Monique Vézina,  (born July 13, 1935) is a former Canadian politician. She now works with a Non-governmental organization in the field of international development.

Vézina was born in Rimouski, Quebec.  Prior to entering politics, she worked for numerous community agencies in the fields of education, family services and women's rights in the Lower Saint Lawrence River valley region of Quebec. In 1976, she became chair of the Federation of the Caisses Populaires Desjardins (a credit union organization) in her region, and joined the executive of the Quebec-wide Mouvement Desjardins. From 1978 to 1982, she served as a member of the Conseil supérieur de l'éducation and as vice-president of the Régie de l'assurance automobile du Québec.

Vézina entered politics in the 1984 general election being elected as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Rimouski—Témiscouata. She was one of a number of Quebec nationalists recruited to the PC Party as part of the creation of a coalition that could win power. She was appointed to the first Cabinet of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney as Minister of External Relations (a junior portfolio to the Secretary of State for External Affairs), and as Minister responsible for La Francophonie. Her focus in Cabinet was in the field of international development.

In 1986, she became Minister of Supply and Services. From 1987 to 1993, she held a succession of junior portfolios as a Minister of State first for Transport (1987–1988), for Employment and Immigration (1988–1993), and for Seniors (1988–1993). From January to June 1993, she again served as Minister for External Relations and Minister responsible for la Francophonie. She decided not to remain in politics following Mulroney's retirement, and left Cabinet in June 1993 when Kim Campbell became PC leader and prime minister. Vézina did not run in the 1993 general election.

After leaving politics, Vézina remained active in the field of international development as a member of the board of directors of the Montreal-based Centre d'éducation et de coopération internationale from 1994 to 1997.  In 1995, she chaired the Commission des aînés and the Commission nationale sur l'avenir du Québec, bodies set up by the Parti Québécois government of Quebec in preparation for the 1995 Quebec referendum. The next year, she was elected Patriote de l'année by the Quebec nationalist Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal, and was named a member of l'Ordre du mérite coopératif québécois.

In 1998, Vézina caused controversy in English Canada by stating that she had never been a Canadian federalist .

Vézina currently serves as vice-president of the 'Conseil des relations internationales de Montréal, president of the Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois and of the Conférence des peuples de langue française''.

Honours
In 2007, she was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec.

References

External links

1935 births
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Officers of the National Order of Quebec
People from Rimouski
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Women in Quebec politics
Members of the 24th Canadian Ministry
20th-century Canadian women politicians
Women government ministers of Canada

Monique Vézina


Bangladesh has a parliamentary representative democratic republic.  The Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government.

The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972.  There have been fifteen amendments.

All citizens are able to vote after they turn 18.  There are 300 members of the legislature.  They are elected at least every 5 years.

References

Bangladesh

Government of Bangladesh


Lumford Mill was a historic cotton mill at Bakewell in Derbyshire, England.

In 1777, Richard Arkwright leased a stretch of land by the River Wye from Philip Gell of Hopton. He installed his son as manager but there were problems with water rights. Upstream from the mill, they were owned by the Duke of Devonshire and downstream by the Duke of Rutland, both of whom were hostile to industrial development in the area as would later be the case with the railway.

But in any case Arkwright had not sought to gain permission, constructing dams and ponds,  extracting sand, gravel and soil from land on the Rutland estate, altering the course of the river, and interfering with the Duke of Devonshire's fishing.  This resulted in court cases in which Arkwright admitted trespass and paid compensation and a rent of £10 a year.  From then on the mill prospered.

It was one of the few that Arkwright's son retained when he sold most of his cotton ventures  and moved into banking.

There were difficulties in recruiting locally, so girls were brought in from Manchester. It was sold in 1860 to the Duke of Devonshire, but it burned down and was rebuilt in around 1890. At its peak it employed some 350 people. In 1898 the mill was taken over by the Dujardin-Plante Company who manufactured electric storage batteries.

Throughout this time it continued to use water power with two high breast-shot wheels which had been installed in 1827 and 1852, replacing the original undershot wheel. After a hundred years of almost continuous working, a gear segment of the older wheel broke and jammed, to be replaced by water turbines.

Lumford Mill still stands today, under the name of Riverside Business Park Ltd. Proudly continuing its industrial lineage, the site is one of the largest industrial estates within the National Park, and is home to around 40 local businesses, some of which still work out of the old mill buildings. A number of the original mill workers cottages are also still inhabited at the site.

References
Cooper, B., (1983) Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent Heinemann, republished 1991 Cromford: Scarthin Books

Textile mills in Derbyshire
Cotton mills
Former textile mills in the United Kingdom
Textile mills completed in the 18th century
Bakewell

Lumford Mill


David Longdon (17 June 1965 – 20 November 2021) was a British singer and multi-instrumentalist, who was best known as the lead vocalist and co-songwriter of the progressive rock band Big Big Train. Besides singing, Longdon played flute, keyboards, acoustic and electric 6 & 12 string guitars, bass, mandolin, lute, banjo, accordion, percussion, dulcimer, psaltry, vibraphone, theremin and glockenspiel.

Early life and career
Longdon was born in Nottingham, England, on 17 June 1965. He began writing music at age nine after discovering The Who. He began his career as the lead singer of the band The Gift Horse. Longdon was one of those who auditioned as lead singer of rock band Genesis in 1996, following the departure of Phil Collins. He auditioned during the making of Calling All Stations (1997), but the role was given to Scottish singer Ray Wilson. He joined Big Big Train in 2009, and performed on numerous instruments in addition to his role as the lead singer beginning with the album The Underfall Yard in 2010.

Personal life
Longdon had a partner, Sarah Ewing. He had two daughters, Amelia and Eloise. He died on 20 November 2021, in a Nottingham hospital, following a traumatic fall at his home early in the previous morning. Steve Hackett described Longdon as "a lovely guy [with] a wonderful voice. He sounded fabulous singing on the vocal version of [Hackett's song] 'Spectral Mornings'." Neal Morse and Geoff Downes also paid respects following his death.

Discography

With Big Big Train
Albums
 The Underfall Yard (2009)
 English Electric Part One (2012)
 English Electric Part Two (2013)
 Folklore (2016)
 Grimspound (2017)
 The Second Brightest Star (2017)
 Grand Tour (2019)
 Common Ground (2021)
 Welcome to the Planet (2022)

EPs
 Far Skies Deep Time (2010)
 Make Some Noise (2013)
 Wassail (2015)

Solo albums
Wild River (2004)
Door One (2022)

With Louis Philippe
 Jackie Girl (1996)
 Azure (1998)
 A Kiss in the Funhouse (1999)
 My Favourite Part of You (2003)
 The Wonder of it All (2004)
 Live (2007)

With Martin Orford
 The Old Road (songs "Ray of Hope" "Endgame") (2008)

With The Tangent
 Le Sacre du Travail (2013)
 L'Etagère du Travail (2013)

With Dave Kerzner
 New World (song "New World") (2014)

With The Charlatans
 Modern Nature (song "Walk with Me") (2015)

With Judy Dyble
 Between a Breath and a Breath (2020)

With Downes Braide Association
 Live in England (2019)
 Halcyon Hymns (2021)

Other projects
 Spectral Mornings (lyrics, flute and vocals) (2015) – along with Nick Beggs, Rob Reed, Nick D'Virgilio, Christina Booth and Steve Hackett.

