The New Presque Isle Light was built in 1870, at Presque Isle, Michigan, east of Grand Lake, and sits on the namesake peninsula. It is one of 149 lighthouses in Michigan, more than any other state. Because of changing shoreline particularly, or alternatively deterioration of the original building, it is not uncommon for a replacement lighthouse to be placed in the vicinity of an earlier light, in this case, the Old Presque Isle Light.

History
It was U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Major Orlando M. Poe who designed the plans for the new lighthouse, and proposed the total construction cost to be 21,000 dollars more than what was previously appropriated; the amount proposed was relatively modest, given the then astounding figures he would expend on building the Spectacle Reef Light. (Poe was also the chief engineer on General William Tecumseh Sherman's famous "March to the Sea" during the Civil War.) When he received enough funding, he gathered construction materials, obtained bids for labor, and organized a working crew.

The tender Warrington brought the working party and materials to the harbor in the summer of 1870. A lighthouse tender was a smaller ship that would take care of its supported lights. They would come to service the station, keeping it stocked with food, supplies, and construction materials. Work was completed in early summer of 1871. The base was  below the ground, with the base of nineteen feet tapering off to  right below the gallery. The new tower was built with double walls. Though the winds and the waves here at Presque Isle would not be nearly as rough as they could be at more remote locations like Stannard's Rock, the walls would still stand strong against any harsh weather Lake Huron could deliver. A spiral cast iron stairway led the Lighthouse keeper 138 steps to the top gallery. This plan was so unique and elegant that it inspired several other lighthouses around the Great Lakes to copy its design. (Outer Island and Au Sable Point on Lake Superior, and Big Sable Point Light and Grosse Point Light on Lake Michigan were recreated using a similar structure.)

A sixteen-foot covered passageway connected the tower to the two story keeper's dwelling, allowing for extra protection when the keepers would go to the tower in harsh weather. A full cellar was built under the house, and here the keepers would store personal items as well as oil for the lamp.

Fresnel lens
A third-order Fresnel lens, which stood six feet in height—manufactured by Henry LePaute Cie. of Paris—was used for the lamp. This lens was invented by a Frenchman of the same name, and it quickly became popular in towers across the country. Its strong, efficient lens was able to cast light much farther than previous techniques: open flame, light fueled by whale oil, or small wicks. The Fresnel lens system was a great improvement over previous lenses in lighthouses, but it was not until the 1850s that it was commonly adopted in the United States and on the Great Lakes. The lens allowed only a small amount of light to "escape" – that is, disperse and not shine directly to the water and incoming vessels. Fresnel was able to do this by creating various concentric rings surrounding the lens that would bend the light, ultimately focusing it in one direction. A very intense light could thus be seen by boats on the Lakes several miles away. This advantage would be very valuable for the lake freighters or passenger steamers lost in a storm or dangerous weather that is prone to occur on the Lakes.

It also had advantage over a previous system of lenses – the Lewis system. With this system, designed by a former sea captain named Winslow Lewis, a parabolic reflector directed light emitted from a hollow-tube wick. This wick was intensified by a draft of air that would flow over it, creating the light of six or seven candles. Even with the reflectors, the lens still could not produce nearly as much light as the Fresnel lens system. Furthermore, it was difficult to clean and maintain, resulting in constant repair, adjustment, and other maintenance. Clearly, the Fresnel lens system was the optimum choice for the Lighthouse Service and for the Presque Isle Harbor lighthouse.

The light at Presque Isle was not installed with any sort of flashing system, though the option was left available. Often, boats are able to distinguish between two different lights by a Flashing beacon. Either the beacon itself would rotate, and thus illuminate 360° around the lighthouse, or a blinder with only a small portion unshielded would rotate around the lamp, exposing the bright light for only a few seconds. The rotation was controlled by heavy weights that would slowly sink due to gravity. Every few hours the lightkeeper would "wind up" the rotating beacon or blinder. However, Presque Isle's light was a steady beacon.

Lightkeepers
It was Patrick Garraty, selected by Abraham Lincoln as fourth keeper of the old lighthouse, who was also instated as first keeper of the new lighthouse. His wife Mary was appointed by Patrick as assistant keeper. Later, in 1886, his 18-year-old son Thomas took the position, and he tended the light until 1935.

The lighthouse keeper's duty was never-ending. The station was expected to remain neat and orderly, and the lens required a daily cleaning, every two months a wash, and yearly a special polish. Wicks needed to be trimmed daily. Light towers were expected to remain in top shape, and this required sweeping, snow shoveling, and other care. This was to be done before 10 am, in preparation for that night's use. Additionally, many lightkeepers also maintained a garden on the property which would sustain them with enough fresh vegetables when tenders would not come.

