The 1982 Florida subtropical storm, officially known as Subtropical Storm One, was the only subtropical cyclone of the exceptionally inactive 1982 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm originated from two different systems around the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on June 16. The systems merged into trough while a circulation began to form off the coast of Florida on June 18. The depression made landfall in Florida and strengthened into a storm over land. The storm entered the Atlantic Ocean and headed to the northeast, becoming extratropical on June 20 near Newfoundland. The storm was the only system of 1982 to affect the eastern half of the United States, and it caused three fatalities and caused $10 million in damage (1982 USD, $21 million 2007 USD).

Meteorological history

The subtropical storm had an unusual origin by forming from an interaction of two different systems near the Yucatán Peninsula. This occurrence is unusual, but not unique, as Subtropical Storm One in the 1974 season formed in similar pattern. A reconnaissance flight on June 17 reported that there appeared to be multiple transient circulations at the surface, but no well-defined center. The first disturbance can be traced back to June 15 in the northwest Caribbean. The disturbance moved north, along with a low-pressure area that formed over the Yucatán Peninsula. A trough merged with the low-pressure area creating an even stronger trough over the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico were favorable for tropical storm formation. Some severe weather had been occurring over the Florida Peninsula as early as June 16, as the fringes of disturbance moved across the Florida Straits and over the Peninsula.

A circulation began to form on June 18 in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, prompting gale warnings. It was declared Subtropical Depression One the same day. The depression made landfall on the morning of June 18 just north of Spring Hill, Florida and gained subtropical storm status over land. The storm was classified as Subtropical Storm One by the National Hurricane Center, as the rule was not to name subtropical storms. The subtropical storm moved to the northeast and crossed the Outer Banks of North Carolina on June 19. Even though the minimum central pressures remained low, the circulation expanded and became distorted. The subtropical storm peaked at 70 mph winds (110 km/h) on June 18, but did not reach its minimum pressure until June 20, when it dropped to 984 mbar (29.07 inHg). The subtropical storm was declared an extratropical storm near the Canadian Maritimes, on the same day.

Preparations
Several warnings were issued in association with the subtropical storm. On June 16, severe thunderstorm watches and warnings were issued for Florida. The next day, more warnings were issued, including tornado, small craft, and special marine warnings. There were also various types of special weather statements issued for heavy rains. Five gale warnings were issued on June 18 and June 19 for the cities on the western coast of Florida. All warnings were discontinued by 12 p.m. EDT (1600 UTC) June 19. The same day, a gale warning was issued from Cape Henlopen, Delaware to Watch Hill, Rhode Island.

The subtropical storm postponed the bi-annual Newport, Rhode Island to Bermuda sailboat race for two consecutive days due to the forecast one of the storm. Subsequent reports from sailboats said that with the track of the storm, if not for the delay, there would have been a marine disaster.

Impact
In its main inflow band over Cuba, rainfall amounts up to 28.66 inches (728 mm) were recorded.

Most of the storm's effects were felt in Florida where it made landfall on the morning of June 18, causing gales, heavy rains, flooding, beach erosion and tornadoes. The highest winds were recorded at  and up to  during a thunderstorm at Macdill Air Force Base in Tampa on June 18. Rainfall peaked at 10.72 inches (272.28 mm) in Desoto City, while much of the rest of the state reported between 1–5 inches (25–125 inches) of precipitation. High tides and waves caused flooding and beach erosion from Naples to the Tampa Bay area. Some waterfront buildings suffered damage from undermining including widespread damage of marinas and some boats. Several bulkheads and rock revetments experienced minor damage in Naples and Marco Island. Several man‑made dune structures seaward of the Coastal Construction Control Line in Collier County received minor damage at Vanderbilt Beach and Marco Island. Three people were killed in Florida in association with the subtropical storm with a further thirteen people injured. A Brevard County woman died when a canoe overturned and an Orange County child was killed when he was swept into a drainage ditch. 130 families were evacuated a few days after the storm from the Arcadia River area because the Peace River crested above flood stage.

The subtropical storm spawned twelve tornadoes across Florida, including at least 2 tornadoes which reached a magnitude of F2 on the Fujita Scale. The first tornado formed in Hendry County on June 18 at 0115 UTC reaching F2 strength. The third fatality was a man from Hendry County who was killed in his mobile home, which was destroyed by a tornado. A total of twenty-five homes in Florida were destroyed. Total damage in Florida totaled out to $10 million (1982 USD, $21 million 2007 USD).

The storm's effects north of Florida were minor. Rainfall reached up to nine inches (228 mm) in extreme eastern South Carolina and four inches (101 mm) in eastern North Carolina. Winds reached  with gusts up to  at the Oak Island Coast Guard Station near Cape Fear, North Carolina and  with gusts of  at the offshore tower at Frying Pan Shoals about forty miles southeast of Cape Fear on June 18 with 70 mph winds (110 km/h) the next day. A 68-foot fishing trawler sunk off the coast of Cape Fear in North Carolina from the high waves; no one was killed as the sailors were rescued by the United States Coast Guard on June 19. Flooding was reported with tides of two to three feet in the Carolinas. Rainfall from the subtropical storm reached both states, reaching maximum peaks of up to five inches (127 mm) on the Georgia coast and seven inches on the Georgia/South Carolina border. Rainfall totaled to about one inch (25 mm) on the Virginian coast. A ship encountered winds of a minimum tropical storm with gusts as high as a maximum tropical storm. The ship also encountered a tidal surge of 15 to 20 feet.

See also

Subtropical cyclone
1982 Atlantic hurricane season
List of Atlantic hurricanes
 Timeline of the 1982 Atlantic hurricane season
 List of North Carolina hurricanes (1980–1999)

References

External links
 Detailed information on all storms from 1982

Subtropical storms
1982 Atlantic hurricane season
1982 Florida
1982 Florida
1982 Florida
1982 Florida
1982 Florida
Subtropical Storm One
1982 natural disasters in the United States
1982 Florida subtropical storm

1982 Florida subtropical storm


Ghost is a 1990 American romantic drama fantasy movie set in New York City. It stars Demi Moore, Patrick Swayze, Whoopi Goldberg, and Tony Goldwyn.

The movie became an unexpected and huge box office success, earning $505,702,588 on a budget of $22,000,000. It was the most financially successful movie of 1990.

The movie also got very positive reviews from the audience and mostly positive reviews from movie critics as well. Its popularity has made it a cult movie.

Plot
When the young banker Sam Wheat (Swayze) is murdered, his spirit stays behind to warn his girlfriend Molly Jensen (Moore) of mortal danger from his friend-turned-betrayer and colleague Carl Bruner (Goldwyn), with the help of a reluctant medium Oda Mae Brown (Goldberg).

Cast

 Patrick Swayze as Sam Wheat
 Demi Moore as Molly Jensen
 Whoopi Goldberg as Oda Mae Brown
 Tony Goldwyn as Carl Bruner
 Rick Aviles as Willie Lopez
 Vincent Schiavelli as Subway Ghost
 Gail Boggs as Oda Mae's Sister, Louise
 Armelia McQueen as Oda Mae's Sister, Clara
 Phil Leeds as Emergency Room Ghost
 Augie Blunt as Orlando
 Stephen Root as Police Sgt
 Bruce Jarchow as Lyle Ferguson

Release dates

Other websites

1990 fantasy movies
1990 romantic drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
1990s American fantasy movies
American romantic drama movies
1990s English-language movies
1990s ghost movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about couples
Movies about revenge
Murder in movies
Movies set in New York City
Saturn Award winners
Movies directed by Jerry Zucker
Movies composed by Maurice Jarre
Cult movies

Ghost (1990 movie)


Peder Rosenstand-Goiske (1752 – 6 February 1803) was a Danish playwright and lawyer.  As a 19-year-old student in October 1771 he anonymously published the first issue of Den Dramatiske Journal (The Dramatic Journal), the oldest Danish theater magazine.

Education and career

Rosenstand-Goiske was taught by his father, the theological professor P. Rosenstand-Goiske (1704–69) and graduated in 1769.  As a young man deep in aesthetic and in particular dramaturgical studies, Lessing's Hamburgische dramaturgie had made a strong impression on him, and he decided to give it a Danish counterpart.  The first issue of Den Dramatiske Journal was released in October 1771, making it the first Danish theater magazine, which, despite its short two-season lifespan, became a very important source of national theatrical history.

A sharp criticism of theater director Niels Area Bredal's 1771 operetta Tronfølgen i Sidon egging this to open a polemic against the unwelcome a reviewer from the scene boards with by piece Den Dramatiske Journal, which gave rise to a tremendous scandal with fights and uproar in the theater house.  It was this "dramatic war" which spawned Ewald's De brutale Klappere.  Another theater historical work of Rosenstand-Goiske, Kritiske Efterretninger om den danske Skueplads (Critical news of the Danish Theater) (1778–80) remained in manuscript until it was published by Christian Molbech in 1839.

In 1780 Rosenstand-Goiske became employed as theater censor, and between 1786 and 1792, he was also a member of the theater management. At the same time he worked as a lawyer.  In 1775 he took the Danish legal examination, and the following year he was auditor, and in 1783, after passing in Latin-law degree, an attorney by Supreme Court.  For three years (1794–97), he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister in Norway, and thrived there.

About the understanding of the genre
Gerhard Schepelern wrote that Rosenstand-Goiske harshly judged songs from plays that do not reveal the importance of the music's role as conveyor of action, ideas and mood.  The same attitude was shared by Knud Lyne Rahbek, who for many years pursued the music-dramatic genre from the same viewpoint.  Rahbek considered it "a devastating poison that not only kills our theater, but spears our National-Character". According to Schepelern, Rosenstand-Goiske was the only person in those years who publicly expressed a deeper understanding of the essence of operatic art.

References

Further reading
 Display of the librarian J. Clausen in SALMONSEN (Salmon's Conversation Lexicon, 2nd Edition, Vol. 20, p. 406) and Gerhard Schepelern  opera in Denmark  1634–1975, 1995
Thomas Overskou, The Danish Theater II;: The dramatic Journal is a great informative Notes, released  The Company of Danish theater history  by Carl Behrens.

