is a life simulation video game developed by h.a.n.d. and Bandai Namco Games for the Nintendo 3DS. The game was released in Japan on August 1, 2013, in North America on April 11, 2014, and in Europe on October 24.

The title has been followed up by the sequel, Disney Magical World 2.

Gameplay

The game uses either a previously made Mii or newly made in-game character to complete quests in the town of Castleton.
The game features various activities such as fishing, card collecting, gardening, making clothes and decorating the town's cafe, as well as making the food to be sold. When completing these activities, the player is awarded with stickers which act as a leveling up system, allowing the player to progress further in the game.

The game features 4 main plot lines: one in Cinderella's world, one in Wonderland, one in the Hundred Acre Wood and one in Agrabah. These can be done in any order and require the player to help the main characters of each world by battling ghosts in dungeons. The Cinderella world also allows players to attend balls by playing a rhythm game.

As well as this, numerous Disney characters and other non-playable characters will arrive in Castleton giving the player various quests which require the player to enter each of these worlds outside of the plot lines, and foraging for materials. As the player progresses through the story, more weapons and armor become available which must be made using the materials that the player finds in the various dungeons.

Reception

Disney Magical World has received mostly positive reviews, scoring 71/100 on Metacritic. Nintendo World Report awarded the game 8.5/10, praising the wide range of activities and gameplay but felt that the loading times interrupted the game's progress. Game Revolution gave it a 3 out of 5, saying while packed with characters and collectables, criticized the repetitive tasks and lack of a main attraction.

As of March 31, 2014, the game has shipped 500,000 copies.

Sequel

References

External links

 Official English website
 Official Japanese website

2013 video games
Bandai Namco Entertainment franchises
Bandai Namco games
Crossover video games
Disney video games
H.a.n.d. games
Life simulation games
Mickey Mouse video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo 3DS eShop games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo 3DS-only games
Nintendo games
Nintendo Network games
Video games about size change
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Video games set in castles

Disney Magical World


Paul Brandon Gilbert (born November 6, 1966)  is an American hard rock and heavy metal guitarist. He is the co-founder of the band Mr. Big, and was also a member of Racer X, with whom he released several albums. In 1996, Gilbert launched a solo career, for which he has released numerous solo albums, and featured in numerous collaborations and guest appearances on other musicians' albums.

Gilbert was voted fourth-best on GuitarOne magazine's 2007 "Top 10 Greatest Guitar Shredders of All Time".  He was also ranked in  Guitar World's 2008 list, "50 Fastest Guitarists of All Time".

Shrapnel Records
Gilbert was raised mostly in the Pittsburgh suburb of Greensburg, Pennsylvania. He began playing music at age six; by age 15, he was touring local clubs with his band (Tau Zero), and had been featured in Guitar Player magazine (alongside fellow up-and-comer Yngwie Malmsteen). Around 1981, Gilbert first contacted Mike Varney (founder of Shrapnel Records), asking for a gig with metal mega-star Ozzy Osbourne. At the time, Varney did not think Osbourne would want a 15-year-old guitarist; but, after listening to Gilbert's demo tape, he changed his mind. They continued talking over the next 3 years, culminating in Gilbert's 1984 cross-country move to Los Angeles to attend the GIT (Guitar Institute of Technology). Even at the young age of 17, Gilbert quickly became a local legend due to his advanced and extremely fast alternate picking technique, his young age, and his massive repertoire of cover material. He was hired as a GIT instructor in 1985, and recorded Racer X's debut album Street Lethal soon after.

Racer X

Formed in Los Angeles in 1985, Racer X was originally composed of Paul Gilbert (lead guitar), Juan Alderete (bass guitar), Harry Gschoesser (drums), and Jeff Martin (vocals). They were heavily influenced by Judas Priest, and Gilbert's playing was reminiscent of Yngwie Malmsteen, displaying fast-driven solos with extreme-level technique. Gschoesser was replaced by Scott Travis (later Judas Priest's drummer) in 1986, and Bruce Bouillet, one of Gilbert's private students at GIT, was added as a second guitarist after demonstrating an ability to harmonize Gilbert's string skipping sequences.  Gilbert gained recognition as one of the world's fastest guitarists due to incredibly technical pieces like "Technical Difficulties", "Frenzy", "Scarified", "Y.R.O." and "Scit Scat Wah". Around this time, Gilbert also recorded his first instructional video, Intense Rock, in which he demonstrated a number of his famous techniques and practice regimens in detail. Throughout his career he released many more instructional videos.

Racer X toured the American southwest, primarily the state of California, selling out thousand-seat venues. Despite their rigorous fan base, they had no prospects for a major label deal and Gilbert became increasingly disinterested. In 1987, he was approached by Talas bassist Billy Sheehan, one of his biggest influences, about forming a band; it became Mr. Big.

Gilbert left Racer X in 1988, but reformed it after the 1996 breakup of Mr. Big.  Paul contacted the members of Racer X, and all agreed to return with the exception of Bruce Bouillet, who could barely play guitar at the time due to a severe bout of carpal tunnel syndrome. In mid-1999, the band recorded the album Technical Difficulties, which went gold in Japan.  Racer X's new record label requested a follow-up; so, in late 2000, they released Superheroes, mixed by Bouillet.

To further capitalize on their new-found success in Japan, Universal Japan requested that the band perform for a live-album CD and DVD. On May 25, 2001, the band played their first live performance in thirteen years, to a sold-out crowd, at the world-famous Whisky a Go Go in Los Angeles. The resulting CD and DVD were released in 2002 under the title Snowball of Doom.

In January 2002, in support of Superheroes and Snowball of Doom, Racer X toured Japan and Taiwan. The band performed these shows in their Superheroes costumes.  The tour's final show, in Yokohama, was hastily recorded in two tracks on the sound board and later released as Snowball of Doom 2. Later that year, Universal Japan pushed for another Racer X release. In October 2002, all four members of Racer X gathered at Gilbert's house in Las Vegas to record Getting Heavier, which was sold alongside Snowball of Doom 2 in a package deal. Although the album was a successful release in Japan, some fans were disappointed with the lighter tracks, which resembled a Paul Gilbert solo album more than a conventional Racer X album.

Racer X performed at the 2009 NAMM show at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California. Andy Timmons and his band opened the show, followed by a solo set from Paul Gilbert, and finally Racer X. The Racer X lineup consisted of Paul Gilbert, Scott Travis, Jeff Martin and John Alderete.

Mr. Big
When bass guitarist Billy Sheehan left David Lee Roth's solo band in 1988, he and Gilbert co-founded Mr. Big, which included Pat Torpey on drums and Eric Martin on vocals.  The band was initially successful in Japan, but achieved international stardom with the 1991 release of their second studio album Lean into It. This album featured the acoustic ballad "To Be with You", which received strong play on radio stations and MTV, rising to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Mr. Big broke up in 1996, at which point Gilbert launched his solo career. When Mr. Big reformed soon after, Gilbert, who was already committed to his own record contract, was replaced by Richie Kotzen. Mr. Big disbanded again in 2002, but Gilbert reunited the original members in June 2009 for a worldwide reunion tour. The band recorded a new album with producer Kevin Shirley titled What If.... The album was released in Japan on December 15, 2010, in Europe on January 21, 2011, and in the U.S. in Feb. 2011. A tour to support the album kicked off at the Hollywood location of The House of Blues on April 2, 2011, followed by several dates in Japan. In May and June 2011, the tour continued in Taiwan, China, Korea, The Philippines, and Europe.

In September 2014, Mr. Big released ...The Stories We Could Tell, produced by Pat Regan. During the recording of the album, it was revealed that drummer Pat Torpey had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.  For the tour that followed, Mr. Big enlisted the help of drummer Matt Starr of Burning Rain, to take over Torpey's drumming duties, whilst Torpey acted as "drum producer". Torpey did accompany the band on the subsequent tour, playing hand percussion, providing backup vocals and drumming on a few tracks per show.

The band released their ninth studio effort, Defying Gravity, on July 7, 2017. It is the last album to feature Torpey's drumming and first with Matt Starr's. On February 7, 2018, Torpey died from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 64. His last show took place at the Wulfrun Hall in Wolverhampton on November 23, 2017. A memorial show took place on May 23, 2018, at The Canyon in Agoura Hills, California, with former member Richie Kotzen as a special guest. The all-star finale of "To Be With You" included, among others, Matt Sorum, Dave Amato, Ricky Phillips, Keith St John, Prescott Niles, Kelly Keagy, Jeff Scott Soto, Ace Von Johnson and Gregg Bissonette.

In October 2018, singer Eric Martin said in an interview with Friday NI Rocks that the band is in the process of planning their next album. According to the frontman, once the band is done with its 2019 touring commitments, they will subsequently disband: "Yeah, that's the last hurrah – that's it. It feels a little uncomfortable to keep going without Pat Torpey."

Other projects

In May 2003 Gilbert performed twice with the project Yellow Matter Custard, a Beatles cover band consisting also of Mike Portnoy (ex-Dream Theater), Neal Morse (ex-Spock's Beard), and Matt Bissonette. In February 2011, Yellow Matter Custard reformed for three shows across America. Kasim Sulton replaced Matt Bissonette for these shows due to other commitments. The band took their name from a Beatles lyric in the song "I Am the Walrus": "Yellow matter custard, dripping from a dead dog's eye".

Gilbert rejoined Portnoy along with Dave LaRue and Daniel Gildenlöw for a Led Zeppelin tribute band called Hammer of the Gods in November 2003. The same year, Gilbert toured Japan with Linus Of Hollywood, TJ Helmerich, and Scot Coogan in support of his solo albums Burning Organ, Paul the Young Dude/The Best of Paul Gilbert, and Gilbert Hotel. In September 2005, he joined Portnoy, Sean Malone, and Jason McMaster in the Rush tribute band Cygnus and the Sea Monsters.  In May 2006, he joined Portnoy, Gary Cherone, and Billy Sheehan to form Amazing Journey: A Tribute to The Who, playing three shows. The band (excluding Sheehan) destroyed their equipment after the show in homage.

Gilbert was revealed to be the guest guitarist on the 2007 Neal Morse solo album Sola Scriptura. That same year, Gilbert toured with Bruce Bouillet to promote Gilbert's first instrumental album Get Out of My Yard. Joining him on tour was Gilbert's wife Emi on keyboards. Gilbert also joined Joe Satriani and John Petrucci on the 2007 G3 tour. This was the fifth North American G3 run and the 12th tour worldwide since its inception.

