Football is the most popular sport in North Macedonia. The country became a member of FIFA in 1994.

The national team has made a few remarkable results in qualifiers for the European Championship as well as the World Cup. The most sensational result was probably the 2–2 draw away against England (October 2002). Two years later the Netherlands were held to a 2–2 draw at home (October 2004). The away-game the following year in Amsterdam also ended with a draw (0–0). On October 7, 2006, once again England was held to a draw in Manchester. On November 17, 2007, North Macedonia beat the group winners, Croatia, 2–0.

Format
The governing body of football in North Macedonia is the Football Federation of North Macedonia. It oversees the organization of:

 Leagues:
 Macedonian First Football League
 Macedonian Second Football League
 Macedonian Third Football League
 Macedonian Municipal Football Leagues
 Cup tournaments:
 Macedonian Football Cup
 Macedonian Football Super Cup
 National teams:
 North Macedonia national football team
 North Macedonia national under-21 football team
 North Macedonia national under-19 football team
 North Macedonia national under-17 football team
 North Macedonia women's national football team

Note: the aforementioned competitions are for men if not stated differently. Women's football exists but is much less developed or popular.

Teams

By far the most popular clubs in the country are Vardar (Skopje), Rabotnichki (Skopje), Shkëndija (Tetovo), Pelister (Bitola) and Pobeda (Prilep).

History
The beginnings of football in North Macedonia date back to the early 20th century in the then Ottoman Empire, with the first recorded match taking place in Skopje in April 1909. At that place was erected a monument in the form of soccer ball weighing about 250 pounds, because it was the first official soccer match played on the territory of North Macedonia. The monument was erected here in 1979.

After the First World War, the region had become part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). A match was played in Skopje on April 20, 1919. It was the selection of the English army composed of the best players among the recruits, against Napredok of Skopje, Napredok would win the match by the score of 2-0. Since 1920, the clubs from the current territory of the Republic of North Macedonia had competed in the Yugoslav league system. First they were part of the Belgrade Football Subassociation (1920–1927), and later, in 1927, a separate Skoplje Football Subassociation was formed.  The creation of the later made it considerably easier for Macedonian clubs to access Yugoslav First League since the Subassocion leagues functioned as qualifying leagues for the Yugoslav national championship and they avoided the clubs from Belgrade. Gragjanski Skopje became usual participant during the late 1930s in the Yugoslav top tier.  By the late 1930s and early 1940s the league system was changed, and Macedonian clubs competed within the Serbian league.

In 1941, as a result of the Second World War, most of Vardar Macedonia was administered by the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The football clubs and leagues were restructured and incorporated into the Bulgarian league system. From 1941 until 1944, the strongest clubs from the region competed in the Bulgarian Championship. During that time, the selection of Macedonian clubs played against the selection of the German army, and played matches against Bulgaria. During this period, several players from Vardar Macedonia represented the Bulgaria national team.

In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, the region was reincorporated into Yugoslavia, and SR Macedonia was established as one of the 6 constituent socialist republics of SFR Yugoslavia.  The best Macedonian clubs usually competed in the Federal leagues, First and Second Yugoslav leagues, while the Macedonian Republic League was formed to serve as qualifying league for the federal ones.  In 1945, after the Second World War, a section of the Association of Sports in Skopje with Gustav Vlahov as president, was created. Finally on 14 August 1949, the Macedonian Football Association was formed and was part of the Football Association of Yugoslavia until 1991, when North Macedonia declared independence. The first president of the Football Federation of Macedonia was Ljubisav Ivanov - Dzingo. The best Macedonian players were part of the Yugoslav national team.

In 1991, North Macedonia became an independent sovereign nation as the Republic of Macedonia which would change to the Republic of North Macedonia in 2019. Macedonian clubs abandoned the Yugoslav football league system and created their own league system.  The first championship in North Macedonia was organized in the season 1992/93, in which 18 teams participated. Vardar from Skopje was the first champion without a lost match. They would also win the first ever Macedonian Cup. In 1994, North Macedonia became a member of FIFA and UEFA after the break-up of SFR Yugoslavia. In 1995, for the first time Macedonian clubs participated in European Cup matches. As champions, FK Vardar played in the UEFA Cup against Hungarian side Békéscsaba and lost 1–2 on aggregate. FK Sileks played in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, eliminating Vác Samsung in the first qualifying round before losing to Borussia Mönchengladbach in the next round.

The national team began its football journey with a 4–1 win against Slovenia in a friendly on 13 October 1993 under coach Andon Dončevski. They went on to win their next two friendlies against Slovenia and Estonia before suffering their first loss against Turkey on 31 August 1994 (before this they lost to Club Atlético Peñarol 0–4 in Montevideo in February 1994). The inaugural North Macedonia side featured Darko Pančev, who won the European Champions League with Red Star Belgrade in 1991 and also played for Internazionale in Italy. The Euro 96 Qualifiers was the first major qualifying tournament that North Macedonia participated in as an independent nation and they were grouped with Spain, Denmark, Belgium, Cyprus, and Armenia. In their opening game, which was also their first ever official match, North Macedonia was drawn against the reigning European Champions Denmark. The game was played at the City Stadium in Skopje on 7 September 1994 and it finished 1–1 (the first goal was scored by Mitko Stojkovski) with North Macedonia leading for most of the game after scoring in the fourth minute. Since then, North Macedonia has been participating in all FIFA and UEFA sanctioned qualifying tournaments.

In 2016, the national U-21 team qualified for the final tournament of 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship after finishing first in qualification group 3 behind France, Iceland, Ukraine, Scotland and Northern Ireland. That was the first time that the any national football team of North Macedonia qualified for a major tournament. In 2017, North Macedonia's capital Skopje were host the 2017 UEFA Super Cup between Real Madrid and Manchester United. Also, in that year, Vardar advanced to the group stage of the UEFA Europa League, after winning over two matches against Turkish giants Fenerbahçe in the play-off round, marking the first time that any Macedonian club qualified for the group stage of any European competition.

League system
As of the 2023/24 season. Leagues that have not been held in successive seasons have been marked as inactive.

1 Teams from Kratovo and Kriva Palanka usually get grouped together.

References

External links
Macedonian Football
Football Federation of Macedonia

lt:Makedonijos futbolo sistema

Football in North Macedonia


Pocket PC 2002 is the second released for Windows Mobile, was released for pubilc on October 4, 2001, there use by kernel type is Windows CE 2.10, based for Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002 was been the news codenamed is ''Merlin'' has succesor for Windows Mobile 2003.

History
In October 2000, Microsoft replaced of Pocket PC 2000 to beta version for codenamed ''Merlin'', has been the history of Pocket PC 2002 device in beta version, in January 14, 2001, Pocket PC 2002 build 2100 by Microsoft has reach taken on Microsoft Build 2001 and 2002, use for 3 device is Vodafone, LG and HTC Vouge. the news Pocket PC 2002 Pre-RTM can starting released on August 2001, notification news on April 15, 2001 at the Microsoft Build 2001 in Los Angeles, California.

In United Kingdom, Pocket PC 2002 can be released on UK in November 2001, use for many people in work company, businessman work, enterprise and at home. Pocket PC 2002 can mistaken notification for Bill Gates on September 9, 2001. In first day ago, after released to officially for operating system Windows XP, Microsoft released Pocket PC 2002 on October 4, 2001.

