John Marshall (or Martiall) (born in Worcestershire, 1534, died at Lille, 3 April 1597) was an English Roman Catholic priest. He was one of the six companions associated with William Allen in the foundation of the English College at Douai, in 1568.

Life
He received his education at Winchester College (1545–49) and New College, Oxford (1549–56), at which latter place, after a residence of seven years, he graduated as bachelor of civil law in 1556. He next accepted a post as assistant master at his old school at Winchester under Thomas Hyde; but soon after the accession of Elizabeth I of England, both of them found it necessary to quit the country.

Marshall retired to Leuven, where a number of English Catholic exiles were residing. Thence he removed to Douai, when he joined the new university recently founded there, and graduated B.D. in 1567. Thus it came about that when Allen arrived to found his new college, Marshall was already in residence, and attached himself to the new foundation. He did not, however, remain long, chiefly because of the smallness of the allowance which it was possible to give; later on, he obtained a canonry in the church of St. Peter at the neighbouring city of Lille. Owing to the disturbed state of the country, he was not installed until 1579. He lived to enjoy his dignity for eighteen years.

He died on 3 April 1597 at Lille, in the arms of his friend William Gifford, and was buried in St. Peter's Church.

Works
It was during his time at Leuven that Marshall brought out the two major works for which he is known. The first of these, Treatise of the Cross (Antwerp, 1564), was a defence of the honour paid by Catholics to the Cross, and he dedicated it to Queen Elizabeth, being "emboldened upon her keeping the image of a crucifix in her chapel". He was attacked by James Calfhill, the Calvinist, and brought forth his Reply (Louvain, 1566). He also wrote a treatise on the Tonsure of Clerks, left in manuscript.

References

Attribution

 The entry cites:
Thompson Cooper in Dictionary of National Biography, s. v.
Joseph Gillow, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath., s. v.
T. F. Knox, Historical Introduction to Douay Diaries
Anthony à Wood, Athenæ Oxon., ed. Bliss, I, 658
Charles Dodd, Church Hist., II, 113
John Pitts, De illust. Ang. script.
A. Haudecoeur, Histoire du Collège Anglais à Douai (Reims, 1898)
Bede Camm, Life of Allen (London, 1908)

1534 births
1597 deaths
16th-century English Roman Catholic priests
Alumni of New College, Oxford
English religious writers
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
People educated at Winchester College
English male non-fiction writers

John Marshall (priest)


a written medium, for instance:
 an academic journal
 a diary
 a literary magazine, a periodical devoted to literature
 a daily newspaper
 a scientific journal
 Journal (mechanical device), the section of a rotating shaft that contacts and turns in a plain bearing
 Mining journal, a record systematically describing the strata through which a mine shaft passes (see shaft mining)
 Journal entry, an accounting transaction in the double-entry bookkeeping system

Journal


Concrete Roman is a slab serif typeface designed by Donald Knuth using his METAFONT program. It was intended to accompany the Euler mathematical font which it partners in Knuth's book Concrete Mathematics. It has a darker appearance than its more famous sibling, Computer Modern. Some favour it for use on the computer screen because of this, as the thinner strokes of Computer Modern can make it hard to read at low resolutions.

External links
Computer Modern family, for general use select .otf fonts

Typefaces designed by Donald Knuth
Slab serif typefaces
TeX

Concrete Roman


Thomas Horsfield (May 12, 1773 – July 24, 1859) was an American physician and naturalist who worked extensively in Indonesia, describing numerous species of plants and animals from the region. He was later a curator of the East India Company Museum in London.

Early life
Horsfield was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He was the grandson of Timothy Horsfield, Sr. (1708-1773), who was born in Liverpool and emigrated to New York in 1725. The Horsfield family converted from the Church of England to Moravianism, a Protestant denomination with a strong emphasis on education. In 1748, he moved his family to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and joined them the next year. Horsfield's father was Timothy Horsfield, Jr. and he married Juliana Sarah Parsons in 1738. Thomas Horsfield was born in Bethlehem on May 12, 1773. He was educated at the Moravian schools in Bethlehem and Nazareth. He studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 1798. His thesis on the physiological effects of poison ivy demonstrated his interest in botany.

Travels in Asia
In 1799, he accepted a post as surgeon on the vessel China, a merchant vessel that was to sail to Java. He passed through Batavia and was struck by the beauty of the region. In 1801, he applied to be a surgeon with the Dutch Colonial Army in Batavia. Taking up appointment there, he took an interest in the flora, fauna, and geology of the region. In particular, he studied the botany and the insects of the region. One of the first of many species to named after him was the butterly, Taenaris horsfieldii. The East India Company took control of the island from the Dutch in 1811, and Horsfield began to collect natural history specimens on behalf of the governor and friend Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. In 1816, Java was restored to the Dutch and Horsfield moved west to Sumatra. In 1819, he was forced to leave the island due to ill health, and returned to London on board the Lady Raffles.

England
On returning to London, Horsfield continued to be in contact with Sir Stamford Raffles and became a keeper of the museum of the East India Company on Leadenhall Street, London, working under Charles Wilkins. He stayed in this position, later as a curator, until his death on July 24, 1859. Horsfield took an interest in geology, botany, zoology, and entomology. He was influenced by William Sharp Macleay and his quinarian system of classification. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of London (1828) and a fellow of the Linnean Society (1820), later becoming a vice president. In 1828, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. Horsfield was appointed assistant secretary of the Zoological Society of London at its formation in 1826. In 1833, he was a founder of what became the Royal Entomological Society of London. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1828. In 1838, he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands; when that became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851, he joined as foreign member. Horsfield died at his home in Camden Town and was buried at the Moravian cemetery in Chelsea.

Published works

Horsfield wrote Zoological Researches in Java and the Neighbouring Islands (1824). He also classified a number of birds with Nicholas Aylward Vigors, most notably in their A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society; With an Attempt at Arranging them According to Their Natural Affinities (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (1827)). Together with the botanists Robert Brown and John Joseph Bennett he published the Plantae Javanicae rariores (1838–52).

Horsfield is commemorated in the names of a number of animals and plants, including:
 Javanese flying squirrel, Iomys horsfieldii
 Horsfield's fruit bat, Cynopterus horsfieldi
 Horsfield's shrew, Crocidura horsfieldi
 Horsfield's bat, Myotis horsfieldii, a species of small bat in the family Vespertilionidae
 Horsfield's flying gecko, Ptychozoon horsfieldi, a species of Asian gliding lizard
 Russian tortoise, Testudo horsfieldii
 Horsfield's spiny lizard, Salea horsfieldii, a species of agamid lizard found in southern India in the Nilgiri and Palni Hills
 Malabar whistling thrush, Myophonus horsfieldii, a bird found in peninsular India
 Indian scimitar-babbler, Pomatorhinus horsfieldii, an Old World babbler found in peninsular India
 White's thrush (Horsfield's thrush), Zoothera horsfieldi, a resident bird in Indonesia.
 Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus horsfieldi
 Horsfield's bronze cuckoo, Chrysococcyx basalis
 Common darkie, Paragerydus horsfieldii, a small butterfly found in India
 Arhopala horsfieldi, a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae found in Asia
 South Indian blue oakleaf, Kallima horsfieldii, a nymphalid butterfly found in India
 Horsfieldia, a plant genus in the family Myristicaceae native to Southeast Asia
 Horsfield's Tarsier, Cephalopachus bancanus

See also
 :Category:Taxa named by Thomas Horsfield

References

External links
 Thomas Horsfield – An American Enigma

1773 births
1859 deaths
American entomologists
American naturalists
American ornithologists
British East India Company people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Thomas Horsfield


Jacques Coune (1924-2012) was a Belgian coach builder who designed and built a variety of specials via his company Carrosserie Jacques Coune, and was a co-founder of the Ecurie Nationale Belge F1 team.

Early and racing career
Coune was born in 1924 to a motoring family. During the Second World War, Coune served as an army officer.

In the early 1950s Coune, along with his father, ran a business which supplied car spare parts and assembled passenger cars from the French brand Panhard for the Belgian market on behalf of Paul Sterckx S.A.

In the mid-1950s he opened a car workshop on Avenue de la Couronne in Brussels. In addition to standard production vehicles, he also looked after exclusive sports cars from Jaguar, Aston Martin and other high-priced brands as well as becoming the first Abarth dealer outside of Italy.

During 1956 Coune raced for the Ecurie Francorchamps team driving a Ferrari 166 MM. Coune would eventually take care of the maintenance of the team's sports cars, especially the Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta "Tour de France".

Coune was one of the co-founders of the motor sports teams Equipe Nationale Belge. For the 1962 Formula 1 Championship, Coune designed the team's unsuccessful F1 car based on an Emeryson chassis and running a Maserati engine, which was driven by Lucien Bianchi.

In the 1960s Coune expanded his dealership by becoming the official dealer for Iso Rivolta.

Carrosserie Jacques Coune
In 1962, Coune opened Carrosserie Jacques Coune, a specialist coach builder. The company designed and developed coach built specials based on existing models of other manufacturers. Between 1963 and 1965, Carrosserie Jacques Coune had a stand at the Belgium Motor Show.

In 1962 the company developed an estate based on the Peugeot 404 but it remained a one off due to Peugeot launching their own Break model.