External links
 Sticky in DBL and Illustrated Danish Literature (1902)
 Web version of Den Dramatiske Journal
 Peter Rose Stand-Goiske on Litteraturpriser.dk
  Critical Notices of the Royal Danish The scene  (published in 1839 by Christian Molbech) is available at Google Books.
 Peder Rosenstand-Goiske at Den Store Danske

1752 births
1803 deaths
Danish theatre directors
Danish theatre critics
Lawyers from Copenhagen
18th-century Danish lawyers
19th-century Danish lawyers
18th-century Danish dramatists and playwrights
Danish male dramatists and playwrights
18th-century male writers

Peder Rosenstand-Goiske


The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the legislature of the province of Ontario, Canada. It has the second largest number of members out of the provincial legislatures of Canada. It meets at the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto, the provincial capital.

The Assembly was created in 1867 by the British North America Act. The Assembly is unicameral, meaning there is no upper house. There are 124 members of the assembly, who are called Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Each member is elected from one electoral district. The party with the most members gets to choose the Premier of Ontario, who leads the government, and the Executive Council of Ontario, which is the cabinet. The leader of the second largest party in the assembly becomes the Leader of the Opposition.

The current assembly was elected in the 2018 Ontario general election. The members that were elected are part of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario.

Seat distribution
The following table shows how many seats each political party has in the legislature.

References

Government of Ontario
Ontario
Unicameral legislatures

Legislative Assembly of Ontario


A dory is a fish belonging to the order Zeiformes. The common name dory (from the Middle English dorre, from the Middle French doree, lit. "gilded one") is shared (officially and colloquially) by members of several different families of large-eyed, silvery, deep-bodied, laterally compressed, and roughly discoid marine fish.

Zeiformes
Main article: Zeiformes

Zeiformes /ˈziːɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a small order of marine ray-finned fish.

As food
John Dory is a delicious fish with delicate white flesh and a firm, flaky texture. A saltwater fish, it has a mild, slightly sweet flavor, and can be served sautéed, baked, steamed, poached, or even coated in breadcrumbs and fried.

Related pages

 Atheriniformes
 List of fish common names

References

 Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2005). "Zeiformes" in FishBase. March 2005 version. J.S. Nelson, Fishes of the World
 Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

Teleosts

Dory (fish)


The Diocese of Delhi is one of the 30 diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.

History
The episcopal synod of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church created the Delhi Diocese in the year 1975, by carving it out of the erstwhile Outside Kerala Diocese. The newly created diocese was headed by Dr. Paulos Mar Gregorios.

Timeline
 1942 – A congregation is formed and liturgical worship started by Fr. Mathews (later Catholicos Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II)
 1944 – Metropolitan Alexios Mar Theodosios of Kollam and the " Diocese outside Kerala" visits Delhi to explore the feasibility of building an Orthodox Church in the Delhi.
 1952 – During the second visit of Mar Theodosios, the congregation decides to take steps to construct a church of their own. The Delhi parish is formally launched and Fr. K.C Thomas (later the Metropolitan of Canada, U.K, and Europe Diocese, Thomas Mar Makarios) is appointed as the first resident Vicar of the parish of Delhi.
 1961 – The Delhi Orthodox Syrian Church Society is registered with the threefold aim of establishing a place of worship for the parish, an educational institution, and a healthcare facility to the public.
 1964 – The Foundation stone of the St. Mary's Church (later Cathedral) at Hauz Khas, is laid by the Patriarch of Antioch, Ignatius Jacob III with the participation of the Diocesan Metropolitan Mathews Mar Athanasios (later Catholicos Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I).
 1968 – The St. Mary's Church is consecrated by the Diocesan Metropolitan, Mathews Mar Athanasios.
 1975 – The Holy Synod establishes the new Diocese of Delhi.
 1976 – Paulos Mar Gregorios takes charge as the Metropolitan of Delhi.
 1981 – Foundation stone of the Delhi Orthodox Center is laid by Paulos Mar Gregorios, the Metropolitan of the Diocese.
 1984 – The Delhi Orthodox Centre is dedicated by the Catholicos, Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I and is inaugurated by the Vice President of India, R. Venkataraman.
 1991 – Job Mar Philoxenos joins the Diocese as the Assistant Metropolitan.
 1996 – Paulose Mar Gregorios Metropolitan  enters the heavenly Abode
 2002 – Job Mar Philoxenos is consecrated as the Metropoliton of Delhi Diocese on 26 December 2002
 2011 – Job Mar Philoxenos Metropolitan enters the heavenly Abode on 20 November 2011.
 2012 – Youhanon Mar Demetrios is consecrated as new Metropolitan of the Delhi Diocese on 7 October 2012
 2019 – The Renovated Delhi Orthodox Centre is consecrated by Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II on 26-27 July 2019

Diocesan Metropolitan
 Paulos Mar Gregorios (1976–1996)
 Job Mar Philoxenos (1996–2011)
 Youhanon Mar Demetrios (2011 – present)

The Diocese today
Once the nucleus of the Orthodox Church in North India was formed in the capital of the country, the growth of parishes in adjacent centres was rapid and the establishment of the Diocese of Delhi followed in a few years. Outside Delhi, there are several parishes spread across the various States at Ambala, Alwar, Gurgaon, Kherti Nagar, Bharatpur, Gwalior, Jhansi, Dholpur, Agra, Dehradun, Hardwar, Bhatinda, Hanumangarh, Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Hissar, Jaipur, Kanpur, Udaipur, Bhilwara, Banswara, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, Singrauli, Obra., Renukoot, Varanasi, Ajmer, Kota, Rawat Bhatta, Lucknow, Rae Bareli, Allahabad, Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer. New congregations have also been started at BITS Pilani, and Pali. Allahabad has also witnessed an amicable settlement with the CNI Church, and a vicar has been nominated for the church there.

Today, there are thirteen parishes in and around Delhi alone – Hauz Khas, Janakpuri, Tughlakabad, Sarita Vihar, Mayur Vihar-I, Mayur Vihar-III, Rohini, Dwarka, Dilshad Garden, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurugram and Faridabad. Overall, there are sixty one parishes including some congregations looked after by one Ramban and thirty six priests, spread over Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and United Arab Emirates.

In 1975, the Delhi Diocese was constituted by the Holy Synod, along with the four other new dioceses of Madras, Bombay, Calcutta and America. The next year, Paulose Mar Gregorios took charge as the Metropolitan of Delhi. By 1985, the Diocesan headquarters moved to its own building, the Delhi Orthodox Centre in Tughlaqabad in South Delhi. An architecturally distinctive three-storey building, the centre was dedicated by Catholicos Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I and inaugurated by the Vice-President of India, R Venkataraman, in November 1984. With the St. Thomas Chapel in the middle, the centre is the residence of the Metropolitan and houses, besides the secretariat of the Diocesan Council, a library, a publication unit, the People's Education Society, Sophia Society, Sarva Dharma Nilaya, Dhyan Mandir and Niti Santi Kendra, engaged in a variety of complementary activities. In 1991, the Diocese was strengthened by the arrival of Job Mar Philoxenos as the Assistant Metropolitan.

PARISH LIST

 Agra St. Thomas Orthodox Church
 Ajmer St. George Orthodox Church
 Allahabad St. Thomas Orthodox Church
 Al Ain St. Dionysius Orthodox Church
 Ambala St.Thomas Orthodox Church
 Bharatpur Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Bhiwadi Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Bikaner St. Marys Orthodox Church
 Chandigarh St. Marys Orthodox Church
 Dholpur St. Marys Orthodox Church
 Dilshad Garden St. Stephens Orthodox Church
 Dubai St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral
 Dwarka St. George Orthodox Church
 Faridabad St. Mary's Orthodox Church
 Ghaziabad St.Thomas Orthodox Church
 Gurugram St. Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Gwalior St. Paul's Orthodox Church
 Ganganagar St. George Orthodox Church
 Haridwar St. George Orthodox Church
 Hauz Khas St. Marys Orthodox Cathedral
 Jaipur St.Thomas Orthodox Church
 Jalandhar St. George Orthodox Church
 Janakpuri Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Jebel Ali St.Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Jhansi St. George Orthodox Church
 Jodhpur Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Kanpur St. Marys Orthodox Church
 Lucknow Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Ludhiana Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Mayur Vihar Phase I St. John's Orthodox Church
 Mayur Vihar Phase III St. James Orthodox Church
 Meerut Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Noida Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Pali St. George Orthodox Church
 Renukoott St.Thomas Orthodox Church
 Rohini St. Basil Orthodox Church
 Sarita Vihar St.Thomas Orthodox Church
 Sharjah Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Singrauli Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
 Varanasi St. Mary's Orthodox Church
 V.K.I Area (Jaipur) St. Marys Orthodox Church
 Tughlakabad St. Joseph's Orthodox Church

References

External links
 Website of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church dioceses
1976 establishments in Delhi

Delhi Orthodox Diocese


Ernest Binfield Havell (16 September 1861 – 31 December 1934), who published under the name E.B. Havell, was an influential English arts administrator, art historian and author of numerous books about Indian art and architecture. He was a member of the Havell family of artists and art educators. He was the principal of the Government School of Art, Calcutta from 1896 to 1905, where, along with Abanindranath Tagore, he developed a style of art and art education based on Indian rather than Western models, which led to the foundation of the Bengal school of art.

Early life
Ernest was born at Jesse Terrace, Reading in the English county of Berkshire in 1861, the son of an artist Charles Richard Havell and his wife, Charlotte Amelia Lord. The family had several artists and publishers. He went to Reading School and learned art at the Royal College of Art and in Paris and Italy.

Art history
In India, Havell initially served the Madras School of Art as Superintendent for a decade from 1884. He arrived Calcutta on 5 July 1896 and joined as Superintendent of the Government School of Art, Calcutta next day. In between, he went to England for a year from April 1902 to March 1903. While in England, he published two valuable articles on Indian art in the October 1902 and January 1903 issues of a well known art journal of London, The Studio. In January 1906 he left for England on long leave and finally in 1908, he was removed from the post.

Havell worked with Abanindranath Tagore to redefine Indian art education. He established the Indian Society of Oriental Art, which sought to adapt British art education in India so as to reject the previous emphasis placed on European traditions in favour of revivals of native Indian styles of art, in particular the Mughal miniature tradition. He published several books on Indian art including Indian Sculpture and Painting (1908) and The Ideals of Indian Art (1911). He was involved in founding the India Society along with William Rothenstein in 1910 as a reaction to negative remarks made by Sir George Birdwood on Indian art.