On January 23, 2008, Gilbert released an instrumental album titled Silence Followed by a Deafening Roar. The album was released in Europe on March 31, 2008, and in America on April 8, 2008. This was Gilbert's second instrumental album.

On October 22, 2008, Gilbert released an album with vocalist Freddie Nelson entitled United States. The collaboration has been described as a cross between Queen and Mr. Big.

Gilbert performed with Racer X at the 2009 NAMM Show at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California. Andy Timmons and his band opened the show, followed by a solo set from Gilbert, and finally Racer X. This Racer X lineup consisted of Gilbert, Scott Travis, Jeff Martin and John Alderete.

Gilbert also joined George Lynch and Richie Kotzen on the Guitar Generation tour.

On June 30, 2010, Gilbert's new album Fuzz Universe was released in Japan, with a release in America and Europe soon after. It was Gilbert's third instrumental solo album. A cover version of Johnny Cash's "Leave That Junk Alone" was featured as a Japanese bonus track.

On June 25, 2014, Gilbert released his studio album Stone Pushing Uphill Man. Initially only available in Japan, the album was eventually released in the United States on August 12, 2014.

Gilbert is currently the Rock Guitar instructor for ArtistWorks, an online music school.

Influences and style
When interviewed about his musical and stylistic influences, Paul Gilbert mentions many different artists, including: Randy Rhoads, Kim Mitchell, Eddie Van Halen, Yngwie Malmsteen, Tony Iommi, Alex Lifeson, Jimmy Page, Johnny Ramone, Robin Trower, Ritchie Blackmore, Pat Travers, Gary Moore, Michael Schenker, Judas Priest, Akira Takasaki, Steve Clark, Jimi Hendrix, Kiss, and The Ramones. On many occasions, Gilbert has stated that his uncle Jimi Kidd was vital in heavily fueling Gilbert's childhood interest in playing guitar. Gilbert grew up a great fan of Todd Rundgren, Cheap Trick and The Beatles, artists who frequently influence his songwriting style. He stated on the Space Ship Live DVD that George Harrison is one of his favorite guitar players. Guitar World magazine declared him one of 50 of the world's fastest guitarists of all time, along with Buckethead, Eddie Van Halen, and Yngwie Malmsteen.

Paul Gilbert composes music in a wide variety of styles, including pop, rock, metal, blues, and funk. He is best known for his shredding, stylistic versatility and efficient staccato picking technique. He combines fast picking and legato techniques in the same phrase, usually instinctively. When teaching/demonstrating a particular phrase, he has to think about what he is actually doing with his right hand in order to explain it. Despite being famous for his heavy metal work and his rapid right hand ability, Gilbert has since dissociated himself from that style of playing, instead gravitating towards blues and melodic ideas.

Instructional career
Paul Gilbert wrote his own section of the British guitar magazine, Total Guitar, where he normally demonstrated guitar techniques in the magazine and accompanying CD. Even before that, he contributed instructional articles to Guitar Player magazine in a late 1980s/early 1990s series entitled "Terrifying Guitar 101". His period of working with Total Guitar spanned 31 issues until the November 2006 issue. Gilbert also teaches at the Guitar Institute of Technology (GIT) regularly, and is also an "honorary dean" of the GIT division in Japan. Gilbert visits Japan, enjoying the lifestyle like his Shrapnel labelmate Marty Friedman, who still lives in Japan and speaks Japanese fluently. Gilbert is known for his instructional videos, which are often comical in nature. One of his instructional videos includes him pulling a rabbit out of his guitar, putting his guitar in a straitjacket and having presents thrown at him by members of the film crew. Gilbert also was, for a short time, the guitar teacher of Buckethead, Joey Tafolla, Russ Parrish (A.K.A. Satchel from Steel Panther), Michelle Meldrum (the late wife of Europe guitarist John Norum) and Nicole Couch of Phantom Blue. Gilbert now writes a column for Premier Guitar entitled "Shred Your Enthusiasm". In May 2012 he launched the Online Rock Guitar School with Paul Gilbert as a part of the ArtistWorks Guitar Campus.

In August 2014, Gilbert participated in the G4 Experience—a week-long guitar camp—with fellow guitarists Joe Satriani, Andy Timmons, and multi-instrumentalist Mike Keneally.

Equipment

Paul Gilbert primarily uses his Ibanez PGM signature series guitars, identified by the unique painted on "F-holes". Although earlier PGM models featured the Ibanez Lo-Pro/Edge double locking tremolo system, many of his guitars (such as his main PGM300) were modified to accommodate a fixed bridge after he stopped using whammy bars in the early 90s, hence the Ibanez PGM301 guitar. Along with his signature guitars, Gilbert often uses his sticker-covered "Dino" Ibanez RG750, in addition to a wide variety of Ibanez solid-body and semi-hollow electric guitars. Recently, Gilbert has been using Ibanez "Fireman" (a reversed-body Ibanez Iceman with single-coil pickups and an extra cutaway) guitars, which he designed himself. A red version of The Ibanez Fireman is to be mass-produced for consumers at a more affordable price than the Ibanez PGMFRM1 (current Paul Gilbert signature Fireman) in Fall 2011. Gilbert now has a short (22.2 inch) scale signature guitar – the Ibanez PGMM31 based on the existing Ibanez Mikro range.

In 2014, Gilbert announced his new Ibanez signature model guitar, FRM250MF, at NAMM 2014.

Gilbert endorses Direct Sound extreme isolation headphones, using the EX-29 model. Suffering tinnitus after years of loud music in headphones and live, Paul has posted a list of recommendations on how to help prevent tinnitus and noise-induced loss.

In 2020, Gilbert collaborated with boutique pedal maker JHS Pedals and released the "PG-14" tube-like distortion pedal.

Gilbert is a long time user of Ernie Ball strings and has used a variety of different gauges on his electric guitars, and he has stated he has used as light as their .08-.38 strings (Extra Slinky) and has used as heavy as their .11-.48 strings (Power Slinky). For picks, Gilbert currently uses several variations of Dunlop Tortex .50mm, .60mm and .73mm picks, explaining that he switched to thin picks because he likes the tone and the pick scratches they offer.

Personal life
Gilbert was married from 1993 to 1998 to Patricia Gilbert (née Patterson).

As of 2012, Gilbert has resided in Portland, Oregon, with his second wife, Emi Gilbert. They married in 2005 and have a son, born in 2014.

Discography

Solo
 King of Clubs (1998; Japan Oricon Album Chart #28)
 Flying Dog (1998; Japan Oricon Album Chart #23)
 Alligator Farm (2000; Japan Oricon Album Chart #24)
 Raw Blues Power (2002; w/ Jimi Kidd; Japan Oricon Album Chart #94)
 Burning Organ (2002; Japan Oricon Album Chart #27)
 Gilbert Hotel (2003)
 Space Ship One (2005; Japan Oricon Album Chart #53)
 Get Out of My Yard (2006; Japan Oricon Album Chart #52)
 Silence Followed by a Deafening Roar (2008; Japan Oricon Album Chart #39)
 United States (2009; w/ Freddie Nelson)
 Fuzz Universe (2010; Japan Oricon Album Chart #57)
 Vibrato (2012)
 Stone Pushing Uphill Man (2014)
 I Can Destroy (2016)
 Behold Electric Guitar (2019)
 Werewolves of Portland (2021)
 'TWAS (2021)
 The Dio Album (2023)

EPs
 Tribute to Jimi Hendrix (1991; Japan Oricon Album Chart #59)
 Tough Eskimo (2007)

Live albums
 Beehive Live (1999; Japan Oricon Album Chart #72)
 Acoustic Samurai (2003; Japan Oricon Album Chart #94)
 PG-30 Zepp Tokyo 2016.9.26'  (2017)

 Compilation albums
 Paul the Young Dude/The Best of Paul Gilbert (2003; Japan Oricon Album Chart #31)

 with Racer X See: Racer X Discography Street Lethal (1986)
 Second Heat (1987)
 Technical Difficulties (1999)
 Superheroes (2000)
 Getting Heavier (2002)

 with Mr. Big See: Mr. Big discography Mr. Big (1989)
 Lean into It (1991)
 Bump Ahead (1993)
 Hey Man (1996)
 What If... (2011)
 ...The Stories We Could Tell (2014)
 Defying Gravity (2017)

 Guest appearances
 Black Sheep – Trouble in the Streets (1985)
 Missing Lynx – Atomic Basement Tapes (1985)
 Darrell Mansfield Band – Revelation (1985)
 Jeff Berlin – Pump It! (1986)
 Joey Tafolla – Out of the Sun (1987)
 Todd Rundgren – Nearly Human (1989)
 Various artists – Guitars That Rule the World (1992)
 Samad – Samad (1994)
 Carmine Appice's Guitar Zeus – Carmine Appice's Guitar Zeus (1996)
 Akira Takasaki – Wa (1996)
 Gregg Bissonette – Gregg Bissonette (1998)
 Pat Torpey – Odd Man Out (1998)
 Pat Torpey – Y2K: Odd Man Out (1999)
 Various artists – In Rock Soundtrack (2000)
 Hughes Turner Project – HTP (2002)
 Various artists – Battle Gear III: The Edge (2003)
 Kim Fox – Return to Planet Earth (2003)
 Various artists – Guitar Wars (2003)
 Marco Minnemann – Mieze (2004)
 Pintsize – Five Feet... No Inches (2005; credited as "Dick Image")
 Marco Minnemann – Contraire de la chanson (2006)
 Wisely – Parador (2006)
 Jeff Pilson's War and Peace – Light at the End of the Tunnel (2006)
 Jeff Martin – The Fool (2006)
 Neal Morse – Sola Scriptura (2007)
 Neal Morse – Lifeline (2008)
 MC Lars – This Gigantic Robot Kills – (2009)
 Bowling for Soup – Merry Flippin' Christmas Volume 1 (2009)
 MC Lars – "Guitar Hero Hero" (2009)
 Neal Morse – Momentum (2012)
 Nick Johnston- In A Locked Room On The Moon (2013)
 Jacky Vincent – Star X Speed Story (2013)
 Ciro Manna – XY (2015)
 Ayreon – The Source (2017)
 Jason Becker – Triumphant Hearts (2018)
 Donnie Vie – Beautiful Things (2019)
 Nick D'Virgilio - Invisible (2020)

