Scott Randall Buck is an American television writer. Buck has written for several television series including Six Feet Under, Rome, Showtime's Dexter, Everybody Loves Raymond, Coach, Inhumans, The Oblongs and Iron Fist.

Career
Buck began his career as a sitcom writer. He joined the staff of HBO's Six Feet Under as a writer and supervising producer in 2002 for the show's second season. He wrote the second season episode "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year". He remained a supervising producer for the third season in 2003 and wrote two further episodes "You Never Know" and "Everyone Leaves". He was promoted to co-executive producer for the fourth season in 2004. He wrote two more episodes "That's My Dog" and "Bomb Shelter". He was nominated for both an individual WGA award, as well as WGA awards for Best Writing Staff. He received a Peabody Award for his work on Six Feet Under. He remained a co-executive producer for the fifth and final season in 2005 and contributed two more episodes – "Dancing for Me" and "Singing For Our Lives". He contributed seven episodes to the series in total.

Buck worked as a co-executive producer on the second season of HBO's Rome in 2007. He wrote two episodes for the series ("These Being the Words of Marcus Tullius Cicero" and "Death Mask") before it was canceled.

He moved on to work as a co-executive producer and writer on the second season of Showtime's Dexter later in 2007, remaining as a co-executive producer for the third season in 2008, and an executive producer for the fourth season in 2009. In 2008, 2009 and 2010, Dexter was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Dramatic Series (with the writing team including Buck credited on the nomination) but lost to The Wire and Mad Men. Buck was promoted to showrunner in season six of Dexter, and served in that role for the show's last three seasons.

In December 2015, Buck was hired to serve as showrunner and executive producer for the Marvel and Netflix television series Iron Fist.  In December 2016, Buck was named showrunner and executive producer for the Marvel, IMAX Corporation, and ABC television series Inhumans. Inhumans premiered in September 2017, and ran for one season of a planned three before cancellation. Both Iron Fist and Inhumans received overwhelmingly negative reviews.

References

External links

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American television writers
American male television writers
American television producers

Scott Buck


Chlorophyta are a division of green algae.

It includes about 7,000 species of mostly aquatic photosynthetic eukaryote organisms.

Like the land plants, green algae contain chlorophylls a and b, and store food as starch in their plastids. Most species are flagellate in at least one stage of their life cycle.

They are related to the Charophyceae (also called Charophyta) and land plants, together making up the Viridiplantae.

The division contains both unicellular and multicellular species. While most species live in freshwater habitats and a large number in marine habitats, other species are adapted to a wide range of environments. Watermelon snow, or Chlamydomonas nivalis, lives on summer alpine snowfields. Others live attached to rocks or woody parts of trees. Some lichens are symbiotic relationships between fungi and green algae.

Members of the Chlorophyta also form symbiotic relationships with protozoa, sponges and cnidarians. Some conduct sexual reproduction.

References

Algae

Chlorophyta


The Mercedes-Benz W124 is a range of mid-size cars made by Daimler-Benz from 1984 to 1997. The range included numerous body configurations, and though collectively referred to as the W-124, official internal chassis designations varied by body style: saloon (W 124);  estate (S 124); coupé (C 124); cabriolet (A 124); limousine (V 124); rolling chassis (F 124); and long-wheelbase rolling chassis (VF 124).

From 1993, the 124 series was officially marketed as the E-Class. The W 124 followed the 123 series from 1984 and was succeeded by the W 210 E-Class (saloons, estates, rolling chassis) after 1995, and the C 208 CLK-Class (coupés, and cabriolets) in 1997.

In North America, the W124 was launched in early November 1985 as a 1986 model and marketed through the 1995 model year. Series production began at the beginning of November 1984, with press presentation on Monday, 26 November 1984 in Seville, Spain, and customer deliveries and European market launch starting in January 1985.

History

The W124 was a mid-sized vehicle platform, which entered planning in the autumn of 1976 under development Hans Scherenberg. In July 1977, the W124 program officially began, with R&D commencing work under newly appointed Werner Breitschwerdt. In April 1978, decisions were made to base it on the Mercedes-Benz W201 model program. By April 1979, a package plan was completed for the program, laying out the guidelines of the project. During the winter of 1980–1981, the final exterior for the W124 program was completed, chosen as the leading proposal by design director Bruno Sacco, and approved by the board of management in early 1981. By mid-1982, the first prototypes reflective of the production design, were assembled and sent to testing. In March 1984, pilot production commenced and development of the sedan concluded with engineering sign-off.

Front suspension used a separate spring and damper with a rubber top mount. The rear suspension of the W124 featured the Mercedes multi-link axle introduced in 1982 with the Mercedes W201 and which is now standard on many modern cars. Estate cars (and optionally, saloons and coupés) had Citroën-like rear self-leveling suspension with suspension struts rather than shock absorbers, gas-filled suspension spheres to provide damping and an under bonnet pressurizing pump. Unlike the traditional Citroën application, the Mercedes suspension system had a fixed ride height and employed rear coil springs to maintain the static ride height when parked.

The W124 was the first Mercedes series to be fitted with the iconic 15-hole, flat-faced alloy wheels characteristic of Mercedes-Benz cars of the 1980s and 1990s. The alloy wheels were nicknamed 'gullideckel' or manhole covers, because they resemble manhole or drainage covers in Germany, which are consistently round in shape with a series of 15- or 16-holes around the outer edge, often within a concentric ring. Gullideckel wheels in a variety of diameter and offset specifications were later incorporated into the facelift versions of the W126 S-Class, R107 SL and W201 190E series, and were also the 'non-option' wheel on the R129 SL-Class roadster.

Much of the 124's engineering and many of its features were advanced automotive technology at its introduction, incorporating innovations that have been adopted throughout the industry. It had one of the lowest coefficient of drag (Cd) of any vehicle of the time (0.28 for the 200/200D model for the European market with 185/65 R15 tires) due to its aerodynamic body, that included plastic molding for the undercarriage to streamline airflow beneath the car, reducing fuel consumption and wind noise. It had a single windscreen wiper that had an eccentric mechanism at its base that extended the wiper's reach to the top corners of the windscreen (more than if it had traveled in a simple arc). The saloon/sedan, coupés and convertibles had optional rear headrests that would fold down remotely to improve rearward visibility when required. This feature was not available for the T-model because of its specific layout (no space to store the retractable headrests), but the estate serially came with a "neighbour-friendly" rear door that was pulled in the shut-position silently and automatically by a sensor-controlled servomotor. This allowed the use of a tighter fitting rear gate, minimizing the cabin noise in the T-model - sometimes an area of concern for station wagons.

The estate cars (chassis designation S124) came in 5 or 7-seat models, the 7-seater having a rear-facing bench seat that folded flush luggage compartment cover and an optional (in the US until 1994) retractable cargo net. To provide a flat loading floor with the seat folded down, the T-model's rear seat squab was mounted about  higher than in saloons, robbing rear seat passengers of some head room. The S124 estate continued in production alongside the new W210 until the S210 estate launched more than a year later. A two-door coupé version was also built, with the chassis designation C124.

The E 320, E 220, and E 200 cabriolets ceased production in 1997. Indian assembly (in a joint-venture with Telco called Mercedes-Benz India) began in March 1995. Offered with five-cylinder diesel engines built by Mercedes' Indian partner Bajaj Tempo, the W124 was replaced there in December 1997.

Models
The pre-facelift models from 1985 to 1993 used the model designations: 200/200 T (carburettor), 200 E/200 TE (originally intended for Italian market due to Italy's tax rates on cars larger than 2 liters; available in Germany since September 1988), 200 CE, 230 E/230 TE, 230 CE, 260 E (saloon only), 300 E/TE, 300 CE, 300 E-24/300 CE-24/300 TE-24 valve, 400 E (not in the UK), & 500 E (LHD only in the UK). Diesel models consisted of the following designations; the 200 D/200 TD (not in the UK), 250 D/250 TD and the 300 D/300 TD. Facelift models produced from 1993 to 1996 used the following model designations: E 200, E 220, E 280, E 320, E 420 (not in the UK) & E 500 (LHD only in the UK). Both saloon and estate versions of the facelifted model carried the same model designation on their boot lid, i.e. the T was no longer used for estate versions. In the UK post-facelift diesels were E 250 Diesel (saloon only) and E 300 Diesel (saloon & estate) models. The W124 was also offered as a long wheelbase saloon targeted for taxi companies, but the more luxury equipped version was also used as a limousine.

The table gives preproduction to end of production as per Daimler. Daimler lists November 1984 as the start of production for the series but also lists 1985 as part of preproduction for any specific early model. No regular deliveries occurred in 1984.

Dimensions and weight

Gallery (Pre-facelift)

Gallery (Post-facelift)

500 E

Mercedes-Benz sold a high performance version of the W124, the 500 E, created in close cooperation with and assembled by Porsche. It used the 5.0 L 32-valve V8 M119 Engine based on the engine from the 500 SL (R129) roadster. Porsche engineered the suspension and chassis design with a performance bias. Mercedes entered an agreement with Porsche to assemble the vehicles at their plant in Zuffenhausen, as the automaker was in crisis, and its factory capacitiy was underutilized.
Porsche also constructed the chassis for the 400 E, which was in essence identical to the 500 E's chassis.

Masterpiece

In some countries, the final batch of W124 was sold as the limited edition Masterpiece in 1995. Following the impending release of its successor, the Mercedes-Benz W210, the remaining units of W124 were fitted with additional accessories found in stock models such as walnut wood steering wheel (optional), airbag for front passenger, walnut center console glove box, electric rear blind and rear seat side window sunshade (optional). There were also 4 unique pieces of accessories fitted to Masterpieces which were not available to any other W124 around the world – gear knob engraved with the word Masterpiece, stainless door sills engraved with Mercedes Benz, Masterpiece label on the right side of the boot and the brand new 6-hole light alloy wheels.

Engines

Build quality

The W124 gained a good reputation for reliability. In 1995 the diesel engined version topped the "upper middle class" category in a reliability survey of 4–6-year-old cars undertaken by the German Automobile Association (ADAC), with 11.8 recorded breakdowns per 1,000 vehicles for four-year-old cars and 21.6 for six-year-old ones: this compared with 14.6 breakdowns per 1,000 cars for four-year-old Audi 100s and 27.3 for six-year-old big Audis.

