Help for Heroes is a British charity which supports members of the British Armed Forces community with their physical and mental health, as well as their financial, social and welfare needs. The charity was founded in 2007 by Bryn and Emma Parry after they visited soldiers at Selly Oak Hospital in Birmingham. The charity now supports all veterans, serving personnel, those who have served alongside the UK military, and their families.

Help for Heroes has supported more than 28,500 individuals since 2007 through its physical, psychological, financial, educational, sports, fellowship, and welfare support services. The charity's work is almost entirely funded by public donations.

History
Help for Heroes was co-founded by husband and wife, Bryn and Emma Parry, in October 2007 after a meeting with General Sir Richard Dannatt, Chief of the General Staff, the then professional head of the British Army. Bryn had served with the Royal Green Jackets for 10 years, before leaving to become a cartoonist. The couple visited Selly Oak Hospital in July 2007, where they met servicemen and women who had been injured in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. They decided they needed to do something to help.

Initially the couple wanted to raise funds for a dedicated swimming pool for injured veterans at Headley Court Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre in Surrey. However, within two months they had raised over £2 million, and the charity expanded to support more veterans with their recovery. They also attracted support from national newspapers in the United Kingdom, such as The Sun and The Sunday Times who made the charity one of the beneficiaries of their Christmas appeal in 2007, raising more than £600,000. Bryn and Emma Parry were both appointed OBEs in the Queen's Birthday Honours for their services to charity on 25 November 2010, and Bryn was awarded the CBE in February 2023.

In May 2013, Help for Heroes experienced a sharp rise in donations following the murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby in Woolwich, London. Rigby had been wearing a Help for Heroes sweatshirt when he was attacked. The charity received over £600,000 in donations in the week following his death.

In November 2016, Melanie Waters, former chief executive of The Poppy Factory, became the chief executive of the charity when Bryn Parry stood down after nine years in charge.

In 2020, the charity was forced to make 110 redundancies due to a rise in demand and a sharp fall in donations as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The charity helped train, select and deliver Team UK to the first Invictus Games held in London in 2014. It continued to support Team UK at the following four Invictus Games. In May 2022, the Ministry of Defence accepted a proposal from the Royal British Legion to lead the end-to-end delivery of Team UK for the following five years, ending Help for Heroes' involvement with the Invictus Games.

In September 2022, chief executive Melanie Waters announced that she was leaving the charity after more than five years in charge. The charity's deputy CEO James Needham was appointed chief executive on an interim basis, before being appointed as the charity's permanent CEO in March 2023.

Recovery centres

In partnership with the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and The Royal British Legion (RBL), Help for Heroes runs four recovery centres: Tedworth House (Tidworth, Wiltshire), Chavasse VC House (Colchester, Essex), Naval Service Recovery Centre (Plymouth, Devon), and Phoenix House (Catterick, North Yorkshire). Each centre is a location for the Defence Recovery Capability programme. Participants in the programme receive coordinated medical, psychological, and welfare support, designed to help them overcome sickness and injury, and ultimately return to active duty, or transition to civilian life.

In September 2020, due to the financial strain of the COVID-19 pandemic, Help for Heroes announced that it was closing three of its recovery centres for the foreseeable future (Catterick, Plymouth and Colchester), and would instead be focusing on digital and community recovery delivery.

Recovery Support
Help for Heroes delivers its one-to-one recovery support as follows:

·        Psychological support – the Hidden Wounds service offers assessment and treatment for mental health difficulties. The team of trained clinicians provide a range of treatments including cognitive behavioural therapy and counselling.

·        Welfare Support – the case management team works with individuals and families with several or complex needs. They offer advice and guidance on a range of welfare issues, such as money, health, housing, and benefits.

·        Veterans Clinical Liaison Team – the team is made up of registered nurses, occupational therapists and medical advisors. They work with men and women with physical health challenges, helping them access specialist therapies, get clinical equipment and to re-engage with the community.

·        Very Seriously Injured Programme – the programme supports men and women living with catastrophic injuries who need round-the-clock care; the charity helps them gain access to support such as speech and language therapy, financial assistance with carer costs, and specialist equipment.

·        Grants Team – grants can be awarded to those in need of urgent financial support for their recovery.

·        Sport, Activity and Fellowship Team – the team offers a wide range of free sporting, recreational and social activities across the UK to help people improve their wellbeing and to reduce isolation. They also provide bespoke physical fitness support.

In September 2020, the charity launched its virtual Recovery College, the first of its kind specially designed for and by veterans and their families.  All educational modules are designed to enable veterans to take ownership of their recovery.

Sports recovery programme
Help for Heroes has been involved with sport recovery since 2008, giving those supported by the charity access to a number of different sports, enabling wounded, injured, and sick service personnel, and veterans to take part in adaptive sports. Its sport services offer a broad range of activities out in the community and at all ability levels, from recreational to competitive.

Help for Heroes has worked in partnership with the British Paralympic Association, UK Sport, the English Institute of Sport to introduce military personnel and veterans to Paralympic sport through its 'Front Line to Start Line' programme.

In collaboration with UK Coaching, the charity launched a pilot Coaching Academy programme in 2022, giving veterans the chance to train for a sport coaching qualification and build on their skills in civilian life.

Invictus Games
Help for Heroes was responsible for the training, selection, and development of Team UK in the first four editions of the Invictus Games: 2014 (London), 2016 (Orlando, Florida, USA), 2017 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), and 2018 (Sydney). Help for Heroes worked in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and the Royal British Legion to support the UK team. The charity was to deliver and train the 65-strong team at the 2020 Invictus Games in the Hague, which was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2022, it was announced that the Ministry of Defence had accepted a proposal from the Royal British Legion to lead the end-to-end delivery of Team UK for the following five years, ending Help for Heroes' eight-year association with the Invictus Games.

Grants
Help for Heroes previously grant funded more than 90 specialist charities and organisations; including Winston's Wish, The Poppy Factory, Blesma and Combat Stress. The charity now focuses its financial support in the form of individual grants to wounded personnel, veterans and families. In 2019, the charity awarded 819 such grants, totalling £703,000, and taking the life-to-date awards total to 12,969. In 2022, the charity introduced immediate needs grants to help individuals with food and energy bills in response to the cost-of-living crisis.

The oldest person to receive support from the charity was Second World War veteran Robbie Clarke, who was 96 when he received an emergency grant in 2015, to ensure he could remain living at home.

Finances
Over 90 per cent of the charity's income is from public donations. Its main sources of income are legacies, regular giving, grants, trading, and fundraising events and challenges.

In September 2020, the charity announced that its income was falling due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, it launched an urgent appeal in October 2020, raising more than £150,000 in donations.

In the 2020/21 financial year, Help for Heroes reported an income of £18.5 million (higher than its target of £17.3 million) and expenditure of £36.3 million.

Events and Challenges
Help for Heroes offers a range of fundraising challenges and events including bike rides in the UK and Europe, Skydives, marathons, walks, and treks to Nepal and Machu Pichu.

The Big Battlefield Bike Ride
The Big Battlefield Bike Ride is the charity's largest fundraising event. The first edition of the challenge was held in May 2008 when 300 cyclists biked from HMS Victory at Portsmouth to Northern France, tracing some of the region's most significant First World War and Second World War battle sites, and returned to the Cenotaph in London. There have been 11 further bike rides, cycling a total of 3,000 miles and raising around £10 million for the charity.

Supporters' events

On 5 September 2008, H4H held a Heroes Ball to raise funds.  A charity auction included a Royal Air Force (RAF) donated prize to fly with the Red Arrows, the RAF's aerobatics team.  The winning bid was £1.5 million which gave the winner, Julie Heselden, the chance for her and eight family members to fly in the team's Hawk jets.  The RAF said of the bid, "We know it is a special prize – a once in a lifetime opportunity – but we are all astounded that someone could be so generous.  The RAF is genuinely delighted to have helped in raising such a fantastic amount of money for such a worthwhile charity."

City Salute
The charity was a joint beneficiary of a pageant held on 8 May 2008 in London, hosted by patron of the charity Jeremy Clarkson, and attended by Princes William and Harry, who were both members of the British Armed Forces.

