Crown Point Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory.

Description
It is situated  north west of Aputula and  east of Kulgera. The ephemeral Finke River flows through the property which is bordered by Engoordina Station. The property is named after Crown Point, a pyramid shaped hill with flattened apex, near to a gorge along the Finke. The country is mostly gently undulating well covered by Mitchell grass and other fodder suitable for stock.

History
The property was established at some time prior to 1886 at which time it was owned by Messrs Willoby, Harding and Co. The station was stocked with 3,000 head of cattle, 250 horses and 200 goats.

The owner of the property in 1890 was James Cowan who, along with another man named Bullimore, was killed in a railway accident the same year. The property occupied an area of  and was stocked with approximately 7.000 head of cattle and was being managed by Mr Ross. Drought struck the area in 1892 but this was followed by successive good seasons from 1893 to 1897. By 1910 the owner of the property was Horace Cowan and it was being managed by Richard Taylor.

The property was placed on the market in 1937 when it occupied an area of . Stock were watered by the Bloodwood Bore and 17 other wells as well as the Finke and Goyder Rivers.

Historic photographs

See also
List of ranches and stations

References

Stations in the Northern Territory

Crown Point Station


Ghughudanga Zamindar Bari was the residential palace and place of business of the Ghughu-danga zamindar family. It is situated on the banks of the Purnobhoba River in Dinajpur District. The palace was destroyed by Pakistani soldiers in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.

Location of Ghughudanga

The ancient village Ghughudanga is situated on the east side of Purnobhoba River and 8 miles away from Dinajpur Sadar at Auliapur Union. Kotiborsho city was situated there, which was Kotiborsho Nogori and it was the administration center of Guptopal. Later it also known as Debkot. In 1204-05  Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji after conquering the northern and western parts of Bengal, first established his city in Lakhnauti but later he established his city at Devkot. He came back from his failed Tibet expedition and he died at Devkot. In this Debkot in the reign of Muslim Damdama was erected. But nowadays it is in ruins. Near this ruined city, India's South Dinajpur district's Gangarampur town is situated.

Ghugudanga Estate

During the last part of the British rule, Ghugudanga Estate was the most important amongst the Muslim Zamindars (feudal lords under British Indian Rule) within undivided Dinajpur district of undivided Bengal comprising 30 police stations. It is known that the annual lease rent amount (Land Tax for the British Indian Government only) of this Estate stood to the tune of Rupees one lakh that time. There were 41 Tehsils and about 80 Peyadas (Process Servers) and Barkandaz (Footmen) within Ghugudanga Estate area covering 11 Police Stations. There once stood two old office buildings (Kuthibari) in Eidgah Residential Area just to the east of Dinajpur Bara Maidan of Dinajpur Town; but the main residential building of Zamindar family was built at Ghugudanga village situated on the left bank of the river Punarbhaba which is 6 miles to the south of Dinajpur Town.

Zamindar areas

Ghughudanga Zamindari was located within 11 thanas, such as

Dinajpur Sadar Upazila
Gangarampur
Kushmandi (community development block)
Raiganj
Kaliaganj
Itahar (community development block)
Pirganj Upazila
Thakurgaon District
Biral Upazila
Bochaganj Upazila
Malda district (Raio-Muchia).

Construction
It was constructed in the style of Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture.

Antique pieces
In 1971 before the Indo-Pak War, in Ghughudanga state there were some antique pieces and that was gold chair which is now kept in national museum Bangladesh, 101 gram artificial gold koi fish, a beautiful umbrella along with silver haft, a big hand fan along with silver haft, four silver sticks etc. Also there were 13-14 big copper cauldrons for cooking in occasions, big canopy and other important things and that things once used  by Dinajpur district's important people in their marriage and other occasions and hired from Ghughudanga. Because those days there were no shop of decorators in Dinajpur, Pakistan. In 1971, Pakistani Army looted these things when they destroyed the Zamindar palace.

Partition of Bangladesh and destruction of zamindari

After the partition of India in 1947, most of the Ghugudanga Estate areas fell within Indian territory. Due to the promulgation of the State Acquisition Act, the financial stability of this Zamindar family started declining gradually. Consequent to the help, co-operation, and shelter afforded to the freedom-fighters by the members of Ghugudanga Zamindar family during the Indo-Pak War or liberation War, raiders completely destroyed the main residential building of the Zamindar by aerial bombing. Afterwards, most members of the Ghugudanga Zamindar family started living by constructing their own houses in Eidgah Residential Area of Dinajpur Town.

Ghughudanga Zamindar's contribution on 1971's Liberation war

On the night of 25 March 1971, after the start of genocide by Pakistan, a camp was established in Ghughudanga with the Bengalis of Dinajpur, Army, EPR, police, 1500 freedom fighters, 22 vehicles and with many weapons. The public and private officers and common people of Dinajpur town took shelter in Ghughudanga Zamindar bari, for fear of the murderous Pakistani Army. The members of the Zamindar family provided for the food and other needs of all the freedom fighters, officers and common people. When Pakistani military came towards Ghughudanga, the members of the Zamindar family and all the common people left Ghughudanga and took refuge in India after crossing the international border. In revenge for helping the freedom fighters, the Pakistani military destroyed this ancient Ghughudanga house. After independence of Bangladesh, family members of Zamindar family returned to Bangladesh.

Clan  Identity

The Ghughudanga Zamindar lineage was established by Nabir Mohammad. He came to Patharghata from Jalpaiguri by river for the purpose of business and  along with 500 seesa, he established his home and he established his rice business in Kalkata's Chitpur. His son Ful Mohammad Chowdhury bought many estates and from Patharghata he established his Zamindari Cottage.

Prominent personalities

Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury

References

Dinajpur District, Bangladesh
Zamindari estates

Ghughu-danga Zamindar Bari


Lead glass, also known as lead crystal, is a type of glass that has lead in it. Normal glass has calcium oxide in it, while lead glass changes the calcium oxide with lead(II) oxide. It looks nice because the lead is very large and heavy and changes how the glass looks. Lead glass rings when tapped while ordinary glass does not. This glass can absorb some X-rays. It is very insulating.

It contains between 18 to 40% of lead (II) oxide by weight. Any glass that contains at least 24% PbO by weight is referred to as "lead crystal". Any glass that contains less than 24% PbO by weight is referred to as "crystal glass". Lead glass has a chemical composition of silicon and lead oxides, with other elements added to get colours or properties.

Lead glass is also known as X-ray glass or radiation shielding glass as one of its major applications is in the absorbance of high energy radiation while maintaining optical transparency. The presence and quantity of PbO are what determines some of lead glass' most important optical and physical properties.

Applications of lead glass
The properties of lead glass make it useful for many applications. Here are a few examples:

 In the medical and research fields where visibility is required during procedures or experiments that involve radiation, lead glass can achieve the same radiation attenuation as the surrounding walls or barriers while allowing visibility to the operator. A typical example is the viewing window of an X-ray room or a laboratory experimenting with radioactive materials.
 The high refractive index of lead glass is useful for the production of lenses as thinner lenses can be crafted to achieve similar focal lengths to ordinary ophthalmic glass. Lead glass is thus used for special medical glasses, binoculars, microscopes and telescopes.
 Digital projectors use lead glass because it has a high level of transmission over short wavelengths, which is typical of projector laser beams. Further, the temperature rise caused by the light source does not distort the image projected by lead glass because it has a lower thermal conductivity than lead-free glass.
 It is useful in instruments that operate in the near-ultraviolet region and the near-infrared region as in bio-fluorescence, gene analyses, spectrometry and telecommunication.
 Lead glass is used in laser optics for printing and photocopying technologies.

References

Glass
Lead compounds

Lead glass


Cyprian Lansiquot is a Saint Lucian lawyer and politician. He was a Labour Party member of the House of Assembly of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006 and served as a parliamentary secretary.

Private career
Lansiquot has a diploma and a post-graduate diploma in agriculture from the University of the West Indies and has worked as an agricultural officer. He received a law degree from the University of Wolverhampton in 2004, was called to the Bar of England and Wales in November 2010, and joined the Saint Lucia Bar Association the following month.

Politician

Lansiquot was elected for the Anse-la-Raye/Canaries constituency in the 1997 national elections, in which the Labour Party won a majority government. In May 1997, he was appointed by incoming prime minister Kenny Anthony as parliamentary secretary to the minister of communications, works, transport and public utilities. He held this position for the next five years, having won a second parliamentary mandate in 2001, and later served as parliamentary secretary to the minister of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries from 2002 to 2006.

Lansiquot fended off a high-profile challenge by trade union leader David Demacque for the Anse-la-Raye/Canaries Labour nomination in early 2006. The Labour Party was defeated in that year's general election, and Lansiquot narrowly lost his seat to Keith Mondesir of the United Workers Party.

Electoral record

References

Living people
Members of the House of Assembly of Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia Labour Party politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)

Cyprian Lansiquot


King Worldwide is a New Zealand record manufacturing plant run by Peter King. It specialises in cutting polycarbonate records using a lathe technique, as opposed to the traditional vinyl material. The operation began in the late 1980s in the town of Geraldine, and as such, King's records are sometimes referred to as "Geraldine pressings". Due to this unique production process, King worldwide specialises in small-run pressings in editions as low as 20.

King Worldwide has been commissioned to produce records for artists such as Pavement, Lee Ranaldo, Alastair Galbraith, The Dead C, David Kilgour, Thela, Rosy Parlane, No-Neck Blues Band, Tarantel, The Enright House, Experimental Audio Research, Doctor Freakinstein, Of Arrowe Hill, Reynols, Jad Fair, Six Organs of Admittance, Birchville Cat Motel, Acid Mothers Temple, Beastie Boys, Meterman and Harry Pussy.

See also
 List of record labels

External links
http://www.peterkinglathecutrecords.co.nz - The official  website for King Records Worldwide with contact and ordering information.

New Zealand record labels
Alternative rock record labels

King Worldwide


In graph theory, the Tutte matrix A of a graph G = (V, E) is a matrix used to determine the existence of a perfect matching: that is, a set of edges which is incident with each vertex exactly once.

If the set of vertices is  then the Tutte matrix is an n × n matrix A with entries

where the xij are indeterminates.  The determinant of this skew-symmetric matrix is then a polynomial (in the variables xij, i < j ): this coincides with the square of the pfaffian of the matrix A and is non-zero (as a polynomial) if and only if a perfect matching exists.  (This polynomial is not the Tutte polynomial of G.)