Device
Pocket PC 2002 can be choice for LG device, launch sale beginning on October 29, 2001. Pocket PC 2002 LG device can use for beginning sale in Campagin Shop. In November 2001, Bill Gates reach launched 6 device for LG, HTC Vouge and Vodafone for Pocket PC 2002, the officially released in Windows XP Mobile.

User interface
Pocket PC 2002 has been the news startup screen not loading bar, look like Windows XP are not iducle, after startup, Pocket PC 2002 can opens for the Today Screen, website browser for Wikipedia, not iducle for Google Chrome, Chromium, Firefox and Brave browser. Wikipedia mobile can be used for Google search and more, the shutdown screen use for left screen alongside with Pocket PC 2002 logo.

Related pages
 Windows Mobile
 Windows XP
 Windows 7
 Windows Phone 7

Operating systems

Pocket PC 2002


Huntington University is a private Christian university in Huntington, Indiana. It is affiliated with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ and a member of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU).

History
Huntington University opened as Central College in 1897 after the General Board of Education of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ proposed a new institution of higher learning in Huntington, Indiana. This came soon after the closure of Hartsville College, the denomination's college in Hartsville, Indiana. United Brethren Bishop Milton Wright, father of Orville and Wilbur Wright, served as professor of theology at Hartsville in 1868–1869 and later presided over the dedication ceremony of Central College on September 21, 1897. Hartsville supplied the initial faculty and students for Central College, which offered a coeducational program for both men and women and attracted international students from Sierra Leone, Japan, and elsewhere.

In its earliest decades, the college developed a curriculum in the liberal arts tradition, with courses leading to the Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Philosophy degrees. Programs in the fields of oratory, music, education, and business were included as well. The college's approach to education was both classical and progressive, as reflected in early endeavors such as a campus performance of Shakespeare's "As You Like It" in 1906, directed by professor of oratory Nellie Binning. Among the first student publications and organizations were the Central Literary Data (later The Huntingtonian), the Philomathean Literary Society, the Zetalethean Literary Society, and the Debating Club, as well as student singing clubs and athletic teams for both sexes. Japanese student Matajeiro Umeeda completed requirements for the college's new master's degree in 1903 with a thesis titled "Confucianism and Christianity."

In addition to its classical program of study, the college staffed courses in the applied sciences, and courses aimed at professional training for teachers and ministers. Botanist Fred A. Loew (1874–1950; A.M. Michigan State; Sc.D. Huntington College) built a herbarium (1903), agricultural research station (1914), and botanical garden (1937) at the college, signaling the institution's commitment to theoretical science as well as the practical application of scientific research. The college and its students also benefitted from the early involvement of Jacob L. Brenn (1896–1967), a Jewish chemist from Poland who started Huntington Laboratories (now Ecolab) in 1919 and served as founding President of the Huntington College Foundation (1938), which provided financial support for the institution. The Brenn family donated a large sum to help build the college's first major science building, Brenn Hall of Science (1963).

Having changed its name to Huntington College in 1917, the institution further clarified its mission as a traditional, four-year liberal arts college in the 1920s. The pre-collegiate Academy was closed and its two-year academic tracks were developed into four-year baccalaureate programs. Furthermore, the college secured state accreditation for its teacher training program. These positive trends were checked by the onset of the Great Depression when enrollment dwindled and funding became scarce. Although the denomination's Board of Education voted to suspend operations in 1932, they ultimately reversed their decision and opened as usual. World War II further challenged student recruitment efforts, with fall enrollment in 1942 bottoming out at 83 students (only 28 men). The G.I. Bill brought increased enrollment in the late 1940s and 1950s, and the administration began to pursue accreditation for the institution as a whole. This was achieved when the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (now the Higher Learning Commission) conferred accreditation in 1961. Further validation of the quality of Huntington's academic programs arrived in 1971 when the college was admitted to the Associated Colleges of Indiana (now the Independent Colleges of Indiana).

The 1970s was a formative era in the modern history of the college. Future Vice President Dan Quayle of Huntington taught as an adjunct instructor and served on the board of trustees. On campus, Steve Platt led the nation in collegiate scoring for two seasons and eventually set the record for collegiate scoring in the state of Indiana (3,700 points). He was inducted in the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. The careers of Quayle and Platt put Huntington in the national spotlight, and in the 1970s the college received its first gift from Ruth and Orville Merillat, a $1 million donation to help build a new physical education, athletics, and recreation facility. Over the next twenty years, the college benefitted greatly from the philanthropic efforts of the Merillat family as the campus expanded and new buildings appeared to serve a growing student body. Key facilities at Huntington bearing the Merillat family name include the Merillat Complex, the Merillat Centre for the Arts, and the RichLyn Library (named in honor of Lynette and Richard Merillat).

In the 1980s and 1990s the college enjoyed increasing recognition for its academic programs and its Christian liberal arts education. Faculty who earned Huntington College a heightened appreciation for its intellectual rigor included R. William Hasker (1935- ; Ph.D. Edinburgh), author of God, Time, and Knowledge (Cornell, 1989) and The Emergent Self (Cornell, 1999) and Paul Michelson (1945- ; Ph.D. Indiana), a prolific author and leading expert in the field of southeastern European history. Michelson served as past president of the Society for Romanian Studies and won the Balcescu Prize for History by the Romanian Academy (2000). The college also recruited James O'Donnell (MBA Columbia) to serve as executive-in-residence, and he brought a career's worth of experience in finance at Fidelity and Dreyfus to his courses and mentorship. O'Donnell authored several books on investments, and his essays have been featured in Barron's, The Wall Street Journal, Fortune, and America.

The institution adopted its current name in 2005, and expanded graduate offerings in occupational therapy (OTD) in 2014 and business (MBA) in 2017 to add to existing master's level programs in counseling, ministry, organizational leadership, and education. This program of expansion also included locating campuses in Fort Wayne for its doctoral program in occupational therapy, and in Peoria, Arizona for its undergraduate film, broadcast media, and animation programs.

2022 sexual abuse allegations
On September 30, 2022 two former student-athletes filed suit against the school and its former track coach, claiming the university violated the athletes' Title IX rights and failed to protect them from their predatory coach Nick Johnson. The former athletes' allegations included rape, inappropriate massage, and forced injections of undisclosed substances at the hands of their coach. By March 2023, a grand jury had indicted him on charges of sexual battery. Johnson had previously served a thirty day prison sentence in addition to 150 days of electronic monitoring in 2018 after being accused of child seduction, kidnapping and identity deception. He pleaded guilty to identity deception and the prosecution dropped the other charges. Johnson was subsequently fired as head coach and replaced by his wife Lauren Johnson.

Campus

Founded in 1897 by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Huntington University is located on a contemporary, lakeside campus in northeast Indiana. The campus comprises 160 acres with grassy areas, trees and Lake Sno-Tip.

Thornhill Nature Preserve is a  nature preserve that provides outdoor educational opportunities through the Reiff Nature Center, ropes course, and various community events.

The Merillat Centre for the Arts is a fine arts center that includes the Robert E. Wilson Gallery, as well as the Huntington University departments of art, music, and theatre.

There are seven residence halls on Huntington's campus. They are Wright, Hardy, Roush, Baker, Miller, Meadows and Livingston Halls. Students can also live in Forester Village, an upperclassmen apartment complex.

The Huntington Union Building (Known informally as the HUB) was recently renovated to create new space for students.

The institution also supports academic programs at the Parkview Hospital Randallia campus in Ft. Wayne, Indiana and at the Huntington University Arizona Center in Peoria, Arizona.

Organization
Huntington University has a "strong historic and ongoing relationship with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ," an evangelical denomination headquartered in Huntington, Indiana.

