The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is the largest group in the Mormon movement. It was started in 1830 in New York by Joseph Smith. Members of this church believe that Joseph Smith was chosen to be a prophet to bring back the church more like how Jesus Christ had set it up when he was alive. They also believe that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three separate individuals, but all have the same purpose. LDS scriptures include the Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price. Members of the church are sometimes called Mormons. They properly known as Latter-Day Saints. They are well known for being active in missionary work. They also believe in the importance of families.

Beliefs and practices
The headquarters of the church is in Salt Lake City, Utah, but there are more than 16 million members living all over the world. About six million members live in the United States and it is the second fastest growing church in the United States. It is also the fourth largest church in the United States. The leader of the Church is called the President of the Church, and members respect him as a prophet. The current President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is Russell M. Nelson.

Latter-day Saints believe in the Holy Scriptures including the Bible and the Book of Mormon. They also believe that it is important for families to spend a lot of time together, and that after they die, they can live together forever. Latter-day Saints do not drink alcohol, coffee, or tea; smoke tobacco; or use other drugs. They meet once a week on Sunday for church, where they take the sacrament and listen to short talks by members of their own congregation. They also alternate between Sunday school to learn more about their scriptures and Relief Society (women group) and Elders Quorum (men group) where they discuss religious topics. Latter-day Saints also have buildings called temples. These are the most holy buildings in their religion. After a temple has been dedicated, only Latter-day Saints that are living lives in accordance with the teachings of the church can go in the temple.

Latter-day Saints believe in helping poor and needy people all around the world. Because of this, Latter-day Saints have given $1.2 billion, since 1985, in cash and assistance to other people. They also believe it is important to learn their family history, often called genealogy. They also help others to learn their family histories, and give access to all their family history records for free, through the internet, on the website Familysearch.org.

In 1842, Joseph Smith wrote 13 paragraphs describing what the Church and its members believe. These are those 13 beliefs:

The ARTICLES OF FAITH

 We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in His Son, Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost.
 We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam's transgression.
 We believe that through the atonement of Christ, all mankind may be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel.
 We believe that the first principles and ordinances of the Gospel are: first, Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; second, Repentance; third, Baptism by immersion for the remission of sins; fourth, Laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost.
 We believe that a man must be called of God, by prophecy, and by the laying on of hands by those who are in authority, to preach the Gospel and administer in the ordinances thereof.
 We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, and so forth.
 We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, healing, interpretation of tongues, and so forth.
 We believe the Bible to be the word of God as far as it is translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of God.
 We believe all that God has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God.
 We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion (the New Jerusalem) will be built upon the American continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and, that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisaical glory.
 We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our own conscience, and allow all men the same privilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may.
 We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.
 We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and in doing good to all men; indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition of Paul – We believe all things, we hope all things, we have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.

Organization
The leaders of the Church are fifteen old men titled apostles. The man who has been an Apostle for the longest time becomes President of the Church and the man who has been an Apostle the second longest is President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The President of the Church picks two Apostles to be his First and Second Counselors in the First Presidency (the First Presidency being the President and the 2 Counselors while the other 12 Apostles make up the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles). If the President of the Quorum of the Twelve is one of the Counselors, or the second longest serving Apostle is too sick to do the work that comes with being President of the Quorum of the Twelve, the longest serving other Apostle who is not in the First Presidency is named Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Since Russell M. Nelson became President of the Church, Dallin H. Oaks has been President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and First Counselor in the First Presidency and M. Russell Ballard has been Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

There are several divisions of the Church. The biggest ones are areas. An area might be a whole country, or part of a continent. Another division is a temple district. A temple district contains all the congregations served by one temple. This often means a whole state, region, or large city. Still another division is the mission, which is an area to which missionaries are assigned; almost all of the world is part of a mission, whether or not missionaries live or seek converts there.

Another division of the church is the stake. Stakes contain all the Latter-day Saints in a geographic area (for example, the stake in Whittier, California serves all the Latter-day Saints in Whittier, Pico Rivera and La Mirada). A stake often contains several thousand members. Stakes are divided into wards.

In areas where the church is less established and there are not enough members to form a stake, a district is formed. Districts serve much the same role as stakes. In turn, districts are divided into branches. If the church membership grows large enough, a district will be changed into a stake and the branches into wards.

Each congregation is one ward (or branch). A ward might contain only people who speak a language other than the local language of its area. Examples include areas next to large U.S. military bases in foreign countries, where English-language wards may be organized, and major U.S. cities with many immigrants, where wards using Spanish, dialects of Chinese, or other languages are often formed. In some places, there are special wards for deaf people, where the services are held in the local sign language (such as American Sign Language in English-speaking North America). The church also has "singles wards", in which the congregation is made up only of single adults. In turn, there are two types of singles wards—Young Single Adult (YSA), for ages 18 to 30, and Single Adult (SA), for those over 30.

History
The church was founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 in upstate New York. It was probably due to the Book of Mormon, which Smith said he had translated from gold plates that were buried in a nearby hill. Smith's followers first went to Kirtland, Ohio in 1831. The first temple was built in Kirtland, and by the mid-1830s, there were over 17,000 members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. In 1838, the Latter-day Saints settled in Independence and Far West, Missouri. They were driven out because people in Missouri did not trust Latter-day Saints. The Latter-day Saints then moved to Nauvoo, Illinois. There, Smith started to practice polygamy and tried to start a "theodemocracy," which combined Latter-day Saints rule with American democracy. In 1844, an attempt by Smith to shut down the Nauvoo newspaper led to Smith being accused of treason, followed by him being killed by a mob.

After Smith's death, there was a controversy over who should replace Smith. Brigham Young led most of the Latter-day Saints to Utah in 1847. When Utah became a territory in 1850, it was somewhat of a theocracy. Later in the 1850s, there was conflict between the Latter-day Saints and the U.S. government over control of the territory. This was called the Utah War. The Mountain Meadows massacre was part of the Utah War. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Latter-day Saints settled the "Mormon Corridor" in Utah and surrounding states in the Western United States. Some of the places they settled were Mesa, Arizona; San Bernardino, California; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Cardston, Alberta. By 1890, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints had built temples in three Utah cities.

Brigham Young died in 1877. Around that time, the U.S. government made polygamy against the law. Polygamy had been practiced by Young and some members of the church since the 1840s. Laws by the U.S. government led to many Latter-day Saints leaders going into hiding, and many polygamists being sent to jail. In 1890, the church stopped polygamy. This is thought to be the beginning of the modern era of the Mormon church.

In the early 20th century, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints grew, and opened its first temples outside of Utah. Soon into the 20th century, tithing (giving money to the Church) was made a part of being a good member. In 1995, Gordon Hinckley became president. He got the church to build many temples in the United States and elsewhere around the world. The current President is Russell M. Nelson after the death of Thomas S. Monson in January 2018.

Missions
Young people are encouraged to go on missions when they get old enough. Men may go for two years after they are 18 years old (as long as they have graduated from high school), and women may go for 18 months after they are 19 years old. Before an August 2012 change in church policy, men had to be 19 in most countries, and women throughout the world 21, before they could go on missions. More men go on missions than women do. These missionaries go to a "Missionary Training Center" for a few months where they learn how to be good missionaries, and then live in another place for their mission. The Church tells them where they need to go. Then they work with one other missionary who is the same gender as they are (called a "companion"), and change companions often so they are not always with the same person. Missionaries will go to people who live near them and teach them about the Church, and baptize people who want to join the Church. They also help people around them, even if these people are not in the Church. Often they help by building houses for people who need them.

Older people sometimes go on missions after their children grow up. They get to go with their spouse. There are many different kinds of missions for "senior missionaries". Some of them are only a few months, and some of them are a few years. These missions can be "service missions", which means that they go to help people who live in the area. Sometimes the senior missionary is a "mission president". This means that they lead and help young missionaries in the place where they go to live.

Criticisms

The LDS church has been heavily criticized since its creation. Some of the criticisms are listed below.

Current
 Expecting members to give 10% of the money they earn to the church
 Not allowing non-members, or members that do not have church permission to attend temples, to go to weddings at temples.
 Continuing to believe that it is best for mothers to remain in the home and raise a family
 Allowing baptism on behalf of those who are dead, to give the deceased the opportunity to join the church
 Pushing to not allow Same-sex marriage, even in areas that have a very small Latter-day Saint population (Such as California's Proposition 8, which passed partly due to a media campaign funded by the church)
 Not saying how much money the church has
 Believing that God was once a man
 Not allowing the drinking of alcohol, coffee, tea

Past
 Polygamy, allowing men to have more than one wife (the church mostly stopped this in 1890, though some break off churches still allow it)
 Not allowing black people to go inside temples, go on missions, or become leaders until 1978
 For Brigham Young, the second prophet of the church, teaching that God was once as Adam, though this was never official church doctrine.

Notes

References

Other websites
 ChurchofJesusChrist.org - Official Website
 ComeUntoChrist.org - Intro to the Church

1830 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in New York (state)
History of Utah
Mormonism
Christian organizations based in the United States


Dietrich I, otherwise known as Theoderich (died 1039 or 1040), was Bishop of Meissen from 1024 to late 1039 or early 1040.

Life
Dietrich was consecrated as Bishop of Meissen by Humfrid, Archbishop of Magdeburg. There is no information on his previous life or career. He founded St. Afra's Priory, Meissen. He took part in the Synod of Frankfurt of 1027 convened by Emperor Conrad II, of which Wolfhere of Hildesheim gave an account.

During his episcopate Meissen and Lusatia became a theatre of war between the Emperor and Mieszko II Lambert. The Emperor destroyed the temples and idols of the Wends and excluded those who refused to convert to Christianity from any position of power or privilege.

Dietrich died either at the end of 1039 or in the first half of 1040. He was buried in Meissen Cathedral but no monument has survived.

References

Roman Catholic bishops of Meissen
1040 deaths
Year of birth unknown

Dietrich I of Meissen


John Sampen (born 1949) is an American classical saxophonist.

Sampen's degrees are from Northwestern University (B.M., 1971; M.M., 1972; and Doctor of Music, 1984). His teachers included Frederick Hemke, Larry Teal, and Donald Sinta. He has served as professor of saxophone at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio since 1977. His wife is the composer and pianist Marilyn Shrude.

