Carriers is a 2009 American post-apocalyptic film written and directed by Àlex and David Pastor. It stars Lou Taylor Pucci, Chris Pine, Piper Perabo, and Emily VanCamp as four survivors of a viral pandemic attempting to stay alive amid the looming threat of becoming infected. Filmed in 2006, it received a limited release in the United States on September 4, 2009, following Pine's breakout performance in Star Trek earlier that year. It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $5.8 million.

Plot
A highly infectious virus, known as "The World Ender Virus", has spread worldwide, killing most of the population. Brothers Brian and Danny, along with Brian's girlfriend Bobby and Danny's friend Kate, plot a trip to take shelter at Turtle Beach, Texas, the brothers' childhood vacation home. To help them survive, they follow a set of rules created by Brian.

On their way to the beach, the group encounter survivor Frank and his infected daughter Jodie, whose vehicle has run out of fuel. The four escape from Frank when he attacks them, but after their car breaks down, they are forced to help Frank and Jodie to use his vehicle. At Frank's insistence, they travel to a nearby high school where a serum for the pandemic is rumored to have been developed. Upon arriving, Frank, Brian, Danny, and Kate discover that the serum does not work and the last remaining doctor is preparing to euthanize a group of infected children and himself. Meanwhile, Bobby catches the virus from Jodie, which she hides from the others. Frank is later forced to bring Jodie to a portable toilet, giving Brian the opportunity to leave them behind and take their vehicle.

The group stops at a hotel, unaware that it is occupied by armed survivalists. When the survivalists return, they force the women to accompany them until they uncover Bobby's infection and order the group away. Brian subsequently forces Bobby to leave the group.

As the group runs low on fuel, Brian kills two women to siphon their vehicle, but suffers a gunshot wound. While treating his brother's injury, Danny discovers that Brian is infected. Danny attempts to leave Brian behind that night, but Brian takes the keys to their vehicle. Refusing to surrender the keys, Brian goads Danny into killing him so he will not die alone from the virus. Danny and Kate arrive at Turtle Beach the next morning, but Danny realizes that without his brother, the place that seemed special to them as children is now desolate.

Cast
 Lou Taylor Pucci as Danny
 Chris Pine as Brian
 Piper Perabo as Bobby
 Emily VanCamp as Kate
 Christopher Meloni as Frank
 Kiernan Shipka as Jodie
 Mark Moses as Doctor

Additionally, Josh Berry, Tim D. Janis, Dale Malley, and Dylan Kenin portray the survivalists. LeAnne Lynch and Jan Cunningham play the women who encounter the group while low on fuel.

Production
Filmed in New Mexico and Texas in late 2006, Carriers was not released by Paramount Vantage until September 2009, following the success of Pine's appearance as James T. Kirk in Star Trek, released earlier in 2009.

Release
Carriers was released on September 4, 2009, in United States cinemas. The DVD followed on December 29, 2009.

Box office
It grossed $908,000 in the United States and $5,802,422 worldwide.

Reception
Carriers received mixed to positive reviews and holds a 66% 'Fresh' rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 38 reviews. The film was praised for its story, theme and acting performances, with criticism focused towards its ending.

Rob Nelson of Variety wrote, "Put into extremely limited release by Paramount Vantage after spending years in studio lockdown, Carriers has moments of genuinely communicable horror and thus deserves better than a de facto theatrical quarantine." Paul Chambers from CNN Radio said, "A little more realistic than a zombie flick. Some renegade virus could make the world a 'survival of the fittest' ordeal. A very interesting story with some nice reveals". Charles Cassady from Common Sense Media said: "Gloom, not thrills, in sci-fi drama of worldwide plague."

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the film received a positive retrospective analysis from Chris Sawin of Screen Rant.

Awards and nominations
Kiernan Shipka was nominated for 'Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actress' at the Young Artist Awards (2010).

References

External links

 Carriers at Yahoo! Movies

 Interview with David and Alex Pastor at Twitchfilm

2009 films
2009 horror films
2000s science fiction thriller films
American science fiction thriller films
American body horror films
Films about viral outbreaks
Films set in New Mexico
Films shot in New Mexico
Films shot in Texas
Paramount Vantage films
American post-apocalyptic films
American road movies
2000s road movies
Films directed by Àlex and David Pastor
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Carriers (film)


Ustilago avenae is a plant pathogen. Semiloose smut of oats can be found wherever oats are grown, as they are seldom treated with seed treatments. The level of treatment is low because oats command a lower sale price than other cereals and hence it is thought that treatment is uneconomic. Semiloose smut of oats, unlike loose smut of wheat and barley, can thus infect up to 80 per cent of a crop.

As with wheat and barley the grains of semiloose smut infected oat plants are completely replaced by the smut fungus. It is not evident until heads emerge and is very difficult to distinguish from covered smut.

Life cycle
As for loose smut of wheat and barley; however, the semiloose smut fungus is carried on the seed surface and not inside the embryo of the seed. The pathogen is activated when the infected seed germinates, and it extends toward the growing point of the plant.

Evident from flowering onwards when the plant begins to form the head, the fungus invades all of the young head tissue except for that of the rachis (backbone). Production of plant growth hormones by the fungus results in infected plant heads reaching flowering earlier than healthy heads.

The head produced by the infected plant contains black spore masses in place of the grain. The spores are loosely held and are easily spread by wind onto neighboring healthy plants. Because flowering of infected heads occurs earlier than healthy heads, production and release of spores occurs when the rest of the crop is flowering. Spores are blown by the wind into the flowers of the healthy plants. The spores enter the ovaries and become part of the developing grain. In this way, seed for the following year becomes contaminated.

References

Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Oats diseases
Ustilaginomycotina
Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon

Ustilago avenae


Neil Poutch (born 27 November 1969 in Finglas, Dublin) is an Irish former footballer. A midfielder, Poutch played in the English First Division for Luton Town and in the League of Ireland for Shamrock Rovers, Athlone Town and Drogheda United. Internationally, he represented Ireland at levels up to under-21.

Life and career

Poutch played for St Kevins College as they reached the Leinster Senior Schools Final in 1985. He represented his country at schoolboy level during this time. He was also capped for the Republic of Ireland national football team in a 1986 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship qualifier against Norway in October 1985. He then stepped up to play for the Republic of Ireland national under-19 football team and scored against Sweden at Dalymount Park in October 1987. He also scored against Finland in the final qualifier in May 1988.

In the 1989–90 Football League season, Poutch made one appearance for Luton Town, at Villa Park on 10 March 1990, as they went on to finish 17th in the First Division.

Poutch came home to sign for Shamrock Rovers in August 1990. He made his debut in a pre-season friendly against Blackburn Rovers and then on 19 August he made his competitive debut against Home Farm in a FAI League Cup tie. He came on as a substitute for the League of Ireland U21 side that drew with the Australian Olympic XI 2–2 at Dalymount Park on 24 August, and made his League of Ireland debut on 2 September against Athlone Town. Four weeks later Poutch played in Rovers' first game at the RDS Arena. He scored his first league goal at Waterford on St Patrick's Day 1991. He played his last game for the club in the 1991 FAI Cup Final at Lansdowne Road. He made a total of 42 appearances for The Hoops.

Poutch was then loaned to Athlone in November 1991 for the remainder of the 1990–91 League of Ireland Premier Division season, making his debut at Terryland Park on 1 December. He scored his only goal for the Midlanders at the Brandywell Stadium on 23 February 1992.

The following season he moved to Drogheda United, making his debut on the opening day of the 1992–93 League of Ireland Premier Division season at Shamrock Rovers.

Poutch was a versatile player playing as a striker for his national team, then as a midfielder and full back in the League of Ireland.

His brother Joey had a spell at Bohemians in the 1980s where he won the 1985 Leinster Senior Cup.

Sources
 The Hoops by Paul Doolan and Robert Goggins ()
 Shamrock Rovers programme 4 November 1990

References

1969 births
Living people
Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Republic of Ireland men's youth international footballers
Republic of Ireland men's under-21 international footballers
Republic of Ireland expatriate men's association footballers
Belvedere F.C. players
Stella Maris F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Athlone Town A.F.C. players
Drogheda United F.C. players
League of Ireland players
Men's association football midfielders

Neil Poutch


Sayyid Kamal Kharazi (, born 1 December 1944) is an Iranian reformist politician and diplomat who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 20 August 1997 to 24 August 2005 as appointed by President Mohammad Khatami serving for eight years. He was replaced by Manouchehr Mottaki who was appointed by the next President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council.

Early life and education
Kharazi was born in Tehran in 1944. He got his Bachelor degree in Arabic language and literature, and after receiving his master's degree in education at the University of Tehran, he spent a year (1975–1976) as teaching fellow at the University of Houston, where he received a PhD in industrial psychology.

Career

Kharazi has been a Professor of Management and Educational Psychology at Tehran University since 1983. Kharazi was a founding member of the Islamic Research Institute in London.

Kharazi has held a number of governmental, diplomatic and academic posts and headed Iranian delegations at numerous international conferences, most importantly at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. For several years Kharazi presented the official Iranian position on TV and at university campuses in the United States and Europe, and has written extensively on foreign policy issues. He had extensive experience in guiding the media during the early days of Iran's Iranian Revolution.

From July 1980 to September 1989, he was the President of the Islamic Republic News Agency. On 18 September 1980, the Iran–Iraq War broke out, and Kharazi served as a member of the Supreme Defense Council of Iran and headed the War Information Headquarters and served as a military spokesman for most of the war (from September 1980 to September 1988).

During the first months after the Iranian Revolution, Kharazi served as the Vice-President of Iranian National Television (March to August 1979) for the new Islamic state. He then served as the Vice-Minister for Political Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (from August 1979 to March 1980) and as the Managing Director of the Center for Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (from August 1979 to July 1981).
Previously, he represented Iran at the United Nations from 1989 to 1997.

See also

Mohsen Kharrazi
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran

References

|-

|-

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1944 births
Living people
Politicians from Tehran
Foreign ministers of Iran
University of Tehran alumni
University of Houston alumni
20th-century Iranian politicians
21st-century Iranian politicians

Kamal Kharazi


The Bafia (Baepak) people are a central African ethnic group that inhabit the Mbam and Sanaga River regions in the Centre Region of Cameroon. They are culturally related to the Bamum and Tikar people.