The Tutte matrix is named after W. T. Tutte, and is a generalisation of the Edmonds matrix for a balanced bipartite graph.

References

Algebraic graph theory
Matching (graph theory)
Matrices

Tutte matrix


In probability theory, a telescoping Markov chain (TMC) is a vector-valued stochastic process that satisfies a Markov property and admits a hierarchical format through a network of transition matrices with cascading dependence.

For any  consider the set of spaces . The hierarchical process  defined in the product-space

is said to be a TMC if there is a set of transition probability kernels  such that

  is a Markov chain with transition probability matrix

 there is a cascading dependence in every level of the hierarchy,
       for all
  satisfies a Markov property with a transition kernel that can be written in terms of the 's,

 where  and

Markov processes

Telescoping Markov chain


The St. George Theatre is a performing arts venue, picture palace, and office complex at 35 Hyatt Street in St. George, on the North Shore of Staten Island, New York City. The 2,800-seat St. George Theatre was built for Staten Island theater operator Solomon Brill and opened on December 4, 1929. Today, the theatre has 1,903 seats.

Eugene De Rosa was the St. George Theatre's main architect, and was assisted by Staten Island resident James Whitford, the "dean of Staten Island architects". The ornate interior of the St. George Theatre was designed by Nestor Castro. The interior is a variety of Spanish and Italian Baroque styles. The movie and vaudeville house outshone most of its competitors, including Manhattan's Capitol Theater on Broadway.

The theatre was renovated in 2004. A variety of activities, including educational programs, architectural tours, television and film shoots, concerts, comedy, Broadway touring companies, and children's shows take place there.

History
Construction started in 1928. The theater was built for Solomon Brill, who owned several other theaters on the Island and 15 in the greater New York area. He envisioned the St. George as a show house to rival Manhattan's cinema palaces, and promised to bring top-of-the-line vaudeville to the borough for 75 cents a ticket. The theater opened on December 4, 1929, at a cost of $2 million, $500,000 of which was for the theater. Brill sold the theater within three years to William Fox, namesake of Fox Television Stations and 21st Century Fox.

Fabian Theatres, a movie theatre chain, owned and operated the St. George Theatre as its flagship on Staten Island in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. Visitors to the St. George Theatre today who utilize the men's room on the main level are actually in what was once the district office for Fabian Theatres in 1965. In the late 1960s, the Fabian chain was broken up; the theatre was operated by Fabian's former general manager until 1975.

When that organization departed, the theatre was leased to a Staten Island concern, Victoria Theatres. It was the plan of these young entrepreneurs to return the theatre to its roots: live stage shows and concerts integrated with film. For the first time since the 1950s, the St. George stage was used as a presentation stage, and not simply as a base for its massive movie screen. Although Victoria Theatres only operated the St. George for approximately a year—from April 1976 to February 1977, Sly Stone, Chaka Kahn, and Lester Flatt represented the broad diversity of music acts who graced the St. George's stage during that period.

In 1978, the St. George Theatre ended its life as a movie house. Several entrepreneurs tried to revive it as a dinner theater, a nightclub and an antiques showroom but none were successful. In the mid 90s - early 00s, it was rented by local dance studios for their yearly recitals, including "Mrs. Rosemary's Dance Studio". Others tried their hands at revival and renovation, but it was finally Rosemary Cappozalo, lovingly known as "Mrs. Rosemary", along with her daughters Luanne Sorrentino and Doreen Cugno, began a not-for-profit organization in 2004 to save the historic theatre. Since the theatre reopened in June 2004, over 1000 events have taken place there. In mid-2017, the theater closed for a $5.2 million, several-month-long renovation to renovate the mezzanine seating and add a LED marquee.

Design
The main architect for the theatre was Eugene De Rosa. He was assisted by Staten Island resident James Whitford, who was known as the "dean of Staten Island architects." Whitford also designed the Ritz, Liberty and Victory theaters, none of which exist today. The ornate interior of the St. George Theatre was designed by Nestor Castro, the art director for the Libman-Spanjer Corporation, which designed the interiors of many theaters in the Times Square area.

The theatre's Spanish and Italian Baroque revival style interior was designed by Nestor Castro. The theatre has unobstructed seating, a $25,000 Wurlitzer organ, an advanced cooling and heating system, one of the largest cantilevered balconies ever built, velvet seats, gilded balconies, and grand staircases. Either because or in spite of the theatre's ornate interior—decorative gold plasterwork, stained glass and ironwork—the St. George is noted for near-perfect acoustics. It is not uncommon, to this day, for a performer to stand beneath its six-story proscenium and remark on how beautiful the theatre looks and sounds. It is possible to stand center stage and hold a room-level conversation with someone in the upper balcony, six stories away without raising one's voice.

Even though generations of Staten Islanders refer to or remember the St. George as a movie palace, the original 2,876 seat structure was planned as part of the Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) vaudeville circuit. Only when the theatre was nearly complete in 1929 was a projection booth and spotlight stand contrived by the architects and added to the theatre's interior.

Use
The first movie to be shown at the St. George Theatre was So This Is College which was a 1929 M-G-M production that starred Eddie Nugent, Robert Montgomery and Cliff Edwards. Famous performers such as Al Jolson, Kate Smith and Guy Lombardo performed on the theatre's stage.

Ringo Starr, Tony Bennett, Judy Collins, k.d. lang, Chris Daughtry, Garrison Keillor, David Cassidy, Davy Jones, Adam Lambert, Carl Palmer, Cyndi Lauper, Air Supply, The B-52's, Don McLean, Art Garfunkel, Wayne Newton, Tony Orlando, Liza Minnelli, Yes, Kansas, Steve Hackett, Dennis DeYoung, Neil Sedaka, Taylor Hicks, Melissa Etheridge, Bret Michaels, Donny Osmond, Diana Ross, REO Speedwagon, Plain White T's, and the Jonas Brothers have all performed there. Top comics who have appeared include Jerry Seinfeld, Kevin James, Rosie O'Donnell, Colin Jost, Michael Che, Colin Quinn, Lily Tomlin, Louis C.K., Jerry Lewis, John Mulaney, Joan Rivers, Chris Rock, John Pinette, Pete Davidson, Jim Belushi, Steve Martin, Bill Cosby, Eric D'Alessandro.

The finale of the 2003 film School of Rock was filmed at the St. George Theatre. In December 2008, the television show Gossip Girl filmed scenes at the theater for the 2009 episode "You've Got Yale!" in which the theater was used for scenes at an opera. Steven Spielberg's NBC television show Smash used the theatre for filming in the 2012 season. In January 2014, the St. George Theatre was part of VH1's concert series "Super Bowl Blitz: Six Nights + Six Concerts". In 2015, the Harbor Lights Theater Company of Staten Island presented Gypsy with Sally Mayes. In September 2016, Sophia Loren's tour "An Evening With Sophia Loren" included the St. George Theatre.

References

External links

St. George Theatre, cinematreasures.com
St. George Theatre, NewYorkCityTheatre.com

Theatres in Staten Island
Tourist attractions in Staten Island
Theatres completed in 1929
Spanish Revival architecture in the United States
Music venues in New York City
Vaudeville theaters
Movie palaces
St. George, Staten Island
1929 establishments in New York City

St. George Theatre


The University of New South Wales (UNSW), also known as UNSW Sydney, is a public research university based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the founding members of Group of Eight, a coalition of Australian research-intensive universities.

Established in 1949, UNSW is a research university and a member of Universitas 21, a global network of research universities. It has international exchange and research partnerships with over 200 universities around the world. UNSW is best known in the field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and ranked highly in both domestic and international university-ranking tables.

The university comprises seven faculties, through which it offers bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. The main campus is in the Eastern Suburbs in the suburb of Kensington,  from the Sydney central business district (CBD). The creative arts faculty, UNSW Art & Design, is located in Paddington, and subcampuses are located in the Sydney CBD as well as several other suburbs, including Randwick and Coogee. Research stations are located throughout the state of New South Wales.

The university's second largest campus, known as UNSW Canberra at ADFA (formerly known as UNSW at ADFA), abbreviated to UNSW Canberra, is situated in Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). ADFA is the military academy of the Australian Defence Force, and UNSW Canberra is the only national academic institution with a defence focus.

History

Foundation

The origins of the university can be traced to the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts established in 1833 and the Sydney Technical College established in 1878. These institutions were established to meet the growing demand for capabilities in new technologies as the New South Wales economy shifted from its pastoral base to industries fueled by the industrial age.

The idea of founding the university originated from the crisis demands of World War II, during which the nation's attention was drawn to the critical role that science and technology played in transforming an agricultural society into a modern and industrial one. The post-war Labor government of New South Wales recognised the increasing need to have a university specialised in training high-quality engineers and technology-related professionals in numbers beyond that of the capacity and characteristics of the existing University of Sydney. This led to the proposal to establish the Institute of Technology, submitted by the then-New South Wales Minister for Education Bob Heffron, accepted on 9 July 1946.

The university, originally named the "New South Wales University of Technology", gained its statutory status through the enactment of the New South Wales University of Technology Act 1949 (NSW) by the Parliament of New South Wales in Sydney in 1949.

Early years
In March 1948, classes commenced with a first intake of 46 students pursuing programs including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, mining engineering, and electrical engineering. At that time, the thesis programs were innovative. Each course embodied a specified and substantial period of practical training in the relevant industry. It was also unprecedented for tertiary institutions at that time to include compulsory instruction in humanities.

Initially, the university operated from the inner Sydney Technical College city campus in Ultimo as a separate institution from the college. However, in 1951, the Parliament of New South Wales passed the New South Wales University of Technology (Construction) Act 1951 (NSW) to provide funding and allow buildings to be erected at the Kensington site where the university is now located.

The lower campus area of the Kensington campus was vested in the university in two lots, in December 1952 and June 1954. The upper campus area was vested in the university in November 1959.

Expansion
In 1958, the university's name was changed to the "University of New South Wales" reflecting a transformation from a technology-based institution to a generalist university. In 1960, the faculties of arts and medicine were established, with the faculty of law coming into being in 1971.

