The Global Open Water Swimming Conference is a conference on the sport of open water swimming, marathon swimming and swimming during triathlons and multi-sport endurance events. The conference is devoted to providing information about the latest trends, race tactics, training techniques, equipment, psychological preparation, race organization and safety practices used in the sports of open water swimming, marathon swimming and triathlons.

Participants
Speakers at the conference include English Channel world record holders, renowned coaches, world open water swimming champions, professional marathon swimmers, renowned coaches, race directors, officials and administrators from the Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania.

Those who give presentations include Greta Andersen, Shelley Taylor-Smith, Dan Empfield, Sid Cassidy and Ram Barkai.  Race directors from the Great Swim in Great Britain, Cadiz Freedom Swim in South Africa, Flowers Sea Swim in the Cayman Islands, Waikiki Roughwater Swim in Hawaii, Clean Half Extreme Swim in Hong Kong and Catalina Channel Swimming Federation and swimmers who have successfully swum the English Channel, Catalina Channel, Cook Strait, Tsugaru Strait, Strait of Gibraltar, Molokai Channel and the Manhattan Island Marathon Swim provide unique perspectives on their chosen sport.

Mission
The conference's mission statement is to provide opportunities to listen and meet many of the world's most foremost experts in open water swimming. Dozens of presentations cover every aspect of the vast and growing world of open water swimming where attendees can learn the latest trends, race tactics, training techniques, equipment, race organization and safety practices for open water swimming as a solo swimmer, competitive athlete, masters swimmer, triathlete, multi-sport athlete, administrator, race promoter or referee.

Beginning

The conference was first held in Long Beach, California and will be held in New York City and London over the next two years.
The Global Open Water Swimming Conference was started due to the desire and need for athletes, coaches, referees, administrators, promoters and sponsors from around the world to share, collect and learn information about the growing sports of open water swimming, marathon swimming and triathlons.  The conference offers four central themes: Training, Business, Racing and Lifestyle with each presentation geared towards providing different perspectives on these themes.

After the inclusion of marathon swimming in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and its announced return at the 2012 London Olympics in Hyde Park and at the 2016 Rio Olympics at Copacabana Beach, there was a growing need for sharing information between race directors, athletes, coaches, administrators and referees.

Awards

At the Global Open Water Swimming Conference, awards are presented to the World Open Water Swimming Man of the Year, the World Open Water Swimming Woman of the Year, the World Open Water Swimming Performance of the Year.  Special Lifetime Achievement Awards are also presented to individuals who have made significant contributions to the sport over their lifetime.

References

External links
 Official website
 Protecting Athletes: Open Water Swimming Safety Conference

International conferences
Sports conferences
Open water swimming

Global Open Water Swimming Conference


Commander Richard J. Aylard,  (born 10 April 1952) is a retired British Royal Navy officer and is a Director and Special Advisor to the Chief Executive of Thames Water. From 1991 to 1996 he was Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales.

Education
Richard Aylard was born on 10 April 1952 in St Pancras, London, and educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Barnet. His mother, Joyce Aylard, had been a Wren and codebreaker during World War II. His father, John Aylard, was an officer in the RNVR, serving on the PQ convoys to Russia.  Richard studied at the University of Reading, graduating with a BSc(Hons) in Applied Zoology with Mathematics, and at the Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management.

Royal Navy
Aylard joined the Supply and Secretariat Branch of the Royal Navy in 1972. He served on ,  and  between 1974 and 1977, being promoted to lieutenant on 16 November 1975. From 1977 to 1979 he was on the staff of FOSM, and 1979–81 was Flag Lieutenant to Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic.

He was Captain's Secretary on  1981–83, when he received the South Atlantic Medal for service during the Falklands War. He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 16 November 1983 and between 1984 and 1985, was Supply Officer on , where he served alongside Prince Andrew. In November 1985 he was appointed Equerry to Diana Princess of Wales, an office he held until 1988. He became a commander on 30 June 1987 and from 31 May to 30 September 1988, was temporary Assistant Private Secretary to the Princess.

Royal household
Aylard left the Royal Navy in July 1989, and from May 1989 to 1991, was Assistant Private Secretary and Comptroller to the Prince and Princess of Wales. From May 1991 until his retirement in 1996, he was Private Secretary and Treasurer to the Prince of Wales. He remains an Extra Equerry to Charles III (previously the Prince of Wales). He was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1994.

Subsequent career
From 1996 to 2002, Aylard was a consultant on environmental issues and public affairs at Burson-Marsteller. In 2002, he joined Thames Water as Corporate Responsibility Director, became their External Affairs and Sustainability Director is now a Director and Special Advisor to the Chief Executive.

Aylard is a Senior Associate of the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership, an Ambassador for WWF-UK and an Associate of Forum for the Future.

In popular culture
Aylard is portrayed by Alastair Mackenzie in season 5 of the Netflix TV series The Crown.

Footnotes

1952 births
Living people
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of the Falklands War
Alumni of the University of Reading
Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College
Equerries
People educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys
Thames Water
Military personnel from London
People from St Pancras, London
Members of the Household of the Prince of Wales

Richard Aylard


Tesco.com is an electronic commerce website operated by Tesco. It offers a wide range of other products, including electronic goods, books, broadband and financial services. Tesco closed their Tesco Direct website in 2018.

History
Tesco has operated on the Internet since 1994 and started an online shopping service named 'Tesco Direct' in 1997. Concerned with poor web response times (in 1996, broadband was virtually unknown in the United Kingdom), Tesco offered a CDROM-based off-line ordering program which would connect only to download stock lists and send orders. This was in addition to, rather than instead of, ordering via web forms, but was withdrawn in 2000. Tesco.com was formally launched on 11 April 2000. It also has online operations in the Republic of Ireland and South Korea. In 2003, tesco.com's CEO at the time, John Browett, received the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award for the innovative processes he used to support this online grocery service.

In 2001, Tesco.com invested in GroceryWorks, a joint venture with the American Safeway Inc. (who had long since sold-off their UK subsidiary and Tesco's former rival, Safeway plc), operating in the United States and Canada. GroceryWorks had stepped into the void left by the collapse of Webvan, but did not expand as fast as initially expected and Tesco sold its stake to Safeway Inc in 2006.

Tesco claimed in its 2005 annual report to be able to serve 98% of the UK population from its 300 participating supermarkets. In the financial year ended 24 February 2007, it recorded online sales up 29.2% to £1.2 billion and profit up 48.5% to £83 million, with over 250,000 orders per week.

Tesco launched its first home shopping catalogue in autumn 2006, as another channel for sales of its non-food ranges. This is integrated with the internet operation, with both channels being branded as "Tesco Direct".

Tesco launched an advertising campaign for its internet phone, marketing the service to customers by offering free calls to all other Tesco internet phone customers.

On 1 October 2006, Tesco announced it would be selling six own-brand budget software packages for under £20 each, including office and security suites, in a partnership with software firm Formjet.  As Formjet is exclusive distributor for Panda Security and Ability Plus Software, packages from these companies are likely to feature.

In June 2007, Tesco.com became the first home delivery company in UK to provide customers the option of delivering shopping in green boxes without carrier bags in a bid to reduce the amount of carrier bags used as part of Tesco's green commitment.  In return for customers going bag free they receive green clubcard points.  After trialling a fully bagless delivery service, Tesco stopped using plastic and paper carrier bags for all online orders delivered from 19 August 2019.  The only bags used from this date will be for small loose items such as nuts and small fruits which could not be placed loose in a delivery crate, and small bags for meat/fish items which might otherwise prove a hygiene risk.

In July 2009, Tesco became the first supermarket in the world to offer an API. This feature will potentially pave the way for smart appliances such as networked fridges that can automatically order food.

Tesco.com acts as a portal website to its other major on-line business areas: Tesco Grocery, Tesco direct, Clubcard, Bank, Clothing, Wine By The Case, and Tesco Entertainment.

See also
Bricks and clicks
Electronic business

References

External links
 http://www.tesco.com

Tesco
Retail companies established in 2000
Internet properties established in 2000
Online grocers
Online retailers of the United Kingdom

Tesco.com


A drinking game is a game that takes place in a social setting. In a drinking game, people have to drink alcoholic beverages, according to certain rules. If the drinking game is happening in a bar, or a restaurant, these rules also include who has to order the drinks, and who has to pay for them.

Drinking games are dangerous, because peer pressure can make people drink more than they should. This is one of the reasons why drinking games are popular with young people.

Drinking games have  existed since antiquity.