 Tribute album appearances
 Various artists – Smoke on the Water: A Tribute (1994)
 Various artists – Jeffology: A Guitar Chronicle (1996)
 Various artists – Merry Axemas: A Guitar Christmas (1997)
 Various artists – Humanary Stew: A Tribute to Alice Cooper (1999)
 Various artists – Warmth in the Wilderness: A Tribute to Jason Becker (2001)
 Yellow Matter Custard – One Night in New York City (2003)
 Various artists – Spin the Bottle: an All-Star Tribute to Kiss (2004)
 Various artists – Numbers from the Beast: An All Star Tribute to Iron Maiden (2005)
 Hammer of the Gods – Two Nights in North America (June 12, 2006)
 Cygnus and the Sea Monsters – One Night in Chicago (2006)
 Amazing Journey – One Night in New York City (March 18, 2007)
 Yellow Matter Custard – One More Night In New York City (2011)

 Videography

 Intense Rock Jams – Sequences & Techniques VHS version (1988)
 Intense Rock II featuring Paul Gilbert VHS version (1991)
 Terrifying Guitar Trip VHS version (1995)
 Guitars from Mars Japanese DVD release (1996)
 Guitars from Mars II Japanese DVD release (1996)
 Eleven Thousand Notes DVD
 Guitar Wars DVD
 Space Ship Live DVD (2005)
 Complete Intense Rock DVD (2006)
 Terrifying Guitar Trip DVD (2006)
 Get Out Of My Yard Guitar Instructional DVD/VCD (2007)
 One Night In New York City – Yellow Matter Custard (2003)
 Two Nights In North America – Hammer Of The Gods (2006)
 One Night In Chicago – Cygnus And The Sea Monsters (2006)
 One Night In New York City – Amazing Journey (2007)
 Silence Followed By A Deafening Roar Guitar Instructional DVD And Shred Annex (2008)
 PG-30 Live At Zepp Tokyo 2016'' DVD (2017)

References

External links

 Official website
 Online Rock Guitar School with Paul Gilbert
The official Racer X site
Paul Gilbert Guitar Noize Interview
Paul Gilbert on Last.fm
Paul Gilbert artist page at Guitar Video Channel

1966 births
Living people
American heavy metal guitarists
American pop rock singers
Lead guitarists
Racer X (band) members
Mr. Big (American band) members
G3 (tour)
People from Greensburg, Pennsylvania
People from Carbondale, Illinois
Musicians Institute alumni
Singers from Pennsylvania
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American guitarists
Yellow Matter Custard members

Paul Gilbert


Percy Charles Wyndham (27 September 1757 – 5 August 1833) was an English politician.

He was the second son of Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont and Alicia Maria, daughter of the 2nd Baron Carpenter, and brother of Hon. Charles William Wyndham. He was educated at Westminster School from 1765 to 1774, and then at Christ Church, Oxford in 1774.

Wyndam was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Chichester from 1782 to 1784, when he lost his seat due to his support for Charles James Fox. At the 1790 election his older brother the 3rd Earl of Egremont returned both Percy and Charles as MPs for his pocket borough of Midhurst. In Parliament, he continued to support Fox.

The Earl sold his interest in Midhurst in 1795, and Percy did not seek re-election in 1796.

References

1757 births
1833 deaths
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British MPs 1780–1784
British MPs 1790–1796
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
People educated at Westminster School, London
Percy Charles
Younger sons of earls

Percy Charles Wyndham


Ven. Thich Nhat Tu or Thích Nhật Từ (釋日慈) in Vietnamese (Saigon, 1969) is a Vietnamese Buddhist reformer, an author, a poet, a psychological consultant, and an active social activist in Vietnam. He is committed to propagate Buddha's teachings through education, cultural activities and charitable programs in order to benefit the individuals and the society at large.

Biography
Ven. Thich Nhat Tu was born in 1969. After completing secondary high school, he became a novice at 13 years old, under the spiritual guidance of the late Most Ven. Thich Thien Hue at Giac Ngo Temple and received full ordination in 1988. He has been the Abbot of Giac Ngo Temple since 1992, and is the founder of Buddhism Today Foundation in 2000. He is also the Abbot of Huong Son temple (Ha Tinh), Quan Am Dong Hai temple (Soc Trang), and Giac Ngo temple (Ba Ria - Vung Tau).

In 1992 he went to India for higher education and got his MA degree in philosophy in 1997 from Delhi University and D.Phil. degree from Allahabad University in 2001, respectively.

Ven. Thich Nhat Tu has authored more than seventy books in Vietnamese and English on Buddhist philosophy and applied Buddhism. He is editor-in-chief and publisher of Buddhism Today Books Series (more than 200 volumes on different subjects have been published in Vietnamese to meet the needs of researchers and practitioners). He is also author and editor of Buddhism Today Dharma Talks Series (more than 2000 VCDs and audio CDs on Buddhamdharma as taught by Ven. Dr. Thich Nhat Tu have been produced by the Buddhism Today Association for the general public). He is editor and publisher of Buddhism Today Dharma Music Series (more than 100 CD albums have been published).

He is also editor and publisher of the Vietnamese Tripitaka in MP3 format (The recording of the Vietnamese Sutta Pitaka translated from the Pali by Thich Minh Chau and that of the Mahayana tradition translated from the Chinese by various Mahayana scholars, the Āgamas, and Vinaya Pitaka. The Abhidharma is being carried out. The first mp3 edition of Sutta Pitaka came into existence in May 2006 for celebrations of Buddha Jayanti and has been placed on one of its websites, for downloading to both Macintosh and Windows computers. It is available for free distribution and non-commercial purposes.

Since 2002, he has extensively given public Dharma talks to Vietnamese communities, domestically as well as internationally, such as America, Australia and Europe. He is organizer and moderator of A Fortnightly Retreat for about 1500 practitioners at Pho Quang Temple, HCMC.

He is also actively engaged in the inter-religious dialogue and promotion of peace and harmony. He is committed to propagate Buddhist teachings through education, cultural activities and charitable programs in order to benefit the society at large.

Ven. Dr. Thich Nhat Tu currently serves as Standing Vice Rector of the Vietnam Buddhist University in Ho Chi Minh city, Standing Vice Chair of the National Department of International Buddhist Affairs (National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha), Vice Rector of Vietnam Buddhist Research Institute, and General Editor of Vietnamese Buddhist Tripitaka and Editor-in-chief of Buddhism Today magazine.

Education and conference
In spite of being born in the period when the country was still in difficulties with after war consequences, all Buddhist schools were forced to close, he was fortunate enough to be trained under respected Buddhist leaders in Vietnam in the 20th century, namely Thich Minh Chau, Thich Thien Sieu, Thich Duc Nghiep, etc... Thanks to their teachings and training, when still a Samanera, he was already rich in knowledge of Theravada and Mahayana sutras. He got a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1994, University of Pedagogy; Master of Philosophy in 1997, Delhi University; Doctor of Philosophy in 2001, Allahabad University.

Thich Nhat Tu has attended and contributed papers at international Buddhist conferences such as the International Conclave on Buddhism and Spiritual Tourism (New Delhi), Fo Guang Shan International Monastic Seminar (Kaohsiung), the Fourth World Buddhist Summit (Bangkok), Dharma Drum Mountain World Center for Buddhist Education Conference (Taipei), the First World Buddhist Forum (Hangzhou), the 23rd General Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists (Kaohsiung), the First International Buddhist Conference (Kandy), International Buddhist Conference during United Nations day of Vesak (Thailand, 2007–2013), the Asian Zen Conference (international seminar on Meditation and Zen, Hong Kong), International Conference on Dharma – Dhamma (Sanchi/ Bhopal, India), National Conference on Buddhist Education (Hanoi), the International Conference on Buddhism in the New Era (HCM), International Conference on Multi-ethnic and Multi-language Asia, and others (HCM), etc.

He was international conference coordinator of United Nations Day of Vesak conference 2008 and 2014. He was convenor of several national conference on philosophy and Buddhism co-organised by Vietnam Buddhist University, Vietnam Buddhist Research Institute and HCM University of Humanities and Social Sciences.

He has been appointed as the International Organising Committee member of the UN Day of Vesak Celebration 2006–2012 and vice chair, international secretariat of the UN Day of Vesak Celebration 2007, Bangkok, general secretary of UNDV in 2008 and again deputy general secretary of UNDV 2014 and 2019.

Honorary doctorates
In appreciation of his excellent contribution to Buddhist education, his works on Buddhist academic research and leadership in international Buddhist community, several universities have conferred upon him Honorary Doctorates as follows:
 2010: Honorary Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies, conferred by the Mahamakut Buddhist University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 30, 2010;
 2016: Honorary Degree of Doctor in Philosophy, conferred by the Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Bangkok, Thailand, on May 15, 2016.
 2016: Honorary Degree of Doctor Letters, conferred by Apollos University, USA, on Jun 20, 2016.
 2019: Honorary Doctor of Letters conferred by Chancellor of Swami Vivekanand Subhrati University, Meerut, India, on April 27, 2019.
 2019: Doctor of Philosophy in Humanity Honoris Causa conferred by Rector of Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on March 31, 2019.
 2021: Honorary Doctoral of Philosophy in Morality Education conferred by President of International University of Morality, USA on Oct 14, 2021.
 2022: Honorary Doctor Degree of Literature (Sahithya Chakrawarthi) conferred by Chancellor of Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka, on April 6, 2022; Ref. BPU/ASS-04/Con.12/2021.

