scales on the lower surface,  long and  wide on a petiole  long. The flowers creamy yellow and arranged in umbels, each flower on a pedicel  long. The calyx is top-shaped, about  long, warty, glabrous on the inner surface and covered with warty glands on the outside. The petals are elliptical, about  long and densely covered with scales on the back. Flowering occurs from August to September.

Taxonomy and naming
Phebalium distans was first formally described in 2003 by Paul Irwin Forster in the journal Austrobaileya from specimens he collected in the Coalstoun Lakes National Park in 1990.

Distribution and habitat
Phebalium distans grows in or near vine thicket and occurs on Mt. Berryman, the Mt. Jones Plateau and Mt. Walla in south-east Queensland.

Conservation status
This phebalium is classified as "critically endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "endangered" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992. The main threats to the species include vegetation clearing, road maintenance, urban development and weed invasion.

References

distans
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 2003
Taxa named by Paul Irwin Forster

Phebalium distans