The Lighthouse Board would routinely send inspectors to insure the lights, towers, and stations were kept up. Ideally, their arrival would be unannounced, but the installation of telephone in the various stations around the lakes gave keepers a way to warn others that they would soon be visited. In last minute scrambles, the lenses were tidied, the stations were cleaned, and the keeper and family put on cleaner clothes to help promote a more professional appearance at the station. These inspections were not treated lightly.

Upgrades

As times progressed and bigger ships and freighters utilized the Presque Isle Harbor, more developments and construction were made. In March 1889, Congress gave another 5,500 dollars to the construction of a steam fog signal at the station. These loud horns were helpful in fog or stormy weather when a vessel had little or no visibility. These signals, though sometimes distorted by the fog itself, could be heard where the light could not be seen. A problem, however, with the steam was the preparation to sound the signal. Sometimes it took as long as 45 minutes to start a boiler fire and wait for the steam pressure to rise. This could pose a hazard to a boat that required immediate assistance from keepers at the station – in those precious minutes, a vessel might be severely delayed upon entering harbor. In time, compressed air was substituted for the steam operation, and this significantly decreased the amount of time needed to prepare for blasting the signal.

In June 1890, the steam barge Ruby arrived at Presque Isle harbor with a working crew. They brought with them the materials to construct the building as well as a -long tramway which would serve as the track for the transportation of tons of coal that fueled the fog signal boilers, as well as oil and other supplies from the dock. (The working crew also rebuilt the landing dock and boat house.) In 1897, due to receding lake levels, the landing dock was extended .

Feeding the fog signal boilers was an arduous task. Dependably performing these jobs daily, among others, often required more than one keeper and one assistant. Eleventh District Inspector Commander Edward H Gheen reported that the Presque Isle Light needed more than two men running the station. Plans for a second dwelling on the property were drawn, and Congress allotted 5,000 dollars to build it. Work arrived on the tender Amaranth, and the new dwelling was constructed and finished by September 1905. The outer crib of the boat landing and a new deck were also built during this time. But for four years, no second assistant keeper was assigned to Presque Isle. In November 1909, Arthur J. Cater came to fill the position.

In September 1912, an incandescent oil vapor system was installed at the light tower. This new system was able to decrease the amount of cleaning needed while increasing the temperature and burn intensity. Kerosene was forced into a heated chamber where it was vaporized. It was then sent into the mantle where it would burn very brightly. (This highly effective and very efficient type of system is similar to what is used in smaller Coleman lanterns carried by campers today.

The Lighthouse Service was transferred to control under the Coast Guard in 1939, and that department gained control of the Presque Isle light. Indoor plumbing and electricity were installed at the station, and the fog signal building was demolished because it was no longer a necessity. The Coast Guard automated the light in 1970, and boarded up the station building.

Recent developments

In the 1990s this lighthouse was given an additional course of brick. Thus, its girth is wider and the light does not look as 'trim' as it once did in old photographs.

The property was leased to the county as Presque Isle Park, and eventually they were given full control of it in 1998. With its beacon visible for  out in the water, the Presque Isle Lighthouse is today known as one of the highest towers on the Great Lakes.

This light is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Name of Listing: NEW PRESQUE ISLE LIGHTHOUSE/REF #83000890.

See also
Lighthouses in the United States

Footnotes

References
Official historical marker of the New Presque Isle Lighthouse at the entrance designated as registered site number 1563.
Official Historical Marker of Old Presque Isle Lighthouse at the entrance designated as Michigan's historical registered building number 33.

Further reading
Taylor, Paul (October 2009) Orlando M. Poe: Civil War General and Great Lakes Engineer (Kent State University Press) ; .

External links

Presque Isle Township Museum Society - Tour information of keeper's house museum, New Presque Isle Light and Old Presque Isle Light
Aerial photos, New Presque Isle Light, marinas.com.
Detroit News, Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses.

Lighthouses completed in 1870
Houses completed in 1870
Historic American Engineering Record in Michigan
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Museums in Presque Isle County, Michigan
Michigan State Historic Sites
Lighthouse museums in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Presque Isle County, Michigan

New Presque Isle Light


Empousa or Empusa was a female spirit in Greek mythology. The origin of the figure is unclear. Her mother was probably Hectate. Empousa seems to have been a spirit used to frighten people. In appearance, she probably resembled Mormo and Lamia. She seems to have had the ability to change her appearance or shape (known as shapeshifting).

One of the first to describe her was the Ancient Greek poet Aristophanes, in his comedy The Frogs: When the Greek god Dionisus is on the way to the underworld with his slave Xanthias, Empusa appears in different forms (animals: cow, donkey, dog), and finally as a woman. One of her legs is made of iron, the other is made of cow dung.