References

Notes

Bibliography

General

Workshop manuals

External links

 Curbside Classic: Mercedes W124 (1985–1996 E-Class) The Best Car Of The Past Thirty Years – retrospective of the W124
 http://www.w124.org French speaking club for all Mercedes W124 (1984–1996)

W124
W124
Cars introduced in 1984
1990s cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Sedans
Station wagons
Coupés
Convertibles
Limousines
Cars discontinued in 1997

Mercedes-Benz W124


Cristina, daughter of Edward the Exile and Agatha, was the sister of Edgar Ætheling and Saint Margaret of Scotland, born in the 1040s. Cristina's nieces Edith and Mary were sent to Romsey Abbey, near Southampton, in 1086 when she was abbess.

Life
Cristina came to the Kingdom of England with her family in 1057, from Hungary. Along with her siblings, she went into exile in the Kingdom of Scotland, at the court of Malcolm III, her future brother-in-law.

At some time before 1086, Cristina returned to England, and entered the nunnery at Romsey Abbey, where she tutored her nieces Edith and Mary.

Edith gave testimony to a conclave of bishops summoned by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury to determine whether Edith could lawfully marry Henry I of England.  During that enquiry she stated that she had never taken holy vows, insisting that her parents had sent her and her sister to England for educational purposes, and that her aunt Cristina had veiled her to protect her "from the lust of the Normans." Edith claimed she had pulled the veil off and stamped on it, and that Cristina had beaten and scolded her for it.

Cristina's land-holdings in Ulverley, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire are recorded in the Domesday Book. The date of her death is not known, but she does not appear to have given evidence to the conclave, suggesting she died sometime before 1100. Additional evidence of her death includes the transfer before 1093 of her nieces to Wilton Abbey for further education and the appointment of Eadgyth as the next abbess of Romsey Abbey.

Notes

References
 Dunlop, Eileen, Queen Margaret of Scotland. National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2005.
 Henson, Donald, The English Elite in 1066. Anglo-Saxon Books, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 2001.

External links

Anglo-Saxon royalty
Anglo-Saxon nuns
1040s births
11th-century deaths
House of Wessex
English princesses
11th-century English nuns
11th-century Christian nuns

Cristina (daughter of Edward the Exile)


Gregorio Allegri (1582 – February 7, 1652),  was an Italian composer and priest. He wrote a large number of religious pieces, including motets and several settings of the Mass. His best known compositions is the Miserere mei Deus.

From 1591 to 1596 Allegri was employed in a church choir in Rome. In 1601 he became a tenor in the choir. He studied music and composing with the director of the choir, G. B. Nannio. He moved around to a number of different churches in Rome, before joining the choir at the Vatican in 1629. This was the choir that performed in the Sistine Chapel for the pope. he was made the director of the choir in 1650. Pope Urban VIII had rewritten some of the texts used in the religious services. Allegri was given the job of editing Giovanni da Palestrina's music so that it would fit with the new words. He was seen as an expert in the old style, even though some of his music was written in the new baroque style.

Misere mei Deus

Miserere mei, Deus is a motet written to be sung by two choirs. One choir is five voices - soprano, alto, two tenors and bass. The second choir has two sopranos, alto and baritone. One choir sings a simple kind of tune called a fauxbourdon which is based on a plainchant. The other sings a more complicated version, with a top part which goes up to top C (the note two octaves higher than Middle C). The singers also improvised some parts of the music, making up elaborate ornamented parts. These improvisations were not written down, but were passed from singer to singer in the choir.

Allegri wrote the Miserere to be sung in the Sistine Chapel during the Easter celebrations. During the service, which started at 3.00am, there would be 27 candles burning. The Pope would gradually extinguish the candles until there was only one left burning. The Miserere was performed as the pope prayed at the altar with the single candle.

This piece of music became very popular, and the Vatican did not want anyone else to perform it. No one was allowed to take the music away from the chapel or make copies of it. The Vatican called for excommunication of anyone trying to make a copy. However by 1770 there were three known copies of the music. One of these was given to the Emperor Leopold I by the pope. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart visited the Sistine Chapel during a tour of Europe with his father in 1770. He was just 14 years old, but heard the piece and wrote all the music out from memory later the same day. A second visit enabled him to check that he had it written correctly.  It is believed that Mozart's copy of the music was sent to England where it was published by Dr Charles Burney. It would be assumed that Mozart would have written the improvisations in his copy. Burney's version lacks the improvisations, so it possible that he removed them, and destroyed Mozart's copy to avoid trouble with the church. There were no copyright laws in those days, so there was nothing that the Vatican could do about it.

It is believed that the version of the Miserere mei Deus performed today, is very different to the work that Allegri composed.

References

1582 births
1652 deaths
Baroque composers
17th-century Italian composers
Musicians from Rome
Italian Roman Catholic priests

Gregorio Allegri


Hampshire College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts. It was opened in 1970 as an experiment in alternative education, in association with four other colleges in the Pioneer Valley: Amherst College, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Together they are known as the Five College Consortium. The campus also houses the National Yiddish Book Center and Eric Carle Museum, and hosts the annual Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics.

The college has an alternative curriculum, self-directed academic concentrations, progressive politics, focus on portfolios rather than distribution requirements, and reliance on narrative evaluations instead of grades and GPAs. Sixty-five percent of its alumni have at least one graduate degree and a quarter have founded their own business or organization.

In January 2019, following the announcement that the college would seek a merger with another institution, the college received backlash from students and faculty and announced a re-envisioning project to ensure the college remain independent and sustainable. As a result of the controversy, President Miriam Nelson stepped down; Hampshire hired its tenth president, Edward Wingenbach, beginning an effort to revise the curriculum in order to increase interdisciplinarity, collaboration, and access.

History

The idea for Hampshire College originated in 1958 when the presidents of Amherst, Mount Holyoke, Smith Colleges, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst appointed a committee to examine the assumptions and practices of liberal arts education. Their report, "The New College Plan", advocated many of the features that have since been realized in the Hampshire curriculum: inviting students to self-design their program of studies; training students to be able to educate themselves through their lifetimes; emphasis on each student's curiosity and motivation; learning among and across multiple disciplines; and close mentoring relationships with teachers.

In 1965, Amherst College alumnus Harold F. Johnson, inspired by the New College Plan, donated $6 million toward the founding of Hampshire College. With a matching grant from the Ford Foundation, Hampshire's first trustees purchased  of orchard and farmland in South Amherst, Massachusetts, and construction began.

One of the most important founding documents of Hampshire College is the book The Making of a College (MIT Press, 1967; ), co-written by the College's first president, Franklin Patterson, together with Hampshire's founding employee from Amherst College who would become its second president, Chuck Longsworth.  The Making of a College is (as of 2003) out of print but available in electronic form from the Hampshire College Archives.

Hampshire admitted its first students in 1970. For several years immediately after its founding in the early 1970s, the large number of applications for matriculation caused Hampshire College to be among the most selective undergraduate programs in the United States. Its admissions selectivity declined after that because of declining application popularity. The school's number of applications increased again in the late 1990s, causing increased admissions selectivity.

The school has been financially challenged throughout its history, largely because it lacked a founding endowment to rely on for income stability. It has relied substantially on tuition income for operations. As of June 30, 2017, the endowment had risen to $48.5 million. In recent years, the school has been on more solid financial footing, though still lacking a sizable endowment. In recent years its financial stability has relied on fundraising efforts led by its seventh president, Jonathan Lash.

In the mid-1990s, the college began establishing a "cultural village" making possible the residence of independent non-profit organizations on its campus. The cultural village includes the National Yiddish Book Center, the Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art and The Hitchcock Center for the Environment.

Adele Simmons served as the College's third president from 1977 to 1989. Gregory Prince served as its fourth president from 1989 to 2005, the longest tenure of any Hampshire president.

On April 1, 2004, Prince announced his retirement, effective at the end of the 2004–2005 academic year. On April 5, 2005, the Board of Trustees named Ralph Hexter, formerly a dean at University of California, Berkeley's College of Letters and Science, as the college's next president, effective August 1, 2005.  Hexter was inaugurated on October 15, 2005. The appointment made Hampshire one of a small number of colleges and universities in the United States with an openly gay president.

Professor Marlene Gerber Fried was interim president from 2010 to 2011. Jonathan Lash was named the sixth president of the College in May 2011, joining Hampshire as an internationally recognized expert on global sustainability, climate change, and environmental challenges and solutions. Two US Presidents have appointed him to serve on a national environmental council and commission. Lash served until 2018 and was followed by the college's seventh president, Miriam Nelson, who began her appointment in July 2018 but resigned in April 2019 after the failure of her plan for Hampshire to merge or partner with another institution.

The Hampshire College Archives in the Harold F. Johnson Library has extensively documented the college's history between 1965 and 2005, accessible on the college's Web site.

On August 23, 2012, the school announced the establishment of a scholarship fund dedicated to helping undocumented students get degrees. It would give more than $25,000 yearly to help an undocumented student pay for the $43,000-plus tuition.

2019 strategic partnership and financial challenges
On January 15, 2019, president Miriam Nelson and the Board of Trustees announced that the college was planning to seek a strategic partner to ensure long-term sustainability due to financial instability and small endowment. In addition, the college was considering not accepting a new first-year class for Fall 2019, due to concerns with compliance and accreditation. On February 1, the board of trustees voted that, for the Fall 2019 semester, it would only be admitting about 60 students who had already been offered early admission or who had previously deferred admission until Fall 2019. Furthermore, early admission students were released from their pledge to attend Hampshire College.

Some alumni protested these decisions, as did many students, who organized sit-ins in the Dean of Students office and the Office of the President, demanding more transparency from the administration and board of trustees and for student, staff, and faculty voices to be taken into account in decision-making processes. The occupation in the Dean of Students office ended after a few weeks, and the sit-in in the president's office lasted for 75 days, ending on April 22, 2019.

Following an announcement of the possibility that 30%–50% of the faculty and staff might be laid off, the faculty held a vote of no confidence in President Nelson, the board chair, the board vice chair, the incoming board chair, the board treasurer, and the vice president for finance and administration. Because a binding motion is required to be public for seven days before it is acted on, the February 20 no-confidence vote was not binding. A week later, the majority of the faculty decided not to move forward with a binding vote of no confidence.

On March 31, the chair of the board of trustees resigned. On April 5, Miriam Nelson, the Board's Vice Chair, and six other trustees resigned. Nelson said that her continued presence would be a "distraction" from the necessary work of improving the college's financial future. Shortly afterwards, the board announced the decision to prioritize remaining independent through a capital campaign led by alumnus Ken Burns. Ken Rosenthal was named interim president. The first round of layoffs primarily affected the admissions and fundraising offices, effective April 19, 2019. Ed Wingenbach became the new president in August.