Names
A Bafia father will give his child a personal name to which his own name (patronym) is appended. For instance, a father named "Keman a Ndiomo" may call his son "Bitegni a Keman". The "a" in the middle stands for "son of".

Dance
The traditional dance of the Bafia is seen to convey a sense of heightened excitement and joy through posture and facial expressions. Dances are traditionally held after successful harvests, although they may also be performed during engagements, weddings, and other official events.

Religion
The creation myth amongst the Bafia was that the world developed from an egg. Both feminine sexual forces, represented by a cave or hollow tree, and masculine sexual forces, represented by a snake or vine, were involved. Darkness is said to have surrounded the egg before opening; Bafia people believe people do wrong because of the love they have for the darkness, though darkness cannot directly cause wrongdoing. Bafia people do not believe in the afterlife; instead, everything returns to the egg, from which everything except the darkness surrounding the egg came.

There is a maker figure, referred to as tatabell (from tata meaning "father" and bell meaning "intelligent").

The turtle is respected as a traditional totem animal; it is identified with tatabell, and thus they have forbidden the killing or eating of the animal.

Bafia people believe that long ago, one of their people had been killed. During a conversation between the Bafia king and other local leaders to identify the killer, the Bafia king saw a turtle passing by. He was amazed by the animal: because a turtle carries his own house, he has his home with him where ever he goes, and a turtle's slow pass gives the impression that the world doesn't affect him. The king decided that the turtle was the perfect representative of tatabell. The king decided that if he placed the turtle among the suspects of the murder, the direction in which the turtle chose to walk would expose the killer.

The Bafia identify the hunt mentality and capability of their people with the mygale spider. The Bafia believe that every part of the spider is designed to hunt, including its eyes, which they are believed to see the future, and its web.

In the centre of the region inhabited by the Bafia is a lion statue. Lions represent Cameroon to the Bafia, and the Bafia identify with the mind and spirit of the lion.

Today, the dominant religion is Protestant Christianity (called Mareucana); Islam (called Moussouloumi) is a minority religion.

List of Bafia dishes
Bafia people come from a Hunter tribe so they eat and dress(traditionally) like hunter
Often like many other tribes in Africa, the majority of the foods and plates are vegetarians but because bafia are hunter a piece of meat should be in every plates, often bafia people hunt wild beats and bush animal and the major market in bafia is a wild beats market.
Almost every bafia eat wild beats in their plates
Bitosso (generally eaten with some sort of Maize pudding known locally as kipen (kipain))
Kidjan (Kidjan ki Tchen)
Gbarak (sticky saucy made with Okra and bush meat)
Koum-koum
Tien ti meukaaba
Tien ti nguita (sweet potato leaves)
Bichongneu
Zaap (bita leaves)
Bieeloe
Mouleuk (for seasoning)

List of Bafia villages
Bapep
Biabiyakan
Sanam
Biamesse
Biamo
Bitang
Dang
Donenkeng
Goufan
Gouife
Isèri
Kiki
Koro
Lablé
Mouko
Nyamsong
Nyokon
Roum
Rimis
Rionon
Tchekani
Yakan

References

Ethnic groups in Cameroon

Bafia people


Animal Dreams is a 1990 novel by Barbara Kingsolver. A woman named Cosima "Codi" Noline returns to her hometown of Grace, Arizona to help her aging father, who is slowly losing his struggle with Alzheimer's disease. She takes a biology teacher position at the local high school and lives with her old high school friend, Emelina. Animal Dreams features Kingsolver's trademark—alternating perspectives throughout the novel. Most chapters are told from the perspective of Codi, while others are told from her father, Homer's, perspective. The book was dedicated to Ben Linder, who was killed by the Contras on April 28, 1987.

The novel features some Hispanic and Native American themes.  Codi's sister, Halimeda "Hallie", moves to Nicaragua to teach local people more sustainable farming techniques and dies after being captured by the Contras. Another political theme in the novel is the small town's fight against the Black Mountain Mining Company, which pollutes the river water and nearly destroys the citizens' orchard trees, Grace's primary economic livelihood.

In addition to political themes like these, many of Kingsolver's novels also feature images and themes from biology. Animal Dreams is rich with natural imagery and the study of the created world. And, as with most Kingsolver novels, this one is laced with genial humor.

Reception
Writing in the New York Times Jane Smiley has some reservations about the novel "Ms. Kingsolver has chosen to explore Codi's despair, and in doing so she frequently undermines the suspense and the weight of her book. First-person narration can be tricky, and Ms. Kingsolver falls into its trap: Codi comes across too often as a whiner, observant of others but invariably more concerned with her own state of mind." Smiley concludes that Kingsolver "demonstrates a special gift for the vivid evocation of landscape and of her characters' state of mind. That she leaves open spaces, that she doesn't quite integrate everything into a perfect system, is probably to her credit."

Kirkus Reviews says "Kingsolver has political conviction, a wonderful eye for the surface of things and many charming poetic conceits,
but here her characters seem constructed rather than real. A promising miss."

Margaret Randall of the Los Angeles Times is positive "As I read the last few pages of Animal Dreams, I felt a brief moment of panic. Would this book really end as it seemed it was going to? Suddenly the outcome I had hoped for unwound before my grateful eyes. Things happened as I wanted them to, as I breathed a sigh of relief. This neat wrap-up may be the single flaw in an otherwise exceptionally crafted narrative. Most important for me, however, is my conviction that Kingsolver is giving a new voice to our literature, one that fulfills its promise even as it begins its journey: four books in as many years."

Awards
Pen/USA West Fiction Award
Edward Abbey Award for Ecofiction
Named an American Library Association Notable Book, the Arizona Library Association Book of the Year, and a New York Times Notable Book.

References

External links

 Animal Dreams on Barbara Kingsolver's website
 Animal Dreams book

1990 American novels
Novels by Barbara Kingsolver
Novels set in Arizona
HarperCollins books
Books about Alzheimer's disease

Animal Dreams


The Bath Fringe Festival is an annual art festival, held in Bath, England.

Bath Fringe was founded in 1981 as a counterbalance to the 'classical'-dominated Bath Music Festival, which some people perceived to be elitist and out-of-touch with what a younger local audience wanted. In many ways the Bath Fringe was a direct descendant of the Walcot Festivals of the 1970s and 1980s, which had included elements of theatre, pop festival, 'happening', eco-activism and local creativity, supported by Bath Arts Workshop.

The festival is among the oldest continually operating in England, and includes around 200 events, taking place around the late May Bank Holiday, running for 17 days at the end of May and beginning of June.

Organisation

After the initial 1981 fringe festival, it became smaller until by 1991-2 it hosted fewer than a dozen events. A new group, a cooperative of local artists, promoters, venue managers and audience members revitalised the festival during the 1990s. Bath Fringe tends to try to create other organisations to run specific events or strands, so has variously given birth to:

 FAB (Fringe Arts Bath) - the visual arts part of the festival
 Walcot Independence Day — a large and popular outdoor party with much local creativity. Discontinued
 Streats — street, outdoor, site-specific, installations, performances in unusual spaces, who run the annual Bedlam Fair street festival, financed through the Fringe. Part of the Independent Street Arts Network.
 Little Fiets – green-powered and activist events like 'The Wheel Thing'.
 20:20 Vision - An immersive, new writing mini-festival created by Fake Escape that has run in conjunction with Bath Fringe since 2013

Character

Many of the people working on events, and the committee that sets it all up, are volunteers, although it does have 2 part-time workers. In common with many Fringe Festivals all round the world most of the programme consists of people presenting their own events in their own venue or one hired for the duration – Bath Fringe does however run a core programme of street/outdoor/tented events itself and it maintains an Open Access policy, not imposing artistic constraints on work that participants put on themselves. The major tasks of the organisation revolve around the production of a print programme and website, and facilitating others to put on or include events. The relative financial independence of any individual sponsor or venue is maintained although funding was received from the local Bath and North East Somerset council  and Arts Council England.

Bath Fringe in history

The southwest holds some of Britain's major greenfield festivals - Glastonbury, WoMaD, Big Green Gathering and others are all held within 50 miles of Bath – and the city had an important place in the development of British Pop Festivals and Free Festivals — its popular Festival credentials go back to the pioneering Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music. Many of the people working at the festival (technicians, facilities) also work at the big events, and there is some crossover of performers too. Bath Fringe sits in the 'Festival Scene' tradition as much as in the development of Fringe Theatre, although the Walcot Festival emphasis on outdoor performance and 'guerilla' events put it as a pioneer in the development of what are currently called 'Street Arts'.

See also
Fringe Theatre

References

External links
Festival website
Historical Walcot Festivals
Fringe Arts Bath
Bath Fringe
Arts Council England
Little Fiets
Bath & NorthEast Somerset Council

Recurring events established in 1981
Fringe Festival
Art festivals in the United Kingdom

Bath Fringe Festival


Sir Percy Elly Bates, 4th Baronet, GBE (12 May 1879 – 16 October 1946) was an English shipowner.

Bates was born in Wavertree, Liverpool, the second son of Sir Edward Percy Bates, 2nd Baronet. He was educated at Winchester College from 1892 to 1897 and was then apprenticed to William Johnston & Co, a Liverpool shipowners. After his father's death in 1899 he joined the family shipping business, Edward Bates & Sons.

Bates succeeded his older brother, Edward, as 4th Baronet in 1903. In 1910 he became a director of Cunard, becoming deputy chairman in 1922 and chairman in 1930, holding the post until his death. He became a director of the Morning Post in 1924 and chairman in 1930, holding the post until 1937.

On the outbreak of the First World War Bates joined the Transport Department of the Admiralty, and later became Director of Commercial Services of the new Ministry of Shipping, responsible for the shipment of civilian supplies. For these services he was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in the 1920 Birthday Honours. He was also appointed in 1920 High Sheriff of Cheshire. In the Second World War he served on the Advisory Committee and the Liner Committee of the Ministry of War Transport.

Bates was an occasional guest at meetings of the Inklings, an informal literary discussion group associated with the University of Oxford attended by C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, which met for nearly two decades between the early 1930s and late 1949.