The university's first director was Arthur Denning (1949–1952), who made important contributions to founding the university. In 1953, he was replaced by Philip Baxter, who continued as vice-chancellor when this position's title was changed in 1955. Baxter's dynamic, if authoritarian, management was central to the university's first 20 years. His visionary, but at times controversial, energies saw the university grow from a handful to 15,000 students by 1968. The new vice-chancellor, Rupert Myers (1969–1981), brought consolidation and an urbane management style to a period of expanding student numbers, demand for change in university style, and challenges of student unrest.

In 1962, the academic book publishing company University of New South Wales Press was launched. Now an ACNC not-for-profit entity, it has three divisions: NewSouth Publishing (the publishing arm of the company), NewSouth Books (the sales, marketing and distribution part of the company), and the UNSW Bookshop, situated at the Kensington campus.

The stabilising techniques of the 1980s managed by the vice-chancellor, Michael Birt (1981–1992), provided a firm base for the energetic corporatism and campus enhancements pursued by the subsequent vice-chancellor, John Niland (1992–2002). The 1990s had the addition of fine arts to the university. The university established colleges in Newcastle (1951) and Wollongong (1961), which eventually became the University of Newcastle and the University of Wollongong in 1965 and 1975, respectively.

The former St George Institute of Education (part of the short-lived Sydney College of Advanced Education) amalgamated with the university from 1 January 1990, resulting in the formation of a School of Teacher Education at the former SGIE campus at Oatley. A School of Sports and Leisure Studies and a School of Arts and Music Education were also subsequently based at St George. The campus was closed in 1999.

Recent history
In 2012, private sources contributed 45% of the university's annual funding.

In 2010, the Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Australia's first facility to bring together researchers in childhood and adult cancer, costing $127 million, opened.

In 2003, the university was invited by Singapore's Economic Development Board to consider opening a campus there. Following a 2004 decision to proceed, the first phase of a planned $200 m campus opened in 2007. Students and staff were sent home and the campus closed after one semester following substantial financial losses.

In 2008, it collaborated with two other universities in forming The Centre for Social Impact.  In 2019, the university moved to a trimester timetable as part of UNSW's 2025 Strategy. Under the trimester timetable, the study load changed from offering four subjects per 13-week semester, to three subjects per 10-week term. The change to trimesters has been widely criticised by staff and students as a money-making move, with little consideration as to the well-being of students.

In 2012, UNSW Press celebrated its 50th anniversary and launched the UNSW Bragg Prize for Science Writing. The annual Best Australian Science Writing anthology contains the winning and shortlisted entries among a collection of the year's best writing from Australian authors, journalists and scientists and is published annually in the NewSouth imprint under a different editorship. The UNSW Press Bragg Student Prize celebrates excellence in science writing by Australian high school students and is supported by the Copyright Agency Cultural Fund and UNSW Science.

In the 2019 Student Experience Survey, the University of New South Wales recorded the lowest student satisfaction rating out of all Australian universities, with an overall satisfaction rating of 62.9, which was lower than the overall national average of 78.4. UNSW's low student satisfaction numbers for 2019 was attributed to the university's switch to a trimester system. In the 2021 Student Experience Survey, the University of New South Wales recorded the lowest student satisfaction rating out of all New South Wales universities, and the second lowest nationwide behind the University of Melbourne, with an overall satisfaction rating of 66.9, which was lower than the overall national average of 73.

On 15 July 2020, the university announced 493 job cuts and a 25 percent reduction in management due to the effects of COVID-19 and a $370 million budget shortfall.

In October 2021, UNSW established Mentem by UNSW to help organisations upskill and reskill their workforces. Mentem helps organisation achieve strategic goals and measures completion and success rates through their bespoke insights platform. In September 2022 Mentem won Best in Class at the Australian Good Design awards for the work with Department of regional NSW government, creating a learning program to uplift staff in digital literacy.

In May 2022, UNSW announced the university had received a $4.7 million in funding in order to pursue health prevention research. The funding aims to fund research on infectious diseases, drug and alcohol use and primary health care. Announced as part of NSW Health's Prevention Research Support Program (PRSP), the research is designed to support NWS research organisations conducting prevention and early intervention research.

Controversies
 Corpse abuse: In 2007, UNSW publicly apologised after a police probe revealed that bodies donated to train surgeons were possibly fondled by a member of the staff.

 Hong Kong social media post deletion: In August 2020, after the Chinese government cracked down on liberties in Hong Kong, the UNSW posted a tweet promoting a call by Elaine Pearson (a human rights expert and adjunct law lecturer at the university) for the United Nations to take steps on human rights violations in Hong Kong. Chinese state-owned media, as well as some Chinese students, responded with anger, and UNSW then deleted the tweet.  The deletion of the tweet was condemned by many Australian Federal MPs as a violation of free-speech principles. Chinese-Australian artist Badiucao also suggested that pro-democracy Chinese students were living in 'fear'. UNSW vice-chancellor Ian Jacobs issued an apology, saying that the decision to remove the tweet was a "mistake"; that the university was "does not take official political positions"; and that he "unequivocally" reaffirmed the university's "previous commitment to freedom of expression and academic freedom." The university came under fire for an Chinese-language message sent by UNSW Global's CEO, Laurie Pearcey, two days earlier.  That message failed to make any mention of freedom of speech and did not describe the deletion of the post as a "mistake"; this prompted Federal MPs to accuse the university of sending mixed messages.

 Research misconduct: In October 2021, UNSW launched an investigative review after claims of research misconduct on studies pertaining to ageing were made.

Symbols
The grant of arms was made by the College of Arms on 3 March 1952. The grant reads:
Argent on a Cross Gules a Lion passant guardant between four Mullets of eight points Or a Chief Sable charged with an open Book proper thereon the word "SCIENTIA" in letters also sable.
The lion and the four stars of the Southern Cross on the St George's Cross have reference to the State of New South Wales which established the university; the open book with scientia ("knowledge") across its pages is a reminder of its purpose. The placement of scientia on the book was inspired by its appearance on the arms of Imperial College London formed in 1907. Beneath the shield are the Latin words within a scroll: "Corde Manu et Mente" ("heart, hand and mind"), which when combined with scientia forms the Latin motto of the university: Scientia Corde Manu et Mente or 'Knowledge by heart, hand and mind'. Following the rules of English heraldry, the motto does not form part of the original grant of arms from 1952, and consequently does not require the formal alteration of the original grant by the College of Arms. The original motto of the university from 1952, however was Scientia Manu et Mente ("Knowledge by hand and mind"), which used the earlier motto of the Sydney Technical College (Manu et Mente or 'by hand and mind') from which the university developed. In 2021, the motto was changed with approval from the College of Arms to its current form to reflect the university's brand concept of 'collective difference'.

An update of the design and colours of the arms was undertaken in 1970, which provided a more contemporary design, yet retained all the arms' heraldic associations. In 1994, the university title was added to the UNSW arms, as was the abbreviation "UNSW", to create the UNSW symbol that is used for everyday and marketing purposes. In late 2013, the university launched a new change to the business name used in all branding and marketing as "UNSW Australia". In January 2017, this was changed again to "UNSW Sydney", with the ADFA Canberra campus changed to "UNSW Canberra". The official name of the university, which requires an amending act of Parliament to the University of New South Wales Act 1989 to alter, is unchanged.

The ceremonial mace of the university is made of stainless steel with silver facings and a shaft of eumung timber. On the head are mounted four silver shields, two engraved with the arms of the State of New South Wales and two with the original-design arms of the university. A silver Waratah, NSW's floral emblem, surmounts the head. The mace was donated to the university by BHP and was presented by the company's chairman, Colin Syme, on 6 December 1962. A former NSW Government Architect, Cobden Parkes, was appointed as the first official mace-bearer.

Campuses

The main UNSW campus, where most faculties are situated, is  located on a  site in Kensington, Sydney. UNSW Art & Design is located in the inner suburb of Paddington.

The main UNSW campus in Kensington is divided geographically into two areas: upper campus and lower campus, which were vested to the university in three separate lots. These two are separated mainly by an elevation rise between the quadrangle and the Scientia building. Roughly 15 minutes are needed to walk from one end to the other.

UNSW Canberra at ADFA (formerly known as UNSW at ADFA), abbreviated to UNSW Canberra, is situated in Canberra. Its students are from the military academy known as ADFA, who are in training for the Australian Defence Force, and as such has an integrated defence focus, with particular strengths in defence-related, security and engineering research.

The university also has additional campuses and field stations in Randwick, Coogee, Botany, Dee Why, Cowan, Manly Vale, Fowlers Gap, Port Macquarie, Wagga Wagga, Albury, Coffs Harbour, Griffith, and Bankstown Airport.

Research centres
The university has a number of purpose-built research facilities, including:

UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre is Australia's first facility bringing together researchers in childhood and adult cancers, as well as one of the country's largest cancer-research facilities, housing up to 400 researchers.
The Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre is a centre for the faculties of science, medicine, and engineering. It is used to study the structure and composition of biological, chemical, and physical materials.
UNSW Canberra Cyber is a cyber-security research and teaching centre.
The Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management (SARCCM) has a multidisciplinary focus, and works collaboratively with the Ocean University of China in coastal management research.

Venues and other facilities

A number of theatre and music venues are at the university, many of which are available for hire to the general public. The UNSW Fitness and Aquatic Centre provides health and fitness facilities and services to both students and the general public.

Governance

The university is governed by the university council, which is responsible for acting on the university's behalf to promote its objectives and interests. The council comprises 15 members, including the chancellor, vice-chancellor, president of the academic board, two members appointed by the minister for education, five members appointed by the council, three members elected by university staff and two student-elected members.

The principal academic body is the academic board, which receives advice on academic matters from the faculties, college (Australian Defence Force Academy), and the boards of studies. It is responsible for academic policy setting, academic strategy via its eight standing committees, approval and delivery of programs, and academic standards. The board comprises 59 members, including the vice-chancellor, members of the executive team, deans and faculty presiding members, members elected from the academic staff, and six from the student body. The board advises the vice-chancellor and council on matters relating to teaching, scholarship and research and takes decisions on delegation from the council.

The chief executive officer of the university is the president and vice-chancellor, currently Attila Brungs. The deputy vice-chancellors and pro-vice-chancellors form part of an executive team that are responsible for academic operations, research policy, research management, quality assurance and external relations, including philanthropy and advancement.

Each of the faculties has its respective board, which are responsible for the teaching and examining of subjects within their scope.