In January 1963, Coune presented a convertible based on a two-door Volvo 122S. The price was high and they produced only four cars for paying customers. Furthermore, a two-seater Coune Volvo 122S Amazon Roadster was created at the special request of an American friend. Also in 1963, Coune showed an estate based on the Mercedes-Benz W110. The car remained a one off and was sold to a customer in the United States.

In 1964, Coune's most famous work was shown at the Belgium Motor Show. The MG MGB Berlinetta was based on the BMC roadster, and was previewed before MG's own GT. Coune meet with Sir Alec Issigonis to even discuss the car before BMC developed the MGB GT with Pininfarina. A total of 56 cars were made.

During 1965, Coune unveiled 2 new models. An MG MGB hardtop based on the standard roadster with the front of the Coune MGB Berlinetta sold a total of 120 cars. The other model was an estate based on the BMW 700 which was a one off.

In 1966, a new MGB based model was shown at the Belgian Motor Show. The Gemini was a targa one off special. The other model was an estate based on the BMW 1800, which according to different sources had 2 or 4 cars built.

The conversions of the Jacques Coune bodywork were considered to be technically outstanding, but they were also comparatively expensive. When the economic situation in Belgium worsened in the late 1960s, many of his skilled craftsmen returned to their homeland and the workshop closed in 1968.

Later life
In the 1970s, he joined Charly de Pauw in a property company. In 1984 he joined de Pauw's Brussels Automobile Museum on the Rogierplein in Brussels as curator but retired after the museum closed upon de Pauw's death. Coune died in February 2012 at the age of 88.

References

1924 births
2012 deaths
Belgian automobile designers
Contract vehicle manufacturers
formula One team owners
Formula One designers

Jacques Coune


The Unist'ot'en Camp (pronounced OO-nis-TAH-den) is a camp built on the territory of the Unist'ot'en clan of the Wet'suwet'en Nation. It is in northern British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the point where several planned energy pipelines will pass, as a means to block the crossing of Wet'suwet'en territory by pipeline-related industries. It is at the point where several planned energy pipelines will pass.

The camp is  by road from Vancouver, BC and about  from the town of Smithers, BC.

The Wet'suwet'en have built a checkpoint some  east of the camp on the Morice River Forest Services Road. At this point, visitors must have permission to enter the territory. They have banned construction workers and equipment from coming in. In 2019, the Coastal GasLink Pipeline went to court to enforce the permission granted by the Wet'suwet'en and other First Nations band councils to build in the area. A court decision in 2020 gave an injunction against the Unis'tot'en clan and its supporters. In February 2020, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) took down the blockades and checkpoints. After the RCMP's actions, there have been protests across Canada supporting the Wet'suwet'en.

History
The Wet'suwet'en are divided into five clans. Each clan is led by a hereditary chief. Hereditary means that he or she got the position from a parent who was also a hereditary chief. These chiefs were part of a precolonial government system and are responsible for taking care of the land.

The Wet'suwet'en also have an elected council, which was created after the arrival of Europeans in Canada. These councils were created through the Indian Act and are a way for the Wet'suwet'en to meet with the Canadian government. There is a lot of confusion on whether the chiefs or the council represent the Wet'suwet'en people.

The council approved for a pipeline to be built on Wet'suwet'en territory. However, the hereditary chiefs did not agree. The chiefs set up the camp in 2010. The area of the camp is where the pipelines are supposed to cross Talbits Kwah (Gosnell Creek). At the camp, there is a pit house, a garden, several greenhouses, a healing center, and a bunkhouse.

In 2015, the Unist'ot'en released a declaration which included this statement:"The Unist'ot'en settlement camp is not a protest or a demonstration. Our clan is occupying and using our traditional territory as it has for centuries. Our free, prior, and informed consent protocol is in place at the entrance of our territory as an expression of our jurisdiction and our inherent right to both give and refuse consent and entry into our territory."

This quote meant that the clan can refuse to let people in because they have authority over the land as the traditional caretakers.

Healing and learning activities take place at the camp. A healing center was built in 2015. The healing center welcomes people to reconnect with the land, learn cultural practices, and recover from health issues such as substance abuse using traditional Indigenous methods. According to the traditional beliefs of the Wet'suwet'en people, healing can come from being connected to the land and that the impacts of colonialism, including living away from traditional territories, are harmful. A youth camp provides opportunities for young people to learn and practice their culture.

Unist'ot'en checkpoint conflict

The Wet'suwet'en set up a checkpoint on the Morice River Forest Services Road several kilometers from the camp, controlling access to the area. The area was blocked to the pipeline project.

In 2018, TC Energy was granted an injunction to remove the checkpoint so they can have complete access to the pipeline project construction. In January 2019, the RCMP entered the territory to enforce the court injunction and allow workers from the Coastal GasLink pipeline project access to the area. The RCMP arrested 14 people on January 8 at the checkpoint. The pipeline workers completed their pre-construction work. Afterwards, the blockades were rebuilt.

People who support of the blockade consider the action taken at the Unis'tot'en checkpoint and the lack of consultation with hereditary chiefs to be violations of the United Nations' Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Many Indigenous peoples have written and discussed the ways this action will impact the Canadian government's efforts to put in practice the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report, with many famous Indigenous peoples such as broadcaster Jesse Wente, speaking at rallies and protests.

In December 2019, the injunction was put in place again. More discussions ended without the pipeline proponents convincing the hereditary chiefs and their supporters to withdraw. The RCMP returned to the area in 2020 and arrests began again as the RCMP cleared the Morice Forest Service Road. Supporters of the blockade remained along the road, including the camp. The arrests sparked protests in BC and across Canada in support of the Wet'suwet'en.

Statements showing supporting the Unist'ot'en Camp have been issued by organizations and institutions such as: OCAD University, the British Columbia Teachers' Federation, Ryerson University School of Social Work.

References

Unistʼotʼen Camp


3C 454.3 is a blazar (a type of quasar with a jet oriented toward Earth) located away from the galactic plane. It is one of the brightest gamma ray sources in the sky, and is one of the most luminous astronomical object ever observed, with a maximum absolute magnitude of -31.4. It has the brightest blazar gamma ray flare recorded, twice as bright as the Vela Pulsar in the Milky Way galaxy. It also flares at radio and visible wavelengths – in red light, the blazar brightened by more than 2.5 times to magnitude 13.7 – and it is very bright at high radio frequencies.

It appears in Pegasus, near Alpha Pegasi (Markab). It has been known to occasionally outburst, brightening to a peak apparent magnitude of 13.4 in June 2014.

History

In July and August 2007, the gamma-ray blazar 3C 454.3 flared to near-historic levels, only two years after its record-breaking 2005 optical flare. Luckily, Spitzer Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory were already scheduled for simultaneous observations. Swift, RXTE and the new gamma-ray AGILE spacecraft responded to this target of opportunity, and were joined by observatories around the world.

The Fermi Large Area Telescope AGN science group started a multiwavelength campaign for blazar 3C454.3 (2251+158), in July and continuing through August 2007. This Ad Hoc Intensive Campaign (AIC) was prompted by brightening in the radio, optical and X-ray.

References

External links
 SIMBAD entry for 3C 454.3
 LSW Sky Map of 3C 454.3

OVV quasars
454.3
Blazars
Pegasus (constellation)

3C 454.3


Christophe Veyrier (25 June 1637 – 10 June 1689) was a French sculptor, the nephew and follower of Pierre Puget.

Veyrier was born in Trets, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. He arrived in Genoa in 1663 and stayed for a number of years, before moving to Rome to live from 1668-70. In 1674 he married the daughter of the sister of Puget's wife.

He worked in Aix-en-Provence, then settled in Toulon, where he lived until his death in 1689. In one of his most important commissions, he created religious statues for the Chapel of Corpus Domini in Toulon Cathedral. He also worked at Montpellier.  Statues of ancient and mythological subjects are attributed to him, including the white marble relief of the family of Darius displayed at Stowe House in England. The most recent studies attribute to him the statue of the Immaculate Conception in Tivoli Cathedral (according to older literature the statue was formerly attributed to Puget himself).

His sculptures are held by the Musée d'Art, Toulon; the Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence; the Musée du Louvre, Paris; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

External links
 Brief Biography

 Photos of some of Veyrier's sculptures

17th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors
Artists from Toulon
1637 births
1689 deaths

Christophe Veyrier


Floyd Arthur Dakil (June 16, 1945 – April 24, 2010) was an American musician from Texas, best known for his often compiled song "Dance, Franny, Dance". He later went on to play guitar in Louis Prima's band.

Biography
Dakil was born in Childress County, Texas.  In 1964 his band won a competition to become the house band at the Pit Club, located at the Bronco Bowl in Oak Cliff, Texas. and soon released their first 45, "Dance, Franny, Dance" b/w "Look What You've Gone and Done" on Jetstar. The record was picked up for national distribution on the Guyden label.

Floyd Dakil went on to record three 45s on the Earth label as the Floyd Dakil Four.

In 1969 Floyd joined Louis Prima's band as guitarist, and remained with him for several years.

In 1975 he released a solo LP Live in which he runs through 42 songs in as many minutes.

In 1991 he contributed several songs to the soundtrack of the film Love Hurts credited to The Floyd Dakil and Larry Randall Band.

