Cousin Angelica () is a 1974 Spanish drama film directed by  Carlos Saura.  Starring José Luis López Vázquez as a middle-aged man whose memories of his childhood during the Spanish Civil War make him reenact his past as the mature man he is today. The film was entered into the 1974 Cannes Film Festival and was highly controversial in Spain. It was also selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 47th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Plot
Luis, an unmarried, middle-aged, Barcelona businessman, carries out his mother's dying wish to be buried in the family crypt in Segovia. He has her bones exhumed from a pantheon in Barcelona and heads by car to the Castilian city. In the middle of a lonely road, he stops and gets out of the car, recalling the same landscape at a moment in his childhood when he was being brought up to spend part of his summer vacation with his maternal grandmother in Segovia during the fateful summer of 1936. He sees his parents before him, trying to soothe him after a bout of carsickness. Just days before they were to pick him up, a military uprising cut Segovia off from the Republican part of Spain and Luis found himself trapped in the menacing environment of his mother's Nationalist relatives for the duration of the war.

After this first remembrance of his carsickness, Luis continues his journey. Arriving in Segovia, he makes contact with his aunt Pilar and his cousin Angélica, his sweetheart during his Segovian captivity. Angélica is now married to Anselmo, a successful businessman, and has a daughter of her own, also named Angélica, who is just about the age her mother was when she and Luis were sweethearts. The reunion rekindles old memories for Luis.

In these remembrances, the past is not merely evoked, but reenacted with Luis literally entering a time warp. Characters Luis has met in the present appear to him playing the role of relatives he remembers thirty-six years earlier. The child Angélica of 1973, plays the role of her own mother, Luis's cousin Angelica, as he thinks he remembers her from 1936; Anselmo is imagined as Angélica's fascist father. When Luis recalls scenes from his childhood, he walks into them as the middle-aged man he is.

Luis and Angélica meet in the attic, where they discover Luis's old elementary school books and have a kiss in the rooftop, rekindling briefly their closeness.  Reading his old school books, he remembers when he was during the war in a religious school in which a little boy is killed by shards of flying glass.
The older Luis sits in his schoolroom listening to a priest tell a horror story about a little student, killed in an air raid, who may or may not be eternally damned depending on whether or not the boy had "given in to temptation" the morning he was killed. After his evocation of the school bombing, Luis has an emotional encounter with his cousin Angélica in which she speaks to him of her failed marriage. She intimates a reawakening of the affection she once had for Luis. However, this reinforces Luis's determination to leave Segovia finally. After saying goodbye to his adult relatives, he goes for a bike ride with Angélica's daughter, which triggers his memory of his thwarted escape with his cousin through Nationalist lines in an effort to rejoin his parents. They were promptly stopped by Falangist soldiers and forcedly returned to his uncle's house to be punished. His uncle whips him with a belt. In the next room, Angélica's mother is combing her hair; a tear rolls down one of her cheeks.

Cast
José Luis López Vázquez - Luis
Fernando Delgado	- Anselmo
Lina Canalejas	- Angélica
María Clara Fernández de Loaysa	- Angélica, child
Lola Cardona	.	- Aunt Pilar
Pedro Sempson	- Luis's Father
Julieta Serrano	- Aunt Nun
Encarna Paso		- Luis's mother
Josefina Díaz		- Old Aunt Pilar

Overview
The initial idea for the film came from a specific reference to a cousin Angélica, in a scene from Ana and the wolves (Spanish: Ana y los lobos), director Carlos Saura's previous work. In Ana and the wolves  there is an inconsequential bit of dialogue that occurs in the private conversation between the family matriarch and the title character. The old woman speaks of a certain cousin Angélica who, as a small child, coquettishly played with one of her sons. Building on that allusion, Saura and writer Rafael Azcona developed a script about the childhood memories of a man now in his mid forties and his flirtatious cousin, Angélica, on whom he had a crush when he was ten years old.  These memories become the lure for the protagonist's reencounter of his long suppressed past.

The film is told as a labyrinthine montage of recreated memories that surface in the waking consciousness of the vanquished past that the protagonist cannot bring himself to confront. The problem for Saura was how to integrate past and present in a coherent narrative. A character who will continuously and seamlessly move form one period of time to another without resorting to the habitual flashback, but rather showing a past which is constantly being recaptured and lived as a present. The idea for this came from a phrase from Ramón del Valle-Inclán : " Things are not as we see them, but as we remember them "

Saura described Luis, the main character in the film a someone who was profoundly touched by the Civil War. Personally, Saura explained, " I never agreed with the widespread idea that childhood years are the golden years of one's life – maybe because of my own experiences. On the contrary, it seems to me that childhood is a particular uncertain period because, among other reasons, one's childhood is lived almost entirely in an in-between world, and unfolds in a world of great fears and great needs of all kinds. And all of that leaves profound, indelible scars, particularly when one has to live in a hostile environment, like the main characters in the film.

The theme of interdicted history, the Spanish Civil War years as remembered by a child of Republican parents, Saura confronted the censors. The film's sense of liberation comes from its directness in depicting a number of scenes in which the Nationalist cause is either ridiculed or presented as inspired more by petty animosity than by patriotic or religious fervor.

Given its political subject matter, the first two versions of the script were rejected outright by the censors.  A third version was finally approved and, after some delays, the finished film was accepted for distribution without cuts.

Reception

Box office
The film eventually returned to a more or less normal distribution in Spain, although newspapers attacks and protests at screenings continued.  The Barcelona Theater where the film was having a successful run was firebombed in July 1974, and thereafter, domestic distribution of Cousin Angélica was suspended.  Though never officially banned, the film posed a risk to theater owners fearful of repetitions of the incidents that hampered the Madrid and Barcelona showings. The controversy in Spain only intensified the interest of foreign audiences.  Despite the climate of hostility that surrounded it, fueled by the notoriety of the scandal, La prima Angélica was Querejeta and Saura's first formidable box office success, grossing eighty million pesetas by the end of 1975.

Critical response
Upon release, the film confronted a violent press reaction from the Spanish Right; La prima Angélica was to enter the public consciousness in ways no other Spanish film had.  It was to cause a national furor as well, which surpassed in its scope and intensity any of the previous scandals surrounding Spanish film during the Franco years.  The Madrid opening was the occasion for violent audience reactions at a number of sessions. Newspapers reports of booing and shouting during the screening and of menacing protest in front of the theater only seemed to fan the flames of public controversy.  It was about this time that the film was selected to be shown in the Cannes Film Festival to represent Spain. In the middle of the Cannes film festival, news came that the Madrid run of La prima Angélica had been further marred when masked youths broke into the projection booth and stole two reels of the film.  This kind of notoriety created sympathy for the film at Cannes, yet the festival judges chose not to award Angélica any of the regular prizes. Instead, a special award was given to Saura. The Spanish conservative press attacked the award as part of a foreign conspiracy against Spain's honor by praising the detractors of the heroic struggle for National liberation.

The producer, Elías Querejeta, was pressured to make some cuts, in particular to a scene in which a character who  breaks his arm has it set in plaster in a fascist salute. Querejeta emphatically refused: "Legally, I am the only one who can cut the film and I refuse to delete even a single frame". The failure to persuade Querejeta to authorize cuts made the head of the information Ministry resign his post.

Awards and nominations
Cousin Angélica was selected to be shown in the 1974 Cannes Film Festival and won special award to Saura.

The film was also selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 47th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

DVD release
 La prima Angélica  is available in Region 2  DVD.  There is no Region 1 DVD available.

See also
 List of submissions to the 47th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Spanish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Notes

References
D'Lugo, Marvin, The Films of Carlos Saura, Princeton University Press, 1991,
Schwartz, Ronald, The Great Spanish Films: 1950 - 1990, Scarecrow Press, London, 1991,
Stone, Robe, Spanish Cinema, Pearson Education, 2002,
Willem, Linda M, Carlos Saura Interviews, University Press of Mississippi, 2003,

External links

1974 films
Spanish drama films
1970s Spanish-language films
1974 drama films
Spanish Civil War films
Films set in Spain
Films directed by Carlos Saura
Films produced by Elías Querejeta
Films with screenplays by Rafael Azcona
1970s Spanish films
Spanish-language drama films

La prima Angélica


Liao Zilan (; born c. 1970) is an international concert circuit performer on the guzheng (Chinese zither). She has performed at the Royal Albert Hall and Royal Festival Hall, and has toured internationally. She also participated at the WOMAD Recording Week in Bath, Somerset.

Liao began to learn the guzheng at the age of three, when she lived in Guangzhou (Canton), Guangdong, China. By the age of nine, she was winning prizes in China, including the prestigious National Youth Music Competition award. She left China with her family in 1983 for the United Kingdom, where she continued her music studies at the Chetham's School of Music in Manchester and at the Royal Academy of Music in London. In addition to the guzheng, she also specialises in the Western concert harp and Chinese traditional dance.

Apart from playing traditional music and works written by Chinese composers, Liao also has had composers outside China write music for her, which has widened her repertoire from classical to contemporary and electronic music. She has collaborated with Peter Gabriel and Nigel Kennedy, and worked with African, Indian and European musicians in the Elekoto Ensemble of Akin Euba. Her collaborative work with other world artists was released in 1995 on Real World Records's A Week or Two in the Real World various artists CD.

She has extensively collaborated with her husband, Jah Wobble. The piece Heaven And Earth was released on the CD with the same title by Island Records in November 1995. She has since contributed both as a musician and cover-art designer to several other of Jah Wobble's recordings, such as The Celtic Poets, The Inspiration of William Blake, Elevator Music 1A, Mu, and Alpha One Three. Chinese Dub, her 2008 project with Wobble, won the Songlines best cross-cultural collaboration album.She has also released in Europe and the United States notable solo work, such as her guzheng concertos The River, which she performed with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and The Five Tone Dragon. She also recorded music for the Oscar-winning film The Last Emperor. She has performed with the flutist Laura Falzon and premiered a work for flute and guzheng with her, composed by the Edward McGuire.

In 2002, Liao began to work with Welsh harpist Elinor Bennett. In 2008, the duo presented compositions for guzheng'' and harp by the Welsh composer Bill Connor at Liverpool University, as part of the Liverpool's European Capital of Culture 2008 programme.

Liao is the artistic director of Pagoda Arts in Liverpool, and teach the children of the Pagoda Chinese Youth Orchestra on various Chinese musical instruments. Since leading the orchestra in 2013, Liao lead the Orchestra performed at the Wales International Harp Festival, performed for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip during the IBF 2016.

