William Guest MBE (1903-1991) was a rugby player for Wakefield RFC, a major in the Territorial Army and was awarded the MBE for services to Army sport.

William Guest was from Ackworth, near Wakefield and educated at QEGS Wakefield from 1913 to 1921.

He played for the school team and captained it during the 1921/22 season with a playing record of 18 wins in 22 games.

The QEGS 1874-1987 A history of school rugby booklet described him "His experience of many seasons at full back has made him a most useful kick and his tackling has always been most fearless. Playing at three-quarter this season and although his passing has at times been erratic, his grit and determination has been invaluable. Fearless as a player and as a captain. Has developed that frequently neglected or over looked factor of success, the morale of the side. He has proved himself a real leader and captain of the most successful fifteen the school has had for many years"

He also played for South Elmsall RFC before joining Wakefield RFC in 1923 until his retirement through injury in 1939, playing in 372 games - the fourth highest number of games for the club. He was captain of Wakefield between 1928 and 1936 (two spells), Honorary secretary between 1933 and 1939 and club President between 1980 and 1989. He also held posts at Wakefield Sports Club limited and remained active at the rugby club until his death. His contribution to the club was described in Wakefield Rugby Football Club—1901-2001 A Centenary History book as "probably unsurpassed".

He also represented Yorkshire 22 times between 1922 and 1928 and was in the county team that won the County Championship by beating Cornwall at Bradford in 1928.

In 1940 he was called up as a member of the Army Officer's Emergency Reserve to the 6th Gordon Highlanders and served throughout the war in North Africa, Italy and the Far East, where he served with the Special Operations Executive (SOE). He served for a time as a staff officer and left with the rank of major.

In 1946 he joined the TA when it was reformed and received a commission in the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, transferring in 1954 to the Army Cadet Force.

In January 1971 he was awarded the MBE for his work as County Sports officer for the Army Cadet Force.

He was a manufacturing confectioners agent.

References

Wakefield Rugby Football Club—1901-2001 A Centenary History. Written and compiled by David Ingall in 2001.
Wakefield RFC programmes - various dates.
Wakefield Express newspaper - various dates
QEGS 1874-1987 A history of school rugby booklet
London Gazette 1 January 1971
British Army Officers 1939−1945

1903 births
1991 deaths
Members of the Order of the British Empire
English rugby union players
Wakefield RFC players
People educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield
Rugby union players from Wakefield
British Army personnel of World War II
British Army officers
Military personnel from Yorkshire
King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry officers
Gordon Highlanders officers
British Special Operations Executive personnel
Rugby union fullbacks

William Guest (rugby union)


Mary Virginia Taylor (born March 3, 1950) is a retired bishop in the United Methodist Church in the US who served the Holston Conference.  She was elected in 2004 on the 34th ballot, receiving 354 of 549 votes cast at the Southeastern Jurisdictional Conference. She was endorsed by the Holston Conference delegation.  From 2004 to 2012 Taylor served the South Carolina Conference. In 2012, Taylor was appointed to serve the Holston Annual Conference, beginning her service on September 1, 2012.

She is married to James Russell "Rusty" Taylor, an elder in the South Carolina Conference, and has two daughters, Mandy Taylor Young, and Mary Tiffany Taylor, and one granddaughter (born September 18, 2009).

Ordained deacon 1974 and ordained elder 1976 in the Holston Annual Conference, "Dindy", as she is sometimes known, served at churches in Athens, Knoxville, Gray, Bluff City, Kingsport, and Chattanooga, Tennessee, before being appointed Cleveland District Superintendent.

See also

List of bishops of the United Methodist Church

References
United Methodist News Service
The Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church
InfoServ, the official information service of The United Methodist Church.
Biography

External links
 Holston Conference of the United Methodist Church

1950 births
Living people
Women Methodist bishops
United Methodist bishops of the Southeastern Jurisdiction
21st-century Methodist ministers
20th-century Methodist ministers

Mary Virginia Taylor


{{Infobox book
 | name             = Cheaper by the Dozen
 | title_orig       =
 | translator       =
 | image            = File:CheaperByTheDozen.jpg
 | caption          = First edition cover (Thomas Y. Crowell Co.)
 | author           = Frank B. Gilbreth Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey
 | illustrator      =
 | cover_artist     =
 | country          =
 | language         =  English
 | series           =
 | subject          =
 | genre            =  Autobiography
 | publisher        =  Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
 | pub_date         =  1948
 | english_pub_date =
 | media_type       =  Print
 | pages            =  237
 | isbn             =  0-06-076313-2
 | oclc             =
 | dewey            =
 | congress         =
 | preceded_by      =
 | followed_by      =  Belles on Their Toes (1950 book; 1952 film)
}}Cheaper by the Dozen is a semi-autobiographical novel written by Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, published in 1948. The novel recounts the authors' childhood lives growing up in a household of 12 children. The bestselling book was later adapted into a feature film by Twentieth Century Fox in 1950 and followed up by the sequel, Belles on Their Toes (1950), which was adapted as a 1952 film.

 Plot
The book tells the story of time and motion study and efficiency experts Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth, and their children as they reside in Montclair, New Jersey, for many years. Lillian Gilbreth was described in the 1940s as "a genius in the art of living".

The best-selling biographical novel was composed by two of the children, who wrote about their childhoods. Gilbreth's home doubled as a sort of real-world laboratory that tested her and her husband Frank's ideas about education and efficiency. The book is more of a series of stories, many of which are humorous, with little overarching narrative.

The title comes from one of Frank Sr.'s favorite jokes: it often happened that when he and his family were out driving and stopped at a red light, a pedestrian would ask, "Hey, Mister! How come you got so many kids?" Gilbreth would pretend to ponder the question carefully, and then, just as the light turned green, would say, "Well, they come cheaper by the dozen, you know", and drive off.

At several points in the book, a total number of children is spoken of as being 12.  In real life, although the Gilbreths had 12 children who survived infanthood, only up to 11 were living at the time of the stories.  In fact, when Mary died of diphtheria at age five, seven of her siblings were not yet born, so there never were 12 children alive at the same time.  The only chapter that mentions Mary by name is the one that tells the stories of the children's births; otherwise, she is not mentioned and her absence is not explained.  It was not until the sequel, Belles on Their Toes, was published in 1950 that Mary's death is mentioned in a footnote.  In the rest of the book, only the 11 children who lived to adulthood are mentioned by name. From oldest to youngest, they are Anne, Ernestine (Ern), Martha (Mart), Frank Jr., Bill, Lillian (Lill), Fred, Dan, John (Jack), Bob, and Jane.

The stories in the book are organized topically.  They skip around in time, and the details of the timing are not always made clear.  For example, Bill is mentioned as having been six years old at the time of the story in which he honks the car horn while his father is under the hood trying to fix the engine.  This would have been around 1919, before the three youngest children were born, though this detail is not mentioned.

The book ends with the sudden death of Frank Sr, which occurred in 1924.  At that time, the oldest child (Anne) was 20 years old and the youngest (Jane) was nearly two years old.

 Adaptations Cheaper by the Dozen was made into a 1950 motion picture, starring Clifton Webb and Myrna Loy as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The film was produced by 20th Century Fox.Cheaper by the Dozen  was adapted as a stage play in 1992 by Christopher Sergel. It played at Grey Lite Theatre in 1992, directed by Lori David.Cheaper by the Dozen has been adapted as a musical, dramatized by Christopher Sergel with a score by David Rogers and Mark Bucci.Cheaper by the Dozen (2003) and Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005), starring comedians Steve Martin and Bonnie Hunt, have little relationship with the book other than the title and the focus on a family with 12 children. On the cover of Kate's book (Kate is the female lead character in the movies), the title is shown to be Cheaper by the Dozen, and the author's maiden name appears as Gilbreth (the name of the real family in the book upon which the 1950 film was based). During a game of Apple Schmear, Nora tells Hank that her "Great Grandma Gilbreth" invented the game. Furthermore, Lorraine and Tom argue about how much time she should be allotted in front of the mirror in the mornings. He allots her a few extra minutes, connecting back to the time efficiency specialist that the father, Frank Gilbreth, was in the 1950 film.

On August 6, 2019, following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, Disney CEO Bob Iger announced that a reboot of Cheaper by the Dozen was in development and would premiere on the company's streaming service, Disney+. Gail Lerner was selected to direct the film with a script co-written by Kenya Barris and Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry. Gabrielle Union and Zach Braff landed starring roles in the film, which was released on March 18, 2022.

Contemporary appraisals
Re-reading the book in 2003, Pulitzer Prize–winning critic Jonathan Yardley wrote in The Washington Post: "[I]t is a joy to report that Cheaper by the Dozen'' still reads remarkably well. ... The prose ... is unadorned and matter of fact, and its organizational structure is a bit difficult to detect, but what matters most is that it is a touching family portrait that also happens to be very, very funny."

The book won the French International Humor Award and has been translated into a dozen languages.

References

Further reading
  (Article by Frank Jr. about their summer home on Nantucket Island.)
  A comprehensive family and professional history.

1948 American novels
American biographies
American novels adapted into films
Time and motion study
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. books
Novels set in New Jersey
Novels set in the 1920s

ru:Оптом дешевле (фильм, 1950)

Cheaper by the Dozen


Davao City, officially the City of Davao (, ), is a highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the largest city in the Philippines in terms of land area. It is the third-most populous city in the Philippines after Quezon City and Manila, and the most populous in Mindanao. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1,776,949 people.

It is the largest city in the province of Davao del Sur both in population and land area wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority, but the city is governed and administered independently from it. The city is divided into three congressional districts, which are subdivided into 11 administrative districts with a total of 182 barangays.

Davao City is the center of Metro Davao, the second most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines. The city serves as the main trade, commerce, and industry hub of Mindanao, and the regional center of Davao Region. Davao is home to Mount Apo, the highest mountain in the Philippines. The city is also nicknamed the "Durian Capital of the Philippines".

Etymology
The region's name is derived from its Bagobo origins, who are indigenous to the area. The word davao came from the phonetic blending of three Bagobo subgroups' names for the Davao River, a major waterway emptying into Davao Gulf near the city. The Obos, who inhabit the hinterlands of the region, called the river Davah (with a gentle vowel ending, although later pronunciation is with a hard v or b); the Clatta (or Giangan/Diangan) called it Dawaw, and the Tagabawas called it Dabo. To the Obos, davah also means "a place beyond the high grounds" (alluding to settlements at the mouth of the river surrounded by high, rolling hills).

