The UK Large-Scale Complex IT Systems (LSCITS) Initiative is a research and graduate education programme focusing on the problems of developing large-scale, complex IT systems (also referred to as Ultra-large-scale systems or ULSS). The initiative is funded by the EPSRC, with more than ten million pounds of funding awarded between 2006 and 2013.

Background
The initial motivation for the establishment of a research programme in large-scale complex IT systems was the publication of a 2004 report by the Royal Academy of Engineering and the British Computer Society. This report examined the causes of failure of a number of large software projects and made several recommendations for research to address some of these problems.

A second report, authored by Seth Bullock & Dave Cliff and also published in 2004, was commissioned by the UK Government's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Office of Science and Technology and carried the title Complexity and Emergent Behaviour in ICT Systems The main conclusions of this report were that the primary challenges needing to be addressed in the UK are institutional and cultural obstacles to appropriate interdisciplinary research and that there was an urgent need to address omissions in UK undergraduate computer science education.

In October 2005, Dave Cliff was appointed Director of the LSCITS initiative by the EPSRC and was asked to consult extensively with industry on their problems in this area and, on the basis of this consultation, to form a consortium to tackle these problems. The results of the consultation were that the key concerns of industry were socio-technical issues arising from the interactions between organisations, people and systems and in high-integrity systems engineering. On the basis of this, a consortium was formed with two partners (York, Oxford) focusing on formal methods and high-integrity systems and two partners (Leeds, St Andrews) focusing on socio-technical systems. Subsequently, a further project focusing on cloud computing was approved with Bristol, St Andrews and Aston Universities as partners.

The five-year research project started in October 2007 with the associated EngD program starting in October 2009.

Partners
 University of Bristol. Department of Computer Science (Prof Dave Cliff)
 University of Leeds. Institute of Health Sciences (Prof Justin Keen). Dr Andreas Hild and Mr Kanwar Adeel Waheed Khan also worked on the LSCITS team along from 2008-2011, examining complexity in organisations aspects.
 University of Oxford. Department of Computer Science (Prof Marta Kwiatkowska)
 University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science (Prof Ian Sommerville)
 University of York. Department of Computer Science (Prof John McDermid, Prof Tim Kelly, Prof Richard Paige, Dr Radu Calinescu)

Research
The aim of the LSCITS research project is:

"to improve existing technical approaches to complex systems engineering and to develop new socio-technical approaches that help us understand the complex interactions between organisations, processes and systems".

The LSCITS stack (Figure 1) shows the research areas that are particularly relevant to LSCITS.

The focus of the work of the project was initially in the following areas:

 Complexity in organisations (led by University of Leeds)
 Socio-technical systems engineering (led by University of St Andrews).
 Predictable software systems(led by University of Oxford)
 High-integrity systems (led by University of York)

Work on mathematical foundations was not included as these were funded in a separate research programme by the EPSRC with complexity science research centres at the University of Bristol and the University of Warwick. A further centre on complex systems simulation was funded later at the University of Southampton.

The work on novel computational approaches was superseded by work on cloud computing as the significance of this area emerged during the project.

The Key Publications below describe the work of the project in more detail.

The LSCITS EngD programme
The LSCITS EngD programme  is an Engineering Doctorate scheme, coordinated by the University of York that focuses on training and research in complex IT systems. Students on the programme take a range of core and optional taught modules and carry out research in conjunction with an industrial sponsor. The key difference between this programme and a conventional PhD is that students spend the majority of their time working with the industrial sponsor and may submit a portfolio thesis, describing several related research projects on a common theme, rather than a single topic.

Core modules on the scheme include
 Empirical Methods for LSCITS
 High-Integrity Systems Engineering
 Predictable Software Systems
 Socio-Technical Systems
 Systems Engineering for LSCITS
 Technology Innovation
Students take a number of optional modules in addition to these core topics from computer science, mathematics and management. Overall, the core and optional modules are intended to provide EngD students with breadth as well as depth in LSCITS topics.

In parallel with the taught part of the programme, students carry out research; research projects span LSCITS topics, including socio-technical systems, high-performance computing, cloud computing, systems and software engineering, safety critical systems, interactive and accessible systems, and advanced decision making. EngD industrial sponsors include leading multi-national corporations, through to small-to-medium-sized enterprises who wish to build research capability and capacity.

Management and governance
Operational management of the entire LSCITS Initiative is the responsibility of the Director (Dave Cliff), and the two Initiative Co-Directors (Ian Sommerville and John McDermid).  Ian Sommerville manages integration across the various LSCITS work-packages and activities. John McDermid works with Richard Paige, the LSCITS EngD Centre Director, to manage the York-based LSCITS Engineering Doctorate programme.

The Director reports to the chair of the LSCITS International Scientific Advisory Board, and to the chair of the LSCITS National Stakeholder Board.  These two boards provide their guidance and advice on the LSCITS research and training programmes.

Key publications
The papers below, organised according to the LSCITS stack shown in Figure 1, describe the work of the project. A full list of publications is available on the LSCITS web site.

LSCITS in general
 R. Calinescu & M. Kwiatkowska (2010). Software Engineering Techniques for the Development of Systems of Systems. In C. Choppy & O. Sokolski (editors), Foundations of Computer Software. Future Trends and Techniques for Development, vol. 6026 of LNCS, pp. 59–82, Springer. Preprint available online.
 D. Cliff & L. Northrop (2011). The Global Financial Markets: An Ultra-Large Scale Systems Perspective. Briefing paper for UK Government Office for Science Foresight project on The Future of Computer Trading in the Financial Markets. September 2011.
I. Sommerville, D. Cliff, R. Calinescu, J. Keen, T. Kelly, M. Kwiatkowska, J. McDermid, and R. Paige. (2011) Large Scale Complex IT Systems.

Complexity in organisations
J. Rooksby and I. Sommerville. (2012) The Management and Use of Social Network Sites in a Government Department. Computer-supported Cooperative Work - The Journal of Collaborative Computing.
J. Keen. (2011) The Governance of Privacy and Confidentiality. Paper prepared for IRSPM XV, Dublin, 11–13 April 2011.
J. Keen. (2009) Integration At Any Price: The Case of the NHS National Programme for IT. In: H Margetts, C Hood and 6 P (eds) Paradoxes of Modernization. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Socio-technical systems engineering

I. Sommerville (editor). The Socio-technical Systems Engineering Handbook. (2011). University of St Andrews.

High-integrity systems
X. Ge, R.F. Paige, J. McDermid: Probabilistic Failure Propagation and Transformation Analysis. SAFECOMP 2009: 215-228.

Predictable software systems
R. Calinescu, L. Grunske, M. Kwiatkowska, R. Mirandola, G. Tamburrelli (2011). Dynamic QoS Management and Optimisation in Service-Based Systems. In: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.
L. Feng, M. Kwiatkowska and D. Parker. (2011) Automated Learning of Probabilistic Assumptions for Compositional Reasoning. Proc. 14th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE'11), volume 6603 of LNCS, pages 2–17, Springer.
M. Kwiatkowska. (2007) Quantitative Verification: Models, Techniques and Tools. Proc. 6th joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), pages 449-458, ACM Press.
M. Kwiatkowska, G. Norman and D. Parker. (2009) PRISM: Probabilistic Model Checking for Performance and Reliability Analysis. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 36(4), pages 40–45, ACM.

Cloud computing
John Cartlidge and Ilango Sriram (2011). Modelling resilience in cloud-scale data centres. Proceedings of 23rd European Modeling and Simulation Symposium, Rome. September 2011
A. Khajeh-Hosseini, D. Greenwood, J. W. Smith & I. Sommerville (2011). The Cloud Adoption Toolkit: Supporting Cloud Adoption Decisions in the Enterprise. Software: Practice and Experience - Special Issue on Software Architectures and Application Development Environments for Cloud Computing.

Publications by similar groups
 Ultra-large scale systems: Overview. Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University.

 H. Sillitto, (2010) "Design Principles for Ultra-Large-Scale Systems".  Proc. 20th Annual International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) International Symposium, July, 2010, Chicago, IL, USA.
 Northrop, L. et al. (2006). Ultra-Large-Scale Systems: The Software Challenge of the Future. Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. (6.5MB download)

See also
Cloud computing
Sociotechnical systems
System of systems

References

College and university associations and consortia in the United Kingdom
Computer science education in the United Kingdom
Computer science organizations
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Large-scale Complex IT Systems


Trochenbrod (; ) was a Jewish shtetl (village) with an area 1,728 acres once in what is now western Ukraine, about 30 kilometers northeast of Lutsk. It used to be a part of Poland. It was also known as Sofievka or Zofiówka in Polish, named after Sofia, a Russian princess who donated land for the Jewish settlement.

History
Trochenbrod was founded in 1835, at first a farming colony which grew into a small town. The population grew from around 1,200 (235 families) in 1889 to 1,580 in 1897.

During the Polish-Soviet War, the town was captured by Poland. By 1938 the town's population, which was only Jewish, had grown to at least 3,000.  Most of the people worked in farming, dairy farming, or tanning.