Usually a drinking game includes several of the following:

 Chance / Luck: there's a random event, and if it has a certain outcome the player is lucky.
 Rituals: A candidate in a group has to perform a certain ritual
 Skill: A given problem needs to be solved using skill (such as balancing something)
 Sports games: like carrying a case filled with beer bottles over a given distance, and having to empty all bottles before reaching the target line

Drinking game


Venatio (, "hunting", plural venationes) was a type of entertainment in Roman amphitheaters involving the hunting and killing of wild animals.

History
Venatio was first introduced by Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, who celebrated his Greek campaign by hosting games where gladiators would fight lions and panthers. He was possibly inspired by Alexander the Great's purported pastime of pitting lions against both men and dogs.

Exotic wild beasts from the far reaches of the Roman Empire were brought to Rome and hunts were held in the morning prior to the afternoon main event of gladiatorial duels. The hunts were held in the Roman Forum, the Saepta, and in the Circus Maximus, though none of these venues offered protection to the crowd from the wild animals on display. Special precautions were taken to prevent the animals from escaping these venues, such as the erection of barriers and the digging of ditches. Very few animals survived these hunts though they did sometimes defeat the "bestiarius", or hunter of wild beast. Thousands of wild animals would be slaughtered in one day. During the Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre (80), about 9,000 animals were killed.

Not all the animals were ferocious, though most were. Animals that appeared in the venatio included lions, elephants, bears, tigers, deer, cows, wolverines, zebras, ostriches, vultures, weasels, polecats, minks, horses, rhinoceroses, gazelles, giraffes, eagles, falcons, wild goats, parrots, dogs, camels, monkeys, wolves, jackals, foxes, hyenas, leopards, crocodiles, boars, hippopotamuses, and rabbits.  Some of these animals were trained, and instead of fighting, performed tricks.

The treatment given to wolves differed from the treatment meted out to other large predators. The Romans generally seem to have refrained from intentionally harming wolves. For instance, they were not displayed in the venationes due to their religious importance to the Romans.

Revered for its ferocity, the lion was extremely popular in venationes and gladiatorial shows. Thus the dictator Caesar used 400 lions (imported primarily from North Africa and Syria) in the Circus, where the inclusion of the foreign animal lent his shows extra panache. Indeed, obtaining the animals from the far-flung corners of the empire was an ostentatious display of wealth and power by the emperor or other patron to the populace, and was also meant to demonstrate Roman power of the whole human and animal world and to show the plebs of Rome exotic animals they might never see otherwise.

During the reign of Augustus Caesar the circus games resulted in the death of 3,500 elephants.

Executions

Following the venatio in the order of daily events was the execution of convicted Roman citizens of lower status, the humiliores. Usual forms of execution included burning at the stake, crucifixion, or ad bestias (when the prisoner is left alone in the ring with one or more wild animals).

Roman emperors often sentenced serious criminals — who then became known as bestiarii — to fatal encounters with the beasts in the Colosseum — an ancient "death sentence". These were the lowest social class of participants in the games.

See also
Atlas bear
Barbary lion
Blood sport
Spectacles in ancient Rome
Colchester Vase

References

Sport in ancient Rome
Hunting
Obsolete blood sports
Latin words and phrases

Venatio


The Black Tavern is an historic tavern at 138-142 Dudley Center Road in Dudley, Massachusetts.  The main block of the tavern was built c. 1803, and is one of the town's finest examples of Federal period architecture.  It originally housed a major stop on the stagecoach route between Boston, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut.  It is now maintained by a local preservation organization, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  In 2010 the listing was expanded to include the adjacent barn and annex, which the society acquired in 2000.

Description and history
The Black Tavern is located in the town center of Dudley, at the northeast corner of Dudley Center and Tanyard Roads, just north of the Nichols College campus.  It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior.  Its main block is five bays wide, with a center entrance framed by symmetrically placed sash windows.  A two-story ell extends to the left side, with a four-bay facade.  A single-story porch extends across the full width of both of these sections.  The main entrance has a finely detailed Federal period surround, including fluted pilasters and a half-round transom window.

Dudley was about halfway between Boston and Hartford, Connecticut, and was a major stopping point on the stagecoach route.  The tavern was built about 1803-04 by Hezekiah Healy, and served both the transient stage traveler as well as local residents.  The building was given its name after Healy supposedly decided to paint it black, reasoning that that color required less maintenance.  The building was extended by an ell to the rear in 1810 and another to the left side in 1835.  The porch running across its front that was added c. 1890.  In the 20th century the building was used by nearby Nichols College as a dormitory until 1980, after which it was given to the Black Tavern Society, a local nonprofit established to preserve the structure.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts

References

External links
 The Black Tavern - Dudley, MA - The Black Tavern Historical Society

Commercial buildings completed in 1803
Drinking establishments on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Dudley, Massachusetts

Black Tavern


Maria Torrence Wishart (September 6, 1893 – December 30, 1982) was a Canadian medical illustrator and the founder of the University of Toronto's Art as Applied to Medicine program. She was educated at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine under Max Brödel, and in 1925 returned to Canada to found the Department of Medical Art Service in the Faculty of Medicine.

Early life and education
Wishart was born September 6, 1893, to an affluent family in Edwardian Toronto. Her interest in medicine was influenced by her grandfather and father, who were both doctors. Wishart's brother, D. E. Staunton Wishart (1888–1958), was also a doctor who taught at the University of Toronto and served as the head of the ear, nose and throat department at the Hospital for Sick Children. After travelling in Europe, she returned to North America with the outbreak of WWI, and studied art in Massachusetts. In 1922 she moved to Baltimore to study with the renowned German medical illustrator Max Brödel in the Department of Art as Applied to Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. The training in Baltimore emphasized anatomical, pathological, and surgical illustration.

Career
In 1925 after moving back to Toronto, Wishart was appointed as an "artiste" in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. She founded, and was the first director of, the Department of Medical Art Service at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. She was the sole illustrator of all surgical and anatomical work for the first ten years of the service. In addition to artwork, Wishart also created wax models of human body parts, produced to scale, to allow for four-dimensional instruction. Dorothy Foster Chubb, another of Max Brödel's students, assisted Wishart as an illustrator from 1931 to 1939, before accepting a position with John C. Boileau Grant as an illustrator for his An Atlas of Anatomy. Chubb was replaced by Eila Hopper-Ross, who worked with Wishart until 1945.

In 1945 Wishart founded a three year diploma in medical illustration, the basis for the university's Master of Science in Biomedical Communications program. During a 1949 address to the University Women's Club, regarding medical illustration as a career, she explained that in addition to high academic achievement and fine art training "[t]he medical illustrator must be activated by to success by the desire to search for truth."

Wishart retired from the University of Toronto in 1962, succeeded by Nancy Joy. Following her retirement she pursued continuing education courses and worked as a sculptor. She died December 30 1982, at the age of 89 and her body was buried in a family plot at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto.

References

Further reading

Medical illustrators
Canadian illustrators
Canadian women illustrators
1893 births
1982 deaths
Artists from Toronto
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Canadian expatriates in the United States

Maria Torrence Wishart


Lumberton Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Lumberton, Robeson County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 64 contributing buildings and 1  contributing site in the central business district of Lumberton.  It includes buildings built between about 1840 to 1941 in a variety of popular architectural styles including Classical Revival and Streamline Moderne.  Located in the district are the separately listed Carolina Theatre and Planters Building.  Other notable buildings include the Proctor Law Office (c. 1840), McLeod Building (1879), (former) National Hotel, (former) Efird's Department Store, Huggins Star Shoe Shop (c. 1895), National Bank of Lumberton (1914), Dresden Cotton Mills Office Building, (former) Lumberton Municipal Building (1917), and Stephens Funeral Home (1936).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

References

External links

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Robeson County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Robeson County, North Carolina

Lumberton Commercial Historic District


Goiás is a Native Brazilian name, used by unspecified tribesmen to refer to themselves, derived from gua iá, "one like us".

The term may refer to:
 Goiás, a state in Brazil.
 Goiás, Goiás, a town in the state of Goiás.
 Goiás Esporte Clube, an association football club from the state of Goiás.

See also
 Goia (disambiguation)
 Goya (disambiguation)

Goiás (disambiguation)


Sir Edward Birkbeck, 1st Baronet  (11 October 1838 – 2 September 1908) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Biography
Birkbeck was born in 1838 and served as Conservative MP for North Norfolk from 1879 (being returned at a by-election following the death of Colonel Duff) to 1885 and for East Norfolk from 1885 to 1892. He was defeated in the 1892 general election by Sir Robert Price. He was created a baronet, of Horstead Hall, in the parish of Horstead, in the County of Norfolk on 9 March 1886. The baronetage became extinct in 1908 on his death.

