Rebbeca Marie Gomez (born March 2, 1997), known professionally as Becky G, is an American singer and actress. She is known for her versatility in music, recorded songs and albums spawning several genres. She has won numerous accolades, including two American Music Awards, an iHeartRadio Music Awards, nine Latin American Music Awards, plus the honorable Extraordinary Evolution Award, and received nominations for an Billboard Music Awards, and five Latin Grammy Awards. She received the Impact Award at the Billboard Women in Music. Gomez launched her cosmetics company Treslúce Beauty in 2021.

She first gained recognition in 2011 when she began posting videos of herself covering popular songs online. One of her videos caught the attention of record producer Dr. Luke, who subsequently offered her a record deal with Kemosabe Records in a joint venture with RCA Records. While working on her debut effort, Gomez collaborated with artists will.i.am, Cody Simpson and Cher Lloyd. In 2013, she released her debut commercial single, "Becky from the Block", to positive reception. Later that year, she released her debut extended play, Play It Again. Her second single, "Can't Get Enough", featured guest vocals from Pitbull and went on to top the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart in the United States. Gomez achieved mainstream success with the release of "Shower", that same year, which went on to enter the top twenty of the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The single would go on to receive a multi platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting two million units sold in the country. She embarked on a co-headlining tour with J Balvin during September and October 2015, spanning throughout the United States. She portrayed Valentina Galindo in two episodes of the musical television series Empire, contributing two new songs to the show's soundtrack. She released her first full-Spanish song "Sola" in 2016. In 2018, Gomez released "Zooted" featuring French Montana and Farruko, as her first English-language song in three years. In 2019, she dropped several singles in both languages. Her success has led her to collaborate with artists such as Daddy Yankee, Zayn, Christina Aguilera and David Guetta.

Gomez's debut studio album Mala Santa (2019), debuted at number 85 in the US Billboard 200, was certified 7× platinum by the RIAA Latin, debuted at number three in the Top Latin Albums, and spawned the two Billboard Hot Latin Songs top-ten entries: "Mayores" and "Sin Pijama". Her second studio album Esquemas (2022), debuted at number 92 in the US, including number five on the Top Latin Albums, and debuted at number one in the Latin Pop Albums; its third single, "Mamiii", became her highest-charting single in the US. Her third studio album Esquinas (2023), debuted at number 109 in the US, including number seven in the Top Latin Albums and debuted at number three in the Regional Mexican Albums.

Life and career

1997–2011: Early life and career beginnings
Rebbeca Marie Gomez was born in Inglewood, California, the oldest of four children, to Mexican American parents Alejandra "Alex" (née Esquivias) and Francisco "Frank" Gomez. All four of her grandparents are from Jalisco, Mexico, while her parents and most of her family were born in the United States. Gomez has two brothers, and a younger sister. In December 2017, she revealed she has a half-sister. Gomez grew up in Moreno Valley, and at the age of nine her family lost their home and moved into the converted garage of her grandparents' house due to financial problems. Gomez began working part-time jobs to help support her family, doing commercials and voice over work. She had what she described as a "mid-life crisis" when she was nine years old, and decided she wanted to pursue a music career. She was quoted as stating: She initially attended public school, though had to undergo home schooling due to issues with bullying. She claimed that at one point she was jumped by multiple girls while in the restroom, and was a frequent target due to her jobs in the entertainment industry.

Gomez appeared in the short film El Tux (2008) as Claudia Gómez and as Nina in the Discovery Channel television film La estación de la Calle Olvera (2008). She became a member of a girl group named G.L.A.M. in 2009, and later joined B.C.G., a duo with G.L.A.M. member Cristal G.  She filmed a music video as part of G.L.A.M. for a song titled "JellyBean" in 2009. During this time, Gomez also began recording herself singing and rapping songs using Garageband, and created a YouTube account to post covers of popular songs online. She also began writing her own songs, and by the age of thirteen had taught herself how to play guitar. Gomez befriended production duo The Jam when she was thirteen, who liked Gomez's written work. The trio began working on material together, resulting in the covers of six songs: "Otis", uploaded to YouTube on September 15, 2011, "Lighters", released on October 13, "Novacane", released on October 27, "Take Care", uploaded on March 1, 2012, "Boyfriend", released on March 30, and the song "Turn the Music Up", a sample of "Mi Tierra", uploaded on July 18. These songs were meant to be part of a mixtape, titled @itsbeckygomez, though this project never came to fruition. Her cover of "Otis" caught the attention of producer Dr. Luke, who had worked with artists including Britney Spears and Miley Cyrus, among others. Luke scheduled a meeting with Gomez, and asked her to play guitar for him; he later signed her to his Kemosabe Records record label, through RCA Records. In reference to her video clip for "Otis", Luke claimed "I would have signed her off that video alone. I was 100 percent in. She has so much personality and her voice just pops out of the speakers. Then I met her and discovered she could also sing and play the guitar and I thought, 'This is even better.' Then I found out she could write and it was like, 'What else are you going to tell me, that you're also Van Gogh?' Her potential is limitless." Shortly after signing with the label, Gomez began work on her debut album.

2012–2015: Commercial success with music and acting

In August, while working on her debut album, Gomez released her first song, "Problem", featuring will.i.am, which was subsequently remixed into "Problem (The Monster Remix)" in September, for the Sony Pictures Animation film Hotel Transylvania; the song served as a promotional single and also appeared in the movie's end credits. Gomez and will.i.am filmed a music video for the song; it features Gomez wandering around a hotel with wil.i.am walking out of the walls while scenes from the movie also appear. She was featured on Australian singer Cody Simpson's song "Wish U Were Here", serviced as the second single from his debut studio album on August 7. She worked with British singer Cher Lloyd on the song "Oath", originally written by Gomez, released on October 2 as the fourth single from her debut album. The single had some commercial success, becoming Gomez's first song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. The track was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of 500,000 copies in the country. She also worked with Brazilian singer Michel Teló on a remix of his cover of the song "Ai Se Eu Te Pego", released on his UK EP on October 14. Four days later, Gomez uploaded a cover of American singer Kesha's top ten single "Die Young" on YouTube; portions of it were used in the official remix of the song which also featured American rappers Juicy J and Wiz Khalifa, and was included on the Japanese deluxe edition of Kesha's second studio album, Warrior released the same year.

On April 8, 2013, Gomez released "Becky from the Block" as her official debut single. The song is a cover of American singer-actress Jennifer Lopez's 2003 single "Jenny from the Block". Gomez filmed a music video in her neighborhood, with Lopez herself making a cameo in the clip. Entertainment Tonight described the version to have "give[n] Jenny's NY-based tune a West Coast slant". Later, on May 6, Gomez released a new song, "Play It Again", for digital download. The track served as a promotional single, and was not an official single released by Gomez. On July 13, Gomez released her debut extended play, also titled Play It Again. The album contained five songs on the standard edition, and its name was chosen by Gomez's fans. Gomez later filmed a music video for the song "Built For This", released on November 13, which she directed on her own. In October 2013 she confirmed that she was already recording her debut album. "Cant Get Enough", which features a guest rap from American rapper Pitbull, was serviced as the lead single from Play It Again, released on June 4, 2014. The song went on to top the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart in the United States, marking her first number one single on a Billboard chart. Spanglish and Spanish versions for "Play It Again" and "Can't Get Enough" were released to digital platforms in their respective years. Gomez performed the former on the 2013 Premios Juventud ceremony, where she was also nominated for "Revelación Juvenil" (Young Revelation). She recorded the song "Quiero Bailar (All Through the Night)" (2013) with Mexican DJ trio 3Ball MTY, which sees Gomez rapping and singing in both English and Spanish. The song was used for their second studio album Globall.

Gomez released the song, "Shower" as the initial lead single from her then upcoming English debut studio album on April 23, 2014. The song proved to be a success for Gomez, reaching number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States. The song achieved chart success in numerous other countries as well, most notably reaching number eleven in both Australia and Sweden. The single went on to receive a multi platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting two million units sold in the country. "Can't Stop Dancin'" was serviced as the next single from the album on November 4. The song failed to match the success of her prior single, peaking at number 88 on the Hot 100.

Gomez opened for Demi Lovato and Katy Perry on select dates of their Demi and Prismatic world tours (2014–15) in both the United States and Mexico. Gomez featured on the song "Como Tú No Hay Dos" by Mexican singer-actress Thalía, released on January 7, 2015. On March 3, she released a remix with Colombian reggaeton singer J Balvin for "Can't Stop Dancin". she released a song titled "Lovin So Hard" on April 1, along with a music video consisting of homemade footage of Gomez and Austin Mahone, whom she briefly dated. On June 26, Gomez debuted a song titled "We Are Mexico" in solidarity with the Latin community in response to Donald Trump's remarks against illegal Mexican immigrants. She also performed at a tribute concert for the late Mexican-American singer Jenni Rivera. Gomez appeared as Valentina Galindo in two episodes of Empire, performing the singles "Do It" and "New, New" for the show's soundtrack. She released the song, "Break a Sweat" on August 20, the fourth single to be released from her then-album. Gomez embarked on a co-headlining tour with Balvin beginning on September 23 and ending on October 25; the tour spanned across the United States.  She later collaborated with Dutch DJs Yellow Claw on the songs "Wild Mustang" and "For the Thrill" from their album Blood For Mercy. She released "You Love It" on October 30, as a promotional single prior to the release of her debut album. That same day, Gomez was cast as Trini in the film Power Rangers (2017).

2016–2018: Crossover to Latin music and films

Gomez traveled to Vancouver, Canada, to film Power Rangers. Filming occurred from February 29 to May 28, 2016. Gomez collaborated once more with Pitbull on the song "Superstar". The song served as the official anthem for the Copa América Centenario. Gomez decided to move to Spanish music in 2016, changing the course in her music career to the Latin music market. On June 24, 2016, Gomez released the single "Sola". The song serves as her first to be sung solely in Spanish and was planned to be the lead single from her then-upcoming Spanish debut album. The song achieved success on Spanish radio, reaching number twenty-four on the Latin Pop Songs chart in the United States. She featured alongside Puerto Rican singer Yandel in American rapper Lil Jon's single "Take It Off", released on July 22, alongside its music video; a Spanglish version was released the same day. On October 7, Gomez released "Mangú", her second Spanish song and follow-up to her single "Sola", after its premiere at the Latin American Music Awards. Gomez won the category for "Favorite Pop-Rock Female Artist" at the ceremony.