There were seven synagogues in Trochenbrod. In 1940, the town, along with the rest of Western Ukraine, became part of the Soviet Union (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). The rabbi at this time was Rabbi Gershon Weissmann. The Communists exiled him to Siberia after accusing him of being involved in underground salt trading.

When the Nazis later occupied Ukraine, they created a ghetto at Trochenbrod, bringing in Jews from nearby villages and towns. The Jews in the Trochenbrod ghetto were killed by the Nazis in August and September 1942. Most of the Jews of Trochenbrod as well as of the neighbouring village Lozisht were killed, as were the other Jews of Volhynia. The local Ukrainian police force helped to round up the Jews. Fewer than 200 Jews from the Trochenbrod ghetto and nearby areas lived through this killing. The village itself was burned. Now only fields and a forest can be found there.

A few of the people escaped the execution and destruction. At the end of the war, the number of people left was between 33 and 40; most were found in the area near Lutzk.

Trochenbrod in fiction
A fictional version of the shtetl, Trachimbrod, was featured in the 2002 novel Everything Is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer as well as in the 2005 film based on the novel.

Safran Foer's story describes fictional events in the village between 1791, the year in which the shtetl was first named, and 1941, when it was destroyed in the war. The main character of the book (who goes by the author's name and also by the name "The Hero") comes to Ukraine to look for a woman named Augustine, who saved his grandfather in the war.

Notes

References
  a book about the combined towns of Trochenbrod and Lozisht

Other websites
Trochenbrod & Lozisht community website
1835 establishments
19th-century establishments in Ukraine
1830s establishments in Europe
Villages in Ukraine

Trochenbrod


The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 American mystery-thriller film directed by Ron Howard.  The screenplay was written by Akiva Goldsman and based on Dan Brown's worldwide bestselling 2003 novel, The Da Vinci Code.  It was produced by Howard with John Calley and Brian Grazer and released by Columbia Pictures in the United States on May 19, 2006.

Due to controversial and inaccurate historical interpretations and perceived anti-Catholic elements, the film proved highly controversial in the Philippines, a highly religious country in Southeast Asia in which Catholicism is widely practised. Many organisations protested and organised boycotts against the showing of The Da Vinci Code in the Philippines, and the film was banned from being screened in the Philippine capital of Manila, with the exception of its metropolitan area.

Initial reactions
The Philippine Alliance Against Pornography (PAAP) appealed to Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to stop the showing of The Da Vinci Code in the Philippines. They branded the film as "the most pornographic and blasphemous film in history" and also requested the help of Pope Benedict XVI, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) and other religious groups to stop the showing of the film. The PAAP also compared Dan Brown to Adolf Hitler.

However, Cecille Guidote Alvarez, Philippine Presidential Adviser on Culture and the Arts, said Malacañang will not interfere in controversy about the film and leaves the decision to the Movie and Television Classification Board's (MTRCB) rating. Eventually, MTRCB decided to give The Da Vinci Code an R-18 rating (restricted to those under 18 years of age) despite PAAP's opposition for showing it.

Reactions from Philippine Catholic Bishops
Jaro Archbishop Angel Lagdameo, president of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), expressed through a pastoral letter that even though The Da Vinci Code is a work of fiction, it "shapes the imagination, stirs emotions and forms mental associations" and added that "Brown has created the impression that his fiction is historical fact." Before the pastoral letter was written, Lipa Archdiocese Archbishop Ramon Arguelles, CBCP senior member, wrote Consoliza Laguardia, chairperson of the Movie and Television Classification Board (MTRCB), and requested her to prohibit the film's showing in the Philippines, where the majority are Christians, because of its "sacrilegious" and "blasphemous" nature.

Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, Archbishop of Manila, said that the film is a "vicious attack on the divinity of Jesus Christ." He also added that "not since the time of the Presbyter Arius was there an attack on the divinity of Jesus Christ, which was as vicious and as momentarily profitable as this venture of Dan Brown and Sony Film Productions." Although the CBCP and Rosales did not categorically demand a ban of the film, they have issued guidelines for Filipino Catholics on watching the movie.

Just like MTRCB's rating, Mario Sobrejuanite, vice chairman of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines-Catholic Initiative for Enlightened Movie Appreciation (CBCP-Cinema), rated The Da Vinci Code as R-18 and stated that the film is something that Catholics should not be afraid of. However, the CBCP-Cinema rated the moral assessment on the film as "disturbing."

Reactions from the Muslim community
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front Deputy Chairman Khaled Musa appealed to the MTRCB to ban the film, arguing that the film is blasphemous not only to Catholics but also to Muslims because Jesus Christ is considered one of the Prophets of Islam. Musa recalled Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy with regards to this film and further explained that freedom of expression should not "invade" freedom of religion.

Bans

City of Manila
The City Councilors of Manila passed a resolution to ban the film, labelling it as "offensive and contrary to established religious beliefs which cannot take precedence over the right of the persons involved in the film to freedom of expression." The Councilors who concur to the resolution cited the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines stating that showing a film that offends a religion is a crime, while Councilors who opposed the decision noted that the film is only fiction and for entertainment. It was stated that cinema owners not heeding to the ban would face a one-year jail term and a Php 5,000 fine, and those persons selling DVD or VCD copies of the film could be fined Php 3,000 and jailed for up to six months. It was not banned in any of the other cities in Metro Manila, making the film easily accessible to citizens living in the capital.

SM Malls
The SM Supermalls, the largest chain of shopping malls in the Philippines, prohibited the showing of The Da Vinci Code in all of their movie theaters throughout the country.  This decision is in line with their policy for not showing films that were rated by MTRCB as R-18.

Although The Da Vinci Code was banned in the City of Manila and all SM Malls, it was still shown in other cinemas all over the Philippines. Robinsons Malls Movieworld, Gaisano Cinemas, Ayala Malls Cinemas, Glorietta Cinemas are a few of the cinema companies that screened the film.

The film's sequels, Angels and Demons and Inferno, were permitted nonetheless to be shown in all SM Malls the entire Philippines.

Proposed abolition of MTRCB
Despite The Da Vinci Code's R-18 rating by the MTRCB, Filipino Congressman Bienvenido Abante Jr. rallied to abolish the MTRCB for allowing the film to be shown. Abante, who is also the president of the Metropolitan Baptist Church of the Philippines and called the movie as demonic and diabolical, filed House Bill 3269 that seeks to abolish the television and film board.

In Cebu City, city moralist Rene Josef Bullecer said that the law that created the MTRCB does not allow the showing of the movie.

References

2006 in the Philippines
The Da Vinci Code
Film controversies in the Philippines
Religious controversies in film
Religious controversies in the Philippines

The Da Vinci Code in the Philippines


The National Intelligence Service (NIS) (, abbreviated ) is the national intelligence agency of Greece. Originally modeled after the United States Central Intelligence Agency, it was established in 1953 as the Central Intelligence Service (, abbrev. ), specializing in intelligence gathering, counterintelligence activities and securing sensitive state communications.

As Greece's primary intelligence agency, EYP is responsible for a range of domestic and foreign matters, ranging from criminal activities and civil rights violations, to terrorism and espionage. Although its agents can be armed for their protection, the agency does not have prosecutorial and detention powers. During wartime, it can fulfill the role of military intelligence, alongside the separate Military Intelligence Directorate (ΔΔΣΠ).

Headquartered in Athens, EYP is an autonomous civilian agency that answers directly to the Prime Minister of Greece. The majority of its 1,800 personnel are civil servants, although the agency also employs scientific and technical contractors, officers of each branch of the Hellenic Armed Forces, and members of the Hellenic Police and Hellenic Fire Service.

Mission
EYP's mission is to advance Greece's strategic interests by safeguarding political, financial, and military assets, preventing and countering criminal and military threats and collecting, processing and disseminating information to relevant authorities. This broad mandate grants the organization many responsibilities, including advising policymakers, cooperating with the Military Intelligence Directorate (ΔΔΣΠ) and Hellenic Police's Directorate for Special Violent Crimes (Anti-Terrorist Service), the Directorate for Information Management and Analysis, and the Directorate of State Security (successor to the National Security Service), while coordinating with foreign partners.

Personnel
The incumbent Director of the National Intelligence Service is Themistocles Demiris. The two Deputy Directors are amb. Ioannis Raptakis and LtGen (ret.) Georgios Kellis.

The agency is directly responsible to the Prime Minister of Greece, who can appoint or dismiss the Director and his deputies.

EYP employs the following categories of personnel:
 Permanent civilian personnel.
 Scientific civilian personnel, serving on the basis of private contracts of employment.
 A number of officers on active service in the Armed Forces, the Coast Guard or the Hellenic Police. An unspecified number of national field agents are also employed.

The total number of people working for the agency is unknown and remains classified; the Greek media usually give figures of around 3,000.

From 1996 to 2019, responsibility for the service was delegated to Ministers of Public Order/Citizens Protection or the Interior.