Sporting challenges
On 20 September 2008, Twickenham Stadium hosted a rugby union challenge match, featuring rugby players from around the world which raised £1.1 million, and was televised live. The match featured a Help for Heroes XV and an International Select XV. Former England captains Phil de Glanville and Lawrence Dallaglio acted as team manager and captain respectively for the Help for Heroes XV, with Welsh rugby players Ieuan Evans and Scott Gibbs filling the same roles for the International Select XV. The teams included players from the Guinness Premiership, National Division One, the Celtic League, overseas players, and players from the Armed Forces. The Help for Heroes XV won the match 29–10 in front of a crowd of 52,254, which included The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall. Performing at the event were the Band of the Royal Hospital School, Blake, Escala, and the Royal Marines Commandos abseil team.

A second rugby match, 'The Heroes Rugby Challenge' was played on 3 December 2011 at Twickenham Stadium. The match featured Lawrence Dallaglio, Jason Leonard, and Ieuan Evans managing the Northern Hemisphere XV against a Southern Hemisphere team, coached by Wayne Smith and Nick Mallett and overseen by Michael Lynagh and Sean Fitzpatrick.

On 12 November 2009, a football match was held at the Madejski Stadium in Reading, Berkshire, between an England XI team and a Rest of the World XI team, playing for the Heroes Cup. The teams comprised ex-professional footballers, other sportspersons and celebrities, and footballing members of the Armed Forces. The match was broadcast live on ITV4 and British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS), and was commentated on by Peter Drury and Joe Royle. The Rest of the World beat England 4–1.

The X Factor charity single
In October 2010, it was announced that the finalists of the seventh series of The X Factor would be recording a version of David Bowie's 1977 song Heroes.  The song was released in aid of H4H and the Royal British Legion.  All sixteen finalists of Series 7 performed the song on 20 November 2010's results show.  In the first week of its release, it went straight to number 1, and sold 313,244 copies, more than the rest of the top ten at the time combined.

British Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling announced he would effectively waive VAT on the single, by donating the value of the VAT paid on the single to the charity.  He said "I very much support the Help for Heroes campaign and I support too the efforts being made by the X Factor contestants, and in recognition of that I am proposing effectively to waive VAT on this sale of these singles."

Help for Heroes Concert 2010
This was held on 12 September 2010 at Twickenham Stadium in London, and featured, among others, Robbie Williams, Gary Barlow, Peter Kay, Tom Jones, and Pixie Lott.  The concert was shown live on BBC One, and was presented by Cat Deeley.

Convoy for Heroes
At Easter 2011, the first Convoy for Heroes event took place at Gaydon in Warwickshire, to raise money for Help for Heroes.  Organised by Land Rover enthusiasts, Convoy for Heroes took the form of a world-record breaking convoy of 348 Land Rovers, including SAS 'Pink Panther' Land Rovers, and several SAS troops themselves.  A second Convoy for Heroes event was held over Easter 2012, this time at the larger Prestwold Hall site in Leicestershire.

4x4 European Rally
The Help for Heroes 4x4 European Rally is an annual non-speed battlefield touring assembly that takes place in June.  The event has raised over £1 million for the charity.  Starting in England, it covers 2,000 miles and seven countries in twelve days, visiting World War I and II battlefields and museums.  It is open to 45 teams of road-legal off-road-capable vehicles, with at least two drivers per team.

Trustees
The Help for Heroes Board of Trustees, who work in an unpaid, voluntary capacity, are responsible for the overall control and strategic direction of the charity. The chair of the trustees is Nigel Boardman, a former partner at corporate law firm Slaughter and May.

Ambassadors and patrons
The charity's ambassadors include a range of veterans, serving personnel, and family members who speak on behalf of the charity. Its patrons include:

 General Sir Richard Dannatt – former professional head of the British Army.
 Ross Kemp – English actor, television presenter and journalist, who has spent time with British troops in Afghanistan filming Ross Kemp in Afghanistan.
 Gareth Southgate – former professional football player and football manager who has managed the England national team since 2016.
 Anthony Cotton – English actor who became a patron after one of his friends returned home from serving abroad in need of support.
 Lorraine Kelly – Scottish television presenter and journalist.
 JJ Chalmers – Scottish television presenter and Invictus Games medallist who served in the Royal Marines for nine years.
 Andy McNab – former soldier in the Royal Green Jackets and then the SAS with whom he served in the Gulf War. He commanded the Bravo Two Zero patrol in January 1991 and has since written a number of books, and appeared in Andy McNab's Tour of Duty, a documentary television series about the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War in 2008.
 Jane Moore – English journalist, author and television presenter.
 Mark and Peta Cavendish – British professional cyclist and his wife Peta who have joined the charity on the Big Battlefield Bike Ride.
 Lucy Wyndham-Read – English personal trainer and fitness expert who served in the British Army for five years.
 Ken Hames – a former SAS officer who now works as a television presenter and motivational speaker.

Criticism
In August 2012, a group of wounded ex-servicemen, featured in a report for BBC's Newsnight, criticised Help for Heroes for its relationship to the Ministry of Defence (MOD). The charity was alleged to have used funds to subsidise expensive MOD buildings, rather than for soldiers' everyday care. The charity had agreed to spend £153 million on constructing and running five regional MOD Personnel Recovery Centres, primarily for serving military personnel, which discharged servicemen could only use on a case-by-case basis. A subsequent investigation by the BBC's Editorial Complaints Unit into the original Newsnight report upheld the charity's complaint about the programme and concluded that "there was no evidence to back Newsnight's claim about Help for Heroes". The BBC issued an official apology in May 2013, but the BBC journalist who compiled the report stood by his findings and the source's legitimacy.

Tedworth House Recovery Centre
A review by the Charity Commission in 2016 found that Help For Heroes had paid £158,000 to settle employment claims over the previous four years. The review was launched after bullying allegations emerged at the Tedworth House recovery centre in Wiltshire. The Commission concluded that proper procedures were followed, and funds were used correctly.

References

External links

British veterans' organisations
Charities based in Wiltshire
Organizations established in 2007
2007 establishments in the United Kingdom
Disability organisations based in the United Kingdom

Help for Heroes


Madhyamaheshwar () or Madmaheshwar is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, located in Gaundar, a village in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India. Situated at an elevation of , it is one of the Panch Kedar pilgrimage circuits, comprising five Shiva temples in the Garhwal region. The other temples in the circuit include: Kedarnath, Tungnath and Rudranath which are culturally visited before Madhyamaheshwar and, Kalpeshwar generally visited after Madhyamaheshwar. The middle (madhya) or belly part or navel (nabhi) of Shiva is worshipped here. The temple is believed to have been built by the Pandavas, the central figures of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.

Legend

Several folk legends exist surrounding the Garhwal region,  Shiva and the creation of the Panch Kedar temples.

One folklore relates to the Pandavas, the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Pandavas defeated and slayed their cousins — the Kauravas in the epic Kurukshetra war. They wished to atone for the sins of committing fratricide (gotra hatya) and Brāhmanahatya (killing of Brahmins — the priest class) during the war. Thus, they handed over the reins of their kingdom to their kin and left in search of Shiva and to seek his blessings. First, they went to the holy city of Varanasi (Kashi), believed to be Shiva's favourite city and known for its Kashi Vishwanath Temple. But Shiva wanted to avoid them as he was deeply incensed by the death and dishonesty at the Kurukshetra war and therefore, disregarded Pandavas' prayers. He assumed the form of a bull (Nandi) and hid in the Garhwal region.

Not finding Shiva in Varanasi, the Pandavas went to Garhwal Himalayas. Bhima, the second of the five Pandava brothers, then standing astride two mountains started to look for Shiva. He saw a bull grazing near Guptakashi ("hidden Kashi" — the name derived from the hiding act of Shiva). Bhima immediately recognized the deity and caught hold of the bull by its tail and hind legs. But the bull-formed Shiva disappeared into the ground to later reappear in parts, with the hump raising in Kedarnath, the arms appearing in Tungnath, the face showing up at Rudranath, the nabhi (navel) and stomach surfacing in Madhyamaheshwar and the hair appearing in Kalpeshwar. The Pandavas pleased with this reappearance in five different forms, built temples at the five places for venerating and worshipping Shiva. The Pandavas were thus freed from their sins.

A variant of the tale credits Bhima of not only catching the bull, but also stopping it from disappearing. Consequently, the bull was torn asunder into five parts and appeared at five locations in the Kedar Khand of Garhwal region of the Himalayas. After building the Panch Kedar Temples, the Pandavas meditated at Kedarnath for salvation, performed yagna (fire sacrifice) and then through the heavenly path called the Mahapanth (also called Swargarohini), attained heaven or salvation.. The Panch Kedar Temples are constructed in the North-Indian Himalayan Temple architecture with the Kedarnath, Tungnath and Madhyamaheshwar temples looking similar.

