Francesco Pio di Savoia, later in Spain Francisco Pío de Saboya y Moura (1672–1723) was a Spanish nobleman of Italian birth who held numerous hereditary and awarded titles. From his father, in particular, he inherited the title of 3rd Prince of San Gregorio (with which he has remained mainly known, as Principe Pío), from his mother the title of 6th Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo and, only nominally, that of 4th Duke of Nocera, with which his younger brother  was instead invested during the Austrian Habsburgh domination of the Kingdom of Naples.

Life

Francesco was born in 1672 to , a Spanish noblewoman of Portuguese ancestry, and Giberto Pio di Savoia  (1639–1676), descendant of an ancient and somewhat decayed seignorial family from Emilia, who died when his son was just four years old.

Francesco grew up in Rome under the care of his half-uncle, cardinal Carlo Pio di Savoia, the patriarch of the family, and of his youngest uncle, the prelate Enea. Towards the end of the century he moved to seek his fortune in Spain with his aunt Leonor de Moura y Moncada de Aragón who held his maternal family's assets and titles before they were passed on to his mother in 1706.

At the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession he immediately espoused the cause of Philip V of Bourbon, and joined his army. He had a distinguished military career, being made a "mariscal de campo" (lieutenant general) of the Royal Spanish Armies in 1705, inducted into the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1708 and made a Grandee of Spain in 1720. He went on to hold various governmental positions including Governor-General of the Kingdom of Sicily, Governor of Madrid and Captain-General of Catalonia.

He married some time before 1712 to Juana Spínola Colonna y de la Cerda (1683–1738), herself a scion of Spanish nobility, and they had a son, Gisberto, and 3 daughters: Margherita Eleonora, Lucrezia and Isabel Maria, who themselves all went on to marry high-ranking Spanish-Italian nobles. Gisberto Pío de Saboya y Spinola died without issue in 1776 and the hereditary titles were passed on through Isabel Maria's line.

Francesco drowned in Madrid, together with his sister-in-law, María Teresa Spínola y de la Cerda, on 15 September 1723, when a storm swept his carriage into the Manzanares River.

The Príncipe Pío hill and the nearby multimodal train station Príncipe Pío in Madrid are named after him.

Legacy

During the 19th Century, the family titles passed to the Italian-Spanish Falcó family, descended from Isabel Maria, and when they died out in the mid-20th century, the titles passed to a line of the Italian Balbo Bertone di Sambuy family descended in the female line from the Falcó.

Notes

External links
 Principe Pio

1672 births
1732 deaths
Dukes of Spain
Captains General of Catalonia
Grandees of Spain
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
Marquesses of Spain

Francesco Pio di Savoia


Jayadeva (c. 1000 CE) was an Indian mathematician, who further developed the cyclic method (Chakravala method) that was called by Hermann Hankel "the finest thing achieved in the theory of numbers before Lagrange (18th century)". He also made significant contributions to combinatorics.

Jayadeva's works are lost, and he is known only from a 20-verse quotation in Udaya-divakara Sundari (c. 1073), a commentary on Bhaskara I's Laghu-bhaskariya. This means that Jayadeva must have lived sometime before 1073, possibly around 1000 CE.

See also
List of Indian mathematicians

References

11th-century Indian mathematicians

Jayadeva (mathematician)


Strategic uranium reserves refer to uranium inventories held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis.

North America
In the early 1990s, the United States created a temporary strategic uranium reserve. The authorization for this reserve expired in 1998:

There is hereby established the National Strategic Uranium Reserve under the direction and control of the Secretary. The Reserve shall consist of natural uranium and uranium equivalents contained in stockpiles or inventories currently held by the United States for defense purposes. Effective on October 24, 1992, and for 6 years thereafter, use of the Reserve shall be restricted to military purposes and government research. Use of the Department of Energy's stockpile of enrichment tails existing on October 24, 1992, shall be restricted to military purposes for 6 years thereafter.

Recently, due to increases in the price of uranium the Department of Energy has considered the creation of a permanent strategic uranium reserve along the lines of the U.S. strategic petroleum reserve.

Asia
China has announced the creation of a strategic uranium reserve to complement its strategic petroleum reserves.

Japan has also shown interest in creating its own strategic reserve of uranium.

See also

Nuclear power
Global strategic petroleum reserves
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
List of uranium mines
Uranium reserves

Uranium
United States Department of Energy
Energy policy

Strategic uranium reserves


Recognition in sociology is the public acknowledgment of a person's status or merits (achievements, virtues, service, etc.).

In psychology, excessively seeking for recognition is regarded as one of the defining traits of a  narcissistic personality disorder.

Another example of recognition is when some person is accorded some special status, such as title or classification.

According to Charles Taylor, recognition of one's identity is both a fundamental need and a right, and non- or misrecognition is a form of oppression.

In the workplace, recognition has been suggested to increase employee engagement, continuous improvement behaviour, trust in the organization, intention to stay, and satisfaction with management. Others, like Alfie Kohn in Punished by Rewards, point out the dangers of using praise to show recognition, since it may induce compliance in the short-term, but negatively impact quality in the workplace long-term.

Recognition justice

See also

 Respect
 Posthumous recognition
 Name recognition
 Donor recognition wall
 Glory (honor)
 Axel Honneth
 Michel Seymour

References

Evaluation
Sociological terminology

Recognition (sociology)


Shri Hoping Stone Lyngdoh (15 March 1929 – 26 September 2015) was an Indian politician who was the president of the Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP), one of three official political parties of the state of Meghalaya in India.
He was the son of late Hajur Shon; was born at Nonglait Village, West Khasi Hills District on March 15, 1929; he studied at St. Anthony's College, Shillong.

Beside the political arena, he was an agriculturist, school teacher and social worker; he was the president of the Hill State People's Democratic Party, previously associated with the Eastern India Tribal Union since 1957, it was renamed  All-Party Hill Leaders Conference in 1960. He was also a member of United Khasi Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council, 1957 to 1972, also member of the Assam Legislative Assembly (1962—68) and the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly (1972—2015).

He was the oldest serving representative member in Meghalaya and has never been defeated in a legislative assembly election. For a brief period he also was a Member of Parliament, 1977.
He was actively associated with educational organisations and their programmes, also fought single-handedly against uranium mining in the State.

The 86-year-old veteran and most decorated politician of his time, Mr. Lyngdoh, who represented Nongstoin constituency of West Khasi Hills district in the Assembly, died on September 26, 2015, at the Northeast Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (Neighrims) in Shillong. He died of pneumonia, sepsis and multiple organ failure. He was buried at Mawkyllei village in West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya.

References

External links
 "HSPDP calls for public support for Khasi -Jaintia cause ", North East Tribune, January 9, 2006. Accessed February 3, 2006.
 "Meghalaya takes it easy on Domiasiat", The Telegraph, Calcutta, India, October 21, 2004. Accessed February 3, 2006.

1929 births
2015 deaths
Meghalaya politicians
People from West Khasi Hills district
Assam MLAs 1962–1967
Assam MLAs 1967–1972
Meghalaya MLAs 1972–1978
India MPs 1977–1979
Lok Sabha members from Meghalaya
Meghalaya MLAs 1978–1983
Meghalaya MLAs 1983–1988
Meghalaya MLAs 1988–1993
Meghalaya MLAs 1993–1998
Meghalaya MLAs 1998–2003
Meghalaya MLAs 2003–2008
Meghalaya MLAs 2008–2013
Meghalaya MLAs 2013–2018
Deaths from pneumonia in India
Hill State People's Democratic Party politicians

Hopingstone Lyngdoh


Brooke Grossman (born September 25, 1978) is an American politician who is a member for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 2B in Washington County.

Career
Grossman graduated from Brunswick High School and attended Kaplan University, where she earned a B.S. degree in human service administration in 2016. She currently works as the chief mission officer for Horizon Goodwill Industries and chairs the county's homeless coalition.

In May 2018, the Washington County Board of Commissioners appointed Grossman to a three-year term as a citizen at-large representative to its Emergency Services Advisory Council.

