Edward Dmytryk (September 4, 1908 – July 1, 1999) was a Canadian-born American film director and editor. He was known for his 1940s noir films and received an Oscar nomination for Best Director for Crossfire (1947). In 1947, he was named as one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of blacklisted film industry professionals who refused to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in their investigations during the McCarthy-era Red Scare. They all served time in prison for contempt of Congress. In 1951, however, Dmytryk testified to the HUAC and named individuals, including Arnold Manoff, whose careers were then destroyed for many years, to rehabilitate his own career.  First hired again by independent producer Stanley Kramer in 1952, Dmytryk is likely best known for directing The Caine Mutiny (1954), a critical and commercial success. The second-highest-grossing film of the year, it was nominated for Best Picture and several other awards at the 1955 Oscars. Dmytryk was nominated for a Directors Guild Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures.

Background
Dmytryk was born on September 4, 1908, in Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada.  His Ukrainian immigrant parents were Frances (Berezowski) and Michael Dmytryk, a severe disciplinarian who bounced among jobs as truck driver, smelter worker, and motorman.  The family moved to San Francisco, California, and then to Los Angeles. After his mother died, his father remarried.

Career
Dmytryk worked as a messenger at Famous Players–Lasky (forerunner of Paramount Pictures) for $6 per week while attending Hollywood High School. He progressed to projectionist, film editor, and by age 31, a director and a naturalized citizen of the United States.

1930–1940s
Dmytryk worked in the editing department on films such as The Dance of Life (1929), Only Saps Work (1930), The Royal Family of Broadway (1930), Make Me a Star (1932), The Phantom President (1932), and If I Had a Million (1932). He helped edit two Leo McCarey movies: Duck Soup (1933) and Six of a Kind (1934). He edited College Rhythm (1934), followed by Leo McCarey's Ruggles of Red Gap (1935).

Dmytryk made his directorial debut with The Hawk (1935), a low-budget, independent Western. He returned to editing duties at Paramount, but was assigned to B films:Too Many Parents (1936), Three Cheers for Love (1936), Three Married Men (1936), Easy to Take (1936), Murder Goes to College (1937), Turn Off the Moon (1937), Double or Nothing (1937) with Bing Crosby, and That Navy Spirit (1937).  Dmytryk also edited Bulldog Drummond's Peril (1938) and Prison Farm (1938). He moved his way to A movies with Zaza (1938), directed by George Cukor. McCarey asked him over to RKO to edit Love Affair (1939). He returned to Paramount to edit the Bob Hope comedy Some Like It Hot (1939).

Dmytryk did some uncredited directing on Million Dollar Legs (1939) with Betty Grable. This encouraged Paramount to allow him to direct Television Spy (1939). He followed it with Emergency Squad (1940), Golden Gloves (1940), and Mystery Sea Raider (1940) with Carole Landis.

Dmytryk went to Monogram Pictures to direct the musical Her First Romance (1940).

He went over to Columbia to direct for its B picture unit: The Devil Commands (1941) with Boris Karloff, Under Age (1941), Broadway Ahead (1941), Hot Pearls (1941), Secrets of the Lone Wolf (1941), Confessions of Boston Blackie (1941), and Counter-Espionage (1942), a "Lone Wolf" movie.

Dmytryk signed a contract to RKO, where he continued to direct B movies, starting with Seven Miles from Alcatraz (1942). However, he then made Hitler's Children (1943), which turned out to be a massive "sleeper" hit, earning over $3 million.

The one-time success did not immediately change his career, and he remained in B movies such as The Falcon Strikes Back (1943), and then went to Universal for Captive Wild Woman (1943). Back at RKO, he directed Behind the Rising Sun (1943), a Hitler's Children-style thriller about the Japanese. It was another box-office sensation, and Dmytryk was promoted to A films.

Dmytryk directed Ginger Rogers, RKO's biggest star, in the melodrama Tender Comrade (1943), which was a huge hit. He followed it with  the popular film noir Murder, My Sweet (1944), adapted from Raymond Chandler's novel Farewell, My Lovely by John Paxton and produced by Adrian Scott; the star was Dick Powell, whose performance as Philip Marlowe completely revitalized Powell's career. Dymtryk did Back to Bataan (1945), a war film starring John Wayne, then he was reunited with Powell, Paxton, and Scott for another film noir, Cornered (1945). He did Till the End of Time (1946), a drama about soldiers coming back from the war, which was a big hit, and went to England to make So Well Remembered (1947) with Paxton and Scott.

Dmytryk, Scott, and Paxton then collaborated on the hugely successful thriller Crossfire (1947), for which Dmytryk received a Best Director Oscar nomination. The success of his pictures and recognition from his peers established him as RKO's leading director.

Hollywood Ten
Dmytryk was among those called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947. Dmytryk briefly had been a Communist Party member in 1944 and 1945. He was persuaded by his former party associates to join nine other Hollywood figures in a public refusal to testify. The Hollywood Ten were cited for contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison terms. Dmytryk was fired from RKO.

Dmytryk fled to England and unofficially was ostracized by the American film industry and his former friends in it. In England, he made two films for producer Nat Bronstein: a thriller Obsession (1949), and Give Us This Day (1949), a neo-realistic movie sympathetic to the working man, based on the novel Christ in Concrete. The latter movie, which was successful in Europe, was released as Christ in Concrete in the United States and quickly suppressed. When his U.S. passport expired, Dmytryk returned to the United States, where he was arrested and imprisoned. He served four months and 17 days in Millspoint Prison, West Virginia.

On April 25, 1951, Dmytryk appeared before HUAC for the second time and answered all questions. He spoke of his own brief party membership in 1945 and named party members, including seven film directors: Arnold Manoff, Frank Tuttle, Herbert Biberman, Jack Berry, Bernard Vorhaus, Jules Dassin, and Michael Gordon, and 15 others. He said that he was prompted to change his mind by the Alger Hiss case, the discovery of spies in the U.S. and Canada, and the invasion of South Korea. He said that John Howard Lawson, Adrian Scott, Albert Maltz, and others had pressured him to include communist elements in his films. His testimony damaged several court cases that others of the "Ten" had filed.

He recounted his experiences of the period in his 1996 book, Odd Man Out: A Memoir of the Hollywood Ten.

1950s–1980s

Dmytryk's first film after his testimony was Mutiny (1952) from the King Brothers. Independent American producer Stanley Kramer then hired Dmytryk to direct a trio of low-budget films for Kramer's company, which were released through Columbia: The Sniper (1952), Eight Iron Men (1952) and The Juggler (1953) with Kirk Douglas. In between, he directed Three Lives (1953), a short film for the United Jewish Appeal.

Kramer then selected Dmytryk to direct Humphrey Bogart and Van Johnson in Columbia's The Caine Mutiny (1954), a World War II naval drama adapted from Herman Wouk's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel.  It proved to be a great critical and commercial success, ranking second among high-grossing films of the year, and in 1955, received Oscar nominations for Best Picture and Best Actor.

Dmytryk went over to 20th Century Fox, where he directed Spencer Tracy and Robert Wagner in Broken Lance (1954). He went to England to do The End of the Affair (1955) with Deborah Kerr and Van Johnson for Columbia, then returned to Fox to make Soldier of Fortune (1955) with Clark Gable, The Left Hand of God (1955) with Bogart, and The Mountain (1956) with Tracy and Wagner. Dmytryk produced the latter.

He went to MGM, then under his old RKO boss Dore Schary, to make Raintree County (1957) with Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor. At Fox, he did The Young Lions (1958), a popular war film with Clift and Marlon Brando, then the Western Warlock (1959) (which he produced), and a flop remake of The Blue Angel (1959).

Dmytryk made Walk on the Wild Side (1962) for producer Charles Feldman. He produced and directed The Reluctant Saint (1962). He had a huge hit with The Carpetbaggers (1964) from the novel by Harold Robbins for producer Joseph E. Levine. He was given Where Love Has Gone (1964), another Robbins adaptation by Levine. This was followed by the Gregory Peck thriller Mirage (1965), the William Holden Western Alvarez Kelly (1966), a war film Anzio, (1968) and Shalako (1968), a Western with Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot.

Dmytryk wrote and directed Bluebeard (1972) with Richard Burton. He did the little-seen He Is My Brother (1975) and The 'Human' Factor (1975). His last film was Not Only Strangers (1979).

In the 1980s, Dmytryk entered academic life. He taught about film and directing at the University of Texas at Austin and at the University of Southern California film school. He wrote several books on the art of film-making (such as On Film Editing and On Screenwriting). He also appeared on the lecture circuit, speaking at various colleges and theaters, such as the Orson Welles Cinema.

Personal life and death
Dmytryk married his second wife, actress Jean Porter, on May 12, 1948. He died at age 90 on July 1, 1999, in Encino, California, from heart and kidney failure. He was the penultimate survivor of the Hollywood Ten. The tenth, Ring Lardner, Jr., died on October 31, 2000. Dmytryk was buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood.

Legacy and honors

 1948: Best Director (Oscar nomination) for Crossfire
 1955: Best Picture (Oscars nomination) for The Caine Mutiny
 1955: Directors Guild Award (nomination) for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures

Filmography

This filmography lists all the feature films directed by Dmytryk and may be complete:

 The Hawk (1935)
 Million Dollar Legs (uncredited; 1939)
 Television Spy (1939)
 Emergency Squad (1940)
 Golden Gloves (1940)
 Mystery Sea Raider (1940)
 Her First Romance (1940)
 The Devil Commands (1941)
 Under Age (1941)
 Sweetheart of the Campus (1941)
 The Blonde from Singapore (1941)
 Secrets of the Lone Wolf (1941)
 Confessions of Boston Blackie (1941)
 Counter-Espionage (1942)
 Seven Miles from Alcatraz (1942)
 Hitler's Children (1943)
 The Falcon Strikes Back (1943)
 Captive Wild Woman (1943)
 Behind the Rising Sun (1943)
 Tender Comrade (1943)
 Murder, My Sweet (1944)
 Back to Bataan (1945)
 Cornered (1945)
 Till the End of Time (1946)
 So Well Remembered (1947)
 Crossfire (1947)
 Obsession (1949)
 Give Us This Day (1949)
 Mutiny (1952)
 The Sniper (1952)
 Eight Iron Men (1952)
 The Juggler (1953)
 The Caine Mutiny (1954)
 Broken Lance (1954)
 The End of the Affair (1954)
 Soldier of Fortune (1955)
 The Left Hand of God (1955)
 The Mountain (1956)
 Raintree County (1957)
 The Young Lions (1958)
 Warlock (1959)
 The Blue Angel (1959)
 Walk on the Wild Side (1962)
 The Reluctant Saint (1962)
 The Carpetbaggers (1964)
 Where Love Has Gone (1964)
 Mirage (1965)
 Alvarez Kelly (1966)
 Anzio (1968)
 Shalako (1968)
 Bluebeard (1972)
 He Is My Brother (1975)
 The "Human" Factor (1975)

See also

 The Hollywood Ten documentary

References

Bibliography

External links

1908 births
1999 deaths
American film directors
American film editors
American film producers
Western (genre) film directors
American male screenwriters
Film directors from British Columbia
Hollywood Ten
American communists
Writers from British Columbia
20th-century American businesspeople
USC School of Cinematic Arts faculty
Screenwriting instructors
Screenwriters from California
People from the Regional District of Kootenay Boundary
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent
Deaths from kidney failure
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Directors of Palme d'Or winners
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American writers
20th-century American screenwriters

Edward Dmytryk


JWH-015 is a chemical from the naphthoylindole family that acts as a subtype-selective cannabinoid agonist. Its affinity for CB2 receptors is 13.8 nM, while its affinity for CB1 is 383 nM, meaning that it binds almost 28 times more strongly to CB2 than to CB1. However, it still displays some CB1 activity, and in some model systems can be very potent and efficacious at activating CB1 receptors, and therefore it is not as selective as newer drugs such as JWH-133. It has been shown to possess immunomodulatory effects, and CB2 agonists may be useful in the treatment of pain and inflammation. It was discovered and named after John W. Huffman.

