Carbuncle (Spanish: Carbunclo, Carbunco or Carbúnculo) is a legendary species of small animal in South American folklore, specifically in the mining folklore of northern Chile. The animal is said to contain riches of some sort; in some versions it is a precious stone that gives fortune and good luck to its owner. It may originate from the medieval guivre, which was said to have a carbuncle on its head.

The description of the animal vary. The chaplain and explorer Martín del Barco Centenera describes it in La Argentina (1602) as "a smallish animal, with a shining mirror on its head, like a glowing coal". As explained in the Book of Imaginary Beings Barco Centenera "underwent many hardships hunting the reaches of Paraguayan rivers and jungles for the elusive creature; he never found it." In the same book, the mirror in the carbuncle's head is said to be akin to two lights observed by Spanish explorers in the Strait of Magellan. Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés identified these lights with the gemstones hidden in the brains of dragons. The association is likely derived from the 7th-century Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville.

In Chile some say it moves like a firefly in the night. In Tarapacá, it is said to look like a bivalve with a strong white-blue shine from within the shell which can be observed from a great distance. This "bivalve" is said to have the form of a maize ear, with more than four feet. The "bivalve" Carbunclo is said to have a very good sense of hearing, which it uses to hide from people by closing its shell to be mistaken for a stone. The shining in the interior of the carbuncle is thought by some miners to come from the gold it has inside.

During the great drought of 1924–25 there were reported sightings of carbunclos on moonless nights. Around 1925 a family of carbunclos was seen descending from the mountain of Tulahuén towards Río Grande (Coquimbo Region). Also in northern Chile, a man named Gaspar Huerta is said to have encountered a carbunclo while digging an acequia, but reportedly he could not see what its shape was because he killed it on the spot to recover its riches.

Chilote mythology
In the Chilote mythology of southern Chile the carbunclo is said to be the "guardian of the metals". Descriptions of it vary, from a luminescent small dog, a luminescent bivalve, a cat with a luminescent chin, or a greenish-red fiery light reminiscent of fireflies. The carbunclo is said to manifest itself at night around the Southern Hemisphere winter solstice (late June). According to the myth, someone who sees the carbunclo may find treasures via the following careful steps: First, a lasso or similar objects is to be thrown towards the carbunclo as to trap it. The carbunclo will respond by vanishing along with the object. Then the treasure hunter who threw the object has to return to the site in the morning before dawn and search for the object, which will be completely buried except for a small part that sticks above the ground, often at the feet of a thorny calafate. It is there that the treasure hunter must dig for the treasure. The treasure has to be unearthed, however, in the coming night with a new shovel and in the company of an old widow holding a black cat. With each additional vara (distance of approximately one meter) dug in depth, the black cat has to be thrown into the hole. It will subsequently disappear, but will reappear in the hands of the widow just before the next vara is dug up. The cat is then thrown again and the whole procedure is repeated until the treasure is encountered. If the treasure hunter shows any sign of fear the treasure will turn into rock, and if the cat not is not thrown with each vara, the treasure hunter will die as a result of the noxious gases that the treasure releases.

Etymology and mineralogy

The English word carbuncle and the Spanish word carbunclo comes from the Latin carbunculus, meaning "little coal". Carbunclo is used to refer to ruby because this gemstone's shine is said to resemble the glow of hot coal. However, it is garnet and not ruby that is said to have been the mineralogical identity of the so-called "carbuncle of the ancients".

According to the Book of Imaginary Beings 16th-century Spanish conquistadors began to apply the name to a mysterious small animal they saw in South America.

Notes

References

Spanish-language South American legendary creatures
Mining in Chile
Mining spirits
Mythological felines
Mythological dogs
Mythological molluscs
Chilote legendary creatures
Gemstones in popular culture
Dragons
Chilean legends
Legendary treasures
Cat folklore

Carbuncle (legendary creature)


Sir Christopher John Bryant (born 11 January 1962) is a British politician and former Anglican priest who has served as Shadow Minister for Creative Industries and Digital since 2023. He previously served in government as Deputy Leader of the House of Commons from 2008 to 2009 and Under-Secretary of State for Europe and Asia from 2009 to 2010. A member of the Labour Party, he has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Rhondda since 2001.

Born in Cardiff, Bryant was privately educated at Cheltenham College before studying English at Mansfield College, Oxford. After graduating with a further degree in theology, he worked as a Church of England priest, as well as having roles at the BBC and Common Purpose. He was elected for Rhondda at the 2001 general election. Bryant served in the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Culture Secretary in 2015 and Shadow Leader of the House of Commons from 2015 to 2016, before resigning in protest at Jeremy Corbyn's leadership.

Early life
Chris Bryant was born in Cardiff, Wales, to a Scottish mother and a Welsh father. Bryant grew up in Cardiff (where his father worked for five years), Spain for five years in the 1960s (leading to his speaking fluent Spanish), and Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He was educated at Cheltenham College, an independent school for boys in Cheltenham, and at Mansfield College, Oxford, where he read English.

Although initially a member of the Conservative Party, and an elected office-holder in the Oxford University Conservative Association, he joined the Labour Party in 1986 after leaving Oxford.

Anglican ministry
After completing his first degree, Bryant began his training to be a priest in the Church of England at Ripon College Cuddesdon in Oxfordshire. There, he obtained a further degree in theology.

He was ordained deacon in 1986 and priest in 1987. He served as a curate at the Church of All Saints, High Wycombe from 1986 to 1989 and then as a Youth Chaplain in Peterborough, as well as travelling in Latin America.

In 1991, Bryant left the ordained ministry, after deciding that being gay and being a priest were incompatible. Statements made by Richard Harries, the then-Bishop of Oxford also influenced his decision.

Early political career
After leaving the priesthood in 1991, Bryant made a radical career move and began work as the election agent to the Holborn and St Pancras Constituency Labour Party, where he helped Frank Dobson hold his seat in the 1992 general election. From 1993, he was Local Government Officer for the Labour Party; he lived in Hackney and was elected to Hackney Borough Council in 1993, representing Leabridge ward and serving until 1998. He became Chairman of the Christian Socialist Movement. From 1994 to 1996, he was London manager of the charity Common Purpose.

In 1996, he became a full-time author, writing biographies of Stafford Cripps and Glenda Jackson. He was Labour candidate for Wycombe in the 1997 general election (where he lost by 2,370 votes), and Head of European Affairs for the BBC from 1998.

Parliamentary career
His selection for the very safe Labour seat of Rhondda in South Wales in 2000 surprised many people given Bryant's background – gay, a former Anglican cleric, and someone who had been a Conservative as a student. He says of his surprise selection, "I fell off the chair, and my opponents certainly did". Fifty-two people applied for the candidature and a local councillor was hot favourite to win. He retained the seat comfortably at the 2001 general election with a 16,047 majority, one of the largest in the country.

In 2003, Bryant voted for participation in the Iraq war.  He is a member of the Labour Friends of Israel and Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East group.

From 2004 until 2007, Bryant was chairman of the Labour Movement for Europe, succeeded by Mary Creagh MP. Bryant is a signatory of the Henry Jackson Society principles.

On 5 September 2006, with Siôn Simon, he coordinated a prominent letter which was signed by 15 Labour backbenchers calling for Tony Blair's immediate resignation.

Bryant was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs Charlie Falconer. In Gordon Brown's autumn 2008 reshuffle, Bryant was promoted from his role as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harriet Harman to the ministerial position of Deputy Leader of the House of Commons otherwise known as Parliamentary Secretary to the House of Commons. This was followed by another move in the June 2009 reshuffle, when he moved to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. On 13 October 2009, he was also appointed Minister for Europe.

Phone hacking scandal

On 11 March 2003, as part of an Enquiry into Privacy and Press Intrusion by the Commons Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport, he asked Rebekah Wade (now Brooks) whether she had ever paid police officers for information. Seated beside Andy Coulson, the editor of the News of the World, she said 'yes'.  Bryant had his phone hacked later that year by the News of the World, a fact which became known to the Metropolitan Police when they seized material from the private investigator Glenn Mulcaire. Bryant, along with John Prescott and Brian Paddick, sought judicial review of the Metropolitan Police in an attempt to force them to contact all the victims of phone hacking by the News of the World. The Metropolitan Police accepted their liability and he won damages of £30,000 from News International in 2012.

Bryant called for and led the parliamentary debates on referring the phone hacking scandal to the Standards and Privileges Committee on 9 September 2010, and the Emergency Debate on whether there should be a judge led enquiry on 6 July 2011 which led to the setting up of the Leveson Inquiry.

Expenses claims scandal

Bryant claimed over £92,000 in expenses over the five years leading up to the 2009 scandal over MPs' expenses. During that time he flipped his second-home expenses twice. He claimed mortgage interest expenses that started at £7,800 per year before rising (after flipping) to £12,000 per year. He also claimed £6,400 in stamp duty and other fees on his most recent purchase, and £6,000 per year in service charges.

In opposition
In October 2010, Bryant stood as one of 49 candidates for election to the 19 places in the Shadow Cabinet in the internal Labour Party poll, receiving 77 votes, 29th position on the list.

In October 2010, Bryant described the coalition government's housing benefit reforms as poorer people "being socially engineered and sociologically cleansed out of London". The use of the term "cleansing" was criticised by members of the coalition, including deputy prime minister Nick Clegg, who called Bryant's comment "offensive to people who had witnessed ethnic cleansing in other parts of the world".

In 2011, in the House of Commons, he criticised Prince Andrew, Duke of York for a number of alleged indiscretions.

Bryant won the Stonewall Politician of the Year Award in 2011 for his work to support equality for lesbian, gay and bisexual people. He was given a score of 100% in favour of lesbian, gay and bisexual equality by Stonewall. On 5 February 2013, he voted in favour in the House of Commons Second Reading vote on same-sex marriage in Britain.

Following the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, Bryant told the Commons 'I am afraid that the international response... has thus far been pitiful and spineless. People have even trotted out in this Chamber the argument that most of the people in Crimea are Russian speaking and wanted to join Russia in the first place. Can Members not hear history running through the decades?... There has been little honour in the way that Britain, France and the United States, having signed up to the Budapest memorandum, which guaranteed the territorial integrity of Ukraine, now make lots of great speeches but introduce the measliest level of sanctions and targeted interventions against Russian individuals... A Russian friend of mine says that Putin is not yet mad. That may be true, but what will our surrendering and our appeasement do for his sanity?'

In December 2014, Bryant was moved from Shadow Minister for Welfare Reform to Shadow Minister for the Arts. In this position, he suggested in January 2015 that too many successful artists such as "James Blunt and their ilk" had been educated at private schools, and that he wanted to see more encouragement for the arts for people from a variety of backgrounds, even though Bryant himself attended a private school. Blunt said that Bryant was a "narrow-minded 'classist gimp' who was motivated by the 'politics of jealousy'"; Bryant responded by claiming that Blunt should not be "so blooming precious" and that he was not "knocking [his] success" but attempting to draw attention to the lack of diversity in the arts.