In 2020, Grossman unsuccessfully ran for in the Hagerstown City Council, placing seventh with 8.7 percent of the vote.

In 2022, Grossman ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 2B, challenging incumbent state delegate Brenda J. Thiam. She won the Democratic primary on July 19, 2022, receiving 61.3 percent of the vote, and later defeated Thiam in the general election on November 8.

In the legislature
Grossman was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on January 11, 2023. She is a member of the House Ways and Means Committee.

Personal life
Grossman lives in southern Hagerstown.

Political positions
In January 2022, Grossman requested that the Washington County Board of Commissioners provide $10,000 in funding from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to help with the costs of quarantining COVID-19 positive homeless people. The motion for the request was approved 4-0 by the Board of Commissioners.

In February 2022, Grossman criticized a petition released by state delegate Brenda J. Thiam against the newly drawn legislative redistricting maps.

In May 2022, Grossman signed a Chesapeake Climate Action Network resolution to move Maryland to 100 percent carbon-free electricity by 2035 and to remove trash incineration from the state's "clean energy" classification.

Electoral history

References

External links

21st-century American politicians
1978 births
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Living people
Purdue University alumni
People from Hagerstown, Maryland
Women state legislators in Maryland
Politicians from Hagerstown, Maryland
21st-century American women politicians

Brooke Grossman


Marjorie May Hamilton (1898 - December 27, 1990) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Barrie, Ontario from 1950 to 1952. She was the first woman ever to serve as Barrie's mayor, and one of the earliest women elected as a mayor in all of Ontario.

A grandmother and widow, Hamilton served for three years as an alderman on the town council and was active in the local chapter of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada before being elected mayor in the 1950 municipal election.
Early in her term, Hamilton presided over a municipal celebration and parade after the Barrie Flyers won the 1951 Memorial Cup.

She also served on the board of the Association of Ontario Mayors and Reeves and the Ontario Hydro Advisory Council.

During the 1952 municipal election, Hamilton became engaged in a public dispute with city clerk and treasurer L. R. Barrand, who tendered his resignation from the city after opposing her plan to separate his position into two distinct job titles to be held by two different people. Council refused to accept Barrand's resignation, or Hamilton's plan. The dispute led councillor James W. Hart to register in the mayoral election against Hamilton, who until that point had been running unopposed. Hart defeated Hamilton in the election.

Hamilton was later appointed as head of Simcoe County's juvenile and family courts. She had not previously worked as a lawyer, but was chosen for the position because of her past work in public service and social welfare. At a provincial conference of the Association of Juvenile and Family Court Judges of Ontario in 1965, she stated in a speech that having been mothers of children gave women a unique advantage in family and juvenile judgeships.

She died on December 27, 1990, at the Riverdale Hospital in Toronto.

Works
Pirates and Pathfinders, authored text of elementary school textbook

References

1898 births
1990 deaths
Mayors of Barrie
Women mayors of places in Ontario
Judges in Ontario
Canadian women judges
20th-century Canadian women politicians

Marjorie Hamilton


Wadj-wer (meaning "Great Blue-Green") is an Egyptian god of fertility. Wadj-wer is sometimes shown as being part male and part female. He is seen as the personification of the Mediterranean Sea or some of the big lakes in the Nile Delta. He is often shown holding a ankh and a loaf. He is also shown to be pregnant, and he symbolizes the richness of the waters of the Nile delta.

References

Encyclopedia of Gods, Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002
James P. Allen (2010). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphics (2nd ed., revised). New York: Cambridge.

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Mediterranean Sea

Wadj-wer


A Lick of Frost is the sixth book in the Merry Gentry series by Laurell K. Hamilton.

Plot

Prologue
A faerie princess turned private investigator in a world where faeries are not only known to the general public, but are also fashionable, the title heroine is Princess Meredith NicEssus, also known as Merry Gentry. As niece to Andais, The Queen of Air and Darkness, she is a royal of the Unseelie Court. While her aunt tried to kill her as a child, she has since offered her the title as crown princess as the Court needs more heirs.

Summary

A Lick of Frost begins one month after the events of Mistral's Kiss. The opening chapters show Merry and her guards Rhys, Galen, Doyle, Frost, and Abeloec in a conference room, being questioned about the charges of rape against Rhys, Galen, and Abeloec. King Taranis has brought the charges on behalf of the woman allegedly raped by the aforementioned fey. The meeting ends badly, with Taranis losing what little control he had on his sanity, and one of the officers of Taranis' guard, Sir Hugh, telling Merry that he is going to force a vote among the nobles of the Seelie court to choose a new king, and he wants Merry to take Taranis' place.

When Merry and her guards get home after taking a trip to the hospital (as Doyle and Abe got badly hurt from Taranis' attack), they call Aunt Andais to tell her of all that has happened- specifically the offer to rule the Seelie Court. Andais believes Merry already agreed to rule and abuses one of her guards (Crystall) in a sadistic rage. Eventually, Merry and her men convince Andais otherwise, but she still continues to abuse the guard in reaction to many of them leaving to join Merry. The series of mirror-calls end, and Merry finalises the coming together of her, Ash, and Holly for later that night.

Night comes and Holly and Ash arrive, along with all of the Red Caps in tow. Jonty, a Red Cap that helped Merry fight in Mistral's Kiss, sheds a tear as Merry tells him she would bring the Red Caps into their power. She catches the tear on her finger and consumes it. This brings on the remaking of Maeve Reed's house into a sithen. Those of faerie who stand in that room with no faerie dog to keep them grounded, crumple to the floor. Some of the crumpled men are revived by one of the dogs, but Frost stays down.

The creation of the sithen (faerie land) allows the ring of fertility on her finger to flare to life and Merry realises that she is pregnant with twins. Each twin has three fathers like in the story of Ceridwen. A phantom image of Merry's children appear by their respective fathers, Rhys, Frost, Galen, Doyle, Mistral, and Sholto. There is also a dimmer phantom image of a 3rd child (that has the potential to be born after the twins).

Frost turns out to be the sacrificial king for the creation of the new sithen. Merry prays for him not to die, and he turns into a white stag and runs off. Merry runs to one of the gardens of her sithen to be alone and grieve the loss of Frost. While out there, Taranis (using illusion to appear as one of her guards) knocks her out and takes her to his bedroom back at the Seelie Court. It is assumed that he rapes her, and then believes he fathers her children. Hugh, some others at the Seelie Court, and Doyle (in dog form) sneak her out of the bedroom and into a press conference where she tells the press that Taranis made the Seelie woman (Lady Catarin) believe that it was Rhys, Galen, and Abe who raped her. However, it was all just an illusion of Taranis' making and the woman was in fact raped by other Seelie nobles working with him. Merry also tells them that she is pregnant, and that Taranis kidnapped and raped her.

The book ends with Merry in an ambulance with Doyle, continuing to mourn Frost and her current situation. She is on her way to the hospital to treat the concussion she received from Taranis and to take a rape test.

Characters

Major
A Lick of Frost features the following major characters:

Andais - Queen of Air and Darkness, Merry's aunt, sister of Essus, and mother of Cel. Andais is a war goddess, and the sadistic Queen of the Unseelie Court. Founder of the royal male guard, The Ravens, who she has placed under a vow of celibacy that can only be broken by her or Merry. She is a sexual sadist and is widely believed to be insane. However, Andais appears to have the best interests of the Court somewhat at heart, and has sworn to abdicate her throne in favor of whoever (Cel or Merry) can demonstrate themselves capable of producing new sidhe children first. Her royal consort is Eamon.

Doyle - Nicknamed "Darkness", former God of Healing, Captain and first in command of The Ravens. Once the Queen's "Darkness" and personal assassin, now part of Merry's guard. One of Merry's favorite lovers. Doyle is one half sidhe, one fourth hell-hound (Gabriel Ratchet, et al.), and one fourth part phouka.