References

External links

1965 births
2021 deaths
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians
Accidental deaths in England
British multi-instrumentalists
British rock singers
Musicians from Nottingham
The Tangent members
Big Big Train members

David Longdon


The Cray House is a two-room house in Stevensville, Maryland.  Built around 1809, it is a rare surviving example of post-and-plank construction, and of a build of small house which once dominated the local landscape. For these reasons it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

History
The house was constructed in two stages, with the earliest portion dating to around 1809.  The land upon which it stands was once called Steven's Adventure, after Francis Stevens, to whom title was granted in 1694.  The first section to be built, using an unusual sort of post-and-plank method, was a three-bay, -story house.  Later, a frame addition was made to the south end, also containing three bays.  At this time the original roof was replaced by a gambrel roof, which ran the entire length of the house.  The resulting structure is quite similar to a house style that was once relatively common during the late 18th and early 19th century in Queen Anne's County, Maryland.

The house was auctioned publicly in 1914; its namesake, widow Nora Cray, later lived there with her nine children.  In 1975 her heirs donated the house, and its lot, to the Kent Island Heritage Society, which group have restored and furnished it and opened it to the public.

Construction
The earlier section of house remains fairly ordered; a central door on each facade is flanked by six-over-six-pane windows.  The north gable end is a blank wall, and the chimney is "paneled", with its brickwork exposed up to the second floor.  In these respects, the house is not unique, as several similar houses can still be found countywide.  The modest size of the original house, too, is very much in keeping with other houses of its age from the surrounding area; such buildings were common in Tidewater Maryland well into the nineteenth century.  Less common is the post-and-plank construction of the earliest portion of the house, unusual in Tidewater Maryland, and examples such as this, where the planks run from corner to corner, were virtually unknown before this example was found.

The house has a hall-parlor plan that had only one heated room per floor.  Despite its small size, however, it was kitted out with full interior trim; elements include beaded board partition and baseboards, a two-piece chair rail, refined trim and a mantel on the first floor.

In addition to the main dwelling, a smokehouse stands on the property, at the rear of the lot.  This structure is not original to the site, but was moved to the house as a rare example of a once-common feature of houses in the region.  It is currently operated as a gift shop in conjunction with the house-museum.

Significance

When first discovered, the Cray House was thought to be a unique survival of an unusual type of post-and-plank construction. Subsequent investigations have shown that a number of these buildings remain, scattered throughout Tidewater Maryland. Unfortunately, almost all of these buildings are in threatened condition. The majority of the known examples are either small farm buildings or have been adapted as kitchen wings for larger houses. The Cray House, along with two similar buildings in southern Maryland, remain the only examples of such a structure that have remained relatively intact as dwellings.

The Cray House is one of a number of historic structures in Stevensville; many are grouped within the Stevensville Historic District, but the Cray House was listed separately.  It is, however, located in the middle of the historic area, on Cockey Lane; behind it is the Stevensville Train Depot, while just down the street are the Old Post Office building and the Stevensville Bank.

References

External links
Cray House - Historic Sites Consortium of Queen Anne's County
, including photo from 1978, at Maryland Historical Trust

Houses completed in 1809
Hall and parlor houses
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Historic house museums in Maryland
Museums in Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Houses in Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Kent Island, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Historic district contributing properties in Maryland

Cray House (Stevensville, Maryland)


Richard Lawson Wilson (September 3, 1905 – January 18, 1981) was an American journalist.

Wilson was born in Galesburg, Illinois, and raised in Newton, Iowa. He was the son of Frank and Emily (McCord) Wilson, and was the youngest of nine children.

He attended the University of Iowa, at Iowa City, Iowa. There he met and later married fellow journalist Katherine Y. Macy, a graduate of the University of Iowa and the Columbia University School of Journalism.

After receiving his B.A. in 1926, he began his reporting career at The Des Moines Register in Des Moines, Iowa. After a year at the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in 1928, he returned to Des Moines as City Editor and then to Washington, D.C., in 1933 to set up the Washington bureau of the Register, at that time owned by the Cowles family, who owned newspapers in the midwest and published the now-defunct Look magazine. He became chief of the Washington bureau for all Cowles publications in 1950, and occupied that post until his retirement in 1970. Wilson was elected President of the National Press Club for the year 1940. He was also very active in the Gridiron Club.

During World War II, Wilson travelled extensively abroad as a war correspondent. In 1954, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting, "[f]or his exclusive publication of the FBI Report to the White House in the Harry Dexter White case before it was laid before the Senate by J. Edgar Hoover."

Wilson retired from active newspaper reporting in 1970, and wrote a nationally syndicated column until 1976. He died on January 18, 1981, in Washington, D.C., of complications from mycosis fungoides, a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He is buried in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

He received Sigma Delta Chi's annual award for Washington reporting and was a member of the University of Iowa's Journalism-Mass Communications Hall of Fame.

Wilson and his wife had two children. Katherine M. Wilson died of pneumonia in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on January 20, 1989; she had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease. She was buried next to her husband.

Wilson's professional papers are at Herbert Hoover Presidential Library in West Branch, Iowa. He is among many people whose conversation was captured on President Nixon's "secret tapes."

References

American male journalists
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
People from Galesburg, Illinois
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting winners
1905 births
1981 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
People from Newton, Iowa
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Journalists from Illinois
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American journalists

Richard L. Wilson


Monica Ritterband (born 26 August 1955) is a Danish artist, who previously worked as a journalist and speaker.

Ritterband is the daughter of two Holocaust survivors; artist Olly Ritterband and Daniel Ritterband, who were originally from Transylvania, Romania. Ritterband graduated from the Gammel Hellerup Gymnasium and was later trained as a journalist at the Danish School of Journalism. She worked as a journalist for Ekstra Bladet and  Weekendavisen and was a presenter at the DR's TV news for several years.  In 1990, she became CEO of Carlsberg Group. Since 1997, she has devoted herself to her art full-time.

Among Ritterband's artistic works are several candlesticks for the Holmegaard, a porcelain series Musica for Royal Copenhagen, tablecloths from Georg Jensen Damask and carpets for Egetæpper, a Danish carpet design and manufacturing company, but she has also designed larger works of art; there are a series of stainless steel sculptures in the former municipality of Farum.

Monica Ritterband edited the book Flammer for Frihed (Flames for Freedom), dedicated to Amnesty International which contained music from Frederik Magle and essays by 24 Danes (including then prime minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, former prime minister Poul Schlüter, Tøger Seidenfaden, Ghita Nørby, and others) and was published on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Ritterband has been named Artist of the Year in Denmark four times.

External links
 http://www.monicaritterband.dk Monica Ritterband website

References

1955 births
Danish women artists
Danish art historians
Danish women journalists
Danish designers
Living people
Danish journalists
Weekendavisen people
Women art historians
Danish women historians

Monica Ritterband


Abbeyleix railway station served the town of Abbeyleix in County Laois, Ireland.

The station opened on 1 March 1865. Passenger services were withdrawn on 1 January 1963 by the CIÉ.

History

Opened by the Kilkenny Junction Railway, by the beginning of the 20th century the station was run by the Great Southern and Western Railway. It was absorbed into the Great Southern Railways in 1925.

The station was then nationalised, passing on to the Córas Iompair Éireann as a result of the Transport Act, 1944 which took effect from 1 January 1945. It was closed in 1963.

The clock which was in the waiting room at the station and a working scale model of the station can be seen at Heritage House, Abbeyleix.

References

Further reading

External links
 Heritage House

Disused railway stations in County Laois
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in 1865

Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland closed in 1963

Abbeyleix railway station


Pterostylis brunneola, commonly known as the giant snail orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a large rosette of leaves flat on the ground and flowering plants have a single distinctive white flower with pale fawn stripes and have leaves on the flowering spike. This species often forms large colonies, sometimes with Caladenia species.

Description
Pterostylis brunneola is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a large rosette of leaves  in diameter. Flowering plants have a single pale fawn and white flower  long and  wide on a flowering stem  high. There are two or three stem leaves  long and  wide on the flowering stem. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column and the dorsal sepal has a blunt point. The lateral sepals are held close to the galea and have erect, thread-like tips  long. The labellum is broad but not visible from outside the flower. Flowering occurs from July to September.