Bates suffered a heart attack in his office on 14 October 1946 and died at his home, Hinderton Hall, Neston, Cheshire, two days later.

Bates's only child, Edward Percy, was killed over Germany in 1945 while serving as a Pilot Officer with the Royal Air Force.

Footnotes

References
Biography, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

1879 births
1946 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
British businesspeople in shipping
Businesspeople from Liverpool
High Sheriffs of Cheshire

Percy Bates


Jennings "Jay" Randolph Jr. (born September 19, 1934) is an American sportscaster whose career has spanned more than fifty years.

Early life and career
The son of U.S. Senator Jennings Randolph, he grew up in West Virginia, attended The George Washington University from 1952 to 1956, where was a member of Delta Tau Delta International Fraternity. As a young man he enjoyed considerable success as an amateur golfer.  He played on the Golf Team at George Washington University and was inducted into their Athletic Hall of Fame in 1978.  In 1958, Randolph began his broadcasting career as an announcer and sports director for a Clarksburg radio station.

Career in St. Louis
Following play-by-play stints with the West Virginia Mountaineers in the late 1950s, and the Dallas Cowboys and SMU Mustangs in the early 1960s, Randolph went to St. Louis.  He served as a staff announcer at KMOX radio in 1966, and as announcer and sports director for KSD (later KSDK) television from 1967 to 1988.  At KSDK (Channel 5), Randolph anchored sports coverage for the station's newscasts and called TV play-by-play for St. Louis Cardinals baseball (as well as the first season of St. Louis Blues hockey in 1967–68). Randolph served as the over-the-air TV voice of the Cardinals for 21 seasons, split over two stints.  He had a 17-year stint in the Cards' TV booth that ended after the 1987 season when the station lost the local rights, but was brought back in 2007 when KSDK got its small part of the TV pie, which ended in 2010.  He does the "Randolph Report" on KFNS (590 AM) radio.  Posted October 1, 2010, last referenced October 3, 2010.

NBC Sports
Randolph also worked for NBC Sports television in the 1970s and '80s, announcing a wide variety of events including the National Football League, Major League Baseball, college football, college basketball, PGA Tour and LPGA golf, the Professional Bowlers Association, and three Olympic Games and the Breeders' Cup.

Later career
Randolph called play-by-play for baseball's Cincinnati Reds in 1988 and Florida Marlins from 1993-1996, and hosted the Marlins' TV pregame from 1997-2000.  He later broadcast golf events for CNBC and The Golf Channel. From 2007-2010 he called St. Louis Cardinals games on KSDK television. On October 2, 2010, the day before his final Cardinal broadcast, he was honored by the team by being selected to throw out the ceremonial first pitch to longtime friend and broadcast partner Mike Shannon. In 2011, Randolph worked as a features reporter and interviewer for Cardinals broadcasts on Fox Sports Midwest.

Randolph was inducted into the Texas Radio Hall of Fame in 2005 and the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame in 2008.

Personal life
Randolph's son, Jay Jr., formerly provided commentary for the PGA Tour Network on XM Satellite Radio, and hosted a sports-talk show on KFNS radio (590 AM) in St. Louis.  He also appeared frequently on KFNS  590 AM) in St. Louis. Jay Jr. died from cancer in 2022.

References

1934 births
Living people
American Football League announcers
American horse racing announcers
American sports announcers
Olympic Games broadcasters
Bowling broadcasters
Cincinnati Reds announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
Dallas Cowboys announcers
Florida Marlins announcers
George Washington University alumni
Golf writers and broadcasters
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Football League announcers
National Hockey League broadcasters
People from Clarksburg, West Virginia
Jay
St. Louis Blues announcers
St. Louis Cardinals announcers
St. Louis Cardinals (football) announcers
Tampa Bay Buccaneers announcers
Miami Dolphins announcers

Jay Randolph


Bursitis is a painful condition. Small sacs called bursae get inflamed. Bursae are pockets between your muscles and your bones. Your bursa help you move without pain. In bursitis, the inflammation is often caused by extra fluid in the bursae. The most common places to have bursitis are in your hip and shoulder. You can also have bursitis in your elbow, knee and toe.

Symptoms
One of the most common symptoms of bursitis is pain. It can also cause stiffness and swelling. Pain happens when you move your joints.

Causes
The most common cause of bursitis is moving your joints too much. Swelling can happen when the joint locks.

Treatment
There are a few ways to treat bursitis. The best way to treat bursitis is to rest the joint and to lift it up. You can also put a medicine called cortisone into the hurt bursa. You should put it on ice for twenty minutes three to four times a day.

References

Diseases

Bursitis


Patrice Leconte (; born 12 November 1947) is a French film director, actor, comic strip writer, and screenwriter.

Life and career
Leconte grew up in Tours, and began making little amateur films at 15. He went to Paris in 1967 and studied at  Institut des hautes études cinématographiques. While attending film school in the late 1960s, Leconte also worked as a cartoonist, in particular for the  Franco-Belgian comics magazine Pilote. He directed his first feature film in 1976, and had a number of major successes with comedy films that were barely distributed outside France. He first came to international attention in 1989 with Monsieur Hire, which was shown at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival and which was a radical departure from his previous work. Although he had already directed more than half a dozen features, many foreign critics, unfamiliar with his previous work, essentially treated him as a newcomer. Since then, he has alternated between films such as Ridicule and L'homme du train which have had success in the international arthouse market, and others, like Les Grands Ducs, whose appeal has been limited to France.

In the 2000s, Patrice Leconte received more recognition in the United States with the successful United States releases of Girl on the Bridge, The Widow of Saint-Pierre, Man on the Train and Intimate Strangers (Paramount Classics released three of these films in the United States).  Ryan Mottesheard of IndieWIRE wrote: "you could even argue that no other foreign filmmaker (INCLUDING Pedro Almodóvar) has had as strong of an impact on United States arthouses."

An English language remake of Leconte's film Man on the Train was remade by an independent Hollywood studio in 2011, and two others are in 'development': Intimate Strangers and My Best Friend.

Patrice Leconte's film, The Suicide Shop, was screened at the Newport Beach Film Festival in Newport Beach, California, on 28 April and 2 May 2013.

Director

Notes
 Lisa Downing, Patrice Leconte (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004)

References

External links

 Patrice Leconte at Allmovie
 Short bio
 Interview with Patrice Leconte on The Widow of St. Pierre

1947 births
Living people
French male screenwriters
20th-century French screenwriters
21st-century French screenwriters
Best Director César Award winners
Filmmakers who won the Best Foreign Language Film BAFTA Award
French male film actors
20th-century French male actors
21st-century French male actors
Film directors from Paris

Patrice Leconte


Feng Xiaoting (; born 22 October 1985) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a centre-back.

Club career
Feng Xiaoting started his football career with Sichuan Guancheng in the 2003 league season where he quickly established himself as a regular. Despite being only 17 years old, he captained them for several games, making him the youngest club captain in professional Chinese football. In December 2003, Feng had a brief trial with Ligue 1 side FC Nantes but failed to join the club. His second season was considerably less productive after he suffered a serious injury and subsequently missed most of the 2004 league season.

As a promising youngster with top tier experience, Feng quickly drew the attentions of top tier side Dalian Shide and transferred to them in the 2005 league season even though he was still injured and missed much of the early stages of the season. Nevertheless, during the latter half of the season, he started to play a vital part in Dalian's push for the league and cup double, where he saw them win both. The following seasons though saw Feng play a smaller role within the club and it was only once then manager Ji Mingyi left before he started to establish himself as an integral member of the squad during the 2008 season.

Feng came close to signing with Serie A side A.C. Siena during the summer of 2008. Their sporting director Manuel Gerolin watched all of Chinese under-23 national team's matches during the 2008 Summer Olympics matches and was impressed by Feng, but problems with the player's registration delayed this possibility. With his contract about to end with Dalian, Feng received offers from K-League sides Chunnam Dragons, Jeju United and Daegu FC before the 2009 season. He eventually signed a two-year contract with Daegu FC on a free transfer. Feng made his debut for the club on 22 March 2009 in a 2–2 draw against Pohang Steelers. On 29 January 2010, Feng signed for K-League champions Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors on a free transfer. Feng did not have a starting role in the backline for Jeonbuk that season and was soon released by the club.

Feng decided to sign for Chinese Super League side Guangzhou Evergrande right before the start of the 2011 season. That year, with a tight defense only conceding 23 goals the entire season, saw Guangzhou win their first ever top tier title. In the 2012 season, Feng helped the club to a domestic double, winning both the top tier title and the Chinese FA Cup. The following campaign he would be an integral member of the team that not only won the league title, but also gained continental success by winning the 2013 AFC Champions League. More continued success would follow with another continental title with the 2015 AFC Champions League.

On 3 February 2020, Feng was loaned out to fellow top tier club Shanghai Shenhua for the 2020 Chinese Super League campaign. He would make his debut in a league game on 30 July 2020 against Shenzhen in a 3-2 victory. He would go on to make his move to Shenhua permanent the follow season where he would be a squad player for two seasons until his contract expired and he left the team on 1 February 2023.

International career
Feng was first called up to the Chinese national team by then manager Arie Haan who gave him his debut in a 2–0 win against Myanmar on 17 March 2004. The following manager Zhu Guanghu decided that Feng was too inexperienced for the senior team and Feng was instead part of the Chinese under-23 national team that played in the 2008 Summer Olympics where he was the first-choice centre back and was paired with Li Weifeng as China were knocked out in the group stage. After the tournament, Feng was promoted back to the national team once again when then manager Vladimir Petrović included him during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. He soon became a regular for the national team and went on to win the 2010 East Asian Football Championship. On 20 November 2018, Feng scored his first international goal in a 1–1 draw against Palestine.

Personal life
Feng married Zhao Yingying, who works for China's national television network CCTV, on 16 February 2009.

Career statistics

Club statistics
.

International statistics

International goals

Scores and results list China's goal tally first.