She has also been a visiting teacher at Chetham's School of Music and King's College London.

References

External links

The Five Tone Dragon

Guzheng players
20th-century Chinese musicians
Chinese harpists
Chinese female dancers
Chinese dancers
Musicians from Guangzhou
1970s births
Living people
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
Place of birth missing (living people)
Artists from Guangzhou

Liao Zilan


The North British and Mercantile Insurance Company was a British-based company founded in 1809 in Edinburgh and absorbed as a subsidiary of Commercial Union in 1959. The company was also known as the North British Insurance Company, North British Fire Office and North British Fire Insurance Company.

History
The company was established after a meeting on 17 April 1809 at the Royal Exchange Coffee House, when a notice was placed in newspapers in Edinburgh announcing a proposal to found a fire insurance company called the North British Insurance Company. A contract of copartnery was issued on 19 October 1809 allowing a capital of £1 million and the new company commenced business on 11 November. In 1823 the company extended its business to include life insurance. The company, successfully trading and growing, was granted a royal charter on 6 February 1824, in the expectation that the permitted capital would be exceeded.

In 1862 the company merged with the Mercantile Fire Insurance Company and  changed its name to North British & Mercantile Insurance Company. From 1890 until 1996, the company had an arrangement with the Civil Service Insurance Society allowing society members to be insured by North British & Mercantile on special rates. In the 1860s, the company had opened businesses and agencies across the world, including the far east and Africa.

North British & Mercantile extended its business to include all marine risks in 1901. Later, through its subsidiaries, general insurance was added. The company's scope continued to grow and, by 1911, it was transacting fire, life, marine, accident, fine art, burglary and motor insurance. In May 1911, the company's burglary and contingency department was transferred to a subsidiary, the Railway Passengers Assurance Company.

It was incorporated as a limited company on 1 November 1920 and became a subsidiary of the Commercial Union Assurance Company Ltd in 1959. The company maintained head offices in Edinburgh until 1963 and in London until 1969 with a further office at College Green in Dublin. Since 30 June 2006 it has been registered as a non-trading company.

The company's name continues in a number of its former premises.

References

Bibliography

Financial services companies established in 1809
Insurance companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
1809 establishments in Scotland
British companies established in 1809
Companies based in Edinburgh
Aviva
1959 mergers and acquisitions

North British and Mercantile Insurance


Pandora's Clock (also known as Doomsday Virus) is a 1996 NBC miniseries based on a novel by John J. Nance about a deadly virus on a Boeing 747-200 from Frankfurt to John F. Kennedy International Airport. Directed by Eric Laneuville, the film stars Richard Dean Anderson, Stephen Root, Jane Leeves, Robert Loggia and Daphne Zuniga and the script closely follows the book.

Plot
The story begins in the mountains of Bavaria, Germany, where wildlife documentarian Ernest Helms (Michael Winters) is filming local wildlife. While filming, he discovers a man attempting to break into his rental car. After foiling the man's attempt, Helms prepares to drive away but is thwarted by the man smashing the driver's window. Helms, however, succeeds in escaping the crazed man, but receives a minor cut on his hand.

A few days later, in Frankfurt, Captain James Holland (Richard Dean Anderson), amidst preparations for his forthcoming transatlantic flight as Captain of Quantum Airlines Flight 66, is told by his doctor he does not have cancer. On board Flight 66, a Boeing 747-200, Helms (already displaying signs of illness) is assisted to his seat by flight attendant Brenda Hopkins (Kate Hodge). Shortly after takeoff, Helms rises from his seat and falls into cardiac arrest, and Brenda gives him CPR. Head flight attendant Barb Rollins (Jennifer Savidge) notifies Holland of the emergency, and the Captain and his check pilot, Daniel Robb (Richard Lawson) set a course for London's Heathrow Airport,.  However they are turned away when British Air-Traffic Control informs them that one of the passengers (Helms) could be infected with a deadly strain of influenza.

Several harrowing events follow. The U.S. President (Edward Herrmann) unsuccessfully tries to sneak Flight 66 into RAF Mildenhall, disguised as a United States Air Force fighter plane and guided in by another, despite a recommendation otherwise by Ambassador Lee Lancaster (Robert Guillaume), but the British forces at the base jam the runway with emergency vehicles.   Holland threatens to land anyway, only to pull up at the last minute, showing the U.S. Government how desperate the situation is.  Soon thereafter,  an investigation is set in motion by the Central Intelligence Agency. Flight 66 lands at the U.S. air base in Iceland, but one passenger is so distraught at being separated from her child and at being in quarantine that she runs down the airplane stairs and is shot and killed by U.S. troops in MOPP gear.  Holland flies the aircraft toward Mauritania, but a female intelligence agent warns Holland that an assassin is trying to destroy the flight.  Holland tricks the assassin (in a missile-armed Learjet 35) into crashing and lands on Ascension Island.

The book mentions that the virus becomes less lethal and enters the human population.  The movie indicates that the flight attendant who gave Helms CPR died six months after the incident, presumably from the virus.

Cast
 Richard Dean Anderson as Captain James Holland
 Robert Guillaume as Ambassador Lee Lancaster
 Edward Herrmann as President of the United States Ersin
 Kate Hodge as Brenda Hopkins
 Jane Leeves as Rachel Sherwood
 Richard Lawson as Captain Daniel Robb
 Robert Loggia as CIA Director Jonathan Roth
 Stephen Root as Mark Hastings
 Vladimir Kulich as Yuri
 Daphne Zuniga as Dr. Roni Sanders
 John Considine as Dr. Turnheir
 Grant Goodeve as Don Moses
 Wolf Muser as Dr. Zeitner
 John J. Nance as Air Force Chief
 Penny Peyser as Lisa Erickson

Award nominations

References

External links

1996 films
1996 television films
1996 drama films
1990s American television miniseries
American aviation films
American disaster films
Films scored by Don Davis (composer)
Films about aviation accidents or incidents
Films about viral outbreaks
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Eric Laneuville
Films set on Ascension Island
Films set in Bavaria
Films set in Frankfurt
Films set in Iceland
Films set in London
Films set in Suffolk
NBC network original films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films

Doomsday Virus


Foz is a town in Galicia, Spain.

Foz may also refer to:

Places
 Foz-Calanda, a town in Aragón, Spain
 Foz do Iguaçu, a city in Brazil

Other uses
 Peter Forrest, an Australian cricketer nicknamed Foz
 Foz, a character in the British television soap opera Hollyoaks
 Foz Cataratas Futebol Clube, a Brazilian football (soccer) club
 Subaru Forester

Foz (disambiguation)


One World is a movie festival that takes place each year in Prague, Czech Republic. The theme of the festival is human rights documentary movies. The Czech organization People in Need organizes the festival. People can watch about 130 documentary movies from almost 40 countries during one week. Every year "One World" focuses on a different human rights issue or problem.  The festival also offers other events, such as debates with filmmakers and photography exhibitions. The festival is at the end of April each year.

Other websites
One World Film Festival Official Site

Movie festivals
Festivals in Europe
Prague

One World Film Festival


Noimot Salako-Oyedele (born 8 January 1966) is a Nigerian politician, public health engineer and real estate professional, who has served as the deputy governor of Ogun State in Nigeria since 2019. She emerged as the Deputy Governor of Ogun State after winning the 2019 Ogun State gubernatorial election alongside Dapo Abiodun, under the platform of the All Progressive Congress.

Early life
Noimot Salako was born  on 8 January 1966 to the family of late Prof. Lateef Akinola Salako and Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako.  She hails from Aworiland, Ota, in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State. Her father was a Nigerian academic who was professor emeritus of pharmacology and therapeutics at the University of Ibadan.

Education
Salako-Oyedele holds a master's degree in Public Health Engineering from the Imperial College of Science & Technology London, UK, a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Lagos.

Career
Salako-Oyedele started her career at the United Kingdom, where she served as a Graduate Engineer and Project Manager at Ove Arup & Partners between 1989 and 1995. Engineer Salako-Oyedele also served as Managing Director, NOS Nigeria Limited between 1995 and 2014.  She became the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer between 2014 and 2015 at Glenwood Property Development Company Limited where she served as General Manager Business Development. She became the Acting Managing Director, Grenadines Homes Limited in 2015, a position she held till she ventured into partisan-politics and emerged as the Ogun State Deputy Governor.

Politics
In March 2019, she was elected by the  people of Ogun State to serve as Deputy Governor to His Excellency, Prince Dapo Abiodun.

References

1966 births
Living people
All Progressives Congress politicians
Academic staff of the University of Ibadan
Nigerian real estate businesspeople

Noimot Salako-Oyedele


John E. Manders (February 3, 1895 – February 18, 1973) was Mayor of Anchorage, Alaska from 1945 to 1946 and a leading voice among opponents of Alaskan statehood.

Biography
John Edgar Manders was born February 3, 1895, in Denver, Colorado to Robert Francis Manders and Letha Clementine Barnes Manders. In 1914, he married Henrietta Bertolas. He attended the University of San Francisco and the San Francisco Law School, and was admitted to the California Bar in 1918. He practiced law in San Francisco until 1941, when he moved his practice to Anchorage, Alaska.

In 1945, Manders was elected mayor of Anchorage. He resigned on March 18, 1946, several weeks before his term was complete, in protest of plans to weaken the mayor's office by transferring powers to the city council and to a newly created office of city manager. "I will not be a figurehead in office," he told the press. "I'll not be a Charlie McCarthy for a bunch of Edgar Bergens." City Council member Winfield Ervin Jr. was appointed to serve as mayor until the April 2 elections.

Manders was a tax protester, refusing to pay Federal income tax. In the 1950s, he campaigned against statehood for the Territory of Alaska, earning himself the title of "Statehood Foe #1" from Life Magazine. Manders argued that statehood would increase the taxes of Alaskan citizens. In its place, he advocated commonwealth status for the territory. Manders became known as the "Lone Republican," because much of the rest of Alaska's prospective congressional delegation was dominated by Democrats such as Ernest Gruening, Bob Bartlett, Bill Egan and Ralph Rivers.

In 1958, after the U.S. Senate voted to admit Alaska as the 49th state, he told Time Magazine: "Did you ever see anybody stop a crowd on its way to a hanging? Wait till the honeymoon is over and the taxes arrive ..." In the ensuing special election, he made a bid for one of the new seats in the Senate, but failed to gain the nomination of the Republican Party.