Frost - Also known as "Jack Frost", nicknamed "The Killing Frost", Lieutenant and second in command of The Ravens. Was the Queen's consort prior to Eamon (approx. 800 years ago). One of Merry's favorite lovers. He is prejudiced against the Seelie Court due to his poor treatment at that court, the other nobles being jealous of Frost's remaining power due to his continued presence in the minds of the humans. He was brought into Godhood for the first time by Merry, increasing his powers. Frost was originally the hoarfrost made "real". He was not sidhe-born but "re-made" by the Goddess and her Consort into a sidhe. He's moody and has a tendency to pout.

Galen - Youngest guard in The Ravens, Merry's best friend since childhood, and one of her favorite lovers. His lineage is half-pixie and half-Unseelie sidhe. His powers include the subtle ability to have everyone like him. He has also gained power through Merry. Galen is extremely unpolitical, naive, and idealistic, but he is also the voice of simple reasoning for Merry. Fortunately, letting go of those naive and idealistic ideals is allowing Merry to survive.

Kitto - Half-goblin and half-Seelie sidhe, his sidhe mother was raped during the goblin wars by a snake-type goblin. Kitto was given to Merry to cement her alliance with the goblins. He was brought into his sidhe-side powers (The Hand of Reaching) by Merry.

Meredith NicEssus - Also known as "Merry Gentry", title heroine, Princess of Flesh and Blood, daughter of Essus, niece to Andais and Taranis. Merry is one fourth Seelie sidhe, one half Unseelie sidhe, one eighth brownie, and one eighth human. She is also mortal.

Rhys - Also known as "Cromm Cruach", former God of Death, guard in The Ravens, and film noir buff. One of Merry's favorite lovers. He's regained some of his former power over life and death through Merry. Extremely prejudiced against the goblins due to having his face disfigured by them. Besides Galen, Rhys is the most comfortable and knowledgeable about the modern human world outside of faerie.

Taranis - King of Light and Illusion, High King of the Seelie Court. Taranis is Merry's uncle on her mother's side. He is just as insane as Andais, actually more so because he no longer considers the wellbeing of the Seelie Court above his own. Taranis is infertile, just like Andais, but refuses to recognize his infertility. He is convinced that he can father a child with Merry.

Minor

Onilwyn - One of the guards who chose to leave Queen Andais's court to go into exile with Merry. He is a friend of Prince Cel and Merry doesn't like him. He hopes to have sex with Merry and get her pregnant so he can be king. She refuses to let him into her bed, and when Maeve Reed's house is remade into a sithen he is one of the guards who is injured but none of the fairy dogs will heal him.

Sir Hugh - One of Taranis's guards. Offers Merry an opportunity to become Queen of the Seelie court.

Holly and Ash - Half-Seelie sidhe, half-goblin twins. Both have agreed to lay with Merry in order to gain sidhe powers. In return, Merry gains two more months of alliance with the goblins.

Abeloec - Also known as "Abe", guard in The Ravens, one of Merry's lovers that has been accused of rape. He was brought back into power during Mistral's kiss.

Mistral - Newly appointed Captain of The Ravens, former Storm God, major character in Mistral's Kiss. Merry laid with Mistral in Mistral's Kiss, however, he is not one of her regular lovers and is still attached exclusively to Queen Andais.

Sholto - Nicknamed "Shadowspawn", King of the Slaugh (Dark Host), Lord of That Which Passes Between, Lord of Shadows, guard in The Ravens. Sholto is half-Seelie sidhe, half-nightflyer. Queen Andais calls him her "Perverse Creature". Merry laid with Sholto in Mistral's Kiss, however, he is not one of her regular lovers.

External links
Official Site of Laurell K. Hamilton
Official Blog

2007 American novels
Gentry, Merry
American horror novels
American erotic novels
American alternate history novels
Merry Gentry (series)
Ballantine Books books

A Lick of Frost


Carla Fendi (July 12, 1937 – June 19, 2017) was an Italian fashion executive and philanthropist who worked for Fendi, along with her sisters and parents.  She was also well known for her philanthropy.

Biography
Carla Fendi was born on July 12, 1937, to Edoardo and Adele Fendi. She had four sisters, Paola, Anna, Franca and Alda. She was married to Candido Speroni, but did not have any children.

In the 1950s, Carla started working with her sisters for Fendi, the family's shop that Edoardo and Adele had begun in 1925.  The sisters built the company from a small shop to a globally recognized brand with multiple product lines. After their father died, they opened their own version of the Fendi store in 1964, and a year later hired a young Karl Lagerfeld to change the brand's image. Starting in 1965, the brand's bags, furs and scarves became a hit in Hollywood. In October 1984, she responded to the scandal over the tagline used by Fendi at a show, "shaped to be raped", an idea initially suggested by Lagerfeld. In 1987, she extended the brand's product lines with the release of Fendi perfumes. In 1989, she inaugurated the NY store, the first of the brand outside of Rome to hold all of Fendi's products.

While Carla's sisters concentrated on design, her own focus was upon promotion and marketing. She became the president and public face of the design house. Though the controlling share of Fendi was sold to LVMH in 2001, Carla Fendi remained president of the company until 2008, and remained honorary president for her lifetime.

Italy's minister of culture, Dario Franchescini, described her as a major patron of the arts.  Her philanthropic arm, the Carla Fendi Foundation, was the major patron for the recent restoration of Rome's famed Trevi Fountain. The Foundation did also restore the Teatro Caio Melisso in Spoleto in 2010.

After her husband died in November 2013, her health deteriorated. After a long illness, she died in Rome on June 19, 2017, at the age of 79.

References

1937 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Italian businesswomen
20th-century Italian businesspeople
Italian philanthropists
Fendi
20th-century philanthropists

Carla Fendi


was a daimyō (feudal lord) in Shimōsa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as rōjū (chief advisor) to shōgun Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80, and as Tairō (head of the rōjū council) under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi from the 12th day of the 11th lunar month of 1681 until his death on 7 October 1684.

Life and career
His father was Hotta Masamori, advisor (Tairō) under the previous shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, who committed seppuku upon Iemitsu's death in 1651. Masatoshi was then adopted by Iemitsu's nurse, Kasuga no Tsubone.

He served as personal secretary to the next shōgun, Tokugawa Ietsuna, for a time, before being appointed wakadoshiyori (junior councillor) in 1670. Ietsuna was already quite ill when Masatoshi was appointed rōjū in 1679, and died the following summer. At this time, another rōjū, Sakai Tadakiyo, in a bid for personal power, proposed that the next shōgun be selected from the princely houses. He sought to be regent to this new shōgun, who would be made a puppet ruler. However, Masatoshi, said to have been infuriated, voiced strong opposition to this scheme; Tadakiyo resigned his post shortly afterwards, and Ietsuna's brother Tokugawa Tsunayoshi was installed as the new shogun.

Masatoshi became Tairō soon afterwards, and was granted a domain worth 13,000 koku by Tsunayoshi. He was killed several years later, on 7 October 1684. The motives of the culprit, Masatoshi's cousin Inaba Masayasu, are unknown. Following Masatoshi's death, Tsunayoshi took the opportunity to reorganize the shogunate's offices so as to weaken the rōjū and grant additional powers to the Soba-yōnin (Chamberlains). Masatoshi was not succeeded as Tairō, and much of his power came to be wielded by the shōgun himself.

|-

References
Frederic, Louis (2002). "Hotta Masatoshi". Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p360.
Sansom, George (1963). A History of Japan: 1615–1867. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp68, 131–132.

1634 births
1684 deaths
Daimyo
Tairō
Rōjū

Hotta Masatoshi


James Conway (7 October 1915 – 3 March 1974) was a British trade unionist.

Conway grew up in the Manchester area, and left school at the age of fourteen to work at the Metropolitan-Vickers factory at Trafford Park.  There, he joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) and became a shop steward.  He also joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), but soon left to join the Labour Party, and subsequently became associated with the right-wing of the labour movement. In 1949, he was elected to the AEU's Manchester Area Committee, and in 1952 as a Labour Party member of Manchester City Council, serving for eight years.

