A Shine of Rainbows, also known as Tomás and the Rainbows, is a 2009 Irish-Canadian family drama film, directed and co-written by Vic Sarin as an adaptation of the novel A Shine of Rainbows by Lillian Beckwith.

Plot
During the 1960s, young orphan Tomás (John Bell) is harassed and ridiculed for his small size, timidity and stuttering by the other children in his orphanage. Just after freeing a pigeon from his classroom, he is called to the headmasters' office to be greeted by Maire (Connie Nielsen), who has adopted him, and takes him back to her island home, where Tomás is greeted somewhat coldly by her husband, Alec (Aidan Quinn), a fisherman, who had expected someone older and perhaps more confident, and Tomás is intimidated by Alec.

Tomás makes friends with Nancy (Tara Alice Scully) and is greeted tepidly by Seamus (Jack Gleeson). They take him to their 'secret' cave, inhabited by bats. There, Tomás runs away, scared, after which his two friends chase after him and console him. Tomás is introduced to his new school and, unlike at his previous school, here he is generally accepted by the pupils. As Maire's influence on him begins to shine through, he starts to gain in confidence and become drawn to wildlife.

Soon thereafter, Alec and Tomás get a little closer, and when Maire has to go to the mainland for some shopping, Alec and Tomás go fishing. Together they find a young seal, apparently abandoned, on the beach. Christened 'Smudge' by Tomás, he wants to care for it and feeds it regularly for the next many days.

For Tomás' birthday, the couple give him a new fishing rod & reel. Maire suggests that the two guys go fishing, Alec to teach Tomás how to use the tackle, and the plan is set. The next morning, they head out, but Alec, distracted with helping some friends move a stuck boat, tells Tomás, "I won't be long, wait down there." Tomás waits around nearly all day for him to show up, but Alec, after helping, then instead goes to the pub with the friends.

Maire finds Tomás and takes him out in the boat herself. Maire discloses she was an orphan too, never adopted out, and that is why she picked Tomás, loving and 'knowing' him, due to her own experiences.  Maire teaches Tomás to picture his grandmother in his mind and he does, remembering her for the first time in a long while. He learns he can recall memories by 'painting' them in his mind. They then see a rainbow and she promises to take him into one someday. That night, Maire has an argument with Alec, telling him that he shouldn't have left Tomás waiting.

The next day after school, Tomás comes home to find that Maire, has taken sick, a doctor (Gerard Bonner) at her side. He goes to stay at Katie's home, with her children, Seamus and Nancy. He buys Maire a very colourful tablecloth, as she likes colours, and later goes visiting her in hospital. Tomás learns that Maire is going to die, and distraught he rushes to her bedside, crying at the thought of her passing. Alec asks Tomás to leave, and later at the house Alec tells him that she has died.

At Maire's funeral, Alec and Tomás are both distraught, but Alec still won't bond with Tomás. Tomás says that Alec needs him but Alec continues to be brusque with Tomás. Tomás also learns from his friends that the orphanage will soon reclaim him, as Alec never signed the adoption papers.

Alec starts to drink to soothe his sorrows, and burns all of Maire's possessions because "she's gone". When Tomás finds out, he tries to stop Alec, blaming him for Maire's death, and runs away to Katie's. She explains how sad Alec is about losing Maire. The next day, Tomás goes to feed Smudge, asking it to pass on a message to Maire, asking her 'what he should to do'.
A rainbow appears, the 'end' of it bathing Tomás and Smudge in colours, and Tomás has 'received' the guidance he was looking for.

When Tomás returns home he finds Alec drunk, slumped in a chair. Tomás wakes Alec, giving him a red scarf Maire had 'smiled' into for him earlier, as a memento to remember Maire by. Alec goes to bed, snuggling with the scarf, as he hears Maire's laughter.

In the morning, after packing up his possessions, Tomás goes out in the boat to deliver Smudge to his 'Mum'. When Alec realises that Tomás isn't at home, he attempts to rescue Tomás, but doesn't reach him in time. Tomás' boat has capsized, but, with help from Smudge and a pod of seals, he washes up on shore. Alec, frantic, checks to see if Tomás is still alive, which he is.

For breakfast the next day, Alec produces the colourful tablecloth to cover the drab table. Alec asks if Tomás wants to go back to the orphanage. Tomás proclaims "No!", and says he wants to remain with Alec. Alec finally signs the papers, and Tomás calls him "Dad".

Cast
 Connie Nielsen - Maire O'Donnell
 Aidan Quinn - Alec O'Donnell
 John Bell - Tomás
 Jack Gleeson - Seamus
 Tara Alice Scully - Nancy
 Niamh Shaw - Katie
 Laura Doherty - Nurse
 Ian McElhinney - Father Doyle
 Shaun McCreanor - Extra from School
 Megan McCreanor- Extra from school
 Shaun McLaughlin (Scon)- Extra from school

Production
The film was primarily shot in County Donegal, Ireland.  Some of the orphanage scenes were shot in an abandoned hospital 'touched-up' by the design crew. Over 500 locals/extras were seen for casting, over three days, including many children. 'Smudge' was an animatronic, and its scenes were shot first, due to concerns about bad weather on the beach, which never occurred. In fact, for the 'rain scene' (jumping in puddles), they had to produce it, as it failed to rain during production.

Music by The Henry Girls was featured in the film.

Nielsen and Quinn had previously co-starred together in Return to Sender (2004).

Accolades

References

External links
 Official production website

 A Shine of Rainbows at Metacritic

English-language Irish films
English-language Canadian films
2009 films
Irish drama films
Canadian drama films
Films directed by Vic Sarin
Films about adoption
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films

A Shine of Rainbows


The Galena and Chicago Union Railroad (G&CU) was a railroad running west from Chicago to Freeport, Illinois, never reaching Galena, Illinois. A later route went to Clinton, Iowa. Incorporated in 1836, the G&CU became the first railroad built out from Chicago.