Honours

Club
Dalian Shide
Chinese Super League: 2005
Chinese FA Cup: 2005

Guangzhou Evergrande
Chinese Super League: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019
AFC Champions League: 2013, 2015
Chinese FA Cup: 2012, 2016
Chinese FA Super Cup: 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018

International
China PR national football team
East Asian Football Championship: 2005, 2010

Individual
Chinese Super League Team of the Year: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
Chinese Footballer of the Year: 2017

References

External links

 Chinese Player Record

1985 births
Living people
Chinese men's footballers
Footballers from Dalian
China men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for China
Sichuan First City F.C. players
Dalian Shide F.C. players
Daegu FC players
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors players
Guangzhou F.C. players
Shanghai Shenhua F.C. players
Chinese Super League players
K League 1 players
Chinese expatriate men's footballers
Chinese expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Men's association football defenders
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
Asian Games competitors for China

Feng Xiaoting


Central Bedfordshire College (formerly Dunstable College, also known as CBC) is a British further education college located in Bedfordshire, England. The college was established in 1961 in Dunstable. On 14 January 2010, the college was renamed Central Bedfordshire College.  Ali Hadawi CBE, principal and chief executive explained that the change of name was to reflect the College's commitment to Central Bedfordshire as a whole and be recognised as the premier post sixteen institution in the area.

Today, the college has four campuses across Central Bedfordshire, in Dunstable, Houghton Regis, Luton and Leighton Buzzard. The college offers a range of courses, full-time and part-time, vocational and academic, from further education to higher education.

The college was a co-sponsor of UTC Central Bedfordshire, a university technical college which operated at the Houghton Regis campus of Central Bedfordshire College from 2012 until 2016.

Courses include:

Dunstable
Further education colleges in Bedfordshire
Education in Central Bedfordshire District
Educational institutions established in 1961
Educational institutions established in 2010
1961 establishments in England
2010 establishments in England

Central Bedfordshire College


Smith College is a private liberal arts women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was chartered in 1871 by Sophia Smith and opened in 1875. It is the largest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of women's colleges in the Northeastern United States. Smith is also a member of the Five College Consortium, along with four other nearby institutions in the Pioneer Valley: Mount Holyoke College, Amherst College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst; students of each college are allowed to attend classes at any other member institution. On campus are Smith's Museum of Art and Botanic Garden, the latter designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.

Smith has 41 academic departments and programs and is structured around an open curriculum, lacking course requirements and scheduled final exams. Undergraduate admissions is exclusively restricted to women, although Smith announced a trans-inclusive admissions policy in 2015. Smith offers several graduate degrees, all of which accept applicants regardless of gender, and co-administers programs alongside other Five College Consortium members. The college was the first historically women's college to offer an undergraduate engineering degree. Admissions is considered selective. It was the first women's college to join the NCAA, and its sports teams are known as the Pioneers.

Smith alumnae include notable authors, journalists, activists, feminists, politicians, philanthropists, actresses, filmmakers, academics, businesswomen, CEOs, two First Ladies of the United States, and recipients of the Pulitzer Prize, Rhodes Scholarship, Academy Award, Emmy Award, MacArthur Grant, Peabody Award, and Tony Award.

History

Early history

The college was chartered in 1871 by a bequest of Sophia Smith and opened its doors in 1875 with 14 students and 6 faculty. When Smith inherited a fortune from her father at age 65, she decided to leave her inheritance to found a women's college was the best way for her to fulfill the moral obligation she expressed in her will:

The campus was planned and planted in the 1890s as a botanical garden and arboretum, designed by noted American landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted. The campus landscape now encompasses  and includes more than 1,200 varieties of trees and shrubs.

By 1915–16, the student enrollment was 1,724, and the faculty numbered 163. Today, with some 2,600 undergraduates on campus and 250 students studying elsewhere, Smith is the largest privately endowed college for women in the country.

United States Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School
The United States Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School at Smith College was training grounds for junior officers of the Women's Reserve of the U.S. Naval Reserve (WAVES) and was nicknamed "USS Northampton". On August 28, 1942, a total of 120 women reported to the school for training.

21st century
In April 2015, the faculty adopted an open-access policy to make its scholarship publicly accessible online.

On September 15, 2022, the Board of Trustees announced Sarah Willie-LeBreton had been selected as the 12th president of Smith College, effective July 1, 2023.

Presidents
Smith has been led by 11 presidents and two acting presidents. (Elizabeth Cutter Morrow was the first acting president of Smith College and the first female head of the college, but she did not use the title of president.) For the 1975 centennial, the college inaugurated its first woman president, Jill Ker Conway, who came to Smith from Australia by way of Harvard and the University of Toronto. Since President Conway's term, all Smith presidents have been women, with the exception of John M. Connolly's one-year term as acting president in the interim after President Simmons left to lead Brown University.
 Laurenus Clark Seelye 1875–1910
 Marion LeRoy Burton 1910–1917
 William Allan Neilson 1917–1939
 Elizabeth Cutter Morrow 1939–1940 (acting president)
 Herbert Davis 1940–1949
 Benjamin Fletcher Wright 1949–1959
 Thomas Corwin Mendenhall 1959–1975
 Jill Ker Conway 1975–1985
 Mary Maples Dunn 1985–1995
 Ruth Simmons 1995–2001
 John M. Connolly 2001–2002 (acting president)
 Carol T. Christ 2002–2013
 Kathleen McCartney 2013–2023
 Sarah Willie-LeBreton 2023–Present

Academics

Smith College has 285 professors in 41 academic departments and programs, for a faculty-student ratio of 1:9. It was the first women's college in the United States to grant its own undergraduate degrees in engineering. The Picker Engineering Program offers a single ABET accredited Bachelor of Science in engineering science, combining the fundamentals of multiple engineering disciplines.

In 2008, Smith joined the SAT optional movement for undergraduate admission.

Smith runs its own junior year abroad (JYA) programs in four European cities: Paris, Hamburg, Florence, and Geneva. These programs are notable for requiring all studies to be conducted in the language of the host country (with both Paris and Geneva programs conducted in French). In some cases, students live in homestays with local families. Nearly half of Smith's juniors study overseas, either through Smith JYA programs or at more than 40 other locations around the world.

Junior math majors from other undergraduate institutions are invited to study at Smith College for one year through the Center for Women in Mathematics. Established in the fall of 2007 by Professors Ruth Haas and Jim Henle, the program aims to allow young women to improve their mathematical abilities through classwork, research, and involvement in a department centered on women. The Center also offers a post-baccalaureate year of math study to women who did not major in mathematics as undergraduates or whose mathematics major was not strong.

The Louise W. and Edmund J. Kahn Liberal Arts Institute supports collaborative research without regard to the traditional boundaries of academic departments and programs. Each year the institute supports long-term and short-term projects proposed, planned, and organized by members of the Smith College faculty. By becoming Kahn Fellows, students get involved in interdisciplinary research projects and work alongside faculty and visiting scholars for a year.

Students can develop leadership skills through Smith's two-year Phoebe Reese Lewis Leadership Program. Participants train in public speaking, analytical thinking, teamwork strategies, and the philosophical aspects of leadership.

Through Smith's internship program, "Praxis: The Liberal Arts at Work," all undergraduates are guaranteed access to one college-funded internship during their years at the college. This program enables students to access interesting self-generated internship positions in social welfare and human services, the arts, media, health, education, and other fields.

Its most popular undergraduate majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:
Research & Experimental Psychology (49)
Biology/Biological Sciences (48)
Political Science & Government (45)
Engineering Science (36)
History (30)
English Language & Literature (25)
Mathematics (23)
Economics (23)
Computer Science (22)

Ada Comstock Scholars Program

The Ada Comstock Scholars Program is an undergraduate degree program that serves Smith students of nontraditional college age. The program accommodates approximately 100 women ranging in age from mid-twenties to over sixty. Ada Comstock Scholars attend the same classes as traditional undergraduates, either full or part-time, and participate fully in a variety of extracurricular activities. They may live on or off campus. Financial aid is available to each Ada Comstock Scholar with demonstrated need.

Beginning in 1968, with the approval of the Committee on Educational Policy, Smith College initiated a trial program loosely titled The Continuing Education Degree for several women of non-traditional age who were looking to complete their unfinished degrees. Their successes inspired President Thomas C. Mendenhall and Dean Alice Dickinson to officially expand the program. In January 1975, the Ada Comstock Scholars Program has formally established under President Jill Ker Conway and in the fall of that year, forty-five women were enrolled. The students range in age, background, and geographical location. The growth of the program peaked at just over 400 students in 1988.

The program is named for Ada Louise Comstock Notestein (1876–1973), an 1897 Smith graduate, professor of English and dean of Smith from 1912 to 1923, and president of Radcliffe College from 1923 to 1943. Ada Comstock Notestein devoted much of her life to the academic excellence of women. Considering education and personal growth to be a lifelong process, she stayed actively involved in women's higher education until her death at the age of 97.

Graduate degrees and study options

Smith's graduate program is open to applicants of any gender. Degrees offered are Master of Arts in teaching (elementary, middle or high school), master of fine arts, master of education of the deaf, Master of Science in biological sciences, Master of Science in exercise and sport studies and master and Ph.D. in social work. In special one-year programs, international students may qualify for a certificate of graduate studies or a diploma in American studies. Each year approximately 100 men and women pursue advanced graduate work at Smith.

Also offered as a non-degree studies program is the Diploma in American Studies. This is a highly competitive one-year program open only to international students of advanced undergraduate or graduate standing. It is designed primarily, although not exclusively, for those who are teaching or who plan to teach some aspect of American culture and institutions.

The Smith College School for Social Work is nationally recognized for its specialization in clinical social work and puts a heavy emphasis on direct field work practice. The program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education. The school offers a Master of Social Work (M.S.W.) degree as well as a Ph.D. program designed to prepare MSWs for leadership positions in clinical research education and practice.

The college has a limited number of other programs leading to Ph.D.s and is part of a cooperative doctoral program co-administered by Amherst College, Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Admissions and rankings

Admissions
The 2022 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes Smith as 'most selective'.

For the Class of 2027 (enrolling fall 2023), Smith received 9,868 applications (reflecting a 36 percent increase over last year), accepted 1,875 (19.0%), and enrolled 630. Smith's applicant pool has increased 36 percent over the past year, which the college attributes to the decision to move to 'loan-free' financial aid. The middle 50% range of SAT scores was 670–750 for critical reading and 670–770 for math, while the middle 50% range for the ACT composite score was 31–34 for enrolled first-year students. The average SAT for Smith College is 1430 even though Smith is also a test-optional college.

