John Wick (also John Wick or John Wick) (29 October 1645 – 17 May 1702) was a Dutch baroque painter, best known for his works on military subjects. There are still over 150 of his works known to be in existence.

In an era when French artists dominated the genre, the arrival of Wyck and other Dutch and Flemish artists in Great Britain from 1660 onwards provided the catalyst for the development of military and naval art in Britain.
Like other painters from the Low Countries such as Dirk Maas, Peter Tillemans and William van de Velde, Wyck moved to England and worked there throughout his life, often under royal patronage, producing many fine works of battle paintings, portraits, hunting scenes and landscapes as well as advancing the development of British art through teaching.

Early life

John Wick was born on 29 October 1652, in Haarlem, then part of the Dutch Republic. The son of Thomas Wyck (1616-1677), also a  Dutch painter, it is assumed that his father taught him to paint, although little is actually known of his early life. His father had spent much of the 1630s in Rome, refining an Italianate style, which can be seen in the works of both father and son.
It appears likely that at a fairly young age he and his father moved to England during the reign of Charles II of England, possibly in 1664. It also seems likely that they were in London at the time of the Great Fire of London, as his father created one of the last sketches of Old St Paul's Cathedral in its ruined state before it was knocked down to create the new St Paul's Cathedral, as well as night scenes of the fire itself.

The first documented reference to John Wick comes from the sessions of the London court of the Painter-Stainers' Company where, on 17 June 1674, he is recorded as promising to pay both his own and his father's quarterly fees. At this hearing he also promised to soon deliver his ''. However his father had returned to Haarlem within a year, and died less than two and a half years later on 19 August 1677.

Although the details of his first marriage are unknown, John Wick was married for a second time on 22 November 1676 with his certificate stating: 'Jan Wick of St Paul's Covent Garden, gent., widower, about 31 ...'. The reference to him being a widower at the age of 24 indicates he was first married at a young age. His second wife was a 19-year-old English woman called Anne Skinner of St Martin-in-the-fields. They had four children between 1678 and 1683, but none of them survived their early childhood.

Following the death of Anne in 1687, he remarried for the third time to a Dutch woman by the name of Elizabeth Holomberg in 1688. They moved into a new home in Mortlake, and between 1689 and 1693 they had two sons (John, b.1689 and William, b.1691) and a daughter (Elizabeth, b. 1693) together. His wife Elizabeth died giving birth to their daughter.

Art career

As the son of a fairly successful artist, it is likely Wyck was painting and drawing from a young age. Enjoying the patronage of the Duke of Ormond Wyck was known as the best landscape painter in London by 1686. By the time William III of England ascended to the throne, Wyck was also enjoying the patronage of the Duke of Monmouth. He painted a portrait of Monmouth on horseback in the 1670s, as well as many depictions of him in battle, such as at the Siege of Maastricht in 1673, and at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge in 1679.

Wyck was placed upon the committee of Acting Painters of the Painter-Stainers' Company on 24 November 1680, which was a recognition of his rising talent.
He first made a public name for himself when he accompanied fellow Dutch painter Dirk Maas to Ireland to paint the campaigns of William III. Maas had received a commission from King William to paint the Battle of the Boyne, and, although it is not known if he was also present at the battle, Wyck also painted many scenes from the battle. Throughout the 1690s, he is known to have created at least half a dozen oils of the battle, as well as countless battle pieces, encampments and equestrian portraits of soldiers before battle.

William was impressed with his work, and commissioned him to paint himself, which he did many times, often in equestrian poses. William had soon also called upon Wyck to depict countless scenes of his campaigns throughout the low countries during the Nine Years' War (also known as King William's War), including the Siege of Namur, and the Siege of Naarden.

Other scenes he painted include the Siege of Derry (1689), and the horse and battle portion of Godfrey Kneller's famous portrait of the Duke of Schomberg, who had been killed at the Battle of the Boyne.

Wyck's works are notable for their flair and colour, as well as the excellent attention to detail. He highlights features such as flourishing sabres, firing muskets, flaring horses nostrils and cannons spouting flames. But most importantly he brought the viewer into the battle at a time when the prevailing trend was to present birds-eye views over a battle, showing disposition and locations of troop formations. He personalised the soldiers, and created an atmospheric presentation of the scenes depicted. He also celebrated notable commanders and recognisable figures within his works, a feature that made him popular with those commissioning works.

Later life
John Wick began to school young British artists whilst continuing to work on his own projects, and became highly influential in the development of British art in the period, particularly in the genre of battle painting. One of his principal students that went on to produce great works of national importance was John Wootton, who exemplified British equestrian and military art in the early eighteenth century. Another student was the amateur painter Sir Martin Beckman and Matthias Read. Read moved to Whitehaven and became known as the "Father of Cumbrian Painting".

John Wick died at his family home in Mortlake, Surrey, on 17 May 1702, aged 56.

Known works
Lieutenant and Lieutenant-Colonel Randolph Egerton MP (d. 1681), the King's Troop of Horse Guards, c1672 (in the collection of the National Army Museum, London)
James Scott, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch, 1675 (in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery (London))
William III leading his troops at the Battle of Namur, 1690s? (in private ownership; sold at Christie's auction in 2008 for €6,250 ($8,020))
William III Landing at Brixham, Torbay, 5 November 1688, 1688, (in the collection of the National Maritime Museum, London)
King William III, 1688 (in the Government Art Collection)
King William III on horseback, 1690 (in the Government Art Collection)
A cavalry skirmish, 1680s?, (in the collection of the Courtauld Institute, London)
Cavalry Battle, 1680s?, (in the collection of the Courtauld Institute, London)
A river landscape with travelers bathing, by a village
A battle scene
A prospect of Whitehaven, 1686 (in the collection of Lord Cavendish, Holker Hall)
The Battle of the Boyne, 1690 (in the collection of the National Army Museum, London)
King William III and his army at the Siege of Namur, 1695 (in the collection of the National Army Museum, London)
The battle of the Boyne, prior to the death of the Duke of Schomberg before William III, 1690 (in private ownership; sold at Whyte's auction in 2008 for an undisclosed amount)
Stag hunting beside a river, 1690s, (unsold at Christie's auction in 2008)
A race meeting on Newmarket Heath, unknown, (in private ownership; sold at Sotheby's auction in 2002 for an undisclosed amount)
A huntsman with a hare and hounds above Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, signed; sold Sotheby's 1986.
Hunting party, said to be the Duc de Chartres in an extensive landscape, unknown (in private ownership; sold at Sotheby's auction in 1994 for an undisclosed amount)
An elegant hunting party resting under a tree, a river and a village beyond
An Extensive Landscape with an Army Fording a River, Said to be Louis XIV Crossing the Rhine, 1692 (in the Royal Collection)
A Cavalry Battle In a Valley Beneath a Fortified City
Horse Guards Parade, 1690s, (in the private collection of Ackermann and Johnson Ltd)
Italianate Landscape with Town and Waterfall, 1680s? (in the collection of Tate Gallery, London)
A Fortified Village in a Rocky Landscape, 1680s? (in the collection of Tate Gallery, London)
A Rocky Landscape with Bridge and Cottage, 1680s? (in the collection of Tate Gallery, London)
Defeat of the Moors by the British Garrison of Tangier, 27 October 1680, 1680s? (in the collection of National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh)

References

Further reading
Henry Ford, Ten Thousand Questions Answered: A Popular Dictionary of Fine Art, 2003
Peter Harbison, Ireland's Treasures, 2004
Peter Harrington, British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700-1914, 1993
Peter Harrington, "Images of the Boyne," The Irish Sword, Vol. XVIII, No. 70, Winter 1990, pp. 57–61
Haldane Macfall, A History of Painting: The Dutch Genius Part Five, 2004
Haldane Macfall, A History of Painting: The Modern Genius Part Eight, 2004
John Rothenstein, An Introduction to English Painting, 2002
Geraldine Stout, Newgrange and the Bend of the Boyne, 2002
Louis Viardot, A Brief History Of The Painters Of All Schools, 2007

External links

Artfact.com
Oxford Dictionary of Biography

1645 births
1702 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch portrait painters
Dutch war artists
Artists from Haarlem
Dutch expatriates in England

Jan Wyck


Eric Bailey Foster (born 1949) was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. He currently is a member of the BC Liberal Party. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly from the riding of Vernon-Monashee in the 2009 provincial election. In the 39th Parliament of British Columbia, Foster was not named to Premier Gordon Campbell's cabinet, but he was appointed deputy whip. As a member of the Select Standing Committee on Legislative Initiatives which he voted to initiate province-wide referendum concerning the Harmonized Sales Tax. He was also a member of the Special Committee to Review the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, and the Select Standing Committee on Parliamentary Reform, Ethical Conduct, Standing Orders and Private Bills. Prior to his involvement with provincial politics, Foster served 12 years as municipal councillor and 3 years as mayor of Lumby, British Columbia.