History
The first modern Greek intelligence agency was created in February 1908, with the Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs fulfilling the role. It was headed by Panagiotis Danglis, a military officer and member of the Hellenic Macedonian Committee one of the secret organizations taking part in the Macedonian Struggle. The Information Department's goal was the promotion of Greek propaganda as well as the collection of economic and military intelligence, through a network of Greek consulates in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia. The Department did not absorb or even collaborate with private Greek secret organizations that continued to act independently. Events such as the Goudi coup and the Young Turk Revolution, prompted a sharp reduction of Greek activity in Macedonia and the eventual dissolution of the agency in November 1909. At the outbreak of World War I Greece remained neutral. The National Schism divided the country into Royalists and Venizelists. Individual members of the military and the diplomatic corps focused their attention on collecting information on their political enemies. In June 1917, King Constantine I of Greece was deposed and the country entered the war on the side of the Entente. Greek officers gained valuable experience on aerial reconnaissance and interrogation techniques from their French and British allies during their tenure on the Macedonian front.

In 1923, Italy occupied the Greek island of Corfu after accusing the latter of assassinating the Italian general Enrico Tellini. The Corfu incident prompted Greece to create the Corfu Information Center under Georgios Fessopoulos. The center was tasked with countering Italian propaganda, disrupting trade with Italy, limiting Catholic proselytism and the use of the Italian language. Apart from that the center also monitored the activities of Armenian refugees and pacifists residing on the island, for fear that they might be communist agents. On 25 September 1925, Theodoros Pangalos founded the National Special Security Service (YAK) under the auspices of the Hellenic Gendarmerie. Tasked with combating the seditious Communist Party of Greece, the organization was paralyzed by an internal power struggle. On 27 December, Fessopulos took over the YAK on 29 January 1926, YAK was renamed into the National General Security Service (YGAK), which now fell under the command of the Ministry of the Interior. The YGAK continued to gather intelligence on communists and illegal aliens. In August 1926, Pangalos was overthrown in a countercoup by Georgios Kondylis. Kondylis dissolved YGAK due to its close affiliation with Pangalos, leaving Greece without an intelligence agency for the next ten years.

In January 1936, the State Defense Service (Υπηρεσίας Αμύνης του Κράτους) was established under the Ministry for Military Affairs. Its responsibilities included "monitoring of foreign propaganda carried out against the State, the movement and dwelling of foreign nationals in the country, the collection of intelligence relating to the security of the State and the introduction of counter-measures." On 5 November of that year, the service was dissolved by the Metaxas Regime & was replaced by the Deputy Ministry for Public Security (Υφυπουργείο Δημόσιας Ασφάλειας).

The agency, in its current form, was founded on 7 May 1953 (Law 2421/1953) under the name Central Intelligence Service (, ΚΥΠ). On 27 August 1986, it was renamed and re-established as the National Intelligence Service (, ΕΥΠ) by ministerial decree.

The agency was created by influential Greek American CIA agents, the most famous being Thomas Karamessines, who later rose to become Deputy Director for Plans in the CIA. Its first, most influential and longest-serving Director was Alexandros Natsinas, a Lieutenant General of Artillery and veteran of World War II and the Greek Civil War. He headed the agency from its founding in May 1953 until December 1963.

At the end of World War II, Albania came to be dominated by Enver Hoxha's communist party which owed its ascension to power in part to the British MI6 which actively supported it during the war. The outbreak of the Cold War made Britain reverse its position on Albania initiating the Albanian Subversion operation. Britain sought the assistance of Greece which at the time was hostile towards Albania due to its territorial claims in Northern Epirus and Albania's support for the Democratic Army of Greece. British reliance on the Albanian nationalist Balli Kombëtar militia created reluctance in the Greek intelligence community to collaborate with their erstwhile enemies. Nevertheless, the Manetta Villa in the Athenian suburb of Kifissia was used as a training ground for Albanian anticommunist guerillas. An MI6 communication center was set up in the Bibelli Villa in north east Corfu and an Albanian language propaganda radio station operated from the Alkyonides Islands. The latter came under the control of Central Intelligence Agency in 1950 and continued to function for four more years. KYPE supplied the British with information acquired from the Greek community in Albania as well as political refugees living in Lavrio camp. The Albanian Subversion was ultimately revealed by KGB double agent Kim Philby, the Albanian authorities conducted numerous arrests thus foiling the plot.

Between 1952 and 1961 KYPE and its successor KYP conducted a campaign of cultural propaganda against the Greek communist party (KKE) and the United Democratic Left (EDA). Reports were issued on the Trotskyist Fourth International as well as Titoism, those two currents of communism were to be reinforced in order to spread discord among the country's leftists. On 17 November 1953, KYP proposed conducting tax audits on suspected communist book publishers and cinema owners, censoring Soviet movies and promoting Soviet films of particularly low quality. In 1959, KYP launched exhibitions of Soviet products in Volos, Thessaloniki and Piraeus. The bulk of the products were cheap and defective, purposefully selected to tarnish the Soviet Union's image. In 1961, propaganda brochures such as "The Mishellenic Propaganda of the Slavs and the Macedonian Question" and "KKE and Northern Epirus" were printed and sent out to regional newspapers in the north of the country.

At the very beginning, the agency appointed an anticommunist role, as the country was under the consequences of the civil war and all the countries at the northern borders, were under communist regimes. KYP was controlled by the CIA; in the first eleven years of its history (1953–1964) its agents received their salaries from the Americans, not the Greek state, until Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou, enraged with this level of dependence, stopped this practice. During the Regime of the Colonels (1967–1974), KYP actively continued its anticommunist action.

Between the late 1970s and the 1990s, KYP and EYP monitored the activities of foreign terrorist organizations such as the German Red Army Faction, the Palestinian Abu Nidal Organization, the Japanese Red Army, the Armenian ASALA, and the Turkish, PKK and Dev Sol. The presence of latter two was tolerated by Greece due to its geopolitical conflict with Turkey. Their members received political asylum, mainly settling in the Lavrio refugee camp. Despite PKK's designation as a terrorist organization its members openly raised funds within Greece. Their activities were gradually restricted following the 1999 Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy thaw.

After Andreas Papandreou came to power in 1981, he was determined to totally control the state apparatus, including the intelligence services, which historically had been staffed exclusively by people with right-wing political views. The external attention was focused on the relations towards Turkey. He appointed as head of KYP Lieutenant General Georgios Politis, a close friend of retired General, PASOK MP and minister Antonis Drosogiannis; Politis organized a massive purge of right-wing personnel. KYP became a civilian agency, EYP, by Ministerial Decree 1645/86. In recent years, its directors have been diplomats, while traditionally they were military officers.

In late May 1985, KYP agents monitoring the activities of the Soviet embassy in Athens realized that its sports secretary Sergei Bokhan had vanished under mysterious circumstances. KYP suspected Bokhan to be either a KGB or a GRU operative, as was an approximate 40% of the embassy's staff. Valery Goncharouk another suspected GRU agent and embassy worker also unexpectedly returned to Moscow. Unbeknownst to Greece Bokhan had been a MI6 double agent since 1974. On 17 May, Bokhan received an order to urgently return to the USSR in order to confirm a promotion. Fearing that his cover had been blown he escaped to USA with the help of CIA. Bokhan's testimony was passed to KYP, revealing that he and Goncharouk had established a network of collaborators most of whom worked in the high tech sector. Amongst them were Greek navy officers specializing in computer engineering, a Greek contractor producing FIM-92 Stinger missiles and a contractor for the French defense manufacturer Thomson-CSF. The latter two were acquitted after the judge presiding over their case claimed that they had the right to engage in industrial espionage as the technology in question belonged to a foreign nation. The fact that the folders containing the documents were mailed through the regular post service and were not properly marked as classified also played a role in the court's decision. The court-martial also ended in the officer's favor, after Bokhan's testimony was judged to be inadequate for a conviction.

In 1989, New Democracy MP Pavlos Bakoyannis was assassinated by members of Revolutionary Organization 17 November. New Democracy and CIA leveled the accusation that the PASOK political party was behind the creation of 17 November and Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA) another Greek far left terrorist organization. The New Democracy leadership continued to insist that the former had collaborated with PASOK even after 17 November disbanded in 2003. 17 November had in fact been founded by Alexandros Giotopoulos, a staunch opponent of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974 and former member of the Paris anti–junta circles.

On 5 March 1991, EYP conducted a series of arrests of Palestinian terrorists in Athens, seizing a number of explosive devices. On 19 April 1991, Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine militant Hashaykem Ahmed perpetrated a bombing in the city of Patras. The bombing resulted in seven fatalities and an equal number of injured. EYP had warned the central police headquarters that the leader of the local Palestinian student's union was an Islamic Jihad member and possessed weaponry on 3 April. On 16 April, EYP once again issued a communique warning of a possible Islamic Jihad attack in Patras. It was later revealed that the central police headquarters had failed to pass the information to their Patras colleagues. A connection between the perpetrators of the bombing and the Palestine Liberation Organization led to the expulsion of five Palestinian diplomats and eight other Palestinians. The level of EYP's awareness of Islamic Jihad's movements within the country led to allegations by a number of people including the former interior minister Ioannis Skoularikis that the bombing had been a false flag operation by either CIA or Mossad.

