Mirko Beer (20 February 1905 – 4 August 1942) was a surgeon, a military physician and a political activist originally from what is now Serbia.   He attracted attention in Spain as a leading military physician between 1936 and 1939, during the Civil War.   By 1941 he was living in the Soviet Union.   Suspected by the security services of espionage, he was arrested and jailed on 9 July 1941.   Still in jail, he was probably shot dead just over a year later.

Biography
Mirko Beer was born into an impoverished Jewish (by religion) family in Senta, a small border town, notable of its ethnic diversity, a short distance from Subotica and roughly equidistant between Budapest and  Timișoara.    The family was part of the town's Hungarian minority.   There were six children, but the other five were all girls:  Mirko was one of the youngest.   He attended the local gymnasium (secondary school) which prepared him for university admission.   He then attended the University of Vienna between 1923 and 1929, studying Medicine.   According to at least one source, cries of "Heil Hitler" could by this stage already be heard in the university's main auditorium.   In 1924 Beer joined the Socialist Students' Society.  He became – and would for the rest of his life remain – a committed communist.   He read from the literary pantheon works by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Wilhelm Reich.   He identified the looming dangers of Fascism and decided that he needed to engage politically.   In 1927 he illegally joined the Yugoslavian Communist Party.   At around the same time he joined Internationale Arbeiter-Hilfe (IAH / "Workers International Relief" / "Международная рабочая помощь"), a Berlin-based welfare organisation with close ties to Moscow.   In 1928 he set up a "Balkan secretariat" for the IAH in Subotica.

Between 1930 and 1932 Beer lived in Berlin.   He had been invited to move there by the architect-activist Heinrich Vogeler with whom, initially, he lived in the Hufeisensiedlung (housing estate) together with other socialists, communists and social democrats, in an "alternative residential community".   He worked for the Berlin medical service as a physician.  The large number of injured workers – Communists and Nazis alike – that he treated in the Friedrichshain Hospital (as it was then known) helped him to appreciate that Fascism in German was already something to be taken seriously.   He was also active on the fringes of the German Communist Party.   While he was living in Berlin, Mirko Beer met Gerda Schneuer, a political soul-mate and an actress and photographer originally from Hamburg.   Their intense personal relationship together endured till Beer's death in 1942.   There are references in some sources to their having lived together, after 1939 in Moscow, as man and wife with their little daughter, Öchen.

Accepting an invitation from the Soviet Ministry for the People's Health, in April 1932 he moved to the Soviet Union where he worked as a doctor at a Moscow research institute.

In July 1936, directly after the insurrection against the Republican government which triggered the Spanish Civil War, Mirko Beer traveled to Spain and volunteered to help on the government side.  He became one of the leading figures in the medical service.    It was common for Moscow-based party activists to use a party pseudonym, and during this period Mirko Beer identified himself as "Dr. Oscar Goryan".   Although he was much impressed by the international solidarity and the "almighty struggle in which an unarmed people were being seen to triumph over armede military formations" ("...großartigen Kampf, in dem ein waffenloses Volk ... die bewaffneten Formationen der Armee besiegte"), the aftermath of the Battle of Jarama in February 1937 convinced him of the need for the medical services on the republican side to be strengthened in order to cope with the scale of the casualties.  This marked, as written in a report, "the start of a structured war medical corps" ("Beginn einer regelrechten Kriegssanität").   Now his professional expertise came to the fore.    He was concerned to make more generally available to republican civil war comrades (and others) the lessons provided by medical experience gained in modern war conditions.   That was behind his launch of the journal "Stimme der Sanität" and his book "Puesto de Clasificacion".   He served as editor in chief of the journal till January 1938, using it to set forth the difficulties and shortcomings of the battlefield medical services that he was experiencing.   However, what comes across most powerfully in most of his own published contributions is his pride in what republican medical corps members were able to contribute after Jarama.   Pride resonates in the obituaries of fallen comrades.   He was proud of the military doctors who abandoned their comfort zones to work in the field hospitals.  He was proud of the "school" for badly unprepared medically qualified recruits to the republican side.   He was also proud of the continuing training for the sick and less-badly wounded patients in the field hospitals and of the tailored courses for carers.   But several articles also echo a yearning for an end to the slaughter of the war.

"Goryan", as civil war comrades knew Mirko Beer at this time, was widely respected as an exceptional physician, but that did not mean that he was without enemies.   André Marty, the French-born communist Political Commissar ("chief organiser") of the International Brigades, wrote in his (at the time strictly confidential) reports that "Goryan" had "wilfully taken to himself control of the internationalists' medical services" and so removed them from "party control".   Sources that focus on "Goryan" are content to set aside such criticism, however.

On 8 February 1939, with other "civil war brigadists", Mirko Beer left Spain.  The insurgents (identified by international backers such as Joseph Goebbels as "the nationalists") had won.    After crossing into France, Beer was interned, and held till May 1939.   Although he later described the Argelès Camp as "hellish" ("die wahre Hölle"), he immediately turned his attention to the medical needs of fellow internees.    Disease was rampant.   After the Spanish fighters were moved to Gurs he headed up the medical support and the "surgical consultancy".   In June 1939 he was able to return to Moscow.   "Our favourite person was back with us" ("Unser liebster Mensch war wieder bei uns"), his wife, Gerda, later wrote.   He returned to his work as a physician, working in an accident clinic, and he also resumed his academic work.   It was, perhaps, too good to last.

The German invasion in June 1941 came as a major shock to most Muscovites.   Mirko Beer had spent his first nine years in a multi-lingual border town in a multi-cultural empire.   From the perspective of Moscow-based work colleagues, that made him a brilliant linguist.   A few days after the German invasion a comrade-librarian overheard him discussing "with foreigners, in different languages, some of them incomprehensible".   That led to his arrest by the security services on 9 July 1941 on account of "allegedly espionage-linked relationships".    According to some sources he was then shot, still in jail, on 4 August 1942.   His sister Margit had written letters to Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri and Joseph Stalin pleading his case.   It seems unlikely that this letters ever reached their intended addressees.   An alternative account of his death surfaced only in June 1990, after several years of Glasnost had led to the opening up of previously secret Soviet records.   According to this version, which was passed to his daughter through the German Red Cross, Mirko Beer did actually face a trial at which he received a five year prison sentence, but he died on 11 August 1942, not as a result of being shot, but from Dysentery.

Notes

References

1905 births
1942 deaths
People from Senta
Serbian Jews
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Jews executed by the Soviet Union
Jewish socialists
People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
Yugoslav military doctors
Hungarian Jews
20th-century Hungarian physicians
League of Communists of Yugoslavia politicians
Yugoslav expatriates in the Soviet Union
Hungarian people executed by the Soviet Union
Yugoslav people executed by the Soviet Union

Mirko Beer


Shaun the Sheep Movie is a 2015 British stop-motion animated adventure comedy movie directed and written by Mark Burton and Richard Starzak and based on the British television series Shaun the Sheep, created by Nick Park, which in turn is a spin-off of the 1995 Wallace and Gromit film, A Close Shave. The movie follows Shaun and his flock into the big city to save their farmer, who finds himself with amnesia there as a result of their mischief. And an animal hunter follows all of them to capture them.

Cast
 Justin Fletcher as Shaun and Timmy
 John Sparkes as The Farmer and Bitzer
 Omid Djalili as Trumper
 Kate Harbour as Timmy's Mom and Merly
 Richard Webber as Shirley
 Tim Hands as Slip
 Simon Greenall as the twins
 Emma Tate as Hazel
 Andy Nyman as Nuts
 Henry Burton as a junior doctor and animal consultant
 Dhimant Vyas as a hospital consultant
 Sophie Laughton as an animal containment visitor
 Nia Medi James as an operatic sheep
 Sean Connolly as some stylists, a Maitre D, a golfer, an angry Pantoja horse and some hospital characters
 Stanley Unwin (via archive sound) as the bus station and hospital announcer
 Jack Paulson as a celebrity with hair trouble
 Nick Park as himself (cameo)

Other websites

  at AllMovie
2015 movies
2015 animated movies
2015 comedy movies
English-language movies
2015 adventure movies
British animated movies
British comedy movies
Movies about animals
Movies about farmers

Shaun the Sheep Movie


Nikolas Rose is a British sociologist and social theorist.  He is Distinguished Honorary Professor at the Research School of Social Sciences, in the College of Arts and Social Sciences at the Australian National University and Honorary Professor at the Institute of Advanced Studies at University College London. From January 2012 to until his retirement in April 2021 he was Professor of Sociology in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine (previously Social Science, Health & Medicine) at King's College London, having joined King's to found this new Department.  He was the Co-Founder and Co-Director of King's ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health. Before moving to King's College London, he was the James Martin White Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics, director and founder of LSE's BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society from 2002 to 2011, and Head of the LSE Department of Sociology (2002–2006). He was previously Professor of Sociology at Goldsmiths, University of London, where he was Head of the Department of Sociology, Pro-Warden for Research and Head of the Goldsmiths Centre for Urban and Community Research and Director of a major evaluation of urban regeneration in South East London.  He is a Fellow of the British Academy, the Royal Society of Arts and the Academy of Social Sciences, and a Fellow of the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters.  He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Sussex, England, and Aarhus University, Denmark.

Biography
Originally trained as a biologist, Nikolas Rose has done extensive research on the history and sociology of psychiatry, on mental health policy and risk, and on the social implications of recent developments in psychopharmacology. He has also published widely on the genealogy of subjectivity, on the history of empirical thought in sociology, and on changing rationalities of political power. He is particularly known for his development of the work of the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault for the analysis of the politics of our present, and stimulating the revival of studies of governmentality in the Anglo-American world. His own approach to these issues was set out in his 1999 book Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought.

His first book, The Psychological Complex, published in 1985, pioneered a new way of understanding the social history and implications of the discipline of psychology.  This was followed in 1996 by Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power and Personhood and in1989 by Governing the Soul: the shaping of the private self  .  These three books are widely recognised as founding texts in a new way of understanding and analysing the links between expertise, subjectivity and political power. Rose argues that the proliferation of the 'psy' disciplines has been intrinsically linked with transformations in governmentality, in the rationalities and technologies of political power in 'advanced and liberal democracies'. (See also governmentality for a description of Rose's development of Foucault's concepts).