Manders was a familiar sight in downtown Anchorage, where he was often seen walking with a cane and smoking a cigar. He belonged to the Freemasons and the Shriners. He died the morning of February 18, 1973 at Anchorage Community Hospital.

References

External links
 Profile at the Political Graveyard
 Historical manuscripts at UAA

1895 births
1973 deaths
Alaska lawyers
Alaska Republicans
Lawyers from San Francisco
Mayors of Anchorage, Alaska
Politicians from Denver
Politicians from San Francisco
University of San Francisco alumni
Lawyers from Denver
American tax resisters
20th-century American politicians
Activists from California
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American Episcopalians

John E. Manders


The Battle of Prek Klok II occurred on March 10, 1967, during Operation Junction City when American military forces were conducting a search and destroy operation against the Viet Cong (VC) forces in Tay Ninh Province west of the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon. During the course of the operation they had already had a significant engagement in the Battle of Prek Klok I. During the night, Artillery Fire Support Patrol Base II at Prek Klok was attacked by two communist battalions, resulting in a short battle. This was the second major battle of Operation Junction City. The VC started by mortaring the base and launching anti-tank fire at the M113 armored personnel carriers (APCs) surrounding the base. Attacks came from the north and east, followed by an infantry charge out of wooded areas from the southwest. With the help of air strikes from nearby planes, as well as artillery and ample supplies flown in by helicopter, the Americans easily repelled the communist attack. The Americans killed 197 VC but lost only three of their men.

Background
On the evening of 10 March, the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (minus Company B), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Edward J. Collins, was securing the perimeter of Artillery Fire Support Patrol Base II located at Prek Klok on Route 4,  north of Nui Ba Den. Inside the circular "wagon train" perimeter of the base were the headquarters and Batteries B and C, 2nd Battalion, 33rd Artillery Regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles D. Daniel, as well as elements of the 168th Engineer Battalion. The engineers were engaged in building a Special Forces and Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) camp and airfield in the area.

Nui Ba Den had long been a stronghold for guerrilla fighters for over a century. During the 19th century, the area was a favored organizing area and hideout for rebel movements opposed to the ruling Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam. It was heavily used by religiously motivated peasant movements that were usually led by millenarian self-styled mystics. This continued into the 20th century as these new religious movements were often able to quickly gather supporters through claims of supernatural powers and promises to defeat French colonialists. The rugged terrain and dense foliage made the area ideal for guerillas and the communists had entrenched themselves there in recent times.

The 2nd Battalion's APCs were placed at  intervals around the base perimeter. The areas between the APCs were protected by foxholes manned by infantry, engineers, and artillerymen. Just after sunset, the troops on the perimeter fired their weapons to test their readiness and put on a show of force to any VC in the vicinity. Ambush patrols and listening posts left the perimeter of the base for their sentry positions in the surrounding jungle for the night. At about 20:30, men of a Company A listening post to the east of the perimeter, while moving into position, reported seeing and engaging three VC with unknown results. Collins placed the battalion on 75 percent alert and artillery harassing fires continued.

Battle
At 22:00 the VC commenced a heavy mortar attack on the circle of American troops. Within two minutes, the Americans began to respond through heavy mortar platoons led by Sergeant First Class Kenneth D. Davis. In all, Davis and his men fired 435 rounds during the battle. In a period of half an hour, around 200 rounds of 120-mm, 82-mm, and 60-mm VC mortar fire exploded inside the base. The VC also employed 75-mm. Recoilless rifles and RPG-2 antitank weapons against the perimeter of the base. Several APCs were hit, 20 US troops were wounded and helicopters were brought in to evacuate the injured.

As soon as the mortar bombardment ended, Colonel Collins directed all his units to conduct a reconnaissance by fire of the area 200–600 meters beyond the perimeter. After the reconnaissance by fire ended, two VC battalions launched a ground attack from the east into the positions held by Company C at about 22:30. During the attack, Staff Sergeant Richard A. Griffin of Company A ran from his sheltered position to supply his comrades along the perimeter with ammunition. When the ground attack began, he returned to his machine gun and placed a heavy volume of accurate fire on the attackers. He was later awarded the Bronze Star with valor.

The Americans at the camp called the 3rd Brigade tactical command post at Suoi Da to request to provide close tactical air support, artillery, medical evacuation for the wounded and ammunition supply. Medical evacuation and supply were provided by five Hueys and a light fire team. The helicopters flew 64 sorties into Bases I and II. With their landing lights on, the aircraft brought in 16 tons of supplies. One hundred tactical air sorties supported the American ground forces.

The VC launched smaller attacks from the northeast and southeast with recoilless rifles and automatic weapons on the Company A positions. Three of Company A's APCs were hit by RPG-2 rounds and one APC received a direct hit from a mortar round. On the southwestern side of the American base, Company C received a VC attack head on. Moving parallel to the highway along the western side of the road, the VC ran across 500 meters of open ground towards Company C's positions from the southwest. Continuous fire from the Americans quickly overwhelmed the VC. The company never reported seeing more than a platoon of VC in the clearing, although many more VC fired from the woods.

When the mortar attack started, the artillery defensive concentrations which ringed the entire perimeter of the base were fired. As the VC attacks commenced, adjustments in the aim were made toward and onto the attacks. Nearby US artillery units at Bases I and III as well as at Prek Klok base, swept the area around the perimeter with over five thousand rounds, while the 3rd Brigade's forward air controllers directed the air strikes.

When the first US Air Force flight arrived in the area, Route 4 was declared a fire co-ordination line between the artillery and the aircraft. To the west of the road the artillery fired to stop the VC assault, while to the east American air power dropped bombs, rockets and fired 20-mm cannon. The massive and use of air strikes and artillery was the main reason for the eventual US victory.

After an hour, the main part of the VC attack had been repelled. Sniper fire continued as the VC withdrew and it was about 04:30 that the VC stopped firing.

Aftermath
Early morning ground and aerial observation of the area disclosed 197 VC killed, while five wounded VC were taken prisoner, along with 12 weapons and some documents. The Americans lost 3 killed and 38 wounded. From the captured documents the attacking force was determined by the Americans to be two battalions of the 272nd Regiment of the 9th Division.

References

1967 in Vietnam
Battles of the Vietnam War involving the United States
Battles involving Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1967
Prek Klok II
History of Tây Ninh Province

Battle of Prek Klok II


Alberta is an unincorporated community in L'Anse Township of Baraga County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on US Highway 41 (US 41) about  south of the village of L'Anse at . Alberta is the site of the Ford Center, managed by the Michigan Technological University College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science.

The community was founded in 1936 after Henry Ford declared the banks of the Plumbago Creek to be an ideal spot for a sawmill. Ford named the town "Alberta" after the daughter of the superintendent of Ford's Upper Peninsula Operations at the time, which was either Fred J. Johnson or Edward G. Kingsford (for whom the town of Kingsford, Michigan and Kingsford charcoal is named). It was Ford's intention to have a model lumber and sawmill town, as well as to construct a plant in the southeastern forests of the Keweenaw.At the time Ford established Alberta, wood was used extensively in automobiles. The original village of Alberta consisted of twelve houses, two schools, and a steam-driven mill built to the most modern standards of the day. The Plumbago Creek was dammed to provide a reservoir to serve the town and mill's water supply needs. The mill was a two-story white clapboard wood-frame structure and still stands, now housing a portion of the Alberta Village Museum. The saw mill had a capacity of  per day for hardwood and  per day for softwood. This was a small capacity even by 1936 standards, with Ford's other three mills in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan producing twenty to twenty-five times as much. Those who resided in Alberta were expected to divide their time lumbering, milling, and farming.

Similarities exist between both the Ford-established and administered communities of Alberta and the town of Belterra, in the Brazilian state of Pará. It has been professionally noted that both towns were established by the Ford Motor Company around generally the same time. Both provided much-needed resources for the construction of the Model T, Alberta was a supplier of wood, and Belterra, a provider of rubber to the company.

Ford had closed the operations in the community around the year 1943, and the community gradually began to diminish, although it was not until the year of 1954 that the sawmill ceased its operations, and the Ford Motor Company officially donated the town of Alberta, Michigan, and the  of land around it to what is now the College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science at Michigan Technological University.

Buildings still standing that were part of the original village on this property are now used as a museum, they also support research and serve as a hub for teaching programs for those with forestry and ecology majors, the buildings are also used by numerous universities from around the United States for forestry education.

References

External links

 Alberta Village Museum
 Photos of Alberta

Unincorporated communities in Baraga County, Michigan
Company towns in Michigan
Populated places established in 1936
1936 establishments in Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Michigan

Alberta, Michigan


The Cornish Gilliflower is a cultivar of apple.

This cultivar was found in a cottage garden in Truro, Cornwall, England, UK, in about 1800 and in 1813 was brought to the attention of the Royal Horticultural Society by Sir Christopher Hawkins, who was awarded a silver medal "for his exertions". The word 'gilliflower' is possibly a corruption of a French word girofle meaning clove, believed to be a reference to its odour when cut. The leaves are small and the tree is not a strong grower. It ripens in October.

The Cornish Gillyflower is used as a base for comparison by the RHS fruit committee to gauge the flavour of other apples.

References

Cornish cuisine
British apples
Apple cultivars

Cornish Gilliflower


Awesome Animated Monster Maker was a children's creative play computer video game program on CD-ROM, produced by ImaginEngine and published by Houghton-Mifflin's interactive Division in 1994.  It was one of the first pieces of software made for young children, especially in the 2-5 age range.

Game overview
In Monster Maker, users create a monster by sticking together animated parts.  Each part has several states to it: happy, sad, angry, etc.  When a monster is happy or sad, all of its various parts animate together in the new state.

Once a monster is created, one can play a variety of games and activities with it, such as making music, getting clothing and accessories, or printing it out.

Monster Maker was designed for creative play, like a paint program.  There were no overarching goals other than to have fun.

Shortly after the first version, ImaginEngine released a follow-up called the Ultra Edition.  It added four mini-games one can play with a monster, including judo and a water skiing race.

Technical features
Monster Maker was a cross-platform Hybrid CD-ROM that worked in both Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows computers.  For Windows machines, it would work on 3.11, 95, 98, and NT.  For Macs, it had 68k and PowerPC versions.

Monster Maker was programmed in C++.  It was developed on Windows NT and then ported to CodeWarrior on the Mac.