In September 2015, following Jeremy Corbyn's election as Labour Party leader, Bryant was appointed Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. He resigned from this position on 26 June 2016, along with other shadow ministers after the Brexit vote. He supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election.

He supported Remain in the EU referendum in June 2016 and voted against the triggering of Article 50 in February 2017.

In January 2017, as ex-chair of the all-party parliamentary group for Russia, Bryant claimed that the Russian government orchestrated a homophobic campaign to remove him from this position, saying that the Russian government has acquired kompromat on high-profile Conservative Party MPs including Boris Johnson, Liam Fox, Alan Duncan and David Davis.

On 12 January 2017, Bryant bemused his fellow MPs and Speaker of the House John Bercow, when he wished Bercow happy "kiss a ginger day", during business questions.

Following the general election in 2017, Bryant came first in the ballot for Private Members Bills, and after consulting his constituents introduced the Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Bill, which introduced a new offence of assaulting an emergency worker. It received royal assent on 13 November 2018 as the Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018.

In November 2017, Bryant called for the arrest of the President of the United States, Donald Trump, if he travels to the United Kingdom, after the President shared a comment on the social media website Twitter from a member of the far-right group Britain First that related to radical Islamic events. Bryant stated: "The Prime Minister should make it absolutely clear that if Donald Trump comes to this country he'll be arrested for inciting religious hatred and therefore he'd be better off not coming at all."

Following John Bercow's resignation as Speaker of the House of Commons on 31 October 2019, Bryant stood in the election for a new speaker on 4 November 2019, losing to Lindsay Hoyle by 213 to 325.

In December 2020, Bryant became engaged in a row with the Commons speaker, Lindsay Hoyle. The disturbance started with Bryant heckling the Prime Minister while standing near to a door. The Speaker informed Bryant that social distancing rules meant he needed to move and he then instructed Bryant to sit in one of the seats intended for use by MPs. Some of those present thought that Bryant then uttered an offensive expletive back to the Speaker although Bryant denied this. Bryant then exited the chamber of the Commons while the Speaker called for him. Some moments after the Speaker had denounced Bryant's "disgraceful behaviour", Bryant returned to the chamber to engage in what appeared to be a heated discussion with the speaker. Hoyle said: "Mr Bryant, I think we need to have this conversation later" and Bryant left the chamber.

In May 2020, Bryant was elected as the Chair of the Commons Select Committee on Standards and Commons Select Committee of Privileges, . In October 2021, he chaired the Standards Committee's decision on the sanction to be applied to Owen Paterson for breaching lobbying rules relating to paid advocacy which triggered the parliamentary second jobs controversy. In April 2022, due to having already expressed views about the Partygate scandal, Bryant recused himself from the subsequent investigation by the Privileges Committee into whether Boris Johnson had committed contempt of parliament over statements to the House of Commons concerning alleged parties.

Bryant came tenth in the Private Members Bill ballot in the 2021-2 Session of Parliament and introduced the Acquired Brain Injury Bill on 10 November 2021, which would require the Government to produce, implement and review a national strategy for acquired brain injury.  He withdrew the Bill when the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Sajid Javid, announced that Bryant and Gillian Keegan, the minister for Care and Mental Health, would co-chair a cross-government programme board to draw up a national strategy in December 2021.  Keegan said: "All Government departments are invited to join the board. The strategy will be kept under review and revised periodically, to ensure it continues to reflect the priority areas and actions needed to support those living with ABI, and their families."

In December 2021, Bryant told the BBC in an interview that he felt "less physically safe as a gay man than he did 30 years ago." While denying that Boris Johnson himself was homophobic, he accused those around him of being happy to "stir the pot." As evidence, he cited the government's stance on transgender people and their attitude towards conversion therapy.

Bryant campaigned for the UK Government to introduce Magnitsky Sanctions on those who abuse human rights around the world and co-chairs the All Party Parliamentary Group on Magnitsky Sanctions with Sir Iain Duncan Smith MP and is a Member of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee. He is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.

In March 2022 Bryant misled Parliament when he claimed that Nigel Farage had been paid over £500,000 by the Russian state. In July 2023 he admitted that he wasn't telling the truth.

In the 2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle, he was appointed Shadow Minister for the Creative Industries and Digital.

Personal life
Bryant entered into a civil partnership with Jared Cranney on 27 March 2010. The ceremony was the first civil partnership ever held in the Houses of Parliament. They are now married. Bryant lives in Porth in the Rhondda.

He was ridiculed by the press in 2003 when he posted a picture of himself wearing only underpants on a gay dating site, Gaydar. Bryant later reflected upon the affair, saying, "It was a wound but it's a rather charming scar now. I had a period when I barely slept and it was horrible, but I'm very lucky in having a supportive set of friends – MP friends and others – and they looked after me." At the time, the media predicted that he would not survive, and there was much talk of his possible deselection. In 2013, he reflected on the incident, saying that the whole affair actually boosted his majority as an MP.

On 25 September 2006, The Guardian ran four spoof diary articles called "Chris Bryant's Manchester Diary". The newspaper later printed a clarification to confirm that these were parodies, and were not written by Bryant.

In March 2019, Bryant said that he had undergone surgery for skin cancer.

On 1 May 2022, Bryant stated that he had been groped and "touched up" by older male MPs early in his career in the House of Commons.

Honours
Bryant was knighted in the 2023 New Year Honours for political and public service.

Publications
 Code of Conduct: Why We Need to Fix Parliament by Chris Bryant, 2023, Bloomsbury Publishing,
 The Glamour Boys: The Secret Story of the Rebels who Fought for Britain to Defeat Hitler by Chris Bryant, 2020, Bloomsbury Publishing,
 Entitled: A Critical History of the British Aristocracy by Chris Bryant, 2017, Doubleday
 Parliament: The Biography: Reform (Vol. 2) by Chris Bryant, 2014, Doubleday,
 Parliament: The Biography: Ancestral Voices (Vol. 1) by Chris Bryant, 2014, Doubleday,
 Glenda Jackson: The Biography by Chris Bryant, 1999, HarperCollins,
 Stafford Cripps: The First Modern Chancellor by Chris Bryant, 1997, Hodder & Stoughton Ltd,
 Possible Dreams: Personal History of the British Christian Socialists by Chris Bryant, 1996, Hodder & Stoughton Religious,

References

External links
Chris Bryant MP official constituency website
Chris Bryant MP Welsh Labour Party profile

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1962 births
Living people
People educated at Cheltenham College
Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon
Alumni of Mansfield College, Oxford
20th-century Church of England clergy
20th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Anglican socialists
BBC executives
Councillors in the London Borough of Hackney
Gay politicians
Welsh Labour MPs
Labour Friends of Israel
Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East
LGBT Anglicans
LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Welsh LGBT politicians
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Welsh Christian socialists
Welsh people of Scottish descent
Conservative Party (UK) people
UK MPs 2019–present
Welsh gay men
Labour Party (UK) councillors
21st-century Welsh historians
Welsh biographers
Knights Bachelor
21st-century Welsh LGBT people
English Anglican priests
LGBT Anglican clergy

Chris Bryant


"The Last of the Clan McDuck" is a 1992 Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa. It is the first of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The story takes place from 1877 to 1880 when Scrooge is a child in Glasgow, Scotland. He comes in conflict with The Whiskervilles, earns his Number One Dime and heads for the United States on a cattle boat.

It is the first appearance of Scrooge's mother Downy O'Drake. Scrooge's Uncle Jake McDuck appears for the first time in this story even though he was mentioned in A Christmas for Shacktown.

The story was first published in the Danish Anders And & Co. #1992-33; the first American publication was in Uncle Scrooge #285, in April 1994.

Plot
As a child, Scrooge grows up in a poor family that has a rivalry with the Whiskervilles clan. When he gets his first job as a shoe shiner, his first customer presents him with extremely filthy work boots, but pays him with an American coin (a dime). Furious at being cheated, Scrooge makes a vow to always be "fair and square" in business and becomes much more cunning and gets more business. He later earns more money first by selling firewood and then by selling peat moss.

Family legend, meanwhile, states that the McDuck family was heir to a castle and large fortune. Quackly McDuck, one of their ancestors, determined to hide the treasure from thieves, sealed it away inside the castle (accidentally sealing himself away at the same time). The family was frightened away from the land by a "phantom hound" and, as a result, the treasure was lost while the castle fell to ruin.

While exploring the castle, Scrooge discovers that the hound only was a trick by the Whiskervilles, who wanted the McDuck family out of the way so that they could steal the hidden treasure. Encouraged by a strange keeper in the castle, Scrooge gets revenge for his family by filling a suit of armor with peat and setting it on fire, scaring the Whiskervilles into thinking it was a ghost. Inspired by the keeper, Scrooge decides to go to America to earn his fortune. After Scrooge leaves the castle, the keeper reveals himself as Quackly McDuck, the ghost of the ancestor who was sealed away in the wall. When asked by the ghosts of the other ancestors why he didn't simply just show Scrooge the location of the treasure, he explains that the boy must earn his fortune himself.

See also
 "The Last of the Clan McDuck" served as the title story to Fantagraphics Uncle Scrooge and Donald Duck: The Don Rosa Library Vol. 4

External links

"The Last of the Clan McDuck" on Duckman
The Life and Times of $crooge McDuck - Episode 1

Disney comics stories
Donald Duck comics by Don Rosa
Fiction set in 1877
Fiction set in 1878
Fiction set in 1879
Fiction set in 1880
1994 in comics
Comics set in the 1870s
Comics set in the 1880s
Comics set in Scotland
Comics set in castles
The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck

The Last of the Clan McDuck


San Gregorio Armeno ("St. Gregory the Armenian") is a church and a monastery in Naples, Italy. It is one of the most important Baroque complexes in Naples. The church is located on a street of the same name just south of Via dei Tribunali and a few blocks south of the church of San Paolo Maggiore, Naples

History
In the 8th century, the iconoclast decrees in Greece caused a number of religious orders to flee the Byzantine empire and seek refuge elsewhere. San Gregorio Armeno in Naples was built in the 16th century over the remains of a Roman temple dedicated to Ceres, by a group of nuns escaping from the Byzantine Empire with the relics of St. Gregory, bishop of Armenia. During the Norman domination the monastery was united to that of the Salvatore and San Pantaleone, assuming the Benedictine rule.