In 1989, he founded the History of the Present Research Network, an international network of researchers whose work was influenced by the writings of Michel Foucault Together with Paul Rabinow, he edited the Fourth Volume of Michel Foucault's Essential Works.

In November 2001, he was listed by The Guardian newspaper as one of the top five UK based social scientists (), on the basis of a twenty-year analysis of citations to research papers, and the most cited UK based sociologist.

For six years he was managing editor of the journal Economy & Society, one of the UK's leading interdisciplinary journal of social science, and he is  a founder and co-editor of BioSocieties: An interdisciplinary journal for social studies of life sciences.

In 2007 he was awarded an ESRC Professorial Research Fellowship – a three-year project entitled 'Brain, Self and Society in the 21st Century'. In 2013, writing with Joelle Abi-Rached, he published  Neuro: the new brain sciences and the management of the mind.  He has long advocated for 'revitalizing' the social and human sciences through a 'critical friendship' with the life sciences, setting out the nature and implications of his 'cartography of the present' in a number of widely cited papers and in The Politics of Life Itself, published in 2007.

Throughout his academic career he has been a critical analyst of psychiatry.  His first book on this topic, The Power of Psychiatry, a collection edited together with Peter Miller  was published in1986. His most recent book Our Psychiatric Future: the politics of mental health was published by Polity Press in October 2018. His recent work has been on the social shaping of mental distress and its biopolitical implications: his  book The Urban Brain: Mental Health in the Vital City, written with Des Fitzgerald, was published by Princeton University Press in 2022.

Nikolas Rose has led many international collaborative research projects, including BIONET, a major collaboration of European and Chinese researchers on the ethical governance of biomedical research in China.  He is the Chair of the Neuroscience and Society Network, an international network to encourage critical collaboration between social scientists and neuroscientists, which was funded for several years by the European Science Foundation.

He was previously a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics where he was a member of the Council's Working Party on Medical profiling and online medicine: the ethics of 'personalised healthcare' in a consumer age (2008–2010) and  on Novel Neurotechnologies: intervening in the human brain. He also served for several years as a member of the Royal Society's Science Policy Committee.  He was Co-Director of the first publicly funded UK centre dedicated to synthetic biology based at Imperial College. where he led a team examining the social, ethical, legal and political dimensions of this emerging field. At King's he led a team of researchers exploring the social implications of new developments in biotechnology, and committed to the democratisation of scientific research and technological development, with a particular focus on synthetic biology and neurobiology.  For many years he was a member of the Social and Ethical Division of the Human Brain Project, where he led the Foresight Lab based at King's College London which aimed to identify and evaluate the potential impact of the new knowledge and technologies produced by the Human Brain Project in neuroscience, neurology, computing and robotics, and also examined such issues as artificial intelligence and the political, security, intelligence and military uses of novel brain technologies.

His work has been translated into many languages including Swedish, Danish, Finnish, German, Italian, French, Hungarian, Korean, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Romanian, Portuguise and Spanish.

Selected publications

Books
 The Urban Brain: Mental Health in the Vital City, with Des Fitzgerald (Princeton University Press, in press, 2022)
Our Psychiatric Future: the politics of mental health, (Polity, 2018)
 Neuro: The New Brain Sciences and the Management of the Mind, with Joelle M. Abi-Rached (Princeton University Press, 2013)
 Governing the Present: Administering Economic, Social and Personal Life, with Peter Miller (Polity, 2008)
 The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century, (PUP, 2007)
 Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
 Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power and Personhood (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
 Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self (Routledge, 1989, Second edition, Free Associations, 1999)
 The Psychological Complex: Psychology, Politics and Society in England, 1869–1939 (Routledge, 1985)

Chapters in edited collections (selected)
'Writing the History of the Present', in Jonathan Joseph, ed., Social Theory: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005 (with Andrew Barry and Thomas Osborne) (Reprint of selections from Introduction to Foucault and Political Reason, 1996.)
'Biological Citizenship', in Aihwa Ong and Stephen Collier, eds., Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics and Ethics as Anthropological Problems, pp. 439–463. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005 (with Carlos Novas)
Introduction to The Essential Foucault: Selections from Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984, New York: New Press, 2004 (with Paul Rabinow)
'Becoming Neurochemical Selves', in Nico Stehr, ed., Biotechnology, Commerce and Civil Society, Transaction Press, 2004
'The neurochemical self and its anomalies', in R. Ericson, ed., Risk and Morality, pp. 407–437. University of Toronto Press, 2003.
'Power and psychological techniques', in Y. Bates and R. House, eds., Ethically Challenged Professions, pp. 27–46. Ross-on-Wye:  PCCS Books, 2003.
'Society, madness, and control', in A. Buchanan, ed., The Care of the Mentally Disordered Offender in the Community, pp. 3–25, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2001)
'At Risk of Madness', in T. Baker and J. Simon, eds., Embracing Risk: The Changing Culture of Insurance and Responsibility, pp. 209–237, Chicago: University of Chicago Press (2001)

Papers in refereed journals (selected)
'Towards neuroecosociality: mental health in adversity', Theory, Culture and Society, 2021: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0263276420981614
'Revitalizing sociology: urban life and mental illness between history and the present', British Journal of Sociology, 67, 1, 138-160 (With Des Fitzgerald and Ilina Singh)
'Still like 'birds on the wire'', Economy and Society, 2017, 46, 3-4, 303-323
Reading the Human Brain How the Mind Became Legible', Body and Society, 2016, 22 ,2, 140-177: doi:10.1177/1357034X15623363
'Spatial Phenomenotechnics: Making space with Charles Booth and Patrick Geddes', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2004, 22: 209–228 (with Thomas Osborne).
'Neurochemical selves', Society, November/December 2003, 41, 1, 46–59.
'Kontroll', Fronesis, 2003, Nr. 14-15, 82–101.
'The politics of life itself', Theory, Culture and Society (2001), 18(6): 1–30.
'Genetic risk and the birth of the somatic individual', Economy and Society, Special Issue on configurations of risk (2000), 29 (4): 484–513. (with Carlos Novas).
'The biology of culpability: pathological identities in a biological culture', Theoretical Criminology (2000), 4, 1, 5–34.

Notes

External links
Nikolas Rose Personal Website
Brain, Self and Society project
Department of Global Health and Social Medicine

1947 births
Living people
British sociologists
Academics of the London School of Economics
Academics of King's College London
Foucault scholars
Synthetic biologists
Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences

Nikolas Rose


Ákos Ányos Hadházy (born 4 March 1974) is a Hungarian veterinarian and politician. He was co-President of the Politics Can Be Different (Lehet Más a Politika; LMP) party from 2016 to 2018, and has been a member of the National Assembly (MP) from the party's National List since 2016, and an independent representative for Budapest 8th Constituency since 2022.

Profession
Hadházy was born on 4 March 1974 in Debrecen into a Calvinist family. He finished his secondary studies at Leövey Klára Gimnázium in Pécs. He earned a degree of veterinary at the University of Veterinary Science in 1998. He conducted research for a semester at the University of Giessen, where passed the exams of pathology and food microbiology. He also worked for the Institute of Biology of the Semmelweis University, where he studied cellular biology.

He started his veterinary practice in Szekszárd as an assistant. He worked as a professional manager in the Veterinary Center since 2001. He is the owner of the local central animal hospital since 2009. He specializes in pet internal medicine, laboratory diagnostics and oncology.

Political career

Fidesz
Ákos Hadházy was a member of the Fidesz party. He became a local representative in Szekszárd during the 2006 local elections. He was a member of the committee on the economy. He was re-elected in the 2010 local elections. After that he served on the committee on culture. He became nationally known in April 2013, after giving an interview to news portal HVG. In it he confirmed the claims by opposition politicians and journals that the ruling Fidesz government awarded national tobacco sales rights based on party connections, and favoring local pro-government politicians including the mayor of Szekszárd, István Horváth. Horváth denied the charges but HVG presented a leaked audio recording from an assembly of the local representative body, which strengthened Hadházy's allegations. The news portal quoted Horváth who said it was most important that "applicants should be committed conservatives" and "socialist supporters must not win [at the tendering process]".

LMP
After the interview, Hadházy left Fidesz and its caucus in June 2013, and continued his work as an independent representative. Hadházy became affiliated with the left-wing green party Politics Can Be Different (LMP) by late 2013; he was the party's candidate for the individual parliamentary seat of Szekszárd (Tolna County Constituency I) and came to the fourth place during the 2014 parliamentary election. Soon he officially joined the party. Hadházy ran for the mayoral seat of Szekszárd in the October 2014 local elections. Beside LMP, he was supported by the other left-wing parliamentary parties (MSZP, DK and Together) too. He was defeated by Fidesz candidate Rezső Ács with 5 percent difference (Horváth did not run again for the office). After that Hadházy submitted a protest against the result in the Regional Court of Pécs, presenting evidences about organized tours of voters. The submission was well founded and the court annulled the outcome of the election. A new mayoral election was held on 9 November 2014, and Ács again defeated Hadházy, who obtained 42 percent of the vote.

On 18 July 2015, Hadházy was elected to the LMP's leadership. He launched a portal korrupcioinfo.hu and held weekly press conferences, where uncovered numerous alleged corruption cases involved Fidesz politicians and government—close businessmen and bankers. After the LMP's most well-known politician, András Schiffer announced his retirement from politics, Hadházy was elected co-chair of the party on 16 July 2016, alongside Bernadett Szél. He was also elected a Member of Parliament via the party's national list on 12 September 2016, replacing Schiffer. There he became a member of the Legislative Committee. Hadházy criticized the Orbán government's migrant quota referendum campaign in October 2016; he called the referendum as "destructive", because it "whipped up panic-like fear" among the citizens, while distracting from the "collapsing health care" and the "looting of EU funds at state level". He also said Orbán "isolated himself internationally with his populist campaign of provocation".