Monster Maker ran in four megs of memory.  The animation engine was locked at 12 frames per second, regardless of the speed of the computer.  It required an Intel 80486 processor and a video card that could do 640x480x8.  Under Windows, it relied on the WinG library for its blitter engine.

Monster Maker's blitter engine used a custom sprite codec that was highly optimized for unique content aspects of monster parts.  Each part in Monster Maker used a special palette that had four "part colors" and four "sticky colors".  The part colors could be changed during blit to allow the user to change the color of parts on the screen.  The sticky color could also be changed during the blit, and it would take on the part color of whatever the part was stuck to.  For example, an arm could take on the color of whatever body it was stuck to.

The blitter had many advanced features for its time, including the ability to scale parts to an arbitrary size up or down and the ability handle translucency.  It used a version of Bresenham's line algorithm to compute the scaling factors, similar to the approach discussed in the Graphics Gems series.

The engine also had the ability to recompile collections of part hierarchies into single composite parts on the fly, which was how the game was able to keep so much animation on the screen.

A sequel, Awesome Animated Monster Maker Math, was released in 1998.

References

Classic Mac OS games
Windows games
1994 video games
Video games developed in the United States
ImaginEngine games

Awesome Animated Monster Maker


Broken English, or Engrish is a variant of the English language by people who do not speak English very well.

The term may refer to spoken English, and it can also describe written English. In Japan, it is common to add English text to items for decorative and fashion purposes.

The term Engrish first appears as an Asian mispronunciation of the word English in the 1940s.  It was not until the 1980s that it began to be used to as a byname for defective Asian English. The related term "wasei-eigo" means made-up English words that have entered into everyday Japanese.

Broken English can be found in East Asian countries, and also many places in other places where a lot of East Asians live. Broken English has been found on many things from poorly translated signs, menus, and manuals to strangely worded advertisements, food items, and strange t-shirt slogans. Broken English also sometimes happens when a word or sentence is badly translated on the Internet.

Related pages
 All your base are belong to us
 Pidgin

References

English language
Pidgins and creoles
English-based pidgins

Broken English


Christopher Bradley Smylie (born 22 March 1982) is a New Zealand rugby union player. He plays in the scrum-half position for Taranaki in the ITM Cup. He was born in Greater Auckland and attended Massey High School. In 2002 he made his professional debut for North Harbour against Auckland in the National Provincial Championship. Smylie then went south and had one season for the Highlanders in 2006, off the back of a hugely impressive debut season for Otago in 2005. The following year he played for the New Zealand Māori and in 2007 saw him play for the Hurricanes in Super Rugby, before debuting in 2009 for North Harbour in the Air New Zealand Cup.

Smylie was named NPC Division One Player of the Year for 2005, after a strong campaign which saw Otago finish runners-up behind Auckland. Despite this, he was not the first choice starting halfback for the Highlanders in 2006, with Southland halfback Jimmy Cowan often being preferred. In the 2007 Super 14 season he was drafted into the Hurricanes where he was sharing the halfback role with Alby Mathewson until Piri Weepu came back from the All Blacks protected squad. In 2012 Smylie returned to the Hurricanes and signed with Taranaki.

International career

Smylie kicked off his international career with the New Zealand Sevens team in 2002 where he played in two IRB Sevens tournaments in Singapore and Malaysia.

In 2006, Smylie had been named in the New Zealand Māori squad for the Churchill Cup. In the second test against USA he made his debut as starting Half-back, the New Zealand Māori went on winning the game 74 - 6. He then retained his starting spot against the Ireland Wolfhounds and also got to start in 2006 Churchill Cup final against Scotland A. In 2007 he secured a permanent position as the Half-back with the New Zealand Māori side during the 2007 Churchill Cup. He started in all three matches against Canada, the Ireland Wolfhounds and including the final against the England Saxons.
In 2008 he continued his career with the New Zealand Māori during 2008 IRB Pacific Nations Cup. He had only started one match against Fiji, after Piri Weepu joined the squad.

Smylie then was named in the Junior All Blacks side in 2009. He started two out of the three matches against Samoa and Fiji and then came off the bench against Tonga. He then returned to the New Zealand Māori for their 2010 Sealord Centenary Series. He suffered a fractured cheekbone after the match against the New Zealand Barbarians which finished his career for the New Zealand Māori in 2010.

Provincial Rugby

Smylie started his first class career at North Harbour, whom he played five times for in 2002 and 2003. Aged only 20, he made his debut for North Harbour against Auckland in 2002, in round three of the competition.

In 2004, Smylie went on and moved south to Otago to play a full season in the 2004 National Provincial Championship.

Smylie was named NPC Division One Player of the Year for 2005, after a strong campaign which saw Otago finish runners-up behind Auckland.
In 2005, starting Otago's mid-year encounter against the British and Irish Lions on the bench behind former Hurricane and All Black Danny Lee, Smylie went on to make 12 straight appearances at number nine for Otago. even including the NPC final. This included a man of the match performance for the southerners in a 26–10 win over Wellington at Westpac Stadium.

References

External links
Blues profile
itsrugby.co.uk profile

New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves
North Harbour rugby union players
Blues (Super Rugby) players
Hurricanes (rugby union) players
Taranaki rugby union players
Otago rugby union players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
1982 births
Living people
Māori All Blacks players
People educated at Massey High School
Male rugby sevens players
Benetton Rugby players
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy

Chris Smylie


Trudy Larkin Forster (c. 1935 – February 4, 2005) was an American writer, known for her book Los Gatos del Casino, set in Pichilemu, Chile and Agustín Ross Casino.

Biography
Trudy Larkin Forster travelled to Chile in October 1994, and settled in the coastal town of Pichilemu in O'Higgins Region.

In 1999, Larkin Forster published her book Los Gatos del Casino. The book was premiered in the Children's Book Fair in Santiago, Chile during June 1999, and later at the Agustín Ross Art Room (now Agustín Ross Cultural Center) on September 18 of that year.

Larkin Forster died on February 4, 2005, in Pichilemu, and was buried in Pichilemu Cemetery on February 5, according to her own wishes.

Works
 1999, Los Gatos del Casino

References

2005 deaths
American children's writers
Year of birth uncertain
American women children's writers
People from Pichilemu
21st-century American women

Trudy Larkin Förster


Ryan Lannon (born December 14, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who last played for Vaasan Sport in the Liiga (Finnish Elite League).

Playing career
As a defensive-defenseman, Ryan was first selected to play with the U.S. National Development Team Program in the NAHL in the 1998–99 season. After one season Lannon left the development program and played two seasons of high school hockey in Massachusetts with Cushing Academy Penguins.

Lannon attended Harvard University and played collegiate hockey in the ECAC from 2001 until 2005. After his freshman season, Ryan was drafted in the eighth round, 239th overall, by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft, joining fellow Harvard teammate and childhood friend, Noah Welch as a Penguins prospect. Lannon scored 4 goals and had 34 assists for 38 points and missed only two games throughout his college career as he helped the Crimsons win the ECAC in 2002 and 2004.

As a stay-at-home defenseman, he ranked in the top three in Plus/minus in all four of his seasons with Harvard and in his senior year was named U.S Hockey Onlines "Unsung Hero", Harvards Raplh "Cooney" Weiland Award as the team's most spirited, selfless player and earned selection to the Second All-Ivy team. On August 3, 2005, Lannon was then signed, alongside Noah Welch, by the Penguins to a two-year entry level contract.

Lannon was assigned to Pittsburgh's AHL affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, for the entirety of his entry-level contract, helping the "Baby Pens" to the Calder Cup playoffs in each season. He then re-signed with the Penguins on a one-year deal on July 27, 2007. In the following 2007–08 season, Lannon received his first NHL recall on January 6, 2008. However, after traveling with Pittsburgh for two weeks he failed to make his Penguins debut and was returned to the Baby Pens on January 20, 2008. In 75 regular season games with Wilkes-Barre/Scranton, he scored 3 goals and 13 points and as a leader on the Penguins defense he scored 7 points in 23 post-season games before suffering defeat in the Calder Cup finals.

After three years with the Penguins, he signed as a free agent with the Phoenix Coyotes on July 15, 2008, and was later assigned to the San Antonio Rampage of the AHL. On October 16, 2008, he was recalled to the Coyotes but with two games as a healthy scratch was again unable to make his NHL debut after he was reassigned to the Rampage on October 19. Remaining with the Rampage for the remainder of the season, Ryan compiled only 5 assists in 63 games but contributed to the San Antonio community off the ice to win the team's Man of the Year Award and nominee for the AHL's Yanick Dupre Memorial Award.

On July 23, 2009, Lannon signed as a free agent to a one-year contract by the Minnesota Wild. He was then assigned to AHL affiliate, the Houston Aeros for the 2009–10 season. Shortly after appearing in his 300th career AHL game on December 15, 2009, Ryan was injured and subsequently only played in 27 games for the year, recording a goal and an assist.

Once again a free agent at season's end, Lannon was invited to the Philadelphia Flyers training camp prior to the 2010–11 season, before he was later released on September 26, 2010. On December 4, 2010, he was signed to a professional try-out contract with the Lake Erie Monsters of the AHL. After 7 games with the Monsters, Lannon was released and briefly joined the Worcester Sharks before leaving for Europe to sign with Finnish team, KalPa of the SM-liiga, on January 27, 2011. After impressing in 15 games with KalPa, Lannon was signed to a one-year contract extension on March 16, 2011.

On September 20, 2012, Lannon accepted a try-out to move to the Austrian Hockey League with the Graz 99ers. He remained with the club for duration of the 2012–13 season, posting 7 assists in 49 games. Despite the option to return to previous club, KalPa, with a lingering back injury Lannon opted to retire from professional hockey on April 18, 2013.

After a four-year retirement, Lannon made a surprising comeback to professional hockey for the 2017–18 season in signing an ECHL contract with inaugural hometown club, the Worcester Railers on October 4, 2017. He opened the season with the Railers, appearing in 4 scoreless games, before he was released from his contract on November 11, 2017. Lannon was signed as a free agent to continue in the ECHL with the Atlanta Gladiators on November 21, 2017.

In the following off-season, Lannon continued his comeback in returning abroad to sign a one-year deal with English club, Milton Keynes Lightning of the EIHL on July 25, 2018. He left in the middle of the season to join Finland's Vaasan Sport due to the Milton Keynes Lightning's financial issues.