Sampen plays all types of the saxophone. He specializes in new music, and has commissioned over 60 new works for these instruments, from composers such as Samuel Adler, William Albright, Milton Babbitt, William Bolcom, John Cage, Michael Colgrass, John Harbison, Donald Martino, Ryo Noda, Pauline Oliveros, Bernard Rands, Gunther Schuller, Elliott Schwartz, Marilyn Shrude, Morton Subotnick, and Vladimir Ussachevsky.

Partial discography
Sampen, John: The Electric Saxophone. Works by Bunce, Cage, Furman, Mobberley, Shrude, Tower, and Ussachevsky. Brooklyn, New York: Capstone Records, CPS-8636, 1997.
Sampen, John and Marilyn Shrude: Shadows and Dawning. Works by Albright, Beerman, and Shrude. Albany, New York: Albany Records, Troy526, 2002.
Sampen, John and Marilyn Shrude: Visions in Metaphor. Works by John Adams, Milton Babbitt, Karel Husa, Pauline Oliveros, William Albright, Samuel Adler, Marilyn Shrude, Bernard Rands, Philip Glass, and Joan Tower. Albany, New York: Albany Records, Troy442, 2001.

Notable students
James Umble, saxophone professor at Youngstown State University
Brent Bristow, Professor of Music, Director of Bands, and Professor of Saxophone at Arkansas State University Beebe
Michael Ibrahim, saxophone professor at West Virginia University
Scotty Stepp, Professor of Saxophone at DePauw University, Indiana University, and the University of Indianapolis
Susan Cook, saxophone professor at Depaul University
Russell Peterson, saxophone professor at Concordia College
Michael Holmes, Artist-Teacher of Saxophone and Head of Woodwinds at Roosevelt University Chicago College of Performing Arts and Director of Marketing for the North American Saxophone Alliance
Joseph Murphy, saxophone professor at Mansfield University
Ryan Muncy, Executive Director of Ensemble dal Niente, Chicago, IL
Shannon Ford, freelance saxophonist and member of Sax 4th Avenue
Christopher Blossom, saxophonist with the United States Army Field Band
Adrienne Welker, saxophonist with the United States Navy Band
David Babich, saxophonist with the United States Navy Band
Jeff Heisler, saxophone professor at Oakland University
James Fusik, saxophone professor at Wayne State University
 Andrew Braet, saxophonist with the Band of the Irish Guards, British Army
Noa Even, saxophone professor at Kent State University
Matthew Younglove, saxophone professor at Tennessee Tech University
Rhonda Taylor, saxophone professor at New Mexico State University
Cody Greenwell, saxophone professor at California State University, Bakersfield
Garret Klauss, classical saxophone performist & saxophone teacher at L'anse Creuse High School and Dakota High School In Macomb County Michigan

External links
John Sampen official site

Classical saxophonists
American classical saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Living people
1949 births
Contemporary classical music performers
Bienen School of Music alumni
Bowling Green State University faculty
21st-century American saxophonists
21st-century American male musicians

John Sampen


Henry Robinson Luce (April 3, 1898 – February 28, 1967) was an American magazine magnate who founded Time, Life, Fortune, and Sports Illustrated magazines. He has been called "the most influential private citizen in the America of his day".

Born in Shandong, China, to Presbyterian parents, Luce moved to the US at the age of 15 and later attended Yale College. He launched and closely supervised a stable of magazines that transformed journalism and the reading habits of millions of Americans. Time summarized and interpreted the week's news; Life was a picture magazine of politics, culture, and society that dominated American visual perceptions in the era before television; Fortune reported on national and international business; and Sports Illustrated explored the world of sports. Counting his radio projects and newsreels, Luce created the first multimedia corporation. He envisaged that the United States would achieve world hegemony, and in 1941 he declared the 20th century would be the "American Century".

Early life
Luce was born in Tengchow (now Penglai), Shandong, China, on April 3, 1898, the son of Elizabeth Root Luce and Henry Winters Luce, who was a Presbyterian missionary.

Education
At 15, he was sent to the US to attend the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut, where he tried hard to overcome his stuttering.  As a scholarship student he was isolated from the upper-class boys. He was subsidized by an elderly Chicago heiress, Nancy Fowler McCormick, who favored sons of missionaries.  Applying himself to study, Luce quickly became the top student. He was especially strong in languages—he studied Greek, Latin, French and German—and already knew Chinese. He edited the Hotchkiss Literary Monthly. There, he first met Briton Hadden; they became best friends.

Hotchkiss was a feeder prep school for Yale, where, after a summer spent working on a  Springfield newspaper, Luce matriculated in the fall of 1916. He was the top freshman academically, but grades did not confer as much prestige as a staff role on the Yale Daily News. Only four freshmen were chosen by the News; they included Luce and Hadden. When the U.S. entered the World War in 1917, a third of the students joined the army; the rest, including Luce, joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) and attended class in uniform.  Luce also joined Alpha Delta, a minor fraternity. His grades remained top-level, and every spare hour was devoted to newspaper work. Luce and Hadden were the two outstanding journalists; when the vote came in January 1918 for chairmanship of the News, Hadden beat Luce by one vote. Luce instead became managing editor and the two worked closely together and started planning their future.  Meanwhile, the Army assigned them as ROTC leaders to train new recruits. The war ended before either was commissioned. They returned to campus in January 1919 as juniors. In May they were both tapped for the highly prestigious Skull and Bones secret society. He tried, but failed, to win a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University, but he was admitted and paid his way. He spent the year travelling Europe, observing the postwar scene closely. He returned to the United States to take a newspaper job in Chicago as a junior reporter.

Magazines
Nightly discussions of the concept of a news magazine led Luce and Hadden, both age 23, to quit their jobs in 1922. Later that same year, they partnered with Robert Livingston Johnson and another Yale classmate to form Time Inc.

Luce, supported by Editor-in-Chief T. S. Matthews, appointed Whittaker Chambers as acting Foreign News editor in 1944, despite the feuds that Chambers had with reporters in the field.

Luce, who remained editor-in-chief of all his publications until 1964, maintained a position as an influential member of the Republican Party. An instrumental figure behind the so-called "China Lobby", he played a large role in steering American foreign policy and popular sentiment in favor of Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, Soong Mei-ling, in their war against the Japanese. (The Chiangs appeared in the cover of Time eleven times between 1927 and 1955.)

Luce penned a famous editorial in Life magazine in 1941, called "The American Century", which defined the role of U.S. foreign policy for the remainder of the 20th century (and perhaps beyond).

He died in Phoenix, Arizona in 1967. At his death, he was said to be worth $100 million in Time Inc. stock. Most of his fortune went to the Henry Luce Foundation, where his son Henry III served as chairman and chief executive for many years.

Family

Luce met his first wife, Lila Hotz, while he was studying at Yale in 1919. They married in 1923 and had two children, Peter Paul and Henry Luce III, before divorcing in 1935. In 1935 he married his second wife, Clare Boothe Luce, who had an 11-year-old daughter, Ann Clare Brokaw, whom he raised as his own. He died in Phoenix, Arizona in 1967. At his death, he was said to be worth $100 million in Time Inc. stock. Most of his fortune went to the Henry Luce Foundation, where his son Henry III served as chairman and chief executive for many years.

Recognition
He was honored by the United States Postal Service with a 32¢ Great Americans series (1980–2000) postage stamp. Luce was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame.

References

Further reading
 Baughman, James L. "Henry R. Luce and the Business of Journalism." Business & Economic History On-Line 9 (2011). online
 Baughman, James L. Henry R. Luce and the Rise of the American News Media (2001) online
 Brinkley, Alan. The Publisher: Henry Luce and His American Century, (Alfred A. Knopf, 2010) 531 pp. online
 "A Magazine Master Builder" Book review by Janet Maslin, The New York Times, April 19, 2010
 Brinkley, Alan. What Would Henry Luce Make of the Digital Age?, Time (April 19, 2010) excerpt and text search
 Elson, Robert T. Time Inc: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise, 1923–1941 (1968); vol. 2: The World of Time Inc.: The Intimate History, 1941–1960 (1973), official corporate history. vol 1 online also vol 2 online
 Herzstein, Robert E.  Henry R. Luce, Time, and the American Crusade in Asia (2006) online
 Herzstein, Robert E. Henry R. Luce: A Political Portrait of the Man Who Created the American Century (1994). online
 Morris, Sylvia Jukes. Rage for Fame: The Ascent of Clare Boothe Luce (1997).
 Swanberg, W. A., Luce and His Empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1972.
 Wilner, Isaiah. The Man Time Forgot: A Tale of Genius, Betrayal, and the Creation of Time Magazine (HarperCollins, 2006).

Primary sources
Luce, Henry. The ideas of Henry Luce ed by John Knox Jessup, (1969) online

External links

 John Foster Dulles and Clare Boothe Luce link (pdf format)
 TIME biography
 The Henry Luce Foundation
 Luce Center for American Art at the Brooklyn Museum – Visible Storage and Study Center
 Whitman, Alden. "Henry R. Luce, Creator of Time–Life Magazine Empire, Dies in Phoenix at 68", The New York Times, March 1, 1967.
 PBS American Masters

 Henry R. Luce Papers at the New-York Historical Society

1898 births
1967 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American anti-communists
American magazine founders
American magazine publishers (people)
American mass media owners
American Presbyterians
Businesspeople from Yantai
Children of American missionaries in China
Connecticut Republicans
Hotchkiss School alumni
New Right (United States)
People from Penglai, Shandong
People from Ridgefield, Connecticut
Skull and Bones Society
Time (magazine) people
Yale University alumni
Members of Skull and Bones

Henry Luce


Sokobanja (, ) is a spa town and municipality located in the Zaječar District of the eastern Serbia. As of 2011, the population of the town is 7,982, while population of the municipality is 16,021.

Geography
Sokobanja is one of the most popular tourist resorts in Serbia. It is situated in the southern part of Sokobanja valley, surrounded by mountains Ozren, Devica, Janior, Rtanj, and Bukovik. The Moravica River runs through Sokobanja. It creates a canyon just 2 km before entering the town. Remains of the Roman and later medieval Serbian fortress Sokograd stand today near the canyon of Moravica.