Gradually, more information was released on what had happened. In February, following a public records request, the University of Massachusetts Amherst released emails between its chancelor and Hampshire's president discussing a partnership between the two schools, later confirmed by UMass' president. By August, emails were released stating that, UMass was considering the idea but only if Hampshire would be closed entirely and there were massive layoffs of its faculty. Hampshire wanted its name and its "spirit of interdisciplinary and independent studies" to continue, its students would be able to constinue their studies at UMass, and that Hampshire's staff and faculty would be considered for positions at UMass. Ultimately, UMass and Hampshire could not come to an agreement.

In September 2019, the first-year class was 13 students. Total enrollment was around 750 students, substantially less than typical, due to decreased retention rates.

How Hampshire is rebuilding
The fundraising campaign, Change in the Making: A Campaign for Hampshire was launched in late 2019 with the goal of raising $60 million in unrestricted operating support by 2024. By March 2023, nearly $40 million had been raised. Alumnus documentarian Ken Burns committed to serve as cochair. In November 2020, Hampshire received its largest single donation since its founding, $5 million, by alumnus James S. Crown and his wife, Paula H. Crown.  Later than month, alumnus Dr. Lucy McFadden contributed $2 million. In January 2022, The College received an anonymous gift of $5 million to fund the Ken Burns Initiative to Transform Higher Education. In January 2023, Stonyfield Yogurt cofounder and Hampshire alumnus Gary Hirshberg invested $1 million in the campaign.

In 2021, the College rebuilt its admissions operations, resulting in a 68 percent increase in enrollment over fall 2020 and a 100 percent increase in first-year enrollments over 2020. In fall of 2022, Hampshire welcomed its largest entering class since 2018, with 275 new students.

In 2020, continuing its legacy of innovation, Hampshire did away with departmental structures, reorganizing around urgent, global challenges like climate change, white supremacy, and life in a "post-truth" era.

Delayed a year due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Hampshire celebrated its 50th anniversary over the weekend of October 15–17, 2021, welcoming back to campus almost 900 guests, among them alums, families, community friends, donors, and former presidents and faculty members. Current staff, faculty, and students also participated in the festivities.

On March 9, 2023 "in response to the continuing attacks on New College of Florida intended to limit intellectual exploration, turn back progress toward inclusion, and curtail open discussion of race, injustice, and histories of oppression," Hampshire College extended an invitation of admission to its students, matching their current cost of tuition.

Presidents
 Franklin Patterson (1966–1971)
 Charles R. Longsworth (1971–1977)
 Adele S. Simmons (1977–1989)
 Gregory S. Prince, Jr. (1989–2005)
 Ralph J. Hexter (2005–2010)
 Marlene Gerber Fried (2010–2011) (interim)
 Jonathan Lash (2011–2018)
 Miriam E. Nelson (2018–2019)
 Kenneth Rosenthal (2019) (interim)
 Edward Wingenbach (2019–present)

Athletics
Hampshire athletic teams are the Black Sheep. The college is a member of the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), primarily competing in the Yankee Small College Conference (YSCC) since the 2011–12 academic year.

Hampshire competes in eight intercollegiate varsity sports, including basketball, cross country, soccer, and track & field.

Academics and resources

Curriculum
Hampshire College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. Hampshire College describes itself as "experimenting" rather than "experimental", to emphasize the changing nature of its curriculum. From its inception, the curriculum has generally had certain non-traditional features:
 An emphasis on project work as well as, or instead of, courses
 Detailed written evaluations (as well as portfolio evaluations) for completed courses and projects, rather than letter or number grades
 A curriculum centered on student interests, with students taking an active role in designing their own concentrations and projects
 An emphasis on independent motivation and student organization, both within and without the college's formal curriculum

The curriculum is divided into three "divisions" rather than four grade-years:
 Division I: Exploration and Working Across Disciplines
 Division II: Concentration
 Division III: Creating Knowledge

Its most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:
Creative Writing (33)
Art/Art Studies (20)
Film/Video & Photographic Arts (14)
Sociology (10)

Schools and programs

The Hampshire College faculty are organized broadly in defined Schools of thought:
 Cognitive Science (CS): includes linguistics, most psychology, some philosophy, neuroscience, and computer science.
 Humanities, Arts, and Cultural Studies (HACU): includes film, some studio arts, literature, media studies, architecture, art history, dance, music, and most philosophy.
 Critical Social Inquiry (CSI): includes most sociology and anthropology, economics, history, politics, and some psychology.
 Natural Science (NS): includes most traditional sciences, mathematics, and biological anthropology.
 Interdisciplinary Arts (IA): includes theater, some studio arts, creative writing, and social entrepreneurship.

The Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS) is based at Hampshire; its director is Michael Klare.
The national reproductive rights organization Civil Liberties and Public Policy (CLPP) operates on Hampshire's campus, where they host an annual conference.
In 2014 Hampshire announced the formation of a new concentration, in Psychoanalytic Studies.

Five College Consortium

Hampshire College is the youngest of the schools in the Five-College Consortium. The other schools are Amherst College, Mt. Holyoke College, Smith College and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Students at each of the schools may take classes and borrow books at the other schools, generally without paying additional fees. They may use resources at the other schools, including internet access, dining halls, and so forth. The five colleges collectively offer over 5,300 courses, and the five libraries have over eight million books. The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) operates bus services between the schools and the greater Pioneer Valley area.

There are two joint departments in the five-college consortium: Dance and Astronomy.

Admissions

Hampshire College stopped accepting SAT and ACT scores of applicants in 2014 both to eliminate income and ethnicity biases in standardized testing and focus assessment on data better correlated with college success and on a longer period of time rather than a single high-pressure test. As a result, it was dropped from the U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking.  The next year, the college said this move decreased the quantity but increased the quality and diversity of applicants, eliminated the incentive to "game" the U.S. News & World Report ranking by admitting less-qualified students with higher numerical scores or encouraging unqualified students to apply.

Sustainability

The R.W. Kern Center
Opened on April 26, 2017, the R.W. Kern Center is the 17th Living Building in the world certified under the advanced green-building standard, the Living Building Challenge.  The building cost $10.4 million made possible by private donations.  It operates net-zero energy, water, and waste. The building is powered by solar panels on its roof, supplies its own drinking water by harvesting rainwater from its roof, manages its wastewater on site, and contains composting toilets.  The Kern Center was built using materials from local sources without the use of any toxic "red list" materials; even materials such as duct tape were chosen carefully to comply with strict environmental standards.  Currently, the Kern Center houses Admissions and financial aid offices as well as classrooms, student lounges, and a coffee shop. President Jonathan Lash stated that "[w]ith this building we have sought to reflect our values, in the inclusive design process, the design and materials, our construction practices, and our reporting about the building... [w]hy are buildings constructed any other way? In every way, the Kern Center was built to learn and teach."

Climate Action Plan
In the next 20 years, the college plans to reduce 50% of current consumption of energy, another major goal stated in their Climate Action Plan.  They plan to renovate the Robert Crown Center, Library, Cole Science Center, Franklin Patterson Hall, Merrill House, and Greenwich House.  The plan is made possible by a $1 million gift.

Solar power

Hampshire College planned to become the first college in the United States to be 100% solar powered. The solar panel array is a part of the college's main goal - to be climate-neutral by 2020 according to their extensive Climate Action Plan developed in April 2012. The school purchases solar credits and sells solar energy from its field. They began construction in February 2015. Two witness tests were conducted in June 2017 and its final one conducted November 2017.  Since June 2017, part of the solar array has been powering the college.  The solar panels cover 19 acres consisting of 15,000 panels which will eventually produce 4.7 megawatts of power.  Hampshire College contracted with SolarCity to install the panels.

The college announced it will save up to $8 million in electricity cost in 20 years and $400,000 yearly.  The 4.7 megawatts of solar power avoids 3,000 metric tons of greenhouse-gas emissions per year, equivalent to 650 fewer cars on the road.  Other solar sources on campus contribute to the primary solar array's power production: the Kern Center rooftop solar arrays, the CSA Barn, the president's house, and the Longworth Arts Center canopy. The president stated that "[t]his is the challenge that our students and every other student is going to face in the next 20 years, how to turn the US economy into a low-carbon economy ... and they're going to get the real firsthand experience of doing it. So that was reason number one." The president has declared that switching to renewable energy is "just the right thing to do in an era of accelerating climate change."  He also noted this project will keep jobs local and avoid pipelines being built through people's communities to get power to our college."

In February of 2023, The College announced that it had achieved its 2022 goal of carbon neutrality for all campus emissions, including electricity and natural gas heating.

Timeline of Sustainability Initiative

Since 2011, Hampshire College has been involved in various projects to "transform its food systems, campus operations, curriculum and campus culture to embrace sustainability." The college's advances in sustainability include various projects.  In 2011, the college was the first in the world to divest from fossil-fuels.  In 2012, they developed the Climate Action Plan for climate neutrality by 2022. Hampshire College Farm expanded their education and operation, establishing the Center for New England and Agriculture. In 2014 the main traffic circle and parking lot was eliminated and turned into a meadow.  They also stopped mowing dozen acres of lawns in hopes of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, saving landscaping expenses and creating wildlife and plant habitats.  In the same year, they installed an electric car-charging station behind the library.  In 2015 they permanently protected 46 acres of their property through a conservation restriction. The Kern Center became their first 100% emission-free building in 2016 and the Hitchcock Center for the Environment built its new living building on Hampshire land. In 2017, Hampshire College pledged to continue to support climate action and reduce carbon emissions in accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement.  They signed the We Are Still In campaign along with 2,600 total signers.

Re-Radicalization

In the spring of 2004, a student group calling itself Re-Radicalization of Hampshire College (Re-Rad) emerged with a manifesto called The Re-Making of a College, which critiqued what they saw as a betrayal of Hampshire's founding ideas in alternative education and student-centered learning.  On May 3, 2004, the group staged a demonstration that packed the hall outside the President's office during an administrative meeting.  Response from the community was generally amicable and Re-Rad made some progress.

The Re-Radicalization movement was responding in part to a new "First-Year Plan" that changed the structure of the first year of study.  Beginning in the Fall of 2002, the requirements for passing Division I were changed so that first-year students no longer had to complete independent projects (see Curriculum above). Re-Rad submitted its own counter-proposal in both 2006 and 2007, but these proposals were not acted on, and no follow-up was attempted.

The Re-Radicalization of Hampshire College assisted the administration in launching a pilot program known as mentored independent study. This program paired ten third semester students with Division III students with similar academic interests to complete a small study—observed by, and subject to the approval of, a faculty member.