The construction of the church was begun in 1574, using designs by Giovanni Battista Cavagni, and consecrated five years later. A later consecration dates to 1674, and refurbishment to 1762. The façade has three arcades surmounted by four pilaster strips in Tuscan order. The interior has a single nave with five side arcades: the decoration, with the exception of the five chapels, was finished by Luca Giordano (also author of the Saints over the windows of the dome) in 1679. Bernardino Lama, likely the son of Giovanni Bernardo Lama, was author of the altarpiece. The interior houses also the famous Holy Staircase, used by the nuns during their penitences.

The cupola was painted with a Glory of San Gregorio by Luca Giordano. The ceiling cassettoni or framed canvases depict the Life of the St Gregorio Armeno and were commissioned by the abbess Beatrice Carafa from the Flemish Teodoro d'Errico. On the right, the altarpieces include an Annunciation of Mary by Pacecco De Rosa, a Virgin of the Rosary by  Nicola Malinconico, and frescoes by Francesco Di Maria. On the left, is a St. Benedict altarpiece by Spagnoletto. The main altar was designed by Dionisio Lazzari, and has an altarpiece depicting the Resurrection by Giovanni Bernardo Lama.

The Idria Chapel houses eighteen paintings by Paolo De Matteis, portraying the Life of Mary. Over the chapel's high altar is a medieval icon, in Byzantine style, of the Madonna dell'Idria.

The main attraction is the cloister (1580). In the centre is a marble fountain, decorated with dolphins and other marine creatures, with the statues of "Christ and the Samaritan Woman", by Matteo Bottiglieri.

Bibliography

References

External links

 San Gregorio Armeno Church in Naples, Aztag Daily, 2023

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1579
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1687
Gregorio Armeno
1579 establishments in Italy
Religious organizations established in the 1570s
Christian monasteries established in the 16th century
Baroque architecture in Naples
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
1687 establishments in Italy

San Gregorio Armeno


Somerset Village is a small, unincorporated village in the northwest area of Bermuda, located in Sandys Parish. It lies in the northern half of Somerset Island.

Like Flatts Village and Tucker's Town, the settlement has existed for centuries, though a lack of formal borders and municipal government means its foundation is undated, and when, precisely, the area came to be commonly thought of as a village is not clear.

The village centres on the southern shore of Mangrove Bay, and was once a useful, if minor port. Today, the area includes a bank, a police station, post office, ferry station (on the Great Sound, beside Watford Bridge), library, a number of shops, small hotels, pubs and restaurants, and a boat club. There is also a bus depot as the village is the terminus of a number of bus routes. There is a small beach at the west of the village, and another at nearby (Somerset) Long Bay (there are two other Long Bays in Bermuda) is within walking distance.

The village is conveniently near to the defunct Royal Naval Dockyard on Ireland Island (part of a former naval base that began on the opposite end of Watford Bridge), and is connected to the City of Hamilton, as well as the Dockyard, by regular ferries. The village is the site, each summer, of the Non-Mariners' Race, a humorous non-race by deliberately unseaworthy floats.

Sports
Somerset Cricket Club and its football team Somerset Trojans play at the Somerset Cricket Club Field.

Notable people
 Clyde Best MBE (born 1951 in Somerset) is a Bermudian former football player. He was one of the first black players in First Division football in England, scoring 47 goals as a striker for West Ham United.

Geography of Bermuda
Populated places in Bermuda
Ramsar sites in British Overseas Territories
Sandys Parish

Somerset Village, Bermuda


Helen Glacier is located east of the Continental Divide in the northern Wind River Range in the US state of Wyoming. The glacier is located in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest, and is among the largest grouping of glaciers in the American Rocky Mountains. Helen Glacier flows to the east from a cirque to the northeast of Mount Helen.

References

See also
 List of glaciers in the United States

Glaciers of Fremont County, Wyoming
Shoshone National Forest
Glaciers of Wyoming

Helen Glacier


Kieran James Read  (born 26 October 1985) is a New Zealand former rugby union player. He played as a number 8 and is a former captain of the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks.

Read played for New Zealand from 2008 to 2019. He is one of the most-capped players of all time, and the fourth-most-capped All Black in history, having played 127 tests, scoring 26 international tries. Read captained New Zealand 52 times.

He was the IRB Player of the Year in 2013 and a key member of New Zealand's 2011 and 2015 World Cup-winning teams, becoming one of only 21 players to have won multiple Rugby World Cups.

Read played for the  in the Super Rugby competition, and played for  and  in the Mitre 10 Cup, before spending his final season in Japan with Toyota Verblitz.

Early life
Read played his childhood rugby in the small town of Drury in the Counties Manukau region, just south of Auckland. He attended Opaheke Primary where his mother taught and Rosehill College, with a one-year interlude at Saint Kentigern College in 2000. Read excelled in all aspects of school life, but especially on the sports field. He gained excellent marks through to the end of seventh form. He was Head Boy of the 2000-student Rosehill College, as well as Sportsman of the Year and Sports All-rounder of the Year. Read was a talented cricketer, representing Northern District age-group teams and being selected for the New Zealand Under-17 tournament side in 2002.

Professional career

Provincial
Despite his age-group success as a cricket batsman, Read focused his efforts on rugby. One year after leaving school, he began his professional career in the Canterbury development squad. Read played his first National Provincial Championship game in 2006, his second year out of college.

Super Rugby
Read played for the Crusaders in the Super 14 in 2007 as a blindside flanker. He moved to number 8 during the 2008 season, culminating in the squad winning the Super Rugby title.

He first captained the side in 2011, standing in for an injured Richie McCaw. In 2012, Read led the team for their first 10 matches while McCaw was rested. In 2013, another extended rest for McCaw saw Read named captain, although he missed six consecutive games with a toe injury.

Read was captain of the Crusaders from 2014 to 2016, but disappointingly the team did not make the 2015 playoffs. Read was relieved of captaincy when new coach Scott Robertson took over for the 2017 season, with Read missing the first half of the season due to wrist surgery. Sam Whitelock succeeded Read as captain, with Matt Todd and Ryan Crotty as vice captains. Read only played in 7 matches for the Crusaders that year, including starting in the final which was a 25–17 win over the Lions. Read scored 6 tries for the Crusaders that year, including two doubles.

Read missed many Super Rugby games again in the 2018 Super Rugby season, struggling with injury. Read returned to professional rugby from injury following the Steinlager series against France. This saw Read start for the Crusaders in the 2018 Super Rugby Final on 4 August that year. Read produced a high-level performance in the game and helped his team beat the Lions once again in the final, with the Crusaders winning 37–18. This was the first time in 10 years that the Crusaders won a Super Rugby final at home and Read was the only remaining player from the 2008 Super 14 season's final left.

All Blacks

Early years

Read was first selected for the All Blacks for the end-of-season tour in 2008, making his debut in a 32–6 win against Scotland on 8 November. Read started at blindside flanker and played the full 80 minutes that match. Read came off the bench for another three fixtures on the tour.

In 2009 he was retained for the All Blacks' two-test series against France, starting in the first test which was lost by the All Blacks 22–27. Read started against France the following week at number 8, his preferred position and finished off the All Blacks' 14–10 win having played every minute of the series. Read started in tandem with Jerome Kaino as blindside flanker- this was a combination the All Blacks would continue to use for the better part of a decade. Read started another seven times in 2009 and became the All Blacks' first-choice number 8 that year, displacing the now retired 62-test veteran and former stand-in captain Rodney So'oialo from the starting team.

Read scored his first international try for the All Blacks on 12 June 2010 when the team beat Ireland 66–28. Read's opposite Jamie Heaslip was red-carded, while Read ran rampant on the Irish defence. Read carried a heavy workload that year and started in all 14 tests for the All Blacks in 2010, being one of only two players to do so, with captain Richie McCaw also playing in all 14 tests. Read was the second-to-highest try-scoring All Black in 2010 and, second only to fullback Mils Muliaina who scored 7 tries in 2010. Read scored another 5 tries in 2010, scoring tries in wins against South Africa, Australia and England. Read finished his 2010 season with world-class performances against Ireland and Wales, scoring the first double of his career in a 38–18 win over Ireland. Read was named New Zealand Rugby Player of the Year, being chosen over Richie McCaw who was named World Rugby's Player of the Year for the third time and second year running.

Read was named in the All Blacks' 30-man squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, which was hosted by New Zealand. He played in four of the team's seven matches – the pool game against Canada, the quarter-final against Argentina, the semi-final against Australia, and the final against France. The All Blacks became world champions for the second time by beating France 8–7 in the final.

2012–2015
Read had another big year for the All Blacks in 2012 and played 12 tests that year. On 17 November 2012, Read became the 66th All Blacks captain when he led the team for the first time, against Italy at Rome's Olympic Stadium in 2012, scoring a try to help the All Blacks win the match 42–10.

Following Richie McCaw's decision to take a sabbatical for the first half of 2013, Read was named captain of the All Blacks for the three-test series against France in McCaw's absence. On 15 June 2013, Read captained the team for the third time in his 50th test, which coincided with All Blacks' 500th test match, in the second game of the series between New Zealand and France at AMI Stadium.  The All Blacks won 30–0. Read captained the All Blacks another three times in the year, scoring two tries against South Africa in the first 20 minutes of the game, but missed out on the chance to score a third after being yellow-carded with six minutes to go.

Read won the 2013 IRB Player of the Year title after playing in 13 of the 14 All Black tests that year, becoming the third New Zealander to win the award after teammates Dan Carter and Richie McCaw. He also won the top national rugby player award. Read was not subbed off all year, only missing 20 minutes of the 13 tests he played due to yellow cards against South Africa and England.

Read missed the first two tests of 2014 due to concussion, with Jerome Kaino starting at number 8 in his absence. Read made his return to international rugby from injury on 21 June 2014 when the All Blacks beat England 36–13. Read only played for 40 minutes against England, with Liam Messam replacing him at half-time. Read scored two tries in 2014, assisting the All Blacks to get through Australia 51–20 on 23 August 2014 and finishing the 2014 All Blacks season, scoring the final try against Wales on 22 November 2014. Read captained the All Blacks for the eighth time in his career earlier that year on 1 November 2014, leading the team to a 74–6 win against the United States in Chicago.

On 17 June 2015, against Argentina at Christchurch, Kieran Read scored his 18th try and moved past former All Black Zinzan Brooke as the most prolific try-scoring New Zealand Number 8 at test level.

Read played in all seven All Blacks matches in the 2015 Rugby World Cup, which was held in England and ultimately won by New Zealand. He captained the side to a 47–9 win against Tonga during the Pool rounds of the competition when Richie McCaw was rested. Read started in all three knockout rounds of the World Cup, scoring his third try of the 2015 season and second of the competition when the All Blacks thrashed France 62–13 in the quarter-final. Read continued to play an important part in the 2015 World Cup, playing the full 80 minutes of the semi-final's narrow 20–18 win over South Africa and the All Blacks' historic 34–17 victory over Australia in the final on 31 October 2015. With vice-captain Conrad Smith replaced by Sonny Bill Williams at halftime and Richie McCaw replaced by Sam Cane with only a minute left, Read captained the All Blacks for the final few seconds of the final before earning his second World Cup victors' medal, becoming one of only 20 players to win multiple Rugby World Cups.