History

Precolonial era
The area of what is now Davao City was once a lush forest inhabited by Lumadic peoples such as the Bagobos and Matigsalugs, alongside other ethnic groups such as the Aeta, Maguindanaon and the Tausug. Davao River was then called Tagloc River by the Bagobos, Maguindanaons and Tausugs who then inhabited a settlement near the mouth of the river to the sea around what is now Bolton Riverside due immediately southwest of the city plaza. In 1543, Spanish explorers led by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos sailing around Mindanao deliberately avoided the area around Davao Gulf, then called Gulf of Tagloc, due to the danger posed by fleets of Moro warships operating in the area while surveying the southeastern coast of Mindanao for possible colonization, and as a result the Davao Gulf area remained virtually untouched by European explorers for the next three centuries.

Maguindanao era
A Maguindanaon Datu under the name Datu Bago was rewarded the territory of the surroundings of Davao Gulf by the Sultan of Maguindanao Sultanate for joining the campaign against the Spanish in the late 1700s. From his ancestral home in Maguindanao, he moved to the area in 1800 and, having convinced Bagobos and other native groups in the area to his side, conquered the entire Davao Gulf area. Having consolidated his position, he founded the fortress of Pinagurasan in what is now the site of Bangkerohan Public Market in 1830 which served as his capital. From being a fortification and base of operations from which Datu Bago could gather and rally his forces, the settlement of Pinagurasan eventually grew into a small city extending from present-day Generoso Bridge in Bangkerohan to Quezon Boulevard more than a kilometer down south, as Maguindanaons and Bagobos alike among other nearby tribes in the area flocked into the settlement, eventually becoming the main trade entrepot in the Davao Gulf area. With his immense overlordship of Davao Gulf, Datu Bago was eventually crowned Sultan by his subjects at his capital Pinagurasan in 1843, effectively making his realm virtually independent from the Sultanate of Maguindanao and is now itself a Sultanate that lords over Davao Gulf, now in equal standing with the Mindanaon Muslim kingdoms of Maguindanao and Sulu.

Spanish era
Although the Spaniards began to explore the Davao Gulf area as early as the 16th century, Spanish influence was negligible in the Davao region until 1842, when the Spanish Governor General of the Philippines Narciso Clavería ordered the colonization of the Davao Gulf region, including what is now Davao City, for the Spanish Crown. This came after the loss of their colonies in the Americas from 1820s to 1830s which gravely reduced their sources of revenue to the point that the royal government in Madrid could no longer continue to properly provide financial support to what remained of its worldwide colonies. Thus, it became more urgent for local officials in the colonies, including the Philippines, to find ways and means of expanding the revenues in running the colonies, primarily in terms of tribute extracted from the natives. It meant that for the first time, the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines was compelled to embark on a full-scale conquest of Mindanao in the hopes of increasing its coffers.

Davao Gulf seemed to be a tempting target among Spanish military circles based in Manila for its thriving maritime trade taking place there. Their initial forays began with their incursion on the village of Sigaboy in 1842, from which the local Spanish officials who recently landed there immediately demanded heavy tribute on the natives who then asked for Datu Bago's help in expelling the Spaniards, which he responded swiftly by sending a combined naval and land force in the area to defeat and drive out the Spanish force there. The Spanish, whom they saw Datu Bago as a mere pirate and brigand, didn't take the threat seriously for years despite the numerous defeats they have suffered under his hands until the burning of the Spanish trading vessel San Rufo, which carried a letter of friendship from Sultan Iskandar Qudaratullah Muhammad Zamal al-Azam of Maguindanao to Governor General Claveria, and its massacre of all its crew by seaborne corsairs under orders from Datu Bago himself in 1846. Incensed with the incident, the Spanish secured the consent from the Sultan of Maguindanao who finally disowned the Moros of Davao Gulf by using the incident as pretext for justification to conquer the area, thus official Spanish colonization of Davao Gulf finally began in earnest in April 1848 when an expedition of 70 men and women led by José Cruz de Uyanguren of Vergara, Spain, landed on the estuary of the Davao River the same month, intent on conquering Pinagurasan, the capital of Datu Bago's domain, in the hopes of permanently ending the menace posed on Spanish vessels by Moro raiders in Davao Gulf.

Being the strongest chieftain in the region, Datu Bago imposed heavy tribute on the Mandaya tribes nearby, therefore also making him the most loathed chieftain in the region. Cruz de Uyanguren has orders from the higher authorities in Manila to colonize the Davao Gulf region, which included the Bagobo settlement on the northern riverbank; in returned, he asked for the position of the governor of the conquered area and granted the monopoly of its commerce for ten years. At this juncture, a Mandaya chieftain named Datu Daupan, who then ruled Samal Island, came to him, seeking for an alliance against Datu Bago. The two chieftains were archrivals, and Cruz de Uyanguren took advantage of it, initiating an alliance between Spain and the Mandayas of Samal Island. Intent on taking the settlement for Spain, he and his men accordingly assaulted it, but the Bagobo natives fiercely resisted the attacks, which resulted in his Samal Mandaya allies to desert. Thus, a three-month long inconclusive battle for the possession of the settlement ensued which was only decided when an infantry company which sailed its way by warships from Zamboanga came in as reinforcements, thus ensuring the takeover of the settlement and its surroundings by the Spaniards while the defeated Bagobos fled further inland while Datu Bago and his followers fled north to Hijo where he would die two years later.

After Cruz de Oyanguren defeated Bago and conquered Pinagurasan, he founded the town of Nueva Vergara, the future Davao, in the mangrove swamps of what is now Bolton Riverside on June 29, 1848, in honor of his home in Spain and becoming its first governor. Pinagurasan was then incorporated into the new town. Almost two years later on February 29, 1850, the province of Nueva Guipúzcoa was established via a royal decree, with the newly founded town as the capital, once again to honor his homeland in Spain. When he was the governor of the province, however, his plans of fostering a positive economic sway on the region backfired, which resulted in his eventual replacement under orders of the colonial government.

The province of Nueva Guipuzcoa was dissolved on July 30, 1860, as it became the Politico-Military Commandery of Davao. By the clamor of its natives, a petition was given to the Spanish government to eventually rename Nueva Vergara into Davao, since they have called the town as the latter long from the time of its founding. It was eventually done in year 1867, and the town Nueva Vergara was officially given its present name Davao.

The Spanish control of the town was unstable at best, as its Lumad and Moro natives routinely resisted the attempts of the Spanish authorities to forcibly resettle them and convert them into Christians. Despite all these, however, such were all done in the goal of making the governance of the area easier, dividing the Christians both settlers and native converts and the Muslim Moros into several religion-based communities within the town.

During the Philippine Revolution
As the Philippine Revolution, having been fought for two years, neared its end in 1898, the expected departure of the Spanish authorities in Davao became apparent—although they took no part in the war at all, for there were no revolutionary figures in the vicinity save a negligible pro-Filipino separatist rebel movement in the town of Santa Cruz in the south. When the war finally ended, as the Spanish authorities finally left the town, two Davaoeño locals by the names of Pedro Layog and Jose M. Lerma represented the town and the region at the Malolos Congress of 1898, therefore indicating Davao as a part of the nascent First Philippine Republic.

The period of Filipino revolutionary control of Davao did not last long, however, as the Americans landed at the town later the same year. There was no record of locals offering any sort of resistance to the Americans.

American period

As the Americans began their administration of the town in 1900, economic opportunities quickly arose as huge swathes of its areas, mainly lush forests and fertile grasslands, were declared open for agricultural investment. A result of this, foreign businessmen especially Japanese entrepreneurs started settling the region, staking their claims on the vast lands of Davao and turned them into huge plantations of coconut and banana products. In just a short period, Davao changed from a small and sparsely-inhabited town into a bustling economic center serving mainly the Davao Gulf region, heavily populated alongside natives by tens of thousands of settlers and economic migrants from Luzon, Visayas and Japan. All of this led the Port of Davao to be established and opened the same year, in order to facilitate the international export of agricultural products from Davao.

Davao was incorporated as a part of Moro Province from 1903 to 1914. When the province was dissolved in 1914, it led to the establishment of Davao Province, with Davao town as its provincial capital. What is now the city's Legislative Council Building served as the provincial capitol. It was built in 1926, the same year the Davao Municipal Hall, now the City Hall, was constructed.

Because of the rapidly increasing progress of the town, on March 16, 1936, congressman Romualdo Quimpo from Davao filed Bill 609 (passed as Commonwealth Act 51), creating the City of Davao from the town of Davao and the municipal district of Guianga. The bill called for the appointment of local officials by the president. By that time, the new city was already mostly populated with Japanese businessmen and settlers who then became its locals. Davao was inaugurated as a charter city on October 16, 1936, by President Manuel L. Quezon; the charter came into effect on March 1, 1937. It was one of the first two towns in Mindanao to be converted into a city, the other being Zamboanga.

Second World War

On December 8, 1941, Japanese planes bombed the harbor, and from December 20 they landed forces and began an occupation of the city which lasted to 1945. Davao was among the earliest to be occupied by Japanese forces, and the city was immediately fortified as a bastion of Japanese defense. Under the brutal Japanese regime, girls, teenagers, and young adults were kidnapped by Japanese soldiers and were forced into becoming sex slaves under the oppressive "comfort women" system, where the victims were routinely gang-raped and killed. Korean and Taiwanese nationals were also brought by the Japanese to Davao and were forced into becoming sex slaves.

The city was subjected to extensive bombing by forces led by Douglas MacArthur before American forces landed in Leyte in October 1944. The Battle of Davao towards the end of World War II was one of the longest and bloodiest battles during the Philippine Liberation, and brought tremendous destruction to the city, setting back the economic and physical strides made before the Japanese occupation.

Postwar growth

Davao regained its status as the agricultural and economic hub of Mindanao after the war ended in 1945. Wood products such as plywood and timber, and More agricultural products being produced within the city, such as copra and other varieties of banana, became available for export. Some Japanese locals—80% percent of the city's population prior to the war's end—assimilated with the Filipino population, while others were expelled from the country by the Filipino locals, due to recent enmity.

Davao was peaceful and increasingly progressive in the postwar period, including the 1950s and the mid-1960s. Ethnic tensions were minimal, and there was essentially no presence of secessionists groups in Mindanao.

In 1967, the Province of Davao was divided into three provinces: Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental and Davao del Sur. The city of Davao became part of Davao del Sur; no longer the provincial capital, it became a commercial center of southern Mindanao. This period also saw the first ever election of an indigenous person to the office of Mayor of Davao City, when Elias Lopez, a full-blooded Bagobo, won the mayoral elections of 1967.

Social unrest, martial law, and the 1980s

Things began to take a turn for the worse late into Ferdinand Marcos' first presidential term, when news about the Jabidah massacre ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements. An economic crisis in late 1969 led to social unrest, and violent crackdowns on protests led to the radicalization of many students throughout the country. With no way to express their grievances about government abuses after the declaration of Martial law in 1972, many of them joined the New People's Army (NPA), bringing the Communist rebellion in the Philippines to Davao and the rest of Mindanao for the first time.