The Moravica was known for the clear water and the abundance of the crayfish. The 1945 edition of the Politika newspaper reports about the export of the crayfish from Sokobanja, stating that "they were transported from Moravica by airplanes to Paris, London and Monte Carlo". Artificial Lake Bovan on the Moravica is situated some 10 minutes drive to the west of Sokobanja.

Climate

History

The settlement changed name a lot during its history, but from the Roman times it was always connected to its spa function (Serbian banja): Balnea, Banja, Velika Banja ("Great Spa"), Aleksinačka Banja ("Aleksinac Spa"), Sokol Banja.

Tourism

Sokobanja, as both the thermal and air spa, is one of the most popular tourist resorts in Serbia.

Satirist Branislav Nušić coined the rhyme Sokobanja, Soko-grad, dođeš mator, odeš mlad ("Sokobanja, Sokograd, you come old, you leave young"). He wrote it on a postcard manufactured by his friend so that he could boost the sales. After being printed in the Politika newspaper on 7 July 1934, the catchphrase became popular, surviving till today as the trademark of Sokobanja, inspiring several songs.

Spa

There are remains of the Roman thermae: wooden foundations, bricks, mosaics and round bathtubs. During the Ottoman period, the Roman foundations were used for the Turkish bath in the 16th century. The Turks kept the original round shape of the pools as in the hamams they are usually square-shaped. Above each pool, there is a dome with holes which functions as the natural ventilation. Ottoman defter from 1560 mentions the repairs of the hammam. In the 18th century, Samuel von Schmettau wrote about the marble baths.

The first physician to the spa was appointed in 1833 by the Serbian ruling prince Miloš Obrenović, only 20 days after the town was liberated from the Ottomans. It was a surgeon Georgije Đorđe Novaković, originally Leopold Ehrlich, a Jew from Galicia, who switched to Serbian Orthodox Church after moving to Serbia. At that time, he was only one of three physicians in entire Serbia, not counting the military ambulances.

In 1834, Prince Miloš ordered the mineral waters from Sokobanja to be sent to Vienna, Austria, for testing which confirmed the positive healing effect of the water. In 1835, on prince's invitation, German geologist August von Herder among other thermal springs and mining localities, visited Sokobanja. He compared its waters to those from the Austrian spa Bad Gastein. In 1837 Prince Miloš ordered the construction of hospital (špitalj) in Sokobanja, with "20 rooms with floors", including the accommodation for the guests, physicians, and Turkish bath (hammam) workers.

On 21 June 1837, Prince Miloš signed an order for a sergeant major Lazarević from the Military-police office in Kragujevac to be sent to Sokobanja for a healing treatment. This date is today considered as the starting date of the spa tourism in Serbia. Prince renovated and expanded the Turkish bath and appointed Austrian doctor Leopold Ehrlich as the first spa doctor. Prince personally visited the spa a lot and built several other objects, like the Prince Miloš Fountain, on the road to Aleksinac, Miloš' Konak in downtown Sokobanja, today a restaurant, and Miloš' bathtub in the hammam. The prince's bathtub, which still in use today just as the entire hammam complex, is short but deep, has its own tap and is placed in a separate room. There are two other pools, "male" and "female", with hot water from the underground springs.

The spa became quite popular among the cultural elite and was visited by writers, poets, painters, sculptors, actors, directors. Apart from Nušić, it was visited by Jovan Cvijić, Isidora Sekulić, Stevan Sremac and Meša Selimović, while the Nobelist author Ivo Andrić draw a graphic of the town. During World War II, Andrić moved from Belgrade to Sokobanja in 1942 for a while. He originally stayed in the villa Mon repos and then moved to "Bota", which is today within the hospital complex. According to Andrić's diary, during his stay in the spa, he finished the short story Snake and began writing some of his most important works: novels The Bridge on the Drina and Woman from Sarajevo and short story Jelena, the woman of my dream. Re-visiting Sokobanja and the villa "Bota" in 1973, Andrić wrote: "I am fearful, this place will become famous. The world will rush in and I will have to run away from here and try to find a new spa. But where can I find beauty and peace like this?".

The Turkish bath in Sokobanja is the only still functioning such facility in eastern Serbia. Under the name Staro banjsko kupatilo ("Old spa bath") it is protected by the state and declared a cultural monument. It is colloquially also called Roman bath or Turkish bath-Amam. The venue served as the setting for the "Serbian box office wonder", the film Zona Zamfirova in 2002. The bath was renovated in 2005.

The illnesses which are being treated in the spa include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, respiratory infections, allergies in children, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism, neurological and gynecological illnesses, physical and psychic exhaustion, etc.

Soko Grad

Soko Grad (Соко Град), also known as Sokolac, was a medieval city and fortress  east of Sokobanja. The fortress was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1982, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.

The fortress originates from the Roman, early Christian period. It was founded in the 6th century during the reign of Emperor Justinian I, to prevent incursions of Pannonian Avars and Slavs into the Balkan peninsula. In 1172, it was occupied by Stefan Nemanja and became part of the medieval Serbian state. There is evidence that the fortress was razed during Stefan Nemanja's rule, as part of the prosecution of the Bogumils.

The fort was rebuilt and expanded in the late 13th and early 14th centuries on the foundations of the Roman fort. It was mentioned later during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarević. The Ottoman Empire occupied it in 1398. The town was destroyed in 1413 by the Ottomans during the 1402–13 civil war, in the battle between Musa Çelebi and the local Turkish chieftain Hamuz Beg. Today the only visible remains of the upper town are the gate, walls, and three towers.

Vrmdža

In the village of Vrmdža,  to the north, there are remains of another fort, Town of Vrmdža (Vrmdžanski grad). It was also originally a Roman fortress built during the rule of Emperor Justinian I and was also destroyed in 1413.

The village was revived in the 21st century, with the growing tourism on the Rtanj mountain. The villagers began to revitalize the objects, with the help of the village diaspora from the United States, Switzerland and Italy. Some immigrants returned with families, but also some foreigners moved their families to Vrmdža, renovating over 40 houses. The old school, built in 1851 and operational until 1863, and then being turned into the monastery's konak, has been adapted into the museum. There are also a monument to the soldiers of World War I and an unusual medieval church. Dating from the 13th century, it has only one room and frescoes on the ceiling. It was reconstructed and annexed in 1819.

The locality is close to the former Tsarigrad Road, which connected Belgrade and Istanbul. Next to the road are two rocks, named Nikolina stena and Devojačka stena after the folk tales. The first one was named after a young man Nikola who slipped and got killed after trying to pick a flower for his girlfriend, while the other ("Girl's") was named after a girl who committed suicide by jumping of it so that she wouldn't be ravaged by the Ottomans. There is also a Vrmdža Lake, old renovated watermill, wooden bridge over the Oravica stream, and a sawmill.

Other features

Other attractions include swimming in the Moravica river and the Lake Bovan, which is especially popular among fishermen, galleries, museums, various concerts and festivities, hiking, wellness centers, hotels, aqua park, saunas, etc. Festivals include "Saint John the Herbs-picker" (in July; dedicated to the medicinal herbs picking on the surrounding mountains of Ozren, Rtanj, and Devica), "Green Heart Fest" (in July; the rock and house music festival) and "Marathon of the wishes" (in September). Since 1983, a "Golden hands" cooking festival has been held annually in July. Only the old, traditional local meals are prepared. Hiking is organized on the Ozren, Rtanj, Devica, and Bukovik mountains, while the popular excursion sites are the Sesalac cave, Očno, Kalinovica and Lepterija, known for the natural phenomenon, an apparent image of the Mother of God in the boulder.

In the neighborhood of Gradašnica, on the river of the same name, there were 13 watermills, built from the early 19th century. They all went out of service by the 1960s. One of them has been renovated and became operational again, but only for the touristic purposes so that visitors can grind the cereals and knead dough themselves. On Ozren Mountain there is a large, single boulder in the middle of the vast meadow. It has been called the "Stone of love" as, allegedly, those who exchange kisses of vows sitting on the rock will stay together forever. According to the folk story, military commander and rebel Hajduk-Veljko and female hajduk Čučuk Stana, exchanged vows at this location.

Special hospitals for lung diseases (Hospital for non-specific lung diseases, founded in 1978) and ophthalmology are situated on Ozren mountain, surrounded by the forest. The lung hospital is a legal successor of the original, 1837 hospital. Major boost to the tourism was opening of the Hotel Sunce ("Sun") in 1977. The edifice with specific design is located next to the Moravica river in the eastern section of Sokobanja. The town center of Sokobanja is home to the 19th-century buildings of elementary school and Serbian Orthodox church.

In the village of Jošanica,  to the northwest, there is a Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God. Founded in the 11th century, it is the oldest existing church in eastern Serbia. Closer to Sokobanja, on the Ozren mountain, there is a Jermenčić Monastery, founded in the 14th century by the Armenians who were fleeing the invading Ottomans. Southeast of Sokobanja, on the slopes of Ozren, there is a seasonal Ripaljka waterfall. It exists only during the spring after the snow melts on the mountain. Already by May, it is usually dry.

Demographics

According to 2011 census of population, there were 16,021 inhabitants in the municipality and 7,982 in the town and municipal seat. The area has been depopulating for decades. The number of inhabitants in the municipality peaked in 1953 (pop. 24,621), while the largest population in the town was recorded in 1991 (pop. 8,439).

Settlements

Aside from the town of Sokobanja, the municipality consists of the following villages (2011 population):

Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Gallery

See also

 List of spa towns in Serbia
 List of places in Serbia
 Mihailo Jovanović (metropolitan)

References

External links

Populated places in Zaječar District
Timok Valley
Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia
Spa towns in Serbia

Sokobanja


Collegeinsider.com is a sports website based in Boston that is noted particularly for its basketball polls, awards and sponsored tournament.

The website was founded by Joe Dwyer and Angela Lento and traces it history to 1995 as regional basketball newsletter.  The collegeinsider.com domain was registered on June 13, 1997.

The organization achieved its first attention for its midmajor poll which began in 1998.

On December 3, 2020, the organization founded Eracism.

Sponsored events and awards

Tournaments
CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament (CIT) - Established 2009 as an alternative basketball venue for schools not selected for the NCAA or NIT tournaments, last contested in 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Basketball Classic - A rebranding of the CIT launched and last contested in 2022.