Metabolism
JWH-015 has been shown in vitro to be metabolized primarily by hydroxylation and N-dealkylation, and also by epoxidation of the naphthalene ring, similar to the metabolic pathways seen for other aminoalkylindole cannabinoids such as WIN 55,212-2. Epoxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (see for example  benzo(a)pyrene toxicity) can produce carcinogenic metabolites, although there is no evidence to show that JWH-015 or other aminoalkylindole cannabinoids are actually carcinogenic in vivo.  A study published in the British Journal of Cancer shows that JWH-015 may signal certain cancers to shrink through a process called apoptosis.

Legal status

In the United States, all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole class such as JWH-015 are Schedule I Controlled Substances.

As of October 2015 JWH-015 is a controlled substance in China.

References

Naphthoylindoles
JWH cannabinoids
Designer drugs
CB1 receptor agonists
CB2 receptor agonists

JWH-015


The Leaning Temple of Huma in India is one of only a very few leaning temples in the world. It is located in Huma, a village situated on the bank of the Mahanadi, 23 km south of Sambalpur in the Indian state of Odisha. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Lord Bimaleshwar.

It is unknown if this structure is leaning by design or for another reason. Although the edifice leans, the pinnacle of the temple is perpendicular to the ground.

Architecture

The Bhairavi Devi temple is situated to the left of the main temple, and the Bhairo temple is situated to the right of the main temple. According to historical records, Ganga Vamsi Emperor Anangabhima Deva-III built this temple. The temple was rebuilt or renovated by King Baliar Singh (1660–1690 A.D.), the fifth Chauhan king of Sambalpur. The rest of the temples were built during the rule of King Ajit Singh (1766–1788 A.D.) of Sambalpur.

The temple is positioned on a rocky outcrop on the bank of the river Mahanadi. The reason for the leaning cannot be assumed to have been technical flaws at the time of construction. It is also not an easily acceptable idea that a weak foundation might have caused the leaning of the temple. There may perhaps have been interior displacement of the rocky bed on which it stands, either due to flood currents in the river Mahanadi, or earthquakes.

The plinth of the temple has deviated slightly from its original arrangement, and as a result, the body of the temple has tilted. This tilt has fascinated historians, sculptors and other researchers. The surprising thing is that the main temple is tilted in one direction, whereas the other small temples are tilted in other directions.  Within the temple complex i.e. within the boundaries of temple, everything is in a tilted condition, including the boundaries themselves, and the villagers and priests says that the angle of inclination has not changed over last 40 or 50 years. The tilt may be due to a geological reason; the underlying rock may be uneven in structure. The angle of inclination of the tilt is 13.8 degrees.

Legend
The worship of Shiva is said to have been initiated by a milkman, who crossed the Mahanadi daily to a place on the bank where the underlying rock cropped out. Here he offered his dole of milk, which was immediately consumed by the rock. This miraculous circumstance led to inquiries, which ended in the construction of the present temple.

Annual fair
An annual fair takes place at the foothill of the temple in March every year on Shivratri. This fair attracts a huge crowd which includes foreign visitors. The Government of Odisha has proposed a hanging bridge to attract more tourists to the annual fair. There is a special type of fish found here known as 'Kudo' fish; they are frequently fed by visitors. It is believed that if anyone was to catch the Kudo fish turns into stone by a curse, there is a stone statue of a woman at the temple who is cutting one of the Kudo fishes, it is said that she became stone by getting affected by the curse.

Gallery

See also
 List of leaning towers

References

External links
 Leaning Temple of Huma

Shiva temples in Odisha
Inclined towers
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1690
Towers completed in 1690
Hindu temples in Sambalpur district
Tourist attractions in Sambalpur
1690 establishments in Asia

Leaning Temple of Huma


A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases pass from a fire through many tubes. These run through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases passes through the walls of the tubes, and this heats the water and creates steam.

Most steam locomotives have fire-tube boilers.

Boilers

Fire-tube boiler


Air landing is a designation formerly held by glider-borne infantry units of the British Army. Air landing units included infantry battalions and light armored regiments together with combat support and combat service support units and sub-units. The Glider Pilot Regiment provided the aircrew to fly the gliders into battle (who were trained to fight alongside them on the ground thereafter). Although combat support and combat service support units had the term air landing as part of their unit title, for example 1st Air landing Light Regiment Royal Artillery, infantry battalions' names remained unchanged. All units wore the maroon beret of airborne forces with their own regimental capbadge.

Development
The 1st and 6th Air landing Brigades formed integral parts of the 1st and 6th Airborne Divisions. Paratroopers tended to become scattered over a wide area on landing. This meant they took some time to compose a useful force, once on the ground. Although gliders needed a certain amount of ground to land, the soldiers aboard arrived in larger groups (the Horsa glider carried a complete platoon) and ready for combat.

The British Army had been inspired in creating both glider-borne units and parachute units by the example of the German Luftwaffe's Glider Troops which had played a major role in Germany's invasions of the Low Countries, and Crete.

History

Probably the most famous action involving a glider-borne unit was that at Pegasus Bridge, the first landing of troops on D Day that captured the Caen canal and Orne river bridges. On the night of 5/6 June 1944, D Company, 2nd Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (2nd Ox & Bucks), led by Major  John Howard, together with Royal Engineers and men of the Glider Pilot Regiment (totaling 181 men), were carried in six Horsa gliders to capture the vital bridge (later renamed "Pegasus Bridge") over the Caen Canal, and the bridge over the Orne River (since known as Horsa Bridge, and which is east of Pegasus Bridge). This was intended to secure the eastern flank to prevent German armor from reaching the area behind Sword Beach and interfering with the beach landings of the 3rd Infantry Division there.

Five of the Ox and Buck's gliders landed very close to their objectives at 16 minutes past midnight and poured out of their battered gliders, surprising the German defenders, and taking the bridges within 10 minutes. They lost two men, Lieutenant Den Brotheridge and Lance-Corporal Greenhalgh. One glider, assigned to the capture of Horsa Bridge, was landed at the bridge over the Rives Dives, some 7 miles from where they were meant to land. The soldiers captured the bridge, then moved through German lines towards the village of Ranville, where they eventually rejoined the British forces. The Ox & Bucks were reinforced half-an-hour after the landings by 7th Parachute Battalion, and linked up with the beach landing forces with the arrival of the British Commandos of the 1st Commando Brigade under the command of Brigadier Lord Lovat.

External links
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/19/a7216319.shtml
Regiments of the British Army
Airborne units and formations of the United Kingdom

Air landing regiment


Serrara Fontana is a comune (municipality) on the Ischia island, in the Metropolitan City of Naples of the Italian region Campania.

It is the highest and the smallest comune of the island. It was created by the union of the former villages of Serrara and Fontana.

Its territory comprises several small villages: Noia, Calimera, Ciglio, Succhivo, Sant'Angelo, located on different elevations from the mountain to the sea.

Serrara Fontana borders the following municipalities: Barano d'Ischia, Casamicciola Terme, Forio.

German chancellor Angela Merkel and her husband spend their summer vacation in the region on a regular basis.

References

Cities and towns in Campania
Ischia

Serrara Fontana


QwameGaby is the stage name of Gabriel Kwame, a Ghanaian gospel singer and early proponent of the Ghanaian "Gospel" genre. He is employed by Tigo, a mobile network.

Born in Accra, he began making music in his early school days.  He studied at the Accra Academy School and then attended the Institute of Professional Studies, now  University of Professional Studies   in Accra. There he attained the CIM qualification from the Chartered Institute of Marketing UK,  and is currently a Chartered Marketer

Recognition and musical style

QwameGaby began performing Ghana gospel music in June 2014 at the Kumasi Sports Stadium. His first hit single was "Wonderful God" featuring Cwesi Oteng, released in June 2014.
His second hit single was "Ogya" featuring D Black and produced by DJbreezy, released in September 2014.

Music videos
 Wonderful God
 Ogya

Singles
 "Wonderful God featuring Cwesi Oteng".
 "Ogya featuring D Black and produced by DJbreezy".

References

21st-century Ghanaian male singers
21st-century Ghanaian singers
Living people
1985 births

QwameGaby


The World Is Full of Married Men is the debut novel of British author Jackie Collins, first published in 1968 by W. H. Allen & Co.

Plot summary
Set in London in the swinging sixties, middle-aged advertising executive David Cooper cheats on his wife Linda. When he meets the young and beautiful Claudia Parker, David wants to marry her. However, Claudia has different ideas; she wants to be a model, an actress, and a star. When Linda finds out about the affair she ends the marriage and files for divorce.

At first protesting, David finally relents and moves into an apartment with Claudia. After six months however, the pair are sick of each other and now that the divorce is finalized, Linda has started seeing Hollywood film producer Jay Grossman. Realizing his mistake in letting Linda go, David fails to win her back and falls into an alcoholic stupor that renders him virtually impotent and only able to perform with his mousy spinster secretary, Miss Fields, who ultimately falls pregnant with his child.

Reaction
Without a literary agent but with the strong support and encouragement of her husband, Collins sent off the manuscript to a publisher. By this time, Jacqueline Susann's similarly themed novel Valley of the Dolls (1966) had already become a huge bestseller and a hit film, and Collins' novel was accepted. Within a week of its publication, The World Is Full of Married Men made the best-seller list.