Taxonomy and naming
Pterostylis brunneola was first formally described in 2014 by David Jones and Christopher French from a specimen collected south of Narrogin and the description was published in Australian Orchid Review. The species had previously been known as Pterostylis sp. 'giant'. The specific epithet (brunneola) is a Latin word meaning "brownish", referring to the colour of the flowers.

Distribution and habitat
The giant snail orchid grows near Toolibin Lake in sandy soil under species of Banksia and Allocasuarina in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions.

Conservation
Pterostylis brunneola is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

References

brunneola
Endemic orchids of Australia
Orchids of Western Australia
Plants described in 2014

Pterostylis brunneola


Bradley Ronald "Brad" Hazzard (born 30 August 1951) is a retired Australian politician who served as the member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly district of Wakehurst between May 1991 and March 2023.

A member of the Liberal Party, Hazzard has also served as the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure and the Minister Assisting the Premier on Infrastructure NSW in the O'Farrell government between 2011 and 2014; as the Attorney General of New South Wales and the Minister for Justice between 2014 and 2015 in the first Baird ministry; as the Minister for Family and Community Services and the Minister for Social Housing between April 2015 and January 2017 in the second Baird government; and as the Minister for Health between January 2017 and March 2023 in the Berejiklian and Perrottet ministries.

Background and early career
Hazzard was educated at Manly Boys' High School (now Manly Selective Campus), Macquarie University where he gained a Bachelor of Arts (Science) and a Diploma of Education, the University of New South Wales where he graduated Bachelor of Laws, and the University of Sydney where he graduated Master of Laws. Hazzard was then employed as a science teacher (1974–1977) before being admitted as a solicitor in 1977. He was a partner in a Manly law firm from 1981 to 1996.

Political career
In 1983, Hazzard joined the Liberal Party and quickly rose through the ranks, becoming regional president and a member of the state executive from 1985 to 1986. Hazzard was pre-selected as Liberal Party candidate for Wakehurst in April 1991, ahead of the sitting Liberal Party member John Booth. He was elected to NSW Legislative Assembly in 1991 and sat in the backbench during the Greiner and Fahey governments.

Hazzard played a role in the "Metherell affair", involving the neighbouring Member for Davidson, Terry Metherell, who upon his resignation from the Liberal Party had expressed to Hazzard his interest in one of the Directorships at the new Environmental Protection Authority. Hazzard discussed this with Premier Greiner and the Minister for the Environment, Tim Moore, at Greiner's residence in February 1992. Greiner and Hazzard then discussed the matter with Metherell while in Parliament ten days later.

The government subsequently created the job for Metherell, which he accepted, effectively engineering a vacancy in a seat that the Liberal Party would recover at a by-election. At the May 1992 by-election the Labor Party did not nominate a candidate, and a field of Independents and minor parties reduced the Liberal vote by 16 points (14 points after preferences), nevertheless won by Liberal candidate Andrew Humpherson.

NSW Opposition
After the Labor Party won the 1995 election, Hazzard was appointed to the Opposition frontbench and held various shadow portfolios. Under Opposition Leader Peter Collins, Hazzard was Shadow Minister for Corrective and Emergency Services (1995–1996), Environment (1996–1997), Aboriginal Affairs (1996–2007), and Sport and Recreation (1997–1999)

Under Kerry Chikarovski he was Shadow Minister for Housing (1999–2000), Corrective Services (1999–2000), Disability Services and Ageing (2000–2003), and Community Services (2000–2003). Under John Brogden he was Shadow Minister for Energy and Utilities (2003–2005), Science and Medical Research (2003–2005), Youth (2005), and Community Services (2005).

Under Peter Debnam and Barry O'Farrell he was Shadow Minister for Education (2005–2007) and was made Shadow Minister for Redfern Waterloo (2007–2008). He was also appointed Shadow Minister for Planning (2008–2011) and Shadow Minister for Infrastructure (2008–2011). Between 2007 and 2011 Hazzard criticised the State Labor Government's move to take planning powers away from Local government and handing them to government-appointed planning panels and their attitudes towards development of heritage areas.

NSW Government
In April 2011 Hazzard was appointed Minister for Planning and Infrastructure and Minister Assisting the Premier on Infrastructure NSW. He also served as Leader of the Legislative Assembly from April 2011 to April 2014.

Due to the resignation of Barry O'Farrell as Premier, and the subsequent ministerial reshuffle by Mike Baird, the new Liberal Leader, in April 2014 Hazzard was sworn in as the Attorney General and as the Minister for Justice; and lost the portfolio of Planning and Infrastructure. In April 2015, following the 2015 state election, Hazzard was sworn in as the Minister for Family and Community Services and the Minister for Social Housing in the second Baird ministry.

Following the resignation of Baird as Premier, Gladys Berejiklian was elected as Liberal leader and sworn in as Premier. The Berejiklian ministry was subsequently formed with Hazzard sworn in as the Minister for Health and the Minister for Medical Research with effect from 30 January 2017. Following the 2019 state election the two portfolios were merged as the Minister for Health and Medical Research. In December 2021, Hazzard was sworn in as the Minister for Health, with the responsibilities of the Office of Medical Research transferred to the Minister for Science, Innovation and Technology, Alister Henskens.

On 25 October 2022, Hazzard announced his retirement from politics ahead of the 2023 state election.

Personal life
Hazzard has two adult sons. Hazzard married his second wife Nicole in February 2020.

Policies and beliefs
In August 2019, Brad Hazzard came out in support of removing abortion as a criminal offence (after 119 years within the NSW Crimes Act 1900 section(s) 82–84) via a bill he co-sponsored with 14 others of all different political parties and independents. The bill passed the parliament on 26 September 2019. Hazzard also supported proposals to ban the controversial practice of conversion therapy at a state and national level, however,  a bill had not yet been introduced.

See also

Shadow Ministry of Barry O'Farrell
O'Farrell ministry
First Baird ministry
Second Baird ministry
First Berejiklian ministry
Second Berejiklian ministry
Perrottet ministry

References

1951 births
Australian schoolteachers
Australian solicitors
Living people
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Sydney Law School alumni
University of New South Wales Law School alumni
Macquarie University alumni
Science teachers
Attorneys General of New South Wales
21st-century Australian politicians

Brad Hazzard


Hoag's object is a  ring galaxy.   The galaxy is named after Arthur Allen Hoag who discovered it in 1950. He identified it as either a planetary nebula or an unusual galaxy. The object has about eight billion stars, and is ~600 million light-years away in the constellation Serpens.

Characteristics
A nearly perfect ring of young hot blue stars circles the older yellow nucleus of this ring galaxy. The inner core of the galaxy is about   (), while the surrounding ring has an inner 28″ diameter of  () and an outer 45″ diameter of  (), which is slightly larger than the Milky Way Galaxy. The gap separating the two stellar populations may contain some star clusters that are almost too faint to see.

As rare as this type of galaxy is, another more distant,reddish (and unnamed) ring galaxy can be seen through Hoag's object, between the nucleus and the outer ring of the galaxy, at roughly the one o'clock position in the picture to the right.

History and formation
Art Hoag suggested the visible ring was a product of gravitational lensing. This idea was later discarded: the nucleus and the ring have the same redshift, and  the ring shows knotty structure which would not be visible with gravitational lensing.

Many of the details of the galaxy remain a mystery, especially how it formed. "Classic" ring galaxies are usually formed by the collision of a small galaxy with a larger disk-shaped galaxy.  This collision produces a density wave in the disk which leads to a characteristic ring-like appearance. Such an event, 2–3 billion years in the past, may have formed polar-ring galaxies. However, there is no sign of any second galaxy which would have acted as the "bullet", and the core of Hoag's object has a very low velocity relative to the ring, making the typical formation hypothesis unlikely.