He was working in real estate, and teaching guitar lessons at the Grapevine Antique Mall in Grapevine, Texas, but occasionally appeared with reunited members of his original band under the name The Pitmen.

He died in 2010, at the age of 64.

Discography
45s
Jetstar J-103 Floyd Dakil Combo Dance, Franny, Dance/Look What You've Gone And Done 1964
Guyden 2111 Floyd Dakil Combo Dance, Franny, Dance/Look What You've Gone And Done 1965
Earth 402 Floyd Dakil Four Bad Boy/Stoppin' Traffic 1965
Earth 403 Floyd Dakil Four Kitty Kitty/It Takes A Lot To Hurt 1965
Earth 404 Floyd Dakil Four Stronger Than Dirt/You're The Kind Of Girl 1965
Pompeii 45-66687 Floyd Dakil Merry Christmas Baby (I'm Coming Home)/One Girl 1968

Albums
FLOYD DAKIL: ...LIVE (LP)
Sunny Side of the Street / Band Intro / Longfellow Serenade / Lazy River / Everyday People / Yummy Yummy Yummy / Whiskey River / Buddy Holly Medley / Peggy Sue / Oh Boy / It's So Easy / That'll Be the Day / Forty Days / Johnny B. Goode / Mister Bojangles / Watermelon Wine / Let's Have A Party / C'mon Everybody / Cabaret / For Once In My Life / Pickin' And Grinnin' / Wildwood Flower / Steel Guitar Rag / Beverly Hillbillies (Theme) / Rose Of San Antone / Turkey In The Straw / Bonanza (Theme) / High Noon (Theme) / Gunsmoke (Theme) / El Commanchero / Orange Blossom Special / Holiday For Strings / Barnum & Bailey Circus Theme / Barnacle Bill The Sailor / Bye Bye Blues / Bridge On The River Kwai / Twelfth Street Rag / Lady Of Spain / Dixie / Overture By Puccini / Dueling Banjos / Satisfied Mind
(ASHLEY ST-101 - recorded live at the Registry Hotel, poss. Dallas, Tx, May 31, 1975)

THE FLOYD DAKIL COMBO: DANCE, FRANNY, DANCE  (Best of CD)
Dance, Franny, Dance / Look What You're Gone And Done / Bad Boy / Shiver / Turn To The Night / Kitty Kitty / You're My Kind Of Girl / Here I Am / It Takes A Lot Of Heart / Stoppin' Traffic / Bogged Down In The Bayou (COLLECTIBLES COL-5532 1995)

Several Floyd Dakil songs appear on CD compilations, including the well known Pebbles series.

Notes

Sources
Article on Garage Hangover
IMDB Love Hurts page
Info about recent appearance
Floyd Dakil discography
Floyd Dakil's former business

References

External links
 Floyd Dakil's official MySpace page

1945 births
2010 deaths
Musicians from Texas
People from Childress County, Texas
People from Grapevine, Texas

Floyd Dakil


Chêne-Pâquier is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipality consists of the hamlets of Le Chêne and Le Pâquier.

History
Chê
Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
ne-Pâquier is a place in Switzerland that has two old Villages: Chêne and Pâquier. People first wrote about them more than 500 years ago. They were part of another place that had a Castle, but the Castle is gone now. Chêne-Pâquier has a Church that was built in 1667 for people who are Protestants. It is one of the first Churches in Switzerland made for Protestants

Politics
Chêne-Pâquier is a place in Switzerland that has a government. The government has a leader called the mayor. The mayor is Guy-Cyrille Jaquier. The people in Chêne-Pâquier can vote for different parties. A party is a group of people who have similar ideas. In 2007, the most popular party was the SVP. The SVP is a party that wants less immigration and lower taxes. The next popular parties were the FDP, the SP and the Green Party. The FDP is a party that supports business and free trade. The SP is a party that wants more social justice and equality. The Green Party is a party that cares about the environment and human rights.

Chêne-Pâquier


Rick Roder is an author, editor, consultant, and educator specializing in baseball rules and umpiring. He attended the Joe Brinkman Umpire School in 1987 and was a professional umpire from 1987 to 1996. His umpiring experience included the Pioneer League (1987), Midwest League (1988-1989), Texas League (1990 and 1992), Southern League (1991), Pacific Coast League (1993), International League (1994), and American Association (1995-1996). He was the head rules instructor at the Brinkman school from 1990 to 1995 and co-authored the only complete re-write of baseball's professional rules (commonly known as the "Jaksa/Roder Manual") with fellow instructor Chris Jaksa. Roder has authored three other books on rules and umpiring. He is also the author of Frontiers of Faith: A History of the Diocese of Sioux City and We Are Called: A History of St. Mary's Parish, Remsen, Iowa.

Roder is a graduate of Newman University (formerly Kansas Newman College) in Wichita, KS, where he was a pitcher for the Jet's baseball team.

External links
rulesofbaseball.com

Living people
Minor league baseball umpires
Newman University, Wichita alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

Rick Roder


Theodoric II  (ca. 1080 – January 1163) was Count of Montbéliard (1105–1163). He was the son of Theodoric I, Count of Montbéliard, Bar and Verdun, and Ermentrude of Burgundy.

He received first possessions of the family, but they were chased by his subjects because of his bad temper. After the death of his father in 1105, he received the county of Montbéliard, becoming its count that same year. He played an important role with emperors, participating in the Concordat of Worms. He had also founded several monasteries.

His wife is unknown. He had the following issue:
Theodoric III, who died between 1155 and 1160. Married to Gertrude Habsburg, the daughter of Werner II, Count of Habsburg
Sophie († 1148), married in 1128 to Richard II, Count of Montfaucon. It was their son, Amadeus II of Montfaucon, who succeeded his grandfather.
Stephanie, married to Folmar, Count of Sarrewerden
Ermentrude, married to Eudes, Count of la Roche

House of Montbelliard
Theodoric II
1163 deaths
Year of birth uncertain

Theodoric II, Count of Montbéliard


Athene Seyler, CBE (31 May 188912 September 1990) was an English actress.

Early life
She was born in Hackney, London; her German-born grandparents moved to the United Kingdom, where her grandfather Philip Seyler was a merchant in London. Athene Seyler was educated at Coombe Hill School in Surrey, a progressive co-educational school which disliked petitionary prayer and whose advanced biology classes studied Darwin's On the Origin of Species. Seyler took part in an anti-blood sports demonstration, during which pupils captured the fox from the local hunt.

She was also active in the South Place Ethical Society during the 1920s, where her father Clarence H. Seyler took his family for many years to hear Moncure Conway lecture as an alternative to attending a religious Sunday service. Clarence ran a class for the study of Herbert Spencer, contributed to the South Place magazine on rationalist matters and wrote a treatise on birth control which he circulated privately among his family.

Career

Seyler first appeared on the stage in 1909, and was initially  known as a stage actress. She made her film debut in 1921, and subsequently became known for playing slightly dotty old ladies in many British films from the 1930s to the 1960s.

In 1933, Seyler together with Nicholas Hannen, took a company which included Hannen's daughter by his first marriage, Hermione Hannen, on a well-received tour of the Far East and Australia.

Her most memorable stage credits included Mrs Malaprop in The Rivals, Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest and a double-act, with her good friend Dame Sybil Thorndike, as the murderous spinster sisters in Arsenic and Old Lace.

Her film and television career lasted into the 1960s, and included roles in The Citadel (1938), Night of the Demon (1957) and The Avengers (1964, 1965). She was also a regular cast member in screen adaptations of Charles Dickens' novels. Although her silent film appearance in Pickwick (1921) is missing, she played the elderly fiancée in The Pickwick Papers (1952). She was cast as a Chinese woman in Passport to China (1960).

Seyler virtually retired from acting after 1970 but continued making public appearances until well into the 1980s, memorably as a guest of Terry Wogan on his eponymous BBC chat show. In 1988, at the age of 99, she was the castaway on radio's Desert Island Discs. In 1990, at the age of 101, she appeared at the National Theatre, talking about her long life and career.

Athene Seyler was President of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) from 1950, and a member of the Theatrical Ladies' Guild. She also wrote The Craft of Comedy.

Honours and awards
She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1959. In 1989 she was honoured as "Personality of the Century" by the Grand Order of Water Rats.

Marriages and relationships

On 14 February 1914, she married James Bury Sterndale-Bennett (1889–1941), a grandson of the composer Sir William Sterndale Bennett, and they had a daughter, Jane Ann (1917–2015).

In 1922, she met and started living with fellow actor Nicholas "Beau" Hannen, son of Sir Nicholas Hannen. Hannen was married, and his wife refused a divorce. In 1928, Seyler formally changed her name to Athene Hannen, but she continued to use Seyler professionally. In 1960, she and Hannen were married after his wife died. At the age of 90, Seyler told the interviewer David McGillivray that "she hadn't been made a Dame because for most of her life she lived with a man who wasn't her husband."

Portraits

The British National Portrait Gallery has numerous photos of Seyler.

The Australian National Portrait Gallery website has a portrait of Hannen and Seyler together.

Death

Athene Seyler died in 1990, aged 101, and her ashes were placed in the Hannen Columbarium in St Mary's Churchyard, Wargrave.