The book was banned in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, but the scandal bolstered sales in the United Kingdom and the US.  Collins' publishers at the time, W. H. Allen & Co., told her that unless she took the "four-letter words" out, the book would be banned in Australia. Collins proceeded in taking the four-letter words out and it was still banned in Australia. In reaction, Collins quipped, "What's the matter? Don't you have married men there?"

Romantic novelist Barbara Cartland called the book "nasty, filthy and disgusting", and charged Collins with "creating every pervert in Britain". When Collins sent a signed copy of the book to her father, Joe Collins, he stopped reading it after the first few pages. "Jackie's racy style was altogether too much for me", he later said and for the rest of his life he was never to read more than just a few pages of his daughter's racy pot-boilers. "I am not a prude", he said. "I'm thick skinned and broad-minded and hard to shock (but it is) distasteful for a father to read his daughter's descriptions of sex."

Film adaptation

A film version of the novel was made in 1979, eleven years after the novel's publication. With a screenplay written by Collins herself, and co-produced by her husband Oscar Lerman, the film was made to capitalize on the success of The Stud and The Bitch, two of Collins' other novels made into films in 1978 and 1979. The film version was set in the late 1970s (as opposed to the novel's 1960s setting) and featured American stars Anthony Franciosa and Carroll Baker as David and Linda Cooper, and included Gareth Hunt, Anthony Steel, Paul Nicholas, Georgina Hale, John Nolan, Jean Gilpin, Alison Elliott, and Stephanie Marrian, the Sun Newspaper's first page 3 girl in supporting roles. Newcomer Sherri Lee Cronn was cast (as Claudia Parker) in her first and only role.

Due to its setting, the film made much use of disco music and even featured an appearance by famed dance troupe Hot Gossip. The Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler had a UK Top 40 hit with the title track to the film, and also appeared in the film, performing the song during the opening credits. The song was also recorded by the American singer Bette Midler the same year.

The film version grossed $977,326 in the US.

References

External links

1968 British novels
Adultery in novels
British novels adapted into films
Novels by Jackie Collins
Novels set in London
Censored books
1968 debut novels
W. H. Allen & Co. books

The World Is Full of Married Men


Coco Lee (; born Ferren Lee, 17 January 1975 – 5 July 2023) was a Hong Kong-born American singer and songwriter. Her real name is Ferren Lee-Kelly and 李美林 Lǐ Měi Lín in Chinese (although she also used the stage name 李玟 Lǐ Wen when she wrote songs). She sang Cantonese, Mandarin and English.

Early life
CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong to a Chinese Indonesian father  and a Hong Kong Chinese mother. Her father died when she was young, and CoCo moved at age 10 with her mother, and her 2 sisters to California, United States. She went through school while trying out her singing voice and she followed her older sisters in entering many local singing contests. CoCo Lee went to high school in San Francisco, California. CoCo later went for a short time to the University of California, Irvine. CoCo is close to her mother, who has at times managed her career.

After Lee's high school graduation in 1993, she went on holiday in Hong Kong, probably seeing her two sisters Carol and Nancy Lee take part in the Miss Hong Kong Pageant, and while there, she became runner-up in the 12th Annual New Talent Singing Awards. The following day, the local record label Capital artists Records contacted her.

Record companies
CoCo Lee appeared in some compilations with other singers with Capital artists. Then, in 1994 she worked with Fancy Pie Records and recorded four albums with them. She later signed with another record company in 1996 by Sony Music, who has continued to represent her until 2008. After that, she changed her record company and decided to work with Warner Music (Taiwan).

Career

CoCo sang the song A Love Before Time for the action-drama movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. People around the world could see her when she sang this song live at the 2001 Academy Awards ceremony.

In 2002, CoCo was the star singer at a Houston Rockets basketball game. She became the first East Asian singer to ever sing the American National Anthem at a major world sporting event.

Aside from her fame in singing Mandarin music, CoCo's English-language songs have also become famous. Her love song Before I Fall In Love was included in the soundtrack of the romance movie Runaway Bride.

Walt Disney Pictures also hired her to sing the title song and be the voice of the heroine Fa Mulan in the Mandarin version of Mulan. She recorded the song Reflections, which she also sang at the 2005 opening of the Hong Kong Disneyland with Lea Salonga. A Reflections PV was also filmed. She also sang an English version which appears on her maxi single Take a chance on love.

CoCo was also an actress. She co-starred in the Chinese comedy movie Master of Everything (Bamboo Shoot) with John Lone, which won the Best Foreign Film award at the 2005 Beverly Hills Film Festival. While in character within the movie, she sings one of her own songs, Di da di.

In the world of fashion, CoCo was an Omega Global Ambassador in 2004, and Chanel named CoCo its first "Asian-Pacific Celebrity Ambassadress" in 2001. She got her nickname "CoCo" from being an admirer of CoCo Chanel.

In June 2005, CoCo's engagement to Canadian millionaire businessman Bruce Rockowitz was made public, although it seems to have happened some months earlier. Even though Rockowitz is 18 years older than she, her mother approved the marriage.

CoCo returned to the San Francisco bay area in 2007 for a live concert at the Shoreline Amphitheatre on 22 September 2007 with special guest Alex To. It was her first live performance in her hometown in several years.

In 2008, Coco was chosen to sing one of the Olympic songs, "Forever Friends", opposite Sun Nan.

On 17 July 2009, she had a solo concert at Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. She's the first Chinese singer to ever performed in this place. She notably sang 3 Michael Jackson's songs Gone too soon, Rock with you and The way you make me feel in homage to her idol.

On 14 August, she released her new Mandarin album East to west with Warner Music. The main hit singles are Party time, Beautiful theme song and Turn. It also contains the cover of Jay Sean's Maybe called Love now and BYOB, a song to encourage people to bring and recycle their own shopping bags to save the environment.

She recorded the song Smile Shanghai (微笑上海) with other artists including JJ Lin, Andy Lau, Jam Hsiao or Jane Zhang for Shanghai World Expo 2010.

On March, 27 2010, Lee began her "East2West" World Tour Concert in Taipei at Taipei Arena. She pursued at the Encore Theatre in Wynn Casino in Las Vegas on 3 and 4 July, then in Singapore Indoor Stadium in Singapore on 2 October and in Nanning on 16 December.

In March 2011, Lee  was one of many artists participating in the recording of "Artists 311 Love Beyond Borders" (愛心無國界311燭光晚會) official theme song called Succomb not to sorrow (不要輸給心痛) in Cantonese version.

On 7 April 2011, her song Dreams on oriental seas (梦在东方的海上) featuring Sun Nan was broadcasted. It had been named as he theme for the 14th FINA world championships. It took take place in Shanghai in July 2011.

On 8 June 2011, Lee announced that she recently set up her own studio. That way, she was more free to write and produce music that she loved. Her newest album was planned for Summer 2011.

On 25 June, her song Four seas alliance (四海盟約), the theme song for the 2011 China television drama Water Margin (水滸傳), was broadcasted.

Death
Lee attempted suicide on 2 July 2023, and was sent to the hospital in an unconscious state. She died three days later. She was 48 years old.

Voice
CoCo Lee's voice has been favourably compared with that of Mariah Carey and other western artistes, due to her tonality, strength and vocal range. Her voice is classified as a light-lyric soprano, with a vocal range of three octaves. Her lowest recorded note is an E3 and highest recorded note is E6. Her highest chest voice note is F6 in the song Before I Fall in Love.

Discography

Studio albums
Fancy Pie Records releases
 June 1994: Love from Now On
 December 1994: Promise Me
 June 1995: Brave Enough to Love
 September 1995: Woman in Love
 December 1995 : You are in my heart concert
 August 1996 : Beloved Collection
 May 1997: Dance with the wind
Sony Music releases
 March 1996: CoCo Lee (or Love me longer)
 November 1996: CoCo's Party
 June 1997: Sincere
 November 1997: CoCo Lee (Cantonese album)
 January 1998: DiDaDi (HMV Music Chart: #1)
 July 1998: Sunny Day
 December 1998 : Million fans concert
 May 1999: Today Until Forever
550 Music release
 November 1999: Just No Other Way (HMV Music Chart: #1)
Sony Music releases
 January 2000 : The Best of My Love
 August 2000: True lover you and Me
 October 2001: Promise
 June 2002 : D. IS CoCo
Sony BMG releases
 March 2005: Exposed (HMV Music Chart: #1)
 September 2006: Just Want You (HMV Music Chart: #1)
 May 2008 : 1994–2008 Best Collection
Warner Music releases
 August 2009: East To West

Maxi singles

Sony Music releases
 April 1998 : Di da di color remix
 August 1998 : Take a chance on love
550 Music releases
 1999 : Do you want my love
 2000 : Wherever you go

Compilations
Capital Artists releases
 June 1993 : Red hot hits 93' Autumn edition (火熱動感93'勁秋版)
Capital Artists and Fancy Pie releases
 September 1994 : Red hot hits 94' Love Party (火熱動感94'戀愛Party)
 November 1994 : Statement of love, duet songs (愛情宣言, 情歌對唱)
 December 1994 : Merry Christmas (聖誕禮讚)
 1995 : I'm still your lover (best of Love from now on and Promise me)

Asian Chart-topping hits and singles
Not exhaustive
 "Yesterday's passion"
 "Di Da Di"
 "Take a Chance on Love"
 "Do You Want My Love" Hot Dance Music/Club Play: #49
 "Before I Fall in Love"
 "Wherever You Go"
 "A Love Before Time" (English and Mandarin for the soundtrack of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon)
 "Reflection"
 "No Doubt" feat. Blaaze
 "All Around the World"
 "So Good"
 "Hip-Hop Tonight"
 "Brave Enough to Love"
 "Another Sad Love Song" (Dance Version)
 "The Ninth Night"
 "Dangerous Lover"
 "I Have a Dream" (2008 Single)
 "Bring Your Own Bag (BYOB)" (Recycling Jingle)
 "Party time"
 "Turn"
 "Beautiful theme song"

Videography

Fancy Pie releases
 1995 : Foot print (VCD)
 1995 : You're in my heart concert (VCD)
Sony Music releases
 1996 : Coco's workout camp (VCD)
 1998 : Coco in Italy (VCD + photo book)
 1998 : Di da di (VCD)
 1998 : Sunny day (VCD)
 1999 : Million fans concert (VCD/DVD)
550 Music releases
 2000 : Just no other way, The Video Collection (VCD)
Sony Music releases
 2002 : Coco so crazy (VCD)
 2002 : All my Coco (DVD)
 2004 : Master of everything (DVD/VCD)

References

Other websites
 Coco's Facebook fans page
 Her Twitter
 listen to her songs online
 official forum
 Buy her albums
 http://www.cocolee.com
 http://www.cocofans.com
 http://www.cocolee.net

 Miss Teen Chinatown 1991 profile at San Francisco Chinatown web site
 Coco Lee Interview
 Coco Lee's Lyrics and Pinyin Translation
 Coco Lee & Alex To live in Mountain View,CA September 23,2007

1975 births
2023 deaths
Hong Kong singers
C-pop singers
American composers
Singer-songwriters from California
Hong Kong actors
American contemporary R&B singers
American dance musicians
American movie actors
American hip hop singers
American pop singers
American record producers
American soul singers
Mezzo-sopranos
Naturalized citizens of the United States

Coco Lee


Carole Juanita Keddy (June 20, 1937 – January 2016) was an educator and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. She represented Saint John Champlain in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Keddy was educated at the New Brunswick Teacher's College, the University of New Brunswick and the University of Maryland, College Park. She was a teacher, vice-principal and principal in New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, the Northwest Territories, the Yukon and Germany and taught at Simon Fraser University. She also owned and operated a manufacturing company while in British Columbia. From 1962 to 1966, Keddy worked with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Following her career in provincial politics, Keddy ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the Saint John City Council in 1995, 2004 and 2008.