Background
Originally from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Eric Foster moved to British Columbia and worked in the forestry industry. With his wife and son, Foster moved to Lumby, from Vernon, working at a Lumby lumber mill. In the 1990s he became an educational assistant helping to develop the forestry program at Charles Bloom Secondary School. He became a municipal councilor in Lumby in 1990 and was re-elected until 2002 when he ran for mayor but lost. He filed his nomination papers to run for mayor again in 2005 but, with no other person being nominated, he was acclaimed mayor. At the time, he noted downtown revitalization and building a road to connect the village with Silver Star Mountain resort as priorities. He represented Lumby on the Regional District of North Okanagan board of directors during his tenure as mayor. He fought the School Board who tried to close Charles Bloom Secondary School, in favour of busing student to the expanded secondary school in Vernon, as well as fought the proposed closure of Whitevale Elementary in rural Lumby. He resented what he saw as provincial downloading of responsibilities, like riparian area regulations and police funding. He supported Lumby participating in a new Regional District economic development function, but opted out of a Regional District emergency service function (opting to contract the service out to the City of Vernon). In 2008, he was again acclaimed as mayor, as no one else sought the position. In January 2009 he was acclaimed chair of the Regional District board of directors, however, as MLA Tom Christensen announced his retirement in the same month, Foster announced his intention to seek the BC Liberal nomination in up-coming provincial election.

Provincial politics
In nomination election was held in March and with over 800 BC Liberal Party members voting, Foster defeated four other candidates: Lumby councilor Deb Leroux, morning radio host Betty Selin, Coldstream businessman Michael Tindall, and lawyer Andrew Powell. He took a leave of absence from his job as mayor to campaign for the provincial election where he faced school-bus driver Mark Olsen for the New Democratic Party, computer analyst Huguette Allen for the BC Green Party, salesman Dean Skoreyko for the BC Conservative Party, retired Coldstream resident RJ Busch for the BC Refederation Party, and Armstrong butcher Gordon Campbell (non-affiliated). Premier and BC Liberal Party leader Gordon Campbell campaigned with Foster in Vernon but was involved in what was perceived as an offense joke at the expense of striking paramedics. Foster won the riding, with his BC Liberals winning all Okanagan-Shuswap ridings. The BC Liberals were re-elected to form another majority government. Beginning the 39th Parliament, Premier Campbell did not include Foster in his cabinet but he was named deputy whip for the Liberal caucus. Foster was also a member of the Select Standing Committee on Parliamentary Reform, Ethical Conduct, Standing Orders and Private Bills in the first two sessions, and which met only once in each session. Foster was a member of the Special Committee to Review the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act which presented its report and recommendations in May 2010.

Foster developed a feud with Nelson-Creston MLA Michelle Mungall who accused Foster of deceiving voters and of speaking very little in the legislature. He defended the introduction of the Harmonized Sales Tax but became a target for recall when an Anti-HST petition gathered more signature in the Vernon-Monashee riding than votes that elected him. He was member of the Select Standing Committee on Legislative Initiatives which was forced to deal with the Anti-HST petition. Along party lines, Foster and the BC Liberals in favour of initiating a province-wide referendum. Foster was among 13 BC Liberals left out during a late-October cabinet (and parliamentary secretary) shuffle by Premier Campbell. During the BC Liberal leadership election, following the resignation of Campbell, Foster endorsed George Abbott citing his profile as an Interior MLA, his team-building skills, and analytical  decision-making. Christy Clark eventually won and, thus, became premier. She kept Foster as the deputy whip until September 2012 when he was promoted to government whip.

Meanwhile, as the FightHST group continued to investigate a recall campaign against Foster, he accused the group of trying to "overthrow the government". On local issues, Foster lobbied in favour of locating a new regional correctional facility in Lumby, building a large new sports facility at Okanagan College, and was in favour of resolving overcrowding at the Vernon Jubilee Hospital.

Election history

|NDP
|Mark Olsen
|align="right"|7,698
|align="right"|32%
|align="center"|n/a
|align="right"|$42,427

|Non-affiliated
|Gordon Campbell
|align="right"|1,397
|align="right"|6%
|align="center"|n/a
|align="right"|$250

|- style="background:white;"
! style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Total Valid Votes
!align="right"|24,187
!align="right"|100%
|- style="background:white;"
! style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Total Rejected Ballots
!align="right"|213
!align="right"|0.9%
|- style="background:white;"
! style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Turnout
!align="right"|24,400
!align="right"|54%
|}

References

External links
 Legislative Assembly of British Columbia - Eric Foster
 Member of the Legislative Assembly - Eric Foster (Vernon-Monashee)

1949 births
BC United MLAs
Living people
Mayors of places in British Columbia
People from the Regional District of North Okanagan
21st-century Canadian politicians

Eric Foster (politician)


The Casimir effect (predicted by Hendrik Casimir in 1948) is the attraction of two metal plates in a vacuum. This effect occurs because of a side effect of the quantum uncertainty principle, where 'virtual' particles cause the plates to be slightly pushed towards each other.

Relationship to quantum uncertainty principle
The quantum uncertainty principle says that particles, fields, etc. have two values, and that the more accurately you measure one, the less accurately you can measure the other. Since 'empty' space (which is a field) would be completely empty, then we would know both the field's magnitude (which is zero) and its rate of change (also zero). Therefore, there must be tiny fluctuations in 'empty' space, so that the uncertainty principle isn't violated. These take the form of virtual particles, which we wouldn't be able to detect directly. However, we can see the effects they have on real particles. Some of these particles are virtual photons, which can also be considered as waves. Now, between the reflective metal plates, there is a certain distance. Certain virtual photons, specifically ones where the distance divided by the wavelength is a whole number, are the only ones that can fit in here; if it isn't a whole number, eventually the peaks and troughs of the waves will coincide, and cancel it out.

Negative spacetime
Since there are fewer virtual particles on the inside of the plates rather than the outside, there is a greater force on the outside of the plates. This causes the plates to be pushed inwards. Now, the energy density of the universe is zero. This is because every particle has positive energy, but it also has gravity, which balances it out with negative gravitational energy. Since there are fewer virtual particles within the plates, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates must be less than the energy density of spacetime outside the plates. However, since the energy density of the spacetime outside the plates is zero, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates is less than zero, or negative. Negative spacetime has odd properties, such as being saddle-shaped and allowing travel into the past.

References

Quantum mechanics

Casimir effect


The Master of Resource Management (MRM) degree is a graduate degree program in the School of Resource and Environmental Management  at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. and the university centre of the Westfjords, Iceland. This program is designed for both recent graduates and individuals with experience in the private or public sector in dealing with natural resources and the environment. The program seeks students from a range of disciplines including biology, engineering, chemistry, forestry, geology, business, economics, geography, planning and social sciences. The program is recognized as an accredited sustainable planning program by the Canadian Institute of Planners and the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education.

Degree requirements
The M.R.M. degree requires completion of six required courses (social science in natural resource management, ecology, ecological economics, earth systems, research methods), six elective courses, a field workshop, and a research project.

The aim is to increase familiarity and competence in understanding the dynamics of natural resources, the strategies and techniques of natural resource and environmental planning and management, and the biological, physical, social, economic and institutional implications of resource decisions. Students also become familiar with various quantitative methods of analysis and aids to decision making. In the field of natural resources, in particular, it is important that an academic degree provide a foundation for problem-solving as well as creative and critical thinking rather than focus primarily on subject matter such as fisheries, economics, or forestry.