After completing the pilgrimage of  Shiva's darshan at the Panch Kedar Temples, it is an unwritten religious rite to visit  Vishnu at the Badrinath Temple, as a final affirmatory proof by the devotee that he has sought blessings of  Shiva.

The temple

The temple in the North-Indian Himalayan style of architecture, is situated in a lush meadow, just below a high ridge. The older, so-called 'Vriddh-Madmaheshwar', temple is a tiny blackened shrine on the ridge, which looks straight up at the Chaukhamba Mountain peaks.
In the current temple, a navel-shaped Shiva-lingam, made of black stone, is enshrined in the sanctum. There are two other smaller shrines, one for Shiva's consort Parvati and the other dedicated to Ardhanarishwara, a half-Shiva half-Parvati image. Bhima, the second Pandava brother is believed to have built this temple and worshipped Shiva here. To the right of the main temple there is a small temple where the image of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning, made of marble is installed in the sanctum.

Worship

The water from the temple precincts is considered so highly sacred that even a few drops are stated to be adequate for ablution. The worship at this temple starts with a specified time period from the beginning of the summer months after the winter and lasts until October/November from start of the winter season when the temple precincts are not accessible due to snow conditions. During the winter period, the symbolic idol of the god is shifted with religious formalities to Ukhimath for continued worship.  Priests at this temple, as in many other temples in the state, are from South India and at this particular temple they are called Jangamas of the Veerashaiva cast who hail from Mysore in Karnataka state. This induction of priests from outside the state enhances the cultural communications from one part of the country to the other, with language becoming no barrier. It is one of an important sacred pilgrimage centres of Shastrik (textual) importance categorized as Panchasthali (five places) doctrine. This doctrine has been determined on the basis of sectarian association, fairs and festivals, offerings to the deity, sacred declarations made by devotees and specific blessings sought from the god through prayers at different temples. 2 km. away is a small temple called Bura Madhyamaheswar. One has to trek 2 kilometers up the steep ways through large moors and valleys and then would reach in a small lake, where a full Panoramic range of Himalayas consisting of the peaks, Chaukhamba, Kedarnath, Neelkanth, Trishul, Kamet, Panchulli, etc.

Geography

The temple is in a green valley surrounded by snow peaks of Chaukhamba (literal meaning is four pillars or peaks), Neel Kanth and Kedarnath in high Himalayan hill ranges. The Kedar hills, called the Kedar Massif, gives a view of the mountain formation with a number of glaciers which include the source of the Mandakini River. The region has rich flora and fauna, particularly the endangered species of Himalayan monal pheasant and Himalayan musk deer (locally called Kasturi deer) in the Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary.

Access

The best time to visit the temple is from April to September. It is advised to visit before the month of October to avoid harsh weather conditions. Total trek length to cover all the five temples of Panch Kedar is about  (including road travel up to Gaurikund), involving 16 days of effort. The trek starts from Gauri Kund, from which there are views of the Himalayan range of hills and the broader Garhwal region, comparable to the Alps.

The trekking is undertaken during two seasons; three months during summer and two months after the monsoon season, as during the rest of the period, except Rudranath, the other four Panch Kedar temples are inaccessible due to snow cover

Madyamaheswar temple is located in the Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. The temple is not directly connected by road. The last motrable place on the route of Madyamaheswar is Ransi village. After Kund ( near Ukhimath), the Kedarnath route divides into two parts: one goes to Gaurikund and another goes to Madyamaheswar.The Madyamaheswar route goes to Ukhimath, and after Ukhimath, one road goes to Tungnath and another goes to Madyamaheswar. Rishikesh is the entry point to the pilgrim centres of Garhwal Himalayas and is connected by train to the rest of the country. The nearest airport is Jolly Grant at a distance of  from Rishikesh, closer to Dehradun, which connects to other destinations in India. The temple is at a distance of  from the airport and  from Rishikesh, the rail head. From Rishikesh to Kalimath the road distance is . Alternatively, Madhmaheshwar shrine could be reached from Mansoona, Buruwa and Uniyana, via Ukhimath. From Ukhimath, the route passes through Mansoona(7 km), Buruwa(4 km), Ransi (3 km) then Goundar (9 km), Bantoli (2 km) and further 10 km steep climb via Khatra Khal, Maikhumbachatti and kunchatti reach the temple

The base of the trek is Aktolidhar/Ransi which is 22-24 kilometres away from Ukhimath. From there the trekking way starts. After 6 kilometres is Goundar village a small chatti, with a place to stay where there are 3 lodges to stay. After 2 km lies Bantoli, the point of confluence of Saraswati Ganga and Morkhanda Ganga then it's called Madhyamaheshwar ganga Or Madhu ganga. Then comes Khatara, Nanu, Maikhambachatti, Kunchatti and then comes Madhyamaheswar. The proper trekking distance is 16-18 kilometres from Aktolidhar/Ransi.

Gaundhar and Kalimath are two important places on the route to Madhyamaheshwar. Kalimath () in particular, is of importance for the large number of pilgrims who visit the place for spiritual comfort and hence it is called the Sidh Peeth (Spiritual center). Kalimath is famous for the temples to goddesses Mahakali and Mahalakshmi, and Shiva and one of his ferocious forms - Bhairava. The Navaratri time is of special significance at this place when much large devotees visit the place.

References

External links
[https://books.google.com/books?id=L4knycWWbqgC&pg=PA77&dq=Tungnath&lr=&ei=QDthSriJMoOulASOraWoDg Panch Kedar, trek map, page 78

Shiva temples in Uttarakhand
Hindu temples in Uttarakhand
Panch Kedar

Madhyamaheshwar


Radu Boureanu (March 9, 1906 – September 5, 1997) was a Romanian poet, prose writer and translator.

Biography
Born in Bucharest, his parents were Eugen Boureanul and his wife Jeanne (née Michel), who was a schoolteacher of French origin. He studied at the Mihai Viteazul and Matei Basarab high schools in his native city, and privately at Bazargic. In 1931, he graduated from the Bucharest Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, in the course taught by Lucia Sturdza-Bulandra. His first poems appeared in Ritmul vremii in 1927. Other publications that ran his work include Gândirea, Vremea, Adevărul literar și artistic and Bilete de Papagal. Together with Zaharia Stancu, he founded Azi magazine in 1932. His first book, the 1933 poetry collection Zbor alb, drew notice from critic Pompiliu Constantinescu. Between 1929 and 1931, he appeared as an actor on the stage of the National Theatre Bucharest. He resumed acting between 1945 and 1947, when he quit for good, due to health reasons. From 1936 to 1940, he headed România, a tourism and art magazine. For his paintings and drawings, he received the Official Salon Prize in 1942 and 1946.

After the 1944 Romanian coup d'état and the subsequent rise to power of the Romanian Communist Party, Boureanu was chief adviser on press matters, and editor-in-chief of Viața Românească magazine (1967-1974), where he created and directed the Caiet de poezie supplement. His poetic output was immense, and earned the Romanian Writers' Society Prize (1933, 1936, 1939, 1943) as well as the Knokke-le- Zoute International Poetry Award (1970). His writings, collected as Scrieri (vol. I-IV, 1972-1979), show his evolution from a traditionalist (Zbor alb, 1933; Golful sângelui, 1936; Cai de Apocalips, 1942) to the lyricism ascribed to a civic and social vocation (Sângele popoarelor, 1948; Cântare cetății lui Bucur, 1959).

His prose includes novels (Enigmaticul Baikal, 1937; Ceașca, 1956; Frumosul Principe Cercel, 1978), exotically-themed short stories (Üstuné sau Colina goală, 1965) and a romanticized biography of Nicolae Milescu (1936). His play Lupii (1952) was awarded the State Prize, while the dramatic poem Satul fără dragoste (1955) won an award from the Romanian Writers' Union. He wrote polished translations of Alexander Blok, Emile Verhaeren, Pablo Neruda, Robert Goffin, Michelangelo, Leo Tolstoy, Nguyễn Du and József Méliusz. Throughout his career, he contributed essays and opinion pieces. His late work, Frumusețile oarbe (1982), Oceanul întrebărilor (1985), Snop de fulgere (1985) and Dulce uragan (1989), shows him at an elevated level of artistic maturity, with a poetic sensibility that, branching out into various intellectual domains, showed itself to be, in one critic's assessment, an "enormous chronicle of human sensibility".