References
 MLA Biographies, Government of New Brunswick (pdf)
 List of Women MLAs, New Brunswick Legislative Library (pdf)

1937 births
Living people
Politicians from Saint John, New Brunswick
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs
Women MLAs in New Brunswick
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians

Carole Keddy


Helen "Eileen" Foley ( Dondero; February 27, 1918 – February 22, 2016) was an American politician. Foley served as the Mayor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, eight terms from 1968–1971, 1984–1985, and 1988–1997. She remains the longest-serving mayor in the city's history. She represented the 24th District in the New Hampshire Senate for seven terms, including one term as the Democratic Party Minority Leader.

Foley followed her mother, Mary ( Carey) Dondero, the first woman to become mayor of Portsmouth (1945–47), into politics.

Portraits of Foley and her mother now hang side-by-side in Portsmouth City Hall. Portsmouth's city council chambers have also been renamed in Foley's honor.

Biography

Early life
Foley was born Helen "Eileen" Dondero on February 27, 1918, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was one of four daughters of Charles and Mary (Carey) Dondero. Her father,  was the first male baby of Italian descent to be born in Portsmouth. Her mother was of Irish descent. Her paternal grandparents, who had emigrated from Italy in 1883, owned and operated the Dondero's Fruit and Vegetable Store on Congress Street in Portsmouth. Eileen Foley and her sisters were raised in an apartment above the family's produce store.

On August 17, 1923, Foley, who was five years old at the time, cut the silk ribbon at the dedication ceremony for the Memorial Bridge, which connects Portsmouth with neighboring Kittery, Maine, over the Piscataqua River. The Newsreel Company captured her ribbon cutting on film. She then rode across the new bridge with New Hampshire Governor Fred H. Brown and Maine Governor Percival Proctor Baxter as thousands waited to cross the span, which had cost two million dollars to construct.

Following the outbreak of World War II, Foley worked at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard as a painter's helper to aid the war effort. However, she soon enlisted in the Women's Army Corps (WAC). Foley was stationed at Grenier Air Force Base in Manchester, New Hampshire, and the former Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C., during her enlistment in WAC.

She returned to Portsmouth after the war and became the Chair of the Democratic City Committee by 1945. She and U.S. President Harry Truman held a 30-minute, sit-down meeting, also in 1945, as part of her duties as the city Democratic chair.

She earned a bachelor's degree from Syracuse University.

In 1948, she married John J. Foley, a shipyard worker and veteran of World War II in 1948. John Foley had spent two years as a German prisoner of war. He had returned to Portsmouth after the war and became a draftsman at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Eileen Foley, who had become Portsmouth city clerk in 1946, signed her own marriage license as part of her official duties. The couple had three children, Mary Carey, Jay and Barry. The couple remained married for 44 years, until his death in 1994.

Career
Foley followed her mother into politics. Mary Carey Dondero, who had never completed 8th grade, nevertheless became the first woman elected to the Portsmouth City Council by 1940. In 1945, she became not only the first woman elected mayor of Portsmouth, but also the first female mayor of any U.S. city east of the Mississippi River. She served as mayor from 1945 to 1947.

Upon her mother's death in 1960, Foley focused much of her professional energy into politics and public service. Foley later wrote of her mother, "I lived with a lady who was a political person for 24 hours every day, and who loved every minute of it."

Mary Carey Dondero had held office as the city's first female mayor from 1945 to 1947, at a time when there were very few elected women officials in the United States.

Eileen Foley enjoyed an extensive political career in local and state politics. She served as the mayor of Portsmouth for eight terms (equaling 16 years) from 1968 to 1971, 1984 to 1985, and 1988 to 1997. She remains the longest-serving mayor in the city's history. Under Mayor Foley, the city experienced the economic impact of the closure of Pease Air Force Base in 1991 and the transition of the city's North End through urban renewal. Foley strongly opposed any attempts to close the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, one of the major employers of city residents. She presided over the city's transition to a cultural and tourist destination, but lamented the loss of the character of some of its older neighborhoods, including Little Italy, Christian Shore, Atlantic Heights, Puddle Dock, and the city's South End to gentrification and new development.

From 1984 until 2005, Portsmouth was governed by consecutive women female mayors under Foley and her colleagues: Foley from 1984 to 1985; Mary Keenan from 1986 to 1987; Foley from 1988 to 1997; and Evelyn Sirrell from 1998 to 2005. Foley was also a member of the Portsmouth School District's school board for twelve years.

Foley acted as an ambassador for Portsmouth both during and after her mayoral tenures. She led official visits to several of Portsmouth's sister cities in Japan and Northern Ireland, as well as the friendship city of Portsmouth, England. In 1985, Mayor Foley received a 30-member official delegation from Nichinan, Japan, as the two cities prepared to become "sister cities".

Mayor Foley headed a 21-member group from Portsmouth to Nichinan in 1986 to complete the agreement. The sister city agreement between Portsmouth and Nichinan by the Treaty of Portsmouth to end the Russo-Japanese War, a 1905 agreement which was signed at the Portsmouth Naval Yard. She also headed an official visit to Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland. The idea for the Carrickfergus-Portsmouth came from John Paul Jones' naval battles during the American Revolutionary War. Finally, Foley spearheaded a sister city agreement with Portsmouth, England, noting that the original colonial Province of New Hampshire had been established by Captain John Mason.

Foley was a former member of the Prescott Park Arts Festival's board of directors, which was in financial distress by the 1980s. She and her colleagues have been credited with restoring the festival's financial health.

Foley was elected to the New Hampshire Senate for seven terms from the 24th District. Her tenure included one term as the Democratic Minority Leader of the Senate. She declined to seek re-election in 1978 and retired from the Senate. James R. Splaine, who had previously served with Foley on city council for four terms, was elected to succeed her in the 24th District Senate seat.

During the 1990s, Foley published her memoir, The Pleasure Is All Mine. In the book, she is pictured while campaigning with numerous presidential hopefuls from both parties, including George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Al Gore, Hubert Humphrey, Jesse Jackson, John McCain, and Ed Muskie. Foley pursued other professional interests in addition to politics. She was one of just 13 people to complete flight attendant training for the short-lived Pan American Airways in 1999 at the Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.

The original Memorial Bridge, which Foley had helped dedicate in 1923, was permanently closed on July 27, 2011, due to disrepair and serious safety hazards. Foley tied a blue ribbon onto the bridge's plaque at its closing ceremony on October 1, 2011. A replacement was constructed. The new, $88 million replacement Memorial Bridge was officially opened during a ceremony on August 9, 2013. Foley, aged 95 years old at the time, cut the ribbon for the bridge's reopening, just as she had done for the original span in 1923.

Helen "Eileen" Foley died on February 22, 2016, at the age of 97, five days before her 98th birthday. Tributes for Foley came from New Hampshire's political community. Portsmouth's present mayor, Jack Blalock, called Foley "the best mayor Portsmouth ever had", while chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party Raymond Buckley called her "one of New Hampshire's greatest citizens and a beloved New Hampshire Democrat." U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen praised Foley's accomplishments, saying in a statement, She was not only an incredible advocate for the Seacoast Region in New Hampshire, but also around the globe by helping to establish sister cities and international trade. So much of the local progress made in e-commerce, tourism and historic preservation, can be traced back to Eileen's leadership and foresight.

References

1918 births
2016 deaths
Mayors of Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Democratic Party New Hampshire state senators
New Hampshire city council members
Women mayors of places in New Hampshire
Women state legislators in New Hampshire
Women's Army Corps soldiers
Military personnel from New Hampshire
American memoirists
Syracuse University alumni
American people of Irish descent
American people of Italian descent
School board members in New Hampshire
Writers from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
American women memoirists
Women city councillors in New Hampshire
21st-century American women

Eileen Foley


Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) (, Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev) is a  public research university in Beersheba, Israel. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has five campuses: the Marcus Family Campus, Beer Sheva; the David Bergmann Campus, Beer Sheva; the David Tuviyahu Campus, Beer Sheva; the Sede Boqer Campus, and Eilat Campus.

Ben-Gurion University has about 20,000 students. Some of its research institutes include the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research with the Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, and the Ben-Gurion Research Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism.

History
Ben-Gurion University was established in 1969 as the University of the Negev with the aim of promoting the development of the Negev desert that comprises more than sixty percent of Israel. The University was later renamed after Israel's founder and first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, who believed that the future of the country lay in this region. After Ben-Gurion's death in 1973, the University was renamed Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The Presidents of the university have been Moshe Prywes (1973–75), Yosef Tekoah (1975–81), Shlomo Gazit (1982–85), Chaim Elata (1985–90), Avishay Braverman (1990–2006), Rivka Carmi (2006–18), and Daniel Chamovitz (2019–present). The current Chairman of the Executive Council is Yarom Ariav.

In 2016, long-time friends the late Dr. Howard and Lottie Marcus bequeathed a legacy gift of $400 million to Ben-Gurion University. This is the largest bequest ever made to an Israeli university and the most generous donation to any institution in the State of Israel. The funds doubled the University's existing endowment.