International Awards and Recognitions
 2013:  African Award for Leadership Excellence conferred by Chairman of the board of Buddhist Federation of African, on October 13, 2013.
 2015:  Saddhammajotikadhaja Title conferred by Government of Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar, on March 4, 2015.
 2015:  The World Buddhist Outstanding Leader Award conferred by Acting Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, President of the Supreme Sangha Council, Bangkok, Thailand, on March 5, 2015.
 2017:  Global Buddhist Reformer Award conferred by President of World Alliance of Buddhist Leaders, Malaysia, July 22, 2017.
 2017:  Global Buddhist Ambassador Award conferred by H.E. Loknayak Ashva Ghosh Mahanayaka, Chairman of Manak International Institute of Buddhist Studies, Bangkok, February 12, 2017.
 2018:  Global Mentor Award conferred by Chancellor of Swami Vivekanand Subhrati University, Meerut, India, July 30, 2018.
 2019:  International Research and Education Award conferred by President of Asian Association for the Study of Culture and Religion of, March 31, 2019.
 2019:  International education Award conferred by President of Nepal Traditional Buddhist Association, Lumbini, February 28, 2019.
 2019:  Saddharma Keerthi Sri Darshana Visharada Award conferred by Sangharaja of Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena Ratmalana, Colombo, Sri Lanka, July 16, 2019
 2019:  Suvanna Pathom Chedi Award given by National Office of Buddhism, Thailand conferred by Somdej Phra Ariyavongsagatanana, Sangharaja, Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, August 4, 2019
 2019:  Outstanding Educator Award conferred by Founder of International Buddhist College, Thailand, on September 7, 2019.
 2019:  Atisha Dipankar Peace Gold Award conferred by HH. Sanghanayaka Suddhananda, Sangharaja of Bangladesh Bouddha Kristi Prachar Sangha, October 21, 2019
 2019:  The Award for Patronaging and Supporting Buddhism conferred by Somdej Phra Ariyavongsagatanana, Sangharaja, Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, July 16, 2019.
 2019:  Global Mahasaddhamjotika Award conferred by President of Younker Historical Research Foundation, March 7, 2019.
 2021:  Vaishakh Samman Prashastri Patra Award (Vesak Citation of Honour) conferred by Ministry of Culture Government of India, Bodhgaya, May 26, 2021.
 2021:  The Symbol of Peace Award conferred by Pallavi T, President of the Neeraja Universal Peace Foundation, India, September 21, 2021.
 2021:  Global Messenger of Peace Award conferred by
 2021:  The Symbol of Peace Award conferred by Kepeel Barsaiyan, President of Buddh Jyoti Foundation, India, September 21, 2021.
 2021:  Social Change and World Peace Award by Bhikkhu Pragyadeep, General Secretary of All India Bhikkhu Sangha, Bihar, India, September 30, 2021.
 2021:  Outstanding Contribution to Education Award by Acharya Norbu Sherpa, President of Nepal Buddhist Federation, September 20, 2021.
 2021:  Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Best Faculty Award 2021 conferred by Dr.Ratnakar D. Bala, President of Center for Professional Advancement Continuous Education - CPACE, India, September 5, 2021.
 2021:  Exemplary Covid-19 Social Work Award conferred by Bhikkhu Vinaybodhi, President, Mumbai Pradesh Bhikkhu Sangha, India, September 30, 2021.
 2021:  Best Leadership Award conferred by Chandrabhan Patil, President of The Buddhist Society of India, India, September 30, 2021.
 2021:  The Award for Mindful Educator conferred by Sulekhatai Kumbhare, President of Ogawa Society, September 30, 2021.
 2021:  World Teacher's Day Award conferred by Prof.Ratnakar, Director of IMRF Institute of Higher Education & Research, October 5, 2021.

Vietnamese Government Awards and Recognitions
 2008:  Vietnamese Prime Minister's Award conferred by Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung.
 2014:  Vietnam Union of UNESCO Associations Award conferred by President of Vietnam Union of UNESCO Associations.
 2015:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of HCM City conferred by President of Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of HCM Cityon January 19, 2015
 2016:  HCM City People's Committee Award conferred by President Nguyễn Thành Phong on November 3, 2016 .
 2016:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Tien Giang Province conferred by President of Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Tien Giang Provinceon January 12, 2016 .
 2017:  Vietnamese Prime Minister's Award for Serving Buddhism and Nation conferred by Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc on November 20, 2017 .
 2017:  Award of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front conferred by President on September 12, 2017 .
 2017:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of HCM City conferred by President on February 20, 2017 .
 2017:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Tien Giang Province conferred by President on March 7, 2017 .
 2018:  Award of the People's Committee of District 10 conferred by President on November 20, 2018 .
 2018:  Award of the People's Committee of District 10 conferred by President on January 5, 2018 .
 2018:  Certificate of Merit from the Director of Blood Transfusion Hospital conferred by Director on November 26, 2018.
 2018:  Certificate of Merits for Good People – Good Deeds 2018 conferred by President on November 14, 2018 .
 2019:  Vietnamese Prime Minister's Award for Excellent Education conferred by Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc on September 17, 2019 .
 2019:  Vietnamese Prime Minister's Award conferred by Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc on November 11, 2019 .
 2019:  Minister of Health Award conferred by Health Minister Nguyễn Thị Kim Tiến on January 17, 2019 .
 2020:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of HCM City conferred by President Tô Thị Bích Châu on July 1, 2020
 2021:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Dong Nai Province conferred by President of Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Dong Nai Province on Sep 8, 2021.
 2021:  Award of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of HCM City conferred by President Tô Thị Bích Châu on Sep 10, 2020.

National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha Awards
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Merit Award.
2007: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Award, term of office 2002-2007
2008: National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012:  HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Merit Award
2012: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award, term of office 2007-2012
2012: Vietnam Buddhist University's Award
2013: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Merit Award for Buddhist Education
2013: Vietnam Guinness Record "The best Editor and publisher of Buddhist books"
2014: Vietnam Buddhist Research Institute's Outstanding Merit Award for Buddhist Education
2014: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Merit Award for Buddhist Culture Promotion
2014: National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award.
2016: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Merit Award for Buddhist Culture Promotion.
2017: Vietnam Buddhist Research Institute's Outstanding Merit Award for Buddhist Research.
2017: National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award for Buddhist Publication.
2017: National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award for International Buddhist Affairs.
2017: HCMC Buddhist Sangha's Merit Award for Buddhist Culture Promotion.
2017: National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award for Buddhist Education.
2017: National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Outstanding Merit Award for Dharma Propagation.

Promotion of the Buddhist culture
Since 2002, Thich Nhat Tu set up a Buddhist Music Club in Ho Chi Minh city, with the participation of many famous songwriters, singers and actors to propagate the Buddhist philosophy and practice for general public. He is the editor and publisher of more than 150 CD, VCD, DVD of Buddhist music since 2002.

Being a secretary general of Cultural Department, HCMC Buddhist Sangha (2002–2007) and chairman of the Cultural Department of HCMC Buddhist Sangha (since 2012), every year he organises many Buddhist cultural performances at Lan Anh theatre and Hoa Binh theatre. On top of that, many Buddhist exhibitions, calligraphy, and arts have been organised by him too.

He wrote Follow the Footsteps of the Buddha in India and Nepal, a book that bought the inspiration for the VTC1 Television to accompany him to India to make documentary film about Buddhist pilgrimage in India and Nepal.

Charity for the poor and jail inmates
He is an active social activist and charity fundraiser to help the poor, the old, children, homeless and those suffered from natural disasters, etc... He formed Buddhism Today Charity Group in 2000 to sponsor hundreds of eyes operation a year, donating to Social Support Centers, Retirement Houses, Orphanage Houses, Youth Education Centers, and cancer patients in many hospitals in Vietnam.

He has conducted meditation retreats for thousands of inmates in several rehabilitation facilities and correctional facilities in South Vietnam, such as Tan Hiep (1200 inmates), Chanh Phu Hoa (1000 inmates), Phu Nghia (400 inmates) and Ba Ria Vung Tau (800 inmates).

On February 5 and April 23, 2007, a total of 1850 "long-term" inmates of K.20 Prison, a security jail in Ben Tre Province, and on May 1, 2010, a total of 5500 inmates of Son Phu 4, Thai Nguyen city, under his guidance, have observed vegetarianism and mindfulness practice as a path to inner freedom.

The Buddhist Youth Club
He took part in the foundation of The Buddhist Youth Club in 2006. He promoted the youth activities in South Vietnam in 2010 in which there were 4,000 young Buddhists from 24 cities and provinces to participate in the Buddhist Summer Camp in Dai Nam Theme Park, Binh Duong Province.

Nowadays his model of Buddhist Youth Club has been applied by many provincial Buddhist Sanghas to propagate Buddhism and organise retreats for lay followers, as well as giving exam consultation every year.,

The Dhamma Door
In hundreds of his Dharma talks, Ven. Thich Nhat Tu urges monks, nuns, and lay people to practice the original teachings of the Buddha, in which The Four Noble Truths (sufferings, origin of sufferings, cessation of sufferings, and path leading to cessation of sufferings) and The Noble Eightfold Path are the central doctrine of all Buddhist traditions, a conceptual framework for all of Buddhist thoughts,  instead of being influenced by the Chinese Buddhism.

According to Ven Thich Nhat Tu, there is no such of 84,000 Dharma doors as stated by Chinese schools. In original Buddhism, there is no second Dharma door except threefold learning Discipline, Meditation, and Wisdom. Chinese Dharmas only focus on a few sutras, and tend to ignore all other teachings of the Buddha, as a consequence it is not comprehensive enough to help people cure sufferings completely. To him, 10 Dhamma Doors of China, 14 Dhamma Doors of Japan, and 4 of Tibet are only two parts of The Noble Eightfold Paths which are Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration. Dharma doors propagators have ignored Right View, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, and Right Effort. That is why none of the Dharma Doors is comprehensive.

He urges Vietnamese Buddhist monks, nuns and lay followers to come back to the traditional Buddhism, maintain and propagate Vietnamese Buddhist culture in Vietnam, not to let it be influenced by Chinese traditions which have rooted in Vietnam in the past 2,000 years. He calls for a traditional Vietnamese chanting and writing. In Vietnam, all should be chanted and written in Vietnamese language so that everyone understands and follows the Buddha's teaching appropriately, as the full transition of Chinese tradition has deteriorated the initiatives and growth of Vietnamese Buddhism.

United Nations Day of Vesak 2008 and 2014 in Vietnam
The greatest contribution of Ven. Thich Nhat Tu to the public relation of Vietnam Buddhist Sangha is successfully calling for the celebration of UN Day of Vesak (UNDV) (United Nations Day of Vesak) 2008 and 2014 in Vietnam. As the deputy secretary of International Organising Committee (IOC) of United Nations Day of Vesak in Bangkok, he drafted the charter of UNDV, and introduced Le Manh That to IOC of UNDV. As a result, in late 2007, Le Manh That was appointed by IOC as chairman and Ven. Thich Nhat Tu as secretary general of UNDV in 2008, hosted by the Government of Vietnam at National Conference Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.

