Bear's Retreat is a small Pennsylvania landmark, primarily known for its age.

It is a privately owned house dating back to c. 1794, being lived in as of 2011.  The southern log side was built by Jacob Bare in 1794.  It is believed he was a German immigrant based on the three-story construction of the log section. Despite plenty of room to build his home, large, heavy, hand-hewn logs were raised higher and higher into place in the traditional building custom of his homeland.  The Northern "new addition" brick side built in 1840.  The red-brick exterior was made on-site using the abundant clay found on the property.  Remains of the outdoor summer kitchen are still clearly present.  The property was designated a Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark in 1983.
Bear's Retreat is at 253 Inglefield Drive, Pleasant Hills, Pennsylvania.

External links
 Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation's Historic Landmarks Plaques, page 12, designated 1983

Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
Houses in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
1790s establishments in Pennsylvania

Bear's Retreat


The Lehigh and New England Railroad  was a Class I railroad located in Northeastern United States that acted as a bridge line. It was the second notable U.S. railroad to file for abandonment in its entirety after the New York, Ontario and Western Railway. It was headquartered in Philadelphia.

History

South Mountain and Boston and successors: 1873-1882

Around 1868, serious proposals for the crossing of the Hudson River at Poughkeepsie began to appear. A charter for the Poughkeepsie Bridge Company was obtained in 1871, and the company was organized before the end of May. The charter was amended to allow placing piers in the river by 1872 (despite fierce opposition from navigation interests), and the company began raising funds. Through the influence of Andrew Carnegie, Pennsylvania Railroad president J. Edgar Thomson was persuaded to invest in the project.

This funding led to a surge of activity. The line was to be carried from Harrisburg to the crossing of the Delaware River at Portland by the South Mountain Railroad. The South Mountain and Boston Railroad was chartered in New Jersey on March 13, 1873, and also in New York to continue the line via Poughkeepsie and Boston Corners to the Massachusetts state line. At the state line, an extension of the planned Massachusetts Central Railroad would connect, taking traffic to Boston. Grading began on the various lines, known as the South Mountain and Boston Railroad, and the cornerstone was laid for a bridge pier at Poughkeepsie. However, the Panic of 1873 and the death of Thomson in May 1874 and loss of his personal support brought the project to a halt.

An attempt at revival was made in 1879. By this time the South Mountain Railroad had collapsed; a new railroad, the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and New England Railroad, was incorporated on May 6, 1879, to follow its route from Harrisburg to South Mountain and the Boston connection in Portland. This company too would be short-lived; the South Mountain and Boston's New Jersey Division was renamed on March 11, 1880, to the Pennsylvania and New England Railroad, and that company's Pennsylvania Division was incorporated on May 5, 1880. The property of the PP&NE was sold to the P&NE (PA Division) on October 13, 1880. This does not improve the fortunes of this segment of the line; a third company, the Delaware and Slatington Railroad, was incorporated on September 9, 1881, to run from the P&NE (NJ Division) at Portland to Slatington on the Lehigh River.  P&NE's New Jersey Division merged with the Delaware and Slatington on June 22, 1882, to form the Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad.

Pennsylvania construction: 1880-1891
In the meantime, the P&NE (PA Division) was successful in laying one and one-sixth mile (2 km) of track to the east of Wind Gap about 1880. However, it was foreclosed on July 25, 1881, and reorganized as the Susquehanna and Delaware River Railroad on August 23, 1881; it was foreclosed again and reorganized on July 13, 1886, as the Harrisburg and New England Railroad was supposedly reorganized as the Harrisburg and Eastern Railroad on July 31, 1891.

Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad: 1882-1887
The Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad was formed June 22, 1882, as a consolidation of the Pennsylvania and New England Railroad (NJ Division) and Delaware and Slatington Railroad, to build from Slatington, Pennsylvania, to Pine Island, New York. In December of that year, John L. Blair, who controlled the nearby Bangor and Portland Railway, acquired control of the PS&NE, in order to give the B&P direct access to New England and other points. Additionally the Central Railroad of New Jersey's Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad could no longer access points on the B&P.

Construction was carried out through 1883, with grading finished in Pennsylvania and about 12 miles west from Sussex, New Jersey. The bridge over the Delaware River at Portland was built, and rails were laid for about half of the length in Pennsylvania. In early 1883, a dispute erupted with the Wind Gap and Delaware Railroad over the tracks between Pen Argyl and Bangor, which the PS&NE wanted to use. Later that year the company went bankrupt and construction stopped.

Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston Railroad: 1887-1895
The Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad was sold at foreclosure to William W. Gibbs, president of the Poughkeepsie Bridge Company, on July 12, 1887, and was reorganized as the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston Railroad, also known as the "Pickles, Pork, and Beans" Line). Construction was begun, but the company again went bankrupt, and was sold at foreclosure December 14, 1894.

Around that time, various other companies were chartered to build the line over the Poughkeepsie Bridge, and in 1889, the Central New England and Western Railroad was completed. That part would be combined with the PS&NE in 1892 by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway, but in 1893 the two parts were split. The eastern section later became part of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, and the western section stayed independent to the end.

The Campbell Hall Connecting Railroad was chartered April 3, 1889, to obtain the right to operate the section in New York. It was originally planned to extend beyond Pine Island to Campbell Hall, the west end of the existing Poughkeepsie Bridge line.

The Philadelphia and Reading Railway gained control of the Central New England and Western Railroad in early 1892, and the PP&B soon after, giving it a route from Reading via the Schuylkill and Lehigh Railroad to Slatington, and then to New England along its new acquisitions. The Reading Company's bankruptcy in 1893 ended this control, and led to the PP&B's bankruptcy.

Lehigh and New England Railroad: 1895-1961

The Lehigh and New England Railroad (L&NE) was organized April 2, 1895, as the successor to the PP&B. The route from Slatington to Pine Island was accomplished but not completed. The L&NE was able to have a route from Slatington to Pine Island even though the route wasn't completed because the L&NE had obtained trackage rights over the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's Sparta Junction to Columbia/Delaware Junction main line between Swartswood Junction (outside of Swartswood) and Hainesburg Junction; this line was built by the New Jersey Midland Railway from Sparta Junction to Blairstown, New Jersey, and by the Blairstown Railway from Blairstown, New Jersey, to Columbia/Delaware Junction and today serves as the Paulinskill Valley Trail. Despite that, a tunnel () was built under the fill for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad's New Jersey Cut-Off (opened 1911) in case the L&NE ever decided to complete its own line.
Additionally, the planned route from Pine Island to Campbell Hall was cancelled, and trackage rights were obtained over the Erie Railroad's Goshen and Deckertown Railroad and Montgomery and Erie Railroad.

The Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad and its leased Wind Gap and Delaware Railroad were operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey until February 1, 1905, when the two companies were merged into the L&NE. Around the same time the L&NE acquired the Northampton Railroad. This gave the L&NE a branch to Bethlehem, with a branch off that one to Martins Creek. Part of the main line between Benders Junction (the crossing of the original L&NE and the L&L) and Pen Argyl was abandoned in 1905, with the new route using the L&L and WG&D.

The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company (LC&N) gained control of the L&NE on May 9, 1904.

A yard at Maybrook, New York, opened in 1912, with L&NE trains terminating there via a section of the Central New England Railway.

On July 24, 1912, a new extension opened, splitting from the main line at Danielsville, Pennsylvania, and running west to Tamaqua to directly serve the LC&N. On December 14, 1913, the L&NE acquired the Panther Creek Railroad, running east from Tamaqua to Summit Hill, and with a connection to the Central Railroad of New Jersey's Hauto Tunnel for access to Nesquehoning obtained in 1915. The Catasauqua Branch, built in part by the Crane Railroad, was completed in 1914.

On June 4, 1926, the Reading Company leased the L&NE, but other railroads objected, and the Interstate Commerce Commission rejected the lease, preferring a lease by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (which was never done).

The LNE Board of Directors decided to end all railroad operations on October 31, 1961. Although the LNE was still profitable, the rapid decline of the anthracite coal business was seen on the horizon and the decision was made to cease operations. By this date the LNE mainline saw only one coal train per week (which usually operated on Thursdays). Trackage was removed by the following year and the bridges over the Lehigh River and Delaware River were dismantled by 1969.

While a never particularly profitable system because it paralleled the Lehigh & Hudson River Railway and did not serve any large markets, the L&NE did have a profitable cement business from its lines around Bath, Pennsylvania; the trackage which served this commodity was taken over and operated by a subsidiary of the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), Lehigh and New England Railway until January 1975 and then by the Lehigh Valley until April 1, 1976, when the trackage was absorbed by Conrail. To railfans, the L&NE is best remembered for its diesel motive power, which consisted almost entirely of models built by Alco, excepting two Whitcomb Center Cab switchers, numbers 601 & 602. Whitcomb

Lehigh and New England Railway: 1961-
The Lehigh and New England Railway was chartered by the Central Railroad of New Jersey to take over some of the lines in Pennsylvania. Included in that sale was the main line east from Tamaqua, the old Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad and Northampton Railroad from Bethlehem to Martins Creek, and the branch from Bethlehem west to Allentown. A short section from Pen Argyl to Wind Gap was taken over by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, connecting to the DL&W's Bangor and Portland Railway at Pen Argyl.

Notes

References

External links
Lehigh & New England Railroad at American Rails
LNE timeline

Defunct New York (state) railroads
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Defunct New Jersey railroads
Former Class I railroads in the United States
Predecessors of the Central Railroad of New Jersey
Railway companies established in 1895
Railway companies disestablished in 1961
1895 establishments in Pennsylvania
1961 disestablishments in Pennsylvania

Lehigh and New England Railroad


Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh (died 1098) was King of Iar Connacht.