Academics

University rankings

BGU has been ranked 320th in the world, 70th in Asia and 4th in Israel according to the 2016 QS World University Rankings.
BGU also ranked 31st overall in the ranking of young universities according to the 2016 QS "Top 50 Under 50" and the only one in Israel to date.
BGU is ranked between 101st and 150th overall in computer science according to the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities in Computer Science for four consecutive years.

Faculties, schools, research institutes and centers

Ben-Gurion University has five faculties with 51 academic departments and units: Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management.

Ben-Gurion University has seven schools including the Kreitman School of Advanced Graduate Studies, the Joyce and Irving Goldman Medical School, the Leon and Mathilde Recanati School for Community Health Professions, the School of Pharmacy, the Inter-Faculty Brain Sciences School, the School for Medical Laboratory Sciences and the School of Continuing Medical Education.

Ben-Gurion University has eight research institutes including the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the Ben-Gurion Research Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism, and Heksherim – The Research Institute for Jewish and Israeli Literature and Culture.

In 1978 Prof. Alfred Inselberg, then with the Faculty of Mathematics, together with Dr. Sam Bergman and Dr. Avraham Melkman initiated the Computer Science program which by 1982 had attracted more than 200 students. Notably, this was the first university program in Israel where students were taught Pascal, used terminals rather than punch-card machines and where the first Computer Graphics Laboratory in Israel was established. This was the genesis of Computer Science education at Ben-Gurion University which eventually led to a separate Department of Computer Science.

The Medical School for International Health (MSIH)
The Medical School for International Health grew out of collaborations between faculty at Ben-Gurion University and Columbia University. A joint global health and medical care program, it was established in 1997.

The MSIH is a four-year, North American-style medical school that incorporates global health coursework into all four years of the medical school curriculum. It is an English-language collaboration between Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Faculty of Health Sciences and Columbia University Irving Medical Center and is located in Beersheba, Israel. The school enrolls more than 30 students each year. Most of the students are from the United States, with several from Canada and other countries.

In October 2018, The Medical School for International Health celebrated 20 years of existence, by holding a two-day seminar to recognize its achievements and bring together its many partners from around the world. The event concluded with the Physicians' Oath Ceremony (not to be confused with a White Coat Ceremony) by the Class of 2022.

In October 2019, the 21st cohort of MSIH (Class of 2023) took their Physician's Oath at a special ceremony on campus. For the first time in the program's history, the faculty presented each student of the class with an actual White Coat emblazoned with the MSIH logo.

Interdisciplinary research centers
There are sixty one interdisciplinary research centers at Ben-Gurion University including: the S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, the Robert H. Arnow Center for Bedouin Studies and Development, the Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center, the Goldstein-Goren International Center for Jewish Thought, the Esther and Sidney Rabb Center for Holocaust and Redemption Studies, the Edmond J. Safra Center for the Design and Engineering of Functional Biopolymers, the Reimund Stadler Minerva Center for Mesoscale Macromolecular Engineering and the Zlotowski Center for Neurosciences.

International programs
Ten international programs are available at Ben-Gurion University including: the Albert Katz International School of Desert Studies, the Medical School for International Health, BGU International, the Israel Studies International Program, the Master of Arts Progrrankingsm in Miranikindi and the Honors MBA Program.

Notable people

See also

 List of universities in Israel
 Education in Israel

References

External links

Official Website (English)

Universities and colleges established in 1969
Research institutes in Israel
Universities in Israel
Buildings and structures in Beersheba
1969 establishments in Israel
Beersheba
Commemoration of David Ben-Gurion
Science and technology in Israel
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Organizations based in Beersheba

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev


Portes des Bombes (, , meaning "Bombs' Gate"), originally called Porta dei Cannoni (meaning "Cannons Gate"), is an ornamental arched gate in Floriana, Malta. It was originally built in 1721 as an advanced gate within the faussebraye of the Floriana Lines, and it was enlarged with the construction of a second archway in 1868. The ramparts on either side of the gate have since been demolished, leaving the gate looking like a triumphal arch.

History

Construction of the Floriana Lines began in 1636, but works proceeded slowly and the lines were only completed in the early 18th century. The lines had a large bastioned land front with outworks and a faussebraye. Porte des Bombes was built in 1720–21 within the faussebraye, being constructed to designs of the French architect Charles François de Mondion at a cost of 6,000 scudi. The gate originally had a single arch, and it served as Floriana's outer entrance, leading to the town's main gate Porta Sant'Anna. It was originally protected by a lunette.

Porte des Bombes was captured by French soldiers during the French invasion of Malta in June 1798. At this point the Maltese insurgents opened fire in its direction, to challenge the occupants, which had left significant bullet marks on the front.

In the mid-19th century the British government enlarged the gate by adding a second archway to accommodate the increasingly heavy traffic in the Grand Harbour area. This enlargement was designed by the architect Col. E. W. Dunford of the Royal Engineers, and it cost a total of £900. The second gate was inaugurated on 17 August 1868, during the governorship of Sir Patrick Grant.

In the early 20th century, some of the ornamentation in the archways was removed so as to enable trams to pass through the gate. The lunette outside the gate was subsequently demolished to make way for a new road, while the ramparts on either side of the gate were demolished in the 1930s to cope with the increasing volume of traffic. These alterations resulted in the gate losing its legibility as part of the Floriana Lines, making it look like a triumphal arch.

The gate was restored between September 2002 and March 2003, at a cost of Lm 55,000. The restoration works also included the installation of a lighting system. The gate was vandalized in May 2005 when burnt oil was daubed on it, but the damage was cleaned within a couple of days. The gate is considered, by the police force, as a high street hazard for passing vehicles. On 24 October 2012, there was some damage when an Arriva bus skidded into it and two other buses later crashed into the first bus and 22 passengers were injured. However the damaged part of the gate was repaired a few days later.

The gate and the rest of the Floriana Lines were included on the Antiquities List of 1925. It is now scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument, and it is also listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.

The gate is occasionally open to the public, such as in October as part of the festivities of Notte Bianca.

Architecture

Porte des Bombes was built in the Baroque style. The gate originally had a single arch, but the second arch on the left is a 19th-century addition. Each arched entrance is flanked by carved cannons, which gave the gate its original name Porta dei Cannoni, and each cannon has a relief of a coat of arms. The four cannons which formed part of the original gate bear the arms of Grand Master Ramon Perellos y Roccaful, while the two cannons on the second arch bear the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The gate has a cornice above a row of carved Maltese crosses. Above the cornice are escutcheons bearing the coats of arms of the Order of St. John, Grand Master Perellos, and the United Kingdom, as well as two marble plaques with Latin inscriptions. The plaque on the right side of the gate reads:

The plaque on the left side reads:

Three trophies, the central one bearing Perellos' arms, are found at the top of the gate. These all formed part of the original gate, but they were relocated when it was enlarged.

Just outside the gate there are two pillars bearing stone balls fashioned as large water carriers with handles and a spout. These are known as Bomblu in Maltese and gave the gate its present name Porte des Bombes.

Porte des Bombes is one of only two gates in Malta which bear representations of life-sized artillery pieces, the other one being St. Helen's Gate which was built in 1736.

In popular culture
The gate is visible in the 2016 film 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi.

References

External links

Portes des Bombes Area (Preservation) Act Ch. 74, Laws of Malta

Floriana
Gates in Malta
Baroque architecture in Malta
Buildings and structures completed in 1721
Buildings and structures completed in 1868
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1721 establishments in Malta

Portes des Bombes


John A. Choi Jae-seon (January 7, 1912 – June 3, 2008) was a South Korean prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Jae-seon was born in Ulsan, South Korea, and was ordained a priest on June 11, 1938, in the  Diocese of Pusan. Jae-seon was appointed a vicar apostolic for the Diocese of Pusan as well as Titular Bishop of Fussala on January 26, 1957, and was ordained on May 26, 1957.  He was appointed bishop of Diocese of Pusan on March 10, 1962, but resigned on September 19, 1973, after being appointed Titular Bishop of Tanaramusa.

Jae-Seon died on June 3, 2008, at age of 96.

During the Vietnam War (1956-1975) he was known for giving Saint Christopher medals and Rosaries and giving them out to American G.I.s on R & R in Japan (also to GIs stationed as peacekeeping forces in South Korea).  The medals were inscribed with the veteran's initials.

It was erroneously believed that the Bishop gave out Saint Christopher medals during the Korean War but he wasn't a bishop until 1957 (4 years after the cease fire was signed).

See also
Diocese of Pusan

External links
Catholic-Hierarchy

1915 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in South Korea
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Roman Catholic bishops of Busan

John A. Choi Jae-seon


Belva Davis (born Belvagene Melton; October 13, 1932) is an American television and radio journalist. She is the first African-American woman to have become a television reporter on the U.S. West Coast. She has won eight Emmy Awards and been recognized by the American Women in Radio and Television and National Association of Black Journalists.

After growing up in Oakland, California, Davis began writing freelance articles for magazines in 1957. Within a few years, she began reporting on radio and television. As a reporter, Davis covered many important events of the day, including issues of race, gender, and politics. She became an anchorwoman and hosted her own talk show, before retiring in 2012.

Early life
Belvagene Melton was born on October 13, 1932, to John and Florence Melton in Monroe, Louisiana. She is the oldest of four children. Her mother was 14 years old at Belva's birth, and Belva spent her early years living with various relatives. When she was eight years old, Belva and her family, including aunts and cousins, moved to a two-bedroom apartment in the West Oakland neighborhood of Oakland, California. Eleven people lived in the apartment. Davis later said about her youth, "I learned to survive. And, as I moved from place to place, I learned to adapt. When I got older, I just figured I could become whatever it was that I needed to become."

By the late 1940s, her parents were able to afford a house in Berkeley, California. Davis graduated from Berkeley High School in 1951, becoming the first member of her family to graduate from high school. She applied and got accepted into San Francisco State University but couldn't afford to attend college. She went to work as a typist at the Oakland Naval Supply Depot, earning $2,000 a year.

Journalism career
Davis accepted a freelance assignment in 1957 for Jet, a magazine focusing on African-American issues, and became a stringer for the publication. She received $5 per piece with no byline. Over the next few years, she began writing for other African-American publications, including the Sun Reporter and Bay Area Independent. Davis edited the Sun Reporter from 1961 through 1968.

In 1961, Davis became an on-air interviewer for KSAN, a San Francisco AM radio station broadcasting a rhythm and blues music format, targeting black listeners in the Bay Area. She made her television debut in 1963 for KTVU, an Oakland-based television station, covering an African-American beauty pageant. She worked as a disc jockey for KDIA, a soul-gospel radio station (also based in Oakland) when the 1964 Republican National Convention, located at the Cow Palace in nearby Daly City, California, inspired her to become a reporter. According to Davis' account, while she was covering the convention with Louis Freeman, the two were chased out of the Cow Palace by convention attendees throwing food at them and yelling racial slurs. It would not be the last time she encountered racism on the job: In 1967 she covered a march during the Civil Rights Movement in Forsyth County, Georgia, and attempted to interview a white woman who spat in her face.