Birkbeck resided at Horstead Hall, a mansion located in extensive and secluded grounds outside Horstead, Norfolk, remodelled in the Tudor style in 1835. He entertained Lord Salisbury there on at least one occasion (1887), and bred Jersey cattle there. Sir Edward greatly improved the farm buildings, adding, among other things, a watertower in the Italian style that remains a local landmark, cottages and one of the two lodges facing towards Buxton.

Sir Edward served as, among other things, President of the National Sea Fisheries Protection Association, and Chairman of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.

In June 1902 he was on board German torpedo boat S. 42 when it sank off Cuxhaven, after it was accidentally run over by the steam ship SS Frisby. Sir Edward had been granted passage in the torpedo boat from Heligoland to Cuxhaven, returning from the Dover to Heligoland yacht race, and survived unharmed, though the captain and several German crew members drowned.

Sir Edward Birkbeck died on 2 September 1908. The Horstead Hall estate passed to a collateral branch of the family. His wife survived him. A branch of the family still resides in the area, at Rippon Hall, a mansion in much the same style between Buxton and Reepham.

References

External links

1838 births
1908 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Deputy Lieutenants of Norfolk
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
UK MPs 1885–1886
UK MPs 1886–1892
People from Broadland (district)

Edward Birkbeck


Ayoub is the Arabic name of the biblical figure Job.

Ayoub or Ayyoub or Ayub or Ayoob and other variants is also a given name and a surname. Eyüp is the Turkish variant of the same name. Ejub is the Bosnian variant of the same name.

Given name

Ayoub
Ayoub Abdellaoui (born 1993), Algerian footballer
Ayoub Azzi (born 1989), Algerian footballer
Ayoub Baninosrat, Iranian wrestler
Ayoub Barzani, Kurdish writer and critic
Ayoub Boukhari (born 1997), Dutch footballer of Moroccan descent
Ayoub El Kaabi (born 1993), Moroccan footballer
Ayoub Latrèche (born 1989), Algerian footballer
Ayoub Odisho (born 1960), Iraqi Assyrian footballer
Ayoub Ouadrassi (born 1991), Moroccan footballer
Ayoub Al-Mas (born 1978), Emirati swimmer
Ayoub Mousavi (born 1995), Iranian weightlifter
Ayoub Murshid Ali Saleh, Yemeni citizen held in extrajudicial detention in the U.S. Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba
Ayoub Pourtaghi (born 1973), Iranian amateur boxer
Ayoub Rachane (born 1988), Moroccan footballer
Ayoub-Farid Michel Saab (or just Farid Saab) (born 1939), Lebanese banker
Ayoub Sadni (born 1999), Moroccan Paralympic athlete
Ayoub Sørensen (born 1988), Danish-Moroccan footballer
Ayoub Tabet (1884–1951), Lebanese Protestant politician and acting president of Lebanon during the French Mandate of Lebanon from 18 March to 22 July 1943
Ayoub Zolfagari (born 1959), Iranian footballer

Ayyoub
Ayyoub Allach (born 1998), Belgian-born Moroccan footballer

Ayoob

Ayub

Ayub Khan, a number of individuals with the name

Eyüp

Surname

Ayoub
Ahmed Ayoub (born 1971), Egyptian footballer
Elizabeth Ayoub, Venezuelan singer and actress of Lebanese descent
François Ayoub (1899–1966), Syrian Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo
George Ayoub (born 1963), Australian professional rugby union referee
Liam Ayoub, Lebanese-Australian rugby league player
Lucy Ayoub (born 1992), Israeli television presenter, poet and radio host
M. M. Ayoub, Egyptian Professor of Industrial Engineering
Mouna Ayoub (born 1957), French socialite and businesswoman of Lebanese origin
Nawal Ayoub Colombian beauty queen of Lebanese ancestry
Sam Ayoub, Australian rugby league player-manager
Samiha Ayoub, Egyptian actress
Serge Ayoub (born 1964), French activist of Lebanese descent associated with the French extreme right
Souheil Ayoub (born 1936), Lebanese fencer
Susanne Ayoub (born 1956), Austrian-Iraqi writer, journalist and filmmaker
Wadi Ayoub (1927–1976), Lebanese Greco–Roman style wrestler best known as Sheik Ali, in Australia and internationally
Yassin Ayoub (born 1994), Moroccan-Dutch footballer
Salahuddin Ayyub (1138–1193), Sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty, Liberator of Jerusalem. Kurdish-Syrian(Levant) descent

Ayyoub
Ali Abdullah Ayyoub (born 1952), Syrian politician, senior Syrian Arab Army officer
Habib Ayyoub (born 1947), Algerian writer
Tareq Ayyoub (1968–2003), Palestinian Arab television reporter

Ayoob

Ayoub


Pearsonothuria is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Holothuriidae. Pearsonothuria graeffei is the only species in the genus. Graeffe's sea cucumber is found in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean and the type locality is Viti Island, Fiji. It is named after Eduard Heinrich Graeffe, Semper's coworker at the Museum Godeffroy.

Description
Pearsonothuria graeffei is a roughly cylindrical, thin-walled sea cucumber that grows to about  in length. Its mouth, at one end, is surrounded by a ring of up to 24 leaf-like, paddle-shaped tentacles with black stalks which are black on the upper side and white beneath. The anus is at the other end of the body and there are several rows of tube feet along the underside. The colour of the adults is pale brown and white, with black speckles and small thorn-like protuberances.

By contrast, the juveniles are brightly coloured, being white and blue or black, with a few large, yellow, thorn-like projections. This colouration makes them closely resemble the sea slug, Phyllidia varicosa, the bright colours of which warn predators of its toxicity. The appearance of the juvenile sea cucumbers begins to change when they grow larger than the slug and the mimicry is no longer effective.

Distribution

Pearsonothuria graeffei is found in tropical parts of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The range extends from the east coast of Africa to the Philippines, Indonesia and the South Pacific. It is found on the seabed and on coral reefs at depths down to about .

Biology
Pearsonothuria graeffei is a scavenger and roams around on the seabed sifting through the sediment with its feeding tentacles. Any organic matter it finds is passed to its mouth by the tentacles. Its daily activities start within a few minutes of dawn and continue until half an hour after sunset after which time it adopts an inactive stance with its rear end raised and its tentacles retracted into its mouth. It then remains immobile during the night. They are known to spawn simultaneously with other Echinoderms, including the crown-of-thorns starfish and the sea urchin Diadema setosum.

When threatened or disturbed, many sea cucumbers eject cuvierian tubules, thin white sticky strands of viscera, from their cloacas. Pearsonothuria graeffei seems reluctant to do this except under conditions of extreme stress. The threads of this species contain glycosides that are toxic to the aggressor. The effect of these neuro-toxins is to prevent nerve impulses being transmitted, an effect similar to that produced by cocaine. The chemicals, echinoside A and ds-echinoside A, are being investigated for their possible use by humans as painkillers or anti-tumour drugs. Experiments in vitro show that they have marked anti-cancer activity in Hep G2 cells and that, when given to mice with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tumours (liver cancer), the weight of the tumours was reduced by about 50%.

References

External links

Holothuroidea genera
Monotypic echinoderm genera
Dendrochirotida
Fauna of the Indian Ocean
Fauna of the Pacific Ocean

Pearsonothuria


Wisconsin in the American Civil War, being a northern state, fought for the Union. When the Civil War started, Wisconsin raised 91,379 soldiers for the Union Army. They were organized into 53 infantry regiments, 4 cavalry regiments, a company of Berdan's sharpshooters, 13 light artillery batteries and 1 unit of heavy artillery. Most of the Wisconsin troops served in the Western Theater. However, several regiments served in Eastern armies, including three regiments within the famed Iron Brigade. A total of 3,794 were killed in action or mortally wounded. Another 8,022 died of disease. About 400 were killed in accidents. The total casualties were 12,216 men. This was about 13.4 percent of total Wisconsin enlistments.

Soldiers
Approximately 1 in 9 residents (regardless of age, sex or qualification for service) served in the army. In turn, half the eligible voters served. Wisconsin was the only state to organize replacements for troops that had already been sent to war. This led northern generals to prefer having Wisconsin regiments in their command if possible.

A number of Wisconsin regiments were distinguished, including three that served in the celebrated "Iron Brigade"&mdash. These were the 2nd Wisconsin, 6th Wisconsin, and 7th Wisconsin. All were noted for their hard fighting and dashing appearance. They were among the only troops in the Army of the Potomac to wear Hardee hats and long frock coats. They suffered severely at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. The 8th Wisconsin, another hard-fighting regiment, was often accompanied into battle by its mascot, Old Abe, a bald eagle.