Noah Brosch suggested that Hoag's object might be a product of an extreme "bar instability" which occurred a few billion years ago in a barred spiral galaxy. Schweizer et al claims that this is unlikely because the nucleus of the object is spheroidal, whereas the nucleus of a barred spiral galaxy is disc-shaped. However, evidence is somewhat thin for this dispute to be settled. A few other galaxies share the characteristics of Hoag's object, including the bright detached ring of stars, but their centers are elongated or barred, and they may exhibit some spiral structure  While none match Hoag's object in symmetry, this handful of galaxies are known to some as Hoag-type galaxies.

References

Galaxies
Ring galaxies

Hoag's object


Lituanus is an English language quarterly journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic languages, linguistics, political science, arts, history, literature, and related topics. It is published by the non-profit Lituanus Foundation, Inc., and has a worldwide circulation of about 3,000 copies per issue. The first issue was published in 1954 in Chicago, Illinois. Many of the back issues are available free of charge on its website. Its ISSN number is .

Lituanus is abstracted in two internationally recognized abstract services: MLA (Modern Language Association) and IPSA (International Political Science Association). Over the last fifty years, its most frequent editor has been Professor (now Emeritus) Antanas Klimas of the University of Rochester. The journal has featured articles by Czesław Miłosz, Tomas Venclova, Vytautas Kavolis, Jurgis Baltrušaitis, and Vytautas Landsbergis.

External links
 Lituanus.org

Cultural journals
Latvian literature
Lithuanian literature
Magazines published in Lithuania
Academic journals established in 1954

Lituanus


Latin ballad () is a sentimental ballad derived from bolero that originated in the early 1960s in Los Angeles, California and Southern California.

Some of the best known artists of the Latin ballad are Julio Iglesias, Mocedades, José Luis Rodriguez, Luis Miguel, Camilo Sesto, Emmanuel, Nino Bravo, Roberto Carlos, Ricardo Montaner, Raphael and José José among others. Because of its difficulty, the Latin balladeers are often recognized as skilled singers such as the case of Nino Bravo, Camilo Sesto, José José, Luis Miguel or Raphael.
In recent decades it has become the dominant musical genre of Latin pop.

Origin and evolution
Music fans can find roots of "Ballads" in pre-war years. Blues and jazz in the United States underwent transformations that were brewing since the 1930s and 1940s and that led to the origin of new rhythms. Bing Crosby's "White Christmas", Frank Sinatra, Marlene Dietrich's "Lili Marleen" and Dooley Wilson's "As Time Goes By" were examples of early Ballad singers. Rock and rollin the mid-1950s transforms contemporary types of music in terms of how to sing them and instrumentation, which includes electric instruments in addition to the traditional balladism. Ballads spread in the acetates records and in American cinema to the world also influencing.

One of the main diffusers was Elvis Presley, when he diversified his music, in addition to rock and roll, cultivating the new ballad, influencing the romantic Sentimental ballad of the late decade (led by Paul Anka "You are my Destiny",1958, "Put your Head on my Shoulder",1959, and Neil Sedaka ). Postwar years 1950s, Latin America, Europe and the other continents received American musical influence and produced reissues of American ballads with new lyrics in native languages for more than a decade.

Trio Los Panchos gained latin ballad hits such as "Besame Mucho", "Sabor a Mí", "Solamente Una Vez", and "Quizas, Quizas, Quizas". The Latin or romantic ballad has its origin in the Latin American bolero in the 1950s (Lucho Gatica, Leo Marini), but also in the romantic song in Italian (Domenico Modugno) and French (Charles Aznavour, George Mustaki) in the 1960s and 1970s. In Mexico, the ballad recorded as such is "Sonata de Amor" (Sonata of Love) of Mario Álvarez in 1961. In 1965 the famous bolero singer-songwriter Armando Manzanero, sang his ballad, "Pobres besos míos" (My Poor Kisses).

Latin ballad was popular during the 1970s in Latin America, where artists such as Mocedades, Emmanuel, Julio Iglesias, José José, José Luis Rodriguez, Camilo Sesto, Raphael, Roberto Carlos, Rocío Dúrcal and others released hits. The main hits of Mocedades "Eres Tú", José José were "El triste" (The Sad One), "La nave del olvido" (The Ship of Forgetfullness), "Te extraño" (I Miss You, also written by Manzanero), "Amar y querer" (To love and To want). By Roberto Carlos(singer) the songs "Amigos" (Friends) or "Detalles" (Details). By Camilo Sesto the hits "Algo de Mí" (Something from Me), "Perdóname" (Forgive Me), "Si Tú Te Vas" (If you leave), "Melina", "Jamás" (Never), "Todo por Nada" (All for Nothing), "Fresa Salvaje" (Wild Strawberry) . Rocío Dúrcal enjoyed Latin America success and was known as "La Dama de la canción" (The Lady of Song). These songs gained hit in Latin America.

The heyday of the ballad was romantic in the 1980s, where artists such as Julio Iglesias, Amanda Miguel, Ricardo Montaner, Diego Verdaguer and others released a big number of hits. The main hits of Julio Iglesias "To All the Girls I've Loved Before", Amanda Miguel were "Así no te amará jamás" (This Way He Will Never Love You), by 1984 among many others that were released in Los Angeles. These songs are widely known today in Southern California.

In the course of their existence the genre merged with diverse rhythms to form several variants, such as romantic salsa and cumbia aside others.

From the 1990s, globalization and media internationalization processes that integrated contributed to the ballad's spread international spread and further homogenize around a common Latin identity. As part of the Latin Americanization of the United States and the dominant presence in the genre of multinational record labels, Miami has become the main producer of ballads which in turn has fed back trends of migration of Latino and Hispanic performers, producers and musicians to that city. By the turn of the 2010s however, Latin ballads have begun to lose popularity as uptempo Latin genres such as bachata, reggaeton, and Spanish-language electropop music have gained popularity with the Hispanic audience in the radio.

Development
The ethnomusicologist Daniel Party defines the romantic ballad as "a love song of slow tempo, played by a solo singer accompanied by an orchestra usually" .

The ballad and bolero are often confused and songs can fall in one or the other category without too much precision. The distinction between them is referring primarily to a more sophisticated and more metaphorical language and subtle bolero, compared with a more direct expression of the ballad.

Party stressed that the romantic ballad derive from  "Latin common sensibility" He draws on the research of Jesus Martin-Barbero to highlight that the romantic ballad is an expression of a broader cultural process, called by Martin-Barbero as "emotional integration in Latin America", a phenomenon that would explain a generalization of the ways of feeling and express the emotions of the Latinos, through gestures, sounds, rhythms and cadences common literary devices, linked in turn to the telenovela.

See also

 Ballad
 Latin pop
 Latin rock
 Latin music (genre)
 Chicano rock

References

Spanish music
Latin American music
Spanish-language music
Ballads
Latin pop
1970s in Latin music
1980s in Latin music
1990s in Latin music
2000s in Latin music
Latin music genres

Latin ballad


Gay Sex in the 70s is a 2005 American documentary film about gay sexual culture in New York City in the 1970s. The film was directed by Joseph Lovett and encompasses the twelve years of sexual freedom bookended by the Stonewall riots of 1969 and the recognition of AIDS in 1981, and features interviews with Larry Kramer, Tom Bianchi, Barton Lidice Beneš, Rodger McFarlane, and many others.

The film uses archival footage and interviews to describe the world of gay anonymous and casual sex in the settings of discotheques, bathhouses, bars and dark rooms, Fire Island and more.