History
The first railroad constructed out of Chicago, the Galena and Chicago Union, was chartered on January 16, 1836, to connect Chicago with the lead mines at Galena, a year before the city of Chicago was incorporated. "The Pioneer," the first locomotive on the road, arrived at Chicago on October 10, 1848, nearly thirteen years after the charter was granted. In 1850, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was completed as far as Elgin. The railroad and the Illinois and Michigan Canal were vital in the development of Chicago, and the population of the city tripled in the six years after the opening of the canal. Eventually other railroads were built and Chicago became the largest railroad center in the world.

In 1862 the G&CU leased in perpetuity the Cedar Rapids and Missouri Railroad which was to be the first railroad to reach Council Bluffs, Iowa and the First transcontinental railroad. The 1862 map by G. Woolworth Colton shown here lays out the various lines in operation at that time.  The G&CU consolidated with the Chicago and North Western Railway in 1864, which merged with the Union Pacific Railroad over a century later in 1996.

Today, the G&CU's main line between Chicago and West Chicago is a busy commuter service, jointly operated by Union Pacific and Metra as the Union Pacific / West Line. The remainder of the line from West Chicago to Rockford is still in service carrying only freight (though Amtrak service to Rockford has been proposed and planned) with local industrial spurs in Rockford and Loves Park. The route between Rockford and Freeport is abandoned, and is being converted into a rail trail.

Construction
The railroad was constructed starting in March 1848, and was completed to Freeport in 1853. The first westbound train out of Chicago departed on October 25, 1848, pulled by a used Baldwin-built locomotive named Pioneer. When construction reached the Fox River at Elgin in 1850 passengers going farther west could transfer to the stagecoach lines. The railroad extended to Rockford by 1851 and ended construction at Freeport in 1853. The Illinois Central Railroad, using the G&CU construction crew, completed the Freeport to Galena route in 1854 following the stage route already established by Frink, Walker and Company.

Depots
Stations between Chicago and Freeport included the following:
Chicago, Illinois (1848. Depot at Kinzie and Canal Streets north of the Chicago River was converted to an employees' reading room 1853. Second depot at Kinzie and Wells Streets burned in 1871. The Merchandise Mart now occupies the site)
Garfield Park (1848. formerly Central Park)
Oak Park, Illinois (1848. formerly Oak Ridge, Cicero)
Melrose Park, Illinois (1849) formerly Melrose
Berkeley, Illinois (1849. Formerly Proviso)
Elmhurst, Illinois (1849. Formerly Cottage Hill)
Lombard, Illinois (1849. Babcock's Grove)
Glen Ellyn, Illinois (1849. Formerly Danby)
Wheaton, Illinois (1849)
Winfield, Illinois (1849–1854. Hedges Station)
West Chicago, Illinois (1849. Turner Junction. Hotel and roundhouse 1853)
Wayne, Illinois (1850)
South Elgin, Illinois (1850. formerly Clintonville)
Elgin, Illinois (1850)
Gilberts, Illinois (1855. Gilbert's Station)
Huntley, Illinois (1851)
Union, Illinois (1851)
Marengo, Illinois (1851)
Garden Prairie, Illinois (1853)
Belvidere, Illinois (1851)
Cherry Valley, Illinois (1853)
Rockford, Illinois (1851)
Winnebago, Illinois (1853)
Pecatonica, Illinois (1853)
Nevada, Ridott Township, Stephenson County, Illinois (1853. Depot was moved to Ridott 10 July 1860. Nevada no longer exists)
Ridott, Illinois (1860)
Freeport, Illinois (1853)

From West Chicago to Clinton:
La Fox, Illinois (1859)
Elburn, Illinois (1854, formerly Blackberry)
Maple Park, Illinois (1854, formerly Lodi)
Cortland, Illinois (1854)
DeKalb, Illinois (1854)
Malta, Illinois (1855, formerly Milton)
Creston, Illinois (1855, Formerly Dement)
Rochelle, Illinois (1855, formerly Hang Town)
Flagg, Illinois(1856)
Ashton, Illinois (1855, formerly Ogle)
Franklin Grove, Illinois (1855)
Nachusa, Illinois (1855)
Dixon, Illinois (1855)
Nelson, Illinois (1858)
Sterling, Illinois (1855)
Galt, Illinois (1857)
Agnew, Illinois (1860)
Como, Illinois (1855. Depot was moved to Agnew in 1860)
Round Grove, Illinois (1855)
Lyndon, Illinois (1857)
Morrison, Illinois (1855)
Union Grove, Illinois (1859)
Fulton, Illinois (1855. Line was moved to East Clinton after C&NW takeover)
Clinton, Iowa (1855)
Crystal Lake Branch
East Dundee, Illinois (1854)
Algonquin, Illinois (1855)
Crystal Lake, Illinois (1855)

Aurora Branch
Batavia, Illinois (1872)
Aurora, Illinois (1888)

St. Charles Branch
Geneva, Illinois (1854)
St. Charles, Illinois (1871)

References

Sources
  examines the economic effects of the railroad (among other things).
 A Chronological History of Chicago: 1673- Compiled by Chicago Municipal Reference Library, City of Chicago, updated by Municipal Reference Collection, Chicago Public Library
 The Northern Counties Gazetteer and Directory for 1855–6: A Complete and Perfect Guide to Northern Illinois Containing a Concise Description of the Cities, Towns & Principal Villages... (1855). 189 Lake Street, Chicago. Reprinted on demand by Pranava Books, India. August 2019.

Predecessors of the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company
Defunct Illinois railroads
Defunct Iowa railroads
Railroads in the Chicago metropolitan area
Railway companies established in 1836
Railway companies disestablished in 1864
American companies established in 1836
1836 establishments in Illinois
American companies disestablished in 1864

Galena and Chicago Union Railroad


The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes is a 1970 DeLuxe Color film in Panavision written and produced by Billy Wilder and I. A. L. Diamond, and directed by Wilder. The film offers an affectionate, slightly parodic look at Sherlock Holmes, and draws a distinction between the "real" Holmes and the character portrayed by Watson in his stories for The Strand magazine. It stars Robert Stephens as Holmes and Colin Blakely as Doctor Watson.

Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss, the creators and writers of the BAFTA and Emmy Award-winning series Sherlock, credited The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes as a source of inspiration for their show.

Michael Hardwick and Mollie Hardwick authored a novelization of the film.

Plot
The film is divided into two separate, unequal stories. In the first and shorter of the two, in August 1887 Holmes is approached by Rogozhin, on behalf of a famous Russian ballerina, Madame Petrova. Madame Petrova is about to retire, and wishes to have a child. She proposes that Holmes be the father, one who she hopes will inherit her beauty and his intellect. Holmes manages to extricate himself by claiming that Watson is his lover, much to the doctor's embarrassment. Back at 221B, Watson confronts Holmes about the reality of the ensuing rumours, and Holmes only states that Watson is "being presumptuous" by asking Holmes whether he has had relationships with women.

In the main plot, a Belgian woman, Gabrielle Valladon, is fished out of the River Thames and brought to Baker Street. She begs Holmes to find her missing engineer husband. The resulting investigation leads to a castle in Scotland. Along the way, they encounter a group of monks and some dwarfs, and Watson apparently sights the Loch Ness monster.  They see both canaries and sulfuric acid being carried into the castle, and conclude that the canaries are used to detect chlorine gas produced when the sulfuric acid is mixed with sea water.

It turns out that Sherlock's brother Mycroft is involved in building a pre-World War I submarine for the British Navy, with the assistance of Monsieur Valladon.  When taken out for testing, it was disguised as a sea monster. The dwarfs were recruited as crewmen because they took up less space and needed less air. When they meet, Mycroft informs Sherlock that his client is actually a top German spy, Ilse von Hoffmanstal, sent to steal the submersible. The "monks" are German sailors.

Queen Victoria arrives for an inspection of the new weapon, but objects to its unsportsmanlike nature. She orders the exasperated Mycroft to destroy it, so he conveniently leaves it unguarded for the monks to take (rigging it to sink when it is submerged). Fräulein von Hoffmanstal is arrested, to be exchanged for her British counterpart.

In the final scene some months later, Sherlock receives a message from his brother, telling him that von Hoffmanstal had been arrested as a spy in Japan, and subsequently executed by firing squad. Heartbroken, the detective retreats to his room to seek solace in a 7% solution of cocaine.

Cast

Production

Casting
Billy Wilder, a long time Holmesian, had long aspired to create a musical adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes stories. After two failed attempts in 1955 and 1963, he decided to embark on a non-musical screenplay with collaborator I. A. L. Diamond.

Initially, Wilder planned to cast Peter O'Toole as Holmes and Peter Sellers as Watson. Nicol Williamson, who went on to play Holmes in The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, was also considered for Holmes. Rex Harrison pursued the role but Wilder wasn't interested.

The hefty British actor James Robertson Justice was offered the role of Mycroft Holmes but refused to shave off his beard. Christopher Lee took the part after George Sanders' failing health removed him from the role. Lee was eternally grateful to Wilder for allowing him to take the part since it helped his career and he was able to end being consigned to horror movies.

Filming
Elaborate sets were built on the backlot at Pinewood Studios, including 150 yards of the Baker Street set, at a cost of £80,000. The reproduction of the Diogenes Club stood until 1973 having been used in other films such as Hands of the Ripper and Carry On at Your Convenience. The sets were designed by art director Alexandre Trauner.

The scenes set in Scotland were filmed on location at Urquhart Castle on the banks of Loch Ness; Kilmartin Hall on Loch Meiklie; Nairn railway station.  The  cemetery scene with Stanley Holloway was filmed at the Church of St Mary, Winkfield in Berkshire. Somerset House in London and the London Coliseum were also used as locations.   Castle Stuart and Eilean Donan Castle in Scotland and Broadway Tower in Worcestershire made fleeting appearances.

Cut scenes
The first cut of the film ran approximately three hours and twenty minutes. As a result, large portions were deleted. The following scenes were all filmed, but were cut from the final release at the studio's insistence. What remained of them was recovered and restored for the film's LaserDisc release. None of the scenes survive in their complete form, with both film footage and audio.

The deleted scenes include:

- A modern-day prologue in which Dr. Watson's grandson, also Dr. Watson (a Canadian veterinarian), also played by Colin Blakely, visits a London bank to claim his grandfather's belongings. The head of the bank, Havelock-Smith, (John Williams) brings Dr. Watson his grandfather's strongbox, which contains items of Holmes and Watson's, along with a number of unpublished stories. (This scene is entirely lost, only production stills and the script survive)

- The prologue then transitioned into the 1887 portion of the film. We meet Holmes and Watson as they journey back to London by train, having just solved a case in Yorkshire. A disheveled man rushes into their compartment, and promptly falls asleep. Based on numerous clues, Holmes deduces that the man is an Italian music teacher who was having an affair with the wife of a nobleman, got caught, jumped out the window, and ran onto the train. This scene transitioned into their arrival at 221B Baker Street, as seen in the finished film. (Only the audio for this scene survives, along with production stills)

- "The Curious Case of the Upside Down Room" - Inspector Lestrade visits Holmes and Watson and asks for help solving the seemingly impossible case of a corpse found in a room that was discovered entirely upside-down, with furniture on the ceiling. The three of them visit the scene of the crime, where Holmes inspects the clues. Back at home, Holmes deduces that Watson staged the whole thing in an attempt to pique Holmes' interest, drag his friend out of a deep depression and wean him away from cocaine. Watson is furious that his ruse has been discovered and that his friend intends to continue using drugs. He threatens to move out, but Holmes destroys his vials of cocaine. Watson agrees to stay, and we realize that the vials Holmes destroyed were empty, he has hidden the full vials in his violin case. (Only the audio for this sequence survives, along with production stills)