Selected stage performances

 Harvey
 Watch on the Rhine
 Lady Windermere's Fan
 Mavourneen by Louis N. Parker (1915)
 The Iron Duchess by William Douglas Home (1957)
 The Rivals
 Romeo and Juliet
 The Cherry Orchard
 Arsenic and Old Lace

Filmography

 The Adventures of Mr. Pickwick (1921) – Rachel Wardle
 This Freedom (1923) – Miss Keggs
 The Perfect Lady (1931) – Lady Westhaven
 Tell Me Tonight (1932) – Mrs. Pategg
 Early to Bed (1933) – Frau Weiser
 Blossom Time (1934) – Archduchess Maria Victoria
 The Private Life of Don Juan (1934) – Theresa, the Innkeeper, a Middle Aged Lady of Young Sentiment
 The Rocks of Valpre (1935) – Aunt Philippa
 Royal Cavalcade (1935) – Queen Elizabeth I
 Drake of England (1935) – Queen Elizabeth
 Moscow Nights (1935) – Madame Anna Sabline
 Scrooge (1935) – Scrooge's charwoman
 It's Love Again (1936) – Mrs. Durland
 Southern Roses (1936) – Mrs. Rowland
 Irish for Luck (1936) – The Duchess
 Sensation (1936) – Madame Henry
 The Mill on the Floss (1937) – Mrs. Pullet (uncredited)
 The Lilac Domino (1937) – Madame Alary
 Non-Stop New York (1937) – Aunt Veronica
 Sailing Along (1938) – Victoria Gulliver
 Jane Steps Out (1938) – Grandma
 The Citadel (1938) – Lady Raebank
 The Ware Case (1938) – Mrs. Pinto
 The Sky's the Limit (1938) – Miss Prinney
 The Saint in London (1939) – Mrs. Buckley
 Young Man's Fancy (1939) – Milliner
 Tilly of Bloomsbury (1940) – Mrs. Banks
 The House of the Arrow (1940) – (uncredited)
 Quiet Wedding (1941) – Aunt Mary
 Dear Octopus (1943) – Aunt Belle
 The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (1947) – Miss La Creevy
 The First Gentleman (1948) – Miss Knight
 The Queen of Spades (1949) – Princess Ivashin
 The Franchise Affair (1951) – Aunt Lin
 Young Wives' Tale (1951) – Nanny Gallop
 Secret People (1952) – Mrs. Reginald Kellick
 Treasure Hunt (1952) – Consuelo Howard
 Made in Heaven (1952) – Miss Rosabelle Honeycroft
 The Pickwick Papers (1952) – Miss Witherfield
 The Beggar's Opera (1953) – Mrs. Trapes
 The Weak and the Wicked (1954) – Millie Williams, inmate
 For Better, for Worse (1954) – Miss Mainbrace
 As Long as They're Happy (1955) – Mrs. Arbuthnot
 Yield to the Night (1956) – Miss Bligh
 Doctor at Large (1957) – Lady Hawkins
 How to Murder a Rich Uncle (1957) – Grannie
 Campbell's Kingdom (1957) – Miss Abigail
 Night of the Demon (1957) – Mrs. Karswell
 A Tale of Two Cities (1958) – Miss Emily Pross
 Happy Is the Bride (1958) – Aunt Harriet
 The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) – Jeannie Lawson
 Make Mine Mink (1960) – Dame Beatrice Appleby DBE
 A French Mistress (1960) – Beatrice Peake
 Visa to Canton (1961) – Mao Tai Tai
 Francis of Assisi (1961) – Aunt Buona
 The Devil Never Sleeps (1962) – Sister Agness
 Two and Two Make Six (1962) – Aunt Phoebe Tonks
 I Thank a Fool (1962) – Aunt Heather
 The Girl on the Boat (1962) – Mrs. Adelaide Hignett
 Nurse on Wheels (1963) – Miss Farthingale

Selected television and radio performances
 The Avengers episode entitled "Maneater of Surrey Green" ITV Production 1965
 The Iron Duchess by William Douglas-Home, BBC radio, broadcast 1966
 The Reluctant Peer by William Douglas-Home, BBC radio, broadcast 1967

Publications

 with Stephen Haggard The Craft of Comedy (1944), reprinted by Routledge, 2012

See also
 List of centenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers)

References

External links

  Stage performances listed in the Theatre Archive University of Bristol
 Athen Seyler and Nicholas Hannen in 1964 at Buckingham Palace garden party

1889 births
1990 deaths
Alumni of RADA
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English centenarians
English film actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
20th-century English actresses
Actors from Hackney Central
Women centenarians
20th-century British businesspeople
Actresses from London

Athene Seyler


The Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation was a plantation on the Altamaha River, in Glynn County, Georgia.  Operated as a forced-labor farm until 1865, it produced rice from 1800 until 1915, when growing rice became unprofitable. Then it was primarily a dairy farm until 1942. Since 1976, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources has managed it as Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation State Historic Site.

History
The property that would become the Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation was originally named Broadface; in 1806, the land was purchased by William Brailford, who renamed it Broadfield. "The plantation was built in 1807 as a large rice producer with over seven thousand acres of land and more than 350 West African slaves," mostly from Senegal and Sierre Leone, according to historians Amy Lotson and Patrick Holliday.

After Brailford died, the property passed to his son-in-law, Dr. James M. Troup, brother of Governor George Troup. When Troup died in 1849, he held 357 people as slaves and 7,300 acres in land; the property passed on to his daughter, Ophilia Troup, and her husband, George Dent.  The current main house was built in the early 1850s and they added "Hofwyl" to the name about that time.

With the outbreak of the American Civil War, George Dent and his 15-year-old son James went to serve in the Confederate Army.  Ophilia and her children moved to a refugee camp near Waycross, Georgia. After the war, large parts of the land was sold to pay taxes and by the time James Dent took over the property in 1880, the wealth was gone. When James Dent died in 1913 the family was still in debt. Rice farming had become unprofitable, largely because the owners were no longer allowed to enslave laborers.

His son, James, and his daughters, Miriam and Ophilia Dent, operated the land as a dairy farm until 1942.  At its peak as a dairy farm, it had about 35 cows and produced 100 to 150 bottles of milk per day.  When the dairy was shut down in 1942, the property was finally out of debt. The two sisters (the fifth generation of the family to live there) lived at the house until the last survivor, Ophelia, died in 1973. She left the property to the state of Georgia.

Since then, the marsh has reclaimed the rice fields. The plantation site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and is operated as a Georgia State Historic Site.  The Georgia Department of Natural Resources manages
1,268 acres of land and 696 acres of marsh.

Photos

References

 Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation - State Historic Site, pamphlet by the state of Georgia

Further reading

External links
 Georgia State Parks

Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Glynn County, Georgia
National Register of Historic Places in Glynn County, Georgia
Plantations in Georgia (U.S. state)
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States

Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation


Easton Roller Mill is a historic sawmill and grist mill located near Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. Construction began in 1864 and was completed in 1867. During the first 10 or so years, the mill changed hands from the original builder, Henry Koontz of Frostburg MD, about four times before mill-modernizer Isaac Morris bought the mill in 1894. Originally it was a 3 1/2-story rectangular, timber frame building with a shed addition; however, the shed was removed In recent years. Most mills of this era were exclusively using Burr stones for milling and grinding, however in 1894, the owner, Isaac Morris, installed roller mills for the production of high-grade white flour coming into popular demand. At that time, the Burr stone mill was relegated to grinding cornmeal, and so began a second business of cornmeal and animal feed products also sold at the Easton mill. It is probable Mr. Morris also installed the current steam engine, an 1875 Lane & Bodley 40 HP single expansion engine. The engine once ran on coal-generated steam; however, for insurance reasons, it now runs on compressed air for demonstration purposes. The mill ran under Mr. Morris' ownership until 1910. William C. Ley (pronounced lie) bought the mill in 1910 and ran it 24 hours a day until 1930. We are told that Mr. Ley was of German descent, was tall, spoke with a heavy accent, and often wore a thick black mustache under his wide brimmed hat. He was known for running a very expertly tuned operation, and keeping his equipment in perfect working order. We believe Mr. Ley potentially ran the mill seasonally through the 1930s, until his death in 1941. Between 1939 and Ley's death in 1941, Ley's daughter Estella Ley-Pickenpaugh and her husband Fred Pickenpaugh attempted to restore the mill to full working order, only to discover local wheat and grains unavailable, as most milling had moved to large-scale mills in the Midwest. During this time they may have been assisted by Mr. Ley's milling partner Frank A. Walls of Easton. It is unclear whether Walls held ownership interest in the mill at any time; however, his name appears on the cornmeal bags only. The mill was willed by Estella Ley-Pickenpaugh to the Monongalia Historical Society in 1978. In the fall-winter of 2012–2013, restoration work began at the mill. The mill is expected to be operating and touring visitors by spring 2013.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

References

Don Annonio,
Caroline Rutherford Monongalia Historical Society

External links

Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Industrial buildings completed in 1894
Buildings and structures in Morgantown, West Virginia
Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Monongalia County, West Virginia
Grinding mills in West Virginia
Sawmills in the United States
1894 establishments in West Virginia

Easton Roller Mill


Chickasaw Shipyard Village Historic District is a historic district comprising buildings and areas within Chickasaw, Alabama, which is a northern suburb of Mobile in Mobile County.  The site is historically significant due to its role as a company town for the Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard during the first half of the twentieth century.