UNDV 2008 has attracted 550 Buddhist leaders and representatives from 78 countries to attend, while UNDV 2014 attended by 1100 international participants from 95 countries. In 2008, it was one of the 10 biggest events of the country, also a historical record in Vietnam.

UNDV in 2008 and 2014 proved an amazing spectacle of religious and spiritual festivity, with thousands of Buddhists from the world to spread Buddha's message of peace, love and harmony.

He successfully called for the celebration of World Buddhist Summit in Vietnam in 2010, in the Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi. Unfortunately, it was cancelled due to conflicted views between VN Buddhist Sangha and World Buddhist Summit Organisation. It is believed that Thich Nhat Tu is of Vietnamese Monks who has been able to being a bridge between National Vietnam Buddhist Sangha and international Sanghas. Thanks to that VN Buddhist Sangha has gained its reputation internationally.

Thích Nhật Từ's Positions 2022-2027
 Standing member of Vietnam Buddhist Sangha's Executive Council, and Standing Vice Chairman of International Buddhist Affairs Vietnam Buddhist Sangha
 Standing Vice Rector of Vietnam Buddhist University, HCM city
 Vice Director of Vietnam Buddhist Search Institute, and General Editor of Vietnamese Tripitaka Translation project
 Vice Chairman of National Department of Buddhist Education
 Vice Chairman of Vietnam Buddhist Sangha of HCM City, and Chairman of Department of International Buddhist Affairs

Published works

English books
 Buddhist Soteriological Ethics: A Study of the Buddha's Central Teachings. Sai Gon: Oriental Press, 2011.
 Inner Freedom: A Spiritual Journey for Jail Inmates. Hanoi: News Agency Press, 2008, 2011, 2014.
 Engaged Buddhism, Social Change and World Peace. Hanoi: Religion Press, 2014.
 United Nations Day of Vesak 2008. Hanoi: Religion Press, 2014.
 Buddhist Art: An Exhibition Celebrating UN Vesak 2014. Hanoi: Religion Press, 2014.

Books on applied Buddhism
 Pure Land Paradise: An Analysis of Amitabha Sutra.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2009. p. 142.
 Life after Death.  Saigon: Sai Gon Culture Press, 2010. p. 126.
 A Guide for Writing Research Paper.  Saigon: HCM Publishing House, 2003. p. 200.
 Understanding the Sutra of Forty-two Chapters.  Sai Gon: New Age Press, 2010. p. 499.
 Letting go for Freedom.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 87.
 Transformation of Emotion.  Saigon: New Age Press, 2010. p. 112.
 Understanding, Love and Sympathy.  Saigon: New Age Press, 2010. p. 174.
 Global Financial Crisis from a Buddhist Point of View.  Saigon: Hai Phong Press, 2009. p. 152.
 No Enemy: A Buddhist Approach to Peace.  Saigon: New Age Press, 2010. p. 121.
 Transformation of Anger.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 180.
 Facing the Death.  Saigon: New Age Press, 2010. p. 169.
 Turning Your Head, There Is a Shore.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 202.
 Happiness in Daily Life.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 194.
 A Peaceful Path.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 168.
 Happiness in Your Palms.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 149.
 A Pair of Sleeper: A Buddhist Approach to Happy Marriage.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2010. p. 178.
 Buddhism in Modern Era.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2011. p. 171.
 Happiness for the Elderly.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2011. p. 130.
 A Healthy and Happy Life.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2012. p. 124.
 Ten Important Things to be remembered.  Hanoi: Hong Duc Press, 2012. p. 128.
 14 Golden Teachings of the Buddha.  Hanoi: Hong Duc Press, 2012. p. 117.
 The Path to Transformation: Application of the Eightfold Path in Daily Life.  Hanoi: Hong Duc Press, 2012. p. 208.
 The Sutra on the Eight Realizations of the Great Beings: A Practical Approach.  Hanoi: Hong Duc Press, 2012. p. 194.
 Essence of Wisdom: A Practical Interpretation of the Heart Sutra.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2012. p. 266.
 Buddhist Thought Magazine,  editor. Saigon: 1991

Buddhist chanting books (translator)
 Buddhist Daily Chanting Book.   Hanoi: Religion Press, 1994, 2005, p. 992.
 Buddhist Ritual Book.  Saigon: The Oriental Press, 2011, p. 390.
 Kṣitigarbha Sutra.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2008, p. 154.
 Sutra on the last teachings of the Buddha.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2009, p. 62.
 Collection of Buddhist Mantras.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2010. p. 30.
 Gratitude to Parents Chanting Book.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2006. p. 62.
 Buddha Jayanti Chanting Book.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2006. p. 48.
 Buddhist Repentance Book.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2002. p. 52.
 Sutra on Amitabha Buddha.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2003.
 Buddhist Prayer for the Death.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2005. p. 68.
 Buddhist Prayer for the Disease.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2005. p. 40.
 Vesak Chanting Book.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2006.
 Metta Sutta and Mangala Sutta.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2009. p. 42.
 Buddhist Sutras for Beginners.  Hanoi: Hong Duc Publisher, 2013. p. 124.
 Buddhist Sutras for the Laity.  Hanoi: Religion Press, 2013. p. 980.

Vietnamese Buddhist music

PART I: BUDDHIST SONGS BY THEMES

I. SONGS ON "THE BUDDHA"
 Life of the Buddha (Cuộc đời đức Phật)
 Life of Shakyamuni Buddha (Cuộc đời đức Phật Thích-ca)
 Siddhartha's Birthday (Tất-đạt-đa đản sanh)
 Happy Buddha's Birthday (Mừng Phật đản sanh)
 Celebrating the birth of Shakyamuni Buddha (Mừng Phật vào đời)
 The story of Shakyamuni Buddha descending to earth (Chuyện Phật Thích-ca giáng trần)
 Siddhartha the Buddha (Đức Phật Thích-ca)
 In search of the truth that saves all beings (Đi tìm chân lý cứu muôn loài)
 Siddhartha renunciation (Tất-đạt-đa xuất gia)
 Song of the enlightenment (Tất-đạt-đa xuất gia)
 Celebrate Buddhahood (Mừng Phật thành đạo)
 The Three Insights of the Buddha (Ba tuệ giác của Phật)
 The Buddha turned the Dharma Wheel (Đức Phật chuyển pháp luân)
 Buddha's turning the Dharma Wheel for saving all beings (Phật chuyển pháp luân độ đời)
 Buddha's loving kindness (Tình thương của Phật)
 Buddha's boundless mind (Tâm Phật vô biên)
 Buddha saves humanity (Đức Phật cứu nhân loại)
 Refuge in Buddha (Con nương tựa Phật)
 I follow the Buddha's truth (Con theo chân lý Phật)
 Buddha Truth (chân lý Phật)
 Wisdom of Buddha (Trí tuệ của Phật)
 Buddha's passing away (Tưởng niệm đức Phật niết-bàn)

II. SONGS ON "FOLLOWING THE BUDDHA'S FOOTSTEPS"
 1. The Buddha within you (Có Phật trong con)
 2. The Buddha's path (Con đường của Phật)
 3. Meeting with Buddha through incarnations (Con gặp Phật qua các hóa thân)
 4. Being a Vietnamese Buddhist (Con là Phật tử Việt Nam)
 5. Following the Buddha (Con theo Phật)
 6. Looking and Meeting the Buddha (Con tìm Phật và gặp Phật)
 7. Be enlightened by the Buddha (Được Phật dẫn đường soi sáng)
 8. Take refuge in the Triple Gem (Nương tựa Phật Pháp Tăng)
 9. Buddha's grace loves you (Ơn Phật thương con)
 10. Buddha guides my life (Phật dìu dắt đời con)
 11. The Dharma enlightens my life (Phật pháp soi sáng đời con)
 12. Blessed may I meet the Buddha (Phúc cho con gặp Phật)
 13. Thank the Buddha for embracing Buddhism (Tạ ơn Phật cho con gặp đạo vàng)
 14. I go looking for me (Tôi đi tìm tôi)
 15. I met the Buddha in three sinking seven floats (Tôi gặp Phật trong ba chìm bảy nổi)
 16. Because the Buddha loves me (Vì Phật thương con)
 17. Innocent Novices (Chú tiểu hồn nhiên)
 18. I follow Buddha to save humanity  (Con theo Phật cứu đời)
 19. Kathina offering (Dâng y cúng dường)
 20. Offering Kathina to Sangha (Dâng y Kathina)
 21. Buddhism (Đạo Phật)
 22. Follow the Master's example  (Noi gương thầy)
 23. Buddha's grace chose me (Ơn Phật đã chọn con)
 24. Hingly divine grace (Ơn thiêng cao ngất)
 25. Live spiritually in the daily life (Sống đạo giữa đời thường)
 26. Follow in the footsteps of Buddha (Theo dấu chân Phật)
 27. Why follow Buddha (Vì sao theo Phật)
 28. May Buddha give me (Xin Phật cho con)
 29. Head shaving and ordination (Xuống tóc xuất gia)

References

External links

Pháp thoại của Thầy Thích Nhật Từ
Ven. Nhat Tu's profile (Vài nét về thầy Thích Nhật Từ)
Ven. Nhat Tu's Selected writings on Buddhism Today website (Các tác phẩm của Tỳ Kheo Thích Nhật Từ trên trang Đạo Phật Ngày Nay)
Ven. Nhat Tu's Buddhism Today website (Tỳ Kheo Thích Nhật Từ biên tập trang Đạo Phật Ngày Nay)
Ven. Nhat Tu's Dharma Talks in Vietnamese (Trang Tủ Sách Phật Học: Đại Tạng Kinh Việt Nam và pháp thoại MP3của Tỳ kheo Thích Nhật Từ biên tập)
Ven. Nhat Tu's on http://quangduc.com (Tỳ Kheo Thích Nhật Từ trên trang Quảng Đức)

1969 births
Living people
21st-century Buddhist monks
Buddhist pacifists
Scholars of Buddhism
Buddhist translators
People from Ho Chi Minh City
Nonviolence advocates
Thiền Buddhists
Vietnamese academics
Vietnamese Buddhist missionaries
Vietnamese Buddhist monks
20th-century Buddhist monks
Vietnamese pacifists
Vietnamese translators
Vietnamese Zen Buddhists
Zen Buddhist monks
Missionary linguists

Thích Nhật Từ


Rasam () is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language film based on food, tastes, restaurants and catering services. The film was directed and co-written by Rajeev Nath. Nedumudi Venu, Rajeev Nath and Sudip Kumar co-written the screenplay of the story written by Sudip. It stars Mohanlal and Indrajith Sukumaran in lead alongside Nedumudi Venu, Devan and Varuna Shetty in supporting roles.