Faculties

The university has six faculties:

UNSW Faculty of Arts, Design & Architecture
UNSW Faculty of Business
UNSW Faculty of Engineering
UNSW Faculty of Law & Justice
UNSW Faculty of Medicine & Health
UNSW Faculty of Science
UNSW Canberra at ADFA

The university also has an association with the National Institute of Dramatic Art.

University rankings

Overall
In the 2024 QS World University Rankings, UNSW is ranked 19th globally (joint 2nd in Australia) and ranked 45th in the world for academic reputation. In the 2023 SCImago Institutions Rankings, UNSW is ranked 62nd in the world overall and 48th in the world for Research: In the 2023 U.S. News & World Report (USNWR) Best Global University Ranking UNSW is ranked 37th best university in the world and 45th globally in Economics and Business. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2022 placed UNSW 70th in the world. In the 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities, UNSW is ranked 64th in the world, 4th in Australia and 2nd in New South Wales. In the 2023 University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) World Rankings, UNSW is ranked 35th in the world and 4th in Australia. In the 2023 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, UNSW is ranked 45th globally and is also ranked 43rd in the world for Economics and Business subjects.According to the 2022 U-Multirank World University Rankings by the European Commission, UNSW is ranked 31st in the world for Research and also ranked 5th in Australia across Teaching, Research, Knowledge Transfer, International Orientation and Regional Engagement. In the 2023 Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, UNSW is ranked 38th in the world (1st in Australia). The Australian Good Universities Guide 2014 scored UNSW 5-star ratings across 10 categories, more than any other Australian university. Monash University ranked second with seven five stars, followed by ANU, Melbourne University and the University of Western Australia with six each.

Subject
According to the 2023 QS World University Rankings by Subject, UNSW is ranked 16th in the world for Civil and Structural Engineering (1st in Australia), 21st in the world for Accounting and Finance (1st in Australia), 13th in the world for Law (2nd in Australia), and 49th in the world for Engineering and Technology (1st in Australia).

According to the 2022 Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject, UNSW is ranked 46th in the world (1st in Australia) for Engineering, 55th in the world for Business and Economics (4th in Australia), and 24th in the world (2nd in Australia) for Law.

In the 2023 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects by Academic Ranking of World Universities, UNSW has 19 subjects in the top 50. UNSW subjects featured in the rankings include Water Resources (13th in the world), Civil Engineering (30th in the world), Library and Information Science (46th in the world), Remote Sensing (17th in the world), Finance (36th in the world), Business Administration (32nd in the World) and Management (51-75th Category).

In the 2023 URAP's field rankings, UNSW is ranked 10th in the world for Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services and 12th globally for Business.

In the SCImago subject ranking for 2023, UNSW is ranked 9th in the world for Business, Management and Accounting, 9th in the world for Law and 25th in the world for Economics, Econometrics and Finance etc.

In the 2022 Korea University Business School Worldwide Business Research Rankings UNSW is ranked 1st worldwide for Finance, 13th in the world for Accounting and 20th globally for Management. In the 2023 University of Nebraska–Lincoln Global Research Rankings of Actuarial Science and Risk Management & Insurance, UNSW's School of Risk and Actuarial Studies is ranked 1st globally. In the 2023 CFAR Rankings by Olin Business School at Washington University in St. Louis, UNSW is ranked 22nd in the world for Finance and 12th in the world for Business by Total Outcome/Output Indicator of Research Excellence. The 2023 W. P. Carey School of Business Finance Research Rankings places UNSW 30th in the world for Finance amongst the World's Leading Finance Departments. In the 2023 Australian Financial Review Best Business School rankings of Australian Universities, UNSW is ranked 1st in Australia among 37 Universities listed.UNSW also records 12 spinouts and 47 patent applications in the most recent report as the region's leading start-up university, the most recent 2022 Survey of Commercialisation Outcomes from Public Research (SCOPR) Summary Report reveals

Graduates
UNSW has produced more millionaires than any other Australian university, according to the Spear's Wealth Management Survey in 2016.

Engineers Australia ranked UNSW as having the highest number of graduates in "Australia's Top 100 Influential Engineers 2013" list at 23%, followed by Monash University at 8%, the University of Western Australia, University of Sydney and the University of Queensland at 7%.

Selection and entry
Entry to a particular undergraduate degree program generally requires a certain Australian Tertiary Admission Rank, which varies by course. Some programs also take into account, in addition to a particular ATAR mark, performance in specialised tests, such as the Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test for medicine and the Law Admission Test for law.

In 2017, UNSW enrolled the highest number of Australia's top 500 high school students academically.

In 2019, UNSW had the most first preferences for high school students in the state of New South Wales.

The university offers a bonus points scheme, "HSC Plus", which awards up to a maximum of 5 points for performance in year 12 Australian Senior Secondary Certificate courses relevant to UNSW undergraduate degrees. The scheme does not apply to actuarial studies, law, medicine or psychology.

UNSW offers several scholarships and support programs to high achieving students. The Co-op program is a scholarship and industry engagement program awarded to students across many programs in the built environment, engineering, science and the Australian School of Business. Students usually enter the program after an application and interview while in their final year of high school. The university also offers Scientia Scholarships to a number of commencing students who performed exceptionally in the Higher School Certificate, which provide funding of $10,000 per year for the duration of the student's program. This is different from the Scientia PhD scholarship, which awards PhD scholarship with a package of $50,000 per annum, comprising a tax-free living allowance of $40,000 per annum for 4 years, and a support package of up to $10,000 per annum.

UNSW also offers a mature age entry scheme, the University Preparation Program for students age 20 or older, that can provide the requirements for entry into UNSW or other universities.

Student life

Accommodation
The university has a number of residential accommodation options, including Philip Baxter College, Basser College, Goldstein College, Fig Tree Hall, Colombo House, UNSW Hall, New College and New College Village, Warrane College; International House; Shalom College, and Creston College, and UNSW Village.

Study abroad
The university has overseas exchange programs with over 250 overseas partner institutions. These include Princeton University, McGill University, Penn State University, University of Pennsylvania (inc. Wharton), Duke University, Johns Hopkins University, Brown University, Columbia University (summer law students only), University of California Berkeley, University of California Santa Cruz (inc. Baskin), UCLA, University of Michigan (inc. Ross), New York University (inc. Stern), University of Virginia, Mississippi State University, Cornell University, University of Connecticut, Alfred University, University of Texas at Austin (inc. McCombs), Maastricht University, University of Padua, University College London (law students only), University of Nottingham, Imperial College London, London School of Economics and ETH Zurich.

Student projects
Students of the university are involved in a number of projects, including:
Sunswift Solar Racing Team, who hold the FIA world record for the fastest electric car over a  distance and in 2015 are creating Australia's first road legal solar car to adhere to Australian Design Rules.
 rUNSWift, the university's team in the international RoboCup Standard Platform League competition, is the most successful team in the world with wins in 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2014 as well as coming second in 1999, 2002, 2006 and 2010.
BLUEsat Satellite (development in progress)
Impact Engineers are a group of cross disciplinary humanitarian engineers aspiring to make a difference to the world's developing communities. Impact Engineers currently focus their efforts in rural Sri Lanka however over the next three to five years, they will expand to launch projects across multiple developing countries
 UNSW Redback RacingUNSW's entrant into the SAE-Australasia Formula SAE-A Competition (National winners in 2000)
 The MAVSTAR (Micro Aerial Vehicles for Search, Tracking And Reconnaissance) project to develop a team of cooperative micro aerial and unmanned ground vehicles.
 The Developing Country Project Second year thesis students doing Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering are able to get involved. The project aims to assist villagers in developing countries to gain access to electricity to satisfy their energy needs in a clean and sustainable manner.
 iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine) a worldwide synthetic biology competition. BABS UNSW entered their first team in 2015.

Arc @ UNSW Limited

Arc @ UNSW Limited is the student organisation at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and is a not-for-profit public company.

In 2005, the Federal Parliament passed legislation making membership of student unions voluntary for the first time. This policy, known as voluntary student unionism (VSU), threatened the funding model behind the four UNSW student organisations with compulsory membership provisions.  A report commissioned by the university administration recommended that three of those organisations – the Student Guild of Undergraduates and Postgraduates, the University of New South Wales Union and the College of Fine Arts Students' Association – merge into a single student organisation, a structure in use at the University of Melbourne.
Arc was established on 15 August 2006 and launched early the following year, taking over the functions of three existing student organisations, the UNSW Student Guild, UNSW Union, and COFA Students' Association.

The organisation supports the activities of student clubs, student volunteer programs such as orientation week, student publications, two student galleries (Kudos Gallery and AD Space), and houses an elected student representative council. Arc operates the Roundhouse entertainment venue, the Graduation & Gift Store on UNSW's main campus in Kensington, and until recently, The Whitehouse bar and café which shut down permanently on 23 April 2021. Arc also operates a student support service, providing legal and academic advocacy. Arc@UNSW exists independently from UNSW.

Arc has three constitutional student bodies:
 the Student Development Committee (SDC) – supporting clubs, volunteer programs, courses and activities,
 the Postgraduate Council (PGC) – representing the postgraduate community at UNSW and
 an elected Student Representative Council (SRC)

The student organisation is a major service provider on campus, running a number of retail outlets, student media such as Tharunka and an entertainment venue, the Roundhouse. The Arc Student Representative Council represents students to the university and nationally and fights for their rights. Arc also provides support and funding to university clubs and societies and runs student volunteer programs such as Orientation Week.

In 2007, the University of New South Wales Sports Association and UNSW Lifestyle Centre merged to become UNSW Sport and Recreation then later absorbed into Arc @ UNSW to become Arc Sport.  It runs the external sporting facilities and services and supports the 30 UNSW affiliated sporting clubs that compete both at home and abroad.

Blitz
Blitz is a student publication, published online by Arc @ UNSW, based at the University of New South Wales. Blitz under this name first appeared in session 2, 1988, but a similar "what's on" style publication had been issued by the then University Union since the early 1970s. Initially it consisted of a simple sheet or two of paper, but it evolved into a magazine style format in session two 1994 when a former editor from another student publication on campus, Tharunka, was hired to found a weekly "what's on" magazine. Blitz sometimes pays casual contributors for submitted articles and photographs, and employs a student online editor, a student designer, a student TV producer and a student radio producer.