Greek legendary creatures

Empusa


నిరోధక చిహ్నాలు (Prohibitory signs) ఒక రకమైన రహదారి చిహ్నాలు. ఇవి వాహనచోదకులపై కొన్ని రకాలైన నిషేధాజ్ఞల్ని విధిస్తాయి.

నిరోధక చిహ్నాలు

ప్రవేశం నిషిద్ధం

No admittance to unauthorised personnel, usually shown as a red circle with a white rectangle across its face.

నియంత్రించిన వేగం

దీనిని ఆ మార్గంలో అతివేగాన్ని నిరోధించే విషయాన్ని తెలియజేస్తాయి. ఈ చిహ్మంలో చూపించే సంఖ్య/అంకె ఆ మార్గంలో వెళ్ళగలిగిన అత్యధిక వేగాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది.

వాహనాల్ని నిలుపరాదు
Amongst one of the most familiar signs, this sign is used where parking is prohibited. Usually shown as a red diagonal inside a blue circle with a red ring in Europe and parts of Asia, and a 'P' in a red circle with a cross through in North and South America, elsewhere in Asia, Australia, Africa and Ireland.

No overtaking

Either overtaking is prohibited for all vehicles or certain kinds of vehicles only (e.g. lorries, motorcycles, etc...) In the USA, this is usually phrased as "no passing zone" and indicated by, a rectangular, black-on-white sign on the right side of the road that says "DO NOT PASS" and/or by a solid yellow line painted on the roadway marking the left limit of traffic (centerline), and sometimes supplemented by a yellow triangular (no passing zone) sign on the opposite side of the road (where it can be seen by a driver who is attempting to pass). Conversely, when the passing restriction is lifted, a rectangular, black-on-white sign that says "PASS WITH CARE" is placed on the right side of the road and/or the yellow centerline changes from solid to broken (indicating that passing is allowed in that direction).

No right, left, or U-Turn

Either for all vehicles or with some exceptions (emergency vehicles, buses). These are usually to speed up traffic through an intersection or due to street cars or other right of ways or if the intersecting road is one-way. Indicated near-universally by an arrow making the prohibited turn overlaid with a red circle with an angular line crossing it.

రహదారి నియమాలు

నిరోధక చిహ్నం


Seborga is a small village in Italy, located near the border with France. It is a commune within the Province of Imperia. Seborga's main economic activities are agriculture and tourism. Seborga has an annual festival dedicated to Saint Bernard, the town's patron saint. It has a population of around 300.

Principality of Seborga

In the early 1960s, Giorgio Carbona claimed that Seborga was historically a principality and was not formally included in the 1861 Italian unification. As such, he claimed that the town and its surrounding territory was an independent country from Italy. He was elected as the Prince of Seborga.

There has been no formal recognition of Giorgio Carbone's claims and no country currently recognises Seborga, making it a micronation.

Settlements in Imperia
Micronations

Seborga


Pendeen Lighthouse, also known as Pendeen Watch is an active aid to navigation located  to the north of Pendeen in west Cornwall, England. It is located within the Aire Point to Carrick Du SSSI, the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the Penwith Heritage Coast. The South West Coast Path passes to the south.

Layout

Attached to the tower itself, there is an 'E' shaped building split into a terrace of four cottages. Three of the cottages were originally used to house the three resident keepers, their wives and families, with the fourth used as an office area and sleeping accommodation for the supernumerary keepers. They are now let as holiday cottages. Water was originally collected off the flat roof of the accommodation block and stored in an underground tank. Behind the cottages are three kitchen gardens (which soon fell into disuse as nothing would grow in such an exposed position). On the seaward side of the complex, the fog siren and its accompanying machinery is housed in a separate building.

Significance
The lighthouse, together with the attached keepers' cottages, are Grade II listed, as is the separate engine house (with its fog horn equipment), along with other associated buildings and the boundary walls. Pendeen's engine house is 'the only example in the country to have retained its 12" siren with associated machinery'.

Construction
Trinity House decided to build a lighthouse and foghorn here in 1891 and the building was designed by their engineer Sir Thomas Matthews. The  tower, buildings and surrounding wall were constructed by Arthur Carkeek of Redruth who had to flatten the headland before building could commence. The light was first lit on 3 October 1900.