Notes

1906 births
1997 deaths
Writers from Bucharest
Romanian people of French descent
Romanian male short story writers
Romanian short story writers
Romanian essayists
Romanian translators
Romanian magazine editors
Romanian magazine founders
Romanian painters
Romanian male stage actors
20th-century Romanian novelists
20th-century Romanian poets
20th-century translators
20th-century short story writers
20th-century essayists
20th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Romanian male writers

Radu Boureanu


Rishika Mihani (born; 8 June) is an Indian television actress. She made her debut with Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat. She has done episodics for Adaalat, C.I.D., Aahat and Savdhaan India @ 11.

Rishika Mihani has a sister Muskaan Mihani, who is also a television actress.

Career
Rishika Mihani started her career with the role of Ira (Mohini) in Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat on Star Plus, After she played in Beend Banoongaa Ghodi Chadhunga
as Komal, She was last seen in Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage as Shivani.

Television

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Indian television actresses
Indian soap opera actresses

Rishika Mihani


Brigham Young Jr. (December 18, 1836 – April 11, 1903) served as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles  of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1899 until his death. His tenure was interrupted for one week in 1901 when Joseph F. Smith was the president of the Quorum.

Early life
Young was born in Kirtland, Ohio, the son of Brigham Young and Mary Ann Angell. Young's twin sister, Mary, died at age seven from the effects of injuries received at age two in a wagon accident. At age twelve, Young drove an ox cart along the Mormon Trail, reaching Salt Lake City in 1848. Young served as a guard and scout in the following years, operating in Salt Lake Valley and the surrounding canyons.

On November 15, 1855, Young married Catherine Curtis Spencer, a daughter of Orson Spencer, with exactly the same name as her mother.

In Utah Territory, Young became a member of the reconstituted Nauvoo Legion. He was involved in the rescue of the Willie and Martin companies of Mormon handcart pioneers. He also served in the Utah War with the troops that worked to halt the advance of Johnston's Army.

In 1861, Young was made a member of the Salt Lake Stake high council.

Early years as a general authority

Brigham Young Sr. ordained three of his sons, Brigham Young Jr., Joseph Angell Young and John Willard Young, as apostles in 1864, without public announcement or adding them to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

Unlike his brothers, Brigham Young Jr. would later become part of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles four years later in 1868, after the death of Heber C. Kimball and George A. Smith joining the First Presidency.  In 1868, he was also a Representative to the Territory of Utah Legislative Assembly.  Young Jr. also served as a counselor to his father in the First Presidency of the church from April 8, 1873, until his father's death on August 29, 1877.

Missions to Europe
From 1862 to 1863, Young served as a church missionary in England, spending most of the time in London. During this time, he also accompanied Joseph F. Smith on a trip to Paris, France.

In 1864, Young returned to Europe, this time with his wife, Catherine (Orson Spencer's daughter), as his companion. He was an assistant to mission president Daniel H. Wells. In 1865, when Wells left for Utah, Young succeeded him as president of the European Mission. Brigham and Catherine's son, Joseph Angel Young II, was born in England in 1866 while he was still serving as mission president.

As president of the church's European Mission in 1866 and 1867, Young preached in France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Young also oversaw the emigration of British Latter-day Saints to Utah Territory.  It was from a conversation as Young was about to return to Utah at the end of his time as mission president that Charles W. Penrose wrote the hymn, "Beautiful Zion For Me".

From October 1890 until February 1893 Young served for a second time as president of the European Mission. The mission was headquartered in Liverpool, and Young directly supervised missionary work in the British Isles, while also serving as a leader over the mission presidents of the various missions on the European continent.

Colonization and church assignment in America
In the western United States, Young was involved in the colonization of Cache Valley, southern Utah and the extension of Mormon settlements into New Mexico and Arizona. Young was also involved at times with the Mormon colonies in Mexico.

In 1867, Young was involved with the formation of the Deseret Sunday School Union to provide centralized direction to the Sunday schools of the church.

During 1868, Young acted as his father's agent in finding workers for the Utah portion of the First transcontinental railroad.

From 1869 until 1877, Young presided over the Latter-day Saints in Cache Valley, closely assisted by William B. Preston, who was serving as the regional presiding bishop. During this time, Young co-owned a feed and livery stable in Soda Springs, Idaho, with Solomon Hale.

In 1877, Young, Erastus Snow and Wilford Woodruff dedicated parts of the St. George Temple.

From 1877 to 1880, Young and George Q. Cannon served as editors of the Deseret News.

In 1878, Young and Moses Thatcher selected the site for the Latter-day Saint settlement in the Star Valley of Wyoming. In August 1878, Young dedicated the valley as a place for the gathering of the Latter-day Saints.

In February 1883, Young went on a tour among the Navajo and Hopi peoples with many other church leaders, including Heber J. Grant.

In 1883, Young convinced the residents of Jonesville, Arizona, to rename it Lehi. It is today part of Mesa, Arizona.

Family
Young practiced plural marriage. His first wife was Catherine Curtis Spencer. Among their children was Brigham Spencer Young, who would later serve as president of the Northwestern States Mission of the church.

In 1857, Young married his second wife, Jane Carrington, a daughter of Albert Carrington.

Young's wife Abigail Stevens was one of his younger wives. Their daughter Klara Young Cheney, born in Fruitland, New Mexico, in 1894, turned 100 years old in 1994. Abigail and Brigham Jr.'s last daughter, Marian Young, was also born at Fruitland on January 25, 1899. She died on November 22, 2004, less than two months short of her 106th birthday. She was the last grandchild of Brigham Young to die.

Politics
Young served several terms in the Utah Territorial Legislature.

President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Young was ordained an apostle before Joseph F. Smith but was not placed in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles until after Joseph F. Smith. It was not until 1900 that a clear decision was made which gave Smith seniority in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles over Young, since Smith had been a member of the First Presidency since becoming an apostle. Young had served as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles since the previous president, Franklin D. Richards, had died on December 9, 1899.

When church president Lorenzo Snow died on October 10, 1901, Smith served as President of the Quorum until he was made church president on October 17, 1901. The death of Snow dissolved the First Presidency, returning First Counselor Joseph F. Smith to the Quorum of the Twelve as President of the Quorum.  The LDS Church at that time did not draw a distinction between President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. In that time, the person who in the modern church would be called the Acting President was set apart as the President of the Quorum. The second-most senior apostle was not set apart as the President of the Quorum if they were a member of the First Presidency, which Smith was. One week later, Smith was made President of the Church and Young again became President of the Quorum.  Therefore, when Smith became president, Young again assumed the position of President of the Quorum of the Twelve. Young is the only person to have served two non-consecutive terms as President of the Quorum.

Death

Young died in Salt Lake City, Utah at age 66. He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

References

1836 births
1903 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century Mormon missionaries
20th-century American people
American Mormon missionaries in England
American general authorities (LDS Church)
Apostles (LDS Church)
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
Children of Brigham Young
Counselors in the First Presidency (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saints from Illinois
Latter Day Saints from Ohio
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Members of the Utah Territorial Legislature
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Mormon pioneers
Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)
Richards–Young family
American twins

Brigham Young Jr.


Emmanuel Hocquard (11 April 1940 – 27 January 2019) was a French poet.

Life
He grew up in Tangier, Morocco. He served as the editor of the small press Orange Export Ltd. and, with Claude Royet-Journoud, edited two anthologies of new American poets, 21+1: Poètes américains ď aujourďhui (with a corresponding English volume, 21+1 American Poets Today) and 49+1.
In 1989, Hocquard founded and directed "Un bureau sur l'Atlantique", an association fostering relations between French and American poets.

Besides poetry, he has written essays, a novel, and translated American and Portuguese poets including Charles Reznikoff, Michael Palmer, Paul Auster, Benjamin Hollander, Antonio Cisneros, and Fernando Pessoa. With the artist Alexandre Delay, he made a video film, Le Voyage à Reykjavik.

