Alan Donald Whicker  (2 August 1921 – 12 July 2013) was a British journalist and television presenter and broadcaster. His career spanned almost 60 years, during which time he presented the documentary television programme Whicker's World for over 30 years. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2005 for services to broadcasting.

Background

Whicker was born to British parents in Cairo, Egypt, in 1921. When he was three years old his father Charles became seriously ill and the family moved to Richmond in Surrey, where he and his mother remained after the death of his father. He attended Haberdashers' Aske's Boys School, where he excelled at cross-country running. During the Second World War he was commissioned as an officer in the Devonshire Regiment of the British Army. He then joined the British Army's Army Film and Photographic Unit in Italy in 1943, filming at Anzio and meeting such influential figures as Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. However, he did not think much of American commander Mark Clark, saying on Whicker's War (2004) of the general: 'He should have been put up against a wall and shot'. He was also responsible for taking into custody British traitor John Amery.

Elsewhere in Whicker's War he revealed that he was one of the first in the Allied forces to enter Milan and that he took into custody an SS general and staff who were guarding the SS's paymaster's payroll money used to pay the SS troops, along with large amounts of cash in various foreign currencies, all contained within a large trunk. Whicker later handed over the SS men and the trunk of cash to the commander of an advancing US armoured column. Whicker also shot footage of the body of Benito Mussolini.

Broadcasting career

After the Second World War, Whicker became a journalist and broadcaster, acting as a newspaper correspondent during the Korean War. After joining the BBC in 1957, he became an international reporter for their Tonight programme. In 1958, he started presenting Whicker's World, which began life as a segment on the Tonight programme before becoming a fully-fledged series itself in the 1960s. Whicker's World was filmed all over the globe and became a huge ratings success in the UK. Whicker continued to present the series up until the 1990s, and he won a BAFTA Award in 1964 for his presentation in the Factual category; he also won the Richard Dimbleby Award at the 1978 BAFTA ceremony. Whicker was instrumental in launching Yorkshire Television (which made Whicker's World for some years), producing television programmes for them from 1969 until 1992. At the beginning of the ITV series, Whicker made Papa Doc – The Black Sheep (1969) on Haiti and its dictator François "Papa Doc" Duvalier who made himself available to Whicker and his team.

Whicker appeared in various adverts for American Express, Barclaycard, and was also the man behind the advertising slogan "Hello World", for travelocity. He narrated the 2007 and 2008 BBC documentary series Comedy Map of Britain.

In the 2005 New Year Honours Whicker was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services to broadcasting. In 2009, then aged 88, Whicker returned to some of the locations and people who were originally featured in Whicker's World for the BBC series Alan Whicker's Journey of a Lifetime. In this, he met various people whom he had interviewed decades earlier to see how their lives had progressed or changed since the initial programme.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1983 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the Berkeley Hotel in Kensington, London.

Personal life

Whicker had a relationship with Olga Deterding from 1966 to 1969. He was with his partner, Valerie Kleeman (who was 25 years his junior), from 1969. He neither married nor had children.

Death

Whicker died on 12 July 2013 from bronchial pneumonia at his home in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, aged 91. BAFTA, who awarded Whicker the "Factual Personality Award" in 1965, tweeted: "So sad to hear the news about Alan Whicker, who has passed away at the age of 87." Broadcaster Michael Parkinson stated that Whicker was "a fine journalist and great storyteller", adding: "I can think of no other television reporter before or since who created such a wonderful catalogue of unforgettable programmes." Michael Palin said that Whicker was "a great character, a great traveller and an excellent reporter", while travel presenter Judith Chalmers said he was "an icon for the travel industry".

Most obituary writers said that Whicker was 87 at the time of his death, based on his entry in Who's Who giving a date of birth in 1925. The Financial Times pointed out that his age had been queried, with school records showing his birthdate in August 1921, making him 91 when he died.

In June 2015 it was announced that Whicker's estate would fund, through The Whickers, three annual awards totalling over £100,000 to be awarded to documentary makers, including funding and recognition prizes for audio documentaries.

Cultural impact

While presenting Whicker's World, Whicker was known for his subtle brand of satire and social commentary.  Whicker's World was parodied in a Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch featuring a tropical island, "Whicker Island", where all the inhabitants dress and act like Whicker. Benny Hill, towards the end of his BBC series in 1968, impersonated Whicker in a parody called "Knicker's World". He was parodied again in 1981 by the Evasions, a British funk group whose song, "Wikka Wrap", featured songwriter Graham de Wilde impersonating Whicker; the song was later sampled in American rapper Coolio's 1996 song "1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)". De Wilde also composed the theme tune for the 1980s BBC episodes of Whicker's World.

References
Explanatory notes

Citations

External links

 Alan Whicker

1921 births
2013 deaths
People from Trinity, Jersey
People educated at Haberdashers' Boys' School
Devonshire Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War II
English male journalists
English television presenters
English reporters and correspondents
BAFTA winners (people)
Deaths from pneumonia in the United Kingdom
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
British expatriates in Egypt

Alan Whicker


The Church of St Mary in Hawkesbury, South Gloucestershire, England was built in the 12th century. It is a Grade I listed building.

History

The church was built in the 12th century. The site was used for an earlier Saxon church, from which some of the stine was incorporated into the current building. A priest at Hawkesbury in the 11th century was Wulfstan.

Parts of the Early English style building from the 13th century remain but the majority was built in the Perpendicular style of the 14th and 15th centuries. The tower was added in the 15th century.

It underwent a Victorian restoration by W Wood Bethell between 1882 and 1885.

The parish is within the Badminton benefice which is part of the Diocese of Gloucester.

Architecture

The church is built of Cotswold stone. It consists of a four-bay nave with clerestory, chancel, south aisle and chapel and has both north and south porches. The six-stage west tower is supported by diagonal buttresses, and includes a bell dating from the 14th century.

Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1812 to 1827 has a memorial in the chancel, along with many members of the Jenkinson family who were the local lords of the manor.

The churchyard is surrounded by yews. There are 170 marked graves which include 87 chest tombs. The monument to Thomas Esbury (died 1766) made by Thomas Paty.

References

Grade I listed churches in Gloucestershire
Churches in South Gloucestershire District
13th-century church buildings in England

Church of St Mary, Hawkesbury


A personalized video game is a video game made for specific people, usually as a luxury gift. It can contain personal information of who the game is for. They are usually made for birthdays, anniversaries and engagement proposals.

History
A short time after the video game industry started, personalized video games were first given as luxury gifts. In a well-known example, Kevin Smith gave a game to Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez where Lopez must find and rescue Affleck from a kidnapping.

Amuse Me, one of the first professional services, was started by Abdel Bounane in 2011. Games were made manually and cost up to $67,000. Florent Deloison, one of Amuze Me's game artists, said "Amuse Me makes personalized games in one's image, like having your portrait made by a painter,".

TinglyGames, a developer based in the Netherlands, started Greeting Games in 2014. Users were able to customize and send casual games as e-cards themselves.

Amelus Digital, an Australian game studio, started HEART2GAME  in 2017. It manually makes games for multiple types of event. They only made games for romantic events until 2018.

Petr Hudecek started Bday Game in 2018. It manually makes pixel-art RPG games.

Freelance game developers offer cheap personalized video game services at places such as Fiverr.

References

Video games

Personalized video game


Akam () is one of two genres of Classical Tamil poetry that concerns with the subject of love, the other (puṟam) concerns the subject of war. It can also be translated as love and heroism. It is further subdivided into the five thinai. The type of love was divided into seven ranging from unrequited love to mismatched love.

History
Initially an oral tradition, 400 early Akam dating to the 1st century BCE to 2nd century CE were first compiled in the third century into an anthology known as Akananuru. Each poem was in aciriyam meter consisting of 13 to 31 lines. Some of the poems were contemporary for the time, and historians have suggested the poems were written as a means of preserving the tradition in the face of rising literacy among the elite, and the simultaneous decline of power among tribal leaders.

As power shifted away from Jain and Buddhist chieftains to Hindu ones, poems began to be contextualized and appropriated, including Akam poetry, which increasingly included the names of Hindu gods and even began to cast Buddhist and Jain saints negatively, or included commentaries that recontextualized their presence.

Themes

Natural world
Akam poetry typically explains the background of the lovers' story around three concepts: time and place (mudal), natural setting (karu) and their actions (uri). The poems often rely on these natural settings as metaphors for the lovers' actions, blending seasonal changes, the external natural features, and interior states. The concept of place and emotion were also connected, with poets drawing on a set of symbols from a specific regions' "gods, food, fauna, flora, music" and other local landmarks or symbols of the region. Murali has suggested that this is can be interpreted as an early poetic for the "ecosystem" concept.

The playmate
As poems concerning courtship, they often relied on an intermediary figure, "the playmate," to cultivate the relationship or serve as an early go-between amongst the woman and her suitor. Often a maid or servant of the love interest, the playmate's role grants her greater freedom of movement, which she uses to arrange trysts between lovers and to advance their relationship toward marriage.

See also
 Sangam Literature
 Sangam

References

Further reading

References

Tamil poetics
Sangam literature

Akam (poetry)


Kerið (; also Kerith or Kerid) is a volcanic crater lake located in the Grímsnes area in south Iceland, along the Golden Circle.  It is one of several crater lakes in the area, known as Iceland's Western Volcanic Zone, which includes the Reykjanes peninsula and the Langjökull Glacier, created as the land moved over a localized hotspot, but it is the one that has the most visually recognizable caldera still intact.  The caldera, like the other volcanic rock in the area, is composed of a red (rather than black) volcanic rock.  The caldera itself is approximately  deep,  wide, and  across. Kerið's caldera is one of the three most recognizable volcanic craters because at approximately 6,500 years old, it is only half the age of most of the surrounding volcanic features. The other two are Seyðishólar and Kerhóll.

While most of the crater is steep-walled with little vegetation, one wall is sloped more gently and blanketed with a deep moss, and can be descended fairly easily. The lake itself is fairly shallow (7–14 metres, depending on rainfall and other factors), but due to minerals from the soil, is an opaque and strikingly vivid aquamarine.

Land owners charge an entrance fee to see the crater of 450 ISK ().

