August Vandekerkhove (15 October 1838 Kanegem – 24 March 1923 Mâcon) was a Belgian writer, playwright, poet, painter and inventor. He wrote under the pseudonym S.U. Zanne. Vandekerkhove started a movement he called Cosmosofie (Cosmosophy). He said that Cosmosophy was the opposite of Theosophy. When he was young he wrote a novel and three plays. His literary work was inspired by ethics and psychology. Later he moved to Scotland, the USA and France.

In France he wrote works on kabala, esotericism and the occult. He was one of the first writers talking about subjects like feminism and the Age of Aquarius. Each year on Palm Sunday at 5 PM, at the cemetery of Flacé in Mâcon in France, people come together to remember him.

Publications

In Dutch language

Novel
 Een zomerlief (A Summer Love), (1864)

Plays
 Een eerlijk man (A Honest Man), (1870) - Reprinted in Dutch in the USA
 De vrouwenhater (The woman's hater) (1865)
 Freule Laura's laatste liefde (Lady Laura's Last Love)

In French language

Private editions for his disciples at less than 30 copies
 Doctrine Secrète, principes et éléments d'astrologie, 554 pages, (1900)
 L'Asataruth du Pfar-Isis, (1900) - Reprinted in French in Italy (2004)
 Principes et éléments Cosmosophie, (1899-1906)

Public editions
 Vingt-quatre cours introductoires-préparatoires aux principes et éléments de Cosmosophie, (1909)
 Principes et éléments d'Education Cosmosophique, (1924)
 Occultisme occidental et ésotérisme oriental, (1927)
 Principes et éléments de la Langue Sacrée selon l'Astro-Kabbale d'Al Chami, (1929)
 L'Atlantide,(1931)
 Lettres des Pays de l'Au-Delà, (1933)

1838 births
1923 deaths
Belgian painters
Belgian poets
Belgian playwrights
Feminists
Occultists
People from West Flanders

August Vandekerkhove


Chelsea Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. Created by head writer Sally Sussman Morina, the role was originally played by Mandy Musgrave. The role was recast with  Rachel Melvin in 2005. Melvin portrayed the character from 2005 to 2009, after the character moves to London to take care of her mother, Billie Reed. She is the child of Bo Brady and Billie Reed. Chelsea is born by the name of Georgia Reed Brady. "Georgia" is presumed dead, and buried in a bayou in Louisiana. In 2005 after Chelsea Benson's parents are killed in a car accident, DNA tests show that she is Georgia Reed Brady.

Melvin reprised the role on September 7, 2023, as part of a memorial episode dedicated to John Aniston's Victor Kiriakis.

Storylines
Chelsea Brady is born onscreen as Georgia Reed Brady on May 22, 1998, in Louisiana.  Chelsea is the long-lost daughter of Billie Reed and Bo Brady, who is initially buried in the bayou as Georgia Reed Brady in May 1998. The truth comes out when Chelsea's illegally adoptive parents are killed in a car accident and blood tests reveal her true lineage. Billie immediately steps in to care for Chelsea. In 2006, Chelsea changes her last name to Brady, her biological father's last name.

As Abigail Deveraux's best friend, Chelsea is a bad influence. She encourages Abby to smoke, drink, and lie often to her mother. She also has a few driving incidents, including having her license revoked. Of course, the most serious accident results in the death of Zack Brady — her half-brother, whom she hits while she is text messaging and driving simultaneously, thus incurring the wrath of Hope Brady and half-brother Shawn Brady.

Chelsea is involved with Max Brady, who keeps Chelsea's secret about accidentally killing Zack. Chelsea is also obsessed with older men including Patrick Lockhart, who is conveniently staying at Abby's house. Seeing Billie Reed as her biggest competition, Chelsea hates her, that is, until she learned that Billie is actually her mother.

After all the bad things Chelsea does, she desperately wants to change. While serving her community service at the hospital, a gloved hand leaves a file for Chelsea to discover. The file says that Claire Brady is not her cousin, the daughter of Philip Kiriakis, but actually her half-niece, Shawn's daughter. Thinking she is doing the right thing, Chelsea leaves the file in Shawn's cubicle for him to find while he lies unconscious from alcohol poisoning. She feels letting him know he is Claire's father will give him a reason to live.

Belle and Shawn discover the file when he wakes up and they think the file is fraudulent because they do not remember sleeping together. The file is dusted for fingerprints and it is discovered that, apart from Shawn and Belle, Chelsea's are the only other fingerprints on the file. Bo arrests Chelsea, and Max blows up when he finds out, immediately dumping her. Bo decides that the only way to prove that Chelsea is guilty is to run the DNA test on Shawn to see if he is Claire's biological father. The tests come back positive and, in this turn of events, the charges are dropped.

Chelsea then goes on a quest to get Bo and Billie back together, and consults the help of her grandmother, Kate Roberts, who encourages Chelsea to be driven and go after what she wants. The stress of losing their child has torn apart Bo and Hope and when Hope sends e-mails to Bo expressing her desire for a divorce, Chelsea intercepts the emails and writes back pretending to be Bo and agrees to the divorce even though Bo is trying to get back together with Hope. When her actions are discovered, Bo and Hope are completely enraged and Bo disown Chelsea. After many weeks of feeling guilty she talks to her father and with the support of her mother, Billie, she is able to gain back her father's trust and he welcomes her back into his life.

Chelsea is then involved with a mystery lover online by the name of Dr. Shane Patten. She tells him all her feelings and her deepest secrets thinking she can trust him. She even goes so far as to plan their future together. She gets so into him she wants all the details about him so she gets Abby's cousin, Nick Fallon, to find everything out for her. After giving up on Nick finding out information about Patten because Nick won't talk to her, Chelsea finally learns that Dr. Patten is really Nick all along and he is just trying to get her to like him. She is upset and hurt at Nick's actions and completely ends their friendship, saying she can never trust him again.

Things became even worse between the two when Chelsea finds out that Nick had slept with her mother when she was drunk and he is depressed over the loss of Chelsea's friendship. She refuses to even be in the same room as Nick and moves out of her mother's house and moves in with her father and stepmother. Her mother desperately tries to repair their relationship, but there still remains some tension between the two.

Chelsea finds even more problems when her father's house is set on fire. The fire is actually started by Willow Stark, a former prostitute and ex-girlfriend of Shawn Brady, who is hired by EJ DiMera to break into the house. The fire is started unintentionally and Willow places a hairbrush of Chelsea's in the house to try to frame her for the fire. Chelsea panics at what her father would think considering her past troubles and under the pretense of wanting to rebuild their relationship she convinces Nick, a DNA assistant, to steal the brush in order to keep her father from finding out. Nick feels extremely guilty over his actions and is not completely sure if she is telling the truth about the fire and visits Willow in jail (she is arrested for stealing Hope's jewelry) to try to figure out which version of the fire story is true. Willow steals the hairbrush from Nick, which results in Nick trying to get the hairbrush back. Willow dies struggling to get the hairbrush back from Nick. Afterwards, Chelsea admits to her father that she asked Nick to steal the hairbrush from the lab.

It is believed that Chelsea truly does have romantic feelings for Nick, but due to past relationships she has trouble trusting people and has found it hard to forgive Nick, but Nick has stated that he is determined to prove to Chelsea he loves her no matter what it takes together.  Chelsea and Nick bond after Chelsea is kidnapped on the campus of Salem University, with Max also stopping a bomb from going off that is strapped to her body in exchange for Atermis and DeMarquette.

Then, Chelsea goes on to help have Ford Decker arrested for the rape of her two good friends Cordy and Morgan. Chelsea is not aware that Stephanie was also raped by Ford and ignores Stephanie's pleas to let Ford be.

Chelsea and the girls create posters depicting Ford as a rapist and are threatened by him on several occasions, the latest being at the Brady Pub where Nick is forced to defend her.

In November, Chelsea and Nick break into Ford's dorm to obtain proof that he is indeed the campus rapist. They have pictures that are illegally obtained. Chelsea's father Bo and Stephanie's father Steve are forced to confront Ford. After being appalled by the university's unwillingness to do anything to Ford, the girls lure him into their sorority house where Chelsea pretends to be interested in him. The girls drug his drink but Ford switches the drinks and Chelsea ends up drugged. In a fight on the stairs, Ford falls backwards and dies. The girls, with the help of Max Brady, bury Ford in the basement of the house.

Chelsea's father Bo Brady is later admitted to the hospital for pancreatic issues. Chelsea is found to be a match and is scheduled for an experimental operation to graft some of her pancreas to save Bo. Bo's handsome and earth-friendly doctor, Dr. Daniel Jonas, (who is brought in by Victor Kiriakis) performs the surgery. He and Chelsea grew to become friends and their friendship turned into an attraction that went beyond "just friends". However Daniel fought it at first. He was older, she was his patient at one point, and he was still mourning his late wife, for which he blamed himself for her death. However, he decided follow his heart with Chelsea and they started dating. Unfortunately, the happiness did not last as Chelsea found out that Daniel had slept with her grandmother Kate before they started dating. Chelsea broke up with Daniel.

Kate Roberts, her grandmother, and Dr. Jonas become involved as he treats her for lung cancer.

Afterwards, she begins defending Nick Fallon, her "first love," who is charged with Trent Robbins murder, and growing closer to her old flame, Max Brady, whom she kissed at New years dinner at Chez Rouge, suggesting that they may get back together. Max and Chelsea spend a lot more time together and old feelings come back. They both realize that they are in love with each other and that they need to be together now. Chelsea also volunteers at the hospital, where she establishes a connection with Abe and Lexie's son, Theo.

Chelsea goes to England to be with her mom after Billie is involved in a car accident. She later returns to Salem and announces that she will be staying in London. She reunites with Max and they get engaged. They decide to leave Salem and move to London. She returns to Salem in 2023 for Victor Kiriakis' memorial, revealing she and Max have a son, Isaac.

References

Notes

External links
Chelsea at soapcentral.com

Days of Our Lives characters
Adoptee characters in television
Fictional Greek people in television
Fictional female murderers of children
American female characters in television
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead
Roberts family (Days of Our Lives)
Brady family (Days of Our Lives)
Kiriakis family

fi:Luettelo televisiosarjan Päivien viemää henkilöistä#Chelsea Brady

Chelsea Brady


Bradley International Airport  is a public international airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, United States. Owned and operated by the Connecticut Airport Authority (CAA), it is the second-largest airport in New England.