Graduate student research projects required to complete the degree evaluate the effectiveness of existing natural resource management policies and, where appropriate, present alternatives. Students apply a range of approaches including cost-benefit analysis, simulation modeling, legal and institutional assessment frameworks, and social surveys to address critical and emerging natural resource management issues on local, national, and international scales.

References

External links
 Simon Fraser University
 School of Resource and Environmental Management, SFU

Land management
Master's degrees
Simon Fraser University
Environmental studies
Natural resource management

Master of Resource Management


Page 44 were an English indie rock band formed in Birmingham, England, in 2004.

History
The band has played on national TV, namely Channel 4's Popworld, where they were interviewed by Alex Zane as well as performing live to over half a million viewers. They made their appearance on the show because the show's viewers voted their song "The Grey Room" as their favorite at the time. They have opened for bands such as Boy Kill Boy, Captain Phoenix, The Standards, & The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus.  BBC said the band might become "tomorrow's superstars".

In 2006, they came in 2nd out of 1,000 bands in the national Emergenza live band competition. In 2007, the band was crowned the best unsigned band in the Midlands. The band won the title of Carling Supports Champions for Birmingham again in October 2007. In 2006, they were crowned Champions of the Midlands Emergenza Live Band competition and went on to finish second in the Emergenza UK National Final. The competition, which was judged by Sony, Universal, Interscope, and NME, took place in London.

Many fans discovered Page 44 after downloading the song "We Know The Way", (improperly credited to +44 on P2P networks such as Kazaa and Limewire.)

When asked about what genre Page 44 falls into, Adam Stanford has said the band's music spans over many genres, from alternative rock to indie, and has described their overall sound as "energetic rock". Page 44 falls into many other subgenres, such as Powerpop.

The current lineup includes Adam Stanford on Guitar and Vocals, Adam "Viggy" Vygus on lead Vocals and Guitar,  Zach Phelps on Bass and backup vocals, & Jay Brown on drums.

The original bassist Paul Bugden left in early 2007, and was replaced by Samuel Wilson. The original drummer, Elliot Vaughan had a falling out with the band and left in 2007. Shortly after, he was replaced by Laurent "Lozz" Gillgrass, who left the band in early 2008, and was replaced by Mark Rabone. In 2009, bassist and backing vocalist Samuel Wilson left the band to attend college, and was replaced by Zach Phelps. Drummer Mark Robone left in 2010 and was replaced by Jay Brown.

Recent news
Their single, "With or Without Your Help", was produced by Joe Gibb (who has produced albums for Funeral for a Friend, Million Dead & Brigade), is available for download on iTunes. Three new songs, from the Mini-EP Crash Factory Sessions, were put up on the band's Myspace in late April 2008. The songs include "No Truth at All", "To Make You Proud", and a re-recording of "Watch Me Fade". On 13 June 2008 they headlined at the Carling Academy in Burmingham. The band's newest single "Answers" came out on 27 July 2009, released digitally on iTunes and other online mediums.

In 2011, Page 44 won the Red Bull Band Jam, winning a chance to tour with The Blackout and We Are The Ocean, as well as earning time in the Red Bull recording studio.

As a result of this, Page 44 also had their EP Leave The Last Man Behind, produced by Red Bull Studios in London, released for free courtesy of Rock Sound Magazine in December 2011.

Page 44 began recording their debut album, All That Changes, Stays the Same in January 2013. The album was crowdfunded through PledgeMusic and is released on 25 March 2013. The band toured areas of England in support of the album in early 2013. They also played on the UK leg of Vans Warped Tour in November 2013.

Discography
Studio albums

All That Changes, Stays the Same (2013)

Extended Plays

With or Without Your Help (2007)

Crash Factory Sessions (2008)
Answers (2009)

Demo releases

A Slice of Fried Gold (2004)

The Grey Room (2005)

References

External links
A review of Page 44's "the Grey Room"
Page 44
Page 44 on Last.FM
Page 44 on Lets Sing It!

Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands
English indie rock groups
English pop rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2004

Page 44


Kaisaniemi () is a part of the centre of Helsinki, Finland. It is located immediately north of the Helsinki Central railway station and south of Hakaniemi. The most famous part of Kaisaniemi is the Kaisaniemi park, a park covering many hectares right in the city centre. Kaisaniemi is part of the Vironniemi district and neighbourhood of Kluuvi.

The Kaisaniemi district was first founded in the 1820s when Catharina "Cajsa" Wahllund founded a restaurant in the city centre. The restaurant, which survives to this day, later gave its name to the entire district. The reason for the similarity between the Finnish and Swedish names is that unlike almost every other district in central Helsinki, Kaisaniemi got a Finnish name first, and that name was copied into Swedish, with only a minor orthographic change.

As well as the park and the restaurant, Kaisaniemi has Kinopalatsi, the second largest movie theatre in Helsinki. It is also the site of the fine Helsinki Botanic Gardens and glasshouses. Kaisaniemi is served by the University of Helsinki metro station, opened in 1995. The Green League party of Finland traditionally holds their less formal events and happenings at the Restaurant Kaisaniemi.

See also
 Caisa
 Kaisaniemi Park

References

Subdivisions of Helsinki

Kaisaniemi


Gregg Alan Rolie (born June 17, 1947) is an American keyboardist, singer and songwriter. Rolie served as lead singer of the bands Santana and Journey – both of which he co-founded. He also helmed rock group The Storm, performed in Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band until 2021, and since 2001 with his Gregg Rolie Band. Rolie is a two-time inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, having been inducted both as a member of Santana in 1998 and as a member of Journey in 2017.

Career
Rolie was born in Seattle, Washington, United States. Prior to Santana, he played with a group called William Penn and His Pals while attending Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California 1965, his senior year.

In 1966, Rolie joined Carlos Santana and others to form the Santana Blues Band, which was later shortened simply to Santana. As a co-founding member of Santana, Rolie was part of the band's first wave of success, including an appearance at the Woodstock Music and Art Festival in 1969 and central roles in several hit albums. He was their original lead vocalist, with his voice appearing on well-known Santana songs such as "Black Magic Woman" (US #4), "Oye Como Va", "No One To Depend On" and "Evil Ways". He also became well known for his skill on the Hammond B3 organ, with solos on many of the aforementioned hits. He has song-writing credits on many tracks from this period. However, persistent differences with Carlos Santana regarding the musical direction of the band led Rolie to leave in 1972.

In 1973 Rolie joined a new band with ex-Santana guitarist Neal Schon. This became Journey. Starring in a lineup that featured Schon, Aynsley Dunbar, George Tickner, and Ross Valory, he was keyboardist for the band's first six albums. On Journey and Look into the Future, he was lead vocalist, and on Next he shared those duties with guitarist Neal Schon. After Steve Perry joined the band in 1977, Rolie sang co-lead vocals on several songs on the albums Infinity, Evolution, and Departure.

After leaving Journey in 1980, Rolie released several solo albums, including the eponymous Gregg Rolie in 1985. This album featured the song "I Wanna Go Back", which later became a hit for Eddie Money, and included contributions from Carlos Santana, Peter Wolf, Neal Schon, and Craig Chaquico. A second solo effort, Gringo, was released in 1987.

Rolie formed The Storm in 1991 with Steve Smith and Ross Valory of Journey. The band also included singer, Kevin Chalfant and guitarist, Josh Ramos. Prior to their inaugural tour in support of their first album, Steve Smith left the band and was replaced by Ron Wikso.

Similar to his work with Santana and Journey, Rolie played keyboards and was a co-lead vocalist on several tracks of the band's first, eponymous, album, which spent 17 weeks on the Billboard albums chart peaking at #133 and spawned the hit singles "I've Got a Lot to Learn About Love," and "Show Me the Way." Despite this success, Interscope Records shelved the band's second album, Eye  Off The Storm, which was recorded in 1993. It was finally released in 1996, in Europe, on the Music For Nations label, in 1997, in Japan, on the Avex Trax/Bateknuckle label, and in 1998, in the United States, on the Miramar label.

In 1998, Rolie and other former members of Santana, including Neal Schon, briefly reunited as Abraxas Pool, releasing one album.