Formation
Although volcanologists originally believed Kerið was formed by a huge volcanic explosion, as is the accepted norm with volcanic craters, more thorough studies of the Grímsnes region failed to find any evidence of such an explosion in Kerið. It is now believed that Kerið was a cone volcano which erupted and emptied its magma reserve. Once the magma was depleted, the weight of the cone collapsed into the empty magma chamber. The current pool of water at the bottom of the crater is at the same level as the water table and is not caused by rainfall.

Gallery

References

External links
Kerið Crater official site

Volcanoes of Iceland
Volcanic crater lakes
Dormant volcanoes
South Iceland Seismic Zone
Calderas of Iceland

Kerið


Hugh J. Silverman (August 17, 1945 – May 8, 2013) was an American philosopher and cultural theorist whose writing, lecturing, teaching, editing, and international conferencing participated in the development of a postmodern network. He was executive director of the International Association for Philosophy and Literature and professor of philosophy and comparative literary and cultural studies at Stony Brook University (New York, US), where he was also affiliated with the Department of Art and the Department of European Languages, Literatures, and Cultures. He was program director for the Stony Brook Advanced Graduate Certificate in Art and Philosophy. He was also co-founder and co-director of the annual International Philosophical Seminar since 1991 in South Tyrol, Italy.  From 1980 to 1986, he served as executive co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. His work draws upon deconstruction, hermeneutics, semiotics, phenomenology, aesthetics, art theory, film theory, and the archeology of knowledge.

Biography
Silverman was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  He received his doctorate from Stanford University (1973) with a Fulbright -French Government Scholarship to France (1971-71) and an FASCEA Scholarship in Paris (1968). After teaching at Stanford for a year, he joined the Stony Brook University Philosophy faculty in 1974 (with a joint title appointment in comparative literature).

He was awarded the inaugural Fulbright-Distinguished Chair in the Humanities at the University of Vienna (Austria) for 2000-01 and the Fulbright-Distinguished Chair in Art Theory and Cultural Studies at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts in 2009–10, as well as an Institute for Advanced Study Distinguished Fellowship at Michael J. Osborne Centre Institute for Advanced Study at La Trobe University (Melbourne, Australia) for June–July 2008. He was honored with the Helsinki Medal by the Rector of the University of Helsinki (Finland) in 1997 and was visiting senior fellow at the Institute for the Human Sciences (Vienna, Austria) in 1998. He received the State University of New York Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching and was awarded an American Council of Learned Societies (NEH) Fellowship in 1980–81.

From 1980, he held visiting professorships at the University of Warwick and the University of Leeds (UK), University of Milan, University of Torino and University of Rome-Tor Vergata (Italy), University of Vienna and University of Klagenfurt (Austria), University of Helsinki and University of Tampere (Finland), University of Sydney and University of Tasmania in Hobart (Australia), University of Trondheim (Norway), and University College, Cork (Ireland), University of Nice (Faculte des Lettres)(France).

Silverman died in Long Island, after suffering from cancer.

Intellectual links
Professor Silverman wrote and taught particularly in the areas of continental philosophy, aesthetics, postmodern ethics, and cultural / art / film / social theory. His work builds upon the writings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jacques Derrida, Mikel Dufrenne, Roland Barthes,  Michel Foucault, Jean-François Lyotard,  and is in dialogue with contemporary figures such as Julia Kristeva, Gianni Vattimo, Mario Perniola, and Carlo Sini.  His writings draw upon the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Paul Ricoeur.

Publications
Silverman published more than 25 books and over 100 articles and book chapters, and delivered over 400 invited lectures in North and South America, Europe, Scandinavia, Singapore, Estonia, Australia, Korea, and Taiwan.

His authored books include:
Textualities: Between Hermeneutics and Deconstruction (Routledge, 1994), translated into German by Erik M. Vogt as Textualitäten: Zwischen Hermeneutik und Dekonstruktion (Turia + Kant, 1997), into Italian by Paolo Cappelletti as Testualità tra ermeneutica e deconstruzione with an introduction to the Italian Reader (Spirali, 2003), and Korean (2009) under the title of Textualities: Between Philosophy and the Arts.
Inscriptions: After Phenomenology and Structuralism (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 2nd ed., Northwestern University Press, 1997 ).

His more than twenty-three edited and co-edited books in English, German, Spanish, and Korean include studies of Merleau-Ponty, Derrida, Sartre, Piaget, Žižek, hermeneutics, deconstruction, and postmodern theory.
He is also known for his published translations and editions of Merleau-Ponty's writings into English.

As Editor of the Routledge Continental Philosophy series, volumes are both edited and introduced by professor Silverman. Book titles include:
(1988/1997) Philosophy and Non-Philosophy since Merleau-Ponty
(1989) Derrida and Deconstruction
(1990) Postmodernism—Philosophy and the Arts
(1991) Gadamer and Hermeneutics
(1994) Questioning Foundations: Truth / Subjectivity / Culture
(1998) Cultural Semiosis: Tracing the Signifier
(2000) Philosophy and Desire
(2003) Lyotard: Philosophy, Politics, and the Sublime

His published articles include:
"Re-Reading Merleau-Ponty". Telos 29 (Fall 1976). New York: Telos Press.
"'Wenn ich Fremder bin, gibt es keine Fremden:' Reflexionen über postmoderne Fremde," trans. Daniel Weidner, Psychoanalyse und Philosophie, Mitteilung des Instituts für Wissenschaft und Kunst, 51. Jahrgang, no. 1 (1996), 10–16.
"Modernism and Postmodernism," Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Supplement).  New York: Macmillan, 1996.
"Postmodernismi Ja Elokuva: Roskaelokuvissa Econ ja Derridan kanssa,"  trans. Anita Seppä, Synteesi: Taiteidenvälisen Tutkimuksen Aikakauslehti [Finland]  (3, 1997), 89–97.
"La scrittura avanti lo scrivere,"  trans. Alessandro Carrera. Intersezioni: Rivista di storia delle idee (Anno XIX, Dec. 1999),  417–420.
 "Le posmodernisme comme modernite 'fin de siecle' (ou: Le posmodernisme aux fins de l' 'in-difference'),"  trans. Arnaud Villani, Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale  [Special Issue: Philosophie Americaine Contemporaine], (Octobre-Decembre: No. 4, 2001), 67–78.
"Living on (Borderlines): The Ethics of the Event of Lived Human Relations (Merleau-Ponty / Derrida)," Chiasmi International, 6 (2005), 273–284.
"Respons-abilities --- Between Three," Archivo di Filosofia - 2006, ed. Marco Olivetti (Accademia Editoriale, 2006), 479–89.
"Respons-abilities for Legacies: Jacques - on vous suit à travers vos textes," Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature. Special Issue: Following Derrida: Legacies, Vol. 40, no 2 (June 2007), 297–306.
"Tracing Responsibility: Levinas between Merleau-Ponty and Derrida," Journal of French Philosophy, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Spring 2007), 81–96.
"Rückkehr der Postmoderne: Die Macht der Gespenster," trans. Sabine Malicha and David Ender, Corpus, Thema #11: SPECTERS°.°GESPENSTER, (October 2008), 17 pp.

Book series editor
In addition to the Routledge Continental Philosophy Series, he was editor of the Continuum Philosophy, Aesthetics, and Cultural Theory [PACT] Series, Humanity Books Philosophy and Literary Theory series and co-editor of the Humanity Books Contemporary Studies in Philosophy and the Human Sciences; he was also editor of the Rowman & Littlefield - Lexington Books New Frameworks for Continental Philosophy series and the IAPL Lexington Books TEXTURES: Philosophy / Literature / Culture book series.

Earlier series edited by professor Silverman with a number of published books in each include Contemporary Studies in Philosophy and Literature (SUNY Press) and the Philosophy. Literature, Culture Series (Northwestern University Press). As series editor, he published more than 50 books.

See also
 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

References

"Arts Today" Interview with Hugh J. Silverman on "Postmodernism" (rebroadcast twice) Australian Broadcasting Corporation(ABC)[Australia], August 1998 (30 minute radio interview).
"Det Postmoderne Genfaerd" Interview with Hugh J. Silverman and Article by Louise Stigsgaard, Weekendavisen Bøger [Denmark], 15–21 January 1999, 11. (Full page weekly cultural newspaper report with photo).
"Sie philosophieren unterm Schlern: Neunte Auflage des internationalen philosophischen Seminars im Hotel 'Tianeshof'" Dolomiten [South Tyrol, Italy], 6 July 1999. (Newspaper article with photos of participants from the International Philosophical Seminar, co-directed by Hugh J. Silverman).
Hugh J. Silverman in James R. Watson, Portraits of American Continental Philosophers (Indiana University Press, 1999), 186-202
 "Fenomenologian ja dekonstruktion välissä – Hugh J. Silverman in haastattelu" Interview Article by Marika Tuohimaa, Köningsberg (Tampere, Finland),(2002),39-48.
Mario Perniola: Pensare il Between. Sul pensiero di Hugh J. Silverman. Agalma: rivista di studi culturali e di estetica, No. 13 (marzo 2007), 80–90.
"Hugh J. Silverman" (Interview and DVD by Kenneth Liberman), SPEP Interviews - Archives [2008]
(50 minute DVD available for purchase from the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy).

External links
Hugh J. Silverman
The International Association for Philosophy and Literature

1945 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Continental philosophers
Cultural academics
Stanford University alumni
Stony Brook University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Academic staff of the University of Klagenfurt
Academic staff of the University of Turin
Heidegger scholars

Hugh J. Silverman


Western State Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located at 9601 Steilacoom Boulevard SW in Lakewood, Washington. Administered by the Washington Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), it is a large facility with 806 beds, and Washington's second-oldest state-owned enterprise (after the University of Washington).

One of two state-owned adult psychiatric hospitals, the other being Eastern State Hospital in Medical Lake, the hospital currently treats patients using psychiatric medications, mental health counseling, group therapy, drug, psychiatric rehabilitation, and behavior modification therapies. The hospital is divided into 4 specific acute treatment areas: PTRC Central and South for the treatment of civil and voluntarily committed adult patients, PTRC East for the treatment of older and geriatric patients, both civil and voluntary, the Center for Forensic Services that provides court-ordered evaluations and treatment for patients with legal charges or convictions, and the Child Study and Treatment Center, which provides treatment for children under the age of 18 years.