In a January 1863 letter to his sister, Union soldier Chauncey Herbert Cooke, a private from Company G of the 25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, gave his reasons for fighting for the Union in the war, stating that "I have no heart in this war if the slaves cannot go free."

Women during the war
While men were fighting, many women needed to learn how to farm and do other manual labor. Besides having to tend to the home and children while the men were away at war, women also contributed supplies. Quilts and blankets were often given to soldiers. Other items women often sent included: shirts, sheets, pillows, pillowcases, coats, vests, trousers, towels, handkerchiefs, socks, bandages, canned fruits, dried fruits, butter, cheese, wine, eggs, pickles, books, and magazines. At one point, after the Battle of Resaca in Georgia, women sent every wounded man within a certain distance a fresh orange or lemon. These fruits were to quench the strong thirst that was known to accompany a wound.

Related pages
 List of Wisconsin Civil War units

References

Other websites
 Wisconsin in the Civil War
 Civil War changed Wisconsin
 The Civil War Home Front

19th century in Wisconsin

Wisconsin in the American Civil War


Eino Tamberg (27 May 1930 – 24 December 2010) was an Estonian composer whose works are performed internationally. He composed operas such as Cyrano de Bergerac, four symphonies, and several concertos. He taught composition for decades at the Estonian Academy of Music.

Life
Tamberg was born in Tallinn. He studied composition with Eugen Kapp at the Tallinn Conservatory, graduating in 1953. He worked as music director at the Tallinn Drama Theatre from 1952, and as sound engineer for the Estonian Radio from 1953 to 1957. As a composer, he first became known with his song cycle  (1955) based on poetry by Sándor Petőfi, and with his Concerto Grosso (1956), for which he won a gold medal at an international music festival in Moscow. Tamberg was an important initiator of the anti-romantic composition movement of the late 1950s. His vision on music composition belonged to the so-called New Wave in Estonian music. He became more known outside Estonia from approximately 1960, writing music for a large variety of genres, but in particular music for theatre and symphonic music.

Since 1969, he taught at the Estonian Academy of Music, where he was appointed professor in 1983. Among his students were Raimo Kangro, Margo Kõlar, Urmas Lattikas, Alo Mattiisen, Toivo Tulev, Peeter Vähi and Mari Vihmand. For the 1997/98 season he was composer-in-residence with the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra. He died in Tallinn.

Work
Tamberg was one of the most important representatives of neoclassicism in Estonian music, though his later works were more expressionistic in style. Two of Tamberg's notable works are the ballet Joanna tentata (1971) and the Trumpet Concerto No. 1 (1972). The Trumpet Concerto remains one of his most popular works and was performed not only in Europe, but also in Hong Kong and Singapore, and was recorded by Håkan Hardenberger. Tamberg also wrote four symphonies, a violin concerto (1981), saxophone concerto (1987), clarinet concerto (1996), a second trumpet concerto (1997), bassoon concerto (2000) and cello concerto (2001).

His second opera, Cyrano de Bergerac premiered in 1976. This romantic work shows the influence of early Baroque conventions and bel canto singing. It consists of three acts and an epilogue (Op. 45) and was written in 1974 using a libretto by Jaan Kross, based on the play by Edmond Rostand.

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations in 1995, he wrote his Celebration Fanfares, premiered in New York City conducted by Neeme Järvi. He was awarded an Estonian State Cultural Award in 2007 for his lifetime achievements.

Compositions
  (Prince Gabriel), suite, 1955
 Concerto Grosso, Op. 5, 1956
 Ballet Symphony, 1959
  (The Boy and the Butterfly), ballet, 1963
  (Iron Home), opera, 1965
 Music for the film  (To the Cold Land), 1965
 Joanna tentata, ballet, 1970
 Trumpet Concerto, 1972
 Cyrano de Bergerac, opera, 1974
 Symphony No. 1, 1978
 Amores, oratorio, 1981
 Symphony No. 2, 1982
 Lend (The Fly), opera, 1983
 Symphony No. 3, 1987
 Fanfare (Celebration Fanfares), 1995
 Sentimental Journey with a Clarinet,  1996
 Desiderium Concordia (Longing for Unity), after 1997
 Symphony No. 4, 1998

References

External links

1930 births
2010 deaths
Musicians from Tallinn
Estonian opera composers
Male classical composers
Male opera composers
20th-century Estonian composers
20th-century male musicians
Soviet composers
Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni
People's Artists of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 4th Class

Eino Tamberg


Binnelanders (previously Binneland and Binneland Sub Judice) is a South African Afrikaans soap opera. It is set in and around the fictional private hospital, Binneland Kliniek, in Pretoria, and the storyline follows the trials, trauma and tribulations of the staff and patients of the hospital. The series is produced by Friedrich and Elsje Stark of Stark Productions. By July 2023 Binnelanders airs season 19.

Production history

Binnelanders began as a weekly one-hour drama, the first episode of which was broadcast only in Afrikaans on 13 October 2005 on both M-Net and kykNET. Halfway through the show's second season, it became a daily half-hour soap opera, and English subtitles were introduced. It was broadcast directly after Egoli on M-Net in the 18:30 time slot. Programming shifted to the 18:00 timeslot in preparation for the conclusion of Egoli, after which Binnelanders would extend over a one-hour period, consuming both time slots. The title of the show was changed to Binneland Sub Judice, and a new legal firm, Rossouw, Paulse and Knight Incorporated (RPK), was added to the storyline, along with new characters. For the seventh season, the show was again renamed, this time to simply Binneland. The legal angle of the series was dropped, and the show was reverted to a half-hour time slot. Binneland was removed from M-Net in early 2011, the name was changed back to Binnelanders and the show is now broadcast exclusively on KYKNET.

Opening sequence

The theme song used in Binnelanders was written and performed by Afrikaans artist Jak de Priester. The title sequence was changed for Sub Judice, but later reverted to the original, with a few modifications.

Main cast

The main cast as of 06/07/21 is as follows:
 Hykie Berg as Dr. Conrad Bester
 Clint Brink as Dr. Steve Abrahams
 Reynard Hugo as Dr. Tertius Jonker
 Hans Strydom as Dr. At Koster
 Cindy Swanepoel as Dr. Annelize Roux
 Je-ani Swiegelaar as Naomi Koster
 Germandt Geldenhuys as Louis Koster
 Hannelie Warren as Ilse Ferreira
 Caiden Bouwer as Ruan de Beer

References

2005 South African television series debuts
Afrikaans-language television shows
Mass media in Pretoria
Medical television series
South African television soap operas
2000s South African television series
2010s South African television series

Binnelanders


Anan Anwar (; born 15 September 1986, in Thailand) is a Thai singer, traceur and actor. He is the fourth child of his Scottish mother and Thai Indonesian father. His older brother Joni Anwar was a member of the musical group Raptor.

Anan gained celebrity as a solo singer with the record company RS. He released his first album Anan in 1999 and followed it up with Fast Foot in 2000. Because he gained popularity with his hit song Talueng (ตะลึง), he received the lead role in the television drama Phom Ma Kap Pra (ผมมากับพระ, I'm with the Monks) on Channel 7. In 2001, he acted in Khrob Khrua Tua O. (ครอบครัวตัว อ.) on Channel 3 and later had many roles in various shows for teenagers. In 2002, he starred in the movie Kao Phra Khum Khrong (เก้า พระคุ้มครอง, Nine Warrior Monks). Anan is also a notable traceur from Sydney Parkour. He is also a key member in the founding of Team Farang.

Career

Dramas
 ครอบครัวตัว อ. (Khrob Khrua Tua O.)
 ผมมากับพระ (Phom Ma Kap Pra, I'm with the Monks)
 กระตุกหนวดเสือ (Kra Thuk Nwot Suea)

Filmography
 เก้า พระคุ้มครอง  (Kao Phra Khum Khrong, Nine Warrior Monks)

Discography
 Anan Anwar (1999)
 Fast Foot (2000)
 Earthshake (2001)
 Faen Phan Thu (2003)
 wonder boy (อัลบั้มรวมฮิต)
 Most Wanted (อัลบั้มรวมฮิต)
 พิเศษ Celebration (Phiset Celebration, Special Celebration)

References

Anan Anwar
Anan Anwar
Anan Anwar
Anan Anwar
Traceurs
1986 births
Anan Anwar
Anan Anwar
Anan Anwar
Living people

Anan Anwar


Hull, Florida is an unincorporated community in Southwest DeSoto County, Florida. About 150 people live there.