Blitz typically covers the goings-on around campus and conducts interviews and publishes stories relating to current student activities. It widely publicises Arc services and activities on campus. Due to its non-partisan policy, it does not cover political issues, with the exception of voluntary student unionism. However, in 2004 an edition of Blitz was withdrawn by the student union because it contained a guide to rolling a joint. The editor Janet Duncan claimed there had been censorship of her editorial in the following issue. Arc @ UNSW announced that the organisation would continue to publish the magazine after the introduction of voluntary student unionism in 2007.

Tharunka

Tharunka, meaning  "message stick" in the language of the Aboriginal people local to the area, is a student newspaper originally published by the UNSW Students Union from 1953 until 1992, when that body was replaced by the University of New South Wales Student Guild. The Guild published Tharunka from 1993 until 2006 and the successor student organisation, Arc @ UNSW Limited, continued the publication of Tharunka from 2007.

Tharunka is managed by a small editorial team and actively solicits contributions from the UNSW student body. Including staff wages, the publication's budget is under $50,000 per year.

Engagement with secondary and primary school students

UNSW engages with primary and secondary education, administering several national and international academic competitions for school age children. These include:
 The Australian Schools Science Competition – International Competitions and Assessments for Schools (ICAS) is conducted by Educational Assessment Australia, UNSW Global Pty Limited. UNSW Global is a not-for-profit provider of education, training and consulting services and a wholly owned enterprise of the University of New South Wales. It provides exams for students in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, South Africa, Indonesia, Hong Kong, India and the Pacific region. It caters to students from year 3 (Australia) through year 12, examining skills in English, mathematics, science, computers, writing and spelling.
 International Competitions and Assessments for Schools-Mathematics – International Competitions and Assessments for Schools (ICAS). From 2003 to 2005, ICAS-Mathematics was called Australasian Schools Mathematics Assessment. Prior to 2003, it was known as the Primary Schools Mathematics Competition and was targeted at primary schools.
 The UNSW School Mathematics Competition – Since 1962, the School of Mathematics and Statistics has run the UNSW School Mathematics Competition. This competition is a three-hour open book olympiad-style exam designed to assess mathematical insight and ingenuity rather than efficiency in tackling routine examples.  Competition results are used as part of the assessment criteria for some university scholarships awarded by the UNSW School of Mathematics and Statistics.
 The UNSW COMPUTING ProgComp – Since 1997, The School of Computer Science and Engineering (UNSW COMPUTING) has run the UNSW COMPUTING ProgComp. This competition has the overall aim of raising awareness amongst high school students of the craft of programming and to encourage students to develop and apply their computing knowledge and skills.
  The UNSW COMPUTING Robotics Workshops – UNSW School of Computer Science and Engineering (UNSW COMPUTING) has developed specialised robotic workshops for school students. They focus on the use of the Lego NXT technology combined with the popular RoboCup Junior competition for schools. UNSW COMPUTING is also a national and NSW state sponsor of RoboCup Junior.

Educational Assessment Australia
Educational Assessment Australia (EAA) is a not-for-profit organisation previously owned by the University of New South Wales. It was acquired by Janison Education Group on 31 May 2020. It is a national and international educational assessment organisation specialising in large-scale assessment programs including the International Competitions and Assessments for Schools (ICAS) in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, India, South Africa and the Pacific region. EAA also provides scanning, data analysis and reporting services to commercial and educational institutions.

Notable people

Notable alumni include:

Scott Morrison, 30th Prime Minister of Australia
Jordan Shanks, investigative journalist and comedian
Kathryn Campbell, disgraced former Australian public servant and a former senior officer in the Australian Army Reserve
Gladys Berejiklian, former premier of New South Wales
Mark Bouris, CEO of Yellow Brick Road and television personality
Mike Cannon-Brookes, CEO of software company Atlassian
Bob Carr, former Minister of Foreign Affairs and former premier of New South Wales
Campbell Newman, former premier of Queensland
Roger Corbett, former chairman of the Reserve Bank of Australia
Glyn Davis, vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne
John Deeble, architect of Medicare Australia
Tim Flannery, mammalogist, palaeontologist, activist and author
Lucy Turnbull, former lord mayor of Sydney and wife of the 29th Prime Minister of Australia
King Maha Vajiralongkorn of Thailand
Peter Garrett, rock musician, former federal politician
Rebel Wilson, actress, writer, director
Karl Kruszelnicki, scientist and media presenter
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, First Women Director, Indian Statistical Institute and Padmashee Award winner, India
Marise Payne, senator for New South Wales and Minister for Foreign Affairs
Bob Bellear, first indigenous judge
Mehdi Ghazanfari, Minister of Commerce of Iran
Charlie Teo, neurosurgeon
John M. Green, author, publisher and company director
Foo Mee Har, Singaporean MP and global head of priority and international banking, Standard Chartered Bank
David James, former head of diabetes and obesity at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research
Betty Kitchener, founder of mental health first aid
Sussan Ley, Minister for the Environment, member of the House of Representatives
Robert McClelland, former attorney-general of Australia
Cindy May McGuire, Indonesian medical doctor, actress, 2022 G20 Ambassador, beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2022, Miss International 2022.
King Tupou VI of Tonga
Jacqueline McKenzie, prominent Australian film, stage and television actress
Prince Mak, idol group member of Korean boyband JJCC
Hamid Mirzadeh, Iranian politician and academic who is the third and current president of the Islamic Azad University system
Glenn Murcutt, architect
Kerry Nettle, Australian Greens senator
Anne-Marie Schwirtlich, director-general of the National Library of Australia
Matthew Miles, CEO of MS Research Australia
David Wong Dak Wah, chief judge of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak
Shaun Gladwell, visual artist
Richard Ferrero, microbiologist
Barbara Cleveland, contemporary performance artist
Ujjwal Maulik, Computer Scientist, Professor and IEEE Fellow, India
Pranav Mohanlal, Indian actor known for his work in Malayalam films
Mark Taylor, former captain of the Australian cricket team
Usman Khawaja, cricketer
Geoff Lawson, cricketer
Sam Chui, Chinese aviation blogger based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Del Kathryn Barton, visual artist
Mitchell Butel, actor and director
Kerry Chant, Doctor, NSW Chief Health Officer
Sita Chutiphaworakan, Actor and Model Thai

See also
ARC Training Centre for Composites
Initiative

References

Further reading

External links

 University of New South Wales

Universities in Sydney
Universities and colleges established in 1949
1949 establishments in Australia
Group of Eight (Australian universities)
Kensington, New South Wales

University of New South Wales


Arthur Peronneau Hayne (March 12, 1788January 7, 1867) was a United States senator from South Carolina who belonged to the Democratic Party.

Biography
Born in Charleston, March 12, 1788; Hayne was the son of William Hayne, a lowland planter, and his wife Elizabeth Peronneau. Hayne was of English and French Huguenot descent. He pursued classical studies, engaged in business, and served in the War of 1812 as a first lieutenant at Sackets Harbor on Lake Ontario, major of cavalry on the St. Lawrence, and inspector general in 1814. He was brevetted lieutenant colonel for gallant conduct at New Orleans. He studied law with Hon. Thomas Duncan in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was admitted to the bar and practiced, and served in the Florida War as commander of the Tennessee Volunteers and retired from the military in 1820.
Hayne was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and was United States naval agent in the Mediterranean for five years. He declined the Belgian mission as ambassador, and was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Josiah J. Evans and served from May 11, 1858, to December 2, 1858; he was not a candidate to fill the vacancy. Hayne died in Charleston in 1867; interment was in St. Michael's Churchyard, Charleston.

Military career
Arthur Hayne began his military career in 1807. When the frigate Chesapeake was attacked, he secured a commission as first lieutenant in a regiment of light dragoons, commanded by Colonel Wade Hampton of Revolutionary war fame. In 1809, he was sent by Hampton to Mississippi, where he laid the Foundation for his later career. He fought in the battle of Sacket's Harbor, was brevetted major for gallantry in action, accompanied General Wilkinson down the St. Lawrence in the contemplated attack on Montreal and also served with General Brown. In 1814 he became Inspector General, with orders to join General Andrew Jackson in the Creek nation. In the absence of Colonel Butler, he also acted as adjutant general. Jackson sent him to Fort Montgomery to organize forces for an attack upon Pensacola. In the storming of the city, Colonel Hayne was one of the first to take possession of an enemy battery under heavy fire. After its fall, he was placed in charge of the city. In the famous Battle of New Orleans, Hayne selected the site for Jackson's defense and had much to do with repulsing the British and saving the city, as did Major Wade Hampton of Columbia. After the battle, Jackson sent Hayne to Washington to secure additional troops for the continued defense of the city, not realizing the war had ended. During the war, he was thrice brevetted for bravery.

Family
Arthur Hayne was the older brother of Robert Young Hayne, also a U.S. Senator and Governor of South Carolina; famous for the Webster-Hayne Debate over States' rights and held over several days in the U.S. Senate in 1830. He was a cousin of Isaac Hayne, hanged by the British during the Revolution, and uncle of the poet and editor Paul Hamilton Hayne. Arthur Hayne married Frances Gibson Duncan, daughter of Hon. Thomas Duncan of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court (1817–1827). He married second, Elizabeth Laura Alston, daughter of William Alston of Charleston, South Carolina. His only child Frances Duncan Hayne married Lloyd James Beall, a former United States Army officer from Rhode Island who sided with the Confederacy and served as Commandant of the Confederate States Marine Corps.

References

External links

1788 births
1867 deaths
Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
American people of the Seminole Wars
United States Army personnel of the War of 1812
Inspectors General of the United States Army
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
19th-century American politicians
Burials at St. Michael's Churchyard (Charleston)
People of the Creek War

Arthur P. Hayne


"Have You Seen This Snail?" is 2005 animated drama crime musical direct-to-video film is the based on the series SpongeBob SquarePants is created by Stephen Hillenburg. It was released on November 11, 2005. The movie special guest starred Amy Poehler as a granny in the movie.

Plot

SpongeBob gets a paddle ball from the mail and plays with it. He plays with the paddle ball so much that he forgets to feed his pet Gary. Gary decides to run away from home. SpongeBob wakes up from the paddle ball when Patrick comes into his house. SpongeBob can not find Gary is his home and later finds a note from Gary that says he is finding a new owner. Later, Gary enters a new city and gets found by a gang of snails. A nice old lady finds Gary and takes him to her house, thinking that he is her pet Miss Tuftsy. At the Krusty Krab, SpongeBob is sad at work because Gary is missing. Mr. Krabs tells him that problems can be solved with hard work. SpongeBob thinks he is talking about Gary, so SpongeBob and Patrick put posters around the town in hopes of finding Gary.