Rankings

U.S. News & World Reports 2021 rankings placed Smith tied for the 15th overall best liberal arts college in the U.S., and rated it eighth for "Best Value", tied for 17th in "Best Undergraduate Engineering Program" at schools where doctorate not offered, tied for 19th in "Best Undergraduate Teaching", and tied for 94th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility". In 2019, Forbes rated Smith 81st overall in its America's Top Colleges ranking of 650 military academies, national universities, and liberal arts colleges. Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Smith 16th in its 2019 ranking of 149 best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.  For 2020, Washington Monthly ranked Smith 23rd among 218 liberal arts colleges in the U.S. based on its contribution to the public good, as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service. Smith College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Traditions

Residential culture and student life
Smith requires most undergraduate students to live in on-campus houses unless they reside locally with their families. This policy is intended to add to the camaraderie and social cohesion of its students. Unlike most institutions of its type, Smith College does not have dorms, but rather 36 separate houses, ranging in architectural style from 18th-century to contemporary. It is rumored the architecture of Chapin House was the inspiration for the Tara Plantation House in Gone with the Wind. (Author Margaret Mitchell went to Smith for one year and lived in Chapin.) A novelty of Smith's homelike atmosphere is the continuing popularity of Sophia Smith's recipe for molasses cookies. These are often served at the traditional Friday afternoon tea held in each house, where students, faculty and staff members, and alumnae socialize.

Two cultural spaces on campus are used by students of color to build their community: the Mwangi Cultural Center and Unity House. Mwangi originally opened as the Afro-American Cultural Center in 1968 but was later renamed in honor of the first female physician in Kenya, and Smith alum, Dr. Ng'endo Mwangi ('61). After loaning Mwangi to the other cultural organizations on campus for four years, the Black Students' Alliance decided to reclaim Mwangi in April 1990. Leaders, members, and supporters of cultural organizations got together to form a group called UNITY, in October of the same year, to demand a space for other cultural organizations. Today, Unity House serves as a home to the 11 cultural organizations on campus.

Two recent additions to the campus, both of which enhance its sense of community, are the architecturally dramatic Julia McWilliams Child '34 Campus Center and the state-of-the-art Olin Fitness Center.

In 2009, construction was also completed on Ford Hall, a new science and engineering facility. According to the Smith College website, Ford Hall is a "...facility that will intentionally blur the boundaries between traditional disciplines, creating an optimum environment for students and faculty to address key scientific and technological developments of our time." The building was officially dedicated on October 16, 2009.

The campus also boasts a botanic garden that includes a variety of specialty gardens including a rock garden and historic glass greenhouses dating back to 1895. The botanic garden formerly featured a Japanese tea hut, which was removed in October 2015 following concerns over "issues of safety and vandalism."

Smith offers "panel discussions and seminars for lesbian, bisexual, and transgender students on subjects such as coming out as transgender at work." In 2003, Smith students voted to remove pronouns from the language of the Student Government Association constitution, in order to make that document inclusive of transgender students who don't identify with the pronouns "she" and "her."

Until 2013, transgender women were not allowed to attend Smith unless all their legal documentation consistently stated they were female. This policy came to public attention in March 2013 when Smith rejected the application of a trans woman named Calliope Wong. In the rejection letter, Smith's Dean of Admission Debra Shaver wrote "Your FAFSA indicates your gender as male. Therefore, Smith cannot process your application." This policy was changed in 2013 to only require all nonlegal application materials to indicate a female identity, including references. Not satisfied with the change, students as well as various alumni formed the group Q&A ("Queers and Allies") to advocate for more trans-inclusive policies. Q&A subsequently protested the policy on Facebook and other social media websites, as well as staging protests on campus that garnered significant media attention. In 2014, Smith formed an Admissions Policy Study Group, co-chaired by Daphne Lamothe and Audrey Smith, who at the time were an associate professor of Afro-American studies and vice president for enrollment, respectively. The group recommended that to be considered for admission to Smith, applicants live and/or identify as a woman, check the "female" box when applying and that the President establish a working group to support all trans and non-binary students at Smith. These recommendations went to the faculty and the Board of Trustees and in 2015, Smith announced a new policy that only required female identification on the common application. Under the policy, transgender men and non-binary or genderqueer applicants are not eligible for admission. This new policy also affirms that any student who, once admitted, transitions to another identity other than "female" and, who completes the college's graduation requirements, will be awarded a Smith degree. The Resource Center for Sexuality and Gender; The Office for Equity and Inclusion and its Trans/Non-binary Working Group; Transcending Gender, a student group focused on support and education; and the Transgender Support Group run by Counseling Services work to support trans and non-binary students at Smith across the gender identity spectrum.

In the fall of 2018, students at Smith protested after a Smith employee called the police on a black student working at Smith over the summer when the employee saw her in a common space. Organized by the Black Students' Alliance and the Smith African & Caribbean Students Association, students protested and walked out of the annual Smith convocation. While the incident received national attention and news coverage, Smith conducted an independent investigation and investigators found that there was no bias in the incident. In response to the incident, Smith hosted an Inclusion and Diversity Conference on April 10, 2019, featuring workshops and presenters run by various members of the Smith community. However, during that time another controversy arose: the hiring of Mount Holyoke College and Smith's joint police chief, Daniel Hect. Students from both campuses brought to their administrators' attention the fact that Hect had "liked" right-wing tweets on Twitter, such as Donald Trump tweeting "Build that Wall!" and a tweet from the National Rifle Association of America, before deleting his account once the conflict with students began. At the conference, students protested a presentation from the campus police, including Hect, about policing in a diverse community. Protests continued the next day when hundreds of students participated in a sit-in organized by the group Students for Social Justice and Institutional Change outside of John M. Greene Hall. The coalition presented a broad list of demands to the administration, proposing reform to many sectors of campus life, including curriculum, health and counseling services, accessibility, policing, admissions policies, and affinity housing. In response to the demands, Smith launched a working group charged with identifying key themes in response to the day of inclusion and ensuing protests and revamped the Office of Equity and Inclusion, adding programmatic changes, new or modified positions, training and development opportunities and new events to promote inclusion and equity.

In October 2020, Smith alumna Jodi Shaw, then Student Support Coordinator in the Department of Residence Life, began posting videos commenting on mandated diversity training for staff at Smith College on her YouTube channel. Shaw characterized the training as contributing to a climate of "harassment, discrimination, and hostility" at the college, especially for staff. On February 19, 2021, columnist Bari Weiss published Shaw's resignation letter on Weiss's Substack blog. In it, Shaw described the implementation of the training as "psychologically abusive" and the culture as "deeply hostile and fearful." She alleged that the college had "offered a settlement in exchange for my silence, but I turned it down". On February 22, Smith College published a letter from President Kathleen McCartney alleging that an unnamed former employee had accused the college of "creating a racially hostile environment for white people, a baseless claim that the college flatly denies," and that "it was the employee herself who demanded payment of an exceptionally large sum in exchange for dropping a threatened legal claim and agreeing to standard confidentiality provisions." McCartney affirmed that the college's "commitment to, and strategies for, advancing equity and inclusion are grounded in evidence."

On February 24, 2021, the New York Times reported on worsening tensions between students, staff, and administrators around issues of racial justice and the college's diversity training. President McCartney stated that "Good training is never about making people too uncomfortable or to feel ashamed or anything. I think our staff is content and are embracing it." A former janitor told the paper that he had gone through numerous training sessions in race and intersectionality at Smith and that they had left staff workers cynical.

Houses

Smith College has many different houses serving as dormitories. Each house is self-governing. While many students remain in the same house for the entirety of their four years at Smith, they are not obligated to do so and may move to different houses on campus as space allows. While houses previously collected dues, in the 2019–2020 school year they were eradicated to avoid placing financial pressure on low-income students or students who were otherwise unable to pay without sacrificing funding for the House.

Houses are found in four main regions of campus: Upper and Lower Elm Street, Green Street, Center Campus, and the Quadrangle. Each part can, in turn, be divided into smaller areas to more precisely provide the location of the house in question. In 2019, the college shifted from officially recognizing the four main areas of campus to instead categorizing houses in four neighborhoods: Ivy, Paradise, Mountain, and Garden. This change was largely internal and categorizes houses by size rather than location.

Green Street houses
 Hubbard House – Hubbard House is the residence of fictional President Selina Meyer from the HBO Show Veep. Julia Child resided in this house during her time at Smith.
 Lawrence House – Sylvia Plath resided in this house during her time at Smith.
 Morris House – Morris was built in 1891, with its sister house Lawrence to help accommodate the growing student body. It is named after Kate Morris Cone, Smith College class of 1879.
 Tyler House – Named after William Seymour Tyler, one of the original trustees of the college. Former First Lady Barbara Bush lived here before she left to marry George Bush.
 Washburn House – Washburn is named for former trustee and senator William B. Washburn. During the Second World War, the house served as a Spanish-speaking residence for students unable to study abroad.
 44 Green Street
 54 Green Street

Center Campus houses
 Cutter House
 Chapin House – Author Margaret Mitchell lived here. Chapin's staircase served as the inspiration for the staircase of Scarlett O'Hara's Tara in Gone With the Wind.
 Haven/Wesley Houses
 Hopkins House
 Park Complex
Park Annex – one of two new Affinity houses at Smith College, houses that cater to minority identities on campus.
 Sessions Complex – the oldest house on the Smith campus. It has a secret passageway.
 Tenney House
 Ziskind House

Upper Elm Street houses

 Capen House – Built in 1825 by Samuel Howe, the founder of Northampton Law School, it became part of the Capen School in 1883 and was willed to the college by the school's founder in 1921. It is designed in the Classical Revival style. It is named after the founder of the Capen School, Bessie Talbot Capen.
 Gillett House – Connected to Northrop house via a breezeway, Gillett houses the only vegan/vegetarian dining hall on campus.
 Lamont House – Built in 1955, Lamont House was the first house constructed after the construction of the Quad houses in 1936. Named for alumna Florence Corliss Lamont, who earned her A.B. in 1893 and later an M.A. from Columbia. She married Harvard graduate and future Smith Trustee Thomas Lamont and had four children. Throughout her life, she would continue to give generously to her alma mater. Lamont House is just across Elm Street, tucked behind Northrop and Gillett Houses. Lamont houses 83 students.
 Northrop House
 Parsons Complex
Parsons Annex – one of two new Affinity houses at Smith College, houses that cater to minority identities on campus.
 Talbot House – Built in 1909 as part of the Capen School, it was willed to the college in 1921. Its mascot is the moose. US First Lady Nancy Reagan '43 lived here during her time at Smith. It is also named for Bessie Talbot Capen.