While some students worry about what they see as Hampshire's headlong plunge into normality, the circumstances of Hampshire's founding tends to perennially attract students who revive the questions about education the institution was founded on, and who challenge the administration to honor the founding mission. Unsurprisingly, then, Re-Rad was not the first student push of its type. Similar efforts have sprung up at Hampshire with some regularity, with varying impacts. In 1996, student Chris Kawecki spearheaded a similar push called the Radical Departure, calling for a more holistic, organic integration of education into students' lives. The most durable legacy of the Radical Departure was EPEC, a series of student-led non-credit courses.

A more detailed account of movements such as these can be found in A Documentary History of Hampshire College, Vol. 4: 1995-2005.

Campus issues

Divestment

In May 1977, Hampshire was the first college in the nation to divest from apartheid South Africa. The college removed $39,000 in stocks in four companies (). In February 2009 it was reported that Hampshire College had divested from Israel because of its violation of human rights. However, under pressure from pro-Israel groups and high-profile individuals, most notably attorney Alan Dershowitz, the father of a Hampshire alumnus, Hampshire's president stated that the changes in investments were not politically motivated.  Hampshire continues to display a statement from Dershowitz on its website, in which the lawyer withdraws his criticism and pledges his support, stating, "Hampshire has now done the right thing. It has made it unequivocally clear that it did not and will not divest from Israel. Indeed, it will continue to hold stock in companies that do business with Israel as well as with Israeli companies...."

American flag
Following the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States, on November 9, 2016, Hampshire students lowered the American flag at the center of campus to half-staff as "a protest against acts of hate and harassment." The next day, school officials announced they would allow the flag to remain at half-staff temporarily. College president Jonathan Lash said in a statement that some of the people on campus felt that the flag was "a powerful symbol of fear they've felt all their lives because they grew up in marginalized communities, never feeling safe." In an incident under investigation by campus police, the flag was burned at some time in the evening of November 10 or the morning of November 11. It was replaced the following day and the school indicated it would continue to fly the flag at half-staff "to mourn deaths from violence in the U.S. and around the world." Following a backlash, the college announced on November 21 that it would temporarily cease flying the flag on campus. This, in turn, led to protests including veterans for restoration of the flag, with sources claiming from 400 attendees to "over a thousand." Local state representative John Velis (D) called for the school to return the flag and expel the students who burned the flag: they should "pack up their bags and leave." On November 29, shortly after Fox News aired a news segment on the incident, Trump tweeted "Nobody should be allowed to burn the American flag—if they do, there must be consequences—perhaps loss of citizenship or year in jail!"  On December 2, the school decided to raise the flag to full staff.

In the media
In November 2001, a controversial All-Community Vote at Hampshire declared the school opposed to the recently launched War on Terrorism after 9/11, another national first that drew national media attention, including scathing reports from Fox News Channel and the New York Post ("Kooky College Condemns War").

Saturday Night Live had a regular sketch, "Jarret's Room", starring Jimmy Fallon, which ostensibly takes place at Hampshire College but is instead a composite of several schools. It refers to non-existent buildings ("McGuinn Hall", which is actually the Sociology and Social Work building at fellow cast member Amy Poehler's alma mater, Boston College) and features yearbooks, tests, seniors, fraternities, three-person dorm rooms, and a football team—none of which the school has ever had. The sketch also claims that the college is actually in New Hampshire rather than Massachusetts. These characters would later be revived on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon during the COVID-19 pandemic. In another SNL episode aired on December 14, 2002, host Al Gore plays Dr. Ralph Wormly Curtis, a professor at Hampshire College. The same sketch implies that the band Phish attends Hampshire as well, though in reality all four members attended the University of Vermont. In Whit Stillman's comedy-drama film The Last Days of Disco, Chloë Sevigny and Kate Beckinsale star as two recent Hampshire graduates in the early 1980s in the disco scene of New York City.

Alumnus Ken Burns wrote of the college: "Hampshire College is a perfect American place. If we look back at the history of our country, the things we celebrate were outside of the mainstream. Much of the world operated under a tyrannical model, but Americans said, 'We will govern ourselves.' So, too, Hampshire asked, at its founding, the difficult questions of how we might educate ourselves... When I entered Hampshire, I found it to be the most exciting place on earth." Loren Pope wrote of Hampshire in the college guide Colleges That Change Lives: "Today no college has students whose intellectual thyroids are more active or whose minds are more compassionately engaged."

The events around the planned closure of the college that was made unsuccessful by student protests are the subject of the 2022 film The Unmaking of a College.

Alumni and faculty

Notable alumni

Hampshire College alumni have received the Pulitzer and Hillman Prizes; the National Humanities Medal; Emmy, Academy, Peabody, Tony, Golden Globe and Grammy Awards; MacArthur, Fulbright, and Guggenheim Fellowships; the National Book Award; the American Book Award; the National Book Critics Circle Award; and the National Endowment for the Arts.

Notable past and present faculty

See also

References

External links

 Official athletics website
 The Climax—Student newspaper

1970 establishments in Massachusetts
Universities and colleges in Amherst, Massachusetts
Cinema of Massachusetts
Universities and colleges established in 1970
Film schools in the United States
Liberal arts colleges in Massachusetts
Peace and conflict studies
Private universities and colleges in Massachusetts
Progressive colleges
Progressive education
USCAA member institutions

Hampshire College


Anthracyclines  are a class of antibiotic drugs. They are obtained from Streptomyces  bacteria. They are used as a form of chemotherapy, to treat a number of cancers, inclusing blood cancer.  The most important clinically are doxorubicin and daunorubicin. They act to inhibit cellular processes around DNA metabolism which results in the death of rapidly dividing cells. Most anthracyclines are administered directly into the blood. Common side effects include decreased immune cell production, nausea, vomiting and hair loss. The greatest potential side effect is dose related damage to heart tissue and modern treatment regimens are designed to minimise this risk. Research continues around new anthracycline variants and formulation with several clinical trials currently underway around the world.

Antibiotics

Anthracycline


The Atonement Child is a 1997  novel by the American author Francine Rivers. It deals with the themes of unwanted pregnancy and abortion.

Plot introduction
Dynah is a young Christian girl at a Bible college when rape shatters her life. The resulting pregnancy and reactions from her family and friends may in turn shatter her faith. As her anti-abortion fiancé suddenly finds abortion acceptable, and her anti-abortion school informs her that she will be expelled unless her pregnancy disappears, she is forced to wonder about their views of the world, what God has said in the Bible, and of her own unsteady anti-abortion views. At home she finds her family torn apart as her mother admits to an abortion before she had Dynah that made her incapable of having children for several years. She also learns that her grandmother was forced to have an abortion for "health reasons". Dynah is eventually driven to isolate herself so that she can make the decision on her own. As her mother's "Atonement Child", Dynah must come to the decision on whether or not to have her own "Atonement Child".

1997 American novels
Novels by Francine Rivers
American Christian novels
Novels about rape
Novels about abortion

The Atonement Child


The Artaxiads (), a branch of the eponymous dynasty of Armenia, ruled Iberia (ancient Georgia) from  90 BC to 30 AD. According to the medieval Georgian chronicles, they acquired the crown of Iberia after the Iberian nobles revolted against their king P'arnajom, of the Pharnabazid dynasty, and petitioned the king of Armenia to send his son, who was married to a Pharnabazid princess, as their new monarch. Both the king of Armenia and his son are referred to in the chronicles as "Arshak", probably a confusion with Artaxias which seems to be taken as a general term about the Artaxiad kings of Armenia. Professor Cyril Toumanoff identifies the king of Armenia of this account as Artavasdes I (ruled c. 159 BC - c. 115 BC) and considers the newly installed Iberian king, Artaxias I (ruled 90–78 BC), to have been his son. The chronicle goes on to describe a great battle between a combined Iberian-Armenian army against P'arnajom and his followers. In the end, P'arnajom was defeated and killed, and thereafter the Armenian prince was the king of Iberia.

Little is known about the early years of the Iberian Artaxiad rule. They seem to have been under the influence of their Armenian cousins to whom Iberia had relinquished a significant portion of its territory. This association with the Armenian Artaxiads, who were at their peak of power during the reign of Tigranes the Great (r. 95–55 BC), brought about Iberia's involvement in the Third Mithridatic War between the Pontus-Armenian alliance and Rome (75–65 BC). Plutarch and Licinius Macer state that Iberian contingents featured prominently in the battles of Tigranocerta (69 BC) and Artaxata (68 BC). Even after the surrender of Tigranes to the mercy of Pompey, the Artaxiad king of Iberia Artoces (r. 78–63 BC) continued to offer a stubborn resistance to the invading Romans, but was eventually defeated and forced to plead for peace. This Artoces well known to the Classical sources is apparently the Artag (Artog), son of Arshak/Artaxias, of the Georgian annals which surprisingly omit any mention of the Roman invasion, but instead report the king's fighting with the "Persians".

Roman hegemony over Iberia proved to be impermanent, however, and, in 36 BC, the legate Publius Canidius Crassus had to lead his army into Iberia to force its king Pharnabazus into a new alliance with Rome. Neither Pharnabazus nor his relations with Rome are recorded in the Georgian chronicles whose narrative focuses on King Bartom, son of Artag, and his demise in the struggle with the once-exiled prince Mirian who eventually restored the Pharnabazid dynasty to the throne of Iberia. Modern scholars tend to identify Pharnabazus with Bartom and consider him the last in the Artaxiad line.

References

 Melikishvili, Giorgi et al.. (1970), საქართველოს ისტორიის ნარკვევები (Studies in the History of Georgia), Vol. 1. Tbilisi: Sabch'ota Sakartvelo.

Kings of Iberia
Georgian royal dynasties

Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia


Obong Akpan Isemin  was elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic.

He also held the traditional title of Obong Ikpa Isong Ibibio, one of the traditional titles amongst the Ibibio nation.

Background
Isemin was born about 1939 in Mbioto, Etinan local government area in Akwa Ibom state, of Ibibio background.
He attended the Etinan Institute for his secondary education, then the University of Nigeria, Nsukka where he earned a B.Sc. degree in Economics. He first worked with Agip and Esso Standard in the oil industry. In 1969, he joined Avery Limited as Sales Executive, holding this position for 13 years and rising to become an executive director before retiring.
He also wrote a column in Business Times.