In the midst of this era, Davao became the regional capital of southern Mindanao; with the reorganization, it became the regional capital of the Davao Region (Region XI) and highly urbanized city in the province of Davao del Sur.

Meantime, violence in the city became severe as Mindanao became one of the hotbeds of the NPA insurgency. The NPA, too, had become responsible for numerous abuses. In 1985, locals formed the vigilante group "Alsa Masa" (People's Rise) to counter them.

Most Davao residents, however, remained staunchly against violence. This included the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Davao Antonio L. Mabutas, who was among the first religious leaders to peacefully speak out against the Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship. However, these peaceful citizens lacked the political clout to influence the situation much before 1983.

This only changed after the  economic crisis of 1983 and the assassination of Ninoy Aquino later that year, and the murder of prominent Davao City journalist Alex Orcullo at a checkpoint in Barangay Tigatto, Davao City on October 19, 1984. These seminal events prompted prominent city figures like Soledad Duterte to organize a protest group called the "Yellow Friday Movement", which slowly gained support until 1986, when Marcos was finally ousted and forced into exile.

Because the local leaders of the time were closely associated with Marcos, they were removed by the 1986 revolutionary government which took power after Marcos's ouster. President Corazon Aquino then appointed Soledad Duterte's son, Rodrigo Duterte, as temporary Vice Mayor of Davao. Rodrigo Duterte later ran for Mayor of Davao City and won, taking the top city office from 1988 to 1998, from 2001 to 2010, and yet again from 2013 to 2016, after which he became President of the Philippines.

Geography
Davao City is approximately  southeast of Manila over land, and  by sea. The city is located in southeastern Mindanao, on the northwestern shore of Davao Gulf, opposite Samal Island.

Barangay

Davao City politically subdivided into 182 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks  while some have sitios.

Topography

Davao City's land, totaling about , is hilly in the west (the Marilog district) and slopes down to the southeastern shore. Mount Apo, the highest peak in the Philippines, is located at the city's southwestern tip. Mount Apo National Park (the mountain and its surrounding vicinity), was inaugurated by President Manuel L. Quezon (in Proclamation 59 of May 8, 1936) to protect the flora and fauna of the surrounding mountain range.

The Davao River is the city's primary drainage channel. Draining an area of over , the  river begins in the town of San Fernando, Bukidnon. The mouth of the river is located at Barangay Bucana at Talomo District.

Climate
Davao has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af), with little seasonal variation in temperature. The areological mechanism of the Intertropical Convergence Zone occurs more often than that of the trade winds and because it experiences rare cyclones the climate is not purely equatorial but subequatorial. Average monthly temperatures are always above , and average monthly rainfall is above . This gives the city a tropical climate, without a true dry season; while there is significant rainfall in winter, the largest rainfall occurs during the summer months (see climate chart, below).

Flora and fauna
Mount Apo is home to many bird species, 111 of which are endemic to the area. It is also home to one of the world's largest eagles, the critically endangered Philippine eagle, the country's national bird. The Philippine Eagle Foundation is based near the city. Plant species include the orchid waling-waling, also known as the "Queen of Philippine Flowers" as well as one of the country's national flowers, which are also endemic to the area. Fruits such as mangosteen (known as the "queen of fruits") and durian (known as the "king of fruits"), grow abundantly on Mount Apo.

Geology
Despite Davao City's location in the Asian portion of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the city has suffered few earthquakes and most have been minor. Mount Apo,  southwest from the city proper, is a dormant volcano.

Demographics

As of 2020 census, the city has a total population of 1,776,949 people. Metro Davao, with the city as its center, had about 2.77 million inhabitants in 2015, making it the third-most-populous metropolitan area in the Philippines and the most-populous city in Mindanao. In the 1995 census, the city's population reached 1,006,840 inhabitants, becoming the first city in the Philippines outside Metro Manila and the fourth nationwide to exceed one million inhabitants. The city's population increase during the 20th century was due to massive immigration waves coming from other parts of the nation and the trend continues to this day.

Ethnicities

Residents of Davao City and the whole corresponding Davao Region are colloquially known as Davaoeños. Nearly all local Davaoeños, mostly descended from migrant settlers from Visayas in recent centuries and decades, are Visayans (the majority are Cebuanos, with the rest being Ilonggos (Hiligaynon speakers)) and the respective mestizos from those groups, while others of different ethnicities—especially the indigenous people, who are collectively categorized as Lumads—make up the remainder of the local population. The Davao City residents of non-Visayan ethnicity are mostly Tagalogs, Kapampangans, Ilocanos, and their respective mestizos from those groups, which are also descendants of migrant settlers from Luzon, particularly Metro Manila, Central Luzon, Calabarzon,  Ilocos Region, the Cordillera Administrative Region, and Cagayan Valley. The Moro ethnic groups of the city include the Maguindanaons, Maranaos, Iranuns, Tausugs and Sama-Bajaus. There are also historical and recent migrant Chinese Filipinos and Japanese Filipinos coming from other parts of the Philippines that have made sizable communities in Davao. Modern more recent migrants also include Indonesians, Malaysians, Chinese people (both from China and Taiwan), Japanese people, and Koreans, that have recently settled and made small communities in Davao City. Non-Asian foreigners, such as Americans and Europeans, are also present in the city in small numbers.

Languages
Cebuano is the most widely used casual language in the city and its satellite cities and towns, while Filipino (Tagalog) comes close as second most spoken casual language. English is the formal medium of instruction in schools and is widely understood by residents, who often use it in varying professional fields. Aside from the aforementioned languages, Chavacano Davaoeño and Hiligaynon are also spoken by a minority in addition to languages indigenous to the city, such as Giangan, Kalagan, Tagabawa, Matigsalug, Ata Manobo, and Obo. Other languages varyingly spoken as well in the city include Maguindanao, Maranao, Sama–Bajaw, Iranun, Tausug, Ilocano and Kapampangan. Philippine Hokkien and Japanese can also be heard privately spoken by Chinese Filipinos and Japanese Filipinos among their fellows in Davao, whereas Mandarin (Standard Chinese) and Japanese is also taught in Chinese class and Japanese class of Chinese Filipino schools and Japanese Nikkei Filipino schools.

A linguistic phenomenon has developed in the city whereby locals significantly mix Tagalog terms and grammar into their Cebuano Bisaya speech because of varying reasons such as, the normalcy of the older generations of Cebuano-speaking families speaking Tagalog to their children at home, some migrant settlers to the city are also from Luzon where Tagalog is mainstream, and the modern Filipino mass media is also mostly in Filipino (Tagalog) and Filipino class is also taught in schools in Davao, while Cebuano is spoken in other everyday settings, making Tagalog a secondary casual lingua franca.

Religion

The majority of Davao City's inhabitants are Roman Catholic Christians, forming 77% percent of the population. The next largest religious affiliation is Islam at 4%. Other Christian groups, such as the Iglesia ni Cristo, Jesus Miracle Crusade, Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch) and Kingdom of Jesus Christ, form eighteen percent of the city's religious background. The Seventh-day Adventist Church, the United Church of Christ in the Philippines, the Philippine Independent Church and the Baptists constitute the city's other Christian denominations. Some of the other faiths of the city are Sikhism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, animism and irreligion.

The Restorationist Church Kingdom of Jesus Christ had its origins in the city. Apollo Quiboloy, who claims to be the "Appointed Son of God", is the leader of the movement.

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Davao is the main metropolitan see of the Roman Catholic Church in southern Mindanao. It comprises the city of Davao, the Island Garden City of Samal and the municipality of Talaingod in Davao del Norte province; under its jurisdiction are the three suffragan dioceses of Digos, Tagum and Mati (the capital cities of the three Davao provinces). Archbishop Romulo Valles of the Archdiocese of Davao, appointed on February 11, 2012, by Pope Benedict XVI, took office on May 22, 2012, at San Pedro Cathedral. Saint Peter, locally known as San Pedro, is the patron saint of the city.

Economy

Davao is part of the East Asian Growth Area, a regional economic-cooperation initiative in Southeast Asia.

According to the foundation, the city has a projected average annual growth of 2.53 percent over a 15-year period; Davao was the only Philippine city to reach the top 100. As the largest city economy in Mindanao, Davao City also serves as the largest local economy in southern Philippines.

Industry
Agriculture remains the largest economic sector comprising banana, pineapple, coffee and coconut plantations in the city. It is the island's leading exporter of fruits such as mangoes, pomeloes, bananas, coconut products, pineapples, papayas, mangosteens and cacao.

The chocolate industry is the newest development in the city. Malagos Chocolate, developed here by Malagos Agriventures Corp., is now the country's leading artisan chocolate recognized worldwide. On the other hand, Seed Core Enterprises is the country's biggest exporter of cacao to Barry Callebaut. Durian which is locally grown and harvested in the city, is also a notable export, although banana is the largest fruit export in the city. Local corporations like Lorenzo Group, Anflo Group, AMS Group, Sarangani Agricultural Corp. and Vizcaya Plantations Inc. have operations and headquarters here. Multinational companies like Dole, Sumifru/Sumitomo and Del Monte have their regional headquarters here also.
Davao Gulf provides livelihood for many fishermen. Some of the fish products include yellow fin tuna, brackish water milkfish, mudfish, shrimp and crab. Most of the fish catches are discharged in the fishing port in Barangay Toril, which are then sold in the numerous markets within the city.

The city also serves as the main trade, commerce, and industry hub of Mindanao and is also one of the financial hubs of Mindanao. Phoenix Petroleum is a multinational oil company based in Davao City and is the first company in the Philippines-based outside Metro Manila to be in the PSE Composite Index. Several industrial plants such as those of Coca-Cola Bottlers, Phil., Pepsi-Cola Products, Phil., Interbev Phil Inc. and RC Cola Phil., companies are located in the city. There is also a number of fruit packaging-exporting facilities, and food manufacturing plants as well as industrial construction plants such as Holcim Philippines, Union Galvasteel Corporation, and SteelAsia. The SteelAsia plant is now the largest and most modern steel rolling mill production facility in the country, completed in December 2014 and was purposely built to increase the national steel production and to reduce the construction costs in Mindanao.

Commerce
BDO Network Bank (formerly One Network Bank) is based in Davao City and is the largest rural bank in the Philippines in terms of assets. Most of its branches are located in Mindanao (including 17 locations where it is the only financial-services provider). Government social-insurance agencies such as the Social Security System and Government Service Insurance System also have locations in the city.
There are several commercial areas in the city: the city's downtown area, also known as the city centre, Davao Chinatown (Uyanguren), Bajada, Lanang, Matina, Ecoland, Agdao, Buhangin, Tibungco, Toril, Mintal and Calinan, the latter three located at the southwestern part of the city.