Synopsis

The film opens with a rapid montage of visuals that transport people back to the 1970s in and around Greenwich Village. Driving disco music of the time sets the pace. Using intimate interviews, the story of gay sex in the 1970s develops through characters such as Larry Kramer, Scott Bromley, Barton Benes, and Rodger McFarlane. These characters begin to expand the elements that were visually introduced. They talk about the public sex: the streets, the piers, and the trucks.

This outpouring of sexuality is put into perspective when it is shown what gay life was like before 1969. How the political climate of the time influenced sexual expression. They discuss Vietnam, women's rights and especially Stonewall in 1969. The interviewees explore the experience of 'Escaping to New York'. What some of the reasons they left the cities they had spent their entire lives in were, how things changed after the Sexual Revolution had begun.

New York in the 1970s continued the sexual liberation birthed during the free love movement of the 1960s. Playboy magazine flourished like never before as well as more explicit rival magazines Penthouse and Hustler , the Broadway show 'Hair', 'Oh Calcutta' and the highly controversial 'Dionysus in '69′ were produced. There was a bombardment of sexual stimuli.

For the first time in history, gay pornography began receiving widespread attention. But how did pornography compare with actual sex occurring in the seventies? 'Couldn't compete – life was a pornographic movie' Rodger McFarland explains.

Sex had become the great equalizer. Young men of all financial strata and backgrounds met in New York to experience a freedom of sexual expression that hadn't been known since ancient Rome. Just a few years before these same men had assumed that their futures were to be in the suburbs via the marriage altar. They found themselves cruising the streets, frequenting gay bars, having sex everywhere from the privacy of their homes, to the orgiastic atmosphere of the bathhouses, to semi-public sexual meeting places like the trucks and the piers. At some venues such as the Continental Baths on the Upper West Side performers such as Bette Midler wowed towel clad audiences.

Paradise Garage opened its doors. A heaven for young men and women of all colors and gay men, it birthed disco music. Other clubs soon followed – from the famous 'Studio 54′, to the infamous 'Saint'. Men danced their nights away in an intoxicating communal brotherhood.

How did drugs fit into all this experimentation? Even though HIV had not yet become a threat, what kinds of STDs were being experienced? What were the challenges of all this available sex? In this new birth control age antibiotics were consumed in ever increasing amounts and as long as you were ready to party for the next weekend in the Pines, that was considered a clinical cure.

By the 1970s Fire Island had become the summer paradise of choice for gay men. People from all over the world flew in to enjoy the outlandish parties, partake of sex on the beach and dance under the moonlight. But as the late 1970s partied on, there came to be talk of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and some men privately began to wonder 'had they gone too far too fast?' The election of the conservative Republican Ronald Reagan in 1980 as well as Disco Demolition Night which helped bring about the decline of Disco music in the United States and the rise of the Religious Right in the early 1980s seemed to signal a backlash against the liberal atmosphere of the previous decade and the sexual revolution.

In June 1981, just twelve years after the Stonewall Riots, an article appeared in the New York Times that would soon put the brakes on this unprecedented era of sexual freedom. It was by Dr. Lawrence Altman about an unusual cancer seeming to affect gay men – a cancer that soon came to be known as AIDS. While at first many simply brushed off the new reports and continued to party on, by the mid-1980s with the rising death toll it became impossible to ignore and one of the results from the new disease was the New York City Health department closing all of the gay bathhouses in 1985. Community and friendships formed by the energy and sexual freedom gave gay men the ability to bond together and work as a strong, cohesive community. They sounded the first public health alarms and formed groups such as GMHC that have helped and continue to help thousands of men and women living with HIV to this day.

The film returns to the present day, 2004. Our characters explore what they gained from being alive in New York during the brief period of unencumbered sexuality that was life in New York during the 1970s, what the legacy of that time of sexual freedom is and how it continues to affect young people today.

Cast
The following people are interviewed for the documentary.
 Robert Alvarez
 Alvin Baltrop
 Barton Benes
 Tom Bianchi
 Mel Cheren
 Arnie Kantrowitz
 Larry Kramer
 Lawrence Mass
 Rodger McFarlane
 Susan Tomkin
 Richard A. Lynch
 Ken Unger

Awards
The film was awarded the GayVN Award for Best Alternative Release of 2006.

See also
1970s in LGBT rights

References

Further reading
 Padva, Gilad. Sexing the Past: Communal Exposure and Self-Examination in Gay Sex in the 70s. In Padva, Gilad, Queer Nostalgia in Cinema and Pop Culture, pp. 58–71 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, ).

External links
 Official site

 Official Facebook Page

1970s in LGBT history
2005 films
Documentary films about gay men
Documentary films about United States history
Documentary films about New York City
LGBT in New York (state)
2005 documentary films
2005 LGBT-related films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
English-language documentary films
American LGBT-related documentary films

Gay Sex in the 70s


Max Coltheart  (born 16 April 1939) is an Australian cognitive scientist who specialises in cognitive neuropsychology and cognitive neuropsychiatry.

Coltheart was born in Frankston, Victoria and grew up in Brisbane, Canberra and Bega. He commenced a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Sydney in 1957, and completed MA and PhD degrees there, then went on to a succession of academic posts including at the University of Sydney, 1965-1967, Monash University, 1967-1969, University of Waterloo, Canada 1969-1972) and the University of London. He was Reader in Psychology at the University of Reading 1972-1975 and Professor of Psychology at Birkbeck College London University from 1975 to 1987. In 1987 he took up the position of Professor of Psychology in the Psychology Department of Macquarie University.

Coltheart was appointed Scientific Director of the Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science in 2000, and maintained this position until 2009. He was awarded an ARC Federation Fellowship in 2002 and in 2010 was appointed Emeritus Professor of Cognitive Science at Macquarie University. He is also a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.  He is currently a Chief Investigator in the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders at Macquarie University. Among his prominent students is Anne Castles.

He is noted for developing the "dual-route" theory of reading) in the late 1970s and the two-factor theory of delusional belief in the 2000s  as well as contributions to the debate about what can be learned about cognition from functional neuroimaging work

Coltheart received a Centenary Medal on 1 January 2001 "For service to Australian society and science in cognitive neuropsychology'. He was appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2010 Australia Day Honours "For service to cognitive psychology as a researcher and academic, and to people with learning difficulties".

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Academic staff of Macquarie University
Australian cognitive scientists
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Members of the Order of Australia
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy
Academic staff of Monash University
Academics of Birkbeck, University of London
Australian expatriates in England
Academics of the University of Reading
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Australian expatriates in Canada

Max Coltheart


Joan Mervyn Hussey  (5 June 1907 in Trowbridge, Wiltshire – 20 February 2006 in Virginia Water, Surrey) was a British Byzantine scholar and historian.

Education
Hussey was educated privately at home, at Trowbridge High School for Girls (now The John of Gaunt School), and at the Lycée Victor Duruy in Paris. She went on to St Hugh's College, Oxford, graduating with a BA and MA in Modern History in 1925. Following a period of supervision under Sir David Ross, she moved to the University of London and in 1935 completed a PhD supervised by Norman H. Baynes.

Career
International Travelling Fellow of the Federation of University Women 1934-5
Pfeiffer Research Fellow, Girton College, Cambridge 1935-7
Assistant Lecturer, Manchester University 1937-43
Member of Council, St Hugh's College, Oxford 1940–6; Honorary Fellow 1968-2006
Lecturer, Bedford College, London 1943-47; Reader 1947-50
Professor of History, Royal Holloway College, London 1950-74
President, British National Committee for Byzantine Studies 1961-71

Personal life
During her retirement she was received into the Catholic Church by the noted Jesuit theologian John Coventry. She was unmarried and had no children.