Personal life
He married Angelique Wilhelmina Jacobsen, daughter of a Danish navy officer in 1895 at St Giles, London, Middlesex, England. The couple had a daughter, Sonia Joyce Havell in 1902. He died at the Acland Nursing Home in Oxford.

Works
Havell wrote numerous books on Indian art and history, including:

Notes

External links

 Indian Architecture, Its Psychology, Structure, and History from the First Muhannadan Invasion to the Present Day on Architexturez South Asia

1861 births
1934 deaths
English Indologists
British people in colonial India
English art historians
English architecture writers
English art critics
British arts administrators
People from Reading, Berkshire
British art teachers
Himalayan studies

Ernest Binfield Havell


The Battle of Delhi was fought between Khalsa Sikhs and the Mughal Empire in 1783.

Background and battle
The Sikhs under Baghel Singh, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia began raiding and plundering the outskirts of Delhi in 1764. In April 1782, Najaf Khan hitherto the highest commander of the Mughal army died, after which a power struggle ensued allowing the Sikhs to capture Delhi. The Sikhs reappeared in Delhi and plundered its environs and laid waste the country up to Khujra. Some of the Sikhs having ravaged the Gangetic Doab contemplated approaching Ruhilkhand, though they were deterred by the arrival of the Nawab of Oudh's forces as well as some English battalions to the area, forcing them to concentrate solely on the Doab. Some of the rajas reigning over areas dominated by the Sikhs agreed to pay tribute to them. The main body of the Sikhs having plundered Aligarh and Buland Shahar proceeded towards Delhi where they further set Malka Ganj and Sabzi Mandi on fire. They managed to capture the Red Fort on 11 March after defeating a defence by Prince Mirza Shikoh. Thereafter, a settlement was agreed upon between the Sikhs and the Delhi court which entailed a cash present of three lakh rupees and Baghel Singh staying behind at the head of 4000 Sikh troops to oversee the construction of gurdwaras in the city. The main body of Sikhs left Delhi on 12 March 1783 following the settlement.

Dispute over throne
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was placed on the throne of Delhi as Badshah Singh of Delhi but Ramgarhia objected that no one can sit on the throne without the approval of Sarbat Khalsa.

Aftermath

Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia captured the Red Fort of Delhi in conjunction with Sardar Baghel Singh. He detached the throne of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (on which he ordered the death of 9th guru Guru Teg Bahadur) and brought it on elephants and kept it at Golden Temple, Amritsar. Even today it is present at the Golden Temple, in a structure known as Ramgarhia Bunga.

See also
 Sikh raids on Delhi

References

Sources

External links
 News article on Baghel Singh

Delhi
Conflicts in 1783
1783 in India
Delhi

Battle of Delhi (1783)


The National Gallery of Australia is the national art museum of Australia. It is in Canberra. It holds more than 120,000 works of art in its collection. The gallery was established in 1967 by the Australian government. The construction of the building started in 1973, and cost AU$82 million. It was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1982.

The gallery is northeast of Parliament House. It is near the High Court and the National Library. There are three levels of galleries. On the main floor, the galleries are large, and are used to display the collections of Indigenous Australian, European and American art. The lower level also contains a series of large galleries, used to display the Asian art collection. The topmost level contains a series of smaller galleries, which holds the gallery's collection of Australian art. A smaller building on the eastern side of the gallery holds the gallery's temporary exhibitions. It includes a sculpture garden. A major expansion of the gallery began in 2006. It included several new galleries for indigenous Australian art.

The gallery's collection of indigenous Australian art is mostly modern, but in traditional forms. It is dominated by a memorial of 200 painted tree trunks commemorating all the indigenous people who died defending their land against invaders in the 200 years between 1788 and 1988. Each trunk is a coffin, which in the Yolngu culture is used to mark the safe journey of the soul of the dead from this world to the next.

The collection of non-indigenous Australian art includes work by Frederick McCubbin, Tom Roberts, William Dobell, Sidney Nolan, and many other famous artists. The gallery's international collection is mainly focused on late-19th-century and 20th-century art. Artists represented include Paul Cézanne, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, David Hockney, Lucian Freud and Henri Matisse. The sculpture garden contains works by Bert Flugelman, Henry Moore, Fujiko Nakaya and Auguste Rodin.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 National Gallery of Australia  on Artabase

Government agencies of Australia
Art museums
National museums
Museums in Australia
1982 establishments
Australian National Heritage List
Buildings and structures in Canberra
1980s establishments in Australia

National Gallery of Australia


The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is an American non-profit medical research organization based in Chevy Chase, Maryland. It was founded in 1953 by Howard Hughes, an American business magnate, investor, record-setting pilot, engineer, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. It is one of the largest private funding organizations for biological and medical research in the United States. HHMI spends about $1 million per HHMI Investigator per year, which amounts to annual investment in biomedical research of about $825 million.

The institute has an endowment of $22.6 billion, making it the second-wealthiest philanthropic organization in the United States and the second-best-endowed medical research foundation in the world.  HHMI is the former owner of the Hughes Aircraft Company, an American aerospace firm that was divested to various firms over time.

History

The institute was formed with the goal of basic research including trying to understand, in Hughes's words, "the genesis of life itself." Despite its principles, in the early days it was generally viewed as a tax haven for Hughes's huge personal fortune. Hughes was HHMI's sole trustee and he transferred his stock of Hughes Aircraft to the institute, in effect turning the large defense contractor into a tax-exempt charity. For many years the Institute grappled with maintaining its non-profit status; the Internal Revenue Service challenged its "charitable" status which made it tax exempt. Partly in response to such claims, starting in the late 1950s it began funding 47 investigators doing research at eight different institutions; however, it remained a modest enterprise for several decades.

The institute was initially located in Miami, Florida, in 1953. Hughes's internist, Verne Mason, who treated Hughes after his 1946 plane crash, was chairman of the institute's medical advisory committee.  By 1975, Hughes was sole trustee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, which in turn owned all the stock of the Hughes Aircraft Company.

In 1969, Representative Wright Patman "complained that the Hughes foundation was a tax‐evasion device," noting that the institute spent only $5.7 million for its operations between 1954 and 1961, a period during which Hughes Aircraft accumulated $76.9 million in profits. By 1975, it had also avoided certain stipulations of the 1969 reform act for charitable institutions due to legal filings by Hughes to change its operational status, with his objections going directly to the White House.

The institute moved to Coconut Grove, Florida, in the mid-1970s and then to Bethesda, Maryland, in 1976.

In 1993, the institute moved to its headquarters in Chevy Chase, Maryland.

It was not until after Hughes's death in 1976 that the institute's profile increased from an annual budget of $4 million in 1975 to $15 million in 1978 and prior to Hughes Aircraft sale the number had peaked to $200 million per year. At the time of the sale Hughes Aircraft employed 75,000 people and vast amounts of money from the approximate annual revenue of $6 billion were put into Hughes Aircraft internal research and development rather than the medical institute. Most of the money for the medical institute came from the operations at Ground System Group responsible for providing Air Defense Systems to NATO, Pacific Rim, and the USA. In this period it focused its mission on genetics, immunology, and molecular biology. Since Hughes died without a will as the sole trustee of the HHMI, the institute was involved in lengthy court proceedings to determine whether it would benefit from Hughes's fortune. In April 1984, a court appointed new trustees for the institute's holdings.

In January 1985 the trustees announced they would sell Hughes Aircraft by private sale or public stock offering. On June 5, 1985 General Motors (GM) was announced as the winner of a secretive five-month, sealed-bid auction. The purchase was completed on December 20, 1985, for an estimated $5.2 billion, $2.7 billion in cash and the rest in 50 million shares of GM Class H stock. The proceeds caused the institute to grow dramatically.

HHMI completed the building of a new research campus in Ashburn, Virginia called Janelia Research Campus in October 2006. It is modeled after AT&T's Bell Labs and the Medical Research Council's Laboratory of Molecular Biology. With a main laboratory building nearly  long, it contains  of enclosed space, used primarily for research. The campus also features apartments for visiting researchers.

In 2007, HHMI and the publisher Elsevier announced they have established an agreement to make author manuscripts of HHMI research articles published in Elsevier and Cell Press journals publicly available six months following final publication. The agreement takes effect for articles published after September 1, 2007.

In 2008, the Trustees of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute selected Robert Tjian as the new president of HHMI.

In 2009, HHMI awarded fifty researchers, as part of the HHMI Early Career Scientist Competition.

In 2014, the institute created a new round of its primary award competition, for a total of $150 million in award money from 2015 to 2012. The institute is expanding the Ashburn campus in 2019.

In 2016, the HHMI Trustees selected Erin K. O'Shea, a previous Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer at the institute, the new president of HHMI.

In 2022, HHMI began to require immediate open access to publications from its research.

Assets
 the Howard Hughes Medical Institute had assets of $22,588,928,000.

Funding details
Funding details :

See also
List of wealthiest foundations

References and notes

External links

60 Minutes news feature "Howard Hughes: Patron Of Science?"

Chevy Chase, Maryland
Medical research institutes in Maryland
Howard Hughes
Biomedical research foundations
Medical and health foundations in the United States
Organizations established in 1953
1953 establishments in Maryland
Biotechnology organizations

Howard Hughes Medical Institute


Pantyhose is a piece of women's clothing that covers the waist down.

Miniskirt exposed the legs to well above the knee. They made pantyhose a necessity for many women. In 1970, U.S. sales of pantyhose exceeded stockings for the first time, and it has remained so ever since.

Pantyhose fit tightly. Modern tights come in different colors. For every day wear women are usually chosen brown (tan color pantyhose) or black or nude (skin) pantyhose. There are popular patterned pantyhose: for example, polka dot, backseam, tattoo and so on). In addition to beautiful trendy patterned pantyhose, there are also functional pantyhose, such as modeling and compression pantyhose.

Compression pantyhose usually used for protective or medical reasons. For protection against varicose veins use only pantyhose with a low level of graduated compression. Compression pantyhose with a high level of exposure can be purchased with a doctor's prescription.

References

Related pages
Tights

Underwear
Bottoms (clothing)

Pantyhose


Lapta () is a Russian bat and ball game first known to be played in the 14th century. Mentions of lapta have been found in medieval manuscripts, and balls and bats were found in the 14th-century layers during excavations in Novgorod. It is similar to cricket, brännboll, rounders, baseball, oină, tsan (Italy)  and pesäpallo.