Hull had a creosote tie treating plant for the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railroad. The railroad was bought by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad in the 1920s.  The Seaboard Railroad kept using the creosote plant through the 1950s.  In the late 1920s, Hull became the junction of a new line of the SAL to Fort Myers and Naples.  Passenger service was done on the branch.  This line was stopped in 1953.

Unincorporated communities in Florida

Hull, Florida


Rhoda Dakar (born 1959) is a British singer and musician, best known as the lead singer of The Bodysnatchers, who were signed to the 2 Tone record label. She also worked with The Specials/Special AKA, and also other 2-Tone artists.

Career
Dakar, born in Hampstead, London, joined The Bodysnatchers in 1979. Their first single was a double A-side "Let's Do Rock Steady" backed with "Ruder Than You". It reached # 22 in the UK Singles Chart. The band were invited to appear on Top of the Pops, to tour with The Selecter and to record a session for BBC Radio 1 disc jockey John Peel. Their second single "Easy Life" coupled with their version of Bob Andy's "Too Experienced" reached number 50. Several members of the Bodysnatchers then left to form The Belle Stars.

Dakar also collaborated with The Specials. Her duet with Terry Hall, "I Can't Stand It", appeared on the album More Specials. She also sang backing vocals on Pearl's Cafe on the album. After The Specials announced their break up in 1981, Jerry Dammers formed  The Special AKA, along with Dakar and John Bradbury. Their first single release, "The Boiler", reached # 35 in the UK Singles Chart in 1982.

Dakar performed on The Special AKA album In the Studio, which featured the UK Top 10 single "Free Nelson Mandela". The album reached # 34 in the UK Albums Chart.

Her first solo album, Cleaning in Another Woman's Kitchen, was released in November 2007 on Moon Ska World. It featured acoustic versions of songs from the Bodysnatchers as well as material co-written with Nick Welsh, who attended the same comprehensive school as Buster Bloodvessel, and who recorded as King Hammond in the early 1990s. Dakar and Welsh released a garage rock album Back to the Garage on N1 Records in April 2009.

In 2009, she was the featured guest vocalist on the song "On the Town" on the Madness album The Liberty of Norton Folgate. She performed the track at their Madstock show in Victoria Park, London in July 2009.

In 2015, she returned to the studio to re-record The Bodysnatchers tracks for the album Rhoda Dakar Sings the Bodysnatchers. The line up for the recording included Lynval Golding and Horace Panter from The Specials, plus members of Pama International and Intensified.

In 2022, Rhoda had a guest appearance on the song "As We Live" on the album "In the Wild" by The Interrupters.

Discography

Singles

The Bodysnatchers
 "Let's Do Rock Steady"  UK #22  (March 1980)
 "Easy Life"  UK #50  (July 1980)

The Special AKA
 "The Boiler"  UK #35  (January 1982)
 "Racist Friend"  UK #60  (September 1983)
 "Free Nelson Mandela"  UK #9  (March 1984)
 "What I Like Most About You Is Your Girlfriend"  UK #51  (September 1984)

Rhoda Dakar
 "Everyday Is Like Sunday" (April 2021)
 "The Man Who Sold The World" (January 2022)
 "Walking After Midnight" (March 2022)
 "As Tears Go By" (July 2022)
 "What a Wonderful World" (January 2023)

Albums
 Various Artists, Dance Craze #5 (February 1981)
 Various Artists, This Are Two Tone UK #51 (November 1983)
 Various Artists, The Two Tone Story UK #16 (July 1989)
 The Special AKA, In the Studio UK #34 (June 1984)
 Rhoda Dakar, Cleaning in Another Woman's Kitchen (November 2007)
 Rhoda Dakar & Nick Welsh, Back to the Garage (April 2009)
 Rhoda Dakar, Rhoda Dakar Sings the Bodysnatchers (August 2015)
 Rhoda Dakar, The Lotek Four Vol. I (October 2016)
 Rhoda Dakar, The Lotek Four Vol. II (October 2018)

References

British ska musicians
English rock singers
English women singers
Women new wave singers
Musicians from Hampstead
1959 births
Living people
2 Tone Records artists
The Specials members

Rhoda Dakar


Liebenscheid is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Geography

Location
The community lies in the Westerwald between Siegen and Limburg on the boundaries with North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse. Liebenscheid belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rennerod, a kind of collective municipality.

Constituent communities
Liebenscheid has two outlying centres named Weißenberg and Löhnfeld.

History
In 1341, Liebenscheid had its first documentary mention in a partition treaty between the sons of Count Johann I of Nassau-Dillenburg. At this time there also stood Schloss Liebenscheid, a residential castle, which was later taken down.

In 1360, Liebenscheid, together with the neighbouring village of Weißenberg, was granted town rights by Emperor Karl IV, whereby the Emperor bestowed upon the two places the same rights that the Imperial town of Wetzlar held.

In the prison at Schloss Liebenscheid, Peter Paul Rubens's father, Jan Rubens, was once held for having a close relationship with Anna, William the Silent's wife.

Politics

The municipal council is made up of 12 council members who were elected in a majority vote in municipal elections.

Economy and infrastructure

West of the community runs Bundesstraße 54, leading from Limburg an der Lahn to Siegen. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Haiger/Burbach on the A 45 (Dortmund–Aschaffenburg), some 11 km away. The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line. The nearest air travel connection is offered by the Siegerland Airport lying a few kilometres west of the community.

References

External links
Liebenscheid in the collective municipality's Web pages

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Westerwaldkreis

Liebenscheid


SOLAR (acronym for Sound of Los Angeles Records)  was an American record label founded in 1977 by Dick Griffey, reconstituted out of Soul Train Records only two years after it was founded with Soul Train television show host and creator Don Cornelius.

History
SOLAR began in 1975 as Soul Train Records, founded by Dick Griffey and Soul Train creator Don Cornelius. The first act they signed was an R&B vocal quartet they named The Soul Train Gang (Gerald Brown, Terry Brown, Judy Jones, Patricia Williamson, and later Denise Smith), who performed one of Soul Train's many themes, "Soul Train '75". Their first album was entitled Don Cornelius Presents The Soul Train Gang. In 1976, their second album, The Soul Train Gang, produced by Philly's Norman Harris, was released. The Gang broke up in 1977.

That same year, Singer/drummer Arnie Oliver, aka Ahaguna G. Sun, and singer/guitarist Werner "Bear" Schuchner comprised Sunbear, a little-known soul/funk vocal duo that recorded in Los Angeles in 1977. Earth, Wind & Fire was a heavy influence on Sunbear, and there were also hints of Tower of Power and El Chicano in their sound. In 1977, Sunbear recorded its self-titled debut album for Don Cornelius and Dick Griffey's Soul Train Records, which evolved into Solar Records after Cornelius' departure in 1978. Sunbear broke up without ever recording a second album, and Oliver and Schuchner both went on to pursue other activities in the R&B world. Oliver became a member of Frankie Beverly's Maze, while Schuchner played guitar on albums by the Whispers, the Soul Train Gang, High Inergy, and others. In 1980, the Whispers recorded Sunbear's ballad "Fantasy" for their hit album Imagination.

Griffey formed a collective called Shalamar, using a host of session singers to record "Uptown Festival," a disco-length medley of early Motown hits. After scoring a hit with the recording, he looked to Cornelius to help him put together an actual group to maintain the impact.  In 1977, Soul Train dancers Jody Watley and Jeffrey Daniels and former Soul Train Gang member Gerald Brown (who was eventually replaced by Howard Hewett) were recruited to form the new Shalamar, which would become the fledgling label's centerpiece.  Cornelius wanted to shut down the label and Griffey paid him $300,000 for his interests in the label. Cornelius wanted to focus his energies on the TV show — which was a monster hit and required his full attention to keep it so. With legalities now taken care of, Griffey reorganized Soul Train Records into the newly founded SOLAR label in late 1977. Griffey and Cornelius remained good friends, and as a result SOLAR maintained close ties to the Soul Train show.

Success
SOLAR was known for several others who enjoyed success, including: The Whispers, Dynasty, Lakeside, Midnight Star, Klymaxx, Calloway, Carrie Lucas, Collage and The Deele — which introduced singer/songwriter/producer Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and future music executive Antonio "L.A." Reid. Griffey had always believed in giving new talents the opportunity to create and develop their craft, and he was introduced to songwriters/producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis by his A & R rep Dina R. Andrews (Dina Andrews Management Inc) who was the team's first manager, Reggie and Vincent Calloway, and Leon F. Sylvers III. The "SOLAR sound" was a collective effort, with artists working on each other's sessions and artists encouraged to be creative. Sylvers became SOLAR's house producer in 1978 and his signature basslines and productions helped mould the hit sound of SOLAR, which is funky, progressive dance music infused with soul and disco.