Career statistics

References

External links

1982 births
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Atlanta Gladiators players
Graz 99ers players
Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey players
Houston Aeros (1994–2013) players
KalPa players
Lake Erie Monsters players
Living people
Milton Keynes Lightning players
Ice hockey players from Massachusetts
Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks
San Antonio Rampage players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players
Worcester Railers players
Worcester Sharks players

Ryan Lannon


Richard Bott (born 1968) is a minister of the United Church of Canada who served as the 43rd Moderator of that church from 2018 to 2022.

Early life and education
Bott was born in Marathon, Ontario and grew up there. Following graduation from high school, he attended University of Ottawa, where he earned his Bachelor of Social Sciences degree in 1990. He then earned his Master of Divinity (M.Div.) degree from Queen's University in 1994.

Ministry
Following graduation, Bott was ordained as a minister of the United Church. Over the next 24 years he served at five churches in Ontario and British Columbia. During that time, he earned a Diploma in Stewardship Studies from Queen's Theological College (1996), a Certificate in Dispute Resolution  from Laurentian University (1998) and a Doctor of Ministry from Ashland Theological Seminary (2003).

In 2000, Bott also became a liturgical writer, publishing articles, prayers and liturgy in a variety of Christian publications.

Moderator
Bott was nominated to be moderator in 2018, and at the 43rd General Council of the church in Oshawa, Ontario, he was elected after five ballots. Following his election, Bott said, "I am excited about the possibilities that are in front of the church and hopeful that we are going to live into them together."

During his installation service, Bott spoke of the feeding of the multitude, when a small child offered Jesus five small loaves and two small fish in order to feed a large crowd: "This child offered what they had, knowing that they might stay hungry. The child is us at our best, and the child is the world at its best; when we are ready to offer without having any idea what the end result might be — trusting that what God does with the gift, and with us, will be enough to satisfy the hunger, the hunger of all the world, and more."

As all moderators since 1994, Bott was due to serve for three years until his successor was chosen at the 44th General Council of the United Church in August 2021. However due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the General Council was postponed a year, and Bott's term was subsequently extended until then.

References

Moderators of the United Church of Canada
Living people
Ministers of the United Church of Canada
1969 births
People from Thunder Bay District
University of Ottawa alumni
Queen's University at Kingston alumni

Richard Bott


The Enchantress: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicolas Flamel (often shortened to The Enchantress) is the final novel in the six book series, The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel. It was written by Irish author Michael Scott and was published by Random House Inc. on 22 May 2012 in the US, and by Doubleday Publishing an imprint of Random House UK on 24 May 2012 in the UK and Ireland.

The series has been printed in 20 languages and is available in 37 countries, and features in the Top Ten on the New York Times Children's Best Selling Series list. The film rights to the series have been sold to Lorenzo di Bonaventura.

Title character
In an interview with Voya Magazine, Michael Scott named The Enchantress as Sophie Newman.

Plot summary
After the events of The Warlock, the twins Sophie and Josh Newman, along with John Dee and Virginia Dare, go back in time to the Isle of Danu Talis, where Osiris and Isis are revealed to be Dee's masters and the twins' parents. Osiris removes Dee's immortality, but Dee does not immediately die (he is later found by Marethyu, who restores his health and sight). Virginia Dare chooses to side with Osiris and Isis.

Meanwhile, Nicholas and Perenelle Flamel, Niten, and Prometheus discover that Mars, Hel, and Odin are not faring well against the monsters on Alcatraz, and that Machiavelli and Billy the Kid have joined them. After successfully turning the monsters on each other, the Flamels join them on Alcatraz. But Billy mistakenly throws the spear heads with the Words of Power at Perenelle (he also used them to kill the Sphinx earlier). The Morrigan throws herself in front of Perenelle and dies instead. Odin and Hel both die slaying an army of Anpu. After finding Aerop-Enap's cocoon, the Flamels and Machiavelli attempt to awake her while Billy and Black Hawk fight a Karkinos (giant crab). Billy is severely wounded and Black Hawk is thrown into the water, presumably eaten by the Nereids. Machiavelli heals Billy and Aerop-Enap kills the Karkinos. Tsagaglalal returns herself to her youthful immortal state and it is discovered that she is one of the First People that were awakened by Prometheus. After putting on an ancient suit of ceramic armour, she goes to the Golden Gate Bridge to fend off an army of Spartoi that were animated by Quetzalcoatl and Bastet. Vowing to keep them from entering the city, Niten and Prometheus defeat quite a few of the Spartoi, but both are killed. After slaying the rest of the Spartoi, Tsagaglalal finds them, but only has enough of her aura left to heal Prometheus. The Elder convinces her to use her aura to heal Niten, asking her to tell him to marry Aoife, whom Niten loves. Quetzalcoatl and Bastet flee after they hear Tsagaglalal roar out of rage.

On Danu Talis, Scathach, Joan of Arc, Saint-Germain, Palamedes, Shakespeare, and the young Prometheus crash their vimana on the original Yggdrasill and meet Hekate and Mars (then Huitzilopochtli), who plan to lead the human inhabitants of the Yggdrasill to liberate the incarcerated Aten. Anubis and his mother Bastet prepare to take over Danu Talis by making Anubis ruler, but Isis and Osiris have other plans. Telling Sophie and Josh to put on silver and gold suits of armour, they prepare to present the twins to the council of elders as the rightful rulers of Danu Talis. Marethyu presents Dare with a tablet containing personal messages, and it convinces her to side with the humani. Marethyu then proceeds to watch Josh and Sophie enter the pyramid because he knows that it will be the last time they get to laugh with one another. While Josh and Sophie wait to be presented, they are attacked by berserkers (bear hybrids), and Tsagaglalal (She Who Watches) comes to the rescue. Dare meets Dee in front of the prison, later telling him that she had only wanted a world so that she could make it completely free. She leads the humani against the Elders along with Dee, who dies when allowing her to draw energy off of his aura so she can save the humans from the warden's counter-attack.

Scathach, Joan, Saint Germain, Shakespeare, and Palamedes fight the final battle along with the twins. Osiris and Isis admit that Sophie and Josh aren't their children (Josh was found in a Neanderthal camp shortly after the Fall of Danu Talis, and Sophie was found in Russia in the ninth or tenth century 30,000 years after) and they transform into their dragon-like true forms, revealing that they aren't Elders, but truly ancient beings called Earthlords, while stating their true goal was to use the twin's auras to form a portal to the earliest days of Earth so they can summon the other Earthlords to this timeline and have them feed on all worlds. After defeating the pair, Tsagaglalal presents them with tablets from Abraham The Mage. Completing the prophecy "twins with the auras of silver and gold, a brother and sister with the power to either save the world ... or destroy it.", Sophie leaves Josh to destroy Danu Talis. Josh sits on the center of the Pyramid of the Sun and begins to read the Codex, discovering that Sophie, Joan, Scathach, Dare, and Aten lead the survivors onto the new Earth and assist them for several hundred years before returning to the present time. He then combines the Four Swords of Power (Clarent, Excalibur, Durendal, and Joyeuse) to create the fifth power--- Aether. The swords form a hook, revealing that Josh becomes/is Marethyu (hence revealing the reason why characters have always thought Marethyu seemed familiar). He plunges his hook into the center of the Pyramid of the Sun, speaking aloud the last words he read in the Codex ("Today I become Death, the destroyer of worlds") and thereby destroying Danu Talis.
On Alcatraz, Nicholas and Perenelle spend their last moments together, content. Marethyu appears and tells Perenelle and the Alchemyst that he is Josh and takes them to Paris, apparently for the Flamels to die. In a letter to Sophie, Josh (Marethyu) describes Aoife and Niten's wedding, where Scathach was the bridesmaid and promises to Sophie that he will always watch over her.

Audio book
The Enchantress is also available as an audiobook. It was released by Random House in May 2012, narrated by Paul Boehmer The ISBN number for the audiobook is: .

External links
 Author's website
 Publisher's website
 Official Flamel Forum  Author's fan forum

References

American fantasy novels
Random House books
Novels by Michael Scott (Irish author)
Fiction about alchemy
Young adult fantasy novels
2012 fantasy novels
Alcatraz Island in fiction
Novels about time travel
Atlantis in fiction
Cultural depictions of Niccolò Machiavelli
Cultural depictions of Billy the Kid
Cultural depictions of Miyamoto Musashi
Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc
Novels about William Shakespeare
Egyptian mythology in popular culture
Greek and Roman deities in fiction
Norse mythology in popular culture
Novels set in San Francisco
Mesoamerican mythology in popular culture

The Enchantress: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel


The Mitsubishi Colt 600 is a five-seat, two-door passenger sedan produced by Shin Mitsubishi Heavy-Industries, Ltd - one of the companies which would become Mitsubishi Motors. It was rear-engined and rear wheel drive,  powered by an air-cooled 594 cc twin-cylinder OHV engine producing , and debuted in July 1962 as the successor to the company's Mitsubishi 500 Super Deluxe. The 600 was the first Mitsubishi to bear the "Colt" name. Top speed was .

A convertible version—the company's first "show car"— was exhibited at the 9th Tokyo Motor Show, but was never offered for public sale. A replica of that car was used to promote the new Mitsubishi Colt cabriolet at the 75th Geneva Motor Show in 2005.

Following the racing success of its predecessor, Mitsubishi entered Colt 600 touring cars in the 1963 Malaysian Grand Prix, where they placed second and third in the under 600 cc class. The following year the Colt 600 managed to take class honors in Malaysia. Production ended in 1965, in favor of the considerably more modern (still two-stroke, but water-cooled) Colt 800 fastback.

References

Colt 600
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Rear-engined vehicles
Sedans

Cars introduced in 1962
Cars discontinued in 1965

Mitsubishi Colt 600


Junior Jones (born December 20, 1970) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2002. He held world championships in two weight classes, including the World Boxing Association (WBA) bantamweight title from 1993 to 1994 and the World Boxing Organization (WBO) super bantamweight title from 1996 to 1997. He also held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) featherweight title from 1999 to 2000.

Amateur career
As an amateur, Jones won the New York Golden Gloves tournament twice.

Professional career

Jones made his professional debut on June 8, 1989, scoring a first-round technical knockout against George Young. A further 31 consecutive victories followed, during which Jones defeated Jorge Eliécer Julio to win the WBA bantamweight title on October 23, 1993. Jones made one successful defense, but lost his title after being stopped in eleven rounds by John Michael Johnson on April 22, 1994; they had previously fought on August 10, 1989, with Jones winning by unanimous decision (UD). More than two years later, on November 22, 1996, Jones scored his most significant victory by handing then-undefeated Marco Antonio Barrera his first loss to win the WBO super bantamweight title, thus becoming a two-weight world champion. A minor controversy arose at the end of their fight when Barrera's cornermen entered the ring after he had been knocked down in the fifth round, which forced the referee to disqualify Barrera rather than award a stoppage to Jones. In their rematch, which took place on April 18, 1997, Jones won a close UD to defend his title.