During the campaign period of the 2018 parliamentary election, Hadházy was a strong advocate for cooperation among left-wing opposition parties despite the LMP's contradictory resolutions. According to press sources, Hadházy negotiated with numerous individual candidates to step back for the benefit of the most prominent opposition candidate, without authorization of the party leadership. As a result, the LMP's ethics committee initiated proceedings against him, but all of these were covered to the public until the election. Despite Tamás Harangozó (MSZP) withdrew his candidacy in favour of Hadházy, he again lost to Fidesz MP István Horváth in Szekszárd constituency. Hadházy became MP via his party's national list. As the governing Fidesz–KDNP won a two-thirds majority in a row for the third time, Hadházy resigned as co-leader of the LMP at the night of the election day. He was interviewed by 24.hu on the next day, where he claimed former party leader András Schiffer and board secretary Róbert Benedek Sallai threatened party candidates with litigation of million HUF to not to withdraw their candidacy. Both politicians refused the charges. On 14 April, Sallai physically assaulted Hadházy during an ethics committee meeting. Hadházy filed charges against his party colleague due to the attack.

Hadházy refused to attend the opening session of the new parliamentary term on 8 May 2018, claiming the newly formed national assembly as "illegitimate" due to the result of the controversial national election. He took his parliamentary oath a month later, on 4 June. Meanwhile Hadházy was marginalized within LMP. On 24 May, the party's disciplinary banned Hadházy from bearing any party positions for the upcoming two years because of his role in the campaign period of the national election, when he negotiated with the representatives of other parties without authorization. Hadházy left the party on 20 June 2018, but he stated he wished to retain his parliamentary mandate.

Independent
Hadházy defeated the incumbent MP, Tóth Csaba, in the 2021 opposition primary and became the united opposition nominee for the 8th constituency of Budapest. Despite the landslide Fidesz victory nationally in the 2022 parliamentary elections, Hadházy won his district with around 54% of the vote, compared to the 36% of his Fidesz challenger. After the elections, he generated controversy by once again refusing to take his oath of office. Due to Hadházys actions the Parliamentary Rules Committee proposed a rules change which would strip MPs of their seat if they refuse to take their oath of office, opposition aligned media outlets dubbed the new regulation the "Lex Hadházy".

References

1974 births
Living people
Hungarian veterinarians
Fidesz politicians
LMP – Hungary's Green Party politicians
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2014–2018)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2018–2022)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2022–2026)
People from Debrecen
People from Szekszárd
Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians

Ákos Hadházy


The Donge is a small river in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It rises from springs east of Baarle-Nassau as a stream called Leij. Near Tilburg the name changes to Donge. It passes the village of Dongen and flows north to the town of Geertruidenberg where it's continued by the Amer together with the Bergse Maas.

Its length is 35 km.

Use of the river
Because the Donge gets wider around the city of Geertruidenberg, it was mainly used for industrial purposes in that area. Until 1952 the powerplant Dongecentrale, which provided all of North Brabant with electricity was located at the river. When it was discontinued, the Amercentrale (located at the river Amer) took over its tasks, some of the ships with coals still use the Donge. Until 2005, 4 ship manufacturers were also located at the river.

The only big industry left at the banks of the river are in the north-east side, around Geertruidenberg.

In previous centuries, more upstream, the Donge was heavily used in the leather industry. Because of its relatively fast current, it was used to clean skins, and rinse chemicals from the processed product. Therefore, during the 20th century the Donge was one of the most polluted rivers in the Netherlands.

Miscellanea
 Two sub-dialects of the Brabantian dialect arose due to the existence of the river. Because the people on either side of the river didn't have much contact in earlier days, West-Brabantian is mainly spoken on the west side of the river, as East-Brabantian is spoken, naturally, on the east side of the river.

External links
Video of Omroep Brabant on the Donge (in Dutch)

References

Rivers of North Brabant
Rivers of the Netherlands
Geertruidenberg

Donge (river)


Bryce Canyon Lodge is a lodging facility in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, United States, built between 1924 and 1925 using local materials. Designed by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood, the lodge is an excellent example of National Park Service rustic design, and the only remaining completely original structure that Underwood designed for Bryce Canyon National Park, Zion National Park, and the North Rim of the Grand Canyon.

Description
The two-story lodge is built on a stone base with intentionally oversized log framing, creating a massive, rustic appearance. The central portion of the building dates to 1924, with the addition of the north and southeast wings taking place in 1926. The lodge is entered by a long porch fronting the entire lobby, whose roof rests on a  long log beam supported by paired log columns. The lodge is capped by a heavy, steeply-pitched shingled roof with clipped gables and shed dormers.

The main floor of the lodge comprises the lobby, a dining room, a small auditorium, a gift shop, kitchen and administrative and utility spaces.  The dining room and auditorium are open to the roof with exposed log trusses. The lobby features milled timbers with Arts and Crafts detailing. Fireplaces of rough rubble stone are found in the lobby, where the firebox is constructed in a pointed arch, and in the auditorium. A basement underlies much of the main level.

The lodge's roof is notable for its unusual shingling pattern, originally designed by Underwood, in which the lower edges of the horizontal shingle courses form irregular, undulating moiré or wave-like patterns across the roof. This creates an optical illusion that the roof is warped, or in motion. This unique shingling pattern is on the original cabins as well as the main lodge buildings, and has been replicated with each re-roofing of the complex, using the original pattern, as a way to keep the craftsman's trademarks of the original builders and Underwood's design.

Deluxe cabins
The satellite cabins, called deluxe cabins, are to the southeast of the lodge. Five buildings contain four lodging units, and ten contain two. The cabins have rubble stone chimneys and corner pilasters, with log slab siding on the main wall exposures, simulating full log construction, complete with chinking. The cabins have log-framed porches with log railings. On the interior the roof trusses are exposed. Original paneling complements the stone fireplaces. The area formerly included two other lines of cabins, the budget cabins and standard cabins, since removed.

History

The Bryce Canyon Lodge was built by the Utah Parks Company, a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railroad, and opened by T. E. Fitzgerald, a noted hotel manager in the region. The lodge was part of the railroad's project to develop tourist traffic to Bryce, Zion, and the Grand Canyon by providing noteworthy destination hotels at each park. The Union Pacific was following in the footsteps of other railroads' efforts to promote the western parks of the United States and Canada. Architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood was in charge of the design work for the Union Pacific hotels. Construction at the Bryce Canyon Lodge started in 1924 and was completed in the early summer of 1925. The guest wings were added in 1926 and the auditorium in 1927. The second floor of the lodge was used as the dormitory for women employees of the lodge. The budget and economy cabins, also designed by Underwood, were mostly built in 1927, with five deluxe cabins. Ten more deluxe cabins were completed by 1929.

Bryce Canyon Lodge is operated by Aramark, a park-management company selected and contracted by the National Park Service. The lodge and cabins were declared a National Historic Landmark (NHL) on May 28, 1987 under the name "Bryce Canyon Lodge and Deluxe Cabins." The historic district was expanded on April 25, 1995, as the Bryce Canyon Lodge Historic District which encompasses the National Historic Landmark District but is not itself an NHL.

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Utah
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Garfield County, Utah

References

External links

 Architecture in the Parks: A National Historic Landmark Theme Study: Bryce Canyon Lodge and Deluxe Cabins, by Laura Soullière Harrison, at National Park Service.

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
National Register of Historic Places in Bryce Canyon National Park
Gilbert Stanley Underwood buildings
Hotels established in 1924
National Historic Landmarks in Utah
National Park Service rustic in Utah
Tourist attractions in Garfield County, Utah
Historic American Buildings Survey in Utah
National Register of Historic Places in Garfield County, Utah
1925 establishments in Utah

Bryce Canyon Lodge


Battle for Britain was a comic strip cartoon published in the fortnightly satirical magazine Private Eye in the United Kingdom during the 1980s. It depicted Margaret Thatcher's second term of office as prime minister, but with the politicians shown as British soldiers or Nazi officials, as in a comic of the Second World War. The strip was attributed to Monty Stubble, which was a nom de plume of editor Ian Hislop, and to his artistic collaborator Nick Newman.

Publication history
The name "Monty Stubble" is a play on the film-title I Was Monty's Double; the film being based upon the career of M. E. Clifton James, an actor who was employed during the Second World War to impersonate General Montgomery for the purposes of espionage and to confuse the enemy.

Battle For Britain appeared in Private Eye between 1983 and 1987. The series ended after the 1987 general election; this was explained by Private Eye as happening because Stubble "was tragically lost in action in the last week of the war, believed to have been hit by a stray pencil sharpener".

The collected strips were then published in book form by André Deutsch.

Synopsis

The strip is considered to rank alongside the best to appear in the magazine.  It was a satirical presentation of the struggles of the Labour Party opposition led by Neil Kinnock against the Conservative government led by Mrs Thatcher. The style borrowed liberally from Fleetway's War Picture Library comic series, and also D. C. Thomson & Co.'s Commando. In such comics the Germans were typically portrayed as one-dimensional stereotypes, uttering phrases such as "Dummkopf", "Der Teufel", "Donner und Blitzen", "Gott in Himmel", "Schweinhund", etc. seemingly spoken in the accents used by Nazi villains in British war films. This was reflected in Battle for Britain.

The background
There were three groups of protagonists.