During the recent years, EYP has also been active regarding cases of corruption in Greek football, such as the 2015 Greek football scandal and various attacks to Greek referees.

In 2021, a former Greek intelligence officer, who was in charge of the Kyrenia branch of the Greek National Intelligence Service admitted that Greece and the Junta of Dimitrios Ioannidis knew about the invasion from at least April of 1974, saying that "if the Greek leadership wanted, the Turks would have suffered annihilation", this was said in an interview with the Cypriot state broadcaster, RIK.
The Officer also claims that all the evidence he had on this issue was also turned in to the Greek parliament during their investigation of the events of Cyprus (Later to be known as the Cyprus File), adding more details and claiming that although he was sending important intelligence signals to his superiors in Greece, he was getting no reply or instructions, including after informing them of the Turkish Military movements in the area saying " "It was as if they already knew everything and didn't need any additional information."

In 2022, it was revealed that the National Intelligence Service tapped the mobile phone of opposition politician Nikos Androulakis, which led to immediate resignation of Greece's intelligence chief and the head of his personal office.

Other information
The agency's motto is the ancient Greek phrase "" (translated roughly as "Do not discuss confidential affairs"), a quote attributed to the Corinthian tyrant and philosopher Periander.

EYP is rumored to operate one of the largest criminal databases of any intelligence agency. In addition, it possesses a large volume of classified information about criminal hubs, activities and organizations operating throughout the European Union.

See also
 Hellenic Police
 List of intelligence agencies

Footnotes

References

External links
 Official Website of the National Intelligence Agency  -

1953 establishments in Greece

National Intelligence Service (Greece)


Alexander Salton (1869 – 10 September 1916) was an Australian rules football goal umpire in the Victorian Football League.

Alexander Salton played football for Richmond Football Club in the 1880s and 1890s, long prior to their admission to the VFL. When he enlisted in the AIF on 6 August 1915 he was 45 years old. The following day he umpired his only Richmond match and a fortnight later his last VFL match before entering camp at  Broadmeadows. Originally allocated to the 12th reinforcements of the 6th Battalion he left Australia aboard the HMAT Ceramic on 23 November 1915.

On arrival in Egypt he suffered from varicose veins leading to a month in hospital. This period coincided with the reorganisation of the AIF and when Salton was returned to duty he was transferred to the newly formed 60th Battalion. Another minor bout of varicose veins preceded his embarkation to France. As a result, rather than joining the full battalion, he was placed in the 15th Training Battalion and then at the 5th Divisional Base Depot after he arrived at Marseilles on 30 June 1916. This transfer meant that Salton was not present at the Battle of Fromelles on 19 July. That action resulted in the virtual destruction of the 60th Battalion. They suffered 757 casualties from a pre-action strength of 887.

On 29 August Salton eventually joined the battalion as reinforcement for the massive battle losses. Straightaway he was in the front line in the Fromelles area. The hazards of trench warfare were ever present. Shrapnel and high-explosive shells, snipers and trench raids all occurred in the short time Salton survived.

Five days after arriving Salton was mortally wounded. Shot in the stomach, he was evacuated through the 14th Field Ambulance to the 1st Australian Casualty Clearing Station where he clung to life for six days before dying of his wounds on 10 September.

Salton was buried at Estaires Communal Cemetery in France. All that remained was returned to his wife: his two identity discs and metal pencil case. At least, that was, until many years later when Richmond Football Club historian, Rhett Bartlett, came across a gold locket inscribed 'For Services Rendered. A. Salton. 1887' in a Hawthorn antique shop. It had been presented at the club Annual General Meeting and remains a link to the only VFL umpire to have died in military service of his nation.

Footnotes

Australian Football League umpires
Richmond Football Club (VFA) players
1916 deaths
Australian military personnel killed in World War I
1869 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Australian Army soldiers
Colony of Victoria people

Alexander Salton


Dominic Alfred Poleon is a footballer who plays as a forward for Ebbsfleet United and the Saint Lucia national team. He played youth football for Chelsea and Southend United before signing for Leeds United in August 2010. Whilst at Leeds he had loan spells with Bury and Sheffield United.

Career

Chelsea and Southend United
Poleon attended Brampton Manor Academy in East Ham. He began his career in football across the city in the junior teams at Chelsea but failed to progress at the Premier League club. He would join Southend United for the later years of his school life and travelled with them on a tour of France in 2009 aged 15 before being signed by Leeds a year later after being identified by Head of Recruitment Steve Holmes.

Leeds United
Poleon joined Leeds in the summer of 2010. He gained good reviews in the youth and reserve teams in his first year at the club. In the following 2011–12 season, Poleon was the leading scorer for the United youth team with 12 goals. He capped his second season at the club by signing a one-year professional contract along with fellow youth prospects Ross Killock and Monty Gimpel.

After scoring for the club's Development Team in a 2–0 friendly match victory over Alfreton Town at North Street on 21 July 2012, Poleon and several other youngsters including Sam Byram, Nathan Turner, Lewis Turner and Monty Gimpel, travelled with the senior team the following week on a pre-season tour of Cornwall and Devon. He scored again against Tavistock in a 6–0 victory and featuring as a substitute in subsequent games versus Bodmin Town and Torquay United as Leeds recorded three wins from three on their summer tour. The tour provided Poleon with the perfect opportunity to demonstrate his competency at a senior level ahead of a make-or-break year.

His performances in further pre-season games would lead to the young striker joining fellow prospect Sam Byram on the fringes of the first team for the start of manager Neil Warnock's first full season in charge as he was assigned the number 26 shirt for the campaign. He made his first team début for Leeds in the first game of the season coming on as a 76th-minute substitute against Shrewsbury Town at Elland Road in the League Cup fixture on 11 August 2012. He would make his league début two weeks later when he replaced Ross McCormack in Leeds' 2–1 win over Peterborough United.

Poleon made his first start for Leeds United in a league game against Nottingham Forest on 22 September after impressing as a substitute in a 2–3 league defeat against Hull City earlier in the week. He marked the occasion with his first professional goal in the 25th minute. Prior to the game against Forest, Neil Warnock had questioned Poleon's work ethic and approach to the game, saying that he risked his career 'fizzling out' if he didn't change his attitude. He likened Poleon's attitude to his former protégé at Crystal Palace, Victor Moses, who would prove to increase his application before joining Premier League side Wigan Athletic in £2.5m deal in 2010 and reigning UEFA Champions League winners Chelsea for a fee of around £9m two years later. The imminent loan signing of another of Warnock's former protégés and Moses' former teammate at Palace, Ryan Hall, would further limit Poleon's first-team opportunities at United as he would look to gain valuable playing experience from a loan spell in the lower leagues.

On 15 October 2012, Poleon and teammate Zac Thompson joined League One strugglers Bury on month-long loan deals. Both youngsters would be working under the newly appointed Bury manager Kevin Blackwell, who had a seventeen-year association with Warnock as player and coach between 1986 and 2003 and had managed Poleon's parent club between 2004 and 2006. He was assigned the number 33 shirt and made his debut for the Shakers in the 1–1 home draw versus Carlisle United. Poleon had hit the post in the game and provided the assist for goalscorer Thompson in the first-half. The energy and commitment of the youngsters lead to instant praise from Blackwell after the game; observing that "the two young lads from Leeds were absolutely out on their feet after that. For them, the warm up matters, every time they train matters, when they travel in – it matters and I'm really pleased with both of them, the whole team."

Poleon scored his first goal for the club in his second game versus Yeovil Town, equalising on the 74th minute mark at Huish Park in a 1–2 defeat. He continued his impressive early form over the following games; adding another assist in a 2–1 victory over Hartlepool United and his second goal in a 1–1 draw at home to Walsall. Poleon got a touch on the ball as it dribbled towards goal, with Poleon getting the final stroke before it nestled into the bottom corner against Portsmouth. On 19 November, Poleon's loan at Bury was extended until 3 January 2013 but he was recalled by his parent club only a day later due to suspensions and injuries. During Poleon's seven league games; the Shakers accumulated eleven points having previously only picked up four from their first ten.

Poleon was recalled by Leeds on 20 November due to injuries and suspensions at his parent club, coupled with his own good form at Bury. On 18 January 2013, Poleon signed a new two-and-a-half-year contract with Leeds.

Poleon joined Yorkshire rivals Sheffield United on loan until the end of the season on 12 February 2013. Blades boss Danny Wilson described Poleon as being "raw and unpredictable but very quick... he can get in behind the back of people and he can get a goal. We just feel he can add a little bit extra from the bench or even start." After playing seven times for Sheffield, Poleon was recalled by Leeds caretaker manager Neil Redfearn, after the departure of Neil Warnock.

Poleon scored his second goal for Leeds at Vicarage Road on the final day of the season in Leeds' 2–1 win against Watford after appearing as an early substitute for the injured Steve Morison. During this match Poleon was involved in a controversial collision in which he appeared to push Ikechi Anya, resulting in him accidentally colliding with goalkeeper Jonathan Bond, and earning himself a yellow card. Bond was rendered unconscious and was stretchered off the pitch with a suspected broken nose. Whilst the push was perceived as cynical by many opposing fans, he later posted on his official Twitter that he did not mean to injure the keeper and stressed he had no malicious intentions.