Decline
By 1987, the label began to see its commercial fortunes decline. Contributing to the decline were A&R problems with Shalamar, primarily, maintaining the group's identity and momentum as former members Hewett and Watley had departed and were having successful solo careers on other labels. The shifting musical directions of R&B, dance and popular music in general in the late 1980s and early 1990s also contributed to their decline.

Distribution
From 1977 to 1981, SOLAR was distributed by RCA Records, which had also distributed the Soul Train Records label during its two-year run. Griffey formed a second label, Constellation Records (no relation to the Chicago-based indie label founded by Ewart Abner) in 1981, which focused on more contemporary and top forty-geared acts to Griffey's more traditionally "urban" establishment (including Jon Gibson and Klymaxx).  Upon its formation, Constellation was distributed through Elektra/Asylum Records, making it only natural for the main SOLAR label to jump ship to Elektra for distribution when it left RCA.

In the meantime, the Constellation label moved to MCA Records for distribution in 1984. Shortly thereafter, Griffey decided to abandon contemporary music to focus all of his attention on running SOLAR, and retaining its sonic theme. Subsequently, MCA bought the Constellation imprint and absorbed its artists, including Klymaxx, which had been its biggest act.

SOLAR's relationship with Elektra lasted until 1986. After the Elektra distribution deal expired, SOLAR briefly took up distribution with Capitol Records until 1989, at which time it signed a new distribution deal with Epic Records, which oversaw what would ultimately become its twilight years. In the early 1990s, the label released its last recordings- 1991's Now by Richie Havens and Times 3's eponymous debut album, the soundtrack to the 1992 film Deep Cover, 3rd Avenue's 1992 debut album Let's Talk About Love, and 1993 The Deele album An Invitation To Love.

Part of the label's back catalog, which includes the pre-1984 Constellation back catalog, were eventually purchased by EMI, with many of its releases and compilations being re-issued through The Right Stuff Records. In 2009, Unidisc Music purchased part of SOLAR's back catalog for Canada, USA and South African territories. BMG owns the rights to part of the SOLAR catalog in the UK and Europe although the rights to SOLAR RECORDS as a trade mark and brand belong to the family of the late Dick Griffey according to the Intellectual Property Office.

UK relaunch
In 2018, 40 years after the founding of SOLAR Records, the label was relaunched in the UK by the family of the late Dick Griffey, according to issue 77 of UK Publication 'Soul Survivors Magazine' which featured an interview with both Carrie Lucas and new CEO Jessie Tsang. At the helm of the relaunched label is Griffey's widow Carrie Lucas, his daughter Carolyn Griffey and British Chinese music promoter and IP paralegal consultant Jessie Tsang. Solar Records incorporates the Soul Train Records and Soul Train Club brands. Jessie Tsang serves as CEO with Sonia Damney as Vice President. In 2022 Carrie Lucas, Carolyn Griffey, Dina Andrews, Virgil Roberts participated with US Cable channel TV One for a special episode of the UNSUNG TV series on Dick Griffey and Solar Records. The episode premiered on November 6th, 2022.

Artists
 Absolute
 Babyface
 Calloway
 Carrie Lucas
 Collage
 The Deele
 Dynasty
 Klymaxx
 Lakeside
 Midnight Star
 Ralph Butler
 Shalamar
 The Soul Train Gang
 The Sylvers
 The Whispers
 Times 3
 1-900
 3rd Avenue

In-house producers
Leon Sylvers III (1978-1983)
Reggie Calloway  (1983-1986)
L.A. Reid & Babyface (1986-1989)

In-house writers
Tania Carmenatti, Dana Meyers, Dennis "Den Den" Nelson, Dynasty members Nidra Beard & William Shelby, The Time member Ricky Darnell "Freeze" Smith, The Sylvers member Charmaine Sylvers, and Johnny Thomas Jr. were frequent writing collaborators on various SOLAR albums and/or for various SOLAR acts. Credits are courtesy of Tidal and Spotify.
(A majority of Beard and Shelby's written contributions to their own group are omitted)

See also
List of record labels

References

External links
Official Website

Record labels established in 1977
Defunct record labels of the United States
Rhythm and blues record labels
Soul music record labels
Soul Train
IFPI members
Post-disco record labels

SOLAR Records


Rushton Moreve (born John Rushton Morey; November 6, 1948 – July 1, 1981) was an American bass guitarist best known for his work with the rock band Steppenwolf from 1967 to 1968 and again in 1978.  According to singer John Kay, he was an intuitive bassist with a melodic style that brought a non-commercial sound to the band, a technique exemplified on the hit he co-wrote with Kay, "Magic Carpet Ride".

Moreve's early influence was essential in creating the unique musical style for which Steppenwolf became famous. He joined the band in 1967 and performed on their debut album, Steppenwolf, which was composed of covers and songs written by Kay. His influence was heavier on the follow-up, The Second, his final album with Steppenwolf. He was killed in 1981 in an auto accident.

Biography

Steppenwolf
Moreve joined the band in 1967, having responded to a "Bass Player Wanted" notice posted at Wallich's Music City at Vine and Sunset.
One of Steppenwolf's most popular songs was "Magic Carpet Ride", a song that evolved out of something Moreve had been working on – a simple but catchy three-note bass line.  While the band was recording its second album, Moreve played his song for the band. The band liked it.
Writing credits for "Magic Carpet Ride" were assigned to John Kay and Rushton Moreve. This was the only Steppenwolf song Moreve received credit for writing. It was released on the album Steppenwolf the Second.

Departure
He was eventually replaced by former Sparrows bassist, Nick St. Nicholas.  He was awarded his gold record for The Second when one of his producers recognized him on the street years later.  In 1978, he performed with a new Steppenwolf lineup with ex-Steppenwolf guitarist Kent Henry, who played on the For Ladies Only album .  This was a separate incarnation from the lineup with Nick St. Nicholas. Moreve eventually left this version of Steppenwolf when he and Henry had a major falling out.

Death
Moreve died in 1981 from injuries sustained in an automobile accident in Sun Valley, Los Angeles, California.

References

American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
Road incident deaths in California
1948 births
1981 deaths
Steppenwolf (band) members
20th-century American musicians
Guitarists from Los Angeles
20th-century American guitarists
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th-century bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians

Rushton Moreve


Short is an unincorporated community in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, United States. It was one of the earliest settlements in the county, and once had its own post office, a high school, a bowling alley, and three bars; but most of its former territory and its establishments were drowned by the damming of the Tennessee River and the subsequent creation of Pickwick Lake.

T. Jeff Busby was born near Short, and went on to be a US Representative from Mississippi from 1923 to 1935.

References

Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Tishomingo County, Mississippi

Short, Mississippi


Libreria antiquaria Bourlot is an historic antiquarian bookshop in Turin, Italy. It was founded in 1848 by Vittorio and Pietro Bourlot in the courtyard of a seventeenth-century palace at the Piazza San Carlo. It was owned by the Bourlot family for five generations. In 1947, owner Gian Vittorio Bourlot founded, with 18 other members, what is now known as the A.L.A.I. (Associazione Librai Antiquari d'Italia). For most of the last fifty years the shop has belonged to the Birocco family. The present owner is Marco Birocco.

See also
International League of Antiquarian Booksellers
 Books in Italy

External links
 bookstore information
ILIA information at the International League of Antiquarian Booksellers website

19th-century establishments in Italy
Bourlot
Companies based in Turin
Antiquarian booksellers

Libreria antiquaria Bourlot


John Karl Wetteland (born August 21, 1966) is an American former baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (1989–2000). He pitched for four teams: the Los Angeles Dodgers, Montreal Expos, New York Yankees, and Texas Rangers. A relief pitcher, Wetteland specialized as a closer, recording 330 saves during his career. With the Yankees, he won the 1996 World Series over the Atlanta Braves and won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award for saving four games in the series. After his playing career, he served as a coach for the Washington Nationals and Seattle Mariners. In 2019, Wetteland was arrested and indicted on charges of sexually abusing a child under the age of 14. These charges were later dismissed.

Playing career
Wetteland attended Cardinal Newman High School in Santa Rosa, California. The New York Mets selected him in the 12th round of the 1984 MLB draft, but he opted not to sign, feeling he was not ready for a professional career. He enrolled at the College of San Mateo. The Los Angeles Dodgers selected Wetteland as their second choice in the secondary phase of the 1985 MLB draft, and he signed with Los Angeles.