History
The facility was established in Washington Territory as Fort Steilacoom Asylum in 1871, predating statehood by almost 20 years, in former buildings of Fort Steilacoom, which was a U.S. Army post from 1849 to 1868. In 1875, the territorial government took control due to complaints about patient neglect, brutal abuse and poor living conditions.

The original buildings of the asylum were demolished in 1886 to make way for a larger structure. It was renamed Western Washington Hospital for the Insane and the main ward was completed in 1887. In each of the following decades numerous out-buildings were constructed. In 1915, it was renamed Western State Hospital and grew in various stages. One of its better known patients was Frances Farmer.

Recent controversies
Following news reports concerning serious understaffing at the hospital and several involuntarily committed patients escaping, including a person accused of murder, on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, governor Jay Inslee fired Western State Hospital's Chief Executive Officer, Ron Adler.

The escape follows years of other problems including workplace discrimination, sexual harassment lawsuits, and excessively long patient admission times.

Notable patients
Frances Farmer, actress
Isaac Zamora, perpetrator of the 2008 Skagit County shootings

References

External links

Official Website at DSHS
Western State Hospital Memorial Cemetery at Find A Grave

Psychiatric hospitals in Washington (state)
Hospitals established in 1871
Hospital buildings completed in 1887
Buildings and structures in Pierce County, Washington
History of Pierce County, Washington
Lakewood, Washington
1871 establishments in Washington Territory

Western State Hospital (Washington)


Eskender Mustafaiev (Ukrainian: Ескендер Аметович Мустафаєв; born July 17, 1981) is a swimmer from Aqyar/Sevastopil. Ukraine.  He won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 50 metre freestyle S4 race.

Swimming

Mustafaiev was a member of the swimming team from Ukraine at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany. He competed in the Men's 50m Freestyle S4.

When he was 31-years-old, Mustafaiev won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 50 metre freestyle S4 with a time of 38.26 seconds.  He also competed in the 100m freestyle, 50m backstroke and 200m freestyle races in London.  He was one of three people from the Ukraine who was from Crimea who competed in London. The other two sportspeople were swimmer Dmytro Kryzhanivskyi and shooter Olha Mustafaieva. He finished last in the 50m backstroke final. After the 2012 Games, they gave him the Order of Merit for his sport work.

At the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal, Mustafaiev won a gold in the men's 50 freestyle S4 with a time of 37.96 seconds. He won a silver medal in the men's 100 freestyle S4.  He lost the race to Slovenia's Darko Duric, who defeated him by a third of a second.

Mustafaiev did not compete at the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships and did not defend his world championship title.

In October 2014, Mustafaiev, two other Crimean Paralympic and Deaflympic swimmers and a Crimean Paralympic or Deaflympic coach lost their Ukrainian sports scholarship.  This was decided after reports they moved to Russia.

References

1981 births
Ukrainian paralympic gold medalists
Ukrainian swimmers
Living people

Eskender Mustafaiev


On 23 August 1328, the Battle of Cassel took place near the city of Cassel, 30 km south of Dunkirk in present-day France. Philip VI (King of France from 1328 to 1350) fought Nicolaas Zannekin, a wealthy farmer from Lampernisse. Zannekin was the leader of a band of Flemish rebels. The fighting erupted over taxation and punitive edicts of the French over the Flemish. The battle was won decisively by the French. Zannekin and about 3,200 Flemish rebels were killed in the battle.

Beginnings
The Count of Flanders, Louis I, was collecting taxes for Charles IV of France. Residents of the bailiwicks of Veurne, Bergues, Bailleul, Cassel, Poperinge and Bourbourg united and refused to pay. The Count threatened reprisals and the people rioted, under the leadership of Nicolaas Zannekin. In 1325, Zannekin captured Nieuwpoort, Veurne and Ypres. He also captured Kortrijk and the Count of Flanders himself. Later attempts to capture Gent and Oudenaarde failed. In February 1326, Charles IV intervened and Louis I was released and the "Peace of Arques" was agreed.

Role of the Church
On 6 April 1327, at the request of Charles IV, Pope John XXII of Avignon renewed an interdict which denied those in Flanders, other than the aristocracy and the clergy the sacraments of the church and a sacred burial. The Pope was seen as a puppet of the King. The Flemish clergy disagreed about whether or not to apply the rule. Some clergymen (who feared they would be killed by opponents of French rule) laid the papal regulation aside. Jean Laing, Dean of St. Winoksbergen, asked the clergy of his diocese to apply the regulation. Jacob Peyt, a leader of the Flemish rebels in Hondschote, tried to capture Laing and pressure the clergy to ignore the edict. The rebels' actions had some success.

Influence of the French and English royalty
Louis I feared the Flemish and Edward III would form a coalition against him. He asked Charles IV of France to intervene. Louis I departed from Ghent, (the last French stronghold in Flanders) to Paris to plead his case. On 24 January 1328 Edward III married Philippa of Hainault (1314–1369). Phillipa was the daughter of William I, Count of Hainaut of Avesnes and Holland, who was an ally of Charles IV.

On 1 February, Charles IV died unexpectedly. Edward III claimed the throne of France but the aristocracy favoured Philip, the son of Charles of Valois who ascended the throne as Phillip VI. The Pope urged Phillip to 'sort out' the Flemish rebels. The King re-established the rights of the Flemish aristocracy but violence erupted and some were overrun and slain by the Flemish rebels. Louis I, Count of Nevers, fled to seek help from Phillip VI.

Willem de Deken, Mayor of Bruges, an ally of the Flemish rebels, hoped the marriage of Phillipa and Edward III would assuage the English King in his dealings with Flanders. In June, de Deken travelled to England seeking support for the Flemish movement. Even though Edward III was troubled with a Scottish rebellion at the time and still held a desire to claim the French throne he was reconciled with Phillip VI and did not lend his support.

Situation in the Flemish lands prior 1328
Louis I gained the upper hand against the Flemish rebels when the Bishop of Paris signed a document to the effect that anyone causing unrest would be beaten and their property confiscated with half the proceeds going to the Treasury of France. Nevertheless, the unrest continued. For example, in 1322, Louis I had forbidden cloth production outside Ypres. The town of Poperinge ignored the monopoly and the Ypres Militia formed. Again, on 8 August 1328, in Bruges, rebels were led in uprising by Jan Breydel.

Prelude

In 1328, the Count of Flanders requested assistance from his new lord Philip VI at the latter's coronation ceremony in June.  Philip saw restoring the social order in Flanders as an opportunity to strengthen his legitimacy. He wanted to march immediately against the Flemish; a French army was assembled in Arras in July. Ghent then attacked Bruges, immobilising a large part of the insurrection forces to defend the city. Counting on forcing the enemy to fight him on an open field and on terrain favourable to his cavalry, the king entrusted the marshals with the organisation of a chevauchée. The French subsequently ravaged and pillaged western Flanders as far as the gates of Bruges. Meanwhile, the bulk of the army marched on Cassel.

Battle
The engagement took place there on 23 August. The insurgents were entrenched on Mount Cassel. From there they saw their villages burning and the French army deploying.  The battle of the French king consisted of 29 banners and that of the Count of Artois, 22. The memory of the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302, where the Flemish pikemen decimated the French chevalerie, was still fresh. Philip VI was careful not to let his cavalry assault the enemy without thinking. Nicolaas Zannekin was the leader of the insurgents. He sent messengers to the French in order to set the day of the battle but they were received with contempt. Without consideration for their low-born adversaries, the king's knights got rid of their armors and the French troops went to relax in their camp. The insurgents, learning of the disdain displayed by the French were infuriated. They decided to attack them immediately. The French infantry, which was caught by surprise, was overwhelmed and owed its salvation to flight.  The infantrymen were found roughly grouped together the next day at Saint-Omer.

Meanwhile, the alert was given. The king, in a blue dress embroidered with golden fleurs-de-lis and wearing only a leather hat, regrouped his knights and launched a counterattack, which he led himself. The knights had lost the habit of seeing the king expose himself this way since King Louis IX. The French counter-attack forced the insurgents to form a circle, elbow to elbow, which prevented them from retreating. The tide of the battle had turned and heavy losses were inflicted on the Flemish.

Aftermath
The Flemings lost 3,185 men killed, while the French lost 17 knights. Contemporary chroniclers counted Flemish casualties as 9,000–22,000. An inventory drawn up by royal French agents lists 3,185 Flemings killed at the battle, of whom 2,294 owned property worthy of confiscation, while 891 owned nothing.

The French army burned down Cassel. Ypres and Bruges surrendered.  King Philip designated John III of Bailleul as governor of the city of Ypres. Louis of Nevers regained control of the County of Flanders.
The properties of the Flemish combatants, those who died and those who survived alike, were confiscated by envoys of the King. A third of the confiscated lands were to be given to the Count of Flanders and Robert of Cassel.

References

Bibliography
Juliaan Van Belle, Een andere Leeuw van Vlaanderen, 1985
Leo Camerlynck and Edward De Maesschalck, In de sporen van 1302 Kortrijk Rijsel Dowaai, 2002

1328 in Europe
1320s in France
Cassel 1328
Cassel 1328
Cassel 1328
History of Nord (French department)
14th century in the county of Flanders
Conflicts in 1328
Cassel 1328

Battle of Cassel (1328)


The TurboDuo is a fourth-generation video game console developed by NEC Home Electronics and Hudson Soft for the North American market. The TurboDuo was test-marketed in Los Angeles in October 1992, before a nationwide rollout in May 1993. It is the North American version of the Japanese PC Engine Duo game console which was released in September 1991.

In the United States, the TurboDuo was marketed by Turbo Technologies, Inc. (or TTI) of Los Angeles, a joint venture of NEC Home Electronics and Hudson Soft. It was established to market NEC consoles in North America after NEC Home Electronics USA failed to effectively market the platform.

The TurboDuo integrates the capabilities of the TurboGrafx-16 and its CD-ROM drive (the TurboGrafx-CD) into a single, redesigned unit with an updated BIOS and 192 KB of additional RAM. TTI also offered the Super System Card via mail order, which provided the original TurboGrafx-CD with the 192 KB RAM upgrade.