Biography

Flaithbertaigh was third or fourth chief of the Muintir Murchada before their expulsion from Uí Briúin Seóla by the Ua Conchobair kings of Connacht. The first to bear the surname was Murchadh an Chapail Ua Flaithbheartaigh, King of Uí Briúin Seóla (died 1036).

He was foster-father to the then King of Connacht, Ruaidrí na Saide Buide, who was in turn godfather to Flaithbertaigh's children. In 1092 he subdued Ruaidri in his own house and had him blinded, making himself king in Ruaidri's place. However, in 1098, possibly after being dethroned, he was killed by the family of Ruaidri.

See also

 Ó Flaithbertaigh

References

 West or H-Iar Connaught Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh, 1684 (published 1846, ed. James Hardiman).
 Origin of the Surname O'Flaherty, Anthony Matthews, Dublin, 1968, p. 40.
 Irish Kings and High-Kings, Francis John Byrne (2001), Dublin: Four Courts Press,
 Annals of Ulster at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
 Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
 Martyn, Adrian, The Tribes of Galway:1124–1642, Galway, 2016.

Nobility from County Galway
1098 deaths
Kings of Connacht
Flaithbertaigh
11th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown

Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh


Roger T. Pratt (born 1944) was a Welsh cyclist from Cardiff, Wales. He began road racing in 1962, winning his first event the following year. In 1965 he rode the Tour of Britain Milk Race for the Britannia team (after one of the French riders dropped out). Drug testing was introduced for the first time in this race and Pratt was tested twice.

Pratt became the Welsh Road Race Champion in 1965. He rode the Tour of Britain Milk Race again in 1966 in the Midlands team of Hugh Porter and Les West and also represented Wales at the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica, riding the Road Race and the Individual Pursuit events.

After 5 years of competition in the UK he retired from competition aged only 23, in 1967. Pratt raced again briefly in 1988 when he became Welsh Veterans Road Race Champion.

References

Living people
Welsh male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Wales
1944 births
Sportspeople from Cardiff

Roger Pratt (cyclist)


St Marylebone Parish Church is an Anglican church on the Marylebone Road in London. It was built to the designs of Thomas Hardwick in 1813–17. The present site is the third used by the parish for its church. The first was further south, near Oxford Street. The church there was demolished in 1400 and a new one erected further north. This was completely rebuilt in 1740–42, and converted into a chapel-of-ease when Hardwick's church was constructed. The Marylebone area takes its name from the church. Located behind the church is St Marylebone School, a Church of England school for girls.

Previous churches

First church
The first church for the parish was built in the vicinity of the present Marble Arch c.1200, and dedicated to St John the Evangelist.

Second church

In 1400 the Bishop of London gave the parishioners permission to demolish the church of St John and build a new one in a more convenient position, near a recently completed chapel, which could be used until the new church was completed. The bishop stipulated that the old churchyard should be preserved, but also gave permission to enclose a new burial ground at the new site,  The church was dedicated to the Virgin Mary.  It was closer to the village, at the north end of Marylebone High Street. Having fallen into a state of decay, it was demolished in 1740.

It was in this church Francis Bacon was married in 1606, and its interior was portrayed by William Hogarth in the marriage scene from his famous series "A Rake's Progress" (1735).  By 1722, its congregation was so large it needed a chapel of ease in the form of the Marybone Chapel, now St Peter, Vere Street.

Third church
A new, smaller, church built on the same site opened in April 1742. It was an oblong brick building with a small bell tower at the west end. The interior had galleries on three sides. Some monuments from the previous church were preserved in the new building. In 1818 it became a chapel-of-ease to the new parish church which superseded it. It was demolished in 1949, and its site, at the northern end of Marylebone High Street is now a public garden.

Charles Wesley lived and worked in the area and sent for the church's rector John Harley and told him "Sir, whatever the world may say of me, I have lived, and I die, a member of the Church of England. I pray you to bury me in your churchyard."  On his death, his body was carried to the church by eight clergymen of the Church of England and a memorial stone to him stands in the gardens in High Street, close to his burial spot. One of his sons, Samuel, was later organist of the present church.

It was also in this building that Lord Byron was baptised in 1788. Admiral Horatio Nelson was a worshipper here and his daughter Horatia was baptised here; Richard Brinsley Sheridan was married to Elizabeth Ann Linley here. This is also the church in which the diplomat Sir William Hamilton married Emma Hart (Amy Lyon), later Nelson's lover. The architect James Gibbs was buried there in 1751. The crypt was the burial place of members of the Bentinck family, including William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (died 1809).

The present church

Original design

Construction of a new church was first considered in 1770, with plans prepared by Sir William Chambers and leadership given by the 3rd and 4th Dukes of Portland (owners of much of the area, by now a wealthy residential area to the west of London that had outgrown the previous church), but the scheme was abandoned and the land donated for it in Paddington Street purchased for a burial ground.

In 1810–11  a site was secured to build a chapel-of-ease on the south side of the new road near Nottingham Place. facing Regent's Park.  Plans were drawn up by Chambers's pupil Thomas Hardwick and the foundation stone was laid on 5 July 1813. When construction was almost complete, it was decided that this new building should serve as the parish church, and so alterations were made to the design. On the north front, towards the new road, a Corinthian portico with eight columns (six columns wide, and two deep at the sides), based on that of the Pantheon in Rome, replaced the intended four-column Ionic portico surmounted by a group of figures. A steeple was built, instead of a planned cupola. No changes were made to the design of the interior, but plans to build houses on part of the site were abandoned.

Entrance to the church from the north is through three doorways beneath the portico, each leading into a vestibule.  There are arched windows above the outer doorways. A blank panel above the central one was intended to house a bas-relief depicting Christ's entry into Jerusalem. Hardwick's church was basically rectangular in plan, with two small extensions behind the entrance front, and two wings placed diagonally flanking the far end (the liturgical east),  which originally housed private galleries equipped with chairs, tables and fireplaces. Two tiers of galleries, supported on iron columns ran around three sides of the church. The organ case was immediately above the altar screen; in the centre of the organ case was an arched opening with a "transparent painting" by Benjamin West, of the angel appearing to the shepherds. Other church furniture included a large pulpit and reading desk and high box pews.

The steeple, placed over the central vestibule, rises around  above the roof  (and thus about  above the ground).  It is in three storeys;the first, square in plan, contains a clock, the second circular in plan, has twelve Corinthian columns supporting an entablature, while the third is in the form of a miniature temple raised on three steps and surrounded by eight caryatids, with arched openings between them. The whole structure is topped by a dome and weathervane.

The vaulted crypt, extending under the whole church, with extensive catacombs under the west side was used for burials until being bricked up in 1853. Since 1987, following the reinterment of the 850 coffins it previously contained at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey, it has housed a healing and counselling centre.

The church was completed in 1817, at an overall cost of £80,000.

A local resident was Charles Dickens (1812–1870), in Devonshire Terrace, whose son was baptised in this church (a ceremony fictionalised in Dombey and Son). Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett were married in this phase of the church in 1846 (their marriage certificate is preserved in the church archives). The church was also used in location filming for the 1957 film recounting their story, The Barretts of Wimpole Street.

Composer Sir John Stainer wrote an oratorio specifically for the choir at St Marylebone; The Crucifixion was first performed in the church on 24 February 1887, which was the day after Ash Wednesday. It has been performed annually at the church ever since, usually on Good Friday.

Later alterations
In 1826, the transparency above the altar was removed, the organ case reduced in size and the private galleries replaced by new ones for pupils of the National School.

In 1882 the energetic new rector, the Revd. W. Barker led the parish council to extensively  redevelop the church, to (in Barker's words) "bring it more into harmony with the arrangements and decorations suited to the religious demands of the present day". The new plans, by Thomas Harris (architect and churchwarden of the parish), removed the end wall and the upper galleries along the sides of the church (uncovering the windows' full length and letting in more light), created a chancel for a robed choir (with new carved mahogany choir stalls with angel ends) and a sanctuary within the new apse, and added a marble mosaic floor, a fine marble pulpit and two balustrades (with Alpha and Omega on the latter). This new scheme combined Neo-Classicism with Pre-Raphaelitism, and included a gilded cross in the ceiling above the site of the original altar. Funded by subscription, it began in 1884 (with a memorial stone, laid by Mrs Gladstone, wife of the Prime Minister, in the outside wall of the apse) and was completed a year later.

Post-war
A bomb fell in the churchyard close by during the Second World War, blowing out all the windows, piercing the ceiling over the reredos in two places with pieces of iron railing from the school playground, and necessitating the church's closure for repairs until 1949, when fragments of the original coloured glass were incorporated into the new windows and a Browning Chapel created at the back of the church to commemorate the Brownings' marriage. This chapel later became a parish room known as the Browning Room, with the chapel transferred to the side of the church as the Holy Family Chapel. This room contained several items of Browning furniture which have since largely been stolen.

The churchyard is now a Garden of Rest in the care of the City of Westminster.

Rectors of St Marylebone
The church provides a list of ministers of the parish since 1544. (It additionally notes that William Witham is given on Wikipedia as incumbent of St Marylebone until 1454, but states that he was in fact incumbent of St Mary-le-Bow.)

In 1821 the parish Rectory, impropriated by the Dukes of Portland for the previous century, was restored to the incumbent clergyman (then Luke Heslop, incumbent since 1810). Heslop thus became Rector of St Marylebone.