2016–2017
In 2016, Read was promoted to Captain of the All Blacks, succeeding the long-serving McCaw who announced his retirement at the end of the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Read carried a heavy workload in 2016, starting as captain in every test but one. Read was only subbed off once that year, being replaced with four minutes to go in the second test against Argentina by Highlanders flanker Elliot Dixon.

Read returned from a broken thumb to captain the All Blacks against the British & Irish Lions in 2017, making worldwide headlines with a performance that won him the Man of The Match award and included a bone-crushing tackle on Lions first-five and three-time World Rugby Player of the Year nominee Owen Farrell. Read was replaced by Scott Barrett with four minutes left of the first test, with the All Blacks winning 30–15. Read captained the team in his 100th test, becoming only the eighth All Black to do so, in the third test of the Lions series, on 8 July 2017, ending in a drawn series to the two sides after the third test was a 15–15 draw.

Read continued as captain of the All Blacks for the rest of 2017, scoring two tries in the second test against Argentina on 1 October 2017, bringing his career tally to 23 after being set up for his first try by Waisake Naholo and set up by newcomer Damian McKenzie for a second. Due to All Blacks Vice-Captain Ben Smith taking a sabbatical, Julian Savea being dropped at the end of the Lions series after poor performances internationally and in Super Rugby, as  well as Israel Dagg's season-ending knee injury, this meant Read had now extended his lead as the most prolific try-scorer of any player in New Zealand's 2017 Rugby Championship squad. Despite this, Read was surpassed as the highest try-scorer in the current team by 2016 and 2017 World Rugby Player of the Year, Beauden Barrett, later in the year when New Zealand beat Scotland 22–17 at Murrayfield. This was also Read's 100th start in the number 8 jersey and his last test for the 2017 season, due to his need for back surgery to relieve chronic pain in his leg. Crusaders captain Sam Whitelock captained the All Blacks for the year's final test, against Wales, in Read's absence.

2018
Read did not play in the All Blacks' three-test series against France during June 2018, having only recovered from injury in May. The All Blacks were captained by Sam Whitelock in Read's absence, with Ben Smith and Sam Cane as Vice-Captains. Highlanders loose forward, Luke Whitelock, stood in for Read at number 8 and cemented his place as Read's back-up during the series.

Read returned to Super Rugby following the end of the French tour, having made his debut for Counties Manukau the week after the series finished. Read made a full recovery from injury and started for the Crusaders in all three playoff matches of the 2018 Super Rugby season, including the final on 4 August 2018. Read played a big part in the Crusaders' victorious effort in the final and had returned to peak form in time. The Crusaders beat the Lions in the final for the second year in a row, winning 37–18.

Read returned to international rugby as All Black captain for the 2018 Rugby Championship, with Sam Whitelock stepping down from Captaincy. Read led the All Blacks to win the Bledisloe Cup for the 16th year in a row in the first two rounds of the competition, as well as a third-round victory against Los Pumas, which was won by 46–24. Read was replaced in the 58th minute of round three by Luke Whitelock.

The Rugby Championship's fourth round bought the biggest shock of Read's career, with the All Blacks losing to a resurgent South Africa, at home, on 15 September 2018. Read stayed composed until the end of the game, which could have been a late win but for Beauden Barrett's goal-kicking. Following the narrow 34–36 loss against South Africa, Read was rested for round five, with Ardie Savea starting at number 8, and Sam Whitelock captaining the team in his place.

Read returned from rest on 6 October for the Rugby Championship's last test, in the sixth round, which was against South Africa. Although South Africa threatened to win against the All Blacks for the second time in a row, following Read being penalised, Read lead the All Blacks to a narrow 32–30 victory, with his Crusaders team-mate Richie Mo'unga converting a late Ardie Savea try to win.

The 2018 end-of-season tour was a mixed tour for Read, who still hadn't fully recovered from injury. Read was praised for performances against Australia and England, but the All Blacks did lose to Ireland, 9–16, on 17 November 2018. Read was one of the poorer performing players on the field in the loss to Ireland, earning him criticism from the media. Although Read was criticised by the media for his performance against Ireland, he finished the year off Captaining the All Blacks to a 66–3 victory over Italy. Read equalled the record of former teammate Tony Woodcock, for the third-to-most capped All Black in history during the victory over Italy, and is set to overtake Woodcock in 2019.

2019

Before the 2020 Super Rugby season started, Read confirmed that he would not re-sign with the New Zealand Rugby Union, following the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan.

After missing a test against Argentina during the 2019 Rugby Championship, Read went on to Captain New Zealand in all four of the team's remaining warm-up tests before the World Cup, which included a draw against South Africa, retention of the Bledisloe Cup, as well as a 92–7 win over Tonga, in which Read scored his 26th and final career try.

On 28 August, All Blacks Head Coach, Steve Hansen named Read as captain, amongst 31 players in New Zealand's squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup.
 This was Read's third World Cup, also joined by Sam Whitelock and Sonny Bill Williams as one of three New Zealanders attending their third World Cup. After performing well in both pool stage tests he played in, Read lead New Zealand through to the quarter-finals, where they beat Ireland by 46–14.

Read was subsequently retained as Captain for the semi-final of the World Cup, against England. The test took place on 26 October, Read's 34th birthday. To Read's dismay, the All Blacks lost to England 7–19, meaning this was New Zealand's first Rugby World Cup loss since losing to France 20–18 in the 2007 Rugby World Cup quarter-final, before Read had even debuted for New Zealand. This also saw New Zealand lose their number-one ranking in World Rugby. "It's not what we came for", Read stated in response to the loss. Read would also later reveal he played in the semi-final despite a torn calf muscle.

New Zealand bounced back from losing to England, finishing the World Cup in third place, beating Wales by 40–17. Having previously signed to play for Toyota Verblitz in the Japanese Top League, prior to the World Cup, the Bronze Final was Read's last test for New Zealand. Read was one of five New Zealanders to retire from international rugby following the World Cup, with his Crusaders teammates, Ryan Crotty and Matt Todd, as well as Sonny Bill Williams and fellow former All Black Captain, Ben Smith retiring as well. Read finished his international career as the third-to-most capped All Black of all time, as well as the tenth overall. Read also finished having Captained the All Blacks the second-most ever, behind Richie McCaw. Read also led the prematch haka before the match.

List of international test tries

Updated: 5 December 2018
Source:

Honours

Super Rugby
 Super Rugby Centurion
 Super Rugby Champion – 2008, 2017, 2018, 2019

Individual
 New Zealand Rugby Player of the Year
 Winner: 2010, 2013
 World Rugby Player of the Year
 Winner: 2013
 Test Rugby Centurion
 All Black Captain: 2013 – 2019
 100 Test starts

In the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours, Read was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to rugby.

International

Rugby World Cup
Winners: 2011, 2015
Third Place: 2019
Tri Nations/The Rugby Championship
Winners: 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
Runners-up: 2015
Bledisloe Cup
Winners: 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
Dave Gallaher Trophy
Winners: 2009, 2013 (2x), 2016, 2017
Freedom Cup
Winners: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

Hillary Shield
Winners: 2013, 2014 (2x), 2018
British & Irish Lions series
Winners: 2017 (Drawn series – Shared title)
World Rugby Team of the Year (New Zealand)
Winners: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
Laureus Team of the Year (New Zealand)
Winners: 2016

Source:
Source:

References

External links

 Kieran Read at Crusaders

1985 births
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Crusaders (rugby union) players
Canterbury rugby union players
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union number eights
World Rugby Awards winners
People educated at Rosehill College
Rugby union players from Auckland
Living people
People from Papakura
Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players
2019 Rugby World Cup players

Kieran Read


Jones v University of Manchester [1993] ICR 474 is a leading discrimination case relevant for UK labour law, concerning the test for justification of indirect discrimination.

Facts
A 44-year-old woman claimed she was discriminated against on grounds of sex. She was turned down for a job limited to graduates aged 27 to 35. She got her degree as a mature student. The University argued that the limit was justified because careers advisers should be 'not too far removed in age from the students' and because they wanted to achieve a spread in age groups, which were 63, 62, 54, 47, 45 and 42 at the time.

Tribunal held the pool for comparison was men and women who got degrees when they were aged 25 or over. There were fewer women under age 35 that got degrees than men. Therefore Ms Jones won. It said that the university also lost on justification. The Employment Appeal Tribunal held (following Perera on the absolute bar approach) that the pool had been artificially restricted, and on justification it had 'effectively dismissed the matters relied upon by [the University] once it was demonstrated that they were not essential.'

Judgment
Ralph Gibson LJ held that the Tribunal was entitled to find the age requirement discriminatory so long as proof of disparate impact was shown. However, the correct pool for comparison was all male and female graduates with necessary experience. So the Employment Appeal Tribunal was upheld. Further, the Tribunal was right to construe 'justifiable' in Sex Discrimination Act 1975, section 1(1)(b)(ii), to mean an objective balance between the condition's discriminatory effect the employer's reasonable needs. But the Tribunal had gone about the balancing exercise wrongly. He said one must look both at the quantitative effect and the qualitative effect (how many are adversely affected and how bad is the effect is).

See also

UK labour law
EU labour law

Notes

References

United Kingdom labour case law
1993 in United Kingdom case law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
University of Manchester

Jones v University of Manchester


György Szabados (13 July 1939 – 10 June 2011) was a Hungarian jazz pianist, and is sometimes referred to as the "father" or "unofficial king" of the Hungarian free jazz movement since the 1960s.

Biography
Szabados was born in Budapest.  Even though he started performing in 1962, his rise to fame is generally considered to have started with his quintet winning the renowned San Sebastian Jazz Festival Grand Prize in the free jazz category in 1972. His first album that was recorded with a quartet in 1975 was entitled Wedding. Despite the abstraction of the music, the record was well received in Hungary and abroad, thereby setting the scene for his subsequent albums. International recognition is probably noted by including the album in The Essential Jazz Records compiled by Max Harrison, Eric Thacker and Stuart Nicholson (Volume 2: Modernism to Postmodernism). Even though he could not record again until 1983, he maintained his status by establishing the Kassák Workshop for Contemporary Music, in which a new generation of musicians acquired a free and intuitive manner of playing jazz, with a distinct Hungarian sound. Generally, his collaborators would make up the next generation of Hungarian jazz, including acclaimed saxophone player Mihály Dresch. Further international recognition followed in the 1980s, through his collaboration with Anthony Braxton on their duo record Szabraxtondos. In Hungary, he proceeded to form MAKUZ, or the Royal Hungarian Court Orchestra, which membership varied, but always consisted of at least nine musicians that were committed to free, improvised music. Subsequently, he still collaborated with Roscoe Mitchell on their 1998 record Jelenés (Revelation) and again with Braxton and Vladimir Tarasov this time for the live recording Triotone. He was awarded the Kossuth Prize, the most prestigious cultural award in Hungary, in 2011 by the President of Hungary. He died in Nagymaros on 10 June 2011.