Rules
The game is played outside on a field the size of half a football pitch 20 × 25 sazhens (). There are five people on the field from the defending team, as well as pitcher/server. This pitcher server stands near the batter of the opposing team and hits a ball in the direction of the batter. The team that bats contains six people. Each hitter gets two chances to hit the ball over a 10m line. If they succeed at that, the runners can go to an endline at the other end of the pitch. If a player manages to run between the two endpoints, they get 2 points. A game lasts an hour, split into two equal halves.

The edges of the field are marked with parallel lines, called salo.

The goal of the game is to hit the ball, served by a player of the opposite team, with the bat and send the ball as far as possible, then run across the field to the kon line, and if possible to run back to the gorod line.

The running player tries to avoid being hit with the ball, which is thrown by the opposing team members. For successful runs, the team earns points. A team wins by either getting more points during the scheduled time or by having all its players complete runs.

A description of lapta is given by Aleksandr Kuprin: This folk game is one of the most interesting and useful games. Lapta requires resourcefulness, deep breathing, faithfulness to your group, attention, dexterity, fast running, good aiming and marksmanship, strong striking hands, and firm eternal confidence that you cannot be defeated. The lazy and cowardly have no place in this game.

References

External links

 Lapta

Ball and bat games
Team sports
Russian games
Russian inventions
Sports originating in Russia

Lapta (game)


Robert Drummond (1791 – August 20, 1834) was a businessman in Upper Canada.

Biography
Drummond was born in Gordon, Berwickshire, Scotland in 1791 and came to Montreal in 1817. He was involved in a number of construction projects, including a bridge across the Ottawa River at the Chaudière Falls. Lieutenant-Colonel John By  hired Drummond as one of the main contractors involved in the building of the Rideau Canal. Drummond moved from Bytown to Kingston during the construction of the locks at Kingston Mills.

He was singled out for special notice for his contribution to the building of the canal. He was also involved in shipbuilding, having built a number of steamboats which operated on the canal, also serving Montreal. He became partners with James Morton in a brewery at Kingston and partnered with Philemon Wright in a mining operation at Hull, Quebec.

He died in Kingston in 1834 during a cholera epidemic.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1791 births
1834 deaths
Deaths from cholera
Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
People from the Scottish Borders
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Infectious disease deaths in Ontario
Rideau Canal
Immigrants to Lower Canada

Robert Drummond (businessman)


KCDSA (Korean Certificate-based Digital Signature Algorithm) is a digital signature algorithm created by a team led by the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA).  It is an ElGamal variant, similar to the Digital Signature Algorithm and GOST R 34.10-94.  The standard algorithm is implemented over , but an elliptic curve variant (EC-KCDSA) is also specified.

KCDSA requires a collision-resistant cryptographic hash function that can produce a variable-sized output (from 128 to 256 bits, in 32-bit increments).  HAS-160, another Korean standard, is the suggested choice.

Domain parameters
 : a large prime such that  for .
 : a prime factor of  such that  for .
 : a base element of order  in .

The revised version of the spec additional requires either that  be prime or that all of its prime factors are greater than .

User parameters
 : signer's private signature key such that .
 : signer's public verification key computed by  where .
 : a hash-value of Cert Data, i.e., .

The 1998 spec is unclear about the exact format of the "Cert Data". In the revised spec, z is defined as being the bottom B bits of the public key y, where B is the block size of the hash function in bits (typically 512 or 1024). The effect is that the first input block corresponds to y mod 2^B.

 : the lower B bits of y.

Hash Function
 : a collision resistant hash function with |q|-bit digests.

Signing

To sign a message :

 Signer randomly picks an integer  and computes
 Then computes the first part:
 Then computes the second part:
 If , the process must be repeated from the start.
 The signature is

The specification is vague about how the integer  be reinterpreted as a byte string input to hash function. In the example in section C.1 the interpretation is consistent with  using the definition of I2OSP from PKCS#1/RFC3447.

Verifying

To verify a signature  on a message :

 Verifier checks that  and  and rejects the signature as invalid if not.
 Verifier computes
 Verifier checks if . If so then the signature is valid; otherwise it is not valid.

EC-KCDSA

EC-KCDSA is essentially the same algorithm using Elliptic-curve cryptography instead of discrete log cryptography.

The domain parameters are:
 An elliptic curve  over a finite field.
 A point  in  generating a cyclic subgroup of prime order . ( is often denoted  in other treatments of elliptic-curve cryptography.)

The user parameters and algorithms are essentially the same as for discrete log KCDSA except that modular exponentiation is replaced by point multiplication. The specific differences are:
 The public key is
 In signature generation,  where
 In signature verification, the verifier tests whether

External links
 KCDSA specification and analysis

Digital signature schemes
Elliptic curve cryptography
Public-key cryptography
Standards of South Korea

KCDSA


A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities. Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour (3.6 kJ).

Definition
The kilowatt-hour is a composite unit of energy equal to one kilowatt (kW) sustained for (multiplied by) one hour. Expressed in the standard unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI), the joule (symbol J), it is equal to 3,600 kilojoules or 3.6 MJ.

Unit representations
A widely used representation of the kilowatt-hour is "kWh", derived from its component units, kilowatt and hour. It is commonly used in billing for delivered energy to consumers by electric utility companies, and in commercial, educational, and scientific publications, and in the media. It is also the usual unit representation in electrical power engineering. This common representation, however, does not comply with the style guide of the International System of Units (SI).

Other representations of the unit may be encountered:
 "kW⋅h" and "kW h" are less commonly used, but they are consistent with the SI. The SI brochure states that in forming a compound unit symbol, "Multiplication must be indicated by a space or a half-high (centred) dot (⋅), since otherwise some prefixes could be misinterpreted as a unit symbol." This is supported by a voluntary standard issued jointly by an international (IEEE) and national (ASTM) organization, and by a major style guide. However, the IEEE/ASTM standard allows "kWh" (but does not mention other multiples of the watt-hour). One guide published by NIST specifically recommends against "kWh" "to avoid possible confusion".
 The United States official fuel-economy window sticker for electric vehicles uses the abbreviation "kW-hrs".
 Variations in capitalization are sometimes encountered: KWh, KWH, kwh, etc., which are inconsistent with the International System of Units.
 The notation "kW/h" for the kilowatt-hour is incorrect, as it denotes kilowatt per hour.

The hour is a unit of time listed among the non-SI units accepted by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures for use with the SI. Its combination with the kilowatt, a standard SI unit, is therefore permitted within the standard.

An electric heater consuming 1,000 watts (1 kilowatt), and operating for one hour uses one kilowatt-hour of energy. A television consuming 100 watts operating continuously for 10 hours uses one kilowatt-hour. A 40-watt electric appliance operating continuously for 25 hours uses one kilowatt-hour.

Electricity sales
Electrical energy is typically sold to consumers in kilowatt-hours. The cost of running an electrical device is calculated by multiplying the device's power consumption in kilowatts by the operating time in hours, and by the price per kilowatt-hour. The unit price of electricity charged by utility companies may depend on the customer's consumption profile over time. Prices vary considerably by locality. In the United States prices in different states can vary by a factor of three.

While smaller customer loads are usually billed only for energy, transmission services, and the rated capacity, larger consumers also pay for peak power consumption, the greatest power recorded in a fairly short time, such as 15 minutes. This compensates the power company for maintaining the infrastructure needed to provide peak power. These charges are billed as demand changes. Industrial users may also have extra charges according to the power factor of their load.

Major energy production or consumption is often expressed as terawatt-hours (TWh) for a given period that is often a calendar year or financial year. A 365-day year equals 8,760 hours, so over a period of one year, power of one gigawatt equates to 8.76 terawatt-hours of energy. Conversely, one terawatt-hour is equal to a sustained power of about 114 megawatts for a period of one year.

Examples
In 2020, the average household in the United States consumed 893 kWh per month.

In terms of human power, a healthy adult male manual laborer performs work equal to about half a kilowatt-hour over an eight-hour day.

Conversions

To convert a quantity measured in a unit in the left column to the units in the top row, multiply by the factor in the cell where the row and column intersect.

Watt-hour multiples

All the SI prefixes are commonly applied to the watt-hour: a kilowatt-hour is 1,000 Wh (kWh); a megawatt-hour is 1 million Wh (MWh); a milliwatt-hour is 1/1,000 Wh (mWh) and so on.
The kilowatt-hour is commonly used by electrical energy providers for purposes of billing, since the monthly energy consumption of a typical residential customer ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand kilowatt-hours. Megawatt-hours (MWh), gigawatt-hours (GWh), and terawatt-hours (TWh) are often used for metering larger amounts of electrical energy to industrial customers and in power generation. The terawatt-hour and petawatt-hour (PWh) units are large enough to conveniently express the annual electricity generation for whole countries and the world energy consumption.

Distinction between kWh (energy) and kW (power)
A kilowatt is a unit of power (rate of flow of energy per unit of time).  A kilowatt hour is a unit of energy. Kilowatt per hour would be a rate of change of power flow with time.

Work is the amount of energy transferred to a system; power is the rate of delivery of energy.
Energy is measured in joules, or watt-seconds. Power is measured in watts, or joules per second.

For example, a battery stores energy. When the battery delivers its energy, it does so at a certain power, that is, the rate of delivery of the energy. The higher the power, the quicker the battery's stored energy is delivered. A higher power output will cause the battery's stored energy to be depleted in a shorter time period.

Annualized power
Electric energy production and consumption are sometimes reported on a yearly basis, in units such as megawatt-hours per year (MWh/yr) gigawatt-hours/year (GWh/yr) or terawatt-hours per year (TWh/yr). These units have dimensions of energy divided by time and thus are units of power. They can be converted to SI power units by dividing by the number of hours in a year, about .

Thus, 1 GWh/yr = 1 GWh/8766 h ≈ .

Misuse of watts per hour
Many compound units for various kinds of rates explicitly mention units of time to indicate a change over time. For example: miles per hour, kilometres per hour, dollars per hour. Power units, such as kW, already measure the rate of energy per unit time (kW=kJ/s). Kilowatt-hours are a product of power and time, not a rate of change of power with time.

Watts per hour (W/h) is a unit of a change of power per hour, i.e. an acceleration in the delivery of energy. It is used to measure the daily variation of demand (e.g. the slope of the duck curve), or ramp-up behavior of power plants. For example, a power plant that reaches a power output of  from  in 15 minutes has a ramp-up rate of .