1821–1825† Luke Heslop (as Archdeacon of Buckingham)
1825–1854† John Hume Spry
1855–1857 John Pelham (later Bishop of Norwich)
1857–1882 Charles Eyre
1882–1908 William Barker (later Dean of Carlisle)
1908–1942 William Douglas Morrison (criminologist)
1942–1954 Hubert Matthews (as Archdeacon of Hampstead from 1950)
1954–1958† James Harington Evans
1958–1978† Frank Coventry
1979–1990 Christopher Hamel Cooke
1990–1997 John Chater
1997–2010 Christopher Gower
2010– Stephen Evans

† Rector died in post

Organ
The church contains a four manual organ by Rieger Orgelbau. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

Organists
 1817–1834 – Samuel Wesley, son of Charles and Sarah Wesley
 ????-???? – William Hodge, John Stainer dedicated his Crucifixion to him
 ????-1913 – Frederick B. Kiddle, prominent English pianist, organist and accompanist
 1965–1971 – Douglas Edward Hopkins, (formerly organist of Canterbury Cathedral)
 1971–1979 – Michael Howard, English choral conductor, organist and composer
 1979–1991 – Catherine Ennis
 1991–2001 – Peter Barley  (afterwards organist of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin)
 2001–2014 – Steven Grahl  (afterwards Organist and Master of the Choristers at Peterborough Cathedral)
 2014–present – Gavin Roberts

Notable burials

Members of the Bentinck family, including
William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1809), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Dorothy Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (1750–1794; née Lady Dorothy Cavendish)
 Lieutenant-General Lord William Cavendish-Bentinck (1774–1839), Governor-General of India

Listed below are some of the burials in the churchyard, which no longer exists because it has been made into a public garden.
Archibald Bower (1686–1766), Scottish historian
Richard Cosway (1742–1821), portrait painter
Francis Perceval Eliot (1755–1818), soldier and man of letters
Grace Montagu Cosby (1686–1767), wife of William Cosby
James Figg (died 1734), pugilist
Barak Longmate (1738–1793), genealogist, editor, heraldic engraver and publisher
John Shore (1751–1834), First Lord Teignmouth, Governor General of India from 1792 to 1798
John Vanderbank (1694–1739), portrait painter and book illustrator
Caroline Watson (1761?–1814), engraver
The Reverend Charles Wesley (1707–1788), leader of the Methodist movement, most widely known for writing more than 6,000 hymns; also his wife, Sarah.
 Joseph Woelfl (1773–1812), composer and pianist.
 Sir Barry Close (1756–1813), army general, baronet.

Contemporary British Painting
In 2013 the church began a series of exhibitions in the crypt featuring living British painters in collaboration with the artists led group Contemporary British Painting. Artists exhibited in the programme include Matthew Krishanu, Claudia Böse, Mary Webb, Susan Gunn, Nicholas Middleton, Simon Burton, Alex Hanna, Pen Dalton, Simon Carter, Judith Tucker, Susie Hamilton, Julie Umerle, Greg Rook, Stephen Newton, Alison Pilkington, Marguerite Horner, Paula MacArthur, Nathan Eastwood, Linda Ingham, James Quin, Wendy Saunders and Robert Priseman.

Funding from Sackler family
The church is partly funded by the Sackler family, the billionaire American family accused of contributing to the opioid crisis through the drug OxyContin. The church received a £250,000 donation from the Sackler Trust in 2020.

References

Bibliography

Sources
Church's homepage

External links

Church of England church buildings in the City of Westminster
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Grade I listed churches in the City of Westminster
Diocese of London
Buildings and structures in Marylebone
Burial sites of the Eliot family of St Germans
Burial sites of the Wesley family

St Marylebone Parish Church


Robert Fitzpatrick (July 2, 1937 – October 23, 2010) was an American actor, lawyer, film producer, and music executive.

Fitzpatrick born in San Antonio, Texas, brought up in New Jersey and ran away from home and went to New York at the age of 15 where he became an actor off-Broadway. He put himself through Princeton University and enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, eventually serving as a captain in Vietnam during that conflict. Upon discharge, he went to Hollywood and worked as an actor and model, playing in several 20th Century Fox films including Dear Brigitte and Goodbye Charlie. He put himself through UCLA Law School, earning an LLB and a JD degree and became a well known entertainment attorney representing many musical acts including The Beatles, The Who, The Rolling Stones and Peggy Lee.

Later, he joined Robert Stigwood to become President of Stigwood Fitzpatrick Inc. and managed such groups as Cream and The Bee Gees. He founded, along with Stigwood, Casserole Music Corporation and served as its CEO and President. He served on the Board of Hair's Natoma Entertainment Group, produced Hermione Baddeley in the stage presentation of Why Not Tonite? and produced the Emmy Award winning "Underground" with Chuck Collins in Chicago. He managed many well known musical acts during this period including Mitch Ryder & The Detroit Wheels, Arthur Lee & Love, Peggy Lee, Taj Mahal, The Buckinghams, Shady Lady, Dick Dale & The Del-tones, Dobie Gray, Crabby Appleton and many more. He also managed Don Johnson, Jay North (Dennis the Menace) and Theodore Wilson. He has worked on the soundtracks of many motion pictures including Pulp Fiction, Remember the Titans and The 51st State.

At the time of his death, Fitzpatrick was the President of Allied Artists International, Inc., parent of Allied Artists Pictures, Allied Artists Music Group and the various Allied Artists Entertainment Ventures.  Throughout his career, Fitzpatrick worked as President and CEO of Vista Ave Entertainment Group, a multi faceted film and music company, RFO Entertainment, a management and production company and the Robert Fitzpatrick Organization. Shortly before his death, Fitzpatrick was interviewed by the Archives of Music Preservation in what is believed to be his last interview, speaking about representing The Beatles.

Death
Fitzpatrick died on October 23, 2010, aged 73, in Los Angeles, of lung disease.

References

1937 births
2010 deaths
Lawyers from San Antonio
Princeton University alumni
UCLA School of Law alumni
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
American male film actors
Film producers from Texas
Deaths from lung disease
20th-century American lawyers

Robert Fitzpatrick (lawyer)


Performance is a 1970 British crime drama film directed by Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg, written by Cammell and filmed by Roeg. The film stars James Fox as a violent and ambitious London gangster who, after killing an old friend, goes into hiding at the home of a reclusive rock star (Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones).

The film was produced in 1968 but not released until 1970, as Warner Bros. was reluctant to distribute the film, owing to its sexual content and graphic violence. It initially received a mixed critical response, but its reputation has grown since then, and it is now regarded as one of the most influential and innovative films of the 1970s, as well as one of the greatest films in the history of British cinema. In 1999, Performance was voted the 48th greatest British film of the 20th century by the British Film Institute. In 2008 Empire magazine ranked the film 182nd on its list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.

Plot
Chas is a member of an East London gang, led by gangster Harry Flowers; his specialty is intimidation through violence, as he collects pay-offs for Flowers. Chas is very good at his job, and has a reputation for liking it. His sexual liaisons are casual and rough. When Flowers decides to take over a betting shop owned by Joey Maddocks, he forbids Chas to get involved because he feels Chas' complicated personal history with Maddocks may lead to trouble. Chas is angry about this and later humiliates Maddocks, who retaliates by wrecking Chas' apartment and attacking Chas, who in turn shoots him, packs a suitcase and runs from the scene.

When Flowers makes it clear that he has no intention of offering protection to Chas, but instead wants him eliminated, Chas decides to head for the countryside to hide out, but after overhearing a musician talk about going on tour and leaving his rented room in Notting Hill Gate, Chas goes there and pretends the musician was a friend who recommended him. He tells Pherber, a woman living there, that he is a fellow performer, juggler Johnny Dean. She lives there with Turner, a reclusive, eccentric former rock star who has 'lost his demon', and Lucy, with whom he enjoys a non-possessive and bisexual ménage à trois. Floating in and out of the house is a child, Lorraine.

At first, Chas is contemptuous of Turner, who himself attempts to return the rent paid in advance, but they start influencing each other. Pherber and Turner understand his conflict, and want to understand what makes him function so well within his world. To speed up the process, Pherber tricks him by feeding him a psychedelic mushroom, and Chas accuses her and Turner of poisoning him. He soon accepts it, and in his hallucinogenic state, he experiments with clothing and identity, including the wearing of feminine clothes. Chas opens up, and he begins a caring relationship with Lucy.

Before all this, he phones Tony (a trusted friend who refers to Chas as 'Uncle') to help him get out of the country. Flowers and his henchmen use Tony to track Chas to Turner's flat. They allow him to go and collect his things upstairs. Chas tells Turner and Pherber he is leaving, then shoots and kills Turner before being escorted into Flowers' car. As the car is driving away, Chas still wears his feminine clothes and wig, but his face is identical to Turner's.

Cast

Production

Development
Performance was initially conceived by Donald Cammell as "The Performers", and was to be a light-hearted swinging '60s romp. At one stage, Cammell's friend Marlon Brando (with whom he later collaborated on the posthumously published novel Fan Tan) was to play the gangster role of 'Chas'. At that stage, the story involved an American gangster hiding out in London. James Fox, previously cast in rather upper crust roles, eventually took the place of Brando, and spent several months in South London among the criminal underworld, researching his role.

As the project evolved, the story became significantly darker. Cammell was influenced by the Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges (whose portrait, on a book cover, can be seen at a crucial moment in the film), as he re-drafted the script to create an intense, intellectual film dealing with an identity crisis. The theories put forward by Antonin Artaud, on the links between performing and madness, also influenced Cammell, who—along with co-director Nicolas Roeg, mainly responsible for the 'look' of the film—also benefited from a lack of interference from studio executives at Warner Bros., who believed they were getting a Rolling Stones equivalent of The Beatles' A Hard Day's Night (1964). Instead, Cammell and Roeg delivered a dark, experimental film which included graphic depictions of violence, sex and drug use.

It was intended that The Rolling Stones would write the soundtrack, but due to the complicated nature of the various relationships on and off-screen, this never happened. It was rumoured that Anita Pallenberg (then in a relationship with Keith Richards) and Mick Jagger played out sexual scenes in the film 'for real'. When Richards heard the rumours, he apparently took to sitting in his car outside the house where the film was being shot. Needless to say, this did not do much for the Jagger–Richards musical chemistry, and the soundtrack came together from a number of other sources.