The principal photography commenced on 8 January 2014 at Doha. Filming underway at the locations in Doha, Dubai, Qatar, Kochi, Ottapalam and Thiruvananthapuram. Rasam released on 23 January 2015 and failed to impress the critics.

Plot summary

The film takes place in Doha where Shekhar Menon, a business tycoon arranges his daughter's wedding to be done in a traditional Kerala style feast. Actor Mohanlal invites Valliyottu Thirumeni to take up the catering for the wedding reception of the star's close friend Shekhar Menon's daughter Janaki. Vasudevan, Balu and team fly to Doha. But circumstances force Balu to take over from his father. As the name suggests, food forms the central character in the film.

Cast
 Indrajith Sukumaran as Bala Shankar
 Varuna Shetty as Janaki Menon
 Nedumudi Venu as Valliyottu Thirumeni
 Mohanlal as himself (cameo)
 Devan as Shekhar Menon
 Jagadish as Abdu
 Nandhu as Govindan Nair
 Mythili as Shahida
 Ambika Mohan as Bala's mother and Thirumeni's wife
 Rajesh Rajan as Job
 Dileep Shankar
 Albert Alex as Josemon
 Satheesh Menon as Family Doctor
 Nihal Pillai as Manu
 Bindu K Menon as Menon's wife and Janaki's mother

Casting
Mohanlal was signed in a cameo role as himself. In the film, he appeared as the friend of a leading businessman in Dubai. "Mohanlal has a pivotal role in Rasam as he is the one who mentors Indrajith in his work at the wedding in Dubai", says Rajeev. Indrajith plays Balu, a Namboothiri cook who runs a restaurant in Kerala. Balu is a B. Tech and MBA degree holder. He follows his father, a popular cook who is invited to Doha to do catering service for a marriage ceremony.

Varuna Shetty was cast as the heroine, her debut film in Malayalam. She does the role of Janaki, daughter of a Dubai-based business man. It is her wedding which centres the main plot in the film. Her father calls renowned chefs from Kerala to make a traditional Sadya for her wedding. Mythili is the other female lead in the film. Nihal Pillai is playing a villain role in the film.

Filming
The principal photography began on 8 January 2014 at Doha. The shooting was held in the restaurant Spice Boat, which is indeed the hotel owned by Indrajith's mother Mallika Sukumaran. The crew returned from Doha only by 13 January. The rest of the shoot progressed in Ottappalam. A Thiruvathirakkali of 300 artists was shot in Dubai. The film was shot in and around the Gulf regions. The shooting in Dubai was wrapped in two weeks and return to shoot in Ottapalam. In May, the film completed its shoot in Doha, Dubai, Kochi, and Thiruvananthapuram.

Music

The soundtrack consists of 3 songs composed by Job Kurian and sung by K. S. Chithra, Kavalam Sreekumar and Job Kurian himself. Lyrics are penned by Kavalam Narayana Panicker. Rasam makes the debut of musician turned composer Job Kurian. Previously he had co-composed the background score of a Kannada film. K.S Chithra had sung a traditional thiruvathira song and Kavalam Sreekumar sung a fun song on the occasion of a feast. Job Kurian's is a travel track in the drum and base genre with Indian elements.

References

External links

2010s Malayalam-language films
2015 films
Kerala cuisine
Films shot in Qatar
Films shot in Dubai
Films shot in Ottapalam
Films shot in Kochi
Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram
Films about food and drink
Cooking films
Films directed by Rajeevnath

Rasam (film)


Herbert Owen Reed (June 17, 1910 – January 6, 2014) was an American composer, conductor, and author.

Personal life
Reed was raised in rural Odessa, Missouri, where his first exposure to music was his father's playing of the old-time fiddle (accompanied by his mother at the piano).

Reed was married twice, for nearly fifty years to Esther, who preceded him in death; and for 31 years to Mary, who traveled the world with him and survived him. He had two daughters, three step-children, fifteen grandchildren, and twenty-two great-grandchildren.
Reed was an avid fisherman and world traveler. After starting to play jazz in college, he continued beyond his hundredth year, including membership in a Michigan State faculty combo known as the "Geriatric Six."

Education
In addition to his childhood with musically inclined parents, he was also attracted to the popular piano music of the 1920s (such as the novelty piano tunes of Zez Confrey), as well as his family's player piano, which played popular tunes. He studied piano with Odessa's only piano teacher, Mrs. Felts, who attempted to interest him in the music of Bach and Beethoven.

In 1937 he enrolled at the Eastman School of Music (studying composition with Howard Hanson and Bernard Rogers, conducting with Paul White, musicology with Howard Gleason, and music theory with Allen I. McHose), receiving a Ph.D. in composition in 1939. In 1942, at the Berkshire Music Center (Tanglewood), Massachusetts, he studied composition with Bohuslav Martinů, and contemporary music with Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein and Stanley Chappel. In the summer of 1947, he studied composition with Roy Harris at Colorado Springs, Colorado, and also attended lessons with Arnold Schoenberg.

Career
H. Owen Reed joined the composition faculty of Michigan State College in 1939. His career at MSU lasted for nearly 40 years. Reed retired from MSU in 1976. Upon his retirement, MSU granted the title of Professor Emeritus unto Reed.

Many of Reed's students have gone on to fame as composers and arrangers, including Howard J. Buss, Loris Chobanian, Clare Fischer, David Gillingham, Adolphus Hailstork, and David Maslanka.

Compositions
Just as Béla Bartók investigated the traditional music of Eastern Europe, North Africa, and Turkey, using these as inspirations for his own original works, Reed similarly devoted much study to the traditional music of North America. Many of his works feature material derived from the Mexican, Native American, Anglo-American and African American cultures, blended with contemporary idioms.

Reed's best known and most widely performed work is the three-movement concert band composition La Fiesta Mexicana (1949), composed with the support of a Guggenheim Fellowship. The work is based on Aztec, Roman Catholic, mariachi, and other music Reed heard while in Mexico City, Cuernavaca, and Chapala, Mexico for six months between 1948 and 1949. He returned to Mexico in 1960 for a month's further study. He also studied folk music in the Caribbean in February 1976, and in Norway in the summer of 1977.

Reed later studied Native American musics in Taos, New Mexico and Arizona, and eventually composed a trilogy of chamber operas based on Native American legends:  Earth Trapped (Sioux, 1960), Living Solid Face (Algonquin, 1974), and Butterfly Girl and Mirage Boy (Hopi-Aztec, 1980). His band composition Missouri Shindig (1951) is based on the American fiddle tune "Give the Fiddler a Dram," which his father had particularly enjoyed playing. Spiritual (1947), Reed's first composition for band, is based on his recollection of overhearing the exuberant religious expression of African American churchgoers while passing by their churches as a child.

Reed's music is published by G. Schirmer, Warner Brothers, Ballerbach Music, Harrock Hall Music, Triplo Press, Allyn & Bacon, Boosey & Hawkes, Edwin A. Fleisher, EMI Mills, Neil A. Kjos, Ludwig and H. O. Reed Music.

Writings
In addition to his compositions, Reed published eight books on the subjects of musical composition and music theory. His scores, recordings, correspondence, and other papers have been deposited in the Michigan State University Manuscript Collection, in the Special Collections Unit of the Michigan State University Libraries.

Discography
 2004: The Composer's Voice: H. Owen Reed (Piano)

Sources
 Anon. 2005. "H. Owen Reed Music". Lilaclane.com website. Accessed 12 November 2010.
 H O Reed Music Publications [n.d.]
 James, Richard S. 2001. "Reed, H(erbert) Owen". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
 Michigan State University Libraries. [n.d.] "H. Owen Reed Collection"
 Reed, H. Owen. 2009. "Welcome to the Home Page of H. OWEN REED, Composer  Author  Conductor". Michigan State University website. Accessed 12 November 2010.
 Steinke, Greg A. 2010. "Greg Steinke, biography Greg A. Steinke: Biography". Tierra Del Mar Music. Accessed 12 November 2010.
 Syler, James. 2001. "Interview with Dr. H. Owen Reed". Ballerbach.com (July). Accessed 24 August 2009.

External links
CV, Compositions, Biography, links
H. Owen Reed Collection page from Michigan State University Manuscript Collection, Special Collections Unit, Michigan State University Libraries website (accessed 7 September 2015).
Berz, William L. 2004. "Considering H. Owen Reed. Tempo [magazine of the New Jersey Music Educators Association] 59, no. 1 (October): 22–24 (archive from July 11, 2010; accessed 7 September 2015).

1910 births
2014 deaths
People from Odessa, Missouri
American centenarians
20th-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
American opera composers
Male opera composers
Michigan State University faculty
University of Missouri alumni
Louisiana State University alumni
Eastman School of Music alumni
Distinguished Service to Music Medal recipients
Pupils of Bernard Rogers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
Men centenarians

H. Owen Reed


Bagnall–Price valve gear is a type of steam engine valve gear developed at locomotive manufacturer W.G. Bagnall as an alternative to the more common Walschaerts valve gear and also to supersede the Baguley valve gear their designs had previously utilised. The gear was patented in 1903 by W.G. Bagnall and T. S. Price, the manager of the works.

Layout

The valves are driven from an eccentric cam mounted on one of the driving axles and linkage from the crosshead. The driving axle cam drives a rocking shaft that is mounted inside a cylindrical sleeve (known as the rocking shaft bush) above the cylinder. A drop lever and connecting link from the crosshead oscillates the sleeve to control the lap and lead of the cylinder.

Comparisons

Walschaerts

W.G. Bagnall claimed that Bagnall–Price valve gear eliminated some of the complexity of the Walschaerts gear, specifically the combination lever and return gear; this in turn meant the externally mounted gear had greater ground clearance which was an advantage in industrial locations where lineside obstructions could damage the gear of passing locomotives.