Other uses of terms such as watts per hour are likely to be errors.

Other related energy units

Several other units related to kilowatt-hour are commonly used to indicate power or energy capacity or use in specific application areas.

Average annual energy production or consumption can be expressed in kilowatt-hours per year. This is used with loads or output that vary during the year but whose annual totals are similar from one year to the next. For example, it is useful to compare the energy efficiency of household appliances whose power consumption varies with time or the season of the year. Another use is to measure the energy produced by a distributed power source. One kilowatt-hour per year equals about 114.08 milliwatts applied constantly during one year.

The energy content of a battery is usually expressed indirectly by its capacity in ampere-hours; to convert ampere-hour (Ah) to watt-hours (Wh), the ampere-hour value must be multiplied by the voltage of the power source. This value is approximate, since the battery voltage is not constant during its discharge, and because higher discharge rates reduce the total amount of energy that the battery can provide. In the case of devices that output a different voltage than the battery, it is the battery voltage (typically 3.7 V for Li-ion) that must be used to calculate rather than the device output (for example, usually 5.0 V for USB portable chargers). This results in a 500 mA USB device running for about 3.7 hours on a 2,500 mAh battery, not five hours.

The Board of Trade unit (B.T.U.) is an obsolete UK synonym for kilowatt-hour. The term derives from the name of the Board of Trade which regulated the electricity industry until 1942 when the Ministry of Power took over. This should not be confused with a British Thermal Unit (BTU) which is 1055 J.

In India, the kilowatt-hour is often simply called a unit of energy. A million units, designated MU, is a gigawatt-hour and a BU (billion units) is a terawatt-hour.

See also
 Ampere-hour
 Electric vehicle battery
 Electric energy consumption
 IEEE Std 260.1-2004
 Orders of magnitude (energy)

References

Units of energy
Electric power
Non-SI metric units

Kilowatt-hour


James Charles Rodgers (born September 8, 1897 – May 26, 1933 in New York) was an American blues and Old-Time musician. He became country music's first major star along with the Carter Family. He was the founder of Blue Yodeling. He was nicknamed "Singing Brakeman", "America's Blue Yodeler" and Labeled "The Father of Country Music". His best-known songs include "T for Texas (Blue Yodel No. 1)" and "In the Jailhouse Now".

Life

Early life
Born in 1897, Rodgers was the youngest of three sons, probably near Meridian, Mississippi. After the death of his mother, relatives in Mississippi and Alabama raised him. Eventually, Rodgers returned to his father Aaron Rodgers (and his second wife), a foreman at the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Rodgers began singing and playing guitar as a child. He won a talent show when he was 12 and decided to pursue music for a living.

His father originally placed him on the railroad. He worked there for several years in various jobs, including as a brakeman on the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad, which earned him the nickname "Singing Brakeman". Besides his work, he took every opportunity to play music and improve his technique and style. He processed the experiences from these years again in his songs. In 1924, he contracted tuberculosis, had to give up his job on the railroad and struggled to make ends meet with music and the occasional job.

Career
In 1927, Rodgers auditioned for music producer Ralph Peer, who was looking for rural talent to market. A single was produced and earned Rodgers $27. His next recording "T for Texas (Blue Yodel No. 1)" became a top hit. It sold over a million copies, an extraordinary success for the time. In 1928 more Blue Yodels were recorded. One of his most famous titles, In the Jailhouse Now, also dates from that year.

Rodgers quickly became a star. His records sold very well, the concerts were mostly sold out. Under the constant strain, his health continued to deteriorate. He spent the money lavishly, bought a luxurious villa and the most expensive cars. So he was forced to constantly produce more records and give concerts.

Death
The world economic crisis that followed the stock market crash of 1929 aggravated his situation, because the population no longer had money for records and concert tickets. In early 1933, Rodgers ran into serious financial difficulties. Despite his serious illness, he was forced to take every opportunity to make money. After a breakdown, he decided to do one last recording session. A bed was set up in the studio and a nurse was present. Jimmie Rodgers recorded the last twelve tracks of his life.

He died two days later, on May 26, 1933, at the age of 35.

Works and Reception
His career had only lasted six years. Still, the "Singing Brakeman" had a significant influence on all country musicians who came after him. Virtually every star of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s referred to him. The mostly self-written lyrics of his songs went far beyond the usual hillbilly themes. He was one of the first country performers to incorporate personal experiences into their songs. The best-known example is the TB Blues. Stylistically, too, he broke away from his predecessors. He used blues elements and developed American yodelling into Blue Yodel.

His compositions have been re-recorded many times over the decades and have always been hits. Webb Pierce & the Wilburn Brothers' version of In the Jailhouse Now spent 21 weeks at number one on the country charts in 1955. This was a record only Eddy Arnold and Hank Snow could equal, and it stood for 58 years until 2013. Also in 1955, Rodgers himself came out with a version of In the Jailhouse Now No. 2 on the country charts to number seven. Johnny Cash had a Top 10 hit within the Jailhouse Now in 1962. Sonny James placed 15th in 1977 with a live version.

In 1960, his Mule Skinner Blues by The Fendermen was in the top 5 of the US pop chart and even reached the UK chart. The first singer with a Rodgers hit was Dolly Parton, who propelled the Mule Skinner Blues to number three on the country chart in 1970. Other country music greats such as Tommy Duncan, Lefty Frizzell, Jim Reeves and Grandpa Jones also had top 10 hits with Rodgers' compositions.

In 1997, Bob Dylan issued a tribute album, interpreting the well-known musicians Rodgers songs. Dylan himself contributed My Blue Eyed Jane and accompanying text. The title of Dylan's album Rough and Rowdy Ways (2020) is also borrowed from Rodgers.

Honors
Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame (1961)
Inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame (1970)
Inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (1970)
Inducted three Grammy Hall of Fame titles : Blue Yodel (T for Texas) (1985), Blue Yodel #9 (Standing on the Corner) , and In the Jailhouse Now (both 2007)
Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1986)
Inducted into the Alabama Hall of Fame (1993)
Inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame (1998)
Inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame (2013)
Inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame

References

1897 births
1933 deaths
Musicians from Mississippi
People from Meridian, Mississippi

Jimmie Rodgers


Tangasauridae is an extinct family of diapsids known from fossil specimens from Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania that are Late Permian to Early Triassic in age. Fossils have been found of numerous specimens of common members of this family such as Hovasaurus in different stages of ontogenic development. Recent material from the Middle Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin of Madagascar that dates back to the early Triassic period suggests that the Tangasauridae were relatively unaffected by the Permian-Triassic extinction event.

Description and phylogeny

Tangasaurids are known to have been a highly derived group of diapsids. One subfamily, Kenyasaurinae, is composed of taxa that were fully terrestrial. They had long toes and highly developed sternums that made them well suited to life on land. On the other hand, the other subfamily, Tangasaurinae, is composed of taxa that were adapted to an aquatic life. They had webbed feet and a laterally compressed tails that allowed them to be able to swim in the freshwater lacustrine environment present at the time. Because of their highly derived aquatic characteristics and occurrence in time, it has been suggested that the tangasaurids were a direct ancestor of the superorder Sauropterygia, which includes many highly derived marine aquatic reptiles such as placodonts, nothosaurs, and plesiosaurs.

Classification
Despite the controversy over the definition of the order Eosuchia (to which the Tangasauridae are considered to have belonged) and as to which taxa should be considered to fall within it, the position of the tangasaurids as part of this group has rarely been questioned. An alternative order has been proposed to resolve the issues surrounding Eosuchia, the Younginiformes. Because their quadratojugal and jugal bones meet to form an arch in the skull, as is a characteristic of many primitive diapsids, tangasaurs would be included in Younginiformes.

The Tangasauridae is divided into two subfamilies, as shown below:

Family Tangasauridae
Subfamily Kenyasaurinae
Kenyasaurus
Subfamily Tangasaurinae
Acerosodontosaurus
Hovasaurus
Tangasaurus

References

Permian reptiles
Triassic diapsids
Lopingian first appearances
Early Triassic extinctions
Prehistoric neodiapsids
Prehistoric reptile families

Tangasauridae


Salling is a peninsula located in the north-west of the larger Jutland peninsula in Denmark. The largest city in Salling is Skive, and smaller towns and villages includes Jebjerg, Roslev and Glyngøre.

The Sallingsund Bridge connects the peninsula to the island of Mors, crossing the narrow strait of Sallingsund, part of the Limfjord. The island of Fur lies to the north of the peninsula and is linked by a 3-4 minute ferry service across the Fursund from Branden.

Since January 2007, Salling has been part of the newly formed Skive municipality.

Gallery

References

External links

Peninsulas of Denmark
Skive Municipality

Salling


Pendley Manor is a hotel, conference and function centre near Tring, Hertfordshire, UK. It is a historic country house and is  Grade II listed as an important example of Victorian architecture.

History

A village of Pendley (or Penley, Pendele, or Pentlai) is recorded from the 4th century AD, held in the honour of Berkhampstead. The manor of Pendley pre-dates the Norman Conquest  of 1066, after which  it was confiscated by William the Conqueror and passed to his brother-in-law, Robert, Count of Mortain, who became one of the greatest landholders in the newly conquered Kingdom of England. A later owner was John de Angle, an early Member of Parliament.

The Whittinghams and the Verneys
By the 15th century, Pendley was a small town. In 1440 the county sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire Sir Robert Whittingham (or Whytingham) and his wife Agnes received a grant of free warren from King Henry VI at Pendley manor; Sir Robert enclosed 200 acres and tore down the buildings on the land, returning the estate to pasture. He built a manor house at the western end of the now-demolished town as a double cloistered courtyard similar to those found at Herstmonceux Castle and Eton College. Whittingham subsequently obtained a papal licence to build a chapel at the manor house and engage a priest to hold services there when the roads became impassable in winter.

On the accession of King Edward IV, Whittingham's fortunes changed; the king attainded Whittingham for his loyalty to Henry and in 1461 he granted Pendley manor to George Neville, Bishop of Exeter. Around 1472, Whittingham's daughter Margaret married John Verney, son of a Lord Mayor of London Sir Ralph de Verney. Because of the king's favour for Verney, he lifted the attainder on Whittingham and Pendley Manor land passed to the Verney family.