The Conservative government is shown as a Fascist regime ruling the "Fatherland". Margaret Thatcher is depicted as the führer, "Herr Thatchler", a paranoid megalomaniac, served by her grovelling henchmen who include von Gummer (John Gummer), von Tebbit (Norman Tebbit), Helmut Lawson (Nigel Lawson), von Porkinson (Cecil Parkinson—the word "pork" being a play on Parkinson's affair with Sara Keays), Rudolph Hesseltine (a fusion of Michael Heseltine and Rudolf Hess) and Lord Howe-Howe (a play on Geoffrey Howe and Lord Haw-Haw, the wartime collaborator who was hanged for treason).
The Labour Party opposition is portrayed as a platoon of British soldiers referred to as "the Marauders", battling against superior forces and always being defeated. They are led by the inexperienced Corporal "Taffy" Kinnock (Neil Kinnock—"taffy" is common slang for Welshman) and the turban-wearing "Darky" Chatterjee (Roy Hattersley, who was MP for Sparkbrook, a multi-racial constituency in Birmingham). The platoon is usually depicted as backbiting, inept, insubordinate and uncooperative, which is the main reason for its constant defeats. Much of Taffy's woe originates among his own followers, especially from left-wingers such as "Barmy" Benn (Tony Benn) and "Fatty" Heffer (Eric Heffer), whose "cruel cockney humour" often has the last word, lowering morale on his own side, and is a feature in almost every instalment.
The SDP-Liberal Alliance (made up of the Social Democratic Party led by David Owen, and the Liberal Party led by David Steel) is referred to as "the Allies", led by Doc "Killer" Owen of the paramedics and "Wee" Jock Steel, the Tartan Terror. As in many satirical presentations (such as Spitting Image), Steel is shown as a weakling overshadowed by the dominant Owen. After failing to impress in the 1987 general election, the two parties merged to form the Liberal Democrats in 1988; the "jokey" image of the Alliance put across by satirists was a major factor in what was seen as a search for more "gravitas".

The humour
The humour in the strip relied heavily on puns and put-downs, with characters often making cynical and unpleasant remarks at others on their own side. "Taffy" Kinnock in particular is always mocked by "Fatty" Heffer's cruel cockney humour. Meanwhile, von Gummer and later Jeffroech Archer (Jeffrey Archer) are referred to by Thatchler's other henchmen as "Gumkopf" and "Archcreep schwein". Hislop and Newman skilfully portrayed events in contemporary political life in terms of the fictional battle stories as depicted in the comic-books:

By-election campaigns were shown as the liberation of French towns; Chesterfield (1984) became "Chester-le-Field" and Greenwich (1987) became "Greneviche".
 When government ministers were dismissed from office, Thatchler is shown ordering them to be taken out and shot.
The UK miners' strike (1984–1985) is shown as "Sapper" Scargill (Arthur Scargill) leading Taffy's Marauders through some treacherous minefields.
The campaign to abolish the Greater London Council (a body led in 1985 by Ken Livingstone) was fronted by Environment Secretary Patrick Jenkin. Monty Stubble depicted this as The Blitz—a raid on London led by bomber commander "Patroech Junkers" (a pun on Junkers Ju 88, a wartime German aircraft), opposed from RAF South Bank (a reference to County Hall, the GLC headquarters on London's South Bank) by Spitfire ace "Red" Ken (with "Red" a reference to Livingstone's far-left wing attitude—and, in real life, a frequent nickname for him).

Example

This particular example of the strip was published in Private Eye in July 1986, at about the time when Parliament was about to go into recess.

Labour had just won the Newcastle-under-Lyme by-election. Kinnock (holding the flag) was in the middle of a struggle to assert his authority as party leader in the face of an attempted takeover by the entryist Militant group, and had recently managed to expel leading Militant activist Derek Hatton from the party. Hatton (carrying the bag) is shown with fellow left-wingers (but not Militant members) Tony Benn (in the dress) and Eric Heffer.
The Alliance had failed to gain the seat by about 800 votes. They had complained that the media were not giving them as much coverage as they felt their campaign deserved, which they alleged cost them a famous win.
Thatcher was being heavily criticised by other Commonwealth leaders for her mildly lukewarm support for sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa led by President P.W. Botha.
As a result, half the eligible participant countries boycotted the 1986 Commonwealth Games being held in Edinburgh.
The Conservative Party was worried about its standing in the opinion polls, especially as speculation was starting to grow that a general election was likely to be held the following year.

Aftermath
When the series ended in 1987, it was replaced by Dan Dire, Pilot of the Future?, which took a similar comic-book view of politics. This time, the model was Frank Hampson's artwork for Dan Dare, as seen in the popular 1950–1969 comic for boys Eagle. In keeping with the science fiction theme, Kinnock became "Dan Dire" (the questioning title was over whether or not he would ever be prime minister); Mrs Thatcher became "the Maggon" in reference to Dan Dare's arch-enemy the Mekon; and Owen became "Doctor Whowen", a reference to BBC sci-fi hero Doctor Who.

Book

References

External links

Private Eye
1983 comics debuts
1987 comics endings
Satirical comics
Parody comics
Parodies of films
Comics about politics
Comic strips based on real people
Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher
British comic strips
Comics set in the 1940s
Comics set in the 1980s
Comics set in the United Kingdom

Battle for Britain (Private Eye)


Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) is a political party in India, in the state of Haryana. INLD was founded in October 1996 as Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya) by Choudhary Devi Lal, who served as Deputy Prime Minister of India in the V.P. Singh's Cabinet and Chief Minister of Haryana twice. His son Om Prakash Chautala also served as the Chief Minister of Haryana and  is serving as the President of the party.
Former Leader of Opposition, Abhay Singh Chautala is currently Secretary General of INLD.

History

Chaudhary Devi Lal founded the Bharatiya Lok Dal in 1974 after winning the election from Rori constituency to the Haryana Legislative Assembly, while the INLD was founded in the year 1987 after assembly election. The 1982 and 1987 elections were fought under the name Lok Dal (LKD). The party renamed into its current name in 1998. The party was a member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), and thus part of the Bharatiya Janata Party led government from 1998 to 2004 at the Federal level.

INLD has performed poorly in all the four consecutive general elections held since 1998. It lost consecutive assembly elections for Haryana in 2005, 2009 and 2013. It failed to win any seats in Lok Sabha in 2004 and 2009 general elections, despite being in alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party in 2009.

In the Lok Sabha elections 1999, the INLD had an electoral alliance with BJP in Haryana. Each party contested five of the ten seats in the state. All ten were elected.

In 2000,  Chautala was elected as the Chief Minister of Haryana for the fifth time. In the 2000 state assembly elections, INLD won 47 out of the 90 seats. Later, INLD broke its alliance with the BJP and left the NDA and the government.

In 2004, the party contested on 20 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Chandigarh, but 14 of those lost their deposits. Its 10 candidates in Haryana secured 22.43 per cent votes, 5 candidates secured 0.52 per cent votes in Rajasthan, 4 candidates secured 0.02 per cent votes in Uttar Pradesh and its lone candidate UT secured 6.61 per cent votes in Chandigarh.

However, in the 2005 Haryana state assembly elections, INLD lost its majority, winning just 9 out of the 90 seats compared to the Congress party's 67 seats. In 2009, the INLD won 31 seats.

On 16 January 2013, Om Prakash Chautala and Ajay Chautala were sent jail after a New Delhi court sentenced them to ten years imprisonment under various provisions of the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act.

In the 16th Lok Sabha elections, the INLD won on two seats. Dushyant Chautala was elected for a Hisar Lok Sabha Seat and Charanjeet Singh Rori was elected for a Sirsa Lok Sabha Seat.

In Rohtak at Chhotu Ram Stadium, INLD made the Guinness World Records for having supporters apply for 10,450 eye donations in 8 hours.

In the 2014 Legislative Assembly election, the INLD won 19 seats and is the chief opposition party in the state. Abhay Singh Chautala has been elected as Leader of Opposition in the State of Haryana.

On 14 April 2015, Indian National Lok Dal, Janata Dal (United), Janata Dal (Secular), Rashtriya Janata Dal, Samajwadi Party, and Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) announced that they would merge into a new national Janata Parivar Alliance.

Jannayak Janta Party emerged from a split in the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) which itself had been caused by infighting among the Chautala family. An INLD rally at Gohana in October 2018 had seen heckling of Abhay Chautala, a son of INLD leader Om Prakash Chautala for which Dushyant Chautala, a grandson, and his younger brother, Digvijay Chautala, were blamed.

The JJP was formally launched at a rally in Jind in December 2018 by Dushyant Chautala who held a seat in the Lok Sabha of the national Parliament of India, from when he was an INLD member.

For 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election, they forged alliance with Shiromani Akali Dal. Previously both parties fought elections together but their alliance fell in 2017 over the issue of the Sutlej Yamuna link canal.

Nafe Singh Rathee has been appointed State president of Haryana. Rakesh Sihag is the official INLD Spokesperson for Media.

INLD Students Organization (ISO) is the official student wing of INLD. Shri Arjun Chautala is the national Incharge and Adv Raman Dhaka is the Secretary General of ISO.

List of Chief Minister

See also
 Aaya Ram Gaya Ram
 Dynastic politics of Haryana

References

External links
 official website of Indian National Lok Dal

External links
http://www.inld.org

Political parties in India
State political parties in Haryana
Janata Parivar
Political parties established in 1999
1999 establishments in Haryana

Indian National Lok Dal


George Alfred Lynn (October 5, 1915 in Edwardsville, Pennsylvania – March 16, 1989 in Colorado Springs, Colorado) was an American composer, conductor, pianist, organist, singer, and music educator. A longtime member of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, his compositional output encompasses more than 200 orchestral and choral pieces; many of which have been performed by major American symphony orchestras like the Denver Symphony, the American Symphony Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski, and the Philadelphia Orchestra. He taught on the music faculties of several prominent American colleges, notably conducting several university choirs. Throughout his life he was active as a conductor, organist, and pianist for various church and community choirs.

Life and career
Born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, George Lynn was the son of immigrants from Sweden. He began working as a professional church organist in 1927 at the age of twelve. He entered Westminster Choir College in 1934 where he earned a Bachelor of Music in 1938. Among his teachers were Paul Boepple (conducting), Roy Harris (composition), Carl Weinrich (organ), and John Finley Williamson (conducting). He won second prize in the 1940 World's Fair for his composition "Hem and Haw - Seven Rounds and a Coda".  He married soprano Betty Lynn prior to enlisting in the Army.  They had a son, Eric, and lived in Oklahoma while George Lynn was overseas.  After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he entered the graduate music composition program at Princeton University where he was a pupil of Randall Thompson. He graduated from the school in 1947 with a Master of Fine Arts.