Post-production and release
The content of Performance was a surprise to the studio. It has been reported that during a test screening, the wife of one Warner Bros. executive vomited in shock. In the series Hollywood UK: British Cinema of the Sixties (presented by Richard Lester, originally broadcast on 3 October 1993, and later repeated on BBC Four in 2005 and 2006), Roeg said that a Warner Bros. executive commented on the scene depicting Jagger in a bath with Pallenberg and Breton, 'Even the bath water was dirty.' The film was shelved by Ken Hyman, head of Warner Brothers, when he concluded that no amount of editing, re-looping, or re-scheduling would cover up the fact that the picture ultimately made no sense. The response from the studio was to deny the film a cinematic release.

Performance was released in 1970, after major re-editing (performed by the uncredited Frank Mazzola, working under the close supervision of Cammell, with a brief from Warner Bros. to introduce Jagger earlier in the film) and changes in administration at Warner Bros. When the film was first released in the United States, the voices of a number of the actors in key roles were dubbed because the studio had feared that Americans would find their Cockney accents difficult to understand. Different edits were shown around the world, with the film gaining a following through to the late 1970s, by which time a variety of versions of varying quality could be seen in a handful of independent cinemas around London. A home video release eventually appeared in 1980, but contained the dubbed US version.

A commemorative event was held at London's ICA on 18 October 1997, incorporating a talk by film theorists (including, in the audience, Colin MacCabe, who went on to write a guide to the film), a screening of the uncut UK edition, and finally a question-and-answer session. Those in attendance included Fox (and family), Pallenberg, set designer Christopher Gibbs and Cammell's brother, who introduced part of a video interview with Donald, shot just before his death. Jagger was originally to appear but was committed to the Rolling Stones' Bridges to Babylon Tour.

In 2003, the British Film Institute financed a new print of Performance, which was premiered at the recently refurbished Electric Cinema in Portobello Road in London's Notting Hill (with an incognito Pallenberg in attendance). An individual member of a group of stalwart London based fans of the movie (which included the journalist Mick Brown) worked to ensure that any eventual DVD release was not merely a straight 'VHS to DVD' transfer of the dubbed VHS version (as was often the policy of Warner Bros. at the time) by making sure Warner Home Video (London) were fully aware of the new BFI financed print.

After a period of campaigning with Warner Brothers in Burbank, the Region 1 DVD was released on 13 February 2007 and elsewhere soon after. Although the film has undergone significant restoration, one famous line of dialogue—Jagger's 'Here's to old England!' heard during the sequence involving "Memo from Turner"—has been removed. This is because at this crucial stage of the film (the music sequence), one of the stereo sounds has been used on both channels. Other music and sound effects are also missing from this scene on the DVD release (some drums, the throbbing sound as Turner plugs a lead into his music generator, and the shrieking sound at the climax of his fluorescent light tube dance). These sounds, the dialogue and the music are all audible on other releases of the film. The voices of Harry Flowers (Johnny Shannon), Moody (John Bindon) and Lorraine, the young maid in Turner's mansion (Laraine Wickens), have been restored to the voices of the original actors.

Critical reception

Initial
Upon its initial release, Performance received mixed reviews. Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote that it 'is not a very good movie', but the personalities of Jagger and Fox were enough to make it 'the kind of all-round fun that in the movies is often tried but rarely so well achieved'. Variety panned the film for 'needless, boring sadism', a 'dull' script, and 'flat' performances. Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it a 'pretentious and repellent little film' that 'cannot rise above the world it pretends to examine'.

Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, writing that the first 40 minutes 'crackle with excitement', but then 'the pace slows down considerably, the nudity tires and the growing attraction of Fox for Jagger is unprepared for'. Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote that the film was suggestive of 'Mickey Spillane trying to write like Harold Pinter' and that filmmakers Cammell and Roeg had done a 'fundamentally rotten' job, regularly 'upstaging the action and the actors with tricky (and often unintelligible) sound recording and 'striking' composition. Oddly enough, they may have stumbled into a cult hit.'

Richard Schickel of Life described the film as 'the most disgusting, the most completely worthless film I have seen since I began reviewing'. By way of contrast, Jan Dawson of The Monthly Film Bulletin called it 'the kind of brilliant, baffling film about which it would be marginally more easy to write a book than a review ... though visually dazzling, wittily and literately scripted, and brilliantly conceived, the film inevitably derives much of its strength from its performers, nearly all of whom achieve a near-symbiotic relationship with their roles'.

Retrospective

In the late 1970s and 1980s, Performance gradually acquired a cult following on the late night and repertory cinema circuits. By the 1990s, it had undergone a critical reappraisal. The film has become canonised by many theorists of British cinema, who have suggested it is iconic within the British gangster genre. This is primarily due to its reflection of the coexistence of the criminal world of the East End and the bohemian culture in London during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1995, Performance appeared at number 30 in a Time Out 'all-time greats' poll of critics and directors. After Cammell's death in 1996, the film's reputation grew still further. It is often cited as a classic of British cinema.

In the September–October 2009 issue of Film Comment, Jagger's Turner was voted the best performance by a musician in a film.

In an introduction before the film's screening on Sky Indie, Quentin Tarantino cited Performance as 'one of the best rock movies of all time.' He praised James Fox's performance as his favourite British gangster portrayal in cinema, and expressed admiration for the film's exploration of the darker side of the 1960s psychedelic dream.

In his 15-hour documentary The Story of Film: An Odyssey, Mark Cousins says: Performance was not only the greatest seventies film about identity; if any movie in the whole Story of Film should be compulsory viewing for film makers, maybe this is it.'Performance holds an 83% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 35 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.90/10. The site's consensus reads: '''Performance is an exuberant and grimy ode to the sexual revolution, evoking cultural upheaval and identity crisis with rock 'n' roll verve and a beguiling turn by Mick Jagger.'

Influence

Several aspects of Performance were novel, and it foreshadowed MTV-type music videos (particularly the sequence with "Memo from Turner", in which Jagger sings) and many popular films of the 1990s and 2000s.

 The gangster aspect of Performance has been imitated by many popular directors such as Quentin Tarantino, Guy Ritchie and Jonathan Glazer.
 Performance pushed boundaries by featuring explicit sex scenes and drugs, which have been rumoured to be real instead of simulated. Although the films of Andy Warhol (and other underground filmmakers) had featured such behaviour before Performance, it was unprecedented that they appeared in a studio production.
 The song "E=MC²", by Big Audio Dynamite, contains extensive dialogue samples from Performance.
 The song "Further Back and Faster", recorded by Coil for their album Love's Secret Domain, also contains dialogue samples from the film.
 The second Happy Mondays album, Bummed, features several songs inspired by Performance, including "Moving in With", "Performance" and "Mad Cyril" (the latter of which contains dialogue from the film).
 In keeping with the intellectual bent of Jagger's character, the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges is quoted on numerous occasions during the film. His photograph appears in the brief montage that follows the shooting of Turner.
 Beat the Devil, the BMW promo film directed by Tony Scott and starring James Brown, Gary Oldman and Clive Owen, contains at least two references to Performance: at one point, Owen's character says 'I know a thing or two about performing'—a quote from Turner; while The Devil, played by Oldman, dances with a fluorescent tube, just as Turner does in Performance. In the earlier Tony Scott film True Romance, Oldman (as Drexl) is seen swinging a lamp-shade back and forth in front of someone, as Turner does during the sequence involving "Memo from Turner".
 The comic series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume III: Century, by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill, makes several references to Performance in its second issue, "Paint it Black", prominently featuring Jagger's Turner character (though with the name "Turner" spelt "Terner" to avoid copyright infringement). The plot of the issue is about The Stones in the Park concert that took place after the death of Brian Jones and shows just how Turner 'lost his demon', which in this case is a literal demon, i.e., a demonic possession. Turner in the world of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Turner takes the role that Jagger had in reality with the analogue of The Rolling Stones band called "The Purple Orchestra".
 The soundtrack song "Harry Flowers" was inspired by the character in the film, and was covered by William Orbit on his album Strange Cargo III.

Soundtrack

The soundtrack album was released by Warner Bros. Records on 19 September 1970. It features Jagger, Ry Cooder, Randy Newman, The Last Poets, Buffy Sainte-Marie and Merry Clayton.

Paperback novelisation
A novelisation of Donald Cammel's screenplay was published in 1970, under the by-line William Hughes (the publishing identity of Hugh Williams, a British author who seems never to have written under his own name, nor to have written anything but a diverse catalogue of screenplay novelisations). It was released by Tandem Books in the UK and Award Books in the US.

See also
 BFI Top 100 British films
 List of films featuring hallucinogens
 List of British films of 1970

Further reading

ReferencesBibliography' Ali Catterall and Simon Wells, Your Face Here: British Cult Movies Since The Sixties (Fourth Estate, 2001)

External links

 Performance at the British Film Institute

 Photos by Robert Whitaker

 Performance on "The Garden of Forking Paths" Borges site.
 Performance (1970)'' at DBCult Film Institute
 Performance by Colin MacCabe (book)

The Rolling Stones films
1970 films
1970 crime drama films
British crime drama films
British LGBT-related films
Films scored by Jack Nitzsche
Films directed by Donald Cammell
Films directed by Nicolas Roeg
Films set in England
Films set in Germany
Films set in Japan
Films set in New York City
Films shot in England
British independent films
Warner Bros. films
British avant-garde and experimental films
Films produced by Sanford Lieberson
1970s avant-garde and experimental films
1970 directorial debut films
1970s English-language films
1970s British films
British gangster films
English-language drama films

Performance (film)


The  was a maritime museum in Osaka, Japan. It was opened by the Mayor of Osaka City on 14 July 2000 having started on site in March 1998. Designed by architect Paul Andreu with engineering design by Arup and Tohata. the museum was built on reclaimed land in the Bay of Osaka at a cost of 12.8bn yen, with a replica Edo period trading ship, the Naniwa Maru as its centrepiece. The requirement of the dome to resist seismic, wave, and wind loads and its successful completion, led to the building winning a Structural Special Award in 2002 from the Institution of Structural Engineers, UK.