There are many shopping centers that dot the city. Notable ones include: Gaisano Mall of Davao, which opened in April 1997, is the largest Gaisano Mall in the Philippines, Abreeza, which opened on May 12, 2011, is the first and largest Ayala Mall in Mindanao, and SM Lanang Premier which is the first SM Premier Mall in Mindanao. Other major malls in the city include NCCC Mall of Davao (now defunct), and SM City Ecoland, which is the first SM Mall in Mindanao among many others. NCCC Mall VP (formerly Victoria Plaza Mall), located on J.P. Laurel Ave., is the oldest shopping mall in the city, established in 1992. Felcris Centrale is a mixed use Retail Mall, supermarket, and IT office complex located along Quimpo Boulevard. Gaisano Mall of Toril, which is the second Gaisano Mall under the DSG Sons Group in the city, is a large shopping mall located in Toril District at the southern part of the city. Some minor malls/community malls include Gaisano Grand Tibungco, NCCC Panacan, NCCC Main Uyanguren, Gaisano Grand Calinan, Gaisano Grand Ilustre, and Gaisano Grand Toril. New malls have also opened its doors such as Gaisano Grand Citygate Mall, which is the fifth Gaisano Mall in the city under the Gaisano Grand Group, is a large shopping mall located at Buhangin District just a few kilometers north of the downtown area. NCCC Mall Buhangin, is the second NCCC Mall in the city which is also located in Buhangin District just beside Gaisano Grand Mall Buhangin; which is close to the upcoming first uphill condo development Camella Manors Frontera. CityMall Northtown Davao, is the first CityMall in the city which opened its doors to the public last March 30, 2023. It is located in a  lot within the vicinity of Northtown, a 116-hectare residential estate by the Alsons Dev. in Barangay Cabantian, Davao City. Vista Mall Davao, is the first Vista Mall in the city located at Camella Cerritos, Mintal, Davao City. Construction of new shopping malls in the city are currently underway. NCCC Mall Maa is a large shopping mall being constructed at the site of the now defunct NCCC Mall Davao located at the corner of Don Julian Rodriguez Avenue (Maa Road) and Mc Arthur Highway, Matina, Davao City. Sta. Lucia Mall Davao will be the first Sta. Lucia Mall in the Visayas and Mindanao which is currently under construction at Ponte Verde, C.P. Garcia Highway, Brgy. Communal, Davao City just opposite the Davao International Airport. DGT City Center is a mall currently under construction inside the Davao Global Township, a central business district which is being developed by Cebu Landmasters, Inc. in partnership with the Villa Abrille clan.

Culture and heritage

Foreign influence

As with most cities in the Philippines, Christianity is widespread as a result of Spanish colonialism. Christian churches and chapels dot the city's landscape. A small number of temples, mosques and other religions' places of worship may also be found around the city.

A notable tradition brought by the Spanish still celebrated today in Davao City is the celebration of the feast day of each of the barrios (villages) patron saints with a festival (fiesta). These are celebrated through song and dance.

The biggest celebration native to the city is the Kadayawan Festival in early to mid August which, in pre-colonial times was a celebration of the harvest. Today, it serves to commemorate the cultures of the indigenous tribes that inhabit the area surrounding Davao City. Many tribes people visit the city during this time. Festivities include native Mindanaoan street dances, motorcades featuring various clubs and social awareness groups based in the city and art exhibits in various locations featuring local artists and artisans.

The Davao Chinatown is the primary residence of the Chinese community in the city. It has its own seaport, the Santa Ana Wharf, which is also a part of Davao International Port.

Japanese cultural influence, like the Chinese, is also prominent in the city. The Japanese community was concentrated in Barangay Mintal in the District of Tugbok, Davao City. In fact, a Japanese cemetery and Japanese shrine is located there. Evidence of Japanese influence are still visible in Mintal. There are various Japanese-owned businesses in the city as well. Davao City is also home to Philippine Nikkei Jin Kai International School, a Japanese-administered educational institution.

Several foreign communities reside in the city, including Indonesians, Malaysians, Koreans and Indians. There are ESL schools for foreigners, and export-oriented industrial parks to entice Japanese and (South) Korean firms to set up shop in the city. However, there has been some cultural conflict over the integration of Koreans in the city, with then-city mayor Rodrigo Duterte complaining about their habit of smoking in public places.

Heritage
There are a number of cultural-heritage sites in the city, including the Davao Museum (in Insular Village, Lanang), the Mindanao Folk Arts Museum (Philippine Women's College, Juna Subdivision, Matina), Davaoeño Historical Society Museum (at Magallanes and Claveria Streets) and the Philippine-Japan Museum (Matsuo Compound, Calinan). Japanese historical sites include the Japanese Tunnel (used by Japanese forces during World War II), the 20th-century Japanese cemetery and the Furukawa Fiber Plant (used by Yoshizo Furukawa as an abacá and banana plantation).

Cuisine

The cuisine of Davao City features skewered and grilled meat dishes, but the most common dish served in the city is kinilaw, made from tuna, mackerel, or swordfish with cucumber (and sometimes radishes) and chili marinated in vinegar. Sinuglaw, a portmanteau of sinugba (grilled) and kinilaw in the Cebuano language, is also a term for a dish in which diced, grilled pork belly is mixed with kinilaw.

Fruit dishes, snacks, and desserts are also popular, most made from durian and bananas. Ginanggang is a banana dish that originated in this city and spread to other parts of the country; a banana is grilled, skewered, brushed with margarine and sprinkled with sugar. Durian also made appearance on Davao's culinary scene.

Tourism

The Philippine eagle, the country's national bird and considered the largest eagle in the world, is endemic to Davao. The orchid waling-waling and fruits such as durians, marang, rambutans, pomeloes and mangosteens are popular and generally cheaper in the city. Tourist destinations in the city include the Philippine Eagle Foundation and Nature Center, Mount Apo, Gap Farming Resort, the Davao Crocodile Park, Malagos Garden Resort, Eden Nature Park, and People's Park in the city center which is popular for its sculptures of indigenous people and dancing fountain. Samal Island, a part of Metro Davao, is an island city situated immediately off the city's coast in Davao Gulf, popularly known for its scenic beaches.

Two major annual festivals are held in the city: the Araw ng Dabaw (Day of Davao) on March 1 (The city's incorporation day) and the Kadayawan Festival in August. Also celebrated in the entire month of December, Pasko Fiesta sa Davao is an integration of festive and competitive Christmas activities showcasing colorful lightings and array of decorations in barangays, public parks, roads and buildings, and a series of competitive performances. Another annual festival, the Torotot Festival, is held annually every New Year's Eve. First organized in the last day of 2013 during the 2014 New Year's Eve, it was organized as a recompense for the city firecracker-pyrotechnics ban; it includes a number of people simultaneously blowing party horns, locally known as torotots. It recorded a number of 7,568 people participating in the first event, aiming to break the world record set by Japan for the most people simultaneously blowing party horns.

During 2011, there were 1,075,000 recorded tourist arrivals in the city, totaled from 81,081 foreign travelers, 983,315 local citizens, and 10,604 balikbayans/overseas Filipino workers. Estimated tourist receipts were recorded at 12.81 billion pesos while estimated economic benefits were 28.19 billion pesos.

Government

Davao City has 182 barangays, with three legislative districts. The city government of Davao is proposing two more congressional districts to serve its growing population.

Davao City Officials as of June 30, 2022:
Mayor: Sebastian "Baste" Z. Duterte (HNP)
Vice Mayor: J. Melchor B. Quitain Jr. (HTL)
Representatives:
1st District: Paolo "Pulong" Z. Duterte (NUP)
2nd District: Vincent J. Garcia (Lakas)
3rd District: Isidro T. Ungab (Lakas)
City Councilors:
1st District
Edgar "Kap" P. Ibuyan Jr. (HNP)
Luna Maria Dominique S. Acosta (HNP)
Jessica M. Bonguyan (Ind.)
Temujin "Tek" B. Ocampo (HNP)
Bernard "Bernie" E. Al-ag (HNP)
Bonz Andre A. Militar (HTL)
Pilar C. Braga (HTL)
Nilo M. Abellera Jr. (HNP)
2nd District
Richlyn "Che Che" N. Justol-Baguilod (HTL)
Augusto Javier "Javi" G. Campos III (HNP)
Louie John J. Bonguyan (HNP)
Dante L. Apostol (HTL)
Atty. Diosdado Angelo R. Mahipus Jr. (HTL)
Jonard C. Dayap (HNP)
Marissa S. Abella (HTL)
Al Ryan S. Alejandre (HTL)
3rd District
Alberto T. Ungab (HNP)
Wilberto "Nonoy" E. Al-ag (HTL)
Dr. Trisha Ann "Potpot" J. Villafuerte (HNP)
Myrna G. Dalodo-Ortiz (HNP)
Bai Hundra Cassandra Dominique "Sweet" N. Advincula (HTL)
Jesus Joseph "Cocoy" P. Zozobrado III (HNP)
Conrado "Conde" C. Baluran (HTL)
Lorenzo Benjamin "Enzo" D. Villafuerte (HNP)

Barangays

The 182 barangays of Davao City are arranged according to the 3 legislative districts and 11 administrative districts of the city.

Transportation

Land

Popular modes of public transportation in the city are multicabs, jeepneys, tricycles, buses and taxis. Multicabs and jeepneys ply 82 designated passenger-vehicle routes around the clock. Tricycles ply routes beyond the main streets of the city. Taxis have several routes in and around Davao City. In mountainous areas, the habal-habal passenger motorcycle is the main mode of transportation

The city has the first taxis in the Philippines to accept payments from BancNet and MegaLink ATM and debit cards. The black taxis are linked to the Global Positioning System (GPS), and dispatching is done by computer.

The city offers a wide bus network to cities and provinces in Mindanao and as far as Pasay in Luzon, and Tagbilaran, Ormoc and Tacloban in the Visayas. The city is accessible by bus from several points in Mindanao such as Cotabato, Kidapawan, General Santos, Digos, Koronadal, Isulan, Tagum, Tandag, Bislig, Malaybalay, Valencia, Mati, Monkayo, Malita, Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Marawi, Butuan, and Surigao .

Construction and improvement of roads and bridges in the city are underway. The city's third major road, the Buhangin Underpass, was completed in the first quarter of 2003. The Traffic Management and Computerization Scheme was implemented, considered one of the most modern in the country.

A  monorail project, named the Davao People Mover, has been endorsed by the City Government to the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and Philippine National Railways (PNR).