While studying at Princeton, Lynn returned to Westminster Choir College as a faculty member, teaching classes in organ and conducting. He left there in 1950 to join the music faculty at the University of Colorado at Boulder where he conducted several choirs for two years. At this time he divorced his first wife.  He married Lucile Miller in 1952 and the couple had two daughters, Christina and Lorna.  He then served as the organist/choirmaster at First Baptist Church, Saint Thomas Episcopal Church and First Plymouth Congregational Church in Denver and taught piano, organ, and singing out of a private studio. He returned to Westminster in 1963 when he was appointed the college's music director, a post he held through 1969.

In 1969 Lynn returned to Denver where he spent most of the rest of his life. From 1971 to 1986 he directed choirs and taught conducting at the Colorado School of Mines and at Loretto Heights College. He and his wife Lucile moved to Colorado Springs in 1977 and he became the minister of music at the Broadmoor Community Church and an active member of the musical scene in the city.  He commuted and continued to teach at Loretto Heights and Colorado School of Mines.   He served as a professor of choral music at Rice University in 1986-1987, after which he lived in retirement in Colorado. Among his notable students were conductors David Agler, Larry Biser, Eph Ehly, Gregory Gentry, Patricia Kazarow and Wayne Richmond and voice students [Gregory Stapp] and Bruce Brys. He died in Colorado Springs at the age of 73. His wife Lucile donated all of his manuscripts to the American Music Research Center.  The archive was officially opened with a celebratory concert at the University of Colorado at Boulder on November 7, 1995.  Christina Lynn-Craig continues to promote performances of her father's music.  2015 is the centenary of his birth.  Celebrations of his teaching, conducting and compositions will be held at Westminster Choir College in May 2015 and at the University of Colorado in October 2015.  There is a "100 Performance Centenary Challenge" which is meant to encourage musicians to include a piece of George Lynn's on a recital, or in a worship service or to build a concert around his music.

References

1915 births
1989 deaths
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
American male composers
American male conductors (music)
American organists
American male organists
Colorado School of Mines faculty
Princeton University alumni
Rice University faculty
University of Colorado faculty
Westminster Choir College alumni
Westminster Choir College faculty
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century American composers
20th-century organists
20th-century American male musicians

George Lynn (composer)


Buddy the Woodsman is a 1934 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon, directed by Jack King. The short was released on October 27, 1934, and stars Buddy, the second star of the series.

Summary
A tree comes down in a forest and several lumberjacks hack away at it with their axes. To the side, two lumberjacks, one a muscular man, the other one rather scrawny, chop at a tree, but only the larger man makes any progress. The skinny fellow prances off to a tiny sapling and with some effort chops it down, only to end up with pieces of it stuck to his head. The pieces resemble antlers. The lumber men have several inventive methods for chopping trees: one, involving a tractor-like vehicle with a large saw protruding from its side, leads to the felling of a guard tower in the forest!

The scene switches to Buddy, who, upon chopping a tree with his axe, sends such a shake upwards that a mother and father bird are forced to remove their nest and babies from the tree top and carry the nest elsewhere. Some time obviously passes, for in the next scene, Buddy has already succeeded in felling the trunk. Merrily whistling away, Our Hero next gently glides a lawnmower-like device across a fallen trunk, in the process creating many toothpicks, which he then dumps into a truck, yelling to the driver: "Take it away!" Using a saw as though it were a jump rope, Buddy cuts a standing tree into several smaller pieces.

Buddy so goads a goat that the creature chases him. The goat's horns cut through the suspended logs atop which Buddy runs from the pursuing creature. Eventually, the goat rams headfirst into a tree, and gets incapacitated. Buddy then carries an armful of small logs, but drops them, upon tripping, just perfectly that they are arranged across a wooden stand as a xylophone, which Buddy then plays by means of two axes: a totem pole comes to life and dances for the lumberjacks. The hard-working men are called to supper: enthusiastically, they wash up. A song before the meal: "I Open the Old Northwest", with Buddy at the piano. Cookie serves the men their spaghetti.

As the men enjoy their food, a bear (with ears like those of Mickey Mouse) enters the dining cabin through its chimney; the men disappear (almost inexplicably, through the floorboards), leaving Cookie to scold the unwelcome beast. Having no success, Cookie hides and calls Buddy, who punches the bear in the nose, causing it to fall backwards into a stove and catch a stovepipe on its wounded snout. Now the bear is mad! Buddy throws hot pepper at the incensed creature, causing it to sneeze all of the dishes on the table back into place on a nearby shelf. A chase ensues. Reemerging, Cookie fires a shotgun at the bear's behind, causing the bear's focus to change. Buddy tosses the playing stool (which had been sitting at the piano) at the bear, and, in an inveterate gag, the stool's midsection extends underneath the bear that the invader is lifted out of the building (through the roof); the bear runs off as Buddy & Cookie, at the piano, sing "The Bear Went over the Mountain".

Dating discrepancy
The article Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929-1939) & Leonard Maltin's Of Mice and Magic, hereinafter cited, both claim October 20 as this cartoon's release date; however, conflicts arise as to the order in which the cartoons featuring Buddy were released. For more on this issue see the relevant section of the article Buddy's Circus.

Cookie
Cookie, who usually here has blond, braided hair. This occurs only in those shorts directed by Jack King, though not all of them.

References

External links

1934 films
1934 animated films
1930s American animated films
1930s animated short films
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Bernard B. Brown
Films scored by Norman Spencer (composer)
Animated films about bears
Films directed by Jack King
Buddy (Looney Tunes) films
Looney Tunes shorts
Films set in forests

Buddy the Woodsman


Abacoa is a community in Palm Beach County in the U.S. state of Florida, within the outer city limits of Jupiter. Construction began in 1997 on land once owned by the American businessman John D. MacArthur. The development is an example of the New Urbanism architectural movement in Florida.

History
Abacoa was conceived in 1993, when the MacArthur Foundation proposed the plan to the county of Palm Beach, to be executed on land from MacArthur's endowment. The Foundation opted to partner with a developer, maintaining a 35% minority stake in the project.

Initial home sales were brisk, with 4,000 of 6,000 units built as of 2009. However, tenancy of retail spaces in Abacoa Town Center were sluggish, with a third of 40-some storefronts, as well as the center's movie theater, shuttered as of 2007. Also noted was residents' displeasure that a number of the open establishments were bars that locals found disruptive.

The name derives from that of a village of the Jaega tribe of Native Americans, who were present in the area at the time of Spanish contact.

Culture
Since 2002, Abacoa has hosted the annual Fiesta Maya, based on the traditions of the highland Guatemala town of Jacaltenango, with the participation of the local Jacaltec community as well as students from Florida Atlantic University's Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College.

Planning
Abacoa is split into 17 different neighborhoods, each containing its own style of architecture. At peak, management anticipates Abacoa will contain 6,073 residences, and about 3 million square feet of commercial space.

Abacoa is also home to Roger Dean Stadium, which is located near the Town Center part of the community, an urban open air street with multiple restaurants. Abacoa is also home to Florida Atlantic University's Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, a Scripps Research Institute sister facility, and the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, the Max Planck Society's first non-European research institute.

References

Planned communities in Florida
1997 establishments in Florida
Populated places in Palm Beach County, Florida
Jupiter, Florida
New Urbanism communities

Abacoa, Florida


William Earl Kennard (born January 19, 1957) is an American attorney and former government official. Kennard served as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from 1997 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton, and was the first African American to lead the agency. In 2009, Kennard was appointed by President Barack Obama to serve as Ambassador to the European Union, serving until 2013.

During his time in the private sector, Kennard was managing director of The Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm.  He has also served on the board of directors of several public and private corporations.

Early life and career
Kennard was born January 19, 1957, in Los Angeles, California. His father, Robert A. Kennard, was a renowned architect who owned the oldest African-American architecture firm in Los Angeles. The youngest of three children, Kennard grew up in the Hollywood Hills, and attended Hollywood High School, where he was student body president.

Kennard received his bachelor's degree from Stanford University and his Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School. Prior to joining the FCC, Kennard worked at the law firm of Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand (now DLA Piper), where he was a partner and member of the firm's board of directors.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Before his appointment as FCC Chairman, Kennard served as the FCC's general counsel from 1993 until 1997. Kennard served as chairman of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission from November 1997 to January 2001. He presided over the agency at an historic time. During his tenure, he shaped policies that created an explosion of new wireless phones, brought the Internet to a majority of American households, and resulted in billions of dollars of investment in new broadband technologies. At the same time, he implemented bold new policies to bridge the digital divide in the United States and around the world.

Kennard is well known for his advocacy for people at risk of being stranded on the wrong side of the digital divide. He implemented the FCC's e-rate program, which brought the Internet to almost every school and library in the United States. Under Kennard's leadership, the FCC dramatically expanded access to communications technologies for people with disabilities. The FCC also adopted policies to increase telephone service to rural areas, especially to Native Americans living on tribal lands.

Kennard also enacted policies to create more ownership and employment opportunities for women and minorities.

FCC chairmanship
As FCC chairman, Kennard promoted the benefits of technology worldwide. He pioneered an innovative FCC Development Initiative to assist countries in the developing world to participate more fully in the global growth of digital technology. Through this initiative, Kennard signed the first partnership agreements on behalf of the FCC with ten countries on four continents to share U.S. regulatory experience with emerging regulatory authorities.

U.S. News & World Report dubbed Kennard a "consumer champion for the digital age." He has received many honors and awards for his accomplishments, including honorary degrees from Howard University, Gallaudet University and Long Island University and awards from the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, the Easter Seals Foundation, and the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. In 2021, he received the American Horizon Award from The Media Institute and the Award of Merit from Yale Law School, which is the law school's highest honor.

The Carlyle Group
Prior to becoming ambassador, Kennard was managing director of The Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm with over $100 billion under management. Kennard joined The Carlyle Group in May 2001, where he led investments in the telecommunications and media sectors.

U.S. Ambassador to the European Union

Kennard was the first U.S. Ambassador to the European Union to work with the institutions created by the EU's Lisbon Treaty, including the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the President of the European Council, and the European External Action Service. He also strengthened ties and encouraged dialogue with the increasingly powerful European Parliament.