Lamp and optic
A five–wick Argand lamp was initially provided, by Messrs Chance of Smethwick, near Birmingham; it was replaced not long afterwards, however, by a Matthews 3-50mm dia. mantle lamp. (The original Argand oil lamp was on display at the Trinity House National Lighthouse Museum, Penzance, until 2005 when the museum closed.) Chance Brothers also manufactured the lens system: a large (first-order) rotating optic made up of two sets of four panels (eight panels in all), which displayed a group of four flashes every fifteen seconds, (and which as of 2019 is still in use); it had a range of .

Fog siren
The fog signal was sounded from a detached engine house a little to the north-west. In 1900 it contained a pair of Hornsby oil engines providing compressed air for the twin 5-inch sirens, which sounded a seven-second blast every one-and-a-half minutes, through vertical curved trumpets (still in place) on the engine room roof.

Electrification
In 1926 Pendeen was the first Trinity House station to be fitted with a new, more powerful 12-inch siren. This was part of a general upgrade to the lighthouse, which saw new Gardner semi-diesel engines installed in the engine house and an electric filament lamp replacing the petroleum vapour light in the lantern. Pendeen was one of the first Trinity House lighthouses to be equipped with an incandescent light bulb: 'in order to obviate a watch being kept during fog both in the engine room and the lantern, electric light has been introduced in place of the petroleum-vapour lamps and the apparatus in the lantern made automatic'. The electric current was generated by dynamos directly coupled to another set of semi-diesel engines. The lamp used was an Osram gas-filled bulb, specially designed for Trinity House by the General Electric Company. The automated equipment included a turntable lamp changer: in the event of a lamp failure, a reserve bulb was brought into position and lit (and an alarm notified the keeper), and if the reserve bulb then failed, it was replaced by a self-lighting acetylene lamp; the system remained in use until the mid-1990s.

In the engine house, the Gardners were replaced by a pair of Ruston & Hornsby diesels in 1963.

Automation
Pendeen Lighthouse was automated in 1995 with the keepers leaving the station on 3 May. While a new electric lamp and automatic lamp changer were provided at this time, the original optic was retained and it remains in use. As part of the preparation for automation the fog siren was decommissioned and replaced with an electric fog signal, sounding once every 20 seconds; (The fog signal was decommissioned in April 2014).

Gallery

See also

 List of lighthouses in England

References

External links
 Pendeen Lighthouse at Trinity House
 Photographs and Information from Strolling Guides

Grade II listed lighthouses
Grade II listed buildings in Cornwall
Lighthouses completed in 1900
Lighthouses in Cornwall
St Just in Penwith
1900 establishments in England

Pendeen Lighthouse


Alessia Marcuzzi (born 11 November 1972) is an Italian television host, actress and former fashion model.

Career
Born in Rome, to father Eugenio, from Trieste, and mother Antonietta from Roseto Valfortore, in the province of Foggia, she has debuted in Telemontecarlo hosting Attenti al dettaglio and then Qui si gioca, with José Altafini, in the 1991/1992 season. In March 1992 also presented the kids show Amici mostri. In the 1992/1993 season hosted the entertainment show Novantatrè, with Umberto Smaila. Has appeared in RAI televisions in 1994, with Gigi Sabani, in Il grande gioco dell'oca. In 1994 also debuted as actress in the movies Chicken Park, directed by Jerry Calà, and Tra noi due è tutto finito.

She started working in Mediaset from November 1995 hosting the Italia 1 Saturday afternoon program Colpo di fulmine, until June 1997. It became a daily show in 1996, because of his great success. Thanks to this program has become one of the most important Italia 1 host; in this period she started hosting the well-known music festival Festivalbar, from 1996 to 2002, with whom she won a Telegatto in 2001, has presented the late night show 8 millimetri with Paolo Brosio and, from 1997 to 1998, the afternoon show Fuego!. She also presented the primetime show Mai dire Gol, from 1998 to 2000, with Ellen Hidding and the Gialappa's Band. In these years acted in the movies Gunslinger's Revenge, directed by Giovanni Veronesi, Tutti gli uomini del deficiente, and the TV movie Un cane e un poliziotto and the series Tequila & Bonetti, acting with Jack Scalia. In 2000 hosted the pilot of Macchemù, with Paola Barale, dedicated to television themes and won the Oscar TV as "Personaggio televisivo femminile dell'anno".

From 2000 has replaced Simona Ventura in the Italian version of Caiga Quien Caiga, named Le Iene, presenting it until 2005, aired by Italia 1 initially as late night show and then as primetime show.

In 2002 and 2003 she presented the Telegatto's awards and, in 2003 too, the Galà della pubblicità, with Heidi Klum; both the events were aired by Canale 5. In Autumn 2003 has hosted the charity show La fabbrica del sorriso, with Gerry Scotti, Claudio Bisio and Michelle Hunziker. In the same years has won Premio Flaiano and another Oscar Tv for Le iene.

