Dusty the Klepto Kitty is a famous Snowshoe cat. He became popular in early 2011 for his acts of "burglary" in his neighborhood.

By then, Dusty had stolen 16 car wash mitts, 7 sponges, 213 dish towels, 7 wash cloths, 5 bath towels, 18 shoes, 73 socks, 100 gloves, 1 pair of mittens, 3 aprons, 40 balls, 4 pairs of underwear, 1 dog collar, 6 rubber toys, 1 blanket, 3 leg warmers, 2 Frisbees, 1 golf club cover, 1 safety mask, 2 mesh bags, 1 bag of water balloons, 1 pair of pajama pants, 8 swimsuits, and 8 other objects.

His behavior got him an appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman in February 2011.

He got the nickname "Klepto Kitty"" because of the word Kleptomania.  He had already taken more than 600 items from the gardens he roams around in. Most of his theft happens at night. The most he has brought home at once is eleven things, his owners say. He has even been caught on camera carrying home a bra.

Early years
Dusty was born on March 20, 2006. He lives in San Mateo, California.  He was adopted from an animal shelter; the Peninsula Humane Society. His owners are Jean Chu and Jim Coleman.

For his first two years, Dusty stayed home and seemed to be a normal cat. But in 2008, his owners began to find items and clothes that did not belong to them showing up in the house. Sometimes, the cat would put them in his owner's bed. They began to suspect that their cat was bringing them home. This turned out to be very true.

Fame
Dusty didn't really get much attention outside of his neighborhood until February 2011. Animal Planet had read about him in People magazine. Animal Planet had a TV show named Must Love Cats and they made a feature about Dusty.  Their crew was able to set up a night vision camera and catch Dusty bringing home his treasures. After this, there was a news story on KGO TV station in San Francisco .  He began to be seen in YouTube videos and got famous on the internet. He was interviewed with his owners on the Late Show with David Letterman on February 22, 2011.

Other events
After he was seen on Letterman's show and other news shows around the world, Dusty became a celebrity.  He has been shown at many community events in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was the Grand Marshal of the Redwood City Pet Parade in May 2011.

Because Dusty was adopted from the Peninsula Humane Society animal shelter, he made a celebrity appearance at their annual adopt-a-thon in June, 2011. Some of his unclaimed stolen items were shown.  They were given away to people who gave a donation.

Some of the kitty-cam movie for the Animal Planet documentary was used as a bonus feature on the DVD release for the 2011 movie Puss in Boots.  It is named "Klepto Kitty". It is about three minutes and a half minutes long.

He has a Facebook page for his fans. It shows pictures of the latest things that Dusty brings home.

References

Other websites
 Official Facebook page
 Klepto Feline Gives New Meaning to 'Cat' Burglar. ABC News (San Francisco).
 "Klepto Cat" to Make Celebrity Appearance. ABC News (San Francisco).
 The Klepto Kitty | Must Love Cats

Internet celebrity animals
Individual cats

Dusty the Klepto Kitty


Loujaya Kouza (born 20 July 1966) is a Papua New Guinean politician, poet and singer. She was known under her married name of Loujaya Toni when elected, but reverted to her maiden name in 2013 after divorcing her husband.

Biography
She was born in Lae. Poems which she wrote as a schoolgirl were published by the Education Department, earning her a description as "PNG's youngest poet". In 1985, under the name Loujaya Dunar, "she launched a string of solo gospel music albums", beginning a career as a singer / songwriter. Most notably, she wrote the song "Keep the Fire Alive" and performed it with the group Tambaran Culture at the 1991 South Pacific Games in Port Moresby. A qualified journalist, she has also taught as a part-time tutor at the University of Technology in Lae.

She stood unsuccessfully for election to the National Parliament in the 2007 general election. After a master's degree in communications in 2012, she stood again, in the general election that same year. Representing the Indigenous People's Party, she stood in the constituency of Lae, the capital of Morobe Province and the second largest city in the country, against the incumbent MP: her uncle Bart Philemon, veteran politician, outgoing Minister for Public Service, previously Minister for Finance and "widely respected economic reformer". She defeated him and won the seat, as one of the only three women elected to Parliament that year (with Delilah Gore and Julie Soso), out of 111 MPs. Despite being a first time MP, she was appointed Minister for Community Development, Religion and Family Affairs by Prime Minister Peter O'Neill, and joined his People's National Congress Party after the election.

In December 2013, she controversially supported the actions of Parliament's Speaker Theo Zurenuoc, who had "removed and badly damaged" several carvings adorning the interior of Parliament and representing Papua New Guinea's diverse indigenous cultures. Zurenuoc considered the carvings to be contrary to Christianity. Toni, speaking up in support of the destruction, indicated it had been carried out on advice from an Israeli Christian evangelical movement, whom she had met. Stating that the carvings represented "idol gods", she added: "The Government declares that the God of Israel is the God of PNG. […] I thank God for the Speaker Theodore Zurenuoc for the cleansing of the House". Prime Minister O'Neill condemned the destruction, ordered it stopped, and publicly denied Toni's claim that it had been authorised by Cabinet: "There is no truth in that. Cabinet didn't give approval for anything to be removed from the National Parliament. The Minister has no authority to speak for Cabinet".

In August 2014, Toni resigned from the government to serve as interim chair of the Lae City Commission. She was replaced as Minister for Community Development by Delilah Gore.

References

1966 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Government ministers of Papua New Guinea
People's National Congress (Papua New Guinea) politicians
Papua New Guinean gospel singers
21st-century women politicians
Women government ministers of Papua New Guinea
Women members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Women singer-songwriters
Papua New Guinean poets
People from Morobe Province

Loujaya Kouza


Madhavan Raveendran (), (born Kulathupuzha, Kollam, 9 November 1943 – died Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 3 March 2005), fondly known as Raveendran Master, was a popular South Indian music composer and playback singer from Kerala. He composed songs for more than 150 films primarily for the Malayalam and Tamil film industries.  He also composed a few albums, including Vasantha Geethangal, Ponnonatharangini and Rithugeethangal. Raveendran successfully composed melodies based on Hindustani Ragas also.

Early life
Raveendran was born on 9 November 1943, in Kulathupuzha, a small village in the present-day Kollam district.  He is the seventh child (of nine children) of Late Madhavan and Late Lakshmi. His early life was filled with poverty, and he tried hard to complete his education. After his school days, he went to Swathi Thirunal Music College in Thiruvananthapuram, where he met K. J. Yesudas, and soon began a great friendship. Later, he went to Chennai (Then Madras) to fulfill his wish to be a playback singer. He then changed his name as Kulathupuzha Ravi.

Musical career
He began his career as a playback singer with the song "Parvanarajanithan" from a Malayalam film, Velliyazhcha. He then became a master and associated with many Malayalam composers. He also dubbed voices for films during this time.

The great playback singer K. J. Yesudas, a former classmate, altered the course of Raveendran's life by persuading him to compose songs and thus he became a music director.

Director J. Sasikumar, commissioned Raveendran to compose the music for Choola (1979). The song "Tharake Mizhiyithalil Kannerumayi ...", sung by Yesudas, became a hit. Ever since, Raveendran led Malayalam film music with several hit songs.

Melody incorporated with the aspects of Carnatic music were the hallmark of his songs. He successfully composed melodies based on  Hindustani ragas also.   In 1981 he composed songs and background score for the movie Thenum Vayambum directed by Asok kumar.  All songs including "Thenum vayambum", "Ottakkambi nadham"  and "Manasoru kovil" became superhits. With the release of Thenum Vayambum (1981), Raveendran made his mark in the film field. In the same year he composed music and background score for the movie Chiriyo Chiri directed by Balachandramenon. The song "Ezhu swarangalum" from the movie Chiriyo Chiri is considered as a pathbreaking semi classical song in Malayalam. In 1982, for his close friend, director P. Venu he dubbed for actor Shankar in his film Aranjyanam and later composed music for his movie Thacholi Thankappan.

A few of Raveendran's best songs were in films like Thenum Vayambum, Chiriyo Chiri, Sukhamo Devi, Aattakalasam, Yuvajanotsavam, Amaram, His Highness Abdullah, Kamaladalam, Kizhakkunarum Pakshi, Champakulam Thachan, Dhanam, Aayirappara, Kalippattam, Ayal Kadha Ezhuthukayanu,  Nandanam, Rajashilpi, Bharatham and Aaraam Thampuran. The songs "Pramadhavanam Veendum" from the movie His Highness Abdullah and "Harimuraleeravam" from Aaraam Thampuran were among the most adored songs of that time. He shared a close relationship with the actor Mohanlal. He also composed songs and background score for 8 Tamil films like Hemavin kadhalargal, Rasigan Oru Rasigai, Kanmaniye pesu, Dharma devathai, Pottu vacha neram, Lakshmi vandhachu, Thaye nee thunai and Malare kurinji malare. Almost all major lyricists of his era penned lyrics for his songs, like O. N. V. Kurup, Sreekumaran Thampi, Bichu Thirumala, Poovachal Khader, Chunakkara Ramankutty, Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri, Gireesh Puthenchery, Shibu Chakravarthy, etc. Most of his songs were sung by K. J. Yesudas and K. S. Chithra.

Non-cinematic albums
Some of his light music albums and devotional albums, which were most popular in the 1980s and 1990s through All India Radio and audio cassettes were Tharanginiyude Ulsava Gaanangal (festival songs) (1983, 1985), Vasantha Geethangal (1984), Ponnona Tharangini (1992), Amme Saranam Devi Saranam (1994), Sarana Theertham (1997) and Uthradapoonilave (2001). Raveendran did orchestration for Deepam Makaradeepam (1980) composed by BichuThirumala.

Personal life
He was married to Shobha and has three sons. His youngest son, Naveen Madhav, is a playback singer in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada film and twin sons Rajan Madhav, a film director, and Sajan Madhav, a music composer in Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil films. Yakshiyum njanum was the debut movie of Sajan Madhav as composer in Malayalam.  Earlier he composed orchestration for the songs of Kalabham and also helped in orchestration of many songs composed by Raveendran.