Lower Elm Street houses
 Albright House
 Baldwin House – U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin ('84) was a Baldwin House resident during her time at Smith College.
 Chase House – Once a school for girls from the 1870s until 1968 when it was acquired as housing for the college. It was once a Junior & Senior only house and now serves as a substance-free residence. Named after Mary Ellen Chase, a writer, and English professor.
 Conway House – A residence for Ada Comstock Scholars and their families, named after Smith President Jill Ker Conway
 Duckett House
 150 Elm Street

East Quadrangle houses
 Cushing House – named for math professor Eleanor P. Cushing; Gloria Steinem resided here during her time at Smith.
 Emerson House
 Jordan House – Built in 1922 and named for the longtime head of the Smith English Department, Mary Augusta Jordan.
 King House – Named for Franklin King, who served as the superintendent of building and grounds at Smith for 50 years
 Scales House -King's "sister house," was named after Laura Woolsey Lord Scales, who graduated from Smith in 1901 and was the school's first dean of students

West Quadrangle houses
 Comstock House – Named after Ada Comstock class of 1897, former dean of the college and president of Radcliffe College
 Gardiner House
 Morrow House – Named after Elizabeth Cutter Morrow, class of 1896 and former acting president of the college
 Wilder House
 Wilson House – Named after Martha Wilson, class of 1895
 Paradise Apartments – each complex is named after a notable Smith Alum

Campus folklore
Smith has numerous folk tales and ghost stories emerging from the histories of some of its historic buildings. It was named the most haunted college in America by College Consensus. One such tale holds Sessions House is inhabited by the ghost of Lucy Hunt, who died of a broken heart after being separated from her lover, General Burgoyne. Reports of a ghost in Sessions House predate its history as a campus house. Built in 1751 by the Hunt family, the house has a secret staircase where, according to legend, the Hunt's eldest daughter Lucy would rendezvous with her lover, General Burgoyne. The two were ultimately driven apart, and in the 1880s it was believed the ghost of a heartbroken Burgoyne haunted the staircase. Since Sessions House became part of college housing in the 20th century, the specter has taken on a decidedly feminine identity, and some former residents of Sessions claim to have seen Lucy's ghost in the stairwell.

Clubs, sports, and organizations
In addition to its 11 varsity sports, there are currently more than 120 clubs and organizations that cater to Smith students' variety of interests. There are options that can be found based on academic, political, cultural, and athletic interests. If a student doesn't find an organization that fits their specific interest or need, they can create their own.

Athletics
Smith's athletic teams have been known as the Pioneers since 1986. The name expresses the spirit of Smith's students and the college's leading role in women's athletics (the first women's basketball game was played at Smith in 1893).

A new spirit mark was unveiled to the Smith community in December 2008. The new visual identity for Smith's sports teams marks the culmination of a yearlong project to promote visibility and enthusiasm for Smith's intercollegiate and club teams—and to generate school spirit broadly. The spirit mark is used for athletics uniforms, casual apparel, and promotional items for clubs and organizations. As Smith was the first women's college to join the NCAA, the new mark is seen as linking the college's pioneering alumnae athletes to their equally determined and competitive counterparts today. Smith athletes won some of the early national intercollegiate women's tennis championships in singles (Louise Raymond, 1938 and 1939) and doubles (1933, 1935, 1938 and 1948).

Smith College does not have college colors in the usual sense. Its official color is white, trimmed with gold, but the official college logo is blue and yellow (a previous logo was burgundy and white). NCAA athletic teams have competed in blue and white (or blue and yellow, in the case of the soccer, crew, swimming, and squash teams) uniforms since the 1970s and selected Pioneers as the official name and mascot in 1986. Popular club sports are free to choose their own colors and mascot; both Rugby and Fencing have chosen red and black.

Smith has a rotating system of class colors dating back to the 1880s when intramural athletics and other campus competitions were usually held by class. Today, class colors are yellow, red, blue, and green, with incoming first-year classes assigned the color of the previous year's graduating class; their color then "follows" them through to graduation. Alumnae classes, particularly at reunions, continue to identify with and use their class color thereafter.

Cultural organizations
There are 11 chartered cultural organizations that fall under the UNITY title: the Asian Students' Association (ASA), Black Students' Alliance (BSA), Chinese Interregional Student Cultural Org (CISCO), South Asian Student Association of Smith (EKTA), Indigenous Smith Students and Allies (ISSA), International Students Organization (ISO), Korean Students Association (KSA), the Latin American Students Organization (LASO), Multiethnic Interracial Smith College (MISC), Smithies of Caribbean Ancestry (SOCA), and the Vietnamese Students Association (VSA). Smith College Website Multicultural Affairs The Black Students' Alliance is the oldest of all Unity organizations. In the Fall of 2012, as an effort to document the history of students of color on the Smith campus, the Weaving Voices Archives Project was created.

Academic year eventsConvocation signals the start of the fall semester. For new students, it is the first chance to experience Smith College's tradition and spirit. Likewise, for some returning students, the annual event is like a big, welcome-home party as well as an occasion for celebration and an opportunity for creative attire. House communities develop imaginative themes for group fashion, and Smith seniors put special touches on favorite hats to create their own unique "senior hats," to be worn for the first time at Convocation.Mountain Day is observed early in the fall semester. The president of the college selects a crisp, sunny, beautiful autumn day when the leaves are in full color, and announces the cancellation of classes by having bells rung on campus at 7:15 AM on the chosen day. The eager anticipation of Mountain Day leads to intense speculation about meteorology by students in the weeks leading up to the surprise announcement. Traditional observance of Mountain Day by students might involve New England road trips or outdoor pursuits, and college dining services provides box lunches to be taken off-campus. Many of the Houses go apple picking together.Cromwell Day, named for Smith's first African-American student, Otelia Cromwell, and her niece Adelaide Cromwell, began in 1989 to provide students with an in-depth program specifically addressing issues of racism and diversity. Afternoon classes are canceled, and students are invited to participate in lectures, workshops, symposia, and cultural events focused on a different theme each year. In 2020, Otelia Cromwell Day was renamed "Cromwell Day" to simultaneously honor Otelia Cromwell's niece Adelaide Cromwell, Smith College's first African-American faculty member.Rally Day In February 1876, the college began an annual observance of George Washington's birthday. In 1894, a rally became part of the day's events, and the focus of the celebration became primarily patriotic rather than exclusively social—though always with a women's college twist. Students that year staged a mock debate on the subject, "Does Higher Education Unfit a Man for Domestic Life?" In 1906 the celebration was first referred to as Rally Day (although the name was not used officially by the college until 1992). In 1944, seniors made Rally Day the first public wearing of their graduation caps and gowns; since then, mortarboards have been replaced by wacky, often homemade hats. Today, the Rally Day Convocation is centered on a historical theme and features a distinguished keynote speaker and the awarding of Smith College Medals to accomplished alumnae.

Reunions and commencement events
The Alumnae Association of Smith College hosts official class reunions every five years. All alumnae from all classes are welcome to return in any year; "off-year" alumnae attend campus-wide events as the "Class of 1776."

Traditional reunion and Commencement events are linked, and celebrate the close ties between Smith's alumnae and its graduating seniors and their families. At the conclusion of final exams, most underclassmen leave the campus, while seniors remain in their houses for a week to celebrate and prepare for Commencement. Alumnae arrive for reunions later in the week, and many alumnae arrange for official accommodations in the campus houses, right alongside senior residents.Ivy Day, the day before Commencement, is the high point of reunion and a significant event for seniors as well. Junior ushers lead a parade through campus, carrying vines of ivy to be planted by the departing seniors as a symbol of their lifelong connection to the college. Alumnae (and, often, their children), dressed in white and wearing sashes in their class color, line up in reverse order by class along both sides of the route. Seniors line up nearest the end of the parade route, wearing traditional white outfits and each carrying a single red rose. All cheer each alumnae class as it marches past, then fall in to join the end of the parade. Many alumnae classes carry signs with humorous poems or slogans, or hold balloons or wear hats in their class color. Ivy Day festivities conclude in the Quad, where the seniors plant their ivy and speakers address alumnae on the progress of fundraising and the state of the college.Illumination Night, beginning at dusk on the Saturday evening before Commencement, is a celebration of the campus and a send-off of sorts for graduating seniors. Throughout the central campus, electric street lights are replaced for one night by multicolored Japanese-style paper lanterns, lit with real candles. These hang on both sides of every walking path and cast a soft glow over the buildings and lawns. Student a cappella singing groups and improv comedy troupes roam the campus, stopping occasionally to entertain the crowds. A jazz band, hired by the college, turns the science building's courtyard into a dance floor. Seniors, alumnae, faculty, and their families spend the evening on walking tours of the illuminated campus and Botanic Gardens. The major official event of the night is the Senior Step Sing: seniors gather on the steps of Neilson Library, where they are serenaded by members of the Sophomore Push''' committee and then are physically pushed off the stairs and "into the real world."

Until the early 1990s, all alumnae reunions were held during Commencement weekend. However, as the number of returning alumnae grew beyond the capacity of the campus, reunions were split into Reunion I/Commencement Weekend and Reunion II, held the following weekend. "Significant" reunions (50-, 25- and 10- year, but also 2-year) and the earliest reunion classes (65-year and prior) are assigned to Reunion I; other reunions (5-, 15-, 20-, 30-year, and so on) are assigned to Reunion II.

There have been several controversies surrounding commencement over the years. See Smith College commencement controversies to learn more.