On December 19, 1997, Jones lost the title after being stopped in four rounds by 1988 Olympic gold medalist Kennedy McKinney. In his next fight, on September 12, 1998, Jones was again stopped in the fourth round, this time by WBC super bantamweight champion Érik Morales. On April 10, 1999, Jones won the vacant IBO featherweight title with a late stoppage of Richard Evatt in the eleventh round. In his first defense, on April 29, 2000, he lost the title to IBF featherweight champion Paul Ingle in yet another eleventh-round stoppage. Jones' final fight, on December 6, 2002, was a ten-round UD loss to Ivan Alvarez.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Boxers from Brooklyn
World boxing champions
World bantamweight boxing champions
World super-bantamweight boxing champions
World Boxing Association champions
World Boxing Organization champions
International Boxing Organization champions
American male boxers
Featherweight boxers
Super-featherweight boxers

Junior Jones


Wilhelm Ule, sometimes referred to as Willi Ule (9 May 1861 in Halle an der Saale – 13 February 1940) was a German geographer and limnologist. He was the son of science writer Otto Eduard Vincenz Ule (1820-1876).

He studied mathematics and geography in Berlin and Halle, where he graduated in 1888 with a dissertation on the lakes of Mansfeld, Die Mansfelder Seen. The following year he obtained his habilitation with a study on the depth ratios of Masurian lakes. In 1889 he also became managing director of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

In 1907 he became an associate professor at the University of Rostock, where in 1919 he was appointed full professor. He was editor of the Geographischen Arbeite and the Mitteilungen der geographischen Gesellschaft zu Rostock (Releases of the Geographical Society of Rostock). Ule is sometimes referred to as "the founder of geography in Mecklenburg".

With Swiss scientist François-Alphonse Forel (1841-1912), he was co-creator of the "Forel-Ule scale", a method used for obtaining an approximate measurement of surface water color.

Selected writings
 Der Würmsee (Starnbergersee) in Oberbayern. Eine limnologische studie, 1901 - The Würmsee (Starnberg) in Upper Bavaria, a limnological study.
 Bodengestalt und Gewässer, 1907 - Geology and groundwater.
 Geographie von Mecklenburg, 1909 - Geography of Mecklenburg.
 Das Deutsche Reich; eine geographische landeskunde, 1915 - The German Empire, geographic area studies.
 Quer durch Süd Amerika, 1924 - Across South America.
 Physiogeographie des Süßwasser: Grundwasser, Quellen, Flüsse, Seen, 1925 - Physical geography of fresh water : groundwater, springs, rivers, lakes.
 Asien, Australien und die Südseeinseln, Amerika, die Polarländer, 1928 - Asia, Australia and the South Sea Islands, America and Polar regions.
 Mecklenburg, 1930.

References
 Catalogus-professorum-halensis (biography)

Academic staff of the University of Rostock
German geographers
People from Halle (Saale)
1861 births
1940 deaths

Wilhelm Ule


Linda Stephens is an American lawyer who formerly served as an associate judge on the North Carolina Court of Appeals.  She was first appointed to the Court of Appeals by Gov. Mike Easley (D-NC) in January 2006 and lost her seat in the general election of November 2006. Gov. Easley then reappointed her to the Court of Appeals in January 2007 to fill the seat vacated by the election of Robin Hudson to the NC Supreme Court.  Judge Stephens won a full term in a non-partisan election on November 4, 2008.  Her opponent for the seat was Dan Barrett, an attorney and author from Davie County.

Linda Stephens' 2008 candidacy had the endorsement of the NC National Organization for Women, EqualityNC, the Muslim-American PAC, The Black Political Caucus of Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina Association of Defense Attorneys, NC Academy of Trial Lawyers, and NC Association of Women Attorneys.

Stephens was defeated in her bid for re-election in 2016 by Phil Berger, Jr. She ran as a Democrat.

Stephens is a magna cum laude graduate of the University of South Carolina and received her J.D. degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

External links
Judge Stephens' Web Site
Judge Stephens' Facebook Page
North Carolina Court System
Charlotte Observer endorses Stephens and others for Court of Appeals

North Carolina Court of Appeals judges
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of South Carolina alumni
University of North Carolina School of Law alumni
American women judges
21st-century American women

Linda Stephens


Arnold Kutzinski (17 August 1879, Berlin – 26 December 1956, Jerusalem) was a controversial German psychiatrist and neurologist, known as both an outspoken critic of psychoanalysis and a supporter of eugenics.

He studied medicine at the University of Berlin, University in Munich and at Freiburg, where he graduated in 1905.

Subsequently, he became assistant to Bonhoeffer at the Charité psychiatric clinic in Berlin. After World War I ended, he was appointed professor of psychiatry in Königsberg.

In the early 1930s, he emigrated to Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv. He died in 1956 in Jerusalem, aged 77.

Kutzinski was a prolific writer and left a number of works in German and Hebrew on psychiatric and neurological issues. He published i.a. on aphasia, blindsight, headache, war neuroses, hysteria, olfactory hallucinations, eclamptic psychosis. His criticism of psychoanalysis was fully articulated in the 1931 article.

References

German emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
German neurologists
German psychiatrists
1956 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
1879 births

Arnold Kutzinski


Scorzalite () is a dark blue phosphate mineral containing iron, magnesium, and aluminium phosphate. Scorzalite forms one endmember of a solid solution series with the lighter, more magnesium-rich lazulite.

Scorzalite crystallizes in the monoclinic system in a dipyramidal form. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5-6 and a specific gravity of 3.4. It is infusible and insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in warm hydrochloric acid.

Occurrence
It was first described in 1947 for an occurrence in the granite pegmatite in the Córrego Frio mine, Linópolis, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was named for the Brazilian geologist Everisto Pena Scorza (1899–1969).

It occurs as a secondary phase in pegmatites and kyanite (aluminium-rich) quartzites. Associated minerals include souzalite, triphylite, wyllieite, trolleite, apatite, lacroixite, berlinite, tourmaline, muscovite, feldspar and quartz.

References

 Scorzalite on Minerals.net
 Amethyst Galleries entry

Aluminium minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Magnesium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 13

Scorzalite


The Bishops-Assistant at the Pontifical Throne were ecclesiastical titles in the Roman Catholic Church. It designated prelates belonging to the Papal Chapel, who stood near the throne of the Pope at solemn functions. They ranked immediately below the College of Cardinals and were also Counts of the Apostolic Palace. Assistants at the Pontifical Throne, unless specifically exempted, immediately enter the Papal nobility as Counts of Rome.

Pope Paul VI ended the use of this and similar titles of nobility in 1968.

Background
Prelate Assistants to the Pontifical Throne are distinguished from Prince assistants, who were members of the lay nobility. Prelate Assistants held toward the Pope much the same relation as cathedral canons do to their bishop. Bishops assistants (assistentes solio pontificio) are named by a Brief of the Secretariate of State, and in virtue of their office are members of the Pontifical Chapel (Cappella Pontificia). They assist at Solemn Mass holding the book and the bugia (candle).

History
All patriarchs and some bishops selected by the Pope, were made Assistants at the Pontifical Throne.

On 22 May 1862, during the canonization ceremony of the twenty-six Catholic martyrs of Japan, Pope Pius IX elevated all the bishops present to the rank of Assistant at the Pontifical Throne.
On 8 January 1866, Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei was named Dean of the Assistants at the Pontifical Throne after Pope Pius IX named him Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
On 17 June 1867, during the 1800th anniversary of the martyrdom of Saints Peter and Paul, Pope Pius IX elevated all the bishops present to the rank of Assistant at the Pontifical Throne.

The title has not been in use since Pope Paul VI reformed the Pontifical Household. On 28 March 1968, he issued Pontificalis Domus, which renamed the Papal Court the Papal Household and eliminated all titles of nobility.

See also
Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne

References

New Catholic Dictionary

External links
 Cardinal Antici Mattei as Dean of the Assistants to the Pontifical Throne

Catholic ecclesiastical titles
Honorary titles of the Holy See
Papal household

Assistant to the papal throne


Henry Allan "Harry" Ironside (October 14, 1876 – January 15, 1951) was a Canadian–American Bible teacher, preacher, theologian, pastor and author who pastored Moody Church in Chicago from 1929 to 1948.

Biography
Ironside was born in Toronto, Ontario, to John and Sophia (Stafford) Ironside, who were both active in the Plymouth Brethren. At birth, Harry was thought to be dead, so the attending nurses focused their attention on Sophia, who was dangerously ill. Only when a pulse was detected in Harry, 40 minutes later, was an attempt made to resuscitate the infant. When Harry was two years old, his father, John, died of typhoid at the age of 27. From a very early age, Ironside showed a strong interest in evangelical Christianity, and was active in the Salvation Army as a teenager before later joining the "Grant" section of the Plymouth Brethren.

The family then moved to Los Angeles, California, on December 12, 1886, and as they found no Sunday school there to attend, young Harry started his own at age 11. Gathering old burlap bags, Harry and his childhood friends sewed them together, producing a burlap tent that could accommodate up to 100 people. Unable to find an adult teacher, Ironside himself did the teaching, with attendance averaging 60 children—and a few adults—each week.

In 1888, well-known evangelist Dwight L. Moody preached at a campaign in Los Angeles, with meetings held at Hazard's Pavilion (later known as "Temple Pavilion"), which could seat up to 4,000. This was an inspiration to Ironside, who hoped to also be able to preach to such crowds one day. In 1889, after a visit from evangelist Donald Munro, Ironside became convinced that he was not "born again", and so gave up preaching at his Sunday school, spending the next six months wrestling with this spiritual problem. After an evening of prayer, in February 1890, Ironside, at age 13, received Christ. As he is quoted as saying years later, "I rested on the Word of God and confessed Christ as my Savior." Ironside then returned to preaching, winning his first convert. Though he was taunted at school, he was undeterred from his mission to win souls. Later that year, his mother remarried, to William D. Watson. Ironside graduated from the eighth grade, began working as a part-time cobbler, and decided he had enough education (he never attended school again, a decision he later regretted).