In May 2012, the American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union awarded Ambassador Kennard its highest honor, the Transatlantic Business Award, for his contribution to improving transatlantic relations, removing barriers to trade, and promoting issues and policies that support U.S. businesses operating in Europe.

During his time in Brussels, Ambassador Kennard made reinvigorating the U.S.-EU economic relationship and eliminating regulatory barriers his top priorities. He was a key force behind the February 2013 decision to launch negotiations on an ambitious Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, which aims to expand trade and investment across the Atlantic and contribute to the development of rules that will strengthen the multilateral trading system. He also worked to revitalize the Transatlantic Economic Council (TEC) so that it could better fulfill its mission of promoting economic growth through increased trade and job creation.

Ambassador Kennard helped cement close U.S.-EU coordination on a range of common foreign policy priorities, including policies related to the Balkans, Libya and the transitions in the Middle East, and the adoption of historic non-proliferation sanctions against Iran and North Korea. He worked to ensure that the EU "pivoted" with the U.S. when it came to dealing with Asia and integrating emerging powers into the global system. He was a tireless advocate of the need for the EU and U.S. to work out compatible data privacy regimes in a manner that protects the personal data of citizens while facilitating the flow of commerce and allowing for effective law enforcement cooperation.

He was also the first U.S. Ambassador to the EU to actively engage with European audiences through social media. One notable event took place in February 2013, when Ambassador Kennard and EU Ambassador to the U.S. João Vale de Almeida co-hosted a "Transatlantic Twittersation," a virtual conversation whose hashtag #AskAmbs reached 1,400,000 impressions worldwide.

Boards and memberships
Kennard serves on the boards of several private and nonprofit organizations.  He serves on the board of directors at AT&T Inc. (elected chairman of the board in November 2020), Ford Motor Company, MetLife and is a founding investor in and advisor to Staple Street Capital, a private equity firm.  He currently serves as a member of the board of trustees of Yale University.

He is a co-founder of Astra Capital Management, a private equity firm. Previously, he served on the boards of directors of The New York Times Company, Duke Energy Corporation, Sprint Nextel Corporation (national US wireless carrier), Handspring, Inc. (manufacturer of the Treo and other wireless devices), eAccess Ltd. (national Japanese wireless carrier), as well as on the boards of several companies owned by The Carlyle Group.

In 2021, William Kennard joined the National Board of Advisors at High Point University in High Point, North Carolina. Kennard is the university's Global Leader in Residence.

Personal life
Kennard was noted as a close friend Robert L. Johnson, chairman of Black Entertainment Television (BET), and the late civil rights lawyer Vernon Jordan. Kennard is married to Deborah D. Kennedy, a former Managing Counsel for ExxonMobil, with whom he has a son.

See also
List of United States ambassadors

References

External links

Biography of U.S. Ambassador to the EU William E. Kennard
Speeches and Statements

|-

1957 births
African-American businesspeople
Ambassadors of the United States to the European Union
Chairmen of the Federal Communications Commission
AT&T people
Living people
Politicians from Los Angeles
Stanford University alumni
The New York Times corporate staff
Clinton administration personnel
Obama administration personnel
21st-century American diplomats
Yale Law School alumni

William Kennard


The Manitoba Curling Association Bonspiel is the annual Manitoba Curling Association bonspiel held at the end of every January in Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. It is the largest curling bonspiel in the world with the tournament setting a record in 1988 with 1280 curling teams, as well as the oldest, with the first edition taking place in 1888. The tournament is unseeded and can have the top teams in the world facing first time curlers or otherwise. The current editions of the MCA Bonspiel qualifies 3 Manitoban teams into the men's provincial championship which is currently named the Viterra Championship.

The Bonspiel had a "Macdonald Brier Trophy" event that determined the Manitoba Championship from 1925 to 1936. On some occasions the overall grand aggregate champion would be declared the provincial champion, qualifying for the Macdonald Brier.

References

Curling competitions in Winnipeg

MCA Bonspiel


Adele Emeli Sandé MBE best known as Emeli Sandé (born 10 March 1987) is a British singer and songwriter. She was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear to an English mother and Zambian father. She was raised in Alford, Aberdeenshire. She became famous after writing many songs for artists like Rihanna, Leona Lewis and Susan Boyle.

In 2010 she singed a contract with EMI. She then released two singles, "Read All About It" and "Beneath Your Beautiful", which went on top of the British charts. In 2012 she won the Brits Critics Choice award. Her first album, Our Version of Events, was very successful, selling more than 100,000 copies in the first week. It was the best-selling album in the UK of 2012. She performed at the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics.

In 2013 she won two BRIT Awards, one for Best Female Artist and one for Best Album.

On 24 February 2014, she released her second EP, Who Needs The World? EP.
Her next album will be released in summer 2014.

Personal life
Sandé married Adam Gouraguine in Montenegro in 2012. They later divorced in 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website

1987 births
Living people
Brit Award winners
British singer-songwriters
Musicians from Tyne and Wear
People from Sunderland

Emeli Sandé


On the Beach is a 1959 American post-apocalyptic science fiction drama film from United Artists starring Gregory Peck, Ava Gardner, Fred Astaire, and Anthony Perkins.  Produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, it is based on Nevil Shute's 1957 novel On the Beach depicting the aftermath of a nuclear war. Unlike the novel, no one is assigned blame for starting the war, which attributes global annihilation to fear compounded by accident or misjudgment.

Plot

In 1964, World War III has devastated the Northern Hemisphere, killing all humans there. Air currents are slowly carrying the fallout to the Southern Hemisphere, where Melbourne, Australia will be the last major city on Earth to perish.

The American nuclear submarine USS Sawfish, commanded by Capt. Dwight Towers, arrives in Melbourne and is placed under Royal Australian Navy command. Peter Holmes, a young Australian Naval officer with a wife and infant child, is assigned to be Towers' liaison. Holmes invites Towers to his home for a party, where Towers meets Julian Osborn, a depressive nuclear scientist who helped build the bombs, and Moira Davidson, a lonely alcoholic with whom Towers develops a tentative attraction. Although Davidson falls in love with Towers, he finds himself unable to return her feelings, because he can't bring himself to admit his wife and children in the US are dead.

Meanwhile, a new scientific theory postulates that radiation levels in the Northern Hemisphere might have fallen faster than anticipated, suggesting radiation may disperse before reaching the Southern Hemisphere, or at least leaving Antarctica habitable. Soon after, the Australians also detect an incomprehensible continuous Morse code signal coming from the West Coast of the United States, where there should be nobody alive to send it. Towers is ordered to take the Sawfish, with Peter and Julian, to investigate.

Arriving at Point Barrow, Alaska, the sub crew discovers the radiation levels are still highly lethal. The dispersal theory is incorrect. There will be no salvation from the radiation. Stopping next in San Francisco, Sawfish finds the city devoid of life. A crew member with family in the city deserts and swims ashore, so he can die at home.

The submarine next stops at a refinery near San Diego, which has been pinpointed as the source of the mysterious Morse signals. A crew member discovers the power source is still running on automatic control. Nearby, a telegraph key has become entangled in a window shade's pull cord and a half-full Coca-Cola bottle, and is being randomly pulled by an ocean breeze, causing the radio signals.

Sawfish returns to Australia to await the inevitable. Towers is reunited with Davidson at her father's farm. He learns that all US Navy personnel in Brisbane are dead and he has been given command of all remaining US Naval forces. Osborn, having bought the fastest Ferrari in Australia, wins the Australian Grand Prix, in which many racers, with nothing left to lose, die in fiery crashes.

Fulfilling Towers' wish, Davidson has used her connections to get the trout season opened early. Towers and Davidson go on a fishing trip to the country. As drunken revelers sing "Waltzing Matilda" in the hotel bar, Towers and Davidson make love in their room.

Returning to Melbourne, Towers learns the first of his crew members has radiation sickness. There is little time left. Towers takes a vote among his crew, who decide they want to return to the United States to die. Osborn shuts himself in a garage with his Ferrari and starts the engine, to end his life by carbon monoxide poisoning. Others queue to receive government-issued suicide pills. Before they take their pills, Peter and Mary reminisce about the day they met, "on the beach."

Towers says farewell to Davidson at the docks. Choosing duty over love, he takes the Sawfish back to sea. Heartbroken, Davidson watches from a cliff as the Sawfish submerges.

Within a few days, the streets of Melbourne are empty. A Salvation Army street banner, seen multiple times before in the film, reads: "There is still time .. Brother".

Cast

 Gregory Peck as Commander Dwight Lionel Towers, USS Sawfish
 Ava Gardner as Moira Davidson, Towers' Australian love interest
 Fred Astaire as Julian Osborn, Australian scientist
 Anthony Perkins as Lieutenant Commander Peter Holmes, Royal Australian Navy
 Donna Anderson as Mary Holmes, Peter's wife
 John Tate as Admiral Bridie, Royal Australian Navy
 Harp McGuire as Lieutenant Sunderstrom (ashore in San Diego)
 Lola Brooks as Lieutenant Hosgood, Bridie's secretary
 Ken Wayne as Lieutenant Benson
 Guy Doleman as Lieutenant Commander Farrel
 Richard Meikle as Davis
 John Meillon as Sawfish crewman Ralph Swain (ashore in San Francisco)
 Joe McCormick as Ackerman, radiation sickness victim
 Lou Vernon as Bill Davidson, Moira's father
 Kevin Brennan as Dr. King, radiation diagnosis doctor
 Keith Eden as Dr. Fletcher (beach scene)
 Basil Buller-Murphy as Sir Douglas Froude
 Brian James as Royal Australian Navy officer
 John Casson as Salvation Army captain
 Paddy Moran as Stevens (club wine steward)
 Grant Taylor as Morgan (Holmes party)
 George Fairfax (Holmes party guest)
 Earl Francis (Holmes party guest)
 Pat Port (Runner on Beach)
 Cary Peck (uncredited)

Production
As in the novel, much of On the Beach takes place in Melbourne, close to the southernmost part of the Australian mainland. Principal photography took place from January 15 to March 27, 1959. The film was shot in Berwick, then a town outside Melbourne, and Frankston, described in the film as 45 minutes away from Melbourne. The scene where Peck meets Gardner as he arrives from Melbourne by rail was filmed on platform #1 of Frankston railway station, now rebuilt. A subsequent scene, where Peck and Gardner are transported by horse and buggy, was filmed in Young Street, Frankston. Some streets which were being built at the time in Berwick were named after people involved in the film. Two examples are Shute Avenue (Nevil Shute) and Kramer Drive (Stanley Kramer).