Awards and honors
2013 Best Translated Book Award, shortlist, The Invention of Glass

Books in English translation

A Day in the Strait, translated by Maryann De Julio & Jane Staw, (Red Dust, New York, 1985); "narration"
Late Additions, translated by Rosmarie Waldrop and Connell McGrath, "Serie d'Ecriture Nº 2", (Spectacular Diseases, Peterborough, UK, 1988); poems
Elegies & Other Poems, translated by John A. Scott, (Shearsman Books, Plymouth, UK, 1989) ; poetry
Aerea in the Forests of Manhattan, translated by Lydia Davis, (The Marlboro Press, Marlboro, Vermont, 1992) ; novel
Of Mists and Clouds, translated by Mark Hutchinson, (The Noble Rider, Paris).
Elegy 7, translated by Pam Rehm & Keith Waldrop, "Serie d'Ecriture Nº 7", (Burning Deck, Providence (RI), 1993); poetry
Theory of Tables, translated by Michael Palmer, Afterword translation by Norma Cole, (Providence, RI: O-blek editions, 1994); poems
The Garden of Sallust and other writings, translated by Mark Hutchinson, (The Noble Rider, Paris, 1995).
The Library at Trieste, translated by Mark Hutchinson, (The Noble Rider, Paris) ; a talk given in 1987 at the University of California, San Diego
This Story Is Mine: Little Autobiographical Dictionary of Elegy translated by Norma Cole, (Instress, 1999); poems
Codicil & Plan for Pond 4, translated by Ray DiPalma & Juliette Valéry, (The Post Apollo Press, 1999) ; poems
A Test of Solitude: Sonnets, translated by Rosmarie Waldrop, (Burning Deck, Providence (RI), 2000) ; poems
Conditions of Light, translated by Jean-Jacques Poucel, (Fence Books/La Presse, 2010) ; poems
The Invention of Glass, translated by Cole Swensen and Rod Smith, (Canarium Books, 2012) ; poems

References

External links
"Un bureau sur l'Atlantique" site at EPC, includes detailed description of this organization
Homepage at durationpress.com includes a transcribed conversation with Royet-Journoud & poems
Steve Evans reviews "Un test de solitude" from Jacket Magazine
, a site providing an interactive reading of this Hocquard book
Audio-files @ PENNsound listen to Hocquard read from his work
AUTEURS INVITéS: Emmanuel Hocquard In French. Describes Hocquard in terms of "la modernité négative".
Emmanuel Hocquard and The Poetry of Negative Modernity a synopsis of a book project by Glenn W. Fetzer, for which he was awarded a Camargo Foundation Fellowship: 2003 (Winter-Spring)
French Poetry since 1950: Tendencies III by Jean-Michel Maulpoix
 essay by Glenn Fetzer, published by Symposium: 22 June 2002, and available at accessmylibrary.com
A Formal Type of Work: Rereading Emmanuel Hocquard by Norma Cole

1940 births
2019 deaths
People from Cannes
20th-century French poets
Prix France Culture winners
People from Tangier
French male poets
International Writing Program alumni
French male non-fiction writers
21st-century French poets
20th-century French translators
21st-century French translators

Emmanuel Hocquard


The National Library and Documentation Services Board (NLDSB) is the agency of the government of Sri Lanka which helps maintains all state libraries around the country.

The NLDSB was established under the act No: 51 of 1998. This act established the Sri Lanka National Library Services Board in 1970. The board is placed under the Sri Lankan Ministry of Education. The present Board of Directors consists of 11 members including a full-time Chairperson. The Director General is the chief executive and secretary of the Board.

Goals and targets

 To assess the need for library and documentation services among all sectors of the community and to promote the development of library and documentation services.
 To administer, manage and control the affairs of the National Library and Documentation Centre.
 To advise the authorities regarding plans, programmes and activities for the development of library and documentation services in Sri Lanka.
 To provide leadership for libraries of all categories in Sri Lanka, leadership in providing information to the nation and for all services.
 Establishment, development and maintenance of a complete national collection of written, printed and non print media published in Sri Lanka or abroad.
 Establishment and maintenance of Bibliographic and Documentation Services.
 Advise the government on matters relevant to the Library and Information Science field.
 Organization of human resources and Promotion of physical resources for the development of libraries in Sri Lanka.
 Encourage the local book publication and promotion of reading.
 Encourage usage of Information Technology for library and information services.
 Promote co-operation with the institutions and organizations at national, regional and international level related to library and information field.
 Organization of library and information services respecting to the cultural identity of different groups in the society.
 Provide resources and organize services needed for academic research activities.

References

Other websites

  Official website not in Wikidata

National libraries in Asia
Organizations based in Sri Lanka


Jarno Karl Keimo Saarinen (11 December 1945 – 20 May 1973) was a Finnish professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. In the early 1970s, he was considered one of the most promising and talented motorcycle racers of his era until he was killed during the 1973 Nations Grand Prix in Italy. Saarinen's death led to increased demands for better safety conditions for motorcycle racers competing in the world championships. He remains the only Finn to have won a motorcycle road racing world championship. Saarinen was inducted into the F.I.M. MotoGP Hall of Fame in 2009.

Motorcycle racing career
Jarno Saarinen was born and raised in Turku, South-West Finland. At the age of 15 he worked as apprentice and test-rider for Tunturi-Puch, motorcycle factory in Turku where mopeds and motorcycles were assembled under licence from the Austrian Puch manufacturer. Saarinen made his racing debut in an ice race at Ylone in 1961, finishing in second place. He and his close friend Teuvo Länsivuori participated in ice racing and grasstrack racing as well as road racing.

In 1965 Saarinen won the 250cc Finnish ice racing national championship. Saarinen was also an accomplished motorcycle speedway racer. On 4 August 1968 he made his Grand Prix debut at Imatra, riding a 125cc Puch to an 11th place in the Finnish Grand Prix, in which he was lapped three times by world champions Phil Read and Bill Ivy. In 1969 he won the 125cc and 250cc Finnish motorcycle national championships while acting as his own mechanic.

Saarinen was noted for his riding style in which he kept his chest just above the motorcycle's fuel tank, and for the way he negotiated curves by shifting his body towards the inside of a turn while extending his knee out. His riding style influenced future world champion, Kenny Roberts, when he witnessed Saarinen during a race at the Ontario Motor Speedway in 1973. Saarinen rode at the Ontario Champion Sparkplugs Classic in 1972, aboard a privately entered ex-works Al Godin Yamaha 350cc. Saarinen was also noted for the peculiar style in which he angled his handlebars in an almost vertical position.

Saarinen competed in his first full year in the 1970 250cc championship while continuing to act as his own mechanic. He convinced three bank managers to fund his racing career under the mistaken belief that they were financing his education. He finished the season in fourth place despite missing the final three rounds of the championship to complete his education by graduating as an engineer from the Turku Technical Institute.

In 1971, Giacomo Agostini was the reigning three-time 350cc world champion riding for MV Agusta however, Saarinen served notice by winning his first 350cc Grand Prix race in Czechoslovakia after Agostini's motorcycle had a mechanical failure. He then finished second to Agostini in the Finnish Grand Prix before winning the Nations Grand Prix in Italy. Saarinen competed in both 250cc and 350cc classes in 1971, finishing third in 250cc World Championship and second to Agostini in the 350cc class. He also showed his versatility at the Spanish Grand Prix by finishing second in the 50cc race aboard a Kreidler then winning the 250cc race on a Yamaha.

Saarinen's success didn't go unnoticed as Yamaha contracted him to ride their 250cc and 350cc motorcycles for the 1972 season. The Yamaha factory gave him the second 250cc Yamaha TD-3 (YZ635) after Barry Sheene complained about its performance at the third round in Austria. Saarinen rewarded Yamaha's faith in him by winning the 250cc World Championship in a tight  season-long battle with Renzo Pasolini and Rod Gould. He finished second in 350cc World Championship, giving defending champion Giacomo Agostini a strong challenge by winning three races, including a victory at the German Grand Prix held at the daunting Nürburgring race track, where Saarinen defeated Agostini for the first time in a head-to-head race. He also scored a double victory at the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix with victories in both the 250cc and 350cc classes. The threat from Saarinen's performance was so strong that the previously dominant MV Agusta factory was forced to produce a new 350cc motorcycle for Agostini. After the world championship season ended, Saarinen traveled to Great Britain where he won the Race of the Year invitational held at Mallory Park.