The old lady feeds Gary a lot. She puts down posters given to her by Patrick. Gary reads them and finds out that SpongeBob really does love him. Gary tries to leave, but he gets trapped in a closet and finds snail shells. He realizes that the old lady is trying to fatten him and eat him. Gary gets out of her house, but the lady chases him down the street. Gary finds one of the gang snails and tricks the lady into thinking the gang snail is Miss Tuftsy. Back home, SpongeBob gives up on finding Gary, but he keeps having memories of him. SpongeBob hears a meow and thinks that he is imagining the meow. He turns around and finds Gary and becomes happy to see Gary again.

Feedback

David Johnson of DVD Verdict said the "disc [based off of the episode] will most definitely sell itself." Paul Mavis of DVD Talk talks about the scene where Gary has to escape the old lady's house and said "it's both funny and rather touching."

References

Movies composed by Harry Gregson-Williams
2005 movies
2005 drama movies
2005 animated movies
2005 crime movies
SpongeBob SquarePants movies

Have You Seen This Snail?


František Čáp (7 December 1913 – 12 January 1972), also known as Franz Cap in Germany, was a Czech and later a Yugoslav film director and screenwriter. He directed 32 films between 1939 and 1970. Having created Slovene film classics such as Vesna, Ne čakaj na maj and Our Car, he is also one of the most popular directors of early Slovene cinema in 1950s and the 1960s.

Life
Čáp was born in Čachovice (now in central Czech Republic). As an already established professional, he moved to Ljubljana in 1952, following an invitation by Branimir Tuma, director of Triglav Film. In 1957, he moved to Portorož, a coastal town in southwestern Slovenia, where he lived until his death.

Work
Prior to his arrival in Yugoslavia, Čáp was praised as the young star of Czech cinema. During World War II he directed a dozen light romantic dramas and melodramas, among them the internationally acclaimed Nocturnal Butterfly which won a prize at the Venice film festival, and Men Without Wings which won a prize for Best Director in Cannes. His last Czechoslovak film The White Darkness, his personal favorite, put him in conflict with the communist authorities. After the criticism his film received by workers jury at Zlín film festival, Čáp called the jury "morons who don't understand [his] films". This didn't go well in communist Czechoslovakia and he was banned from directing movies. He fled to West Germany, where he directed three films, including All Clues Lead to Berlin which was distributed to many countries. He arrived in Yugoslavia by invitation of the director of a Slovene film production company Branimir Tuma, to help in the development of the Slovene film industry in the 1950s.

In the 1950s and 1960s Čap directed five films for Triglav film and another six co-productions and non-Slovene productions. Čáp's first Yugoslav film, romantic comedy Vesna (1953), had elements of Heimatfilm and pre-World War II Czech and Austrian melodrama, and proved highly successful both artistically and commercially, as did its sequel Ne čakaj na maj (1957). Vesna remains one of the most popular Slovene classics. It took the place of the first commercial film - and the first comedy - in Slovene cinema, and was precisely the urban, modern and technically exquisite film that Triglav film had hoped for when it employed Čap.

Čap's second Slovene film was a war drama Trenutki odločitve (Moments of Decision, 1955) about the urgency of reconciliation between partisans and white guards, a topic with which he produced the first censored film in Slovenia.

During his "Yugoslav era", Čap did not only engage in Slovene productions, but in various  other acclaimed productions and co-productions. He directed Am Anfang war es Sünde (Sin / Greh, 1954, Saphir Film) and the romantic drama La ragazza della salina (Sand, Love and Salt / Kruh in sol, 1957), which featured Marcello Mastroianni. For Bosna film, he directed a drama about juvenile delinquency Vrata ostaju otvorena (The Door Remains Open, 1959), introducing Milena Dravić, one of the leading film stars in Yugoslavia, in her very first film role, and another comedy Srešćemo se večeras (Meet You Tonight, 1962).

In 1956 Čáp shot Die Geierwally (The Vulture Wally), based on the novel by Wilhelmine von Hillern, in Germany, while X-25 javlja ("X-25 Reports", 1960), a World War II spy thriller set in Zagreb, saw extensive international theatrical release as well. However, after his poorly received comedy Naš avto (Our Car, 1962), Čáp was unable to find work in Yugoslavia and he turned to direct for television. He was engaged in directing a TV series and two TV films for German and Austrian televisions. In Slovenia where he lived, though, he was only able to participate in one more production, directing a short film Piran (1965).

Criticism and reception
Contemporary Slovene film criticism widely accepts that the 5 films that František Čap directed in Slovene, Vesna, Trenutki odločitve, Ne čakaj na maj, X 25 Reports and Our Car, introduced a Hollywood type of narrative and cosmopolitan appearance to 1950's Slovene cinema. Though struggling with negative criticism in his own time, today Čáp is praised as a craftsman who helped the undeveloped Slovene and Yugoslav cinema – at the time infected with dilettante technical standards, problematic focus on local issues and stiff literary adaptations – to rise to the level of an exquisite craft with universal intelligibility.

Some critics viewed it as "genre cinema" — as Čáp mostly directed comedies, thrillers, and melodramas — though these do not correspond strictly to genre rules. "Mainstream cinema" is a term that more accurately describes its aim to attract the audience by means of a classical, easily intelligible narrative, and by emphasizing the story and dramatic structure, not so much qualities of cinema as an art form.

The negative reviews of Čáp's work occurred mostly during the times of 1960's, 70's and 80's Yugoslavian film criticism. The orthodox communist reviewers saw in it a bourgeois threat to socialist values, and a conservative return to the middle class phantom concepts (e.g. The idea of innocent romantic love). They also minded Čáp's comedies' prevailing themes of spoiled youth and their sexual awakening in Vesna and Ne čakaj na maj.

The name object of early criticism, however, was the misrepresentation (or lack of representation) of Slovene culture in Čáp's cinema, especially in the hugely popular comedies. A number of reviewers saw Čáp as a foreigner who has never assimilated to Slovene culture. They resented that the films were not specific enough and could be set anywhere in Central Europe. These reviews seem traditionalist and xenophobic from contemporary point of view. Contemporary Slovene film theorists have largely praised Čáp's "foreignness" or "otherness", reasoning that his ignorance for regional values and conflicts has actually helped him to maintain the necessary objective distance and his particular sense of film direction and storytelling.

Čáp and Slovene language
Contrary to complaints regarding the generic nature of the films, it is well recognized that Čáp contributed drastically to the adaptation of the Slovene language for cinematic use. The dialogues were fluent and had substance, there was plenty of wordplays, verbal comedy, urban slang and authentic regional accents. The dialogues from Čap's comedies came into general usage and became items of universal joking across generations and nation. Whereas Slovene in pre-Čap cinema had not functioned well, Čáp invented a slang liberated from constraints of purism and theatricality. Thus the director, while being attacked for directing un-Slovene films by many reviewers, in fact enriched Slovene language and culture.

Selected filmography

 A Step into the Darkness (Czech: Krok do tmy) (1937) - screenwriter only
 Virginity (Czech: Panenství) (1937) - screenwriter only
 Fiery Summer (Czech: Ohnivé léto) (1939)
 Grandmother (Czech: Babička) (1940)
 Jan Cimbura (1941)
 Nocturnal Butterfly (Czech: Noční motýl) (1941)
 Mist on the Moors (Czech: Mlhy na Blatech) (1944)
 The Girl from Beskydy Mountains (Czech: Děvčica z Beskyd) (1944)
 Men Without Wings (Czech: Muži bez křídel) (1946)
 Sign of the Anchor (Czech: Znamení kotvy) (1947)
 Muzikant (1948)
 The White Darkness (1948)
 Crown Jewels (German: Kronjuwelen) (1950)
 All Clues Lead to Berlin (German: Die Spur führt nach Berlin) (1952)
 Vesna (1953)
 The Beginning Was Sin (German: Am Anfang war es Sünde) (1954)
 Moments of Decision (Slovene: Trenutki odločitve) (1955)
 The Vulture Wally (German: Die Geierwally) (1956)
 Don't Whisper (Slovene: Ne čakaj na maj) (1957)
 Sand, Love and Salt (Slovene: Kruh in sol) (1957)
 The Door Remains Open (Serbo-Croatian: Vrata ostaju otvorena) (1957)
 X 25 Reports (Slovene: X 25 javlja) (1960)
 Meet You Tonight (Serbo-Croatian: Srešćemo se večeras) (1962)
 Our Car (Slovene: Naš avto) (1962)
 Mafia – Die ehrenwerte Gesellschaft (1966, TV miniseries)
  (1968–1969, TV series)

Awards
 Nocturnal Butterfly - Targa di segnalazione at 1941 Venice Film Festival
 Men Without Wings - Grand Prix at 1946 Cannes Film Festival
 Vesna - The Critics' Choice Award at the 1954 Pula Film Festival
 Moments of Decision - Big Golden Arena for Best Film at the 1955 Pula Film Festival

References

External links

1913 births
1972 deaths
People from Mladá Boleslav District
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
Czech film directors
Czechoslovak film directors
Czech screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Yugoslav film directors
Yugoslav screenwriters
German-language film directors
Slovenian film directors
LGBT film directors
Czech LGBT screenwriters
Directors of Palme d'Or winners
Golden Arena for Best Director winners
20th-century screenwriters
20th-century Czech LGBT people
Emigrants from Czechoslovakia
Immigrants to Yugoslavia

František Čáp


Elizabeth Connell (22 October 1946–18 February 2012) was an opera singer born in South Africa. During her career she sang mainly in the United Kingdom and Australia. Connell was noted for her performances of the heroines in the great operas by Strauss, Verdi and Wagner.

Biography

Elizabeth Connell was born in Port Elizabeth, South Africa on 22 October, 1946. She was the daughter of Raymond Connell and Elizabeth Scott. She studied opera at the London Opera Center.  Connell made her debut performance at Wexford in 1972 as a mezzo-soprano. That same year she won the Maggie Teyte prize. Following her debut she sang at the opening of the Sydney Opera House in 1973. She was with the English National Opera for five years. She then became a freelance artist. In 1981 she cancelled all her performances. She began singing again in 1983 but as a soprano.