Political career and death

Running on the National Republican Convention (NRC) platform, Isemin was elected Governor of Akwa Ibom state on 14 December 1991, serving from 2 January 1992 to 18 November 1993, and losing office after the military coup that brought General Sani Abacha to power.
He was known for his "Ubom Noah" (Noah's Ark) philosophy, within which all people should be given opportunity regardless of ethnic origin, and demonstrated this through his appointments of people with diverse origins.
He managed to persuade the Federal government to increase the oil revenue allocation from N350,000 per month to N11.2 million.

At the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic in 1999, Isemin again sought election as Akwa Ibom governor running on the All People's Party (APP) platform, but lost to Obong Victor Attah. In 2003, he unsuccessfully sought election as a senator on the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) platform.
Later he joined the People's Democratic Party (PDP).

Death
Isemin died on 23 June 2009. There was some controversy over his death, with his widow blaming it on poor facilities at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, where lack of electricity prevented him receiving dialysis, and the hospital claiming that he had refused to accept the recommended treatment.

References

1939 births
2009 deaths
National Republican Convention politicians
All People's Party (Nigeria) politicians
All Nigeria Peoples Party politicians
Members of the Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)
Governors of Akwa Ibom State
University of Nigeria alumni
Ibibio people

Akpan Isemin


Smoke Creek (also known as Da-deo-da-na-suk-to ("bend in the shore"), Smoke's Creek or Smokes Creek) is a small stream in Erie County, New York. It originates southwest of East Aurora and flows into Lake Erie at Lackawanna. The height above sea level is . A left tributary is the South Branch Smoke Creek. The watershed area of Smoke Creek measures about .

The creek is named after "Old Smoke," the English name for Sayenqueraghta, a prominent Seneca chief.

Water quality
In a 2010 report by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), Smoke Creek was found to have "slightly impacted water quality conditions" primarily caused by "past industrial activities and discharges including sludge banks along the creek." However, "aquatic life and recreational uses are considered to be fully
supported in the stream."

References

Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Erie County, New York
Tributaries of Lake Erie

Smoke Creek (New York)


Lisa Picard is Famous, also known as Famous, is a 2000 comedy-drama film directed by Griffin Dunne and written by Nat DeWolf and Laura Kirk. The film stars Kirk, DeWolf, Dunne, Daniel London, and a large number of famous actors in cameos as themselves.

The film's story is about a documentarian who has focused on Lisa Picard as she is on the verge of stardom. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.

Cast

References

External links

2000 films
2000 comedy-drama films
Films directed by Griffin Dunne
American comedy-drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Lisa Picard Is Famous


Codename: Kids Next Door is an American animated television series created by Tom Warburton (credited as "Mr. Warburton") for Cartoon Network. It is the 13th of the network's Cartoon Cartoons. The series follows the adventures of a group of five 10-year-old children who operate from a high-tech treehouse. They fight against adult and teen villains with advanced 2×4 technology. Their code names are Numbuhs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. They are Sector V, part of a global organization called the Kids Next Door.

Overview

Synopsis
The show revolves around a group of five 10-year old kids (later retconned to be varying ages), using codenames Numbers 1 through 5, who are the main home operatives of what is known as Sector V, which is part of a worldwide espionage-style organization called the Kids Next Door. Their mission is to fight crimes against kids (such as homework and flossing), many of which are willingly committed by "evil" adults, senior citizens, teenagers, and other children. Numbuh 1 is the bald British boy Nigel Uno, leader of Sector V. Numbuh 2 is the perky and pun-cracking American boy Hoagie Gilligan, Jr.. Numbuh 3 is the cheerful Asian girl Kuki Sanban. Numbuh 4 is the bossy Australian boy Wallabee Beatles. Numbuh 5 is the smart African-American girl Abigail Lincoln.

Characters

Main characters
 Numbuh 1/Nigel Uno (voiced by Ben Diskin) - the leader and head operative of Sector V.
 Numbuh 2/Hogarth Pennywhistle "Hoagie" Gilligan, Jr. (voiced by Ben Diskin) - the funny engineer of Sector V.
 Numbuh 3/Kuki Sanban (voiced by Lauren Tom) - the cheerful tactician and medic of Sector V.
 Numbuh 4/Wallabee "Wally" Beatles (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - the bossy combatant of Sector V.
 Numbuh 5/Abigail "Abby" Lincoln (voiced by Cree Summer) - the intelligent, relaxed second-in-command/spy of Sector V.

KND Organization
 Numbuh 6/Bradley (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) - A skunk that became an honorary member of Sector V after Numbuh 2 and Numbuh 3 saved him in the streets. In "Operation: H.O.S.P.I.T.A.L.", Bradley is made into a cyborg to save his life after he gets hit by a car.
 Numbuh 9/Maurice (voiced by Khary Payton) - A former member of Sector V who was reinstated to the Teens Next Door, a special operations group that fake being decommissioned in their 13th birthday so they can learn information from both adults and teenagers.
 Numbuh 13 (voiced by Billy West) - The Klutz of the KND. While he means well, he is ignorant to the fact that he is incredibly clumsy, klutz, and moronic. Like the KND's Toiletnator, every sector dreads having to work with him, even his own! The Sector Leader of N, Numbuh 14/Mary-Lou Sara-Janes Jones (voiced by Lauren Tom), has the literal job of being his damage control, which she resents very much.
 Numbuh 60/Patton Drilovsky (voiced by Matt Levin) - A high-ranking operative of the Kids Next Door Arctic Base.
 Numbuh 65.3/Herbie (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - The stuffy and nerd Head Communications Officer of Moonbase. He often hails Sector V for urgent missions. He also has a soft spot for Lizzie Devine.
 Numbuh 83/Sonia (voiced by Janice Kawaye) - The Soda, Snacks, and Treats officer of Sector W, she has a irrational fear of the dark and will go into a blind rage when she is forced towards it.
 Numbuh 84/Lee (voiced by Janice Kawaye) - The tactical Yo-yo Specialist of Sector W.
 Numbuh 86/Fanny Fulbright (voiced by Jennifer Hale) - The Head of Decommissioning and Global Tactical Officer of the KND Organization.
 Numbuh 92 and Numbuh 93 (voiced by Benjamin Diskin and Tara Strong) - Two KND operatives who reside on the Kids Next Door Moonbase. Their roles are effectively replaced with Numbuh 44/Pete and Peter Doblemitz (usually voiced by Lauren Tom), twin operatives who also work as infantry.
 Numbuh 101/Matt (voiced by Ogie Banks) - The Head of the KND Seriously Cool Museum of Artifacts and Stuff. He is a mega fan of Sector V, having made a macaroni statue of Numbuh 5, and even having Numbuh 1's infamous Rainbow Monkey underwear; This can turn them off from him. He is also a huge KND history nut, believing in Sector Z and Numbuh 0 even when others thought that they were just myths.
 Numbuh 362/Rachel McKenzie (voiced by Rachael MacFarlane) - The Supreme Leader of the KND Organization.
 Numbuh 363/Harvey McKenzie (voiced by Jennifer Hale) - The sector leader of Sector W, and the Supreme Leader's younger brother. He is rivals with Sector V in the series finale, who don't like him very much due to his cockiness and dislike of being touched by others. He was decommissioned months later by Numbuh 5 because she got sick of him not wanting to be touched.
 Numbuh 74.239 and Numbuh Infinity (voiced by Dave Wittenberg and Phil LaMarr respectively) - Two KND operatives who both work for the Splinter Cell, a shadowy faction of the Kids Next Door. They have manipulated events to sign Numbuh 1 to the Galactic KND.

Villains
 Father/Benedict Wigglestein (voiced by Maurice LaMarche impersonating Kirk Douglas when wearing the silhouette suit, Jeff Bennett without it) - The arch-nemesis of the KND, the main villain of the series, and the 'adoptive' father of the Delightful Children From Down The Lane. He is also Nigel's paternal uncle and Monty's brother. In "Operation: Z.E.R.O.", the aforementioned family relation is revealed, as well as that Father kidnapped the kids formerly known as Sector Z and permanently brainwashed them to become the Delightful Children.
 The Delightful Children From Down The Lane (voiced by Benjamin Diskin, Dee Bradley Baker, and Cree Summer while delightfulized, and by Tom Kenny, Rachael MacFarlane, Jason Harris, Dee Bradley Baker, and Cree Summer as Sector Z), five 'delightfulized' kids, and Father's children/henchmen. In "Operation: Z.E.R.O.", they are revealed to be the former members of the mission; Bruce (blonde boy with bowl cut), Alessandra (brunette blond-haired girl), David (tall, skinny boy with a comb-over), Lenny (black boy with Football Helmet), and Constance (fat girl with brown hair and pigtails), (clockwise from the front). 'Delightfulization' is shown to be a form brainwashing throughout the series, with Sector Z's brainwashing being boosted by a blown fuse and thus made permanent. As a result, and attempt to reverse it can only be temporary.
 Cree Lincoln (voiced by Cree Summer) - Numbuh 5's older sister, leader of the Teen Ninjas, and an apprentice to Father. She was originally a KND operative Numbuh 11. While a dangerous foe, Cree does care about her sister and wished that Numbuh 5 joined the teens just like her.
 Chad Dickson (voiced by Jason Harris) - Formerly Numbuh 274, Chad was the supreme leader of the Kids Next Door until it was revealed in "Operation: E.N.D." that he had hidden his thirteenth birthday to the KND and arranged Sector V's decommissioning. Due to his treason he allies with the adults and joined the Teen Ninjas. In "Operation: T.R.E.A.T.Y." it is revealed that he was actually a TND operative working for the Splinter Cell.
 Mr. Boss (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - A corporate executive and the de facto second-in-command of the KND's standard rogues gallery. Mr. Boss is often the one who leads the other KND villains in his plots. In his debut episode, some of Sector V's parents work for him in his office building. In "Operation: D.A.D.D.Y.", it is revealed that he is Numbuh 86's father.
 The Toiletnator/Lou Pottingsworth II (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - A toilet themed incompetent villain, being considered the lamest villain by the KND and by other villains to the point where Mr. Boss quotes "Aw geez, it's the Toiletnator!" when he shows up. He is shown to have toilet based powers as seen within "Operation: C.A.N.Y.O.N.". In a comic spin-off, it is revealed that he is Numbuh 4's long lost uncle.
 Stickybeard (voiced by Mark Hamill) - The candy-loving pirate captain of the Candy Pirates and a rival of Numbuh 5's due to their mutual obsession with sugar. Despite being sour towards the Kids Next Door, he does show a "sweet tooth" such as saving Sector V from the Great White Asparagus (which he loathes more than kids) and helping Numbuh 5 save Heinrich from cursed licorice pirates.
 Knightbrace/Mr. Jelly (voiced by Tom Kenny) - An oral health-themed villain who performs painful and unnecessary dental and orthodontic procedures on the children he ambushes. In his debut episode, "Operation: T.E.E.T.H.", his true identity is Mr. Jelly, the former owner of a candy shop the KND frequently visit. Mr. Jelly wanted to be a dentist since he was a child, but was expelled from dental school for attempting to put braces on babies. He was forced to work in his family's candy store, but went insane and became Knightbrace due to being angered at candy harming children's teeth. Despite his hatred for sweets, he likes taffy.
 The Common Cold (voiced by Tom Kenny) - A sickness-based villain who uses his own snot to render all KND operatives sick so they'll be weak on stopping other adults plans. At one point, The Common Cold was defeated by Mrs. Gilligan who used chicken soup on him. He has a niece named Anna Worthington.
 Gramma Stuffum (voiced by Grey DeLisle) - An old lady obsessed with force-feeding her disgusting food to children to make them unable to move so that they can't bother adults. As seen in her debut episode, even the Delightful Children from Down the Lane can't handle her food. She's often accompanied by liver and two giggling onions.
 Count Spankulot (voiced by Daran Norris) - A vampire who spanks naughty children. Like the Toiletnator, he wants to join a group but his spank addiction always gets him rejected. In "Operation: L.O.C.K.D.O.W.N.", he can actually turn people into spank-happy vampires just by taking off his gloves, similar to a vampire bite, and can only be cured by spanking him back.
 Mr. John Wink and Mr. Timothy Fibb (voiced by Tom Kenny and Dee Bradley Baker respectively) - A pair of villains who use robotic chairs to fight. For unknown reasons, Mr. Wink sports bison horns and Mr. Fibb sports walrus tusks. In "Operation: C.O.W.G.I.R.L.", both of them used to be members of Cowboys Kids Club, but Timothy and John became villains due to fellow Cowboy Kids Club member, Lasso Lass, going to the prom with Texas Tommy instead of Timothy. They are a parody of Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd and adress each other in the same manner.
 Crazy Old Cat Lady (voiced by Grey DeLisle) - An old woman with cat-like features who lives with thousands of black and white cats.