The airport is about halfway between Hartford, Connecticut, and Springfield, Massachusetts. It is the state of Connecticut's busiest commercial airport and the second-busiest airport in New England after Boston's Logan International Airport, with over 6.75 million passengers in 2019. The four largest carriers at Bradley International Airport are Southwest, Delta, JetBlue, and American with market shares of 29%, 19%, 15%, and 14%, respectively. As a dual-use military facility with the U.S. Air Force, the airport is home to the 103rd Airlift Wing (103 AW) of the Connecticut Air National Guard.

Bradley was originally branded as the "Gateway to New England" and is home to the New England Air Museum. In 2016, Bradley International launched its new brand, "Love the Journey". In 2019, Bradley was the 55th-busiest commercial airport in the United States, by passengers enplaned.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility.

The former discount department store chain Bradlees was named after the airport as many of the early planning meetings were held there.

History

20th century
Bradley has its origins in the 1940 acquisition of  of land in Windsor Locks by the state of Connecticut. In 1941, this land was turned over to the U.S. Army, as the country began its preparations for the impending war.

The airfield was named after 24-year-old Lt. Eugene M. Bradley of Antlers, Oklahoma, assigned to the 64th Pursuit Squadron, who died when his P-40 crashed during a dogfight training drill on August 21, 1941.

The airfield began civil use in 1947 as Bradley International Airport. Its first commercial flight was Eastern Air Lines Flight 624. International cargo operations at the airport also began that year. Bradley eventually replaced the older, smaller Hartford–Brainard Airport as Hartford's primary airport.

In 1948, the federal government deeded the Airport to the State of Connecticut for public and commercial use.

In 1950, Bradley International Airport exceeded the 100,000-passenger mark, handling 108,348 passengers.
In 1952, the Murphy Terminal opened. Later dubbed Terminal B, it was the oldest passenger terminal of any major airport in the U.S. when it closed in 2010.

The April 1957 OAG shows 39 weekday departures: 14 American, 14 Eastern, 9 United, and 2 Northeast. The first jets were United 720s to Cleveland in early 1961. Nonstops never reached west of Chicago or south of Washington until Eastern and Northeast began nonstops to Miami in 1967; nonstops to Los Angeles and Atlanta started in 1968.

In 1960, Bradley handled 500,238 passengers.

In 1971, the Murphy Terminal was expanded with an International Arrivals wing. This was followed by the installation of instrument landing systems on two runways in 1977.

In 1974, construction began on an experimental People Mover to move people between the terminal and a parking lot 7/10 of a mile away.  It was completed in December 1975.  The People Mover consisted of a 7' wide roadway and two 30' long cars.    It cost US$4.5 million to construct and was anticipated to cost $250,000 annually to operate. Due to the high operating cost and the fact that the parking lot it was connected to was not being used, the system was never put in service and was dismantled in 1984 to make room for a new terminal building. The retired vehicles from the system are now on display at the Connecticut Trolley Museum in East Windsor, Connecticut.

In 1979, the Windsor Locks tornado ripped through the eastern portions of the airport. The New England Air Museum sustained some of the worst damage. It reopened in 1981.

The new Terminal A and Bradley Sheraton Hotel were completed in 1986. The Roncari cargo terminal was also built.

21st century

2001 saw the commencement of the Terminal Improvement Project to expand Terminal A with a new concourse, construct a new International Arrivals Building and centralize passenger screening. The airport expansion was part of a larger project to enhance the reputation of the Hartford metropolitan area as a destination for business and vacation travel. The new East Concourse, designed by HNTB, opened in September 2002.

In December 2002 a new International Arrivals Building opened west of Terminal B, housing the Federal Inspection Station with one jetway. Two government agencies support the facility; U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The FIS Terminal can process more than 300 passengers per hour from aircraft as large as a Boeing 747. This facility cost approximately $7.7 million, which included the building and site work, funded through the Bradley Improvement Fund. Currently the International Arrivals Building is utilized by Delta Air Lines and Frontier Airlines (Apple Vacations) for their seasonal service to Cancun, Mexico and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. All international arrivals except for those from airports with customs preclearance are processed through the IAB. International departures are handled from the existing terminal complex.

In July 2007, Northwest Airlines launched a route to Amsterdam using Boeing 757s. This was Hartford's first direct flight to Europe. Three months later, the Airbus A380 visited Bradley on its world tour, stopping in Hartford to showcase the aircraft to Connecticut workers for Pratt & Whitney and Hamilton Sundstrand, both divisions of United Technologies, which helped build the GP7000 TurboFan engines, which is an option to power the aircraft. Bradley Airport is one of only 68 airports worldwide large enough to accommodate the A380. No carriers provide regular A380 service to Bradley, but the airport occasionally is a diversion airfield for JFK-bound A380s.

Northwest Airlines terminated its service to Amsterdam in October 2008 because of the increased cost of jet fuel. In the same month, Embraer, an aerospace company based in Brazil, selected Bradley as its service center for the Northeastern United States. An $11 million project was begun with support from teams of the Connecticut Department of Transportation and Connecticut's Economic and Community Development. The center is intended to be a full maintenance and repair facility for its line of business jets and is expected to employ up to 60 aircraft technicians. The facility was temporarily closed ten months after opening due to economic conditions, reopening on February 28, 2011.

On October 21, 2015, Bradley announced renewed transatlantic service, partnering with Aer Lingus to bring daily flights between Bradley and Dublin. Service to Dublin began on September 28, 2016. On September 13, 2018, Governor Dannel P. Malloy announced that Aer Lingus service at Bradley International Airport will continue for at least four more years under a new agreement made with the state, committing the airline to continue its transatlantic service at the airport through September 2022. Aer Lingus committed to placing one of its first four A321LR aircraft on the Bradley to Dublin route, replacing the  Boeing 757-200 assigned to the route.

On February 17, 2022, Breeze Airways announced they would be establishing an operating base at Bradley International Airport. The announcement included the airline would begin service to an additional eight nonstop destinations from Bradley and create more than 200 new jobs. On March 8, 2022, they announced service to six new destinations, Akron/Canton, Jacksonville, Nashville, Richmond, Sarasota/Bradenton and Savannah all beginning in June 2022. On July 13, 2022, the $210 million Ground Transportation Center opened, hosting a consolidated rental car facility and 830 additional general-purpose parking spaces.

Facilities
Bradley International Airport covers 2,432 acres (984 ha) at an elevation of 173 feet (53 m). It has two asphalt runways: 6/24 is 9,510 by 200 feet (2,899 × 61 m); 15/33 is 6,847 by 150 feet (2,087 × 46 m).

In the year ending March 31, 2022 the airport had 82,837 aircraft operations, averaging 227 per day: 61% airline, 14% air taxi, 17% general aviation and 5% military. At that time, 64 aircraft were based at this airport: 33 jet, 22 military, 6 helicopter, 2 single-engine and 1 multi-engine.

Terminals

Current terminals
The airport has one terminal known as Terminal A with two concourses: East Concourse (Gates 1–12) and West Concourse (Gates 20–30).  The East Concourse has 12 gates and houses the following airlines:
Aer Lingus, Air Canada, Delta, Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, Sun Country.
The West Concourse has 11 gates and houses the following airlines: American, Breeze, Spirit, United.

The Customs Building that is used for arriving international flights has been dubbed Terminal B and consists of one passenger gate.

The third floor of Terminal A has the administrative offices of the Connecticut Airport Authority.

Former terminal

Former terminal B, also known as the Murphy Terminal, opened in 1952 and was closed to passenger use in 2010. It was slowly demolished starting in late 2015 and ending in early 2016. It housed the administrative offices of the CAA and TSA until its demolition.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Cargo

In addition to the regular cargo services described above, Bradley is occasionally visited by Antonov An-124 aircraft operated by Volga-Dnepr Airlines, and Antonov Airlines, transporting heavy cargo, such as Sikorsky helicopters or Pratt & Whitney engines, internationally.

Military operations
 Connecticut Air National Guard
 103d Airlift Wing (103 AW) "Flying Yankees"
 118th Airlift Squadron (118 AS): operates the C-130 Hercules.
 Connecticut Army National Guard
 169th Aviation Regiment, 104th Aviation Regiment, 142nd Aviation Regiment.
 UH-60 Blackhawk, CH-47 Chinook, C-12 Huron
 The Connecticut Wing Civil Air Patrol 103rd Composite Squadron (NER-CT-004) operates out of the airport.

Statistics

Enplaned passenger statistics

Top destinations

Airline market share

Future

Airport construction
On July 3, 2012, the Connecticut Department of Transportation released an Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation, detailing a proposal to replace the now-vacant Terminal B with updates and facilities intended to improve access and ease of use for Bradley travelers.
The replacement proposal calls for:
 Demolition of the Murphy Terminal and existing International Arrivals Building;
 Construction of a new Terminal B, with two concourses containing a total of 19 gates, two of which could accommodate international widebody aircraft;
 Inclusion of a new Federal Inspection Services facility within the new Terminal;
 Construction of a new Central Utility Plant;
 Relocation of the Terminal B arrival roadway and departure viaduct;
 Realignment of Schoephoester Road; and
 Construction of a new 7-level parking garage and consolidated car rental facility, adding 2,600 public parking spaces and 2,250 rental car spaces.
The proposal calls for a three-phase construction program:
 Demolition of the existing Terminal B, realignment of surface roads and construction of the new garage/rental car facility would occur during the initial phase. The initial phase is estimated to cost between $630 million and $650 million.
 Construction of part of Terminal B and its upper roadway would occur in a second phase. The original estimated completion date was 2018.
 Construction of the final segment of Terminal B and its upper roadway would occur in a third phase. The original estimated completion date was 2028.

Actual completion dates depend upon funding and demand. As of May 2018 the project had not left the planning stage.

Ground transportation

Rail
Amtrak and Hartford Line trains serve both the nearby  and  stations. , weekday service includes eleven southbound trains and twelve northbound trains at Windsor Locks.

Bus

CT Transit provides bus transportation to and from Bradley International Airport through two routes. Route 24 (Windsor-Bradley Int'l Airport-Windsor Locks) connects the airport with the Windsor Locks and Windsor train stations while Route 30x (Bradley Flyer) provides express service to Downtown Hartford.

Environment
The Connecticut Air National Guard 103d Airlift Wing leases  in the southwest corner of the airport for their Bradley ANG Base. The base is a designated Superfund site.