The RAM increase and BIOS update afford the TurboDuo and PC Engine Duo compatibility with all CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM² titles (Japanese and North American). Like the TurboGrafx-CD, the TurboDuo can read Compact Disc Digital Audio and CD+G discs. The TurboDuo, however, cannot read PC Engine HuCards without modification or an adapter. With a HuCard adapter and an Arcade Card Duo, the TurboDuo can also read Arcade CD-ROM² games (which were sold only in Japan).

Marketing

Japan

When the PC Engine Duo launched in Japan on September 21, 1991, it retailed for ¥59,800. The product garnered a Good Design Award.

NEC later revised the design of the console to reduce both manufacturing costs and the sale price. This new version, the , went to market on March 25, 1993 with a retail price of ¥39,800. The Duo R omits the 3.5 mm phone connector for headphones, and the locking switch for the lid of the Duo's top-loading CD-ROM drive. The Duo R has an differently shaped, off-white casing.

NEC released its final variation of the PC Engine Duo on June 25, 1994. The  has a bluer case, and was bundled with the Arcade Pad 6, a six-button controller, instead of the standard Turbo Pad controller.

North America
TTI released the TurboDuo to consumers in North America in October 1992, at a retail price of US$299.99. The price was, in part, a consequence of the relatively high cost of CD-ROM drive manufacturing.

Since TTI understood that the price was too high for many people in their target market, they included a booklet of coupons for TurboDuo games and accessories, plus several pack-in games on two CD-ROMs: Ys Book I & II (1990) and a Super CD compilation of four of Hudson Soft's more popular TurboGrafx-16 titles: Bonk's Adventure (1989), Bonk's Revenge (1991), Gate of Thunder (1992), and Bomberman (1983). (Bomberman was hidden in an Easter egg.) The package also included one TurboChip game: Dungeon Explorer (Hudson Soft 1989). Later, TTI replaced Dungeon Explorer with one of a variety of TurboChip titles, such as Ninja Spirit (Irem 1988) and Final Lap Twin (Namco 1989).

With the release of the TurboDuo, TTI reduced the retail price of the TurboGrafx-CD peripheral for the TurboGrafx-16 to $150.00, and began marketing the Super System Card, which enabled the TurboGrafx-CD to play the new Super CD games. The Super System Card is programmed with the updated v3.0 BIOS, and increases the TurboGrafx-16's RAM by 192 kilobytes. The TurboGrafx-CD requires the updated BIOS to read Super CD discs, and the additional RAM to run the software capably. The Super System Card retailed for US$65 or, when bundled with the TurboDuo's Super CD compilation disc, US$95.

Unlike the previous consoles which used actual game characters as mascots, for the TurboDuo marketing campaign TTI created a character called "Johnny Turbo". Turbo, a superhero character, was the alter ego of Jonathan Brandstetter, who himself was based in part on real-life game developer and TurboDuo brand manager John C. Brandstetter. Consisting of a three comic campaign that ran in issues of Electronic Gaming Monthly, the stories featured Johnny opposing agents of the company "FEKA" (a thinly veiled parody of Sega) who were tricking children into buying their CD-based add-on instead of the TurboDuo. Reactions to the advertising campaign were negative, with Jonathan J. Burtenshaw of GameSpy descring them as "petty" and "overly confrontational," and further conjectured that it hurt TurboDuo sales. Despite this Turbo would later resurface as a playable character voiced by Brandstetter in the 2019 puzzle game Crystal Crisis, and in name and image only for Johnny Turbo's Arcade, a Data East arcade game compilation for the Nintendo Switch produced by Brandstetter's company Flying Tiger Development.

Technical specification

 CPU
 The Hudson Soft HuC6280 is a modified 65C02 with an effective clock rate of 1.79 or 7.16 MHz (switchable by software). The integrated components of this 8-bit processor include a timer, general-purpose I/O port, and bankswitching hardware (which drives a 21-bit external address bus from a 6502-compatible 16-bit address bus). It is capable of block transfer instructions, as well as dedicated move instructions for communicating with the TurboDuo's video display controller, the HuC6270A.

 Video processing
 One 16-bit HuC6260 video color encoder (VCE)
 One 16-bit HuC6270A video display controller (VDC). Like the TMS99xx family of video display processors, it has port-based I/O.

 Display resolution
 Horizontal lines: Maximum of 512, programmable in 8-pixel increments
 Vertical lines: Maximum of 240, programmable in 8-pixel increments

 Color
 Color depth: 9-bit
 512-color palette (maximum of 481 colors on-screen: 241 for background tiles, 240 for sprites)
 Up to 32 palettes (16 for background tiles, 16 for sprites)
 Up to 16 colors per palette (15 colors + transparency)

 Sprites
 Sizes: 16×16, 16×32, 32×16, 32×32, 32×64
 Simultaneously displayable: 64 (maximum of 8–16 per line, depending on sprite width)
 Each sprite can use up to 15 unique colors (one color must be reserved as transparent) via one of the 16 available sprite palettes.
 The HuC6270A VDC can display one sprite layer. Sprites could be placed either in front of or behind background tiles.

 Tiles
 Each 8×8-pixel background tile can use up to 16 unique colors via one of the 16 available background palettes. The first color entry of each background palette must be the same across all background palettes. The HuC6270A VDC can display one background layer.

Memory
 Work RAM: 8 KB
 Video RAM: 64 KB
 Additional 192 KB of built in Memory (System 3.0)

 Sound
 Six wavetable synthesis audio channels, programmable through the HuC6280 CPU
 One ADPCM channel
 Compact Disc Digital Audio

 Software media
 TurboChip (called HuCard in Japan), a thin, card-like ROM cartridge. Published games consumed up to 20 Mb (2.5 MB).
 CD-ROM² (pronounced "CD-ROM-ROM" in Japan), a proprietary CD-ROM-based media. Unlike the TurboGrafx-CD add-on, the TurboDuo could play standard CD-ROM² discs, as well Super CD-ROM² discs, without the need of a System Card. Early CD-ROM² games released in North America were branded as TurboGrafx-CD discs, but this relabeling fell into disuse after the launch of the TurboDuo in favor of keeping the CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM² labeling used in Japan.

See also
 List of TurboGrafx-16 games/PC Engine games

References

External links

 PC-Engine technical documentation for programmers at MagicEngine.com
 Frozen Utopia, a website for PC-Engine game developers

Computer-related introductions in 1992
CD-ROM-based consoles
Fourth-generation video game consoles
NEC consoles
Home video game consoles
TurboGrafx-16
65xx-based video game consoles

TurboDuo


Adelaide Victoria Kane (born 9 August 1990) is an Australian actress and model. She first gained recognition for her roles as Lolly Allen in the soap opera Neighbours and Tenaya 7 (later Tenaya 15) in the children's series Power Rangers RPM. She went on to star as Mary, Queen of Scots in the American CW period drama Reign. She also appeared as Cora Hale in the third season of the MTV series Teen Wolf and Drizella in the ABC series Once Upon a Time. She now stars in the later seasons of ABC series Grey's Anatomy.

Early life
Adelaide Victoria Kane was born on 9 August 1990 in Claremont, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Her Scottish father was originally from Glasgow, while her mother is an Australian of Scottish, Irish and French descent.

Kane's parents divorced when she was seven, and Adelaide and her brother were raised by their single mother. She grew up in Perth, and attended St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls.
When she joined the cast of Neighbours, she and her mother moved to Melbourne, while her brother and stepfather remained in Perth. She also lived for a short period in New Zealand, while shooting children's television series Power Rangers RPM.

In September 2009, at the age of 19, Kane moved to the United States to live in Los Angeles in order to pursue her acting career.

Career
Kane began performing at the age of three, starting with dance and then moving to singing and acting.

At the age of six, Kane started working professionally in some print ads, later moving on to TV spots and working in various children's TV shows.

In August 2006, Kane was picked to join the cast of Neighbours as Lolly Allen after she entered a competition run by Dolly magazine. She was given a three-month contract with the show. Her friends convinced her to enter the competition, but she did not think she was actually going to get the role. In December 2006, Kane announced that she would be leaving the show after her contract was not renewed. At the time of the announcement, Kane had not yet appeared as Lolly. In 2008, Kane was nominated for a Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent for her performance as Lolly.

From March to December 2009, Kane portrayed Tenaya 7 on Power Rangers RPM, part of the long-running Power Rangers franchise.

In April 2010, at the age of 19, Kane starred in the television film Secrets of the Mountain on NBC. In 2010, she also starred in the Hulu series Pretty Tough, composed of 20 episodes and based on the novel by the same name written by Li Tigelaar.

Also in 2010, Kane traveled to attend an audition for Cartoon Network's first live-action series Unnatural History, for the role of Maggie Winnock.  She and Italia Ricci were the actresses selected for the casting; the role later went to Ricci.

In 2012, Kane portrayed Aubrey in the film Goats. On 28 November 2012 it was announced that Kane had joined the cast of Teen Wolf as Cora Hale.

In February 2013, Kane was cast as Mary, Queen of Scots in the CW period drama series Reign. The same year, she appeared in the successful thriller film The Purge.

Kane has appeared in World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor as a human death knight.

In 2014, Kane appeared in the horror film The Devil's Hand as Ruth. She originally auditioned for Alycia Debnam-Carey's role, but producers thought she was not right for the part, so they offered her Ruth, who got more along with her personality.
Kane starred in Scott Speer's short thriller film Realm in 2015,

In June 2016, Kane joined the cast of Dragons: Race to the Edge as the voice of Mala, Queen of the Defenders of the Wing.

In July 2017, Kane joined the hit ABC series Once Upon A Time in a recurring role for its reboot season seven. Kane was one of five actresses to join the series for its new season in starring and recurring roles, following the exits of six key cast members at the end of season six. She played one of the antagonists, Drizella, one of Cinderella's wicked stepsisters. Kane's final episode in Once Upon a Time was "Sisterhood".