The Andersons and the Harcourts

The Verney family lived at the medieval manor for the next 150 years. The Anderson family then occupied it for four generations from 1606-7.

In 1630, a friend of Sir Richard Anderson, the Rev. Lawrence Washington, visited Pendley Manor. During his stay there he became acquainted with Amphyllis Twigden and began a love affair with her. As a fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford,  Washington was prohibited from marrying, and in 1631 Amphyllis bore him a son out of wedlock. Eventually Archbishop William Laud granted the couple a licence to marry, and Lawrence and Amphyllis were married in Tring in late 1632. Their son, John Washington, emigrated to Virginia in 1657. The Washington family became established in the new colony, and over a century later in 1789, John's great-grandson, George Washington, became the first President of the United States of America.

In 1677, Anderson's daughter Elizabeth married the politician Simon Harcourt. Sir Richard Anderson died in 1699, and he was buried in the Pendley Chapel in the Church of St John the Baptist in the neighbouring village of Aldbury, alongside his wife Dame Elizabeth Anderson and their other children. As the young Elizabeth was the Anderson family's only surviving child, Pendley Manor passed through marriage to the Harcourt family.

In the 1830s, at the height of the Industrial Revolution, railway engineer Robert Stephenson began construction on the new London and Birmingham Railway. The project was delayed by opposition from local landowners (among them Lord Brownlow and Sir Astley Cooper); after a change in the planned route, parliamentary approval was granted, and the railway line was built along a route parallel to the Grand Junction Canal, some distance to the east of Tring — but too close to Pendley Manor to suit the occupant, Sir William Harcourt. He regarded the incursion of the iron horse into the locality as an intolerable nuisance and abandoned Pendley Manor. The ancient medieval manor buildings burnt down soon after in 1835.

The new manor
A Local landowner and mill owner, Joseph Grout Williams commissioned architect Walter F K Ryan to build a new Tudor style Manor, the present building, in 1872. He and his descendants then occupied the Victorian Manor from 1875 until 1983.

The last private owner was BBC show jumping commentator Dorian Williams, who developed it as a center for adult education and the arts after the second World War. He inaugurated the Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival in 1949 in the hotel grounds which continues to run to the present day.  The grounds have two landscaped open-air theatres. The indoor Court Theatre has permanently occupied the former stables to the estate since 1978 and presents a full programme of drama and musical performance.

The house was sold to a property company in 1983 and then in 1989 to a hotel company which invested in the building and re-opened it as a country house hotel in 1991. There have since been several extensions built to house additional rooms, a spa and gymnasium and a banqueting / conference suite.

Architecture
The present building was erected c.1874 near the site of the old manor house. It was designed in a neo-Jacobean style by the architect Walter F K Ryan and it built in red brick with Bath stone dressings. Architectural features include a half-timbered jettied top floor; tall decorated brick chimney pots; a square tower with an ogee-shaped lead roof; ornamental  herringbone brickwork, carved Jacobean-style Ionic pilasters and stucco panels. The date 1875 is carved in stone above the porch.

References

External links

 Official Hotel website

Hotels in Hertfordshire
Country houses in Hertfordshire
Grade II listed buildings in Hertfordshire
Jacobethan architecture
Houses completed in 1874
Grade II listed houses
Grade II listed hotels

Verney family
Renaissance Revival architecture in England
Country house hotels
1874 establishments in England

Pendley Manor


An ice axe is a tool mountaineers use for routes that involve snow or ice. It is used to probe the stability of the snow or ice in crevasses, and for ice climbing. There are techniques to lighten a fall onto a suitable surface of snow or ice.  it can be used to securize a party on an ice climbing tour. In 1933, crampons were introduced. These are attached to the shoes of the mountaineer and provide more stability. They are also used in icy situations. Before their widespread use, ice axes were used to make steps for the mountaineers to use.

Tools

Ice axe


Cable is a way to provide internet services to homes and businesses through a coaxial cable . Because cable internet uses existing cable TV wires, it can service large areas without building new wires, especially in the United States.

Modem
Main article: Cable Modem

When you subscribe to cable internet service they will send you a modem, the modem is like a translator, taking an analog signal and turning it into a digital signal that your computer can understand.

Speed
What speeds you will get depends on many things, such as the company or the speed package you subscribe to, but the general rule is, cable internet has a maximum speed of 1000 megabits per second.

Phone service
Main article: Telephone

Cable internet can also carry phone calls through the internet, this is called VoIP which stands for 'Voice over Internet protocol' this is, however different than calls over a smart phone.

Cable Internet Providers
Major internet providers in the United States are: Charter Communications, Comcast, Cox, Mediacom, and Suddenlink.

Internet

Cable internet


A character actor is an actor known for playing unusual or interesting characters in supporting roles. The term is somewhat abstract and open to interpretation. While all actors play "characters", the term character actor is often applied to an actor who frequently plays a distinctive and important supporting role. In another sense, a character actor may also be one who specializes in minor roles.

A character actor may play a variety of characters in their career, often referred to as a "chameleon", or may be known for playing the same type of roles. Character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras. The term is used primarily to describe television and film actors, as opposed to theater actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, which defined a character actor as "one who portrays individualities and eccentricities". Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor.

Overview

In contrast to leading actors, they are generally seen as less glamorous. While a leading actor often has the physical attractiveness considered necessary to play the love interest, a character actor typically does not. In fact, some character actors are known for their unusual looks. For example, Chicago character actor William Schutz's face was disfigured in a car accident when he was five years old, but his appearance after reconstructive surgery helped him to be distinctive to theater audiences. Generally, the names of character actors are not featured prominently in movie and television advertising on the marquee, since a character actor's name is not expected to attract film audiences. Some character actors have been described as instantly recognizable despite their names being little known.

Over the course of an acting career, an actor can sometimes shift between leading roles and supporting roles. Some leading actors, as they get older, find that access to leading roles is limited by their age. Sometimes character actors have developed careers based on specific talents needed in genre films, such as dancing, horsemanship, acrobatics, swimming ability, or boxing. Many up-and-coming actors find themselves typecast in character roles due to an early success with a particular part or in a certain genre, such that the actor becomes so strongly identified with a particular type of role that casting directors and theatrical agents steer the actor to similar roles. Some character actors are known as "chameleons", able to play roles that vary wildly, such as Gary Oldman and Christian Bale.

Many character actors tend to play the same type of role throughout their careers, such as Harvey Keitel as tough, determined characters; Christopher Lloyd as eccentrics; Claude Rains as sophisticated, sometimes morally ambiguous men; Abe Vigoda as aging criminals; Fairuza Balk as moody goth girls; Doug Jones as non-human creatures; and Forest Whitaker as composed characters with underlying volatility. Ed Lauter usually portrayed a menacing figure because of his "long, angular face", which was easily recognized in public, although audiences rarely knew his name. Character actors can play a variety of types, such as the femme fatale, gunslinger, sidekick, town drunk, villain, hooker with a heart of gold, and many others. A character actor's roles are often substantially different from their real-life personality. Prolific character actors, such as Margo Martindale, are rarely out of work, and they often have long careers that span decades. They are often highly esteemed by fellow actors.

See also
 Commedia dell'arte
 Stock character
 Typecasting

References

Further reading

Acting
Film and video terminology

Character actor


Omobola Olubusola Johnson (born 28 June 1963) is a Nigerian technocrat and the Honorary Chairperson of the global Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI). She is also a former and first Minister of Communication Technology in the cabinet of President Goodluck Jonathan.

Education
She was educated at the International School Ibadan and the University of Manchester (BEng, Electrical and Electronic Engineering) and King's College London (MSc, Digital Electronics). She has a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) from Cranfield University.

Career
Prior to her Ministerial appointment she was country managing director for Accenture, Nigeria. She had worked with Accenture since 1985 when it was Andersen Consulting. Johnson is the pioneer head of the country's communication technology ministry, which was created as part of the transformation agenda of the Nigerian government.

Johnson co-founded a women's organization, WIMBIZ in 2001. She has earned several public commendation since taking up her first government assignment as minister in 2011. This is following the numerous achievements of her ministry notably among which is the launch of the NigComSat-IR Satellite. This has helped to complement the country's efforts at fibre connectivity and the provision of greater bandwidth. The ministry under her watch has also deployed more than 700 personal computers to secondary schools in the first phase of School Access Programme (SAP) while about 193 tertiary institutions in the country now have internet access in the Tertiary Institution Access Programme ( TIAP) and 146 communities have access to Community Communication Centers deployed around the country.

Other achievements of the ministry under Johnson include:

A collaboration with the Central Bank of Nigeria to drive digital and financial inclusion using the Post Office infrastructure;
10Gbs Fibre optic Network to connect Nigerian Universities to wider research and education universe, in partnership with the NUC, World Bank and TetFund;
Facilitating e-Government drive with over 86,000 email addresses deployed for Government use on the .gov.ng domain names, and 250 websites hosted on .gov.ng platform as well as 382 MDAs connected in Abuja and other parts of the country;
Creating the enabling environment for local development of iPad-equivalent tablets;
Signing of an MoU with Nokia to establish a lab in Nigeria to support the domestic mobile software industry;
Inauguration of the National Council on Information Communication Technology with state / FCT Commissioner of ICT as members.

On 30 May 2013, Omobola presented the Nigerian National Broadband Plan for 2013 to 2018 to President Goodluck Jonathan. Following a cabinet reshuffle by President Goodluck Jonathan in September 2013,  she was given an extra task of supervising the operations of the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology.

Omobola is currently a non-executive director of Guinness Nigeria PLC, MTN and Chairperson of Custodian and Allied Insurance Limited. She is also a senior partner with the Venture Capital Firm TLCOM.

Personal life
Omobola is married with children. Her father-in-law was Mobolaji Johnson.

References

External links

 Profiling Omobola Johnson's 4 Years as Nigeria's ICT Minister
 Nigeria's Former ICT Minister, Dr. Omobola Johnson is now a Venture Capitalist
 Alliance for Affordable Internet appoints Omobola Johnson as its Honorary Chairperson

1963 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of Cranfield University
International School, Ibadan alumni
Yoruba women in politics
Nigerian venture capitalists
Nigerian women in business
Yoruba women in business
Nigerian women engineers
Yoruba women engineers
Nigerian chairpersons of corporations
Nigerian women business executives
Communication ministers of Nigeria
Women government ministers of Nigeria
Women corporate directors
Lagos Business School alumni
Nigerian expatriates in the United Kingdom

Omobola Johnson


Richard Warwick Traxler (1928–2010) was an American environmental microbiologist known for pioneering research in petroleum-degrading bacteria, methane-producing bacteria, and microbiological biotechnology.