In 1986, Wetteland played for the Bakersfield Dodgers of the Class A California League, but struggled, pitching to a 0–7 win–loss record in 15 games, and was demoted to the Great Falls Dodgers of the Rookie-level Pioneer League. The Detroit Tigers selected Wetteland from the Dodgers in the 1987 Rule 5 draft, but was returned to the Dodgers during spring training in 1988, when they chose to carry Jim Walewander with their final roster spot. In 1988, Wetteland pitched for the San Antonio Missions of the Class AA Texas League. While playing in the Pacific Coast League, he garnered notice by earning 20 saves in 20 chances. He made his major league debut on May 31, 1989. After struggling with his first five starts in 1990, Wetteland asked to become a relief pitcher.

After the 1991 season, Wetteland was traded twice; first to the Cincinnati Reds with Tim Belcher for Eric Davis and Kip Gross in November, and then to the Montreal Expos with Bill Risley for Dave Martinez, Scott Ruskin, and Willie Greene in December. In 1992, he became the Expos' closer. On April 5, 1995, the Expos traded Wetteland to the New York Yankees for Fernando Seguignol.

During the 1996 season, he led the American League in saves, totaling 43, and appeared in the All-Star Game. During the 1996 World Series, Wetteland recorded four saves and the Yankees won the World Series against the Atlanta Braves in six games. Wetteland won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, recording the maximum four saves possible during the Series, tying the record for the most saves in a single postseason series (Dennis Eckersley first did it in the 1988 ALCS; since then, Greg Holland matched it in the 2014 ALCS), and setting a record for saves in the full postseason, with 7 (since then, Robb Nen, Troy Percival, Brad Lidge, Koji Uehara, and Holland, share this record). He was awarded with the 1996 Rolaids Relief Man Award.

The Yankees allowed Wetteland to leave as a free agent due to the emergence of Mariano Rivera. He joined the Texas Rangers on December 16, 1996, signing a four-year contract worth $23 million. Before the 1999 season, Wetteland underwent elbow surgery. The surgery robbed him of some of his fastball speed, forcing him to expand his repertoire to include a slider, curveball, and change-up. Wetteland was again named to the All-Star team for the 1999 season, where he pitched a scoreless 9th inning, and became the first Rangers pitcher to earn an All-Star save. His 43 saves that year set a new Rangers record. His final game was on September 20, 2000, and he retired at age 33 after his Rangers contract expired during the 2000 offseason.

Wetteland was awarded the Rolaids Reliever of the Decade after earning the most saves of any pitcher during the 1990s. He is also the Rangers all-time saves leader with 150. His final win/loss percentage was .516, with 48 wins and 45 losses.

In 2005, Wetteland was inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame.

Coaching career
The Washington Nationals hired Wetteland as their bullpen coach on January 27, 2006. However, on June 15, 2006, Wetteland was relieved of his duties due to a request from manager Frank Robinson, due to a "long line of transgressions and insubordination". He was offered another position within the organization.

Wetteland was announced as the bullpen coach for the Seattle Mariners on December 3, 2008. He served in this position until after the end of the 2010 season, when new manager Eric Wedge replaced him with Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers pitching coach Jaime Navarro.

Personal life

Wetteland grew up in a log cabin in Sebastopol, California. His father, Ed, played baseball in the Chicago Cubs organization. Wetteland and his ex-wife Michele met while he was playing for San Antonio in 1988. Through his relationship with Michelle, who became a born-again Christian at age six, Wetteland also became born again. They separated in 2014. Their divorce by state decree was final in 2015. They have four children.

On May 18, 2007, Wetteland was introduced as an assistant baseball coach and Bible teacher at Liberty Christian School in Argyle, Texas.

On November 12, 2009, Wetteland was hospitalized for what was originally said to be a "mental issue," in which a woman reported he was depressed and contemplating suicide. In subsequent statements upon Wetteland's release the same night, Wetteland and the Seattle Mariners indicated that the cause of the hospitalization was "because of an extremely high heart rate" linked to high blood pressure.

On January 15, 2019, Wetteland was arrested in Texas on child sex abuse charges due to allegations of "continuous sexual abuse of a child under the age of 14." Wetteland was accused of abusing a male relative between the ages of four and six by forcing him to perform a sex act on Wetteland on three occasions, between October 2004 and October 2006. Wetteland was released from jail on $25,000 bond. A grand jury in Denton County, Texas indicted him on the charges in March. The trial started on August 29, 2022, and on September 2, 2022 a mistrial was declared after the jury became deadlocked. All charges were dropped on March 27, 2023, as the prosecution concluded a second trial was unlikely to result in a conviction.

See also
List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders

References

External links

The Baseball Gauge
Venezuela Winter League

1966 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American League All-Stars
American League saves champions
Bakersfield Dodgers players
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from San Mateo County, California
Great Falls Dodgers players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Montreal Expos players
Major League Baseball bullpen coaches
Major League Baseball pitchers
World Series Most Valuable Player Award winners
New York Yankees players
San Antonio Missions players
San Mateo Bulldogs baseball players
Seattle Mariners coaches
Texas Rangers players
Vero Beach Dodgers players
Washington Nationals coaches
West Palm Beach Expos players
Cardinal Newman High School (Santa Rosa, California)

John Wetteland


Richard Ettinghausen (February 5, 1906 – April 2, 1979) Princeton, New Jersey was a German-American historian of Islamic art and chief curator of the Freer Gallery.

Education
Ettinghausen was born in  Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Frankfurt in 1931 in Islamic history and art history.

Career
From 1929 to 1931, he worked on the Islamic collection of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Berlin under the direction of Ernst Kühnel and the collector/archaeologist Friedrich Sarre.

In 1934, due to the rise of the Nazis, he immigrated first to Great Britain and then to the United States, where he joined the staff of Arthur Upham Pope at the Institute of Persian Art and Archaeology in New York. From 1937 to 1938, he taught his first class at the Institute of Fine Art, New York University. In 1938 he was appointed an associate professor at the University of Michigan.

In 1944, Ettinghausen left Michigan to join the Freer Gallery. The following year he married the art historian Elisabeth Sgalitzer. He also lectured at Princeton University. In 1961 he was appointed chief curator of the Freer. During his tenure at the Freer, he built the collection into one of the finest collections on Islamic art in the world. He wrote a book "Arab Painting: Treasures of Asia, Vol IV" published by Editions d'Art Albert Skira, Geneva in 1962.

In 1966, Ettinghausen left the Freer to become Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Islamic Art at the Institute of Fine Art, New York University.  Together with the Middle East historian R. Bayly Winder he founded the Kevorkian Center the same year at NYU.

Three years later, he also became the Consultative Chairman of the Islamic Department of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. At the Metropolitan, he was instrumental in installing the galleries to their sensitive arrangement.  His text, with Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam 650-1250 in the Pelican History of Art series, appeared posthumously in 1987.

Ettinghausen was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974 and the American Philosophical Society in 1976.

Both a Jew and an avid Islamicist, his ties to Israel found expression in his promotion of the establishment of a museum for Islamic art in Jerusalem.

Ettinghausen died of cancer in Mercer, New Jersey.  The library in the Kevorkian Center is named in his honor.

Posthumous
After his death, Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi acquired Ettinghausen's private library. These works were then donated to the newly built House of Wisdom in Sharjah.

See also
 Islamic art
 Madiha Omar

References

External links
Dictionary of Art Historians
Richard Ettinghausen entry in Encyclopaedia Iranica

Bibliography
Kleinbauer, W. Eugene. Modern Perspectives in Western Art History: An Anthology of 20th-Century Writings on the Visual Arts. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, p. 89
Porada, Edith.  "Richard Ettinghausen." Yearbook of the American Philosophical Society 1979 pp. 58–61
Cook, Joan. "Richard Ettinghausen, Teacher, A Leading Islamic Art Authority, Planned Turkish Exhibition, Taught at Princeton." New York Times April 3, 1979, p. C18

German art historians
Historians of Islamic art
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy
Jewish historians
1906 births
1979 deaths
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
University of Michigan faculty
20th-century German historians
German male non-fiction writers
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Members of the American Philosophical Society

Richard Ettinghausen


Landguard Fort is a fort at the mouth of the River Orwell outside Felixstowe, Suffolk, designed to guard the mouth of the river. It is now managed by the charity English Heritage and is open to the public.

History

Originally known as Langer Fort, the first fortifications from 1540 were a few earthworks and blockhouse, but it was King James I who ordered, from 1621, the construction of a square fort with bulwarks at each corner.