In 1959, Conway became national organiser of the AEU, then assistant general secretary in 1962, and in 1964 was elected as the union's general secretary.  Under his leadership, the union merged with the Amalgamated Union of Foundry Workers, becoming the Amalgamated Union of Engineering and Foundry Workers, then with the Draughtsmen and Allied Technicians' Association and the Constructional Engineering Union, being renamed the Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers.

In 1974, Conway was returning from Paris on Turkish Airlines Flight 981, when it crashed, resulting in the deaths of all on board.

Following Jim Conway's death, an educational and research trust, The Jim Conway Foundation (JCF), was established as a tribute to his work in the trade union movement. Andy Wood, Conway's Personal Assistant from 1966, founded the organisation. The JCF began by organising weekend seminars for rank and file trade unionists. Following a grant from the Manpower Services Commission's Job Creation Programme, the JCF was able to engage its first full-time staff; it established a research department and began to carry out independent research on employment related issues.

In the late 1970s, the JCF formed links with the Friedrich Ebert Stifftung, a large German organisation associated with the German Social Democratic Party, with which it worked closely on trade union and work related social issues for the rest of the twentieth century. In the 1990s, the JCF became involved with training programmes in Eastern Europe. The European Commission's Poland and Hungary Aid funded this involvement for the Regeneration of the Economies (PHARE) and Technical Assistance to CIS Countries (TACIS). The Foreign & Commonwealth Office also helped fund the European programme through its Know How Fund. Andy Wood retired in 1998 and the JCF ceased to exist two years later.

References

1915 births
1974 deaths
General Secretaries of the Amalgamated Engineering Union
Trade unionists from Manchester
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1974
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in France

Jim Conway (trade unionist)


The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of America's Favorite Planet is a book written by the astrophysicist and Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson. The book is about Pluto, which was demoted to the status of dwarf planet in August 2006 by the International Astronomical Union, thereby depriving it of its planet-hood. The book also focuses on the fact that many Americans rallied their support for this icy dwarf on the edge of the Solar System because it was discovered by an American.

The book was given a good review by Jon Stewart in a guest segment with Tyson on The Daily Show. During the interview, Stewart humorously lauded the book as "the most exciting book about Pluto you will ever read in your life," as well as "the compelling story of how [Tyson] destroyed Pluto's life."

The book explains in full detail the journey of Pluto's life from its days as Planet X, to its discovery in the early 20th century and all the way to its current title as a Trans-Neptunian object.

The book appeared on the extended hardcover nonfiction bestseller list in The New York Times in February 2009.

References

External links
 The Pluto Files at the publisher's site

Astronomy books
2009 non-fiction books
Books by Neil deGrasse Tyson
Pluto's planethood
W. W. Norton & Company books

The Pluto Files


Mysterious Skin is a Dutch-American drama movie. It was directed and produced by Gregg Araki. Araki also did the screenplay.

The screenplay was based on a 1995 novel.

The movie premiered at the 61st Venice International Film Festival in 2004. But it wasn't widely released until 2005.

Plot
During summer 1981, Hutchinson, Kansas, two eight-year-old boys, Brian Lackey and Neil McCormick, are teammates in Little League baseball. Both boys have life-changing events.

Neil is the son of an irresponsible single mother. He is already learning he's homosexual. He is sexually abused by the Little League baseball coach, who leaves town afterward.

Brian has a neglectful father and working mother. He remembers it starting to rain during a game. The next thing he remembers is being inside a crawl space with a bloody nose. He doesn't have any memory of the intervening five hours.

Neil views his sexual abuse as love; he becomes mainly attracted to middle-aged men. He begins prostituting himself at age 15. Three years later, he moves to New York City. His best friend, Wendy Peterson, lives there.

For years after coming to in the crawl space, Brian has heavy nosebleeds, blackouts and wets the bed. When he's 18, Brian meets a woman, Avalyn Friesen, who believes aliens kidnapped her. They form a relationship. But when she comes on to him, he panics and refuses to speak to her again.

While trying to untangle his confused memories, Brian sees a photo of his Little League teammate Neil; he recognizes Neil as the boy from his dreams.

Brian wants to meet his former teammate Neil. But instead, he meets Neil's mother and his friend Eric Pressly; through Eric, Brian learns more on Neil.

After being beaten and raped, Neil returns to Hutchinson to celebrate Christmas with his mother.

Brian and Neil meet for the first time in over a decade. They break into a house that had been rented by the baseball coach. Neil begins telling Brian of that night.

When the baseball game was rained out, and Brian didn't have a ride home, the coach offered to drive Brian home with Neil. But instead, they went to the coach's house, where the coach had sex with the boys, and made the boys have sex with each other.

After the coach and Neil put Brian's clothes back on, Brian fell down face first on the floor, causing his bloody nose.

Learning the truth at last, Brian breaks down crying; Neil comforts him as Christmas carolers sing "Silent Night".

Cast
 Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Neil McCormick
 Chase Ellison as young Neil
 Michelle Trachtenberg as Wendy
 Elisabeth Shue as Ellen McCormick

Reception
Mysterious Skin got positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes rates this movie at 85%. Metacritic rated the movie 73 out of 100. And Roger Ebert gave it 3.5 stars out of four.

Rating
Motion Picture Association of America rated the movie NC-17; the studio appealed without success. The movie was then released unrated in the United States.

The movie was controversial in Australia, where Australian Family Association asked for a review of the movie's rating. They wanted to have Mysterious Skin banned due to its depiction of pedophilia. But the Classification Review Board voted four to two in favor of an R18 rating.

The movie got a Jury Award from Bergen International Film Festival in 2004. It also won the Polished Apple Awards in 2006.

References

2004 drama movies
American drama movies
Dutch drama movies
American independent movies
Movies about child sexual abuse

Mysterious Skin


Principles of Criminology, written by Edwin H. Sutherland and Donald R. Cressey, is hailed as an authoritative work in the field of criminology. The first edition was published in 1934, although it was derived from a previous publication, Criminology (1924). The 1934 edition contained a paragraph claiming that crime is brought about by a conflict of behaviours that originate from different cultures. This was the seed of Sutherland's theory of differential association, which was fully developed in the fourth edition, published in 1947.

Further editions of the book were published after Sutherland's death in 1950 by Cressey and D. F. Luckenbill as co-authors.

Notes

Further reading
Sutherland, Edwin H. and Cressey, Donald. Principles of Criminology. 11th ed. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 1992.

1934 non-fiction books
Academic works about criminology
Year of work missing

Principles of Criminology


Ivan Akimovich Akimov (Russian: Иван Акимович Акимов; 22 May 1755 in Saint Petersburg – 15 May 1814 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter in the Classical style.

Biography
His father was a typographer and typesetter for the Governing Senate. At the age of ten, after his father's death, he wrote a letter to the Imperial Academy of Arts, requesting admission and pleading poverty. The letter was successful, and he was admitted. He was there from 1765 to 1773 and studied under Anton Losenko.

During the years 1773 to 1778, he received a fellowship to study in Italy, going by way of Paris and Avignon and then to Genoa and Bologna, where he was enrolled at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna under Gaetano Gandolfi. He found the teaching there unsatisfactory, however and, after numerous unanswered petitions to the Academy, moved to Rome without permission. He arrived there only to discover that their "Academy" was really an association of artists with private students. Thanks to a recommendation from a Russian nobleman residing in Italy, he was able enter the classes of Pompeo Battoni.  Later, on orders from the Imperial Academy, he finished his course in Bologna, then lived successively in Rome, Venice and Florence. In 1779, he returned to Saint Petersburg and became a lecturer at the Academy. Three years later, he was named an Academician for his painting of Hercules burning himself on a pyre.

Later achievements
In 1785, he was promoted to Associate Professor and, in 1791, he was appointed Director of the . He also taught drawing to Tsar Paul I's daughters. Three years later, he rose to Associate Director of the Academy and, finally, became the Director in 1800. In the following years, he turned to painting more contemporary historical scenes, under patriotic pressure from the war with Napoleon. They were not highly thought of, but cannot be judged now because few have survived.