Poleon scored his first goal of the 2013–14 season on his first start, in a League Cup tie at home to Chesterfield. Poleon's goal proved to be the winner as Leeds won the game 2–1.

Oldham Athletic
On 1 September 2014, in the final hour of transfer deadline day, Poleon signed a two-year contract with Oldham Athletic for an undisclosed fee.

AFC Wimbledon
Poleon signed for AFC Wimbledon on 2 July 2016. He scored his first goals for Wimbledon when he scored twice in an EFL Trophy tie against Swansea City Under-23s on 30 August 2016.

Bradford City
He signed for Bradford City in June 2017 on a two-year deal.

Crawley Town
On 5 July 2018, Poleon agreed to join League Two side Crawley Town on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee.

Newport County
Poleon's contract at Crawley was cancelled by mutual consent on 2 September 2019 to enable him to join League Two Newport County on the same day until the end of the 2019–20 season. He made his debut for Newport 14 September 2019 in the 2–0 defeat to Northampton Town as a second-half substitute.

On 30 January 2020, Poleon joined National League side Dover Athletic on loan until the end of the season. Poleon was released by Newport County at the end of the 2019–20 season.

Ebbsfleet United
On 9 February 2021, Poleon joined National League South side Ebbsleet United on a free transfer following a successful trial period with the club.

A successful February 2023 where Poleon scored seven goals in seven matches, taking Ebbsfleet fourteen points clear of the team in second position, saw the striker win the National League South Player of the Month award. On 7 April 2023, he scored a fourth hat-trick of the season to take his league tally to thirty-six goals, securing a 3–0 victory over Oxford City to secure the National League South title and promotion back to the fifth tier. Having finished the season as top goalscorer, he was named the National League South Player of the Season.

International career
Poleon was born in England and is of St Lucian descent. On 16 June 2023, Poleon made his debut for the Saint Lucia national football team, in a 3–1 defeat to Martinique in the 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup preliminary round. On 7 September 2023, he scored his first goals for his country with a hat-trick in a 5–1 victory over Sint Maarten.

Career statistics

Club

Notes

International

International goals
Scores and results Saint Lucia's goal tally first.

Honours
Ebbsfleet United
National League South: 2022–23

Individual
National League South Player of the Month: February 2023
National League South Player of the Season: 2022–23
Ebbsfleet United Supporters' Player of the Season: 2022–23
Ebbsfleet United Players' Player of the Season: 2022–23

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from the London Borough of Newham
Saint Lucian men's footballers
Saint Lucia men's international footballers
English men's footballers
English people of Saint Lucian descent
Men's association football forwards
Chelsea F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
English Football League players
AFC Wimbledon players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Ebbsfleet United F.C. players
National League (English football) players
Black British sportsmen

Dominic Poleon


John Charles Fourcade, Jr. (born October 11, 1960) is a former professional American football quarterback in the National Football League for the New Orleans Saints and recent head coach of the New Mexico Stars of American Indoor Football. Fourcade was the most valuable player of the 1982 Senior Bowl after passing for 115 yards and running for 33 yards and two touchdowns. He had gained 6,713 yards at Ole Miss from 1978 to 1981, breaking the career record of Archie Manning.

Professional career
Fourcade played as an undrafted free agent in four games as a backup to Joe Paopao for the British Columbia Lions in 1983. As a career journeyman quarterback, he played for the 1984 Winnipeg Blue Bombers (CFL) and the 1985 Memphis Showboats (USFL) before being signed as a free agent by the New York Giants in May 1986. He then played for the 1987 Denver Dynamite in the Arena Football League. In 1987, he led the Saints to a 2-1 replacement game record and made the regular roster. Over his career, Fourcade passed for 2,312 yards in 24 games for the Saints, with a passer rating of 70.1. He was waived by the Saints in July 1991. In 1993, he played for the Miami Hooters of the AFL. In 2001, he was the general manager, head coach and played in the National Indoor Football League for the Mississippi Fire Dogs.

Coaching career
Prior to playing for the Saints in the replacement games, J. Fourcade was the QB coach at John Ehret High School, Marrero La. From 1986 to 1987. At John Ehret, Fourcade coached Kordell "Slash" Stewart. Fourcade played with the 1994 Milwaukee Mustangs (AFL), and Coached the 1995 Miami Hooters (AFL), the 1999-2000 Mississippi Fire Dogs (IPFL), the 2001 Mobile Seagulls/Louisiana Bayou Beast (NIFL), the 2002 Florida Firecats (af2), the 2003-2004 Columbus Wardogs (af2), the 2005 Tupelo FireAnts (UIF) and the 2006 Bossier-Shreveport Battle Wings (af2).

In the 2007 season, Fourcade was the head coach of the IFL's Fairbanks Grizzlies in Fairbanks, Alaska.

In the 2008 season, he led the Acadiana Mudbugs to the SIFL's first playoffs and finished the season 6-6. For the 2010 season, he was fired after the team's opening game loss (they had since been renamed the Lafayette Wildcatters) and replaced by ex-Arena League and Af2 Coach Skip Foster.

On August 20, 2009, it was announced that Fourcade would be the head coach of the Rio Grande Valley Magic SIFL team for its inaugural 2010 season.

John Fourcade has since left the SIFL and first moved on to the new Lone Star Football League, in which he was the head coach of the Rio Grande Valley Magic in the 2011 season.

On December 26, 2015, John Fourcade was announced as head coach of the Louisiana Cottonmouths indoor football team, but the team folded without ever competing before the season began.

In April 2016, Fourcade was named the head coach of the New Mexico Stars, an indoor football team.

Broadcasting career

Fourcade currently serves as an NFL football analyst for WDSU (NBC) New Orleans.

On September 5, 2013, the "John Fourcade Show presented by Ray Brandt" will premiere on WHNO TV (LeSEA Broadcasting) in the New Orleans area. John Fourcade will join with host Mike Detillier to discuss upcoming Saints, NFL, and LSU action.  The show will be shot on location at featured Ray Brandt automotive dealerships.

Personal life

Fourcade once dated Marla Maples.

Fourcade is the uncle of former Nicholls quarterback Chase Fourcade.

References

1960 births
Living people
People from Gretna, Louisiana
American football quarterbacks
Archbishop Shaw High School alumni
Players of American football from Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Players of Canadian football from Louisiana
Ole Miss Rebels football players
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football quarterbacks
BC Lions players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Denver Dynamite (arena football) players
New Orleans Saints players
Miami Hooters players
Arena Football League coaches
Memphis Showboats players
Florida Bobcats coaches
Af2 coaches
Florida Firecats coaches
Bossier–Shreveport Battle Wings coaches
National Football League replacement players

John Fourcade


Archduke Charles of Austria most commonly refers to Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1771–1847).

The title may also refer to:
Archduke Carl Christian of Austria (born 1954)
Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (1918–2007)
Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (1745–1761)
Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (1649–1664)
Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (1860–1933)
Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria (1888–1951)
Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (1818–1874)
Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (1833–1896)
Archduke Karl of Austria-Este (1785–1809)
Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (1909–1953)
Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria (1839–1892)
Charles I of Austria (1887–1922)
Charles II, Archduke of Austria (1540–1590)
Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw (1590–1624)
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1711–1740)
Charles, Infante of Spain and Archduke of Austria (1607–1632)
Karl Habsburg-Lothringen (born 1961), current head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Archduke Charles of Austria (disambiguation)


Julio César and Júlio César are the terms for Julius Caesar in Spanish and Portuguese languages respectively. They may also refer to:
 Julio César Salas Municipality, Venezuela

Academics
 Julio Cesar Firrufino (1578–1651), Spanish engineer and mathematician.
 Júlio César de Mello e Souza (1895–1974), Brazilian writer and mathematics professor
 Julio César Gutiérrez Vega, Mexican physicist
 Julio César Jobet (1912–1980), Chilean historian

Entertainment
 Julio Cesar Cedillo, Mexican-American actor

Music
 Julio César Meza (born 1983), Colombian singer
 Julio César Brero (1908–1973), Argentine composer

Politics
 Julio César Arana (1864–1952), Peruvian politician
 Julio César Franco (born 1951), Paraguayan politician
 Julio César Godoy Toscano (born 1965), Mexican politician
 Julio César Grauert (1902–1933), Uruguayan political figure
 Julio César Méndez Montenegro (1915–1996), Guatemalan politician
 Julio César Pereyra (born 1951), Mayor of Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Julio César Strassera (1933–2015), Argentine prosecutor during the 1985 Trial of the Juntas
 Julio César Turbay Ayala (1916–2005), President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982
 Julio César Gámez Interiano (born 1955), Honduran politician