Environmental sustainability

Smith has taken numerous steps toward environmental sustainability, including a 30% reduction in energy use. Also, through a contract with Zipcar, the college has reduced the need for individually owned-cars on campus. Complementing this effort, the college has also promoted sustainability through academics and through the arts.

In keeping with its sustainability efforts, all Smith dining locations have discontinued the use of "to-go" supplies which included paper cups and plates, as well as plastic utensils. They now encourage students to bring their own, reusable containers and utensils if they wish to bring food back to their rooms. Smith College provides all students with a reusable drink container at the beginning of each academic year. In past years, these containers have been variations on travel mugs, Sigg bottles, and Nalgene. Those dining halls that still offer "To-Go" options no longer provide paper bags and instead use wax paper bags, biodegradable plastic, and recyclable utensils made of vegetable cellulose. In the fall of 2017, Smith dining halls began to offer plastic Tupperware containers students may borrow and return to the dining halls to be washed.

For Smith's efforts regarding sustainability, the institution earned a grade of "A−" on the "College Sustainability Report Card 2010" administered by the Sustainable Endowments Institute. Smith was lauded for many of the indicator categories, including student involvement, green building, and transportation, but was marked down for endowment transparency.

Notable alumnae

Among the more notable of Smith College's alumnae in chronological order are:

 Otelia Cromwell (class of 1900): first African-American graduate of Smith College and the first African American woman to receive a doctorate from Yale
 Blanche Hinman Dow (class of 1913): former president of the American Association of University Women
Clara Savage Littledale (Class of 1913): writer and war reporter for Good Housekeeping, and Parents editor for over thirty years.
 Eunice Carter (class of 1921): first female African-American assistant district attorney for the state of New York, active in the prosecution of mob boss Charles "Lucky" Luciano
 Margaret Mitchell (class of 1922): author of Gone with the Wind, did not graduate from Smith
 Mary Watson Weaver (class of 1925): composer and poet
 Julia Child (class of 1934): chef, author, and television personality
 Madeleine L'Engle (class of 1941): author best known for A Wrinkle in Time Betty Friedan (class of 1942): feminist and author of The Feminine Mystique Nancy Reagan (class of 1943): First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989
 Penny Chenery (class of 1943): sportswoman, racehorse breeder, and owner, horse racing advocate
 Jean Harris (class of 1945): headmistress of the Madeira School who murdered her ex-lover Herman Tarnower in a jealous rage
 Rhoda Dorsey (class of 1946): historian and first woman president of Goucher College
 Barbara Bush (class of 1947): former First Lady of the United States, did not graduate from Smith
 Mary Otis Stevens (class of 1949): American architect
 Natalie Babbitt (class of 1954): notable illustrator and author of Tuck Everlasting Sylvia Plath (class of 1955): poet, novelist, and short story author
 Gloria Steinem (class of 1956): founder of Ms. magazine and noted feminist, activist, and journalist
 Lynden B. Miller (class of 1960): public garden designer, park advocate, and author
 Jane Yolen (class of 1960): children's book author
 Ng'endo (Florence) Mwangi (class of 1961): Kenya's first woman physician
 Anne Mollegen Smith (née Anne Rush Mollegen), (class of 1961), first woman editor-in-chief of Redbook
 Jane Harman (class of 1966): U.S. Representative for California's 36th Congressional District
 Molly Ivins (class of 1966): journalist, political commentator, and humorist
 Shelly Lazarus (class of 1968): former CEO and chairman of Ogilvy & Mather
 Niki Tsongas (class of 1968): U.S. Representative for Massachusetts' 3rd Congressional District
 Catharine MacKinnon (class of 1968): notable proponent of radical feminism, scholar, lawyer, teacher and activist
 Laura D'Andrea Tyson (class of 1969): economist; Director of the National Economic Council
 Yolanda King (class of 1976): activist
 Christine McCarthy (class of 1977): Chief Financial Officer of The Walt Disney Company
 Ann M. Martin (class of 1978): author of The Babysitter's Club Phebe Novakovic (class of 1979): Chairman and CEO of General Dynamics
 Ruth Ozeki (class of 1980): author of A Tale for the Time Being Margaret Edson (class of 1983): winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Drama
 Tammy Baldwin (class of 1984): United States Senator; first openly LGBT person to be elected to congress
 Tori Murden (class of 1985): the first woman to row solo across the Atlantic Ocean, and to ski to the geographic South Pole
 Thelma Golden (class of 1987): Director and Chief Curator of The Studio Museum in Harlem
 Durreen Shahnaz (class of 1989): founder of Impact Investment Exchange (IIX)
Becca Balint (class of 1990): current member of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont
 Jennifer Chrisler (class of 1992): executive director of the Family Equality Council
 Piper Kerman (class of 1992): Orange Is the New Black author, lived in Chapin House
 Deborah Archer (class of 1993): first Black person to be elected President of American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
 Kim Janey (class of 1994): first woman and first Black person to serve as mayor of the City of Boston
 Hanya Yanagihara (class of 1995): author and editor
 Emily W. Murphy (class of 1995) Administrator of the General Services Administration under Donald Trump
 Dorie Clark, (class of 1997): author and executive education professor
 Luma Mufleh (class of 1997): founder and director of Fugees Family, Inc.
 Cass Bird (class of 1999): fashion photographer
 Erin Morgenstern (class of 2000): The Night Circus author
 Sara Haines (class of 2000): co-host of The View, ABC News correspondent
 Rubaiyat Hossain (class of 2002): filmmaker of feature films Under Construction and Made in Bangladesh
 Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy (class of 2002): documentarian, winner of two Academy Awards
 Julia Scott (class of 2002): NPR and New York Times journalist
 Kimberly Drew (class of 2012): art curator and cultural critic

Notable staff

 Herbert Baxter Adams (1850–1901), educator, historian, and cofounder of the American Historical Association taught history at Smith from 1878 to 1881.
 Newton Arvin, American literary critic and academic
 Leonard Baskin, an artist who taught at Smith from 1953 to 1974
 Mary Ellen Chase, educator and author, taught English at Smith from 1926 to 1955.
 Emily Hale, speech and drama teacher, and muse of T.S. Eliot
 Louise Holland (1893–1990), academic, philologist and archaeologist, taught here from 1957 to 1964
 Yusef Abdul Lateef, an American jazz multi-instrumentalist and composer, thought to be one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, taught at Smith during the early 2000s.
 Sylvia Plath (1932–1963), an American poet and erudite, was an English professor from 1957 to 1958.
 Kurt Vonnegut, served as Writer-in-Residence during the 2000–2001 school year
 Jane Zielonko, translator of The Captive Mind (1953), taught English at Smith from 1946.

In 1960, three Smith professors, one who had been there for 38 years, were fired or "allowed to retire" for being gay. This was chronicled in a book (The Scarlet Professor—Newton Arvin: A Literary Life Shattered by Scandal (Doubleday, 2001), by Barry Werth), and the PBS Independent Lens film, The Great Pink Scare''. It was also depicted in an opera based on Werth's book in 2017 at Amherst College. In 2002, Smith, the nation's largest liberal arts college for women, acknowledged a wrong from four decades earlier by creating a lecture series and a small scholarship—the $100,000 Dorius/Spofford Fund for the Study of Civil Liberties and Freedom of Expression, and the Newton Arvin Prize in American Studies, a $500 annual stipend. But despite faculty appeals, there was no apology.

See also
 Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
 College Archives (Smith College)
 Smith College commencement controversies
 SS Smith Victory – a cargo ship named after Smith College
 Tofu Curtain

References

Bibliography

 Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. Alma Mater: Design and Experience in the Women's Colleges from Their Nineteenth-Century Beginnings to the 1930s, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993 (2nd edition).

External links

 The Sophian, Smith's student newspaper

1871 establishments in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Northampton, Massachusetts
Universities and colleges established in 1871
Liberal arts colleges in Massachusetts
Seven Sister Colleges
Universities and colleges in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Women's universities and colleges in the United States
Private universities and colleges in Massachusetts

Smith College


Amorio (, ) is a village in the municipal unit of Orfeas, northeastern Evros, Greece. It is situated at 2 km from the right bank of the river Evros, that forms the border with Turkey here. Amorio is 6 km northeast of Lavara, 7 km southwest of Didymoteicho and 21 km west of Uzunköprü (Turkey). The Greek National Road 51/E85 (Alexandroupoli - Orestiada - Svilengrad) and the railway from Alexandroupoli to Didymoteicho pass through the village.

Historical population

History
After the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, the area of Western Thrace became part of Bulgaria. As a result of the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly, it became a part of Greece. Amorio suffered damage from floods in 2005.

See also
List of settlements in the Evros regional unit

External links
 http://www.e-evros.gr/index.php?lang=en

References

Populated places in Evros (regional unit)
Soufli
Orfeas

Amorio, Evros


The Milwaukee Chiefs were a professional American football team based in Wisconsin that competed in the third American Football League in 1940 and in 1941.

The team played its home games in the Dairy Bowl at State Fair Park in West Allis, a suburb just west of Milwaukee.  Originally formed as an expansion team for the minor league formerly known as the American Professional Football Association for the 1940 season, the new team joined fellow AFL members Cincinnati Bengals and Columbus Bullies in becoming charter members of a new major-league AFL (the triple defection triggered the demise of the minor league, allowing the new major league to adopt the AFL name). The team president was George M. Harris, and the head coach was Tiny Cahoon.

The team's first training camp in 1940 was held at Weyauwega in Waupaca County. The second camp in 1941 was closer to home, with lights, at West Bend in Washington County.

In the two seasons of the league's existence, the Chiefs fielded a competitive team. In 1940, the team scored the most points and gave up the fewest over the course of the season, but lost to Columbus in the final game to give the league championship to the Bullies. The following year, the Chiefs and the Bullies were joined by the New York Americans in a three-way race for the championship, with the Chiefs' continuing inability to defeat the Bullies (losing in Columbus and tying in Milwaukee) led to Columbus repeating as AFL champions and Milwaukee finishing third.