Bradley has also been identified as one of the last remaining tracts of grassland in Connecticut suitable for a few endangered species of birds, including the upland sandpiper, the horned lark, and the grasshopper sparrow.

Awards
In 2017, Bradley Airport was named 5th-best airport in the United States by Condé Nast Traveler's Reader's Choice Awards. Bradley scored well with readers in the categories of on-site parking, availability of charging stations and free Wi-Fi, decent restaurant options, and overall relaxed atmosphere.

In 2018, Bradley Airport was named 3rd-best airport in the United States by Condé Nast Travelers Reader's Choice Awards. Bradley scored well with readers in the categories of flight choices, on-site parking, availability of charging stations and free Wi-Fi, restaurant options, and overall relaxed atmosphere.

In 2022, BDL airport was named 2nd-best airport in the United States by Condé Nast Traveler's Reader's Choice Awards. Only Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport kept Bradley Airport out of the top spot.

Accidents and incidents
 On March 4, 1953, a Slick Airways Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando N4717N on a cargo flight from New York-Idlewild Field crashed. Bradley was experiencing light rain and a low ceiling at the time of the incident. After being cleared to land on Runway 06, the pilot reported problems intercepting the localizer, and continued to circle down to get under the weather. The plane struck trees approximately  southwest of the airport, killing the crew of two.
 On January 15, 1959, a USAF Douglas DC-4 impacted a wooded hillside in fog without the use of a compass during approach, the pilot survived, the co-pilot and mechanic were killed.
 On July 16, 1971, a Douglas C-47B N74844 of New England Propeller Service crashed on approach. The aircraft was on a ferry flight to Beverly Municipal Airport, Massachusetts, when an engine lost power shortly after take-off due to water in the fuel. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was attempting to return to Bradley Airport. All three occupants survived.
 On June 4, 1984, a Learjet 23 operated by Air Continental crashed on approach to runway 33 due to asymmetric retraction of the spoilers, two crew and one passenger were killed.
 On May 3, 1991, a Ryan International (wet-leased by Emery Worldwide) Boeing 727-100QC, N425EX, caught fire during take-off. The take-off was aborted and the three crew members escaped while the aircraft was destroyed by the fire. The fire was determined to have started in the number 3 engine. It was determined that the 9th stage HP compressor had ruptured.
 On November 12, 1995, American Airlines Flight 1572 crashed while trying to land at Bradley. The plane, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83, was substantially damaged when it impacted trees while on approach to runway 15 at Bradley International Airport. The airplane also impacted an instrument landing system antenna as it landed short of the runway on grassy, even terrain. The cause of the accident was determined to be the pilot's failure to reset the altimeter, however, severe weather may have played a factor. One of the 78 passengers and five crew on board were injured.
 On January 21, 1998, a Continental Express ATR-42, N15827, had an emergency during roll on landing. During the landing roll, a fire erupted in the right engine. The airplane was stopped on the runway, the engines were shut down and the occupants evacuated. The fire handles for both engines were pulled and both fire bottles on the right engine discharged. However, the fire in the right engine continued to burn. The airport fire services attended shortly afterward and extinguished the fire.
 On October 2, 2019, a vintage Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress owned by the Collings Foundation carrying three crew and ten passengers crashed into deicing tanks and a shed while attempting an emergency landing and caught fire. Seven deaths and seven injuries were reported including one person injured on the ground. Witnesses reported that an engine failed upon takeoff and then the aircraft circled back at low altitude.

See also

 Connecticut World War II Army Airfields
Hartford–Brainard Airport (HFD)
 FlightSimCon
 Tweed New Haven Airport (HVN)
 Westover Metropolitan Airport (CEF)
Previously marketed by defunct Skybus Airlines as "Hartford (Chicopee, MA)"
 Yankee Terminal Radar Approach Control (Y90)

References

External links
 Bradley International Airport (official site)
 Connecticut Airport Authority (official site)

 Terminal Procedures for BDL

Windsor Locks, Connecticut
Connecticut Airport Authority
Airports in Hartford County, Connecticut
1940 establishments in Connecticut
Airports established in 1940

Bradley International Airport


Universal Kids(formerly known as Sprout until it rebranded and Uniersal Sprout in between 2005 and 2013) is an American children's television channel owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming division of NBCUniversal, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Comcast.

The channel launched on September 26, 2005, as Universal Sprout, a preschool-oriented channel jointly operated by Universal Studios, Comcast, Sesame Workshop, and HIT Entertainment, as an offshoot of the Universal brand. After the acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast in 2011, the company began to buy out the remaining owners' shares in the network. NBCUniversal became the sole owner of the network in 2013, after which it was renamed Sprout. Under NBCUniversal ownership, the channel increased its investments into original programming.

In 2017, the network relaunched as Universal Kids, adding an evening and primetime lineup targeting a wider youth audience—including DreamWorks Animation content, non-scripted programming (including game shows, and youth spin-offs of reality series from its NBCUniversal sister networks, such as American Ninja Warrior and Top Chef), and acquired teen dramas. The channel continues to devote its daytime lineup to preschool programming.

Amid declines in viewership in comparison to Sprout, Universal Kids ended its development of new original programming in 2019, with the channel now relying primarily on acquisitions and DreamWorks Animation content (drawn primarily from the series they had originally produced for Netflix), and some of its remaining first-run programming moving to NBCUniversal's streaming service Peacock instead.

As of September 2018, the channel is available to about 56.240 million households in the United States.

History

As Universal Sprout/Sprout (2005–2017)

Development and launch

On October 20, 2004, Universal Studios announced that it had entered into a partnership with cable provider Comcast and production companies HIT Entertainment and Sesame Workshop to launch a 24-hour cable network aimed at preschool children. Created to "strengthen the competitive positions" of all of the parties, PBS Vice-President of digital ventures Deron Triff noted that the content would be "consistent with Universal's values" and "meet certain curricular objectives and have been tested for educational efficacy." On April 4, 2005, Comcast announced that the network would be known as Universal Sprout—a spin-off from PBS's children's programming brand Universal. The service would soft launch as a branded video on-demand (VOD) service. Universal Sprout launched its 24-hour cable channel on September 26, 2005, with a reach of around 16 million viewers across the Comcast and Insight cable systems.

The multi-platform approach was designed to appeal to different viewing habits; the Sprout channel featured dayparted programming blocks, with hosted segments such as activities, features, and promotions for supplemental content on Sprout's website. To increase the variety of its schedule, Sprout did not repackage short-form series into half-hour episodes with interstitial segments, as had usually been the case for series imported for U.S. broadcast. The channel only carried advertising between programs, which were aimed towards parents and caregivers.

A high-definition simulcast launched in September 2010.

Acquisition by Comcast/NBCUniversal
Comcast acquired a 51% majority stake in NBC Universal from General Electric in January 2011, and would assume full ownership of the company in 2013. As a result, Comcast's interest in Sprout was turned over to the company. Apax Partners sold HIT Entertainment to Mattel on October 24, 2011; the sale did not include HIT's stake in Sprout, which was retained by Apax.On July 7, 2012, Sprout began to produce educational programming blocks for NBC and Telemundo, branded as "NBC Kids" and "MiTelemundo" respectively. The blocks both replaced Qubo (a previous joint venture between NBCUniversal, Ion Media, Corus Entertainment, Scholastic, and Classic Media), which had been airing on NBC and Telemundo since September 2006.

In December 2012, Sesame Workshop sold its interest in Sprout to Comcast. On March 19, 2013, Comcast acquired the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal it did not already own, and concurrently acquired Apax's stake in Sprout. Comcast then acquired PBS's share in Sprout on November 13, 2013, giving it full ownership. As a result, the network's operations were brought under the NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment Group, and the "PBS Kids" branding was removed (thus officially shortening its name to "Sprout"). Its operations were later moved from Philadelphia to NBCUniversal's facilities in New York City.

Under NBCUniversal ownership, Sprout began to increase its investments in original programming to better compete with Disney Junior and the Nick Jr. Channel, with a goal to double its original series output to at least 30% of its schedule by the end of 2015, and displace older and non-exclusive library content in favor of original series and acquisitions exclusive to the channel. Sprout programs such as The Chica Show also earned increased visibility airing on NBC as part of the NBC Kids block.

On September 26, 2015, Sprout underwent a brand refresh to mark the tenth anniversary of its launch, with new on-air imaging inspired by modern technology and mobile devices, a new tiny house-inspired studio at 30 Rockefeller Plaza for its hosted morning block The Sunny Side Up Show, as well as the premiere of Nina's World—an original animated series spun off from its evening block The Good Night Show. Actress Alyssa Milano began to make appearances in interstitial segments as Sprout's "Mom-bassador", with a particular focus on the channel's public service campaign "Kindness Counts".

The network's head Sandy Wax stated that Sprout also planned to experiment with more half-hour programs, and commission programming with more "complex stories" that can appeal better to older preschool audiences.

As Universal Kids (2017–present)

In August 2016, NBCUniversal acquired DreamWorks Animation. Deirdre Brennan, formerly of Canadian media company Corus Entertainment, was named the new president of Sprout in January 2017, replacing the outgoing Sandy Wax.

On May 1, 2017, NBCUniversal announced that it would be relaunching Sprout on September 9, 2017, as Universal Kids; the relaunched network aimed to be "an umbrella brand for [NBCUniversal's] family offerings", and would include primetime programming targeting a wider youth and pre-teen audience, while still carrying preschool programming as a block under the Sprout branding from 3 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET daily. Brennan explained that Sprout needed to "grow up with the rest of the family", and that Universal Kids would "[offer] something to 2 to 12 year olds that has a slightly different purpose—widening their eyes, opening their minds and celebrating many aspects of being a kid."

The network would launch with a slate of original non-scripted series, including Bear Grylls: Survival School and Top Chef Junior. NBCUniversal intended to make "significant" investments in original content for Universal Kids over the next three years, including original scripted programming. The launch lineup included a large number of international acquisitions, particularly from the U.K., Australia, and Canada (such as The Next Step and Nowhere Boys); Brennan acknowledged that since youth audiences had become "globally aware", the network wanted to showcase foreign series that had not yet aired in the United States. Universal Kids would also feature programing produced by Canadian studio DHX Media for Family Channeland its sister networks, as well as co-produce series with the company (such as the sitcom Bajillionaires); DHX had recently entered into a programming agreement with DreamWorks Animation for its networks.