Influences
Szabados' work and thinking is distinctly placed in Hungarian culture. Most importantly, a good deal of his music is influenced by Hungarian folk music,  mainly from Transylvania. Apart from direct folk associations, this influenced on Szabados' work was to a great extent mediated through the work of Hungarian composer Béla Bartók (1881–1945), who pioneered the reintegration of folk tradition in classical by his numerous field recordings. As he formulated it himself:

'Apart from the occasional moments, it is difficult to find traces of Bartók's music in our music. Hungarian music has such characteristic features that, when they appear, they are immediately linked to Bartók, whereas the real kinship is not with Bartók but, on a much deeper level, with Hungarian music, a world view, and a special taste'

Apart from folk influences in his work, Szabados always gave clear references to other key instances of Hungarian culture. His 1983 record Adyton, for instance, is partially a reference to Hungarian poet Endre Ady, whereas his 1989 album A szarvassá vált fiak (Sons that became deer) was inspired by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Choosing the word Adyton as a title for his record also shows the Szabados' philosophical thinking about his music. A documentary film about his work was issued by Duna TV.

Awards
1983: Ferenc Liszt Prize
1990: Artisjus
1995: Anna Neufeld
2001: His album Time Flies was voted Record of the Year in Hungary
2001: Szabó Gábor Life Achievement Award (Hungarian Jazz Federation)
2011: Kossuth Prize (awarded by the President of the Hungarian Republic)

Discography
1964 György Szabados: B-A-C-H élmények (Modern Jazz Anthology 64) Qualiton LPX 7279-80
1975 György Szabados: Az esküvő (The Wedding) Hungaroton-Pepita SLPX 17475
1980 György Szabados: Szabados Jazz
1983 György Szabados: Adyton Hungaroton-Krém SLPX 17724
1985 György Szabados/Anthony Braxton: Szabraxtondos Hungaroton-Krém SLPX 17909
1989 György Szabados: A szarvassá vált fiak (Sons that became deer) Hungaroton-Krém SLPX 37215
1991 György Szabados és a Makuz: Homoki Zene Adyton 005
1992 György Szabados: A szent főnixmadár dürrögései Adyton 004
1992 Szabados Trio Elfelejtett énekek	(Forgotten Songs) Fonó Records 	FA 12-01
1998 György Szabados/Roscoe Mitchell: Jelenés (Revelation) Fonó Records FA-038-2
1999 György Szabados: Az események titkos története (The Secret History of the Events) Fonó Records FA-068-2
2000 György Szabados: Az ido múlása (Time Flies) November Music 20022
2004 Miklós Mákó/ György Szabados: A szépség szíve (The Heart of Beauty) Fonó Records FA-213-2
2005 Anthony Braxton/Gyorgy Szabados/Vladimir Tarasov: Triotone Leo 416
2006 György Szabados és Új Dimenzió Műhely: Elégia 1956 Logos
2007 György Szabados Szextett: Baltás zsoltár Győrfree Műhely/Harmónia (orig. 1973)
2007 György Szabados és a Makuz: Készülődés a csatára Győrfree Műhely/Harmónia (orig. 1987)
2008 György Szabados: Boldogasszony földje (Harangok) (Bells: The Land of Boldogasszony) BMC Records BMC CD 130
2010 György Szabados/Joëlle Léandre: Live at Magyarkakanizsa BMC Records CD 183

References

1939 births
2011 deaths
Hungarian jazz pianists
Musicians from Budapest
20th-century pianists
People from Nagymaros

György Szabados


Testway is a  off-road cycle path in Hampshire, England.
The path follows the route of the disused Sprat and Winkle Line between Stonymarsh and Stockbridge and runs in between the River Test and the A3057 road.
The Testway is part of regional cycle route 65 which connects national cycle route 24 to Chilbolton.

There is parking at the southern end of the cycle path, however there is a  height restriction on the entrance to the car park.  There is also parking close by to the northern end of the cycle path off Cow Drove Hill.

External links
Hampshire county council pamphlet (pdf format)
Sustrans, website with maps of national cycle network

Cycleways in England
Rail trails in England
Transport in Hampshire
Tourist attractions in Hampshire

Testway


A sleeping porch is a deck or balcony, sometimes screened or otherwise enclosed with screened windows, and furnished for sleeping in warmer months. They can be on ground level or on a higher storey and on any side of a home.  A sleeping porch allows residents to sleep on a screened-in porch, avoiding warm convection currents from air and wall materials beneath or beside.  Before affordable electric fans and/or air conditioning were installed, families often created such rooms, well-aired, where children would sleep during summer. The idea gained popularity in the early 1900s and became common in much of the United States.

See also

Arizona room
Screened porch

References

Rooms
Porch

Sleeping porch


The descendants of Hafoka, the younger brother of Mataelehaʻamea, the Tuʻi Kanokupolu.

Most of the clans of this tribe are named after parts of a canoe, the Hifofua. For example: Fie-lakepa (want to be on the frontdeck (where the chiefs would lodge)), Tuʻi-vaka-nō (king of the rented boat), Lā-vaka (sail of the boat), Fohe (paddle), Maʻafu (steering course on the stars),…

Haʻa Havea lahi/en


Barfi! is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Anurag Basu, edited by Akiv Ali and produced by Ronnie Screwwala and Siddharth Roy Kapur under the banner of UTV Motion Pictures. The film stars Ranbir Kapoor as the eponymous lead with Priyanka Chopra and Ileana D'Cruz, while Saurabh Shukla, Ashish Vidyarthi, Jisshu Sengupta, Roopa Ganguly and Haradhan Bandopadhyay star in pivotal roles. Set in 1970s Darjeeling and Kolkata, the film is about Barfi (Kapoor), a deaf-mute young man based in Darjeeling, and his relationships with two lovely girls - Shruti (D'Cruz) and Jhilmil (Chopra) - who is autistic.

Plot
Murphy Johnson a.k.a. Barfi (Ranbir Kapoor) is an optimistic, street-wise, charming young man, who was born deaf and mute to a lower middle-class Nepali family in Darjeeling. His mother died while giving birth to him and his father Jungbahadur (Akash Khurana) raised him as a single parent, while working as a chauffeur. Barfi is known to be a troublemaker - he cuts lampposts, plays practical jokes on innocent people, and is often chased in a comical way by Inspector Sudhanshu Dutta (Saurabh Shukla), a local police officer. Barfi meets Shruti Ghosh (Ileana D'Cruz), a gorgeous, educated young girl, who is new in Darjeeling. She is engaged to a rich man named Ranjeet Sengupta (Jisshu Sengupta) and is due to get married in three months. Barfi is immediately smitten by her heavenly beauty and tries to woo her. Shruti also falls in love with Barfi, but her mother (Roopa Ganguly) dissuades her from pursuing him because he could not take care of her with his disabilities and lack of money. Shruti takes her mother's advice, gets married to Ranjeet, and leaves the town, breaking all contact with Barfi.

Shortly after Shruti's departure, Jungbahadur loses his job of a chauffeur and suffers from kidney failure, compelling Barfi to somehow raise the money for his treatment. After an unsuccessful attempt of robbing a local bank due to Inspector Dutta's intervention, Barfi contemplates the kidnapping of Jhilmil Chatterjee (Priyanka Chopra) - his autistic childhood friend and wealthy heiress of her late grandfather's fortune - for a ransom. Upon arriving, Barfi finds out that she has already been kidnapped from her house and sees her in an unattended van. He sneaks in and drives Jhilmil away from the ransom delivery. Barfi proceeds to hide her in his apartment with the police in pursuit, and delivers a ransom note - that is pasted with words in newspaper cut-outs - to Jhilmil's wealthy father Durjoy Chatterjee (Ashish Vidyarthi). Although Barfi is able to cleverly collect the ransom from Jhilmil's father, he is aghast to discover that Jungbahadur has died just as he makes the hospital payment. Dejected, Barfi tries to leave Jhilmil at her caretaker's village, but she refuses to leave him, and the two soon move to Kolkata, where Barfi assumes responsibility for Jhilmil and strives hard to take care of her.

Six years later, Barfi and Shruti reunite by fate in a street-side utensil shop. Shruti is unhappy with her marriage with Ranjeet and tries to rekindle her friendship with Barfi, much to chagrin of the lovestruck Jhilmil, who then goes missing in the city. Shruti files a missing person report for Jhilmil. Inspector Dutta and the other Darjeeling police learn about the report, resume their pursuit of Barfi, and succeed in arresting him after a yet another comical chase. As he is being interrogated, another ransom demand for Jhilmil is made, and she is apparently killed in the process of the exchange, though her body is never found. In order to conclude the case, the police decide to frame Barfi for Jhilmil's murder. Inspector Dutta, who grew fond of Barfi after chasing him for his nuisances, asks Shruti to take him away, offering him a second chance in life. Shruti agrees and hopes that since now Jhilmil is gone, she can finally be with Barfi.

However, Barfi deeply affected by Jhilmil's loss and finds living with Shruti unfulfilling. Eventually, he stumbles upon Jhilmil's special-care home address on the scribbles that she had made in their house. Barfi takes Shruti to the location to look for her and they learn that Jhilmil is alive all along, and that both the kidnappings were fabricated by her father so that he could embezzle money from Jhilmil's trust fund. In the second attempt, the second time, Jhilmil's father and the special-care home owner Daju (Haradhan Bandopadhyay) together faked her death, so that Jhilmil could return to her special-care home, away from her alcoholic mother (Preeti Mamgain). However, Daju has a change of mind upon seeing Barfi's true love for Jhilmil and lets her go with him. Barfi has a happy reunion with Jhilmil there and the two are married, while Shruti spends rest of her days alone, prosperous, having lost her chance to be with Barfi.

Several years later, an elderly Barfi is shown to be gravely ill at the hospital and is close to death. Jhilmil lies with him on the hospital bed, while Shruti narrates how they both died peacefully, not wanting to leave each other behind in life or death. The film ends with the happy days of Barfi and Jhilmil in their old age at the special-care home and the credits roll.