- "The Adventure of the Dumbfounded Detective" - During the scene in the film where Holmes is traveling by train to Scotland with Gabrielle, there was originally a segue into a flashback, where he told her about his student days at Oxford. Holmes had fallen in love with a beautiful girl from afar. After Holmes's crew team won a race against Cambridge, to celebrate, they pooled their money and held a lottery, with the winner getting time with a prostitute (Jenny Hanley). Holmes won, but was nervous, because he did not want to sully his love for the girl he had seen. Then the prostitute turned around, and he realized that she was that same girl. Holmes tells Gabrielle that this episode taught him emotional involvement was not worth the risk for someone in his position. (This scene is entirely lost, only production stills and the script survive)

- "The Dreadful Business of the Naked Honeymooners" - As Holmes and Watson travel back to England on an ocean liner, having solved a case for the Sultan in Constantinople, Holmes complains that anyone could have solved the case, even Watson. When a murder is discovered on board, Holmes tells Watson to attempt to solve the case himself. Holmes watches, without saying anything, as Watson proceeds to go to the wrong cabin, where he finds a honeymooning couple (Nicole Shelby and Jonathan Cecil) passed out drunk, naked, in bed. Mistaking them for the murder victims, Watson begins to deduce an elaborate solution based on the "evidence" he sees around him, while Holmes listens, amused. When the lovers wake up, Holmes tells Watson he has gone to the wrong cabin, and Watson decides not to try to solve a case again. (Only the film footage for this sequence survives, the audio is lost)

- An epilogue scene, immediately after Holmes retreats into his room to use cocaine on learning of the death of Gabrielle/Ilse, in which Inspector Lestrade arrives at 221B Baker Street and asks Watson for Holmes's help in solving the ongoing Jack the Ripper murders. Watson regretfully says that Holmes is busy and must decline. Lestrade assures Watson that Scotland Yard can solve the case without Holmes. (Only the audio for this scene survives)

- Another deleted scene involved Rogozhin arriving at 221B Baker Street to give Holmes the Stradivarius promised to him by Madame Petrova. Still believing Holmes's story that he and Watson are both gay, Rogozhin offers roses to Watson. Editor Ernest Walter unsuccessfully argued for this to be the final scene of the film, as a nod to the finale of Some Like It Hot, but Billy Wilder refused, preferring to end the film on a more mournful note. (This scene does not survive)

Lost Loch Ness prop
A 30 ft (9m) model of the Loch Ness Monster was built for the film in 1969. The model included a neck and two humps and was taken alongside a pier for filming of portions of the film. Billy Wilder did not want the humps and asked that they be removed, despite warnings that it would affect its buoyancy. As a result, the model sank. The model was rediscovered in April 2016 during a Scottish expedition to find the Loch Ness Monster.

Subtext
Director Billy Wilder has said he originally intended to portray Holmes explicitly as a repressed homosexual, stating, "I should have been more daring. I have this theory. I wanted to have Holmes homosexual and not admitting it to anyone, including maybe even himself. The burden of keeping it secret was the reason he took dope." Holmes' personal interests and particularly his feelings for Watson remain ambiguous in the film, including but not limited to Holmes' admission that he is "not a whole-hearted admirer of womankind", the enjoyment he derives from implying to outsiders that he and Watson are lovers, and his statement that Watson is "being presumptuous" by assuming there have been women in his life, among others. Mark Gatiss called The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes "the film that changed his life" for this reason: "It's a fantastically melancholy film. The relationship between Sherlock and Watson is treated beautifully; Sherlock effectively falls in love with him in the film, but it's so desperately unspoken."

Reception
Upon its release at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, it received excellent reviews. Vincent Canby called it a "comparatively mild Billy Wilder and rather daring Sherlock Holmes, not a perfect mix, perhaps, but a fond and entertaining one". It grossed $150,000 in its opening week at the Music Hall, ranking 13th at the US box office. Kim Newman, reviewing it in Empire magazine, described it as the "best Sherlock Holmes movie ever made" and "sorely underrated in the Wilder canon". Roger Ebert was more critical, giving the film two-and-a-half stars out of four. He wrote that it is "disappointingly lacking in bite and sophistication", that it "begins promisingly enough" but that "before the movie is 20 minutes old, Wilder has settled for simply telling a Sherlock Holmes adventure". Gene Siskel gave the film one-and-a-half stars out of four and called it "a conventional and not very well written mystery" that made it seem as though "Wilder had enough of an idea for a television variety show skit but unfortunately saw fit to expand it into a movie". Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "the whole effect of the picture is a kind of affable blandness which, given the expectations you have of Billy Wilder, constitutes a disappointment". Based on the sample cities covered by Variety, it grossed $536,927 from 39 play weeks in 1970.

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian, reviewing the film in 2002, wrote: "Billy Wilder's distinctive, irreverent slant on the world's greatest 'consulting detective' holds up reasonably well 32 years on; you wouldn't expect anything directed by Wilder and scripted by his long-time associate I. A. L. Diamond to be anything less than funny and watchable, and this is both".

Home media
In 1994, Image Entertainment released the film on LaserDisc, in what was called Private Life of Sherlock Holmes, The: Special Edition.  The release includes "The Dreadful Business of the Naked Honeymooners." The sequence was subtitled because no audio was available.

The Region 1 DVD release restored portions of cut scenes that consists of soundtracks and a series of stills. A Blu-ray was released 22 July 2014 by Kino Lorber. It includes deleted scenes and bonus material.

References

External links

1970 films
British comedy thriller films
1970s comedy thriller films
Films directed by Billy Wilder
Films set in Scotland
Films set in the 1880s
Films set in 1887
Sherlock Holmes films
Sherlock Holmes pastiches
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria on film
Loch Ness Monster in film
United Artists films
Films scored by Miklós Rózsa
1970 LGBT-related films
American LGBT-related films
Films with screenplays by Billy Wilder
Films with screenplays by I. A. L. Diamond
1970 comedy films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
1970s British films

The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes


Jukka Jorma Tolonen (born 16 April 1952) is a Finnish jazz guitarist. Tolonen became famous as guitarist for the progressive rock band Tasavallan Presidentti (which means "president of the republic").