Academics
Huntington University offers graduate and undergraduate programs in more than 80 academic disciplines.

Rankings
Huntington University was tied for 22 of 127 in the Regional Universities Midwest category of the 2022-23 Best Colleges ranking by U.S. News & World Report. The university was also ranked 13 of 69 in Best Value Schools.

Athletics
The Huntington athletic teams are called the Foresters. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Crossroads League (formerly known as the Mid-Central College Conference (MCCC) until after the 2011–12 school year) since the 1959–60 academic year. They are also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the Midwest Region of the Division I level.

Huntington competes in 18 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball; and co-ed sports include cheerleading.

Student life
Huntington University students have the opportunity to participate in a number of activities and service opportunities throughout the year.  The Friesen Center for Volunteer Service provides students with a range of service projects and programs, including local blood drives and short-term mission experiences. Students may also run for office on Student Government Association and represent their classmates.  Student Government Association "serves as a liaison between students and faculty/staff/administration, and addresses issues that pertain to the student body."

Huntington University's Student Activities Board, more commonly known as SAB, is a student-led organization responsible for planning and facilitating student events.  The board plans and hosts more than a dozen annual events at Huntington University, including hoedowns, mud volleyball, laser tag, movies and concerts.  SAB also facilitates Olympiad, a popular 4-day event composed of various athletic games and challenges.

There are nearly 30 other student organizations available to students at Huntington University, from academic groups and honors societies to interest groups and clubs.

References

External links

 Official athletics website

Council for Christian Colleges and Universities
Buildings and structures in Huntington County, Indiana
Tourist attractions in Huntington County, Indiana
Evangelicalism in Indiana
1897 establishments in Indiana
Universities and colleges established in 1897

Huntington University (United States)


Bermudo or Vermudo, from Latin Veremundus, is a given name of Germanic origin. It may refer to:
Veremund (fl. c. 500), Suevic king of Galicia
Bermudo I of Asturias (r. 788–91), king, called "the Deacon" (el Diácono)
Bermudo II of León (r. 984–99), king, called "the Gouty" (el Gotoso)
Bermudo III of León (r. 1029–37), king
Bermudo Núñez (d. c. 955), first count of Cea
Bermudo (bishop of Oviedo) (d. 992/3)
Bermudo Ovéquiz (fl. 1044–92), Asturian magnate
Bermudo Pérez de Traba (d. 1168), Galician magnate

Bermudo


The following is a list of notable deaths in May 2016. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.

 Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, nationality, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and most importantly a source.

May

1
Jean-Marie Girault, 90, French politician, Mayor of Caen (1970–2001).
Solomon W. Golomb, 83, American mathematician (pentomino), engineer and educator (University of Southern California), heart failure.
Madeleine LeBeau, 92, French actress (Hold Back the Dawn, Casablanca, 8½), complications from a fall.

2
Mel Bartholomew, 84, American gardener and author, creator of square foot gardening, liver cancer.
Jonathan Cainer, 58, British astrologer (Daily Mail), heart attack.
John Kaye, 60, Australian politician, member of the New South Wales Legislative Council (since 2007), cancer.
Roger Millward, 68, British rugby league player (Hull Kingston Rovers, Castleford Tigers, national team), jaw cancer.
Karel Pečko, 95, Slovenian artist.
Afeni Shakur, 69, American businesswoman (Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts, Amaru Entertainment, Makaveli Branded) and political activist (Black Panthers), mother of Tupac Shakur, heart attack.

3
Ian Deans, 78, Canadian politician, MP (1980–1986), Parkinson's disease.
Abel Fernandez, 85, American actor (The Untouchables, Pork Chop Hill), lung cancer.
Marianne Gaba, 76, American model (Playboy) and actress (The Choppers, How to Stuff a Wild Bikini, Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine), brain cancer.
Kaname Harada, 99, Japanese World War II flying ace and anti-war activist, multiple organ failure.
Karol Machata, 88, Slovak actor (St. Peter's Umbrella, A Song About the Gray Pigeon).
Nicolas Noxon, 79, American filmmaker (Secrets of the Titanic), pancreatic cancer.
Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd, 81, Swedish artist (Non-Violence), pneumonia.
Jadranka Stojaković, 65, Bosnian singer-songwriter ("Sve smo mogli mi", "Što te nema", "Bistre vode Bosnom teku"), motor neurone disease.
Janusz Tazbir, 87, Polish historian.

4
Ángel de Andrés López, 64, Spanish actor (What Have I Done to Deserve This?, 800 Bullets), heart attack.
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, 69, Burundian politician, President (1976–1987).
Bob Bennett, 82, American politician, United States Senator from Utah (1993–2011), pancreatic cancer.
Karl W. Butzer, 81, American geographer.
Olle Ljungström, 54, Swedish singer-songwriter (Reeperbahn) and guitarist ("Venuspassagen", "Peep-Show", "Intriger").
Rita Renoir, 82, French stripteaser and actress (The Red Desert, Cannabis, The Angel).
Friedrich Schattleitner, 92, Austrian sport shooter.

5
Sylvia Kauders, 94, American actress (Inside Llewyn Davis, Witness, Predator 2), heart attack.
Romalı Perihan, 74, Turkish actress (La Dolce Vita, Waterloo, Web of the Spider) and singer, heart attack.
Siné, 87, French political cartoonist (L'Express, Charlie Hebdo), complications from lung surgery.
Isao Tomita, 84, Japanese musician (Snowflakes Are Dancing) and composer, heart failure.

6
Hannes Bauer, 61, German trombonist.
Nico de Bree, 71, Dutch footballer (N.E.C., Anderlecht), cancer.
Patrick Ekeng, 26, Cameroonian footballer (Le Mans, Dinamo Bucuresti), heart attack.
Reg Grundy, 92, Australian television production mogul (Reg Grundy Organisation).
David Hall, 85, American politician, Governor of Oklahoma (1971–1975), stroke.
Margot Honecker, 89, East German politician, Minister of People's Education (1963–1989), First Lady of East Germany (1976–1989).
Candye Kane, 54, American blues singer-songwriter and pornographic actress, pancreatic cancer.
Chris Mitchell, 27, Scottish footballer (Clyde).
Valeriy Zuyev, 63, Ukrainian football player (Dynamo Kyiv) and manager.

7
Bernardo Ribeiro, 26, Brazilian footballer (Skënderbeu, Newcastle Jets, IFK Mariehamn), heart attack.
John Stabb, 54, American punk singer (Government Issue), stomach cancer.

8
Philippe Beaussant, 86, French author (Lully ou le musicien du solei, Héloïse) and musicologist, member of the Académie française (since 2007).
Tonita Castro, 63, American actress (Dads, Funny People, The Book of Life), stomach cancer.
Ken Gorgal, 87, American football player (Cleveland Browns, Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers).
Nick Lashaway, 28, American actor (Girls, In Time, The Last Song), traffic collision.
Elisa Mainardi, 85, Italian actress (Fellini Satyricon, Roma, And the Ship Sails On).
William Schallert, 93, American actor  (The Patty Duke Show, Get Smart, In the Heat of the Night), President of SAG (19791981), complications from peripheral neuropathy.
Anne van den Ban, 88, Dutch agricultural economist.
John Young, 67, American baseball player (Detroit Tigers), founder of Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities, diabetes.
John Bradshaw, 82, American motivational speaker, writer (Homecoming: Reclaiming and Championing Your Inner Child) and television host (Bradshaw On: Homecoming), heart failure.