Sport

Association football

Players
Júlio César (footballer, born 1956) (Júlio César da Silva Gurjol), Brazilian international striker
Júlio César (footballer, born 1963) (Júlio César da Silva), Brazilian international defender
Júlio César (footballer, born November 1978) (Júlio César Santos Correa), Brazilian defender
Júlio César (football goalkeeper, born 1979) (Júlio César Soares de Espíndola), Brazilian international goalkeeper
Júlio César (footballer, born 1982) (Júlio César Coelho de Moraes Júnior), Brazilian defender
Júlio César (footballer, born January 1983) (Júlio César Mendes Moreira), Brazilian midfielder
Júlio César (footballer, born December 1983) (Júlio César de Oliveira Martins), Brazilian midfielder
Júlio César (footballer, born 1984) (Júlio César de Souza Santos), Brazilian goalkeeper
Júlio César (footballer, born 1986) (Júlio César Jacobi), Brazilian goalkeeper
Júlio César (footballer, born March 1995) (Júlio César de Freitas Filho), Brazilian defender
Julio César de Andrade Moura (born 1965), Brazilian born Peruvian international, commonly known as Julinho
Júlio César António de Souza (born 1976), Brazilian forward
Julio César Arzú (born 1954), Honduran goalkeeper
Julio César Baldivieso (born 1971), Bolivian international midfielder
Júlio César Basilio da Silva (born 1996), Brazilian defender
Julio César Benítez (1940–1968), Uruguayan defender
Julio César Britos (1926–1998), Uruguayan forward
Julio César Cáceres (born 1979), Paraguayan international defender for Club Olimpia
Júlio César da Cruz Coimbra (born 1980), Brazilian defender
Julio César Enciso (footballer, born 1974), Paraguayan international midfielder
Julio César Enciso (footballer, born 2004), Paraguayan midfielder
Julio César Gaona (born 1973), Argentinian goalkeeper for Crucero del Norte
Julio César Hurtado (born 1983), Bolivian midfielder for Club Blooming
Julio César Laffatigue (born 1980), Argentine forward for Querétaro F.C.
Julio César de León (born 1979), Honduran footballer for Platense
Julio César Manzur (born 1981), Paraguayan defender for Club Olimpia
Júlio César Martins (born 1978), Brazilian goalkeeper for Red Bull Brasil
Julio Cesar Moreira Ribeiro (born 1995), Brazilian forward
Júlio César do Nascimento (born 1979), Brazilian midfielder for Al Shabab Al Arabi Club
Júlio César de Paula Muniz Júnior (born 1988), Brazilian midfielder for Americana
Julio César Pinheiro (born 1976), Mexican defender for Japanese club Kyoto Sanga F.C.
Julio César Ramírez (born 1974), Uruguayan, last with Progreso
Júlio César Rocha Costa (born 1980), Brazilian defender
Julio César Romero (born 1960), Paraguayan midfielder, commonly known as Romerito
Julio Cesar Serrano (born 1981), Argentine midfielder for ŠK Slovan Bratislava
Júlio César da Silva Gurjol (born 1956), Brazilian forward, known as Júlio César Uri Geller
Júlio César da Silva e Souza (born 1980), Brazilian left winger for Gaziantepspor
Julio César Suazo (born 1978), Honduran defender
Júlio César Teixeira (born 1979), Brazilian fullback, better known as Julinho
Julio César Tobar (born 1978), Colombian defender for Millonarios
Julio César Valdivia (born 1982), Mexican goalkeeper for Cruz Azul
Julio César Yegros (born 1971), Paraguayan striker
Júlio César Zabotto (born 1983), Brazilian midfielder for Americana
Julio Furch (born 1989), German-Argentine forward for Club Olimpo
Julio Maya (born 1985), Cuban forward for River Plate Puerto Rico

Managers
 Julio César Cortés (born 1941), former Uruguayan international midfielder and manager
 Julio César Falcioni (born 1956), Argentine football manager and former goalkeeper
 Júlio César Leal (born 1951), Brazilian manager
 Julio César Moreno (born 1969), Chilean manager
 Julio César Ribas (born 1957), Uruguayan manager
 Julio César Toresani (1967–2019), Argentine manager and former midfielder
 Julio César Uribe (born 1958), Peruvian manager and former midfielder

Boxing
 Julio César Borboa (born 1969), Mexican super flyweight
 Julio César Chávez (born 1962), Mexican multi-weight
 Julio César Chávez Jr. (born 1986), Mexican multi-weight
 Julio César García (born 1987), Mexican middleweight
 Julio César Green (born 1967), Dominican middleweight
 Julio César González (born 1976), Mexican light-heavyweight
 Julio César Miranda (born 1980), Mexican flyweight
 Julio César Vásquez (born 1966), Argentine middleweight

Cycling
 Julio César Aguirre (born 1969), Colombian road racer
 Julio César Blanco (born 1976), Venezuelan road racer
 Julio César Herrera (born 1977), Cuban track racer
 Julio César Rangel (born 1968), Colombian road racer

Other sports
Julio Cesar (mixed martial artist) (born 1994), Brazilian featherweight
Julio César Urías (born 1972), Guatemalan race walker
Julio Cesar Giraldo (born 1995), Colombian rugby player

Related pages
 Cesar (disambiguation)
 Julius Caesar (disambiguation)

Julio Cesar


The Datschiburger Kickers are a charity association football team from Augsburg with a changing line-up. The team featured well-known athletes, local Augsburg celebrities and show stars. The team was founded in 1965 by Max Gutmann, an Augsburg entrepreneur and promoter of sports and science, and sports journalist Horst Eckert. The impetus came from a charity match between FC Schmiere and Augsburg's celebrity team on July 17, 1965, which 30,000 people came to watch at Rosenaustadion.

The Datschiburger Kickers are still active today. More than 300 games have been played since 1965 and over 1.5 million Euros have been raised for social causes. Since the club was founded in 1965, the Kickers remained undefeated for almost 45 years. On July 23, 2010, the Datschiburg Kickers' winning streak ended in a match against the Sport Press team, which they lost 4–3. The team's name is derived from a nickname for Augsburg citizens, the Datschiburgers. This in turn is based on the Zwetschgendatschi, a yeast cake invented in Augsburg.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the Datschiburger Kickers played in Augsburg's Rosenaustadion in front of up to 20,000 spectators. The most famous team members were athletes such as Helmut Schön, Günter Netzer, Sepp Herberger, Helmut Haller, Uwe Seeler, Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Fritz Walter, Uli Biesinger and Max Schmeling. However, celebrities such as Gunter Sachs, Gert Fröbe and Uschi Glas also competed.

References

All references are in German.
 Horst Eckert (Text), Günter Swoboda (Gestaltung): 40 Jahre Datschiburger Kickers e.V. 1965–2005. Augsburg, 2005.
 Beate Spiegel (Hrsg.): Anpfiff!: zum Fußball in Bayerisch-Schwaben. Begleitheft zur Ausstellung im Schwäbischen Volkskundemuseum Oberschönenfeld vom 7. April bis 15. Oktober 2006. Schriftenreihe der Museen des Bezirks Schwaben, H. 36. Schwäbisches Volkskundemuseum Oberschönenfeld, Oberschönenfeld 2006.
 Werner Klinger, Horst Eckert: Augsburger Fussballgeschichte. Verlagsgemeinschaft Augsbuch, Augsburg 2006. ISBN 3-938332-08-5.

Other websites

 Homepage of the Datschiburger Kickers

1960s establishments in Germany
1965 establishments in Europe
German football clubs
Augsburg

Datschiburger Kickers


Light Street is the oldest road in the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. It was named after the founder of Penang, Captain Francis Light. As the epicentre of George Town, the street was created soon after Light established the settlement in 1786 and has been serving as a major thoroughfare within the city centre ever since.

Located within the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site, Light Street has also been part of the city's civic core, as the main administrative and judicial buildings of Penang were built within the vicinity of the road, including Fort Cornwallis, the City Hall, the State Assembly Building and the Supreme Court. To this day, Light Street remains the administrative heart of Penang, although most governmental functions have since been moved to Komtar.

Etymology

Light Street was named after Captain Francis Light, who founded Penang Island and established the settlement of George Town in 1786.

History

Light Street was created between 1786 and 1787, soon after the founding of George Town. Having landed at the then swampy Esplanade, and while Fort Cornwallis was under construction, Light ordered the crew of his ship to fire silver coins into the jungles that covered the area at the time. With the Esplanade cleared, he then created Light Street, which was named after himself.

With over 200 years of history stretching back to 1786, Light Street is older than most cities and towns in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, Light Street became the epicentre of George Town, as it was the nucleus from which the other streets within the new settlement radiated out.

One of Francis Light's first municipal acts was the sinking of a public well, now located within Convent Light Street. Light and his business partner, James Scott, also had their residences built at Light Street, the first of several residences built by British officials along the road.

Gradually, administrative and judicial buildings were also built along Light Street by the British, turning it into the administrative heart of Penang. The Supreme Court of Penang, established within Fort Cornwallis in 1809, was then relocated to the present High Court Building along Light Street the following year. The State Assembly Building, originally built as the central police station of George Town, was completed by the mid 19th century. The City Hall, which faces the Esplanade, was constructed at the start of the 20th century.