DreamWorks would be leveraged by Universal Kids to bolster its programming, with linear television premieres of DreamWorks' Netflix series such as All Hail King Julien and Dragons: Riders of Berk as part of its launch lineup. Industry observers felt that the integration of DreamWorks IP with Universal Kids would help NBCUniversal establish a viable multi-platform competitor to other major children's networks. The network planned to continue investing in preschool programming for the Sprout block; Brennan stated of Sprout that "the greatest thing is, there is nothing to fix there. Sprout is a beautiful brand. If anything, we want to invest more in original production. There is more we can explore there."

Universal Kids saw a significant decrease in viewership in comparison to its previous incarnation as Sprout, with IndieWire reporting a 30% decline in 2017, followed by a 73% drop in 2018. Brennan was replaced by Frances Berwick as network president in February 2019. In April of that year, Universal Kids unveiled a new logo and branding designed by the design agency Kill 2 Birds. On June 19, it was reported that Universal Kids had ceased the development of original programming, and had laid off its development staff or transferred them to other NBCUniversal properties. Thereafter, the channel would rely primarily on DreamWorks content, acquisitions, and its remaining slate of original programming. Some Universal Kids original series, such as American Ninja Warrior Junior and Where's Waldo?, moved to NBCUniversal's new streaming service Peacock.

Based on numbers from Nielsen, Variety ranked Universal Kids as the 132nd most-watched broadcast or cable network in the United States in 2021, ranking ahead of only Discovery Familia and BabyFirst in terms of children's channels on the list. It fell further to 139th place in 2022.

Programming
See List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids

Currently, the network's most prominent scheduling pattern is marathon 'best-of volume' blocks of one program featuring individual segments aired continuously for 1–3 hours rather than a traditional block of consecutive episodes, emulating the model of the official YouTube channels for prevailing children's series, which either feature a continuous live stream of the series, or an uploaded video several hours in length containing multiple episodes. Traditional marathons of episodes are also scheduled. The scheduling model began in the summer of 2020.

Previously, original programs produced for the network included the Top Chef spin-off Top Chef Junior, the game shows Beat the Clock and The Noise, the bedroom redecoration show Get Out of My Room, and American Ninja Warrior Junior. The channel also airs several series produced by DreamWorks Animation (some of which were originally produced for the streaming service Netflix) and has acquired and co-produced programs with international partners. In 2021, the network acquired exclusive television rights to carry content from the popular YouTube channel Cocomelon.

Preschool programming
Prior to the Universal Kids launch, Sprout continued to premiere new series such as Kody Kapow, joining a slate that was included Dot, Nina's World, and DreamWorks-produced Noddy, Toyland Detective. New acquisitions such as Masha and the Bear would premiere on the Sprout block alongside the relaunch.

On August 14, 2017, Sprout replaced its long-running morning block Sunny Side Up with Sprout House (renamed Snug's House in 2018), which is presented by Carly Ciarrocchi and the new character Snug, a talking dog portrayed by puppeteer Chris Palmieri, through 90-second segments throughout the block. The program was designed to be more flexible to produce than its predecessor, with a different "tiny house" set with additional areas and camera options. Unlike Sunny Side Up, the segments are pre-recorded instead of broadcast live; supervising producer Vinny Steves felt that the live format was too "limiting", and explained that the new format was also designed to enable the segments to be distributed on digital platforms such as social media. With the launch of Sprout House, the network began to downplay its longtime mascot, Chica, although she was still featured in certain segments (such as Chica at School) until 2020, when it along with the Sprout House / Snug's House segments were removed from Universal Kids' lineup. However, the channel did briefly air reruns of The Chica Show (a former Sprout original show in which Chica starred in), on May 20, 2019, along with Moon and Me and Mofy, but all of these series stopped airing in that same year and 2021 respectively. However, the former aforementioned show reaired on the network on December 24 and 25, 2022, until it stopped airing on the channel once again, thus putting an end to the network's longtime chicken mascot altogether, and also removing the last vestige of Sprout.

After December 31, 2022, Masha and the Bear left Universal Kids due to Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it was replaced by Polly Pocket on January 1, 2023.

International
Further information: DreamWorks Channel § Versions, and Sky Kids (TV channel)

As of September 2018, Universal Kids is available to about 56.240 million households in the United States. Universal Kids operates two feeds nationally, one for the east coast and a times delay one for the west coast. DreamWorks Channel serves as the this network's worldwide equivalent and Sky Kids for the United Kingdom through Comcast's Sky division.

See also
 Peacock, where some Universal Kids content is hosted.
 DreamWorksTV

References

External links

American television networks
2005 establishments in the United States

Universal Kids


Fringe genes are important in the workings of the notch signaling pathway.

In Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) the fringe gene (fng) was identified as part of the notch mechanism by Dr. Kenneth Irvine at the Waksman Institute at Rutgers. Later based on similarity, the manic fringe (MFNG), the radical fringe (RFNG) and lunatic fringe (LFNG) genes were identified in mammals.

Fringe genes encode O-fucose specific β-1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcT) glycosyltransferases.

The gene products of radical fringe stimulate the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in limb-bud formation.

The mouse and human Fringe family members map to three different chromosomes:
Mfng maps to mouse Chr 15 and to human Chr 22.
Lfng maps to mouse Chr 5 and human Chr 7.
Rfng maps to mouse Chr 11 and human Chr 17.

References

Animal genes

Fringe gene


Herobear and the Kid is a monthly comic book.  It won the Eisner Award for "Best Title for Younger Readers/Best Comics Publication for a Younger Audience" in both 2002 and 2003. Volume One consisted of six issues which were then collected in one softcover volume as well as a limited edition hardcover volume.

A second series, Herobear and the Kid: Saving Time, was published in 2014 to positive reviews.

Plot summary
Tyler's life is changed when he inherits a toy bear and a broken pocket watch.

See also
Alternative comics

References

Eisner Award winners

Herobear and the Kid


Eric J. Bina (born October 1964) is an American software programmer who is the co-creator of Mosaic and the co-founder of Netscape. In 1993, Bina along with Marc Andreessen authored the first version of Mosaic while working as a programmer at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Bina attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, graduating from there with a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science in 1986 and a master's degree in 1988. He joined NCSA in 1991 as a programmer. There, Bina and Andreessen started working on Mosaic in December 1992 and had a working version by March 1993. Mosaic was posted to the Internet and is famed as the first killer application that popularized the Internet. He is one of the five inaugural inductees to the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the first international conference on the World Wide Web in 1994.

In 1995, Bina and Andreessen were awarded the ACM Software System Award.

In 2010, Bina and Andreessen were inducted into the University of Illinois Engineering Hall of Fame.

References

Sources
Inventor of the Week Archive

1964 births
Living people
American computer programmers
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Internet pioneers
Netscape people
American technology company founders
20th-century American businesspeople

Eric Bina


At the foot of the Wurmberg is the Brockenweg Ski Jump (). This has two training jumps (K 7 and K 15), two artificial jumps (K 40 and K 58) and the derelict winter jump (K 70). The Braunlage Winter Sports Club (WSV Braunlage) hosts regional and international ski jumping here. All the jumps apart from K 70 are laid with mats.

Ski jump records

Wurmberg Ski Jump

Near the summit of the Wurmberg is the Wurmberg Ski Jump which is a K90 and hosts the Continental Cup organised by FIS.

Ski jumping venues in Germany
Braunlage
Sports venues in Lower Saxony

Brockenweg Ski Jumps


GOGOLFEST () is an annual multidisciplinary international festival of contemporary art and cinema in Kyiv, Ukraine, dedicated to the famous writer Mykola Gogol. The festival showcases theater, music, film, literature, and visual art.

Background

GOGOLFEST was founded in 2007 on the private initiative of Vladislav Troitsky, director and producer of the DAKh Center for Contemporary Art. The co-founder of the Festival and Chairman of its Board of Trustees is Evgeni Utkin, a prominent Ukrainian IT entrepreneur. Ukrainian-Russian writer Nikolai Gogol is the festival's namesake.

In accordance with contemporary trends, the festival is held in venues unaccommodated for traditional art. The festival emphasizes five types of art: theater, music, film, literature, and visual art. There is also a history of collaboration between artistic mediums at the festival; for instance, audiovisual presentations are especially common, as well as collaborations with scientists. (For example, engineers from Lithuania's Cyland Laboratory have taken part in exhibits.) The festival is generally held in September. For example, the dates for Gogolfest 2013 were September 13 to 22, 2013.

Gogolfest often focuses on short films, though full-length films have also been featured at the festival. The films featured are often international in scope and experimental in subject matter. Previous examples of film series have included "The Long Night of German Shorts," a selection of critically acclaimed films from Germany. Theater also has a significant place in the events of Gogolfest, as well as a role in the ongoing re-invention of Ukrainian theater. Troitskiy, in an interview, described Gogolfest as seeking to extract Ukrainian theater from the tradition of Russian theater, so it can "stand on its own." Indeed, the festival has consistently had specially Ukrainian theater showcases. The festival is, however, committed to artistic diversity and has also produced the plays of Russian, Italian, Spanish, Swiss and Hungarian theatres. Some of the works shown at Gogolfest include "Gloria" a theatrical performance by Ukrainian director Alla Fedoryshyna, which used traditional Ukrainian folk music on the background, and depicted scenes from regular life in Ukraine: birth, marriage and death.

The festival has often included readings from contemporary authors. The festival has also included events to allow patrons access to publishing house representatives. For example, a lecture was given at Gogolfest 2013 by Ukrainian publishing house "Dukh I Litera." "Dukh i Litera" has published more than 300 books. Most significant were editions of various foreign writers, among others Paul Riceour, Hanna Arendt, Michel de Montaigne, Blaise Pascal, Sergey Averintsev, Charles Taylor, Reinhart Koselleck, Elie Wiesel, as well as Ukrainian authors Ivan Dzyuba, Mykhaylyna Kotsyubyns'ka, Viktor Malakhov, Maryna Novikova, Myron Petrovs'kyi, Vadym Skurativs'kyi, among others.

Gogolfest has a long tradition of visual art. Indeed, the founder of the festival Vladislav Troitsky is Director and Head of the Dakh Contemporary Arts Center, one of the foremost arts exhibition organizations in Kyiv. This tradition likewise includes street art. Examples include street artist duo Roti and Kislow's mural, created explicitly for the festival.