After hosting an edition of Scherzi a parte in 2005, with Diego Abatantuono and Massimo Boldi, in 2006 has replaced Barbara d'Urso presenting the Italian version of Big Brother, Grande Fratello, that she finished hosting in 2015.

From 2004 to 2006, she was the protagonist of the television series Carabinieri, while in 2007 she acted in Il giudice Mastrangelo 2. Acted also in the TV movie Un amore di strega, with Pietro Sermonti, her partner in 2009, and in the sitcom Così fan tutte, with Debora Villa.
Her credits also include performances in various films and television, with starring roles in  Leonardo Pieraccioni's 1998 feature film Il mio West, as well as the TV shows Tequila and Bonetti (2000) and Carabinieri.

Personal life
Marcuzzi has a son, Tommaso (born 29 April 2001), with Simone Inzaghi, an Italian former footballer (relationship ended in 2004), and a daughter, Mia (born 4 September 2011), with television host and singer Francesco Facchinetti (relationship ended in October 2012). Marcuzzi married Paolo Calabresi Marconi in December 2014.

Filmography

References

External links
Official website
Alessia Marcuzzi - Bio

1972 births
Living people
Italian game show hosts
Italian female models
Italian showgirls
Italian television personalities
Actresses from Rome
People of Apulian descent

Alessia Marcuzzi


Konstantin Vygodchikov (Vigodchikov, Wygodchikoff; ) (1892–1941) was a Belarusian chess master.

He won in the 3rd Belarusian Championship in 1926, and shared 1st with Abram Model and Vladislav Silich in the 4th BLR-ch in 1928.

In 1908-09, he lost a correspondence game to Alexander Alekhine. He shared first with Kliatsky (Kliatskin) at Moscow 1920 (Russian Olympiad, 1st Union National Congress, 1st USSR-ch, final B)
and won a short match (play-off) against him (2:0). He tied for 11-13th at Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in the 2nd USSR Championship (Peter Romanovsky won).

He tied for 5-6th at Moscow 1928 (3rd Championship of Russia, Izmailov won). Konstantin Alekseyevich Vygodchikov lived in Smolensk where he taught his nephew Sergey Belavenets and Mikhail Yudovich.
He gained the master title in 1929 after having come level with the young Mikhail Botvinnik in the preliminary round of the USSR Championships of that year. He took 4th at Odessa 1929 (6th USSR-ch, semifinal).

He took 6th at Moscow 1934 (4th Championship of Russia, Belavenets won), and tied for 11-12th at Leningrad (St. Petersburg) 1936 (All-Union Tournament of the 1st Category, A. Budo won).

References

External links

1892 births
1941 deaths
Belarusian Jews
Russian Jews
Belarusian chess players
Jewish chess players
Soviet chess players
20th-century chess players

Konstantin Vygodchikov


Jamaica is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. It is the location of the county seat of Queens. Also located there is Jamaica Station. With over 200,000 daily passengers, the station is a rail hub for New York City Subway, the Long Island Rail Road, and the Airtrain to JFK airport.

Queens (New York City)
Neighborhoods of New York City

Jamaica, Queens


Hildebrand Horden (died 1696) was a London actor. He joined the United Company in 1694, just before it split in two as the senior actors, headed by Thomas Betterton, walked out and set up a cooperative company in Lincoln's Inn Fields. As he was young and untried, it is unlikely that Horden was invited to join them; at any rate, he remained with the United Company, where he rose into favour with audiences, speaking more than half of the recorded play prologues (a sign of success and prestige). On 18 May 1696 he was killed, at a young age, in a tavern brawl, by Elizeus Burges.

Colley Cibber, who worked at the company at the same time, describes Horden in his autobiography:

"This young man had almost every natural gift that could promise an excellent actor; he had besides a good deal of table-wit and humour, with a handsome person, and was every day rising into public favour. Before he was buried, it was observable that two or three days together several of the fair sex, well dressed, came in masks (then frequently worn) and some in their own coaches, to visit this theatrical hero in his shroud."

See also
The Relapse

References

Cibber, Colley (first published 1740, ed. Robert Lowe, 1889). An Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber, vol.1, vol 2. London.
Article "Horden, Hildebrand", in Highfill, Philip Jr, Burnim, Kalman A., and Langhans, Edward (1973–93). Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800. 16 volumes. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press.

1696 deaths
English male stage actors
17th-century births
17th-century English male actors

Hildebrand Horden


St. Stephen's Church is located on Church Mission Road in Delhi. The church was built in 1862, by Anglican missionaries and DPW Engineers in the style of Italian Gothic architecture. It is part of Church of North India Diocese of Delhi.
The St. Stephen's Church, Delhi compound also has the famous St. Stephen's College and St Stephen's Hospital, Delhi.