At the end of the season, Saarinen negotiated with the Benelli factory about the possibility of riding 350cc and 500cc Benellis in the world championships. After a secret test ride at Modena, he rode Benellis to victories over Agostini in the 350cc and 500cc races at the Pesaro street circuit. The Yamaha factory reacted to the possibility of losing their star rider by signing Saarinen to a factory-backed sponsorship to compete on the newly developed YZR500 for the 1973 season. He would also defend his 250cc world championship for the Yamaha factory. The factory sponsorship also meant that he was provided with mechanics for his motorcycles, freeing him to concentrate on racing. With Saarinen signed to a contract, Yamaha was finally ready to challenge MV Agusta's sixteen-year reign in the 500cc class with competitive equipment.

Saarinen's 1973 season started well, as he became the first European rider to win the prestigious Daytona 200 race in the United States on a Yamaha TZ 350 against much larger 750cc capacity opposition. At the time, the Daytona 200 was considered one of the most prestigious motorcycle races in the world. He returned to Europe where, against an impressive field of competitors, he claimed a victory at the prestigious Imola 200 round of the inaugural Formula 750 European championship in 1973, once again defeating competitors on larger motorcycles with the TZ 350.

Saarinen jumped to an early lead in the 1973 world championships by scoring a double victory at the season-opening French Grand Prix. He won the 250cc race then beat Read by 16 seconds to win the 500cc race. He followed this with another double victory at the Austrian Grand Prix held at the fast Salzburgring circuit. He continued his winning streak by winning the 250cc German Grand Prix but, then failed to finish the 500cc race when his chain broke while challenging Read for the lead.

Death
After sitting out the 1973 Isle of Man TT which most of the top racers boycotted due to safety concerns, Saarinen arrived at the Nations Grand Prix leading both the 250cc and 500cc championships. The Monza Circuit, first opened in 1922, was fast and lined with steel barriers which left no room for error for motorcycle racers. The steel guardrails lining the circuit were installed as a result of demands by automobile racers following an accident which occurred during the 1961 Italian Grand Prix when racing driver Wolfgang von Trips and 15 spectators were killed. Most auto racers believed steel barriers would improve safety for auto racers and spectators, but they had the opposite effect for motorcyclists. When he arrived at Monza, Saarinen had complained about the guardrails, but no action was taken. Despite the installation of two new chicanes for cars during the previous year's Formula One season (placed before the Curva Grande and at Vialone) they were not used for motorcycle racing at Monza.

On the first lap of the 250cc race, tragedy struck when the second-placed rider, Renzo Pasolini's motorcycle lurched sideways and crashed into the guardrail, killing him instantly. Pasolini's motorcycle then bounced back onto the circuit and struck Saarinen on his head. The impact knocked off his helmet and he sustained fatal head injuries. The collision caused a chain reaction accident in which more than 14 riders were involved including; Hideo Kanaya, Walter Villa, Victor Palomo, Fosco Giansanti, Börje Jansson and Chas Mortimer with several of them suffering serious injuries. The race was stopped and the following 500cc race was cancelled in the aftermath of the accident.

Over the years, the cause of the accident was the subject to significant controversy. The original cause of the crash was attributed to a spill left on the track during the 350cc race when Walter Villa's Benelli began smoking and leaking oil on the penultimate lap. Race officials failed to remove the spillage prior to the 250cc race, and one rider, John Dodds, made his concerns known to authorities, only to meet with threats of ejection from the circuit by police. However, some articles have appeared showing photos of Pasolini's bike consistent with engine seizure, locking the rear wheel and causing the crash. Further the official inquiry into the accident, issued in September 1973 found that the cause of the accident was the seizure of the engine in the motorcycle of Renzo Pasolini.

Legacy
The tragedy at Monza was a shock to the motorcycle racing community. Two of the sports best riders had been lost and the factory racing teams of Suzuki, MV Agusta, Harley Davidson, and Yamaha joined together to demand safer conditions at race tracks. Only forty days later, three riders in an Italian Juniors race were killed in the same turn. One month after the Nations Grand Prix, race teams took a stand and boycotted the Yugoslavian Grand Prix held at the Opatija street circuit in what is now Croatia due to dangerous track conditions. The Yamaha factory went further by withdrawing from racing for the rest of the year to honor Saarinen's memory.

The death of Gilberto Parlotti at the 1972 Isle of Man TT and the deaths of Saarinen and Pasolini in 1973 highlighted the need for improved safety standards for motorcycle racers. At the time, many motorcycle Grand Prix races were still being held on street circuits with hazards such as telephone poles and railroad crossings. Dedicated race tracks of the time were also dangerous for motorcycle racers due to the steel Armco trackside barriers preferred by car racers. Tensions over safety issues continued to simmer throughout the 1970s between the Grand Prix racers, race organizers and the FIM, as riders showed their increasing dissatisfaction with the safety standards and the way races were organized by boycotting several Grand Prix races.

The situation reached a breaking point in 1979 when, the reigning 500cc world champion Kenny Roberts and journalist Barry Coleman attempted to break the FIM hegemony by organizing many of the top racers to begin the process of establishing a rival motorcycle championship called the World Series. Although the competing series failed to take off due to difficulties in securing enough venues, it forced the FIM to take the riders' demands seriously and make changes regarding their safety. During the 1979 FIM Congress, new rules were passed increasing prize money substantially and in subsequent years, stricter safety regulations were imposed on race organizers. In the following years, dangerous racing circuits were removed from the Grand Prix schedule. Race circuits began replacing the steel guardrails that lined the tracks and creating safe run-off areas. This would mark the beginning of an era of increased professionalism and improving safety standards in the sport. The current MotoGP and World Superbike championships are held at closed-course circuits. Monza has three slow chicanes on the circuit, but is not present on either calendar. The last street circuit in MotoGP was in 1990.  Fatal crashes have still occurred in the 21st century, but at a much reduced rate compared to TT racing.

The Ruissalo People's Park in Turku has a road named after Saarinen. The street in front of the Italian motorcycle manufacturer Benelli's factory in Pesaro is named Via Jarno Saarinen. The name Jarno became very popular in Italy in the 1970s, one well-known bearer being former Formula-1 driver Jarno Trulli. In 2009, the F.I.M. inducted Saarinen into the MotoGP Hall of Fame.

There is still an active Saarinen fan club in Italy, and on 7 June 2014 the fan club promoted the opening of Jarno Saarinen Park in Petrignano, Assisi, Italy. In August 2016, a bronze statue of Saarinen was unveiled in the park, and in July 2017,  a duplicate of the statue was also revealed at Turku's Aurajoki Beach in Barker Park. Saarinen remains the only Finn to have won a motorcycle road racing world championship, winning 15 Grands Prix during his career. Saarinen was also a six time Finnish road racing national champion.

Motorcycle Grand Prix results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

 Saarinen fan site

Finnish motorcycle racers
50cc World Championship riders
125cc World Championship riders
250cc World Championship riders
350cc World Championship riders
500cc World Championship riders
Sportspeople from Turku
Motorcycle racers who died while racing
1945 births
1973 deaths
Sport deaths in Italy
250cc World Riders' Champions

Jarno Saarinen


Lake Cascade (formerly Cascade Reservoir),  is a reservoir in the western United States, on the North Fork of the Payette River in Valley County, Idaho. Located in the Boise National Forest, it has a surface area of , and is the fourth largest lake or reservoir in the state. The closest cities are Cascade, Donnelly, and McCall, all in the Long Valley of Valley County.

Following a delay due to World War II, the earthen dam was built by the Bureau of Reclamation, completed  in 1948. The term "Lake Cascade" came into common use in the 1990s, with the federal name change made in 1999.

Recreation
The lake contains perch, trout, smallmouth bass, Kokanee salmon, and Coho salmon for anglers and there is a beautiful winter ice fishing  season. Lake Cascade State Park has several units around the lake.

Sport fish restoration
In 2003 the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) proposed draining Lake Cascade to facilitate the removal of pikeminnow and the addition of sport fish, such as perch. Pikeminnows are considered problematic to sport fishing in Lake Cascade because they are predators that live up to 15 years and compete for food stocks. Issues involved in mitigating damage during the lowering of the lake level include maintaining an adequate supply for irrigation, providing a steady stream for power, maintaining salmon flow augmentation, and other water rights. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation manages the reservoir and estimated the draining could take place over the course of a year at a cost of $100,000 to $300,000. The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation withdrew its application for an Environmental Impact Statement studying the drawdown citing "that the draining of Lake Cascade is not a viable option for sport fish restoration."