For the two years of the league's existence, the Chiefs were a popular draw as they played in Wisconsin's largest stadium. The AFL had accepted the 1941 entrance of a new Detroit team and deferred it until 1942, but the Pearl Harbor attack and the subsequent U.S. entry into World War II put all plans for football to a halt. In September 1942, league president William B. Cox announced the suspension of league activities until after the war, but the league – and the Chiefs – never returned.

References

Defunct American football teams
American football teams established in 1940
1940 establishments in Wisconsin
Sports in Milwaukee
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1942
American Football League (1940) teams

Milwaukee Chiefs (AFL)


The name Beloeil or Belœil is the name of two municipalities. It has also been applied to various events and locations linked with these two municipalities.

Municipalities
The name has been applied to two municipalities. Despite the similarity, it appears the two names have independent linguistic origins.

Belœil, a municipality in Hainaut, Belgium famous for its castle, with a population of 13 347 inhabitants.
Beloeil, a city in Quebec, Canada, near Montreal, with a population of 18 927 inhabitants.

Related Locations and Events
The Château of Belœil, a castle in the Belgian Belœil, seat of the House of Ligne.
Mont Beloeil, an older name for Mont Saint-Hilaire, a mountain across the Richelieu River from the Canadian Beloeil.
The Seigneury of Beloeil, a French colonial administrative division including what is now Beloeil, Quebec.
The Beloeil train disaster, an alternate name for the St-Hilaire train disaster, which killed 99 on June 29, 1864 near Beloeil, Quebec.

Beloeil


The Worumbo Mill was a historic mill on the bank of the Androscoggin River in Lisbon Falls, Maine.  Founded in 1864, it was at one point the community's largest employer.  Its main building, dating to its founding, was destroyed by fire in 1987.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and was delisted in 2017.

Description
The surviving elements of the Worumbo Mill stand on the northern bank of the Androscoggin River, just south of the center of the village of Lisbon Falls.  Originally a sprawling utilitarian 19th-century building adorned with additions and decorative towers, only two 1920 concrete buildings, one of one story and the other of three, stand today.  Both are set close to Canal Street, adjacent to the dam (now used for hydroelectric generation) that provided power to the mill.

History
The Worumbo Mill began as the brainchild of two residents of Lisbon Falls, Edward Plummer and H.A. Tibbetts.  Later, Oliver Moses, a businessman from Bath was brought in as they sought to build a factory producing fine woolens.  Ground was broken in 1864 and production began in 1865, with Mr. Moses as president of the company.  Operating losses were substantial that first year at $100,000.  This amount is roughly equivalent to $2 million today.  During the 1920s an expansion was added to the mill and is the white building that stands today.  The 1940s saw equipment upgrades.  Due to pressure from overseas clothing manufacturers, the mill announced that it would be closing in 1964 and all 600 employees would lose their jobs.  An attempt to restart production later failed.

A fire started in the original portion of the mill on July 23, 1987, completely destroying the old portion of the complex, but the 1920s expansion was spared from the flames.  All told, 283 firefighters responded to the blaze.  Although the fire was controlled in five hours, using  of water per minute to do so (a total of  was used the first day), crews stayed for another 13 to extinguish the flames, and returned each day for over a week to be sure no flare-ups occurred. The Maine Forest Service responded with a helicopter to drop water, and crews from many surrounding towns assisted in the battle.  It was one of Maine's largest industrial fires.

The mill was also featured in the Stephen King novel 11/22/63. The mill was demolished in 2016.

See also
Polo cloth  was a trade name for a cloth by the Worumbo Manufacturing Company.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Androscoggin County, Maine

References

Lisbon, Maine
Industrial buildings completed in 1864
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Textile mills in Maine
Buildings and structures in Androscoggin County, Maine
Economy of Androscoggin County, Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Androscoggin County, Maine
Former National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Demolished buildings and structures in Maine
Buildings and structures demolished in 2016
1864 establishments in Maine
2016 disestablishments in Maine

Worumbo Mill


Víctor Hugo Martínez Contreras (29 March 1930 – 26 August 2020) was a Guatemalan Roman Catholic archbishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1956. He was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Huehuetenango, Guatemala, from 1970 to 1975 and as bishop of the diocese from 1975 to 1987.

He was bishop from 1987 to 1996, and then the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Altos, Quetzaltenango-Totonicapán, Guatemala from 1996 to 2007.

Martínez Contreras died on 26 August 2020 in Guatemala City from problems caused by lung disease, aged 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Guatemalan Roman Catholic bishops

Victor Hugo Martínez Contreras


Sint-Denijs-Westrem is a village in the Belgian province of East Flanders. It is part of the city of Ghent, lying to the southwest of the city center, between Sint-Martens-Latem, De Pinte, Zwijnaarde and Afsnee.

History

Sint-Denijs-Westrem lies on the Roman road between Kortrijk and Ghent. Archeological digs on the Flanders Expo site have shown significant signs of settlement from prehistory through the middle ages.

During the late Middle Ages the castles of Idewalle, Borluut, Darupt, Hof ten Broecke, Maaltekasteel were built in and around the Sint-Denijs-Westrem area.

In 1858, architect, artisan and designer Jean-Baptiste Bethune moved his studio from Bruges to Sint-Denijs-Westrem.

The town square ("Gemeenteplein") was built between 1895 and 1899.

Until the 20th century the area was mainly agrarian and sparsely populated; from the second half of the 20th century on the village has been steadily more densely built up, with many castle grounds subdivided for housing development.

Notes

External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com

Sub-municipalities of Ghent
Populated places in East Flanders

Sint-Denijs-Westrem


Marc Missonnier (born 1970 in Algeria) is a French film producer. He previously co-headed Fidelité Productions before launching his own production company Moana Films.

Biography
Missonnier first studied at Sciences Po in Paris, where he was heavily involved in the film club. Missonnier then studied in the production department of the prestigious Paris film school La Fémis, from which he graduated in 1996. While at La Fémis, Missonnier met fellow production student Olivier Delbosc, with whom he launched the company Fidélité Productions. Missonnier and Delbosc got their start in the 1990s producing the short films of Francois Ozon, and produced Ozon's feature film debut Sitcom (1998). They co-managed Fidélité for nearly 20 years.

In 2014, he was considered by Télérama, alongside Olivier Delbosc, among the "Top 50" people in French cinema who "have the power and the talent to raise money, create films, make them popular".

In 2015, after nearly 20 years at Fidélité, Missonnier created his own production company Moana Films. As of 2021, Moana Films has produced 10 features including The Odyssey, Django, Knock, Angel Face and Opération Portugal. In 2021, Moana Films partnered with Sony Pictures Entertainment France to launch Parasomnia Productions, a new label dedicated to genre movies in France. Parasomnia will produce small budget features with strong concepts, a structure similar to that of Blumhouse Productions. With a special focus on fantasy, horror, supernatural and mock documentaries, each film will have a budget cap of 1 million euros.

In April 2023, Missonnier criticised the Cannes Film Festival for selecting Catherine Corsini's film Homecoming, which was the subject of controversy due to allegations of on-set misconduct, and called for boycotting the festival on Twitter. On 17 May, he said he discovered, after arriving in Cannes, that his accreditation for the film market had been revoked in retaliation to his call for a boycott. On 18 May, the European Producers Club issued a statement denouncing the revocation, saying "it can be seen as a restriction on freedom of expression". On 22 May, Missonnier reported that his accreditation had been restored.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
French film producers
Algerian film producers
Sciences Po alumni

Marc Missonnier


Computational Linguistics is a field of linguistics that deals with making computers understand human language.  Some of the biggest sub-fields of computational linguistics are:

Speech recognition, which is a computer program that listens to people talk and writes down what they said

Speech synthesis, which is a computer program that takes writing and reads it out loud

Machine translation, which is a computer program that turns one language into a different one

Dialog Systems, which is a computer program that talks back-and-forth with a human to help them do something

Computing

Computational linguistics


Chelmsford Radio 107.7 was an Independent Local Radio station for Chelmsford and mid Essex, broadcasting from studios in Southend, and owned by the Adventure Radio Group. It merged with Southend Radio in 2015 to create Radio Essex.

History

Chelmsford Radio began broadcasting as Chelmer FM in 1998, under the ownership of Mid Essex Radio Ltd. In September 2001, the station was purchased by the Tindle Radio Group — owner of Dream 100 in Colchester — and rebranded as Dream 107.7 in mid-February 2002.

In September 2008 the station was sold by Tindle to Adventure Radio, the then owners of Mercury 96.6 and Southend Radio, with whom Ofcom approved a co-location arrangement for Dream to move its studios to the Southend complex. On 2 February 2009 the station re-launched as Chelmsford Radio.  Chelmsford Radio shared its programming and resources with Southend Radio as well as Connect FM in Peterborough and Northamptonshire.

The 'Essex Action' feature was a community service designed to help local groups and charities with publicity and also with appeals for volunteers. The service was coordinated by the Southend Association of Volunteers (SAVS) with their counterparts across the county contributing items for broadcast.

On 6 June 2013 Chelmsford Radio and sister station Southend Radio launched on DAB under the singular service Radio Essex. The original DAB only Radio Essex was broadcast on the Essex DAB mux and could be heard in many places across the county where Chelmsford Radio couldn't, including Harlow, Colchester, and Sudbury (Suffolk).

In February 2015 it was announced that Chelmsford Radio, along with Southend Radio and Radio Essex, would be relaunched as one single station known as Radio Essex. The new station launched on 23 March 2015 on 105.1 FM, 107.7 FM, and on DAB.

Slogans

"Just Great Songs for Essex"

Technical
Chelmsford Radio was broadcast on 107.7 MHz from a mobile phone mast at Church Green in the village Danbury. Before 2002 the station output was broadcast from a transmitter close to the A414 in Danbury.

The 107.7 signal could be received as far away as Basildon, Ongar, Braintree and Colchester.

See also
 Radio Essex
 Connect Radio 106.8
 Connect Radio 97.2 & 107.4
 Mercury 96.6
 Southend Radio

External links
 Chelmsford Radio
 Media UK
  History of local radio in Essex
 Radio in Essex
 Danbury Church Green transmitter
 Radio Today - Southend and Chelmsford Radio to merge

Radio stations in Essex
Radio stations established in 1998
City of Chelmsford

Chelmsford Radio