The museum was closed on 10 March 2013 because of financial problems, and because the number of visitors had greatly reduced after the museum's initial popularity.

Site and brief
Osaka City wished to develop a museum that reflected the maritime history of the port city. They had planned for it to be placed on reclaimed land in Osaka Bay, where a number of office schemes and a convention centre had been built, to create a landmark building to draw people from the city centre. Upon approaching Paul Andreu he provided preliminary sketches showing a dome, and suggested that the museum should be placed in the water itself and so a 300,000 m² basin was to be excavated from the reclaimed land with a spherical dome seeming to float in the bay, accessed by a submerged tunnel.

Design

Andreu based the dome on a viviani's curve. Arup were responsible for the design of the structural, mechanical, electrical and seismic engineering solutions for the dome and internal structure holding the exhibits within, whilst Japanese firm Tohata were responsible for the engineering of the entrance building, the submerged tunnel and the dome substructure.

With a site consisting of 25 m of reclaimed land on top of 15 m of alluvial clay, piles were designed to be 40 m long. To prevent the building sinking into the ground if an earthquake caused liquefaction of the ground, the top 10 m of the piles were designed as precast concrete piles with steel casings. In order to prevent the building from rising up due to buoyancy the piles were cast with a ground floor slab 1.6 – 2.5 m thick to provide sufficient weight.

The semicircular landside building contained a ticket office, the entrance hall and administrative offices, with storage and plant space in two basement levels below. From the entrance hall visitors descended to the submerged tunnel in glazed risers. The tunnel was made from reinforced concrete and was 15 m wide and 60 m long, but the shortest distance from the dome to shore was 15 m

The final design was for a 20,000 m2 building, consisting of a 5,000 m2 landside entry building, the 60m submerged tunnel of 1,000 m2, opening into the dome, which encased four levels totalling 14,000 m2.

Construction

There was a short 25 month construction programme for the museum and the dome was the most critical part of the building process. It was discovered that the dome could be built offsite whilst the internal section was built onsite, avoiding any potential construction clash and ensuring the project would be completed on time. This also meant the dome structure was isolated from the internal structure, simplifying the earthquake resistance. The Harima works of Kawasaki Heavy Industries were chosen to build the dome, partly because they were only 33 km away on the other side of Osaka Bay. On 3 November 1998 a 4,100 ton floating crane lifted the 1,200 ton dome and lifting rig onto a barge. On 5 November the barge made the 6 hour journey to the museum site and after a day of checks the floating crane again lifted the dome, manoeuvred towards the completed substructure and lowered the dome into place.

Museum

Osaka is a port and grew rapidly during the Edo period, becoming known as Japan's kitchen. The aim of the museum was to show how the sea, ships and harbour were used to the benefit of Osaka and the general development of maritime culture around the world.

The central exhibit was the replica Naniwa Maru, a 17th-century trade ship or higaki kaisen. The ship was trialled in Osaka Bay before being enclosed in the museum when the dome was brought to site. On the four floors surrounding and beneath the Naniwa Maru there are a range of artifacts and exhibits tracking the development of sea trade around Osaka and internationally. These include Ukiyo-e prints, replica figureheads and a display of shipwright's tools.

Two video theaters were in the basement. "The Sea Adventure Pavilion" offered a fictional story with a young Japanese seafarer, encountering pirates, and raging waves, while the seats swang in response to the view on screen. "Theater of the Sea" took viewers through Venice with a 3-D film and simulated wind and smells. Finally a yacht simulator, gave visitors the opportunity to try their hand at virtual sailing.

References

External links

 Official Osaka Maritime Museum website

Domes
Museums in Osaka
Maritime museums in Japan
Museums established in 2000
2000 establishments in Japan

Osaka Maritime Museum


Dennis B. McGilvray is a professor in the Department of Anthropology in University of Colorado at Boulder. Dennis's research interest are focused on the Tamils and Muslims of south India and Sri Lanka. His research examines matrilineal Hindu and Muslim kinship, caste structure, religious ritual, and ethnic identities in the Tamil-speaking region of eastern Sri Lanka. It is also important to note that this region is deeply affected by the island's civil war. He is also interested in visual anthropology and alternative modes of cultural representation. At University of Colorado, he teaches  on Tamil culture; upper division courses on symbolic anthropology, Foundations of Theory, and South Asian ethnography and a graduate seminar on Ethnography and Cultural theory.

Publications
Tsunami Recovery in Sri Lanka: Ethnic and Regional Dimensions. London and NY: Routledge, 2010 (co-editor).
Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
Muslim Perspectives on the Sri Lanka Conflict. Washington, DC: East-West Center, 2007, (co-author).
Tsunami and Civil War in Sri Lanka: An Anthropologist Confronts the Real World. India Review, 2006, 5, 372-373.
Jailani: A Sufi Shrine in Sri Lanka. In Ahmad, I. and Reifeld, H. (eds.) Lived Islam in South Asia: Adaptation, Accommodation & Conflict. Delhi: Social Science Press, 2004.
Symbolic Heat: Gender, Health, and Worship among the Tamils of South India and Sri Lanka. Ahmedabad: Malpin Publishers, and Middletown, NJ: Grantha Corp., 1998.
Arabs, Moors, and Muslims: Sri Lankan Muslim Ethnicity in Regional Perspective. Contributions to Indian sociology, 1998, 32, 433-483.
The 1987 Stirling Award Essay: Sex, Repression. and Sanskritization in Sri Lanka. Ethos, 1988, 16, 99-127.
Paraiyar Drummers of Sri Lanka: Consensus and Constraint in an Untouchable Caste. American Ethnnologist, 1983, 10, 97-115.
Sexual Power and Fertility in Sri Lanka: Batticaloa Tamils and Moors. In MacCormack, C. P. (ed.) Ethnography of Fertility and Birth. London: Academic Press, 1982. Reprinted by Waveland Press in 1994.
Caste Ideology and Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982 (editor).

References

External links

Profile and Selected Publications at University of Colorado

Living people
1943 births
Reed College alumni
American anthropologists
Harvard University alumni

Dennis B. McGilvray


Carlos Antonio Huerta (born June 29, 1969) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in three different professional leagues. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, and was recognized as a consensus All-American. Drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the twelfth round of the 1992 NFL Draft, he played in the National Football League (NFL), Canadian Football League (CFL) and Arena Football League (AFL).

Early years
Huerta was born in Coral Gables, Florida.  He graduated from Christopher Columbus High School in Miami, Florida, and played for the Columbus Explorers high school football team.

College career
Huerta attended the University of Miami, where he was a walk-on kicker for the Hurricanes teams from 1988 to 1991.  During his four years as a starter, he led the Hurricanes in scoring.  He still holds the Hurricanes career records for points after touchdowns (PATs), field goals, and total points, as well as the top three season records for consecutive PATs in a season, the top four season records for field goals, and the top three season records for points scored kicking and field goals in a game.  As a senior in 1991, he was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, having earned first-team honors from the Associated Press, the Walter Camp Football Foundation, Football News and The Sporting News.

He graduated from the university with a bachelor's degree in business administration, and was later inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame.

While at Miami, he was given the nickname "The Iceman" because of how cool he stayed no matter what the situation.

Professional career
Huerta joined the Las Vegas Posse, a Canadian Football League expansion franchise. He was one of the few notable players for the Posse, completing 38 of 46 field goal attempts, scoring 154 points. Following the season, he was the recipient of the Jackie Parker Trophy, and was the runner-up for the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award. After the Las Vegas CFL franchise folded, he moved to the CFL's Baltimore Stallions, where he completed 57 field goals and scored 228 points, and was a key contributor to the Stallions' 1995 Grey Cup championship season. His 57 completed field goals remains the second highest season total in CFL history.

The National Football League followed in 1996. Huerta played 3 games with the Chicago Bears in 1996, hitting 4 of 7 field goals, and one game with the St. Louis Rams, scoring 2 extra points.

From 1998 to 2001 he played in the Arena Football League, with the Florida Bobcats in 1998 and the remainder with the San Jose SaberCats. He would connect on 37 of 85 field goals in the AFL. Also in 1998, Huerta appeared in a playoff game with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League.

Life after football
Huerta was interviewed about his time at the University of Miami for the documentary The U, which premiered December 12, 2009 on ESPN.

See also
 1991 College Football All-America Team
 List of University of Miami alumni
 Miami Hurricanes

References

External links
  Carlos Huerta – Arena Football League player profile
  Carlos Huerta – National Football League player profile
  Carlos Huerta – University of Miami Hall of Fame inductee profile

1969 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football placekickers
American players of Canadian football
Baltimore Stallions players
Canadian Football League Rookie of the Year Award winners
Canadian football placekickers
Chicago Bears players
Florida Bobcats players
Las Vegas Posse players
Miami Hurricanes football players
Sportspeople from Coral Gables, Florida
Players of American football from Miami-Dade County, Florida
San Jose SaberCats players
St. Louis Rams players
Toronto Argonauts players
Christopher Columbus High School (Miami-Dade County, Florida) alumni

Carlos Huerta


Miroslav Šustera (March 15, 1878 – December 15, 1961) was a Czech track and field athlete and wrestler who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics, in the 1908 Summer Olympics, and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born and died in Prague.

In 1906 he finished seventh in the Greek discus throw event and twelfth in the ancient pentathlon competition. He also participated in the discus throw event but his result is unknown.

Four years later he participated in the Greek discus throw event and in the discus throw competition but in both contests his result is unknown. At the 1908 Olympics he also competed in the Greco-Roman light heavyweight event but was eliminated in the first round after losing his fight to Walter West.

His last Olympic appearance was in 1912 when he finished 38th in the discus throw event.