Biography
Traxler was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 25 July 1928 to Ralph N. and Mabel (Barnett) Traxler. He received his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Texas at Austin. He served in the US Army during the Korean War and retired as a major after twenty-three years of reserve service in the military. He married Carolyn Cain in 1952, and they had three daughters, Marla, Suzanne, and Carol.

Beginning in 1958, Traxler taught at the University of Southwest Louisiana at Lafayette, Louisiana for thirteen years, earning a distinguished faculty award from the university in 1965 for his research on petroleum degradation.  He joined the faculty of the University of Rhode Island in 1971 as a professor of microbiology, founding the biotechnology program at the university in 1986.  Traxler had been chairman of two different departments at the University of Rhode Island: Plant Pathology and Entomology, and Food Science and Nutrition, and he was a member of American Society for Microbiology and the Society for Industrial Microbiology. He was also active in the local community in Kingston serving as president of the Tavern Hall Club in 1995. He retired from the university in 1998, and died on 5 December 2010 at his home in South Kingstown, Rhode Island.

Selected publications
Traxler was the author of over 100 publications primarily on the microbiology of petroleum degradation and food microbiology. His work has been important in the development of technologies to remediate oil spills. Some selected publications are as follows:

 Sergeant,T.P., C.E. Lankford and R.W. Traxler. 1957. Initiation of growth of Bacillus species in a chemically defined medium.  Journal of Bacteriology 74(6):728-736.
 Phillips, U.A. and R.W. Traxler. 1963. Microbial degradation of asphalt. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 11(3):235-238.
 Pierce, R.H. Jr., A.M. Cundell, and R.W. Traxler. 1975. Persistence and biodegradation of spilled residual fuel oil on an estuarine beach. Applied Microbiology 29(5):646-652.
 Parekh, V.R, R.W. Traxler, and J.M. Sobek. 1977. n-Alkane oxidation enzymes of a pseudomonad. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 33(4):881-884.
 Lai, M-C., and R.W. Traxler. 1994. A coupled two-stage continuous fermentation for solvent production by Clostridium acetobutylicum. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 16(12):1021-1025.
 Gamerdinger A.P., R.S. Achin, and R.W. Traxler. 1995. Effect of aliphatic nonaqueous phase liquids on naphthalene biodegradation in multiphase systems. Journal of Environmental Quality 24(6):1150-1156.

References

American biologists
1928 births
2010 deaths
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of Rhode Island faculty
University of Louisiana at Lafayette faculty
Scientists from New Orleans
People from South Kingstown, Rhode Island

Richard W. Traxler


A Respectable Family () is a 2012 Iranian movie directed by Massoud Bakhshi. The story of the film is about an Iranian scholar in Europe who is visiting his mother back in Iran while lecturing a course. This movie has a very critical view of Iranian society showing the corruptions in the highest level of administrative, judicial, and paramilitary groups of Iranian government.

Plot
Arash is an Iranian scholar in Europe who is visiting his mother in Shiraz. He is also lecturing a course in sociology at the same time. His parents are divorced long time ago and he hasn't visited his father who is living in Tehran for a very long time, until suddenly his nephew visits him and informs him of his father's hospitalization in Tehran and persuades him to visit his father. At the same time due to some unexpected problems he cannot get his passport to leave the country on time. While Arash is going to Tehran is reviewing his memories of bad treatment with his father, and the way his mother and brother were also treated in the worse situation. He also remembers the memories of his brother who fled from home due his father's misbehavior. Later on his brother joined to the Iranian volunteer forces in Iran-Iraq war and soon after got killed in the war.

His father dies shortly after Arash's visit in Tehran. After death of his father, Arash faces with newer problems about the family heritages.

Critics
Inside Iran the movie could not get the permission for screening. The semi official news agency Fars News criticized the movie a betrayal and called the producer and director of the movie traitors.

References

External links

2012 films
Films set in Iran
Films shot in Iran
Iranian drama films
2010s Persian-language films

A Respected Family


Dwight Andre Sean O'Neil Jones (born December 19, 1962) is a former American football defensive end, who played for the Los Angeles Raiders (1984–1987), Houston Oilers (1988–1993), and the Green Bay Packers (1994–1996). He won Super Bowl XXXI with the Packers, beating the New England Patriots. Jones was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 1993 season. Sean Jones' brother Max Jones played college football at Massachusetts and later played professional football with the Birmingham Stallions in the USFL in 1984.

College career
Sean Jones attended Northeastern University, where he lettered for four years in football. At Northeastern he played on the offensive line his freshmen and sophomore seasons before flipping to the defensive side for his junior and senior season where he became a defensive presence.

Prior to attending Northeastern University, Jones graduated from the Montclair Kimberley Academy in Montclair, New Jersey where he played football, basketball and lacrosse.

Sean Jones became a member of the Nu Phi graduate chapter of Omega Psi Phi fraternity in Houston, Texas in 2004.

NFL career
Sean Jones played the first four years of his career for the Los Angeles Raiders, who drafted him in the second round of the 1984 NFL Draft. In Jones' third year, 1986, he had a career high 15.5 sacks and 74 tackles. In 1988 the Houston Oilers traded the ninth overall pick in the NFL draft for Jones. Jones went on to play 6 seasons for the Oilers, amassing 50 sacks during this time. In 1994, Jones signed with the Green Bay Packers as a free agent. Jones formed a bookend at defensive end with Reggie White. Jones retired after the Packers won Super Bowl XXXI on January 26, 1997. During his three years with the Packers, Jones had 24.5 sacks.

Post NFL career
In 2001-2002 Jones was a reserve color commentator for the NFL on FOX.

In December 2003, arbitrator Roger Kaplan ruled that Jones violated National Football League Players Association regulations in his financial dealings with NFL player Ebenezer Ekuban. Jones received a two-year suspension, prohibiting him from representing NFL players until February 26, 2005. Jones later sued Ekuban and his attorney for slander and libel leading to Ekuban declaring bankruptcy in 2003. Former player Cris Dishman won a US$396,000 judgment against Jones involving a bad investment. Jones later counter sued Cris Dishman and his former wife Karen Dishman, the previous matter was declared settled and Jones received a money judgment against both Cris and Karen Dishman in 2006 for their part in illegally trying to extort more money from Jones.

In January 2016, he became a co-host for KBME Houston.

References

1962 births
Living people
Jamaican players of American football
American football defensive ends
Birmingham Stallions players
Montclair Kimberley Academy alumni
Northeastern Huskies football players
Los Angeles Raiders players
Houston Oilers players
Green Bay Packers players
American Conference Pro Bowl players

Sean Jones (defensive end)


Clem Snide is an alt-country band featuring Eef Barzelay (guitar, vocals), Brendan Fitzpatrick (bass) and Ben Martin (drums).

History
"Clem Snide" is a character in several novels by William S. Burroughs, including Naked Lunch, The Ticket That Exploded and Exterminator!. The band Clem Snide was started by songwriter and singer Eef Barzelay, Jason Glasser, William J. Grabek Jr., and drummer Eric Paull in Boston in 1991. A few years later, with the addition of bassist Jeff "SweetBread" Marshall, the band made its first record, You Were a Diamond, with producer Adam Lasus. After building up a local following they attracted the attention of Seymour Stein, who then signed them to the Sire label for whom they recorded Your Favorite Music in 1999.

A couple years later Clem Snide released their third album The Ghost of Fashion on indie stalwart SpinArt Records.  The record received some mainstream attention due to the song "Moment in the Sun", which was used as the theme song for the second season of the NBC program Ed.

After an ill-fated post-9/11 tour, the band began to unravel, but not before completing two more records: Soft Spot (2003) and End of Love (2005). After beginning work on another record, the strains of life in the music industry became too great and Clem Snide broke up. Barzelay went on to release two solo records, Bitter Honey and Lose Big.

In 2009, the band re-grouped and released their sixth record Hungry Bird on 429 Records. On February 23, 2010, Clem Snide released their seventh long-player, The Meat of Life, also on 429 Records.

The band's music featured in the series Californication, when "Faithfully" was played during the end credits of "Waiting for a Miracle", the fourth episode of season 5 (originally broadcast January 2012).

In February 2013, Clem Snide released a new track, "The Woods", which was written for "Senses", the second episode of the Professor Brian Cox-presented BBC science and nature show Wonders of Life.

"No One's More Happy Than You" from The Ghost of Fashion was featured in the eleventh episode of season 7 of The Good Wife that aired on January 10, 2016.

In 2017, Clem Snide's cover of "Beautiful" was used in the Netflix show Love, playing over the end credits of Season 2 Episode 4.

Discography

Albums
 You Were a Diamond - CD - Tractor Beam Records - 1998
 Your Favorite Music - CD - Sire Records/spinART Records - 1999 (vinyl in 2010 via Microfiche Records)
 The Ghost of Fashion - CD - spinART Records - 2001 (vinyl in 2011 via Microfiche Records)
 Soft Spot - CD - spinART Records - 2003
 End of Love - CD - spinART Records - 2005
 Suburban Field Recordings: Volume One/Early Home Recordings: Volume One - MP3/iTunes - SpinArt Records - 2005
 Suburban Field Recordings: Volume Two - MP3/iTunes - spinART Records - 2006
 Have a Good Night: Live Recordings 1999-2005 - Self-released - 2006
 Hungry Bird - CD - 429 Records - February 24, 2009
 The Meat of Life - CD - 429 Records - February 23, 2010
 Suburban Field Recordings: Volume three - Amazon MP3/iTunes - snideco - November 23, 2010
 We leave only ashes CD 2013
 Birthing Pains - Mr It Productions - 2013
 Girls Come First - Amazon MP3/iTunes - Zahpwee Music - March 3, 2015
 Forever Just Beyond - Ramseur Records - March 27, 2020
 Beyond Forever Just Beyond - Ramseur Records - June 23, 2021

EPs
 Moment in the Sun EP - CD - spinART Records - 2002
 A Beautiful EP - CD - spinART Records - 2004
 A Beautiful EP - CD - Fargo Records - 2004 (European release)
 Clem Snide's Journey EP (Vinyl, Digital Download)- Bandcamp release - June 29, 2011
 Smothered & Covered Vol. 1 - June 11, 2021

Singles
 "I Love the Unknown" - CD - Cooking Vinyl - 1999 (European release)
 "Ice Cube" - CD - Cooking Vinyl - 2001 (European release)
 "Song for Bob Crane/Frustrated Poet" - 7" - Self Starter Foundation - 2001
 "Moment in the Sun" - CD - Cooking Vinyl - 2001

Non-album compilation tracks
 "Tears on My Pillow", a cover of Little Anthony and the Imperials, from Stubbs the Zombie: The Soundtrack (2005)
 "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Your Grievance", from The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered "Keep Your Feelings to Yourself", from This Is Next Year: A Brooklyn-Based Compilation "Accident", from Never Kept a Diary Compilation on Motorcoat records
 "The Ballad of David Icke", from Future Soundtrack for America''

References

External links
 Clem Snide's official site.[Currently unavailable]
 Clem Snide on Microfiche Records site.
 [ Clem Snide] at Allmusic.
 Clem Snide's Journey EP

American alternative country groups
Indie rock musical groups from Massachusetts
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in Massachusetts
SpinART Records artists
429 Records artists

Clem Snide


The March (titled Martin Luther King and the March on Washington in the United Kingdom) is a documentary film directed by John Akomfrah and narrated by Denzel Washington. It is about the historic 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom - largely remembered for Martin Luther King's famous and iconic "I Have a Dream" speech delivered on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. It formed the centrepiece of a special week of programs and online events and activities celebrating the 50th anniversary of the March.