Gomez was featured on American producers Play-N-Skillz's both Spanglish and English remake versions of the 1994 song "Si Una Vez" by late Tejano singer Selena, alongside Mexican-American singer Frankie J and American rapper Kap G. The singles were released on February 24 and April 7, 2017, respectively. On February 20, Gomez teased the release of her single, "Todo Cambio", after posting a photo of herself wearing a wedding dress on social media. The song was released on March 3, although its music video was filmed in Spain in 2016. On March 24, Power Rangers was released, marking Gomez's feature film debut. She received public attention after it was revealed that her character, Trini, is queer, being the first film superhero to be from the LGBT community. She collaborated with Argentine singer Axel, on the single "Que Nos Animemos", which was released on June 30, as part of his album Ser.

On July 14, Gomez released the single "Mayores", with Puerto Rican rapper Bad Bunny, alongside a music video. Gomez stated that "Mayores" will mark the beginning of a "new era". The song was a commercial success, reaching number one in Mexico, Spain, Romania, and nine Latin American countries, while reaching the top 10 in several others. It peaked at number three on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart and 74 on the Hot 100 chart, while also receiving a 46x platinum by the RIAA's Latin field. Its music video reached 100 million views in one month and has achieved over 2 billion since 2021. The song won for the Favorite Urban Song at the Latin American Music Awards, and was nominated for the Top Latin Song at the Billboard Music Awards. On September 8, Gomez was featured on the song "Todo Lo Que Quiero" from Yandel's fourth solo studio album #Update. On September 21, it was confirmed that Gomez would be the opening act for American girl group Fifth Harmony, for the Latin American leg of their PSA Tour, with shows in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. During the group's performance in Argentina, Gomez was pulled off the stage by security after being confused for a fan when attempting to cover member Dinah Jane with the country's flag when her outfit was ripping apart. Gomez joined Dominican-American singer and long-time friend Leslie Grace on the song "Díganle", released on September 28, which was remixed a year later with vocals from Latin boy band CNCO. Gomez also collaborated with American violinist Lindsey Stirling as the featured vocalist on the track "Christmas C'mon", from Stirling's Christmas album, Warmer in the Winter, released on October 20. On October 26, she hosted along with Mexican actor Diego Boneta the Latin American Music Awards 2017 in Los Angeles, California.

On February 9, 2018, Venezuelan duo Mau y Ricky released a remix of their song "Mi Mala" with Colombian singer Karol G featuring Gomez, Grace and Argentine singer Lali. On the 16th of the same month, Jamaican rapper Sean Paul and French DJ David Guetta released the single "Mad Love" also featuring Gomez, which was co-written by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira and included on the EP Mad Love the Prequel. On March 16, Spanish singer Ana Mena released the single "Ya Es Hora" with Gomez and American singer De La Ghetto. On April 20, Gomez released the single "Sin Pijama" with Dominican singer Natti Natasha, alongside a music video. The song became another commercial success, peaking at number one in Bolivia, Chile, Dominican Republic, El Salvador and Spain, reaching the top 10 of several countries in South America, peaking at number four on the Hot Latin Songs chart and at number 70 on the U.S. It received a Latin platinum certification in the U.S and reached 100 million views within three weeks of release; it has since achieved a 36x platinum certification and reached over 2 billion views on YouTube, being the most-viewed female collaboration on the platform. The song won for the Urban Song of the Year and Urban Collaboration of the Year at the Lo Nuestro Awards, and won for the International Artist Song and International Artist Video at the Premios Tu Música Urbano. On April 27, Gomez was featured in a remix of "Dura" by Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee, alongside Bad Bunny and Natasha. They premiered the song as a surprise performance at the Billboard Latin Music Awards. On June 15, Mau y Ricky released the song "Mal de la Cabeza" with Gomez, as a track from their album Para Aventuras y Curiosidades; its title derives from the first line in the song. Gomez returned to the English-speaking market after three years with the release of "Zooted" featuring Moroccan-American rapper French Montana and Puerto Rican rapper Farruko, which was made available for download on July 20. On August 2, Gomez released the single "Cuando Te Besé" with Argentine rapper Paulo Londra. It was certified 2x Latin platinum in the United States and is the first song to go number one on the Argentina Hot 100 chart. A week later, Gomez starred in the sci-fi adventure film A.X.L., which was filmed in late 2017; the movie received negative reviews from critics and, like Power Rangers, was a box-office disappointment. Gomez starred in the lead role in the animated fantasy film Gnome Alone, alongside Josh Peck; it was originally slated for release in theaters, but was only released in Latin America, Europe and Asia in April 2018. It was made available in Netflix on October of the same year. Gomez was honored by The Latin Recording Academy as one of the Leading Ladies of Entertainment. On October 19, Mexican singer Joss Favela released the single "Pienso en Ti" with Gomez, which features Regional Mexican, her first song in the genre. Later that month, Spanish singer C. Tangana released the song "Booty" with Gomez. The song peaked at number 3 in Spain and became the 93rd best-selling song in Spain in only two months. "Booty" was also certified double platinum in Spain and platinum in the United States. Its music video was nominated for Best Music Video at the 2020 Premios Odeón. On October 25, 2018, Gomez, Mexican singer Gloria Trevi, Grace, Puerto Rican actress Roselyn Sánchez and Mexican actress Aracely Arámbula hosted the Latin American Music Awards 2018 in Los Angeles, California. Gomez featured in "Lost in the Middle of Nowhere" from American singer Kane Brown's second album, Experiment. She featured on Puerto Rican producers DJ Luian and Mambo Kingz's single "Bubalu" featuring Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA and American singer Prince Royce. The single was released on November 6, 2018, and became a Top 30 hit on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the US, and has since been certified 21x platinum by the RIAA's Latin field. On December 21, Gomez was featured in a remix of "Mala Mía" by Colombian singer Maluma, alongside Brazilian singer Anitta.

2019–2021: Mala Santa
On January 18, 2019, Gomez officially made her return to English music with the release of "LBD", along with its lyric video. On March 1, Gomez performed a series of shows in Chile, starting with a headlining set at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival festival in Viña del Mar. On March 22, she released her next single "Green Light Go" to digital download and streaming. Gomez embarked on her self-titled tour, visiting Spanish-speaking countries. On March 28, Kane Brown released a Spanish version of "Lost in the Middle of Nowhere" with Gomez, along with a music video, and a behind-the-scenes clip with the English version. Gomez featured on Anitta's single "Banana", released on April 5, 2019. On April 19, Gomez released the single "La Respuesta" with Maluma. On April 26, Gomez released the single "Next to You" with British DJ Digital Farm Animals and Jamaican producer Rvssian. "Un Mundo Ideal", a bilingual version of "A Whole New World", was performed by English singer Zayn Malik and Gomez for the soundtrack to the 2019 remake of Aladdin. The song was released on May 17, 2019. On May 24, Gomez with Digital Farm Animals and Rvssian released a remix of "Next to You" featuring Nigerian-American singer Davido. On June 28, Colombian group ChocQuibTown released the single "Que Me Baile" with Gomez. She collaborated with Puerto Rican rapper Myke Towers on the song "Dollar" which was released on July 10. On July 12, Puerto Rican rapper Guaynaa released a remix of his song "Rebota" with American singer Nicky Jam and Farruko featuring Gomez and Panamanian singer Sech. On September 6, Senegalese-American singer Akon released "Cómo No" featuring Gomez, as the lead single from his album El Negreeto. On September 13, Gomez released the single "Secrets". On September 20, American rapper Saweetie released "My Type (Latin Remix)" featuring Gomez and Dominican rapper Meliii. On September 27, she featured on South Korean rapper J-Hope's song "Chicken Noodle Soup". The song contains lyrics in Spanish, English, and Korean, written by both in their respective languages. The music video for the song featured 50 dancers of different nationalities. That same day, she appeared on Pitbull's eleventh studio album Libertad 548, on the track "Mala".

Gomez announced her debut studio album Mala Santa on October 8, 2019, calling it a "new era". She released title track as the fifth single on October 11, along with a visual released on YouTube. Mala Santa was released on October 17, 2019. The record includes new collaborations with Sech, Puerto Rican rapper Darell, Mau y Ricky, American singer Dalex, Puerto Rican duo Zion & Lennox and Farruko; each track had visuals which were released on YouTube on the same day of the album, except the previously released singles. She performed "Dollar" with Towers at the Latin American Music Awards the same day, and later performed a medley of "Mayores", "Sin Pijama" and "Mala Santa", after which Gomez was awarded the Extraordinary Evolution Award for her evolving work in a short span of years. The album received acclaim from music critics and debuted in the top five of the Billboard Top Latin Albums and 85 of the Billboard 200.

On November 3, she hosted in the 2019 MTV Europe Music Awards in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. On November 10, Gomez was part of the song "Giants", as Qiyana, by virtual hip-hop group True Damage in League of Legends for the 2019 World Championship. On the same day, she was part of its live performance for the opening ceremony of the finals.

On January 31, 2020, Mexican pop singer Carlos Rivera released the single "Perdiendo la Cabeza" with Gomez and Puerto Rican singer Pedro Capó. On March 20, Gomez was featured in a remix of "Boys Ain't Shit" by Australian singer Saygrace. On April 13, Gomez released the single "They Ain't Ready". On April 23, Cuban reggaeton duo Gente de Zona released the single "Muchacha" with Gomez. On May 28, Mexican-American singer Chiquis and Gomez released the single "Jolene" a cumbia style Spanish-language cover of American singer Dolly Parton's song. On June 19, Gomez was featured on the song "Duro Hard" from American hip-hop group Black Eyed Peas Latin album Translation. On June 19, Spanish singer Abraham Mateo released the single "Tiempo Pa Olvidar" with Gomez. On July 10, Gomez released the single "My Man", and its video-game inspired music video features her and boyfriend Sebastian Lletget. On July 17, Pitbull released the remix to "Mala", with additional guest vocals from De La Ghetto. On September 3, Juhn released the single "Otro Día Lluvioso" with Puerto Rican singer Lenny Tavárez and Gomez featuring Dalex. On October 9, she was featured in a remix of "Latina" by Colombian singers Reykon and Maluma, alongside American rapper Tyga. On October 29, Gomez released the single "No Drama" with Puerto Rican singer Ozuna. On December 10, she was featured in a remix of "Qué Maldición" by Mexican group Banda MS and American rapper Snoop Dogg. On December 18, she was featured in a remix of "La Curiosidad" by Puerto Rican singers Jay Wheeler and Towers alongside American rapper Arcángel, Zion & Lennox, De La Ghetto and Puerto Rican rapper Brray.