Awards
Jack Bennett Award
Lefty Driesell Award – Established 2010 to the most outstanding men's college basketball defender in NCAA Division I competition.
Hugh Durham Award – Established in 2005 to the most outstanding mid-major men's college basketball head coach in NCAA Division I competition.
Clarence Gaines Award
Joe B. Hall Award
Lou Henson All-America Team – Established in 2010 alongside the Lou Henson Award (below). Initially honored the top 30 NCAA Division I mid-major men's players, with all treated equally as All-Americans. Reduced to 25 in 2012, and now excludes players who make the Lute Olson All-America Team.
Lou Henson Award – Established in 2010 for the most outstanding mid-major men's college basketball player in NCAA Division I competition. Beginning in 2012, the award was restricted to mid-major players who were not recognized on the Lute Olson All-America Team (below).
Ben Jobe Award – Established 2010 for outstanding minority men's college basketball head coach in NCAA Division I.
Kyle Macy Award
John McLendon Award
Don Meyer Award
Lute Olson All-America Team – Established in 2012 as a supplement to the Lute Olson Award (below). Honors the top 25 NCAA Division I men's players regardless of conference affiliation or year of attendance, with all treated equally as All-Americans.
Lute Olson Award – Established in 2010 for the most outstanding Division I men's college basketball player who has completed at least two years at his current school.
Jim Phelan Award – Established 2003 for outstanding men's college basketball head coach in NCAA Division I (non–mid-major conference) competition.
Skip Prosser Man of the Year Award – Established in 2008 for Division I basketball coach who exhibits strong moral character.
Glenn Robinson Award
Riley Wallace All-America Team
Kay Yow Award – Established 2010 for outstanding women's Division I basketball coach.

References

External links

College basketball websites
Internet properties established in 1997

Collegeinsider.com


Word of the Righteous is a 2017 documentary series directed and produced by journalists Svitlana Levitas and Margarita Yakovleva, co-authors of a Ukrainian-Israeli-US project dedicated to the Righteous Among the Nations.

The film features Ukrainians who rescued Jews from the Holocaust during World War II.

Plot
The film chronicles the valor and sacrifice of teenagers from Ukrainian cities and villages who, despite the life-threatening conditions, saved their Jewish friends, classmates and neighbors from the Holocaust during World War II. In commemoration of their unexampled heroism, they were awarded the honorary title "Righteous Among the Nations" by Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center based in Jerusalem, Israel.

The film consists of documentary interviews with the Righteous Among the Nations and the Righteous of Ukraine. Their accounts are illustrated by courtesy photos, coupled with the photos and videos provided by The Pshenychnyi Central State Film, Photo and Sound Archives of Ukraine.

The first three episodes of the documentary series premiered in 2017 and were dedicated to Olena Malova-Zavadska, Anna Morozova, and Vasyl Nazarenko. In 2018-2019, more episodes were released to tell the stories of Sophia Boyko, Nina Bohorad and Nina Gudkova. In 2020, a new film about the Glagolev family was released.

These people are the living eyewitnesses to the terrible times of the Nazi occupation of Ukraine. Despite being elderly and ailing, they agreed to make their revelations on camera solely for the purpose of preserving the national memory of both Ukrainians and Jews. The Ukrainian-born interviewees who are officially recognized by the State of Israel as the Righteous Among the Nations share their stories in Word of the Righteous in an effort to promote international peace and understanding.

Many of the Righteous Among the Nations who have featured in the film come from Lviv Oblast, in particular:
 Ivan Vovkotrub (city of Zolochiv)
 Stefania Petrushko (city of Lviv)
 Katerina Kleban (city of Rava-Ruska).
Other heroes risked their lives to rescue Jews in Kyiv's Babi Yar and elsewhere in Ukraine, such as Anna Bebekh and Sofia Yarova.
The filmmakers also interviewed many other Ukrainians who saved Jews during the Holocaust.

Authors
The idea of the project belongs to Svitlana Levitas, the film was co-authored by Levitas and Yakovleva.

Levitas is a civic activist, journalist, and translator with a PhD in English literature. In 2016, she was short-listed as one of the candidates for the Global Dialogues & Women's Empowerment in Eurasian Contexts Feminist Mentoring (WEF) Programme in Oxford, England.

Yakovleva is the editor-in-chief of the Family Office media portal, editor of Forbes magazine in 2014–2017, and prize winner of several journalism awards (International Contest among business mass media journalists of Russia and Ukraine – PRESSzvanie Business Circles Prize 2008. Best journalist in Insurance (first place), Best journalist in Business and society (third place), 2009; PRESSzvanie Business Circles Prize-2011, Best journalist in Telecommunications and IT (third place), 2012.

The co-authors got acquainted in 2016 at a seminar on the history of the Holocaust at the House of the Wannsee Conference in Berlin. Principal photography for the film started in November 2016, with the first episode released in September 2017.

The episodes premiered at America House Kyiv, the Lypsky restaurant, and the Mikhail Bulgakov Museum in Kyiv.

Project sponsors
The Word of the Righteous film and project are financed by Yad Vashem, Genesis Philanthropy Group, Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, Ukrgasbank, Ukr.net, Ukrainian businessmen, and the authors of the film. The film is also supported by dozens of volunteers.

References

Documentary film series
Documentary films about children in the Holocaust
Documentary films about Ukraine
2017 films
Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations

Word of the Righteous


William Middleton (born July 28, 1986) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at Furman. Middleton was also a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jacksonville Jaguars and San Diego Chargers.

Early years
Middleton attended Marist High School where he totaled 148 tackles, 10 interceptions, six pass deflections, two kickoff returns for touchdowns, and two blocked punts. He also recorded a school record 103-yard interception return and averaged 27.0 yards on 21 kickoff returns. He was named First-team All-county and All-region honors in 2003 after helping his squad to a 14-1 record and state championship.

College career
As a senior at Furman he started 12 games, making 95 tackles (38 solo), 8.5 tackles for loss, 13 passes defensed, 5.0 sacks and four interceptions. He was a First-team Little All-American and All-Conference selection.  As a junior in 2007 he started at right cornerback in all 11 games and totaled 53 tackles, including three for-loss, three interceptions, and nine pass deflections. In 2006 Middleton  won starting job at right cornerback and helped Furman to an 8-4 campaign that included a third straight playoff appearance. He compiled 38 tackles, including four for a loss, four passes defensed, and a pair of fumble recoveries. He also led the team in kickoff returns averaging 23.1 yards on 25 returns, good for fourth in the Southern Conference. In 2005, he registered playing time as both a backup cornerback and kickoff return specialist. He averaged 22.0 yards on 32 returns and ranked fourth in the Southern Conference in kickoff return average.

Professional career

First stint with Falcons
Middleton was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He was waived by the team on September 5, 2009.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Middleton was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Buccaneers on September 6, 2009, only to be released on September 10.

Second stint with Falcons
Middleton was re-signed to the Atlanta Falcons' practice squad on September 14, 2009.

Jacksonville Jaguars
Middleton was signed off the Falcons' practice squad by the Jacksonville Jaguars on September 20, 2009.

He was placed on injured reserve on November 27, 2012.

San Diego Chargers
On July 28, 2013, Middleton signed with the San Diego Chargers. He was released on August 30, 2013.

References

External links
Furman Paladins bio
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

1986 births
Living people
Players of American football from New York City
Players of American football from Atlanta
American football cornerbacks
Furman Paladins football players
Atlanta Falcons players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
San Diego Chargers players

William Middleton (American football)


Ron Bushy (December 23, 1941 – August 29, 2021) was an American drummer best known as a member of the rock band Iron Butterfly and as the drum soloist on the band's iconic song "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", released in 1968 although performed in the band's earlier appearances. Bushy was the only member of the group to appear on all six of its studio albums.

Career

Iron Butterfly
Previously playing in a band called the Voxmen, Bushy joined Iron Butterfly in 1966, following the band's relocation from San Diego to Los Angeles, replacing previous drummer Bruce Morse when he left due to a family emergency. Bushy became part of the group's classic lineup, along with vocalist and keyboardist Doug Ingle, guitarist Erik Brann, and bassist Lee Dorman.

After drumming on Iron Butterfly's first album Heavy in 1968, the band experienced substantial success with their song "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" from its second album, which shared the name, in which he played a lengthy and critically acclaimed drum solo. Bushy continued to play with Iron Butterfly on its third and fourth albums, 1969's Ball and 1970's Metamorphosis, until its break-up in 1971. He rejoined the group when the band reformed in 1974, playing on its fifth and sixth albums, Scorching Beauty and Sun and Steel, both released in 1975. He departed the group in 1977, and rejoined the next year.

Bushy continued to drum for Iron Butterfly on-and-off until its second break-up, in 1985. From Iron Butterfly's second reunion in 1987, he continued to drum with the group on-and-off as the most consistent member throughout various other member changes and break-ups.

Other bands
Magic (1977–1978): Bushy (drums) and Walter Kibbey (drums), Ron "Rocket" Ritchotte (guitar, vocals), former Iron Butterfly members Philip Taylor Kramer (bass, vocals) and Bill DeMartines (keyboards, vocals).

Gold (1978–1980): Bushy (drums), Ritchotte (guitar, vocals), whose spot was later filled by Stuart Young (guitar, vocals), John Koehring (guitar, lead vocals), and Kramer (bass, vocals). They recorded one album in the spring of 1979 that was never released.

Death
On August 29, 2021, Iron Butterfly issued a statement that Bushy had died that morning at the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica following a battle with esophageal cancer, at the age of 79. He is the third member of the In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida lineup to have died, following Erik Brann and Lee Dorman in 2003 and 2012 respectively, and leaving Doug Ingle as the only surviving member of that lineup.

References

External links

 Iron Butterfly official website
 Drumhead interview
 Everything 2
 Classic Bands
 Drum solo In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida 2012
 Ron Bushy at Find a Grave

American rock drummers
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Iron Butterfly members
1941 births
2021 deaths
Burials at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery

Ron Bushy


Fallen is a 1998 American supernatural thriller film directed by Gregory Hoblit, produced by Charles Roven and Dawn Steel, from a screenplay by Nicholas Kazan. Denzel Washington plays a Philadelphia police detective who is investigating occult murders committed by an apparent copycat killer. John Goodman, Donald Sutherland, Embeth Davidtz, James Gandolfini and Elias Koteas also star. Warner Bros. released Fallen on January 16, 1998. Despite the movie's underperformance at the box office, Fallen gained a cult following and is considered one of Washington's most underrated films.