A road project, expected to end by 2022, is aiming to reduce travel time from 1 hour and 44 minutes via Pan-Philippine Highway and Diversion Road to 49 minutes via Davao By–pass road.

The Davao City Coastal Road is intended to provide an alternative route to the Pan-Philippine Highway in the southern part of the city, which has been experiencing heavy traffic congestion. It will also serve as a costal shore protection and breakwater.

Davao Public Transport Modernization Project
Formerly known as the High Priority Bus System (HPBS), it includes the development of improved public transport operations that will cover the full urban area of the city. The project will overhaul the outdated services that provide a poor level of service in terms of coverage area, hours of operation, and passenger comfort and facilities. The project will introduce a city-wide bus-based public transport operating system, with improved and modern franchising mechanisms that ensure supply meets demand. This will be supported through traffic management improvements to prioritize bus services along a core network of around 110 kilometers (km).

The project involves delivering a modern, high-priority bus system for Metro Davao, wherein interconnected bus services will be prioritized along various inter-city routes. It will include 1,000 buses and 1,000 bus stops spread out in Davao City. Of the 1,000 buses, 300 will be electric articulated buses, 500 will be regular 12-meter buses, and 200 will be the smaller nine-meter buses. It has an allocated budget of ₱80 Billion

Sea

Davao is connected to other major cities of the Philippines by roll-on/roll-off inter-island ferries. The city is served by domestic passenger ferries at Sasa International Seaport and Santa Ana Wharf, the international seaports of the Port of Davao, the busiest port in Mindanao. The port is capable of servicing inter-island and international shipments. It is located in Davao Gulf and has two approaches, one at Pakiputan Strait between Davao and western Samal Island.

The Davao City and General Santos to Bitung, Indonesia sea connectivity route has also had just been started very recently. This route will enable traders from Mindanao to easily export goods and commodities like food and beverage, electronics and garments, beauty products, fertilizer, construction materials, agricultural inputs, tin cans and packaging materials up to North Sulawesi in Indonesia. The roll-on-roll-off (Ro-Ro) shipping service which will serve the route is Asian Marine Transport, a Philippine-registered shipping firm and operator of the Super Shuttle Ferry, Super Shuttle Roro, and Shuttle Fast Ferry vessels.

Air

Located north of the city center, Francisco Bangoy International Airport is the main airport serving the city and the region. It is also the main international airport in Mindanao. Around 1966, Philippine Airlines (PAL), the country's flag carrier, began its first domestic jet service in the city. Since 2019, the airport has handled flights to 5 international destinations: Quanzhou, Manado, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Doha.

Utilities
Davao Light and Power Company, an Aboitiz company which is the third-largest electric utility company in the country, serves the city's electricity needs. It had its own gas-operating power plant at Bajada district and 300-megawatt coal-fired power plant in Toril district.

Davao City Water District is the main water supplier in the city. It obtains its water supply from the mountain springs in the city's western portion as well as from underground or surface water sources. The city's water supply runs through the company's production wells, sumps and reservoirs within the city. Its biggest water supply system is located at Barangay Dumoy.

Healthcare
There are 31 hospitals and tertiary centers in the city like the Davao Doctors Hospital, San Pedro Hospital, Brokenshire Medical Center, Ricardo Limso Medical Center, Davao Medical School Foundation Hospital (DMSF Hospital), Metro Davao Medical and Research Center, Adventist Hospital, MMG Hospital, CHDC Hospital and the Southern Philippines Medical Center. In addition, CURE International, a non-profit organization that operates charitable hospitals and programs worldwide, operates the Tebow CURE Hospital, which is an orthopedic specialty hospital located in Davao City. It provides elective surgeries to both children and adults. Their primary charitable mission is to heal disabled children with conditions such as clubfoot, bowed legs, other bone deformities, untreated burns and cleft lip.

Davao City is also noted and have been praised by the World Health Organization for its smoke-free policy since 2002, the first in the Philippines.

Law and order
Law and order is maintained by the Philippine National Police and a special military group, Task Force (TF) Davao. TF Davao is formed to protect the city from terrorist attacks and other crime and is affiliated with the Philippine Army and headed by an army colonel.

A curfew on minors is enforced. All businesses, especially bars and discos, are mandated by a city ordinance to stop selling alcoholic drinks at 1:00 am (final approval last July 24, 2013). Motorcyclists without helmets and motorists with defective lights are not legally allowed to enter (or drive in) the city. Executive Order No. 39 imposes the reduction of speed limits for all kinds of motor vehicles within the territorial jurisdiction of Davao City.

Former President Rodrigo Duterte, mayor of Davao for 22 years, has been credited with making Davao one of the world's safest cities. Rights groups, however, claim that he cites this as justification for his national drug policy. Raw crime data from the Philippine National Police for the years 2010 to 2015 shows that the city had the highest murder rate in the Philippines, and the second-highest number of rapes.

In February 2018, the Davao City Council officially declared Senator Antonio Trillanes "persona non grata" after Trillanes portrayed the city as the most dangerous in the Philippines and likening Dabawenyos to North Koreans who are easily brainwashed by President Rodrigo Duterte. "Safest city" rankings are often cited from Numbeo, a crowd-sourced survey website; as of February 2018, Davao had dropped to 275th out of 330 cities in Numbeo's "crime index".

The Public Safety and Security Command Center (PSSCC), the first in the Philippines, is located in Sandawa, Matina. It is headquarters for 911 and the center for the 170 closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras installed in different strategic areas as of today covering access roads and populated downtown areas, and also including outside the Francisco Bangoy International Airport and six in different bridges to monitor the rise of water level in the city's rivers. The center also controls traffic signals in the city.

In Davao City, by city ordinance, police ensure that prostitutes have a valid health card, but do not arrest them, as prostitution is considered a health issue for the women involved and is not a police matter. Jeanette Ampog, the executive director of Talikala, a Davao-based NGO that helps prostitutes, said in October 2016 that child prostitution had sharply increased over the past two years. She said that children were cheaper and more marketable. Nevertheless, the city was awarded "Most Child-Friendly City for Highly-Urbanized Category" in 2013, 2014 and 2017. The city also won the same award in 1998 and 1999. Also in 2017, the city was awarded with the "Best Disaster Risk Reduction and Management".

The city's Executive Order No. 04, Series of 2013 imposes an order on creating the implementation of rules and regulations for the new comprehensive anti-smoking ordinance no. 0367–12, Series of 2012. Davao City's Firecracker Ban was also implemented with ordinance No. 060-02/1406-02, Series of 2002.

From 2015 to 2017, Davao City was among the local government units awarded with a "Seal of Good Local Governance" by the Department of the Interior and Local Government.

Davao Death Squad

The controversial Davao Death Squad is a vigilante group supposedly active in Davao City. The group is allegedly responsible for summary executions of street children and individuals suspected of petty crimes and dealing in drugs in Davao. It has been estimated that the group is responsible for the killing or disappearance of between 1,020 and 1,040 people between 1998 and 2008. An investigation in 2009 was later discontinued. Another investigation by the Office of the Ombudsman was opened and closed in 2019, stating that they found no evidence that the alleged group exists.

Sports

Sports facilities in the city include the Davao City Recreation Center (Almendras Gymnasium), Tionko Football Field (near Agro College and the Davao River) and the gymnasiums of Ateneo de Davao University, Philippine Women's College of Davao's Rosa Santos Munda Events Center (RSM Events Center), the University of Southeastern Philippines, Holy Cross of Davao College, the University of Mindanao, and Mintal Comprehensive High School. The main sports center of Davao City and also the largest is the Davao City Sports Complex, which hosted the 2019 National Games.

There are locally based sports teams in the city. Davao Football Association, working under the Philippine Football Federation, represents the city and Davao Region for national football events. Locally based basketball teams such as Goldstar Davao and Duterte Agilas work for the Mindanao Visayas Basketball Association. Collegiate varsity teams based in the tertiary institutions inside the city also compete in national competitions.

Sabong or cockfighting events are also held in cockfighting arenas within the city. In June 2015, the city held the country's largest cockfighting event, the sixth Annual Thunderbird Challenge.

Education

The city government provides free education at the primary (grade school) and secondary (high school) levels at public institutions. Currently, as sanctioned by the Department of Education, all primary and secondary institutions in the city use the K-12 educational system. The city currently hosts five universities.

Media

National media networks such as ABS-CBN of (ABS-CBN RNG)'s First Siblings Mindanao Station under Southern Mindanao was Currently Shutdown and off the air was ordered by
National Telecommunications Commission under Ceased Operation last May 5, 2020, GMA Network under "GMA Regional TV"'s Mindanaoan Widest of Southern Central Western and Northern Mindanao Station, TV5, PTV, IBC, and CNN Philippines maintain local stations in the city. The broadcast coverage of these media stations includes all of Davao Region as well as some areas beyond the region.

There are media networks based in the city as well. Davao Christian Broadcasting Channel and Sonshine Media Network International are two religion-oriented media networks, with the latter being owned by Pastor Apollo C. Quiboloy of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ church. The locally based community network SouthSpot broadcasts only on cable television.

In addition to 34 national newspapers, Davao City has 26 local daily newspapers, including the SunStar Davao, the city-based Mindanao Times, and the Mindanao Examiner.