Elizabeth Connell appeared at the opera houses of London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, New York (at the Metropolitan Opera), San Francisco, Milan (at La Scala), Naples and Geneva. She sang in a wide variety of operatic roles. She also performed at major opera festivals in her career. Connell made a number of recordings of her performances. In 2012, she was due to sing at the Toulon Opera but could not appear due to illness. Her last performance was on 27 November 2011 in Hastings, England. Elizabeth Connell died of cancer in London on 18 February 2012. She was 65 years old.

Elizabeth Connell left $20,000 for a prize in her name. It will be a competition for dramatic sopranos of all nationalities. The contest will take place in Sydney on September 13, 2014. The winner will also receive an audition at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, as part of the prize.

Notes

References

Other websites
 BBC News: Opera star Elizabeth Connell dies at 65
 Joseph Stevenson, Artist Biography [Elizabeth Connell]
 Elizabeth Connell bio

Opera singers
1946 births
2012 deaths
South African musicians

Elizabeth Connell


The Electric Flag was an American soul rock band, led by guitarist Mike Bloomfield, keyboardist Barry Goldberg and drummer Buddy Miles, and featuring other musicians such as vocalist Nick Gravenites and bassist Harvey Brooks. Bloomfield formed the Electric Flag in 1967, following his stint with the Butterfield Blues Band. The band reached its peak with the 1968 release, A Long Time Comin', a fusion of rock, jazz, and R&B styles that charted well in the Billboard Pop Albums chart. Their initial recording was a soundtrack for The Trip, a movie about an LSD experience by Peter Fonda, written by Jack Nicholson and directed by Roger Corman.

History
With his appreciation for blues, soul and R&B, Bloomfield wanted to create a group of his own that would feature what he called "American music." He was inspired not only by the big band blues of B.B. King, T-Bone Walker, and Guitar Slim (Eddie Jones), but also by the contemporary soul sounds of Otis Redding, Steve Cropper, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, and other Stax recording artists. He also drew inspiration from traditional country, gospel, and blues forms. Initially called the American Music Band, Bloomfield organized the band that would become known as The Electric Flag in the spring of 1967, not long after he produced a session with Chicago blues harmonica player James Cotton that featured a horn section. Bloomfield decided that his new band would also have horns and would play an amalgam of the American music he loved.

The group was initially formed at the instigation of Bloomfield, and the assistance of Barry Goldberg. Harvey Brooks, who had previously worked with Bloomfield in 1965, recording Bob Dylan's Highway 61 Revisited, joined as bassist, and recommended Buddy Miles, then 19 years old, who was the drummer at the time for Wilson Pickett. Brooks was working with Murray the K on the "Music in the Fifth Dimension" show at the RKO Theatre and was at Wilson Pickett's sound check/rehearsal watching Pickett fine Miles $50 a pop for missed cues. After the rehearsal Brooks approached Miles telling him about Bloomfield's credits, asking if he wanted to meet and talk about Bloomfield's new band. Miles was persuaded by Goldberg, Bloomfield and Brooks to leave Pickett. Initially, Bloomfield and Goldberg had asked Mitch Ryder to be the vocalist, since Bloomfield and Goldberg had been contributing to some Ryder recording sessions. Ryder declined the invitation, preferring to remain with the Detroit Wheels.  Bloomfield next approached Nick Gravenites, originally also from Chicago, who agreed.

Peter Strazza, whom Goldberg knew from Chicago, joined on tenor saxophone. Jazz guitarist Larry Coryell, who had developed his career in Seattle while a university student, recommended Seattle-based Marcus Doubleday on trumpet.

Career
Bloomfield and Goldberg developed the group in San Francisco, under Albert Grossman's management, and immediately began working on the band's first project: the soundtrack for the film The Trip. Actor Peter Fonda approached Bloomfield for the project, as a replacement for Gram Parsons' International Submarine Band. Director Roger Corman did not find the music of Parsons' band appropriate for a movie about the LSD experience.  At the time, the Electric Flag was rehearsing in Gram Parsons' Laurel Canyon, California home.

Bloomfield was solely credited for all of the compositions on the album. He hired keyboardist Paul Beaver to add texture to the soundtrack, through the use of one of the first Moog Synthesizers on record. The soundtrack recording was reportedly completed in ten days. While the movie received mixed reviews, the soundtrack attracted positive critical notice. As described by David Dann in his biography of the Electric Flag, "The record was also one of the most adventurous for pop music in 1967, sampling freely from jazz, rock, blues and classical idioms, and doing so with wit and intelligence. It very much favored the eclectic approach toward American musical forms that Bloomfield wanted the new band to embody. That Michael could create such unusual and wide-ranging pieces said much for his appreciation and knowledge of those forms, and displayed his characteristic fearlessness when it came to experimentation."

One of the Bloomfield compositions from The Trip soundtrack, "Flash, Bam, Pow," was later included in the soundtrack to the 1969 film Easy Rider. The song was omitted from the release of the original soundtrack and has not been included in subsequent reissues.

The band made its debut appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival, one of the first of the 1960s rock music extravaganzas. Now called the Electric Flag, the group was well received by the audience of 7,000, though its performance fell short of Bloomfield's high standards. Following Monterey, the band toured the Northeast and perform in the San Francisco area while working on a recording for Columbia Records. Though a critical success, the band remained largely unknown to the general public due in part to the band's inability to complete its first album in a timely manner. In addition, Marcus Doubleday had joined the band while in the throes of heroin addiction, while Peter Strazza, Barry Goldberg and Bloomfield developed heroin problems thereafter. In November 1967, Goldberg left the band in an effort to bring his personal circumstances under control. He was replaced by Michael Fonfara, at the time playing with David Clayton-Thomas in New York, and who was recommended by Buddy Miles. Fonfara was fired by Albert Grossman by December, after a drug bust in Los Angeles. As a result, he was replaced by Herb Rich, who had to perform a dual role on keyboards and sax. He had to handle that role until saxophonist Stemsy Hunter, who was a friend of Miles came on board in early 1968. Fonfara was shortly thereafter selected as the keyboard player for Rhinoceros, where he rebuilt his musical career. He spent the 1970s playing, recording and producing with Lou Reed, among other activities, prior to developing a successful career in Canada as a member of the Downchild Blues Band and as a producer of other artists.

Subsequent to completing the soundtrack to The Trip, the band commenced work on its long-awaited first album, A Long Time Comin'. The album, released in March 1968, was recorded between July 1967 and January 1968. The album was one of the first pop recordings to blend sound and voice samples with music. By early 1968, drummer Buddy Miles had become a dominant force in the band's musical direction. The group's repertory by then included numerous contemporary soul covers, featuring Miles on vocals, plus many classic blues tunes. The band produced fewer than a dozen original pieces, mostly written by vocalist Nick Gravenites.  Bloomfield's original "American music" concept appeared to have narrowed considerably. In terms of the band's original material, Miles Davis praised the Bloomfield–Goldberg composition, "Over-Lovin' You", in a Down Beat Blindfold Test in 1968.

By June 1968, only months after the release of the album, Bloomfield quit the group, based on exhaustion brought on by continuing insomnia that was ineffectively medicated through heroin. In the weeks prior to his departure, there had been much public speculation as to whether Bloomfield was leaving the group or whether the group was leaving him. Miles, rather than Bloomfield, had become the de facto leader of the group. Miles brought in guitarist Hoshal Wright as Bloomfield's replacement.  Though they strove to carry on under Miles' direction, the Electric Flag was effectively finished. They issued the late 1968 album The Electric Flag: An American Music Band, but personality conflicts, differing aesthetics, and a series of drug problems hastened the band's downfall.

Epilogue
Al Kooper left Blood, Sweat and Tears in April 1968, and was inspired by a jam recording with Moby Grape to organize the similarly structured Super Session album. The lineup included Electric Flag members Bloomfield, Brooks, and Goldberg. Bloomfield eventually dropped out of the sessions due to insomnia, and was replaced by Buffalo Springfield's Stephen Stills. Bloomfield and Kooper later toured together, while drummer and vocalist Buddy Miles went on to form the Buddy Miles Express and play in Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys.  Bloomfield developed a solo career, commencing with the release of It's Not Killing Me in 1969, which included former Electric Flag bandmate Marcus Doubleday on trumpet.

Mike Bloomfield released several albums after this, including Nick Gravenites Live at the Fillmore which includes Taj Mahal doing "One More Mile". Buddy Miles started the Buddy Miles Express with a big hit "Down By the River". As noted Miles played with Hendrix in Band of Gypsies and then later with Carlos Santana. Miles died in 2008.

A reunion took place in 1974, with the Electric Flag releasing The Band Kept Playing, but the recording was not a commercial or critical success and the band quickly disbanded after several months of sporadic gigs. This lineup of the band featured Bloomfield, Goldberg, Miles, and Gravenites, along with new member Roger Troy on bass and vocals.

On July 28 and 29, 2007, a concert took place at the Monterey County Fairgrounds, commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Monterey Pop Festival. One of the acts featured was a one-time reunion of The Electric Flag, anchored by original members Gravenites, Goldberg, and former member Hunter, backed by members of the Tower of Power and The Blues Project. The one-hour set featured material from the first album, as well as several blues covers.

Other projects
In 1970, the group Sweet Apple released their self-titled album on Columbia, cat no. C 30238. It was produced by Electric Flag bassist Harvey Brooks and featured two former Electric Flag members, Hoshal Wright on guitar and vocals, and Marcus Doubleday on trumpet. Live performance Live performance Other credited musicians were Danny Saunders on keyboards and vocals, Bobby Reed on bass and vocals, Steve Mitchell  on drums, and Raoul Smith on saxophone and vocals. Frank Davis also played drums on two tracks. Record World reported airplay on WABX-FM in Detroit for the week of November 28, 1970.