The beach scenes were filmed at Canadian Bay Beach in Mount Eliza. The exterior of Peter and Mary's house was a real house in Mount Eliza. The General Post Office was used as the Department of the Navy building. Scenes were also filmed at Queenscliff High Light, the Shell Geelong Refinery, Melbourne Public Library, Flinders Street Station and Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital.

Because Melbourne lacked conventional film studio facilities, the production leased the Melbourne Showgrounds from the Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria. The pavilions and office buildings of the complex were converted to a studio. Sets for Julian's garage, the interior of Peter and Mary's house, the lighthouse and the Sawfish submarine interiors were constructed in the Government Pavilion.

The "Australian Grand Prix" in the novel had the racing sequences filmed at Riverside Raceway in California and at Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit, home to the present-day Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix, located near Cowes at Phillip Island. These scenes include an array of late-1950s sports cars, including examples of the Jaguar XK150 and Jaguar D-Type, Porsche 356, Mercedes-Benz 300 SL "Gullwing", AC Ace, Chevrolet Corvette, Swallow Doretti and prominent in sequences was the "Chuck Porter Special", a customized Mercedes 300SL built by Hollywood body shop owner Chuck Porter and driven by a list of notable 1950s to 1960s west-coast racers, including Ken Miles and Chuck Stevenson, who purchased and successfully raced it in the early 1960s.

The U.S. Department of Defense refused to cooperate in the production of the film, not allowing access to its nuclear-powered submarines. The British submarine HMS Andrew was used to portray the fictional United States Navy nuclear-powered submarine USS Sawfish. Additional resources were supplied by the Royal Australian Navy, including the use of HMAS Melbourne. The exteriors of the Navy base were filmed at Williamstown Naval Dockyard.

Ava Gardner's wardrobe was created for her in Rome by the Fontana Sisters, three iconic Italian fashion designers, who had previously dressed Gardner in The Barefoot Contessa and The Sun Also Rises.

It has been claimed that Ava Gardner described Melbourne as "the perfect place to make a film about the end of the world." However, the purported quote was invented by journalist Neil Jillett, who was writing for The Sydney Morning Herald at the time. His original draft of a tongue-in-cheek piece about the making of the film said that he had not been able to confirm a third-party report that Ava Gardner had made this remark. The newspaper's sub-editor changed it to read as a direct quotation from Gardner. It was published in that form and entered Melbourne folklore very quickly.

Frank Chacksfield's orchestral performance of the love theme from On the Beach was released as a single in 1960, reaching #47 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Differences between the novel and film

Nevil Shute was displeased with the final cut of the film, feeling that too many changes had been made at the expense of the story's integrity. After initial collaboration with producer/director Stanley Kramer, it was obvious that Shute's concerns were not being addressed; subsequently, he provided minimal assistance to the production. Gregory Peck agreed with Shute but, in the end, Kramer's ideas won out. Shute felt that Captain Towers and Davidson having a love affair ruined a central element of the novel, that is, Towers' fidelity to his long-dead American wife.

In the beginning of the novel, it is stated that World War III started when Albania launched a nuclear attack against Italy. Afterwards, Egypt used Soviet-built aircraft to make nuclear bombings on the United States and the United Kingdom, which, in turn, provoked the US and NATO to launch retaliation attacks against the Soviet Union, thus triggering the slow and painful death of the human race as the radiation from the attacks began to spread south. In the beginning of the movie, no nuclear attacks are shown, but the action opens on the USS Sawfish as it makes its way towards Melbourne. Later, after the Sawfish leaves Ralph Swain in San Francisco and heads towards San Diego, the crew discusses writing a book about World War III, but as details of the war are sketchy, they are at a loss as to who started the war (though one crewman states that America didn't start the war and another crewman wishes that somebody could've prevented the war before it broke out) and make jokes about Martians, who might know the answer, but take over Earth once the radiation levels drop. When they ask Osborn for his opinion on who started the war, Osborn first answers Albert Einstein, blaming him for finding the equation that resulted in the discovery of atomic power and the creation of nuclear weapons, but comes up with a better hypothesis on how the war could've started accidentally. In Osborn's hypothesis, somewhere in one of the Eastern European nations, a man on radar duty saw incoming objects on the radar screen and mistook them for missiles launched by their enemies (though it's likely the incoming objects may have been a flock of birds) and, without hesitation (for doing so, he feared, would've resulted in his nation getting hit) pressed the button that launched the first nuclear missiles of the war. Upon finishing his hypothesis, Osborn then comments on how mankind by that time had become stupid enough to cause his own extinction through weapons they couldn't use responsibly without considering the consequences first.

In the novel, it has been two years since the last nuclear attacks, and small pockets of human survivors are mentioned in several areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Australia is in radio contact with places such as Montevideo, on the east coast of South America, and Cape Town, on the southern tip of Africa. Commander Towers is in communication with the only other remaining active-duty United States Navy vessel, another nuclear submarine, USS Swordfish, on duty in the Atlantic, which, at the end, is based in Montevideo. Melbourne, where much of the novel is set, is the southernmost major city in the world. It will be the last such to die, but people in New Zealand, Tierra del Fuego and other, more southerly points than Australia, are said to have a few additional weeks left to them. In the film an unidentified radio newscaster says that, as far as is known, Australia is home to the last human life on the planet. This to possibly build hope that the San Francisco expedition will result in the discovery of other survivors, adding a sense of urgency and importance to Melbourne's survivors.

In the film there is no USS Swordfish, only the submarine USS Scorpion. For the film, Scorpion is renamed Sawfish, and the boat comes to represent the last (known) hope for humanity. The film's production crew was forced to use a non-nuclear, diesel-electric Royal Navy submarine HMS Andrew, as a stand-in for the nuclear-powered Sawfish.

Several major and minor characters were altered, removed, or created specifically for the film adaptation. The novel's Moira Davidson, a slender, petite pale blonde in her mid-twenties, was portrayed by the tall, curvaceous, 36-year-old brunette Ava Gardner. Nuclear scientist John Osborne, a 20-something bachelor in the novel, is portrayed in the film by 60-year-old Fred Astaire and is named Julian Osborn. Moira and John are cousins in the novel, while Moira and Julian are former lovers in the film.

Admiral Bridie and his secretary, Lieutenant Hosgood, are film characters not in the novel.

In the film, random Morse code radio signals coming from San Diego give rise to hope that there are survivors on the U.S. west coast. In the novel, the signals are coming from a naval training base farther north, near Seattle. The idea of a survivor sending random signals is dismissed in the novel as ridiculous. Towers says that even someone who didn't know Morse code could sit there with a Morse book and send at about five words per minute. The film's characters, however, hold out hope that there could be a person on the other end of the telegraph (this is used as a plot device to build suspense and hope). The main reason in the novel for the expedition is to learn if there are indeed survivors. Rather than a telegraph operator, the characters hold out hope that, without the intercession of technicians and maintenance workers, the possibility of telegraph power being supplied after all that time would be remote at best. It turns out that, as in the film, the power station has been running on its own since the war, but it is beginning to break down from lack of maintenance, particularly the lubrication needed to prevent overheating. Just as in the film, the power station is shut down before the submarine sails for home.

During Lt. Sunderstrom's search in the film for the signals' author, he is given just one hour, while in the novel, he is given two hours to find the source. Just like the novel, Sunderstrom's radiation suit doesn't have a wrist watch to help him keep track of his time ashore, so the submarine crew alerts him with horn blasts every quarter of an hour. In the film, a single horn blast is given every fifteen minutes, and Sunderstrom is ordered to return immediately after hearing the third blast. In the novel, the submarine crew gives one horn blast for a quarter of an hour, two for half an hour, three for three quarters, and four for a whole hour. He's ordered to stop what he's doing at five horn blasts (1 1/4 hours) and return at six horn blasts (1 1/2 hours). In the novel, Sunderstrom finds several bodies during his search, while in the film, there are no dead bodies at the power station. While Sunderstrom finds the source of the signals, he discovers in the novel that it's a window shade cord caught on a telegraph key. In the film he finds it's an overturned Coke bottle snagged in a window shade cord above the telegraph key. Ocean breezes, in both cases, are blowing through an open window making the window shade disturb the telegraph key. Sunderstrom sends a proper Morse message to describe how they have traveled all that way for nothing. In both the novel and the film, while Sunderstrom receives his return orders, the captain also warns him not to bring any souvenirs aboard, as they could be contaminated with radioactivity. In the novel, after Sunderstrom shuts off the power station, he explores a bit and defies his orders by bringing aboard three of the last printed issues of the Saturday Evening Post, so he catches up on a serial that was running when the war started. In the film, after Sunderstrom sends his message, he follows Towers's orders to not bring aboard any souvenirs and is already en route to Sawfish when he hears the final horn blast.

In the film, San Francisco's buildings are completely undamaged, with one memorable shot occurring when Sawfish first passes under the intact Golden Gate Bridge. In the novel the city has been largely destroyed and the bridge has fallen into the bay.

In the novel, the northernmost point of the submarine's journey is the Gulf of Alaska while the film uses Point Barrow.

Towers and Davidson attend the Australian Grand Prix and go to the mountains afterwards in the film. In the novel, they are vacationing in the mountains on the day of the race, and they hear a radio report of John Osborne's first-place finish.

The novel ends with a dying Davidson sitting in her car, having taken her suicide pills, while watching Scorpion head out to sea to be scuttled. Unlike the novel, no mention of scuttling the submarine is made in the film. Instead, Commander Towers's crew asks that he attempt to take them back to the U.S., where they can die on their home soil. Although he realizes that they probably will not survive a second passage north, he does as they request. In the film, Ava Gardner is merely watching the submarine submerge and disappear beneath the sea and is not shown taking her suicide pills.