During the daytime, young Ironside worked full-time at a photography studio, and at night he preached at Salvation Army meetings, becoming known as the "boy preacher". At age 16, he left the photography business and became a preacher full-time with the Salvation Army. Commissioned a Lieutenant in the Salvation Army, Ironside was soon preaching over 500 sermons a year around Southern California. At 18, the grueling schedule had taken its toll on his health, and Ironside resigned his commission, entering the Beulah Rest Home to recuperate.

In 1896, at 20, he moved to San Francisco, becoming associated again with the Plymouth Brethren. While there, he began helping at British evangelist Henry Varley's meetings and there met pianist Helen Schofield, daughter of a Presbyterian pastor in Oakland, California. The two soon married. In 1898, Ironside's mother died, and less than a year later, Harry and Helen's first son, Edmund Henry, was born. In 1900, the family moved across the bay to Oakland, where Harry resumed a nightly preaching schedule. They resided there until 1929.

In 1903, Ironside accepted his first East Coast preaching invitation, but on returning, the family had only enough funds to make it as far as Salt Lake City, Utah, where he spent the next ten days doing street preaching. Just as the last of their money for a hotel ran out, they received an anonymous envelope with $15, enough to return to Oakland. In 1905, a second son, John Schofield Ironside, was born.

During this time, Ironside also began his career as a writer, publishing several Bible commentary pamphlets. In 1914, he rented a storefront and established the Western Book and Tract Company, which operated successfully until the Depression in the late 1920s. From 1916 to 1929, Ironside preached almost 7,000 sermons to over 1.25 million listeners. In 1918, he was associated with evangelist George McPherson; and in 1924, Ironside began preaching under the direction of the Moody Bible Institute. In 1926, he was invited to a full-time faculty position at the Dallas Theological Seminary, an offer he turned down, although he was frequently a visiting lecturer there from 1925 to 1943.

After preaching a series of sermons at the Moody Church in Chicago, Ironside was invited in 1929 to serve a trial year as pastor. The following year he became the official pastor, and he served there until 1948. He preached at Moody Church almost every Sunday, with the 4,000-seat auditorium filled to capacity. He continued to preach in other US cities as well; and in 1932, he began traveling abroad. In 1938, Ironside toured England, Scotland and Ireland, preaching 142 times, to crowds of upwards of 2,000. In 1942, he also became president of the missionary organization Africa Inland Mission. In 1935, Ironside preached the funeral of Billy Sunday at Moody Church.

In 1930, Wheaton College presented Ironside with an honorary Doctorate of Letters degree, and in 1942 Bob Jones University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree. In 2011, Bob Jones University renamed a residence hall that formerly honored Bibb Graves after Ironside. Bob Jones Jr. wrote that although Ironside was considered a dignified man, when one got to know him, "He had a terrific sense of humor. Nothing was more fun than to have a good meal in a home somewhere when Dr. Ironside was present. After he was full—he could eat a lot, and he ate faster than any man I ever saw, and his plate would be empty before everyone else got served—he would sit back, push his chair back from the table, and begin to tell funny stories and personal experiences." Never one to ask money for himself, Ironside was skilled at raising money for other evangelical causes and was often asked to take the offering at Bible conferences. He joked that his tombstone would read, "And the beggar died also."

A few months after he and his wife Helen celebrated their golden wedding anniversary, Helen died on May 1, 1948. Ironside resigned as pastor of Moody Church on May 30 and retired to Winona Lake, Indiana. On October 9, 1949, he married Annie Turner Hightower, of Thomaston, Georgia. He suffered from failing vision, and after surgery to restore it, he set out on November 2, 1950, for a preaching tour of New Zealand, once more among Brethren assemblies, but he died in Cambridge, New Zealand, on January 15, 1951, and was buried in Purewa Cemetery, Auckland.

Theological influence
Along with others such as Cyrus Scofield, he was influential in popularizing dispensationalism among Protestants in North America. Despite his lack of formal education, his mental capacity, photographic memory and zeal for his beliefs caused him to be called "the Archbishop of Fundamentalism".

Ironside was one of the most prolific Christian writers of the 20th century and published more than 100 books, booklets and pamphlets, a number of which are still in print. One editorial reviewer wrote of a 2005 re-publication, "Ironside's commentaries are a standard and have stood the test of time." Ironside also wrote a number of hymns, including "Overshadowed".

Works

Commentaries

In canonical order

Lectures on the Levitical Offerings (1929)
Addresses on the Book of Joshua (1950)
Notes on the Books of Ezra (1920)
Notes on the Books of Nehemiah (1913)
Notes on the Books of Esther (1905)
Notes on the Books of Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther (Compilation 1951)
Studies on Book One of the Psalms (1st edition 1952. Posthumous)
Notes on the Book of Proverbs (1908)
Addresses on the Song of Solomon (1933)
Expository Notes on the Prophet Isaiah (1949)
Notes on the Prophecy and Lamentations of Jeremiah (1906)
Expository Notes on Ezekiel the Prophet (1949)
Lectures on Daniel the Prophet (1st, 1911; 2nd, 1920)
Notes on the Minor Prophets (1909)
Expository Notes on the Gospel of Matthew (1948)
Expository Notes on the Gospel of Mark (1948)
Addresses on the Gospel of Luke (1947)
Addresses on the Gospel of John (1942)
Lectures on the Book of Acts (1943)
Lectures on the Epistle to the Romans (1926)
Addresses on the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1938)
Addresses on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (1939)
Expository Messages on the Epistle to the Galatians (1942)
In the Heavenlies: Practical Expository Addresses on the Epistle to the Ephesians (1937)
Notes on the Epistle to the Philippians (1922)
Lectures on the Epistle to the Colossians (1928)
Addresses on the First and Second Epistles of Thessalonians (1947)
Timothy, Titus and Philemon (1947)
Studies in the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Epistle to Titus (1932)
Expository Notes on the Epistles of James and Peter (1947)
Addresses on the Epistles of John and an Exposition of the Epistle of Jude (1949)
Lectures on the Book of Revelation (1919)

Books and booklets

In order by date of first publication

Baptism: What Saith the Scriptures (1901, 2nd edition 1915)
The Mysteries of God (1906)
Sailing with Paul (1913: Loizeaux Bros, NY)
The Four Hundred Silent Years (1914: Loizeaux Bros)
The Midnight Cry (1914: Loizeaux Bros; 4th edition 1928)
Letters to a Roman Catholic (1914: Loizeaux Bros)
Good News from a Far Country: Ten Gospel Sermons (1934: Eerdmans) (Contributed chapter 5, titled "The Blood of His Cross")
Eternal Security of the Believer (1934: Loizeaux Bros)
Things Seen and Heard in Bible Lands (1936: Loizeaux Bros)
Except Ye Repent (1937: American Tract Society)
The Crowning Day (1938)
Help for the Needy Soul (1938)
Wrongly Dividing the Word of Truth: Ultra-Dispensationalism Examined In The Light Of Holy Scripture (1938: 3rd edition, Loizeaux Bros) (A critique of the teachings of E. W. Bullinger and hyperdispensationalism)
Random Reminiscences from Fifty Years of Ministry (1939)
Changed by Beholding: and other sermons (1940)
The Way of Peace (1940)
A Historical Sketch of the Brethren Movement (1941: Loizeaux Bros)
Not Wrath but Rapture (1941: Loizeaux Bros)
The Continual Burnt Offering (1941: Jubilee Edition, Loizeaux Bros)
The Great Parenthesis (1943: Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI)
Holiness: The False and the True (1947: Loizeaux Bros)

Pamphlets and tracts

"The Mormon Mistake" (1896)
"The Stone that Will Fall from Heaven" (nd)

See also
Christian Perfection
Premillennialism
Christian Fundamentalism
R. A. Torrey
A. C. Dixon
Alan Redpath
Warren Wiersbe
G. Campbell Morgan
Gipsy Smith

Notes

References
 English, E. Schuyler, H.A. Ironside, Ordained of the Lord, Loizeaux Bros (1976) .
 Reese, Edward, The Life and Ministry of Harry Ironside, Fundamental Publishers (1976).
 Hoke, Donald E. Life Story of Harry Ironside. Christian Supply Center (1944).
 Short biography of Ironside, Wholesome Words, Stephen Ross.
 Ironside, "Eternal Security of the Believer".
 Ironside reminiscences, Wholesome Words.
 "Harry A. Ironside (1876 – 1951)",The Brethren Writers Hall of Fame, Alan Newble.
 Ironside, Harry A., Holiness: The False And The True, Pickering & Inglis (1959). The first two parts of this book are autobiographical.
 Ironside, Harry A., Random Reminiscences from Fifty Years of Preaching (Fundamentalism in American Religion, 1880-1950), Garland Science (1988), . A few selections from this are posted online at .
 Pugmire, Herbert J. Dr. Ironside's Bible: Notes and Quotes from the Margins. Neptune, NJ: Loizeaux Bros, 1955.

1876 births
1951 deaths
19th-century evangelicals
19th-century theologians
20th-century evangelicals
20th-century theologians
American evangelicals
American Plymouth Brethren
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian evangelicals
Canadian Plymouth Brethren
Canadian Salvationists
Christian fundamentalists
Dispensationalism
Evangelical theologians
People from Old Toronto
Wheaton College (Illinois) alumni

Harry A. Ironside


FLOPS is an acronym for "Floating point Operations per Second". The FLOPS is a measure of a computer's performance, especially in the fields of calculations that make heavy use of floating point calculations. It is like the older measure of instructions per second.

Computing
Units of frequency

FLOPS


Ridgeley is a town in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States, and part of the Cumberland Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 590 at the 2020 census.

Ridgeley was initially known as St. Clairsville, named for Sir John St Clair, Lt Colonel and Quartermaster General for the British General Edward Braddock. St Clair accompanied Braddock on his ill-fated march on Fort Duquesne and his disastrous defeat on July 9, 1755. It was incorporated as Ridgeley on November 28, 1914, named for the former owners of the land upon which the town was built.

Geography
Ridgeley is located at  (39.643187, -78.769189), along the North Branch of the Potomac River, opposite Cumberland, Maryland.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water.

Transportation

The main road providing access to the town is West Virginia Route 28 Alternate. WV 28 Alt connects southward to West Virginia Route 28, which leads to Romney. To the north, WV 28 Alt crosses the Blue Bridge into Cumberland, Maryland. The nearest Interstate and U.S. highways are Interstate 68, U.S. Route 40 and U.S. Route 220, all of which are located in Cumberland.