Architecture
The Church is typical Gothic style architecture, the Church is highly influenced by the Romanesque architecture Apart from its ornate walls and ceilings the Church has a unique feature which is the stained glass rose window which is exclusive in Delhi. The baroque styled church has arched windows which allow the sunlight to brighten the interiors. the interiors are well maintained with motifs, pictures, carvings and beautiful furniture. A series of fine plasters form arcade on either side with lined columns made of sandstone. These columns have beautiful carvings.

History

The organization responsible for the building of St. Stephen's Church was the Anglican mission Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Much of the work of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in India was later supported by the Cambridge Mission to Delhi.  The Cambridge Mission was instrumental in the founding of St. Stephen's College, Delhi now a constituent part of Delhi University. The color of the Church is said to symbolize the blood of St. Stephen, the first Christian Martyr and patron saint of the city, and also the blood of the first Christian martyrs in India who were killed in Delhi in 1857 revolt.

The St. Stephen's Church, Delhi compound also has the famous St. Stephen's College and St Stephen's Hospital.

St. Stephen's Hospital, Delhi

St Stephen's Hospital, Delhi is the oldest and one of the largest private Hospitals in Delhi. Established in 1885, it has a capacity of about 600 beds, and is a super speciality tertiary care Hospital offering care in all Specialties and most super specialties. Apart from treating patients, the Hospital is running training programmes in various Specialty and Super specialty courses affiliated to the National Board of Examinations and recognized by the Medical Council of India. In addition, many young aspirants are trained each year in General Nursing and Midwifery and in Allied health professional Courses. B.Sc. Nursing has been recently introduced.

Academics
The courses offered by the institute are:

 M.B.B.S. (Annual intake of 77 students)
 BSc (Hons.) in Nursing (Annual intake of 70 students in BSc Nursing)
 Bachelor of Physiotherapy
 Post Graduate Diploma in Dietetics
 Diploma in Pharmacy
 Diploma in Radiodiagnosis Technology
 Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
 Diploma in Ophthalmic Technology
 Diploma in Anaesthesia Technology
 Diploma in Medical Record Technology
 Diploma in Electrophysiology and Pulmonology Technology
 Diploma in Dialysis Technology
 Diploma in Diabetic Education & Podiatry Technology

Medical Facilities
 General OPD
 Private OPD
 Free OPD
 Anesthesia
 Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
 Cardiology
 Casualty
 Community Health
 Dental
 Dermatology
 E.N.T
 Endocrinology
 Gastroenterology
 Hepatobilary Pancreatic and Liver Transplant
 Histo Pathology
 Laboratory Services
 Medicine
 Nephrology
 Neurology
 Neurosurgery
 Obstetrics & Gynaecology
 Oncology
 Ophthalmology
 Orthopaedics
 Paediatrics
 Paediatrics Surgery
 Plastic Surgery
 Psychiatry
 Radiology
 Reproductive and Foetal Medicine (RFM)
 Respiratory Pulmonary Medicine
 Surgery
 Surgical I.C.U.
 Urology

Other Christian Medical Colleges & Hospitals in Delhi
 Holy Family Hospital (New Delhi)

Churches in Delhi
 Central Baptist Church (Delhi)
 Cathedral Church of the Redemption
 Sacred Heart Cathedral, New Delhi
 St. James' Church, Delhi

References

 Bauconm, Ian. Out of Place: Englishness, Empire, and the Locations of Identity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999
 Morris, Jan, with Simon Winchester. Stones of Empire: The Buildings of the Raj. Oxford University Press, 2005

Church of North India church buildings
Churches in Delhi
1862 establishments in India

St. Stephen's Church, Delhi


Żubroń (;  ) is a hybrid of domestic cattle and wisent. The wisent (żubr in Polish) is the European bison; hence, the żubroń is analogous to the American beefalo. The name żubroń was officially chosen from hundreds of proposals sent to the Polish weekly magazine Przekrój during a contest organised in 1969.

History
The żubroń was first created by Leopold Walicki in 1847, although the hybrid may also have appeared at an earlier time. After World War I, various scientists considered żubroń a possible replacement for domestic cattle. Żubroń turned out to be more durable and less susceptible to disease. In addition, the animal could be bred on marginal grazing land with no farm infrastructure and with minimal husbandry in huge state agricultural farms (SAFs). From 1958, the work on żubroń herds was continued by the Polish Academy of Sciences in various laboratories, most notably in Białowieża and Młodzikowo. During the first 16 years of experiments, a total of 71 animals were born, including Filon, the first żubroń born to a żubroń mother (August 6, 1960). The animal was intended to become a hardy and cheap alternative to cattle.