Plot
Philadelphia Police Detective John Hobbes visits serial killer Edgar Reese, whom he helped capture, on death row. Reese is in high spirits and, during conversation, grabs Hobbes' hand and delivers a spiteful monologue in an unknown language, assumed to be gibberish but later identified as Aramaic. As he is executed, Reese mocks the spectators and sings "Time Is on My Side" by The Rolling Stones.

Hobbes and his partner Jonesy investigate a string of new murders reminiscent of Reese's style, which they assume is by a copycat killer. Following hints given by Reese and the copycat killer, Hobbes tracks down a woman named Gretta Milano. Gretta explains that her father, a former detective, killed himself in an isolated cabin after being accused of a series of occult murders similar to the ones Hobbes and Jonesy are investigating. Hobbes visits the Milano family's abandoned lake-house. In the basement he finds several unsettling books about demonic possession. He also discovers the name "Azazel" written on a wall, obscured under layers of paint and grime.

Hobbes asks Gretta about the name, but she strongly urges him to drop the case to protect the lives of himself and his loved ones. She reconsiders after a terrifying encounter with Azazel, who confronts her in the guise of several strangers on the street and attempts to possess her. Seeking sanctuary in a church, Gretta explains to Hobbes that Azazel is a fallen angel who can possess human beings by touch. Hobbes realizes that Azazel, while possessing Edgar Reese, shook his hand before the execution but was not able to possess him. Gretta explains that the demon will try to ruin his life and warns him of Azazel's inevitable victory. Azazel visits Hobbes at his precinct, possesses his friend Lou, and taunts him. Azazel moves from person to person, singing "Time Is on My Side" after each transfer. Hobbes asks Lou and several others why they were singing the song, but they have no recollection. Hobbes runs outside and calls out to Azazel in Aramaic. The demon, now moving among people in the street, praises Hobbes for his cleverness. Hobbes says that he knows of Azazel's true identity; the demon threatens him and disappears.

To provoke Hobbes, Azazel possesses his nephew Sam and attacks John's intellectually disabled brother Art in their home. He again flees into other people on the street, ending up in a schoolteacher. As the teacher, Azazel draws a gun and forces Hobbes to shoot his host in front of a group of bystanders. Azazel boasts that if his current host is killed, he can transfer to another host in the surrounding area without needing to touch them.

Lieutenant Stanton informs Hobbes that his fingerprints were found at one of the murder scenes, and in light of the bizarre circumstances of the shooting of the teacher, he has become a suspect for all the murders. Azazel inhabits several of the witnesses and gives false accounts that the shooting was unprovoked, throwing further suspicion on Hobbes. Azazel comes into Hobbes' home and murders his brother, while marking Sam. Hobbes takes his nephew to Gretta's house. Gretta explains that, if forced out of a host body, Azazel can only travel for as long as one breath can sustain him, after which he will die.

Hobbes goes to the Milano cabin and calls Jonesy, knowing he will trace the call. Stanton and Jonesy arrive to arrest Hobbes; however, Jonesy kills Stanton, revealing himself to be possessed. Azazel prepares to shoot himself, which will allow him to possess Hobbes, the only other person for miles around. Hobbes wrestles Jonesy for his gun, and Jonesy is fatally wounded. Hobbes smokes cigarettes which he explains have been laced with the same poison Azazel used to kill his brother, which will leave Azazel stranded in the wilderness without a host. Hobbes taunts him and kills Jonesy. Azazel possesses Hobbes, frantically attempts to flee, and succumbs to the poison. Azazel, in voice over, mocks the audience for believing that he has lost, and a possessed cat emerges from beneath the cabin and heads back to civilization. The Rolling Stones' "Sympathy for the Devil" plays over the closing credits.

Cast

Release
Fallen was released in 2,448 cinemas on 16 January 1998. It landed at #3 at the box office and made $10.4 million in its opening weekend. In its second weekend, it made $4.9 million. After being in cinemas for four weeks, the film made $23.3 million in the US and $981,200 internationally for a total of $25.2 million.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes Fallen has an approval rating of 40% based on reviews from 57 critics. The site's consensus reads: "Has an interesting premise. Unfortunately it's just a recycling of old materials, and not all that thrilling." Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "A stylish if seriously far-fetched nightmare", but Variety wrote that "Washington has the almost impossible task of holding together a convoluted picture that's only intermittently suspenseful and not very engaging emotionally or intellectually". Roger Ebert gave the film a mixed review, writing "the idea is better than the execution, and by the end, the surprises become too mechanical and inevitable." The Chicago Reader praised Washington's performance, but referring to the film's continual use of The Rolling Stones song "Time Is on My Side", wrote "The first half of this movie holds some promise, but time is not on its side."

Ryan Parker from The Hollywood Reporter said: "Although it was not a box office success, the film ... has gone on to become a beloved cult classic."

References

External links

1998 films
1998 crime thriller films
1998 horror films
1990s English-language films
1990s serial killer films
1990s supernatural thriller films
American crime thriller films
American police detective films
American serial killer films
American supernatural thriller films
Atlas Entertainment films
Demons in film
Fiction with unreliable narrators
Fictional portrayals of the Philadelphia Police Department
Films about spirit possession
Films directed by Gregory Hoblit
Films produced by Dawn Steel
Films produced by Charles Roven
Films scored by Tan Dun
Films set in Philadelphia
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in New Jersey
Films shot in Philadelphia
Religious horror films
Warner Bros. films
1990s American films

Fallen (1998 film)


Dudelange-Usines railway station (, , ) is a railway station serving the south of Dudelange, in southern Luxembourg.  It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.

The station is situated on Line 60, which connects Luxembourg City to the Red Lands of the south of the country.  It is the fourth station on the branch to the French town of Volmerange-les-Mines.  Dudelange-Centre is one of four railway stations in the city.

External links
 Official CFL page on Dudelange-Usines station
 Rail.lu page on Dudelange-Usines station

Usines railway station
Railway stations on CFL Line 60

Dudelange-Usines railway station


Nancy Drew is a fictional character. She is the main character in a series of chapter books called Nancy Drew Mystery Stories. Her books were written in the 1930s by Edward Stratemeyer, founder of the Stratemeyer Syndicate. The first writings in The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories were written by Mildred A. Wirt Benson, and changed by Harriet Adams, Edward's daughter. Nancy Drew's birth year is 1914 and she is 18 years old in the books.

Nancy Drew lives in the fictional River Heights with her father, Carson Drew. Their housekeeper, Hannah Gruen, has acted like a mother to Nancy, ever since Nancy's mother died when she was three years old. Nancy has a few close friends that appear in the book series and some of them in the computer games. When the book series first begins, Nancy's best friend is Helen Corning, who is a few years older than Nancy. A few books later, some new friends are introduced. Nancy's two best friends in the later books are Bess Marvin and George Fayne, the latter two being cousins. Ned Nickerson, Nancy's boyfriend, first appears in the book, The Clue in the Diary. Bess, George, and Ned all appear in the computer games and Helen Corning is never mentioned.

The Book Series
The books were originally written in the 1930s. Through the years, the books have been changed slightly. There are currently 54 books documenting the teen's fictional mysteries.
Secret of the Old Clock (1930)
Hidden Staircase (1930)
Bungalow Mystery (1930)
Mystery at Lilac Inn, the (1930)
Secret of Shadow Ranch, the (1931)
Secret of Red Gate Farm, the (1931)
Nancy's Mysterious Letter (1932)
Clue in the Diary, the (1932)
Sign of the Twisted Candles, the (1933)
Password to Larkspur Lane, the (1933)
Clue of the Broken Locket, the (1934)
Message in the Hollow Oak, the (1935)
Mystery of the Ivory Charm, the (1936)
Whispering Statue, the (1937)
Haunted Bridge, the (1937)
Clue of the Tapping Heels, the (1939)
Mystery of the Brass-Bound Trunk (1940)
Mystery at the Moss-Covered Mansion, the (1941)
Quest of the Missing Map, the (1942)
Clue in the Jewel Box, the (1943)
Secret in the Old Attic, the (1944)
Clue in the Crumbling Wall, the (1945)
Mystery of the Tolling Bell, the (1946)
Clue in the Old Album, the (1947)
Ghost of Blackwood Hall, the (1948)
Clue of the Leaning Chimney, the (1949)
Secret of the Wooden Lady, the (1950)
Clue of the Black Keys, the (1951)
Mystery at the Ski Jump, the (1952)
Clue of the Velvet Mask, the (1953)
Ringmaster's Secret, the (1953)
Scarlet Slipper Mystery, the (1954)
Witch Tree Symbol, the (1955)
Hidden Window Mystery, the (1956)
Haunted Showboat, the (1957)
Secret of the Golden Pavilion, the (1959)
Clue in the Old Stagecoach, the (1960)
Mystery of the Fire Dragon, the (1961)
Clue of the Dancing Puppet, the (1962)
Moonstone Castle Mystery, the (1963)
Clue of the Whistling Bagpipes, the (1964)
Phantom of Pine Hill, the (1965)
Mystery of the 99 Steps, the (1966)
Clue in the Crossword Cipher, the (1967)
Spider Sapphire Mystery, the (1968)
Invisible Intruder, the (1969)
Mysterious Mannequin, the (1970)
Crooked Bannister, the (1971)
Secret of Mirror Bay, the (1972)
Double Jinx Mystery, the (1973)
Mystery of the Glowing Eye, the (1974)
Secret of the Forgotten City, the (1975)
Phantom of Venice, the (1975)
Sky Phantom, the (1976)
Strange Message in the Parchment, the (1977)
Mystery of Crocodile Island (1978)
Thirteenth Pearl, the (1979)

Nancy Drew Games
These are the Nancy Drew Games that were made by Her Interactive. The games are rated "E" (Everyone) by the ESRB.