Cast
 Ranbir Kapoor as Murphy Johnson a.k.a. Barfi
 Priyanka Chopra as Jhilmil Chatterjee
 Ileana D'Cruz as Shruti Ghosh Sengupta
 Saurabh Shukla as Inspector Sudhanshu Dutta
 Ashish Vidyarthi as Durjoy Chatterjee (Jhilmil's father)
 Jisshu Sengupta as Ranjeet Sengupta (Shruti's fiancè turned husband)
 Roopa Ganguly as Mrs. Ghosh (Shruti's mother)
 Uday Tikekar as Mr. Ghosh (Shruti's father)
 Haradhan Bandopadhyay as Daju (Jhilmil's special-care home owner)
 Arun Bali as Nanaji (Jhilmil's maternal grandfather)
 Preeti Mamgain as Mrs. Chatterjee (Jhilmil's mother)
 Akash Khurana as Jungbahadur Johnson (Barfi's father)
 Kenneth Desai as Senior Inspector
 Rajeev Mishra as Inspector Dutta's assistant
 Bholaraj Sapkota as Bhola (Barfi's close friend)
 Sujata Sehgal as Ms. D'Souza (founder member of Jhilmil's special-care home)
 Nirmala Thappa as Malti Mausi (Jhilmil's caretaker)
 Sumona Chakraborty as Shruti's friend

Production
The movie was made on a budget of around . Barfi! was released worldwide on 14 September 2012. The movie was successful at the box office. The movie became one of the highest-earning Bollywood films of 2012 in India and abroad. The movie earned over  worldwide.

Awards
The movie was selected as the official entry of India for Best Foreign Language Film nomination for the 85th Academy Awards. Barfi won many awards and nominations at different award ceremonies all over India. At the 58th Filmfare Awards, the movie received thirteen nominations which includes Best Actress for Chopra, and Best Supporting Actress for D'Cruz. The movie won seven awards which includes Best Film, Best Actor for Kapoor, Best Female Debut for D'Cruz, and Best Music Director for Pritam.

Soundtrack

The music and background music of the movie is composed by Pritam Chakraborty. The lyrics were written by Swanand Kirkire, Ashish Pandit, Neelesh Misra and Sayeed Quadri. The soundtrack album contains six original songs which were released on 9 August 2012. The soundtrack was influenced by Brazilian music Bossa nova. Priyanka Chopra was supposed to sing a track for the movie, but her contract with Universal Music prevented her from taking the offer. The soundtrack album also includes a song titled "Fatafati" which was sung by Pritam Chakraborty, Arijit Singh and Nakash Aziz. It was not used in the film, but the song was released as a promotional single on YouTube on 10 September 2012. It was released with a video that contains some behind-the-scenes footage. The additional vocals were sung by Ranbir Kapoor. The song also has some Bengali lyrics which were written by Amitabh Bhattacharya.

References

Other websites

2010s Hindi-language movies
2012 romantic comedy movies
Movies about autism
2010s Indian movies
2012 comedy-drama movies

Barfi!


Bohemond VI (–1275), also known as the Fair, was the prince of Antioch and count of Tripoli from 1251 until his death. He ruled while Antioch was caught between the warring Mongol Empire and Mamluk Sultanate. He allied with the Mongols against the Muslim Mamluks and his Crusaders fought alongside the Mongols in their battles against the Mamluks. The Mamluks would achieve a historic victory against the Mongols and halt their advance westwards at the Battle of Ain Jalut. In 1268 Antioch was captured by the Mamluks under Baybars, and he was thenceforth a prince in exile. He was succeeded by his son, Bohemond VII.

Life

Bohemond VI was the son of Bohemond V of Antioch and Lucienne of Segni, great-niece of Pope Innocent III. When Bohemond V died in January 1252, 15-year-old Bohemond VI succeeded under the regency of his mother. However, Lucienne never left Tripoli, and instead handed over the government of the principality to her relatives.  This made her unpopular, so the young Bohemond VI, through the approval of King Louis IX of France, who was on Crusade at the time, gained permission from Pope Innocent IV to inherit the principality a few months early.  Young Bohemond then travelled to Acre where he was knighted by King Louis, and took power in Antioch.  Through the efforts of King Louis, a truce was also negotiated between Antioch and Cilician Armenia.  At Louis's suggestion, in 1254 the 17-year-old Bohemond married Sibylla, daughter of King Hetoum I of Armenia, which ended the power struggle between the two states that had been started by Bohemond IV, his grandfather.

War of Saint Sabas

Bohemond was also overlord of the Genoese Embriaco family. This involved him in a dispute between the Genoese and the Venetians, the War of St. Sabas, which started in 1256 and drew in many of the nobles in the Holy Land, wasted valuable resources and cost tens of thousands of lives.  The Embriaco lords of Gibelet (modern Byblos) were resolute opponents of the princes of Antioch. Bohemond tried to persuade the Genoese to support the Venetians, but the Embriaco family rebelled against him in 1258 and escalated the situation to a civil war which lasted off and on for decades. Bohemond was able to achieve some measure of peace by having the leader of the revolt, Bertrand Embriaco (a cousin of Guy I Embriaco), murdered by some serfs, but the bitterness continued.

Bertrand's son Bartholomew Embriaco became mayor of a Commune set up by the Embriaco family.  Bartholomew's brother William, along with his cousin the lord of Gibelet, were eventually defeated by Bohemond's son, Bohemond VII, and then completely driven out by the Muslims.

Mongols

Bohemond's reign also saw a major conflict between the Mamluks and the Mongols. The Mongol army had been approaching steadily from central Asia, with Cilician Armenia and Antioch directly in its path. The Mongols had a deserved reputation of ruthlessness – if settlements in their path did not surrender immediately, the inhabitants were slaughtered by the tens of thousands. The Christian country of Georgia had been conquered in 1236. Hetoum I of Armenia, Bohemond's father-in-law, prudently decided to subject to Mongol authority as well, sending his brother Sempad to the Mongol court in Karakorum in 1247 to negotiate the details. Hethoum later persuaded son-in-law Bohemond VI to do the same, and Antioch became a tributary of the Mongols in 1260. Both Hetoum and Bohemond then participated with their own forces during the 1260 Mongol conquests of Aleppo and Damascus. Historical accounts, quoting from the writings of the medieval historian Templar of Tyre, would often dramatically describe the three Christian rulers (Hetoum, Bohemond, and Kitbuqa) entering the city of Damascus together in triumph, though modern historians have questioned this story as apocryphal.<ref>Peter Jackson, "Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260," English Historical Review 376 (1980) 486</ref>

The Mongols rewarded Bohemond for his allegiance, and returned to him various areas that had been lost to the Muslims, such as Lattakieh, Darkush, Kafr Debbin, and Jabala. Bohemond was then able to re-occupy them, with the assistance of some Templars and Hospitallers.

In return for the lands, Bohemond had to install the Greek patriarch Euthymius at Antioch, in place of the Latin patriarch, since the Mongols were trying to strengthen ties with the Byzantine Empire.  This earned Bohemond the enmity of the Latins at Acre, and Bohemond was excommunicated by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Jacques Pantaléon. Pope Alexander IV put Bohemond's case on the agenda of his upcoming council (as well as the cases of Hetoum I of Armenia, and Daniel of Russia), but died in 1261, just months before the Council could be convened. For a new Pope, the choice fell to Pantaléon, who took the name Pope Urban IV, and after hearing Bohemond's explanation for his submission to the Mongols, suspended his excommunication sentence.

After taking Damascus, the Mongol Army had to cease their westward push, due to internal troubles in the Mongol Empire. The bulk of the Mongol army left Syria, with a smaller force left under Kitbuqa to occupy the territory.  This provided an opportunity for the Egyptian Mamluks.  The Mamluks advanced northward from Cairo to engage the Mongols, along the way negotiating an unusual pact of neutrality with the Franks of Acre that allowed the Egyptians to pass through Frankish territory unmolested.  The Mamluks were thereby able to defeat the Mongols at the historic Battle of Ain Jalut in September 1260.  With the Mongol army removed, the Mamluks then proceeded to conquer Syria and Iran, which had been previously ravaged by the Mongols.  The Mamluks, under their leader Baibars, also began to threaten Antioch.

In 1263, Bohemond and Hethoum tried various methods of regaining control of the situation. They kidnapped the Greek patriarch Euthymius, and carried him off to Armenia, replacing him with the Latin patriarch Opizzo. They also attempted to gain some financial leverage over the Mamluks. For example, Bohemond and Hethoum controlled the forests of southern Anatolia and Lebanon, the wood of which was needed by the Egyptian Mamluks to build ships. Hethoum attempted to use this as a bargaining chip to obtain a truce with the Mamluks.  However, the attempts at blockade merely further incited Baibars.

In 1264, Bohemond also sought assistance from the Mongols. He traveled to the court of Hulagu, trying to obtain as much support as possible from the Mongol rulers against the Mamluk progression. However, Hulagu was unhappy with Bohemond for replacing the Greek patriarch with a Latin one, as the Byzantine alliance was important to him, against the Turks in Anatolia.

Loss of Antioch

In 1266, Hetoum too set out for the Mongol court, pleading for assistance. But while he was gone, the Mamluk army attacked the Armenian army, which was being commanded by Hetoum's sons, at the Battle of Mari. The Mamluks were victorious. They killed one of Hetoum's sons, took the other prisoner, and laid waste to Cilician Armenia, reducing the capital to ruins. After destroying Cilicia, the Mamluk army then turned its attention towards Antioch. But the generals had taken their fill of loot from Armenia, and were not eager for another battle.  Bohemond was thereby able to bribe them to keep them from attacking.

Baibars was angry at his generals' weakness, and returned to the attack. In May 1267 he attacked Acre, and in 1268 he began the Siege of Antioch, taking the city while Bohemond was away in Tripoli. All of northern Syria was quickly lost, leaving Bohemond with no estates except Tripoli.

Siege of Tripoli

Baibars attacked again in 1271 by starting the Siege of Tripoli, sending a letter to Bohemond threatening him with total annihilation and taunting him for his alliance with the Mongols:

Bohemond begged for a truce, so as not to lose Tripoli as well. Baibars mocked him for lack of courage and asked him to pay all the expenses of the Mamluk campaign. Bohemond had enough pride left to refuse the offer, but in May Baibars offered him a truce anyway. By this time, the Mamluks had captured every inland castle of the Franks, but the Mamluks had heard reports about a new Crusade, this one from the prince who would later be Edward I of England. Edward had landed in Acre on May 9, 1271, where he was soon joined by Bohemond and his cousin King Hugh III of Cyprus.

Bohemond died in 1275, leaving a son and three daughters: Bohemond VII, nominal prince of Antioch (though Antioch had ceased to exist) and count of Tripoli; Isabelle, who died young; Lucia, later titular countess of Tripoli; and Marie (d. ca 1280), married to Nicolas de Saint-Omer (d. 1294).