The experiment was continued until the late 1980s when the results of the breeding programmes were deemed unsatisfactory. Various factors contributed to this decision, including the severe economic difficulties of the Polish socialist economy in the 1980s, a lack of interest from the notoriously ineffective SAFs, and fears that żubroń would crossbreed with the endangered wild wisent, contaminating their gene pool. The two notable centres for experiments on the species were Łękno (391 animals all together) and Popielno (121 animals), while limited experiments were also held in the reserve of Askania Nova in the USSR. This was discontinued, and the sole surviving herd consists of several animals only, kept at Bialowieski National Park. As of 2007, however, there are press releases suggesting the breeding and experiments are continuing in Karolew in Greater Poland.

Description

Żubroń are heavy animals, with males weighing up to  and females up to . They are strong, resistant to disease, and tolerant of harsh weather conditions. The first-cross calves have to be born by Caesarean section, because although they may be carried successfully to full term, parturition never occurs. Males are infertile in the first generation.  Females are fertile and can be crossbred with either parent species (i.e., cattle or wisent), and males from these backcrosses are fertile.

See also
 Beefalo
 Dzo
 Haldane's rule
 Yakalo

References

Bovid hybrids
Beef
1847 introductions
Intergeneric hybrids

Żubroń


Relations between Bangladesh and Russia. Russia has an embassy in Dhaka and Bangladesh has an embassy in Moscow. Diplomatic relations were established on 25 January 1972, when Russia was the Soviet Union.

Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has visited Russia twice to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin. The first time was in 2009 and then in 2013.

Soviet-era relations
Relations between the Soviet Union and Bangladesh were good in the years immediately after Bangladesh's independence in 1971. The Soviet Union supported Indian actions in aiding the war of liberation, and after the war the Soviet Navy sent a floating workshop to Bangladesh for clearing Pakistani mines from the Chittagong and Chalna harbors. Mujib visited Moscow in 1972, and high-level officials from both countries made numerous reciprocal visits until 1975. The Soviets supported the socialist programs of the Mujib government and its very exceptionally close ties with India. Early Soviet aid was limited, however. During the first four months of its existence, Bangladesh received economic aid worth US$142 million from India, but only US$6 million from the Soviet Union.

It also believed that the Communist Party of Bangladesh was funded and supported in the erstwhile volatile region of the former East Pakistan since then it was part of a United Pakistan itself allied with the United States and the China which were hostile towards rival Soviet Union, the party itself was based on the idealogical principals of Marxism.

Bangladeshi-Soviet relations rapidly improved in 1984 and regained a level of cordiality in the mid- and late 1980s. In 1985 the Soviet Cultural Centre reopened in Dhaka. In 1986 a Soviet special envoy visited Dhaka, and later the Bangladeshi foreign minister visited Moscow. Although Soviet aid to Bangladesh was still small compared with assistance from Japan, the United States, or even China, by 1987 Bangladesh had entered into sixteen different economic accords with the Soviet Union. Soviet assistance has concentrated on the energy sector, especially several power plants at Ghorasal, near Dhaka.

References

Russia
Politics of Russia

Bangladesh–Russia relations


In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction φi is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing:

Being dimensionless, its unit is 1; it is expressed as a number, e.g., 0.18. It is the same concept as volume percent (vol%) except that the latter is expressed with a denominator of 100, e.g., 18%.

The volume fraction coincides with the volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).

The sum of all volume fractions of a mixture is equal to 1:

The volume fraction (percentage by volume, vol%) is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture with a dimensionless quantity; mass fraction (percentage by weight, wt%) and mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) are others.

Volume concentration and volume percent

Volume percent is the concentration of a certain solute, measured by volume, in a solution. It has as a denominator the volume of the mixture itself, as usual for expressions of concentration, rather than the total of all the individual components' volumes prior to mixing:

Volume percent is usually used when the solution is made by mixing two fluids, such as liquids or gases. However, percentages are only additive for ideal gases.

The percentage by volume (vol%) is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture with a dimensionless quantity; mass fraction (percentage by weight, wt%) and mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) are others.

In the case of a mixture of ethanol and water, which are miscible in all proportions, the designation of solvent and solute is arbitrary. The volume of such a mixture is slightly less than the sum of the volumes of the components. Thus, by the above definition, the term "40% alcohol by volume" refers to a mixture of 40 volume units of ethanol with enough water to make a final volume of 100 units, rather than a mixture of 40 units of ethanol with 60 units of water. The "enough water" is actually slightly more than 60 volume units, since water-ethanol mixture loses volume due to intermolecular attraction.