A Straits Settlements administrative complex located at the junction with Beach Street was also constructed in the late 19th century. Upon completion, it housed, among others, the Governor's office, the Land Office, the Marine Department and the Public Works Department. However, the building was almost entirely destroyed during World War II. Only a small part of the complex remains standing; it now houses the offices of the Penang State Islamic Council.

Landmarks
 Queen Victoria Memorial Clock Tower, built to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897
 Esplanade
 Fort Cornwallis, the oldest fort in Malaysia
 Town Hall, the oldest municipal seat in Penang, was completed in the 1880s
 Penang Chinese Chamber of Commerce

Government buildings
 Penang State Assembly Building, the home of the Penang State Legislative Assembly.
 City Hall, the seat of the Penang Island City Council

Judiciary
 High Court of Penang

Education
 Convent Light Street

See also
 List of roads in George Town
 Architecture of Penang

References

Roads in Penang
George Town, Penang

Light Street, George Town


George Gower (c. 1540–1596) was an English portrait painter who became Serjeant Painter to Queen Elizabeth I in 1581.

Biography
Very little is known about his early life except that he was a grandson of Sir John Gower of Stittenham, North Yorkshire.

His earliest documented works are the two 1573 companion portraits of Sir Thomas Kytson and his wife Lady Kytson, now in the Tate Gallery in London.

Gower painted a self-portrait in 1579 (right) that shows his coat of arms and his artist's tools of his trade.  An allegorical device shows a balance with an artist's dividers outweighing the family coat of arms, "a startling claim in England where a painter was still viewed as little more than an artisan."

Gower is also famous for painting the Plimpton "Sieve" Portrait of Queen Elizabeth in 1579, now at the Folger Shakespeare Library. The sieve that Elizabeth carries signifies the Roman vestal virgin Tuccia, who carried water in a sieve to prove her chastity, thus representing Elizabeth's status as a virgin queen. The globe over her right shoulder symbolizes her position as the leader of global empire.

Gower was appointed to the position of Serjeant Painter to Queen Elizabeth in 1581. This allowed him to paint most of England's aristocracy. The post also made him responsible for painted decoration at the royal residences, and on coaches and furniture. Among his works were a fountain (now destroyed) and the astronomical clock, both at Hampton Court Palace. He also inspected portraits of the Queen by other artists prior to their official release.

The version of the Armada Portrait of Elizabeth now at Woburn Abbey, painted to commemorate the 1588 defeat of the Spanish Armada, was formerly attributed to Gower, as was a cut down version in the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom).  All three extant versions are now thought to be the work of different unknown English artists.

Gower died in London.

Gallery

See also
Artists of the Tudor court
Portraiture of Elizabeth I
Serjeant Painter

Notes

References
Cooper, Tarnya and Charlotte Bolland: The Real Tudors : kings and queens rediscovered., London: National Portrait Gallery  (Cooper and Bolland 2014)
Biography of George Gower The National Maritime Museum Art Gallery. Accessed October 2007
Gower, George at the Union List of Artists Names, The J. Paul Getty Trust. Accessed October 2007
Portraits by Gower at the Tate Britain Gallery in London. Accessed October 2007
Hearn, Karen, ed. Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 1530-1630.  New York: Rizzoli, 1995.  .
Strong, Roy: The English Icon: Elizabethan and Jacobean Portraiture, 1969, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (Strong 1969)
Strong, Roy: Gloriana: The Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I'', Thames and Hudson, 1987,  (Strong 1987)

External links

1540s births
1596 deaths
Leveson-Gower family
16th-century English painters
English male painters
English portrait painters
Portrait miniaturists
Court painters

George Gower


Henry Noel Bentinck, 11th Earl of Portland, Count Bentinck und Waldeck Limpurg (2 October 1919 – 30 January 1997) was a British Army officer, peer, and intellectual.

Early life and education
Bentinck was born in the parish of St George Hanover Square, Westminster. His father, Count Robert Charles Bentinck, a descendant of William Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck, a younger son of William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, and a half-brother of Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland, died when Bentinck was only twelve. His mother, Lady Norah Ida Emily Noel, eldest daughter of Charles William Francis Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough, and a great-great-granddaughter of William IV, died when he was nineteen.

He was educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, but left after only a term amidst press headlines – "Count missing from Sandhurst". He worked as a cowboy in California for a year, returning to England in 1939 and marrying Pauline Ursula Mellowes in 1940. He registered as a conscientious objector, but after the death of a close friend he joined the Coldstream Guards, as a private soldier. He was soon commissioned as an officer and served with distinction in Italy at Camino. He was wounded twice, and then was a prisoner of war until 1945, when he was able to rejoin his regiment in Trieste.

Career
After the war he was a producer at the BBC. From 1952 to 1955 he worked as a jackaroo on a sheep station in Tasmania.

He rejoined the BBC, as producer of the Today programme presented by Jack de Manio and other series. At this time he wrote his first book, Anyone Can Understand the Atom. In 1959 he joined J. Walter Thompson as an advertising producer, working on over 600 commercials. He created and produced the Nimble bread balloon commercials, as well as the first campaign for Mr Kipling, himself coining the phrase, "Mr Kipling makes exceedingly good cakes".

He moved to Devon in 1974 with his second wife Jenny Hopkins to run a self-sufficient organic smallholding and guest-house for six years. Later he struck up a close friendship with James Lovelock, the creator of the Gaia hypothesis, and published Life is a Sum Humanity Is Doing Wrong.

He died at Little Cudworthy, a house in Dolton, Devon.

Marriages and children
He was married on 13 October 1940 to Pauline Ursula Mellowes (London, 15 October 1921 – Potten End, Hertfordshire, 10 January 1967), daughter of Frank Wilford Mellowes (Sheffield, South Yorkshire, April / June 1875 – London, 10 October 1940) and wife Doris (née Watts). They had three children:
Lady Sorrel Deidre Bentinck (born 22 February 1942), married Sir John Philip Lister Lister-Kaye, 8th Baronet, and has issue.
Lady Anna Cecilia Bentinck (born 18 May 1947).
Timothy Charles Robert Noel Bentinck, 12th Earl of Portland (born 1 June 1953), an actor known for his long-running role as David Archer in the BBC Radio 4 series The Archers.

He married secondly, Jenifer Hopkins, in 1974. She died in 2016.

Peerages
With the death of his cousin in 1968 he became Count Bentinck of the Holy Roman Empire, a foreign title which may be used in the United Kingdom due to a royal licence of 1886.

In 1990, on the death of his distant cousin the 9th Duke of Portland, he succeeded to the Earldom of Portland through his descent from the first Earl. One of the last generation of hereditary peers to take a seat in the House of Lords by direct inheritance, his maiden speech in the Lords in January 1993 was on the 9th report of the European Communities Committee on the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Legislation, when he spoke for restrained urban and population growth on ecological grounds.

References

External links

 Tim Bentinck's Memorial site
 "Burke's Peerage and Baronetage"
 "Nederlands Adelsboek"
 http://familytrees.genopro.com/iaintait/Tree_Compilation/genomaps/genomap125.svg

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of the Holy Roman Empire

1919 births
1997 deaths
H
Counts of the Holy Roman Empire
Teutonic Knights
People educated at Harrow School
BBC people
British conscientious objectors
Coldstream Guards officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Earls of Portland

Henry Bentinck, 11th Earl of Portland


Graham McMillan (born 21 January 1936 in Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian former football (soccer) player.

Graham McMillan represented Australia at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Graham McMillan scored Australia's first goal in its 1956 Olympic campaign.

Graham McMillan was awarded the "Award of Distinction" when he was inducted in 1999 into the Football Hall of Fame (Australia) which is organised by Football Federation Australia.

Early years

Graham McMillan was the second son of Alexander and Evelyn McMillan. His father was born in Glasgow, Scotland and came to Australia in 1913. His father was a talented football (soccer) player and represented the State of Queensland in the 1920s. His mother was a good sprinter and was a member of the local "Mayne Harriers Athletics Club".

Graham McMillan had a sister, Patricia, who died at the age of 3 prior to his birth, and an older brother, Alexander (who went by the name "Lex"). Graham McMillan's early education was at the local Junction Park State Primary School in Annerley, where he represented in inter-school competition at both football (soccer) and Cricket. Graham McMillan attended Industrial High in his secondary years, which fielded a football (soccer) team in the local club competition. As a Sub-Junior Graham McMillan was selected in the football (soccer) Senior School team and also represented the school at Cricket in the 1st Eleven team.

Formative years

Graham McMillan's father fostered both his brothers' and his interest and love for both football (soccer) and Cricket by taking them regularly to both club and interstate events. On the football (soccer) side of things, as mentioned, his father had been an accomplished player and was considered a master of the dribble. Graham McMillan's father taught his brother and him the art of keeping the ball from opponents. The family would also practice heading with a tennis ball to learn perfect timing which allowed them to send the ball a great distance. Graham McMillan honed his heading and timing skills by using a tennis ball tied to a clothes line. Lowering the line also helped time his feet volleying skills of a moving ball. Graham McMillan's practice paid off as he is readily remembered for his hang time and ability to out-leap much taller opponents, despite his relatively small stature.