Raveendran died suddenly at his home in Chennai following a cardiac arrest on 3 March 2005, aged only 61. He was suffering from throat cancer for a long time, and was under treatment when his end occurred. His last works Vadakkumnadhan and Kalabham  were released posthumously in 2006.

Filmography

As a playback singer
He started his career as a playback singer for the 1969 movie Velliyazhcha for which the songs were composed by M. S. Baburaj. His first song was titled "Parvana rajanithan". For a decade, he struggled to get songs and even become a dubbing artist for films. He dubbed for actor Shankar in the movie Aranjaanam directed by P. Venu. As a music director, he sang some of his songs.
In 1978 Raveendran sung a song (sandhya vandana geethikaluyarum sanyasikalude asramavadam) with Yesudas in the movie "AVAKASAM" directed by A B Raj.(Then he was called as kulathuppuzha Ravi) Music direction by M K Arjunan and Lyrics by Gopi Kottarappat.

Major awards
National Film Awards:
 1992 – Special Mention – Bharatham

Kerala State Film Awards:
 1991 – Best Music Director – Bharatham
 2002 – Best Music Director – Nandanam

Filmfare Awards South:
 1990 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – His Highness Abdullah
 1991 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – Bharatham
 1995 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – Mazhayethum Munpe
 2006 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – Vadakkumnadhan
Kerala Film Critics Award
 Best Music Director - Bharatham

Asianet Film Awards:
 2006 – Best Music Director -Vadakkumnadhan

Notable songs

 Tharake Mizhiyithalil ( Choola)
 Chandanamani vathil pathi Chari ( Marikkunnilla Njan)
 Thengum hrudayam... (Aattakkalasham)
 Nirangale... (Aham)
 Harimuraleeravam... (Aaraam Thampuran)
 Pramadhavanam...( His Highness Abdulla)
 Devasabhathalam...( His Highness Abdulla)
 Sree Lathikakal & Sukamo devi...(Sukhamo Devi)
 Gopangane... (Bharatham)
 Ramakadha... (Bharatham)
 Sayanthanam...(Kamaladalam)
 Premodhaaranay...(Kamaladalam)
 Ezhuswarangalum thazhukivarum...(Chirio chiri)
 Pularkala Sundara Swapnathil..........(Oru Maymasa pulariyil)
 Azhake...(Amaram)
 Vikara Naukayumai...(Amaram)
 Kandu njan mizhikalil...(Abhimanyu)
 Vanambaadi etho theerangal...(Desadanakili Karayaarilla)
 Thenum vayambum...(Thenum vayambum)
 Madhumasa Ponnila Choodi...(Kuttettan)
 Innumente Kannuneeril...(Yuvajanotsavam)
 Puzhayorazhakullapennu... (Ente Nadinikkuttikku)
 Hridayam oru veenayai...(Thammil Thammil)
 Aalila Manjalil...(Surya gayathri)
 Kalabham tharaam...(Vadakkumnadhan)
 Enthinu Veroru Sooryodayam...(Mazhayethum munpea)
 Ragangale...(Tharattu)
 Manja Kiliyude...(Kanmadam)
 Manathaaril Ennum...(Kaliyil Alpam Kaaryam)
 Etho Nidrathan...(Ayaal Kathayezhuthukayaanu)
 Moovanthi thazhvarayil...(Kanmadam)
 Vaarmukile vaanil......  (Mazha)
 Kaarmukil varnante.....(Nandanam (film))
 Deenadayalo Raama... (Arayannangalude Veedu)
 Thalam Thettiya... (Thalam Thettiya Tharattu)
 Aalilathaliyumay...(Mizhi Randilum)
 Poovinullil Poo Viriyum  (Tharattu)
 Olikkunnuvo Mizhikkumbilil....(Champakulam Thachan)
 Devasandhya Gopurathil.... (Kalabham)
 Deepam Deepam... (Neelakkadambu)
 Kudajaadriyil Kudikollum
 Ganga...... (Vadakkumnathan)
 Sindhura sandhyyakku Mownam (Choola)

See also
Music of Kerala
Cinema of Kerala

Bibliography
M D Manoj Raveendra Sangeetham, Olive Publishers May 2010
Sobha (Raveend's wife) Raveendra sangeetham Kelkatha ragangal, 2011

References

 Raveendran Website
 , The Hindu
 "Malayalam music director Ravindran dies", The Times of India
 "Obituary – Raveendran", Sify
 , The Hindu
 "രവീന്ദ്രസംഗീതമില്ലാത്ത എട്ടാണ്ടുകള്", Paadheyam
 Vanitha ( 15–29 February 2008) Interview with the Raveendran family

External links
Raveendran's profile on www.malayalasangeetham.info

Malayalam film score composers
Tamil film score composers
1943 births
2005 deaths
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Indian male playback singers
Kerala State Film Award winners
Musicians from Kollam
Singers from Kerala
Deaths from lung cancer in India
Filmfare Awards South winners
University of Kerala alumni
Film musicians from Kerala
20th-century Indian composers
21st-century Indian composers
Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners
20th-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian singers
Indian male film score composers
20th-century Indian male singers

Raveendran


Karl Lisch (24 July 1907, Kirchbichl – 5 February 1999, Tyrol) was an Austrian ophthalmologist remembered for describing Lisch nodules in 1937.

Biography
Karl Lisch studied medicine at Vienna, Zurich and Innsbruck, graduating in 1931. He worked in university eye clinics in Vienna, Innsbruck and Munich, and became the head of the eye department of the hospital in Wörgl in 1947. He remained there until he retired in 1980. He received the title Senior Adviser in Medical Affairs from the President of Austria in 1989, the Medal of Honor from the American Neurofibromatosis Society in 1992, and the First Class Cross Honor for Science and the Arts from the Austrian Ministry for Science and the Arts.

References

External links

Austrian ophthalmologists
1907 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Austrian physicians
Eye color

Karl Lisch


Johan Marius Nicolaas "Johannes" Heesters (5 December 1903 – 24 December 2011), known professionally as Johannes Heesters, as a Dutch actor, singer, and entertainer.

He worked for 91 years, and almost always worked in German-speaking Europe. Heesters was one of the oldest working people in entertainment. Some people have had problems with Heesters because he once sang for Adolf Hitler.  He also supported the Nazi Germany during World War II.

Heesters was married twice: to Belgian actress Louise Ghijs (1906-1985) from 1930 until her death and from 1992-2011 to Simone Rethel. Heesters has two daughters from his first marriage and five grandchildren, eleven great-grandchildren, twenty-five great-great-grandchildren and one great-great-great-grandson as of 2011. His younger daughter Nicole Heesters is a well-known actress in the German-speaking world, as is his granddaughter Saskia Fischer.

On 1 January 2008, he fell down some stairs in his holiday house in Tyrol and broke two ribs.

On 29 November 2011, he suddenly fell ill and was rushed into a hospital. He was operated on to fit a heart pacemaker. He was allowed home less than a week later. This was in time to spend his 108th birthday the next day with family. He did not feel strong enough to make the planned stage appearance to sing in celebration of his birthday.  He also missed the premiere of his latest movie, Ten. Due to a relapse in his condition, on 17 December he went back to the hospital. He had a stroke and died on Christmas Eve 2011.

Discography
Albums
1965: Jetzt geh' ich ins Maxim
2003: Ich werde 100 Jahre alt

Singles
1937: "Ich werde jede Nacht von ihnen träumen"
1939: "Musik, Musik, Musik" (featuring Marika Rökk)
1941: "Liebling, was wird nun aus uns beiden"
1941: "Man müßte Klavier spielen können"
1949: "Das kommt mir spanisch vor"
1949: "Tausendmal möchte' ich dich küssen"
1998: "Ich werde 100 Jahre alt" (song)
2007: "Generationen" (featuring Claus Eisenmann)

Honours, decorations, awards
1984: Bavarian Order of Merit
1993: Berlinian Order of Merit
2000: Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna
Bambi in 1967, 1987, 1990, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
2001: Platinum Romy (TV award)
2003: Goldene Kamera
2004: Kammersänger

Filmography

References

Other websites

Official website  (in German)
Postcards and tobacco cards

1903 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Dutch centenarians
Dutch movie actors
Dutch people of World War II
Dutch singers
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
Dutch voice actors
Musicians from Utrecht (province)
People from Amersfoort

Johannes Heesters


Rhys John Davies (16 April 1877 – 31 October 1954) was a British trade unionist and Labour Party politician.

Davies was born in Llangennech, Carmarthenshire, Wales, the son of Rhys and Ann Davies. After an elementary education he initially worked as a farm labourer. He subsequently moved to the Rhondda Valley, where he worked as a coalminer for ten years. From an early age he was involved in the local co-operative society and became a union official organising shop-assistants throughout South Wales. This led to his moving to Manchester, to take up a post with the Amalgamated Union of Co-operative Employees and later the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers.

He was a member of Manchester City Council for thirty years, and also president of the Manchester and Salford Trades Council and of the Withington Divisional Parliamentary Labour Party.

In 1921, William Wilson, Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Westhoughton, died, and Davies was elected at a by-election to succeed him.  He served in the first Labour Government in 1924 as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. This was the only government office he held.

He retained the Westhoughton seat through successive elections until he retired from the House of Commons early in 1951 due to ill health. At the time he was the longest-serving Labour MP.
Davies was a strong supporter of the temperance and pacifist movements, whose causes he advocated in Parliament and in the country. He was also a committed parliamentarian, and served as joint secretary of the British group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union.

He married Margaret Griffiths in 1902, and they had three sons. Davies died at his home in Porthcawl, Glamorgan, in 1954, aged 77.

References

External links

1877 births
1954 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers-sponsored MPs
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
People from Llanelli
Welsh pacifists
Parliamentary Peace Aims Group

Rhys Davies (politician)


The James Wild Horse Trap in Nye County, Nevada, near Fish Springs, is a historic site that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.  It was the location of a corral and fences used to capture wild horses, built out of dead Juniper trees.  It is as described in a book by Will James, Sand, or Lone Cowboy, published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1930.

It is significant, according to its 1973 NRHP nomination, "because of its obvious visual
education ability. The current interest in wild horse protection and management increases the interest to the public to see what was used when running, killing and harassing wild horses was a common accepted practice. This is a visual evidence of a change in human/social values."