References

External links
profile

1878 births
1961 deaths
Czech male discus throwers
Czech pentathletes
Olympic athletes for Bohemia
Olympic wrestlers for Bohemia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1906 Intercalated Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Czech male sport wrestlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Athletes from Prague
Sportspeople from Austria-Hungary

Miroslav Šustera


Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park is a heritage-listed caravan park at Bowman Road, Caloundra CBD, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1912 onwards. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 2009.

History
Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park is located between Bowman Road and Pumicestone Passage on a site long recognised as the entrance to Caloundra. The caravan park has two sections separated by Pumicestone Creek. Tripcony is located on the coast guard (eastern) side of Pumicestone Creek while Hibiscus is situated on the Leach's Park (western) side of the Creek. The whole of this land (20 acres) was reserved for wharf purposes by 1877, demonstrating the importance of transportation to the early township. It was later re-designated as a camping reserve in 1912 as the settlement's popularity as a seaside resort increased. As motorised transport became dominant and leisure time increased, particularly post-World War II, this site was converted into a caravan park to meet the needs of the growing number of caravanning holiday-makers whose destination was the North Coast (later Sunshine Coast). Its still-water seaside location close to a major road with easy access for cars, and its range of accommodation and amenities, which have evolved over time, demonstrate all the features of a typical caravan park.

The North Coast region including Caloundra began to develop as a holiday destination at the end of the 19th century. Caloundra and other sites in south-east Queensland such as Tewantin, the Redcliffe Peninsula and Southport developed as resorts. This reflected the preferences of the Victorian era for a calm shallow stretch of river or still-water seaside location which allowed safe bathing, boating and fishing. Camping along rivers and on reserves occurred especially over the Christmas-New Year period. These resort settlements became more popular as accessibility was improved.

The history of the Tripcony Hibisicus Caravan Park site is linked to the development of transport to this region. Originally 20 acres of land, it was set aside as a wharf reserve by 1877. Shortly afterwards in 1879, the Pumicestone Passage was surveyed and beaconed by the crew of the Shadow for Thomas Tripcony, oystergetter, of Cowie Bank. Initially all stores were brought from Brisbane and passengers for Caloundra arrived via Bribie Island making this site (known as Black Flat or Tripcony Flat) an important entry-point for Caloundra. Passengers from Brisbane arrived at Bongaree Jetty on Bribie Island on the steamer Koopa. From there the Tripcony boat brought visitors to Caloundra. The first store in Caloundra, located at Black Flat near the wharf reserve, was started by family member, Andrew Tripcony in about 1912.

In 1912 the Wharf Reserve was gazetted as a Camping Reserve and functioned as this for the next four and a half decades. It was referred to by various names including Black Flat Camping Reserve, Tripcony Camping Reserve and South End Reserve. The Landsborough Shire Council erected a windmill and tank to provide a water supply for campers.

Initially North Coast tourists arrived by train at stations between Landsborough and Cooroy before using local forms of motorised transport to reach coastal destinations from railway stations between Landsborough to Cooroy but the interwar period saw substantial improvements to the region's road transport network. From the early 1920s, road works by local councils and the Main Roads Commission improved connections between inland and coastal settlements. Subdivision and sale of the Bulcock Estate to the north of the Camping Reserve  brought settlers and holiday-makers to Caloundra. Guesthouses opened and by the 1920s, several boat hire businesses were operating, and the township had a general store, butcher and baker.

Continued improved road access from Brisbane and inland towns during the 1930s increased the popularity of the North Coast as a resort. Development accelerated after the new road to Caloundra was built in 1935 and most of the Bruce Highway to Nambour was bituminised during the 1930s. With improved access for visitors from Brisbane, it was not unusual to see 600 or 700 cars parked on Caloundra's foreshores. Building activity reflected this popularity and included: a new subdivision of housing allotments at Moffat Head; the Amusu picture theatre (1935) in Bulcock Street; the Kings Beach Bathing Pavilion with kiosk and changing sheds (1937); the Queensland Governor's Curramundi House at Dicky Beach (1936); and the Semloh, cafe, store and guesthouse (). Land was resumed from the Bulcock Beach Esplanade in 1935 for recreational purposes and a camping ground was established in the water reserve.

In the immediate post-war period the Landsborough Shire Council intended to improve the Black Flat Camping Reserve. It proposed in its post-war plan to level, drain and grass the camping reserve and in 1947 the Shire Council applied for a £1000 loan for improvements to the camping areas at Black Flat and Kings Beach. During the summer of 1949-50 it was observed that Black Flat (South End) Reserve could be improved. It was capable of accommodating more campers if campsites were better organised. Traffic on a dirt road on the eastern side churned up dust that went throughout the camp area. Improvements were made to the camping area in subsequent years. Trees were planted in 1952 and an additional water supply to Black Flat reserve was requested in March 1953.

The popularity of the site was evident in the early 1950s. The Assembly of God ran a "Camp and Campaign" in 1953 at Black Flat. In the following year the Nambour Chronicle noted that Black Flat was popular among caravan owners who were enthusiastic black fish anglers.

With the considerable growth of car ownership during the interwar period caravans began appearing on Queensland roads. Caravans offered freedom for the affluent motor tourist, without sacrificing comfort. As a "home away from home", fitted with modern conveniences, caravans were markedly different from the simplicity of camping under a canvas tent. Caravans were an alternative to local hotels and guesthouses, the latter being in high demand during peak seasons, and providing varying levels of quality.

Post-World War II the popularity of caravans became more noticeable as the tourist industry resumed its pre-war expansion predicated on improved roads. The growth of motor tourism during the 1950s was stimulated by the lifting of petrol rationing by the Menzies government, the increased affordability of cars for the wider population and longer paid holidays. In 1946, The Road Ahead was noting the numbers of motor tourists from Victoria and New South Wales holidaying in Queensland. There was estimated to be 12,000 caravans on Australia roads by 1948-1949. The Caravan Club of Australia was formed in 1948 and a Brisbane branch had been established by 1951, offering advice to visitors.

The popularity of caravanning in Queensland was fostered by the RACQ which pushed for changes to restrictive road laws and improved caravanning facilities. The 1950 Queensland Traffic Act limited cars towing caravans to , compared to  for cars. By 1960 this speed had been lifted to 40. From 1949 when increasing numbers of caravans were appearing on North Coast roads the RACQ was urging local authorities on tourist routes to provide 'well equipped camps "to prepare for the boom". In 1954, RACQ Secretary Len King drew attention to the poor state of Queensland's caravan parks, noting that the average caravanner spent £5 in the local area in which they stayed.

The increasing number of caravan users in turn stimulated development of caravan parks. Private developers were the first to offer caravan parks from the late 1930s with modern facilities and structured layout. However, in the early 1950s, relatively few sites in Queensland offered the necessary infrastructure to accommodate caravanning needs. Calls for improvements to sites and facilities accompanied increased caravan usage. Advocates looked to the United States and the United Kingdom for examples of best practice in caravan parks. Caravanning guides and journals offered suggestions for layout and features. The publication Modern Caravan Parks offered advice to local authorities and others interested in establishing caravan parks. Suggestions included a more formal arrangement of space than camping required, characterised by grid or circular layouts and landscaped grounds. Features of caravan parks became a location near a main road, a prominent entrance, recreation room, brick amenities block, levelled concrete slabs, landscaping, hose connections, hot showers and electricity. They also had on-site caretakers/proprietors. Many parks offered on-site vans for rental. "Tradespeople" called to deliver essentials like bread and milk. A common characteristic of public (and private) camping grounds and caravan parks has been the continual updating of their facilities.

Requests for development of the Black Flat site as a caravan park started as early as 1950. In October that year a formal application from E.G. Sinclair of Sydney to the Landsborough Shire Council to develop Black Flat Camping Reserve as a modern caravan park and holiday area was considered, but did not proceed. In 1955 the Caloundra Development Association suggested that Black Flat camping area be developed by private enterprise as a camping and caravan park thus saving expense to ratepayers. The Landsborough Shire Council advised that the area was reserved and could not be leased. In 1957, G.F.R. Nicklin, MLA and Leader of the Opposition, presented the Lands Department with a request to develop a caravan park at the entrance to Caloundra, on behalf of Caloundra public bodies. The request was granted and this reserve became Hibiscus Caravan Park.

By 1960, a mix of public and private parks had been established on the North (Sunshine) Coast. Development of these caravan parks expanded during the 1960s. An inspection by RACQ club officials in 1962 of the state's caravan and camping grounds noted the progress through local government efforts, especially advancements by privately owned parks. Many council camping grounds became known as "caravan parks" as site facilities became more geared to their use. Names of parks could evoke the exotic history of caravanning, while others, like Hibiscus, highlighted natural features.

By the 1970s, caravanning was a well established and common leisure practice. A self-contained holiday in a caravan became an annual ritual for many campers, often returning to the same park year after year, members of a holiday community linked by shared experiences of place. After private houses, caravans were the most popular form of holiday accommodation in Australia in 1976. They were significant contributors to local economies in tourist regions, through accommodation fees and flow on effects to other local businesses.

Over time, the affordability of caravan park accommodation has attracted more long term residents. This has included retirees, people experiencing economic hardship and seasonal or temporary workers. In accordance with this trend, the Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park moved into this sphere of accommodation and currently has about 80 permanent residents on the Hibiscus side of the caravan park.

During the last 25 years development on the North Coast has been especially rapid with the population of the Sunshine Coast growing at around twice the rate of the State as a whole. The Sunshine Coast is now Queensland's third largest tourist destination in terms of holiday accommodation after the Gold Coast and Cairns. This has meant that although there is still strong demand for caravan park accommodation, there is also increased pressure for these strategically and attractively located, undeveloped sites to be utilised for other accommodation types or returned to parkland. In 1979 the Reserve for Camping (106) was divided into two portions with the establishment of portion 566 (Hibiscus) and Leach Park, while portion 764 became the remainder (Tripcony).