On February 22, 2021, Gomez released the single "Rotate" with Nigerian singer Burna Boy. The song was used in Pepsi commercials featuring soccer players, including Lionel Messi On March, she made a cameo in Natasha's music video for "Las Nenas". On March 4, Puerto Rican rapper Kevvo released the single "Te Va Bien" with Arcángel and Gomez featuring Darell. On March 5, Gomez collaborated with Puerto Rican record producer Tainy and American singer Trevor Daniel on "F is For Friends" for The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run soundtrack. On April 14, American R&B and pop group Emotional Oranges released the single "Down to Miami" featuring Gomez. On April 20, Natasha released the single "Ram Pam Pam" with Gomez, as a single for both of their second studio albums. They premiered the song on American television on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on May 17, 2021. On June 4, Gomez released the single "Fulanito" in collaboration with Dominican rapper El Alfa. On July 15, Argentine rapper Khea released the single "Only One" with Gomez and American singer-songwriter Julia Michaels featuring Jamaican songwriter and producer Di Genius. On August 26, Argentine singer María Becerra released the single "Wow Wow" featuring Gomez, included on Becerra's studio album Animal. On September 10, Mexican singer Sofía Reyes released the single "Mal de Amores" with Gomez, as the lead single of Reyes's second studio album of the same name. On September 16, Play-N-Skillz released the single "Baila Así" with Gomez, Thalía and Chiquis. On October 22, American singer Christina Aguilera released the single "Pa Mis Muchachas" with Gomez and Argentine rapper Nicki Nicole, featuring Argentine singer Nathy Peluso, which served as the lead single from her EP, La Fuerza and part of her album Aguilera.
For her work on the album as a featured artist on the track, she was nominated for Album of the Year at the 23rd Annual Latin Grammy Awards. In November 2021, Gomez began hosting her own Facebook Watch talk show, titled Face to Face with Becky G. Her first guest was American singer Demi Lovato. On November 26, Gomez released song "Lo Que Yo Diga" from the Koati film soundtrack. On December 1, Gomez released the single "Bella Ciao".

2022–present: Esquemas and Esquinas

In February 2022, Gomez released "Mamiii" with Karol G as the third single from her second studio album. The song debuted at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaking at number one on the Hot Latin Songs, becoming Gomez highest-charting song. The song received nominations for the Favorite Latin Song at the American Music Awards, Hot Latin Song of the Year at the Billboard Latin Music Awards, Best Urban Song at the Latin Grammy Awards, Best Latin at the MTV Video Music Awards, and won for the Viral Anthem at the MTV MIAW Awards, Girl Power at the Premios Juventud, Collaboration of the Year at the Premios Tu Música Urbano, Latin Pop/Reggaeton Song of the Year at the iHeartRadio Music Awards, Song of the Year at the Latin American Music Awards, and Song of the Year at the Lo Nuestro Awards.

In March 2022, Gomez joined American singer Joe Jonas and American choreographer Sean Bankhead to serve as judges on the MTV & TikTok American music competition series Becoming a Popstar. On March 24, Gomez alongside Natasha were featured on the song "Zona del Perreo" from Daddy Yankee's last studio album Legendaddy. Gomez released "No Mienten" on April 20, as the fourth single from her second album. On April 28, Regional Mexican group Marca MP released the single "Ya Acabó" with Gomez. She released "Bailé Con Mi Ex" on May 10 as the album's fifth and final single along with its music video.  Gomez released her second studio album, Esquemas, on May 13. The album debuted at number 92 on the US Billboard 200, including number 5 on the Top Latin Albums and number 1 on the Latin Pop Albums. The record featured new collaborations with American-Venezuelan singer-songwriter Elena Rose and Guaynaa. The album was nominated for Latin Pop Album of the Year at the Billboard Latin Music Awards, Album of the Year and for Best Album – Pop at the Latin American Music Awards. Gomez starred alongside Machine Gun Kelly, Mod Sun, Dove Cameron and Megan Fox in the film Good Mourning, released on May 22. On July 6, Argentine singer Tini released the single "La Loto", a collaboration with Gomez and Anitta, which serves as the seventh single from Tini's fourth studio album Cupido. On July 10, she hosted with Mexican TikTok star Jimena Jiménez in the 2022 MTV Millennial Awards in Mexico City. On September 16, Gomez released the single "Amantes" with Spanish singer Daviles de Novelda, which features bachata music, her first song in the genre. On October 13, Gomez appeared alongside Colombian singer Greeicy, Becerra, and Tini on a remix of Rose's song "La Ducha". Gomez was also named to Forbes''' 30 Under 30 list in the music category.

On February 14, 2023, Mexican regional quartet Fuerza Regida released the single "Te Quiero Besar" with Gomez. On March 1, she received the Impact Award at the Billboard Women in Music event. On March 10, she released the single "Arranca" featuring Dominican singer Omega. On March 30, she released the single "Chanel" with Mexican singer Peso Pluma, as the first single for her regional Mexican album. The collaboration, co-written by the duo with Tito Laija and Grammy-winning producer Edgar Barrera, narrates the story of a failed relationship. On April 1, she opened the pinnacle event of the WWE, WrestleMania 39, performing "America the Beautiful". On April 14 and 21, Gomez performed at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. On May 9, Gomez announced her first headlining tour, titled Mi Casa, Tu Casa Tour. It is set to begin in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 14, and visit several cities in the United States. On May 12, she was featured in a remix of "I Ain't Worried" by American band OneRepublic. On June 2, Gomez released song "The Fire Inside" from the Flamin' Hot film soundtrack. On June 2, she released the song "Take It To The Top" with Nigerian singer Ayra Starr, from the deluxe edition of the American computer-animated superhero film Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse soundtrack. On June 28, Gomez released the single "La Nena" with Mexican singer Gabito Ballesteros, as the second single for her regional Mexican album. On July 20, Nigerian singer Kizz Daniel released the single "Cough" with Gomez. On August 16, Haitian DJ Michaël Brun released the single "Coming Your Way" with Gomez and English singer Anne-Marie. Gomez voices Khaji-Da, an entity inside Jaime Reyes' Scarab, in the DC Studios film Blue Beetle.

On August 25, Gomez announced her third studio album Esquinas, it was released on September 28, 2023. The album is Regional Mexican, her first in the genre, as a tribute to her grandparents, who emigrated from Mexico to the United States. The record, including the previously released singles, featured new collaborations with American regional Mexican music singer Iván Cornejo, American singer DannyLux, American trio Yahritza y su Esencia, and Mexican-American singers Ángela Aguilar and Leonardo Aguilar. Explaining its title, Gomez stated:

On September 14, Gomez released the single "Querido Abuelo". The single is dedicated to her grandfather who died in 2021. On September 28, a music video for the fourth single "2ndo Chance", which features Cornejo, was released on her YouTube channel. All the other tracks received visualizers. Esquinas debuted at number 109 on the US Billboard 200, at number 7 on the Top Latin Albums and number 3 on the Regional Mexican Albums charts, with 11,000 album equivalent units sold. In October, Gomez was honored with key to the city in Inglewood.

Artistry
Gomez is described as a hip hop, pop rap, pop, latin, and reggaeton artist. Her debut studio album is a Latin pop and reggaeton record, incorporating elements of Latin hip hop and urbano. Her second album followed close, although focusing more on dance-pop and R&B sounds. Her third studio album focused on Mexican Regional music, a nod to her Mexican roots. Gomez is known for her versatility, often collaborating with different artists from different genres, such as country, EDM, K-pop, funk, among others.

Gomez has cited late Tejano singer Selena, American singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, Mexican singer and actress Thalía, late Mexican American banda singer-songwriter Jenni Rivera, Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira, American singer Christina Aguilera, and Brazilian singer Anitta as influences.

Products and endorsements
Gomez began representing CoverGirl in July 2014. As the spokeswoman for the company, she filmed commercials to promote the brand and featured their products in her music videos. In December 2018, Gomez released a makeup collection called Salvaje with cosmetics brand ColourPop. In March 2021, Gomez collaborated with PrettyLittleThing, creating the Streetwear Pieces Collection. In June, Gomez launched her makeup line, Treslúce Beauty, which is distributed by Ulta Beauty as of March 2022. In 2023, Gomez collaborated with Patron Tequila. In June, Gomez joined swimwear brand Gonza as new creative director.

Personal life
Gomez dated American singer Austin Mahone from February to August in 2015. In June 2016, it was confirmed that Gomez was in a relationship with American professional soccer player Sebastian Lletget. The couple announced their engagement on December 9, 2022. Lleget apologized for cheating allegations in late March 2023. No further statements from either party has been issued.

While on tour with Fifth Harmony in October 2017, Gomez suffered an "out-of-control fan attack" while in Mexico City. Gomez took to Snapchat to speak about the incident and also revealed that she had been dealing with anxiety issues.

Achievements

Gomez has won an iHeartRadio Music Award, nine Latin American Music Awards, three Lo Nuestro Awards, and three People's Choice Awards. She has been nominated for a Billboard Music Award and six Latin Grammy Award.

Gomez was honored as one of the Leading Ladies of Entertainment by The Latin Recording Academy in 2018. In 2019, Gomez was awarded the Extraordinary Evolution Award for her evolving work in a short span of years. Gomez was named to Forbes 30 Under 30 list in the music category. In 2023, she received the Impact Award at the Billboard Women in Music event.

Discography

 Mala Santa (2019)
 Esquemas (2022)
 Esquinas (2023)

Filmography

ToursHeadlining Mi Casa, Tu Casa Tour (2023)Co-headlining tours La Familia Tour with J Balvin (2015) Opening act'''
 Demi Lovato – Demi World Tour (2014)
 Katy Perry – Prismatic World Tour (2014)
 Fifth Harmony – PSA Tour (2017)
 Enrique Iglesias – Enrique Iglesias and Pitbull Live! (2017)

References

External links

Living people
1997 births
21st-century American actresses
American child singers
American women hip hop musicians
American dance musicians
American women pop singers
American film actresses
American actresses of Mexican descent
American musicians of Mexican descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Child pop musicians
Hispanic and Latino American musicians
Singers from California
Actors from Inglewood, California
Musicians from Inglewood, California
Pop rappers
West Coast hip hop musicians
Spanish-language singers of the United States
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
American Latin pop singers
People from Moreno Valley, California
Hispanic and Latino American women singers
Hispanic and Latino American actresses
Women in Latin music
RCA Records artists
Sony Music Latin artists
Latin music songwriters
Wives and girlfriends of association football players

Becky G


User Interface Privilege Isolation (UIPI) is a technology introduced in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 to combat shatter attack exploits. By making use of Mandatory Integrity Control, it prevents processes with a lower "integrity level" (IL) from sending messages to higher IL processes (except for a very specific set of UI messages).