Radio Stations

FM Stations
Davao City Disaster Radio 87.5 (Philippine Broadcasting Service)
87.9 FM1 Davao (Philippine Broadcasting Service)
88.3 Energy FM (Ultrasonic Broadcasting System)
Magic 89.1 (Quest Broadcasting, Inc.)
89.9 Spirit FM (Catholic Media Network)
90.7 Love Radio (Manila Broadcasting Company)
91.5 Brigada News FM (Brigada Mass Media Corporation/Primax Broadcasting Network)
92.3 Wild FM (UM Broadcasting Network)
93.1 Q Radio (Mareco Broadcasting Network)
93.9 iFM (Radio Mindanao Network)
94.7 Power Radio Davao (Rizal Memorial Colleges Broadcasting Corporation)
Retro 95.5 (UM Broadcasting Network)
96.3 Star FM (Bombo Radyo Philippines/People's Broadcasting Service, Inc.)
97.1 Halo Halo Radio (Viva Live)
97.9 XFM (Southern Broadcasting Network/Yes2Health Advertising, Inc.)
98.7 Home Radio (Aliw Broadcasting Corporation)
Monster Radio BT 99.5 (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.)
RJFM 100.3 (Rajah Broadcasting Network) (Relay Station of RJFM 100.3 Manila)
The Anchor 101.1 (Berean Bible Baptist Church of Ecoland)
Radyo5 101.9 News FM (Nation Broadcasting Corporation/TV5 Network Inc.)
102.7 Mango Radio (RT Broadcast Specialist)
Barangay 103.5 (GMA Network, Inc.)
104.3 Hope Radio (Hope Channel Philippines)
105.1 Easy Rock (Manila Broadcasting Company/Cebu Broadcasting Company)
107.5 Win Radio (Progressive Broadcasting Corporation)

AM Stations
DXMF Bombo Radio Davao 576 (Bombo Radyo Philippines/People's Broadcasting Service, Inc.)
DXDC RMN Davao 621 (Radio Mindanao Network)
DXRP Radyo Pilipinas Davao 675 (Philippine Broadcasting Service)
DXRD Sonshine Radio 711 Davao (Sonshine Media Network International)
DXRA 783 Radyo ni Juan (Rizal Memorial Colleges Broadcasting Corporation)
DXUM 819 News and Public Affairs (UM Broadcasting Network)
DXGO Aksyon Radyo Davao 855 (Manila Broadcasting Company)
DXOW Radyo Asenso 981 (Radio Corporation of the Philippines)
DXRR 1017 Radyo Rapido (Kalayaan Broadcasting System, Inc.)
GMA Super Radyo DXGM 1125 (GMA Network, Inc.)
1197 DXFE (Far East Broadcasting Company)
DXED Radyo Agila 1224 (Eagle Broadcasting Corporation)
DZRH Davao 1260 (Manila Broadcasting Company)
DXAB Radyo Patrol 1296 (ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation) (Defunct)

TV Stations
TV5 Channel 2 (TV5 Network, Inc.) (also on DTT Channel 18)
ABS-CBN Channel 4 (ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation) (Defunct)
GMA Channel 5 (GMA Network, Inc.) (also on DTT Channel 37)
Solar Learning Channel 7 (Southern Broadcasting Network) (also on DTT Channel 21)
RPN Channel 9 (Radio Philippines Network) (also on DTT Channel 24)
PTV Channel 11 (People's Television Network) (also on DTT Channel 45)
IBC Channel 13 (Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation) (also on DTT Channel 17)
RPN/CNN Philippines Channel-19 (Nine Media Corporation) (also on DTT Channel 25)
A2Z Channel 20 (ZOE Broadcasting Network and ABS-CBN Corporation) (DTT Channel 20)
S+A Channel 21 (ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation) (Defunct)
RJTV Channel 23 (Rajah Broadcasting Network)
Hope Channel Philippines Channel 25 (Hope Channel Philippines) (soon on DTT)
GTV Channel 27 (GMA Network, Inc.)
One Sports Channel 29 (TV5 Network, Inc./Nation Broadcasting Corporation)
BEAM TV-33 (Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media) (also on DTT Channel 31)
DZRH News Television Channel 33 (Manila Broadcasting Company) (also on DTT Channel 33)
Net 25 Channel 39 (Eagle Broadcasting Corporation) (also on DTT Channel 39)
GNN Channel 41 (Golden Nation Network) (also on DTT Channel 41)
Sonshine TV-43 (Sonshine Media Network International) (also on DTT Channel 19)

Cable TV Providers
Sky Cable Davao
Davao Cableworld Network
Bongao Cable TV
Cignal TV
G Sat Direct TV

Foreign relations
The influx of foreign visitors and the presence of expatriates and migrants in the city have prompted the governments of Japan, China, Malaysia, and Indonesia to open Consulates-General in the city, while Palau and the United States have consular offices. Honorary consulates of the Czech Republic, Mexico, Austria, Spain, Timor Leste, Denmark, and South Korea were also recently established. The United States Embassy in the Philippines opened a virtual consulate, where inquiries regarding visas, foreign-relations concerns and travel to the United States can be made by e-mail and chat. The virtual consulate is maintained in coordination with Ateneo de Davao University, University of Mindanao, University of the Immaculate Conception, Holy Cross of Davao College and AMA Computer College.

Twin towns – sister cities
Davao City's sister cities are:

  Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
  Jinjiang, Fujian, China
  Kauai County, Hawaii, United States
  Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
  Nanning, Guangxi, China
  Tacoma, Washington, United States
  Sennan, Osaka, Japan

Cooperation and friendship
  Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
  Incheon, South Korea
  Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan ("environmental sister city")

Domestic cooperation
Within Philippines, Davao City cooperates with:

Angeles City
Basud
Cabanatuan
Cebu City
Mandaue
Lapu-Lapu City
Dapitan
Iloilo City
Liloan
Marikina
Quezon City
San Jose del Monte
San Juan
Zamboanga City

Notable personalities

 Dennis Uy, businessman magnate, diplomat
Sebastian Duterte, 33rd Mayor of Davao City.
Law Maker
 Isidro Ungab, filipino congressman
Mans Carpio, lawyer, second  gentleman of the Philippines.
Karlo Nograles, lawyer.

See also
 KJC King Dome
 Francisco Bangoy International Airport
 Tallest buildings in Davao City

References

External links

   Davao City Profile at the DTI Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index
 [ Philippine Standard Geographic Code]

1848 establishments in the Philippines
Cities in Davao del Sur
Former provincial capitals of the Philippines
Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines
Populated coastal places in the Philippines
Populated places established in 1848
Port cities and towns in the Philippines

Davao City


Christina Rahm (1763–1837) was a Swedish opera singer and a stage actress.  She was active in the Stenborg Company at the Eriksberg Theatre in Stockholm in 1780-84 and at the Stenborg Theatre in 1784-99, and thereafter in travelling theatres.  In 1785, she became the first Swedish artist to play Rosina in The Barber of Seville.

Life

Christina Rahm arrived in Stockholm in 1782 as the spouse of the wigmaker of the Royal Swedish Opera, Jacob Rahm.  She was engaged by Carl Stenborg of the Stenborg Company the same year, which was housed in the Eriksberg Theatre until 1784 and then at the Stenborg Theatre.

The Stenborg theater was a very popular theater normally frequented by the public in Stockholm rather than the upper classes, and where Rahm was to become a celebrated prima donna.  As she was both an opera singer and a dramatic actress, she could act in both opera performances and theater plays, and was described as "one of the theatre's most useful actresses."  She was described as a good singer and was often given main parts when the theater offered opera and other lyrical performances.  Several benefit performances were given to Christina Rahm, illustrating her status as one of the theater's most valuable members.

She was often used in the role of soubrette. On 11 December 1785, she was the first Swedish artist to play Rosina in The Barber of Seville. She is noted to have played the role pregnant with her daughter: she had five children.

After the 1798-99 season, the Stenborg theater was closed after the introduction of the Stockholm monopoly of the royal theaters.  Rahm toured with the travelling theatre of Johan Anton Lindqvist, where she performed in Gothenburg.  In 1800, her husband died in poverty. In 1804–09, she was active as a member in the travelling theatre of Carl Stenborg, and as such performed in Linköping, Karlskrona Kalmar and Gothenburg.

Roles
Among her parts were Jenny in Kungen och skogvaktaren (The king and the gamekeeper), Lisbet in Njugg spar, Orphale in Alexander den Store (Alexander the Great) (1784), Catau in Julie (1786), Rosalie in  (The deceived deceiver) (1788), baron Birkwitz in Greven av Oldsbach (The Count of Oldsbach) (1790), the abbess in The Magic Flute (1794), and Genevieve in Richard Coeur-de-lion by Michel-Jean Sedaine (1795).

When the playwright  launched his play Det besynnerliga spektaklet (The odd spectacle) (1790), as an after-play to Greven av Oldsbach (The Count of Oldsbach) by Brandes translated by Björn, the artists of the theatre were to thank the audience for their support in the guise of their most popular role characters. Björn performed as himself: Magnus Bonn as Mäster Sock in Skomakaren (The Shoemaker), Anders Lundberg as Hyrkusken (The Coachman) in Engelsmannen i Paris (An Englishman in Paris) by Auguste-Louis Bertin d'Antilly, Johan Petter Lindskog as Bartholo and Bazile in The Barber of Seville, Jonas Sundman as Jonas in Mäklaren (The Broker), Carl Schylander as Mor Bobi and dansmästare Rigadoun, Johanna Löfblad as Gertrud in Njugg spar (The stingy saver), Brita Maria Modéer as the maid in Den obetänksamma (The Thoughtless one), Christina Rahm as Anna Stina in Mascarade by Holberg, Lisette Stenberg as Lady Alton in Skottländskan (The Scottish Woman) by Voltaire, Margareta Sofia Lagerqvist as Anette in Anette and Lubin by Charles Dibdin, and Eva Säfström as Trädgårdsflickan (The gardener girl) in Sophie.

References

  En lång teaterkarriär, Släkhistoriskt Forum, 2004
 Johan Flodmark: Stenborgska skådebanorna: bidrag till Stockholms teaterhistoria, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1893

Further reading

Swedish operatic sopranos
1763 births
18th-century Swedish actresses
1837 deaths
18th-century Swedish women opera singers
Gustavian era people

Christina Rahm


Edward John White (8 December 1831 – 2 August 1913) was an English-born meteorologist and astronomer,  president of the Royal Society of Victoria in 1902.

White was born in Bristol, England. From approximately 1853 to 160 he worked the Bendigo goldfields. He was acting Victorian Government Astronomer 1875-76 and an assistant to Robert L. J. Ellery at the Melbourne Observatory 1860 to 1892.

White was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Victoria (president 1902) and a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society

Publications
Remarks on some new tables for finding height by the barometer. Royal Society of Victoria. Proceedings., 2 (1889), 68-77.
Monthly record of results of observations in meteorological, terrestrial magnetism, etc. etc., taken at the Melbourne Observatory during... together with abstracts from meteorological observations obtained at various localities in Victoria. (Compilation of monthly reports, May 1875-March 1876). Melbourne: Government Printer, 1875-76.

References
White, Edward John (1831 - 1913) at Bright Sparcs, University of Melbourne
WHITE, Edward John at Physics in Australia to 1945, Bright Sparcs

1831 births
1913 deaths
Meteorologists from Melbourne
19th-century Australian astronomers
Australian meteorologists
Australian people of English descent

Edward John White


Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis is a 1982 radical feminist anthology edited by Robin Ruth Linden, Darlene R. Pagano, Diana E. H. Russell, and Susan Leigh Star. The authors critique sadomasochism and BDSM, with most identifying sadomasochism as rooted in "patriarchal sexual ideology".