The closure of caravan parks in coastal areas began in the 1970s as more intensive commercial and residential development occurred in the region. On the coastal strip between Noosa and Caloundra in 1968, there were 24 sites operating as caravan parks and five out of the six council camping reserves offered facilities for caravans, including power. In 2007, there are 16 caravan parks remaining on the coastal strip and no council camping reserves.

In the late 1980s the Hibiscus Caravan Park lease was obtained from the Caloundra City Council by a private developer. The Caloundra City Council requested that the Queensland Government cancel the Reserve for Camping for the land on which the Tripcony Caravan Park was located as it did not require, and would not in the future, require the land for public purposes. This was approved by Cabinet and a lease for the land issued to the land developer who already held the Hibiscus Caravan Park lease. Later the development company became insolvent and the company's creditor, the Bank of South Australia, sold the lease to SEQ Properties. This company requested a lease to continue operating the caravan park. Subsequently the Department of Natural Resources and Water issued a lease to SEQ Properties for 15 years from 1993. Since then the company has upgraded and operated it a tourist caravan park comprising 190 sites with a selection of waterfront ensuite units, cabins, backpackers units, powered sites and tent sites. Today the Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park is one of only four remaining caravan parks in Caloundra.

In 2009, future land use of caravan park sites, particularly on Crown land, remains a contentious topic. Local communities and visitors have come to attach special significance to caravan parks as places of leisure, which has been demonstrated by their efforts to protect council-operated caravan parks on Crown land along the Queensland coast. The current lessee of the Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park site, SEQ Properties, has been offered a new 30-year lease of the site for caravan park purposes. This followed an exhaustive investigation into options for the future use of the site culminating in the announcement by the Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, that the continuing use of the site as a caravan park demonstrated her Government's commitment to retaining caravan parks on State-owned land for low-cost tourism.

Description
Screened from the road by rows and clumps of leafy trees and shrubs, the Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park stands on the busy four-laned Bowman Road opposite the large Stockland shopping complex at the south end of Caloundra. Nestled into the cove at the north end of the Pumicestone Channel, the caravan park has expansive views across to Bribie Island, views southeast to Bulcock Beach and southwest to Golden Beach. The caravan park terminates a strip of high-rise apartments to the east and is separated by a drain from Leach Park to the south.

Pumicestone Creek runs through the property dividing it into two sections -Tripcony to the east and Hibiscus to the west.

The main entrance is from Bowman Road where there is a skillion roof, two-storey, concrete block and fibro office and a number of temporary car parking bays. A boom gate south of the Bowman Road entrance marks the entry to the Hibiscus side of the caravan park and the Tripcony side is entered from the east off Tripcony Lane.

Both parts of the caravan park are organised around a grid of bituminised roadways. Both grids have the main roadways running north/south. Hibiscus has a circular section off grid to the southeast and the east/west roadways on the Tripcony side are slightly off the perpendicular.

The park offers a mix of temporary and permanent accommodation sites. The temporary sites include on-site vans and single-storey cabins, concrete slabs to take vans brought on site and grassed areas for tent camping. The permanent sites accommodate a variety of structures including vans, cabins and sheds with a range of extensions and personalising elements like gardens, low fences, outdoor areas and decorative features.

Both sides of the park have a large masonry ablutions block.

A grassed strip runs around the south and southeast end of the Hibiscus side and accommodates seats, a barbeque area and a concrete slipway boat ramp. Pine and pandanas trees are prominent along the waterfront and a range of vegetation including palms and cotton trees is scattered across the park.

Heritage listing
Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 2009 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park is important in demonstrating the pattern of development of the Sunshine Coast, an important region for the development of seaside tourism in Queensland. Originally gazetted as a Wharf and Water reserve in 1877 and re-gazetted for Camping and Recreation purposes in 1912, Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park has sustained its use as a seaside camping ground. It illustrates the policy of colonial Queensland governments of reserving Crown land for public purposes, a practice which was common but is now rare.

Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park is important in demonstrating the evolution of tourist accommodation on the Sunshine Coast, an historically important region for the development of caravan parks in Queensland. It does this through it beginnings as a seaside camping ground dating from 1912 to its reconfiguration as a caravan park in 1957 at the vanguard of the boom period for caravanning (late 1950s and 1960s), and later through periodic updating of its facilities in response to contemporary demands. This development was intrinsically linked to the phenomenon of caravanning that resulted from the rise of mass motoring Australia-wide in the second half of the 20th century.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park represents a land use and custom that has made a strong contribution to the pattern and evolution of Queensland's tourism history. It is an excellent example of a camping and caravanning site that has been used by Queensland holiday-makers since 1912. Located adjacent to an area of quiet water allowing easy access for swimming, boating and fishing activities, Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park is important in illustrating the essential characteristics of early camping reserves.

Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park demonstrates the principal characteristics of a waterside caravan park. On a prime waterfront location with immediate access to still water, the place offers opportunities to interact with, and appreciate the natural beauty of its setting. Easily accessed by motor vehicles, and organised around a simple grid of streets and landscaping, the Park offers a range of accommodation types, which are served by a range of facilities that include ablutions blocks, barbeques and picnic areas. The range of accommodation and amenities has evolved over time to meet the changing needs of its clientele, while remaining low-scale and relatively affordable for holidaymakers.

References

Attribution

External links

Queensland Heritage Register
Caloundra
Caravan parks in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register

Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park


Metatorbernite (or meta-torbernite) is a radioactive phosphate mineral, and is a dehydration pseudomorph of torbernite. Chemically, it is a copper uranyl phosphate and usually occurs in the form of green platy deposits. It can form by direct deposition from a supersaturated solution, which produces true crystalline metatorbernite, with a dark green colour, translucent diaphaneity, and vitreous lustre. However, more commonly, it is formed by the dehydration of torbernite, which causes internal stress and breakage within the crystal lattice, resulting in crystals composed of microscopic powder held together using electrostatic force, and having a lighter green colour, opaque diaphaneity, and a relatively dull lustre. As with torbernite, it is named after the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman. It is especially closely associated with torbernite, but is also found amongside autunite, meta-autunite and uraninite.

References

Uranium minerals

Uranyl compounds
Copper(II) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Radioactive minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 85
Uranium(VI) minerals

Metatorbernite


is a 2D fighting video game for the Game Boy released by Culture Brain in 1996. It is part of the Super Chinese series.

Like Super Chinese Fighter for the SNES, Fighter GB allows players to participate in fighting game battles using characters from the Super Chinese games, including Jack and Ryu. The game has 12 different fighters. Players can use "super techniques" for their special attacks and block them using their "super defense". This game has a high level of animation and combat moves for a Game Boy game and it is possible to deliver combos that do more than 10 hits of damage.

References

Game Boy games
Game Boy-only games
1996 video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Super Chinese Fighter
Culture Brain games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan

Super Chinese Fighter GB


A puppet state is a country that is officially independent but is not so in practice. Puppet governments are usually kept in power by military force provided by an occupying country and are strongly controlled. Puppet states are generally not internationally recognized by most countries, except by the countries which control them and by a few other countries.

It is a biased term and is used in criticizing the government of the alleged puppet state.

See also
 Banana republic
 Satellite state

References

Puppet state


Hughes Network Systems, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of EchoStar. It is headquartered in Germantown, Maryland and provides satellite internet service. HughesNet has more than 1.4 million subscribers in the Americas.

History
Hughes Communications was founded in 1971 under the name Digital Communication Corporation (DCC) by a group of seven engineers and a lawyer led by John Puente and Dr. Burton Edelson, who all previously worked together at Comsat Laboratories. With $40,000 in startup capital, the company operated from a garage in Rockville, Maryland, designing circuit boards for telecom related products.

By 1977, Digital Communications Corp. had 250 employees and $10.6 million in revenue. In 1978, Digital Communications Corp. was acquired by Microwave Associates for an undisclosed sum, becoming MA/COM-DCC and began developing satellite related products. The company invented the very small aperture terminal (VSAT) in 1985. That year, the company sold its first VSAT network to Wal-Mart, which used the "technology to connect retail stores in rural areas." According to SatMagazine, "the global VSAT market is estimated to reach $10 billion by 2021." In 1987, MA/COM-DCC was acquired by Hughes Aircraft Corporation for $105 million and renamed Hughes Communications.

In 2004, News Corp acquired a controlling interest in Hughes through a $6.5 billion purchase intended primarily for its DirecTV unit. DirecTV also began selling off its ownership interests, culminating in a $100 million sale to a private equity firm. As a result, Hughes became a wholly owned subsidiary of SkyTerra Communications Inc., which was controlled by the investment firm. Hughes Communications was spun-off as an independent public company in 2007 and was acquired by EchoStar for about $2 billion in 2011.

Technology and services
HughesNet is Hughes Network Systems' satellite-based broadband internet service. As of 2018, Hughes controls 69 percent of the market for residential satellite-based internet connections, which are mostly used by rural customers out-of-reach of wired infrastructure. Hughes also markets its services to government, business, and military.

Satellite systems
In 2012, Hughes launched the Jupiter (stylized as JUPITER) System, Hughes' VSAT ground system that provides high-performance terminals, increased gateway architecture, and advanced air interface for both high-throughput and conventional satellites. The Jupiter System supports applications such as broadband Internet and Intranet access, community Wi-Fi hotspots, cellular backhaul, digital signage and mobility, including airborne services.

Through its Jupiter Aero System, an integrated system of airborne and ground equipment and software, Hughes provides broadband access to aircraft. As of 2018, about 1,000 aircraft carry Hughes technology on board.

In March 2018, Hughes announced improvements to the Jupiter system, doubling the throughput of HT2xxx terminals to more than 200 Mbit/s and increasing capacity.

Hughes HX and HT satellite broadband platforms are used for broadband IP services, high speed internet, VoIP, and video by telecom providers around the world and the military.