The film features interviews with some of the key people involved in the event: members of the inner circles of the core organizational groups such as Jack O'Dell, Clarence B. Jones, John Lewis, Julian Bond, Norman Hill, A. Philip Randolph and Andrew Young; Hollywood supporters and Civil Rights Movement campaigners including Harry Belafonte, Diahann Carroll and Sidney Poitier; performing artists at the March such as Joan Baez and Peter Yarrow; as well as John F. Kennedy administration official Harris Wofford; the CBS broadcaster who reported from the March, Roger Mudd; Clayborne Carson, the founding director of Stanford's Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute and a participant in the March; as well as those who witnessed the march on TV and were influenced by it, including Oprah Winfrey.

Broadcast
The film had its U.S. premiere on 23 August 2013 on PBS and its UK premiere on BBC Two on 28 August 2013, the 50th anniversary of the original event. It was broadcast in France on 11 October 2013 on France 3.

Reception
On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 86 out of 100, based on six reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".

In the U.S. the San Francisco Chronicle wrote that "The March is not only a timely film document, it is also properly structured as the great drama the event was". The New York Times described it as "a succinct and well-conceived documentary". Robert Bianco of USA TODAY wrote, "Should be mandatory viewing."

In the U.K. The Observer gave the film high praise, reporting that it was "so good that it ought to be on the national curriculum" and calling it "quite possibly the best thing the BBC has created in years.". The Independent called it a "supremely authoritative documentary" while The Guardian stated that "the success of this documentary lay in its range of different voices."

The UK broadcast was nominated for a BAFTA at the 2014 British Academy Television Awards in the specialist factual category, losing to eventual winner "David Attenborough's Natural History Museum Alive".

See also
 Civil rights movement in popular culture
The March, a 1964 documentary film about the 1963 March on Washington

References

External links

 The March at the PBS website
 Martin Luther King and the March on Washington at the BBC Two Page

2013 documentary films
American documentary films
Documentary films about the civil rights movement
2013 television films
2013 films
Films directed by John Akomfrah
British documentary films
2010s American films
2010s British films

The March (2013 film)


Cargill Gilston Knott FRS, FRSE LLD (30 June 1856 – 26 October 1922) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was a pioneer in seismological research. He spent his early career in Japan. He later became a Fellow of the Royal Society, Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and President of the Scottish Meteorological Society.

Biography
Knott was born in Penicuik, Midlothian, the son of Pelham Knott, an agent for a paper manufacturer and his wife Ellen. His paternal uncle was the artist Tavernor Knott.

He was educated at Arbroath High School in Angus, and attended the University of Edinburgh, where he studied alongside James Alfred Ewing. He worked on various aspects of electricity and magnetism, obtaining his doctorate in 1879.

He was appointed as an assistant in Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh in 1879, and held this post until 1883, when he left to take up a post at Tokyo Imperial University. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1880 after being proposed by Peter Guthrie Tait, Alexander Crum Brown, John Gray McKendrick, and Alexander Buchan. He won the Society's Keith Prize for the period 1893-95. He served as Secretary 1905-1912 and General Secretary 1912-1922. He was also a founder of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, taking the chair for its first meeting on Friday 2 February 1883.

Career in Japan
Japan's Public Works was found in October 1871 with 11 departments, one of which was the engineering institution. Yamao Yozo, head of the institution asked William Rankine and Lord Kelvin to send proper teaching staffs to the technical school through Hugh Mateson, and hired 6 instructors lead by Henry Dyer  as a principal,  John Milne a Professor of Geology and Mining, and James Alfred Ewing  Professor of Physics and Engineering at Tokyo Imperial University from 1878.

When Ewing returned to Scotland in 1883, the rector of Tokyo Imperial University wrote to Lord Kelvin, asking for his recommendation for a successor, Lord Kelvin recommended Knott, and the recommendation was supported by Ewing. Thus, Knott replaced Ewing as Professor of Physics and Engineering at Tokyo Imperial University. For the next nine years, he worked closely with Milne, Gray and the Japanese seismologist Fusakichi Omori in establishing a network of recording seismometers across the Japanese Empire. Knott also taught courses in mathematics, acoustics, and electromagnetism at the Tokyo Imperial University.

Knott also undertook the first geomagnetic survey of Japan, assisted by Japanese geophysicist Tanakadate Aikitsu, from which was developed the first earthquake hazard map of Japan. Knott's key contribution was his background in mathematics and data analysis. One of his innovations was to apply the technique of Fourier analysis to the occurrence of earthquakes. Two chapters in his 1908 book The Physics of Earthquake Phenomena were devoted to this subject, which Knott hoped would enable him to deduce the probability of when future earthquakes would occur.

Cargil Knott married Mary Dixon in 1885, becoming the brother-in-law of the literary scholar James Main Dixon.

On the conclusion of his stay in Japan in 1891, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun by Emperor Meiji.

Return to Edinburgh

On his return to Edinburgh, Knott took up the position of a Reader in Applied Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, holding the post until his death in 1922.

While in Japan, Knott began to develop mathematical equations describing how seismic vibrations are reflected and transmitted across the boundary between seawater and seabed. After returning to the University of Edinburgh in 1892, he expanded upon this research to describe the behaviour of earthquake waves at the interface between two different types of rock.

Knott's equations, derived in terms of potentials, were the first to describe the amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves at non-normal incidence and together with the Zoeppritz equations are now the basis for modern reflection seismology – an important technique in hydrocarbon exploration.

Knott continued his work as a mathematician, including quaternion methods of his professor and mentor Peter Guthrie Tait. When the tight constraints of a single linear algebra began to be felt in the 1890s, and revisionists began publishing, Knott contributed the pivotal article "Recent Innovations in Vector Theory".  As Michael J. Crowe describes, this paper set straight wayward theorists that expected to find associativity in systems like hyperbolic quaternions. Knott wrote:
[T]he assumption that the square of a unit vector is positive unity leads to an algebra whose characteristic quantities are non-associative.
Evidently Knott overlooked the existence of the ring of coquaternions. Nevertheless, Crowe states that Knott "wrote with care and thoroughness" and that "only Knott was well acquainted with his opponents system".

For a textbook on quaternions, lecturers and students relied on Tait and Kelland's Introduction to Quaternions which had editions in 1873 and 1882. It fell to Knott to prepare a third edition in 1904. By then the Universal Algebra of Alfred North Whitehead (1898) presumed some grounding in quaternions as students encountered matrix algebra. In Knott's introduction to his textbook edition he says "Analytically the quaternion is now known to take its place in the general theory of complex numbers and continuous groups,...". Thus he was aware of the diversity to be encountered in modern mathematical structures, and that quaternions stand as a milestone on the way to others.

He became more active in the Royal Society of Edinburgh, serving on the Council from 1894 to 1905, moving up to a Secretary to Ordinary Meetings in 1905 and finally becoming its general secretary in 1912 until his death in 1922. Knott also took an active social role in his community including Sunday school teaching and church affairs with the United Free Church of Scotland. He was finally elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920 and was also a member of the Scottish Meteorological Society.

He died at his home at 42 Upper Gray Street, Newington, Edinburgh, on 26 October 1922.

Partial bibliography
The internet archive and other web sources now offer some of Knott's works:
 1890: M. Ballore's Calculations on Earthquake Frequency from Google Books
 1899: Reflection and Refraction of Elastic Waves with Seismological Applications, Philosophical Magazine 48: 64–97 via Biodiversity Heritage Library
 1904: (as editor) Introduction to Quaternions, 3rd edition via Hathi Trust
 1908: The Physics of Earthquake Phenomena
 1911: Life and Scientific Work of Peter Gutherie Tait. Supplementing the Two Volumes of Scientific Papers Published in 1898 and 1900
 1913: Physics, An Elementary Textbook for University Classes from HathiTrust
 1915: Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume
 1919: "The Propagation of Earthquake Waves through the Earth and connected problems", Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 39: 157–208

Family

In 1885, Cargill married Mary Dixon, sister of James Main Dixon.

See also
 Knott's equations
 James Alfred Ewing
 Arthur Schuster

References

 K.E. Bullen (1973) "Knott, Cargill Gilston" in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, C.C. Gillespie editor, published by American Council of Learned Societies.
 E. T. Whittaker (1922) "Cargill Gilston Knott" (obituary) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 43:237 – 48. Includes a substantial but partial bibliography.
 A Milne (1922) " Cargill G Knott, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. (obituary)", Proceedings of the Edinburgh Math. Soc. 40 (1921–22), 50–51

External links

Penicuik Community Development Trust essay on C.G. Knott and ties to Japan

Scottish physicists
1856 births
1922 deaths
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan
Foreign educators in Japan
Scottish expatriates in Japan
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
People from Penicuik
British seismologists
Scottish mathematicians
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish scholars and academics
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
People from Arbroath
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun

Cargill Gilston Knott