In September 2019, Kane was announced as one of the cast members of Into the Darks second Halloween installment, Uncanny Annie, which premiered on Hulu the following month. She did some coaching sessions to prepare and soften up for the role. Before she was cast for Uncanny Annie, Kane was supposed to appear in Into the Dark's first installment The Body, but the character director Paul Davis wanted her for was cut right before the shooting draft was locked.
In October 2019, Kane joined the cast of CBS's SEAL Team for its third season.

In March 2020, Kane joined the main cast of the sci-fi action film Cosmic Sin. The same month, Kane made a cameo in NBC's This Is Us''' season four finale as Hailey Damon, Toby Damon and Kate Pearson's adopted daughter.

In the fall of 2022, Adelaide joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy in season 19 as a new intern.

In 2023 she appeared in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds in the second season episode "Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow".

Personal life
Kane was in a relationship with Reign co-star Sean Teale between 2014 and 2016. In July 2019, Kane started a relationship with her Into the Dark'' co-star Jacques Colimon. The couple split sometime in 2020. In February 2021, Kane revealed she is bisexual. In April 2021, Kane started dating Dutch model Marthe Woertman.

Kane suffers from generalised anxiety disorder, and has spoken up multiple times about the importance to break the stigma surrounding mental illness.
Kane also revealed that she has been diagnosed with ADHD.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1990 births
21st-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian LGBT people
Actresses from Perth, Western Australia
Australian bisexual people
Australian child actresses
Australian expatriate actresses in the United States
Australian film actresses
Australian LGBT actors
Australian LGBT models
Australian people of French descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Scottish descent
Australian soap opera actresses
Australian television actresses
Australian voice actresses
Bisexual actresses
Bisexual women models
Living people
People educated at St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls

Adelaide Kane


Prince Sergei Grigorievich Volkonsky (Серге́й Григорьевич Волко́нский; 19 December 1788 – 10 December 1865) was a Russian Empire Major General and Decembrist from the aristocratic Volkonsky family.

Prince Sergey was a grandson of Field Marshal Nicholas Repnin, a leading statesman of Catherine the Great's reign. The three brothers Sergey, Nikita Volkonsky and Nikolay Repnin, distinguished themselves during the Napoleonic Wars. Princess Zenaǐde Wolkonsky was his sister-in-law. Serge Wolkonsky, a theatre director and critic, descended from his son Michail.

Volkonsky was promoted Major General after the Battle of Großbeeren and Battle of Dennewitz. He was wounded in the Battle of Eylau. He was the only general still in active service who took part in the Decembrist conspiracy of 1825, an attempt to achieve liberal reform by preventing the accession of Tsar Nicholas I. Following the failure of the revolt, he was found guilty and sentenced to beheading, which was eventually commuted to life in prison.

Prince Volkonsky went to toil in the mines near Irkutsk and spent 30 years as a political exile in Siberia. His wife, Maria Rayevskaya, followed him to Siberia. Their tribulations and hardships have been seen, in a later Russian tradition, as the stuff of high Romantic legend. Nikolay Nekrasov described them in a long poem. Oleg Strizhenov played the part of Volkonsky in the 1975 Soviet film The Captivating Star of Happiness.

On succeeding to the throne in 1856, Alexander II allowed Volkonsky and other old Decembrists to return from Siberia. In the late 1850s, Sergey Volkonsky travelled in Europe, where he met Alexander Herzen and other young liberals. Sergey and Maria spent the rest of their lives in the village of Voronki (Little Russia), which was owned by their daughter. The memoirs of Sergey Volkonsky were published in 1902.

References

Decembrists
1788 births
1865 deaths
Sergei
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Internal exiles from the Russian Empire

Sergey Volkonsky


mafianeindanke (Mafia? No Thanks!) is an anti-mafia movement that was created in Germany after the Duisburg massacre in August 2007. Born

 from an idea by Laura Garavini, mafianeindanke has been part since January 2010 of the association network Flare, and it is active in the defense of legality in Germany.

Origins

On 15 August 2007 in Duisburg in North Rhine-Westphalia in front of the Italian restaurant Da Bruno six people belonging to the 'Ndrangheta were killed in a blood feud between 'Ndrangheta families. The event is remembered as the Duisburg massacre.

In response to the fragmented representation of the problem of Italian organized crime in Germany, often based on superficial stereotypes, a group of Italian immigrants in Berlin decided to commit to propose to the German civil society a more coherent and thorough reflection and analysis on the issue of mafia in Germany. Inspired by other movements to protect legality in Italy, such as Addiopizzo and Libera, mafianeindanke pursues the following objectives:

 Counter the activities of Mafia-like criminal organizations in Germany;
 Raise public awareness and the German political class about the problem of organized crime in Germany, for the recognition of the Mafia as a purely extra-national and, contrasting with greater collaboration between states, especially members of the European Union;
 Affirm and defend the value of law and the shared awareness that only respecting the rules can be the basis of any modern democratic society;
 Maintain and constantly monitor the activities of the Mafia in Germany trying to showcase the work of journalists, magistrates and police involved in fighting criminal organizations;
 Support and promote education projects aimed at enhancing the importance of legality;
 Offer a point of reference for all those who, feeling threatened by gangs, they need to listen, support, advice, mafianeindanke therefore intends to keep alive the memory of all those who have suffered threats and retaliation by criminal mafias.

Activities

Immediately after the Duisburg massacre, in December 2007 members of one clan of the Camorra attempted to extort money to some restaurateurs in Berlin. mafianeindanke enabled these entrepreneurs to unite and to facilitate communication with the police, and the report of attempted extortion. The criminals were later arrested.

During 2008 mafianeindanke organized a number of initiatives aimed at proposing a public reflection on the topic of organized crime and the means necessary to combat it. Thus, it became clear to the founders
that is necessary to discuss systematically the delay of the German legal system with regards to the fight to Mafia.

Through collaborations with journalists, politicians, judges and representatives of civil society, mafianeindanke attempted to draw attention on the harmonization of European legal systems. Following a conference held in Berlin in March 2009 mafianeindanke had its first nationwide success in Germany when in July the German Parliament finally introduced a European Directive to recognize rulings of other member states of the Union.

mafianeindanke intends to continue the work done so far to introduce in Germany as well as in all EU countries the category of criminal association and push for confiscation to be used as a fundamental weapon in the fight against organized crime.

References

External links
mafianeindanke
The story of Mafia? Nein Danke!, Laura Garavini website

Antimafia
Civic and political organisations of Germany
Organised crime in Germany

Mafia? Nein danke!


The , is part of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). It is responsible for Japan's policies regarding energy and natural resources. Established in 1973, the 1973 oil crisis became the agency's first challenge. The rising price of fuel oil, and a lack of indigenous supplies, led the agency to promote independent energy development and supply source diversification, in addition to the increased stockpiling of oil supplies. The agency leads Asian countries in energy-saving efforts.

External links
 Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

Economy of Japan

Agency for Natural Resources and Energy


The Hollow Tree is a 1997 children's historical novel by Janet Lunn. The book is the third in a trilogy, the first two being The Root Cellar and Shadow in Hawthorn Bay.  Having progressed backward from the American Civil War in The Root Cellar, another few decades in Shadow in Hawthorn Bay, The Hollow Tree takes place during the starting of the American Revolution in 1777.

The main character, Phoebe Olcott, is mentioned briefly in Shadow in Hawthorn Bay as "Phoebe Morrisay," having married Jem Morrisay.  Phoebe's suitor, Ben Larkin, is implied to be an ancestor to Rose Larkin, the protagonist of The Root Cellar, while the Morrissay family's descendants would include Will Morrisay, who also appears in The Root Cellar.

Plot overview
Plump little Phoebe Olcott is a timid but helpful 15-year-old girl, admired by her father's students for her quiet temperament and stubbornness.  After her father, a schoolteacher, is killed in action while fighting as an American Patriot (commonly known as Rebels) in the quick revolution, she ends up living with her aunt's family, who happen to be Loyalist.

Phoebe continues to hide in the shadows of her cousins Gideon and Anne Robinson until Gideon becomes a British soldier. When he is suddenly found hanged, Phoebe discovers that Gideon was actually a spy and finds a list of names that was entrusted to Gideon and must be delivered to Fort Ticonderoga.

She arrives at Fort Ticonderoga too late; the post has been abandoned. Instead, she finds a bear and a cat and meets Jem Morrissay, whose family happens to be one of the names on the list entrusted to Gideon. Phoebe and Jem form an uneasy relationship and she is reunited with her family and several other Loyalist families fleeing to Upper Canada to avoid persecution by the Patriots.

During the flight of the Loyalists, they capture Japhet Oram, a Loyalist soldier, and are uncertain if he is a deserter or a rebel spy.  The leader of the group insists that the soldier be taken to Canada and hanged.  When Phoebe's own convictions, background, and morals clash with the more radical of the Loyalists, she soon finds herself isolated from the rest of the group.  She secretly cuts Japhet loose and runs away, but is pursued by Jem.

Despite their growing attraction to one another, Phoebe refuses to return to the other Loyalists with Jem.  Forced to continue alone, Phoebe begins her dangerous journey to Canada in order to escape the revolution and fulfil Gideon's final mission.

See also

 American Revolution

References

1998 Canadian novels
1998 children's books
Children's historical novels
Novels set during the American Revolutionary War
Novels set in the 1770s
Fiction set in 1777
Governor General's Award-winning children's books
Knopf Canada books
Children's books set in the 1770s
Children's books set in New York (state)
Children's books set during the American Revolutionary War

The Hollow Tree


Lillian Elaine Fishburne (born March 25, 1949) was the first African-American female to hold the rank of Rear Admiral (RDML) in the United States Navy.  She was appointed to the rank of Rear Admiral (Lower Half) by President of the United States Bill Clinton and was officially promoted on February 1, 1998. Fishburne retired from the Navy in February 2001.

Early life and education
Fishburne was born March 25, 1949, at Patuxent River, Maryland, and raised in Rockville, Maryland. She was commissioned an ensign upon completion of Women Officers School at Newport, Rhode Island, in February 1973.

Fishburne graduated from Lincoln University, Oxford, Pennsylvania in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology.  She received a Master of Arts in Management from Webster College, St. Louis, Missouri in 1980. Fishburne was awarded a Master of Science degree in Telecommunications Systems Management from the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California in 1982.  Also, she is a 1993 graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.