Summary
The compilation includes essays by a variety of radical feminists such as Alice Walker, Robin Morgan, Kathleen Barry, Diana E. H. Russell, Susan Leigh Star, Ti-Grace Atkinson, John Stoltenberg, Sarah Lucia Hoagland, Darlene Pagano, Susan Griffin, Cheri Lesh, and Judith Butler. Butler, credited as "Judy Butler", criticizes Samois in her essay "Lesbian S&M: The Politics of Dis-Illusion". Several other essays in the anthology also criticize it. The anthology also includes an interview between Audre Lorde and Susan Leigh Star. The essays express opposition to sadomasochism from a number of different viewpoints. Three pieces, a letter by Alice Walker, the interview with Audre Lorde, and a conversation between Karen Sims, Darlene Pagano, and Rose Mason, criticize the movement as insensitive to the experiences of black women, particularly criticizing "master/slave" relationships. Susan Leigh Star criticizes the use of swastikas and other Nazi imagery by some BDSM practitioners as anti-Semitic and racist. Marissa Jonel and Elizabeth Harris's articles are accounts of personal experiences with sadomasochism, and Paula Tiklicorect and Melissa Bay Mathis use satire in their pieces. Susan Griffin's article, reprinted from her book Pornography and Silence with an introduction, criticizes Story of O, the book from which Samois took their name. Griffin argues that Story of O shows "how a pornographic society turns a woman's heart against herself".

Reception
In a review for lesbian feminist magazine Off Our Backs, Carol Anne Douglas highly recommended the book, praising its arguments as convincing and calling parts of the book "moving". Charles Moser wrote a negative review for The Journal of Sex Research, admitting that the essays are "well-written" but nonetheless calling the book "infuriating". Moser compares the feminist arguments against sadomasochism in the book to religious arguments against homosexuality, saying both of these cause unnecessary guilt.

See also
 Feminist views on BDSM

References

1982 non-fiction books
American anthologies
American non-fiction books
BDSM literature
English-language books
Feminist criticism of BDSM
Radical feminist books

Against Sadomasochism


Bear Archery is a manufacturer and marketer of bows and archery equipment located in Gainesville, Florida, owned by Escalade Sports.

History

The company was founded in 1933 as the Bear Products Company in Detroit by Fred Bear and Charles Piper. The initial focus was on silk-screening and advertising support work for automotive companies.

In 1938 Fred Bear hired Nels Grumley, a woodworker and bowyer, and the company expanded to offer hand-made bows.

Fred Bear sold the advertising side of the Bear Products Company in 1940. The archery business was named Bear Archery.

In 1947 the company moved to a new facility in Grayling, Michigan. The Grayling plant focused on making and marketing recurve bows and longbows in a growing archery market. Bow manufacturing changed from hand-made bows to mass production using fiberglass and other modern materials.

Fred Bear sold the company to Victor Comptometer in 1968, but remained the president of Bear Archery. The company was not one of the first compound bow manufacturers, but eventually found success with early models like the Whitetail Hunter.

Bear Archery moved manufacturing from Michigan to Gainesville, Florida in 1978.

Over the next three decades Bear Archery changed hands in a series of mergers, acquisitions, and spin-offs from Victor Comptometer to Walter Kidde & Co, Hanson PLC, U.S. Industries, Fenway Partners and the North American Archery Group.

In 2003 Escalade Sports acquired the North American Archery Group and currently does business as Bear Archery Inc.

References

External links

Further reading

Archery
Manufacturing companies established in 1933
Companies based in Gainesville, Florida
1933 establishments in Michigan

Bear Archery


The Dora Mavor Moore Awards (also known as the Dora Awards or the Doras) are awards presented annually by the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), honouring theatre, dance and opera productions in Toronto. Named after Dora Mavor Moore, who helped establish Canadian professional theatre, the awards program was established on December 13, 1978, with the first awards held in 1980. Each winner receives a bronze statue made from the original by John Romano.

Awards

Awards are given in major divisions: General Theatre (Drama/Comedy/Play, budget over $100,000 and over 150 seats), Musical Theatre (Musical/Revue/Cabaret), Independent Theatre (budget under $100,000 and/or under 150 seats), Dance, Opera, Theatre for Young Audiences, and Touring. Each of these major categories is further sub-divided in an assorted number of awards. In 2018, the awards announced that beginning with the 2019 awards, it would discontinue gender-based performance categories, replacing its previous performance categories for men and women with "Outstanding Performance" categories.

Ancillary awards
In association with the Dora Awards, several ancillary awards are also administered and presented by TAPA.

Although the Doras were cancelled in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada shutting down theatre production in the 2020-21 season, ancillary awards were still presented that year as they are presented for the recipient's overall body of work rather than for specific shows within an eligibility period.

Pauline McGibbon Award
This award was established in 1981 in honour of former Lieutenant Governor of Ontario Pauline McGibbon. The winner is announced at the Dora Mavor Moore Award ceremony.  This award is "Intended to assist a member of Ontario's theatre community who has displayed a unique talent, a potential for excellence and who is in the early stages of his or her career." The Award recipient moves in a three-year cycle, rotating through individuals working as a director, a production craft person and a designer respectively. Each award winner receives $7,000 and a medal designed by Dora de Pedry Hunt.

Barbara Hamilton Award
Established in 1996 in recognition of Barbara Hamilton, this $1,000 prize, administered by the City of Toronto, is awarded to an individual who has "demonstrated excellence and professionalism in the performing arts." The winner of this award is announced during the press conference presenting the season's Dora Award nominees. Along with the cash prize, recipients also receive a scroll from the city of Toronto. Past winners include John Neville, Karen Kain, and Colin Mochrie

George Luscombe Award
Named for George Luscombe, founder and artistic director for 27 years of the Toronto Workshop Productions, this award is presented to an individual who has shown great mentorship in the realm of theatre. This award was first presented in 1999, and the recipient receives a framed print by artist Theo Dimson. The winner of this award is announced during the press conference announcing the Dora Award nominees.

Audience Choice Award
The Audience Choice Award was inaugurated in 2006 at the 27th Annual Dora Mavor Moore Awards. Presented by the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), the Audience Choice Award for Outstanding Production is sponsored by Now Magazine Toronto and Yonge-Dundas Square. Facilitated and sponsored by Now Magazine, the public was invited to vote online for a winner from the list of nominees in the General Theatre (Play and Musical), Independent Theatre, Opera and Theatre for Young Audiences Divisions; and Outstanding New Choreography in the Dance Division, or choose their show. The winner is announced at the Dora Awards ceremony and presented with a commemorative plaque.

Silver Ticket Award
Beginning in 1980, TAPA began presenting the silver ticket award to "an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the Toronto stage and the development of Canadian Theatre". Nominees for the award are submitted from individuals from the general performing arts community, and a committee composed of previous Silver Ticket winners. Along with the award, the winning individual is entitled to two free tickets, for life, to any production performed by a company belonging to the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts.

Awards and nominations for Outstanding Touring Production

The Dora Mavor Moore 'Award for Outstanding Touring Production' was an annual award celebrating achievements in live Canadian theatre:

 2011: The Andersen Project - Canadian Stage presents Ex Machina
 Studies in Motion - The Hauntings of Eadweard Muybridge - Canadian Stage presents the Electric Company Theatre
 South Pacific - Dancap Productions Inc.
 L'Orchestre D'Hommes - Orchestres Performs Tom Waits - The Theatre Centre
 Jake's Gift - Factory Theatre presents Juno Productions

 2012: Ride the Cyclone - Theatre Passe Muraille and Acting Up Stage Company
 Next to Normal - David Stone, James L. Nederlander, Barbara Whitman, Patrick Catullo, Second Stage Theatre, Carole Rothman, Ellen Richard Presented by Dancap Inc.
 How to Disappear Completely - Factory Theatre presents The Chop Theatre
 The Shipment - Harbourfront Centre's World Stage presents Young Jean Lee's Theater Company
 La Liste (The List) - Théâtre français de Toronto presents a Théâtre d'Aujourd'hui

Past winners
Past winners have included Salome Bey, Kawa Ada, John Alcorn, BirdLand Theatre, Michel Marc Bouchard, Valerie Buhagiar, Ronnie Burkett, Caroline Cave, Waawaate Fobister, Paul-André Fortier, David Hersey, Tomson Highway, Christopher House, Stuart Hughes, John Krizanc, Daniel MacIvor, Manitoba Theatre for Young People, Diego Matamoros, Neil Munro, Julian Richings, Roseneath Theatre, Tyley Ross, Djanet Sears, Denis Simpson, Michel Tremblay and Jonathan Wilson.

In 2005, arts patron and philanthropist Bluma Appel received an Honorary Dora Award.

See  also
 Floyd S. Chalmers Canadian Play Award
 Jessie Richardson Theatre Award
 Elizabeth Sterling Haynes Award

References

External links
 Official site
 Dora Awards Eligibility Requirement
 Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts - Doras

Awards established in 1978
1978 establishments in Canada
Canadian theatre awards

Dora Mavor Moore Awards


Cuttlebone is a hard brittle structure found inside cuttlefish. Like seashells, the cuttlebone is made of calcium carbonate. The cuttlebone is special as it is covered with tiny holes that the cuttlefish can fill with water or air. This allows the cuttlefish to control its ability to float or sink in water. In the past, cuttlebones were used to make polishing powder. This power was then added to toothpaste to make it look white. Today, cuttlebone is mainly used for caged birds and turtles in their habitats, so they get their calcium easily and fast.

Animal anatomy
Cephalopods

Cuttlebone


Ardozyga aeolopis is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.

The wingspan is about . The forewings are pale greyish-ochreous, irrorated with dark fuscous and with five costal spots of blackish irroration (speckles) from the base to beyond three-fourths and three clear discal patches of whitish suffusion surrounded with pale ochreous at one-third, two-thirds, and four-fifths, the first and second followed by blackish spots on the fold, the second and third connected in the disc by an elongate blackish mark. There is a blackish dorsal mark towards the base and an irregular streak of blackish suffusion along the termen. The hindwings are dark fuscous, with an irregular transparent patch towards the base.

References

Ardozyga
Moths described in 1904
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Moths of Australia

Ardozyga aeolopis


Boaz Sharabi (; born 28 May 1947) is an Israeli singer-songwriter, composer and lyricist, known for Israeli classics as Latet, Halevai, At Li Laila, Pamela, Lashir Itach, Kol Od, Mi Yada Shekach Yihiyeh, K'Shetavo (written for Ron Arad), Im at Adain Ohevet Oti and Etzli Hakol Beseder.

Many of his songs are acoustic rock, andalusian chords, soul music and oud type songs, blended with Israeli folk, Judeo-Yemenite and Pop overtones.  He has included the recitation of poems by Shalom Shabazi in his albums.

Biography
Boaz Sharabi was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era, one of ten children born to a Yemenite Jewish family of artists. He had a twin sister, Ada, who was recorded as having died at birth, but Sharabi believes she was kidnapped as part of the Yemenite Children Affair. His brother Yoel Sharabi is a Hasidic and Yemenite entertainer for Jewish communities abroad.  Baruch Sharabi is a choreographer and Nehemia Sharabi is a songwriter.