Career
He had grown up playing the piano, but received his first guitar at age eleven. From 1966 to 1967 Tolonen, at age fourteen, played guitar with Arto Sotavalta and the Rogues. Their first single, recorded in 1967, was "Ei maitoa tänään," backed by "Lady Jane." For several months in 1969 he was a member of Eero Raittinen's band Help, which eventually split up. Then Tolonen and drummer Vesa Aaltonen founded the group Tasavallan Presidentti, with whom he toured and recorded several albums from 1969 to 1974. Their third album, Lambertland, reached number seven on the Finnish charts in 1972, followed by Milky Way Moses, which peaked at number twelve in 1974. Tolonen also played on albums Tombstone Valentine (1970) and Fairyport (1971) by Wigwam.

His first solo album, Tolonen!, recorded and released in 1971 while he was nineteen years old, displayed his prowess on both guitar (electric and acoustic) and piano, and instrumental songwriting which comfortably segues between classical, jazz, folk, blues, and rock. Tolonen! peaked at number six on the Finnish charts in 1971, winning the Finnish Broadcasting Company's Album of the Year disk. In 1972 he married Taija Sippola, his girlfriend of several years, and studied piano and composition at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki while continuing to perform and record. Tolonen's guitar solo on "Paratiisi", a hit single from Rauli 'Badding' Somerjoki's 1974 album Näin käy rock & roll, made it the most played song on Finnish radio for three subsequent years. Tasavallan Presidentti broke up in 1974 just before it was to embark on a US tour in support of Kraftwerk. "Windermere Avenue", a song from Tolonen's 1975 Hysterica album, became a minor radio hit in the USA. Also in 1975 he was asked to join ABBA as a touring musician, but he declined, due to the birth of his first child, Dimitri, and his concurrent solo career.

Tolonen is a virtuoso guitarist, who is highly respected in his native Finland as well as in Sweden, where he has lived for long periods. Among Tolonen's side projects are Guitarras Del Norte, Trio Tolonen, and Jukka Tolonen Band (JTB). He has used many different guitars over the years, such as the Gibson ES-335 and Ibanez Artist. Since the 1990s he has used Finnish handmade instruments by Ruokangas Guitars (electric) and Lottonen Guitars (acoustic).

Despite his earlier successes, Tolonen was eventually twice divorced, homeless, and drug-addicted. In May 2008 Tolonen was found guilty of stabbing his girlfriend and was sentenced to 27 months in jail for aggravated assault. When released in 2010, he told the media that he was quitting guitar playing due to osteoarthritis. While in prison Tolonen dedicated his life to Jesus Christ, and in 2011 he released Juudan Leijona ("Lion of Judah"), a CD of traditional Finnish hymns, in which he sings and plays piano, occasionally accompanied by other instruments and voices. He continues to perform live concerts of Christian music on piano along with other musicians and vocalists.

On 2 May 2014 Gateway Films released Tolonen, a career-spanning documentary. A concurrent Tolonen CD was issued, featuring many young Finnish jazz and rock musicians' interpretations of Tolonen's songs. In autumn 2014 he played guitar for the first time in many years (and sang) on the album Sokea Joe by Kari Peitsamo. The same year he began to receive a State Arts Pension in Finland for meritorious activities of a creative or performing artist. Tolonen is actively involved with the Salem Pentecostal Church in Helsinki, and has enrolled in a local Bible Institute. In 2017 he began to perform on bass guitar in live concerts as part of the Ramblin' Jazz Quartet in Finland.

In December, 2019 Jukka Tolonen alternated between bass guitar and piano for two concerts in Helsinki celebrating the 50th anniversary of Tasavallan Presidentti along with several of his old bandmates and additional personnel.

Discography
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Tasavallan Presidentti (1969)
 Wigwam - Tombstone Valentine (1970)
 Wigwam - Fairyport (1970)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Magneettimiehen kuolema (With Pekka Streng) (1970)
 Jukka Tolonen - Tolonen! (1971)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Tasavallan Presidentti (II) (1971)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Lambertland (1972)
 Jukka Tolonen - Summer Games (1973)
 Rauli "Badding" Somerjoki - This is Rock and Roll (1974)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Milky Way Moses (1974)
 Jukka Tolonen - The Hook (1974)
 Charlie Mariano - Reflections (1974)
 Nordic Jazz Quintet - Nordic Jazz Quintet (1975)
 Jukka Tolonen - Hysterica (1975)
 Eero Koivistoinen - The Front is Breaking (guitar solo on "Mean Meat Blues") (1975)
 Jukka Tolonen - Crossection (all previously released tracks) (1976)
 Jukka Tolonen - Impressions (all previously released tracks) (1977)
 Jukka Tolonen Band - A Passenger to Paramaribo (1977)
 Jukka Tolonen/Christian Sievert - After Three Days (1977)
 Jukka Tolonen - Mountain Stream 1978
 Jukka Tolonen Band - Montreux Boogie Live (1978)
 Jukka Tolonen - High Flyin (1979)
 Jukka Tolonen Band / JTB - Just Those Boys (1979)
 JTB - Dums Have More Fun (1980)
 Jukka Tolonen/Coste Apetrea - Touch Wood (1980)
 Jukka Tolonen - In a This Year Time (1981)
 Tolonen/Apetrea - Blue Rain (1982)
 Oreo Moon - Walk Don't Scream (1983)
 Remu - Live at Cafe Metropol (1985)
 Bill's Boogie Band - Live and Lively at Cafe Metropol Helsinki (1985)
 Jukka Tolonen - Radio Romance (1985)
 Tolonen/Christian Sievert - Still Friends (1986)
 Piirpauke - Zerenade (1987)
 Jukka Tolonen Classics - The Rarest (1989)
 Jukka Tolonen Trio - Last Mohican (1990)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Classics (compilation) (1990)
 Jukka Tolonen Trio - Big Time (1994)
 Jukka Tolonen Trio - Mr. Big Foot (1995)
 Pedro's Heavy Gentlemen - Reggae (1996)
 Jukka Tolonen - On the Rocky Road - A Retrospective (1997)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Still Struggling For Freedom (2001)
 Guitarras del Norte – Guitarras del Norte (2004)
 Jukka Tolonen - Cool Train – Tolonen plays Coltrane (2004)
 Eddie Boyd in Finland – Mello' Hello! (rec. 1970–1984, rel. 2005)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Tasavallan Presidentti Six (2005, EP)
 Tasavallan Presidentti - Six Complete (2006)
 Jukka Tolonen - Juudan Leijona (2011)
 (composer only) - Tolonen (2014)
 Kari Peitsamo - Blind Joe (2014)