Water quality
The lake experienced a bloom of blue-green algae in 1993 caused by low water, high phosphorus content, and hot weather. Studies of water quality found phosphorus to be present in high levels which contributed to the algal bloom. Beginning in 1995, the water quality was monitored and an improvement plan was implemented to lower the phosphorus by 37 percent. By 2003 the lake had 57 percent less phosphorus than the initial monitoring in 1995 due to the best management practices adopted in the drainage basin of the lake.

Tamarack Resort
Tamarack Resort is located on the west shore of the reservoir, southwest of Donnelly.

References

External links
Idaho Fish and Game — Cascade Reservoir
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation — Cascade Dam
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation - major storage reservoirs in the Boise & Payette River basins - current levels & flows
Pictures of Cascade – Cascade Dam spillway – June 2006

Cascade
Buildings and structures in Valley County, Idaho
Cascade
Protected areas of Valley County, Idaho
Boise National Forest
United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
Dams completed in 1948
Cascade

Lake Cascade


David Ryding (born 5 December 1986) is an English World Cup alpine ski racer who specialises in slalom. Widely considered to be the greatest British skier of all time, he has competed for Great Britain in four Olympics, seven World Championships, and won the Europa Cup. Ryding's best World Cup result was a victory in 2022 Kitzbühel slalom, the first victory for any British athlete at that level in Alpine skiing.

Career

Early career
Born in Bretherton, Lancashire, England, Ryding started competing on dry ski slopes at age eight, first skied on snow at twelve, and continued racing on dry slopes until age 21. His younger sister Joanna was also a competitive skier who won several FIS Races before retiring after a crash in 2011.

He started competing on the Europa Cup in 2007 and made his World Cup debut in December 2009. He won his first British national senior title in 2008, defeating Alain Baxter, who was competing in his final British championships and whom Ryding described as his role model during his teenage years.

Ryding competed for Great Britain at the 2010 Winter Olympics. His best result was a 27th place in slalom. After the Games he started working with coach Tristan Glasse-Davies, who suggested that Ryding should work on his technique by training in indoor snow parks.

2013 season – 2015 season
His first points in the FIS World Cup were taken in the opening slalom race of the 2013 season, a 26th place in Levi, Finland in November 2012. In the final Europa Cup slalom of the 2013 season at Kranjska Gora, Ryding needed a solid result to win the season-long Europa Cup slalom competition. In 27th place after the first run, he posted the fastest time in run 2 to finish ninth and secured the season title. He was the first British skier to win the season title at the Alpine Skiing European second-tier.

Ryding competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, finishing 17th in the slalom at Rosa Khutor. Following the Games, Glasse-Davies diagnosed that Ryding's technique on left-footed turns needed to be improved: through technical training and repetitive exercise they broke down and rebuilt his left-footed technique.

He scored his second points finish in a World Cup slalom in Åre in December 2014, finishing 17th – the best World Cup result for a British alpine skier since Chemmy Alcott finished in the same position in a race at Garmisch in March 2010. He repeated the feat with a 16th place in the Madonna di Campiglio slalom later that month and 24th, 25th and 28th positions in the Adelboden, Wengen and Schladming slaloms in January 2015. Ryding finished the 2015 season in 30th place in the slalom standings.

2016 season – 2017 season
Ryding started his campaign in the 2016 season with a new personal best at the season's first slalom competition in Val-d'Isère, where he finished 12th. He went on to qualify for the second run in every World Cup slalom up to the penultimate round in Kranjska Gora and became the fourth Briton in the history of the World Cup to qualify for the World Cup Finals, after Alain Baxter, Finlay Mickel and Alcott. He finished the season 22nd in the slalom final standings.

In the first slalom of the 2017 season in Levi, Ryding finished sixth after holding fourth place after the first run. This was his first top ten finish in a World Cup race and the best result for a British alpine ski racer since Baxter took a fourth place in Åre in 2001. He followed it up with a second top ten finish at the Snow King Trophy race in Zagreb in January 2017, where he placed seventh.

Later that month, Ryding gained his first World Cup podium, and a British record in the Hahnenkamm slalom on the Ganslernhang at Kitzbühel: after holding the lead after the first run, he finished in second place, behind Austrian Marcel Hirscher and ahead of his training partner Aleksandr Khoroshilov. He became only the second British man to achieve a World Cup alpine podium, after Konrad Bartelski, who finished second in the Val Gardena downhill in 1981, and only the fourth Briton to take a World Cup podium (after Bartelski, Gina Hathorn and Divina Galica, who took top three finishes on the women's circuit in 1967 and 1968 respectively). In an interview later that year, Ryding said that as he had never completed two runs at Kitzbühel, he had engaged in extensive video analysis of Fritz Dopfer's fastest first run in the previous year's Hahnenkamm slalom ahead of the race, watching it "70 times at least" to observe how Dopfer adapted to the piste's terrain changes. He went on to finish 11th in the slalom at the 2017 World Championships in St. Moritz, the best result for a British skier at a World Championships since 2005. He finished the season in eighth place in the World Cup slalom classification.

2018 season – 2019 season

At the 2018 season's opening slalom in Levi, Ryding led the competition after the first run. In the second run, he extended his lead from 0.14 to 0.51 seconds before hitting a rut and missing a gate within sight of the finish. At a parallel slalom in Oslo on New Year's Day 2018, he took the best result of his season to that point by finishing fourth, knocking out Marcel Hirscher in the quarter-finals along the way. Later that month at the Kitzbühel slalom, Ryding struggled in the first run, placing 25th, but set the fastest time on the second run to climb up to ninth place.

At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyongchang, South Korea, Ryding finished the first run of the slalom in 13th place before moving up to finish ninth after the second run, exactly half a second behind bronze medal winner Michael Matt. This was the best Olympic result for a British alpine skier since Martin Bell's eighth place in the men's downhill in 1988, excepting Alain Baxter's third in the men's slalom in 2002, from which he was disqualified. He went on the finish the season 11th in the World Cup slalom standings.

Ryding took one of the best World Cup results of his career so far in a slalom in Madonna di Campiglio in December 2018; after placing 27th in the first run, he set the fastest second run time to secure a fourth-placed finish. He continued his good form at the Oslo parallel slalom on New Year's Day 2019, where he knocked out Hirscher in the quarter-finals for the second year running, before defeating reigning Olympic slalom champion André Myhrer in the semi-final. He lost out in the final to Marco Schwarz after missing a gate, but his second place was the joint best World Cup result of his career so far along with his runner-up position in Kitzbühel in 2017. At the 2019 Alpine World Ski Championships, Ryding scored a new Worlds personal best by finishing ninth in the slalom, setting the third fastest time on the second run. He placed ninth in the slalom World Cup standings for the 2019 season.

2020 season – 2022 season
The start of Ryding's 2020 season echoed that of two years earlier: he once again performed strongly in the first run at the opening slalom in Levi, placing second, and started the second run quickly before crashing out near the finish. He went on to take top ten finishes at Madonna di Campiglio, where he tied for seventh - his best result of the season and Schladming, where he finished eighth. Ryding finished 13th in the season slalom standings.

Ryding opened his 2021 World Cup season at Alta Badia in December 2020, where he finished in tenth. The following month, he took the third World Cup podium finish of his career in Adelboden, initially placing eighth after the first run before moving up to third on the second run, placing 0.15 seconds behind winner Marco Schwarz. He took a third top ten finish of the season in Flachau later that month, finishing in seventh. At the World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Ryding crashed out of the first run of the slalom immediately after recording a deficit of 0.12 seconds to leader Adrian Pertl at the third intermediate time check, which would have placed Ryding in second. Ryding took 12th place in the World Cup slalom standings for the season.

On 22 January 2022 Ryding took his and Great Britain's first ever World Cup win, winning the slalom in Kitzbühel on the Ganslernhang. At the age of 35, he also became the oldest-ever winner of a World Cup slalom, and was the first Briton to win one of the Hahnenkamm Races in Kitzbühel since Gordon Cleaver took victory in the combined event at the first edition in 1931, before the establishment of the World Cup.

World Cup results

Race results
 1 win – (1 SL)
 6 podiums – (5 SL, 1 Parallel slalom)

World Championship results

Olympic results

References

External links

 British Ski & Snowboard Team – Dave Ryding

1986 births
Living people
British male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Great Britain
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
People from the Borough of Chorley

Dave Ryding


Gerrard Wendell Haworth (October 11, 1911 – October 25, 2006) was the founder of office furniture manufacturer Haworth.