Although he is not considered to be a first-rate artist, he had a special talent for teaching and was a great influence on Russian history painting. Among his best-known students are Andrey Ivanovich Ivanov, Vasily Shebuyev and Alexei Yegorov. Alexander Stupin (who would later establish his own art school) actually boarded with Akimov and his family.

He was also one of the founders of Russian art historiography, beginning with his article "Brief Historical Information About Some Russian Artists" in the 1804 edition of Severny Vestnik. In his will, he bequeathed 15,000 Rubles to the Academy.

References

Further reading

External links

18th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Russian male painters
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Painters from Saint Petersburg
1754 births
1814 deaths
Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna alumni
Full Members of the Imperial Academy of Arts
Awarded with a large gold medal of the Academy of Arts
19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire

Ivan Akimov


Afinsa was a company from Spain, which at one point was the world's third largest collectibles company, after Sotheby's and Christie's, and with its controlling stake in Escala Group operated in many European cities, the United States and Asia. Founded in 1980 by Albertino de Figueiredo, a Portuguese national living in Spain, the group is headquartered in Madrid and has offices in many other cities, including Barcelona, Vigo, Valladolid and Lisbon.

In 2006 police in Spain made several arrests amid accusations of operating a Ponzi fraud scheme. In July 2013, a Spanish court handed down indictments against 14 officers.

Fraud allegations
In May 2006, police in Spain made several arrests, closed offices and confiscated material in connection with a massive suspected fraud operation involving two companies Afinsa Bienes Tangibles and Forum Filatélico and affecting the life savings of over 350,000 private investors in Spain. The offices of Afinsa in Madrid were searched by armed police and documents and computers were taken away from the buildings. Of the nine arrests made by police, four people were from Afinsa, including the founder Albertino de Figueiredo, and one of his sons, Carlos Figueiredo Escribá. The company published a note on its website reassuring its clients and employees that it was cooperating with authorities in order to prove its innocence.

The company has been accused of operating a Ponzi fraud scheme, using the money from new investors to pay the returns on previous investments. Many of the approximately 150,000 investors are pensioners for whom investing their savings in rare stamps appeared a more attractive option than placing them in a lower-return bank savings account.

Afinsa was not a financial institution. Contrary to equity investment, tangible investments are not protected by a mandatory warranty fund under Spanish law (available only to registered financial institutions, which allowed the victims of the earlier Banesto and Gescartera scandals to recover a small part of their assets). Such investment is overseen by the Consumption departments of the regional governments instead of the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores.
Customers of Afinsa affected by the situation have formed several associations, as have customers of Forum.

As the majority owner of NASDAQ traded company Escala Group (now Spectrum Group International), the scandal deeply affected its share price, which plummeted more than 85% in the days after the arrests, before recovering slightly. The company received a delisting notification from NASDAQ, effective on January 10, 2007.

In July 2013, a Spanish court handed down indictments against 14 officers of Afinsa and Escala.

See also
Philatelic investment
Top 100 US Federal Contractors

References

External links
Forum Filatelico Afinsa
Glen Stephens column on the scandal. Archive here.
Caso forum afinsa--una paranoia intelectual generalizada

Financial services companies of Spain
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes
Companies established in 1980

Afinsa


The Diplomatic Reception Rooms at the U.S. Department of State constitute forty-two principal rooms and offices where the secretary of state conducts the business of modern diplomacy. Located on the seventh and eighth floors of the Harry S Truman Building in Washington, D.C., the diplomatic reception rooms contain one of the nation's foremost museum collections of American fine and decorative arts.

Architect Edward Vason Jones designed several of the rooms between 1965 and 1980. Clement Conger, curator of the collections from 1961 to 1990, assembled many of the art, furniture, and decorative arts objects.

Guided tours of the diplomatic reception rooms are available by appointment. Admission is free. Tours can be scheduled online.

Management
In accordance with Title 22 of the United States Code, Chapter 38, Section 2213(a), the Office of Fine Arts (M/FA) at the U.S. Department of State oversees the art and architecture of the Diplomatic Reception Rooms and administers this museum institution on behalf of the Secretary of State, raising millions of dollars annually. In addition to the Office of Fine Arts, the Office of the Chief of Protocol administers official visits by guests of the secretary. The facilities themselves are managed by the Bureau of Administration, while their contents are managed by the Office of Fine Arts, an office that is headed by the Director of the Diplomatic Reception Rooms. Both report to the under secretary of state for management.

Collections
Masterpieces in the collections are assembled from the early Federal period, c. 1790–1815. These masterpieces are interwoven into an interpretative narrative that explores U.S. diplomatic history: charting of the new world and the colonial foundations, the nation's road to independence and birth of the United States, and expansion westward over the years 1740–1840.
The Diplomatic Reception Rooms are a national treasure that belongs to the American people. It is the People that support the vital activities of the Diplomatic Reception Rooms. Charitable contributions from private citizens, foundations, and corporations support revitalization and expansion initiatives, collections maintenance and conservation, and educational programming.

On September 3, 1783, the Treaty of Paris, establishing peace with Great Britain after the American Revolutionary War, was signed on this Tambour Writing Table. This diplomatic achievement is depicted in the collection's unfinished painting, after Benjamin West's 1782 original, "The American Commissioners of the Preliminary Peace Negotiations with Great Britain." Hand-wrought silver by patriot-silversmith Paul Revere, porcelain wares from George Washington's Society of Cincinnati, and companion portraits of John Quincy and Louisa Catherine Adams, 1816, by artist Charles Robert Leslie are among the national treasures.

8th floor
 The Edward Vason Jones Memorial Hall
Entrance Hall
Passageway
Gallery
Walter Thurston Lounge
Martha Washington Lounge
Dolley Madison Room
John Quincy Adams Drawing Room
Thomas Jefferson Reception Room
Benjamin Franklin State Dining Room
James Monroe Room
James Madison Room
Henry Clay Room

7th floor
The Treaty Room

References

Further reading

External links

Official website
Tours - Diplomatic Reception Rooms
Flickr - Diplomatic Reception Rooms

United States Department of State
Individual rooms in Washington, D.C.

Diplomatic Reception Rooms, U.S. Department of State


The Shrine of Our Lady of Bonaria also known as Our Lady of Fair Winds is a Marian title associated with the Blessed Virgin Mary as Star of the Sea and patron of sailboats. In addition, it is first associated with a Roman Catholic shrine to the Blessed Virgin Mary located in Cagliari, Sardinia (Italy).

The Shrine is part of a complex of buildings which include the Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria, the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bonaria and the monastery which houses the friars of the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy.  The Basilica and the other structures are under the administration of the Mercedarians, a religious order which has overseen the care of the shrine continuously since October 17, 1335.

Mary under this Marian title, is often portrayed carrying the Child Jesus, along with a golden sailboat and a candle in her right arm is invoked as the Patroness of Sardinia as well as Buenos Aires, Argentina, to which Pope Francis is also a known devotee.

History and traditional account

On March 25, 1370, a ship coming from Spain was traveling towards Italy when it was seized by a terrible storm that put the lives of the crew and passengers at risk. The captain, in a last attempt to save the crew of the ship, ordered the sailors to cast into the sea the ship's cargo. This was done but without any aid to the sailors.

There was a large crate within the ship's cargo - this was cast into the sea last of all the cargo. Suddenly, upon the crate entering the water, the storm ceased. The ship, attempting to regain the cargo, followed the crate for some time.  Unable to retrieve it, the ship returned to its original route.  The crate, however ran aground on the beach at the foot of the hill of Bonaria (Sardinia).

Many people were on the beach when the crate arrived and rushed to see what it was. They tried to open it, but no one succeeded. They tried to lift it, but every attempt was in vain - the box was too heavy. Suddenly a child cried out: "Call for one of the Mercedarian Friars!" The friars came in haste, and without any difficulty, raised the heavy crate and carried it into their church.