Window messages are designed to communicate user action to processes. However, they can be used to run arbitrary code in the receiving process' context. This could be used by a malicious low-privilege processes to run arbitrary code in the context of a higher-privilege process, which constitutes an unauthorized privilege escalation. By restricting the ability of lower-privileged processes to send window messages to higher-privileged processes, UIPI can mitigate these kinds of attacks.

UIPI, and Mandatory Integrity Control more generally, is a security feature but not a security boundary.

Microsoft Office 2010 uses UIPI for its Protected View sandbox to prohibit potentially unsafe documents from modifying components, files, and other resources on a system.

References

Windows Vista
Microsoft Windows security technology

User Interface Privilege Isolation


Apparent weight is the weight that an object seems to have on a scale or when supported by a surface. It is not the same as the actual weight of the object, which is determined by the force of gravity. Apparent weight can change depending on the situation. For example, if you are in an elevator that is moving up or down, your apparent weight will be different from your actual weight. This is because the elevator is accelerating, which means it is changing its speed or direction. When the elevator accelerates, it creates an additional force on you that either adds to or subtracts from the force of gravity. This changes the normal force, which is the force that the surface exerts on you to balance the force of gravity. The normal force is what you feel as your apparent weight.

Physics

Apparent weight


Solarman is a fictional comic book superhero that first appeared in 1979, published by Pendulum Press, and then starred in a self-titled two-issue series from Marvel Comics in 1989. Solarman was revived as a title by Scout Comics in 2016. The character was originally created by David Oliphant and Deborah Kalman.

The character is unrelated to other heroes named Solarman, such as the character who appeared in Wham Comics #2 (Centaur Comics, Nov. 1940), the character who appeared in two issues of Superman in 1976, or the Savage Dragon in 2006.

Publication history

Pendulum Press
Solarman was created in the late 1970s by David Oliphant and Deborah Kalman. Oliphant was the founder and CEO of Pendulum Press, a children's educational publishing company responsible for the Illustrated Classics and Contemporary Motivators series, as well as licensed titles such as Star Wars. The character Solarman was created in response to the 1970s energy crisis as part of an energy awareness program to educate children about alternative fuels. Solarman was Davos, an alien from the Sun. Pendulum's Pendulum Illustrated Original series produced three issues of Solarman:
 Solarman #1: The Beginning (1979) — written by David Oliphant and M. Barbara O'Brien; "adapted" by Linda A. Cadrain and an uncredited artist
 Solarman #2: Day or Nite (1980) — written by David Oliphant and illustrated by Dick Giordano
 Solarman: At the Earth's Core (1980)

Marvel Comics
Years later, Marvel Comics writer/editor Stan Lee and then-Marvel president Jim Galton contacted Oliphant with the suggestion of publishing a Solarman book through Marvel. Oliphant, Lee, and Margaret Loesch created a new version of Solarman: his secret identity is a teenager named Ben Tucker who aspires to be a comic book artist, and whose adversary is an alien warlord named "Gormagga Kraal." Written by Lee and illustrated by Jim Mooney, this version of Solarman debuted in 1989, and lasted two issues. In 1992 a 22-minute animated Solarman pilot was also produced, based on the Marvel Comics version.

Scout Comics
Decades later, Oliphant and Kalman decided to revamp and reintroduce the character as a Black superhero, and chose Scout Comics as the publisher. Scout Comics' owner Brendan Deneen reached out to writer/editor Joe Illidge to co-write a new Solarman series with Oliphant, and to edit it. Illidge hired N. Steven Harris (whom he had known since their days at Manhattan's School of Visual Arts) to be the artist on the series, Andrew Dalhouse as the color artist, and Marshall Dillon as the letterer.

Although likeable, writer Illidge characterizes this version of Tucker as "arrogant and angry," one who engages in hacking because he has a chip on his shoulder, and who during the debut storyline, gains superhuman abilities through some type of incident, after which he becomes a fugitive from both a government division and aliens with vested interest in the source of Tucker's powers. According to Deneen, this version of Solarman will incorporate modernized elements from the Marvel version. Harris, who designed the character's look, had never heard of the character until around the time of his hiring, and had not seen his previous appearances, and based his design on images of real people that he and Illidge felt fit the look of a frustrated computer hacker.

Fictional character biography

Pendulum Press
Solarman is an alien from the Sun who in his secret identity is a professional baseball player for the Los Angeles Dodgers.

Marvel Comics
Solarman is teenager Benjamin Tucker, who dreams of becoming an artist for Marvel Comics even though his Los Angeles gym-owner father wants him to become a jock. A blue-skinned alien cyborg warlord named Commander Gormagga Kraal tries to use his technology to drain the energy from Earth's sun, but his white-bearded head scientist, Sha-han, refuses and flees to Earth with Kraal's Circlet of Power, which he gives to Ben along with a helpful little robot the boy dubs Beepie.

Thereafter, Ben can expose the Circlet (which is worn on his wrist like a bracelet and cannot be removed) to sunlight and transform into the golden-haired adult Solarman who possesses superhuman strength, is capable of supersonic flight and survival in deep space and can control light, heat, and other forms of energy, although his weakness is that his powers would fade without constant exposure to sunlight, causing him to revert to his powerless teenage form.

Scout Comics
Ben Tucker is a bullied, biracial teenager living in Brooklyn's East New York neighborhood, with his police officer father, as his mother is deceased. He uses his skills to expose the illegal dealings of white collar criminals and corrupt politicians.

In other media
In 1988 a 22-minute animated Solarman pilot was also produced by Marvel Productions, which Oliphant maintained ownership of, since he supplied over $400,000 for its production, with Marvel acting as a licensee. It was released on VHS as a cross promotion tie-in with the first issue of Marvel Comics' adaptation. The pilot finally aired on October 24, 1992, as a special on Fox Kids, a week prior to the debut of the X-Men animated series. According to Oliphant, a major studio offered $15 million to create 64 animated episodes of Solarman, but the studio cancelled this offer soon after on the advice of their consultants, who cautioned that Saturday morning superhero cartoons would soon die out in popularity.

References

External links

Fictional characters introduced in 1979
Marvel Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
Marvel Comics mutates
Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics superheroes
Marvel Comics titles

Solarman


The East European Plain (or the Russian Plain) is a vast plain in Eastern Europe, an integral part of the European Plain.

It extends from the coast of the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains, from the Barents and White Seas to the Black, Azov and Caspian. In the northwest it is bounded by the Scandinavian Mountains, in the southwest by the Sudetenland and other mountains of central Europe, in the southeast by the Caucasus, and in the west the Vistula River serves as the conditional boundary of the plain.

It is one of the largest plains in the world. The total length of the plain from north to south is about 2500 km, from west to east - about 2400 km.

Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova are completely located on the territory of the plain, partially - Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Finland, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria.

Geography of Europe

East European Plain


Richard John Philip Jermy Gwyn,  (May 26, 1934 – August 15, 2020) was a Canadian journalist, author, historian, and civil servant.

From 1957 to 1959, Gwyn was the parliamentary correspondent for United Press International, in Ottawa. Later in 1959 to 1960, he worked for Thomson Newspapers.

From 1960 to 1962, he was the Ottawa editor for Maclean-Hunter Business Publications. From 1962 to 1968, he worked for Time Canada as a parliamentary correspondent and contributing editor. From 1968 to 1970, he was the executive assistant to the Minister of Communications, Eric Kierans.

From 1970 to 1973, he was the director-general, socio-economic planning in the Department of Communications.

Gwyn died from Alzheimer's disease on August 15, 2020 at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Canadian journalists
Canadian historians
Canadian radio personalities
Political commentators

Richard Gwyn


Mad, Bad and Dangerous to Know is the second studio album by The Cross, released in 1990.

In contrast to debut Shove It, the album is a rock album and is a more collaborate effort with each band member contributing to the songwriting. Guitarist Clayton Moss sings lead vocals on "Better Things". It has been suggested that Roger Taylor contributed less to this album as he was busy promoting the Queen album The Miracle.

Following poor sales in the UK, the band were dropped by EMI.

Track listing
 "Top of the World, Ma" (Clayton Moss, Roger Taylor, Spike Edney, Peter Noone, Josh Macrae) – 3:31
 "Liar" (Noone) – 4:32
 "Closer to You" (Edney) – 3:15
 "Breakdown" (Noone) – 3:53
 "Penetration Guru" (Moss) – 3:45
 "Power to Love" (Macrae/Noone/Moss) – 4:03
 "Sister Blue" (Noone) – 4:13
 "Foxy Lady" (Jimi Hendrix) – 3:26 (CD version only)
 "Better Things" (Moss) – 2:45
 "Passion for Trash" (Macrae) – 2:35
 "Old Men (Lay Down)" (Taylor) – 4:52
 "Final Destination" (Taylor) – 3:36

Personnel
 Roger Taylor - lead & backing vocals, guitar
 Spike Edney - keyboards, mandolin, backing vocals
 Clayton Moss- lead guitar, backing vocals (lead vocals on "Better Things")
 Peter Noone- bass guitar, backing vocals
 Josh Macrae - drums, percussion, backing vocals

References

1990 albums
The Cross (band) albums

Mad, Bad and Dangerous to Know (The Cross album)


Ruxton Park is a park in Manitou Springs, El Paso County, Colorado at  in elevation. The Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway, which departs from the depot at  in elevation, climbs into Englemann Canyon along Ruxton Creek. It passes by the site of the Halfway Hotel and then Ruxton Park at mile marker 3 on the 8.9 mile trip to Pikes Peak summit.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, it was a small town established along Ruxton Creek near Iron Springs, Colorado (now Manitou Springs). Since 1925, it has been the site of a hydroelectric plant owned by the city of Colorado Springs and a weather station. Ruxton Park was only inhabited by a caretaker for the plant from 1930 to 2008, when the plant was fully automated.

History
In 1884, Thomas Palsgrove and his family lived in a cabin that was on a trail to the summit of Pike's Peak. They provided coffee and doughnuts as refreshments for hikers. He then began expansion of the cabin along Ruxton Creek that eventually was the Halfway Hotel with 22 rooms and was run by John Palsgrove by 1903.

Thomas and his brothers developed the site and in 1890 platted the streets for a town named Ruxton Park below the timber line where Ruxton and Sheep Creeks meet. Cabins were built on several sold lots.

The Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway was built in 1890, which brought tourists to the top of Pike's Peak beginning June 30, 1891. The first third of the trip is alongside Ruxton Creek. A stop was made at Ruxton Park where tourists could eat a meal at the "pleasant" Halfway Hotel.

Ruxton Park was described as an area of aspen trees, pine trees and flowers—surrounded by Pike's Peak, Mt. Rosa, Cameron's Cone and other peaks. Wealthy families from the western states had houses in the town where they sought the cooler mountain temperatures during the summers. The town had a "fancy tourist hotel", water tower, and post office.