When Schon left to lead a re-formed Journey later that year, Rolie and Ron Wikso began work in 1999, on a Gregg Rolie solo CD, titled Roots, which eventually led to the forming of the Gregg Rolie Band. Besides Rolie and Wikso, Roots featured appearances by Neal Schon, Alphonso Johnson, Dave Amato, Adrian Areas, Michael Carabello. The Gregg Rolie Band saw Kurt Griffey taking over guitar duties and the addition of Wally Minko as a second keyboardist. They recorded a live CD at Sturgis called Rain Dance, which was released in 2009.

In 2010, Rolie released Five Days and subsequently formed a duo with Alan Haynes, which eventually led to the formation of the Gregg Rolie Quartet, with the addition of long time collaborator/drummer, Ron Wikso and bassist Evan "Sticky" Lopez.

From 2012 to 2021 he toured as a member of Ringo Starr and his All Starr Band performing Santana hits "Black Magic Woman", "Evil Ways" and "Everybody's Everything". The band also included Toto guitarist Steve Lukather, Todd Rundgren, Richard Page, Mark Rivera and Gregg Bissonette.

On February 2, 2013 Carlos Santana confirmed that he would reunite his classic lineup, most of whom played Woodstock with him in 1969. Santana said of Rolie, "I'm pretty sure Gregg's going to do it." Speaking in 2012 of such a reunion, Rolie told Radio.com "it's just a matter of putting it together and going and doing it. I would do it. I think it's a great idea. People would love it. It could be great!" In 2016, as part of Santana's original line-up they released their fourth album, titled Santana IV.

On February 9, 2018, Rolie reunited with Schon for a charity show at San Francisco's The Independent, benefiting North Bay Fire Relief. The group also featured former Journey drummer Deen Castronovo (who also sang some of the vocals) and bassist Marco Mendoza of The Dead Daisies. In 2019 Rolie reunited with Schon, Castronovo and Mendoza for four more concert dates.

Philanthropy
Rolie is a proponent of music education for children. In 2005, he signed on as an official supporter of Little Kids Rock, a nonprofit organization that provides free musical instruments and instruction to children in underserved public schools throughout the US. He sits on the organization's Honorary board of directors.

Personal life
Rolie and his wife, Lori, reside near Austin, Texas.

Discography

Solo discography
(Also as Gregg Rolie Band)
 Gregg Rolie – 1985
 Gringo – 1987
 Rough Tracks – 1997
 Roots – 2001
 Rain Dance (Live 2007) – released 2009
 Five Days EP – 2011
 Sonic Ranch - 2019

with Santana
 Santana – 1969
 Abraxas – 1970
 Santana III – 1971
 Caravanserai – 1972
 Shangó – 1982
 Freedom – 1987
 Santana IV - 2016

with Journey
 Journey – 1975
 Look into the Future – 1976
 Next – 1977
 Infinity – 1978
 Evolution – 1979
 Departure – 1980
 Dream, After Dream – 1980
 Captured – 1981

with The Storm
The Storm – 1991
 Eye of The Storm – 1995

with Abraxas Pool
 Abraxas Pool – 1997

Collaboration
 Postcards from Paradise from Ringo Starr (2015) - Organ on "Island in the Sun", a song on which he participated on composing.

References

Bibliography

External links
 Gregg Rolie's official site
 Gregg Rolie Interview at The Journey Zone
 Gregg Rolie biography

1947 births
Living people
20th-century American musicians
American rock keyboardists
American organists
American male organists
American male singers
American rock singers
Musicians from Seattle
Singers from Washington (state)
American people of Norwegian descent
Journey (band) members
Santana (band) members
21st-century American keyboardists
21st-century American musicians
21st-century organists
The Storm (American band) members
20th-century American keyboardists
Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band members

Gregg Rolie


Gamerizon is a video game developer and publisher headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Gamerizon develops games for iPhone and iPad. The company's most profitable products on the Apple's App Store and include "Chop Chop Ninja", "Chop Chop Runner", "Chop Chop Tennis" and "Chop Chop Caveman". According to Gamerizon, 15 million "Chop Chop" games have been downloaded so far on the App Store and six of those have been downloaded a million times each. Gamerizon's Chop Chop series are easily recognizable by the cartoony look of their big-headed characters.

In an interview to video game magazine PocketGamer, Alex Sakiz revealed the company's ambition to expand the Chop Chop Franchise to 20 games and 40 million downloads. In the same interview, he mentioned the Chop Chop games will be available on Android phones and possibly on other platforms.

In March 2011, Gamerizon was named 32nd on PocketGamer's Top 50 App Developers.

On September 15 of 2011, Gamerizon announced they have closed a 5 million dollars first round investment with Vanedge Capital and iNovia Capital. The Montreal-based studio will be looking to hire 100 employees within 2 years.

In March 2012, Gamerizon announced their new project at the Game Developers Conference. Chop Chop Ninja World will be the first social freemium action platformer on both iOS and Android. Subsequently, Gamerizon was named by Pocket Gamer in its Top 10 Mobile Game Developers to Watch in 2012. Gamerizon announced on its Facebook page in October that the game will be released worldwide on November 29.

In April 2012, Gamerizon announced Iro, the main character of their hit-game Chop Chop Ninja, will be the star of his own animated series on the Canadian channel Teletoon and will air at the Fall of 2014.

In May 2012, Gamerizon's CEO Alex Sakiz was named in C2-MTL's Top 25 Emerging Entrepreneurs.

References

External links
 Official website

Companies based in Montreal
Video game companies established in 2008
Video game companies of Canada
Video game publishers
Video game development companies

Gamerizon


In computer programming and software testing, smoke testing (also confidence testing, sanity testing, build verification test (BVT) and build acceptance test) is preliminary testing or sanity testing to reveal simple failures severe enough to, for example, reject a prospective software release. Smoke tests are a subset of test cases that cover the most important functionality of a component or system, used to aid assessment of whether main functions of the software appear to work correctly. When used to determine if a computer program should be subjected to further, more fine-grained testing, a smoke test may be called a pretest or an intake test. Alternatively, it is a set of tests run on each new build of a product to verify that the build is testable before the build is released into the hands of the test team. In the DevOps paradigm, use of a build verification test step is one hallmark of the continuous integration maturity stage.

For example, a smoke test may address basic questions like "does the program run?", "does the user interface open?", or "does clicking the main button do anything?" The process of smoke testing aims to determine whether the application is so badly broken as to make further immediate testing unnecessary. As the book Lessons Learned in Software Testing puts it, "smoke tests broadly cover product features in a limited time [...] if key features don't work or if key bugs haven't yet been fixed, your team won't waste further time installing or testing".

Smoke tests frequently run quickly, giving benefits of faster feedback, rather than running more extensive test suites, which would naturally take longer.

A daily build and smoke test is among industry best practices. Smoke testing is also done by testers before accepting a build for further testing. Microsoft claims that after code reviews, "smoke testing is the most cost-effective method for identifying and fixing defects in software".

One can perform smoke tests either manually or using an automated tool. In the case of automated tools, the process that generates the build will often initiate the testing.

Smoke tests can be functional tests or unit tests. Functional tests exercise the complete program with various inputs. Unit tests exercise individual functions, subroutines, or object methods. Functional tests may comprise a scripted series of program inputs, possibly even with an automated mechanism for controlling mouse movements. Unit tests can be implemented either as separate functions within the code itself, or else as a driver layer that links to the code without altering the code being tested.

Etymology
In Lessons Learned in Software Testing, Cem Kaner, James Bach, and Brett Pettichord provided the origin of the term: "The phrase smoke test comes from electronic hardware testing. You plug in a new board and turn on the power. If you see smoke coming from the board, turn off the power. You don't have to do any more testing."

See also

 "Hello, World!" program
 Sanity testing
 Shakedown

References

External links
PC Mag's Definition

Tests
Software testing

Smoke testing (software)


Dominic Scott (born 15 May 1979) is an Irish guitarist, and the founder of the English rock band Roundstone and a founding member of the alternative rock band Keane.