Publications
Church & Learning in the Byzantine Empire, 867-1185 (1937)
The Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century: some different interpretations (1950)
The writings of John Mauropous: a bibliographical note (1951)
George Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine state; tr. Joan Hussey (1956; 2nd ed. 1968; rev. ed. 1969)
Nicholas Cabasilas, A commentary on the Divine Liturgy; tr. J.M. Hussey and P.A. McNulty (1960)
The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. IV, The Byzantine Empire; ed. J.M. Hussey (new ed. 1966-7)
The Byzantine World (1957; 2nd ed. 1961; 3rd ed. 1967)
Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Oxford, 5–10 September 1966;ed. J.M. Hussey, D. Obolensky, and S. Runciman (1967)
Ascetics and Humanists in eleventh-century Byzantium (1970)
The Finlay papers (1973)

Kathegetria: essays presented to Joan Hussey for her 80th birthday (1988)
The journals and letters of George Finlay; ed. J.M. Hussey (1995)

References

1907 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of St Hugh's College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of London
Fellows of Girton College, Cambridge
People from Trowbridge
Academics of Royal Holloway, University of London
20th-century British historians
20th-century British women writers
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
British women historians
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

Joan M. Hussey


Rita Raave (born 6 April 1951) is an Estonian stage, television and film actress, and painter.

Early life and education
Rita Raave was born in Mõisaküla, Viljandi County in 1951 to journalist, cartoonist, Lutheran pastor, and politician Kalev Raave and Lydia Raave (née Majas). She has three siblings: Raivo J. Raave, Riho Raave, and Anneli Raave-Sepp.

Raave pursued a career in acting and is a 1974 graduate of the Tallinn State Conservatory (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre). Among her graduating classmate were Maria Klenskaja, Elle Kull, Jüri Aarma, Kaie Mihkelson and Jaan Rõõmussaar.

Stage career
Following her graduation from the Tallinn State Conservatory, she became employed as an actress at the Estonian Drama Theatre in Tallinn in 1974, where she would remain until 1998, when she became engaged at the Vannalinnastuudio in Tallinn. Raave would remain at the Vanalinnastuudio until the theatre's closing in 2004; becoming a freelance actress afterward. She has since performed onstage at the Old Baskin's Theatre, among others.

Raave has had a prolific career as a stage actress. Some of her more notable stage roles include those in works by such authors and playwrights as: Shakespeare, Jaan Kross, Jaan Kruusvall, Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco, and Leo Tolstoy.

Film and television
Raave's first substantial feature film role was as a starring role as Ragne Rass in the Olav Neuland directed 1982 Tallinnfilm romantic drama Corrida. The film was based on the 1979 Teet Kallas penned novel of the same name. This was followed the next year by the role of Maret in the Kaljo Kiisk directed Nipernaadi; the film adaptation of the 1928 August Gailit novel Toomas Nipernaadi about a roguish vagabond who breezes through the Estonian countryside inspiring locals to turn their own dreams into reality.

In 1990, she would appear in two films: a small role in the Peeter Simm directed historical drama Inimene, keda polnud, and in the Rauni Mollberg directed Finnish drama Ystävät, toverit. She would end the decade with a role in the 1999 Peeter Urbla directed dramatic film short Kõrbekuu, for Allfilm.

Raave would appear in a number of films throughout the 2000s and 2010s, most notably among them; the 2007 road movie comedy 186 Kilometers; as a brothel administrator in the 2007 Kadri Kõusaar directed drama Magnus; as Ruth in the 2011 Mart Kivastik directed drama Üks mu sõber; and as a judge in the 2013 Kadri Kõusaar directed drama Kohtumõistja. She has also appeared in a number of short films; notably, the Anna Hints directed drama Vaba maa, opposite actors Eili Sild and Raivo Trass. In 2013, she appeared in the role of Susanna's mother in the Veiko Õunpuu directed drama Free Range/Ballaad maailma heakskiitmisest. In 2023, she appeared in the role of Ruth in the Mart Kivastik penned and directed comedy Taevatrepp.

Aside from film, Rita Raave has also appeared on Estonian television. Most notably, in a 1991 television play production of Ernest Hemingway's The End of Something based on Hemingway's 1925 first collection of short stories In Our Time. Between 1993 and 1995, she appeared on the TV3 television drama series Salmonid.

Painting
In addition to acting, Rita Raave has also held several exhibitions of her paintings. In December 2005, she held an exhibition at Tallinn's Gallery-G. She names Renaissance masters such as Giotto, Botticelli, Titian, and da Vinci as inspirations.

Personal life
Riita Raave was married to actor Hans Kaldoja in 1976. The couple had a son, Indrek, before divorcing. Raave has been in a long-term relationship with writer and artist Enn Põldroos for many years. They currently reside in Soe in Viljandi County, and operate a small, private art museum in Viljandi.

References

External links

1951 births
Living people
People from Mulgi Parish
Estonian stage actresses
Estonian film actresses
Estonian television actresses
20th-century Estonian actresses
21st-century Estonian actresses
Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni

Rita Raave


The Hawaii Center for Volcanology was a cooperative effort between the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the United States Geological Survey, and the Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. The loosely organized cooperative was created in 1992 to "bring together experts from around the state of Hawaii so that we might better understand these magical mountains of fire", and consists of approximately 80 scientists. Its site is maintained by members of the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology staff, even though it is no longer in operation.

References

 About The Hawaii Center for Volcanology

Environment of Hawaii
Research institutes in Hawaii
Volcano observatories
1992 establishments in Hawaii

Hawaii Center for Volcanology


Laylat al-mabit () refers to the night in 622 CE in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad fled Mecca for Yathrib, apparently to foil an assassination plan. His escape from Mecca followed the exodus of his persecuted followers to the safe haven of Yathrib, a city that was later renamed Medina in his honor. Laylat al-mabit is often associated in Islamic literature with the reports that Muhammad's cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib risked his life to facilitate Muhammad's safe escape from Mecca.

Event

As the harassment of early Muslims in Mecca continued, or perhaps with the hope of better prospects, Muhammad asked his followers to emigrate to the city of Yathrib, whose residents had pledged to protect him there. To attract less attention, Muslims left Mecca in small groups, throughout the summer of 622 CE, while Muhammad remained behind in Mecca to organize and encourage the emigration efforts, or perhaps to ensure an independent position in Yathrib upon his arrival later. Alarmed by the new developments, the Meccan clan leaders decided to murder Muhammad. The plan was for a group of warriors, one from each Meccan clan, to kill Muhammad together to avoid any potential retribution from Muhammad's clan, the Banu Hashim.

An informant, or perhaps the archangel Gabriel, disclosed the assassination plot to Muhammad. To foil their plans, his young cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib risked his life and slept in Muhammad's bed that night instead of him. Alternatively, the historian Ibn Ishaq () writes that Muhammad reassured Ali of his safety in advance. At any rate, Muhammad left Mecca in the meantime under cover of darkness, joined later by Abu Bakr, another companion. In a last-minute change of plans, however, the assassins waited until the next morning to attack. At dawn, they broke into the house and found Ali, whose life they spared. He stayed behind in Mecca for a few days after Muhammad's departure to return the goods entrusted to him, who was evidently known in Mecca as al-Amin (). Then Ali too escaped Mecca together with a few Muslim women, including his mother, Fatima bint Asad, and Muhammad's daughter, Fatima. Muhammad is said to have waited outside of Yathrib in Quba for Ali to join him before entering the city on 27 September 622. Yathrib was later renamed Medinat al-Nabi (), or simply Medina, in his honor.

Mention in the Quran
That Ali reputedly risked his life to facilitate Muhammad's safe escape may have been the reason for the revelation of verse 2:207 in the Quran, "But there is also a kind of man who gives his life away to please God, and God is most compassionate to his servants." This was the opinion Ibn Abbas (), an influential early exegete, and such reports are also found in the works of the Sunni authors al-Tha'labi (), al-Razi (), and al-Haskani, the Shia authors al-Tabarsi (), al-Hilli (), al-Balaghi (), and the Mu'tazilite scholar Ibn Abi'l-Hadid ().