9
Gareth Gwenlan, 79, British television producer (Only Fools and Horses).
Walther Leisler Kiep, 90, German politician, member of Bundestag (1965–1967; 1980–1982), Minister of Economy (1976–1977) and Minister of Finance (1976–1980), pneumonia.
Karl Maramorosch, 101, American virologist, entomologist and plant pathologist.
Riki Sorsa, 63, Finnish singer ("Reggae OK"), cancer.
John Warr, 88, English cricketer (Middlesex County Criket Club, national team).

10
Mustafa Badreddine, 55, Lebanese Hezbollah military leader, airstrike.
Louis van Gasteren, 93, Dutch movie director (Hans: Het Leven Voor De Dood, De prijs van overleven), producer, and artist.
Gene Gutowski, 90, American movie producer (The Pianist, The Fearless Vampire Killers, Cul-de-sac), pneumonia.
Ilkka Hanski, 63, Finnish ecologist.
Mark Lane, 89, American lawyer, author (Rush to Judgment), and conspiracy theorist (Assassination of John F. Kennedy), heart attack.
Kang Young-hoon, 93, South Korean politician, Prime Minister (1988–1990).

11
Peter Behrens, 68, German musician (Trio), multiple organ failure.
Tony Cozier, 75, Barbadian cricket writer and commentator.
Katherine Dunn, 70, American writer (Geek Love), lung cancer.
Motiur Rahman Nizami, 73, Bangladeshi politician, leader of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (since 2000) and member of parliament for Pabna (1991—1996, 2001—2008), execution by hanging.
Michael Ratner, 72, American lawyer, complications from cancer.
Joe Temperley, 86, Scottish saxophonist (Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra), kidney failure.

12
Mike Agostini, 81, Trinidadian sprinter, Commonwealth Games gold medalist (1954), pancreatic cancer.
Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia, 91, Serbian royal.
Susannah Mushatt Jones, 116, American supercentenarian, world's oldest living person (since June 2015).
Julius La Rosa, 86, American pop singer ("Anywhere I Wander", "Manhattan", "Eh, Cumpari").
Del Latta, 96, American politician, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio (1959–1989).
Yukio Ninagawa, 80, Japanese movie (Ao no Honō) and theatre director (Hamlet, Titus Andronicus, Coriolanus), pneumonia.
Georges Sesia, 91, French footballer (Stade Français Paris, Nancy, national team).

13
Sammy Ellis, 75, American baseball player (Cincinnati Reds), cancer.
Rodrigo Espíndola, 26, Argentine footballer (Nueva Chicago), shot.
David McNiven Garner, 87, New Zealand oceanographer.
Dick McAuliffe, 76, American baseball player (Detroit Tigers), World Series winner (1968), stroke.
Baba Hardev Singh, 62, Indian spiritual guru, head of the Sant Nirankari Mission (since 1980), traffic collision.

14
Tony Barrow, 80, British press officer (The Beatles).
Balázs Birtalan, 46, Hungarian author and activist.
Darwyn Cooke, 53, Canadian comic book artist (Catwoman, The Spirit, DC: The New Frontier), lung cancer.
Lasse Mårtenson, 81, Finnish singer ("Laiskotellen"), brain haemorrhage.
Christy O'Connor Snr, 91, Irish golfer, uncle of Christy O'Connor Jnr.
Monteagle Stearns, 91, American diplomat, Ambassador to Greece (1981–1985) and Ambassador to Ivory Coast (1976–1979).

15
Oya Aydoğan, 59, Turkish actress (Yedi Bela Hüsnü), model and television presenter, aortic aneurysm.
Erika Berger, 76, German television presenter and author.
Clovis Maksoud, 89, American diplomat, Ambassador of the Arab League to India (1961–1966) the United Nations (1979–1990) and the United States (1979–1990), journalist (Al-Ahram) and educator (American University), cerebral hemorrhage.
Cauby Peixoto, 85, Brazilian singer ("Maxximum") and actor (Com Água na), pneumonia.
Michael Roberds, 52, Canadian actor (The New Addams Family, Elf, Hot Tub Time Machine), suspected heart attack.
Marion Tournon-Branly, 91, French architect (Fleury Abbe, Manosque, Fontenelle Abbey).

16
Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur, 64, British judge, Lord Mayor of London (2002–2003), heart attack.
Giovanni Coppa, 90, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, Apostolic Nuncio (1979–2001).
Bobby Freeman, 82, American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana (1980–1988), aneurysm.
Romaldo Giurgola, 95, American-Australian architect (Parliament House).
Aar de Goede, 87, Dutch politician, member of the House of Representatives (1967–1973), State Secretary of Finance (1973–1977), member of the European Parliament (1979–1984).
Jim McMillian, 68, American basketball player (Los Angeles Lakers, Buffalo Braves, New York Knicks), NBA champion (1972), heart failure.
Emilio Navaira, 53, American country and Tejano singer (Life Is Good), heart attack.
David Rendel, 67, British politician, MP for Newbury (1993–2005), cancer.

17
Seán Ardagh, 68, Irish politician, TD (1997–2011).
Guy Clark, 74, American folk singer-songwriter ("Desperados Waiting for a Train", "Workbench Songs", "My Favorite Picture of You"), Grammy winner (2014), lymphoma.
Benjamin de Roo, 76, Australian gymnast, complications from a stroke.
Huguette Dreyfus, 87, French harpsichordist and educator (Schola Cantorum).
Alexandru Lăpușan, 61, Romanian politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies (1992–1994) and Minister of Agriculture (1992–1996).
François Maistre, 91, French actor (Angélique, Marquise des Anges, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie).
Yūko Mizutani, 51, Japanese voice actress (Minnie Mouse, Black Jack, Tenchi Muyo!) and singer, breast cancer.

18
Luis H. Álvarez, 96, Mexican industrialist and politician, President of the National Action Party (1987–1993), complications from pneumonia.
Boris Schnaiderman, 99, Brazilian translator, writer and essayist.
Fritz Stern, 90, American historian.
Lino Toffolo, 81, Italian actor (Yuppi du, Brancaleone at the Crusades, Million Dollar Eel) and singer.

19
Alexandre Astruc, 92, French movie critic (French New Wave) and director (The Crimson Curtain, La Putain respectueuse, Amour de poche).
John Berry, 52, American guitarist (Beastie Boys), complications from dementia.
Jim Ray Hart, 74, American baseball player (San Francisco Giants, New York Yankees).
Marco Pannella, 86, Italian politician and civil rights activist, MEP (1979–2009), lung and liver cancer.
Morley Safer, 84, American journalist (60 Minutes), pneumonia.
Alan Young, 96, Canadian-American actor (Mister Ed, The Time Machine, Ducktales).

20
Gert Bals, 79, Dutch footballer (Eindhoven, Ajax, Vitesse).
Patricia M. Derian, 86, American human and civil rights activist, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs (1977–1981), Alzheimer's disease.
Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo, 83, Spanish journalist and athlete, founder of Aventura 92.
Brandon Grove, Jr., 87, American diplomat, Ambassador to East Germany (1974–1977) and Ambassador to Zaire (1984–1987), complications from cancer.
John David Jackson, 91, Canadian physicist and educator (University of California, Berkeley).
Wheelock Whitney, Jr., 89, American businessman, sports owner (Minnesota Twins, Minnesota Vikings), educator (Carlson School of Management), philanthropist, and politician, 1964 United States senate and 1884 Governor of Minnesota Republican-nominee.