In addition, Chickasaw was the subject of a United States Supreme Court case, Marsh v. Alabama (1946) upholding the First Amendment rights of individuals living in privately owned towns, because the towns were operated as public places. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 2004.

History

Chickasaw Shipyard Village
The company town of Chickasaw was built and owned in the early 20th century by Chickasaw Shipbuilding.  In addition to well-built and attractive houses, the town included amenities such as a multipurpose community center, school, health clinic, and stores) and utility services (a water purification plant, and sewage treatment plant).  One exceptionally well-built building originally served as an ice house. Later it was adapted for use as offices and a hospital.  Some of the streets in the town were sidewalks, necessitating use of alleys for vehicular traffic. Tennis courts and a golf course were also available in the town.  when Chickasaw Shipbuilding closed its shipyard, many houses were moved or demolished.

Upon the purchase of the shipyard and town by Gulf Shipbuilding in 1940, the existing homes were repaired and modified. Additional city improvements (such as street paving) were made.  The business block was a popular shopping area, consisting of numerous buildings connected by a covered concrete sidewalk which ran the length of the block (approximately 250 feet or 75 meters).  The establishments included a drugstore, a grocery store, a restaurant, and post office.  By 1943, Gulf Shipbuilding had leased the remaining space to other businesses.

Many of the original homes still remain in Chickasaw and form the heart of a historic district.  Primarily through the efforts of Gene Ford, an architectural historian from the University of Alabama, this area was documented and data was collected about its buildings and history. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.  The Chickasaw Historic Preservation Society has created a driving tour featuring the highlights of the area.

Incorporation of Chickasaw
Early in 1946, Leedy Investment Company purchased the entire company town for one million dollars.  Current occupants were given the option to purchase the homes they had been renting.  Many prior residents also purchased homes and moved back to the town.  The city of Chickasaw was incorporated on November 12, 1946.

In 1979, Halter Marine reactivated the shipbuilding facility to provide service vessels and tugboats to the booming offshore oil industry.  The resurgence was short-lived and the facility was closed again in 1983.  The former shipyard now serves as a small general cargo facility.

References

External links

History of Alabama
Historic districts in Mobile County, Alabama
National Register of Historic Places in Mobile County, Alabama
Populated places established in 1917
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama


MLS Season Pass is a soccer streaming service operated by Apple Inc. which includes live matches from Major League Soccer. The package was launched in the 2023 Major League Soccer season as part of a new 10-year media rights agreement between MLS and Apple, under which it holds the global over-the-top streaming rights to the league.

MLS Season Pass is a subscription-based service on Apple TV app, which carries live coverage of all MLS regular season and playoff matches, as well as coverage of the Leagues Cup, selected MLS Next and MLS Next Pro matches, studio programs, and other video content (including match replays and original programming). Under the new contracts, regionally-televised matches have been discontinued, hence all matches stream globally with no blackout restrictions.

A selection of matches each week will be made available to stream for free without a subscription. A non-exclusive linear television package of matches was sold to Fox Sports in the United States and Bell Media in Canada.

History
MLS had requested that its teams not negotiate regional television rights to their matches beyond the 2022 season, suggesting that the league was considering switching to a centralized model for its media rights (more akin to the National Football League and European club leagues such as the Premier League) after its present national television agreements with ESPN, Fox Sports, and Univision expire at the same time.

On June 14, 2022, MLS announced a 10-year broadcasting deal with Apple Inc. taking effect in the 2023 season, under which it would hold the global over-the-top media rights to the league. It marked the second major foray by Apple into professional sports rights, after having launched Major League Baseball's Friday Night Baseball earlier that year.

The name and United States pricing of the service was announced on November 16, 2022, with availability beginning February 1, 2023, for the start of the season on February 25, 2023.

To maintain a presence on linear television, MLS reached three-year, non-exclusive rights agreements with Fox Sports (United States for Fox and Fox Deportes) and Bell Media (Canada for TSN and RDS) to carry packages of MLS matches on their networks. The contract ended the league's long-term associations with ESPN and Univision; ESPN had been one of Major League Soccer's main media partners since its inception. Univision will continue to televise select Leagues Cup matches, including exclusive linear coverage of the final. ESPN and Univision reportedly declined to renew their contracts due to objections to aspects of the Apple contract, as both companies also operate competing streaming platforms (ESPN+—which previously held out-of-market streaming rights—and Vix, respectively), and they would no longer hold exclusive rights to the matches they televise.

Distribution
MLS Season Pass is sold on a subscription basis via the Apple TV app, either monthly or per-season; the U.S. price was set at  per month or $99 per season. MLS Season Pass is separate from and does not require an Apple TV+ subscription, but discounts are available to Apple TV+ subscribers. Season ticketholders of MLS teams also receive MLS Season Pass for free. A selection of matches throughout the 2023 season will stream free-of-charge; during the opening weekend of the 2023 season, all matches streamed for free, while at least six matches per-week were scheduled during the first weeks of the season afterward. Later weeks had as few as two free matches.

As it did for Amazon Prime Video's Thursday Night Football in the NFL, DirecTV acquired rights to distribute MLS Season Pass for its commercial subscribers, ensuring the matches' availability to venues (such as bars and restaurants) not readily equipped to handle streaming-only broadcasts. A one-year subscription to MLS Season Pass was offered by T-Mobile US to their subscribers in February 2023 through the T-Mobile Tuesdays app. A similar offer was introduced in June 2023 by Optus Sport, a sports channel in Australia.

Production
MLS Season Pass will carry all MLS regular season and playoff matches live and on-demand, and be the exclusive carrier of all matches not otherwise sub-licensed to a linear broadcaster. It will also carry all Leagues Cup matches, and selected MLS Next and MLS Next Pro matches. As teams can no longer sell packages of matches for regional broadcasts, there are henceforth no blackouts of out-of-market matches.

As of the 2023 season, all MLS telecasts will be produced in-house by the league as part of a joint venture between IMG and NEP Group. All MLS matches aired by MLS Season Pass are produced in 1080p high definition with 5.1 surround sound, and utilize "enhanced data elements". Match commentary is available in English and Spanish, as well as French for matches involving Canadian teams (CF Montréal, Toronto FC, Vancouver Whitecaps). Local radio broadcasts are also available as an option.

MLS Season Pass produces three studio shows; the pre-match show MLS Countdown, MLS 360 (which carries "whiparound" coverage of each Saturday matchday), and the highlights show MLS Wrap-Up. All three are produced at Metropolis Studios, a  studio in Manhattan, New York City, with adjacent facilities for English and Spanish control rooms. The video feeds are transmitted to an NEP Group data center in Dallas for encoding and distributed from an Apple facility in Van Nuys, California. The service also offers on-demand content such as classic matches, team-produced videos, and original series (such as The Ritual, a docuseries that will highlight the fan cultures of Major League Soccer's franchises).

Announcers
MLS Season Pass uses an in-house staff of commentary teams, with specific commentators expected to be assigned to matches on a regional basis to reduce travel, and provide  familiarity to viewers.

Viewership

According to the Sports Business Journal, the service had surpassed one million subscribers in July 2023; critics attributed the spike to the high-profile signing of Lionel Messi by Inter Miami CF. Data collected by analytics company Antenna found a major spike in subscriptions for Messi's debut match for Miami, with 110,000 new subscriptions in the United States alone.

References

External links

Season pass
Apple TV+ original programming
2023 American television series debuts
2023 establishments in the United States
Subscription video streaming services
Soccer on Canadian television
Apple Inc. services

MLS Season Pass


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz:

Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716); German polymath, philosopher logician, mathematician. Developed differential and integral calculus at about the same time and independently of Isaac Newton. Leibniz earned his keep as a lawyer, diplomat, librarian, and genealogist for the House of Hanover, and contributed to diverse areas. His impact continues to reverberate, especially his original contributions in logic and binary representations.

Achievements and contributions

Devices
 Leibniz calculator

Logic

 Alphabet of human thought
 Calculus ratiocinator

Mathematics
 Calculus
 General Leibniz rule
 Leibniz formula for
 Leibniz integral rule

Philosophy
 Best of all possible worlds
 Characteristica universalis
 Identity of indiscernibles
 Pre-established harmony
 Principle of sufficient reason

Physics

Personal life

 Leibniz's political views
 Leibniz's religious views

Family

Major works by Leibniz

 De Arte Combinatoria
 Discourse on Metaphysics, (text at wikisource)
 Monadology, (text at wikisource)
 New Essays on Human Understanding
 Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis
 Protogaea
 Théodicée

Manuscript archives and translations of Leibniz's works

 Leibniz Archive (Hannover)  at the Leibniz Research Center - Hannover
 Leibniz Archive (Potsdam) at the Brandenburg Academy of Humanities and Sciences
 Leibniz Archive (Munster), Leibniz-Forschungsstelle Münster digital edition
 Leibniz Archive (Berlin), digital edition
 Donald Rutherford's translations at UCSD
 Lloyd Strickland's translations at leibniz-translations.com

Journals focused on Leibniz studies
 The Leibniz Review
 Studia Leibnitiana

Organizations named after Leibniz

 Leibniz Association
 Leibniz College, affiliated with the University of Tübingen
 Leibniz Institute of European History
 Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research
 Leibniz Society of North America
 Leibniz Supercomputing Center, (more details in German version)
 Leibniz University Hannover
 ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics
 Leibniz Schools in Germany

Prizes named after Leibniz

 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize. It is regarded as the highest German award.
 Leibniz Ring awarded by the Hannover Press Club.
 Berlin Leibniz Medal originally awarded by the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences; currently awarded by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
 Leibniz Medal (Mainz) awarded by the Mainz Academy of Sciences and Literature.