Sharabi composed the music for and appeared onscreen in the movies Beyond the Walls and Beyond the Walls 2. He held a close working relationship with lyricist and poet Ehud Manor and composer Matti Caspi. In the 1980s, he sang a duet with Shoshana Damari.

Sharabi sold over two million records and had over 30 number one hits in the charts. His music was also popular in Lebanon and Turkey.

After a long hiatus, Sharabi released a new album, Linshom (To Breathe), in 2007. The song Im at Adayin Ohevet Oti (If you still love me) was named song of the year for 2007 by the Israeli Public, via Galgalatz and Yediot Achronot

He has participated in many song contests, and won the Viña del Mar Festival Song in 1977.

Sharabi lives in Caesarea, and has been married thrice. In the 1970s, he married Liora. After their divorce, he married Helen, a drug addict who committed suicide in 1991. In 2002, he married Pnina Tzadok, who was three decades his junior, and they had a son who was born in December 2004. They divorced in 2006.

References

External links

1947 births
Living people
Israeli composers
Israeli male film actors
Israeli folk singers
Jewish Israeli male actors
Israeli lyricists
Israeli tenors
Jewish songwriters
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Actors from Tel Aviv
Musicians from Tel Aviv
Israeli people of Yemeni-Jewish descent
Israeli male singer-songwriters
Israeli singer-songwriters
Jewish folk singers
Israeli Mizrahi Jews

Boaz Sharabi


Mark Cross is an English hard rock and heavy metal drummer. He has played in many bands in his career and is currently based in Athens, Greece. Mark recorded in 1992 an album with Greek singer/songwriter Michalis Rakintzis named "Etsi Maresei".

Cross left Helloween in 2002. He had recorded two tracks with them, both of which featured on their Rabbit Don't Come Easy album in 2003.

His comeback was a low-key demo recording with The Supremacy, a project band also featuring Bill Hudson of Cellador and Fernando Giovannetti of Aquaria in 2004. In 2005 he featured as a session and touring musician for At Vance and also appeared on the British rock band Saracen's latest album, Vox in Excelso and Winter's Bane's comeback album, Redivivus.

With Firewind he released Allegiance in July 2006 and toured with them extensively throughout the world in 2006 and 2007, playing more than 150 shows. With their new album The Premonition, which was released in April 2008 he and Firewind toured Europe and North America with Swedish metallers Arch Enemy. On 13 January 2010, Cross announced that he and Firewind had split.

Cross has used Paiste cymbals, Tama drums, Vic Firth drumsticks, Evans drumheads and cymbals in the shape of Iron Crosses made by Factory Metal Percussion.

External links
Mark Cross' official website
Firewind's official website

Firewind members
Living people
Helloween members
Tank (band) members
Metalium members
Year of birth missing (living people)

Mark Cross (musician)


Leopold Theodore "Paul" Sentell (August 27, 1879 – April 27, 1923) was a professional baseball player, manager, and umpire. He played two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Phillies. Sentell was 5 feet, 9 inches tall and weighed 176 pounds.

Career
Sentell was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1879. He started his professional baseball career in 1903 in the Cotton States League. The following season, he moved to the South Atlantic League and had a batting average of .263. In 1905, Sentell batted a career-high .315, stole 50 bases, and scored 71 runs to help the Macon Brigands win the league championship. His 137 hits that season led the South Atlantic League and were just three more than the second-place finisher, Ty Cobb, who would go on to have a Hall of Fame career in the majors.

Sentell made his MLB debut in 1906 with the Philadelphia Phillies. He appeared in 63 games that year, mostly at third base and second base, and hit .229. In early 1907, he played three games for Philadelphia but spent most of the season with the Eastern League's Jersey City Skeeters. From 1908 to 1913, Sentell played in the Southern Association for the Mobile Sea Gulls, Atlanta Crackers, and Chattanooga Lookouts. He then became a player-manager for the Galveston Pirates of the Texas League and stayed with the team for four seasons.

After his playing career ended in 1918, Sentell worked as an umpire in the Texas League for several years until the National League hired him for the 1922 and 1923 seasons. Sentell was umpiring a game in early 1923 when he collapsed on the field. He died of appendicitis a few days later.

References

External links

Retrosheet

1879 births
1923 deaths
Major League Baseball infielders
Minor league baseball managers
Major League Baseball umpires
Minor league baseball umpires
Philadelphia Phillies players
Baton Rouge Red Sticks players
Monroe Hill Citys players
Macon Highlanders players
Macon Brigands players
Jersey City Skeeters players
Mobile Sea Gulls players
Atlanta Crackers players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Des Moines Boosters players
Galveston Pirates players
Houston Buffaloes players
Baseball player-managers
Baseball players from New Orleans
Deaths from appendicitis

Paul Sentell


Oscar Emilio León Somoza (born July 11, 1943), known as Oscar D'León, and affectionately called The Pharaoh of Salsa, The Lion of Salsa, and the World's Sonero, is a Venezuelan musician and bassist best known for his work with salsa music. He is the author of "Llorarás", which he recorded in 1974 with his group, Dimensión Latina. He is also an ambassador for Operation Smile.

Early life
Oscar D'León was a long-time resident of the Parroquia Antímano section of Caracas, Venezuela (his father was a laborer at the neighborhood cemetery). He had a strong interest in percussion ever since he was a child, improvising bass parts with his throat while playing Latin rhythms with his hands on any available surface. He got in trouble in school early on for doing this constantly. He then took interest in the upright bass (he learned the instrument on his own), and would eventually alternate in jobs as an auto mechanic, assembly line worker or taxi driver (during the day) and bass player (at night) for local 'conjuntos' [literally means an "assembly", but represents a small musical band popularized in Cuba, whereby musicians on bass, guitar, and percussion would all sing local folk songs]. As he acquired a reputation for being a solid bass player, clever improviser (he would improvise entire songs on the spot), humorous entertainer and dynamic singer (he used to dance with a double bass onstage while singing, a not-so-subtle physical feat), he founded orchestras such as La Golden Star and music groups such as Los Psicodélicos.  Together with percussionist José Rodríguez and trombone players César Monge and José Antonio Rojas, he formed Dimensión Latina in 1972.

Four years later, D'León quit the group and created La Salsa Mayor. With La Salsa Mayor he recorded the merengue standard "Juanita Morell", a version that became a radio hit in Puerto Rico. He later founded La Crítica in 1978 in memory of the legends of Cuban rumba, such as Miguelito Valdés.  For a while, D'León would alternate singing with both orchestras, giving him enough flexibility to stay working constantly.

Career
During the 1980s, D'León achieved recognition in salsa music, becoming a known Caribbean music singer. In 1982, he visited Cuba. His visit was a major cultural event in the island country. Since local tastes in music had veered away from the traditional sounds of Cuban music, in part because many of the major Cuban stars of the past had either died or were living elsewhere in exile, D'León's "retro" style of music became very popular among Cubans of all ages.

Meanwhile, he got tired of carrying around his double bass, "and opening the case in baggage claim at the airport only to find it reduced down to toothpicks."  Therefore, he gave up playing a bass onstage. He also started shaving his head regularly, as to not bother with hair loss any longer. He would, however, never shave off his trademark mustache.

Because of successful tours throughout America and Spain, D'León was the first Latino to sign a contract with the BBC. He has also performed in Japan, where he shocked a television host by heartedly recommending sexual intercourse as the key component of a healthy lifestyle during a live interview.

Personal life
Oscar D'Leon has been a direct or indirect victim of various robberies, among them when he was robbed of $16,000 , and when a plaque dedicated to him was stolen in Barquisimeto nine hours after he had been honored with it and the city's keys on September 13, 2014.

Discography
Contributing artist
 The Rough Guide to Salsa (1997, World Music Network)

Albums
 Dimension Latina '75 (1974)
 Dimension Latina '76 Salsa Brava (1975)
 Dimension Latina En Nueva York (1976)
 Con Bajo y Todo (1976)
 2 Sets Con Oscar (1977)
 El "Oscar" de la Salsa (1977)
 Dos Sets Con Oscar D'Leon Y Su Salsa Mayor (1977)
 Tranquilo Y Sin Miedo (1978)
 El Más Grande (1979)
 Llegó Actuó Y Triunfó (1979)
 Al Frente De Todos (1980)
 A Mí Sí Me Gusta Así! (1981)
 El Discóbolo (1982)
 Con Dulzura... (1983)
 El Sabor De Oscar (1983)
 Con Cariño (1983)
 Yo Soy]' (1985)
 Oscar '86 (1986)
 De Venezuela Para El Mundo (1987)
 Riquiti..! (1987)
 Que se sienta (1988)
 Navidad con Oscar D'León (1989)
 En Puerto Rico (1990)
 Así soy (2004)
 Fuzionando (2006)
 En Vivo (2012)
 Clásicos de Big Band'' (2014)

Awards and distinctions
D'León was named Best Salsa Artist at the 2014 Pepsi Venezuela Music Awards.

On July 7, 2015, he received a Honoris Causa PhD of the Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador for being "a Venezuelan whose discipline and constancy in the development and execution of his musical art have led him to become artistic patrimony of Venezuela".

References

1943 births
Living people
Bass guitarists
Latin Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Caracas
Salsa musicians
Venezuelan bandleaders
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sony Music Latin artists
Universal Music Latino artists
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
RMM Records artists
Male bass guitarists
20th-century Venezuelan  male  singers
21st-century Venezuelan  male singers

Oscar D'León


Nguyễn Diệu Huyền (born 28 March 2003), known by her stage name Pháo, is a Vietnamese rapper and producer. She was raised in Tuyên Quang and lives in Hanoi as of 2021. Her name "Pháo" means passion. She was a student at the Hanoi College of Art.

Pháo started rapping around 2018. She has said she admires Cardi B, and Vietnamese rapper Kimmese. She wasn't known to the public until her song "2 Phút Hơn", with Vietnamese producer Masew released, gaining over 30 million views. The KAIZ remix of the song gained global popularity, mostly on social media app TikTok. She released a new version of the song in 2021 with American rapper Tyga. Pháo has also participated on Vietnamese TV show "King of Rap".

Discography

Singles

 2 Phút Hơn (Remake) (2020)
 Để Em Sống (2020)
 2 Phút Hơn (KAIZ Remix) (2020)
 2 Phút Hơn (Make It Hot) [KAIZ Remix] (2021)
 Dộ Hộc 2 (Prod Masiu) (2021)
 2 Phút Hơn (Ft. Ty) (KAIZ Remix) (2021)
 Nói Dối (feat. HIEUTHUHAI) (2021)
 Nói Dối (Remix) (feat. HIEUTHUHAI) (2022)

2003 births
Living people
Rappers

Pháo