Other characters
 Numbuh 0/Montgomery "Monty" Uno (voiced by Frank Welker in as an adult, Dave Wittenberg as a child, or Numbuh 0) - Numbuh 1's father. He is later revealed to have started the Seventh Age of the KND after defeating Grandfather.
 Mrs. Uno (voiced by Jennifer Hale) - Numbuh 1's mother and Father's sister-in-law. In "Operation: I.N.T.E.R.V.I.E.W.S.", it is revealed that she was originally a KND operative Numbuh 999, and was the first female operative of the Seventh Age.
 Betty Gilligan (voiced by Candi Milo) - Numbuh 2's mother.
 Thomas "Tommy" Gilligan (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - Numbuh 2's baby brother. In "Operation: G.R.A.D.U.A.T.E.S.", he temporarily becomes a KND operative "Numbuh T" until he resigns himself from the code module, and becomes a vigilante going by the alias of "The Tommy".
 Kani Sanban (voiced by Keone Young) - Numbuh 3's father. While high strung and moody, he does love his children. His name means "crab" in Japanese, fitting his crabby personality.
 Genki Sanban (voiced by Lauren Tom) - Numbuh 3's mother. She is a successful businesswoman and is the boss of Betty Gilligan. While she never played with toys as a girl, she does let her daughters have toys as to give them have a happy childhood unlike her. Her name means "energetic" in Japanese, yet Genki is portrayed as quiet.
 Mushi Sanban (voiced by Tara Strong) - Numbuh 3's baby sister. In season 4, she later becomes a villain after "murdering" her sister's new Rainbow Monkey out of jealousy, later she kidnaps Count Spankulot as revenge towards Numbuh 2.
 Sydney Beatles (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - Numbuh 4's father.
 Mrs. Beatles (voiced by Jennifer Hale) - Numbuh 4's mother.
 Joey Beatles (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) - Numbuh 4's baby brother. He is surprisingly powerful and witty for being only a baby, defeating multiple villains.
 Dr. Lincoln (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson impersonating Bill Cosby) - Numbuh 5's father who is inspired by Cliff Huxtable from The Cosby Show due to the fact that they both work as doctors. He used to work as a clown, until his co-worker messed up his joke, ruining their careers. Unlike the other parents, Dr. Lincoln's face is never shown (expect in clown makeup).
 Mrs. Lincoln (voiced by Cree Summer) - Numbuh 5's mother.

Notes

Cartoon Network series
2002 television series debuts
2008 television series endings
English-language television programs

Codename: Kids Next Door


Alex Mascioli is an American businessman and investor.  He is the founder and managing partner of North Street Capital, LP which invests in leveraged buyouts and public and private equity.

Business career
Mascioli has been involved in Dutch automaker Spyker Cars and Swedish automaker Saab automobile.  Mascioli and Saab Chairman & CEO Victor Muller came to a deal in which North Street would acquire the supercar maker Spyker from Swedish Automobile, which began to struggle financially with Saab, for $43.5 million in cash, and the proceeds would be used to pay off company debt. Shortly afterwards another deal was struck in which Alex Mascioli would pay $70 million to buy shares of Saab and issue a convertible note of $60 million collateralized by Saab's assets.  In 2011, the press reported that Mascioli might take over 100% of Saab and in an interview with Reuters it was mentioned that he had the capacity to take over the company should he chose to do so.

Media
Mascioli has been published in magazines featured as "On The Road With Alex Mascioli" for articles relating to automakers which include Audi, Bentley, BMW, Maserati, Mercedes, and Jaguar.

References

American financiers
American investors
American hedge fund managers
American stock traders
Businesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut
Stock and commodity market managers
American financial analysts
1975 births
Living people

Alex Mascioli


Alternative fashion or Alt fashion is fashion that stands apart from mainstream commercial fashion. Alternative fashion includes the fashions of specific subcultures such as emo, scene, goth subculture, hip hop,  cyberpunk, kawaii, cottagecore, goblincore, 70's core, and Lolita fashion; however, it is not limited to these. In general, alternative, or 'alt', fashion does not conform to widely popular style trends of the times that have widespread popularity. It may exhibit itself as a fringe style – extremely attention-grabbing and more artistic than practical – but it can also develop from anti-fashion sentiments that focus on simplistic utilitarian drives (e.g.: grunge fashion, which was largely based on comfort and availability).

Historical and sociological perspectives

Alternative fashion is often considered a modern concept but it, and the concept of subculture it is often related to, have existed for centuries. As covered in Ken Gelder's exploration of the history of alternative culture patterns in Western society, "Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice," alternative fashions have often been used to identify, and even stereotype, members of groups with value systems that diverged from common culture. Gelder states that alternative fashions have traditionally been related to subcultures that have been identified by mass society as:

disinterested in common moral order: idle, parasitical, hedonistic, criminal
disinterested in or against adhering to the structure of the social class
identification with an area (street, neighborhood, club) rather than self-owned   property
preferring to develop "family" and community outside of traditional paradigms
attitudes against or wary of mass production, homogeneity, heteronormativity, socially imposed behavior constrictions

Those who utilize alternative fashion may vary greatly in beliefs and not identify with any of these concepts. Often it is the mass social perceptions of the meaning of certain fashions and their relation to a particular niche group that is important in understanding the interaction of alternative fashion with mass culture - a fashion is often more remembered for what it is related to in the popular consciousness than what its wearer's intended it to stand for. Particularly in a sociopolitical sense alternative fashion has often been intentionally adopted by an individual or group to display a break from the beliefs or mores of popular culture and as a form of self-expression that challenged the boundaries of what was considered appropriate, fashionable or practical. The meaning behind a certain style, or said style even has a meaning, is up for debate between individual wearers and those outside the style. Many people who choose to utilize alternative fashion often also identify as a member of the LGBTQ+ community, as they feel it is yet another way for them to assert themselves outside of the gender binary. This is considered a way to break free from the grasp that heteronormativity has on mainstream culture, and create a found family of people who also have attitudes against socially imposed behavior constrictions.

The use of subculture terminology in the 21st century to categorize or interpret dress style is often inaccurate, or at the least does not provide a complete picture of the individual being assessed by their 'look,' due to the constant evolution in the meaning, relevance and cohesion of certain subcultures and even the term 'subculture' itself. Alternative fashion is often looked at through the lens of social politics - it is considered a visual expression of opposition to societal norms, thus heavily associated with the idealism, energy and rebellion of youth culture. However, sociological studies into exploring alternative fashion have found individuals who retained statistically uncommon modes of dress on a permanent post-adolescent basis. Alternative fashion generally lays down a challenge to accepted norms, though the reactions received by wearers of alternative fashion from those who adhere to more conventional stylings can be as diverse as the wearers themselves. It can be a visual language that people employ to communicate with each other  indicating common interests or involvement with similar activities, a challenge to modern conceptions of aesthetic beauty and/or a basic form of self-expression, like painting or writing. It may be none of these things - the wearer may have no conscious intent in the choosing of their style and may find themselves outside the mainstream purely by accident.

Common influences
Modern individual alternative fashion genres, and their wearers, may have homogenized or diverse influences that vary from group to group and person to person but some basic similarities do exist across the scope of alt fashion. Some prominent examples of influences, regardless of genre or label, are:

vintage and retro fashion trends that have fallen out of favor with the general population (e.g.: Pin-up girl, Rockabilly, New Romanticism, Victorian fashion, etc.)which are revived or incorporated by a new generation
dress styles, traditional and modern, from other cultures (such as Japanese street fashion) Such as Harajuku, and Decora
various forms of visual and performance art, including painting,   sculpture, film and television
notable personalities - authors, models, musicians, actors, etc.
personal tastes and aesthetics
personal attitudes towards concepts such as individuality, consumerism, social constructs on behavior, self-expression, and/or disillusionment with what is viewed as "normal" society
considerations of availability and utilitarianism

Like many other aspects of alternative culture, alt fashion is often heavily influenced by music and the dress style of individual bands or musicians. While the qualities of individuality and open-mindedness are associated with alternative fashion, levels of conformity within subcultures, judgemental behaviors and expressions of feelings of superiority exist within certain alternative fashion communities just as they exist in aspects of mainstream fashion and culture. Pressure to 'fit in,' even just within a small niche community, may influence personal style.