A  area including the wing fences and corral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

See also

References

Corrals
National Register of Historic Places in Nye County, Nevada
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada

James Wild Horse Trap


Carl Schlyter (born 7 January 1968 in Danderyd, Stockholm County) is a Swedish politician who has been a member of the Swedish Riksdag for Stockholm County since 2014. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2014. He is a member of the Green Party, which is part of the European Greens, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. He is a member of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

He was also a substitute for the Committee on Budgetary Control and the Committee on Fisheries, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Leaving Miljöpartiet and starting up a new party called Partiet Vändpunkt

On 16 January 2019, Schlyter announced that he would be leaving the Green Party due to his disagreements with the Social Democrats regarding the 2018-19 government formation. On 13 February, he stated that he would be forming a new political party, Partiet vändpunkt, together with fellow Green Party MPs Annika Lillemets and Valter Mult. The party intends to focus on tackling climate change and claims to be critical of neoliberalism

Career
 Chemical engineering specialising in biotechnology and the environment (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 1987–1994)
 Research study Impurities in coal (Miami University, Ohio, 1989)
 Museum guide (1994)
 Political secretary of the Green Party in Stockholm City Hall (1994–1995)
 Assistant, European Parliament (1996)
 Responsible for Agenda 21 and the environment, culture and sports administration Stockholm (1997)
 Adviser to the Green Group in the Committee on Budgetary Control (1997–2004)
 Member of the party's Executive (2000–2008)
 Sweden's representative in the European Green Federation (since 2001)
 Sweden's representative in the Global Greens (since 2002)

References

External links
 Official website
 European Parliament biography

1968 births
Living people
People from Danderyd Municipality
Members of the Riksdag from the Green Party
Green Party (Sweden) MEPs
MEPs for Sweden 2004–2009
MEPs for Sweden 2009–2014
Articles containing video clips

Carl Schlyter


The Stibbert Museum () is located on via Frederick Stibbert on the hill of Montughi in Florence, Italy. The museum contains over 36,000 artifacts, including a vast collection of armour from Eastern and Western civilizations.

History of the family and museum
The museum was founded by Frederick Stibbert (1838–1906). His father was English and his mother Italian; he received his education in England. The Stibbert family's extreme wealth came from Frederick's grandfather, Giles Stibbert, who was the commander in chief for the British East India Company in Bengal at the end of the 18th century and ruled as governor for many years.

Frederick Stibbert inherited the entire estate from his grandfather and did not work for the rest of his life. Instead, he dedicated his life to collecting objects, antiques, and artifacts and turned his villa into a museum. When the size of the collections outgrew the villa, Stibbert hired architect Giuseppe Poggi, painter Gaetano Bianchi and sculptor Passaglia to add on rooms.

In 1906, when Stibbert died, his collection was given to the city of Florence and was opened to the public. Stibbert and his family are buried at Cimitero Evangelico agli Allori, Florence.

The museum
The villa, which was once Stibbert's home, has 57 rooms that exhibit all of his collections from around the world. Most of the walls are covered in leather and tapestries and the rooms are crowded with artifacts. Paintings are displayed throughout every room, including still lifes and portraits.  There is also valuable furniture, porcelains, Tuscan crucifixes, Etruscan artifacts, and an outfit worn by Napoleon I of France.

The museum contains a cafe and a bookstore.

Arms and armour
The most extensive collection is around 16,000 pieces of European, Oriental, Islamic, Japanese arms and armour from the 15th century through the 19th century.  The cavalcade room is a grand hall filled with 14 16th century knights on horseback and 14 foot-soldiers dressed in armour and holding weapons. The collection of Samurai armour contains over 80 suits and hundreds of swords.

References

External links

Art museums and galleries in Florence
Museums in Florence
Military and war museums in Italy

Stibbert Museum


On 1 December 1988, a LAZ-687 bus carrying thirty fourth-grade pupils and one teacher from school 42 in Ordzhonikidze, Soviet Union (now Vladikavkaz in Russia) was hijacked by five armed criminals, led by Pavel Yakshiyants.

The local authorities conceded to the hijackers' demands and provided an Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft to fly the hijackers to Israel. Upon landing at Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion Airport, however, the hijackers surrendered to local troops and police without resistance. They were extradited to the Soviet Union and sentenced to prison terms, although at that time Israel and the Soviet Union had no extradition treaty as relations were still severed at the time. All hostages were released. Then–Defense Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin criticized Soviet authorities for providing the hijackers with an aircraft and flying them to Israel in exchange for the release of the hostages.

Perpetrators
The five hijackers were Pavel Levonovich Yakshiyants, Vladimir Alexandrovich Muravlev, German Lvovich Vishnyakov, Vladimir Robertovich Anastasov and Tofiy Jafarov. Yakshiyants and Muravlev were convicts. Yakshiyants, an Armenian, was first convicted when he was 17 and sentenced to two years in prison for theft. Later he was sentenced to four years in prison for robbery. In 1972, he was sentenced to ten years, again for robbery, but in 1979 he was released on parole.

Hijacking
The schoolchildren had finished a field trip to a local printing plant when a man approached them saying he was the driver sent to take them home. Subsequently, the teacher and her 10- and 11-year-old pupils boarded the bus to find themselves the hostages of five armed people. The children were used as a human shield and bargaining chip. The hijackers rode to the local obkom and demanded about 2 million rubles (about US$3.3 million at the time) and an aircraft. The bus windows were curtained so that the law enforcement units could not see what was happening inside.

The authorities conceded, but the airport of Ordzhonikidze was unable to handle the large Ilyushin Il-76 cargo aircraft, that was sent. The hijackers rode to the airport of Mineralnye Vody, having a free passage. Alpha Group was mobilized for hostage rescue. It learned that the hijackers were planning to land in Tashkent to pick up their friend. Then they planned to fly to Pakistan, but changed their mind and chose Israel instead. According to Israeli Army commander Maj. Gen. Amram Mitzna, the hijackers believed they would be safe in Israel because they had heard that recent Israeli elections had produced an anticommunist government.

The aircraft, escorted by Israeli fighter aircraft, landed on a remote darkened runway. It was surrounded by army and police vehicles and ambulances. According to an Ilyushin Il-76 crew member, the hijackers asked whether this was Israel or Syria, and if it was Israel they would stay. Mitzna told that the hijackers demanded proof that they were actually in Israel, wanting to hear Yiddish or see a Star of David. When a soldier on the runway spoke a few words in Yiddish, the hijackers left the aircraft with their hands in the air. The hostages were flown back to Ordzhonikidze.

Media
The 1990 film Frenzied Bus was based on the hijacking.

References

1988 crimes in Russia
1988 in international relations
1988 in Israel
1988 in the Soviet Union
Aircraft hijackings
1988 crimes
December 1988 events
December 1988 events in Europe
Hostage taking in Russia
Israel–Soviet Union relations
Lod
Vladikavkaz

1988 Ordzhonikidze bus hijacking


Text to speech (TTS) is the use of software to create a sound output in the form of a spoken voice. The program that is used by programs to change text on the page to an audio output of the spoken voice is normally a text to speech engine. Blind people, people who do not see well, and people with reading disabililties can rely on good text-to-speech systems. That way they can listen to pieces of the text. TTS engines are needed for an audio output of machine translation results.

Up until about 2010, there was the analytic approach: This approach uses multiply steps to convert the text to speech. Usually, an input text is transformed into phonetic writing. Thgis says how the words are pronounced, and not how they are writen.In the phonetic writing, phonemes can be identified. The system can then produce speech by putting togethewr prerecorded or synthesized diphones. A problem is to make the language flow sound natural, what linguists call prosody.

As of 2022, deep learning is used. To get a good result, neural networks are trained with many  good samples.

Historically, the first systems for speech synthesis used formants. Industrial Systems today, mostly use signal processing.

History

Long before there was electronic signal processing, people tried to build machines that were capable of  producing human speech. Gerbert of Aurillac (the future Pope Sylvester II) is saidf to have constructed a talking head  which was able to say yes, and no, in the year 1003. Albertus Mahnus  (1198–1280) and Rogeer BVacon  (1214–1294) are also said to have constructed machines, but no records survive. Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein (1723-1795) built a machine in 1779, that was able to produce long vocals (a,e,i,o,u). He used modified organ pipes for his machine. The machine was called speech organ. Wolfgang von Kempelen started to develop a speech machine. In 1791, he published a paper "Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache nebst der Beschreibung seiner sprechenden Maschine" (Mechanism of human language, besides description of its speaking-machine). Like Kempele's machine it use a set of bellows to emulate the lungs. Unlike Katzensein, he only used a mechanism with a single pipe, which is more like the human vocal tract. Other than vocals, it could produce plosives, and some fricatives. Attached to theser "vocal chords" was a formable leather tube. Von Kempelen wrote:

"in einer Zeit von drei Wochen eine bewundernswerte Fertigkeit im Spielen erlangen, besonders wenn man sich auf die lateinische, französische oder italienische Sprache verlegt, denn die deutsche ist [aufgrund der häufigen Konsonantenbündel] um vieles schwerer." (gain an admirable skill in playing in a time of three weeks, especially if you go for Latin, French, or Italian, because German is much more difficult [due to the frequent consonant bundles].)

In 1837, Charles Wheatsone built a speaking machine following this principle, a copy can be found in the Deutsche Museum.In 1857, Jospeh Faber built Euphonia, which also uses this principle.

At the end of the 19th century, the focus changed: People no longer wanted to build copies of the vocal system, they wanted to simulate vocal space. Hermann von Helmholtz(1821-1895) used specially tuned forks to create vowels. The resonant frequencies are called formants. Combining different formants to generate speech was mainstream until the mid 1990s.

In the 1930s, Bell Labs developed vocoder, a machine that used a keyboard to synthesize speech. People said it generated speedch that was understandable.  Homer Dudley improved the design to the Voder, and presented it at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Voder used electronic oscillators to create formanr frequencies.