Career

Her first duty assignment was as the Personnel and Legal Officer at the Naval Air Test Facility, Lakehurst, New Jersey.  In August 1974, she was assigned to Navy Recruiting District, Miami, Florida as an Officer Programs recruiter until November 1977.

From November 1977 to August 1980, Fishburne was the Officer in Charge of the Naval Telecommunications Center, Great Lakes, Illinois.  She then spent two years as a student at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.  Upon completion of postgraduate school, she reported to the Command, Control, Communications Directorate, Chief of Naval Operations (OP-940).  There, she served as the Assistant Head, Joint Allied Command and Control Matters Branch until December 1984.

Fishburne's next assignment was Executive Officer, Naval Communication Station, Yokosuka, Japan.  In February 1987, she was assigned to the Command, Control, and Communications Directorate, Chief of Naval Operations (OP-942) as a Special Projects Officer.  Her next duty assignment was Commanding Officer, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station, Key West, Florida from July 1990 to July 1992.  Following this tour, RDML Fishburne was a student at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces until 1993.  Upon graduation, she was assigned to the Command, Control, Communications and Computer Systems Directorate, The Joint Staff, Washington, D.C., assuming the position as Chief, Command and Control Systems Support Division (J6C) in December 1994.
Next, Fishburne assumed command of Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station, Eastern Pacific, Wahiawa, Hawaii (later renamed Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station Pacific) on August 25, 1995.  In her final assignment she served as the Director, Information Transfer Division for the Space, Information Warfare, Command and Control Directorate, Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, D.C.

Awards and decorations
 Defense Superior Service Medal
 Legion of Merit
 Meritorious Service Medal with Gold Star
 Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal with Gold Star
 Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal

See also

Women in the United States Navy

References

External links

1949 births
Living people
African-American female military personnel
United States Navy rear admirals (lower half)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
Female admirals of the United States Navy
People from St. Mary's County, Maryland
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
People from Rockville, Maryland
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
African-American United States Navy personnel

Lillian E. Fishburne


Who Am I This Time? is a 1982 American made-for-television comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Demme and based on the 1961 short story of the same name by Kurt Vonnegut. It is the fourth episode of the first season of PBS' American Playhouse series which aired on February 2, 1982.

Plot
Christopher Walken portrays Harry Nash, a hardware store clerk who has achieved a degree of local celebrity due to his powerful performances in community theatre. Yet when not on the stage or in a rehearsal, Harry retreats into an insecure and painfully shy personality. He remains unsocial most of the time.

The story is set in motion when Helene Shaw (Susan Sarandon), a woman intending to stay in town for only eight weeks, is persuaded into auditioning for the role of Stella, opposite Harry's Stanley Kowalski in a production of A Streetcar Named Desire.

Ignoring warnings of Harry's introverted personality, Helene falls in love with Harry's "Stanley" persona, and mistakes his cluelessness and shyness for rejection.  This results in a clumsy and uneven performance on the second night of the play, but Helene bounces back in time for closing night, due to an inspiration: her closing-night gift to Harry is a copy of Romeo and Juliet. Harry and Helene find that they can pursue a relationship by reciting stage romances to each other, and the story ends with him proposing, in character, from a scene in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest.

Cast
 Susan Sarandon as Helene Shaw
 Christopher Walken as Harry Nash
 Robert Ridgely as George Johnson
 Dorothy Patterson as Doris
 Caitlin Hart as Lydia
 Les Podewell as Les
 Aaron Freeman as Andrew

Production

Music
The film's score was composed by John Cale of The Velvet Underground.  Hinckley, Illinois served as stand-in for fictional North Crawford.

Writing
The quotations recited by the actors, from Cyrano de Bergerac to The Importance of Being Earnest, are often paraphrased. In the opening act, Harry Nash delivers the final lines of Cyrano, which were taken not from the well-known translations of the standard texts, but from the film adaptation Cyrano de Bergerac (1950), with translation by Brian Hooker. Edmond Rostand's final two words in the original French version were My panache!, which is usually used in translations.

Hooker's version, which Christopher Walken/Cyrano declaims, changes his final phrase to "My white plume!"  Panache means plume; here, the literary reference is to King Henry IV of France, who was famous for wearing a white plume in his helmet and for his war cry: "Follow my white plume!" (French: Ralliez-vous à mon panache blanc!).

Another slight variation occurs in the final lines, when Helene accepts Harry's proposal of marriage and says, "I hope that after we marry, you'll always look at me just like this... especially in front of other people!" In the original play by Oscar Wilde, the line is, "I hope you will always look at me just like that, especially when there are other people present."

In Vonnegut's short story, the character George Johnson is the first-person narrator. He meets Helene while trying to sort out a phone bill and asks her to try out for the local play.

Reception
The film holds a 92% "Fresh" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 354 user ratings.

The New York Times published a review saying that the script was "touchingly adapted" from Vonnegut's story.

Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times called Who Am I This Time? "a smashing adaptation of a Kurt Vonnegut story."  Daily Variety praised Demme, saying he "directed with finesse," and said that producer Neal Miller "coaxes his characters along with becoming humor."

Joe Meyers, host of the debut of the second annual "Short Cuts" series celebrating the art of the short film at the Garden Cinema festival in Norwalk, Connecticut in 2011, described the film as "one of the most charming short films of the modern era."

Time Out (London) called the film "totally delightful" with "a great deal of charm and wit."

Dramatist/reviewer Sheila O'Malley writes that Who Am I This Time? is "one of the best movies about acting, and what it is, and why, that I have ever seen... it is a funny and accurate look at why grown men and women put on costumes and cavort about with fake swords for a paying populace."

Awards and honors

Who Am I This Time? won the "Best Television Production Award" at the Semana Internacional De Cinema de Barcelona, invitational screenings in Russia (ACT I) and Italy (Venice Film Festival), and at the San Francisco International Film Festival.

References

External links

1982 television films
1982 films
1982 comedy-drama films
American comedy-drama films
Films based on works by Kurt Vonnegut
Films directed by Jonathan Demme
Films scored by John Cale
Films based on short fiction
American Playhouse
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
English-language comedy-drama films

Who Am I This Time? (film)


The Great Lakes are five large lakes in east-central North America. They hold 21% of the world's surface fresh water.

The five lakes are: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.

Geography

Four of the Great Lakes are on the border between Canada and the United States of America. The other, Lake Michigan, is completely inside the United States.

All together, by volume, they are the largest group of fresh water lakes in the world. No one of the Lakes is larger than Lake Baikal (Russia) or Lake Tanganyika (East Africa).

The cities of Chicago, Illinois (9.8 million people, on Lake Michigan), Toronto, Ontario (5.5 million, on Lake Ontario); Detroit, Michigan (5.3 million, on the Detroit river); Montreal, Quebec (3.9 million, on the St. Lawrence River), Cleveland, Ohio (2.9 million, on Lake Erie), Buffalo, and Ottawa (1.2 million, Ontario, on the Ottawa River) are on the shores of the Great Lakes or their rivers.

Though the five lakes have separate basins, they form a single, connected body of freshwater. The lakes connect the east-central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. Lakes Michigan, Huron and Erie are approximately equally high and ships can easily pass from one to the next. Water flows from Lake Superior and Lake Michigan into Lake Huron; then through the Detroit River into Lake Erie; then through Niagara Falls into Lake Ontario; and then through the Saint Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean. Water also drains from the Chicago River on the south.

Many rivers flow through a large watershed into the lakes. The lakes have about 35,000 islands. The Great Lakes region includes the five lakes and many thousands of smaller lakes, often called inland lakes.

Lake Michigan and Lake Huron hit all-time record low levels in 2013.

The unusual shape of the Great Lakes has created the possibility of large waves called seiche. If a storm causes a fast, strong increase in air pressure on one side of a lake, the water level on that side of the lake will drop and suddenly push up the water level on the opposite side of the lake.  A 10 foot tall wave in Chicago caused several deaths in 1954.

Ecological threats
The Great Lakes are home to a variety of species of fish and other organisms. In recent years, overfishing caused a decline in lake trout. The drop in lake trout increased the alewife population. In response, the government introduced salmon as a predator to decrease the alewife population. This program was so successful that the salmon population rose rapidly, and the states surrounding Lake Michigan promoted 'salmon snagging'. This has been made illegal in all of the Great Lakes states except for a limited season in Illinois. Lake Michigan is now being stocked with several species of fish. However, several invader species such as lampreys, round goby, and zebra mussels threaten the native fish populations.

Invasive species
Accidentally introduced species are a big problem. Since the 19th century about 160 species have invaded the Great Lakes ecosystem, causing severe economic and ecological impacts. According to the Inland Seas Education Association, they deprive fish of food, cause blooms of toxic algae, and foul boats, spawning areas and drinking water intakes. On average a new invasive species enters the Great Lakes every eight months.

Two important infestations in the Great Lakes are the zebra mussel,  first discovered in 1988, and the quagga mussel in 1989. These molluscs are efficient filter feeders. They compete with native mussels, and also reduce available food and spawning grounds for fish.

Also, the mussels hurt utility and manufacturing industries by clogging or blocking pipes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that the economic impact of the zebra mussel will be about $5 billion over the next decade. Because the quagga mussel is good at filtering plankton from the lake water, sunlight reaches deeper into the lake. This increases the growth of algae.

Pollution
Chemicals from industrial plants run off the land into rivers and arrive in the lakes. Some of these chemicals are highly toxic, such as mercury. Contaminated water from sewer overflows also reaches the lakes, and beaches get closed because of the threat of pathogenic bacteria.

Notes

References

Lakes of Canada
Geography of Ontario
Lakes of the United States

Great Lakes


30:e november () is a Swedish film released to cinemas in Sweden on 10 March 1995.

Plot
The plot starts with Adam and a gang of white power skinheads setting a reception center for asylum-seekers on fire. One of those fleeing the center is Julia from Peru, and for Adam, it is love at first sight. Despite the title of the film, it takes place in the middle of summer, around the National Day of Sweden, 6 June. However, 30 November is a date when Swedish neo-Nazis have often organized marches commemorating King Charles XII.