Changes in availability
As alternative fashion can relate to such a diverse selection of styles the  acquisition of clothing, accessories and services (such as hair care) can come from a huge variety of resources, particularly as alternative fashion trends become more accepted and assimilated into mainstream culture. Traditionally alternative clothing, shoes and accessories have been largely procured from independently owned businesses, such as the boutiques found in bohemian and artistic districts of large urban centers. Though still popular, these types of small, specialized retailers have become displaced much like mainstream retail outlets by the Internet. Also, as fashion trends are co-opted by more and more people chain stores, which   may offer a wider variety of products at a lower price and are easier to access in non-urban areas than boutiques, began to soak up a large part of the alternative fashion market. This change in the availability and commodification of alternative fashions has encouraged much broader use of styles in the mainstream once only found in niche groups. Items from thrift & vintage shops, altered and DIY fashions have also long held a place in alternative fashion to the point where the use of mismatched second-hand clothing is considered cliche to alternative and liberal ideologies.

Mainstream attention
Many forms of alternative fashion gain attention, and even notoriety, through their relationship to individuals or groups that are seen as socially undesirable – those involved in behavior considered criminal, deviant or anti-social – even though these types of behaviors may not be common among those involved in alternative fashion. For instance, greasers of the 1950s were associated with street gangs and random acts of juvenile violence, hippies of the 1960s (along with ravers of the 1980–90s) with promiscuity, anti-establishment agendas and, especially, drug use and those sporting hip hop style in the 1980s-now with the selling of drugs and other criminal behavior.  The most headline-grabbing event in recent years related to alternative fashion was the wave of anti-Gothic policies and commentary that flooded through common culture in the wake of the Columbine High School massacre. The crime, perpetrated by two young men dressed in black trench coats who were known to be fans of heavy, dark themed music, was immediately associated with the Gothic subculture in the media despite the teens' lack of any concrete affiliation with the dress or musical style usually given this label. Policies were passed in schools across the country banning dress styles and items associated with the Gothic subculture. Many individuals who dressed in any way related to the Gothic style, whether or not they associated with this subculture, were targets of fear, anger and suspicion. The subculture as a whole, though extremely diverse in religious and social beliefs, was pigeonholed by the media as a dangerous influence on children.

Alternative fashion's influence on mainstream fashion
Mainstream culture, particularly retailers and the media, have often looked to alternative fashion for up and coming trends and, increasingly, as an easy way to market products to a niche group that may not be having its tastes supplied elsewhere. Some in the alternative community view this as flattering and as a positive expansion of what is socially acceptable, and easily available, fashion. Others consider the involvement of mainstream institutions in alternative fashion as a desecration of what the concept stands for and feel the mass marketing of previously underground styles, particularly to impressionable youth markets who are more concerned with a look than the meaning behind it, amounts to a non-violent form of cultural genocide. When a previously non-mainstream style becomes popular the core group of a certain alternative niche may be watered down with dozens or even hundreds of individuals who are not genuinely invested in the advancement of alternative culture or its precepts of individuality and present an image of the subculture not at all related to its traditional members' behaviors. For instance, rave culture was heavily associated with ideas of racial, gender and sexual orientation equality and encouraged unity, creativity and individuality amongst its members.
The commodification of rave fashions in chain outlets and internet boutiques coincided with a media frenzy focusing on drug use in the rave community. These factors led to an insurgence of young people interested in emulating rave style, and obtaining the substances associated with it, rather than in promoting the utopian precepts originally associated with raves.

Alternative fashion is expressed, discussed, viewed and proliferated through many of the same channels as mainstream fashion, such as fashion shows, websites, blogs and magazines. The use of these avenues in the alt community traditionally tends to follow similar principles to traditional alt fashion itself - existing outside of mainstream outlets, fueled by personal creativity. It is common for projects related to alternative fashion to be independently run by individuals or small groups and to be offered to the public cheaply or free of charge. However, just as alternative fashion has been commodified by chain stores some level of commercialization may exist within outlets of alternative fashion seeking to exploit certain styles as 'the next big thing' or taking financial advantage of customers with limited options. The sheer volume of literature about alternative and subculture fashion, ranging from serious sociological studies to 'guide books' for the casual reader, display how involved, or at least interested, in alternative fashion a large portion of society is.

Alternative fashion examples
Aristocrat
Artistic Dress
Beatnik
Cottagecore
Cyber fashion
Emo
Fetish fashion
Flapper
Goblincore
Goth fashion
Greaser (subculture)
Grunge fashion
Gyaru
Heavy metal fashion
Hip hop
Hippie
Hipster
Japanese street fashion
Lolita fashion
Mobster
Mod
Biker
Pin-up
Punk fashion
Raver
Rivethead
Rockabilly
Rocker (subculture)
Rude boy
Scene (subculture)
Seapunk
Skater fashion
Skinhead
Soft grunge
Steampunk
Surfer

See also

Hipster
Subculture
List of subcultures
Metal couture
History of the punk subculture
History of modern Western subcultures
Youth subculture

References

Underground culture
1990s fashion
2000s fashion
2010s fashion

Alternative fashion


Alexander McCurdy Jr. (August 18, 1905 in Eureka, California – June 1, 1983 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an organist and educator who taught a generation of America's most-prominent performers.

Education and family
After overcoming early struggles with infantile paralysis, McCurdy moved east to study organ with T. Tertius Noble. Dr. Noble was unable to take any more students and so suggested that McCurdy study instead with the great Lynnwood Farnam, first in New York (1924–1927) and then in Philadelphia's newly established Curtis Institute of Music. In 1931, McCurdy became one of the Institute's earliest graduates, and received his diploma at the first official commencement ceremony in 1934. He had already made his professional concert debut at New York's Town Hall in 1926, and thereafter toured as a recitalist, often in duo performances with his wife since 1932, harpist Flora Greenwood. They had two children, Alexander "Sandy" McCurdy III (a prominent minister and psychoanalyst) and Xandra McCurdy Schultz (whose son produced a televised mini-documentary about his organist grandfather).

Career and musical legacy
McCurdy was organist and choirmaster at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in San Francisco from 1921 until 1924. He became organist and choirmaster at Philadelphia's Second Presbyterian Church in 1927, where he greatly enlarged the pipe organ. After a 1949 merger, this was the First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, from which he retired in 1971.

McCurdy headed the organ department at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute from 1935 to 1972 and also at Princeton's Westminster Choir College (later part of Rider University) from 1940 to 1965, where he received an honorary doctorate at the conclusion of his tenure. He taught hundreds of organ students over the years, with many becoming prominent concert performers, composers and educators. These included Walter Baker, Richard Purvis, David N. Johnson, Gordon Young, David Craighead, Thomas Schippers, James Litton, Barbara Owen, Temple Painter, Robert Carwithen, Hedley Yost, John Weaver, Joan Hult Lippincott, William S. Wrenn, William Whitehead, George W. Decker, Cherry Rhodes, John Binsfeld, Keith Chapman, David Spicer, John Tuttle, Michael Stairs, Gordon Turk, Karl Watson, and Charles Callahan.

McCurdy's students generally manifested a sublime lyricism in playing, and more than a few shared his affinity for the Symphonic school of pipe-organ design. This affinity has helped preserve several important symphonic organs in Philadelphia, particularly the Wanamaker Organ, the E.M. Skinner organ at Girard College Chapel, and the Curtis Organ at Irvine Auditorium (University of Pennsylvania).

On May 13, 2005, Westminster Choir College celebrated McCurdy's centennial year with a daylong series of concerts and remembrances at the Princeton University Chapel and Westminster's Bristol Chapel, including featured performances by Weaver, Lippincott, Tuttle, and Stairs. For many years, Westminster held the annual "Alexander McCurdy Competition in Organ Performance" among its students.

McCurdy bequeathed his music collection to the Bagaduce Music Lending Library.

Selected works
 "Notable Organs of America," Alexander McCurdy, The Etude, June 1947.
 "Keeping Up Mendelssohn," Alexander McCurdy, The Etude, February 1948.
 "Music for Harp and Organ," Alexander McCurdy, The Etude, September 1954 (including cover photo with his wife).

References

American organists
American male organists
Curtis Institute of Music faculty
Westminster Choir College faculty
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
Musicians from Philadelphia
People from Eureka, California
1905 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century organists
20th-century American male musicians

Alexander McCurdy


A superprism is a photonic crystal in which an entering beam of light will lead to an extremely large angular dispersion. The ability of the photonic crystal to send optical beams with different wavelengths to considerably different angles in space in superprisms has been used to demonstrate wavelength demultiplexing in these structures. The first superprism also modified group velocity rather than phase velocity in order to achieve the "superprism phenomena". This effect was interpreted as anisotropic dispersion in contrast to an isotropic dispersion. Furthermore, the two beams of light appear to show negative bending within the crystal.

See also

 Mirror Pack
 Superlens
 Prism (optics)
 Metamaterial
 Perfect mirror

References

Further reading

Photonics

Superprism


The 1973 DFB-Ligapokal Final decided the winner of the 1972–73 DFB-Ligapokal, a knockout football cup competition.

The match was played on 6 June 1973 at the Volksparkstadion in Hamburg. Hamburger SV won the match 4–0 against Borussia Mönchengladbach for the title.

Teams

Route to the final

The DFB-Ligapokal began with the group stage. Four teams would play each other in a home and away format, with the group winners advancing to the knockout stage. The knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals was a knockout cup competition. Teams would play each other home and away, and the winner on aggregate would advance. If tied on aggregate, extra time was used to determine the winner. If still tied, a replay would be necessary.

Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).

Match

Details

See also
 1972–73 DFB-Pokal

References

1973
Hamburger SV matches
Borussia Mönchengladbach matches
1972–73 in German football cups

1973 DFB-Ligapokal final


Pandit Arawind Thatte is a well known harmonium player. He is one of the leading Harmonium players of India, is a reputed accompanist and a soloist.

Early life
Thatte was born in a family of music lovers, father and elder brother being Harmonium players, he started playing Harmonium at the age of six. He is a self-taught Harmonium player; but also learned Tabla under the guidance of late Pandit G.L. Samant and vocal music initially in Bharat Gayan Samaj, Pune and then under Suhas Datar and Sudhir Datar, Pune and has been a disciple of Pandit Jasraj since 1981.

Career
Mr. Thatte contributed a lot in various musical plays including Vasantotsav, Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival. He has played harmonium in the various musical programs. He had accompanied great vocalists like Mallikarjun Mansur, Vasantrao Deshpande, K.G. Dinde, Kumar Gandharva, Bhimsen Joshi, Jasraj, C. R. Vyas, Jeetendra Abhisheki, Kishori Amonkar, Malini Rajurkar, Prabha Atre, Parveen Sultana, Laxmi Shankar, Vijay Sardeshmukh and Shobha Gurtu, to name a few. He has accompanied over 35 artists in 70 appearances at Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival

Awards

 Vasantotsav Awards

Personal life
Thatte did his M.Sc. and Ph.D. He left his bright career in Mathematics to pursue his love of music. In 1982, he stood first in the All India Radio Harmonium solo competition and in 1993 received the first Kumar Gandharva Award sponsored by Shree Ram Pujari Foundation of Solapur, for his contribution to Indian classical music. Even though he has accompanied many prominent artists on the compact discs this is his first solo compact disc.