In the late 1950s, computers were first used to generate speech. The first complete text-to-sppech system using computers was completed in 1968.John Larry Kelly Jr. worked at Bell Labs at the time. He used an IBM 704 to make it sing the song Daisy Bell. Stanley Kubrick was so impressed that he integrated it into his movie 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Present

Up until about the millennium, the result of electronic speech synthesis was robot-like, and hard to understand, at times. Since then they are better to understand: the focus shiften from generating speech itself to recongizing the text, and putting together pre-recorded high-quality samples.

Other websites

Physics-based voice synthesis, at University of Brasilia.

References

Software
Language

Text to speech


W. Howard Lester (August 14, 1935 – November 15, 2010) was an American businessman who took over Williams-Sonoma, Inc. in 1976 and acquired Pottery Barn in 1986, building a major catalog retailer that had more than 600 stores and annual sales of $3.4 billion by the time of his death.

Biography
Lester was born on August 14, 1935, in Durant, Oklahoma, and worked in a series of jobs before enrolling at the University of Oklahoma. He dropped out of college and was drafted and served in the United States Army; he completed his degree after leaving military service.

Following a series of careers, including working for IBM, Lester founded an employment agency. By 1976, he built and sold a computer software company he had established and was looking for another prospective business opportunity. A friend told him about Williams-Sonoma, and Lester analyzed the business for months in detail. The company had been established in 1956 in Sonoma, California, and had grown to four stores. Its catalog business had grown substantially under the guidance of Edward Marcus, and the firm's founder Chuck Williams was looking to move on after Marcus died in 1976. Lester said, "I felt like I could run it better," and together with his partner James McMahan bought the company for $100,000 and the assumption of $700,000 in debt, at that point the company was generating around $4 million in annual revenue. Lester worked as the company's chief executive officer and initially focused on building the company's catalog sales. He focused on finding prime locations in malls starting in the 1980s at a pace of five new stores per year. Lester used his computer expertise to oversee the design of a database that tracked the buying habits of its 4.5 million customers. In 1986, Lester acquired Pottery Barn, a division of Gap that had sales of $6 million within its 25 stores. Lester stepped down as the company's chairman in the months before his death, by which time Williams-Sonoma and its network of catalogs had grown to 600 stores and annual sales of $3.4 billion.

Lester's contributions helped create the Lester Center for Entrepreneurship at the University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business.

A resident of Indian Wells, California, Lester died at the age of 75 on November 15, 2010, due to cancer. He was buried at the Mountain Cemetery in Sonoma, Sonoma County, California.

References

Businesspeople from California
People from Durant, Oklahoma
People from Indian Wells, California
United States Army soldiers
University of Oklahoma alumni
Deaths from cancer in California
1935 births
2010 deaths
Williams-Sonoma people
People from Sonoma, California
20th-century American businesspeople

W. Howard Lester


Computational astrophysics  refers to the methods and computing tools developed and used in astrophysics research. Like computational chemistry or computational physics, it is both a specific branch of theoretical astrophysics and an interdisciplinary field relying on computer science, mathematics, and wider physics. Computational astrophysics is most often studied through an applied mathematics or astrophysics programme at PhD level.

Well-established areas of astrophysics employing computational methods include magnetohydrodynamics, astrophysical radiative transfer, stellar and galactic dynamics, and astrophysical fluid dynamics. A recently developed field with interesting results is numerical relativity.

Research
Many astrophysicists use computers in their work, and a growing number of astrophysics departments now have research groups specially devoted to computational astrophysics. Important research initiatives include the US Department of Energy (DoE) SciDAC collaboration for astrophysics and the now defunct European AstroSim collaboration. A notable active project is the international Virgo Consortium, which focuses on cosmology.

In August 2015 during the general assembly of the International Astronomical Union a new
commission C.B1 on Computational Astrophysics was inaugurated, therewith recognizing the importance of astronomical discovery by computing.

Important techniques of computational astrophysics include particle-in-cell (PIC) and the closely related particle-mesh (PM), N-body simulations, Monte Carlo methods, as well as grid-free (with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) being an important example) and grid-based methods for fluids. In addition, methods from numerical analysis for solving ODEs and PDEs are also used.

Simulation of astrophysical flows is of particular importance as many objects and processes of astronomical interest such as stars and nebulae involve gases. Fluid computer models are often coupled with radiative transfer, (Newtonian) gravity, nuclear physics and (general) relativity to study highly energetic phenomena such as supernovae, relativistic jets, active galaxies and gamma-ray bursts and are also used to model stellar structure, planetary formation, evolution of stars and of galaxies, and exotic objects such as neutron stars, pulsars, magnetars and black holes. Computer simulations are often the only means to study stellar collisions, galaxy mergers, as well as galactic and black hole interactions.

In recent years the field has made increasing use of parallel and high performance computers.

Tools

Computational astrophysics as a field makes extensive use of software and hardware technologies. These systems are often highly specialized and made by dedicated professionals, and so generally find limited popularity in the wider (computational) physics community.

Hardware
Like other similar fields, computational astrophysics makes extensive use of supercomputers and computer clusters . Even on the scale of a normal desktop it is possible to accelerate the hardware. Perhaps the most notable such computer architecture built specially for astrophysics is the GRAPE (gravity pipe) in Japan.

As of 2010, the biggest N-body simulations, such as DEGIMA, do general-purpose computing on graphics processing units.

Software

Many codes and software packages, exist along with various researchers and consortia maintaining them. Most codes tend to be
n-body packages or fluid solvers of some sort. Examples of n-body codes include ChaNGa, MODEST, nbodylab.org and Starlab.

For hydrodynamics there is usually a coupling between codes, as the motion of the fluids usually has some other effect (such as gravity, or radiation) in astrophysical situations. For example, for SPH/N-body there is GADGET and SWIFT; for grid-based/N-body RAMSES, ENZO, FLASH, and ART.

AMUSE , takes a different approach (called Noah's Ark) than the other packages by providing an interface structure to a large number of publicly available astronomical codes for addressing stellar dynamics, stellar evolution, hydrodynamics and radiative transport.

See also
 Millennium Simulation, Eris, and Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation are astrophysical supercomputer simulations
 Plasma modeling
 Computational physics
 Theoretical astronomy and theoretical astrophysics
 Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation
 University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center

References

Further reading

Beginner/intermediate level:
   Astrophysics with a PC: An Introduction to Computational Astrophysics, Paul Hellings. Willmann-Bell; 1st English ed edition.
   Practical Astronomy with your Calculator, Peter Duffett-Smith. Cambridge University Press; 3rd edition 1988.

Advanced/graduate level:
	Numerical Methods in Astrophysics: An Introduction (Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics): Peter Bodenheimer, Gregory P. Laughlin, Michal Rozyczka, Harold. W Yorke. Taylor & Francis, 2006.
       Open cluster membership probability based on K-means clustering algorithm, Mohamed Abd El Aziz & I. M. Selim & A. Essam, Exp Astron., 2016
       Automatic Detection of Galaxy Type From Datasets of Galaxies Image Based on Image Retrieval Approach, Mohamed Abd El Aziz, I. M. Selim & Shengwu Xiong Scientific Reports 7, 4463, 2017

Journals (Open Access):
   Living Reviews in Computational Astrophysics
   Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology

Astrophysics
Computational physics
Computational fields of study

Computational astrophysics


The Omaha are a Native American tribe They live in eastern Nebraska and Western Iowa.

The Omaha tribe first lived near the Ohio and Wabash rivers. At some time, the tribe split into two parts, the Quapaw and Omaha tribe.  The Omaha settled on the Missouri River. The Quapaw tribe settled in the area that is Arkansas today. The Omaha tribe were first discovered by a French cartographer Guillaume Delisle in 1718. He called them "The Maha, a wandering nation. "  Delisle found them near the northern part of the Missouri river.

The first fur traders who discovered the Omaha joined the tribe by marriage. In the 1700s. the Omaha tribe was thriving. They were good at farming and hunting. The tribe usually hunted buffalo. They used all the animal parts as many tribes did.  Because the number of buffalo in the area became smaller, the Omaha tribe signed a treaty on March 16, 1854.

Native Americans

Omaha people


Robin Alan Thicke (born March 10, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his 2013 hit single "Blurred Lines", which is one of the best-selling singles of all time. At the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, he received nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.

Thicke is a son of actress Gloria Loring and actor Alan Thicke. He has collaborated with numerous artists, such as Nicki Minaj, 3T, T.I., Christina Aguilera, Jessie J, K. Michelle, Pharrell, DJ Cassidy, Usher, Jennifer Hudson, Flo Rida, Brandy, Kid Cudi, Mary J. Blige, Emily Ratajkowski and composed songs for Marc Anthony. He worked on albums such as Usher's Confessions and Lil Wayne's Tha Carter III, while releasing his own R&B singles in the United States including "Lost Without U", "Magic", and "Sex Therapy". He is currently a judge on the Fox musical competition show The Masked Singer.

1977–1998: Early years and family

Grammy mukofoti sovrindorlari
Amerikalik erkak televideniye aktyorlari
Amerikalik erkak pop-qoʻshiqchilar
Amerikalik erkak bola aktyorlar
Yashayotgan insonlar
1977-yilda tugʻilganlar
Qoʻshiqlari Billboard Hot 100 xit-paradida eng yuqori pogʻonaga koʻtarilgan ijrochilar

Robin Thicke


Kalldewey, Farce is a 1981 play by the German writer Botho Strauß. It follows a couple, Lynn and Hans, who are mysteriously unable to break up, are visited by an unknown man called Kalldewey, and go through a peculiar form of therapy.

The play was published in 1981 by Carl Hanser Verlag. It was premiered on stage on 31 January 1982 at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, directed by Niels-Peter Rudolph. It was awarded the 1982 Mülheimer Dramatikerpreis.

References

External links
 Presentation at Rowohlt Verlag

1981 plays
German-language plays
Plays by Botho Strauß

Kalldewey, Farce


The Chick Evans Field House is a 6,000-seat multi-purpose arena in DeKalb, Illinois, USA. The arena opened in 1956 and was home to the Northern Illinois University Huskies basketball team prior to the 2002 opening of the Convocation Center. It was named in honor of longtime NIU athletic director George "Chick" Evans. The building is now used for recreation, housing basketball, indoor soccer, and floor hockey. It is also the base of operations for the university's ROTC program. In addition some smaller-scale events, such as organizational expos by the Student Association, are still held here.