21
Gaston Berghmans, 90, Belgian comedian and actor (The Silent Hedonist).
Akhtar Mansour, c.48, Afghan Islamist, Minister of the Emirate for Aviation and Tourism (1996–2001), leader of the Taliban (since 2015), airstrike.
Nick Menza, 51, American drummer (Megadeth), heart failure.
Sándor Tarics, 102, Hungarian water polo player, Olympic gold medalist (1936).

22
Lucjan Avgustini, 52, Albanian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Sapë (since 2006), heart attack.
Adolf Born, 85, Czech painter, filmmaker, caricaturist, illustrator and animator (Mach a Šebestová).
Leonorilda Ochoa, 76, Mexican actress (Los Beverly de Peralvillo, Capulina Speedy González, Rubí) and comedian, Alzheimer's disease.
Velimir Sombolac, 77, Serb football player (Partizan, Yugoslavia national football team, Olimpija Ljubljana) and manager (Kozara Gradiška, Republika Srpska).
Bata Živojinović, 82, Serbian actor (Walter Defends Sarajevo) and politician, member of the Serbian Parliament (1990–2004), 2002 presidential candidate, complications from gangrene.

23
John Brophy, 83, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (Birmingham Bulls, Toronto Maple Leafs, Hampton Roads Admirals), namesake of John Brophy Award.
Joe Fleishaker, 62, American actor (Troma's War, Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D., Late Show with David Letterman), heart attack.
Zdeněk Mézl, 81, Czech illustrator and writer (A Battle for Cathedral, Hey, Slavs!), heart attack.

24
Lewis Fiander, 78, Australian actor (Pride and Prejudice, Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde, The Abdication), stroke.
Buck Kartalian, 93, American actor (Planet of the Apes, Cool Hand Luke, The Rock).
Burt Kwouk, 85, British actor (The Pink Panther, Last of the Summer Wine, Goldfinger), cancer.
Mell Lazarus, 89, American cartoonist (Miss Peach, Momma), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
Berend Jan Udink, 90, Dutch politician, Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (1972–1973), Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning (1971–1973), and Minister for Development Cooperation (1967–1971).

25
Nancy Dow, 79, American actress (The Beverley Hillbillies, The Wild Wild West, Pure) and model, mother of Jennifer Aniston, complications from a stroke.
Gyula Kosice, 92, Czechoslovakian-born Argentine poet and sculptor.
John Webster, 60, British theologian (Anglican Communion) and educator (St Mary's College, St Andrews).
Yang Jiang, 104, Chinese playwright, author, and translator (Don Quixote).

26
Kazimierz Barburski, 73, Polish fencer, Olympic bronze medalist (1968).
Loris Francesco Capovilla, 100, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.
Ted Dumitru, 76, Romanian football manager (Kaizer Chiefs, Mamelodi Sundowns), heart attack.
Hedy Epstein, 91, German-born American Holocaust survivor and political activist (International Solidarity Movement), cancer.
Angela Paton, 86, American actress (Groundhog Day, American Wedding, Lolita), heart attack.
Arturo Pomar, 84, Spanish chess grandmaster.
Bob Williams, 86, American football player (Chicago Bears), Parkinson's disease.

27
Kai G. Henriksen, 60, Norwegian businessman (Vinmonopolet), complications from pancreatic cancer.
František Jakubec, 60, Czech football player (Bohemians Prague, Bellinzona, Czechoslovakia national football team), heart attack.
Marshall Jones, 75, American musician (Ohio Players).

28
Giorgio Albertazzi, 92, Italian actor (Little World of Don Camillo, Last Year at Marienbad, Some Say No), movie director (La governante, Gradiva), screenwriter and singer (Gli angeli del potere).
Stanley Burke, 93, Canadian television journalist (The National).
David Cañada, 41, Spanish cyclist (ONCE, Mapei, Saunier Duval–Prodir), race collision.
Bryce Dejean-Jones, 23, American basketball player (New Orleans Pelicans), shot.
Marion Lambert, 73, Belgian-born Swiss art collector, road accident.

29
T. Marshall Hahn, 89, American academic administrator, President of Virginia Tech (1962–1974).
Ralph Ketner, 95, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founder of Food Lion, colon cancer.
Don McNay, 57, American financial author and columnist (The Huffington Post), suspected heart attack.

30
Kenne Fant, 93, Swedish actor (Prison) and director (Adventures of Nils Holgersson). (death announced on this date)
Tom Lysiak, 63, Canadian ice hockey player (Atlanta Flames, Chicago Blackhawks, national team), leukemia.
Rick MacLeish, 66, Canadian ice hockey player (Philadelphia Flyers), kidney and liver failure.

31
Mohamed Abdelaziz, 68, Sahrawi politician, President (since 1976), lung cancer.
Jan Crouch, 78, American televangelist and broadcasting executive (Trinity Broadcasting Network), complications from a stroke.
Antonio Imbert Barrera, 95, Dominican politician, President (1965).
Carla Lane, 87, English television writer (The Liver Birds, Butterflies, Bread)
Rupert Neudeck, 77, German journalist and humanitarian (Cap Anamur), complications from heart surgery.
David Tod Roy, 83, Chinese translator, complications from ALS.

Months
 January
 February
 March
 April
 May
 June
 July
 August
 September
 October
 November
 December

Related pages
 Deaths in 2014
 Deaths in 2015

References

Other websites
 The Guardian, UK obituaries
 Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
 Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
 The New York Times, US obituaries
 The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
 The Telegraph obituaries

05
May 2016 events

Deaths in May 2016


Tom Johnson's An Hour for Piano was written in 1971.  The piece began as a series of short, improvisatory sketches in 1967 when Johnson was accompanying a modern dance class at New York University.  Johnson gradually expanded these sketches and added transitions between them, writing a piece that is to be played in exactly one hour.  Achieving this goal requires an absolutely steady tempo for the duration of the piece, which Johnson has set at quarter note = 59.225 beats per minute.  The only recording that is exactly sixty minutes long was recently released by the Irritable Hedgehog label and performed by R. Andrew Lee.

An Hour for Piano is deceptively simple, with six basic textures that come and go at the composer's whim.  There is no order to these textures, and the transitions between them blur significantly the boundaries between them.  Kyle Gann writes, "It never deviates from the key of G, though some dissonant motives wash through from time to time. The pedal is held constantly, and 99 percent of the notes are in or just above the treble clef."   The effect is one where the past and present become irrelevant and the listener experiences an almost eternal present.

In 1974, Johnson also wrote program notes to accompany the piece.  These notes are meant to be read while listening to the work, and they encourage the listener to "not to allow the program notes to distract you from concentrating on the music. They are intended to increase your ability to concentrate on the piece, and not to distract from it."  These lengthy notes mirror the composition in certain ways, with sentences and entire paragraphs that return frequently and with subtle alterations to the text.  The effect is similar to Johnson's landmark article, "What is Minimalism Really About?"

While An Hour for Piano has not enjoyed the same level of recognition that other standard minimalist compositions have, it still "represents many of minimalism's best qualities while avoiding many of its pitfalls. It is an understated watershed of a composition - simple enough to understand on first hearing, complex enough to never fully comprehend, and important enough to usher in a new mode of composition."

References

External links
Tom Johnson's website
An Hour for Piano, produced by Irritable Hedgehog Music, performed by R. Andrew Lee, 2010.  Streaming available.
An Hour for Piano, produced by Lovely Music, performed by Frederic Rzewski, 1974.
R. Andrew Lee's website

Minimalistic compositions
1971 compositions

An Hour for Piano


By the Candelabra's Glare is a 1898 collection of poems written by L. Frank Baum. One of his earliest works, the book was significant in Baum's evolution from amateur to professional author.