Release and reception
On the Beach premiered in 18 theaters on all seven continents on December 17, 1959. The Hollywood premiere was attended by the film's stars Fred Astaire and Anthony Perkins, director Stanley Kramer, and other celebrities including Cary Grant. The New York premiere was attended by Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. The London premiere was attended by Soviet Ambassador to the United Kingdom Yakov Malik. Star Ava Gardner attended the Rome premiere. The Tokyo premiere was attended by members of the Japanese Imperial Family. The Stockholm premiere was attended by King Gustav VI Adolf. The Melbourne premiere was attended by Premier of Victoria Henry Bolte. Other premieres were held in West Berlin, Caracas, Chicago, Johannesburg, Lima, Paris, Toronto, Washington, D.C., and Zurich The film also was screened in a theater at Little America in Antarctica.

Although the film had no commercial release in the Soviet Union, a special premiere was arranged for that night in Moscow. Gregory Peck and his wife traveled to Russia for the screening, which was held at a workers' club with 1,200 Soviet dignitaries, the foreign press corps, and diplomats including U.S. Ambassador Llewellyn Thompson attending.

On the Beach recorded a loss of $700,000 and received mixed reviews. It acquired a fan base that agreed on many of the issues presented. Bosley Crowther in his contemporary review in The New York Times saw the film as delivering a powerful message.

The review in Variety was somber: "On the Beach is a solid film of considerable emotional, as well as cerebral, content. But the fact remains that the final impact is as heavy as a leaden shroud. The spectator is left with the sick feeling that he's had a preview of Armageddon, in which all contestants lost."

Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic wrote: "When the film hews close to its theme, it is effective and valuable; when it deals with its characters as characters, it is often phony. Just as we are gripped by horror, along comes a pure Hollywood touch to remind us that what we are watching is only a movie".

In a later appraisal of both novel and film, historian Paul Brians (Nuclear Holocausts: Atomic War in Fiction, 1895-1964 (1987)) considered the novel "inferior" to the film. His contention was that the portrayal of nuclear annihilation on screen was more accurate as it was clear that the world was coming to an end.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 77% approval rating, based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10.

Box office
Kine Weekly called it a "money maker" at the British box office in 1960.

Awards and nominations

Remake
On the Beach was remade in 2000 as an Australian television film by Southern Star Productions, directed by Russell Mulcahy and starring Armand Assante, Bryan Brown, and Rachel Ward. It originally aired on Showtime. The remake of the 1959 film was also based on the 1957 novel by Nevil Shute, but updates the setting of the story to the film's then-future of 2005, starting with placing the crew on the fictional Los Angeles–class USS Charleston (SSN-704) submarine and also changing the final actions of Towers.

Documentary
The 2013 documentary Fallout by Melbourne filmmaker Lawrence Johnston explores Shute's life and Kramer's making of On the Beach, with interviews of Shute's daughter, Kramer's wife Karen, and Donna Anderson, one of the film's surviving cast members. Fallout was produced by Peter Kaufmann.

See also
 List of American films of 1959
 List of apocalyptic films
 List of underwater science fiction works
 Survival film, about the film genre, with a list of related films

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 Balio, Tino. United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. .
 Fishgall, Gary. Gregory Peck: A Biography. New York: Scribner, 2002. .
 Gillett, Ross. HMAS Melbourne: 25 Years. Sydney, NSW: Nautical Press, 1980. .
 Lind, Lew. The Royal Australian Navy: Historic Naval Events Year by Year (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Reed Books 1986, First edition 1982. .
 Mitchell, Charles P. "On the Beach (1959)." A Guide to Apocalyptic Cinema. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2001. .
 Shute, Nevil. On The Beach. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1957.
 Warren, Bill. Keep Watching The Skies, American Science Fiction Movies of the 1950s, Vol II: 1958 - 1962. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 1982. .
 Weaver, Roslyn. "Nevil Schute: On the Beach (1957)." Apocalypse in Australian Fiction and Film: A Critical Study. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2011. .

External links

 Geoff Stanton, "Apocalypse Then: the Making of On the Beach", Filmink Magazine 2010
 On the Beach: Filming the 1959 Feature Film at Australian Screen Online
 On the Beach at Oz Movies
 Waltzing Matilda Finale at YouTube

1959 films
1950s disaster films
1950s science fiction drama films
American disaster films
American science fiction drama films
Apocalyptic films
1950s English-language films
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Ernest Gold
Films about nuclear war and weapons
Films about suicide
Films based on Australian novels
Films directed by Stanley Kramer
Films set in 1964
Films set in Victoria (state)
Films set in California
Films set in Melbourne
Films set in the future
Films shot in Melbourne
American post-apocalyptic films
Science fiction submarine films
United Artists films
Films about the United States Navy
Films about World War III
Films produced by Stanley Kramer
American survival films
1959 drama films
Films set in San Diego
1950s American films

On the Beach (1959 film)


Docomo Pacific is a wholly owned subsidiary of Japanese mobile phone operator NTT Docomo headquartered in Tamuning, Guam. It is the largest provider of mobile, television, internet and telephone services to the United States territories of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

The company was formed through the merger of cell phone carriers Guamcell Communications and HafaTel and was acquired in December 2006 by NTT Docomo, a spin-off of Japanese communication company Nippon Telegraph and Telephone. In October 2008, Docomo Pacific was the first company on Guam to introduce a HSDPA network. In November 2011, Docomo Pacific launched 4G HSPA+ service on Guam followed by the launch of advanced 4G LTE service in October 2012.

In May 2013, Docomo Pacific acquired cable company MCV Broadband (Marianas Cable Vision Broadband) from Seaport Capital, an investment company based in New York City.

Incidents

March 17, 2023
A cyberattack (they had mentioned cybersecurity) occurred early in the morning causing Docomo's call hotline center, website, internet services knocked out.

Immediate failsafe protocols were initiated by Docomo's cyber security technicians shut down the affected servers and to isolate the intrusion.

During the downtime of the call center and the internet, people on Facebook from Guam complained about what was happening. People complained about the stuff that happened.

Customer's  mobile services, voice, SMS, and fiber service's were not affected.
People from other services, such as GTA Teleguam, their internet services never got knocked out. This is because the company was never connected with Docomo.

Docomo Pacific posted the updates on Facebook, due to the website being down. After March 17th, the post was deleted and they returned to their normal schedule.

Docomo's tech teams have been working non-stop in order to bring all the customer's internet service's back online, as they said on Facebook, 10:26PM.

Some internet services came back the next day to some places in Guam, but other villages were still left with no internet. Fortunately, the next other day, Internet services around Guam came back.

After March 17th, 2023

More than 5 days after the attack, there was no estimated time of restoration of the Email services, mentioned from GuamPDN.

See also
 Communications in Guam

References

Cable television companies of the United States
Broadband
Companies of Guam
Mass media in Guam
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
NTT Docomo

Docomo Pacific


Walter E. Butts (September 12, 1944 – March 31, 2013) was an American poet and the Poet Laureate of New Hampshire. His book Sunday Evening at the Stardust Café was a finalist for the 2005 Philip Levine Prize in Poetry from the California State University, Fresno, and won the Iowa Source Poetry Book Prize. He has also received a Pushcart Prize nomination.

His work has been published in such literary journals as the Atlanta Review, Poetry East, Cimarron Review, Mid-American Review, Slant, PoetryMotel, Poet Lore and Spillway and has been anthologized in Emerson of Harvard (2003), Tokens: Contemporary Poetry of the Subway (P&Q Press, New York), and The Anthology of Magazine Verse & Yearbook of American Poetry (1997). He has also written reviews of other poets' works, including Tell Them We Were Here by David Kelly, a Rochester, New York–area poet.

Until the late 1970s, Butts lived in LeRoy, New York, near Rochester, where he was one of several poets who organized featured readings and open mics in the area, most notably at the Cobbs Hill Grille, a popular local bar and restaurant. Over the next few years he lived in Albany, New York, New York City, Boston, and Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and most recently in Manchester, New Hampshire. In April 2003, he was among the participants in the first gathering of state poets laureate organized by New Hampshire's poet laureate, Marie Harris. That same year, he also toured northern New Hampshire with South Dakota poet David Allan Evans, giving readings and discussions at community centers and bookstores. Some of these were broadcast on regional National Public Radio and Public Broadcasting stations.

Butts received his M.F.A. from the Vermont College of Fine Arts in 1995, and he taught creative writing workshops at the University of New Hampshire at Manchester. Most recently, he was an associate professor of English at the Hesser College campus in Manchester and at the low residency Bachelor of Fine Arts program at Goddard College. He was cited in the 2002 edition of Who's Who Among America's Teachers.

In addition to teaching, Butts also co-edited Walking to Windward: Poets of New England, Volume 3 (Oyster River Press, 2001) and was the co-editor and publisher (with his wife S Stephanie) of the literary magazine Crying Sky: Poetry & Conversation.

Published works
Full-length poetry collections
 Cathedral of Nervous Horses: New and Selected Poems (Hobblebush Books, 2012)
 Sunday Evening at the Stardust Café (1st World Library, 2006)
 Movies in a Small Town (Mellen Poetry Press, 1997)

Chapbooks
 Story & Luck. Adastra Press, 2015.
 What to Say If the Birds Ask (Pudding House Publications, 2007)
 Sunday Factory (Finishing Line Press, 2006)
 White Bees (Oyster River Press, 2001)
 A Season of Crows (Igneus Press, 2000)
 The Required Dance (Igneus Press, 1990)
 The Inheritance'' (Four Zoas Press, 1983)

References

External links
 New Hampshire State Council on the Arts - New Hampshire's Poet Laureate Walter E. Butts

1944 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
University of New Hampshire faculty
Poets from New Hampshire
Poets Laureate of New Hampshire
Vermont College of Fine Arts alumni
Writers from Manchester, New Hampshire
People from Le Roy, New York

W. E. Butts