Over the years, the Field House was also used as a concert venue. Elton John played there in 1972, The Beach Boys in 1972, Santana played there on February 10, 1973.  KISS played there in 1974 (Kiss Tour '74). Frank Zappa played there in 1976. UK band Jethro Tull played there in 1975. Muddy Waters from Chicago played there in 1976. Charlie Daniels Band in 1976, Rockford's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee Cheap Trick played there twice (once in 1977), Grateful Dead in 1977, Blue Öyster Cult in 1978, Hall & Oates in 1978, Jefferson Starship (with Highland Park's Grace Slick) in 1979, Loverboy (from Canada) in 1981 with Kansas, UK's Peter Gabriel in 1982, The Kinks in 1983, R.E.M. in 1986, UB40 in 1988, Bob Dylan (from Duluth) in 1990, UK's Dire Straits in 1992, Black Crowes in 1993, Chicago's Veruca Salt in 1993, Rage Against the Machine (with Chicago's Tom Morello) in 1993 with Cypress Hill, Gin Blossoms in 1994, Blues Traveler with The Wallflowers in 1996, Counting Crows in 1997, Less Than Jake in 2000, and bluesman B.B. King in 2005.

References

College basketball venues in the United States
Basketball venues in Illinois
Defunct college basketball venues in the United States
Northern Illinois Huskies basketball venues
Buildings and structures in DeKalb County, Illinois
1956 establishments in Illinois
Sports venues completed in 1956

Chick Evans Field House


Columba Bush (née Garnica Gallo; ; born August 17, 1953) is a Mexican-American philanthropist. As the wife of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, she served as the First Lady of Florida from 1999 to 2007.

Early life
Columba Garnica Gallo was born in the community of Arperos, in the city of León, Guanajuato, Mexico, the daughter of José María Garnica Rodríguez (1925–2013), a migrant worker and waiter from Arperos, Guanajuato, and Josefina Gallo Esquivel (born 1920), from León, who were married in February 1949.  Columba's father emigrated to the United States in 1956 when she was 3 years old and her parents divorced in 1963.  Following the departure of her father, Columba and her mother remained in León.

Garnica attended Instituto Antonia Mayllen, a private Catholic school in the historic center of León.

She met Jeb Bush in 1970 in León when she was 16 years old and he was 17.  Bush was teaching English as a second language and assisting in the building of a school in the small nearby village of Ibarrilla as part of a class at Andover called Man and Society.

Garnica and Bush married on February 23, 1974, in Austin, Texas at the chapel in the Catholic student center on the campus of the University of Texas.  At the time of the wedding, she did not yet speak English fluently and a part of the wedding ceremony was conducted in Spanish.

Politics

In 1988, she appeared in a Spanish-language campaign commercial for her father-in-law, George H. W. Bush, in his campaign for President and she presented a nominating speech for him, also in Spanish, at the Republican National Convention in New Orleans.  But, for the most part, she tends to be uninvolved in politics.

As First Lady of Florida, Bush advocated for Florida Coalition Against Domestic Violence, the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, and Arts for Life, a group that gives scholarships to young artists.

Columba Bush has been active in promoting the arts. In 1999, she worked with Arts for a Complete Education/Florida Alliance for Arts Education (ACE/FAAE) to create Arts for Life!, a program devoted to increasing the importance of art in the education system.

As First Lady she put together various art exhibitions focusing on Salvador Dalí, Diego Rivera, and Frida Kahlo, and Florida artists.

Bush has been active in programs to warn young people of the dangers of drug abuse.  She has worked on treatment and prevention programs such as the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). She has served as co-chair of the NIAAA initiative, Leadership to Keep Children Alcohol Free, and has served on the board of the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

As First Lady, she visited shelters, studied reports on addiction in adolescence, put together exhibitions, and connected donors with charities.

In 2003, as First Lady of Florida, Bush was part of a delegation to Rome to celebrate John Paul II's 25th anniversary as Pope, at St. Peter's Basilica.

Bush used her platform to become an advocate on issues like domestic violence, substance abuse, and the arts, and she has been involved with organizations that advocate substance abuse treatment and prevention.

During her husband's 2016 presidential election campaign, Bush visited women's shelters in Iowa and New Hampshire.

Personal life
Columba has been known to be quiet and reserved, and before marrying Jeb Bush, she had wanted to live a quiet life.

Bush and her husband reside in Coral Gables, Florida.  Columba Bush's relationship with her mother was the subject of a brief profile in the book Mamá: Latina Daughters Celebrate Their Mothers by María Pérez-Brown. Her sister, Lucila del Carmen Schmitz (born October 1951), and her mother live near her in the Miami area.

The couple has three children: George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976, in Texas), Noelle Lucila Bush (born July 26, 1977, in Texas), and John Ellis "Jeb" Bush Jr. (born December 13, 1983, in Miami).

Their eldest son, George, went to Gulliver Preparatory School, studied at Rice University, and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas School of Law.  He is an attorney, U.S. Navy Reserve officer, real estate investor, and politician, who served as the Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office.

In addition to her three children, Columba Bush has four grandchildren: two by George P. and two by Jeb Jr.

Columba Bush has two older brothers, including Francisco Jose Garnica (born December 1949), who currently lives in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, and a sister, Lucila del Carmen Garnica Gallo (born in 1951).

A practicing Roman Catholic, she is a member of Regnum Christi.  In 2007, with her husband Jeb, she attended the Regnum Christi Family Convention in Atlanta.

References

Further reading
 Parga, Beatriz (2004). Columba Bush, Grijalbo, .
 Perez-Brown, Maria (2003). Mama: Latina Daughters Celebrate Their Mothers, Rayo, .

External links
 Genealogy of Columba Garnica Gallo

1953 births
20th-century American women
21st-century American women
21st-century American philanthropists
American politicians of Mexican descent
Hispanic and Latino American women in politics
Bush family
First ladies and gentlemen of Florida
Florida Republicans
Living people
Mexican emigrants to the United States
Mexican philanthropists
Mexican Roman Catholics
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from León, Guanajuato
People from Coral Gables, Florida
Catholics from Florida
21st-century women philanthropists
Latino conservatism in the United States

Columba Bush


A BAT keyboard is a one-handed chording keyboard consisting of a base, on which the hand rests, and seven keys. Through pressing combinations of keys, one can attain the same functions as a regular keyboard.

The keyboard can be useful for those with a disability and also as a complement to the mouse, on which the other hand can remain. The BAT keyboard exists in left-handed and right-handed versions, which can also be used simultaneously with each other or even with another alphanumeric keyboard if desired.

See also
Chorded keyboard

External links
BAT keyboard — One-handed desktop chording keyboard
Manual shows chord layout

Computer keyboard types
Physical ergonomics

BAT keyboard


Castle Archdale in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland is a former estate on the shores of Lough Erne Lower, the key feature of which today is Castle Archdale Country Park. There is also a caravan park. The former estate is situated near Lisnarick and Irvinestown, in the broader hinterland of Enniskillen, and the park is owned and run by the Northern Ireland Environment Agency.

History
 The park was once an estate owned by the Archdale family, who arrived in 1614 during the Plantation of Ulster. The castle was built in 1615 by John Archdale (died 1621), a Plantation undertaker from Norfolk. The castle was built on a T-plan with a defensive bawn 66 ft by 64 ft and 15 ft high with flankers at each corner. He was succeeded by his son, Edward. The castle was destroyed for the first time by Rory Maguire during the Irish Rebellion of 1641. It was destroyed again in 1689, during the Williamite wars. The ruins of the old castle itself are situated in the old area of the park.

In 1773 a mansion was built approximately 1 mile south west of the original castle ruins. During World War II it was requisitioned as the wartime headquarters for RAF Castle Archdale. The manor fell out of use after the war, and was finally demolished in 1970. All that now remains is a huge cobbled courtyard surrounded by white outbuildings, housing an information centre and tearooms.

World War II

During World War II, RAF Castle Archdale housed up to 2,500 people and was a major base for flying boats. PBY Catalinas and Short Sunderlands flew from Castle Archdale to protect Atlantic shipping from German U-boats. Today's caravan site sits on the concrete maintenance area where aircraft were serviced, and a museum in the park holds exhibits from the World War II period.

Although Ireland maintained neutrality in World War II, a secret agreement between Eamon de Valera and the United Kingdom government allowed aircraft from RAF Castle Archdale to use the Donegal Corridor. This short strip of airspace over Ireland allowed aircraft to fly directly to the Atlantic, from Belleek in Northern Ireland via Ballyshannon in Ireland. This avoided a long detour north towards Derry, and then west into the Atlantic, and extended the range of protection that the Castle Archdale aircraft could offer to the Atlantic convoys.

In May 1941, two Catalinas from Castle Archdale were instrumental in the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck. They spotted the damaged warship in the Atlantic, while it was attempting to return to Brest in France for repairs, after having been damaged by torpedo attack by aircraft from HMS Victorious. This allowed Fairey Swordfish aircraft from HMS Ark Royal to further attack with torpedos, causing fatal damage to Bismarck.

Transport
 There is a ferry to White Island which leaves from Castle Archdale marina.
 Castle Archdale private railway station opened on 13 June 1866, but finally closed on 3 July 1950.

Sport
A range of water and land based activities are available from a commercial outlet located in the marina car park.

References

Links
 Culture Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland coast and countryside
Northern Ireland Environment Agency properties
Nature reserves in Northern Ireland
Protected areas of County Fermanagh
Museums in County Fermanagh
World War II museums in the United Kingdom
Military and war museums in Northern Ireland
Register of Parks, Gardens and Demesnes of Special Historic Interest
State Care Monuments of Northern Ireland

Castle Archdale


Edmund Calamy (5 April 1671 – 3 June 1732) was an English Nonconformist churchman and historian.

Life
A grandson of Edmund Calamy the Elder, he was born in the City of London, in the parish of St Mary Aldermanbury. He was sent to various schools, including Merchant Taylors', and in 1688 proceeded to Utrecht University. While there, he declined an offer of a professor's chair in the University of Edinburgh made to him by the principal, William Carstares, who had gone over on purpose to find suitable men for such posts.