About the film
The film has since aired on Sveriges Television and TV4, and was released on video in September 1995. The TV and video versions run at 111 minutes. It is a reinterpretation of Romeo and Juliet, mostly scene for scene.

References

External links

Swedish drama films
1995 films
Films shot in Sweden
Films directed by Daniel Fridell
Films based on Romeo and Juliet
1990s Swedish films

30:e november


Area code 785 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for most of the northern part of the U.S. state Kansas. It was created in a split of the numbering plan area 913 on July 20, 1997. The numbering plan area stretches from the Colorado state line on the west to the Missouri state line on the east, while excluding the Kansas side of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which retained 913. The largest city by population isTopeka, the state capital city.

History
When the area code system was created in 1947, the southern half of the state (Dodge City, Emporia, Garden City, Wichita) was designated as numbering plan area 316, while the northern half (Kansas City, Topeka, Lawrence, Goodland, Manhattan, Salina, Hays) received area code 913.

This configuration remained in place for 40 years.  However, by the mid-1990s, 913 was close to exhaustion due to the rapid growth of the Kansas City area, as well as the proliferation of cell phones and pagers. The latter was especially pronounced in the eastern part of the 913 territory (the Kansas City suburbs, Topeka, and Lawrence), home to the bulk of the numbering plan's available numbers.

Late in 1996, the Kansas Corporation Commission, which oversees telecommunications in the state, requested relief from the North American Numbering Plan Administration (NANPA) for the exchanges of area code 913.  On February 12, 1997, the NANPA announced that 913 would be cut back to the Kansas side of the Kansas City area, while most of the western portion of the old 913 plan area–everything from Lawrence westward–was split off as area code 785, effective on July 20, 1997. Permissive dialing of 913 continued across northern Kansas until October 3, 1998.

The bulk of 785's landlines and cell phones are in the eastern portion, in and around Topeka and Lawrence. Despite this, 785 will not be near exhaustion until the end of the decade. Under the 2023 NANPA projections, northern Kansas will not need another area code until 2029.

Prior to October 2021, area code 785 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021.

Service area

Major cities
The principal cities in numbering plan area 785 are Colby, Goodland, Hays, Junction City, Lawrence, Manhattan, Ottawa, Salina, and Topeka.

Boundaries
The boundary between 785 and area code 620, which covers southern Kansas outside of the Wichita metropolitan area, runs from west to east roughly following a path along K-4 and K-96.  The code boundary dips along I-135 in McPherson County and continues east to just north of Emporia in Lyon County along the Kansas Turnpike.  At this point, area code 785 reaches its easternmost boundary with the current boundary for area code 913, although a small portion of the northeast corner of Kansas across the Missouri River from St. Joseph, Missouri is part of 785.

The numbering plan area contains the entire counties of Anderson, Cheyenne, Franklin, Rawlins, Decatur, Norton, Phillips, Smith, Jewell, Republic, Washington, Nemaha, Marshall, Brown, Sherman, Thomas, Sheridan, Graham, Rooks, Osborne, Mitchell, Lincoln, Cloud, Ottawa, Clay, Riley, Pottawatomie, Jackson, Wallace, Logan, Gove, Trego, Ness, Rush, Ellis, Russell, Ellsworth, Saline, Dickinson, Geary, Wabaunsee, Shawnee, Osage, and Douglas, as well as portions of Doniphan, Atchison, Coffey, Lyon, Jefferson, Morris and McPherson counties.

The counties of  Linn, Miami, Johnson, Wyandotte, and Leavenworth belong to number plan area 913.

One exception to this rule is the city of Elwood, which retained the 913 area code while the rest of Doniphan County switched to 785. This is because Elwood's servicing wire center is in St. Joseph, Missouri, which is part of the Kansas City, Missouri LATA, located in area code 816. It would have been too expensive for Southwestern Bell to reroute Elwood's trunk lines so it could follow the rest of Doniphan County into 785. All bordering 816/913 rate centers have each other's area codes.

See also
List of Kansas area codes
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes

References

External links
Rural Telephone (local service provider company)
Area Code History
1947 Area Code Assignment Plan
List of exchanges split off from Area Code 913 to Area Code 785

785
785

Area code 785


Milton Wright (November 17, 1828 – April 3, 1917) was the father of aviation pioneers Wilbur and Orville Wright, and a bishop of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ.

Family
Milton Wright was the son of Dan Wright and Catherine Wright (Reeder), daughter of George Reeder and Margaret Van Cleve. Margaret Van Cleve was one of the earliest women of European ancestry to settle in the Miami River basin.

Milton met his future wife, Susan Catharine Koerner, b. 1831, d. 4 July 1889, at Hartsville College in 1853, where he was appointed as supervisor of the preparatory department and she was a literature student. After a long courtship, Milton asked Susan to marry him and accompany him on his assignment by the church to Sublimity, Oregon. She declined, but agreed to marry him when he returned. They married in 1859 when he was almost 31 and she was 28.

Both shared a love of learning for the sake of learning. Their home had two libraries — the first consisted of books on theology, the second was a large, varied collection. Looking back on his childhood, Orville once commented that he and his brother had
"special advantages...we were lucky enough to grow up in a home environment where there was always much encouragement to children to pursue intellectual interests; to investigate whatever aroused their curiosity."

Children
Susan and Milton had seven children. Four sons and one daughter survived past infancy. Their first son, Reuchlin, was born in a log cabin in 1861 near Fairmount, Indiana. The second son, Lorin, was born in 1862 in Orange Township, Fayette County, Indiana. Wilbur was born 16 April 1867 near Millville, Indiana. The fourth and fifth children, twins Otis and Ida, were born 25 February 1870 at Dayton, Ohio, but died shortly thereafter, on 9 March and 14 March respectively, but were followed by the Dayton births of Orville on 19 August 1871, and the only surviving daughter Katherine on 19 August 1874.

None of the Wright children had middle names. Instead, their father tried hard to give them distinctive first names. Reuchlin was named for Johann Reuchlin, Lorin was named by his parents for a community chosen randomly from a map. Wilbur was named for Wilbur Fisk and Orville for Orville Dewey, both clergymen that Milton Wright admired.

Wilbur and Orville were "Will" and "Orv" to their friends, and "Ullam" and "Bubs" to each other. In Dayton, their neighbors knew them simply as the "Bishop's kids."

Because of Milton's position in the church, the Wrights moved frequently — twelve times before finally returning permanently to Dayton in 1884.

Church service
Milton joined the Church of the United Brethren in Christ in 1846 because of its stand on political and moral issues including alcohol, the abolition of slavery, and opposition to "secret societies" such as Freemasonry.

Indiana and Oregon
From 1855 to 1856, he served as an itinerant minister of the Church of the United Brethren in Indianapolis. He was ordained in 1856 and was pastor in Andersonville, Indiana, from 1856 to 1857. Later that year, he went to Oregon as a missionary and served as pastor at Sublimity and first president of Sublimity College, a denominational institution.

Wright returned from Sublimity in 1859 and was assigned by the church as a circuit preacher in eastern Indiana, where he also served as presiding elder and pastor in Hartsville, Indiana. From 1868 to 1869, he was professor of theology at Hartsville College.

Ohio and Iowa
In 1869, Milton became editor of the national weekly church newspaper, the Religious Telescope, and moved to the newspaper's headquarters of Dayton, Ohio; with this new position, his income increased from $900 per year to $1500 per year. The position gave him prominence within the church and helped him get elected as a bishop in 1877.

In 1871, he founded United Theological Seminary in Dayton.

Bishop Wright continued to advance in the church hierarchy. In 1878, he assumed responsibility for the Western conferences of the church and moved his family to Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Westfield College in Illinois, gave him the degree of D.D. in 1878.

He traveled widely on church business, but always sent back many letters and often brought presents home. His gifts stimulated his children's curiosity and exposed them to a world beyond their immediate surroundings. Returning from one of his travels, he brought Wilbur and Orville a toy helicopter. The helicopter was made of bamboo, cork, paper and powered by rubber bands. When the first broke, the boys made several copies. The toy helicopter is responsible for triggering the Wright brothers interest in aviation.

Division in the church
By 1881, the leadership of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ was becoming more liberal. Milton Wright, a staunch conservative, failed to be re-elected to his Bishop's post. The Wrights moved to Richmond, Indiana, where Milton served a circuit preacher once again. He served as presiding elder in the White River conference from 1881 to 1885. He also founded a monthly religious newspaper, The Star, for fellow conservatives in 1883.

As the liberals in his church began to press for change, Milton Wright sensed there would be a showdown with the conservatives. Wanting to get back into the fray, he decided to move back to Dayton, the political center of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, in 1884. It was the last time he would move his family. Wright was once more elected bishop in 1885. He was to spend the next four years serving the Pacific Coast district.

The anticipated showdown came in 1889.  The church leadership wanted to give local conferences proportional representation at the General Conference, allow laymen to serve as delegates to General Conference, and allow United Brethren members to hold membership in secret societies.  The procedure for amending the Constitution made amendments all but impossible, but the leadership made the changes anyway, saying they were necessary for the good of the church.

However, a minority refused to accept the changes, claiming they weren't valid since they weren't approved by the full membership.  Wright was the only bishop to side with the minority. Wright and about 10,000 to 15,000 supporters left the meeting and reconvened at a new location. Contending that those supporting the changes had effectively seceded from the denomination, they declared themselves to be the true United Brethren Church. To distinguish themselves from the majority faction, the minority called itself the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitution).

Wright became the new church's first bishop. Since they were in the minority, they had to rebuild from scratch; nearly all of the congregations who sided with the minority lost their property. Wright's sons Wilbur and Orville provided publishing services for the new organization until a publishing house could be established in Huntington, Indiana. Wright also provided valuable support to Huntington College (now Huntington University), established by the Old Constitution branch in 1897.

Keiter controversy
At the turn of the century, Wright was adamant about prosecuting the publishing house agent, Millard Keiter, who was accused of embezzling. Many members of the publishing board supported Keiter. Because of the controversy, Wright's home district, the White River Conference, voted to rescind his license as minister. The General Conference overruled the home conference in 1905, reinstating Wright. Keiter moved to Kentucky, where he was indicted for land fraud.