The rancour of the Mamluks regarding Bohemond VI's alliance with the Mongols would remain until 1289 with the final Fall of Tripoli.

Notes

References
Citations

Bibliography
 Histoire des Croisades, René Grousset, Editions Perrin (Paris),
 History of the Crusades'', Vol. 3, Runciman, Steven, Cambridge University Press, 1954.

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1237 births
1275 deaths
13th-century Princes of Antioch
Bohemond III
Christians of Lord Edward's crusade
People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church
House of Poitiers

Bohemond VI of Antioch


Croker Hill stands just outside the western edge of the Peak District national park, overlooking Congleton in Cheshire. Near the summit stands the Sutton Common BT Tower, built during the 1960s.

Popular with hill walkers, Croker Hill offers fine views of the Cheshire Plain; on clear days, Manchester city centre and as far away as Snowdon can be seen.

Mountains and hills of the Peak District
Hills of Cheshire

Croker Hill


Gustav Siemon (20 June 1918 – 17 January 2011) was a German politician.   At a national level he was a member of the East German National legislature (Volkskammer).   Regionally, he led the National Democratic Party (NPDP) in Mecklenburg.

Between 1955 and 1961 Siemon was the chief editor of a national newspaper.

Life
Gustav Siemon was born into a working-class family in a small town near Kassel during the closing months of the war.   Between 1932 and 1935 he undertook an apprenticeship in the book trade, in which he subsequently worked.   On 1 October 1936 he signed up for military service as a Luftwaffe pilot.   War restarted in 1939 and Siemon served his country as a pilot, which for him included reconnaissance missions.   By December 1942 he had risen to the rank of Oberleutnant.   He was now shot down and started a new life as a Prisoner of war, captured by the Soviets.   During the next few years he was detained in camps at Krasnogorsk, Oranki, Yelabuga, Lunjovo and others.   During his time in detention Siemon joined the (Soviet sponsored) National Committee for a Free Germany (NKFD) in July 1943 and in September 1943 he was a founder member of the German Officers' League, effectively an organisation similar in its objectives to the NKFD (with which it would later be merged), but one targeted directly on members of the "officer classes" among the German prisoners of war held by the Soviets.

The war ended in May 1945.   Many German prisoners of war held by the victorious powers would not be released back to Germany for one or two years, but Gustav Siemon was back in what remained of Germany on 26 May 1945: this was barely three weeks after the arrival in Berlin of the thirty man Ulbricht team had launched the implementation phase in a nation building exercise that would lead to the creation, formally in October 1949, of the German Democratic Republic.   Siemon returned not to his home district but to Mecklenburg in the northern third of what was now designated as the Soviet occupation zone.   The Ulbricht Team had split into three sub-groups based respectively in Berlin, Dresden and Mecklenburg:  in Mecklenburg Siemon was now co-opted to work with Gustav Sobottka, who was the senior Ulbricht team member responsible in the northern part of the Soviet administered zone.   The end of the war had marked the end of the Nazi regime and with it, as it seemed, the end of one-party government in Germany.   In July 1945 Gustav Siemon became a member of the (no longer illegal) Communist Party (KPD).   Following the  contentious merger, in the Soviet controlled zone, of the KPD and SPD, this made him a member of the Socialist Unity Party (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) after April 1946.   He also joined the national Trade Union Federation and of the national Cultural Association (Kulturbund).  He was also appointed, in July 1945, a member of the Mecklenburg Regional Administration and tasked with forming a department for culture in the regional ministry for education.   In 1947 he joined the newly formed Society for the Study of Soviet Culture (Gesellschaft zum Studium der Kultur der Sowjetunion), renamed in 1949 and better remembered subsequently as the Society for German–Soviet Friendship.

In June 1948 he was a co-founder, in Mecklenburg, of a new political party, the National Democratic Party (NDPD / National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands).   It might have seemed strange that at a time when the Soviet occupation zone was in the process of reverting to one-party government, there should be space for a new political party, but it was explained that the NDPD would provide a political outlet for groups that had been attracted by the Nazi Party before 1945, such as military men and some of the middle classes.   The Hitler regime had achieved one-party dictatorship by banning all political parties except for one.   The Ulbricht regime would achieve one-party dictatorship by arranging for the ruling party to control the opposition parties.   The alternative left wing party had been neutered through incorporation into the newly merged SED (party), which would control the remaining opposition parties using an organisational structure called the National Front.   Existing opposition parties of the centre and moderate right, notably the Liberal Democrats (LDPD) and Christian Democrats (CDU) had their roots in the pre-1933 democratic constitution of Weimar period and during the later 1940s strongly resisted their reinvention as National Front controlled "Bloc parties".   Their new sister party, the NDPD, founded by Gustav Siemon and his comrades, had no historical democratic roots.   In terms of electoral credentials, the country's "Single list" voting system ensured that the ruling SED (party) won the electoral support from more than 99% of those voting in every general election between 1950 and 1986.   The opposition parties were nevertheless assured of their place in the system through the allocation of a pre-determined quota of seats in the National Legislature (Volkskammer).   Between June 1948 and 1952 Gustav Siemon was the Political Director and Deputy Chairman of the NDPD in Mecklenburg.   At the national level, between 1948 and 1989 he was a member of the NDPD Central Committee.   In 1948/49 he also sat for his new party as a member of the German People's Council (Volksrat), the precursor body for the new country's National Legislature (Volkskammer).

Siemon sat as an NDPD member of the Volkskammer from the foundation of East Germany (in 1949) till 1973/74.   Between 1954 and 1958 he was a member of its Election Verification Committee and from 1958 till 1963 a member of the Standing Committee on General Affairs.   From 1967 till 1973 he chaired the Volkskammer Credentials Committee and he was also, during this period, deputy leader of the NDPD group in the chamber.   From 1949 till 1958 he served as a member of the National Council of the East German National Front   In Mecklenburg he served as vice president of the city's Chamber of Industry and Commerce from 1948, becoming president in 1950/51.   During this period he also undertook a correspondence degree course with the Potsdam based "Walter Ulbricht" Academy for Statecraft and Law between 1951 and 1954, ending up with a degree in political sciences.   From 1952 he was also director of the NDPD's regional party academy at Grambow (Schwerin).

In 1955 Gustav Siemon succeeded Reinhold Hennig as the editor in chief of the Berlin-based National-Zeitung.   The National Zeitung, founded in 1948, was the NDPD official newspaper.   Despite that status, however, the NDPD had never had the opportunity to build a following across the country and circulation volumes were always modest.   The job went with membership of the main board of the national Union of Journalists.   Siemon relinquished the editorship in 1961.Between 1961 and 1963 he led the International Affairs Department of the NDPD Party Executive.   Various further high level jobs within the party nationally followed through the 1960s and early 1970s after which his focus switched to regional politics.   From 1982 till January 1984 he was chairman of the NDPD regional leadership in Cottbus.   On 10 January 1984 he became deputy chairman of the Cottbus regional executive of the Society for German–Soviet Friendship and a Cottbus local councillor.

Awards and honours
National Front Badge of honour
East German Order of Merit
1957: Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze
1958: Ernst Moritz Arndt Medal
1958: Party Medal of the NDPD
1965: Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
1978: Banner of Labor
1983: Patriotic Order of Merit in gold
1988: Patriotic Order of Merit gold clasp

References

1918 births
2011 deaths
People from Kassel (district)
Politicians from Hesse-Nassau
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians
National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany) politicians
Members of the Provisional Volkskammer
Members of the 1st Volkskammer
Members of the 2nd Volkskammer
Members of the 3rd Volkskammer
Members of the 4th Volkskammer
Members of the 5th Volkskammer
Members of the 6th Volkskammer
German newspaper editors
German World War II pilots
National Committee for a Free Germany members
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit (honor clasp)
Recipients of the Banner of Labor

Gustav Siemon


Ibrahim was a steam frigate built for the Egyptian Navy, and launched on November 30, 1868 at La Seyne.  The ship was fully rigged and had an iron hull.  At the time Egypt had also ordered several armored ironclads, the Nijmi Shevket class and the Lutfi Djelil class each of two ships.  Although intended for the Egyptian Navy, these ironclads were delivered to the Ottoman Navy in 1869. In this period Egypt was nominally a province of the Ottoman Empire but was run autonomously (with increasing influence of French and British interests culminating in a British takeover in 1882).  Egypt was apparently allowed to keep the large frigate Ibrahim, which with the smaller frigate Mehemet Ali and one corvette the Sakka formed the Egyptian steam navy until 1890, when the Ibrahim was scrapped and the other two ships had their machinery removed to become stationary guard ships at Alexandria and Port Said. Egypt also had a large iron yacht, the Mahroussa which survives in rebuilt form to the present day.

An alternate contemporary English spelling for the ship's name was Ibraichneih.

References

Bibliography

Frigates of the Egyptian Navy
Steam frigates
1868 ships
Ships built in France

Egyptian frigate Ibrahim


Buddy Steps Out is an American animated short film, released by Warner Bros. on July 20, 1935. It is a Looney Tunes cartoon, featuring Buddy, the second star of the series. It was supervised by Jack King, and musical direction was by Bernard Brown. Notably, Chuck Jones and Bob Clampett are credited animators for the short.

The film marks the final appearance of Cookie in an animated short. She was Buddy's girlfriend and main supporting character.

Summary
Cookie looks in a mirror, readying herself for the arrival of Buddy. She calls her canary out of its cage and together they sing "About a Quarter to Nine". The doorbell rings and Cookie returns her bird to its place. Buddy is at the door, dressed for the cold weather and snow. He doffs his hat, Cookie welcomes him in. With Buddy's assistance, Cookie puts on her coat, and the happy couple steps out. Just as soon as Buddy and Cookie have gone, the canary flies out of its cage and out of the open window, chirping merrily in the cold air until a mighty bluster blows it back.

The same cold wind blows into Cookie's home; by the window, on a dresser stands a framed picture of Buddy. Fantastically, the gust disturbs the figure in the photograph, prompting him to attempt to close the window. The Buddy-figure reaches the window by opening a nearby book as a bridge. But the photographic figure (hereinafter referred to simply as Buddy) can not close the window. As he holds the handle, Buddy is left to flail helplessly in the wind when another gust penetrates the house. "Help! Help!" he calls. Cookie's statue of Atlas comes to life, drops his globe, and comes to the rescue, taking Buddy down from the handle, closing the window, and placing Buddy back in his picture frame. Buddy thanks Atlas, picks up his hat (blown off by the wind), and returns to his proper position.