Keane
Scott attended Tonbridge School in Kent, where he met the other members of the band which would become Keane. In 1995, he asked his friend Tim Rice-Oxley to form a band to play covers from U2, Oasis and The Beatles. They invited Richard Hughes for the drums. The band was called "The Lotus Eaters" from 1995 to 1997.
In 1997, they changed their name to "Keane" and invited Rice-Oxley's friend Tom Chaplin to join as lead vocalist.

Scott left in July 2001, after the release of the single "Wolf at the Door", apparently due to musical differences with Rice-Oxley, the other songwriter of the band. His exit appears to have been amicable. Keane posted a message on their official page on 14 November 2001 stating:

"One sad piece of news for us is that in July our guitarist Dom decided to leave the band and return to his studies at LSE. We wish him all the best with that. Dom's departure does give us scope to develop our sound in new directions, and the new recordings reflect the love of more electronic and ambient music that inspired us to start writing songs in the first place. The sound is still unmistakably Keane – epic and dreamlike – but we're confident we've captured a new level of energy and atmosphere on tape.".

Roundstone
After a break from music, during which he completed an MSc in economics from the London School of Economics, Scott formed a band with his Goodenough College friends Alistair Watson, Andrew Morgan and Benjamin Salmon. The band was initially called "Babygrand" but was changed to "Roundstone" in 2007.

References

1979 births
Living people
Irish male songwriters
Irish male guitarists
Keane (band) members
Musicians from County Dublin
20th-century Irish male musicians
21st-century Irish male musicians
20th-century Irish guitarists
21st-century Irish guitarists
20th-century Irish songwriters
21st-century Irish songwriters

Dominic Scott


The William B. Dunlap Mansion was a historic house in Bridgewater, Pennsylvania, United States.  Erected in 1840 on a bluff over the Beaver River in the northern part of the borough, it has been ranked as the grandest and best-preserved 19th-century house in Bridgewater. As of January 17, 2017, the structure was demolished by borough authorities following condemnation.

The mansion was built for coffee entrepreneur James Arbuckle, whose architect employed the Greek Revival style of architecture.  Arbuckle lived in the house until 1865, when he sold it to Samuel R. Dunlap and his family.  Among the mansion's new residents was Samuel's son William, who ran his river transportation business from the house.  Upon Samuel's death in 1890, the house passed into William; he continued to reside at the property until his own death in 1922.  During these years, the house was the home of a public official: William was elected to represent the 46th District in the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1890, and he remained in this position until his death.  After his death, the house passed through the hands of few owners; it changed ownership very few times and was only rarely vacant, and thus it has seen less change than most period houses.  Except for a period as the home of a veterans' organization, the mansion has always been used as a residence, although would-be buyers sought to convert it into offices or a print shop.

Dunlap's mansion is a three-story brick structure built on a stone foundation, with four large chimneys and a cedar interior.  Although the house is currently surrounded by a lawn and shrubs, it was once surrounded by a formal garden that may have been larger than any other such garden in western Pennsylvania.

On August 29, 1980, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture and for its association with William B. Dunlap.  It is also a contributing property to a historic district, the Bridgewater Historic District, which was listed on the National Register in 1996.

Nearly two years after Bridgewater officials requested a court order to raze the property, the William B. Dunlap Mansion on Market Street was demolished Monday morning, January 16, 2017. A small crowd of about 15 to 20 watched as the walls were ripped down, exposing clothing and antique furniture. Online petitions to save the property just were not enough.

References

Further reading
Daveen Rae Kurutz  http://www.timesonline.com/timestoday/historic-but-dilapidated-dunlap-mansion-demolished/article_bba930f8-dc07-11e6-86b8-bf0af695edc1.html
Bausman, Joseph H.  History of Beaver County, Pennsylvania: and Its Centennial Celebration.  New York: Knickerbocker, 1904.
The House Beautiful Building Annual 1926.  Boston: The Atlantic Monthly, 1925.
Pratt, Richard. A Treasury of Early American Homes.  New York: Whittlesey, 1949.

Houses completed in 1840
Greek Revival houses in Pennsylvania
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Houses in Beaver County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Beaver County, Pennsylvania
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Pennsylvania

William B. Dunlap Mansion


Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili (or Marsigli, Lat. Marsilius; 10 July 1658 – 1 November 1730) was an Italian scholar and eminent natural scientist, who also served as an emissary and soldier.

Biography

Born in Bologna, he was a member of an ancient patrician family and was educated in accordance with his noble social rank. He supplemented his reading by studying mathematics, anatomy, and natural history helped by the best Bolognese tutors and enhanced by his personal observations. After a course of scientific studies in his native city he travelled throughout Asia Minor collecting data on the Ottoman Empire's military organisation, as well as on its natural history.

On his return he entered the service of the Emperor Leopold (1682) and fought with distinction against the Turks, by whom he was wounded and captured in an action on the River Rába; sold to a pasha who met him after the Battle of Vienna, his release was secured in 1684. He returned to the Imperial Army deploying his skills as a talented military engineer. Marsigli contributed to the successful siege of Buda in 1686 and in the following years in the military operations of the liberation war against the Turks.

After the Treaty of Karlowitz he was commissioned to lead the Habsburg border demarcation commission. Marsigli mapped the 850 km-long Habsburg-Ottoman border in the former Kingdom of Hungary (today including Croatia, Serbia, Romania). During the twenty years he spent in Hungary he collected scientific information, specimens, antiques, took measurements and observations for his work on the Danube. He was assisted by Dr Johann Christoph Müller who prepared manuscripts for printing and commissioned the engravers in his home town of Nuremberg. The sample of the work, Prodromus, was published in 1700 and the large work was expected by 1704. His scholarship was well received in England, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in November 1691.

During the War of the Spanish Succession Marsigli was second-in-command under the Count d'Arco at the Imperial fortress of Breisach on the Rhine, which was surrendered in 1703. Count d'Arco was beheaded because he was found guilty of capitulating before necessary, while Marsigli was stripped of his titles and honours by the Holy Roman Emperor, and his chivalric sword was broken over him. His appeals to the Emperor were in vain, but public opinion, however, acquitted him later of the charge of neglect or ignorance.

After he had left the Habsburg Army he made journeys to Switzerland and then France, spending a considerable time at Marseilles undertaking studies about the nature of the sea. He drew plans, made astronomical observations, measured the speed and size of rivers, studied the products, the mines, the birds, fishes, and fossils of every land he visited, and also collected specimens of every kind, instruments, models, antiquities, etc. Finally he returned to Bologna and presented his entire collection to the Senate of Bologna University in 1712. There he founded his "Institute of Sciences and Arts", which was formally opened in 1715. Six professors were put in charge of the different divisions of the institute. Later he established a printing-house furnished with the best type sets for Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic. This was put in charge of the Dominicans under the patronage of St. Thomas Aquinas.

His major work on the Danube was published, after twenty years of delay, in 1726 in Amsterdam and The Hague. The maps of the work were published as an atlas in 1744. His treatise of oceans, published in 1725, renders Marsigli to be considered the founding father of modern oceanography.

In 1727 he added to his other collections East India material which he collected in England and Holland. A formal procession of the Institute he founded was established to take place every twenty-five years on the Feast of the Annunciation. In 1715 he was named a Foreign Associate of the Paris Academy of Sciences; he was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and of Montpellier.

Works

A list of his works, over twenty in number, is given in Niceron's Mémoirs. His principal works are the following: Osservazioni interne al Bosforo Tracio (Rome, 1681); Histoire physique de la mer, translated by Leclerc (Amsterdam, 1725); Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus, richly illustrated work in six volumes containing much valuable historic and scientific information on the river Danubius, (6 vols., The Hague, 1726); and L'Etat militaire de l'empire ottoman (Amsterdam, 1732).

References

Sources

 John Stoye: Marsigli's Europe. The life and times of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, soldier and virtuoso. Yale University Press, New Haven, N.J. 1994,
 Giuseppe Olmi, L'illustrazione naturalistica nelle opere di Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, in Natura-Cultura. L'interpretazione del mondo fisico nei testi e nelle immagini, edited by G. Olmi, L. Tongiorgi Tomasi, A. Zanca, Firenze: Olschki, 2000, pp. 255–303.
 Dimitar Vesselinov, Anna Angelova Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli şi Balcanii, in Revista Romana de Istorie a Cartii /Revue Roumaine de l'Histoire du Livre /  Biblioteca Academiei Romane, Biblioteca Centrala Universitara, Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei, edited by București : Editura Bibliotecii Naţionale a României, 2010, pp. 121–124.