Secrets Can Kill (1998)
Stay Tuned for Danger (1999)
Message in a Haunted Mansion (2000)
Treasure in the Royal Tower (2001)
The Final Scene (2001)
Secret of the Scarlet Hand (2002)
Ghost Dogs of Moon Lake (2002)
The Haunted Carousel (2003)
Danger on Deception Island (2003)The Secret of Shadow Ranch (2004)Curse of Blackmoor Manor (2004)Secret of the Old Clock (2005)Last Train to Blue Moon Canyon (2005)Danger By Design (2006)The Creature of Kapu Cave (2006)White Wolf of Icicle Creek (2007)Legend of the Crystal Skull (2007)The Phantom of Venice (2008)The Haunting of Castle Malloy (2008)Ransom of the Seven Ships (2009)Warnings at Waverly Academy (2009)Trail of the Twister (2010)Shadow at the Water's Edge (2010)Secrets Can Kill (Remastered) (2010)The Captive Curse (2011)Alibi In Ashes (2011)Tomb of the Lost Queen (2012)The Deadly Device (2012)The Ghost of Thornton Hall (2013)The Silent Spy (2013)The Shattered Medallion (2014)Labyrinth of Lies (2014)Sea of Darkness (2015)Midnight in Salem (Spring 2019, tentatively)

Film and Television Versions
There have been various film and television versions made about Nancy Drew.

In June 2007, Nancy Drew was released.  It was rated PG and starred Emma Roberts as Nancy Drew and Nick Palatas as Nancy's brother Greg Drew.
In 2002, Nancy Drew was released as a made-for-TV movie.  It starred Maggie Lawson as Drew.
In 1996, a TV series titled Nancy Drew came out.  It was made in France and ran for 13 episodes.
From 1977 to 1979, the television series The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries'' ran. For season one and part of season two, Nancy Drew was played by Pamela Sue Martin and, for the other part of season two, by Janet Louise Johnson.

Other websites
Her Interactive  - Official site of the one who makes the computer games
Internet Book List  - List of published Nancy Drew Mystery Stories

Characters in written fiction
Series of books
American children's books

Nancy Drew


A municipally owned corporation is a corporation owned by a municipality. They are typically "organisations with independent corporate status, managed by an executive board appointed primarily by local government officials, and with majority public ownership." Some municipally owned corporations rely on revenue from user fees, distinguishing them from agencies and special districts funded through taxation. Municipally owned corporations may also differ from local bureaucracies in funding, transaction costs, financial scrutiny, labour rights, permission to operate outside their jurisdiction, and, under some circumstances, in rights to make profits and risk of bankruptcy.

The causes and effects of municipally owned corporations are posited to be different from those of state-owned enterprises. Corporatization may be more utilised locally rather than nationally allowing more hybrid or flexible forms of public service delivery such as public-private partnerships and inter-municipal cooperation. It also allows charging user fees. Effects can be different because of lower regulator expertise, lower contracting capacity for municipalities, and the higher presence of scale economies. Current research shows that municipally owned corporations are frequently more efficient than bureaucracy but have higher failure rates because of their legal and managerial autonomy. An additional problem is the fact that municipally owned corporations often have more than one municipal owner, and conflict between municipal owners can lead to reduced output for the municipally owned corporation due to various negative spillovers.

Background
Under New Public Management, corporatization became prominent as a step towards (partial) privatization. It soon became an end in itself, aiming to combine government control with efficient, businesslike service delivery that was considered lacking in bureaucratic service delivery. The state-owned enterprises that resulted were to be organized akin to private corporations, with the difference that the company's shares remain state ownership are not traded on the stock market.

This also became a trend at the local level. Municipal corporation followed a process of externalization that required new skills and orientations from the respective local governments, and followed common changes in the institutional landscape of public services. There was a substantial growth in the number of municipally owned corporations in the 1990s and 2000s throughout Europe and the United States.

Reasons and effects
Municipal corporatization can be used to improve efficiency of public service delivery (with mixed successes) or as a step towards (partial) privatization or hybridization. Its reasons and effects are somewhat similar as those of corporatization.

(Potentially) improving efficiency
A key purpose of corporatization is externalization. Such externalization gives the service delivery organization legal and managerial autonomy from politicians, which could potentially increase efficiency, because it safeguards the firm from political exploitation. However, it can also fail to bring efficiency (or cause inefficiency), because this autonomy also reduces the government's ability to monitor its management. Whether corporatization is beneficial may depend on the nature of the service that is corporatized, where autonomy may be less beneficial for more politicized and complex services. At the local level there may also be higher transaction costs, because contracting capacity may be lower.

Step towards privatization or hybridization
Once a service has been corporatised, it is often relatively easy to (partially) privatise it by selling some or all of the company's shares via the stock market. Thus corporatisation can be a stop on the way towards (partial) privatization. Corporatization also can be a step towards the creation of hybrid forms of organization, such as institutional private-partnerships or inter-municipal service organizations, which are especially relevant at the local level because of opportunities to capture scale economies.

Alleviating fiscal stress
Municipal corporations tend to be established by local governments experiencing some degree of fiscal stress. Corporatization was a way to allow local governments to "hide their liabilities by allocating them partly to their companies" or "corporatized their utilities (…) to raise new sources of income from their companies."

Problems with multiple ownership
The frequent ownership of municipally owned corporations by multiple municipalities can cause problems, the so-called multiple principal problem, that can lead these to be inefficient, inequitable, or unaccountable  or have high failure rates. There can be free-riding or duplication in steering and monitoring procedures, resulting in high costs. If there is heterogeneity in interests between the multiple municipalities, there may be directive ambiguity or lobbying of the corporations by individual municipalities, leading to high inefficiency and low accountability. Delegating governance to one elected party may be a way to solve this problem.

Usage
Municipal corporatization is more prominent for some services than for others. It is typically prominent in:
Water management
Bus services
Refuse collection
Economy & Housing
Social Affairs & Employment
Education & Culture

See also
Corporatization
New Public Management

References

Capitalism
Companies by type
Corporations by type
Government corporations
Public administration
Public economics
Types of business entity
Urban planning

Municipally owned corporation


The women's 52 kg competition in judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 7 August at the Carioca Arena 2.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver.  Judo events awarded two bronze medals.  Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).

The medals for the competition were presented by Thomas Bach, Germany, president of the International Olympic Committee and the gifts were presented by Marius Vizer, president of the International Judo Federation.

A controversy emerged that Joud Fahmy from Saudi Arabia gave up of her first round fight to avoid facing Israeli Gili Cohen. The Saudi Olympic team dismissed the controversy and tweeted that Fahmy had sustained injuries to her arm and leg during training and was advised by medical staff not to compete.

Results

Finals
{{Round4
|team-width=200
|score-width=30

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Repechages

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

References

External links

W52
Judo at the Summer Olympics Women's Half Lightweight
Women's events at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympics W52

Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 52 kg


() is an Irish soap opera produced for the Irish-language television channel TG4. The series is set in a fictional village called Ros na Rún, located near to An Spidéal, and focuses on the domestic and professional lives of its residents.

Ros na Rún has been praised for its tackling of realistic and socially challenging storylines, which got it dubbed "the Wild West". It has dealt with many different storylines, including domestic violence, infidelity, theft, arson, abortion, homosexuality, adoption, murder, rape, drugs, teen pregnancy and paedophilia.

Background
Ros na Rún was originally devised by RTÉ producers Con Bushe and Antoine Ó Flatharta in response to the upcoming centenary of the Gaelic League, with the network deciding upon an Irish language drama as a contribution towards the commemoration of the event. The show originally transmitted on RTÉ One in 1992 as a pilot series of twelve minute episodes, though was subsequently discontinued. Ros na Rún was later revived as an expanded production for the network launch of Teilifís na Gaeilge (now TG4), first airing on the night of 3 November 1996. The episode filmed scenes in Galway, Dublin and London. The title plays on the double meaning of the Irish word rún, which has a basic meaning of 'secret' but also has a long history as a term of endearment, similar to "honey", "sweetheart", or "darling". Ros can mean either "a wood or wooded headland" or "a headland or promontory", so the title can mean either "Wood/Headland of the Secrets" or "Wood/Headland of the Sweethearts".

Characters

Storylines
The show begins following the death of Old Jack Padráig, presumed to not have left behind a will. His niece Rita O'Connor prepares to move her family from Dublin into her uncle's home in Ros na Rún only to find that her cousin Jack Hayes is already occupying the property, leading to a family dispute over its inheritance. Surrounding the circumstances of Old Jack's death is seedy local publican Tadhg Ó Direáin, who Rita recalls being raped by on the night of her hen party seventeen years ago. Rita's son Jason is devastated when he learns that Tadhg is his biological father, though the two later establish a relationship. Other early storylines include the O'Connor family struggling to settle into their new lives in Ros na Rún, along with the closure of the Mil Rí Chocolate Factory's effect on the local job economy. Robbie Lynch deals with grief over the accidental death of his sister Yvonne, while Jack and his partner Tom Doherty face scrutiny as a gay couple as they attempt to start a local business and care for Tom's infant nephew. An affair between Tom and veterinarian Owen Collins leads to the first on-screen gay kiss broadcast on TV in Ireland, which made headlines across the country. Berni Ní Neachtain marries her sweetheart Liam Ó Conghaile under dubious circumstances, but their marriage dissolves over Liam's immaturity and her own reputation after her brother Andy attempts to rob Liam's parents Peadar and Máire at gunpoint. Upon Liam's departure, Berni learns that she is pregnant and struggles with becoming a single parent and postpartum depression after the birth of her son Evan. The town mourns the sudden death of Tadhg's infant daughter, but he later discovers that the child was conceived through an affair between his wife Angela and employee Micheál Seoighe.

During the 2000s, Tadhg attempts revenge on Micheál by sabotaging his petrol pumps, but the act inadvertently kills Robbie and Seán Brennan and starts a chain of events that leads to Tadhg being forced to temporarily part with his share in the pub. The machinations of drug lord Jim O'Dowd destroys the lives of his wife Ríona De Búrca, her brother Donnacha, and his blackmailed associate Daniel McLoughlin. Micheál is incarcerated after he assists his cancer-stricken wife Pauline with euthanasia, but is later released with O'Dowd's assistance. Following the death of her adopted father, local teenager Mo Gilmartin struggles to accept that Sergeant Úna Ní Riain is her birth mother. The mental deterioration of Berni's fiancé Dr. Cathal Hennessy leads to his attempt to kill her in a murder-suicide, but she is rescued when Cathal is thwarted and killed by Evan. Tadhg is visited by his illegitimate son Eoin, possessing a vendetta that culminates into Eoin locking Tadhg inside a coffin and setting it ablaze. The show pays tribute to the character of series original Séamus Ó Catháin following the passing of actor Diarmuid Mac An Adhastair.