References

1952 births
20th-century guitarists
21st-century guitarists
Finnish male guitarists
Musicians from Helsinki
Living people
Finnish jazz guitarists
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians
Male jazz musicians
Criminals from Helsinki
Finnish expatriates in Sweden
People convicted of assault
Sonet Records artists

Jukka Tolonen


Morte d'Urban is the debut novel of J. F. Powers. It was published by Doubleday in 1962. It won the 1963 National Book Award. It is still in print, having been reissued by The New York Review of Books in 2000.

The novel tells the story of Father Urban Roche, a member of a fictitious religious order named the Clementines. Fr. Urban has developed a reputation as a gifted public speaker, but is sent by the superior to a remote retreat house in rural Minnesota. There he puts his skills to work improving the facilities and the local church.

The book has been widely praised. Thomas Merton called it "a valid and penetrating study of the psychology of a priest in what is essentially a spiritual conflict." Jonathan Yardley, in a consideration of the book in The Washington Post four decades later, praised it as "our great workplace saga," comparing it favorably to Sinclair Lewis's Babbitt, calling it "subtler, wittier and much more elegantly written."

Plot summary
Based out of Chicago, Father Urban Roche is a member of the fictitious religious order, the Clementines. The Clementines, by Father Urban's estimation, are stagnating. They care little about innovation and are instead content to remain as they are. Father Urban's charismatic, energetic personality contrasts the rest of the Order. Through his charisma, he befriends a wealthy benefactor named Billy Cosgrove, who helps Fr. Urban secure new quarters for the Order. Despite Fr. Urban's charismatic spirit, he is sent to The Order of St. Clement, a failing retreat house in rural Minnesota.

At Minnesota, Fr. Urban is joined by Fr. Jack, an aging priest who was also transferred from Chicago to Minnesota. Fr. Wilfrid presides over The Order of St. Clement and is primarily concerned with completing the necessary repairs to the facility. To Fr. Urban's dismay, the property is in sorry shape, and the Order hardly has the means to repair it. True to his spirit, Fr. Urban dreams of making the retreat a better place and it is renamed St. Clement's Hill.

Fr. Urban becomes involved with the surrounding communities in the area, slowly growing a following thanks to his public speaking skills. He plays a large role in revitalizing a local parish and makes connections throughout the community, particularly with the Thwaites family. Mrs. Thwaites, an aging widow, was the previous owner of St. Clement's hill before donating the property to the Order.

Thanks to the patronage of Billy Cosgrove, Fr. Urban is able to buy property neighboring St. Clement's Hill to turn into a golf course. With this innovation, the retreat becomes more popular than ever. The Bishop, a man who Fr. Urban feels greatly competitive towards, comes to visit the golf course. The two play a game together, during which Fr. Urban is hit in the head with a golf ball. This event serves as a turning point for Fr. Urban.

Soon after this, Billy Cosgrove and Fr. Urban take a fishing trip. Billy cruelly attempts to drown a deer, an action which Fr. Urban counteracts by knocking Billy out of the boat. Angry, Billy responds in kind, pushing Fr. Urban out of the boat, stranding him. He is left on his own and has to find his own way back home. Luckily, while waiting for the bus, Mrs. Thwaites' daughter, Sally, drives by and offers Billy a ride.

The two spend the evening together on a small island in the middle of the lake on the Thwaites' property, drinking and talking. Sally challenges Fr. Urban to a swim, but, feeling as if their relationship was heading in an immoral direction, he refuses. Sally then goes out for a swim alone and takes the boat, leaving Fr. Urban once again stranded and forced to swim back to shore.

In terms of his career, Fr. Urban has never been more successful. He is soon elected Father Provincial and returns to Chicago. However, his health is failing and he no longer acts with the charisma and energy he once did. While he used to live to challenge the bureaucracy of the Order, he is now solidly a part of it and maintains the status quo.

Style
J. F. Powers was known for his writing about priests, but it was Morte d'Urban, his debut novel, that established his voice. Often called the greatest Catholic writer of the 20th century, Powers' priests demonstrate the balance between man and his profession. Powers' sharp wit guides the reader towards having a sense of humor about such a subject.

References

National Book Award for Fiction winning works
1962 novels
1962 American novels
Doubleday (publisher) books
Catholic novels
Novels set in Minnesota
1962 debut novels
NYRB Classics

Morte d'Urban


Leon Vivian Garrick (born 11 November 1976) is a West Indian cricketer who played one Test and three One Day Internationals in 2001.

Garrick was born in Saint Ann, Jamaica, and played for the Jamaican youth side before making his first-class debut in 1997, where he made successive centuries. Garrick learned his craft under the guidance of Derrick Azan at the Garvey Maceo High School in Jamaica, an institution renowned for its excellence in School boy cricket in Jamaica, having produced Laurie Williams, Keith Hibbert and Audley Sanson.

Garrick has played for Middlesex and Kaiser Sports Club in the Jamaica County Competition. A good batsman who was comfortable playing any type of bowling, Garrick also kept wicket at times throughout his career.

Garrick has the record for the largest opening partnership for Jamaica; an unbeaten 425 with Chris Gayle.