In 1925, a water utility power plant was built for $16,866  and opened in Ruxton Park by the city of Colorado Springs. The stone hydroelectric plant generates electricity as Ruxton Creek flows into Manitou Springs from the mountain. A caretakers house was built in 1930 and from that time to 2008, nine Colorado Springs Utilities employees have lived there six months of the year, running the Ruxton Hydroelectric Plant and taking measurements for the National Weather Service. In 2008, the plant was fully automated. The city bought some of the town lots and maintained several houses, a garage, and storage buildings in Ruxton Park. The cabins are now part of the "rusted weather-beaten ruins" that remain. Although the power plant continues to operate, there is no longer a caretaker that lives in Ruxton Park. There are sometimes caretakers who oversee the reservoir who may stay in the house in Ruxton Park. It can be accessed via a hike or a  automobile trip over rough back roads.

Notes

References

External links

Manitou Springs, Colorado
Parks in El Paso County, Colorado
Former populated places in El Paso County, Colorado
Ghost towns in Colorado

Ruxton Park


Henri Louis Rougier, (28 October 1876 – July 1956) was a French sportsman, racing cyclist, pioneer aeroplane pilot and sporting motorist. He is best remembered for his victory in the inaugural Monte Carlo Rally when he drove his Turcat-Méry from Paris to Monte Carlo, but he was also a regular competitor in both 'City to City' and Grand Prix races.

On 18 November 1909 he was awarded Aviator's Certificate number 11 by the Aéro-Club de France. Throughout 1909 and 1910 he was a very successful competitor at Air shows and Grands Prix throughout Europe.

Rougier was a successful entrepreneur, owning the Paris agency for Turcat-Méry motor cars, and using his motor racing and rallying prowess to garner publicity. After World War I he manufactured a limited number of Rougier motor cars, based on Turcat-Méry chassis but with mechanical design improvements and exclusive coach-built bodies.

Rougier was appointed Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur, plus being awarded the Croix de Guerre and the 'Medal of Aeronautics'.

Family life
Rougier was born in Marseille, on 28 October 1876.

Motoring

Motor racing

Henri Rougier was the main dealer for Turcat-Méry motor vehicles, and like most other manufacturers he used racing and competition as both a technical development and publicity aid for marketing.

In May 1903 Rougier finished 11th overall in the Paris-Madrid race driving a 45-hp Turcat-Méry. He was also classified 9th in the heavy car class.

On 17 June 1904 Rougier competed in the Gordon Bennett Cup race in Germany driving a 45-hp Turcat-Méry. Kaiser Wilhelm II had decreed that the race start from Bad Homburg in the Taunus mountains. He finished in third place, taking 6 hours 46 minutes 31 seconds to complete the .

In 1905 Rougier competed in the Circuit des Ardennes at Bastogne. His Lorraine-Dietrich set the fastest lap of 68.51 mph.

In 1906 Rougier finished third in the Circuit des Ardennes at Bastogne, driving a Lorraine-Dietrich. His time was 5 hours 50 minutes 11 seconds. At the inaugural 1906 French Grand Prix he was unclassified, over 1 lap behind the winner.

In 1907 Rougier competed in the French Grand Prix at Dieppe, driving a Lorraine-Dietrich but retired on lap 5.

On 19 May 1908 Rougier competed in the Saint Petersburg-Moscow race driving a Lorraine-Dietrich but retired early. In the 1908 French Grand Prix at Dieppe, he retired on the first lap with magneto problems on his Lorraine-Dietrich.

In 1923 Rougier competed in the French Grand Prix at Tours, driving a 'Voisin Laboratoire' he retired after 19 laps. In the 1923 Italian Grand Prix at Monza he retired after 28 laps.

Monte Carlo rally
In 1909 the Automobile Club de Monaco (Sport Automobile Velocipedique Monégasque) started planning a car rally at the behest of Albert I, Prince of Monaco. The Monte Carlo Rally was to start at points all over Europe and converge on Monte Carlo. In January 1911 23 cars set out from 11 different locations and Rougier was among the nine who left Paris to cover a  route.

The event was won by Henri Rougier in a Turcat-Méry 25 Hp. The rally comprised both driving and then somewhat arbitrary judging based on the elegance of the car, passenger comfort and the condition in which it arrived in the principality. The outcry of scandal when the results were published changed nothing, so Rougier was proclaimed the first winner.

Motor manufacture

The Turcat-Méry motor manufacturing business began in 1895 when Alphonse Méry of Marseille bought a Panhard-Levassor and a Peugeot. His younger brother Simon Méry and his brother in law Léon Turcat, both engineers, decided to improve on both models with their own design, a 2.6-litre, four cylinder, five speed car with electric ignition, radiators at each end of the engine and two speeds in reverse. Thus in 1899, when the car was ready for sale, they founded Turcat-Méry & Cie.

They then established a partnership with Baron Adrien de Turckheim :fr:Adrien de Turckheim of the De Dietrich and Lorraine-Dietrich company, and produced cars whose slogan was The Car of the Connoisseur. Rougier became the Paris agent and chief publicist for both Turcat-Méry and Lorraine-Dietrich. The liaison with Lorraine-Dietrich lasted until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Turcat-Méry ceased production in 1928.

After World War I Rougier purchased a limited number of completed 1913/14 Turcat-Méry chassis which he then had reworked to improve the engines and four-wheel brakes using Henri Perrot's latest drum/shoe brake design.  The chassis were then bodied by coach-builders such as Million Guillet in Levallois-Perret Paris and the exclusive finished models were badged and registered as 'Rougier'.

Aviation

In 1909, Rougier learned to fly in a Voisin powered by a Gnome Omega engine. On 18 November 1909 he was awarded Aviator's Certificate number 11 by the Aéro-Club de France.  In September 1909 he won the prizes for distance and altitude at the Grand Prix of Berlin, while fellow Frenchman Hubert Latham won the prize for speed. The Grand Prix was the first aviation tournament held in Germany, having been triggered by the public enthusiasm for Orville Wright's demonstration flights at Templehoff and Potsdam in August 1909.

At the 1909 Air Show in Brescia, Italy in September Rougier again won the altitude prize, beating Glen Curtiss in the Curtiss No. 2. He also competed in the 1909 Air meetings at Frankfurt, Germany and Blackpool, England where he finished in second place. Then in Antwerp (Anvers) he won all the races.

At the Air Show in Heliopolis in Egypt, he won first prize for 'aggregate distance' and second prize for 'longest distance without stopping'.

In January 1910 in Monaco he became renowned for his exploits over both the Mediterranean Sea and Mount Agel.  He described one particularly dangerous trip from Monaco to Nice in high, changeable winds:

In 1910 he is reported to have competed in California with the Voisin; this is presumed to be the California horse racing course outside Nice.

Endurance flying
In an age when endurance flights were a considerable achievement and of sufficient risk to be publicly noteworthy, Rougier's performances were included in the tables of Flight International magazine.
 12 Sept 1909: Voisin: Brescia: 1 hour 9 minutes
 28 Sept 1909: Voisin: Johannisthal Air Field: 1 hour 20 minutes
 29 Sept 1909: Voisin: Johannisthal Air Field: 1 hour 37 minutes
 28 Oct 1909: Voisin: Antwerp: 1 hour 3 minutes
  6 Feb 1910: Voisin: Heliopolis in Egypt:
 11 Feb 1910: Voisin: Heliopolis:

Aircraft manufacture
In 1910 Rougier became a partner of Antoine Odier and Raoul Vendôme in the Odier-Vendôme aeroplane company, building the Odier-Vendôme biplane. Rougier flew the aircraft at locations such as Issy-les-Moulineaux and Terni and Ghedi in Italy.

Rougier may also have been involved in the independent construction of a 'Rougier' biplane, although there is only a single, hard to identify, photograph which may show a standard Voisin that was owned by Rougier.

Death, honours and commemoration
In retirement he lived at La Valette-du-Var, near Toulon. In July 1956 he died of heart failure.

Henri Rougier was appointed Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the 'Medal of aeronautics'.

Notes

References

Sources
Sources quoted by Philippe Callais in History of the 1911 Monte Carlo Rally
 Jean-François Jacob, "Monte-Carlo, 60 ans de rallyes", éditions Robert Laffont, 1973
 Maurice Louche, "Le rallye de Monte-Carlo au XXe siècle", éditions Maurice Louche, 2001
 Marc-Antoine Collin, "Hotchkiss et le rallye de Monte-Carlo", Automobilia n°22, février 1998

External links

 Leif Snellman. – Hans Etzrodt's list of Grand Prix winners 1895–1949

Aviation pioneers
French aviators
1876 births
1956 deaths
French rally drivers
French racing drivers
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Vintage vehicles
French automotive pioneers
French automobile designers
French founders of automobile manufacturers
Sportspeople from Marseille

Henri Rougier


Fouad Kamal Hussein (October 7, 1923 – February 11, 2006), also known as Fouad Hussein, was an Egyptian economist. He served as the 25th Finance Minister of Egypt from December 1980 to December 1981.

Education
Fouad Hussein received a Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Sciences from Cairo University in 1944 and a post-graduate degree in Economics from Oxford University in 1950.

Early career
Fouad Hussein served as an economic advisor to the United Nations Technical Assistance Program in New York City from 1954 to 1968. Between 1954 and 1956, he served as an economic advisor to Jordan, Kuwait, Yemen, Lebanon, and a few other Asian and Middle Eastern countries. In India, he served as the Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru from 1956 to 1959. He served in various assignments for the UNTAA, both at United Nations' headquarters in New York and in the field.

He served in the Government of Egypt from 1959 to 1962 as the senior economist for the National Planning Commission, participating in the preparation and coordination of Egypt's first Five-Year Economic and Social Plans. From 1960, he served as Secretary General to the Government, coordinating functions between Egypt's Presidential Cabinet, Parliament, and various government agencies.

International Monetary Fund
From December 1970 to November 1976, he served 3 terms as alternate executive director to Nazeeh Ahmed Dhaif, who was executive director at the time. He participated in executive board deliberations and in the review and the reform of the International Monetary System. During this period, he represented Egypt and 14 other Middle Eastern countries. In the course of his terms, he provided technical cooperation and promoted matters of mutual interest between the IMF and these countries.

Ministry of Economy
On his return to Egypt from his IMF assignment, he was appointed as Deputy Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade. During this period from 1977 to 1979, he oversaw monetary matters and international economic relations.

Capital Market Authority
In 1979, he became founder and chairman of the board. He served in this position until 1980. The authority was responsible for promoting Egypt's capital and money markets, revitalizing the private sector, and regulating Egypt's corporate and securities exchange activities.