In silence and piety, the friars opened the crate, and along with everyone there, saw the contents. In that crate was a marvelous statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Child in her arms and, in her right hand, a lighted candle.

Etymology

When the Catalans by name of the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona conquered Cagliari, Sardinia from the Pisans in 1324, they established their headquarters on top of a hill that overlooked the city. The hill was known to them as Bon Ayre (or "Bonaria" in Sardinian language), as it was free of the foul smell prevalent in the old city (the Castle area), which is adjacent to swampland. During the siege of Cagliari, the Catalans built a sanctuary to the Virgin Mary on top of the hill. In 1335, King Alfonso the Gentle donated the church to the Mercedarians, who built an abbey that stands to this day. In the years after that, a story circulated, claiming that a statue of the Virgin Mary was retrieved from the sea after it miraculously helped to calm a storm in the Mediterranean Sea. The statue was placed in the abbey.

Two centuries later, Spanish sailors, especially Andalusians, venerated this image and frequently invoked the "Fair Winds" to aid them in their navigation and prevent shipwrecks. A sanctuary to the Virgin of Buen Aire would be later erected in Seville.

The capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires, was named by its founders the captain Pedro de Mendoza: Santa María del Buen Aire ("Holy Mary of the Fair Winds"), a name chosen by the chaplain of Mendoza's expedition, a devotee of the Virgin of Buen Aire. Mendoza's settlement soon came under attack by indigenous peoples, and was abandoned in 1541.

Queen Patroness

Devotion to Our Lady of Bonaria spread quickly over the island, and the Blessed Virgin Mary under this title has been named the patroness of Sardinia, then later became a patroness for Buenos Aires, Argentina along with the Holy Trinity.

Canonical Coronation and honours
The Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria was visited by Pope Benedict XVI on Feast of the Nativity of Mary in 2008.  On that solemn occasion, the Pontiff granted a canonical coronation to the famed image, and bestowed the honor of a Golden Rose on the shrine.

Pope Francis made a repeated  Apostolic visit  to Sardinia in September 2013.

References

External links

Homepage for the Order of Our Lady of Mercy in the United States
Homepage of the Shrine of Our Lady of Bonaria

Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Churches in Cagliari

Shrine of Our Lady of Bonaria


Ayo Edebiri ( ; born October 3, 1995) is an American comedian, writer, producer, actress, and voice actress. She appeared on Comedy Central's Up Next and co-hosts the podcast Iconography with Olivia Craighead. Edebiri is best known for voicing Missy on Big Mouth (2020–present), and for her roles in The Bear (2022–present) and Abbott Elementary (2023–present).

In 2023, Edebiri starred in the films Theater Camp and Bottoms, and also voiced roles in Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem.

Early life and education
Edebiri was born in Boston and raised in a religious Pentecostal household, the only child of immigrant parents. Her mother emigrated from Barbados and her father emigrated from Nigeria. She first became interested in comedy through eighth grade drama class, after which she joined the improv club at Boston Latin School.

Edebiri attended New York University, where she initially intended to study teaching before switching her major to Dramatic Writing. As a junior in college, she began preparing to pursue a career in comedy and interned at Upright Citizens Brigade. She met future collaborators Rachel Sennott and Emma Seligman while a student.

Career

2014–2021: Early work
In 2014 Edebiri acted in an episode of the series Defectives. Edebiri started her career as a stand-up comedian, and performed a stand-up set on Comedy Central's Up Next. Her scripted digital series Ayo and Rachel Are Single began airing on the network in May 2020, which she co-wrote and co-starred in with her friend and fellow comedian Rachel Sennott. She made her film debut in 2020 comedy-drama Shithouse, in an uncredited role. Edebiri co-hosts a podcast called Iconography with Olivia Craighead that features interviews with guests in conversation about their shared personal icons. The podcast is produced by Forever Dog and the second season was released in 2020.

A television writer, she has written for the sole seasons of The Rundown with Robin Thede and NBC's Sunnyside. Edebiri joined the writing staff of Big Mouth for the show's fourth season. After Jenny Slate stepped down from voicing the character Missy so the role could be played by a Black actress, Edebiri auditioned and was selected as the replacement in August 2020.  Edebiri's voice acting as the character began at the end of the show's fourth season. Edebiri was a writer and actress in Dickinson's second season on Apple TV+, where she first worked with Christopher Storer, who went on to create The Bear. She acted in a supporting role in the 2022 film adaptation of the Jennifer E. Smith YA novel Hello, Goodbye and Everything in Between.

2022–present: Breakthrough
In 2022 Edebiri gained wider prominence as a main cast member on the FX on Hulu comedy series The Bear. She received an Independent Spirit Award and nominations from the Gotham Awards and the Critics' Choice Awards for her role as Sydney Adamu, an ambitious young sous chef. She also received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Lucy Mangan of The Guardian praised her performance declaring her as "magnificent" and "still lighting up and punching up every scene she is in".

During this time she became a writer and consulting producer on the Hulu series What We Do in the Shadows earning a nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Comedy for the episode "Private School". Edebiri co-produced and appeared on Mulligan (2023), an animated series for Netflix. She also had voice roles in the Netflix interactive special We Lost Our Human. Also in 2023 she appeared in an episode of the Mel Brooks Hulu series History of the World, Part II and the Black Mirror episode "Joan Is Awful". She also voiced roles in the Disney Channel series Kiff and the Max series Clone High. Later that year she voiced Glory Grant in the animated superhero sequel Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse and April O'Neil in the animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem. Both of the films received critical acclaim and were financially successful.

Also in 2023, she starred in the live mockumentary comedy film Theater Camp alongside Molly Gordon and Ben Platt. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival to positive reviews with many comparing it to the films of Christopher Guest. Later that year she starred in the teen sex comedy Bottoms opposite Rachel Sennott. The film premiered at South by Southwest. Katie Walsh of The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Sennott and Edebiri deliver two of the funniest performances of the year".

Upcoming projects

She appeared in the film The Sweet East directed by Sean Price Williams which premiered at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival at the Directors' Fortnight. On January 26, 2023, she joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the 2024 film Thunderbolts in an undisclosed role.

Personal life
Edebiri has canvassed for the Democratic Socialists of America. She identifies as queer.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American women writers
Actresses from Boston
African-American actresses
African-American comedians
African-American writers
American film actresses
American people of Barbadian descent
American people of Nigerian descent
American podcasters
American queer actresses
American stand-up comedians
American television actresses
American television writers
American voice actresses
American women television producers
American women comedians
American women podcasters
Comedians from Massachusetts
Entertainers from Massachusetts
African-American LGBT people
LGBT people from Massachusetts
Members of the Democratic Socialists of America
New York University alumni
Queer actresses
American LGBT comedians

Ayo Edebiri


John Dempster (1839 – unknown) was a sailor in the U.S. Navy during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.

Military service
Emigrating from his native Scotland, Dempster enlisted in the US Navy for a three-year term in August 1864 and was assigned to the Union ironclad .  His enlistment is credited to the state of Pennsylvania.

On January 15, 1865, the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors, marines, and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry.

Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Coxswain John Dempster, United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U.S.S. New Ironsides during action in several attacks on Fort Fisher, North Carolina, 24 and 25 December 1864; and 13, 14, and 15 January 1865. The ship steamed in and took the lead in the ironclad division close inshore and immediately opened its starboard battery in a barrage of well-directed fire to cause several fires and explosions and dismount several guns during the first two days of fighting. Taken under fire as she steamed into position on 13 January, the New Ironsides fought all day and took on ammunition at night despite severe weather conditions. When the enemy came out of his bombproofs to defend the fort against the storming party, the ship's battery disabled nearly every gun on the fort facing the shore before the cease-fire orders were given by the flagship.

General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 59 (June 22, 1865)

Action Date: December 24–25, 1864 & January 13–15, 1865

Service: Navy

Rank: Coxswain

Division: U.S.S. New Ironsides

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

References

1839 births
Year of death unknown
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Scottish-born Medal of Honor recipients
Union Navy sailors
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

John Dempster (Medal of Honor)


Mixed raster content (MRC) is a method for compressing images that contain both binary-compressible text and continuous-tone components, using image segmentation methods to improve the level of compression and the quality of the rendered image. By separating the image into components with different compressibility characteristics, the most efficient and accurate compression algorithm for each component can be applied.