The book
Baum's first book, Mother Goose in Prose, had been published in 1897 by the Chicago firm Way and Williams. The book was attractively produced, with illustrations by a young Maxfield Parrish; but its relatively high price for a children's book limited its commercial success. Publisher Way and Williams went bankrupt in 1898. For his second book, Baum reverted to his earlier amateur mode. Baum had had his own printing press as a youth, and had created a family newspaper; in 1898 he obtained another small printing press and some cases of type, and personally printed and bound 99 copies of a collection of his verse. Baum's sons took over the press when he was done with it.

Help from friends
Baum had lived in Chicago since 1891, and was intimate with a circle of the city's journalists and newspaper artists. Through his trade journal The Show Window, he knew publishers too. He solicited a coterie of friends to help him with his vanity project: he "relied on friends in the publishing trade to provide the paper, zinc etchings, inks, all other materials, including the illustrations." Eight local artists supplied pictures for the book. The eight were:

 Ralph Fletcher Seymour, who would hand-letter Baum's Father Goose: His Book the following year;
 Charles Jerome Costello, who would help Seymour with the Father Goose lettering, and who would hand-letter Baum's The Army Alphabet and The Navy Alphabet in 1900;
 Thomas Mitchell Pierce, a son-in-law of Baum's sister Harriet Alvena Baum Neal who would illustrate Baum's Daughters of Destiny in 1906;
 ;
 Frank Hazenplug;
 Charles M. Tuttle;
 Gwynne C. Price, the only woman among the eight;
 and most significantly, W. W. Denslow, who would illustrate three more Baum books in three years — Father Goose (1899), The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), and Dot and Tot of Merryland (1901).

Baum dedicated the book to friend (and future creditor) Harrison H. Rountree, a businessman and brother-in-law of Chauncey L. Williams (the Williams in Way and Williams, Baum's first book publisher). Rountree would control the rights to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and other Baum books for two decades (1911–32), after Baum went bankrupt.

The verse
The 41 poems in the Candelabra collection include sentimental and humorous verses that Baum had composed over the preceding years, some of which had been printed in newspapers, including Baum's own South Dakota paper, The Aberdeen Pioneer. One of the poems is "La Reine est Mort – Vive La Reine," a humorous look at early feminists.

And shout hurrah for the woman new!
With her necktie, shirt and toothpick shoe,
With tailor-made suit and mien severe
She's here!

Another poem, "Two Women," provides a more serious view of the same subject, in a contrast between "woman Old" and "woman New." A poem from the South Dakota years, "Nance Adkins," has a farm wife as its heroine.

Aftermath
Though By the Candelabra's Glare was a privately printed vanity project, it led to Baum's first literary and commercial breakthrough. The final section of the book featured nine Baum poems for children; Baum decided to expand this into a new collection. The result was his and Denslow's Father Goose, a major and pathbreaking success of 1899 that launched Baum's literary career. (Two poems appear in both books.)

Copies of the original edition of By the Candelabra's Glare are "now extremely rare and much sought by collectors." The book was published again in facsimile in 1981, with an introduction by Baum scholar Peter Hanff.

References

External links

1898 children's books
1898 poetry books
Books by L. Frank Baum
American poetry collections
Children's poetry books
Self-published books

By the Candelabra's Glare


Insolation is derived  from  the  words "incoming solar radiation". Insolation is specifically applied to radiation which is arriving at earth's atmosphere first and then earth's surface. The heat is derived from solar energy, normally called solar radiation. Insolation is the solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. It is measured by the amount of solar energy received per square centimetre per minute. Similarly, solar energy received by the earth is called insolation. It is the amount of incoming solar radiation that is received over a unit area of the earth's surface. Solar energy received over the planet's surface varies according to season, latitude, transparency of the atmosphere, and aspect or ground slope.

Insolation affects temperature. The more the insolation, the higher the temperature.

In any given day, the strongest insolation is received at noon.

Factors influencing insolation
The amount of insolation received on the earth's surface is not uniform everywhere. It varies according to the place and time. When the tropical regions receive maximum annual insolation, it gradually decreases towards the poles. Insolation happens more in summers and less in winters. The major factors which influence the amount of insolation received are:

 Solar constant
 The angle of incidence of the sun's rays
 Duration of the day
Earth Distance from Sun
 Transparency of the atmosphere

Solar Constant
At the top of the earth's atmosphere, received insolation  is  expressed  as  the  solar  constant. It receives  at  the  top  of  the  atmospheric surface (thermopause) on  a perpendicular  plane  to the solar beam. The average insolation received at the thermopause i.e.1368Wm2(Watt per squaremetre)energy(solar constant) is in the form of short wave. Thus, it is termed as solar constant for that  mean  distance  from  the  sun. These solar constant  is  varying  over 1 Wm2 by  periodic disturbances and explosions in the solar surface basically related to sun spot. Sun spots are dark and cooler areas visible on the sun's surface.The  recent  researches  have  shown  that  more and more  energy  is  released  when  the  sunpots  are  in  large  number.The  number  of  sunspots  also increases  or  decreases  on  a  regular  basis,  creating  a  cycle  of  11  years.

The angle of incidence

Since the earth is a geoid resembling a sphere, the sun's rays strike the surface at different angles at different places. This depends on the latitude of the place.The higher the latitude, the less is the angle they make with the surface of the earth.
The area covered by the vertical rays is always less than the slant rays. If more area is covered, the energy gets distributed and the net energy received per unit area decreases. Moreover, the sun's rays with small angle traverse more of the atmosphere than rays striking at a large angle.

Duration of The Day
The length  of  the  day  determines  the  duration  of  sunlight  which  affects  the  amount  of solar radiation received by the earth's surface. The longer  period  of sunshine,  greater  the  quantity  of solar  radiation will be  received by  a  portion  of  earth.For  example,  at  the  equator  the  length  of days  and  nights  is  12  hours in  all  the  months but the  tropics  of  Arctic  and  Antarctic sunshine duration varies between 0 and 24. On the autumn and springe quinoxes (September 23and March 21 respectively),the sun is overhead at the equatorat noon.The night and day all over the earth are equal on these days and maximum amount of insolation is received at the equator, and the amount of insolation decreasing towards  the  poles.It  is  caused  by  vertical  sunshine  at  equator  but  with  increasing  latitudes,  the rays  become  more  and  more  slanting.  Therefore,  poleward,  the  received  energy  keeps  on declining.

Earth's Distance from Sun
The earth is  revolving around  the  sun  in  an  elliptical  orbit, resulting  continuous  change  in the distance between sun and the earth on annual basis. It leads to seasonal variation in solar energy received by  the  earth.The  mean  distance  between  the  earth  and  sun  is  about  149,600,000 kilometers(92,900,000  miles).When  earth position is  farthest(152  million  km)  from sun  is known as 'aphelion' on  July  4.  It  is  perihelion(147  million  km)occurs on January  3  each  year which  is  the  closest  distance. During  aphelion the  northern  hemisphere  is  facing  the  sun  and therefore  receives  energy  about  7  percent  less  than  the  perihelion  (southern  hemisphere).