Ministry of Finance
In the latter part of 1980, he was appointed as Minister of State for Finance, in then President Anwar El Sadat's cabinet. During his 12-month appointment, he oversaw all fiscal affairs for the Government of Egypt, including budget preparation, government accounting, regulatory functions, and taxation.

Egypt Investment Finance Corporation
In 1982, he became the founder and chairman of the board. This was Egypt's first investment securities firm. It had a capital of LE 100 million, providing a wide range of financial services in Egypt and other countries. He continued in this role until 1986.

Arab International Bank
Also in 1982, he became an economic advisor to the AIB, serving as chief consultant to the board of directors of the bank, which was sponsored by five Arab nations. He had oversight of the Department of Economic and Financial Research. He served as editor-in-chief of the bank's quarterly and monthly economic reviews. His contract with the bank was renewed annually. Every year, before the renewal, he would  comment that the bank would probably not renew his contract. The bank continued to renew his contract every year, until 2006, when he submitted his final resignation effective the first of March, the date of the annual renewal. However, he died before his resignation went into effect on the eleventh of February.

References

1923 births
2006 deaths
20th-century Egyptian economists
Cairo University alumni
Finance Ministers of Egypt
Egyptian expatriates in the United Kingdom
21st-century Egyptian economists

Fouad Kamal Hussein


Accuphase Laboratory, Inc. (originally known as Kensonic Laboratory, Inc.) is a Japanese, Yokohama-based high-end audio equipment manufacturer founded by former Kenwood engineer Jiro Kasuga in late 1972. Kasuga was not happy with the views of Kenwood relating to the follower of their High-End Supreme 1 unit (1967). He hired some engineers from other prominent brands (Marantz, Luxman) and started Kensonic, with Kenwood as a part owner. Some other connections in the early years of Accuphase exist as well. If you compare the parts used by Kenwood and Kensonic throughout the latter's early years, the familiarities show quite easy: knobs, buttons, tuner dials and the general direction of the design. Accuphase's early PCBs are tagged KENSONIC, too, and the early units bore KENSONIC on their frontplates as well. Until the mid-1990s, Kenwood still owned part of Kensonic. It appears that Accuphase engineers may have had a hand in the engineering of Kenwood's last high-end series (L-A1, L-D1 and LVD-Z1). For example, the Accuphase E-405 and Kenwood L-A1 have very similar volume knobs, side panels, and remotes.

Kensonic's first products were the P-300 amp(lifier), the C-200 preamp, and the T-100 tuner. The E-202 integrated amp and an up-versioned tuner (the T-101) were added soon after. All received very positive reviews in 1973 and 1974. While Kenwood has now abandoned all high-end audio activities, Kensonic carries on with the Accuphase series.

Accuphase products are well regarded by high-end audio enthusiasts, but the brand is uncommon in the USA. Accuphase products are readily identified by their large Champagne-colored faceplates and large dual analog power meters – which are similar to the respected McIntosh Laboratory brand (McIntosh is famous for its unique faceplates, which are made of silk-screened glass and use large blue analog power meters).

Accuphase explains the brand name as follows:

Accuphase has a good reputation for quality, with units from the first series still in use. Models remain available at least for several years, and sometimes up to a decade.

The Accuphase website explains the background and development of each of their products.

References

External links
 Accuphase website
 Accuphase past products
 The Accuphase section on Hifishark.com, maybe the most complete model list in the world.

Electronics companies established in 1972
Audio amplifier manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of Japan
Compact Disc player manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Yokohama
Japanese companies established in 1972
Japanese brands

Accuphase


Nina Bradlin is a singer of smooth jazz, as well as a stage actor. Born in Detroit, Michigan, she currently lives and performs in Basel, Switzerland.

Biography and career
Bradlin  studied drama and comparative literature. and started her  musical career in the early 2000s.

In 2013, Nina Bradlin released her album, Right Where You Are, recorded in Basel, Dublin, and Detroit. In 2015, she released album "Stardust", and in 2020 her latest album "Home Again".

Nina Bradlin appeared as Blanche du Bois in A Streetcar Named Desire directed by Krista Jaquet and performed in Basel, Switzerland and in Helsinki, Finland. She can be seen in short films such as "The Vault" and in the upcoming independent feature film "Oboleo". Before moving to Europe, Nina Bradlin directed the world premiere of an original musical called "Contemporary Furnishings" starring future Tony Award nominees Hunter Foster and Jennifer Laura Thompson. In addition to her music career, she currently teaches acting and works on theater projects in Switzerland.

Discography
 Sela's Song (2010)
 Right Where You Are (2013)
 Stardust (2015)
 Home Again (2020)

References

External links
Official website

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Nina Bradlin


Marienrode Priory is a Benedictine nunnery in Marienrode, a district of Hildesheim in Germany.

An Augustinian monastery was founded here in 1125 by the Bishop of Hildesheim, Berthold I von Alvensleben, in a place then known as Baccenrode.  It lasted until 1259. The site was re-settled later, at first by Augustinians and afterwards as a Cistercian monastery.  The Cistercians gave the community its current name of Marienrode which has officially been used since 1439. The foundation stone of the present church was laid in 1412. The church was built in gothic style with three naves and completed in 1462. The Baroque ridge turret was added in the 18th century. In the church, there are two noteworthy baroque altars dating from 1750 approximately and a gothic sandstone sculpture of Saint Mary which was made in 1460. The organ dates from the middle of the 18th century. Most of the present buildings of the monastery consisting of sandstone were built in the 18th century. In the inner court there is a noteworthy pigeon tower. After the secularization of 1806, the monastery was used as a farm until 1987.

A small chapel of the priory, Saint Cosmas and Damian, which was built in 1792 was converted into a small Protestant church in 1830. It is not only used by the Protestants living in Marienrode, but also by those from Neuhof and Hildesheimer Wald, two districts of Hildesheim which do not have churches. The altar dates from 1835 and the organ from the end of the 18th century. According to Cistercian tradition, the chapel has a ridge turret instead of a tower.

From 1983, the new Bishop of Hildesheim, Josef Homeyer, was active in the re-establishment of monastic houses. As a result, Marienrode Priory was re-settled by ten Benedictine nuns from Eibingen Abbey on 5 May 1988. Since 1998, Marienrode has been an independent priory within the Beuronese Congregation.

Around the priory, a small village (Marienrode) developed which was incorporated into Hildesheim in 1974. The former village school which was operated by the priory was built in 1716. The windmill of Marienrode was built in 1839 and used as such until 1939. From the village it can be reached through a tree-lined avenue consisting of 200-year-old lindens, with a historic pavement. The large fishpond in the South of the village was laid out by the Cistercians in the Middle Ages.

Sources
Segers-Glocke, Christiane: Baudenkmale in Niedersachsen, Band 1.4 - Hildesheim, p. 260-269. Hameln 2007.

External links

Marienrode Priory Website
Website of St. Hildegard's Abbey

1120s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1125 establishments in Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1120s
Christian organizations established in 1988
Buildings and structures in Hildesheim
Monasteries in Lower Saxony
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Benedictine nunneries in Germany
Buildings and structures in Hildesheim (district)

Marienrode Priory


Brownswood Recordings is a London-based independent record label founded by Gilles Peterson in 2006. The label has released an eclectic range of music, reflecting Peterson's diverse musical taste.

The roster includes Ben Westbeech, Ghostpoet, José James, Skinny Pelembe, Mala, The Heritage Orchestra, Anushka, Gang Colours, Daymé Arocena, Yussef Kamaal, Shabaka and the Ancestors, Zara McFarlane.

References

External links

British record labels
Record labels established in 2006
Drum and bass record labels
Jazz record labels

Brownswood Recordings


ISO 10006:2018, Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality management in projects, is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization.

ISO 10006:2018 gives guidance on the application of quality management in projects. It supersedes ISO 10006:2003.

Basic principles
ISO 10006  is applicable to organizations working on projects of varying complexity, small or large, of short or long duration, being an individual project to being part of a programme or portfolio of projects, in different environments, and irrespective of the kind of product/service or process involved, with the intention of satisfying project interested parties by introducing quality management in projects. This can necessitate some tailoring of the guidance to suit a particular project.

ISO 10006 defines a project as "unique process undertaken to achieve an objective". A project generally consists of a set of coordinated and controlled activities with start and finish dates, conforming to specific requirements, including the constraints of time, cost and resources.

Linked standards
ISO 10006 is not a guide to "project management" itself. Guidance on quality in project management processes is discussed in this International Standard. Guidance on quality in a project's product-related processes, and on the "process approach", is covered in ISO 9004.  A new "Project Management - Guide to project Management"  ISO 21500 has been published in September 2012.

Since ISO 10006 is a guidance document, it is not intended to be used for certification/registration purposes.

See also
 Clinical trial
 List of ISO standards
 Project management
 Quality management system

External links
 Overview and discussion of the ISO 10006 Standard
 Combining the ISO 10006 and PMBOK To Ensure Successful Projects
 ISO 10006:2017 Standard

10006
Project management
Quality

ISO 10006


William of Werle (before 1393 or 1394 – 8 September 1436), was co-regent of Werle from 1418 to 1425, then the sole ruler from 1425 until his death.  After 1426, he called himself "Prince of the Wends".  He was a son of Lorenz of Werle-Güstrow and his wife Matilda of Werle-Goldberg.

Life
After the death of his father Lorenz in 1393 or 1394, William's older brother Balthasar ruled Werle-Güstrow alone until William became co-regent in 1418.  When Balthasar died on 5 April 1421, William became the sole ruler of Werle-Güstrow.  When Christopher of Werle-Waren died in 1425, he became ruler of all of Werle.  After 1426, he styled himself "Prince of the Wends, Lord of Güstrow, Waren and Werle".

Marriage and issue
William first married in 1422 to Anna of Anhalt (daughter of Albert IV, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen), who died in 1426. He then married Sophie of Pomerania, the sister of Duke Barnim VIII of Pomerania. With her he had one child, Catherine of Werle, who married Duke Ulrich II of Mecklenburg-Stargard.  With the consent of his cousins, Catherine's uncle Barnim VII mortgaged the territories of Barth, Zingst and Damgarten for 20,000 guilders for Catherine's dowry.

With the death of William, the Werle line died out in the male line, and the principality of Werle was returned to the House of Mecklenburg.  The rulers of Mecklenburg kept using the title of "Prince of the Wends" until the German monarchy was abolished in 1918.