Early life and education
Born in Nebraska, he moved to Benton Harbor, Michigan in 1926, where he attended high school. After graduating from Western Michigan University, he taught industrial arts at Holland High School in Holland, Michigan.  Haworth also studied at the University of Michigan.

Career
Hoping to earn extra money to put his children through college, Haworth started a woodworking shop in his garage in 1945. Three years later, he quit teaching to focus on his new company full-time, which was known as Modern Products.

In 1975, his company moved to a new facility along M-40. In recognition of the move, the company became Haworth, Inc. In 2003, he cut back from working five days a week to three.

In 2005, G. W. Haworth retired completely from the company he started.

Haworth died on the morning of October 25, 2006, aged 95.

Philanthropy
G. W. Haworth was a major supporter of many West Michigan causes.

Western Theological Seminary, Hope College, Grand Valley State University his alma mater Western Michigan University and Black River Public School, as well as the Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Holland have all benefited from Haworth's donations.

See also
Haworth

References

American chief executives of manufacturing companies
Western Michigan University alumni
People from Benton Harbor, Michigan
People from Holland, Michigan
Businesspeople from Nebraska
1911 births
2006 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American educators
Schoolteachers from Michigan
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American businesspeople

Gerrard Wendell Haworth


Coomandook is a settlement about  east-south-east of Adelaide on Dukes Highway in South Australia. The nearest place with a larger population is Coonalpyn, which is  away, with a population of around 230.

Coomandook is near the edge of the vast mallee scrub area which stretches from western Victoria across into the south east of South Australia. The most common agricultural industries are sheep, beef cattle rearing and grain growing.

The population of Coomandook was not recorded under that name in the 2006 census, but 134 voters cast their votes in Coomandook during the 2010 election.

References

Towns in South Australia

Coomandook


Manuel of Menezes (born c. 1530) was the second son of Pedro de Menezes (in English, Peter (III) of Menezes) 5th Marquis of Vila Real and of his wife, Beatrice of Lara (daughter of Afonso, 8th Constable of Portugal).

Initially, he was baptized Manuel of Noronha, but when his older brother (the 4th Marquis of Vila Real) died unexpectedly without issue in 1564, he inherited his house and changed his family name from Noronha to Menezes, once this was the name used by the Heads of the House of Vila Real.

He inherited all titles and honours, becoming 5th Marquis of Vila Real as well as all the subsidiary titles of this House: 7th Count of Vila Real, 4th Count of Alcoutim, 5th Count of Valença and 7th Governor of Ceuta.

When King Sebastian of Portugal visited for the first time Ceuta, Dom Manuel, as Governor of the city, received the monarch with extreme magnificence.

In recognition of his strong support during the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis, Philip I of Portugal rewarded him the new title of Duke of Vila Real, on 28 February 1585.

Marriage and children
He married D. Maria da Silva (granddaughter of the 2nd Count of Redondo), a chamberlady of Queen Catherine of Austria, wife of King John III of Portugal.

They had 8 children:
Miguel Luis de Menezes, 1st Duke of Caminha and 6th Marquis of Vila Real;
Jorge de Lara, died in childhood;
Luis de Noronha e Menezes, 7th Marquis of Vila Real
Beatrice de Lara, married to Pietro de' Medici, Prince of Tuscany;
Juliana de Lara, married to Sancho de Noronha, 6th Count of Odemira;
Filipa de Lara, a nun in the Sant'Ana monastery, in Leiria;
Maria de Lara, a nun in the Sant'Ana monastery, in Leiria;
Joana de Lara, married to the Portuguese nobleman João Álvares Pais de Menezes de Albuquerque

See also
Count of Vila Real
Marquis of Vila Real
House of Vila Real
List of Portuguese Dukedoms
Governor of Ceuta

External links
Genealogy of Manuel de Menezes, Duke of Vila Real, in Portuguese

Bibliography
"Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil" – Vol. III, pages 527. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.

Portuguese nobility
Dukes of Vila Real
1530s births
Year of death unknown
Governors of Portuguese Ceuta
16th-century Portuguese people

Manuel de Menezes, Duke of Vila Real


The Torment of Saint Anthony (or The Temptation of Saint Anthony, c. 1487–88) is attributed to Michelangelo, who painted a close copy of the famous engraving by Martin Schongauer when he was only 12 or 13 years old.  Whether the painting is actually by Michelangelo is disputed. This painting is now in the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.  It shows the common medieval subject, included in the Golden Legend and other sources, of Saint Anthony (AD 251 – 356) being assailed in the desert by demons, whose temptations he resisted; the Temptation of St Anthony (or "Trial") is the more common name of the subject.  But this composition apparently shows a later episode where St Anthony, normally flown about the desert supported by angels, was ambushed in mid-air by devils.

Ownership
The painting was previously attributed to the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio, under whom Michelangelo had served his apprenticeship. Under that attribution it was bought at a Sotheby's auction in July 2008 by an American art dealer for US$2 million. When the export license was obtained that September, it was brought to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where it was cleaned of discoloured varnish and later overpainting and closely examined for the first time. On the basis of stylistic hallmarks such as "emphatic cross hatching", it was decided that the painting was indeed by Michelangelo. It was soon bought by the Kimbell Art Museum for an undisclosed amount, believed to be in excess of $6 million.  Though Giorgio Vasari states that Michelangelo painted a copy of Schongauer's print, experts disagree whether this is that painting.

Characteristics
Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Artists noted that Michelangelo had painted St. Anthony after a print by Schongauer, and Ascanio Condivi recorded that Michelangelo had gone to a market to draw fish scales, a feature not present in the original engraving. Besides this enhancement, Michelangelo also added a landscape below the figures, and altered the expression of the saint.

Legacy
It is one of only four surviving panel paintings by Michelangelo, whom Vasari records as speaking disparagingly of oil painting in later life, and the only one, if the new attribution holds, from his adolescence.  Schongauer's late-Gothic style is also in strong contrast with the rest of Michelangelo's oeuvre, even in his youth.  The prints of Schongauer, just reaching the end of his short life when Michelangelo copied him, were widely distributed in Europe, including Italy.

See also
 List of works by Michelangelo

References

Religious paintings by Michelangelo
1480s paintings
Paintings of Anthony the Great
Demons in art
Ships in art
Paintings in the Kimbell Art Museum

The Torment of Saint Anthony


Catherine Cate Coblentz (June 5, 1897 – May 30, 1951) was an American writer, best known for her children's books in the 1930s and 1940s. She was a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award and Newbery Honor laureate.

Life and work
Born in Hardwick, Vermont, Catherine Cate worked during World War I at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., where she met her future husband, William Coblentz, an American scientist who was a pioneer in the field of infrared spectroscopy. They were married on June 10, 1924. Two daughters were born to the couple, but both died young.

Coblentz published a poem on Mars in Popular Astronomy magazine in 1924, the same year that her husband was measuring the temperature of Mars at the Lowell Observatory. Mrs. Coblentz later achieved success as a writer of children's books, and her The Blue Cat of Castle Town won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 and was a Newbery Honor book.  Older copies of this work and some of her other books can still be found, and some are considered to be collector's items.

In 1930 Coblentz received a B.A. degree from George Washington University.
In honor of her later work, she was presented with a Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award by her alma mater in 1945.

In the mid-to-late 1940s, Coblentz was instrumental in raising money to buy the land on which the Cleveland Park Neighborhood Library was built on Connecticut Avenue in Washington, D.C.  A set of windows, with illustrations based on her books, remain on display in the library.

Catherine Cate Coblentz, her husband, and an infant daughter are buried in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C. (Section O).

Books

The dates of publication are approximate.

 Animal Pioneers (1936)
 The Blue and Silver Necklace (1937)
 The Pan American Highway (1942)
 The Falcon of Eric the Red ( 1942)
 The Bells of Leyden (1944)
 The Amazon (1944)
 Sequoya (1946)
 Scatter, the Chipmunk (1946)
 Martin and Abraham Lincoln (1947)
 The Blue Cat of Castle Town (1949)
 Ah-yo-ka: Daughter of Sequoya (1950)
 The Beggars' Penny (1943)

References

Further reading

  - Autobiography of William Coblentz
  - Describe her life on pages 78–79

External links

1897 births
1951 deaths
American children's writers
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
George Washington University alumni
Newbery Honor winners
People from Hardwick, Vermont
Place of death missing

Catherine Cate Coblentz