See also

Footnotes

References

Ali

Laylat al-mabit


Rotem Shefy (; born 1984), also known by her stage name Shefita (), is an Israeli singer and voice actress. As Shefita, Shefy portrays an Arab diva, who has risen to fame by producing cover versions to famous rock songs like Radiohead's "Karma Police" and Nirvana's "Lithium". Her cover renditions have an Arabic musical influence.

Shefita was a contestant on Israel's Rising Star television show, in its 6th season, and competed to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. She came in at 3rd place in show's season final which aired on February 12, 2019.

Early life
Rotem Shefy was born in Karmiel, Israel, to a Jewish family, her father is of Ashkenazi Jewish descent and her mother is of Mizrahi Jewish (Yemenite-Jewish) descent. In highschool, she majored in theatre and film. In 2002, she joined the Israeli Defense Forces and served as lead singer in an Israel Air Force Ensemble until 2004. After her army service, Shefy studied at Rimon Music School and majored in voice and composition.

Shefy studied voice-acting at NLS studios and provided her voice to shows such as Kid and Cat and Pokémon and to films such as Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, The Princess and the Frog and Arthur and the Invisibles.

In 2011, Shefy began to perform with a band and her original material.

Music career

Her stage persona, Shefita, incorporates many characteristics of a diva; She wears heavy makeup, wears stylish evening gowns and jewelry and walks with a stylish cane. She was supposedly born in Dubai and claims from time to time that Kurt Cobain was her lover who made her vow to sing a cover version to one of his songs before dying in her arms.

In April 2013, she released a cover version of Radiohead's "Karma Police".

In July 2015, she released a cover version of Nirvana's "Lithium". In August of the same year, she released a cover version of Naomi Shemer's "Aleph Bet".

In November 2016, she was selected by Tel Aviv municipality to perform the theme song and official video clip to the annual pride events in Tel Aviv. She would go on to perform a cover of Aerosmith's "Pink". That same month, she covered "You Oughta Know" by Alanis Morissette, who responded on her Twitter account saying it was "beautiful".

In January 2017, she appeared in an Israeli commercial for hummus.

In late 2018, she began her participation on the sixth season of Rising Star and secured her place in the show's final which aired on February 12, 2019. She finished in 3rd place, with her performances bringing a lot of comments on social media, with some accusing her of cultural appropriation.

In January 2019, Shefita got an impersonation on the popular Israeli show Eretz Nehederet. After her participation in Rising Star, she has collaborated with more mainstream Israeli artists, especially Mizrahi musicians. In February 2019, she took part in the production of the debut album He-Storia by Israeli band HaHertzelim.

In October 2020, she participated in the Tzav HaSha'a project, and performed a cover version of the song "Ma Chashuv haYom" ("What's Important Today") together with Moti Taka. In March 2021, she released a duet with Maor Edri named "Chalik" ("Enough").

In July 2021, she released "Enta" ("You", in Arabic), a bilingual cover in Arabic and English of the original song by Balqees Ahmed Fathi.

Personal life
Shefita is in a long-term relationship with the musician Dekel Dvir, the drummer of the band Lola Marsh, who also collaborated with her in the musical production of her songs. The couple lives in Tel Aviv. Her parents are divorced, and she has a younger brother named Omer. In June 2021, Shefita announced she is expecting her first child.

References

External links

Israeli voice actresses
Israeli rock singers
Israeli pop singers
1984 births
Living people
Jewish Israeli musicians
Jewish women singers
Women rock singers
Israeli people of Yemeni-Jewish descent
Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
Israeli Mizrahi Jews
21st-century Israeli women singers
People from Karmiel

Shefita


Soleilmont Abbey () is an abbey of Trappistine nuns (O.C.S.O., or Order of Cistercians of the Strict Obervance) situated in the forest and commune of Fleurus, at Gilly near Charleroi, Belgium, founded, according to tradition, in the 11th century, which became  Cistercian in 1237. The nuns were expelled as a consequence of the French Revolution in 1796, but soon re-established themselves in 1802. The community became Bernardine in 1837, and Trappist in 1919.

History

Foundation
According to the foundation tradition, of which there is no confirmation, Soleilmont Abbey was founded in 1088 by Albert III, Count of Namur, and the earliest community supposedly consisted of women whose husbands had joined Godfrey of Bouillon on the First Crusade. It was possibly founded as a Benedictine monastery, but the women might simply have lived as secular canonesses and thus been free to resume their married lives, upon the safe return of their husbands. The first recorded reference to a religious house here, however, is in a charter of 1185.

Cistercians
In a document dated 11 January 1237, Baldwin II of Courtenay, Count of Namur, requested that the Cistercian Order accept Soleilmont Abbey, which they duly did, as a dependency of Aulne Abbey. On 23 March 1238 Pope Gregory IX placed the abbey under papal protection, and, at the same time, confirmed the deed of transfer of the abbey to the Cistercians.

To support his request Baldwin confirmed the gift made by his mother, Yolande of Hainaut, to the abbey of a fishpond, a mill and a meadow, and although some further gifts later increased the monastic endowments, the abbey never became wealthy. On account of their lack of resources the nuns were exempted in 1640, for example, from their dues to the Cistercian Order, and their poverty was often mentioned in the assessments of goods that were customarily made at the elections of an abbess.

Soleilmont was affected by the general decadence of monastic life that took place throughout the 14th century, to the extent that by 1414 it had been decided that the only option was to close the monastery. As a final resort before closure, however, a new abbess, Marie de Senzeille, was sent to Soleilmont from , another monastery in the County of Namur, to attempt to re-establish order, which she did so successfully that Soleilmont was not only reprieved but became a model for other communities of nuns in the monastic revival of the 15th century.

The 15th century Margot of Hainaut, celebrated for her abilities as a player of jeu de paume, a precursor of tennis, spent her later years as a nun in Soleilmont.

Prominent abbesses of the 16th century were Oda de Virsel and Madeleine Bulteau (resigned 1603), whose successor, Jacqueline Colnet (d. 1639), was a friend of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and his consort, the Infanta  Isabel of Spain, to whom she gave, from the relics of the abbey, a Holy Nail. She was principally remembered in the region however for twice ending attacks of the Black Death in the town of Châtelet, in 1628 and again in 1636, by having the abbey's famous image of Our Lady of Rome carried through the streets.

During the wars later in the 17th century, the nuns of Soleilmont, as a poor community of unprotected women, suffered particularly from harassment and theft by the soldiery.

French Revolution
In 1775, Scholastique Daivier (d. 1805) succeeded as abbess, the last abbess of the ancien régime.  In 1790, fearing the arrival of the revolutionary armies, she moved the community from Soleilmont, along with the abbey's relics and the image of Our Lady of Rome, first to  and later to Liège. However, in the belief that they had moved for no good reason, they then returned to Soleilmont in 1794, just in time to be caught up in the Battle of Fleurus of 26 June 1794, which was fought literally beneath the abbey walls.

In January 1797 the nuns were expelled from the abbey, but were given the use of a château at Farciennes by its owner, and were thus enabled to remain together as a community. Their benefactor also kept watch over the fate of the abbey buildings, which were nevertheless looted and burnt, and he acquired them on behalf of the community, who were thus able to return to them, as tenants, in 1802.

Bernardines
The next three decades were very difficult times: the community was penniless, demoralized and aging, and soon numbered only four. In 1837, however, with the help of the Cistercian nuns of  at Borgloon, they were able to buy back the premises, and, in order to generate income, opened a girls' boarding school. At the same time, under the influence of the nearby Aumôniers du Travail, they became a Bernardine community. This was a new dawn for Soleilmont, both spiritually and economically: they attracted many new vocations, and were able to refurbish and reconstruct the abbey buildings. The times of plenty continued up to World War I, during which, in 1916, the school had to close.