History

Venues

The festival uses venues unaccommodated for traditional art. Before 2010, most of its events took place in Kyiv at the Mystetskyi Arsenal Museum - a renovated 18th century fortified arsenal building. The event was held in the Artistic Arsenal in 2007, 2009, and 2010. The Artistic Arsenal was conceived of as the largest and most widespread exhibition venue and museum in Kyiv. This is the official website's statement on the future and expansion of the venue: "Mystetskyi Arsenal is already negotiating with the leading museums of Ukraine and the world in order to exhibit collections of art masterpieces in Ukraine, among them a big project on the heritage of Kazimir Malevich, international projects on contemporary art, exhibitions of works by Frida Kahlo, Edward Munch, Gustav Klimt, masters of the Austrian Secession, and Surrealist artists."

In 2010, the festival moved to Dovzhenko Film Studios – named for the Ukrainian director Oleksander Dovzhenko. In 2012, 2013 and 2014, the venue was at the "Artcluster Vydubychi",(formerly the Kyiv Experimental Mechanical Plant), in the Vydubychi industrial area, near the Vydubychi Metro in Kyiv.

References

External links
 Official Festival website

Music festivals in Ukraine
Culture in Kyiv
Autumn events in Ukraine
Annual events in Ukraine
Art festivals in Ukraine
Festivals established in 2007
Film festivals in Ukraine

Gogolfest


Ted Kershner (born May 27, 1938) is a former American football player and coach.  He served as the head coach at Glassboro State College (now called Rowan University), an NCAA Division III program in Glassboro, New Jersey. He was the fourth all-time coach for the Profs and compiled a 35–34 record in seven seasons. In 1983, the Profs were New Jersey State Athletic Conference co-champions with Trenton State College. Kershner coached Rowan football for 20 years as an assistant and head coach. He also taught at Rowan.

He attended Ursinus College, from which he graduated in 1960 with a bachelor's degree in physical education. He played quarterback and defensive back for four years at Ursinus. Kershner earned a master's degree from Temple University in 1966.

He currently resides in Woodstown.

Head coaching record

References

1938 births
Living people
Rowan Profs football coaches
Ursinus Bears football players
Rowan University faculty
Temple University alumni

Ted Kershner


Handle with Care is a 1922 American silent comedy film directed by Phil Rosen. It stars Grace Darmond, Harry Myers, and James Morrison, and was released on January 22, 1922.

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Jeanne Lee (Darmond) has been wooed by five young men. She finally makes up her mind and marries one of them, David Norris (Stevens). Everything goes well until David, engrossed in his business, becomes neglectful and gets mixed up on the date of his wedding anniversary. Jeanne is indignant and intimates that a divorce is the only solution. David consents to this on the condition that she persuade one of her former suitors to elope with her while he proves that he is really worthy of her. She tries one suitor after the other, but meets with failure. The first has become infatuated with another young woman and is consequently disinterested in eloping with Jeanne. The second one proves his unworthiness when he agrees to accept $10,000 from David to not elope with his wife. The third one, who had one declared that he was ready to die for her, suddenly has a change of heart when confronted with the opportunity to do so. By this time, the young wife has become convinced that it is her husband that she loves after all. The fourth suitor demands that Jeanne elope with him, but she has had enough. This convinces her husband that she learned her lesson through his careful handling. It turns out that the proffer of the last suitor was a frame-up and that he has actually married Marian (Miller), a ward of David's. Together the two couples leave on a tour of foreign lands.

Cast list
 Grace Darmond as Jeanne Lee
 Harry Myers as Ned Picard
 James Morrison as Phil Burnham
 Landers Stevens as David Norris
 William Austin as Peter Carter
 William Courtleigh as MacCullough
 Patsy Ruth Miller as Marian

References

External links

Films directed by Phil Rosen
1922 comedy films
1922 films
Silent American comedy films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Associated Exhibitors films
1920s American films

Handle with Care (1922 film)


1636: Commander Cantrell in the West Indies is a novel in the 1632 series written by Eric Flint and Charles E. Gannon and published on June 3, 2014.

The story follows the adventures of Eddie Cantrell, a supporting character in 1633 and 1634: The Baltic War. Eddie is married to the daughter of the Danish King and is sent to America to set up a colony and to explore for oil in the Gulf of Mexico while defending against the Spanish and even pirates.

Literary significance and reception
Eric S. Raymond called the book "a solid installment in the ongoing series". The reviewer for SFRevu wrote that "This is a pretty standard Ring of Fire novel. Fans of the series will find a lot to enjoy here, even though it isn't advancing the main story line."  However, he still finds the story interesting and looks forward to the continuation of this storyline. Mark Lardas of the Galveston Daily News gave a positive review. One reviewer for the Midwest Book Review called the book "an enjoyable thriller that provides readers with plenty of operational military maneuvers at sea and in Trinidad, and understanding of strategic concerns though the latter sometimes turns boring due TMI detail" while another reviewer for the same publication called it "an engrossing alternate history read highly recommended for fan of the genre". A reviewer for another publication wrote, "He [Flint] and Gannon write an intriguing tale filled with what-ifs that never strain the reader's ability to believe this might occur. Although unfamiliar with the backstory and characters, I had no trouble following the various story threads, and the book begins with a short overview to set the stage."

References

External links

1632 series books
2014 American novels
American science fiction novels
American alternate history novels
Baen Books books
Books by Eric Flint
Collaborative novels
Fiction set in 1636
Novels set in the 1630s


The polonaise is one of the fifth national Polish dance. It started as a folk dance and then became popular among the Polish nobility.  It is in 3/4 time.  It follows a distinctive rhythm as illustrated above. Many polonaises are composed in what is called ternary form, or song form, or minuet and trio. These forms all follow an A-B-A pattern. The music of the A sections is similar in both sections, if not exactly identical. The B section is entirely different. It provides contrast in some way to the A sections.  In the courts of the aristocracy musicians would often play a polonaise from the gallery while the people danced below in the reception hall.

Polish culture was very popular and greatly influenced European dance and music as well as Europeam ballrooms. Polonaise was introduced to France in the 16th century.   Composers started to write polonaises for the piano.  Pieces called Polonaise had already been composed by Bach, Handel, François Couperin and others, but it was Frédéric Chopin who in the 19th century wrote several Polonaises for piano which became famous.  Most of them are very difficult to play, especially the famous Polonaise in A flat, Op. 53. Polonaise is the French word of the dance meaning the Polish woman/girl, Polish adjective feminine, the original Polish name is Chodzony meaning "the walking dance", or Wielki meaning "grand/great"

Several Russian and other international composers wrote polonaises to give a Polish atmosphere, e.g. Tchaikovsky in his ballets The Sleeping Beauty and in his opera Eugene Onegin .

Musical forms
Ballroom dances

Polonaise


The BMW M1 (model code E26) is a mid-engined sports car produced by German automotive manufacturer BMW from 1978 until 1981.

In the late 1970s, Italian automobile manufacturer Lamborghini entered into an agreement with BMW to build a production racing car in sufficient quantity for homologation, but conflicts arose that prompted BMW to produce the car themselves.  The resulting car was sold to the public, from 1978 until 1981, as the BMW M1.

It is the first mid-engine BMW automobile to be mass-produced; the second is the i8 plug-in hybrid sports car.

Overview

Development history

The motorsport division of BMW, headed by Jochen Neerpasch, had been wanting to compete in motorsports using a car developed for competition racing, in order to compete with arch rival Porsche in Group-5 racing. Thus, the development of the M1 was initiated. Neerpasch, who was head of the development program, stressed that the car was to be strictly mid-engine in order to outclass its competitors. As BMW wasn't able to build 400 road-going examples of the car in the required time period as stipulated by the rules, the company partnered with Lamborghini to work out the details of the car's chassis, assemble prototypes and manufacture the vehicles. The tubular steel space frame chassis was the work of Gianpaolo Dallara, but soon Lamborghini's financial position and the possibility of the car's production by the Italian manufacturer became bleak, and BMW reassumed control over the project in April 1978, after seven prototypes were built. The delay in production and the changes in Group 5 rules forced the company to compete in Group 4 racing with the car.

The M1 coupé was hand-built between 1978 and 1981 under the motorsport division of BMW, as a homologation special for sports car racing. The fibreglass body was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro, taking inspiration from the 1972 BMW Turbo concept car. Since the engineering of the car was still incomplete, a group of former Lamborghini engineers had founded a company named Italengineering, which offered to complete the car's design. Less than 10 miles away from the Lamborghini shop, the engineering for the M1 was finished.

Engine and transmission

The BMW M1 is the first car to be solely developed by BMW M and employs a  M88/1 petrol six-cylinder engine with Kugelfischer-Bosch mechanical fuel injection and Magneti-Marelli ignition system. The engine was developed by Paul Rosche, who was also responsible for the S14 inline-4 engine and the S70/2 V12 engine. A version of this engine was later used in the South African version of the 745i, of which 209 examples were built between 1984 and 1986, as well as the E24 M6/M635CSi and E28 M5. The engine has six separate throttle bodies, twin-cams, 4 valves per cylinder, and generates a power output of  at 6,500 rpm and  of torque at 5,000 rpm in the road version, giving the car a top speed of . The engine was mated to a 5-speed manual transmission made by ZF Friedrichshafen equipped with a 40% locking limited slip differential.

Steering, suspension and brakes
The M1 has an unassisted rack and pinion steering, double-wishbone suspension system with adjustable coil springs and Bilstein gas filled dampers. The road car had softer suspension bushings to have better ride quality and tractability.

The ventilated brakes of the car measured  at the front and  at the rear and were constructed from steel. The M1 used special Campagnolo alloy wheels measuring 7x16-inches at the front and 8x16-inches at the rear fitted with Pirelli P7 tyres (having sizes of 205/55 VR15 at the front and 225/50 VR15s at the rear).

Interior

The M1 has a half-leather and half-cloth interior. Its motorsport roots meant that the car had a basic interior layout with many parts sourced from other BMW models. The interior had amenities such as air conditioning, power windows and a stereo but had unadjustable seats and only had a left-hand-drive configuration.

Production
The fibre glass body of the M1 was manufactured by Italian firm TIR (Trattamento Italiano Resina) which was located in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The chassis was manufactured by a Modenese firm, Marchesi. The body of the car was completed by Italdesign at their manufacturing facility located in Turin along with the interior.