Publications about Leibniz

Maria Rosa Antognazza's 2009 Leibniz biography is a major recent resource.

See also

 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz bibliography
 German Wikipedia Leibniz page; it contains additional information.

References

External links

 Webpage at the Leibniz Association
 Webpage at the Mainz Research Alliance
 Leibniz Association
 Leibniz on Wikisource

Leibniz, G
Leibniz, G
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Outlines

Outline of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz


Thomas Austin Robertson (September 9, 1848 – July 18, 1892) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.

Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Robertson pursued preparatory studies.
He was graduated from Cecilian College and afterwards from the law department of the University of Louisville.
He was admitted to the bar in 1871 and commenced practice at Hodgenville, Kentucky.
County attorney of LaRue County 1874-1877.
He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1877 and 1878.
Commonwealth attorney of the eighteenth judicial district 1878-1883.

Robertson was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887).
He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War (Forty-ninth Congress).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886.
He resumed the practice of law at Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and died there July 18, 1892.
He was interred in Red Hill Cemetery, Hodgenville, Kentucky.

References

External links

1848 births
1892 deaths
People from Hodgenville, Kentucky
Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky
19th-century American politicians

Thomas A. Robertson


The carat is a unit of mass, which is used for gemstones and pearls. One Carat is equal to 0.2g. The current definition was adopted in 1907  at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures. Officially, the carat can be divided into 100 pointsof 2 milligrams each.

References

Units of mass

Carat (mass)


Invitation Only (絕命派對 or Jue ming pai dui) is a Taiwanese horror film directed by Kevin Ko and released in April 2009. The film was billed as "Taiwan's First-Ever Slasher Horror".

Plot
Wade Chen, who works for a rich and powerful CEO, Mr. Yang, accidentally sees his boss having sex with supermodel Dana. His boss supposedly rewards him by sending him to an exclusive party on company money. Wade's evening at the party includes receiving a new car, dancing, gambling and sex with the boss' mistress Dana. However, leaving the party is a problem and the guests are systematically hunted down and slaughtered by a masked slasher.

Cast

Production
Invitation Only marks the debut film for director Kevin Ko. A Love HK Film article describes the production as a "low-budget affair; the film was shot on high-def and the art direction is only a step up from 'converted warehouse'".

Release
The film was released theatrically in Taiwan on April 17, 2009, and in Hong Kong on June 18, 2009. Invitation Only was also released on DVD with English subtitles in 2009.

Reception
Invitation Only was received relatively poorly. Love HK Film wrote that it is "another film following in the footsteps of the "torture porn" vogue" and that it is an "entertaining if unremarkable thriller". China Post said it is for horror-fans only and that any "merit or message in "Invitation Only" is washed away in the crimson tide of bloodletting that it unleashes". Ho Yi at the Taipei Times was more positive, calling it a "90-minute ride of guilty thrills that combines graphic violence, repulsive torture and sexually suggestive imagery with bitter commentary on a wealth-obsessed society."

References

External links

2009 horror films
2009 films
2000s Mandarin-language films
Taiwanese slasher films
2000s English-language films

Invitation Only (film)


Statistical bias, in the mathematical field of statistics, is a systematic tendency in which the methods used to gather data and generate statistics present an inaccurate, skewed or biased depiction of reality. Statistical bias exists in numerous stages of the data collection and analysis process, including: the source of the data, the methods used to collect the data, the estimator chosen, and the methods used to analyze the data. Data analysts can take various measures at each stage of the process to reduce the impact of statistical bias in their work. Understanding the source of statistical bias can help to assess whether the observed results are close to actuality. Issues of statistical bias has been argued to be closely linked to issues of statistical validity.

Statistical bias can have significant real world implications as data is used to inform decision making across a wide variety of processes in society. Data is used to inform lawmaking, industry regulation, corporate marketing and distribution tactics, and institutional policies in organizations and workplaces. Therefore, there can be significant implications if statistical bias is not accounted for and controlled. For example, if a pharmaceutical company wishes to explore the effect of a medication on the common cold but the data sample only includes men, any conclusions made from that data will be biased towards how the medication affects men rather than people in general. That means the information would be incomplete and not useful for deciding if the medication is ready for release in the general public. In this scenario, the bias can be addressed by broadening the sample. This sampling error is only one of the ways in which data can be biased.

Bias can be differentiated from other statistical mistakes such as accuracy (instrument failure/inadequacy), lack of data, or mistakes in transcription (typos). Bias implies that the data selection may have been skewed by the collection criteria. Other forms of human-based bias emerge in data collection as well such as response bias, in which participants give inaccurate responses to a question. Bias does not preclude the existence of any other mistakes. One may have a poorly designed sample, an inaccurate measurement device, and typos in recording data simultaneously. Ideally, all factors are controlled and accounted for.

Also it is useful to recognize that the term "error" specifically refers to the outcome rather than the process (errors of rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis being tested), or from the phenomenon of random errors. The terms flaw or mistake are recommended to differentiate procedural errors from these specifically defined outcome-based terms.

Bias of an estimator

Statistical bias is a feature of a statistical technique or of its results whereby the expected value of the results differs from the true underlying quantitative parameter being estimated. The bias of an estimator of a parameter should not be confused with its degree of precision, as the degree of precision is a measure of the sampling error. The bias is defined as follows: let  be a statistic used to estimate a parameter , and let  denote the expected value of . Then,

is called the bias of the statistic  (with respect to ). If , then  is said to be an unbiased estimator of ; otherwise, it is said to be a biased estimator of .

The bias of a statistic  is always relative to the parameter  it is used to estimate, but the parameter  is often omitted when it is clear from the context what is being estimated.

Types
Statistical bias comes from all stages of data analysis. The following sources of bias will be listed in each stage separately.

Data selection

Selection bias involves individuals being more likely to be selected for study than others, biasing the sample. This can also be termed selection effect, sampling bias and Berksonian bias.
Spectrum bias arises from evaluating diagnostic tests on biased patient samples, leading to an overestimate of the sensitivity and specificity of the test. For example, a high prevalence of disease in a study population increases positive predictive values, which will cause a bias between the prediction values and the real ones.
Observer selection bias occurs when the evidence presented has been pre-filtered by observers, which is so-called anthropic principle. The data collected is not only filtered by the design of experiment, but also by the necessary precondition that there must be someone doing a study. An example is the impact of the Earth in the past. The impact event may cause the extinction of intelligent animals, or there were no intelligent animals at that time. Therefore, some impact events have not been observed, but they may have occurred in the past.
Volunteer bias occurs when volunteers have intrinsically different characteristics from the target population of the study. Research has shown that volunteers tend to come from families with higher socioeconomic status. Furthermore, another study shows that women are more probable to volunteer for studies than men.
Funding bias may lead to the selection of outcomes, test samples, or test procedures that favor a study's financial sponsor.
Attrition bias arises due to a loss of participants, e.g., loss of follow up during a study.
Recall bias arises due to differences in the accuracy or completeness of participant recollections of past events; for example, patients cannot recall how many cigarettes they smoked last week exactly, leading to over-estimation or under-estimation.

Hypothesis testing
Type I and type II errors in statistical hypothesis testing leads to wrong results. Type I error happens when the null hypothesis is correct but is rejected. For instance, suppose that the null hypothesis is that if the average driving speed limit ranges from 75 to 85 km/h, it is not considered as speeding. On the other hand, if the average speed is not in that range, it is considered speeding. If someone receives a ticket with an average driving speed of 7 km/h, the decision maker has committed a Type I error. In other words, the average driving speed meets the null hypothesis but is rejected. On the contrary, Type II error happens when the null hypothesis is not correct but is accepted.

Estimator selection

The bias of an estimator is the difference between an estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated. Although an unbiased estimator is theoretically preferable to a biased estimator, in practice, biased estimators with small biases are frequently used. A biased estimator may be more useful for several reasons. First, an unbiased estimator may not exist without further assumptions. Second, sometimes an unbiased estimator is hard to compute. Third, a biased estimator may have a lower value of mean squared error.

 A biased estimator is better than any unbiased estimator arising from the Poisson distribution. The value of a biased estimator is always positive and the mean squared error of it is smaller than the unbiased one, which makes the biased estimator be more accurate.

 Omitted-variable bias is the bias that appears in estimates of parameters in regression analysis when the assumed specification omits an independent variable that should be in the model.

Analysis methods
 Detection bias occurs when a phenomenon is more likely to be observed for a particular set of study subjects. For instance, the syndemic involving obesity and diabetes may mean doctors are more likely to look for diabetes in obese patients than in thinner patients, leading to an inflation in diabetes among obese patients because of skewed detection efforts.
 In educational measurement, bias is defined as "Systematic errors in test content, test administration, and/or scoring procedures that can cause some test takers to get either lower or higher scores than their true ability would merit." The source of the bias is irrelevant to the trait the test is intended to measure.
Observer bias arises when the researcher subconsciously influences the experiment due to cognitive bias where judgment may alter how an experiment is carried out / how results are recorded.