Geology
The type locality of the Ridgeley Member of the Old Port Formation is located in the town.  The Ridgeley name is given to local sandstone in honor of Ridgeley, WV, the far eastern boundary of the formation. It is primarily a sandstone, and is quarried locally.

Demographics

As of 2000 the median household income was $26,016 and the median family income was $36,042. Males had a median income of $29,250 compared with $20,227 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,199. About 13.3% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 675 people, 301 households, and 180 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 377 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 92.4% White, 0.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 4.1% Asian, and 2.5% from two or more races.

There were 301 households, of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the town was 40.8 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 19.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 45.6% male and 54.4% female.

Education
Ridgeley is within the Mineral County Schools district. Frankfort High School is located near Short Gap and contains the grades 9-12.

History
The land on which the town is built was originally conveyed from Thomas Lord Fairfax to George Mason in 1749. In 1750, the first frontier fort, Fort Ohio, was built at Ridgeley. It was, at the time, the westernmost outpost of colonial civilization  and was most commonly referred to as the "New Store" settlement at the time.  The New Store was primarily a trading post created by the Ohio Company which included prominent members including George Mason and Lawrence Washington. Christopher Gist was in charge of construction of "New Store"  which was just over what is now the Blue Bridge leading into Ridgeley from  Cumberland.  The settlement was used as a headquarters for traders and trappers from 1750 and 1763, and also served as a local fort outpost to shelter travelers or workers in the event of an Indian attack. Early Ohio Company residents who worked at the settlement (and who explored the surrounding countryside) included Hugh Parker and Christopher Gist. According to a history of the time, there were no white settlers in the area at this point. Lowdermilk's 1878 history reflects that at this point, the area was on the very outside of civilization; in fact, Lowdermilk refers to it as the "very outskirts of civilization. The country beyond was an unbroken and almost pathless wilderness. It was separated by many miles of tortuous mountain roads from the settlements in the east".

In May 1754, George Washington led a company of troops to meet Joshua Fry at the storehouses at Fort Ohio. Fry was a colonel and commander in the Virginia Militia. He was to take command of the forces sent to the frontier. Fry was thrown from his horse on the way to the fort and died. Washington's notes reflected that Fry was carefully tended to but died, and was buried "on the hill", which is what the area around Fort Ohio (now Ridgeley) was referred to at that time. Washington then took command of the troops, his first military command. Washington staged an attack from Fort Ohio against a French detachment of 40 men that resulted in the death of French diplomat Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, who had been alleged to be a spy. De Jumonville's brother in law confronted Washington, who eventually signed a document asserting that he had "assassinated" du Jumonville. The document was in French, which Washington could not read; eventually Washington stated that he had signed the document to get himself and his troops safely released and out of the terrible weather. The killing of du Jumonville is considered to have been the first shot fired in the French and Indian War.

In spring 1755, Washington returned to the area to prepare for General Edward Braddock's attack on Fort Duquesne (commonly referred to as Braddock's March). Fort Cumberland was under construction at the time, and was used as the center of planning for the attack, while Fort Ohio was commandeered and used as well. Both a young Daniel Boone (age 21) and Daniel Morgan (age 20) worked in the area to plan and carry out the ill-fated assault.

When Fort Cumberland was all but abandoned in 1763, the Ohio Company reclaimed the land and put it up for sale. Eventually, the land was conveyed to James McCubbin Lingan in 1785, then to Captain George Calmes in 1803. Calmes built a mansion on the property. The land and home passed down through George Calmes' family through most of the 1800s. Late in that century, portions of the town began to be subdivided for housing and business use. In 1905, a group leased the Calmes Mansion and created the Potomac Club, which operated in Ridgeley as an important tennis and boating club until 1919.

In 1887, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway built yards and tracks in Ridgeley.  In 1904, the West Virginia Central became the Western Maryland Railroad. The town developed as a blue collar community, many of whose residents worked for the railroad. For most of its history, it had been called alternately "St. Clairsville" or "Sinclairsville," but upon incorporation in 1914, it was renamed Ridgeley after Charles Ridgeley (1822–1897) a prominent early resident and businessman.

The town grew throughout the early part of the 20th century to be a vibrant blue-collar community of schools, churches and businesses.  Serious flooding from the Potomac River was a challenge to the town until the Army Corps of Engineers completed a major flood control project in the 1950s. During the 1970s and 1980s, as the Mineral County Schools system consolidated schools in the area, all the in town schools were closed, challenging Ridgeley's cohesiveness as a community.

In May 2013 Ridgeley mayor James L. Twigg was indicted on eight felony charges in connection with the alleged misuse of the city's purchasing card. He pleaded guilty that October to four misdemeanor counts of failing to perform his duties.

References

Sources
 Clites, Gary, Ridgeley and Carpendale, West Virginia From 1750: A History, Knobley Mountain Press, , 2008

Towns in Mineral County, West Virginia
Towns in West Virginia
Populated places in the Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Populated places on the North Branch Potomac River

Ridgeley, West Virginia


Niutoua is a village in Tongatapu, Tonga. It is located close to the Ha'amonga 'a Maui stone on the extreme northeast corner of the island.  It was the first capital of the Tu'i Tonga Empire. It had a population of 671 in 2016.

Niutoua was the famous residence of the Tu'itonga. Before Niutoua. It was called Heketa.

Places of Interest:
 Ha'amonga a Maui (Uasila'a)
 Maka Faakinanga - Tokotoko ko ta'ofi tangata
 Siale Hae Vala (Siale Fakatoupikoi)
 Tuitui a Tamale
 Maka Fekau
 Tukunga'akau ta
 Vai tu'u lilo (Fakalongo-ki-kafa)
 Fanga ko Fele-a-kie
 Hala Silopa
 Utulongoa'a

Utulongoa'a: From the Ha'amonga trilithon, behind sits the Maka Faakinanga or the leaning rock in which Tu'itatui leant on. It was like his throne. Behind this Throne was the ancient residence of Heketa. Behind this residence is the Utulongoa'a or "noisy cliff". It has been confirmed by Tamale Maka but also Nuku Moimoiangaha that the Utulongoa'a has originated from Niutoua but the name was gifted to Nuku's first son whose mother was Tamale's daughter.  Before the King's daughter Fatafehi moved to Lapaha, she stayed in Heketa. But moved because of the noisy cliffs.

References

Capitals of former nations

Niutoua


Santa Maria Maggiore is a church in Rome, Italy. It is also called Santa Maria della Neve, Santa Maria ad praesepe, or Basilica Liberii. It is located near the main railway station, Roma Termini. There are over 40 churches dedicated to Mary in Rome. Santa Maria Maggiore is the most important of these. The church was built in the 5th century. It is a basilica major.

Churches in Rome
1st millennium buildings and structures
5th century

Santa Maria Maggiore


Griot Galaxy was an avant-garde jazz band led by Detroit saxophonist and poet Faruq Z. Bey. The band was founded in 1972 with drummer Tariq Samad, bassist Jaribu Shahid, and saxophonists Bey, Anthony Holland and David McMurray. Their first recorded appearance is often cited as coming from a 1976 album by Phil Ranelin entitled Vibes from the Tribe. Bey is featured with Ranelin on a track called He the One We All Know with drummer Tariq Samad and David Abdul Kahafiz on zeetar. Bey is credited as Faruk Hanif Bey.

The first recording by Griot Galaxy proper was 1981's Kins, released on Black and White Records. In 1983, two tracks appeared on an LP called The Montreux Detroit Collection, vol. 3: Motor City Modernists, recorded at Detroit's Montreux Jazz Festival. A 1983 performance at the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA) was recorded, but shelved until it was released by Entropy Stereo in 2003.

Throughout 1984, Griot Galaxy toured extensively in Europe. A live recording from Austria was released as Opus Krampus by the German label Sound Aspects. This was the last recording of the group, which officially disbanded in 1989 after Bey was involved in a serious motorcycle accident five years prior.

References

American jazz ensembles from Michigan
Musical groups from Detroit
Jazz musicians from Michigan
1972 establishments in Michigan

Griot Galaxy


A contour canal is an artificially-dug navigable canal which closely follows the contour line of the land it traverses, in order to avoid costly engineering works such as:

 Digging a cutting or tunnel through higher ground;
 Building an embankment or aqueduct over lower ground, or;
 Constructing a canal lock (or series of locks) to change the level of the canal.

Because of this, these canals are characterised by their meandering course.

In the United Kingdom, many of the canals built in the period from 1770 to 1800 were contour canals - for example, the Thames & Severn Canal completed in 1789, and the Oxford Canal completed in 1790. Later canals tended to be much straighter and more direct - a good example is the Shropshire Union Canal engineered by Thomas Telford.

See also
Canals of the United Kingdom
Grand Contour Canal - proposed, but never built
Lingqu Canal - the oldest contour canal in the world

Notes

References
Day, Lance and Ian McNeil. (1996). Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology. New York: Routledge. .

Canals

Contour canal


Mirza Sahiban is a famous tragic love story from Punjab, a region in South Asia. It is a tale of two lovers, Mirza and Sahiban, whose love was doomed due to social conventions and family pressures.

According to the legend, Mirza and Sahiban grew up together in a small village in Punjab. They were childhood friends who eventually fell in love with each other. However, Sahiban's brothers disapproved of their relationship, as Mirza was from a rival tribe. Despite their families' objections, Mirza and Sahiban continued to meet secretly and profess their love for each other.

One day, when Mirza was away from the village on a hunting trip, Sahiban's brothers arranged her marriage to someone else. Sahiban was heartbroken and desperate to escape the arranged marriage. She sent a message to Mirza, asking him to come and rescue her.

Mirza, who was deeply in love with Sahiban, immediately returned to the village to save her. He rode his horse towards Sahiban's house to take her away, but Sahiban's brothers had already anticipated his move. They had hidden behind bushes with bows and arrows, waiting to ambush Mirza.

The story of Mirza Sahiban has been told and retold in various forms of literature, music, and theater. It is often cited as a tragic example of how love can be thwarted by societal norms and family obligations.

Mirza Sahiban


Northern Yuma County Union High School was the high school for northern Yuma County, Arizona (now La Paz County). It had branches in Parker and Salome by the mid-1950s. Both eventually were spun off into their own high schools, Parker High School and Salome High School, by the late 1950s. Parker kept the mascot, yearbook name (La Reata), and other traditions.

Former high schools in Arizona

Northern Yuma County Union High School