The partly finished cars were then delivered to
German specialist manufacturer Baur where final assembly took place by hand. The hand-built M88/1 engines were supplied by BMW from Munich to be installed in the cars. The completed cars were shipped to BMW Motorsport in Munich for final inspection and delivery. Only 453 production cars were built, making it one of BMW's rarest models. Out of the 453, 399 were road going units while 53 were made for motorsport.

Accolades

The M1 had various successes in motorsports. In 2004, Sports Car International placed the car at number ten on their list of top sports cars of the 1970s.

Motorsport

In 1979 the head of BMW Motorsport, Jochen Neerpasch, devised a one-make championship using racing modified M1s. The series was created to aid BMW in building enough cars to enter the group 4 classification in the World Championship for Makes. The new series, known as the "Procar BMW M1 Championship", served as a support series for Formula One, and included many Formula One drivers in identical cars.

The series ran for two years, with Niki Lauda winning the 1979 season, and Nelson Piquet the 1980 season. After BMW met the standards for group 4, the Procars were used by various teams in the world championship as well as other national series.

The M1 was also campaigned at the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1981 to 1986 where it proved competitive. The car was classified as a Group B car for Le Mans purposes, as Group B was also planned for GT class for road races, but were instead eclipsed by Group C prototypes.

A M1 Pro Car was also converted to Group B rally spec by BMW France for the 1982 season. The car was campaigned for the 1983 season as well before the car was entered solely by the Motul privateer racing team for the 1984 season. The 1984 season proved to be the most successful for the M1 as former ERC champion Bernard Béguin won back-to-back at Rallye de La Baule and Rallye de Lorraine that season, and even claimed an outright ERC podium at Rally d'Antibes four months later. The car was not campaigned further after 1984.

Commemorative cars and spiritual successor

M1 Homage concept

In April 2008, BMW unveiled the M1 Homage concept, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the M1. The concept vehicle uses a mid-engine layout that borrows styling cues from both the original M1 and the BMW Turbo show car.

The M1 Homage concept was first shown to the public at the  of 2008. The design was penned by BMW's in-house design team, inspired by both the original M1 and the BMW Turbo concept designed by Paul Bracq. The BMW Turbo had many technical and advanced innovations from BMW that were part of the inspiration of the M1 Homage concept. The front of the car differs the most from the other parts of the car. The front sports double head lights which are not the same as pop-up type that are on the original M1, but the usual trademark of the kidney grilles is present. The M1 Homage also incorporates the double badge on the back of the car like the original M1. There are no photos of the interior of the car or of the car in action, nor have the specifications of the car been released as the car was meant only to be a design exercise.

Vision EfficientDynamics concept and the BMW i8

After the M1, BMW designed some mid engined concept cars but none of them inspired a production car until 2013, when the Vision EfficientDynamics concept led to the production of the i8. The BMW i8 is based on the Vision EfficientDynamics concept, which is a range-extender electric car with a three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine. The production car was designed by Benoit Jacob. Series production of customer vehicles began in April 2014. It is also the first mass-produced mid-engine BMW automobile since the M1.

Vision M Next concept
The Vision M Next is a plug-in hybrid concept sports car that was showcased in June 2019. The design is partially inspired from the M1, such as louvered rear windows and BMW roundels positioned inside the taillamps. It is powered by the Power PHEV drivetrain system that offers the choice between all-wheel-drive and rear-wheel-drive, with either all-electric propulsion or the power of a turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine. The total system output is claimed at . It also has a claimed 0 to  acceleration time of 3 seconds and top speed of . The maximum range when driving in all-electric mode is claimed to be .

March-BMW M1/C prototype

A highly modified version of the BMW M1, the March-BMW M1/C, also known as the BMW-March M1/C, or simply the March 81P, was an IMSA GTX/GTP sports prototype race car, designed, developed, and built by British constructor March Engineering, in collaboration with German manufacturer BMW, for sports car racing, in 1981.

References

M1
Cars introduced in 1978
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Italdesign vehicles
Coupés
Sports cars
Cars discontinued in 1981

BMW M1


La Mouette () is a French aircraft manufacturer headquartered in Fontaine-lès-Dijon. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of hang gliders, paragliders and ultralight trikes. At one time they also produced paramotors.

Founded in 1974 by brothers Gérard Thevenot and Jean-Marc Thevenot, the company was formed to produce versions of the American Seagull hang glider. Their glider was named La Mouette, after which the company was named. In 1979 they produced the La Mouette Atlas which remained in production through 2012 and of which there are over 8000 examples flying.

In 1986 the company started building paramotors and in 1995 introduced the "topless" hang glider, deleting the kingpost and upper flying wires.

In 2010-11 the company developed an electric aircraft, the Samson.

The company also built a rigid wing hang glider, the Tsunami and a powered parachute, the Skydancer under the brand Helite. Helite is today a company that specializes in air bag designs.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of France
Hang gliders
Companies based in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

La Mouette


Caravans is a 1978 Iranian-American adventure drama film directed by James Fargo based on the 1963 novel by James A. Michener. Nancy Voyles Crawford wrote the screenplay. This film represents people of Afghanistan and their tradition in Qandahar, Badakhshan cities in that time and the Kochi people of Afghanistan. The film was shot in Afghanistan and Iran and starred Anthony Quinn, Jennifer O'Neill, and Michael Sarrazin.

Plot
The story is set in the fictional Middle Eastern country of Zadestan in 1948. Mark Miller is stationed at the American Embassy in the fictional city of Kashkhan and is assigned to investigate the disappearance of a young woman, Ellen Jasper, the daughter of a United States senator, who vanished after her marriage to Colonel Nazrullah several months previously. Nazrullah is desperate to find her and becomes defensive when Miller asks about her. By law, Ellen has given up her rights as a US citizen by becoming his wife. Miller traces her to a band of nomads led by Zulffiqar who are illegal gun-runners. She doesn't want to leave, being estranged from both her parents and her husband. Miller doesn't want to return without proof she's alive and well, which she refuses to give. Nazrullah lures the gun-runners into a trap. He separates Miller from the nomads and asks his wife to return to him but she refuses. Ellen at last gives Miller a note for her family. As the nomads leave, Nazrullah orders his troops to fire on them and Ellen is killed trying to rescue a child. A heartbroken Nazrullah carries away the body of his dead wife.

Cast
Anthony Quinn as Zulffiqar
Michael Sarrazin as Mark Miller
Christopher Lee as Sardar Khan
Jennifer O'Neill as Ellen Jasper
Behrouz Vossoughi as Colonel Nazrullah
Joseph Cotten as Crandall
Barry Sullivan as Richardson
Jeremy Kemp as Dr. Smythe
Duncan Quinn as Moheb
Behrouz Gramian as Peasant Boy (Behrooz Gueramian)
Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz as Shakkur
Parviz Gharib-Afshar as Nur Mohammad
Fahimeh Amouzandeh as Mira
Mohammad Kahnemoui as Maftoon (Mohammad Taghi Kahnemoui)
Khosrow Tabatabai as Dancing Boy

Production
In the MGM Lionpower featurette in 1967 it was advertised as one of many coming attractions in development at the time. MGM later dropped out of the film's distribution. The film later was distributed by Universal.

Changes from the source novel
The film was not well received by James Michener as it strayed wildly from the plot of his book, even eradicating its main character, a Nazi war criminal on the run who falls in love with the female lead character. This omission and other story changes caused Michener to take legal action.

Music
Mike Batt wrote the score, which has been the most successful element of the film, the album remaining a bestseller for many years after the film's release. The main instrumental theme "Theme From Caravans" has been widely used in media, for example by East German ice-skating star Katarina Witt in her World Championship-winning routine. The vocal song "Caravan Song" was written by Mike Batt and sung by the British singer Barbara Dickson. It peaked at No. 41 in UK charts and was included on her album All for a Song.

Reception
Harold C. Schonberg of The New York Times panned the film as a "fake epic," adding. "It has a fabricated plot, based on the James Michener novel, it has bad acting, it has unbelievably inane dialogue, and it has every cliché in the books, including an ending with the caravan silhouetted against the sunset. Even so reliable an actor as Anthony Quinn looks idiotic; he displays his macho by grunts and muttering, and occasionally there is a peculiar look on his face that suggests what he really thinks of all this nonsense." Variety wrote, "The main trouble with 'Caravans' isn't the Iranians, it's Hollywood. Almost every fake moment in the film, and there are lots of them, has the touch of Hollywood laid on with a heavy coating. Take away the Americans, of course, and you wouldn't have such a slick film, but you might have a more honest one." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 stars out of 4 and wrote that it was "slow and obvious, and at the end rather pointless," but "if you're facing a slow Sunday afternoon with a lot of time before the roast is done, 'Caravans' could, in its own way, be fun." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1 star out of 4 and called it "a thoroughly laughable desert adventure" with the relationship between Quinn and O'Neill getting "short shrift" and the movie lacking "an action scene of any merit. Only at the very end is there a battle of sorts. But director James Fargo ... shoots these scenes in boring medium shots. They are as exciting as if they had been shot with models in a sandbox." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called the film "a stirring romantic epic on a grand scale marred by patches of truly terrible dialogue. As a result, despite all that this Universal release has going for it in the way of visual splendor and high adventure, it is likely to be entertaining only for the least discriminating (or most indulgent)." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote, "'Caravans' will be lucky if it's remembered as an expensive flop ... Ironically, the film's emptiness is magnified by the contrast between its drab, flimsy plot and vast, majestic landscapes. 'Caravans' is too inert to be salvaged by the photogenic advantages of impressive scenery." Tim Pulleine of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that "Ellen's twofold defection remains resolutely undramatised and the gun-running sub-plot is mainly demoted to a few cryptic reference to off-screen action. The movie thus becomes a tiresome exercise in anti-climax."

References

External links

English-language Iranian films
1978 films
Films set in the Middle East
Films set in Asia
Films set in 1948
Universal Pictures films
American adventure drama films
1970s Persian-language films
Films shot in Iran
Iranian multilingual films
American multilingual films
1970s adventure drama films
1978 multilingual films
1978 drama films
Iranian adventure films
Iranian drama films
Films directed by James Fargo
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

Caravans (film)


The Ultra-Tories were an Anglican faction of British and Irish politics that appeared in the 1820s in opposition to Catholic emancipation. The faction was later called the "extreme right-wing" of British and Irish politics.