Baguley valve gear
According to Baker the Bagnall–Price valve gear had only one common feature with the preceding Baguley valve gear, namely that "the application of the lap and lead motion by oscillating the expansion link (or sector) bodily, and thus superimposing this motion on the. normal die block travel, the lead remaining constant in all positions of the gear."

References

Locomotive valve gear
Bagnall locomotives

Bagnall–Price valve gear


Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a New Zealander racing car designer, driver,  engineer, and inventor.

His name lives on in the McLaren team, which he founded, one of the most successful in Formula One championship history, winning a total of 8 World Constructors' Championships and 12 World Drivers' Championships. McLaren cars dominated CanAm sports car racing with 56 wins, a considerable number of them with him behind the wheel, between 1967 and 1972 (and five constructors' championships), and have won three Indianapolis 500 races, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 12 Hours of Sebring.

Early life
Born in Auckland, New Zealand, Bruce McLaren attended Meadowbank Primary School. As a nine-year-old, he was diagnosed with Perthes disease in his hip that left his left leg shorter than the right.

His parents, Les and Ruth McLaren, owned a service station and workshop in Remuera Rd, Remuera, Auckland; Les McLaren had been a motorcycle racing enthusiast, but gave that up due to an injury before Bruce's birth, and began racing cars at the club level instead. Bruce spent all of his free hours hanging around the workshop and developed his passion during his formative years.

Career
Les McLaren restored an Austin 7 Ulster, which 14-year-old Bruce used in 1952 when he entered his first competition, a hillclimb. Two years later, he took part in his first real race and showed promise. He moved up from the Austin to a Ford 10 special and an Austin-Healey, then a Formula Two (F2) Cooper-Climax sports racing car. He immediately began to modify, improve and master it, so much so that he was runner-up in the 1957–58 New Zealand championship series.

McLaren founded McLaren Automotive in 1963.

Driving career

Grand Prix

His performance in the New Zealand Grand Prix in 1958 was noticed by Australian driver Jack Brabham (who would later invite McLaren to drive for him). Because of his obvious potential, the New Zealand International Grand Prix organisation selected him for its 'Driver to Europe' scheme designed to give a promising Kiwi driver year-round experience with the best in the world. McLaren was the first recipient, to be followed by others later including Denny Hulme.
McLaren went to Cooper and stayed seven years. He raced in F2 and was entered in the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring in which F2 and F1 cars competed together. He astounded the motor racing fraternity by being the first F2, and fifth overall, in a field of the best drivers in the world.

McLaren joined the Cooper factory F1 team alongside Jack Brabham in 1959 and won the 1959 United States Grand Prix at age 22 years 104 days, becoming the youngest ever GP winner (not including the Indianapolis 500) up to that time. This record would stand for more than four decades until Fernando Alonso's victory at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix. He followed that with a win in the Argentine Grand Prix, the first race of the 1960 Formula One season, and he would finish runner-up that season to Brabham.

McLaren won the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix, eventually finishing a fine third in the championship that year. The next year, he founded Bruce McLaren Motor Racing Ltd, which remains in the Formula One championship simply as McLaren. McLaren continued to race and win in Coopers (including the New Zealand GP in 1964).

McLaren left Cooper at the end of 1965, and announced his own GP racing team, with co-driver and fellow Kiwi Chris Amon. Amon left in 1967 to drive for Ferrari. In 1968, McLaren was joined by another fellow Kiwi Denny Hulme, who had become world champion in 1967 with Brabham. McLaren took his fourth career win racing his own McLaren car at Spa in 1968, achieving the team's first Grand Prix win. Hulme won twice in the McLaren-Ford.

The  championship was also a success, with McLaren finishing third in the standings despite taking no wins. In tribute to his homeland, McLaren's cars featured the "speedy Kiwi" logo.

Can-Am series
McLaren's design flair and ingenuity were graphically demonstrated in powerful sports car racing. Just as the Can-Am began to become very popular with fans in Canada and the U.S., the new McLaren cars finished second twice, and third twice, in six races.

In 1967, they won five of six races and in 1968, four of six. The following year, McLarens proved unbeatable, winning all 11 races. In two races, they finished 1–2–3.

24 Hours of Le Mans

In 1965, McLaren and co-driver Ken Miles raced a Ford GT40 in the 24 Hour Race at Le Mans. The car was leading after 45 laps but retired due to gearbox failure. In 1966, McLaren and co-driver Chris Amon won the race in a Ford GT40, in a Ford 1-2-3 finish. The Ken Miles-Denny Hulme entry crossed the line first but had travelled less distance due to the Le Mans style start.

Career as a constructor
McLaren was a competitive driver, but his legacy, the McLaren Racing Team, stems from his abilities as an analyst, engineer, and manager. In the early days of McLaren sports cars, McLaren was testing and as he drove out of the pits, he noticed the fuel filler access door was flapping up and down as he drove. The current aerodynamic thinking was that it should have been pressed more firmly in place as the speed of the car increased. Instead, it bounced more vigorously as the speed increased. Instantly, his frustration at the sloppy work changed and he had an insight. Stopping in the pits, he grabbed a pair of shears, and started cutting the bodywork away behind the radiator. Climbing back in the car, he immediately began turning lap times faster than before.

Later he explained, I was first angry that the filler door hadn't been properly closed but then I began to wonder why it wasn't being pressed down by the airflow. The only answer was that there had to be a source of higher pressure air under it than over it. From that session came the "nostrils" that have been a key McLaren design feature, including in the McLaren P1 road car.

McLaren noticed that his team's cars were less innovative than the Chaparrals of rival driver/designer Jim Hall, but their superior reliability was rewarded by race and championship victories. That culture continued after his death and, when Ron Dennis bought the team, was reinforced by the lessons learned in his early career as a race mechanic.

Death
Bruce McLaren died aged 32 when his Can-Am car crashed on the Lavant Straight just before Woodcote corner at Goodwood Circuit in England on 2 June 1970. He had been testing his new McLaren M8D when the rear bodywork came adrift at speed. The loss of aerodynamic downforce destabilised the car, which spun, left the track, and hit a bunker used as a flag station.

Motorsport author Eoin Young said that Bruce McLaren had "virtually penned his own epitaph" in his 1964 book From the Cockpit. Referring to the death of teammate Timmy Mayer, McLaren had written:

McLaren was survived by his sisters Pat and Jan, wife Patty and daughter Amanda. He was buried at Waikumete Cemetery in Glen Eden. Amanda is married to New Zealander Stephen Donnell. She is a brand ambassador for McLaren and is one of the trustees of the Bruce McLaren Trust alongside her husband. Patty died in 2016.

Legacy
 The team Bruce McLaren founded in 1963 would continue on after his death and win 8 Constructors' Championships and 12 Drivers' Championships in Formula One.
 Bruce McLaren Intermediate School in West Auckland was named after him shortly after his death. It was originally going to be called Henderson South Intermediate. The school is on Bruce McLaren Road, in the suburb of McLaren Park.
 In 2015 the Taupo Motorsport Park in New Zealand was renamed Bruce McLaren Motorsport Park.
 In 2000, Motorsport NZ and the Prodrive Trust created the Bruce McLaren Scholarship to help up-and-coming New Zealand racing drivers.
 Inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.
 Inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1991.
 Inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 1991.
 Inducted into the New Zealand Motorsports Wall of Fame in 1994.
 Inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1995.
 The Bruce McLaren Trust, based in Auckland, New Zealand, perpetuates his memory and runs a small museum, formerly located in the flat where Bruce grew up (above a petrol station in Remuera), now located at Hampton Downs Motorsport Park.
 On 20 January 2007, at New Zealand's round of the A1 Grand Prix series, it was announced that a movie was to be made about Bruce McLaren.
 On 21 February 2017 it was announced that Roger Donaldson would be making a movie called McLaren.
 The University of Auckland Formula SAE team use Bruce's racing number 47 as their car number in memory of Bruce.
 Inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame in 2022.

In popular culture

 The story of Bruce McLaren was told in the 2017 documentary film McLaren by Roger Donaldson.
 McLaren was portrayed by Benjamin Rigby in the 2019 drama film Ford v Ferrari.

Racing record

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

* McLaren was ineligible to score points in the 1958 German Grand Prix because he was driving a Formula Two car.

Non-championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Complete Tasman Series results

Complete Canadian-American Challenge Cup results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

* Joint fastest lap.

References

Related Books:
 From the Cockpit by Bruce McLaren
 Bruce McLaren: Racing Car Constructor by George Begg
 McLaren – The Man, Cars & Team by Eoin Young
 Eoin Young's McLaren Book
 The Last Season – The Life of Bruce McLaren by Jeanne Beeching
 The Golden Era of New Zealand Motor Racing by Graham Vercoe
A list of further such volumes can be viewed at Historical Books -- Bruce McLaren Trust - History of motorsport racing legend and founder of McLaren F1 and Can-Am teams.

External links
 McLaren Racing official site
 Bruce McLaren Trust official site
 New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame
 Bruce McLaren Biography

New Zealand racing drivers
New Zealand Formula One drivers
Racing drivers from Auckland
Formula One team owners
Formula One team principals
Formula One designers
Formula One race winners
Cooper Formula One drivers
McLaren Formula One drivers
Anglo American Racers Formula One drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
12 Hours of Reims drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees
BRDC Gold Star winners
Segrave Trophy recipients
Tasman Series drivers
McLaren people
Racing drivers who died while racing
Sport deaths in England
1937 births
1970 deaths
12 Hours of Sebring drivers
New Zealand motorsport people
British Touring Car Championship drivers
People from Auckland
Sports car racing team owners
IndyCar Series team owners
Burials at Waikumete Cemetery

Bruce McLaren


Salix glauca is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names gray willow, grayleaf willow, white willow, and glaucous willow. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout much of Alaska, northern and western Canada, and the contiguous United States south through the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico. It can also be found in Greenland, northwestern Europe, and Siberia.

Description
This willow is usually a shrub growing up to  tall, but in appropriate habitat it becomes a tree up to  tall. The smooth gray bark becomes furrowed with age. The species is dioecious, with male and female reproductive parts occurring on separate individuals. This species has secondary sexual dimorphism, with male and female individuals different in function or morphology in aspects other than their reproductive structures. For example, female plants are more sensitive to drought conditions. The seed stays on the plant until fall, when it is dispersed. The seed is coated in downy fibers that help it disperse on the wind and on water. Unlike the seeds of many other willows, these do not germinate immediately on contact with the substrate, but overwinter under the snow and sprout in the spring. This provides cold stratification to the seeds, and allows them a few weeks more to develop than in summer-dispersing willows.