References

External links
 www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed3TVghRgfA
 www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8HYtMjLqZY

Hindustani instrumentalists
Harmonium players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Arwind Thatte


Audubon Avenue is an avenue in the Washington Heights neighborhood in Upper Manhattan that runs north-south, west of and parallel to Amsterdam Avenue. Its southern terminus is at West 165th Street and St. Nicholas Avenue, and its northern terminus is at Fort George Avenue, just north of West 193rd Street. It crosses over the Trans-Manhattan Expressway, east of the eastern portal of the expressway's tunnel.

History
Audubon Avenue is named for naturalist John James Audubon, who owned a farm in the area. The Fort George Amusement Park, now a seating area in Highbridge Park, was located at the northern end of Audubon Avenue from 1895 to 1914.

References

External links
Audubon Avenue on Google Maps

Streets in Manhattan

Audubon Avenue


Motu Tane (which in Tahitian translates as Man's Island), is a  private island in the lagoon of Bora Bora in French Polynesia.
It is the located between Paahi, and Pitoraverahi.

History
Motu Tane is well known in Bora Bora as having been Paul-Emile Victor's home. Paul-Emile Victor was the famous French polar explorer and author and chose as his personal paradise refuge Motu Tane in Bora Bora, to live a peaceful and secluded life.

The island has coconut groves, encircled by a white sand beach with, just beyond, Polynesia's sparkling turquoise blue waters.
In 1997, it was purchased by François Nars, artistic director of the well-known cosmetic brand that he founded which carries his name.
As of 2020, it is for sale.

Administration
The island is part of Bora Bora Commune.

Tourism
The island is up for sale

Transportation

After arriving in Fa'a'ā International Airport, an Air Tahiti inter-island flight (50 minutes) will bring you to Bora Bora Airport.

There, you will need to hire a boat at the Rent-a-boat Office.

References

External links

French Polynesia
French Polynesian culture
Geography of French Polynesia
History of French Polynesia
Private islands of French Polynesia

Tane (Bora Bora)


Wayne Hunt Dumont (born August 12, 1941) is an American lawyer and judge who served as United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 1981 to 1985.

Biography

Dumont was born in 1941, the son of the former Helen S. Williamson and Wayne Dumont, Jr. of Phillipsburg, New Jersey. His father served more than 30 years in the New Jersey Legislature and was the Republican candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1965.

He received his B.A. degree from Lafayette College and his LL.B. from Seton Hall University School of Law.

He worked in the Newark law firm of Stryker, Tams & Dill, and then was recruited to work for the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey, Frederick B. Lacey, from 1969 to 1971. He worked on official corruption cases that led to the convictions of Newark Mayor Hugh J. Addonizio and Hudson County  political boss John V. Kenny. He returned to private practice, working as a partner at the Newark law firm of the Robinson, Wayne & Greenberg for ten years.

In October 1981, Dumont was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to be U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. He was sworn into office in December 1981, serving until August 1985.

Dumont was later appointed to be a judge on the New Jersey Superior Court. He it is Presiding Judge of the Civil Division in the Morris/Sussex Vicinage and sits in Morristown. In June 2008 he was appointed Acting Assignment Judge for the Morris/Sussex Vicinage.

References

1941 births
Living people
People from Warren County, New Jersey
Lafayette College alumni
Seton Hall University School of Law alumni
United States Attorneys for the District of New Jersey
New Jersey state court judges

W. Hunt Dumont


Philipp Herschkowitz (; Russian: Филипп Гершкович, Filipp Gershkovich) (7 September 1906 – 5 January 1989) was a Romanian-born composer and music theorist, pupil of Alban Berg and Anton Webern, who spent 47 years, from 1940 to 1987, in the Soviet Union.

Biography
Born to a Jewish family in Iaşi, he graduated from the conservatory in the city in 1927 and entered the Music Academy in Vienna, Austria, where he studied with Joseph Marx. Then he studied privately with Berg (1928–1931), and with Webern (1934–1939). He left Nazi German-occupied Austria and arrived in the Soviet Union in 1940, settling first in Chernovtsy, which he left on 22 June 1941 at the beginning of the German invasion, and then moving to Tashkent (in the Uzbek SSR) where he lived until 1944.

He settled in Moscow in 1946, where we began to teach privately, exerting a major influence on several generations of Russian musicians, including leading figures of the so-called "Underground division". Among these were the composers Andrei Volkonsky, Edison Denisov, Alfred Schnittke, Sofia Gubaidulina, Nikolai Karetnikov, Boris Tishchenko,  Valentin Silvestrov, Leonid Hrabovsky, Vyacheslav Artyomov, Vladimir Dashkevich, Alexander Voustin, Vladislav Shoot, Viktor Suslin, Dmitri Smirnov, Elena Firsova, Leonid Hoffman, Vladislav Soyfer; the musicologists Mikhail Druskin, Natan Fishman, Yuri Kholopov, and many others.

Herschkowitz was one of the most important pupils of Webern, and devoted his life to the understanding and development of his teacher's ideas. He was interested in exploring and creating a theoretical foundation to Webern's musical thought. He focussed on the analysis of the music of the great masters and in particular on Beethoven. The essence of this approach lies in the exploration of musical material in terms of the opposition between two fundamental categories: Fest ("fixed") and Locker ("floating").

By the invitation of the Alban-Berg-Stiftung, he returned to Vienna in 1987 — he died there two years later. The four volumes of his book On music that contain the essence of his teaching were edited and published by his widow Lena Herschkowitz and Klaus Linder in Moscow in 1991–1997.

Works
 1929	Waltz for piano (planned as part of a larger composition)
 1930	Die Tulpen (Tulips).  Melodrama after Peter Altenberg (project)
 1930	Fugue for 14 solo instruments (flute, oboe, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, alto saxophone, horn, trumpet, harp, percussion, violin, viola, cello, double bass and piano (planned as part of a larger composition)
 1932	Wie des Mondes Abbild zittert (Heinrich Heine) for voice and piano
 1947	Vesennie tsvety  (Spring Flowers) for piano
 1950s	Capriccio, 2 pF. 'Sovetsky Kompozitor', Moscow, 1957
 1960s	Drei Klavierstücke (Three Piano Pieces)
 1960s	Fünf Klavierstücke (Five Piano Pieces)
 1962	Vier Lieder (Four Songs, Paul Celan) for mezzo-soprano and piano
 1965–6 3 lieduri (Three Songs, Ion Barbu) for voice and piano
 1960s	Brandmal (Paul Celan) for voice and piano
 1968	Vier Stücke (Four Pieces) for cello and piano
 1969	Klavierstück (Piano Piece) in 4 movements
 1971	Brandmal (Paul Celan) for mezzo-soprano, flute, 2 clarinets, piano in 4 hands, percussion, 6 violas and double bass
 early 1970s 	Espenbaum (Paul Celan) for mezzo-soprano, flute, 2 clarinets, percussion, piano in 4 hands, 6 violas and double bass
 early 1970s 	Leuchten (Paul Celan) for mezzo-soprano, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, piano, 4 violins, 2 violas and 2 celli
 early 1970s	Vier Lieder (Four Songs, Paul Celan) for mezzo-soprano, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, small drum, piano, 4 violins, 2 violas and 2 celli
 1970s	Drei Stücke (Three Pieces) for cello and piano
 1970s	Malaya kamernaya syuita  (A Small Chamber Suite) for 2 clarinets, violin, viola, cello and piano
 1979	Malaya kamernaya syuita  (A Small Chamber Suite) for mezzo-soprano, 2 clarinets, violin, 2 violas, cello and
 1983	Madrigaly (Madrigals) setting the poems of Rainer Maria Rilke, Federico García Lorca and Guillaume Apollinaire
 1980s 	Beethoven's String Quartet in F Major (Hess 34) after his Ninth Piano Sonata (Op.14/1), arranged for string orchestra.
 1987-8	Drei Gesänge mit Begleitung eines Kammerensembles (Three Songs with Chamber-Ensemble Accompaniment)

References
 Herschkowitz, Philipp: On music. Books I–IV. Ed. Lena Herschkowitz and Klaus Linder, Moscow, 1991–7 (collected writings in Russian, but some fragments in English and German)
 Dmitri Smirnov: A Geometer of Sound Crystals – A Book on Herschkowitz: by Verlag Ernst Kuhn – Berlin in 2003 (in English)
 Dmitri N. Smirnov: A Geometer of Sound Crystals – A Book on Herschkowitz. 2nd edition Revised and Enlarged. Meladina Books Series, St Albans/Charleston, 2017 (in English)
 Yuri Kholopov: Philip Gershkovich's search for the lost essence of music; also: List of Philip Gershkovich's musicological research studies; List of Philip Gershkovich's musical compositions; Some of Philip Gershkovich's aphorisms. In: «Ex oriente...III» Eight Composers from the former USSR Philip Gershkovich, Boris Tishchenko, Leonid Grabovsky, Alexander Knaifel, Vladislav Shoot, Alexander Vustin, Alexander Raskatov, Sergei Pavlenko. Edited by Valeria Tsenova. English edition only. (studia slavica musicologica, Bd. 31) Verlag Ernst Kuhn – Berlin
 Klaus Linder: Philip Herschkowitz: article in Grove Dictionary of Music
 Hanspeter Krellman: Anton Webern in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (Hamburg, 1975)
 Hermann Scherchen: Aus meinem Leben, Rußland in jenen Jahren: Erinnerungen, ed. E. Klemm (Berlin, 1984)

External links
 Dmitri N. Smirnov. An introduction to Herschkowitz from "Geometer of Sound Crystals: A Book on Philipp Herschkowitz"

1906 births
1989 deaths
Musicians from Iași
Romanian Jews
Moldavian Jews
Romanian emigrants to the Soviet Union
Soviet Jews
20th-century classical composers
Jewish classical composers
Romanian musicologists
Romanian classical composers
Soviet classical composers
Soviet male classical composers
Pupils of Joseph Marx
Pupils of Anton Webern
20th-century musicologists
20th-century male musicians

Philip Herschkowitz