Former members
 Mike Bloomfield — lead guitars, vocals (1967–1968, 1974; died 1981)
 Barry Goldberg — keyboards (1967, 1974, 2007)
 Harvey Brooks — bass (1967–1969)
 Buddy Miles — drums, vocals (1967–1969, 1974; died 2008)
 Nick Gravenites — rhythm guitars, vocals (1967–1969, 1974, 2007)
 Peter Strazza — saxophone (1967–1969)
 Marcus Doubleday — trumpet (1967–1969)
 Michael Fonfara — keyboards (1967; died 2021)
 Herbie Rich — keyboards, saxophone (1967–1969; died 2004)
 Stemsy Hunter - saxophone (1968–1969, 2007)
 Hoshal Wright - guitar (1968 - ?)
 John Simon - keyboards, arranger (1969)
 Roger Troy — bass, vocals (1974)

Discography

Other misc releases
The Electric Flag: Live (2000)
I Found Out (2000)
Funk Grooves (Classic World Productions, 2002)

Info on albums
I Found Out (Dressed To Kill, 2005), I Should Have Left Her (Music Avenue, 2007. It is the same material on different releases, namely outtakes from the 1974 reunion recording and live performances from the original band in 1968). The track listing for the Class World Productions Funk Grooves release, subtitled "The Best of Electric Flag" is as follows:
 "It's Not the Spotlight"
 "I Was Robbed Last Night"
 "I Found Out"
 "Never Be Lonely Again"
 "Losing Game"
 "My Baby Wants to Test Me"
 "I Should Have Left Her"
 "You Don't Realize"
 "Groovin' Is Easy"
The only live recording appears to be "You Don't Realize", with "Groovin' Is Easy" being a poorly recorded version of the original.  Most of the songs are blues-based Bloomfield originals.  No performer credits are provided.  Harvey Brooks appears on the cover, even though he was not part of the 1974 reunion.  Buddy Miles appears as lead vocalist only on "It's Not The Spotlight", a 1973 song co-written by Barry Goldberg and Gerry Goffin.  The song was recorded by both Manhattan Transfer and Rod Stewart, but did not find its way on to The Band Kept Playing (1974).

References

External links
 Official Mike Bloomfield Site
 Michael Bloomfield Chronology & Analysis

Rock music groups from Illinois
Musical groups established in 1967
Musical groups disestablished in 1974
1967 establishments in Illinois
1974 disestablishments in Illinois
American soul musical groups

The Electric Flag


Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. One or more photons interact with the target molecule.

Photodissociation is not limited to visible light.  Any photon with sufficient energy can affect the chemical bonds of a chemical compound.  Since a photon's energy is inversely proportional to its wavelength, electromagnetic waves with the energy of visible light or higher, such as ultraviolet light, x-rays and gamma rays are usually involved in such reactions.

One example where this is used is the Light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. Far more enegetic photons of ultraviolet light (240 nm and shorter) can break the bonds of oxygen molecules. The newly independent oxygen atoms create ozone in the ozone layer.

Chemical reactions

Photodissociation


Cyrano de Bergerac is a 1990 French period comedy-drama film directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau and based on the 1897 play of the same name by Edmond Rostand, adapted by Jean-Claude Carrière and Rappeneau. It stars Gérard Depardieu, Anne Brochet and Vincent Perez. The film was a co-production between companies in France and Hungary.

The film is the first feature film version of Rostand's original play in colour, and the second theatrical film version of the play in the original French. It is also considerably more lavish and more faithful to the original than previous film versions of the play. The film had 4,732,136 admissions in France.

The film and the performance of Gérard Depardieu won numerous awards, notably 10 of the César Awards of 1991.

Subtitles are used for the non-French market; the English-language version uses Anthony Burgess's translation of the text, which uses five-beat lines with a varying number of syllables and a regular couplet rhyming scheme, in other words, a sprung rhythm. Although he sustains the five-beat rhythm through most of the play, Burgess sometimes allows this structure to break deliberately: in Act V, he allows it to collapse completely, creating free verse.

In 2010, Cyrano de Bergerac was ranked number 43 in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema".

Plot
Gascon poet and swashbuckler Cyrano de Bergerac is self-conscious about his enormous nose, but pretends to be proud of it. He is admired and respected by many people for his bravery and good swordsmanship. He madly loves his cousin, the beautiful Roxane; however, he is sure that she will reject him because of his appearance. To elevate himself in her eyes, he interferes with a play being staged at the Hôtel du Bourgogne, in Paris, and wins a duel with a marquis.

In the second act of the play and film, Cyrano meets with Roxane at her request. He is crushed when Roxane tells him she is infatuated with Christian de Neuvillette, a handsome and dashing new recruit to the Cadets de Gascogne (the military unit in which Cyrano is serving). However, Cyrano learns that Christian is tongue-tied when speaking with women. Seeing an opportunity to vicariously declare his love to Roxane, Cyrano approaches Christian with a proposal: Cyrano will write the love letters, and Christian will woo Roxane with them. Christian agrees.

Cyrano aids Christian, writing heartfelt love letters and poems. Roxane begins to appreciate Christian, not only for his good looks but also his apparent eloquence. She eventually falls in love with him. But the Comte de Guiche, an arrogant and exceptionally powerful older nobleman, also has designs on Roxane. Roxane and Cyrano thwart De Guiche's attempt to visit Roxane by arranging a quick secret marriage between Roxane and Christian. In revenge, De Guiche orders his company of cadets—including Cyrano and Christian—to report immediately for military duty in the Siege of Arras against the Spanish.

The siege is harsh and brutal: the Cadets de Gascogne are starving. Christian does not know that Cyrano escapes over enemy lines twice each day to deliver a love letter written by Cyrano himself but signed with Christian's name, sent to Roxane. These letters draw Roxane out from the city of Paris to the war front to bring food to the troops. Although she has come to visit Christian, she admits to him that she has fallen in love with the author's soul, and would love the author even if he were ugly. Christian tries to find out whether Roxane loves him or Cyrano, and asks Cyrano to find out. However, during the subsequent battle, Christian is mortally wounded. The scene ends with the French returning to the battle.

In the final scene of the play and film, fourteen years later, Roxane has entered a convent and retired from the world. Cyrano has made many enemies with his writings; he is still free, but now poor. During this time, Cyrano has faithfully visited Roxane every week, never declaring his love. On this day, his enemies attack and mortally injure him. Cyrano nevertheless visits Roxane at the convent. When she mentions Christian's last letter, sensing his own mortality, Cyrano asks if he can read it. Roxane gives him the letter, which he reads movingly. Just before Cyrano dies, Roxane realizes that she has loved him all along.

Cast

 Gérard Depardieu as Cyrano de Bergerac
 Anne Brochet as Roxane
 Vincent Perez as Christian de Neuvillette
 Jacques Weber as Comte Antoine de Guiche
 Roland Bertin as Ragueneau
 Philippe Morier-Genoud as Le Bret
 Pierre Maguelon as Carbon de Castle-Jaloux
 Sandrine Kiberlain as Sister Colette

 Josiane Stoléru as the Duenna
 Philippe Volter as Vicomte de Valvert
 Jean-Marie Winling as Lignière
 Louis Navarre as The Bore
 Gabriel Monnet as Montfleury
 François Marié as Bellerose
 Anatole Delalande as The child
 Alain Rimoux as The father
 Michel Fau as Ragueneau's Poet

Reception

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 100% based on , with a weighted average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Love and hope soar in Cyrano De Bergerac, an immensely entertaining romance featuring Gerard Depardieu at his peak." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 79 based on 19 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Roger Ebert from the Chicago Sun Times awarded the film three out of four stars. In his review on the film, Ebert wrote, "Cyrano de Bergerac is a splendid movie not just because it tells its romantic story, and makes it visually delightful, and centers it on Depardieu, but for a better reason: The movie acts as if it believes this story. Depardieu is not a satirist - not here, anyway. He plays Cyrano on the level, for keeps."
Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film three and a half out of four stars, calling it "the definitive screen version of the Edmond Rostand perennial". In his review, Maltin praised the film's staging of scenes, while also noting that the film somewhat faltered during the finale by being overextended.

Accolades
The film was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 1990 ceremony, this marked the second time that an actor had been nominated for Best Actor for his portrayal of Cyrano de Bergerac (the first time was in 1950, when José Ferrer won the award for his performance in the English-language version of the film).

Home media
Cyrano de Bergerac was released on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in May 2005 as part of a collection with the 1950 version. The DVD is compatible with all region codes and includes special features such as the theatrical trailer, Umbrella Entertainment trailers, talent biographies, an interview with Gérard Depardieu and a Roger Ebert review. In February 2009 an Academy Award edition was released by Umbrella Entertainment.

See also
 List of submissions to the 63rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of French submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Notes

References

External links

1990 films
1990s French-language films
Best Film César Award winners
Films based on Cyrano de Bergerac (play)
Films directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau
Films featuring a Best Actor César Award-winning performance
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor César Award-winning performance
Films set in France
Films set in the 1640s
Films set in the 1650s
Films set in the 17th century
Films shot in France
Films whose director won the Best Director César Award
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
Films with screenplays by Jean-Claude Carrière
Films with screenplays by Jean-Paul Rappeneau
Best Foreign Language Film Golden Globe winners
French swashbuckler films
Biographical films about writers
Films produced by Michel Seydoux
1990s French films
Toronto International Film Festival People's Choice Award winners

Cyrano de Bergerac (1990 film)


Attaloss is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, United States, currently signed to Rock Ridge Music.

The band released their self-titled album on April 10, 2012, and first week sales have pushed the release onto four Billboard charts.  The album, which was released by Rock Ridge Music/Warner Music Group/ADA, hit #1 on Billboard Alternative New Artists, #5 on Billboard Heatseekers, #25 on Billboard Hard Rock Albums, and #42 on Billboard Indie chart.  The album also cracked the Billboard Top 200 sales chart.

Discography

Studio albums

References

Rock music groups from California
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups established in 2010
Rock Ridge Music artists
2010 establishments in California

Attaloss


The Second Triumvirate was an alliance between Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus. It was formed to punish the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar.

The Triumvirate lasted from 43 BC to 33 BC. It ended the effort by Marcus Tullius Cicero to make the Senate once again the top body of the Republic. From then on Rome was ruled by an Emperor.

The Triumvirate army, led by Octavian and Mark Antony, defeated the Conspirators' army led by Cassius and Brutus.  The war ended with the Battle of Philippi in Roman Macedonia in 42 BC.  Cassius and Brutus committed suicide and the remainder of their army joined the Triumvirate forces.

References

Roman Republic

de:Triumvirat#Das Zweite Triumvirat
ja:三頭政治#第二回三頭政治

Second Triumvirate