Following the show's 20th season, Andy returns to the series attempting to extort money by kidnapping Tadhg and Francis's daughter Áine for ransom and nearly strangles his estranged wife Bobbi-Lee to death, but is later acquitted by jury over lack of evidence. A major conflict between sisters Katy and Dee Daly begins when Dee discovers that her husband Mack Ó Riain is unwittingly the biological father of Katy's child, occurring from a one-night stand that happened prior to their marriage. Dee takes desperate measures to hide the truth from Mack including becoming pregnant herself and undermining Katy's sanity, with the storyline intended to highlight the effects of gaslighting upon its victims. When Mack discovers Dee's deceit, she spites him by abducting their daughter and flees the country for over a year before returning to make amends. Burdened with guilt for her responsibility in Francis's accidental death, Mo confesses her complicity to Tadhg and quietly departs Ros na Rún. Berni begins a relationship with Evan's former teammate Briain McDonagh that ends over his manipulations and a sexual assault resulting in her pregnancy. Andy retaliates on his sister's behalf by forcing Briain to leave town, though Briain later returns to abduct his daughter and is ultimately killed at gunpoint by corrupt Garda Diana Ní Cheallaigh. Mack attempts to move on to a new relationship with Sonia Ní Dhubhghaill, but ruins it over his infidelity and continued drug use. When Sonia witnesses Diana conducting business with a drug dealer, Diana attempts to silence her by pushing her from a roof, leaving Sonia in a comatose state. Diana proceeds to cover her involvement by manipulating the evidence to frame Mack as Sonia's attacker.

Na Rúin
On 13 September 2011, TG4 launched a ten-part online spinoff series, titled Na Rúin (The Secrets). The miniseries took on the theme of mystery, when 16-year-old Ciara goes missing. Lorcán finds himself in the frame for her murder, despite his protests of his innocence. The viewer had to read the blogs of Rachel, her roommate and Lorcán, as well as watch video diaries detailing the thoughts of each character about the disappearance to solve the mystery.

Satire
In 2005, John Finn, Kathryn Morris and Jeremy Ratchford from Cold Case appeared in a satirical promo for both Cold Case and Ros na Rún for TG4. The commercial won a gold medal in the "Best Drama Promos" category of the 2007 Sharks International Advertising Awards Festival of Ireland (Sharks Awards). The promotion features both John Finn and Kathryn Morris in character interrogating a murder suspect from TG4 soap Ros na Rún played by Peadar Cox who refuses to speak in English, both detectives then begin talking in Irish much to the surprise of Jeremy Ratchford's character, the promo tied in with a murder investigation in Ros na Rún. TG4 also ran a similar promo for Nip/Tuck, where Séamus is seen cycling through the country side supporting a brand new pair of breasts.

References

External links

1996 Irish television series debuts
1990s Irish television series
2000s Irish television series
2010s Irish television series
2020s Irish television series
Irish-language television shows
Irish television soap operas
TG4 original programming

Ros na Rún


Project Highrise is a 2D tower-building simulation game, developed by SomaSim and published by Kasedo Games. It is considered by many to be the spiritual successor to SimTower. In the game, players take on the role of a high-rise manager who is responsible for building and maintaining a tower block, filling it with offices, apartments, shops and restaurants, which they support with utilities, while providing specialized services and fulfilling certain conditions in order to keep the residents and tenants of the building satisfied.

The game was released worldwide on September 8, 2016, through online digital distribution platforms, primarily Steam and GOG.com, and has received generally positive reviews. The game has spawned five DLC packs, which provided additional gameplay features and content.

Reception

The game was fairly well received on release garnering a 7 out of 10 review score from IGN, and an 8 out of 10 from IGN Germany. IGN praised Project Highrise for being able to quickly and easily craft a smooth, self-sufficient system from the ground up thanks to a welcoming and fast-paced simplicity, and Rock, Paper, Shotgun called the ability for the player to easily understand what was going on, despite the deep levels of complexity, the game's biggest achievement.

Despite the praise, Project Highrise was also criticized for its lack of personality due to its artistic style and color palette. The way each room looked was thought to be too similar and as such, larger skyscrapers could look monotonous.

Project Highrise has a score of 73/100 on Metacritic.

References

Further reading

External links

2016 video games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
MacOS games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
Simulation video games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Xbox One games
Kasedo Games games

Project Highrise


Hipatia Cárdenas de Bustamante (also known by her pseudonym Aspacia) (1889–1972) was an Ecuadorian writer, politician, suffragist, and feminist.

Biography
Cárdenas was born in Quito on March 23, 1889 to politician and legal expert Alejandro Cárdenas and to Ana Navarro Nájera.

Together with Zoila Ugarte de Landívar (1864-1969), Cárdenas was one of the pioneers fighting for women's suffrage in Ecuador.  In 1929, she became the first female state councilor, and in 1932, she was the first female presidential candidate.

She fought for the continued right for women's suffrage after controversy following the establishment of women's suffrage in 1929.  In 1943, she published Gold, red and blue'''; she also worked for El Día, El Comercio, and the magazine América''.

Cárdenas died in Quito on February 9, 1972.

References

External links

1889 births
1972 deaths
20th-century Ecuadorian poets
Ecuadorian women in politics
Ecuadorian suffragists
Ecuadorian women activists
20th-century Ecuadorian women writers
20th-century Ecuadorian writers
Ecuadorian women poets
20th-century Ecuadorian women politicians
20th-century Ecuadorian politicians
People from Quito

Hipatia Cárdenas de Bustamante


Oak Lawn or Oaklawn is a historical village in southwest Cranston, Rhode Island. Prior to being named "Oak Lawn" in 1872 the area was known as "Searle's Corner".  The Edward Searle House, built in 1677, and one of the oldest standing structures in Rhode Island, is located in Oak Lawn. The village is known for its annual May Breakfast, a New England tradition that began in Oak Lawn in 1865  as a way for the members of the Oak Lawn Baptist Church to raise money for local American Civil War veterans. The 1855 Herman Melville novel "Israel Potter" is based on the life and adventures of an American Revolutionary soldier who was raised on a farm near present-day Oak Lawn. Oak Lawn is also the site of an important archeological excavation: in the 1950s archeologists discovered bowls and other Native American artifacts, carved from soapstone and dating back more than 10,000 years. In the pre-colonial era the area was populated with bands of the Narragansett Indians known as the "Meshanticut" and "Natick" Indians.

Much of the village was designated a historic district by the city of Cranston, and a section of the village, extending along Wilbur Avenue from Natick Road to Exchange Street, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 as the Oak Lawn Historic District.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence County, Rhode Island

References

External links
Oaklawn history from City of Cranston website

Historic districts in Providence County, Rhode Island
Villages in Providence County, Rhode Island
Villages in Rhode Island
Cranston, Rhode Island
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence County, Rhode Island

Oaklawn, Rhode Island


Susan Silvey (born 17 September 1956), known professionally as Susie Silvey or sometimes Suzie Silvey, is an English actress, dancer and model. She was active in the 1970s and 1980s. Silvey was born in London.

She also appeared in the movies Come Play with Me (1977), The Playbirds (1978), The Stud (1978), The World Is Full of Married Men (1979), Xtro (1983), Fanny Hill (1983), Blue Ice (1992), Shining Through (1992) and Splitting Heirs (1993).

She also guest starred in television series Never the Twain and Howards' Way.

Silvey also appeared in music videos for Paul McCartney, the Cure and the Joe Cocker video for 'Civilized Man' (1984).

References

Other websites

1956 births
English television actors
English dancers
English movie actors
Actors from London
Models from London
Living people

Susie Silvey


Rüdiger Emshoff (born April 5, 1960 in Mülheim an der Ruhr) is a German oral and maxillofacial surgeon and associate professor at the Medical University of Innsbruck, where he is head of the Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorder Unit. Emshoff is known for his work in the field of chronic orofacial pain management with a focus on the development of non-invasive and minimally-invasive methods in the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Early life and education
Emshoff is the son of Horst Werner and Gisela Sophie-Luise Emshoff of Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. Rüdiger Emshoff studied medicine, philosophy and dentistry at the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf and at the Semmelweis-Universität in Budapest. He earned a medical doctorate from the University of Düsseldorf in Germany in 1987. In 1990 he received a dental doctorate from the Semmelweis University in Budapest. Emshoff completed his residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery (1991–1998) at the Medical University of Innsbruck. He is board certified in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Scientific career

In 2001, Emshoff became an associate professor in oral and maxillofacial surgery at the Medical University of Innsbruck. Since 2001 Emshoff has been a consultant at the University Hospital for Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery at the Medical University of Innsbruck. Since 1998 he has been the head of the Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorder Unit.

Personal and family
In 2002, Rüdiger Emshoff married to the doctor Iris Emshoff and has three children with her (Sophia, Ida Marie Gunilla, and Niels Ingmar Rüdiger). Together, the family lives in Innsbruck.

Clinical research contributions

His clinical research focused on the development of rehabilitation methods of treating chronic facial pain. Also he did research on non-invasive imaging techniques to detect internal derangments and degenerative diseases of the temporomandibular joint.

In 1997, he introduced ultrasonography as a new temporomandibular joint imaging modality, a technique which in the following decade has become one of the most recommended methods because of its noninvasiveness, inexpensiveness, and ability to evaluate the integrity of the temporomandibular joint.

In the early 2000s, he pioneered the application of minimally-invasive temporomandibular joint surgery which has become a standard treatment for certain types of chronic temporomandibular disorder pain.

Since the 2000s, Emshoff and his team have been working on a concept for integrating internal derangements and osteoarthrosis in the diagnostic approach to patients with temporomandibular joint pain. In 2003, Emshoff and colleagues were the first to demonstrate that concomitant morphological abnormalities of disc displacement and osteoarthrosis are not important factors in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. This saves the patient from undergoing invasive arthroplastic procedures.

In 2008, Emshoff and coworkers conducted the first human clinical trial of a red low-level laser therapy for temporomandibular joint pain, a rehabilitation method which is currently being used worldwide.