The Ultra-Tories faction broke away from the governing party in 1829 after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829. Many of those labelled Ultra-Tory rejected the label and saw themselves as upholders of the Whig Revolution settlement of 1689.

The Ultra-Tories were defending "a doctrine essentially similar to that which ministerial Whigs had held since the days of Burnet, Wake, Gibson and Potter".

History
A faction that was never formally organised, the Ultra-Tories were united in their antipathy towards  the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel for what they saw as a betrayal of Tory political and religious principle on the issue of Catholic emancipation. They took their opposition to Peel to the extent of successfully running Robert Inglis to defeat Peel when he resigned his Oxford University seat after his change of opinion in 1829. Although Peel was able to get back to Parliament via another parliamentary seat, this battle between Tory factions further embittered internal relations in the party.

The Ultra-Tory faction was informally led in the House of Commons by Member of Parliament Sir Edward Knatchbull and Sir Richard Vyvyan. In the House of Lords, they enjoyed the support of many ex-cabinet ministers and leading peers like the Duke of Cumberland, the Earl of Winchilsea and the Duke of Newcastle. Their general viewpoint could be described as extreme on the matter of defending the established Anglican ascendancy and barring Catholics from political office or influence. However, they were split on the issue of electoral reform and a large group came to a view that it could strengthen the appeal of pro-Protestantism.

The inability of the Tories to reunite led to losses in the 1830 general election following the death of King George IV. Combined also with the news of the July Revolution in France and a series of bad harvests in England which saw a great increase in political agitation, some Ultras returned to the party. However, there were sufficient Ultra-Tories left who were able to combine with the Whigs and the Canningite grouping, who had previously split from the main Tory party back in 1827–1828 over the issue of Catholic emancipation which they had supported, to defeat Wellington who finally resigned in November 1830.

This led to the creation of a government with Lord Grey as Prime Minister and the leading Canningites such as Lord Palmerston and Lord Melbourne. One leading Ultra-Tory, the Duke of Richmond, joined the Grey Cabinet and a few others appointed in more junior ministerial positions. However, the scope of the subsequent reforms proved too much for many of the pro-government Ultras who then moved back into opposition. Eventually, Richmond left the Whig led coalition and returned to the Tory party, or the Conservative Party as it was generally now known, after 1834.

Except for a few irreconcilables the vast bulk of the Ultra-Tories would eventually move over to the Conservatives, with some such as Knatchbull enjoying political office in Peel's first government in 1834. However, when the party split again in 1846 over the issue of abolishing the Corn Laws, the remaining Ultra-Tories quickly rallied to the protectionist banner and helped to vote Peel out from office once again, this time for good.

The Ultra-Tories were civilian politicians. In practice, they had the overwhelming support of the Anglican clergy and bishops, many of whom came under severe verbal attack in their home parishes and dioceses for opposition to the Reform Act of 1832.

Legacy
J. C. D. Clark depicts England before 1828 as a nation in which the vast majority of the people believed in the divine right of kings, the legitimacy of a hereditary nobility and in the rights and privileges of the Anglican Church. In Clark's interpretation, the system remained virtually intact until it suddenly collapsed in 1828 because Catholic emancipation undermined Anglican supremacy which was its central symbolic prop.  Clark argues that the consequences were enormous: "The shattering of a whole social order [...]. What was lost at that point [...] was not merely a constitutional arrangement, but the intellectual ascendancy of a worldview, the cultural hegemony of the old elite". Clark's interpretation has been widely debated in the scholarly literature and almost every single historian who has examined the issue has highlighted the substantial amount of continuity between the periods before and after 1828–1832.

Eric J. Evans emphasizes that the political importance of Catholic emancipation in 1829 was that it split the anti-reformers beyond repair and diminished their ability to block future reform laws, especially the great Reform Act of 1832. Paradoxically, Wellington's success in forcing through emancipation converted many Ultra-Tories to demand reform of Parliament. They saw that the votes of the rotten boroughs had given the government its majority. Therefore, it was the Ultra-Tory the Marquess of Blandford who in February 1830 introduced the first major reform bill, calling for the transfer of rotten borough seats to the counties and large towns, the disfranchisement of non-resident voters, preventing Crown office-holders from sitting in Parliament, the payment of a salary to MPs and the general franchise for men who owned property. Such ultras believed that somewhat more open elections would be relied upon to oppose Catholic equality.

See also
 Fourth Party
 Hughligans

Notes

Further reading
 Gaunt, R. A. (2003). "The Fourth Duke of Newcastle, The Ultra-Tories and the Opposition to Canning's Administration". History. 88 (4): 568–586. .
 Jaggard, Edwin (2014). "Lord Falmouth and the Parallel Political Worlds of Ultra-Toryism, 1826–1832". Parliamentary History. 33 (2): 300–320. .

1820s establishments in the United Kingdom
1830s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Anglican organizations
Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom
History of the Conservative Party (UK)
Political parties disestablished in the 1830s
Political parties established in the 1820s
Political party factions in the United Kingdom
Protestant political parties
Right-wing parties in the United Kingdom
Anti-Catholic organizations
Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom

Ultra-Tories


5'-Guanidinonaltrindole (5'-GNTI) is an opioid antagonist used in scientific research which is highly selective for the κ opioid receptor. It is 5x more potent and 500 times more selective than the commonly used κ-opioid antagonist norbinaltorphimine. It has a slow onset and long duration of action, and produces antidepressant effects in animal studies. It also increases allodynia by interfering with the action of the κ-opioid peptide dynorphin.

In addition to activity at the KOR, 5'-GNTI has been found to act as a positive allosteric modulator of the α1A-adrenergic receptor (EC50 = 41 nM), and this may contribute to its "severe transient effects".

See also
 6'-Guanidinonaltrindole
 Binaltorphimine
 JDTic

References

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists
Guanidines
Indolomorphinans
Irreversible antagonists
Kappa-opioid receptor antagonists
Phenols
Semisynthetic opioids
Tertiary alcohols

5'-Guanidinonaltrindole


Constance Yu-Hwa Chung (born August 20, 1946) is an American journalist who has been a news anchor and reporter for the U.S. television news networks ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, and MSNBC. Some of her more famous interview subjects include Claus von Bülow and U.S. representative Gary Condit, whom Chung interviewed first after the Chandra Levy disappearance, and basketball legend Magic Johnson after he went public about being HIV-positive. In 1993, she became the second woman to co-anchor a network newscast as part of CBS Evening News.

Early life and education

The youngest of ten children, Chung was born in Washington, D.C., less than a year after her family emigrated from China and was raised in Washington, D.C. Her father, William Ling Chung, was an intelligence officer in the Chinese Nationalist Government and five of her siblings died during wartime. She was named after singer and actress Constance Moore.

In 1969, she graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park with a degree in journalism.

Career

Early career
Chung was a Washington, D.C.-based correspondent for the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite in the early 1970s during the Watergate political scandal. Chung left to anchor evening newscasts for KNXT, a CBS owned and operated station in Los Angeles (now KCBS-TV), with Joe Benti. The Los Angeles Times TV columnist said Chung "helped give Channel 2 an agreeable, respectable, middle-road identity". Chung also anchored CBS's primetime news updates (CBS Newsbreak) for West Coast stations from the KNXT studios at Columbia Square during her tenure there.

In early 2018, Chung was asked if she was sexually harassed in her career. She replied, "Oh, yeah! Oh, sure. Yeah. Every day. I mean, a lot. Especially when I started out". Later that year, following Christine Blasey Ford's testimony to the Senate Judiciary Committee of being sexually assaulted by Brett Kavanaugh, Chung wrote an open letter to Blasey-Ford saying that she too was sexually assaulted when she was in college by the doctor who delivered her.

NBC
In 1983, Chung returned to network news as anchor of NBC's new early program, NBC News at Sunrise, which was scheduled as the lead-in to the Today program. She was also anchor of the Saturday edition of NBC Nightly News and filled in for Tom Brokaw on weeknights. NBC also created two newsmagazines, American Almanac and 1986, which she co-hosted with Roger Mudd.

CBS
In 1989, Chung returned to CBS to host Saturday Night with Connie Chung (later renamed Face to Face with Connie Chung) (1989–90) and anchor CBS Sunday Evening News (1989–1993). On June 1, 1993, she became the second woman (after Barbara Walters with ABC in 1976) to co-anchor a major network's national weekday news broadcast. While hosting the CBS Evening News, Chung also hosted a side project on CBS, Eye to Eye with Connie Chung. After her co-anchoring duties with Dan Rather ended in 1995, Chung left CBS. She eventually jumped to ABC News, where she co-hosted the Monday edition of 20/20 with Charles Gibson and began independent interviews.

Kathleen Gingrich interview
In an January 5, 1995, interview by Chung on Eye to Eye with Kathleen Gingrich (mother of Republican politician Newt Gingrich), Mrs. Gingrich said she could not say what her son thought about First Lady Hillary Clinton on the air. Chung asked Mrs. Gingrich to "just whisper it to me, just between you and me"; Mrs. Gingrich's microphone volume was turned up as she replied, "He thinks she's a bitch". Many people interpreted Chung's suggestion to Mrs. Gingrich that she whisper her response as a promise that it would be off the record. Bill Carter for The New York Times reported, "Ms. Chung had become the object of some of the most ferocious criticism, justified or not, ever directed at any network anchor as a result of her now infamous interview with Speaker Newt Gingrich's mother, Kathleen".  The interview was parodied on Saturday Night Live.

Oklahoma City bombing interview
A few months later, in the wake of the April 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, Chung was widely criticized for sarcasm as she asked an Oklahoma City Fire Department spokesman, "Can the Oklahoma City Fire Department handle this?" Many Oklahomans felt the question was insensitive to the situation. A few women created "Bite Me, Connie Chung" shirts in response to the interview. Thousands of viewers in Oklahoma and elsewhere called and wrote letters of protest over the tone of the questions. Moreover, co-anchor Dan Rather was irate that Chung was sent from New York to the assignment while he was already in nearby Texas. Consequently, after public outcry, and Rather's complaints, Chung left the network after being removed as co-anchor of CBS Evening News.

ABC
In 1997, Chung moved to ABC News as a reporter on 20/20 and cohost of the Monday edition of the program alongside Charles Gibson. In 2001, she conducted an interview with Gary Condit on Primetime Thursday, focusing on his relationship with murdered Washington, D.C., intern Chandra Levy.