After his return to England in 1691 he began to study divinity, and on Richard Baxter's advice went to Oxford, where he was much influenced by William Chillingworth. He declined invitations from Andover and Bristol, and accepted one as assistant to Matthew Sylvester at Blackfriars, London (1692).  In June 1694 he was publicly ordained at Samuel Annesley's meeting-house in Little St Helen's, Bishopsgate, and soon afterwards was invited to become assistant to Daniel Williams in Hand Alley, Bishopsgate. In 1702 he was chosen one of the lecturers in Salters' Hall, and in 1703 he succeeded Vincent Alsop as pastor of a large congregation in Tothill Street, Westminster. Calamy was a moderate Presbyterian, following the theology of Baxter.

In 1709 Calamy made a tour through Scotland, and had the degree of Doctor of Divinity conferred on him by the universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Glasgow.

His friendship with Williams was important for his development as a historian.  He was appointed one of the original trustees of the Presbyterian Fund in 1703, and, on the foundation of Dr Williams Charity, was his legacy trustee. This enabled the construction of the Dr Williams's Library in Red Cross Street.

He died on 3 June 1732 and was buried on 9 June at St Mary Aldermanbury. He married twice, leaving six of his thirteen children to survive him. His eldest son was Edmund Calamy IV (1698-1755), Presbyterian minister in London. His son (Edmund, the fifth) was a barrister who died in 1816; and this one's son (Edmund, the sixth) died in 1850, his younger brother Michael, the last of the direct Calamy line, surviving till 1876.

Works
Calamy's forty-one publications are mainly sermons, but his fame rests on his nonconformist biographies. His great hero was Richard Baxter, of whom he wrote three distinct memoirs.

His first essay was a table of contents to Baxter's Narrative of his life and times, which was sent to the press in 1696; he made some remarks on the work itself and added to it an index, and, reflecting on the usefulness of the book, he saw the expediency of continuing it, as Baxter's history came no further than the year 1684. Accordingly, he composed an abridgment of it, with an account of many other ministers who were ejected in 1662 after the Restoration of Charles II; their apology, containing the grounds of their nonconformity and practice as to stated and occasional communion with the Church of England; and a continuation of their history until the year 1691. This work was published in 1702. The most important chapter (ix.) is that which gives a detailed account of the ministers ejected in 1662; it was afterwards published as a distinct volume. He afterwards published a moderate defence of Nonconformity, in three tracts, in answer to some tracts of Benjamin Hoadly.

In 1713 he published a second edition (2 vols.) of his Abridgment of Baxter's History, in which, among various additions, there is a continuation of the history through the reigns of William and Anne, down to the passing of the Occasional Bill. At the end of volume 1 is subjoined the reformed liturgy, which was drawn up and presented to the bishops in 1661. Volume 2 is an expansion of chapter ix. of the 1702 edition giving greater detail about ministers ejected in 1662.

In 1718 he wrote a vindication of his grandfather and several other persons against certain reflections cast upon them by Laurence Echard in his History of England. In 1719 he published The Church and the Dissenters Compar'd as to Persecution, and in 1727 appeared his Continuation of the Account of the ejected ministers and teachers, a volume which is really a series of emendations of the previously published account.

 A Defence of Moderate Non-Conformity: In Answer to the Reflections of Mr. Ollyffe and Mr. Hoadly, on the Tenth Chapter of the Abridgment of the Life of the Reverend Mr. Rich. Baxter (1703)
 Volume 1
 Volume 2
 Volume 3
 The Inspiration of the Holy Writings of the Old and New Testament Consider'd and Improv'd.: In Fourteen Sermons Preach'd at the Merchants Lecture at Salters Hall (1710)
 An account of the Ministers, Lecturers, Masters, and Fellows of Colleges and Schoolmasters: Who Were Ejected or Silenced after the Restoration in 1660, By or Before, the Act of Uniformity; Design'd for the Preserving to Posterity the Memory of Their Names, Characters, Writings, and Sufferings (1713)
 A Letter to Mr. Archdeacon Echard Upon Occasion of his History of England... (1718)
 An Answer to Dr. Edmund Calamy's Letter to Mr. Archdeacon Echard Upon Occasion of his History of England... (1718)
 Thirteen Sermons Concerning the Doctrine of the Trinity: Preached at the Merchant's-Lecture, at Salter's-Hall ; Together with a Vindication of That Celebrated Text, I John v. 7 from Being Spurious... (1722)

References

Sources
The correspondence of the Rev. Robert Wodrow

External links

Edmund Calamy's Revision of the Autobiography of Richard Baxter, 1702, second edition 1713 and 1727 additions and amendments as PDFs

Attribution

1671 births
1732 deaths
English Presbyterian ministers
People from the City of London
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
English sermon writers
18th-century English non-fiction writers
18th-century English male writers
18th-century English writers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
18th-century English Presbyterian ministers

Edmund Calamy (historian)


Languaculture means that a language includes elements such as grammar and vocabulary, past knowledge, local and cultural information, habits, and behaviors. The American anthropologist Michael Agar created the term.

Meaning
Agar used the term "languaculture" for the first time in his book Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation. Languaculture is a supposed improvement on the word "linguaculture" coined by the American linguistic anthropologist Paul Friedrich. Agar explains the change by stating that "language" is a more commonly used word in English. "Lingua culture" seems to be becoming more common (cf. Risager 2012).

When Agar talks about languaculture, he defines it as the necessary tie between language and culture. He underlines that languages and cultures are always closely related and it is not possible to distinguish languages from cultures. Therefore, you cannot know a language if you don't also know the culture expressed by that language.

The notion of culture and its understanding involve the link between two different languacultures that Agar defines as LC1 (source languaculture) and LC2 (target languaculture).

Rich points
The learning of target languaculture is driven by "rich points," when people realize that culture is different from their own and when they face some behaviors they do not understand. Rich points are those surprises, those departures from an outsider's expectations that signal a difference between source languaculture and target languaculture. They are the moments of incomprehension when people suddenly do not know what is happening. In this situation, different reactions are possible. People can ignore the rich point and hope the next part makes sense. People can perceive it as evidence that the person who produced it lacks something. Or people can wonder why they do not understand and if maybe some other languaculture comes into play. Therefore, rich points belong to daily life and not only to language. Agar highlights that the term rich has the positive connotations of thickness, wealth, and abundance. The most significant rich point is the incomprehension due to huge differences between source and target languaculture. In this case, people face a "culture shock" that causes deep bewilderment. The minor rich point can occur among different groups of the same community.

Rich points come from the fact that every statement implicitly refers to various elements taken for granted in a particular culture and does not match the details of another culture (cultural implicitness).

Culture in languaculture
According to Agar, culture is a construction, a translation between source languaculture and target languaculture. Like a translation, it makes no sense to talk about the culture of X without saying the culture of X for Y, taking into account the standpoint from which it is observed. For this reason, culture is relational.
Moreover, culture is always plural. No person or group can be completely described, explained, or generalized with a single cultural label.

Notes

References
 Agar, Michael, The professional stranger: An informal introduction to ethnography, New York, Academic Press, 1996.
 Byrnes, Heidi, Advanced Language Learning: The Contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky, London, Continuum, 2006.
 Friedrich, Paul, Language, Ideology, and Political Economy in American Anthropologist, 91, 2, 1989, pp. 295–312.
 Hansen, Hans Lauge, Disciplines and Interdisciplinarity in Foreign Language Studies, Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2004.
 Risager, Karen, Language and Culture: Global Flows and Local Complexity, Clevedon, Multilingual Matters, 2006.
 Risager, Karen, Linguaculture, in Carol A. Chapelle ed. Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, Wiley 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0709

Anthropological linguistics
Sociolinguistics
Language
Culture

Languaculture


Balnaguard Glen is a Scottish Wildlife Trust reserve near the village of Balnaguard, Perthshire. It is notable for its juniper woodland, which is amongst the largest in Perthshire.

Description
The reserve covers an area of 55 hectares, through which the Balnagurad Burn runs. The gully is steep-sided, and once hosted a footpath, though landslips have made the old route dangerous and impassable. There are several waterfalls. To the east of the gully lies a birch wood, and to the west are numerous areas of juniper woodland.

Flora
The glen was formerly more extensively wooded, and there have been recent tree plantings adjoining the birch wood in order to diversify the variety of plant and animal life. The juniper woodland, which lies primarily in the west of the reserve, needs to be maintained by the frequent removal of fast-growing bracken, which would otherwise swamp the slow-growing juniper. Further west, beyond the juniper, is an area of grassland.

Fauna
There are numerous species which may be observed in the reserve, namely red deer, mountain hare, kestrels and pine martens.

Accessibility
There is a small car park at the foot of the reserve, just outside the village. There is a way marked trail, but it is steep and rough, and can be difficult to pass in wet weather. It is dangerous to try to access the gully, as the land there is unstable and very prone to landslides.

References

External links
Balnaguard Glen Reserve - Scottish Wildlife Trust

Nature reserves in Scotland
Protected areas of Perth and Kinross

Balnaguard Glen


The Inner Circle is a 2011 novel written by Brad Meltzer about Beecher White, a young man working in the National Archives. While working in the archives, Beecher and his childhood crush discover a 200-year-old dictionary belonging to George Washington. For reasons unknown, the sitting president keeps the dictionary hidden. Beecher wants to discover why, and the answer leads to murder, conspiracy, and the best-kept secret that all U.S. presidents have shared.

According to WorldCat, the book is in 2082 libraries.

Plot synopsis
Beecher White works in the National Archives. That means he spends his working days protecting the most important documents of the U.S. government and history. This means he keeps other people's stories, but has never been part of the story. Until now.

One day, Beecher's old childhood crush shows up to ask Beecher for his help hunting down her long lost father. Hoping to impress Clementine, he takes her to a secret vault which the President uses to review highly classified documents. While in the vault, they accidentally stumble on a priceless artifact: a 200-year-old dictionary hidden in a secret desk compartment that once belonged to George Washington. The diary is the spark that ignites an adventure involving Clementine, Beecher and the highest reaches of the national government. A dead body and a trail of mystery obstruct Beecher's discovery of the truth behind this national treasure.  Within the diary is a coded puzzle that hides a dark secret that tracks all the way back to the beginning of the United States. It is a secret that some will kill to keep secret.