MRC-compressed images are typically packaged into a hybrid file format such as DjVu and sometimes PDF. This allows for multiple images, and the instructions to properly render and reassemble them, to be stored within a single file.

Some image scanners optionally support MRC when scanning to PDF. A typical manual states that without MRC, the image is generated in a single process, with text and graphics not distinguished. With MRC, separate processes are used for text, graphics, and other elements, producing clearer graphics and sharper text, at the price of slightly slower processing. MRC is recommended to optimise the scanning of documents with harder-to-read text or lower-quality graphics. MRC can also reduce the size of the scanned file, though higher compression using JBIG2 can sometimes lead to character substitution errors in scanned documents.

File format

A form of MRC is defined by international standard bodies as ISO/IEC 16485, or ITU recommendation T.44 (accessible free of charge). It defines a file format with bilevel masks and two data layers in each "stripe" of the image. The mask can be encoded in ITU T.4, JBIG1, or JBIG2, while the images can be JPEG, JBIG1, or run-length encoded color. The format is loosely based on JPEG, with a APP13 segment registered for this purpose.

It is not known whether this file format is actually used, as formats like DjVu and PDF have their own ways of defining layers and masks.

See also
Binary image

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
Group 4 compression (MMR; T.6)
JPEG 2000 Compound image file format (JPM; T.805)

References

External links
 Mixed Raster Content (MRC) - Programme of Work Allocated to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG

JPEG
Computer graphics
T.44

Mixed raster content


The Rennell gerygone (Gerygone citrina) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae.
It is found on Rennell Island. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the fan-tailed gerygone (Gerygone flavolateralis), but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

References

Rennell gerygone
Birds of Rennell Island
Rennell gerygone
Rennell gerygone

Rennell gerygone


The Great Morgani (aka Frank Lima) is an American street performer and performance artist from Santa Cruz, California. Although he is an experienced accordionist with 60 years of experience, he is most noted for his spectacular costumes which sometimes take up to 100 hours of work.

Life and career

Frank Lima was born in 1942 in Los Banos, California. His family moved to Santa Cruz in 1946. Lima started performing at age 11, mostly in trios at Portuguese events. He enjoyed success in his first career as a stockbroker, but retired when he was 35. Almost two decades later in 1995, he embarked on a second career playing accordion as a street performer.

In the first few years of his street performing, he performed with his face uncovered. Gradually, he developed more elaborate costumes, relying on the sewing skills he learned from his mother, a master seamstress. Although he performs barefaced privately, he currently performs in public with face covered, often by the material used in the rest of his costume.

Current Performances

The Great Morgani has performed a dozen times at the Cotati Accordion Festival and other festivals including the Gilroy Garlic Festival. He regularly performs at farmer's markets throughout Santa Cruz County and Silicon Valley, as well as downtown shopping areas in Santa Cruz and Los Gatos.

He has collected 42 accordions and assembled more than 130 costumes, which he entitles with names such as "Touluse Morgani" and "Glyn-duh", reflecting themes inspired from literature and historical figures. In February 2014 Lima announced his retirement from street performing in downtown Santa Cruz due to city ordinances that regulate artists and vendors.

See also
Purple Mark

References

External links
 Official Website

American street performers
American accordionists
American performance artists
Musicians from Santa Cruz, California
Living people
1942 births
People from Los Banos, California
21st-century accordionists

The Great Morgani


Rao Bahadur Kashinath Narayan Dikshit (21 October 1889 – 12 August 1946) was an Indian archaeologist who served as Director-general of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1937 to 1944.

Early life and education

Dikshit was born on 21 October 1889 in a Karhade Brahmin family of Pandharpur in the then Bombay Presidency (now Maharashtra, India).

Career

Dikshit worked as Superintendent of Archaeology in the Indian Museum before joining the Archaeological Survey. In the ASI, he served as Government Epigraphist and as Deputy Director-General. He was a part of John Marshall's team which excavated Mohenjodaro. In 1937, Dikshit was appointed Director General of the ASI.

Dikshit assumed office on 21 March 1937 and continued till 1944. As Director General, Dikshit gave license to the University of Calcutta to excavate the site of Bangarh in South Dinajpur. Between 1940-44,. the ASI conducted large-scale excavations at Ahicchatra near Bareilly. Dikshit retired in 1944 and was succeeded by Sir Mortimer Wheeler.

References

1889 births
1944 deaths
20th-century Indian archaeologists
Directors General of the Archaeological Survey of India
People from Solapur district
Scientists from Maharashtra
Indian institute directors

Kashinath Narayan Dikshit


Aeschynite-(Nd) is a rare earth mineral of neodymium, cerium, calcium, thorium, titanium, niobium, oxygen, and hydrogen with the chemical formula .  Its name comes from the Greek word for "shame".  Its Mohs scale rating is 5 to 6. It is a member of the hydroxide minerals.

It was first reported for an occurrence in Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia in 1982. In that rare earth mining deposit it occurs in veins within metamorphosed dolomite and slate. It occurs associated with aegirine, riebeckite, barite, fluorite, albite, phlogopite and magnetite. The IMA symbol is Aes-Nd.

See also
 List of minerals

References

Mindat.org
Webmineral.org

Calcium minerals
Hydroxide minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62

Aeschynite-(Nd)


Gordon John Ross (1917 – 27 April 1985) was a sports journalist and author, and a vice-president of Lancashire CCC.

He was closely associated with numerous cricket publications. He succeeded Peter West as editor of the Playfair Cricket Annual in 1954, remaining in this role until his death. He edited the Cricketer Quarterly Facts and Figures and also the Playfair Cricket Monthly throughout the thirteen years of its existence.

He was an associate editor of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack (under Norman Preston) between 1978 and 1980, for whom he reviewed books (1979 and 1980) and wrote articles. His brochures covered football of both codes (he edited the Playfair Rugby Annual for many years) and his books included one on the University Boat Race, as well as a short history of cricket and other histories of Surrey CCC, such as The Surrey Story, West Indian cricket and the Gillette Cup. He worked regularly as a sports journalist for the Sunday Times, The Times, The Scotsman and the Sunday Telegraph.

As a consultant to Gillette and subsequently NatWest, he had been directly involved with one-day county cricket since its inception in 1963. Although he was a consultant to Gillette, he refused to use its products.

He was a well-known and popular figure around English cricket grounds, always dapper and seldom seen without a red carnation in his buttonhole. He died at Lord's after watching a day's cricket.

References

External links
 Wisden obituary

1917 births
1985 deaths
Print editors
English male journalists
Cricket historians and writers
English rugby union commentators
Place of birth missing

Gordon Ross (writer)


Georges Washington Louis Gilbert de La Fayette (24 December 1779 – 29 November 1849) was the son of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, the French officer and hero of the American Revolution, and Adrienne de La Fayette. He was named in honor of George Washington, under whom his father served in the Revolutionary War.

Early life
La Fayette was born on Christmas Eve in 1779, while his father was on a one-year return to France. He was christened the next day and named after American General George Washington, with the elder Lafayette saying the gesture was "a tribute of respect and love for my dear friend." From 1783, La Fayette grew up in the Hôtel de La Fayette at 183 rue de Bourbon, Paris.  Their home was the headquarters of Americans in Paris. Benjamin Franklin, John and Sarah Livingston Jay, and John and Abigail Adams met there every Monday. They dined with the La Fayette family as well as with the liberal nobility, such as Clermont-Tonnerre, Madame de Staël, Morellet, and Marmontel.