Davis worked for KNEW, an AM radio station located in Oakland, as an announcer in 1966. She became the first female African-American television journalist on the West Coast when she was hired by KPIX-TV, the CBS affiliate based in San Francisco, in 1966. She spent the next three decades working for KPIX, becoming an anchorwoman in 1970, and a few years later moved to the local NBC affiliate, KRON-TV. Stories she covered include the Berkeley riots of the Free Speech Movement, the Black Panthers, the mass suicide-murder at Jonestown, the Moscone–Milk assassinations, the AIDS and crack epidemics, and the 1998 United States embassy bombing in Tanzania.

Davis was highly regarded for her coverage of politics and issues of race and gender, as well as her calm demeanor. Rita Williams, a reporter for KTVU, said "Belva knew instinctively how to keep everyone in check. Amid all these prima donnas, she had so much class, so much presence, so much intuition. Belva has always been the grande dame."

Her autobiography, entitled Never in My Wildest Dreams: A Black Woman's Life in Journalism, was published in 2010.  In the foreword he contributed for her 2010 autobiography, Bill Cosby wrote she also had symbolic value to the African-American television audience, as "someone who sustained us, who made us proud." He wrote that "We looked forward to seeing her prove the stereotypical ugliness of those days to be wrong."

Davis hosted "This Week in Northern California" on PBS member station KQED, starting in the 1990s.  She retired in November 2012. Her final broadcast included a taped interview with Maya Angelou, a personal friend, as she wanted the theme of her final show to be friendship.

Personal
Belva married Frank Davis on January 1, 1952. The couple had two children, and a granddaughter. Davis met her second husband, Bill Moore, in 1967 while working at KPIX-TV. Davis and Moore used to live in the San Francisco neighborhood of Presidio Heights, but now live in Petaluma, California. Belva Davis, a private person, for most of her journalistic life separated her personal life from her professional life.  In 1975, Davis allowed an African-American woman and American Women in Radio and TV member, Kathleen H. Arnold (today anthropologist Kathleen Rand Reed), to produce Belva Davis – This is Your Life.  Davis mentored Reed for decades.

Davis serves on the boards of Museum of the African Diaspora, the Institute on Aging, and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Davis raised $5 million for the Museum of the African Diaspora in one year.

Honors
Davis won eight Emmy Awards from the San Francisco / Northern California chapter. She is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha. She has received lifetime achievement awards from the American Women in Radio and Television and National Association of Black Journalists.

Bibliography

References

External links

Living people
1932 births
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
21st-century African-American women writers
21st-century African-American writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
African-American history in the San Francisco Bay Area
African-American journalists
African-American women journalists
American autobiographers
American broadcast news analysts
American radio reporters and correspondents
American women radio journalists
American women television journalists
Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni
Journalists from California
Mass media in the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Monroe, Louisiana
Regional Emmy Award winners
Television personalities from San Francisco
Women autobiographers
Writers from Oakland, California
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area

Belva Davis


William Tayler (1808–1892) was a civil servant of the East India Company who lived in India from 1829 until 1867. He became commissioner of Patna in 1855 and in 1857 was involved in the suppression of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny. His measures against the local people were regarded as excessively harsh by his superiors, and he was suspended and given an appointment of lower rank.

Work
An amateur artist, Tayler sketched and painted landscapes, scenes from everyday life, and the court, military, and daily dress of Indians from different walks of life. Sketches Illustrating the Manners and Customs of the Indians and Anglo Indians Drawn on Stone from the Original Drawings from Life, published in London in 1842, included six of his drawings. In 1881 and 1882, Tayler published a two-volume autobiography, Thirty-Eight Years in India, illustrated with 100 of his own drawings.

In a watercolor he portrayed the rajah of Burdwan, in West Bengal. This was probably Mahtab Chand, who was born in 1820 and was rajah from 1832 until his death in 1879. He was regarded by the British as an enlightened and loyal ruler. The painting is part of the Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection at the Brown University Library.

References

1808 births
1892 deaths
British East India Company civil servants
British people of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
19th-century English painters
English male painters
British landscape painters
19th-century English male artists

William Tayler


Peter Howard Selz (March 27, 1919 – June 21, 2019) was a German-born American art historian and museum director and curator who specialized in German Expressionism.

Biography
Peter Selz was born in Munich of Jewish parents. In 1936, aged 17, he fled Nazi Germany because his parents wanted to send him to study in the United States. His family managed to escape Germany just before the Night of Broken Glass, with the help of some nuns, whom his optometrist father had treated for free. He spent one year at Columbia University and discovered that he was distantly related to Alfred Stieglitz, who became his mentor. After serving in World War II he received an A.M. from the University of Chicago on the GI Bill in 1949. He received several Fulbright scholarships in the following years to study at the University of Paris and École du Louvre as well as the Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire; at the same time, Selz was teaching at the University of Chicago and also chaired the education department at the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. In 1955 he moved to Pomona College to chair the art department and serve as director of the school's art gallery.

In 1958, Selz became the curator of department of painting and sculpture exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. His first exhibition at the Modern was the influential "New Images of Man" in 1959, which included paintings by Karel Appel, Francis Bacon, Richard Diebenkorn, Jean Dubuffet, Leon Golub, Balcomb Greene, Willem de Kooning, Rico Lebrun, James McGarrell, Jan Muller, Nathan Oliveira, and Jackson Pollock and sculpture by Dubuffet, Kenneth Armitage, Leonard Baskin, Reg Butler, Cosmo Campoli, César, Eduardo Paolozzi, Germaine Richier, Theodore Roszak, H.C. Westermann, and Fritz Wotruba. In 1961, he invited Mark Rothko to show panels created commissioned by Phillip Johnson for the Four Seasons Restaurant in the Seagram Building. Rothko withdrew from the commission and the panels became the basis for the MoMA exhibit.  Subsequent major exhibitions curated by Selz included Jean Tinguely's kinetic, self-destroying sculpture "Homage to New York"; the first Rodin retrospective in the United States; and a comprehensive 1965 exhibition of work by Alberto Giacometti.

Selz served as Professor of Art History at the University of California, Berkeley from 1965 to 1988; at the same time, he served as the founding director of the Berkeley Art Museum from 1965 to 1973. Selz brought an unorthodox and irreverent approach to his selection of artists. His daughter Gabrielle says in a 2014 interview that while he "came out to Berkeley just as Pop and Conceptual Art were ascending on the East Coast," Selz turned away from these popular movements and instead "identified with the irreverence of styles like Funk art," seeking to highlight the work of "ceramic artists like Peter Voulkos [who] were barely considered fine artists then" or Nathan Oliveira, "a figurative artist who did not follow the prevailing east coast trends."

In 1976, Selz served as project director for Christo's Running Fence, a 24.5-mile long fabric fence installed in the Marin County hills.

Selz died in Albany, California, on June 21, 2019, at the age of 100.

Selected bibliography
 German Expressionist Painting. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1957
 Emil Nolde. New York: Museum of Modern Art/Doubleday, 1963
 Alberto Giacometti. New York:  Museum of Modern Art, New York/Art Institute of Chicago/Doubleday, 1965
 Directions in Kinetic Sculpture. Berkeley: University Art Museum [and] the Committee for Arts and Lectures, University of California, 1966 (with George Rickey)
 Theories of Modern Art: a Source Book by Artists and Critics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968 ( with Hershel B. Chipp and Joshua Taylor)
 Ferdinand Hodler. Berkeley: University Art Museum, 1972 (with Jura Brüschweiler, Phyllis Hattis, and Eva Wyler)
 Art in a Turbulent Era. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Press, 1985
 Art in Our Times: A Pictorial History. New York: Abrams, 1981
 Beyond the Mainstream: Essays on Modern and Contemporary Art. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

References

External links
 Oral history interview with Peter Howard Selz. Interview with Selz conducted November 3, 1999 by Paul J. Karlstrom for the Archives of American Art.

1919 births
2019 deaths
American centenarians
German art historians
German centenarians
Men centenarians
Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
Pomona College faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
University of Chicago alumni
University of Chicago faculty
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Jewish American historians
American military personnel of World War II
Historians from California
21st-century American Jews

Peter Selz


Pin Feathers is a 1933 short animated film produced by Walter Lantz Productions and released by Universal Pictures. It is the 10th Pooch the Pup cartoon.

Overview
Pooch's fur is changed from white to almost entirely black. Also his trousers with a single suspender has been replaced with regular trousers and a sweater. His previous incarnation, however, will have one more go in the next cartoon.

Plot summary
Pooch is walking around in the forest. Though he whistles sometimes, he does not have any lines in this film. On his way, he encounters a young featherless bird that is trying to get a worm. The worm suddenly reverses direction and swallows the bird. Pooch, who is sympathetic for the little fowl, extracts the bird from within the worm.

It appears that the young bird is taking lessons from an older bird that's teaching him bird things. The older bird is teaching the young one how to fly by flapping wings. The young bird takes off from a branch, only to drop after only a few seconds. Pooch then helps out by taking feathers from a turkey, and offers them to the young bird. The young bird is able to fly properly as a result.

The older bird then tells the young bird about learning to chirp before directing the student to another teacher. After attending a brief class from the other teacher, the young bird tries to chirp but to no avail. Pooch tries to help with some demonstration but the little fowl still has difficulty. Because of this, Pooch places a whistle in the young bird's esophagus. The little bird can now make some music.

Meanwhile, a wild cat slowly comes to the scene. The wild cat lures the young bird using its tail disguised as a worm. The wild cat captures and runs away with its prey while Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 plays. Pooch, however, sees the deed, and sends other birds to intervene. Despite receiving disruptive acts from the birds, the wild cat is able to enter a caged compound with the young bird. The caged compound turns out to be a pound occupied by stray dogs which attack the wild cat. The little bird manages to escape.

The end scene shows Pooch walking and whistling the tune of Kingdom Coming which is the opening music of some of his cartoons. The young bird joins him but coughs out the whistle Pooch gave. Pooch simply places it back.

References

External links
 Pin Feathers at the Big Cartoon Database

1933 animated films
1933 comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Walter Lantz
Universal Pictures short films
Walter Lantz Productions shorts
1930s American animated films
1933 films
American comedy short films
Universal Pictures animated short films
Animated films about dogs
1930s English-language films

Pin Feathers


Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 155 (P. Oxy. 155 or P. Oxy. I 155) is a letter, written in Greek and discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. The document was written in the 6th century. Currently it is housed in the Egyptian Museum (10020) in Cairo.