References

External links
 http://bradmeltzer.com/book/the-inner-circle/

2011 American novels
Books by Brad Meltzer
Grand Central Publishing books

The Inner Circle (Meltzer novel)


Mutyala Muggu () is a 1975 Indian Telugu-language drama film adaptation of Uttara Ramayana from the writer-director duo of Ramana and Bapu. The film stars Sangeeta, Sreedhar, Kanta Rao, Rao Gopal Rao, Mukkamala, Allu Ramalingaiah and Nutan Prasad. The film has garnered two National Film Awards. The film recorded as blockbuster at the box office. Rao Gopal Rao received widespread acclaim for his role. The film was remade in Hindi as Jeevan Jyoti (1976).

Plot
Raja Rao Bahadur (Kanta Rao) is the head of a wealthy and charitable landlord family who has a young son Sreedhar. At his son's request, Rao helps his college friend (Hari) with the costs of higher education abroad. Hari is grateful and invites Sreedhar to his sister Laxmi's (Sangeeta) wedding in the village. Due to unusual circumstances, Sreedhar ends up marrying Lakshmi. This enrages Mukkamala who is the Raja's brother-in-law, who was hopeful of getting his daughter (Jaya Malini) married to Sreedhar.

What makes matters worse is that Laxmi wins over the royal household with her humility and good nature while Sreedhar falls in love with her innocence. She accidentally discovers a stash of the estate jewels in a well. Joginatham and Mukkamala try to implicate the Priest. Laxmi suggests that since they do not know conclusively as to who stole jewels, they should spare the Priest. Mukkamala, at the suggestion of the estate manager Joginatham (Allu Ramalingiah), then approaches Contractor (Rao Gopala Rao). Contractor agrees to break up the couple. But Contractor eyes the entire estate and its valuables and he entrap Mukkamala. He uses Kishtaiyya (Nutan Prasad) and creates suspicion in Sreedhar's mind with a sinister plan. Sreedhar falls prey to his doubts, comes to the conclusion that Laxmi is cheating on him and is only interested in his wealth.

He sends off pregnant Laxmi with all the family jewels. Laxmi gives the jewels off to Joginatham and decides to end her life. She is rescued by the Priest at whose house she gives birth to twins (a boy and a girl). Meanwhile, back at the estate, Sreedhar is depressed and loses interest in life and curses out Mukkamala when he proposes that Sreedhar should marry his daughter. The contractor then fixes up Kishtayya with Jaya Malini and proceeds to squeeze Mukkamala out of his money. After that, he takes possession of several antiques that Joginatham was trying to sell.

All that's left is the Deity's Jewels. The Raja who is distraught with the whole lifeless situation of the estate decides to leave the Deity's Jewels in the temple itself and wanders the villages. He stumbles upon Laxmi's kids (his grandkids), discovers the truth and requests Laxmi to come back. Laxmi refuses to come back and declares that this does not work with recommendations and that Sreedhar himself has to accept his mistake and come to her and ask her to come back. The Raja with the help of the kids and Sreedhar's friend hatch a plan to set things right with Sreedhar and beat the Contractor at his own game.

Cast
 Sangeeta as Lakshmi, Sreedhar's wife
 Sreedhar as Sreedhar, Raja Rao's son
 Kanta Rao as Raja Rao Bahadur
 Rao Gopal Rao as Contractor
 Allu Ramalingaiah as Joginadham
 Mukkamala as Raja's brother-in-law
 Sakshi Ranga Rao
 Nutan Prasad as Kishtayya
 Jayamalini as Kistayya's wife
 Suryakantam as Contractor's wife
 Pisupati Venkateswara Rao as temple Pujari
Mada

Production
The movie was shot mostly outdoors in the Gyan Bagh Palace in Hyderabad and on the Pulidindi Canal.

Soundtrack
 "Entati Rasikudavo Teliseraa"
 Lyrics by C. Narayana Reddy, Playback Singer: P. Susheela & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
 "Gogulu Pooche Gogulu Kache O Laccha Gummadi"
 Lyrics by C. Narayana Reddy, Playback Singer: P. Susheela & S.P. Balasubrahmanyam & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
 "Edo Edo Annadi Eee Masaka Veluturu"
 Lyrics by C. Narayana Reddy, Playback Singer: V. Ramakrishna & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
 "Nidurinche Totaloki Paata Okati Vachindi"
 Lyrics by Gunturu Seshendra Sharma, Playback Singer: P. Susheela & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
 "Mutyamanta Pasupu Mukhamento Chhaaya"
 Lyrics by Arudra, Playback Singer: P. Susheela & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
 "Sri Rama Jayarama Seetarama"
 Lyrics by Arudra, Playback Singer: M. Balamuralikrishna & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan

Awards
National Film Awards - 1975
 National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu
 National Film Award for Best Cinematography - Ishan Arya

Nandi Awards - 1975
 Second Best Feature Film - Silver - M. V. L. Narasimha Rao

References

1975 films
1970s Telugu-language films
Films based on the Ramayana
Indian fantasy drama films
Films directed by Bapu
Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award
1970s fantasy drama films
Films scored by Sajjad Hussain
Telugu films remade in other languages
Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan
Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners
1975 drama films

Mutyala Muggu


Spark plug wires (also called high tension leads) are electrical cables used by older internal combustion engines to transmit high-voltage electricity from the distributor to the spark plugs . Tension in this instance is a synonym for voltage. High tension may also be referred to as HT.

Many modern engines use coil-on-plug ignition, a design that does not use spark plug wires.

Design

Spark plug wires have an outer insulation several times thicker than the conductor, made of a very flexible and heat-resistant material such as silicone or EPDM rubber. The thick insulation prevents arcing from the cable to an earthed engine component.  A rubber "boot" covers each terminal. Dielectric grease can be used to improve insulation; a small amount can be applied in the inside of the rubber boot at each end of each wire to help seal out moisture.  Printing on spark plug wires may include a brand name, insulation thickness (in millimeters), insulation material type, cylinder number, and conductor type (suppressor or solid wire).

The wire from each spark plug is just long enough to reach the distributor, without excess. Each lead contains only one wire, as the current does not return through the same lead, but through the earthed/grounded engine which is connected to the opposite battery terminal (negative terminal on modern engines). Each end of a spark plug wire has a metal terminal that clips onto the spark plug and distributor, coil, or magneto. There are dedicated spark plug wire pliers, tools designed for removing the terminal from a spark plug without damaging it.

To reduce radio frequency interference (RFI) produced by the spark being radiated by the wires, which may cause malfunction of sensitive electronic systems in modern vehicles or interfere with the car radio, various means in the spark plug and associated lead have been used over time to reduce the nuisance:
 Copper conductors (no suppression)
 Resistor in spark plug with copper conductor
 Compressed carbon powder as conductor in the lead to act as a resistor
 Stainless steel wire wound as a coil in the lead with a resistance of about 1300 ohms/meter since 1980s. This acts as an inductor and a resistor

Coil wire
Older ignition systems with a separate ignition coil use a coil wire between the ignition coil and the distributor. A coil wire is of the same construction as a spark plug wire, but generally shorter and with different terminals. Some distributors have an ignition coil built inside them, eliminating the need for a separate coil wire, such as the High Energy Ignition (HEI) system used by General Motors in the 1970s and 1980s.

Some engines instead used multiple ignition coils (one for each pair of cylinders) built into a coil pack, eliminating the need for a distributor and coil wire.

Alternatives
Many modern car engines use coil-on-plug ignition, which eliminates the need for spark plug wires.

Diesel engines do not use spark plugs, and therefore do not use spark plug wires either.

See also
Power cable

References

Auto parts
Ignition systems
Electric power distribution
Engine components

Spark plug wires


Peiker Acustic GmbH & Co. KG (styled all-lower-case as "peiker acustic" in the official company logo) is a family-owned and  company, based in Friedrichsdorf, Taunus, Germany, with about 940 employees worldwide. Since 1946, the company has specialized in manufacturing electronic products including microphones, loudspeakers, handsets for radio and mobile telephone use, Bluetooth hands-free kits, and in-vehicle multimedia systems.

In 2013, the Peiker group of companies generated approximately 173 million  euros in sales. In 2014, the group of companies was able to generate sales of around 240 million euros. After the closure of large portions of the Milupa plant in Friedrichsdorf, Peiker is now the city's largest employer.

Clients
Peiker Acustic's main clients include well-known automotive and mobile phone manufacturers, along with various industrial firms, police and fire departments, emergency medical services, government agencies and official bodies and Public transit agencies. The company's specialties include the fields of acoustics (with analog and digital signal processing), validation,, and the manufacturing, construction and development of hardware and software for in-vehicle communications devices.

Geographic location and corporate structure

The company's headquarters are located in the city of Friedrichsdorf, in Germany's Taunus region. International affiliates include Peiker Acustic, Inc., based in Irving, Texas, a subsidiary named Peiker France SAS in Paris, the subsidiary Peiker de México S.A. de C.V. in Ciudad Juárez, and Pei Tel Communications GmbH, which is based in the town of Teltow, Germany, and is responsible for worldwide sales of the company's product range for government agencies. In addition, Peiker has a trading company in Shanghai, China.

Since 2007, 100 percent of Peiker Acustic has once again been owned, indirectly, by the family that founded the company.
The president of the company is Andreas Peiker, Reinhard Kromer-von Baerle is the Managing Director, while Dr. Helmut Rothenberger, is the chairman of the supervisory board. The company's main building, located in the Friedrichsdorf industrial zone on Max-Planck-Strasse, houses production, warehouse, and administrative space, and a plastics injection facility is located in the adjacent neighborhood of Köppern. In addition, since 1996 the company has had a logistics center directly adjacent to that facility. The company's development department, which is critically important to its activities, is located in various buildings and some of its functions are also performed at Peiker locations abroad.

Certifications
In the past, the company has successfully obtained a number of certifications, such as ISO 9001, QS 9000 and VDA 6.1, ISO/TS 16949:2002, and the ISO 14001:1996 environmental certificate.