Retirement
Milton Wright retired in 1905.  He died in 1917.

See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church

References

External links

 Huntington College Magazine
 NASA Reliving the Wright Way
 Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum The Wright Brothers
 US Centennial of Flight Commission — Wright Family

1828 births
1917 deaths
American Methodist missionaries
American newspaper editors
American people of Dutch descent
American people of English descent
American religion academics
American United Brethren in Christ
Bishops of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ
Methodist missionaries in the United States
Editors of Christian publications
Evangelical United Brethren missionaries
People from Bartholomew County, Indiana
People from Dayton, Ohio
United Brethren in Christ clergy
Wright brothers
Burials at Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum
Bishops in Ohio
Wright family

Milton Wright (bishop)


Jean Gilpin (born ) is an English actress.

Early life
Gilpin was born  in London. Her father worked for the United Nations and she thus lived in various locations while growing up, such as China, Cuba, France, Switzerland, Thailand, the Congo, the U.S. (specifically New York City), and Zambia. She attended schools in England, France, Switzerland, and Thailand. She gained a BA in Drama and English from Bristol University before training at the Drama Centre London.

Career
Gilpin first made some brief appearances in BBC Bristol productions as a student in the Bristol University Drama Department. Her first professional theatrical job was a season with the Nottingham Playhouse Company where she received her Equity card. She spent three years at the Glasgow Citizens' Theatre, playing Principal Boy in their traditional pantomimes, and performing in Noël Coward's Semi-Monde directed by Philip Prowse.

Gilpin spent a year with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She played the Duchess of Vanholt in Faustus with Ian McKellen, directed by John Barton. Her first credited appearance on British television was in the role of Julia in The Duchess of Malfi for the BBC. She's also Janet Milton (the found Mum of John) in the episode Reunion, third season of Survivors.

Gilpin is perhaps best known to British television audiences as Sylvia, a precocious Auxiliary Territorial Service member, the niece of Chief Warden Hodges, who attempts unsuccessfully to seduce Private Pike in "The Making of Private Pike" (first broadcast 9 October 1977) in the final series of Dad's Army. Gilpin also won minor roles in several British films of the 1970s including Catch Me a Spy (1971), Feelings (1974), The Stud (1978) and The World Is Full of Married Men (1979). She also featured in several British television commercials, notably as The Avon Lady.

After ten years working in British theatre and television, Gilpin moved to Los Angeles. Her first role there was in Anne Sexton's Transformations at the Coronet Theatre. She also began to take roles in TV and film. She performed in Steven Berkoff's Greek at the Matrix Theatre and the ensemble won the BATCC Award. She co-produced and appeared in the LA premiere of Jean Reynolds' Dance With Me, which was nominated for an LADCC for ensemble.

Since the 1980s, Gilpin has mainly worked as a voice actress on more than 200 projects. She worked regularly on Max Steel. More recently, she has featured as a voice actor in video games, including Neverwinter Nights and James Bond 007: Nightfire. In particular, she has worked regularly for Bethesda Softworks, and can be heard in such games as The Elder Scrolls Online and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim as Elenwen, Boethiah, and Meridia. She is also featured in Dragon Age II as the character Meredith, Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars, in King's Quest as Pillare and Merlwyb Bloefhiswyn in the English version of Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn, credited as Jean Elizabeth0. She also voiced Sangheili character Makhee 'Chava in Halo 5: Guardians and voiced Amanra in Age of Mythology and its sequels.

Gilpin voiced a computer called Stacie in the film Nuclear Hurricane in 2007. She also voiced Mother Helen and various characters in 2011's Dead Island, credited as Elizabeth Gilpin, and voiced The Mother in Dying Light: The Following in 2016. She provided a vocal cameo in the 2021 film Dune as an Ancestral Bene Gesserit.

References

External links

1950s births
Living people
Actresses from London
Alumni of the University of Bristol
English television actresses
English voice actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)

Jean Gilpin


Peter Edwards (1934 – 2017) and Gunvor Edwards (1934 – 2014) were two Swedish-English impressionistic artists who illustrated several of The Railway Series books by the Rev. W. Awdry from 1963 to 1972. Gunvor died at the age of 80 on 23 April 2014 form dementia, and Peter died at the age of 83 on 3 April 2017 from cancer.

Railway Series books
They illustrated the books:

Stepney the "Bluebell" Engine
Mountain Engines
Very Old Engines
Main Line Engines
Small Railway Engines
Enterprising Engines
Oliver the Western Engine
Duke the Lost Engine
Tramway Engines

The Railway Series books

After John T. Kenney resigned from the Railway Series due to failing eyesight, editor Eric Marriot decided to ask Swedish-born artist Gunvor Edwards to see whether she would try her hand at some illustrations for the latest book, Stepney the "Bluebell" Engine. Gunvor accepted the commission and decided to start well into the book with the illustration of the Diesel standing alongside the other engines in their shed.

However, Gunvor had difficulty with the small space she was required to work with (about ten by six inches) and soon realised that duplicating the work of previous illustrators was not going to be easy. So, she turned to her husband, Peter, who was, as he put it, "trying to be a 'serious' artist". And although he was no more able to imitate earlier work in the Railway Series any better than his wife, both Marriot and the Reverend W. Awdry were satisfied with his pictures. Although Edwards' style was more impressionistic than that of any previous Railway Series artist, Wilbert liked his work because he drew from life and "obviously had an affection for the characters".

Inspiration

Edwards often went on location to sketch real locomotives and landscapes to get inspiration for illustrations. "At a time in our life", said Edwards, "of short funds and few breaks, the family had an excuse to explore the Welsh Coast, Lakeland, Cornwall and Devon, Sussex and Kent with a steam trip to cap it all!" This kind of dedication impressed the author; as he recalled, "Peter was so keen on getting authentic drawings of the locomotives that he went down to Llanberis in January to visit workshops of the Snowdon Mountain Railway".

Working life

Edwards continued as illustrator up until 1972 with the publication of the final book in the series, Tramway Engines. He even illustrated the "Surprise Packet" in 1971 at a time when Awdry had writer's block. Peter also did the box art for the 1965 Meccano Percy set. It is thought that his illustrations were of some inspiration to Edgar Hodges in his illustrations of the 1979 and 1980 annuals.

Peter Edwards often worked for the Central Office of Information as an illustrator and sculptor.

Peter worked with museum and exhibition designer Neal Potter on several projects including the British Pavilion at Expo'85 in Japan, London's Museum of the Moving Image and the Root Zone at the RHS Garden at Wisley.

Sources

The Railway Series illustrators
English illustrators
Swedish illustrators

Peter and Gunvor Edwards


Into the Storm (1997) is Tom Clancy's first book in his study of command series. Clancy traces the organizational success story of the U.S. Army's rise since the Vietnam War.

It is also a partial biography of General Frederick M. Franks, Jr., who is considered to be a military visionary and a distinguished combat commander, famous for having led the Gulf War coalition VII Corps in the highly successful "Left Hook" maneuver against fourteen Iraqi divisions of the Iraqi Republican Guard, forcing a retreat with fewer than 100 American casualties lost to enemy action — a feat unmatched in modern warfare.

The book also describes the transformation of the U.S. Army, traumatized by the Vietnam War, and Franks' devastating loss of a leg in that war. Franks became the first amputee active-duty general since the American Civil War.

The book is mostly written by Tom Clancy with sections where he uses General Franks' own words.

External links
Booknotes interview with Clancy and Franks on Into the Storm, July 13, 1997, C-SPAN

Books by Tom Clancy
1997 non-fiction books
G. P. Putnam's Sons books
Non-fiction books about the United States Army

Into the Storm: On the Ground in Iraq


Konstantin Fyodorovich Chelpan () (27 May 1899 – 10 March 1938) was a prominent Soviet engineer of Greek background. Head of the Engineering Design Bureau of the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory, chief designer of the T-34 tank engine. Awarded the Order of Lenin, he was politically repressed and executed under a mass persecution ordered by Joseph Stalin, but politically rehabilitated after death.

Early life and education

Born on 27 May 1899 in Cherdakly, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire (now Kremenivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine),  to Fyodor Myhailovich Chelpan and Elizaveta Khalangot.  Both parents were Greeks.

After graduating from Mariupol Realschule in 1919, took part in the Russian Civil War. In 1924 graduated with honors from Kharkiv Technological Institute with a Major in Internal Combustion Engines.

Career

From 1924 to 1937 Chelpan worked at the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory  as a Designer, Head of the Diesel Department, Lead Designer, and Head of the Engineering Design Bureau.  In 1928–1929 had practical training in Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.

Konstantin Chelpan was the head designer of the famous T-34 tank diesel engine V-2, for which he was awarded the Order of Lenin.  The engine consisted of lightweight aluminum alloy.

From 1927 he was a senior lecturer at Kharkiv Technological Institute.

Arrest and death

Konstantin Chelpan was arrested on 15 December 1937 during the first days of the Greek Operation of NKVD.  He was charged with leading a Greek nationalist counter-revolutionary organization, as well as conspiring to sabotage the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory.  After being interrogated and tortured he confessed to being a spy.  On 4 February 1938 he was sentenced to execution by shooting.  The sentence was carried out in  Kharkiv prison on 10 March 1938  and covered up.  In a few years his wife received a death certificate, indicating that Konstantin Chelpan died on 16 May 1942 from congestive heart failure.

On 6 August 1956 Konstantin Chelpan was rehabilitated by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.  However only in 1988 was his true cause of death revealed.

Commemoration
 In 1994 one of the streets in the village of Cherdakly was named after Konstantin Chelpan.
 In 2000 a book entitled Life story of famous Ukrainian Greeks. The case of Konstantin Chelpan by G. Zakharova was published.
 In 2001 a commemorative plaque was placed on the house, where Konstantin Chelpan had spent his last years.

References

1899 births
1938 deaths
People from Donetsk Oblast
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Soviet engineers
20th-century Russian engineers
Soviet inventors
20th-century Russian scientists
Great Purge victims from Ukraine
Greek people executed by the Soviet Union
Ukrainian people of Greek descent
Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute alumni
Soviet people of Greek descent
Soviet rehabilitations
People of the Russian Civil War

Konstantin Chelpan