Relation to mass fraction

Volume fraction is related to mass fraction,

by

where is the constituent density, and  is the mixture density.

See also

 Alcohol by volume
 Breathalyzer
 Alcohol proof
 Apparent molar property
 For non-ideal mixtures, see Partial molar volume and Excess molar quantity
 Percentage
 Mass fraction (chemistry)

References

Dimensionless quantities of chemistry
Physical chemistry
Thermodynamics
Analytical chemistry

Volume fraction


Yarkon River (, ) is a river in central Israel that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The river starts in the Yarkon National Garden near Rosh HaAyin and flows past the city of Petah Tikva. After then it flows through the Yarkon Park in the north of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area beside the cities of Bnei Brak and Ramat Gan, and then flows through Tel Aviv and into the Mediterranean Sea next to the Yarkon River Peninsula and the Tel Aviv Port.

The Yarkon River has a written history of 2000 years. It is described in the Hebrew Bible as a border of the Tribe of Dan of Israelite.

Other websites

  Yarkon River Authority

Rivers of Israel
Tel Aviv

Yarkon River


The 8th Engineer Regiment was a reserve engineer regiment of the Australian Army. Originally raised as the "8th Combat Engineer Regiment" in 1995, the unit provided support during the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the APEC Australia 2007, and was headquartered at Bullecourt Barracks, Adamstown, New South Wales, where it formed part of the 8th Brigade.

History
In late 2013, the regiment was reorganised when one sub-unit – the 102nd Construction Squadron – was transferred to 8 CER from the 21st Construction Regiment, following the decision to disband that unit. The regiment subsequently assumed the designation of the "8th Engineer Regiment". At the time, it also consisted of the 6th and 14th Combat Engineer Squadrons,  drawing lineage from several units that fought during the First and Second World Wars.

Throughout 2017, the regiment transitioned from the 8th Brigade to the 5th Brigade and in November 2017, the regiment was amalgamated into the 5th Engineer Regiment. As a part of this amalgamation, the regiment's 14th Combat Engineer Squadron was transferred intact, based at Adamstown, while the 6th Combat Engineer Squadron was reduced to a troop at Dundas, while the 102nd Construction Squadron also became a troop, subordinate to the 101st Construction Squadron.

References

Engineer regiments of Australia
Military units and formations established in 1995
Military units and formations disestablished in 2017

8th Engineer Regiment (Australia)


Dermot Troy (31 July 1927 – 6 September 1962) was an Irish lyric tenor mainly associated with the music of Mozart.

Life and career
Troy was born in Tinahely, County Wicklow, and was raised in Inchicore, Dublin. As a young man he joined the Royal Air Force in 1945. He left the R.A.F. in 1948 but had received a serious hearing loss in his right ear due to an explosion.

In 1952 he entered a voice competition, which was coordinated with the opening of the Mario Lanza film The Great Caruso. After winning the Irish section of this competition, he attended the finals in England where he was runner-up. This brought a good deal of interest in his voice. He began with the noted Italian tenor Dino Borgioli and had a number of singing engagements in England.

He had a breakthrough in 1958 when he was invited to sing leading tenor roles at the Mannheim State Opera (the same year he sang the small role of Gastone in La traviata at Covent Garden next to the Violetta of Maria Callas - a live recording of one of the performances has been released by EMI). Another opportunity opened up for him in 1960 when he was invited to sing at the prestigious Hamburg State Opera.

In June 1961 he suffered a heart attack. He was known to be a very heavy smoker. He returned to Dublin for his recovery and in April 1962 he was able to return to Hamburg where in September 1962 he suffered a fatal heart attack.

Troy did not leave many recordings. He is a member of a prestigious cast on an EMI recording of Richard Strauss' Capriccio and in the 1957 recording of a live performance of Les Troyens (Hylas) by Berlioz. He also recorded Mozart's Zaide. Of Irish music, he recorded selections of Thomas Moore's Irish Melodies and a small number of songs by John F. Larchet and Aloys Fleischmann.

Selected recordings
Dermot Troy Remembered, RTÉ Lyric FM CD 114 (2007); works by A. Fleischmann, J. F. Larchet, W. A. Mozart, F. Schubert, E. Grieg, F. Léhar, Cardillo, L. Denza, Tosti, Capel, H. Wood, Henry Bishop, I. Novello, Sanderson.

References

Bibliography
Gus Smith: Irish Stars of the Opera (Dublin: Madison Publishers, 1994), p. 99–112;

1927 births
1962 deaths
20th-century Irish male opera singers
Irish operatic tenors
Musicians from County Wicklow
People from Tinahely

Dermot Troy