Transparency of the Atmosphere
Atmosphere is not transparent for all the radiation coming from the sun because of different composition and layers.   It is  also  one  of  the  controlling  factors of  insolation to  reach  earth surface. The   atmosphere   is   composed   of   gases,   water   vapour   and particulate   matters.The atmosphere  is  a  mixture  of  gases,such  as nitrogen(N),  oxygen  (O2), Argon, carbon  dioxide, Neon  (Ne),  Helium  (He),  Methane  (CH4),  Krypton  (Kr),  Ozone  (O3),  Nitrous  oxide  (N2O), Hydrogen (H) and Xenon (Xe). The atmosphere also contains water vapour, water in the gaseous state.

The longer the duration of daylight, the more the insolation received per day.

Other websites
 National Science Digital Library - Insolation
 Yesterday's Australian Solar Radiation Map

Solar energy
Climate

Insolation


Lake Cochituate is a body of water in Natick, Wayland, and Framingham, Massachusetts, United States. Originally a reservoir serving Boston, it no longer serves that function, and is now a local recreational resource and home to Cochituate State Park.

Description
Lake Cochituate consists of three linked ponds known as North Pond, Middle Pond, and South Pond. A large peninsula in South Pond is the site of the US Army Soldier Systems Center (SSC), and the eastern shore holds the trails of Pegan Cove Park. Middle Pond is home to Cochituate State Park, which includes boat ramps and a picnic area. North Pond is the site of both Wayland Town Beach and Saxonville Beach of Framingham.

On the edge of Middle Pond is the new MathWorks Lakeside campus. This building was originally a Carling brewery, built in 1957. The former Saxonville Industrial Track runs alongside sections of the lake, which brought supplies to both the Carling Brewery, the ITT Continental Bakery, and a Green Stamps warehouse located on the edge of the lake in an area formerly called an industrial park. The Cochituate Rail Trail runs along the lake on the former track's right-of-way, from downtown Natick to Saxonville, a section of Framingham.

The three ponds and their connector ponds cover a total of . South of Cochituate, the  Dug Pond is the site of Natick High School. The Lake Cochituate watershed, part of the Sudbury River watershed, encompasses  in Natick, Wayland, Framingham, Ashland, and Sherborn. This in turn is part of the Concord River and Merrimack River watersheds. Cochituate is also the name of a village in Wayland.

In 2005, a severe thunderstorm occurred that produced a violent microburst that knocked down dozens of trees and injured some visitors, according to the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. Two teens, Ahmie Harman and Valeria Barbier, had a tree fall on them, while another teen, Oliver Barbier, was caught in the lightning storm. Though sustaining injuries, all soon recovered. A memorial plaque, in witness of the event, has been placed there to remember them and others who survived the storm.

History

Lake Cochituate was created by the construction of Lake Cochituate Dam to provide a reservoir for water supply to the city of Boston, via the  Cochituate Aqueduct. Lake Cochituate was the first major water supply system built for the city, and replaced the previous usage of Jamaica Pond. Developed from 1848 to 1863, it supplied Boston's water until 1951, by which time it had been supplanted by the larger Wachusett and Quabbin Reservoir supplies. The surveys and plans for the project were performed by civil engineer James Fowle Baldwin (1782–1862), the son of Loammi Baldwin who designed the Middlesex Canal, and younger brother of Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (1780–1838) who authored the earlier studies for a Boston water supply. Its 1890 dam, replacing two older dams on the lake's northwestern outlet, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The former gatehouse for the Cochituate Aqueduct is located on the east side of the lake.

References

Report on Introducing Pure Water Into the City of Boston.  By Loammi Baldwin, Jr., published 1834, 78 pages.
Report on Introducing Pure Water Into the City of Boston.  By Loammi Baldwin, Jr., published 1835, 143 pages.

External links
MassWildlife Pond map and info
Old USGS maps of Framingham and Lake Cochituate  see 1894 southeast corner.
1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. by Wall & Gray.  Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.

Natick, Massachusetts
Framingham, Massachusetts
Wayland, Massachusetts
Cochituate
Cochituate

Lake Cochituate


Bewick Island is part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in the Howick Group National Park and is about 100 km south-east of Cape Melville, Queensland. It is around 130 hectares or 1.3 square km in size.

The island is north-west of Howick Island and home to sea turtles and sea pigeons.

Maritime collision
About 0134 on 20 June 1985 the Australian registered bulk carrier River Boyne of 51,994 gross tons, on passage from Weipa to Gladstone with a cargo of bauxite, collided with the Australian registered fishing vessel Babirusa, on passage from Cairns to the Gulf of Carpentaria, in approximate position 1 4 ' 18'S, 114° 39'E. There was no injury to any person and the only damage sustained was to the starboard outrigger boom and the sternlight on the Babirusa.

Having established that the Babirusa required no assistance, the River Boyne continued its voyage to Gladstone. The Babirusa returned to Cairns for repairs.

References

Islands on the Great Barrier Reef
Uninhabited islands of Australia
Islands of Far North Queensland
Places in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

Bewick Island


Tipton Harriers are a running team that were created in September 1910, when the members of the Tipton branch of Birchfield Harriers resolved to end their connection and become independent. Soon, over 40 members were meeting and training regularly from a former painters' workshop and store in a loft behind a shop and houses in Waterloo Street. These primitive facilities, sparsely furnished, using two 18 feet square, 8 inches deep beer cooling vats as baths with water heated in an old copper washing boiler, remained the club H.Q. until 1936. The house where the formation took place was demolished in the 1960s.

Much of this happened despite serious bomb damage during the Zeppelin raids in 1916 and the obstruction of the non-improving landlady.

In competition the green and white hooped vests with the whippet emblem surmounting the slogan "Swift and Eager", soon became a force to be reckoned with in cross-country competition. This despite the demands of the armed forces and munitions work during World War 1, and the ravages caused by the economic depressions of the 1920s and early 1930s when at times up to 80% of the members were unemployed. After the war membership grew and club branches were founded at Wolverhampton, Dudley, Wednesbury and Cradley Heath until this practice was banned by the M.C.A.A.A. in 1924.

The first major team successes, winning the Midlands 'junior' and Staffordshire Championships arrived in the 1925–26 season where they were also runners-up in the Midland Senior Championship. This marked the beginning of the first golden age for the club, which was dominated by two outstanding individuals, Jack Holden and the club president 'Innie' Palethorpe. Together they transformed the image and the reputation of the club.

The Harrier public house, which opened on Powis Avenue in the 1950s, is named after Tipton Harriers.

The club train at Tipton Sports Academy on the Wednesbury Oak Road. They are regularly on top in the Wharfedale Triangle League, a league between Wolves and Bilston AC, Tipton Harriers and Dudley and Stourbridge Harriers.

External links
Tipton Harriers Website

Sports clubs and teams established in 1910
Sport in Sandwell
Athletics clubs in England
1910 establishments in England
Tipton

Tipton Harriers


Lansing Manufacturers Railroad was a beltline switching railroad organized in 1904 to connect Cornelius Vanderbilt's Michigan Central mainline on the north edge of Lansing, Michigan, to automotive factories on the west and south side of the city and to Sir Henry Tyler's Grand Trunk Railroad along the north bank of the Grand River. The company's , C-shaped right of way lay entirely within the city limits. Important customers included GM's Reatta Craft Centre, Lansing Metal Center, and both plants of Lansing Car Assembly.

History

Corporate

Founded on August 30, 1904, with an authorized capital stock of $100,000, the LMR built its first three miles (5 km) of track during 1905. The founding owners were August Smith and Samuel L. Smith of Detroit, James B. Seager and S.F. Seager of Lansing, and James H. Seager of Houghton.