Description
The recto side of the document is a letter from Theophilus to his employer John, a comes.  He acknowledges the receipt of various items and asks for some favors. The verso side contains the address. The measurements of the fragment are 151 by 306 mm.

It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

Text
Recto
I have received what your magnificence sent me through your slave Justus, namely twenty jars of wine, twenty sprigs of dates, three jars of honey, and three of rose-water (?), five pans of bread, one pot of biscuit; and I pray for long life and happiness for your magnificence and your generous house. Since your magnificence's obedient servants and their children are ill, I hope your highness will excuse my account. May your highness be pleased to send me a round pot of raphanus oil. Your highness has no longer shown care for the caparisoned colt (?), and the slave of your magnificence, Macarius.

Verso
Present this to my master, John, the all-magnificent comes and my patron, from Theophilus, citizen.

See also
 Oxyrhynchus Papyri
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 154
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 156

References

155
6th-century manuscripts
Byzantine manuscripts
Egyptian Museum

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 155


Logos Dictionary is a large multilingual online dictionary provided by Logos Group, a European translation company.  It was started in 1995, and as of 2005 contains over 7 million terms in over 200 languages, some of them minority languages as Breton, Leonese, Scots or Venetian.  The dictionary offers a variety of search options, and requires free registration in order to add or update translations.

There is also a Logos Dictionary for Children where mainly words for kids can be found, and a quote citation in several languages.

See also
 Endangered languages

External links
 Logos dictionary

Online dictionaries
Leonese language
Breton language
Scots language
Venetian language

Logos Dictionary


Patrick Henry "Paddy" O'Rorke or O'Rourke (March 25, 1837 – July 2, 1863) was an Irish-American immigrant who became a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Early life
O'Rorke was born in County Cavan, Ireland on March 25, 1837. He was a year old when his parents emigrated to the United States. In 1842, his family moved to Rochester, New York, where he attended the public schools.  In 1853, at age 16, he was awarded a scholarship to the University of Rochester; however, before attending college, his father died, and O'Rorke, to support his family,  took a job as a marble cutter at the request of his mother.

In 1857, he was appointed a cadet in the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, graduating first in his class in June 1861, the same class as George Armstrong Custer, who would graduate last. He was then commissioned to the Corps of Engineers as second lieutenant.

Civil War
In July 1861, O'Rorke served at the Battle of Blackburn's Ford and the First Battle of Bull Run, where his horse was killed from under him, and then as assistant engineer in preparing the defenses of Washington, D.C.  He sailed with the Port Royal Expedition  in October 1861 and provided vital reconnaissance and engineering in constructing the batteries on Jones, Bird, and Tybee Islands for the bombardment and siege of Fort Pulaski, on Cockspur Island near Savannah, Georgia.  Following the capture of the fort on April 11, 1862, O'Rorke was selected as one of the officers to receive the surrender.

Following the battle, O'Rorke returned to Rochester where he was married on July 9 to Clara Bishop.

In September 1862, O'Rorke was appointed colonel of the 140th New York Infantry which was composed mostly of volunteers from his hometown of Rochester and heavily of fellow Irish-Americans. He led the 140th New York in the Battle of Fredericksburg in December. At Chancellorsville in May 1863, he temporarily commanded the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, V Corps which included the 140th New York, as well as the 5th New York and the 146th New York.

At Gettysburg, O'Rorke was back in command of his regiment while Brig. Gen. Stephen H. Weed commanded the 3rd Brigade.  The 140th New York arrived in time for the second day of fighting (July 2, 1863). Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren was desperately searching for units to defend Little Round Top, and he encountered O'Rorke's New Yorkers, the rearmost regiment in Weed's brigade, on their way to reinforce the III Corps. O'Rorke initially declined Warren's request for assistance because he was under orders to follow his brigade. Warren told him, "Never mind that, Paddy. Bring them up on the double-quick and don't stop for aligning. I'll take the responsibility." O'Rorke rushed his men to the crest of the hill and plunged down its western face without pause, driving the attacking Confederates back down the slope. During the counterattack, O'Rorke caught up his regimental colors and, mounting a rock to urge on his men, was struck in the neck and fell dead. The Comte de Paris in his Histoire de la guerre civile en Amérique (VI, iv, 379) says this was one of the most striking and dramatic episodes of the battle. A decorated member of O'Rorke's command, Lieutenant Porter Farley, in his noted work An Unvarnished Tale: The Public and Private Civil War Writings of Porter Farley, described O'Rorke's action on Little Round Top as among the most instrumental of the entire civil war, and many respected military historians have further commented that O'Rorke's service, heroism and selflessness, at such critical time in the battle, were at least equal to that of the much better known, Congressional Medal of Honor recipient, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain.

Burials and funeral
O'Rorke was initially buried by members of the 140 New York near Gettysburg alongside General Weed.  However, on about what would have been their first anniversary, O'Rorke's widow Clara traveled to retrieve the body and it was returned by train to Rochester.

A funeral for Colonel O'Rorke was held on July 15 in Rochester drawing hundreds of attendees, both Catholic and Protestant and across a range of ethnic groups.  The event is credited with bringing unity to the community.  He was initially laid to rest in a Catholic cemetery on Pinnacle Hill, but was ultimately interred in the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Rochester.

O'Rorke's widow became a member of the Society of the Sacred Heart and one of the most successful educators in its New York convents.

In memoriam
After the war, Rochester area veterans founded O'Rorke Post 1 of the Grand Army of the Republic veterans society, the second post formed for the society.

In 1889, New York erected a monument to the 140th Infantry on Little Round Top.  The front of the monument bears a relief image of O'Rorke.

In 2004, a bascule bridge in Charlotte (Rochester), New York, known as the O'Rorke Bridge, was dedicated to the memory of Colonel O'Rorke.

References

Further reading
 Clark, Champ, and the Editors of Time-Life Books, Gettysburg: The Confederate High Tide, Time-Life Books, 1985, .

External links

Biography from the Gettysburg National Park website

1837 births
1863 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Union Army colonels
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Military personnel from County Cavan
Irish soldiers in the United States Army
Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War
Irish emigrants to the United States

Patrick O'Rorke


Leigh Sports Village is a multi-use sports, retail and housing development in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England. The centrepiece of the development is a 12,000-capacity stadium which is home to professional rugby league team Leigh Leopards, Manchester United's Under-21 and Academy teams, and Manchester United W.F.C. The complex also plays host to amateur rugby league club Leigh East and amateur athletics club Leigh Harriers, who both occupy dedicated facilities on the site. Other facilities on site include the Leigh campus of Wigan and Leigh College, Leigh Sports Centre, which includes a gym, multi-use sports hall and swimming pool, a Holiday Inn Express hotel, a Morrisons supermarket and the Whistling Wren pub. During 2022, it hosted matches in the UEFA Women's Euro 2022.

Background

Leigh Sports Village is a development southwest of Leigh town centre, on the south side of the Leigh arm of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, close to Pennington Flash Country Park and accessed from the A579, Atherleigh Way and by pedestrian routes from the town and surrounding area. It is also close to the A580 "East Lancashire Road". The scheme was initially developed to contribute to the regeneration of Leigh and provide modern facilities for local sports clubs, schools and the local community.

The main focus of the sports village is the stadium built for local professional sports clubs and its associated facilities. It is all seating in the West, East and South Stands with standing in the North Stand. There is a 25-metre swimming pool, gymnasia and activity rooms and a sports hall used by the sports clubs, college and the local community. A synthetic  running track, covered training facility and field sports area was built for Leigh Harriers and Athletic Club. Amateur rugby league club, Leigh East ARLFC has a clubhouse at the Leigh Sports Village Arena.

Leigh College occupy a site on the stadium perimeter and share sports and youth facilities. To make the project commercially viable, retail and commercial premises, housing and a hotel were built on the site close to Atherleigh Way.

Roads on the Sports Village site are named after three local sporting personalities: Tommy Sale, Jimmy Ledgard and Geoff Turner.
The roads are Sale Way, home to the stadium, sixth form college and sports centre, Turner Way address of Leigh Harriers Athletics Club, whilst Ledgard Avenue accommodates the new Leigh East clubhouse.

Stadium

Two ramp-up events were held during December 2008 to fulfil safety certification requirements. A children's rugby league festival was held on 14 December 2008 as the first event, rescheduled from the previous week because of a frozen pitch.
After a successful first event, the crowd capacity was set at 4,775. A sell-out crowd of 4,714 saw Leigh versus Salford on 28 December 2008.

Leigh Sports Village was officially opened on Thursday 21 May 2009, by Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh.

Leigh Sports Village was included in the London 2012 Pre-Games Training Camp Guide. The facility was available for use by competing nations as a training camp before the London 2012 Olympic Games. Though officials negotiated with the Ukrainian Olympic team, no nation chose to base athletes at Leigh Sports Village.

On 27 July 2013, the stadium staged its first Rugby League Challenge Cup semi-final between Wigan and London Broncos.

On Tuesday 5 November, the stadium hosted the Rugby League World Cup 2013 Tonga versus Cook Islands tie, which was won by Tonga 22–16 in front of a then stadium record crowd of 10,544. This attendance was surpassed on Sunday 11 August when the semi-final of the Challenge Cup saw an attendance of 12,005 witness Castleford defeat Widnes 28–6.

On Saturday 21 June 2014, Sir Elton John and his band played in front of 17,000 fans in one of only three announced UK venues for his Follow the Yellow Brick Road Tour.

In October 2015, England took on France in a warm-up match before their end-of-year test series against New Zealand.

Internationals

Football
The stadium was one of the ten venues used to host matches at the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. It was used to host Group C matches, alongside Bramall Lane, and a quarter-final.

Rugby league
The Leigh Sports Village has hosted four England internationals, in addition to hosting a further five test matches not featuring England.

The first two non-England matches were part of the 2013 and 2017 Rugby League World Cup. The 2013 game was part of the competition proper and was an inter-group match between Tonga and Cook Islands on 5 November 2013. The game saw 10,554 in attendance, and Tonga won 22–16. The 2017 game was part of the qualifying stages. The match was between Italy and Russia on Friday 4 November 2016, with the winner securing the 14th and final berth in the tournament in Australasia. Four hundred and fifty people were in attendance as Italy took the final World Cup spot with a 76–0 hammering.

Leigh Sports Village also hosted three group games in the 2021 Rugby League World Cup, held in 2022.