History
In 1946, Heinrich Peiker and his father-in-law Paul Beerwald founded the company Beerwald & Co. for the manufacture and sale of piezoelectric and acoustic devices. The company was initially headquartered in the city of Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. The company made its major breakthrough with the development of a piezoelectric microphone whose electric adaptation was precisely tailored to the vacuum tube amplifiers commonly used at the time; the company revised and improved it several times over the years.

During the years that followed, Peiker Acustic achieved one historic milestone after another: In 1957, American balloonist Major David G. Simons was the first person to travel to more than 30,000 meters in altitude, wearing a special microphone from Peiker  built into his helmet as he did so. Four years later, the Peiker hand microphone TM70 for UHER Report brand audiotape devices was the first microphone used on a climb in the Himalayas.

The company relocated its head office, in 1962, to the town of Ober-Eschbach, and in 1967 the company name was also changed, to Peiker Acustic, Fabrik Elektroakustischer Geräte, Heinrich Peiker GmbH & Co. KG. Ten years later, Heinrich Peiker was awarded the Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany by the then Minister of Economics of the German state of Hesse, Heinz-Herbert Karry, in honor of his entrepreneurial and social achievements. The company continued to bring out new microphones and speakers. To ensure that the firm stayed in the family, Andreas Peiker (who had been managing director since 1981) took over as the head of the company in 1983, following the death of his father.

Over the next few years, changes took shape within the company's portfolio: With the development of handsets for mobile telephony, the first Bluetooth hands-free kit for in-car use for Siemens, and the first digital answering machine for Alcatel, Peiker Acustic entered a new product segment as an OEM (original equipment manufacturer). The company's focus increasingly shifted to supplying communications for the mobile phone market and automotive industry, and this gradually replaced microphone manufacturing as the mainstay of Peiker's business.

In 1992, the company relocated its headquarters and changed its name for the last time. Now, Peiker Acustic GmbH & Co. KG has its headquarters in the industrial zone on Max-Planck-Strasse in Friedrichsdorf. At the same time, Pei Tel Communications GmbH was established in the town of Teltow, in Greater Berlin. The new company was founded for the development and sale of the Peiker standard product range. In addition, the company established a partnership with ALAC GmbH, a manufacturer of multimedia hands-free kits. In 1993, Peiker established its first foreign subsidiary, Peiker France S.a.r.l. (now Peiker France SAS), based in Paris. In 1996, the company expanded its activities in North America with its new subsidiary, Peiker Acustic, Inc., originally based in Auburn, Georgia, USA. This branch location was ultimately relocated to Dallas, Texas in 1999.

In 2000, Peiker succeeded, in cooperation with ELSA, in launching one of the world's first Bluetooth hands-free kits for vehicles. A year later, Peiker opened a technical office in Detroit.  In 2004, another production site was opened, Peiker México, in Ciudad Juárez. The same year, the company also established its competency center in the town of Böblingen, Germany, dedicated primarily to speech input systems and vehicle connections. In 2005, Peiker developed the first full in-car integration system for the Apple iPod. In June 2006, Peiker dedicated its new logistics center, occupying more than 3000 m² of space, on the grounds of its headquarters in Friedrichsdorf. In 2008, the company decided to purchase a neighboring plot of land offering 12,000 m² of space, with an eye to further expansion.
In 2011, Peiker developed a module suitable for automotive applications which supports the automatic European eCall (emergency call) function. These telematics units now form the main business area of the company.

In 2014, Peiker presented its "All Wireless" concept at the Connected Cars event in Amsterdam.

In December 2015 Peiker was sold for an undisclosed price to the French automotive supplier Valeo.

References

Audio equipment manufacturers of Germany
Electronics companies established in 1946
Electronic kit manufacturers
Information technology companies of Germany
Mobile phone manufacturers
1946 establishments in Germany

Peiker Acustic


A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis is a 2005 book by Ian Lowe which argues that the warnings from environmental scientists are urgent and unequivocal. Professor Lowe suggests that resources are being used too quickly, environmental systems are being compromised, and society is being destabilised by the increasing gap between rich and poor. Lowe proposes several radical solutions. He advocates a fundamental change to our personal values and social institutions and provides a vision of a healthier society – one that is more humane, takes an eco-centric approach, adopts longer-term thinking, and respects natural systems.

See also
List of Australian environmental books

References

Australian non-fiction books
Environment of Australia
Environmental non-fiction books
2005 non-fiction books
2005 in the environment
Climate change books
Books by Ian Lowe

A Big Fix


Rudolf Pap (born 16 November 1991) is a Hungarian-born award-winning animator and model.

He was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1991 and he is most famous about his exceptional skills in 2D animation. He was discovered in 2009 when he won an international competition held by Australian singer Kylie Minogue.

Discovery and childhood

He was born 16 November in Budapest as an only child. He was raised in Érd. He began to draw very early - his biggest inspirations were Disney films, Andersen paintings, anime, fashion and famous artists like Walt Disney, Hayao Miyazaki and Gábor Csupó. Then he started to try to do animations when he was 10 - inspired by Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball.
During this time he developed his skills both as an animator and background painter into professional level although he never attended any art school - he taught himself only from books.
He both writes and creates his products.

Competition winning and international career beginnings

In early 2009, Pap decided to make his first own cartoon, but because he wouldn't be able to dub it he decided to create a music video.
He started to work on the video for "Speakerphone", then he sent a 20 second long preview to the singer's management. Soon after that an international competition was announced by Kylie Minogue for her "Speakerphone" track. Pap finished his video and submitted along with a lot of other submissions internationally but in the end he won the contest with his first work and at the age of 19.
On 4 October his music video premiered in Hollywood before Minogue's concert in the Bowl. The video can be seen on her official website.
In 2014 he entered to several Film festivals with his first short film, 'Closer the Animation', which is available from 20 May at the same year.

Media attention
After the premier in Hollywood, the Hungarian media discovered that a Hungarian contestant had won - then the next few weeks Rudolf Pap was the main new in several magazines and television programs.

Next to the big attention, Pap received a lot of offers for music videos both from Hungary and internationally.
He told in an interview on Viva TV he already picked the two best offers - one from Hungary and one from Russia.
In mid October he was invited to Kecskemét (the Hungarian basis of animation) to premier his video first in Hungary in a local cinema.
To bring something new to this event, Pap created a short film - a crossover with the characters of his two biggest inspirations - Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball. The short film called Cross Tale and its trailer were shown on the Hungarian MTV on October - after that, Pap got an offer for dubbing if he would make a decent cartoon from Cross Tale. Because of this Pap converted the short film into a teaser trailer - to not reveal the story of Cross Tale. According to this trailer, he will make an OVA and it will premiere in 2010.
In the August issue of AS Magazine there was an interview with him, where he said that he has some difficulties with the rights, so the progress of the project is slowed down.

In 2011 he won the "Most Anticipated New Artist" award at the Swiss Animation Awards.

Other projects

Next to being an animator he is a university student and has been a model for 2 years. He was discovered in 2009 by his agent in a restaurant while he was with one of his friends. Since then he signed to Visage Models and working internationally.
He was the cover model for the 2010 fashion exhibition "Face killed the reality" in Prague and featured in the May issue of In Style Magazine.
At the end of 2010 he was featured in various international editorials and was one of the face of Hungarian label, Poster Urban Outfit FW2010.
According to some of his interviews and his DeviantArt account he is making a comics series called "Snow Petals" - The first chapter was released on 28 May in Animestars Magazine, followed by the second in August. Currently he is searching for publishers internationally.

References

Hungarian animators
1991 births
Living people
Film people from Budapest
Models from Budapest

Rudolf Pap


The Phyllis J. Washington College of Education is home to three University of Montana departments: Counselor Education, Curriculum and Instruction, and Educational Leadership.

History
1900 - Department of Philosophy and Education taught courses in Theory and Practice of Education and the History of Education in second floor of University Hall
1917 - Master of Arts in education and Master of Education were established
1930 - Department of Education becomes School of Education
1955 - Elementary  teachers begin to earn degrees
1957 - Division of Educational Research (Institute for Educational Research and Service) and Service began with external funding as a means of supporting graduate education at UM
1978 - Department of Health and Physical Education (Department of Health and Human Performance) moved to the School of Education
1980 - The Department of Home Economics moved to the School of Education
1989 - Department of Home Economics eliminated
2008 - Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders reinstituted
2009 - School of Education became the College of Education and Human Sciences
2019 - College of Education and Human Sciences becomes the College of Education

Study

Departments
The College of Education comprises five further departments as well as an Intercultural Youth and Family Development Program.
Communicative Sciences and Disorders
Focuses on the training of future professionals in the areas of Speech and Language Pathology.
Counselor Education
Focuses on the training of future school counselors.
Curriculum and Instruction
Focuses on teacher preparation
Houses both Masters and Doctoral programs
Educational Leadership
Health and Human Performance
Began as the Department of Physical Culture in 1906.
Intercultural Youth and Family Development Program

Institute of Educational Research and Service (IERS)
Founded in 1957, the Institute of Educational Research and Service is dedicated to the design, evaluation, and dissemination of programs that support the well-being of students and communities. The institution cooperates with numerous organizations to develop models for social and academic achievement

Hosted Programs

Montana Digital Academy

The Phyllis J. Washington College of Education and is the host of the Montana Digital Academy, Montana's publicly supported K-12 online program.  Montana Digital Academy's offices are in the Phyllis J. Washington Education Center.

New Building
In 2009 the university completed the Phyllis J. Washington Education Center, a 27,000 sq. ft. addition to what was then simply known as the Education Building.  The Center focuses on Early Childhood Education, Math and Science Instruction and Distance Learning.  The center also houses the largest omni globe - a large sphere that projects everything from the world to the planets - at any university in the nation.

The Center was officially unveiled on October 8, 2009 with 500 guests in attendance.  Attendance included industrialist Dennis Washington and his wife Phyllis for whom the center is named as well as U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan.

External links

Schools and colleges of the University of Montana
2009 establishments in Montana
Schools of education in Montana

University of Montana Phyllis J. Washington College of Education and Human Sciences