Footnotes

External links
 Biographical data of Wilhelm
 Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg

House of Mecklenburg
Lords of Werle
15th-century German people
1436 deaths
Year of birth uncertain

William of Werle


Ian Roberts (born 31 July 1965) is a British-born Australian actor and former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australian international representative forward, he played club football with the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Wigan, Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and North Queensland Cowboys. In 1995 Roberts became the first high-profile Australian sports person and first rugby footballer in the world to come out to the public as gay.

Early life
Ian Roberts was born in 1965 in Chelsea, London, England, to a father who worked in construction and was an amateur boxer, and a housewife mother. The family emigrated as Ten Pound Poms in 1967 to South Sydney, Australia, where the family was guaranteed a new house, and his father was guaranteed a job, continuing to work in construction. He was educated at Maroubra Bay High School.

Football career

Club career
As a junior Roberts played for the Mascot Jets in the Souths juniors competition. He made his first grade début with the Rabbitohs in the 1986 Winfield Cup season and his form early on saw him touted as a bolter for the 1986 Kangaroo Tour, though ultimately he would miss selection.

At the end of the 1986 Sydney season, Roberts began a short stint with English club Wigan. In his first appearance for the Cherry and Whites on 1 October against St. Helens at Central Park in Wigan, Roberts came on after 8 minutes as a replacement and made an astonishing 59 tackles as the home side won their Lancashire County Cup Semi-final 22–16. Two weeks later he played for Wigan in the  against the Australian Kangaroos for the opening game of the 1986 Kangaroo Tour which Australia won 26–18. He played second row (replaced by interchange/substitute Rob Louw) in Wigan's 15–8 victory over Oldham in the Lancashire County Cup Final at Knowsley Road in St. Helens, on Sunday 19 October 1986 during the 1986–87 season. and played second row in Wigan's 18–4 victory over Warrington in the 1986–87 John Player Special Trophy Final during the 1986–87 season at Burnden Park in Bolton on Saturday 10 January 1987.

By the age of 21, Jack Gibson had described him as "the best front rower in the game", and in 1988 Roberts made the first of five appearances for City Origin team.

Despite not having yet played for either New South Wales or Australia, Roberts signed a contract with the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in 1990. Roberts later reported that the main reason he left South Sydney was the money, the Manly contract worth around AU$100,000 more.

After moving from the South Sydney club to Manly he quickly justified his value with State of Origin selection and a Test début against New Zealand. At the end of the 1994 NSWRL season, he went on the 1994 Kangaroo tour. Leading up front in Australia's Ashes winning 23-4 Third Test victory at Elland Road. Not long after, Roberts signed with Super League despite his club and coach Bob Fulton remaining loyal to the Australian Rugby League. He played in Manly's loss to Canterbury in the 1995 ARL season's Grand Final.

Roberts sat out the 1996 season due to injuries and a contract dispute related to the Super League war. In 1997, Roberts signed with the North Queensland Cowboys and moved to Townsville to captain the side. His career wound down in 1998 under the increasing weight of injuries.

State of Origin
Roberts made nine appearances for the New South Wales State of Origin team between 1990 and 1994. He was an enforcer in the NSW forward pack. A fit athlete, he collapsed from exhaustion after a tireless effort in game one of 1993. The Blues won six of the nine matches in which Roberts played.

Post-playing
In 2000, Roberts was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in rugby league. He served on the National Rugby League's judiciary during the 2000s and in 2004 was named by Souths in their South Sydney Dream Team, which consists of 17 players and a coach representing the club from 1908 through to 2004. In 2005, he was named one of the 25 greatest ever New South Wales players. In March 2014, Roberts revealed that he has brain damage after being knocked out up to a dozen times in his playing career.

Life outside football
Roberts came out as gay in 1995, becoming the first rugby league player in the world to do so. He discussed his sexuality in magazines and on television over the following year. The NRL Footy Show principals Paul Vautin, Peter Sterling and Steve Roach appeared in a poster campaign against homophobia conducted by the Lesbian and Gay Anti-Violence Project. He was praised for helping to question prevailing myths about gays and sport. Paul Freeman wrote a book on Roberts, Ian Roberts – Finding Out, which was published in 1997.

In 1999 Roberts was taken to court by Garry Jack over an on-field brawl that occurred in 1991. Jack stated he was taking a stand against a beating he received from several Manly players. He attempted to sue Roberts for $100,000 in damages, alleging he suffered shock, traumatic injuries to his face and eyes, cuts, headaches and numbness, and was embarrassed by scarring to his face. Jack and Roberts eventually settled the dispute out of court with Roberts handing over more than $50,000.

Roberts has stated he is a sex abuse victim, and gave evidence to the State Coroner of New South Wales in regard to the murder of Arron Light, a teenage boy who was set to give evidence against a paedophile syndicate. Light disappeared in 1997, and his remains were recovered in 2002. Roberts accused the same man who molested him in his teens of being behind Light's death. This story was the subject of an episode of the Australian TV program Australian Story, entitled "The Lost Boy", which first aired on 26 September 2005.

Early in 2005, Roberts appeared in the second series of the Australian television series Dancing with the Stars, dancing with Natalie Lowe. He was runner up in the competition, losing out to Tom Williams.

Roberts appeared on the 17 July 2007 cover of The Advocate magazine in an exclusive interview with Canadian author and journalist Michael Rowe, along with a photo layout by celebrity photographer Eric Schwabel.

In September 2010, Roberts publicly criticised Australian swimming star Stephanie Rice for calling the South African rugby union team "faggots" on Twitter, branding her "a complete idiot".

A member of the Australian Labor Party, Roberts has twice stood unsuccessfully as an ALP candidate for the Council of the City of Sydney in 2016 and 2021.

Acting career
Roberts finished playing professional rugby league in 1998, and began studying at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney. In 2003 he moved to the United States in search of acting opportunities.

Roberts made a very brief cameo in the 2002 film Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones as a bartender working in the Outlander Club where Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker apprehend the bounty hunter Zam Wesell. In 2005, Roberts had a brief cameo in the Australian film Little Fish, starring Cate Blanchett and Hugo Weaving, playing an ex-rugby league star. He appeared in the 2006 motion picture Superman Returns as Riley, a henchman of Lex Luthor.

In 2009, Roberts appeared in the Australian television mini-series Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities, which retells real life events of the drug trade in the New South Wales town of Griffith between 1976 and 1987. The mini-series is a prequel to the 2008 mini-series Underbelly, which was about Melbourne gangland killings. Roberts has a role as a body guard for George Freeman (played by Peter O'Brien). The series began airing in NSW on 9 February 2009. Also in 2009, he starred in The Cut on ABC1 and had a small role in the film Cedar Boys. In 2012 Ian landed his first starring role in the film Saltwater, starring opposite Ronnie Kerr, which is also Ian's first role playing a gay man.

In 2016 he appeared in Craig Boreham's gay-themed film Teenage Kicks, playing a straight single father. In 2021 Roberts appeared in episode 1, series 3 of Mr Inbetween playing small-time arms dealer, Graham.  In 2022 he appeared in Boreham's followup film Lonesome.

References

Further reading

External links

 Australian Story Episode - The Lost Boy
 (re)Search my Trash interview

1965 births
Living people
Australian gay actors
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian male film actors
Australian male models
British emigrants to Australia
Gay sportsmen
Australian LGBT sportspeople
LGBT rugby league players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni
Naturalised citizens of Australia
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
North Queensland Cowboys players
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Rugby league players from London
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Wigan Warriors players
Rugby league players from Sydney
Sportsmen from New South Wales

Ian Roberts (rugby league)


Wife and Auto Trouble is a 1916 American film directed by Dell Henderson and Mack Sennett. It was made by the "Tri-Stone Film Company", an evolution of "Keystone Triangle" which in turn evolved from the famous Keystone Film Company.

Plot

A new husband shares a house with his wife and mother-in-law and a second man (listed as a brother-in-law). The first scene shows favoritism at the breakfast table to the second man, but whilst he reads his paper the table is rotated to ensure a good cup of coffee for the husband.

At work the husband chats up his secretary Mae Busch and is discovered by the second male who calls his mother-in-law. A car bought for the secretary is given to the wife as a gift to stall her, but the secretary demands it back. Action moves to a private booth in a restaurant/dance hall where a similar evasion act ensues.

A car chase ensues followed by the "Tri-Stone Kops" an evolution from the earlier Keystone Kops.

Cast
William Collier Sr. as A meek husband
Blanche Payson as His wife
Joseph Belmont as His Brother-In-Law
Alice Davenport as His Mother-In-Law
Mae Busch as A speedy stenographer
 Tri-Stone Kops: Jimmy Bryant, Joseph Callahan, Billy Gilbert, Al Kaufman

See also
List of American films of 1916

External links

1916 films
American silent short films
1910s English-language films
American black-and-white films
1916 comedy films
1916 short films
Silent American comedy films
American comedy short films
Films directed by Dell Henderson
Films directed by Mack Sennett
1910s American films

Wife and Auto Trouble


John Lendrum Mitchell (October 19, 1842June 29, 1904) was an American politician and philanthropist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  A Democrat, he served one term each in the United States Senate (1893–1899) and House of Representatives (1891–1893).  Earlier, he was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.

He was the son of powerful railroad owner and Milwaukee financier Alexander Mitchell and used his inheritance on significant works of philanthropy in Milwaukee—he is the namesake of the Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory.

Additionally, his son, U.S. Army Major General William Lendrum "Billy" Mitchell, is considered the father of the United States Air Force, and the namesake of Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport.

Early life

He was born in Milwaukee in the Wisconsin Territory, the son of Martha (Reed) and Alexander Mitchell, a wealthy banking magnate, politician, and Scottish American immigrant.  He graduated from the Hampton, Connecticut, military academy and studied in Europe, spending time in both Munich, Bavaria, and Geneva, Switzerland.  He returned to the United States in 1860 as the Civil War loomed.

Civil War service

During the American Civil War, Mitchell enlisted with the 24th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment in the summer of 1862.  He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant of Company I, under Captain Frederick A. Root.  The regiment mustered into service August 21, 1862, and left the state on September 5 for Kentucky, for service in the Western Theater of the war.  Arriving at Louisville, Kentucky, on September 20, the 24th Wisconsin was attached to III Corps of the Army of the Ohio.

The regiment was quickly thrown into battle, confronting General Braxton Bragg and his Army of Mississippi, which had marched to the vicinity of Louisville as part of the Confederate offensive to seize control of Kentucky.  They met the Confederates at the nearby town of Perryville, Kentucky, where they engaged in the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862.  The 24th Wisconsin was held in reserve for most of the battle, but in the late afternoon was ordered to engage and pursued the enemy as they fled the field.  They continued the pursuit of the fleeing Confederates until October 15, when they were ordered to abandon pursuit and turn back to the west, moving into Tennessee and going into camp near Nashville on November 22.