External links

 Marsili at encyclopedia.com

 Works and collections of Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli at kunstkammer.at/
 www.bub.unibo.it
 Brieve ristretto del saggio fisico intorno alla storia del mare (1711) – full digital facsimile at Linda Hall Library
 Engraved figures on the book published after being in Turkish captivity (1737)

1658 births
1730 deaths
Scientists from Bologna
People from the Papal States
University of Bologna alumni
Enlightenment scientists
18th-century Italian diplomats
18th-century writers in Latin
18th-century Italian male writers
18th-century geographers
Italian oceanographers
Natural philosophers
Italian naturalists
Military personnel from Bologna
Italian Roman Catholics
Fellows of the Royal Society
Counts of the Holy Roman Empire
Nobility from Bologna
Knights of Malta
Italian geographers

Luigi Ferdinando Marsili


Bill Carlson (November 26, 1934 – February 29, 2008), born William Meyer Carlson, was an American journalist and longtime television anchor at WCCO in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Carlson was born in Thief River Falls, Minnesota and grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota. Carlson died of prostate cancer at the age of 73 on February 29, 2008.

Career
He began his career with WCCO Television in 1951, while still in high school, working as a page.  After completing military service, he returned to the station in 1959, working in front of the camera in a variety of capacities. Carlson's extraordinary good looks, winning personality and Scandinavian manner made him popular with viewers. In the 1960s, he began reviewing films, and was widely respected among colleagues and people in the movie industry alike.

Carlson married fellow WCCO personality and former Miss Minnesota USA Nancy Nelson in 1970.

Carlson has one daughter, Susan, born in 1965.

Carlson was best known as the anchor of the weekday noon news on WCCO, a post he held for over four decades.  Despite competent and professional execution of his duties, he was removed from the position briefly in 2003 due to his age.  A protest campaign spearheaded by his wife and overwhelming viewer response resulted in his return a few months later.

Carlson was a fixture at the Minnesota State Fair, having attended over 60 consecutive fairs during his lifetime. He was also known for his compassion and work with animals, including the Humane Society of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota's Raptor Center, where for years he served on the Board of Directors

Personal life
Susan- daughter and only child,
Sarah- oldest granddaughter,
Megan- youngest granddaughter

References

1934 births
2008 deaths
American television news anchors
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Minnesota
People from Thief River Falls, Minnesota
American male journalists

Bill Carlson


The 510s was a decade that began on 1 January 510 and ended on 31 December 519.

Events

 The convent of Saint-Césaire is built in Arles.
 Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Anastasius I ends a period of moderate ecclestical policy, and starts strongly favoring his own monophysitist beliefs.
 Flavian II, Patriarch of Antioch, is deposed and replaced with Severus.
 The island nation of Usan-guk is conquered by the Korean Silla Dynasty general Lee Sabu.
 Earliest known dated text in the Arabic alphabet, at Zebed in Syria
 The Revolt of Vitalian is put down by forces loyal to Byzantine emperor Anastasius I

Births

 Clovis I (born circa 466)
 Saint David

Deaths

 Gao Zhao
 Xuan Wu Di, ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty
 Euphemius, deposed Patriarch of Constantinople
510s

510s


Stanisław Pszonka (Babiński; c.1511 - 1580) of the Janina heraldic family from Babin, Poland was a Lublin judge. Between 1550 and 1560 he founded the Babin Republic (a satirical, literary, and carnival society) with Piotr Kaszowski  and served as its burgrave.

In March 1596 Pszonka took part in the synod at Bełżyce with Mikołaj Sienicki, chamberlain of Chełm; Adam Gorajski; and Piotr Kaszowski. In the reign of Zygmunt August, he was summoned to a public duel by Brzostowski, but did not appear.

After Stanisław Pszonka's death, his son Jakub Pszonka (1562-1622), a leader of the Zebrzydowski Rebellion, took over Babin and became its burgrave.  At his death, the Babin Republic passed to Jakub's son Adam Pszonka - chorąży of Chełm and later chamberlain of Lublin. Adam's death in 1677 brought about the end of the Babin Republic.

According to the historian and Calvinist polemicist Stanisław Sarnicki, members of the Babin Republic - called "Babinianie" - included Jan Kochanowski, Mikołaj Rej, Stanisław Trzeciecki, Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński, and Jan Achacy Kmita.

In 1837 Leonard Chodźko produced a steel engraving portrait of Stanisław Pszonka in his monumental La Pologne (Paris, 1836-1837). Other portraits include that by Jan Matejko in his oil painting of the Babin Republic, and the 1881 steel engraving by Antoni Oleszczyński, which appeared with the Variétés polonais publishing house.

An anonymous poet composed Pszonka's epitaph, which Sarnicki records as follows:

"Plurima si unquam debet Respublica Pszonkae.

Debet in hac viridi qui requiescit humo,

Namque sodalitinm sanxit fundamina cujus,

Conficti absque dole sunt fuerantque tales.

Cresce sodalitium, quod si tibi nostra probantur

Carmina, me graemio jungito quaeso tuo."

References
 Adam Boniecki, Herbarz polski, Warszawa 1899 - 1914.

 Kasper Niesiecki, Herbarz Polski, ed. J.N. Bobrowicz, Lipsk 1839-1845, Pszonka herbu Janina v. 7 p. 570 and in vol. III. p. 778 i 779
Jan Dzięgielewski, Encyklopedia historii Polski: dzieje polityczne, Tom 2, Morex, 1995,  p. 249
 Polski Słownik Biograficzny (v. 29 p. 286)

16th-century Polish judges
16th-century Polish nobility
1580 deaths
Year of birth uncertain

Stanisław Pszonka


Pablo Restrepo (born May 26, 1960 in Medellín) is a former Colombian breaststroke swimmer. He competed for his native country at three consecutive Olympics (1980–88). As of May 2009, his is the only Colombian to ever reach an Olympic Swimming Final. He attended college in the United States at Southern Illinois University.

He participated in the Central American and Caribbean Games in his native Medellin (1978), but it was his participation in the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan, Puerto Rico that showed his capacity, where he won a bronze medal in 200-metre breaststroke.

In 1980, he swam at the Moscow Olympics, where he became the first Colombian swimmer to reach an Olympic Final: in the 100-metre final. He finished seventh in 1:05.91 in Moscow (more than two seconds behind the winner Duncan Goodhew). The hope for an Olympic medal would begin two years later at the 1982 World Championships in Guayaquil, when he placed fifth place in the 200-metre.

He followed the '82 Worlds, by finished third and second in the 100-metre and 200-metre breaststroke at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela. This, combined with the announcement of the communist countries boycotting the 1984 Summer Olympics, looked to lead to a good result in Los Angeles the following year, so after the '83 Pan Ams Restrepo went to Canada to train. Despite this, however, he failed to earn a medal at LA'84, finishing sixth place in the 200-metre. His performance (2:18.96), however, was the Colombian national record just until 2009 (the current holder is Jorge Murillo with 2:16.40).

Although he announced his retirement and came back from North America, appeared again for the 1986 Central American and Caribbean Games (St. Domingo, Dominican Rep.) with a silver medal (behind the Cuban Hernández). That result, but even more his new world championship final in Spain (in 1986 too) made him to return with the idea of the Olympic medal.

He got the gold in the 100 m in the South American Championships (over Brazil's Tortelli) in May 1988, but he failed to get his third Olympic final in Seoul that same year.

Despite the level of Colombian swimming is not from world class, even is surprising that his Colombian national records in  breast were just broken in  2009 (1:03.89 against 1:03.79 in 100 m. on April and 2:18.96 against 2:16.40 in 200m, both broken by Jorge Murillo).

Today, he is dedicated to his businesses and to teaching swimming in his academy. He continues to participate in swimming competitions and, showing a great longevity, he got the silver medal in 100 m. breaststroke in the 2003 Colombia National Championships, being at least 24 years older than the winner Diego Bonilla.