References

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saint Ann Parish
Jamaican cricketers
West Indies One Day International cricketers
West Indies Test cricketers
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Jamaica
Jamaica cricketers

Leon Garrick


IRC-Galleria (Finnish for "IRC gallery") is a social networking website in Finland. It was founded in December 2000 by Tomi Lintelä as a photo gallery for the Finnish users of Internet Relay Chat (IRC). As of April 2009, IRC-Galleria had over 500,000 registered users and 9 million images.

IRC-Galleria users are required to be 13 years of age or older. The site's primary language is Finnish. A majority of users are aged between 13 and 22, with the mean age being about 20 years.

IRC-Galleria has also operated in some other European countries such as Russia, Estonia and Germany.

History
In 2007, video game company Sulake bought the website. The price of 12.5 million euros was paid in future stocks, but in the end Sulake never went public.

In fall 2008, the Helsinki police started a program in which a police officer created an account in IRC-Galleria to openly communicate with the youth. The following year, two more police officers joined the program. By December 2009, the officers had received about 50,000 comments and questions, including crime tips and reports of bullying in schools.

In 2014, IRC-Galleria was purchased by Herdifier Oy, a company owned by some of the creators and early workers of the website. At the time, the website was reportedly visited by 30% of Finnish young adults, and had about 100,000 weekly visitors. The service is financed with advertising, SMS-based services, T-shirts and optional VIP packages.

Technology
IRC-Galleria is a photo gallery and users are required to have at least one accepted image. The maximum number of visible images per user is limited to 60 for regular users an 10,000 for VIP users. A user's default image must contain the user's face.

Communication in IRC-Galleria is based on short messages, comments, each of which is associated with either a picture or a community. Each user can be a member of 100 communities. Some of the communities are representations of actual IRC channels, and joining them requires IRC-based identification. Comments are only visible to those who are logged in.

See also
 List of social networking websites

References

External links

Finnish social networking websites
Image-sharing websites

IRC-Galleria


is an action beat 'em up game developed and published by Capcom for the CPS-2 arcade hardware for Japan and Europe in 1997. Taking place in an alternate future earth, the game revolves around a group of bounty hunters who must capture the mad scientist Dr. Saturn and secure a sophisticated computer disc carrying a program known as the "Shiva System". The game contains comic-like characters in a futuristic science fiction setting. Battle Circuit was Capcom's last beat 'em up game developed for the arcades. The game made its home console (and North American) debut in Capcom Beat 'Em Up Bundle on September 18, 2018 digitally for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows.

Gameplay

Battle Circuits arcade cabinet provided support for up to four simultaneous players who can each assume the role of five possible characters. Players must progress through a number of levels made up of horizontally scrolling screens filled with enemy characters that must be defeated using a combination of attacks and movement abilities each character utilizes. Every character is given a selection of these abilities that can be expanded as gameplay progress by purchasing special "upgrade discs" after the completion of each level using coins obtained by defeating enemies. These techniques are often a combination of either of the two action buttons and the joystick, and can add additional varieties to a given character's arsenal. A player must attack enemies until their health (indicated by a bar under the player's when the enemy is attacked) is reduced to zero and they are thus knocked out. If a player's health bar is depleted, they will also become knocked out and must use up one life to continue. If all of a player's lives are depleted in this fashion, the game will end unless more credits are purchased.

Pressing both action buttons while on the ground executes a super move that drains life on contact. But when two players perform their super moves at the same time, they will form a team-up attack that provides greater crowd control. There are also special techniques called "Battle Downloads", which can be used by pressing both action buttons while jumping, resulting in the player and his allies (if any are present) gaining a certain attribute, the effect of which is unique to each character. Cyber Blue, for example, can use his Battle Download "Power Up" to increase the amount of damage dealt by attacks, while Yellow Iris' "Speed Up" increases attack speed. A character will start with a stock of two of these techniques to use per life, and can obtain more from capsules scattered throughout the levels, up to a maximum of five.

Various items can be found inside destructible objects such as barrels and crates, and can provide the player with additional health or add points to their total score. Once a player's score reaches a set amount, they are rewarded with an extra life that will give them another chance to continue from where they were knocked out by an enemy.

Plot
Taking place in the future year 20XX, Battle Circuit follows the exploits of a group of super-powered bounty hunters as they apprehend wanted criminals (identified by special serial numbers) in the city of Neo Koba. The game begins with the player attempting to apprehend criminal 9696X, a scientist named Doctor Saturn and his blob-like sidekick aboard his spacecraft orbiting Earth. After the battle, the character selected by the player returns to his employer, Harry, and is promptly given another assignment to capture a member of the "Delete Gang", Johnny, who holds a valuable floppy disk in his possession. The bounty hunter then confronts Johnny at his disco hideout and learns that the disc contains a malicious computer program known as the "Shiva (Tentei) System", which is capable of controlling all computerized systems in the world. After selecting one of the available characters, players must travel through various levels- fighting through a variety of  enemies from the Delete Gang- to obtain the disc and claim their bounty.

Characters
Battle Circuit contains five possible characters for the player to choose from, each with their own attacks and Battle Download ability. Though each of the character's real names are mentioned in their individual character profiles during the opening demo, they are mostly referred to by their codenames, each indicating a physical attribute and corresponding color.
 Brian Bruno (Cyber Blue): A seasoned bounty hunter with several cybernetic attachments to his body, giving him the ability to discharge electricity and project energy from his fists. Cyber Blue makes a cameo appearance in Project X Zone 2 in Captain Commando's Solo Unit attack.
 Andrey Mishucin (Captain Silver): A highly accomplished bounty hunter who can stretch and shape his body at will. His powers give him the ability to project ice particles from his body, as well as create a number of objects from his suit. Because of the vast nature of his powers, they will threaten to overwhelm him if he should ever lose concentration.
 Diana Martines (Yellow Iris, called Yellow Beast in the original Japanese version): A part-time fashion model whose feral appearance gives her access to a number of clawing and agility-based techniques. She is also skilled with a whip and is accompanied by her pet fox "Fin". Yellow Iris makes a cameo appearance in Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 as a DLC costume for Felicia.
 Pinky (Pink Ostrich): A large, sentient, pink ostrich with an eye patch and jewel necklace who is always accompanied by her owner, a young girl named Pola Abdul (a pun on Paula Abdul). Purportedly, she is the "only ostrich in the world who can fly", and attacks with an assortment of aerial and spinning techniques.
 Unknown (Alien Green): An alien creature of unknown origin who resembles a large venus flytrap with leglike roots, a small lizardlike growth on its neck and a large eye in its abdomen. Its attacks mostly center around its vinelike arms, which it can quickly swing to create whirlwinds, as well as grab opponents and slam them against the ground.