At their Mill Creek camp, the Union command was reorganized as the Army of the Cumberland under Major General William Rosecrans.  On December 27, they returned to the offensive against Bragg, who was now encamped along the Stones River, northwest of Murfreesboro, Tennessee.  During this campaign, Lieutenant Mitchell was selected for special service in their brigade, working as a topographical aide to Brigadier General Joshua W. Sill.  During the first hours of fighting at the Battle of Stones River, however, General Sill was killed in action while directing a counterattack.  It fell to Lieutenant Mitchell to deliver the news to Colonel Nicholas Greusel of the 36th Illinois Infantry Regiment—who was next in line of seniority—that he must assume command of the brigade.  Colonel Greusel was able to re-form the brigade after the confusion of the morning fighting and led them ably through the remainder of the battle.  Colonel Greusel would later praise Lieutenant Mitchell in his official report of the battle.

After the fighting, the Union army spent several months camped at Murfreesboro, transforming it into a major Union fortress and supply hub for the remainder of the war and securing the Union presence in Middle Tennessee.  During this time, the 24th Wisconsin saw further resignations and promotions as the leadership was reshuffled. Mitchell returned to duties with his regiment, and, on January 17, 1863, he was promoted to 1st Lieutenant for Company E.

While the Union Army of the Cumberland was reinforcing their position and reorganizing their force at Murfreesboro, the Confederate Army of Tennessee, under Bragg, was preparing a new defensive line along the Duck River and at strategic passes in the Highland Rim.  That summer, the Army of the Cumberland was directed to engage Bragg as soon as possible to prevent him from sending additional forces to assist the Confederate defenders at the Siege of Vicksburg.  Lieutenant Mitchell was with the army through the Battle of Hoover's Gap, after which Bragg abandoned Middle Tennessee and moved to defend Chattanooga.  However, around this time the regiment surgeon diagnosed Lieutenant Mitchell as having a severe visual impairment.  He was sent home to Wisconsin and discharged.

Political career

After returning from the war, Mitchell went to work as a farmer, clearing 480 acres of wilderness west of Milwaukee.  In 1871, he entered politics, running for Wisconsin State Senate on the Democratic Party ticket in the 6th senatorial district (southern Milwaukee County).  He was not a candidate for re-election in 1873, but returned to office with the 1875 election, in the same district.  He declined re-nomination in 1877, but remained active in the state Democratic Party and for several years was chairman of the Milwaukee County Democratic Party.  He was also elected by the 1887 Wisconsin Democratic convention to serve as a Wisconsin member of the Democratic National Committee.

He was also active outside of politics and was chosen as President of the Milwaukee School Board for 1884 and 1885 and became a significant funder of Milwaukee's Soldiers' home. He was appointed by Congress to the board of managers for the National Home for Disabled Soldiers in 1886 and served on the board nearly until his death.  After the death of his father in 1887, Mitchell took over several of the family interests and became much more prominent in state affairs; he also became well-respected in business for his shrewd management of the family assets.  He became President of the Marine and Fire Insurance Company Bank—which his father had founded—and had a significant stake in the Northwestern National Insurance Company.  In 1888, after a storm destroyed several buildings on the state fair grounds, Mitchell spent freely from his own funds to rebuild the structures in time for the fair.  That year, he was elected President of the state Agricultural Society.

In 1890, Mitchell announced his intention to run for United States House of Representatives in Wisconsin's 4th congressional district.  After a contentious caucus process, he reached the Wisconsin Democratic Party 4th district convention with strong support and was nominated on the first ballot, defeating Peter J. Somers and John Black.  He won 56% of the vote in the general election, defeating Republican R. C. Spencer, Union Labor candidate Robert C. Schilling, and Prohibitionist Charles E. Reed, and went on to serve in the 52nd United States Congress.  After his election to Congress, he was chosen as chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and conducted an extensive operation to win Democratic majorities in both the House and Senate in the 1892 elections.

He also declared his interest in the United States Senate seat which would be chosen in 1893 by the Legislature elected in 1892.  The Democrats maintained their majority in the 41st Wisconsin Legislature, and on the 31st ballot, the Democratic caucus chose to support Mitchell as their senate nominee over John H. Knight and Edward S. Bragg.  In the floor vote, Mitchell received 77 votes, John Coit Spooner received 46, and Edward S. Bragg received 1.

Mitchell was considered one of the best-educated members of the Senate at the time.  He continued to prioritize funding the needs of veterans.  He supported the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act, which levied a tariff which applied only to those earning more than $4,000 per year (then only about 10% of Americans).  He was strongly opposed to the rising American imperialism of his era, and spoke out against the annexation of Hawaii and the Spanish–American War.  And although he personally opposed the populist, inflationary free silver policies of the Democrats, he remained loyal to the party.  In 1896, he was suggested as a candidate for Vice President of the United States at the Democratic National Convention, though his name was not formally placed in nomination.  He served in the Senate until 1899 and was not a candidate for renomination.

After leaving the Senate, Mitchell traveled with his family to Europe again.  He, along with one of his daughters, studied at Grenoble University in Grenoble, France, and they both received a diploma certifying their proficiency in French language and literature.  The family returned to their farm in Greenfield, Wisconsin, in 1902.  Mitchell's health deteriorated from this point.  He died at his home on June 29, 1904, and was buried at the Mitchell family plot in Milwaukee's Forest Home Cemetery.

Family and legacy

Mitchell married twice, first to Bianca Coggswell and then Harriet Danforth Becker, who was a prominent member of the Daughters of the American Revolution.  He had at least 12 children (7 with his first wife and 5 with his second) however only 7 survived to adulthood.

Among his children was Major General Billy Mitchell, who is regarded as the father of the United States Air Force.  Coincidentally, during the elder Mitchell's time with the 24th Wisconsin Infantry in the Civil War, he served alongside Arthur MacArthur Jr., whose son, Douglas MacArthur, would go on to serve as a juror on the court martial of Mitchell's son, Billy, in 1925.

Another son, John Mitchell, was also an early American aviator who died in his fighter plane in 1917 in France. His daughter, Ruth Mitchell, was an author and gained some fame as a volunteer fighting the Germans with Yugoslav Chetniks in World War II.

Mitchell was a collector of paintings, including works by Jules Breton, Jehan Georges Vibert, and Adolf Schreyer.  He was a patron of the Layton Art Gallery, Milwaukee College, and the Milwaukee Hospital.  He was an active member of several veterans communities, including the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and the Society of the Army of the Cumberland.  He contributed to the founding of the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin and offered twenty scholarships for poor boys to attend the school. Finally, he was the original donor of land to form Mitchell Park, which is named in his honor.

His papers, along with those of his father, are in the archives of the Wisconsin Historical Society.

Electoral history

U.S. House of Representatives (1890, 1892)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 4, 1890

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 8, 1892

United States Senate (1893)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| Vote of the Wisconsin Legislature, January 27, 1893

References

Notes

External links

 Sen. John Mitchell at GovTrack

 Milwaukee's Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory

1842 births
1904 deaths
Politicians from Milwaukee
American people of Scottish descent
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin
Democratic Party United States senators from Wisconsin
Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
19th-century American politicians
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
Burials in Wisconsin

John L. Mitchell


Persian ritual music (sometimes called Iranian Ritual Music) (Persian: موسیقی مذهبی ایران) is a type of Persian music which is used for religious ceremonies.

Persian religious music can be used for various religions which are practiced in Persia/Iran such as Islam and Zoroastrianism.

The ethnomusicologists such as Mohammad-Taghi Massoudieh did research about Persian ritual music. Massoudieh also published a book in Persian on this issue.

External links
 Persian Religious Music

Persian music

Persian ritual music


Kathryn Louise Taylor (born September 29, 1955) was elected the 38th mayor of Tulsa, Oklahoma on April 4, 2006, in the city's largest voter turnout for a mayoral election.  She defeated Republican incumbent Mayor Bill Lafortune to become Tulsa's second female mayor, after Susan Savage first filled the post in 1992. Taylor is married to Bill Lobeck, CEO of Vanguard Automotive Group. Taylor served as Oklahoma Secretary of Commerce and Tourism in Governor Brad Henry's administration from 2003 to 2006.  She resigned from that post in order to run for Mayor.

Early life
Taylor grew up in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and graduated from John Marshall High School. Taylor earned her bachelor's degree as well as her Juris Doctor from the University of Oklahoma.

Taylor worked as an attorney for a private firm in Oklahoma City from 1981 until 1988. She then moved to Tulsa in 1989 and became vice president and general counsel of Thrifty Car Rental. Taylor eventually bought National Car Rental from General Motors. She and her husband eventually sold the company and started the Lobeck Taylor Foundation. Taylor was appointed in 2003 by Governor Brad Henry to serve as Secretary of Commerce, Tourism, and Workforce Development.

Mayor of Tulsa
As Mayor, Taylor oversaw the completion of Tulsa's "Vision 2025" projects including the BOK Center.  Taylor also pushed a successful $450 million street bond issue and construction of a new downtown baseball park.  She oversaw the closing down of Bell's Amusement Park in 2006. Tulsa County terminated Bell's lease.  Neither the City of Tulsa nor Mayor Taylor were involved.

She supervised the move of Tulsa's city hall.  On June 4, 2009, Taylor abruptly announced that she would not seek re-election.  On September 30, 2009, Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry announced that Taylor would become his top education adviser after her term as mayor ended on December 7.  Taylor subsequently led Oklahoma's two unsuccessful applications for federal program funds in the "Race to the Top" competition. Taylor was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame in 2011.

In January 2013, Taylor announced that she would run again for her old job as mayor of Tulsa in the 2013 election.  In the mayoral primary election on June 11, 2013, in which the city used a new non-partisan election system for the first time, Taylor finished first with 42.1% of the vote, ahead of her successor Dewey F. Bartlett Jr., who had 34.2%.  She and Bartlett met in a runoff election on November 12, 2013,  and Bartlett prevailed, receiving about 55% of the vote.

Dean of Collins College of Business, University of Tulsa
May 9, 2021 Kathy Taylor was appointed interim dean of the Collins College of Business at the University of Tulsa. President Brad Carson made this effective July 1, 2021. On October 14 of the same year the appointment was formalized as permanent.

References

External links
2013 Campaign website
Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame Oral History Project -- OSU Library

|-

|-

1955 births
Harvard Institute of Politics
Heads of Oklahoma state agencies
Living people
Mayors of Tulsa, Oklahoma
Oklahoma Democrats
State cabinet secretaries of Oklahoma
Women in Oklahoma politics
Women mayors of places in Oklahoma
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Candidates in the 2013 United States elections

Kathy Taylor (politician)