Facilities
Facilities available at Leigh Sports Village include:
 A multi-use 12,000-capacity outdoor stadium with Desso GrassMaster pitch and under-pitch heating
 Four hospitality suites and 22 corporate boxes
 Leigh Indoor Sports Centre – A gymnasium, nine-court sports hall and  six-lane swimming pool
 A 400-metre running track with a  covered sprinting facility and clubhouse
 Multi-use floodlit 3rd-generation artificial and grass pitches
 Sports pavilion

Site users and tenants

The site is operated by Leigh Sports Village Company on behalf of Wigan Council – owners of the stadium, athletic stadium and clubhouse, swimming pool and sports centre, rugby league clubhouse and 3G pitches. Wigan Leisure and Culture Trust operate Leigh Indoor Sports Centre. Along with the general public, use of artificial and grass pitches, sports hall, gymnasium and swimming pool, the Leigh Sports Village site has several long-term tenants.
 Leigh Leopards rugby league club are tenants at the stadium.
 Leigh Harriers Athletic Club are tenants of the athletics facilities.
Kro Hotels are the owners and operators of the Holiday Inn Express hotel, sold in 2014 by previous owners Park Inn.
 Leigh Athletic Football Club. Plays all their home games at the Leigh Harriers
 Manchester United Reserves play most home games there as of the 2014–15 season.
Manchester United W.F.C. play most of their home games at the LSV.

See also
Murder of Lisa Hession, event that occurred only a few hundred meters/yards from the site of the stadium

References

External links

Leigh Sports Village website
The Official Website of Sports Village Church
Leigh Dojo
 Leigh Harriers Athletics Club
 Leigh Athletic FC
 Johnson Training

Rugby league stadiums in England
Multi-purpose stadiums in the United Kingdom
Rugby League World Cup stadiums
Sport in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
Buildings and structures in Leigh, Greater Manchester
Sports venues in Greater Manchester
Football venues in England
Women's Super League venues
Sports venues completed in 2008
Leigh Leopards
Manchester United F.C.
Manchester United W.F.C.
UEFA Women's Euro 2022 stadiums

Leigh Sports Village


Albert Eckhout (c.1610–1665) was a Dutch portrait and still life painter. Eckhout, the son of Albert Eckhourt and Marryen Roeleffs, was born in Groningen, but his training as an artist and early career are unknown. A majority of the works attributed to him are unsigned. He was among the first European artists to paint scenes from the New World. He was in the entourage of the Dutch governor-general of Brazil, Johan Maurits, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, who took him and fellow painter Frans Post to Dutch Brazil to have them record the country's landscape, inhabitants, flora and fauna. Eckhout is also famous for his still-life paintings of Brazilian fruits and vegetables. His paintings were intended for decoration in a domestic context.

Work

Eckhout focused on the people, plants and animals of the region when arriving in Dutch Brazil. He painted eight life-size ethnographic representations of Brazil's inhabitants, twelve still lifes, and a large piece of dancing indigenous people. These ethnographic works, done between 1641 and 1643 for Maurits, were subsequently gifted to Maurits's cousin, King Frederick III of Denmark, and they remain in Copenhagen to this day. His work is said to be the first realistic images of the Tupi and Tapuya tribes of the native population of Brazil. Alexander von Humboldt saw the paintings in 1827, as did Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II in 1876, both of whom praised the works enthusiastically.

Tapuyas

When painting the Tapuya, his goal was to be as accurate as possible by including various plants in the background, as well as indigenous animals and reptiles in the foreground. One of his ethnographic works is a calmly composed Tupuyan woman, who holds a human hand and has a human leg in her basket, which reflects the European stereotype that indigenous Americans practiced cannibalism. Eckhout's image of the Tapuya woman echoes another of his paintings, The Tapuya Dance, representing a dance performed by eight Tapuya Indians with their characteristic mushroom hair style, spear-throwers (atlatls) and war-clubs, depicting a spectacular a war dance ceremony. These pictures were accordance with the stereotypical mental image Europeans had of indigenous Brazilians.

Africans

Eckhout's paintings of the African man and women speak a multi-layered language of trade, gift giving, and political alliance to their contemporary audiences, Maurits and his court. These paintings are related to the area of Africa where the Dutch had conquered the greatest number of commercial contacts during the seventeenth century, Guinea and Angola. During this time, Dutch West India Company troops had established forts in these two areas of the West African Coast because the Dutch needed a reliable source of black Africans for enslaved labor on their Brazilian sugar plantations.

His painting of the black woman has the figure standing against the coast with palms, and a papaya tree. Amerindians are depicted fishing along the shoreline, and ships are on the horizon. In the image, the woman wears a hat with peacock feathers and a small white clay pipe that is tucked into the sash at her waist. The nude boy on her side is most likely  her son, though the child's skin tone is several shades lighter than the woman's skin color. The white pearl double ropes and red coral beads that curve around her neck expose her breasts. This image's emphasis on sexuality, fecundity, and prosperity is reinforced by her cornucopia-like basket, which overflows with tropical fruit. When looking at Eckhout's image of the black man, the man's strength and virility are highlighted by his muscular appearance and the phallic form of the palm tree at his left. The man holds a ceremonial sword that is decorated with a large pink shell. At the bottom of his feet are shells laid out with an elephant's tusk on the ground, curving out of the picture plane to the right. This man's only piece of clothing, similar to the image of the African woman, is a piece of a blue and white striped cloth wrapped around his waist.

Mulattos/Mulacken

By the sixteenth century, the term mulatto, also referred as mulacken, was used in Portugal, Spain, and their colonial possessions to classify various people, often slaves and those of mixed racial background, on the basis of the color of their skin.

In Eckhout's image of the mulatto man, his weapons are visible as he stands in a three-quarter pose facing the viewer. Eckhout placed the man in a coastal setting against a cloudy grey sky with three European ships that are visible on the horizon. The man stands on the sandy ground, framed by a tall sugar cane field to the right and a large papaya tree to the left. His skin is a light brown color which is much lighter than Eckhout's paintings of indigenous Americans and Africans. The uncontrollable halo of frizzy, dark-brown hair grows out of his head with his light brown eyes staring out to the viewer in a confident manner.

Mameluca

The term mameluco is one that is used very little in Brazil, but like mulatto, mameluco can be traced back to Portuguese sources in the sixteenth century, following their establishment of a colonial outpost in Brazil. The first representation of a mameluco is in de Bry's version of Hans Staden's description of Brazil.

In Eckhout's painting of the mameluca woman, he presents a half-Brazilian and half-European woman holding a basket. Eckhout's depiction shows a woman in a flowing white dress balancing a basket of flowers in one hand. Her other hand is lifting her dress to reveal a small portion of her leg. This painting has many aspects that were characteristics of Eckhout's other paintings from his time in Brazil. The two guinea pigs at the woman's feet show his interest in the natural life of Brazil. In addition, the flowers she is carrying and the plant life around her were Eckhout's way of representing the fertility of Brazil, drawing attention to the successful production of crops there.

In the painting, the woman stands with a direct glance and a playful expression as she engages the viewer's eyes. The lips are slightly turned up at the ends assuming that she will soon break into a more fuller inviting smile. She is fully bejeweled, with necklace and matching earrings. The jewels are complemented by her small green hat, that is decorated with pearls and a sprig of orange tree blossoms. Her simple but yet, slightly rumpled, white dress is a wonderful companion to this finery, although its plainness is relieved on the shoulders by epaulettes of embroidery. This image of the mameluca refers to the fertility of the colony and even to the highly intoxicating cashew fruit wine that is made every year by the ethnic group of the mameluca mother, Tupinamba.

Exhibition
In 2002, through a major restoration campaign, all of the well known paintings by Eckhout, have been allowed to travel back to Brazil. This is the first time they were exhibited in the country where they were made since the early 1640s. The title of the exhibition was Albert Eckhourt volta ao Brasil 1644-2002 (Albert Eckhout Returns to Brazil). The show was presented at the Instituto Ricardo Brennand in Recife, a building that had been newly erected in the city where Maurits lived during the height of his career. Eight of the still life's in this exhibition were meant to be seen from a low viewpoint and were intended to be hung above the men and women. Though at this time no exhibition curator has ever thought of hanging the paintings as a decorative ensemble.

Gallery

See also
Colonial Brazil
Dutch Brazil
Dutch Golden Age painting
Frans Post
Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen

References

Further reading

Alpers, Svetlana. "The Art of Describing Albert Eckhout" in Albert Eckhout volta ao Brasil / Returns to Brazil: 1644-2002. Simposio Internacional de Especialistas / International Experts Symposium. São Paulo: Donigraph 2002, 355-8.
Berlowicz, Barbara. Albert Eckhout volta ao Brasil / Returns to Brazil (1644-2002). Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet 2002.
Boogaart, Ernse van den. "The Population of the Brazilian Plantation Colony depicted by Albert Eckhout, 1641-1643" in Barbara Berlowicz, ed. Albert Eckhout volta ao Brasil / Returns to Brazil (1644-2002). Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet 2002, 117-31.
Buvelot, Quentin, ed. Albert Eckhout: A Dutch Artist in Brazil. Zwolle: Waanders 2004.
Dutra, Francis A. "Albert Eckhout" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996, vol. 2, pp. 430–431.
 Joppien, R., "The Dutch Vision of Brazil: Johan Maurits and his Artists," in Johan Marutis van Nassau-Siegen, 1604-1679, edited by E. van den Boogart (1979)
Parker Brienen, Rebecca. Visions of savage Paradise: Albert Eckhout, Court Painter in Colonial Dutch Brazil. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press 2006.
__, Albert Eckhout: Visões do Paraíso selvagem -- Obra Completa. Rio de Janeiro: Editoria Capivara 2010.
Prado Valladares, Clarival do and Luiz Emgydio de Millo Filho, Albert Eckhout: Pintor de Mauricio no Brasil, 1637-1644. (1981)
Thomsen, Thomas. Albert Eckhout, ein niederländischer Maler und sein Gönner Johan Maurits der Brasilianer: Ein Kulturbild aus dem 17 Jahrhundert. Copenhagen: Levin and Munksgaard 1938.
Prins, Harald E.L. 2010.  "The Atlatl as Combat Weapon in 17th-Century Amazonia: Tapuya Indian Warriors in Dutch Colonial Brazil." The Atlatl, Vol.23 (2):1-3.
Whitehead, Peter J.P. and Marinus Boesman, A Portrait of Dutch 17th century Brazil: Animals, Plants, and People by the Artists of Johan Maurits of Nassau. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing 1989.

External links

Eckhout on the site of the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen
Esther Schreuder - art historian

1610 births
1665 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Painters from Groningen
People from Dutch Brazil

Albert Eckhout