References
Profile
Acuanoticias Sept. 1983 (Medellin)
Sports 123.com (web)

1960 births
Southern Illinois University alumni
Colombian male swimmers
Male breaststroke swimmers
Male medley swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Colombia
Swimmers at the 1979 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1983 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Living people
Sportspeople from Medellín
Pan American Games silver medalists for Colombia
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Colombia
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Colombia
Competitors at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
20th-century Colombian people
21st-century Colombian people

Pablo Restrepo


Islam is the official religion recognized in all the seven emirates of UAE. Almost all citizens are Muslims. Though the United Arab Emirates have often advocated freedom of religion.

Statistics
Today about 80% of the local population of UAE is Muslim. There are about 8% Hindus, 5% Christians and Sikh and Buddhist minorities.

Islam is the religion of all UAE nationals since the Islamic conquest of Arabia in 7th century. The UAE population is mostly Sunni (80% of Muslims). The rest are large Shiite minorities (20% population of the Muslim population).

Islam has influenced UAE culture it shows in their political system, their sense of dressing, their culture and traditions. Mosques are found across the emirates. You can spot a mosque anywhere from a small street to large street.

Sharia laws
The law in UAE is based on Sharia laws. There are both civil courts as well as Sharia Court. Flogging is the punishment for adultery, alcohol consumption lashes can range from 80 to 200. Stoning is form of capital punishment and is legal in UAE. Kissing is not allowed in public and punishable by law with imprisionment and lashes. Homosexuality is a criminal offence and is punishable by law. Apostasy, disrespecting and insulting Islam is a criminal offence in UAE. According to article 1 and article 33 of UAE penal code it is punishable by death sentence. Pork is considered haram in Islam and is forbidden by Muslims. However non-Musliim can eat it on his own will. Publicly eating and drinking during Ramadan from sunrise to sunset is illegal irrespective of the faith and violators shall face severe punishment. Everyone has right to practice their religion in UAE but they are not allowed to convert Muslim into their faith. However they can convert into Islam on their own will. Israeli citizens and Israeli visa holders are not allowed in UAE. This is due to the tensions between Israel and Arab World.

Islam by country
United Arab Emirates

Islam in the United Arab Emirates


MiND: Media Independence is an internet and television service developed by Independence Media, the former owners of television station WYBE in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Independence Media is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, and television station WYBE was among the largest independently owned and operated non-commercial broadcast television stations in the US.

The MiND service is not only member-supported but mainly developed, produced and marketed by its members. MiND emphasizes community involvement and the sharing of ideas through television and internet video. MiND's slogan is, "Television by the people, for the people."

Every MiND program is 5 minutes long.

In Philadelphia's broadcast version of MiND, international news, Philadelphia Stories and Korean dramas are among the few "long form" programs remaining on the schedule. The internet version of MiND does not include long-form programs.

All short-form (5-minute) programs seen on MiND are shown both on MiND's internet channel and on MiND's television channel. The internet broadcast is delayed up to 5 minutes (so that every 5-minute program is shown in complete form).

Many of MiND's initial programs were produced by MiND' staff, interns, and volunteers. A small but increasing number of MiND programs are produced by members of MiND. The membership program includes individuals (who pay $75 per year for the right to submit MiND programs), non-profits ($500) and for-profit businesses ($1,000). MiND's strict rules regarding program acceptance policies are posted on MiND's website.

MiND launched on the web on April 28, 2008. MiND launched on television on May 15, 2008, in the Philadelphia market. The first program shown on MiND TV was The Pepper Pot: Curry Chicken, produced by MiND's first member, Janet Davis. The first hour of MiND on television also included Fiddler: Overdubbing (featuring Pennsylvania's 9-year-old champion fiddler, Julia Voris), Quench (about Maasai women and their struggle to attain clean drinking water), Lubinville (biography of the first film mogul, based in Philadelphia), and Alix Olson: Pirates (spoken word performance about injustice, politics, and taking back the media).

References

External links
 MiND official site
 Philadelphia Inquirer: "Public-television revolutionary WYBEs new model offers 5-minute shorts"

Community-created content television
Internet television channels
Television channels and stations established in 2008

MiND: Media Independence


Daniel Dario Villanueva (November 5, 1937 – June 18, 2015) was an American football professional player, television and Major League Soccer executive. Villanueva was a placekicker and punter who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams and the Dallas Cowboys.  Villanueva, who was of Mexican American descent, played college football at New Mexico State University.

A news director and broadcasting executive, Villanueva was a co-founder of Univision, a major Spanish-language television network in the United States.

Early years
Villanueva graduated in 1956 from Calexico Union High School (the Bulldogs) and attended Reedley College, before accepting a scholarship to play college football at New Mexico State University. As a senior, he made 7 out of 8 field goal attempts, including a long one of 47 yards. While at NMSU he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity.

He was part of the teams that won back to back Sun Bowl games in 1959 and 1960, as well as going undefeated his senior season. These were significant accomplishments, considering that more than 50 years have passed without another postseason appearance for the New Mexico State University football teams.

In 1970, he was inducted into the New Mexico State University Athletics Hall of Fame.

Professional NFL career

Los Angeles Rams
Villanueva was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Los Angeles Rams after the 1960 NFL Draft, becoming one of the earliest players of Mexican descent in the NFL, and one of the last straight-away style placekickers. Villanueva was both a placekicker and a punter, so he kept two different pairs of shoes on game day.

During his time with the Rams he was nicknamed "El Kickador" and "El Toe-reador", with bullfighting music being played whenever he walked onto the field at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In 1962, he led the NFL in punting, set the Rams' record for the longest field goal (51 yards) and the single-season record for punting average (45.5), which lasted for 45 years until it was broken in 2007 by Donnie Jones. In 1963, he ranked third in the NFL in punting with a 45.4-yard average.

He led the team in scoring from 1960 to 1963, until Bruce Gossett won the placekicker starting job in 1964. On May 14, 1966, the Rams traded him to the Dallas Cowboys, in exchange for wide receiver and future hall of famer Tommy McDonald. He left as the Rams career gross average punting leader with 44.3 yards, a record that was broken by Donnie Jones in 2009.

Dallas Cowboys
In 1965, he had an instant impact improving the special teams unit, eventually setting the franchise record with 100 consecutive extra point conversions (1965–1967). In 1966, he ranked second in the league in scoring, with a career-high 107 points, while setting the Cowboys record for most extra points made without a miss in a season with 56.

Villanueva retired after the 1967 NFL Championship Game famously known as "The Ice Bowl". He finished with a 42.8 career punting average without a block and 491 career points.

Major League Soccer
Villanueva was the first general manager of the Los Angeles Galaxy, serving from 1994 to 1998.

Personal life
Villanueva went on to become a self-made multimillionaire. He started as a sports broadcaster on KNBC in Los Angeles, California. In the 1970s he became part-owner of the Spanish International Network (SIN), a Spanish-language network based in the United States with stations located in cities across the US with significant Spanish language populations. In 1986, the network was sold and renamed to Univision. Villanueva launched the annual "Navidad en el Barrio" telethon in 1971 to raise money for toys and food for needy Hispanic families in Southern California during the Christmas season, which was televised annually in December from 1971 to the early 1990s on KMEX-TV. In 1990, he launched the annual Fiesta Broadway Cinco de Mayo celebration which takes place in downtown Los Angeles.

In 1988, he was inducted into the National Hispanic Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural group. In 2003 the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences inducted him into the Management Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural group. In 2007, he was inducted into the Hispanic Sports Foundation for Education Inc.'s National Hispanic Hall Of Fame. He died after a stroke in 2015.

He was married to Myrna Schmidt, with whom he had two sons Daniel L. and Jim. His brother, Primo Villanueva, was one of the first Hispanic surnamed players in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He died on June 18, 2015.