Development
Battle Circuit was initially developed as a racing game for up to 8 players, with artwork by Haruki Suetsugu. Despite being completed, this version of the game was never released.

In 1997, work began on a new version of Battle Circuit. This version was developed by producers Noritaka Funamizu and Yoshiki Okamoto of Capcom's arcade production team. While structurally very similar to the company's early scrolling action games like Final Fight and Alien vs. Predator, Battle Circuit is set apart stylistically by employing a manga-style science fiction approach to story and character artwork. Ikeno Metaka, overseen by Ohnishi Hiroki and Yamamoto Kouji, created an assortment of characters with features reminiscent of older Capcom characters and superfluous comic book elements.

The game saw a speedy translation effort that effectively made the title available in both Japan and parts of Europe on the same day. Though there are no game play differences between the Japanese and
English-language versions of the game, a few pieces of Japanese dialogue were omitted from the European release. The game was not released in North American arcades or any other part of the world. Moreover, even at the time of its release in arcades, Capcom stated it had no plans to release the game for home consoles. On September 18, 2018, it was released on Capcom Beat 'Em Up Bundle digitally for the PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows.

Battle Circuits background music was composed by Syun Nishigaki of Capcom Arcade Sound Team, and has a recurring pop and electronic theme present throughout the game. The music was recorded using only synth-based computer generated sound, a common recording medium for arcade games on the CPS-2. An official soundtrack entitled Battle Circuit Original Soundtrack (catalog number VICL-60056) was released commercially in Japan by Victor Entertainment on July 2, 1997 and retailed for ¥2,205.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Battle Circuit on their June 1, 1997 issue as being the eighth most-successful arcade game of the month, outperforming titles such as Street Fighter EX Plus and Magical Drop III.

See also
 List of beat 'em ups

References

External links
 Official website
 Battle Circuit at GameFAQs

1997 video games
Arcade video games
Capcom beat 'em ups
Cooperative video games
CP System II games
Science fiction video games
Side-scrolling beat 'em ups
Video games developed in Japan
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in the 21st century
Multiplayer and single-player video games

Battle Circuit


The name of "Coroners Court" is the generic name given to proceedings in which a Coroner holds an inquest in Victoria.

Jurisdiction
Coroners have jurisdiction over the remains of a person and the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person.  When a serious criminal offence has been disclosed during the course of an inquest, the Coroner may adjourn the proceedings until the criminal proceedings are concluded.

Coroners may also hold inquests concerning the cause of any fire in Victoria, unlike their English counterparts.

Generally there are no appeals from the decision of a coroner, although there is provision for the Supreme Court of Victoria to order an inquest or to grant prerogative relief in respect of the proceedings.

The State Coroner may also in some circumstances order the re-opening of an inquest.

History
The office of coroner in Victoria derives from the legal framework inherited from the United Kingdom. The first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, was a coroner by virtue of his commission as governor. The governor's commission entitled him to appoint coroners for the Colony of New South Wales, and this was most likely to have been to justices of the peace. Until the District of Port Phillip became the Colony of Victoria and separated from New South Wales in 1851, coroners would have been appointed under the authority of the New South Wales law.

The first coroner of Melbourne and the county of Bourke was Dr William Byam Wilmot MD. He was appointed by the then Superintendent of Port Phillip, but later Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of Victoria, Charles La Trobe, in 1841. The second city coroner, appointed in 1857, was Dr Richard Youl MD, while the third city coroner, appointed at the death of Youl in 1897 was Mr Samuel Curtis Candler.

The first temporary morgue in Melbourne was erected on the corner of Flinders Street and Swanston Street in 1871, while the first permanent coroner's courthouse was constructed alongside the Yarra River in 1888. The courthouse building was demolished in 1959.

Structure and jurisdiction
The Governor of Victoria may appoint a State Coroner for Victoria.  The State Coroner has the function to oversee and co-ordinate coronial services in Victoria,  ensure that all deaths, suspected deaths and fires concerning which a coroner has jurisdiction to hold an inquest are properly investigated, ensuring that an inquest is held whenever it is required, and to issue guidelines to coroners to assist them in the exercise or performance of their functions.

The Governor may also appoint Deputy State Coroners. Deputy State Coroners may exercise any of the functions of the State Coroner delegated by the State Coroner to them.   Both must be either a County Court of Victoria judge, a magistrate, or a lawyer.

The Governor may also appoint Coroners.

The Governor may also appoint a magistrate as a coroner.  Unlike in other Australian states, all magistrates in Victoria do not automatically become coroners by virtue of their appointment as a magistrate.

References

Sources
Homepage of the court – http://www.coronerscourt.vic.gov.au
Coroners Act 1985 (Vic) – http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/ca1985120/

Victoria (state) courts and tribunals
Victoria

Coroners Court of Victoria


Belvidere Center is an unincorporated village in the town of Belvidere, Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The community is located along Vermont Route 109,  north of the village of Johnson. Belvidere Center had a post office from July 21, 1887, until February 14, 2004; it still has its own ZIP code, 05442.

References

Unincorporated communities in Lamoille County, Vermont
Unincorporated communities in Vermont

Belvidere Center, Vermont