Further, in 2011, he developed a conceptual model for the identification of clinically relevant effects in the field of chronic temporomandibular pain. In the following years, this model has been widely accepted to be used in randomised clinical trials designed to show improved efficacy in chronic pain patients.

Selected publications
His most cited peer-reviewed journal articles are:

 R. Gassner R, Bösch R, Tuli T, Emshoff R. Prevalence of dental trauma in 6000 patients with facial injuries: implications for prevention. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1999 Jan 1;87(1):27-33. (cited 259 times, according to Google Scholar).
Emshoff R, Bösch R, Pümpel E, Schöning H, Strobl H. Low-level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint pain: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2008 Apr 1;105(4):452-6. (cited 174 times, according to Google Scholar ).
Bertram S, Rudisch A, Innerhofer K, Pümpel E, Grubwieser G, Emshoff R. Diagnosing TMJ internal derangement and osteoarthritis with magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2001 Jun 1;132(6):753-61 (cited 155 times, according to Google Scholar ).
 Strobl H, Emshoff R, Röthler G. Conservative treatment of unilateral condylar fractures in children: a long‐term clinical and radiologic follow‐up of 55 patients. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1999 Apr;28(2):95-8 (cited 127 times, according to Google Scholar ).
Emshoff R, Bertram S, Rudisch A, Gassner R. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography to determine the temporomandibular joint disk position. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1997 Dec 1;84(6):688-96.   (cited 119 times, according to Google Scholar ).

Memberships in scientific organisations
He is a member of various professional organizations, including:

New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS), since 2007.
Philosophy of Science Association (PSA), since 2007.
Society for Clinical Trials (SCT), since 2007.
American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP), since 2012.
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), since 2018.
American Academy of Craniofacial Pain (AACFP), since 2021.

Journal editorial positions
He has been a member of the editorial board of the journal Case Reports in Medicine, since 2008, Pain and Therapy, since 2018, and Diagnostics, since 2021.

Honors and awards

 Hochschulpreis Endodontologie (Fachzeitschrift Endodontie) (2005).
Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender (De Gruyter) (2005, 2007, 2009, 2012–2022).

References

External links

 Publications in US National Library of Medicine

21st-century German physicians
German maxillofacial surgeons
Living people
1960 births

Rüdiger Emshoff


Danny Jacobs is an American actor and voice actor. He made his voice acting debut in 1999 with an uncredited role in Full Blast. He began his role of King Julien (originally voiced by Sacha Baron Cohen) in The Penguins of Madagascar (2008–2015) and had reprised his role in the Christmas special Merry Madagascar (2009), the Valentine's Day short Madly Madagascar (2013) and All Hail King Julien (2014–2017). He also impersonated Cohen's character Borat Sagdiyev (as well as a cameo appearance as a Pirate with an Eye Patch) in Epic Movie (2007).

Besides King Julien, his voice work includes the role of Rowdy Remington in Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil (2010–2012), Victor Zsasz in Batman: Arkham Asylum (2009) and Batman: Arkham City (2011), Special Agent Porter in Justice League: Doom (2012), Snake / Snakeweed in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012), Grifter / Captain Cold in Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (2013), Baron Mordo in Ultimate Spider-Man vs. The Sinister 6 (2016) and Heinrich Zemo in Avengers: Ultron Revolution (2016).

Early life and career
Jacobs is a devout Catholic of Lebanese descent. Growing up, Jacob's originally intended to become an NBA player. Jacobs attended Bishop Gallagher High School in Harper Woods, Michigan where he started to become interested in acting after seeing a production of West Side Story, in which he attended the rehearsals. Jacobs would later act in school productions of Grease and The Wiz. He enrolled in Wayne State University where he was in the community theater and later transferred to the University of Arizona where he majored in musical theater. Jacobs was further inspired by his cousin who appeared on the original Broadway rendition of Les Miserables. He moved to Los Angeles where he initially did commercial voice overs as a side gig to his theatrical work. He started animation voice acting as a walla voice actor alongside James Arnold Taylor and Teresa Ganzel.

On July 13, 2015, Jacobs donated to Kids Kicking Cancer and had entertained some children with his King Julien voice.

Career
In 1993, Jacobs originated the role of Chico Fernández in Jeff Daniels' comedy The Vast Difference at the Purple Rose Theatre.

In 1996–97, he won acting awards in Michigan, Florida and Wisconsin for his portrayal of Aram in Richard Kalinoski's "Beast on the Moon."

In 1999, Jacobs landed an uncredited voice role as Curt in Full Blast. He was also a background voice actor for Futurama. In the same year, he appeared in his first live-action role in Get the Hell Out of Hamtown.

Jacobs served as the Producing artistic director of the Gem & Century Theater from 2000 to 2002.

Jacobs portrayed Borat Sagdiyev and made a cameo appearance as a Pirate with an Eye Patch in Epic Movie (2007). When portraying the role of Borat, Jacobs did an impression of Sacha Baron Cohen.

Jacobs was a substitute for Baron Cohen as the voice of King Julien in The Penguins of Madagascar, again as an impression of Baron Cohen (Jacobs also provided additional voices in the series). In 2011, he won a Daytime Emmy Award for the role. Jacobs reprised his role in Merry Madagascar (2009) and Madly Madagascar (2013). In 2014–2017, he returned to the role in All Hail King Julien. In Penguins of Madagascar (2014), Jacobs once again reprised his role as King Julien. He had also done voice-overs in various commercials.

In addition to the jobs that led to All Hail King Julien, Jacobs had been doing voice-over work for animated television series, including Phineas and Ferb (in which he provided additional voices) and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (in which he voiced Snake / Snakeweed), as well as several video games. He had said that animation, much like the theatre, gives actors a chance to play a wide range of roles. He said, "I can play any character of any ethnicity, any age, even any gender. And that's a freedom the camera doesn't give you. It's an incredibly freeing thing." He also stated that King Julien is his favorite voice role and would gladly reprise his role if ever asked. Jacobs had received more recognition as King Julien than the character's predecessor Baron Cohen. In Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012), Jacobs provided the singing voice of King Julien for the soundtrack.

He had a voice role in Teen Titans Go! as George Washington.

Awards and nominations
Jacobs was nominated for the 2010 Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Television Production for his voice role of King Julien in Merry Madagascar (2009), but lost the award to Tom Kenny.

He won a 2011 Daytime Emmy Award and 2015 Daytime Emmy Award for his voice role of King Julien in The Penguins of Madagascar (2008–2015) and All Hail King Julien (2014–2017).

 2010: Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Television Production – Nominated
 2011: Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program – Won
 2015: Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program – Won

Filmography

Film
 Full Blast as Curt (voice) (uncredited) (1999)
 Get the Hell Out of Hamtown (1999)
 Grounds Zero as Omar (2006)
 The Mikes as Paramedic (2006)
 Epic Movie as Borat Sagdiyev / Pirate with Eye Patch (2007)
 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa as Tourist with New York T-shirt (voice) (2008)
 Batman: Year One as Arnold John Flass' Attorney (voice) (2011)
 Justice League: Doom as Special Agent Porter (voice) (2012)
 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted as King Julien XIII (singing voice in soundtrack only) / Croupier / Circus Master (voice) (2012)
 Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox as Grifter / Captain Cold (2013)
 Penguins of Madagascar as King Julien XIII (voice) (2014)

Television
 Olive, the Other Reindeer (voice) (1999)
 Futurama as Additional Voices (voice) (uncredited) (1999)
 Mad Men as Yoram Ben Shulhai (1 episode) (2007)
 The Penguins of Madagascar as King Julien XIII / Roy / Hornets / Additional Voices (2008–2015)
 Phineas and Ferb as Additional Voices (voice) (2009–2013)
 Merry Madagascar as King Julien XIII (voice) (2009)
 Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil as Rowdy Remington (voice) (2010–2012)
 Ben 10: Ultimate Alien as Captain / Police Dispatch / Dr. Pervis (voice) (2012)
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles as Snake / Snakeweed (voice) (2012)
 Madly Madagascar as King Julien XIII (voice) (2013)
 Teen Titans Go! as George Washington (voice) (2014)
 All Hail King Julien as King Julien XIII / Pancho (voice) (2014–2017)
 Miles from Tomorrowland as Admiral Watson / Additional Voices (voice) (2015)
 Pig Goat Banana Cricket as Barbershop Quartet / Cuddles, Jr. / Lasagna / Townperson #2 (voice) (2015)
 Ultimate Spider-Man vs. The Sinister 6 as Baron Mordo / Additional Voices (voice) (2016)
 Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures as Raam / Yeppau (voice) (2016)
 Avengers: Ultron Revolution as Heinrich Zemo (voice) (2016)
 Transformers: Robots in Disguise as Brother Gunter (voice) (2016)
Apple & Onion as Hoagie (voice) (2018)
Blood of Zeus as King Periander / King Acrisius (voice) (2020)
Animaniacs as Starbox (voice) (2020)

Video games
 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa as King Julien XIII (voice) (2008)
 Batman: Arkham Asylum as Victor Zsasz / Frank Boles / Masked Guard #1 / Robert Sterling (voice) (2009)
 Madagascar Kartz as King Julien XIII (voice) (2009)
 The Godfather 2 as Hyman Roth (voice) (2009)
 White Knight Chronicles as additional voices (voice) (2010)
 White Knight Chronicles 2 as Nanazel (voice) (2010)
 Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet as Annihilus Bugs (voice) (2010)
 The Penguins of Madagascar: Dr. Blowhole Returns – Again! as King Julien XIII (voice) (2011)
 Batman: Arkham City as Victor Zsasz (voice) (2011)
 DreamWorks Super Star Kartz as King Julien XIII (voice) (2011)
 Madagascar 3: The Video Game as King Julien XIII and Stefano (voice) (2012)
 Skylanders series as Swarm and additional Voices (voice) (2015)
 Avengers as Hank Pym (2020)

Discography
 "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)," performing as King Julien XIII's singing voice (2012)
 "Wannabe," performing as King Julien XIII's singing voice (2012)
 "Hot in Herre", performing as King Julien XIII's singing voice (2012)
 "Afro Circus / I Like to Move It," performing as King Julien XIII's singing voice, along with Marty (Chris Rock) (2012)
 All songs featured here are attributed to the soundtrack of Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted

References

External links

Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American male actors
American people of Lebanese descent
American Catholics
Middle Eastern Christians

Danny Jacobs (actor)