But the little canary is still outside! It pecks on the window until heard by Buddy, who awakens again to try the same technique he attempted before. The book as a bridge, he goes to the window, but instead now requires help in order to open it. He calls for Atlas, who, having changed his original position, again releases his globe and goes over to help Buddy. Atlas removes Buddy from the window and opens it. Buddy briefly steps out to fetch the freezing bird. Once inside again, Buddy dusts the snow from the poor creature's back whilst Atlas closes the window. By means of a series of pulleys on window blinds and a luminaire, Buddy hurries the canary to a small dish held aloft by a statuette, under which he places a cigarette lighter, whose heat melts the ice block around the bird's feet. Now sitting in a pool of water, the canary sneezes, splashing its rescuer, who then enjoins the bird to blow its nose. Feeling quite chipper again, the bird thanks Buddy by means of a kiss, then flits about the room, eventually turning on the radio.

And thus we have a reprise of "About a Quarter to Nine." Buddy dances, and everything comes to life: the joker in a deck of playing cards, the little girl on a can of "Gamble's soup," the pig depicted on a special ham in the icebox. An insect, rowing through the sink, ends the musical number by singing "Avalon". The insect gets sprayed by a soldier on the surface of a can of insect spray. The insect falls in the water and takes a box of suds with him, singing "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles." The alarm clock sees the real Buddy and Cookie walking towards the house, and rings to signal that every object ought to return to its place, including the picture of Buddy. Cookie unlocks the door and steps inside, bidding her sweetheart good night: Buddy kisses her hand and bids her the same. Remarking "Isn't he a dear?," Cookie takes the framed photograph and kisses it repeatedly, leaving the picture of Buddy to wink at us in conclusion.

That's All Folks!
At cartoon's end, Beans the Cat delivers the valedictory "That's all, folks!," whereas in most earlier shorts featuring Buddy, Buddy himself bade the audience good-bye. For more on this, see the relevant section of the article on Buddy's Bug Hunt.

References

External links

1935 films
1935 animated films
1930s American animated films
1930s animated short films
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Bernard B. Brown
Films scored by Norman Spencer (composer)
Films based on classical mythology
Films directed by Jack King
Buddy (Looney Tunes) films
Looney Tunes shorts

Buddy Steps Out


Echo Round His Bones is a science fiction novel  by American writer Thomas M. Disch.  It was originally serialized in New Worlds magazine in December 1966 and January 1967.  It was subsequently published in book form in 1967.

Plot summary
Captain Nathan Hansard is an officer of the United States Army in the near future, when a machine has been developed to transmit matter instantly. The United States has created a Mars base, Camp Jackson Mars, to which supplies and personnel are transmitted regularly. Captain Hansard, stationed at Camp Jackson Earth, is reassigned there and thus is transmitted.   Hansard, however, discovers an unknown side effect of the process. He is not on Mars but remains on Earth in a phantom state; unable to be perceived by anyone in the original world. He is able to walk through buildings and swim through solid ground.  He can only fully interact with other copies of people or items sent through the matter transmitter. Air and water are available near another transmitter that sends these to Mars, but he has no food. He is pursued by a group of soldiers in the same situation who have turned to cannibalism, waiting nearby to kill other newly created duplicates.

Hansard is saved when he finds a friendly group of two duplicates of the transmitter's elderly and wheelchair-using inventor, Panofsky, and three copies of Panofsky's wife, Bridgetta. She has adopted various roles named Jet, Bridget and Bridie. They explain that each time anyone is transmitted, a copy (or "echo") of that person is made. The original Panofsky is providing provisions to the group. He believes theoretically that this copying process is taking place and is sending the group food and drink on the pretext of testing the effect of transmission on foodstuffs. For a time, they are able to avoid the soldiers. Eventually, however, they are found and Hansard kills the leader of this group, at the expense of the death of one Panofsky duplicate and of one of the Bridgettas, whom Hansard was about to marry.

Meanwhile, the original world is faced with nuclear disaster. An order is sent to Mars with the original Hansard (Hansard 1) to launch nuclear weapons on to Earth on a certain date. Copies Hansard 2 and Panofsky 2 decide that this must be stopped at all costs, but they need to be able to communicate with someone in the original world.  This might possibly be done by a copy occupying the same space as the original and subtly affecting the original's mind during sleep. Hansard 2 transmits to Mars (creating a Hansard 3 echo who dies) and links up with Hansard 1 to communicate a plan to avoid the destruction of the Earth. Hansard 1 builds some transmitters and places them in specific spots on the Earth.  He then transmits the Earth to the other side of the sun to avoid the nuclear weapons. To atone for guilt about killing a child during the Vietnam War, Hansard 1 chooses not to be transmitted and dies, left behind in space. The Earth's echo, Earth 2, becomes solid for Hansard 2.

Earth 1 and Earth 2 are now safe, with Panofsky 2 making plans to retrieve the Moon, left behind when Earth 1 was transmitted. It is no longer orbiting the insubstantial Earth 2. Multiple weddings take place between the three Hansard and Bridgetta duplicates on Earth 2. They are transmitted to different destinations for their respective honeymoons, creating further, tertiary, duplicates. Panofsky wishes the latter, via a note, "Happy Honyemoon".

References

External links
 Echo Round His Bones at Fantastic Fiction

1967 American novels
1967 science fiction novels
Novels by Thomas M. Disch
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in New Worlds (magazine)
American science fiction novels

Echo Round His Bones


Star Wars: The High Republic: The Rising Storm is a novel written by Cavan Scott in the Star Wars: The High Republic multi-media franchise and a sequel to Light of the Jedi. Taking place approximately 200 years before the events of Star Wars: The Phantom Menace, The Rising Storm builds on previous High Republic novels and comics centering on the war between the Jedi Order and the Nihil. It was released by Del Rey on June 29, 2021.

A direct sequel, Star Wars: The Fallen Star, was released on January 4, 2022.

Plot
The story takes place one year after Light of the Jedi. Elzar Mann, still haunted by visions of death and carnage, is assigned to the Jedi outpost Valo to oversee the Republic Fair, a demonstration of unity between various planets orchestrated by Chancellor Lina Soh.

Bell Zettifar, now apprenticed to Indeera Stokes, mourns his previous master, Loden Greatstorm, who he believes to be dead, and represses his force instincts so that he cannot find out the truth. Marchion Ro ventures to the Rystan Badlands and frees an ancient creature called the Great Leveler, who he believes will bring about the Jedi's doom. Jedi Knight Stellan Gios travels with Soh to Valo to hold a broadcast by Rhil Dairo. Ty Yorrick, a monster hunter and former Jedi Padawan, is assigned to journey to Valo with a client who is carrying a mysterious weapon.

Elzar believes he has prevented his visions from coming to fruition after the Fair seems to go well and has a one-night stand with the Valon in charge of the Fair, Samera Ra-oon in order to repress his feelings of rejection from Avar Kriss. The Jedi discover and arrest Ty and her buyer after seeing them test out machinery that can shut down electronics, including a lightsaber blade. After the Fair's main event, a Nihil fleet arrives on Valo using the Paths and bombards the planet, killing many spectators and some Jedi.

Soh falls into a coma after falling prey to an orbital explosion, while Stellan and the other Jedi stationed on Valo fight off the intruders. Ty and Elzar form a Force dyad which allows them to tame dragon-like beasts and hamper the Nihil's efforts from the sky, though Elzar is forced to touch on the dark side of the force at one critical point in the battle. Dairo records the events and broadcasts it live to the galaxy. After fleeing Valo when forces from outside respond to Dairo's beacon, Tempest Runners Lourna Dee and Pan Eyta organize a revolt against Ro, but Lourna double-crosses Eyta and leaves him for dead.

Bell is unable to save the Innovator, a vessel that was the centerpiece of the Fair, but discovers that Loden is still alive. The Jedi deduce the location of the Nihil's main base on Grizal and arrive to ambush the marauders. Ro and the Nihil escape on the Gaze Electric, while Lourna is captured by the Jedi. The Leveler is released and petrifies Loden. Stellan touches Loden's cheek and Loden turns to dust; Stellan remarks that this was the first time he ever felt fear since he was a child.

Reception
Writing for the FanSided website Dork Side of the Force, Tom Farr lauded the novel for as "the best kind of Star Wars book [that is] emotional... [has] rising stakes... and deepens the Jedi mythology," calling it a "classic page-turner." JJ Goodman of That Hashtag Show praised the "action and heartbreak," taking note that it "truly makes this new era of Star Wars compelling" as a contrast to Light of the Jedi's "frenzied" storytelling.

, The Rising Storm sold 59,779 copies in hardcover format, roughly half the number that Light of the Jedi sold.

References

External links

2021 American novels
2021 science fiction novels
Star Wars novels

Star Wars: The Rising Storm


The forecheck is an ice hockey defensive coverage play made (primarily) in the offensive zone with the objective of applying pressure to the opposing team to regain control of the puck. It is a type of checking. Forechecking is generally executed in one of three situations: recovery of the puck after a dump in, after the rebound following a scoring attempt, or immediately after a turnover to regain possession. Forechecking can be aggressive or conservative depending on the coaching style  and on the skating skills of the players.

Aggressive forechecking strategies are more suited for players with good skating mobility, while more conservative plays such as the neutral zone trap are better suited for players with less agility.

Forecheck Strategies
Forechecking is an essential part of the game of ice hockey, and often involves one of several strategies.

Since forechecking is meant to be an aggressive style of defensive play, it is more common to be applied in a man-to-man fashion than in a zonal style of marking, although both do exist. Zonal forechecking will typically result in a more conservative forecheck.

2-1-2 Forecheck Strategy

On the forecheck, the 2-1-2 Strategy is more aggressive when compared to other styles. The forechecking team sends two players deep into the offensive zone in hopes of gaining possession of the puck, while a third forward lingers around the faceoff circle closest to the puck. This means that there are three defenders back on defense against just two players on offense.

1-2-2 Forecheck Strategy
This strategy works great when the game is tied and/or there is lots of time left on the clock. The lead forechecker applies pressure to the puck carrier (opponent), while the other two forwards serve as secondary forecheck options. These two forwards are positioned on the ice so as to break up passes, grab loose pucks, and assist along the side boards. The two defensemen are passively positioned along the blue line waiting for the puck to come to them. If their teammates recover the puck or if the forecheck fails, they will take a more active role.

2-3 Forecheck Strategy
A third common forecheck strategy is the 2-3 Strategy, which is similar to the 2-1-2 Strategy, where two players press high, but unlike the 2-1-2 version instead elects to use the third forward as what is effectively a third defenseman on the ice. Depending on the type of 2-3 system, the third forward acts either as an inner defender, allowing the defenseman on the puck side to pinch the boards, or as an outer defender, by themselves locking the weak side half boards. This tactics allows the two forechecking forwards to go really high and aggressive, though it demands a lot of the defensemen who have to be agile enough to adjust to the play.

See also
 Gegenpress
 Backcheck

Notes

References

Ice hockey strategy
Ice hockey terminology

Forecheck