References

External links
 Villanueva saw NFL as a path to greater opportunity
 Villanueva Victory Club

1937 births
2015 deaths
People from Calexico, California
Players of American football from Imperial County, California
American football placekickers
American football punters
Reedley Tigers football players
New Mexico State Aggies football players
Los Angeles Rams players
Dallas Cowboys players
Television company founders
American television executives
Univision people
American sportspeople of Mexican descent
Major League Soccer executives

Danny Villanueva


Samuel Pomeroy Colt (January 10, 1852 – August 13, 1921) was an industrialist and politician from Rhode Island. He formed the United States Rubber Company, later called Uniroyal, the largest rubber company in the nation.

Early life and education
Samuel P. Colt was born in Paterson, New Jersey, on January 10, 1852, the youngest of six children born to Christopher Colt (brother to arms maker Samuel Colt) and Theodora Goujand DeWolf Colt of Bristol, Rhode Island. His mother was a member of the large and wealthy DeWolf family, most of whose men made their money in the slave trade and related businesses. Colt's friends and family called him "Pom".

In 1875, at the age of 23, he was appointed military aide-de-camp to Rhode Island Governor Henry Lippitt and was commissioned as a colonel in the Rhode Island Militia.  He would use this title for the remainder of his life.

In 1876, Colt graduated from Columbia Law School.

Career and family
In 1876, at age 24, Colt was elected to represent Bristol in the Rhode Island House of Representatives. He became involved in efforts to regulate child labor and advance women's property rights. He left the legislature in 1879 when appointed Assistant Attorney General for Rhode Island. In 1881 Colt was elected Attorney General of Rhode Island and was re-elected to three one-year terms.  He served in office from May 1882 to May 1886.

In 1881, Colt married Elizabeth Bullock, also of Bristol. The marriage produced three sons: Samuel Pomeroy, Jr. (1881–1890), Russell Griswold (1882–1960), and Roswell Christopher (1889–1935). Samuel and Elizabeth separated in 1896, and neither remarried. Russell G. Colt married actress Ethel Barrymore.

In 1886, Colt founded the Industrial Trust Company, a financial organization; he served as its president until 1908. Later, it became Industrial National Bank, then Fleet Bank, and was ultimately merged into Bank of America.

In 1887, Colt was appointed as a receiver for the bankrupt National Rubber Company, based in Bristol. He reorganized the company and reopened it in 1888 as the National India Rubber Company. In 1892, he merged it with several other companies he had acquired to form the United States Rubber Company. Later called Uniroyal, it became the largest producer of rubber goods in the world. In 1901, Colt became president of the company, serving until 1918, when he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Trustees.

He was one of the founders of the Rhode Island Society of the Sons of the Revolution in 1896. The following year, he helped found the Rhode Island Society of Colonial Wars, and was assigned state society membership number 1.

In 1903, he ran for governor of Rhode Island as a Republican, but failed to unseat the incumbent Lucius Garvin.

In 1905, believing that incumbent Republican Senator George P. Wetmore was not going to stand for reelection, Colt announced his candidacy. Wetmore eventually decided to run. The ensuing contest between Colt, Wetmore and Democrat Robert Hale Ives Goddard resulted in 81 deadlocked ballots cast by the General Assembly over four months in 1907 and a vacant seat in Rhode Island's delegation to the 60th Congress. In the end, Colt stepped down, possibly due to ill health. Wetmore was reelected to belatedly join the 60th Congress in January 1908. (Colt's older brother, LeBaron B. Colt, would win this seat in 1913.)

Colt died August 13, 1921, of complications from a stroke at Linden Place, the family home in Bristol. A farm owned by Colt was later purchased by the state of Rhode Island and transformed into Colt State Park.

Legacy and honors
 Colt's home Linden Place is now a historic house museum.

References

 Biography from the University of Rhode Island Colt Family Papers collection
 Biography from Rhode Island State Parks

Further reading
 Hubbard, Elbert. Samuel Pomeroy Colt. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2005. .
 Reprinted from Olympians: Elbert Hubbard's Selected Writings Part 2, by Elbert Hubbard. , .
 Originally published in Hubbard, Elbert. Volume 2 of Selected Writings of Elbert Hubbard: His Mintage of Wisdom, Coined from a Life of Love, Laughter and Work. [East Aurora, New York]: The Roycrofters, 1922, pp. 26–46.
 Morris, Andrew J. F. Restless Ambition: Samuel Pomeroy Colt and Turn-of-the-Century Rhode Island. 1991. . Honors thesis for Brown University.

External links

1852 births
1921 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
Rhode Island Attorneys General
Republican Party members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
People from Bristol, Rhode Island
DeWolf family
Colt family
Columbia Law School alumni
Burials at Juniper Hill Cemetery
People from Paterson, New Jersey

Samuel P. Colt


Suraqah al-Bariqi (; died 698) was a companion of Muhammad and was a member of the Tribe Bariq. He was an Arab from Bareq in Arabian Peninsula, which was then part of the Umayyad caliphate.  He is considered one of the greatest poets. Much of his poetry revolves around the philosophy of life. Some consider his poems to be a great representation of his life story. He started writing poetry when he was young. He is well known for his sharp intelligence and wittiness. Among the topics he discussed were courage, the philosophy of life, and the description of battles. His great talent brought him very close to many leaders of his time. He praised those leaders and kings. His powerful and honest poetic style earned great popularity in his time. He was a contemporary of the great trio, Akhtal, Farazdaq, and Jarir, whose names stand out so pre-eminently in the list of the Umayyad bards that all contemporary poets are thrown into the shade. Thus there is no article on our poet in the Kitab al-Aghani, and he would have passed quite unnoticed but for his taking part in the literary duel between Farazdaq and Jarir. He, too, joined in the fray with his sympathies for Farazdaq. The anecdotes relating to the Flyting which he and Jarir composed against each other,   as narrated on the authority of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, will be found interesting.

Lineage

His full name was Suraqah b. Mirdas b. Asmaa b. Khalid b. al-Harith b. Awf b. Amr b. Sa`d b. Thailbh b. Kinanah al-Bariqi  Ibn Bariq Ibn Uday Ibn Haritha Ibn Amr Mazikiee Ibn Aamr bin Haritha Algtarif bin Imru al-Qais Thailb bin Mazen Ibn Al-Azd Ibn Al-Ghoth Ibn Nabit Ibn Malik bin Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba'a (Sheba) Ibn Yashjub Ibn Yarab Ibn Qahtan Ibn Hud (Eber).

Asmaa b. Khalid al-Bariqi () was his grandfather.

Suraqah & Jarir
It is said that Muhammad b. 'Umair b. 'Utârid al-Dârimî, a noble, offered four thousand dirhams and a horse to the poet who could compose a poem giving al-Farazdaq preference over Jarir. Of all poets Surâqah, who had already composed some invective upon Jarir, took up the challenge and produced a piece of lampoon which was carried to Jarîr, requiring him to make a reply forthwith. Jarir tried throughout the whole night but failed. At break of day, however, his poetical genius came to his aid and the sharp lampoon that this great poet then produced is said to have silenced Surâqah against Jarir once for all.

References

Poets from the Umayyad Caliphate
7th-century Arabic-language poets
Banu Bariq
698 deaths
Year of birth unknown
621 births
6th-century Arab people
7th-century Arab people

Suraqah al-Bariqi


Children of the Pyre (Ta paidia tis pyras) is a 2008 film documentary directed and produced by Rajesh S. Jala. The film documents the stories of seven children who cremate dead bodies and steal cremation shrouds at India's largest crematorium, Manikarnika, on the banks of the Ganges. Jala, also the cinematographer, shot over 100 hours of footage at the crematorium and surrounding sites, including candid interviews with the seven children described in the film, who discuss their difficult life cremating dead bodies and stealing shrouds from the bodies brought to the crematorium and reselling them to merchants for a nominal fee. In 2009, the filmmaker launched a project to improve the lives of the 300 children working at the crematorium.

The film was awarded "Best Documentary" at the 2008 Montréal World Film Festival, 2008 São Paulo International Film Festival, 2008 Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles, 2009 Asiatica Film Mediale, 2009 IDPA, and the "Silver Lotus Award" for "Best Audiography" at the 56th National Film Awards.

References

External links

Indian documentary films
2008 films
2000s Hindi-language films
Documentary films about death
Documentary films about India
2008 documentary films
Documentary films about children
Child labour in India

Children of the Pyre