Football career

At the age of 17 Graham McMillan teamed up with his brother Lex and they played for YMCA in the "A" Division, the top division in the Brisbane / Ipswich football (soccer) competition. Whilst still a teenager Graham McMillan represented Brisbane against Ipswich in an annual competition for the Kruger Cup, an event played in a home and away format and which was always a hard-fought encounter. The Ipswich players were mostly hardened coal miners and played a tough, physical game. These matches were a great education and friendships Graham McMillan gained with some of the Ipswich players endure to this very day.

In 1955 Graham McMillan was selected as a standby player for the Queensland State Team and secured his place in the 1956 Queensland team the following year. In the 1956 selection match of Probables versus Possibles, Graham McMillan scored a record eight individual goals in the eleven to three victory by the Probables. From ensuing matches against the State sides of New South Wales and Victoria, Graham McMillan was selected in a combination "Eastern States Team" to play against the other States – South Australia in Adelaide, Western Australia in Perth and Tasmania in Hobart. Prior to the Western Australia match their local newspaper stated that Graham McMillan was rated as the best inside forward found in Australia for many years. Thankfully he had a good game, with the Perth press stating, "Grahame McMillan received applause for this fine approach work, and local critics unanimously claimed him as the best man on the field." The matches against the other States on that trip were just as successful for Graham McMillan and in October 1956, he was advised that he had been selected to represent Australia at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

In 1957, a Hungarian side, Ferencvárosi Torna Club, visited with coach Professor Árpád Csanádi, who was also mentor of the Hungarian National Team. Professor Csanádi was most impressed by Graham McMillan's performance and proclaimed McMillan as the best player he had seen in Australia. The report of the match when they played Queensland stated that Graham McMillan's pace and clever ball control caused the Hungarians to make substitutions to strengthen their defence. Professor Csanádi  told Graham McMillan that he would like to take him to play in Europe. Graham McMillan considered the request but felt it was not a suitable move at the time with Hungary recovering from political unrest. Nevertheless, Professor Csanádi said he would recommend McMillan to any team over there.

The upshot was that Graham McMillan received an invitation from London Club Leyton Orient to go over and join them. Graham McMillan arrived in London on 17 October 1957. The club set him up in 'digs' not far from the Orient's ground, which was located, ironically, in Brisbane Road. In those days the remuneration was not great and players at the end of their careers were shown the door and had to seek other employment. This situation was brought home to McMillan one Sunday when he was at the ground having a bit of a kick around. McMillan got chatting to a bloke who was sweeping out the stands and it turned out he had been a player of some note and had been captain of the team. When he retired the club had kept him on as a cleaner.

Graham McMillan injured his left knee in the New Year. The treatment afforded to him by the club was a bit of a rub and a reassuring, "you're ok" by an unqualified 'trainer' in the club's Medical Room in which the facilities were way short of state-of-the-art. McMillan kept playing though the knee failed to respond to 'treatment'. In the end McMillan decided that he had had enough, the knee was not improving. The Club asked him to reconsider, but with no offer of treatment by a qualified expert he could not see any chance of improvement in his condition. A further offer to reconsider came from Eddie Baily, a former Nottingham Forest and England international footballer who was transferring back to Leyton Orient. Eddie and McMillan would have a 'cuppa' at the Tea Shop in the High Street after training. But McMillan's mind was made up and he flew back to Brisbane in 1958.

Despite his injured knee, Graham McMillan continued to be selected for both State and Australian soccer teams.

In 1959, Graham McMillan and his brother Lex joined a new football club, Annerley. This club had just been promoted to the 1st Division and consisted of a number of young players having their first experience at that level. A very good friend of Graham McMillan's, Bill Barron, who had worked with McMillan as a trainer for many years joined Annerley as coach. Barron boasted very little soccer experience but was a great thinker and innovator and the club, to its credit, was prepared to give him a go. They were not disappointed. The team won every trophy on offer that year. The Minor Premiership, the Grand Final, the Hilton Shield and the Tristram Shield, in which Annerley F.C. won the final by nine goals to nil. The newspaper report stated that, "the team gave the finest display ever seen by a Brisbane Club team. Their controlled passing, interchanging, pace and machine-like play ripped the oppositions defence to ribbons".

Graham McMillan and his brother Lex spent one more year with Annerley F.C, but with the emergence of the ethnic clubs in Brisbane, Lex was signed by Polonia whilst Graham McMillan was signed by Hellenic F.C. In Graham McMillan's first year with Hellenic F.C. he finally had his knee operated on. After a short rehabilitation period McMillan was back playing, ending the season with Hellenic as champions. Graham McMillan played 9 seasons with Hellenic F.C. during which time the team won 5 Premierships plus many other trophies.

Graham McMillan retired in 1970 after a 1st Division career spanning 23 years. Graham McMillan represented the State of Queensland from 1956 to 1968, captaining the team in the latter years. Graham McMillan represented Australia on several occasions in the mid to late 1950s.

Miscellaneous

Graham McMillan was invited and took part in the Torch Relay for the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

Personal life

Graham McMillan married Mary Jones, in Brisbane in 1959. They have three children, Lissa McMillan, Lexia Willmington and Martin McMillan and five grandchildren (Elysha Willmington, Kelsey Willmington, Annika McMillan, Isaac Willmington and Connor McMillan).

References

External links

1936 births
Australian men's soccer players
Australia men's international soccer players
Footballers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Olympic soccer players for Australia
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Soccer players from Brisbane

Graham McMillan


Alfred John "AJ" Reynolds is a Canadian performer, entertainer, and radio personality, best known for his internationally syndicated radio show Canada's Top 20 Countdown. Reynolds is also co-founder of Positive Number Productions and is the current host of AJ Reynolds ON Air heard on stations across Canada.

Early life
Born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Reynolds was raised in Sydney River, Nova Scotia and was born into a family known locally for being radio personalities. Reynolds was the first son in a family of four, consisting of a younger brother and mother and father. Reynolds always had a keen interest in radio and often visited his uncle's morning show on local station CJCB.

Radio career
Reynolds began his radio career in Moncton, New Brunswick as an afternoon announcer at CKCW-FM. He moved around in time slots and also filled in for news on both K94.5 and its sister station CFQM-FM. After a two-year period Reynolds had quit his position and one day later went to work on air and in production for CJMO-FM and CJXL-FM, where he refined his on-air persona and also developed his production skills. In less than one year he became the overnight host on CFNY-FM. During his three years as host for CFNY he was often the fill-in for Martin Streek.
From 2005 till February 2009, Reynolds left radio to work in feature film. In February 2009, Reynolds restarted his radio career as an announcer at CKHZ-FM, holding number one ratings in the city for his time slot. After a one-year period, Reynolds was moved over to the sister station for the launch of Atlantic Canada's first ever New Rock Station. His position was short lived at CKHY-FM. Reynolds is the current host of Canada's Top 20 Countdown. His introduction to the international entertainment arena began while working with a fellow co-worker and launching the brand Canada's Top 20 Countdown a show now heard on stations coast to coast in Canada, across all Air Canada flights, The Canadian Forces Network and in 20 countries.

Movies and television
In television, Reynolds has hosted many local programs, from news magazines to national lottery draws. Reynolds worked for over 5 years in feature films behind the scenes, working mainly as an executive producer's assistant and various other positions. Currently Reynolds is in production on his latest television venture which is based upon Canada's Top 20 Countdown.

Further interests
Outside of his radio career as an announcer, Reynolds is a businessman and entrepreneur. He is the co-founder of Paradise Radio a brand of English radio stations in tourist destinations across the world and he is also the owner of Positive Number Productions, a syndicated program producer and distributor.

References

Canada's Top 20 Countdown: About AJ Reynolds
92.5 The Beat Montreal personalities: AJ Reynolds

External links
 Canada's Top 20 Countdown

Canadian DJs
Canadian parodists
People from Sydney, Nova Scotia
Parody musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

A. J. Reynolds


SIX Interbank Clearing AG (before November 2008: Swiss Interbank Clearing AG), based in Zurich, Switzerland, is a subsidiary of SIX Group.

Since 1987 SIX Interbank Clearing has operated on behalf of the Swiss National Bank a payment platform for the processing of domestic and international payments (clearing) in Swiss francs and, since the introduction of the euro, also of payments in euros. This platform - which includes the Swiss Interbank Clearing system for francs and euroSIC for euros - connects virtually all Swiss financial institutions and a number of banks outside Switzerland. This makes it possible for financial institutions worldwide to handle electronic payments in euros and Swiss francs in Switzerland around the clock in real time.

activities

SIX Interbank Clearing also participates in various committees to standardize national and international payments (IBAN and SEPA).

SIX Interbank Clearing also maintains the tables, history and ongoing discussion for ISO 4217, the ISO standard that defines international currency codes.

References

External links
 http://www.six-interbank-clearing.com/en/home/payment-services/sic.html
 http://www.six-interbank-clearing.com/en/home/payment-services/eurosic.html

Banking in Switzerland

SIX Interbank Clearing