Trappistines

In 1919 the remaining nuns returned to the mainstream Cistercian mode of life, and were incorporated into the Trappist Order in 1922, under the supervision of Westmalle Abbey, as their original supervisory community of monks, Aulne Abbey, had ceased to function. Under this new direction Soleilmont again flourished, to the extent that in 1950 they were able to provide the 13 nuns needed to establish the new foundation of Brecht Abbey.

On Christmas Eve 1963 the abbey was completely burnt down, just after the night offices. A completely new monastery was built a few hundred yards from the ruins of the old one, in the woods of Soleilmont, in a totally modern style, which was finished in 1973.

Today
The present community of about thirty run a farm and a bakery, and make liturgical vestments. A dozen or so rooms are available in their guesthouse for the accommodation of women on retreat.

Every year, on the last Sunday of August, the image of Our Lady of Rome is carried in procession round Châtelineau nearby in memory of the protection received by that town in 1628 and 1636 against the outbreaks of the plague.

Soleilmont Abbey has a daughter foundation in Kerala, India.

Notes

Sources
Fleurus: Soleilmont
Philagodu.be: brief history of Soleilmont Abbey
Photographs of Soleilmont Abbey
OCSO official directory: Soleilmont Abbey, Fleurus

References
 Canivez, Joseph-Marie, 1926: L'Ordre de Citeaux en Belgique. Scourmont
 Daumont, O., 1937: Soleilmont, abbaye cistercienne du Pays de Charleroi. Doornik

External links

Christian monasteries in Hainaut (province)
1088 establishments in Europe
Benedictine nunneries in Belgium
Cistercian monasteries in Belgium
Cistercian nunneries in Belgium
Trappistine monasteries in Belgium
11th-century establishments in Belgium
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
Monasteries destroyed during the French Revolution
Buildings and structures in Charleroi

Soleilmont Abbey


Judi Silvano (born May 8, 1951) is a jazz singer and composer.

Career
Before attending college she studied flute, piano, and dance. She graduated from Temple University in Philadelphia with a degree in music and dance. She is a scholar of Sheila Jordan and of Jeanne Lee. For her album Woman's Work, she researched music by women composers. Her own compositions have been played on stages in New York City and Europe. She has collaborated with Mal Waldron, Kenny Werner, and Bill Frisell. When she married saxophonist Joe Lovano, she changed her last name from Silverman to Silvano. Since 2011 she has been studying painting at the Wallkill River School of Art in Montgomery, New York, and has exhibited her work in galleries.

Discography
 Dancing Voices (JSL, 1992)
 Vocalise (Blue Note, 1997)
 Songs I Wrote or Wish I Did (JSL 2000)
 Riding a Zephyr with Mal Waldron (Soul Note, 2002)
 Let Yourself Go (Zoho Music, 2004)
 Women's Work (JSL, 2007)
 Live Takes (JSL, 2008)
 Indigo Moods (Jazzed Media, 2012)
 My Dance with Michael Abene (JSL, 2014)
 Lessons Learned (Unit, 2018)

As guest
With Joe Lovano
 Worlds (Evidence, 1989)
 Universal Language (Blue Note, 1992)
 Rush Hour (Blue Note, 1994)
 Celebrating Sinatra (Blue Note, 1996)
 Viva Caruso (Blue Note, 2002)

With others
 For This Gift, Michael Bocian (GunMar, 1983)
 Comin' and Goin' , Jim Pepper (Atlantic, 1985)
 Fourth World, James Emery (New Life, 2002)
 Reflections, Adam Kolker (Sunnyside, 2011)
 Listen to This, Judi Silvano and Bruce Arnold (Muse-Eek, 2016)
 Cloudwalking, Judi Silvano and Bruce Arnold (Muse-Eek, 2018)

References

External links
 Official site

1951 births
Living people
Jazz musicians from Philadelphia
American jazz musicians
American jazz singers
American women jazz singers
Blue Note Records artists
Zoho Music artists
21st-century American women

Judi Silvano


The 1998 Peach Bowl featured the Georgia Bulldogs and Virginia Cavaliers.

After a scoreless first quarter, Virginia scored first on a 2-yard Anthony Southern touchdown run, making the score 7–0. Aaron Brooks threw a 43-yard touchdown pass to Terrence Wilkins making the score 14–0. Brooks threw a 24-yard touchdown pass to Thomas Jones as Virginia took a 21–0 lead. An 11-yard touchdown pass by Quincy Carter made the halftime score 21–7.

In the third quarter, Carter threw a 14-yard touchdown pass to Champ Bailey, as Georgia cut the deficit to 21–14. Olandis Gary's 15-yard touchdown run tied the game at 21. Brooks threw a 67-yard touchdown pass to Terrence Wilkins, but Todd Braverman missed the extra point, giving Virginia a 27–21 lead at the end of three quarters. In the fourth quarter, Olandis Gary scored on a 2-yard run, giving Georgia a 28–27 lead. Quincy Carter later scored on a 1-yard touchdown run, giving the Bulldogs a 35–27 lead. In the fourth quarter, Brooks scored on a 30-yard scoring run, bringing the score to 35–33, but failed on the two-point conversion. After Virginia recovered the ensuing onside kick, Braverman's last second field goal attempt barely sailed wide right, giving Georgia the victory.

References

Peach Bowl
Peach Bowl
Georgia Bulldogs football bowl games
Virginia Cavaliers football bowl games
December 1998 sports events in the United States
Peach
1998 in Atlanta

1998 Peach Bowl (December)


Robert C. Wian (June 15, 1914 – March 31, 1992) was the founder of the Big Boy restaurant chain. The restaurant started as a 10-stool hamburger stand in Glendale, California, opening in 1936 with an investment of $300 raised from the sale of his car. Wian sold Bob's Big Boy and rights to the Big Boy chain to the Marriott Corp. in 1967 for $7 million ($ million in ).

Biography
Wian was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Robert E. Wian and his wife Cora. The Wians moved to Glendale in 1924 while the younger Wian was still a child.
Wian served as the mayor of the city of Glendale from October 1948 to April 1949 replacing a mayor who was removed by a recall election. He continued on the city council but resigned in August 1948, citing conflicts with Bob's Big Boy and "a desire to make an occasional fishing trip". Wian was also a member of the service organization 20-30 Club, serving as president of the local Glendale club, governor of the Southern California district, and as national trustee.

After selling Big Boy, Wian remained as a Marriott vice-president and president of the "Big Boy Restaurants of America" division for about a year, then sat on the Marriott board for an additional year before retiring. As a board member, Wian recommended Marriott approach his friend Roy Rogers about the use of his name to rebrand the corporation's RoBee's Roast Beef chain.

Wian married Frances Abbott in 1935, who bore his only natural son, Robert Paul "Bobby" Wian (1936–1973). Following his divorce from Abbott in 1956, he married June Ealey-Baehler in 1957, becoming step-father to her son, Chapman "Chappy" Baehler, and daughter Barbara Baehler. The couple also adopted a son, Casey, and daughter, Julie. His joy in Casey and Julie, and his time with them too limited by business, influenced his decision to sell Big Boy.

Wian retired in the 1970s and enjoyed outdoor activities on his 800-acre ranch in Valyermo, CA where he lived until relocating to Newport Beach in 1985.

Wian died in Newport Beach, California, in 1992.

References

1914 births
1992 deaths
Businesspeople from California
American restaurateurs
Big Boy Restaurants
Glendale High School (Glendale, California) alumni
Mayors of Glendale, California
20th-century American businesspeople
Deaths from cerebrovascular disease
Burials at Pacific View Memorial Park

Bob Wian