Hughes has deployed more than 9 million VSAT terminals of all types in more than 100 countries, representing more than 50 percent market share.

Satellite services
Hughes satellite backhaul of cellular service extends 4G/LTE service to remote and rural areas around the world, specifically where conventional backhaul is difficult or costly due to geography and terrain.

Hughes cellular backhaul applications include a 4G/LTE optimization capability that yields up to 60 percent bandwidth savings.

HughesNet

In 1996, Hughes introduced a satellite Internet service for consumers and small businesses. The service was originally known as DirecPC and was renamed Direcway in May 2002. In 2012, with Hughes' first offering of broadband satellite Internet, it was renamed HughesNet. In March 2017, Hughes became the first satellite-based internet provider to meet the Federal Communications Commission's definition of "broadband" with HughesNet Gen5 after launching the EchoStar XVII and XIX high-throughput satellites. As of 2022, Hughes is the largest satellite internet provider in the U.S., with 1.4 million subscribers. The FCC Measuring Broadband America report ranked HughesNet number one among all internet service providers for meeting or exceeding advertised download speeds for four years in a row from 2014 through 2017. For three out of four years (2014, 2015 and 2017), HughesNet ranked number one for meeting or exceeding both download and upload advertised speeds. HughesNet was named the Best Rural Internet Provider of 2022 and Best Satellite Internet Provider of 2022 by U.S. News & World Report 360 Reviews.

The long distance to the geosynchronous orbit used by HughesNet increases latency to over 600 ms, over 10 times more than terrestrial or low Earth orbit systems like Starlink, rendering it much less competitive for applications like videoconferencing and video gaming.

In 2016, Hughes expanded HughesNet into Brazil, marking its first international expansion of the service. It expanded into Colombia in September 2017, into Peru in October 2018, into Ecuador in December 2018, and into Mexico and Chile in 2019.

Managed network services
Hughes offers managed network services for distributed enterprise businesses and government organizations. Its HughesON managed services include SD-WAN, Wi-Fi and location analytics and cloud-based digital signage and employee training.

See also
Hughes Europe

Explanatory notes

References

External links
 Official Website

2011 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1971
American corporate subsidiaries
Communications satellite operators
Companies based in Germantown, Maryland
EchoStar
Satellite Internet access
Telecommunications companies established in 1971
Telecommunications companies of the United States
Former General Motors subsidiaries

Hughes Network Systems


Thomas Caesar Candiotti (born August 31, 1956) is an American former knuckleball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Milwaukee Brewers, Cleveland Indians, Toronto Blue Jays, Oakland Athletics and Los Angeles Dodgers. As of the 2005 season, Candiotti is a television and radio analyst for the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Early life
Candiotti is a graduate of Queen of All Saints Catholic School in Concord, California, Concord High School, and an alumnus of Saint Mary's College of California in Moraga, California. Candiotti pitched for the Saint Mary's baseball team for four years. He later said that he might not have been able to play college baseball at a larger school.

Baseball career
Candiotti, nicknamed "The Candy Man" or simply "Candy", was not drafted by any major-league team. He got a shot when he traveled to Victoria, British Columbia, for a tryout with the independent Victoria Mussels of the Northwest League in 1979. Candiotti won five games that year for a Victoria team that lost out on the pennant by percentage points to the Walla Walla Padres. "I had no place to stay", Candiotti recalled years later. "For a week, I stayed in the locker room. After that, I stayed with a buddy. I slept on the floor at his place. I didn't have any money. I didn't have a car or anything. There were even a couple of times when I slept on the field in my sleeping bag. It was that bad."

Following his only season in Victoria, the Mussels sold Candiotti to the Kansas City Royals in 1980. However, he never pitched for the Royals, and was claimed in the Rule 5 draft by Milwaukee that year. Candiotti won his first four major-league starts with Milwaukee in 1983, including a complete-game shutout on August 25 against California. In each of his first three career starts, Candiotti pitched at least seven innings and gave up one earned run or none. After two seasons with the Brewers, Candiotti signed with Cleveland in 1985, where he enjoyed his most successful seasons.

With the Indians of the 1980s, Candiotti had a record of 72–65, finishing only one season with a losing record. His best year for Cleveland was 1988, when he went 14–8 with a 3.28 ERA and 137 strikeouts. Candiotti became known for his use of the knuckleball. According to former Texas Rangers pitching coach Tom House, Candiotti was only the 20th pitcher in major-league history to throw the knuckleball on a full-time basis.

In June 1991, Toronto acquired him from Cleveland in a trade to help their playoff run. Candiotti led the Blue Jays' pitching staff with three complete games and a 2.98 ERA in 19 starts for a ballclub that had lost ace right-hander Dave Stieb to a season-ending injury. He was positioned to win the ERA title, as he had a major league-best 2.23 ERA on September 23, but gave up seven earned runs that night in California. In his first 16 starts with Toronto, his ERA was 2.21, a remarkable feat given the fact he threw the knuckleball and was working with two catchers, (Pat Borders and Greg Myers), who had never caught that pitch before. "It was tough for Myers and Borders to adjust to me mid-season", Candiotti said. "Because I threw the knuckleball, I normally spent more time with my catchers than other pitchers. People don't realize this—even the guys in the media—but not having spring training to work with them made a big difference."

He left the Blue Jays the following season to sign with Los Angeles where he pitched well for six years, hampered by poor run support. From 1992 to 1996, Candiotti's 3.57 ERA was fourth-best among National League pitchers with at least 900 innings pitched, behind only Greg Maddux (2.13), Tom Glavine (3.16), and John Smoltz (3.27), and 11th-best in the majors overall. He made his last major-league appearance with the Indians in 1999.

At the time of his retirement, Candiotti ranked in the top 100 all-time in major-league history in starts and strikeouts. In 2001, he was named one of the Top 100 Greatest Indians in Cleveland history.

After baseball
Candiotti held a front office position with the Indians in 2000 and 2001. He joined ESPN in 2001 as an MLB broadcaster and an analyst on Baseball Tonight. From 2002 to 2005, Candiotti continued on Baseball Tonight and served as a commentator for the Toronto Blue Jays. He has worked for several seasons as a radio analyst for the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Candiotti had a small part in Billy Crystal's 2001 movie "61*" as knuckleball pitcher Hoyt Wilhelm. He was inducted into the International Bowling Museum's Hall of Fame on June 27, 2007.

Personal life
Candiotti's marriage to his first wife, Debra, ended in divorce in 1992 after 11 years; he later remarried Donna Beck in 1993.

Candiotti had 2 children with his first wife, Debra.  His son, Clark, pitches for Wichita State.  His other son, Casey, pitches for the Holy Names Hawks.

See also

List of knuckleball pitchers
List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Arizona Diamondbacks announcers
Beloit Brewers players
Cleveland Indians players
El Paso Diablos players
Fort Myers Royals players
Jacksonville Suns players
Knuckleball pitchers
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball pitchers
Milwaukee Brewers players
Oakland Athletics players
Sportspeople from Walnut Creek, California
Baseball players from Contra Costa County, California
Saint Mary's Gaels baseball players
San Bernardino Stampede players
Toronto Blue Jays announcers
Toronto Blue Jays players
Vancouver Canadians players
Victoria Mussels players

Tom Candiotti


The Palace of the Marquis of Molins (Spanish: Palacio del Marqués de Molins) is a nineteenth-century building in Madrid, Spain.  Originally the property of Mariano Roca de Togores y Carrasco, 1st Marquis of Molíns, it now belongs to the state. It was adapted in the 1970s to serve as an annex to the Real Academia de la Historia.
The building is protected by a heritage listing, having been declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 2004.

References

External links

Molins
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in Madrid
Buildings and structures in Cortes neighborhood, Madrid

Palace of the Marquis of Molins


A molecular probe is a group of atoms or molecules used in molecular biology or chemistry to study the properties of other molecules or structures. If some measurable property of the molecular probe used changes when it interacts with the analyte (such as a change in absorbance), the interactions between the probe and the analyte can be studied. This makes it possible to indirectly study the properties of compounds and structures which may be hard to study directly.

The choice of molecular probe will depend on which compound or structure is being studied as well as on what property is of interest. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in molecular genetics to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by molecular hybridization.

Common probes
 Digoxigenin
 ANS
 Porphyrin
 BODIPY
 Cyanine
 Hybridization probe

References

External links

Molecular biology
Biochemistry

Molecular probe


Franciszek Siarczyński (1758–1829) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, member of the Piarist religious order, historian, geographer, teacher, writer and publicist.

He was a lecturer of grammar, history and geography at the Collegium Nobilium in Warsaw, Poland from 1781 to 1785.
He was a regular guest at the Thursday Dinners held by the King of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski in the era of the Enlightenment in Poland. He was the author of three volumes of 'Geografii, czyli opisania naturalnego, historycznego i politycznego krajów i narodów' (Geography, natural history, history and politics of the country and its citizens).

At the time of the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, he wrote for the Gazeta Wolna Warszawska (The Free Warsaw newspaper).

He collected material for the Słownika historyczno-statystyczno-geograficznego Galicji (The Encyclopædia of history, statistics and geography of Galicia), which was published in parts from 1857 as a weekly supplement 'Rozmaitościach' in the Lwów Gazette: Gazeta Lwowska.

After the transfer of the Ossoliński family's collection of books, from Vienna to Lwów, in 1827, he became the first director of the National Library of the Ossolineum, from 1827 to 1829.

His religious posts included being the Parish Priest in Jarosław, the Cathedral Canon in Warsaw and Przemyśl and the Prior in Kozieniec (1789) and Łańcut (1799).

References
Parts translated from the Polish version of this page from Polish Wikipedia on 03.11.2008
Notes

1758 births
1829 deaths
Polish Roman Catholics
Polish Roman Catholic priests
Polish male writers
Piarists

Franciszek Siarczyński