Interpretation
Reporting bias involves a skew in the availability of data, such that observations of a certain kind are more likely to be reported.

Addressing statistical bias
Depending on the type of bias present, researchers and analysts can take different steps to reduce bias on a data set. All types of bias mentioned above have corresponding measures which can be taken to reduce or eliminate their impacts.

Bias should be accounted for at every step of the data collection process, beginning with clearly defined research parameters and consideration of the team who will be conducting the research. Observer bias may be reduced by implementing a blind or double-blind technique. Avoidance of p-hacking is essential to the process of accurate data collection. One way to check for bias in results after is rerunning analyses with different independent variables to observe whether a given phenomenon still occurs in dependent variables.  Careful use of language in reporting can reduce misleading phrases, such as discussion of a result "approaching" statistical significant as compared to actually achieving it.

See also
 Trueness
 Systematic error

References

External links

 The Catalogue of Bias is a project at the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine cataloguing biases that affect health evidence.

Statistics
Accuracy and precision

Bias (statistics)


Microsoft Academic was a free internet-based academic search engines for academic publications and literature, developed by Microsoft Research, shut down in 2022. At the same time, OpenAlex was launched and claimed to be a successor to Microsoft Academic.

History

Microsoft Academic gained prominence because it profiled authors, organizations, keywords, and journals and made the dataset available as open data, in contrast to Google Scholar. The search engine indexed over 260 million publications, 88 million of which are journal articles.

Preliminary reviews by bibliometricians suggested the new Microsoft Academic Search was a competitor to Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus for academic research purposes as well as citation analysis. However, it was primarily used as a resource in the field of computer science since that was the most completely indexed information.

On May 4, 2021, Microsoft announced that the Microsoft Academic website and APIs would be retired on December 31, 2021.

Thanks to the open data license, the Microsoft Academic dataset was merged into OpenAlex. However, the underlying software was proprietary and had to be rewritten.

That Microsoft launched and soon after shut down both Microsoft Academic and its predecessor Microsoft Academic Search has been interpreted as a sign that Microsoft "had never intended to enter into the business of scholarly metadata. Instead, the tech giant has been using data on scholarly communication as testing ground for big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies".

Technology
The Academic Knowledge API offered information retrieval from the underlying database using REST endpoints for advanced research purposes. The search engine provided not only search results and access to sources but also citation information that include the number of sources, g-index, and h-index. Aside from academic publications, it was also used to find websites that contain state and local records. The technology uses machine learning, semantic inference and knowledge discovery from sources crawled and indexed by the Bing search engine.

Microsoft Academic replaced the earlier Microsoft research project, Microsoft Academic Search, which ended development in 2012. The platform was developed in 2009 of the Microsoft Research branch in Asia and the project was headed by Zaiqing Nie. Microsoft Academic was re-launched in 2016, as a tool that features an entirely new data structure and search engine using semantic search technologies.

See also
 OpenAlex
 Microsoft Academic Search
 Live Search Academic
 List of academic databases and search engines

References

External links

 Microsoft Academic website
 Project description on Microsoft Research website

Internet properties with year of establishment missing
Online databases
Microsoft websites
Scholarly search services
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Internet properties established in 2016

Microsoft Academic


Rexville or Reckville was an unincorporated area in Austin County, in the U.S. state of Texas. The former location of the community, now a ghost town, is in a rural area between Sealy in Austin County and Eagle Lake in Colorado County. The name Rexville is still used to identify a United States Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map.

Geography
The one-time community of Rexville was situated at  on a former railroad right-of-way about  north-northwest of the intersection of Rexville and Mieth Roads. This junction is located on Rexville Road  southwest of Sealy and  northwest of Farm to Market Road 3013 (FM 3013) on Mieth Road. The disused railroad right-of-way converges with Rexville Road about  to the southwest of Rexville and Mieth. There is a large Wal-Mart distribution center to the northeast at FM 3013 and Farm to Market Road 3538. Rexville Road starts near U.S. Route 90 in Sealy and crosses Interstate 10 at a bridge near Sealy High School. There is no interchange. A short distance southwest of the overpass, the pavement ends and Rexville Road becomes gravel-topped. On the 1960 Rexville USGS 7.5' Quadrangle, Rexville is marked on a railroad siding beside a gravel pit on the west side of East Bernard Creek.

History
The area was first settled by Anglo-Americans in the 1830s. Originally called Reckville, the settlement was founded by German immigrants in the 1870s about  southwest of Sealy. In the 1880s, a spur line of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway was built between Sealy and Eagle Lake. Though the town became a flag stop on the railroad, few people moved there. The Rexville community never had a post office but got its mail from Sealy. By the 1950s there was nothing in the area but a triangulation station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad and a few farms. One source lists Rexville as a ghost town.

Gallery

References

See also

Populated places in Austin County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas
Ghost towns in South Texas

Rexville, Texas


The 1st Low Altitude Air Defense Battalion is an air defense unit of the United States Marine Corps.  It is part of Marine Air Control Group 18 (MACG-18) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1st MAW) and is based at Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The battery was decommissioned on September 28, 2007 and reactivated on August 31, 2023.

Mission

To provide close-in, low altitude, surface-to-air weapons fires in defense of Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) assets defending forward combat areas, maneuver forces, vital areas, installations, and/or units engaged in special/independent operations.

History

1982 through 2007
1st Stinger Battery was initially activated on July 1, 1982, at Marine Corps Air Station, Futenma, Okinawa, Japan as 1st Forward Area Air Defense (FAAD) Battery, Marine Air Control Group 18, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. Employing the Redeye missile and the newly fielded Stinger missile, the battery participated in numerous exercises throughout the Pacific Rim.

On October 1, 1986, the Battery was redesignated as 1st Low Altitude Air Defense (LAAD) Battalion. The battalion consisted of two firing batteries and a headquarters and service battery. During Operation Desert Storm, 1st LAAD Battalion deployed a Platoon (-) in the defense of Al Jabal Airfield.

On May 14, 1993, 1st LAAD Battalion was reduced in size and redesignated as 1st Stinger Battery. The Battery consists of two firing platoons and a headquarters and service platoon. In January 1996, the Battery fielded the Avenger Weapon System, increasing its firepower and targeting capabilities. Over the next several months, the Avengers and man-portable air defense system (MANPADS) vehicles will be phased-out and replaced with the Advanced-MANPADS.

1st Stinger Battery was the only Marine ground-based air defense unit within the III Marine Expeditionary Force. The Battery maintained an aggressive training program and operational tempo as its Marines supported exercises within the Western Pacific and operations with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit.  On December 7, 2006, Headquarters Marine Corps released a message stating that 1st Stinger would be deactivated during 2007. In early February 2007, 1st Stinger battery Marines deployed for the first time in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.  The battery's mission was to provide airbase security while in Iraq for the next seven months.  The battery returned to Okinawa in August 2007 and on September 28, 2007, 1st Stinger Battery was decommissioned at a ceremony at MCAS Futenma.

Unit Deployment Program

Beginning in the Summer of 2013, Marine Corps low altitude air defense returned to III Marine Expeditionary Force in the form of rotations of LAAD Marines from the remaining CONUS Battalions, 2nd LAAD Battalion and 3rd LAAD Battalion, as part of the resumption of the Unit Deployment Program.  Attached to Marine Air Support Squadron 2, LAAD UDP Detachments support III MEF operational requirements for exercises and operations within the PACOM AOR as III MEF's only organic ground based air defense asset in theater.

Reactivation
1st LAAD Battalion was reactivated on August 31, 2023 in order to increase the Marine Corps air defense footprint in the Pacific as part of the Marine Corps' Force Design 2030 initiative.

See also
 List of United States Marine Corps aviation support units
 History of ground based air defense in the United States Marine Corps

References

External links
 1st LAAD Battalion's official website

01
United States Marine Corps low altitude air defense units
Military units and formations established in 1982

1st Low Altitude Air Defense Battalion


La Teste-de-Buch (; , ;  "La Teste-of-Buch") is a coastal commune in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in Southwestern France. Until 13 June 1994, it was officially known simply as La Teste.

The commune is located on the south shore of Arcachon Bay (Bassin d'Arcachon) and on the Atlantic coast of France, lying in the southwestern part of Gironde, on the departmental border with Landes. It is the eighth-largest commune in metropolitan France in geographical area at 180.20 km2 (69.58 sq mi). It is the largest and most populated of the four communes that make up the Communauté d'agglomération Bassin d'Arcachon Sud (COBAS), which coincides with the urban unit (agglomeration) of La Teste-de-Buch-Arcachon, population 67,563 (2018). La Teste-de-Buch proper had a population of 26,269 as of 2020.

La Teste-de-Buch is famous for the Dune of Pilat (Dune du Pilat), the highest sand dune in Europe. It is also the site of a fictional battle during the Napoleonic wars depicted in Sharpe's Siege by Bernard Cornwell.

Geography
La Teste-de-Buch is located in the department of Gironde, in the middle of the Landes forest, and south of Arcachon Bay. It is the capital of the Pays de Buch. Neighbouring communes are Gujan-Mestras to the east, Arcachon to the northwest, and
Biscarosse and Sanguinet to the south.