In 1789, the French Revolution began. After 10 September 1792, in the wake of the September Massacres, La Fayette went into hiding with his tutor, Felix Frestrel. His mother was put under house arrest and, later, in prison. On 22 July 1794, his great-grandmother, Catherine de Cossé-Brissac, duchesse de Noailles, his grandmother, Henriette-Anne-Louise d'Aguesseau, duchesse d'Ayen, and aunt, Anne Jeanne Baptiste Louise, vicomtesse d'Ayen, were guillotined.

Exile from France
In April 1795, Georges was sent to America with Frestrel. While there, he studied at Harvard, and he was a house guest of George Washington at the presidential mansion in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and at the Washington family home, Mount Vernon, Virginia.

On 15 October 1795, Georges' mother was sent to join his father and his sisters, Anastasie and Virginie, in the prison fortress of Olmütz. All of their money and baggage were confiscated. On 18 September 1797, the family was released under the terms of the treaty of Campo-Formio (18 October 1797). They recuperated at Lehmkuhlen, Holstein, near his aunt Madame de Montagu and great-aunt Madame de Tessé.

In 1798, Georges returned from America. In 1799, the family moved to Vianen, near Utrecht during the brief time it was the Batavian Republic. Since Georges was turned back at the French border as an exile, he stayed behind with his father, while his mother Adrienne returned to France.  After Napoleon's plebiscite, on 1 March 1800, he restored La Fayette's citizenship, and removed their names from the émigrés list.

Military service and Restoration
Georges entered the army and was wounded at the Battle of Pozzolo in 1800. Later, he was aide-de-camp to General Grouchy at the Battle of Eylau, 1807, where he gave up his horse, at the risk of his own life. Napoleon's distrust of Georges' father's independence rendered promotion improbable, and Georges de La Fayette retired into private life in 1807.

He entered the Chamber of Deputies and voted consistently on the Liberal side. He was away from Paris during the revolution of July 1830, but he took an active part in the Campagne des banquets, which led up to the French Revolution of 1848.

La Fayette's visit to America
Georges accompanied his father on the latter's triumphant visit to America in 1824 and 1825. Throughout most of the long tour, he kept close company with his father's secretary, Auguste Levasseur. They observed a volunteer fire company turnout in New York City.

He met George Washington Parke Custis at Arlington House. He visited Mount Vernon, and he met Thomas Jefferson at Monticello.

Personal life
In 1802, Georges Washington de Lafayette married Emilie Destutt de Tracy, daughter of the Comte de Tracy. Together, they had three daughters and two sons:

 Natalie Renée du Motier de Lafayette (1803–1878), who married Adolphe Périer, a banker and nephew of Casimir Pierre Périer.
 Charlotte Matilde du Motier de Lafayette (1805–1886), who married Maurice de Pusy (1799–1864), the son of Jean-Xavier Bureau de Pusy.
 Clémentine Adrienne du Motier de Lafayette (1809–1886), who married Gustave de Beaumont (1802–1866).
 Oscar Thomas Gilbert Motier de La Fayette (1815–1881) was educated at the École Polytechnique and served as an artillery officer in Algeria. He entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1846 and voted, like his father, with the extreme Left. After the revolution of 1848, he received a post in the provisional government; as a member of the Constituent Assembly, he became secretary of the war committee. After the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly in 1851, he retired from public life, but emerged on the establishment of the third republic, becoming a life senator in 1875.
 Edmond François du Motier de La Fayette (1818–1890) shared his brother's political opinions; Edmond was one of the secretaries of the Constituent Assembly and a member of the senate from 1876 to 1888.

Lafayette and Tracy lived at their family estate LaGrange, outside Paris, where he spent the rest of his life until his death in 1849, at the age of 70.

Legacy
The appearance of the young Georges Washington is known from a painting, The oath of La Fayette at the Fête de la Fédération, 14 July 1790, in which he is standing on the right alongside his father. The painting is on display at the Musée Carnavalet.

See also
 Franco-American alliance
 La Fayette family
 President's House (Philadelphia) – third Presidential mansion

Notes

Not to be confused with  George Washington.
1779 births
1849 deaths
Politicians from Paris
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
Moderate Republicans (France)
Members of the Chamber of Representatives (France)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bourbon Restoration
Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 4th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 7th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly
Harvard University alumni
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars

Georges Washington de La Fayette


Assassination Vacation is a 2005 book by Sarah Vowell,  in which she travels around the United States researching the assassinations of U.S. Presidents Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield and William McKinley.  While most of the book is devoted to facts about the assassinated presidents and the men who would murder them, Vowell intersperses anecdotes of her self-proclaimed "pilgrimage" of presidential assassinations, including a production of the 1990 musical Assassins.

Audiobook

An abridged audiobook was released by Simon & Schuster on March 29, 2005.  It contained a large cast of readers, and original music was composed by Michael Giacchino. In order of appearance, the cast was:

Conan O'Brien as Robert Todd Lincoln
Eric Bogosian as John Wilkes Booth
Stephen King as Abraham Lincoln
Dave Eggers as Mike Ryan
Catherine Keener as Gretchen Worden
Jon Stewart as James A. Garfield
Tony Kushner as John Humphrey Noyes
Brad Bird as Charles Guiteau and Emma Goldman
Daniel Handler as William McKinley
Greg Giraldo as Theodore Roosevelt
David Rakoff as Leon Czolgosz

See also
 Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
 Assassination of James A. Garfield
 Assassination of William McKinley

References

External links
Book discussion on Assassination Vacation, C-SPAN, April 27, 2005

2005 non-fiction books
2005 audio plays
Books by Sarah Vowell
Works about assassinations in the United States
Books about Abraham Lincoln
Books about William McKinley
Books about Theodore Roosevelt
Books about James A. Garfield
Assassination of James A. Garfield
Assassination of William McKinley
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln
Cultural depictions of James A. Garfield
Cultural depictions of William McKinley
Cultural depictions of John Wilkes Booth
Cultural depictions of Theodore Roosevelt

Assassination Vacation


Mosquito County (also labeled on maps as Musquito County) is the historic name of an early county that once comprised most of the eastern part of Florida. Its land included all of present-day Volusia, Brevard, Indian River, St. Lucie, Martin, Seminole, Osceola, Orange, Lake, Polk and Palm Beach counties.

Mosquito County went out of existence in 1844.

History
The whole east coast of central Florida was known as "Los Musquitos" starting from the 1500s until 1844.

After Andrew Jackson received authority to take possession of the Florida territory ceded by Spain in 1821, he divided the whole territory into two counties, along the Suwannee River. All of the area west formed Escambia, and all of it east formed St. Johns County. This was largely consistent with the previously existing British colonies of West Florida and East Florida.

Mosquito County was split off from St. Johns on December 29, 1824, and the county seat was designated at John Bunch's house just west of the present location of Tomoka State Park. At roughly  long by  wide, it was the largest county in the new territory.

In 1830, the census listed 15 heads of households, and a total of 733 persons, mostly slaves. In January 1835, the county seat was moved to New Smyrna. However, the Second Seminole War had largely depopulated Mosquito County of white settlers by the end of that year. In 1838, there was so little activity in the county that the St. Johns County Clerk was designated to keep the records of the county. However, by 1840, although the census listed no white inhabitants other than the military personnel based at Fort Pierce and New Smyrna, the county had its own officials.

In 1841, legislation was introduced and passed to rename the county "Leigh Read County". However the governor did not sign the bill within the legal time, so the renaming did not take place.

In 1842, the Armed Occupation Act was passed, providing a quarter section () to any head of family who settled on property south of Ocala/Ormond.

In 1843, the county seat had moved again to Enterprise.

In 1844, the expansive area of Mosquito County was cut in half with the southern half being named St. Lucia County, and the northern half being renamed Orange County. St. Lucia County was renamed Brevard County in 1855.

See also
 Spanish Florida
 East Florida
 Florida Territory
 Hernández–Capron Trail
 Charles Downing
 Douglas Dummett
 William Henry Brockenbrough
 Frederick Weedon

References

Further reading

Regions of the United States
1824 establishments in Florida Territory
1844 disestablishments in Florida Territory
Former counties of Florida
History of Florida
History of Brevard County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida

Mosquito County, Florida