With an agreement signed May 29, 1905, and effective July 1, 1905, the LMR entered into a 25-year lease with the Michigan Central Railroad and Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway (later incorporated into the New York Central Railroad). The agreement called for annual lease payments of $7,500 plus $50 for expenses, and for the lessors to pay the interest on the LMR's $75,000 bonded debt. The Michigan Central was to operate the line and divide earnings and expenses evenly with the Lake Shore.  At that time, the LMR's  route encircled the city.

The New York Central Railroad became an equal partner in the lease with a December 29, 1905, agreement with the Michigan Central.

By the end of 1917, the total investment in road and equipment had reached $175,000. James H. Seager served as president, S.F. Seager as secretary/treasurer, and O.A. Jenison as superintendent. Both Seagers were also among the six directors, as was James B. Seager.

As part of the nationalization of American railroads during World War I, the LMR was taken over by the United States Railroad Administration on January 1, 1918, and operated under federal supervision as part of the New York Central and Michigan Central systems until March 1, 1920.

In order to protect their interests in this short but important rail link, in December 1919 the board of directors of the Michigan Central approved the acquisition of one half of the stock of the Lansing Manufacturers Railroad, and assumption of one half ($18,000) of the LMR's debt. The New York Central acquired the balance. From that point on, the LMR was a captive asset of the two larger railroads.

On July 1, 1930, the lease with the Michigan Central Railroad was renewed.

Even though its ownership was indirect, the New York Central's annual reports show ongoing investment in improvements on the LMR, albeit on a modest scale. For example, the 1932 report shows $8249.07 charged to the LMR.

The 1968 merger between the New York Central and the Pennsylvania Railroad, creating a PRR-dominated Penn Central Railroad, presaged a change in the ownership of the Lansing Manufacturers Railroad. In a merger completed on July 23, 1969, the LMR was acquired by Penndel, a Penn Central holding company. At the time, the par value of the LMR was still $100,000—the original 1000 shares at $100, half owned by Penn Central and half by Michigan Central (itself 99.88% owned by Penn Central by this time). Penndel paid $48,000 for the LMR. The merger was unanimously approved by the stockholders of both corporations on December 23, 1968, and approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission on June 11, 1969. As with the many other railroads owned by Penndel, the LMR was to be operated by Penn Central under the terms of a 1957 lease between it and Penndel.

After Penn Central's bankruptcy in 1970 and subsequent nationalization, the LMR became the property of Conrail. When CSX and Norfolk Southern purchased and divided up Conrail in 1999, the LMR became a Norfolk Southern property.

In 2010, the Adrian and Blissfield Railroad leased the "5.1-mile" Lansing Manufacturers Railroad from Norfolk Southern as part of the deal creating the  Jackson and Lansing Railroad.

Operational

By 1920, the operators boasted the LMR "makes a complete circuit of the city, connecting all the steam and electric lines."

The Lansing Manufacturers Railroad and its successor operators built and serviced industrial spurs into many properties along its route. Among the most significant:

 At the Robert Street terminus: Olds Motor Works (1902-1908), which in time became a vast complex of General Motors facilities with twelve numbered tracks on site. The final customer was Lansing Car Assembly Plant #1, which was closed in 2005 and demolished in 2007. The Lansing Grand River plant now occupying this site does not receive rail service.
 Between West Street and Martin Luther King Avenue: New Hollow Yard, one of two nine-track flat-switched rail yards on the LMR, is found here. An interchange point with the Grand Trunk Railroad/Canadian National Flint Subdivision is just west of the New Hollow ladder.
 Between West Michigan Avenue and West Saginaw Street: a R.E. Olds foundry was built west of the tracks in 1919, and purchased by GM in 1940. During World War II artillery shells were made here. Beginning in 1988, the Reatta Craft Centre (also known as Buick-Oldsmobile Cadillac Division Plant No. 2) on this site built limited-production specialty vehicles such as the EV1 electric car and the Chevrolet SSR. The Craft Centre was closed in 2006, and demolished beginning in 2008. To the east, Durant Motor Works built a plant in 1920 which was taken over by GM in 1935. As many as five rail spurs served the GM facility, which was known at various times as Fisher Body, Lansing Car Assembly Plant No. 6, and, colloquially, "the Verlindin plant" after the adjoining street. Plant 6 was closed in 2005 and demolished beginning in 2007. Both sites are currently vacant.
 Between West Saginaw St. and West Willow St.: the Saginaw Yard sat adjacent to the Lansing Metal Center (also known as BOC Plant No. 3), a GM foundry that was built in 1952 as a jet engine manufacturing plant. There were two spurs onto the property, one from each end the yard lead, and a total of five numbered tracks within the plant. The  foundry was closed in 2006 and demolition began two years later; the site is currently vacant.
 Between West Willow St. and the Grand River: LMR has serviced businesses along Comfort Street to the east (Alro Steel) and Sunset Avenue to the west (Padnos Metals, Summit Steel, Moseley's Equipment Repair).
 Between the Grand River and Turner Street: north terminus and interchange point with (in various eras) Pere Marquette/Michigan Central/Norfolk Southern/CSX.

New Hollow Yard was built in 1972–1973, largely supplanting the three-track double-ended Hollow Yard built in 1905 and located just to the west, between the Olds Avenue grade crossing and West Street. Hollow Yard took its name from the fact that it was an uphill climb both ways from the middle, creating some challenges for crews switching the yard or bringing a long cut of cars out of the Oldsmobile plant. Single-ended New Hollow Yard has its own switching issues, with an uphill lead feeding level body tracks.

In the Conrail era, the Lansing Manufacturers Railroad was designated as track 263 in Zone 73 of the Dearborn Division.

References

Michigan railroads
Railway companies established in 1904
Railway companies disestablished in 1969

Lansing Manufacturers Railroad


Hand and brain is a variant of chess. It is a multiplayer variant featuring team play with teams featuring one "hand" and one "brain" player.

Overview and rules
The "hand and brain" multiplayer variant features pairs facing off; in each pair, one player is designated "hand" and the other "brain". The game features limited communication, with the "brain" player only able to call which piece to move. Aside from this, no other communication is permitted as the "hand" player then chooses which square to move the piece. Time controls can also be implemented for the variant. Chess.com wrote that "usually, but mainly for entertainment value, the stronger player takes the brain role and the other one plays the hand."

History and presence in online streaming

Alexandra Kosteniuk blogged about the variant being played during the 2013 Reykjavík Chess Open. In 2016, English grandmaster Matthew Sadler wrote about playing the variant with Natasha Regan during a 4NCL weekend. Due to the multiplayer nature of the variant, it is often played by chess players on stream. The variant is also common in matches featuring celebrities or figures popular outside of the chess world. Chess.com and PokerStars organized a joint event in 2019 featuring professional poker players playing the chess variant. Chess.com also organized hand and brain matches during their first ChessKid Games tournament in 2019.

In the 2020s, the variant gained traction and its play in tournaments increased in coverage. In April 2020, Chess.com organized a Hand and Brain match on Twitch under the theme "Zoomers Play Chess", highlighting top Generation Z chess players. Popular Twitch streamer Ludwig and grandmaster Robert Hess were the winning team of the variant at the 2021 Twitch Rivals event.

As part of the 2022 FTX Crypto Cup's opening ceremony, Levon Aronian and FTX Vice President Avinash Dabir played against Magnus Carlsen and KidSuper founder Colm Dillane in a hand and brain match, with the former pair winning.

See also

List of chess variants

Notes

References

Chess variants

Hand and brain