Distribution and habitat
In the northern part of its range, this plant codominates with other species of willow on floodplains and in shrubby riparian and tundra habitat. It may also grow scattered throughout coniferous forests and woodlands, dominated often by spruces. In the southern part of its range, it grows in alpine and subalpine climates. Like many other willows, it colonizes freshly cleared habitat, such as floodplains recently scoured by water and forests recently burned.

Taxonomy
The taxonomy of S. glauca has been described as "confusing". With considerable geographic variation across its wide circumboreal-polar range, S. glauca may be considered "a very widespread and polymorphic species or species group", with currently no consensus whether it should be subdivided into races, subspecies or varieties. Formally and informally, there are a number of recognized subspecies (such as  glauca, stipulifera, acutifolia, callicarpaea) and varieties (such as acutifolia, glauca, stipulata, villosa), but there are only small morphological differences to tell them apart.  Furthermore, S. glauca is known to form hybrids with other willows, resulting in intermediates that are visually difficult to distinguish from one another.  Some varieties and subspecies have very specific or limited  distribution, though. The hybrid S. arctophila × S. glauca subsp. callicarpaea, for instance, is not found in Canada, and is common in eastern parts of Greenland, but absent from the west, whereas S. glauca subsp. glauca is not found on Greenland at all.

Ecology
As with other willows, S. glauca is an important food source for a variety of animals, particularly wintering ungulates, providing them with a rich source of calcium and phosphorus. It is considered moderately important as moose browse, and during the winter it constitutes much of the diet for snowshoe hares.

Use
Native Americans used parts of willows, including this species, for medicinal purposes, basket weaving, to make bows and arrows, and for building animal traps.

References

External links

The Nature Conservancy
Flora of North America

glauca
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Salix glauca


La Liga Filipina was a group created by Doctor Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in the Philippines.
The aims were:

To unite the whole archipelago into one society with equality for Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines.
Mutual protection in every want and need;
Defense against all violence and injustice;
Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and
Study and application of reforms.

Jose Rizal tried very hard to make it a peaceful group. But the Spanish authorities considered it dangerous. On the night of July 7, 1892, Rizal was secretly arrested four days after its creation. The following day, Governor-General Eulogio Despujol ordered Rizal to be deported to Dapitan.

After Rizal's arrest, La Liga Filipina became inactive. Then it was reorganized by Domingo Franco and Andres Bonifacio. The society broke apart into two separate groups: the Cuerpo de Compromisarios which promised to continue supporting the La Solidaridad in Spain and the Katipunan in the Philippines.

Political parties in the Philippines
1890s establishments in Asia

La Liga Filipina


The Dan are a Mande ethnic group from northwestern Ivory Coast and neighboring Liberia. There are approximately 700,000 members of the group and their largest settlement is Man, Ivory Coast. Neighboring peoples include the Krahn, Kpelle and Mano. They are officially known as Yacouba (or Yakouba) in Ivory Coast.

They speak the Dan language, a Southeast Mande language. The Dan are known for their art, especially their mask rituals (Ge or Gle), as well as their secret society, Gor. Gor (Dan for "leopard") is a peacemaking society, not to be confused with the brutal Ekpe (leopard) society of Nigeria.

History
The Dan originally came from the western Sudan region to the north, part of present-day Mali and Guinea. The location and movements of the Dan, Mano and We can be reconstructed from as early as the 8th century, at which time the Dan and Mano were located in the savanna region of the northern Ivory Coast. In the tenth century, political turmoil, population growth and land depletion caused the Dan to migrate south of the Nimba range and into the high forests.

The Dan had a reputation as a fierce warrior society. One notable warrior chief was Grougbay Zobaneeay, who fought and pushed the tribes that once live in the present day Nimba County to as far as Loguatuo in Ivory Coast. Kipko Toh'ah-Gbeu drove the Kru men from what is now called Tapitah, Nimba County (prior to the arrival of Chief Tapeh); his last major war with the settlers was in Sanniquellie. He retired when he was wounded in the Sanniquellie war. Kipho gave his daughter Lhe'kpahseu in marriage to Grougbay Zobaneeay. Bho'Yaah, who lived in today's Garplay, Nimba County- in an alliance with Kipho Toh'Gbeu, made a truce to quit fighting the settlers. He was actually one of the last chief warriors of the Dan to have resisted the Americo-Liberian military push into Nimba. Gonsahn Ghe'Gbeu was from Miampleu Yeezleu, Nimba County. He also drove the Kphelehs from Eastern Liberia.

After Liberia became a nation in 1847, the new government in Monrovia began pacifying the Dan people. By the early 1900s, peace had been achieved, and administrative controls had been established.

Economy
The Dan are primarily a farming people who annually clear forest land to grow their staple foods and cash crops, such as rice, cassava,  sweet potatoes, and a variety of maize.  Today, they also grow cocoa, coffee, and rubber. Women are given a small plot of ground on which to grow their own vegetables to use in the households or to sell in the market. Greens are gathered from domestic and wild plants in the forest. Palm oil is extracted from the many wild palm oil trees and then used for such things as fuel and cooking.

Dan men do most of the agricultural work, but women help with the harvesting and weeding. Men also do all of the hunting and most of the fishing, while women tend to such domestic duties as caring for the children and preparing the meals. Children help by chasing cattle, or wild animals and birds away from the crops. The Dan also raise livestock such as cattle, cow, sheep, and goats, fowls, and chicken. Some of these animals (white ones) are eaten only on special ritual occasions involving much feasting, or to perform sacrifices for the forgiveness of sin.

Culture

The basic unit of Dan culture is the family. Dan culture is patrilineal and polygamous, so this unit comprises a husband, one or more wives and their children. Lineages, or groups of people descended from a common ancestor in the paternal line, live in distinct sections of the town, which are called quarters in Liberian English. Towns group together under a central government are called clans.

Art

Dan arts are notable for wood sculpture, including a huge variety of masks, each with unique forms and purposes. Dan masks are the most important art form of the Dan people. Artisan also produce traditional wooden spoons.

Men's societies
Dan men have their own fraternal societies, which marks their initiation into manhood and guides them throughout their lives. Men's societies, curator Barbara Johnson writes, "form the real socio-political unit of power in the Dan community today, as they did in the past." These societies controlled by the elders and acts as a source of power for the community. Boys initiated into the society are prepared to encounter the mysteries of the spirit world and to learn the rules of adult Dan men. Women, too, have a similar society.

These societies demonstrate their power and effectiveness through masquerades, wherein they call upon and control tutelary spirits from the bush, who appear as masked figures in this context. Using these mask-spirits, the societies are able to settle disputes, enforce rules, and correct behavior. All males attend bon, or bush school, during their initiation into these societies when they are adolescents.

Gor society
Like many Mande cultures, societal organisation centers around "societies": either age group, caste, occupational, or geographic. In the recent historic period, Dan communities were for the first (known)  time allied into a political organization, created through the Leopard society (Gor). The Gor spirit of the society focuses on peacemaking between communities which have often been in conflict around the powerful spirit Gor, who is responsible for peacemaking.

Individual villages, even those unified under the Leopard society, still maintain a high degree of political independence.

Dan villages are divided into quarters, each housing an extended family or lineage. Each quarter is headed by a "quarter chief," who is chosen either for being the oldest male in the family or for having the most aggressive personality. Although the village or town chief administers authority over the whole village, the real power comes from the council of elders who assist the chief in all decisions.  Honorary chief titles can be given to non-tribe members who have assisted the tribe in charitable means.  For example, U.S. Diplomat, John F. Moss (working for VOA), was bestowed by a Dan tribe in Liberia as an honorary chief after he commissioned a bulldozer to help them build a road through the jungle.

Religion
The Dan have a complex traditional  religion. The Dan believe in Zlan, a Supreme God who created the universe and everything in it. They believe that no one can reach him or see him physically. Instead, they worship Zu, an independent power which they also consider the Holy Spirit of the Supreme God (Zlan). The majority of the people believe in reincarnation, through which Zu can enable a person to pass into another person or even an animal after death. The Dan believe that Zu is present in all aspects of the universe and is appealed to for many kinds of help. Zu is harnessed through masquerade or divination practices; the Dan harness du by creating an object for du to embody. Dreaming is the means through which people communicate with Zu.

Architecture
Traditional Dan huts were small, single-room dwellings made of mud and thatch. Each wife of a man had her own hut where her children lived until they were old enough to move out. Today, houses are large and rectangular with several rooms. A lot of changes have been made to the old traditions, but while some of the old traditions are still being practiced, it's only in indigent regions.

References

webAfriqa. G. Murdock. Kru-Peripheroal Mande. Mande Tribes
https://web.archive.org/web/20110623223330/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Dan.html

Ethnic groups in Liberia
Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast

Dan people


Contract awarding is the method used during a procurement in order to evaluate the proposals (tender offers) taking part and award the relevant contract. Usually at this stage the eligibility of the proposals have been concluded. So it remains to choose the most preferable among the proposed.
There are several different methods for this, which are obviously related to the proposition method asked by the procurement management.

Methods

Least price
This method is the simplest and oldest of all. Under this the procurement contract is awarded to the best price.
Some relevant methods are these of examining the overall or in parts and in total discount in a given price list or on a given budget. One of the proposed for Public tenders by the EC.

Most economically advantageous
This is applicable to proposals of different quality within the limits set. Under this the proposals are graded according to their price for value and the contract is awarded to the one with the best grade.
Similar to this is the grading of the proposals according to time, making the proposals needing less time of implementation seem more valuable. One of the proposed for Public tenders by the EC.

Mean value
The contract is awarded to a bid closer to the mean value of the proposals. This may apply to procurements where numerous proposals are expected and there is a need for a market-representing value.

Exclusion of the extremes
Under this method the proposals that are deviating the most from the mass of the proposals are excluded and then the procedure continues with one of the above methods.

There are also many variants and/or combinations of these main methods.

See also
Contract
Contract theory
Government procurement
Public works
Tender offer
Contract Management

References

External links
 European Commission - Public Procurement

Law and economics
Government procurement

Contract awarding