The Dune of Pilat is a famous landmark on the Atlantic coast, situated in the western corner of the commune. The seaside resort of Pyla-sur-Mer, the village of Cazaux, the bird refuge and sandbank of Arguin are also part of the town.

The Étang de Cazaux et de Sanguinet is in the southeast corner, astride the departments of Gironde and Landes. The rest of the commune area consists of old dunes, where the natural forest has changed little over centuries.

During World War I, an airfield was created near Cazaux for airplane pilots training (fighters and bombers). Most of the American volunteers pilots of the Lafayette Escadrille came to the "Camp de Cazaux" to finish their training as war pilots. When the U.S entered the war, the 36th Aero Squadron was based here.

Climate
La Teste-de-Buch features an oceanic climate (Cfb) under the Köppen system, closely bordering on a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Csb) due to the lack of rain in july compared to november, the wettest month of the year. Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot but bearable. However, cold snaps in winter or heat spikes in summer are rare but not unknown.

Demographics

International relations
La Teste-de-Buch is twinned with
Binghamton, New York, United States, since 1987.
Schwaigern, Germany, since 2004.

See also
 Arcachon - La Teste-de-Buch Airport
 Pays de Buch
Communes of the Gironde department

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Gironde

La Teste-de-Buch


Wickhamford is a village and a civil parish in  Worcestershire, England. It is situated on  the A44 road approximately  halfway between the towns of Evesham and Broadway. It is mentioned in 1086 in the Domesday Book under the name of Wiquene  when it was owned by  Evesham Abbey.

Wickhamford Manor

The manor was built in the 16th century on land belonging  to the abbey. It was later sold to Thomas Throckmorton by Elizabeth I. In 1594 it was purchased from the  Crown by Sir Samuel Sandys and remained in the family until its sale in 1863.

St. John the Baptist Church
The 13th-century parish Church of St. John the Baptist shows a close connection of the Sandys family with the American colonists. It can be seen in the floor slab monument to Penelope Washington within the altar rails. The oak chancel gates were installed in the 17th century with a monument to  the Sandys family on the north side. Penelope Washington, whose mother married Sir Samuel Sandys and moved to the Manor House, was a distant relative of George Washington, the first President of the United States of America.

References

External links

Historical records and photographs

Villages in Worcestershire

Wickhamford


Charles Edward Brown (October 26, 1928 – August 2, 2007) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback and punter in the National Football League (NFL).

Prior to the NFL
Brown went to high school in San Luis Obispo, California, and Hartnell College in Salinas, California. He played for the University of San Francisco Dons through 1951. On his senior year (1951), he quarterbacked the Dons to an undefeated 9–0 season, but the team did not receive a Bowl invitation. Despite the increasing integration of college and pro football, the major bowls that year did not select teams that had black players, or they asked the teams to not bring their black players. The Dons refused to send a white-only squad, so they were snubbed. The 1951 Dons featured Ollie Matson and Burl Toler, both superb players who happened to be African-American. Matson played with great success in the NFL and made the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Toler went on to become the first black official in the NFL. The 1951 Dons are sometimes considered the greatest collection of players ever on one college team. Besides Matson, Toler, and Brown, the Dons had Gino Marchetti, Bob St. Clair, Dick Stanfel, and five other players who made the NFL. In addition, the Dons head coach Joe Kuharich went on to coach in the NFL, and their athletic news director (publicist) was Pete Rozelle, future NFL commissioner. Despite their great success -- or maybe it was because of it -- USF discontinued its football program after the 1951 season due to the high cost of running a top-notch football team.

NFL career

Chicago Bears years
Brown was drafted by George Halas' Chicago Bears in the sixth round of the 1952 NFL Draft. But Brown was drafted by the Marines and spent two years in service. He did play for the Camp Pendleton football squad. Brown began playing in 1954 as the third string quarterback for the Bears, behind George Blanda and Zeke Bratkowski. In 1955, with Bratkowski in the military, Brown beat out Blanda for the starting job and led the Bears to an 8–4 record and a very close second-place finish to the Los Angeles Rams. Brown developed a reputation as a longball-throwing, shot-and-a-beer quarterback, connecting often with Harlon Hill, who led the league with nine touchdown receptions. Brown had his finest season in 1956, playing for new Bears head coach Paddy Driscoll (Halas was still owner and GM and would soon return as coach). Brown led the league that year in passing, completing 96 of 168 passes for 1,667 yards, 11 touchdowns and 12 interceptions. He had an amazing 9.9 yards per attempt. Hill remained his favorite target, catching 47 passes for 1,128 yards (a 24.0 yard per catch average), and 11 touchdowns. The Bears won the Western Conference with a 9-2-1 record, leading the league in rushing and scoring while finished second in rushing in rushing defense.

The Bears met the New York Giants in the 1956 Championship Game on December 30 at Yankee Stadium. The 1956 game was the second "sneakers" game in Bears-Giants history (the first was in 1934), with the Giants again gaining an advantage by switching to sneakers versus cleats on an icy field. The Giants destroyed the Bears 47–7, intercepting Brown twice, sacking him multiple times for -34 yards and shutting down Rick Casares and the Bears' running attack. The Bears completed 20 of 47 passes for 247 yards and no touchdowns. It got so bad that the Bears abandoned the T-formation and switched to a single-wing variant in the third quarter.

In 1957, the Bears appeared to still be affected by the 1956 title game, slumping to 5–7 with an anemic running attack and a mediocre year by Ed Brown. All of Brown's numbers were down from the previous season. Zeke Bratkowski got back from military service and began to challenge Brown for the quarterback job. In 1958, George Halas took back the coaching job and pushed the Bears back into second place at 8–4, one game behind the Baltimore Colts. Brown played better, throwing for 1,418 yards and 10 touchdowns. Brown had another productive season in 1959, when the Bears again finished second behind Baltimore with an 8–4 record. He passed for a career-high 1,881 yards and 13 touchdowns. By 1960, Brown began to decline on the field while his many late nights did not sit well with Halas, so Bratkowski got more and more playing time. Brown completed only 40% of his passes that year as the Bears finished in fifth. In 1961, Brown was benched in favor of newly acquired Billy Wade. Throughout his years with the Bears (except 1961), Brown was their starting punter, leading the league in punts attempted in 1959 with 64.

With the Steelers
Before the 1962 season, Brown was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers, with whom he remained a back-up, now to future Hall of Famer Bobby Layne. Brown got another chance to start when Layne retired after the season. In 1963, still specializing in the long passes, he had his biggest numbers, completing 168 of 362 passes for 2,982 yards, 21 touchdowns, and 20 interceptions.  To the surprise of many, the Steelers stayed in contention for the East title until the final game of the season, in which Brown played poorly in a 33–17 loss to the Giants in New York. As legend has it, several teammates feared the team was in trouble when they didn't see their quarterback out and about  on the night before the game.

In 1964, Brown played his last year as a starter, throwing for 1,990 yards for the mediocre Steelers team. He played one more season as a backup, was waived and picked up by Baltimore late in the season. Brown played in the season finale behind running back Tom Matte who was filling in at quarterback after injuries to both Johnny Unitas and Gary Cuozzo. Brown completed 3-of-5 passes, including an 81-yard touchdown. Because of his arrival so late in the season, he was ineligible for the Colts' playoff loss to the eventual champion Green Bay. Brown retired after the season.

Brown finished with 949 completions, 1,987 attempts, 15,600 yards, 102 touchdown passes, and 138 interceptions. He rushed for 960 yards and 14 touchdowns during his career. Brown also punted each year for the Steelers except his last. Brown finished with 498 punts and a 40.5 yard average per kick.

NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Death
Brown died on August 2, 2007, in Kennewick, Washington of prostate cancer.

References

External links

1928 births
2007 deaths
Sportspeople from San Luis Obispo, California
Players of American football from San Luis Obispo County, California
American football quarterbacks
San Francisco Dons football players
Chicago Bears players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Baltimore Colts players
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
Hartnell College alumni
United States Marines

Ed Brown (quarterback)


Wonder Mkhonza is a national leader of the banned political party in Eswatini, the People's United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO). He was elected the National Organising Secretary at PUDEMO's 2011 congress. Prior to this position he was the Deputy Secretary General, a position he held till the last congress. He has served PUDEMO in various levels including chairperson of Nhlangano Branch of PUDEMO, Chairperson of the Shiselweni Region of PUDEMO, which is also the home region of the President Mario Masuku. Mkhonza also sits in the National Disciplinary Committee of PUDEMO.

Wonder Mkhonza is also the Acting General Secretary of the Swaziland Processing Allied Workers Union (SPRWAWU), an affiliate of the now banned Trade Union Congress of Swaziland (TUCOSWA), of which he is a National  General Council member.

Wonder Mkhonza was detained by Swazi police on Friday April 12, 2013, the 40th anniversary of Swaziland's state of emergency and the banning of all political parties, for being in possession of 5000 PUDEMO pamphlets. He was subsequently charged with sedition.

The "Free Wonder Mkhonza"-campaign, was started to campaign for his release. Wonder was released on bail on May 13, 2013.

References

Living people
Swazi democracy activists
Swazi prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Eswatini
Year of birth missing (living people)

Wonder Mkhonza