She was a guest host of the morning program Good Morning America. After short-lived host Lisa McRee left the program, Chung declined to take over on a permanent basis. She also was on ABC 2000 Today in Las Vegas.

CNN
Chung, for a short time, hosted her own show on CNN titled Connie Chung Tonight, for which she was paid $2 million per year. Though her arrival at CNN was heavily hyped by the network, her show was panned by critics. CNN changed her show from live to tape-delay to improve its continuity. Although it performed moderately well in the ratings (a 500,000 increase in viewers), her show was suspended once the 2003 Iraq War began. During the war, she was reduced to reading hourly headlines. Once CNN resumed regular programming, Chung requested that CNN resume broadcasting her show as soon as possible. The network responded by cancelling it, even though her contract had not yet expired. In an interview, CNN founder Ted Turner called the show "just awful".

Martina Navratilova interview
In July 2002, Chung interviewed tennis player Martina Navratilova, who at that time had been a naturalized U.S. citizen for more than 20 years, about her recent criticisms of the U.S. political system. Chung labeled these criticisms "un-American" and "unpatriotic" and suggested Navratilova should "go back to Czechoslovakia" (which had ceased to be a united nation nine years earlier) rather than use her celebrity status to gain a platform for her complaints. When Navratilova asked why it was unpatriotic to speak out, Chung replied, "Well, you know the old line, love it or leave it".

MSNBC
In January 2006, Chung and Maury Povich began hosting a show titled Weekends with Maury and Connie on MSNBC. It was Chung's first appearance as a television host since 2003. The show was canceled shortly thereafter; in its final episode that aired June 17, 2006, Chung—dressed in a white evening gown and dancing on top of a black piano—sang a parody to the tune of "Thanks for the Memory". Video clips of the off-key farewell performance circulated on internet video sites. Chung commented, "All I want to be sure of is that viewers understood it was a giant self-parody. If anyone took it seriously, they really need to get a life".

Interview style
Chung's interviews were largely gentle, but often they were punctuated by a rapid-fire barrage of sharp questions. Despite this, her interviews were still widely recognized as being softer than those of other interviewers, such as Barbara Walters or Mike Wallace. Consequently, her interviews were often used as a public relations move by those looking to overcome scandal or controversy. Some of her more famous interview subjects include Claus von Bülow and U.S. representative Gary Condit, whom Chung interviewed first after the Chandra Levy disappearance.

Teaching
Chung accepted a teaching fellowship at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. While at Harvard, she wrote a discussion paper titled The Business of Getting "The Get": Nailing an Exclusive Interview in Prime Time.

Personal life
Chung has been married to talk show host Maury Povich since 1984. They have one son, Matthew Jay Povich, whom they adopted on June 20, 1995.

Impact
In her early career, Chung was only the second woman and the first Asian to anchor a major nightly news program in the U.S. As such, for the growing number of new Chinese immigrants to the U.S. from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, she was a rare, nationally visible representative. Many of these immigrant families, wanting their daughters to achieve and succeed, named their girls Connie after the one woman on mainstream media who could be seen as a role model for them.

Career timeline
1976–1983: Evening news co-anchor at CBS-owned KNXT in Los Angeles
1983–1986: NBC News at Sunrise anchor
1983–1989: NBC Nightly News Saturday anchor
1989–1990: Saturday Night with Connie Chung/Face to Face with Connie Chung anchor
1989–1993: CBS Sunday Evening News anchor
1993–1995: CBS Evening News co-anchor (with Dan Rather)
1993–1995: Eye to Eye with Connie Chung anchor
1998–2000: 20/20 anchor
1999–2000: ABC 2000 Today correspondent
2002–2003: Connie Chung Tonight anchor
2006: Weekends with Maury and Connie anchor

See also
 Chinese Americans in New York City
 New Yorkers in journalism

Explanatory notes

References

External links

Maury Povich and Connie Chung Discuss Work and Family on Larry King Live
Lifetime's Intimate Portrait: Connie Chung
Mates: Maury and Connie – New York Magazine
"Countdown with Keith Olbermann" for June 22, 2006: Interview with Connie Chung after her farewell song
Connie Chung, The Business of Getting "The Get": Nailing an Exclusive Interview in Prime Time April, 1998. D-28.
Connie Chung  Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America

1946 births
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American women journalists
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American women journalists
60 Minutes correspondents
ABC News personalities
American journalists of Chinese descent
American television reporters and correspondents
American women journalists of Asian descent
American women television journalists
American women writers of Chinese descent
American writers of Taiwanese descent
CBS News people
CNN people
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
Living people
MSNBC people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
NBC News people
Mass media people from Bethesda, Maryland
Television anchors from Los Angeles
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
People from the Upper West Side

Connie Chung


Stephen Alonzo Cobb (June 17, 1833 – August 24, 1878) was a U.S. Representative from Kansas.

Born in Madison, Maine, Cobb attended the common schools.
He moved with his father to Minnesota in 1850, where Stephen found work in the lumber business. He studied languages and prepared for college. He entered Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, in 1854, where he was a student for two years. He was graduated from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1858. He settled in Wyandotte, Kansas, in 1859 and commenced the practice of law. He entered the Union Army in 1862. He became captain and commissary sergeant of Volunteers on May 18, 1864. Brevetted major August 16, 1865, and honorably discharged on September 23, 1865. He served as mayor of Wyandotte in 1862 and again in 1868. He served in the State senate in 1862, 1869, and 1870. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1872 and served as speaker.

Cobb was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress.
He died in Wyandotte (now a part of Kansas City), Kansas, August 24, 1878. He was interred in Oak Grove Cemetery, Kansas City, Kansas.

Notes

References

1833 births
1878 deaths
Speakers of the Kansas House of Representatives
Republican Party Kansas state senators
Union Army officers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kansas
19th-century American politicians
People from Madison, Maine
Brown University alumni

Stephen A. Cobb


The robust tuco-tuco (Ctenomys tuconax) is a species of rodent in the  family Ctenomyidae. It is a burrowing rodent and is endemic to the Tucumán Province of Argentina.

Description
The robust tuco-tuco is a large species of tuco-tuco and grows to a total length of about  including a tail of about . As is the case with other members of the genus, the eyes and ears are small, the fur is dense and the claws on the forefeet are large. The fur is brown and it has a blackish stripe running along its spine. The underparts are yellowish-brown and the tail pale brown. The feet are clad in sparse whitish hairs.

Its karyotype has 2n = 58-61 and FN = 80.

Distribution
This tuco-tuco is endemic to Tucumán Province in northwestern Argentina where it lives at altitudes of up to . Its exact range is unclear but there seem to be two separate populations. It inhabits damp plains, making its burrows in well-compacted, humus-rich or loamy soils.

Behaviour
Tuco-tucos get their common name from the calls they make, either issued from the entrance to the burrow or from underground. They have complex burrows with many tunnels and several food storage chambers as well as a nesting chamber. They are solitary creatures and feed on roots and grasses.

Status
The conservation status of C. tuconax is listed as "data deficient" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because the animal is poorly known. It is said to be common in the northern part of its range but is threatened by the destruction of its habitat for agricultural development. Its population trend is unknown, but it is recorded on the Argentine Red List as a "vulnerable species".

References

Tuco-tucos
Mammals of Argentina
Mammals of the Andes
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Mammals described in 1925
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas

Robust tuco-tuco


Surakul Stadium (; ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Phuket Province, Thailand.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium holds 15,000 and was built in 1959.

The stadium co-hosted the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup. The use of the Surakul Stadium for this tournament had to be hastily arranged. Stadiums in Bangkok were intended to be used but because of the airport takeovers in Bangkok by the PAD the AFF in consultation with the FAT decided to switch venues. Despite better stadiums being available in Nakhon Ratchasima (5th December Stadium); Chiang Mai (700th Anniversary Stadium) and Songkhla (Tinsulanon Stadium); the Surakul Stadium was chosen as all the teams could fly directly into Phuket.

The stadium also played host to the 2009 King's Cup which included a notorious game involving Thailand and Lebanon where the latter walked off the pitch during the game as they became incensed by what they saw as biased refereeing.

The stadium will be used by Phuket F.C. for the 2009 season in the newly formed Division 2 Southern Region of the Thailand Division 2 League.

The finals of the well-known Rugby tens, Phuket International Rugby 10's in June 2009 are also played there.

Stadium and locations

International football matches

Football venues in Thailand
Buildings and structures in Phuket province
Multi-purpose stadiums in Thailand
Sports venues completed in 1959
1959 establishments in Thailand

Surakul Stadium


Brassavola flagellaris is a species of epiphytic orchid of the Cattleya alliance. It grows wild in eastern Brazil (from Minas Gerais to Paraná), where it fills the evening air with the citrus-like fragrance of its blossoms.

Etymology
The specific epithet, flagellaris, refers to the elongated (whip-like) leaves. In Brazil, the common name is , meaning "whip".

Description
Brassavola flagellaris is a sympodial epiphyte (sometimes a lithophyte) with terete pseudobulbs, 6–30 cm long, each carrying a single elongated succulent leaf. The erect or pendulous inflorescence carries one to several flowers bearing long and narrow light-green sepals which closely resemble the lateral petals. The broad white lip closely encircles most of the light yellow-green column.

Members of this species grow readily under cultivation and are resistant to drought. They can be placed on slabs to allow their roots sufficient aeration.

References

External links

flagellaris
Epiphytic orchids
Endemic orchids of Brazil
Plants described in 1882

Brassavola flagellaris


In common usage, a butter knife may refer to any non-serrated table knife designed with a dull edge and rounded point; formal cutlery patterns make a distinction between such a place knife (or table knife) and a butter knife.  In this usage, a butter knife (or master butter knife) is a sharp-pointed, dull-edged knife, often with a sabre shape, used only to serve out pats of butter from a central butter dish to individual diners' plates. Master butter knives are not used to spread the butter onto bread: this would contaminate the butter remaining in the butter dish when the next pat of butter was served. Rather, diners at the breakfast, the luncheon, and the informal dinner table use an individual butter knife to apply butter to their bread. Individual butter knives have a round point, so as not to tear the bread, and are sometimes termed butter spreaders. If no butter spreaders are provided, a dinner knife may be used as an alternative.

See also
Cutlery
Table setting

References

Serving utensils
Kitchen knives
Butter

ja:ナイフ#テーブルナイフ

Butter knife