In 1667, the Dutch, under Michiel de Ruyter, landed a force of 2,000 men on Felixstowe beach in front of (what is now called) Undercliff Road East and advanced on to the fort, but were repulsed by Nathaniel Darrel and his garrison of 400 musketeers of the Duke of York & Albany's Maritime Regiment (the first Royal Marines) and 100 artillerymen with 54 cannon.

The fort was considered part of Essex in the 18th and 19th centuries; births and deaths within the garrison were recorded as 'Landguard Fort, Essex'.

A new Fort battery was built in 1717, and a complete new fort on an adjoining site was started in 1745 to a pentagonal bastioned trace. New batteries were built in the 1750s and 1780s. The biggest change occurred in the 1870s when the interior barracks were rebuilt to a keep-like design and the river frontage was rebuilt with a new casemated battery covered by a very unusual caponier with a quarter-sphere bombproof nose. Several open bastions were enclosed, and a mock ravelin block was constructed to house a submarine mining contingent.

Two landscapes were commissioned, c.1755, from Thomas Gainsborough - then still little-known and living at Ipswich (1750-9) - for the Governor's Quarters at Landguard by his friend Philip Thicknesse, Lt. Governor of Landguard Fort. These were later destroyed by the damp conditions at the Fort, but an engraving of one of them survives.

In the Napoleonic Wars, the strength and combat readiness of the Fort caused the Army repeated concern. In 1801, General Lord Cornwallis, Eastern District commander-in-chief visited Landguard Fort. After 1804 steps were taken to extend and strengthen the Fort with the supply and ammunition stores moved across to Harwich for safety. The badly-disciplined garrison had drunk gin found on a captured smugglers' boat leading to the death of four soldiers, probably from alcohol poisoning.

During the Second World War, Landguard Fort was used as one of the launch sites of Operation Outward. This was a project to attack Germany by means of free-flying hydrogen balloons that carried incendiary devices or trailing steel wires (intended to damage power lines.) Between 1942 and 1944, many thousands of balloons were launched.

The main uses of the Fort and nearby structures were:

 Headquarters for the coast artillery guns defending Harwich Harbour. In 1944 radar was installed for their fire control. By 1941 4 6-inch and 2 twin six-pounder guns were operational on the Landguard Peninsula, housed in concrete emplacements which still remain;
 Headquarters and Plot Room for the heavy anti-aircraft defending the Harwich-Ipswich area. This function was moved to Martello Tower Q in Felixstowe town in 1941;
 Naval Port War Signal Station; controlling ship movements in and out of Harwich Harbour, Stour and Orwell;
 Remote control station for defensive minefields in the harbour entrance.

Observers on top of Landguard Fort witnessed and plotted many air raids, German minelaying actions, shipwrecks and air crashes. In 1944, in a probable false alarm, the Landguard guns opened up on supposed German midget-sub raiders in the harbour entrance. Later that year, Allied landing ships loaded at the former RAF piers just to the north.

The 10-inch gun pit in Left Battery was converted into an Anti-aircraft Operations Room for Harwich in 1939.

The Army left the Fort in 1957.

The fort has been structurally consolidated. It is now under the guardianship of English Heritage and is open to the public.

See also
 Governor of Landguard Fort
 Walton Castle, Suffolk

References

Bibliography
 The History of Landguard Fort in Suffolk by Major J. H. Leslie, Eyre & Spottiswoode (pub. 1898) available online at the Internet Archive
J P Foynes analyses the Fort's wartime history in some detail in "East Anglia against the Tricolor" (published 2016), "The Battle of the East Coast" (1994) and "Who was to Blame for the Loss of HMS Gipsy?" (2005). Each book gives relevant archival references.
 Suffolk Invasion: The Dutch Attack on Landguard Fort, 1667 by Frank Hussey, Terence Dalton Ltd. (pub. 1983). Reprinted by the Landguard Fort Trust, 2005.

External links

Landguard Fort - official site at English Heritage
Felixstowe Museum
Landguard Anti Aircraft Operations Room
Landguard Fort
Landguard Fort, photographs, July 2007
 Archeological field survey of fortifications: English Heritage
 Conservation and management of Landguard Fort and Batteries: English Heritage
Landguard Bird Observatory

English Heritage sites in Suffolk
Device Forts
Forts in Suffolk
Grade I listed buildings in Suffolk
Grade I listed forts
Napoleonic war forts in England
Felixstowe
Archaeological sites in Suffolk
Museums in Suffolk
Military and war museums in England
Local museums in Suffolk
Bird observatories in England

Landguard Fort


Inglis Fletcher (October 20, 1879 – May 30, 1969) was an American writer.

Early life
Inglis Clark was born October 20, 1879, in Alton, Illinois, the daughter of Maurice W. Clark and Flora Chapman.

Career
Inglis Fletcher is known for numerous novels and plays, especially her Carolina Series. She spent much of her life traveling and living around the country with her husband, John George Fletcher, a miner.

Research about her maternal ancestors in Tyrell County, North Carolina, sparked Fletcher's interest in eastern North Carolina, which led her to research and write the novels within her Carolina Series, including Lusty Wind for Carolina, Men of Albemarle, and Raleigh's Eden, among others.

She published verse and publicity material and she was a book reviewer in S. P. Women's City Club magazine.

She was a manager of famous lecturers and co-manager with Alice Seckles in "Seckles–Fletcher Popular Lecture Series" in San Francisco and Oakland; she was also associated in management for the 1928–29 season in Los Angeles and Sacramento.

In 1928 she went on a six months' trek to the interior of the British East Africa, unaccompanied by any white person, to a region never before visited by a white woman — and by very few white men — for the study of native "Voodoo" and other pagan religious practices.

She was the originator of the Junior Red Cross Hospital program in Spokane Public Schools.

She was a member of American Pen Women and Daughters of the American Revolution.

Personal life
Inglis Fletcher moved to San Francisco in 1925 and lived at 2442 Leavenworth Street, San Francisco, California.

Inglis Clark married John G. Fletcher. They had one son, Stuart.

She died on May 30, 1969, and is buried with her husband in the Wilmington National Cemetery in Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina.

Legacy
Fletcher donated her oil portrait, painted by North Carolina artist, William C. Fields, to Fletcher Residence Hall and her papers to East Carolina University's Manuscript Collection at Joyner Library.

In 1996 she was inducted in the North Carolina Literary Hall of Fame.

References

External links
 East Carolina University Icons Gallery profile
 Inglis Fletcher Papers (#21), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
 NCpedia Biography

1879 births
1969 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
People from Alton, Illinois
Novelists from Illinois
American women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights

Inglis Fletcher


The Knight shift is a shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency of a paramagnetic
substance first published in 1949 by the UC Berkeley physicist Walter D. Knight.

For an ensemble of N spins in a magnetic induction field , the nuclear Hamiltonian for the Knight shift is expressed in Cartesian form by:

, where for the ith spin  is the gyromagnetic ratio,  is a vector of the Cartesian nuclear angular momentum operators, the
 matrix is a second-rank tensor similar to the chemical shift shielding tensor.

The Knight shift refers to the relative shift K in NMR frequency for atoms in a metal (e.g. sodium) compared with the same atoms in a nonmetallic environment (e.g. sodium chloride). The observed shift reflects the local magnetic field produced at the sodium nucleus by the magnetization of the conduction electrons. The average local field in sodium augments the applied resonance field by approximately one part per 1000. In nonmetallic sodium chloride the local field is negligible in comparison.

The Knight shift is due to the conduction electrons in metals. They introduce an "extra" effective field at the nuclear site, due to the spin orientations of the conduction electrons in the presence of an external field. This is responsible for the shift observed in the nuclear magnetic resonance. The shift comes from two sources, one is the Pauli paramagnetic spin susceptibility, the other is the s-component wavefunctions at the nucleus.

Depending on the electronic structure, the Knight shift may be temperature dependent. However, in metals which normally have a broad featureless electronic density of states, Knight shifts are temperature independent.

References

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Chemical physics

Knight shift


Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts, (formerly Jamaica School of Art and Crafts), is an art school in Kingston, Jamaica. In 1940, Edna Manley pioneered evening art classes at the Institute of Jamaica's Junior Centre but it was not until 1950 that the first formal arts school opened at the DaCosta Institute at 1 Central Avenue, Kingston Gardens. A number of leading Jamaican artists collaborated with Manley to open the first art school in Jamaica, including Albert Huie who became one of the tutors. 64 paying students enrolled in the first year and due to unexpected interest expanded the school at 11 North Street.

History
Barrington Watson established a four-year Diploma curriculum to the teaching of Art when the country gained independence in 1962. By 1964-65 the college had 86 full-time and 84 part-time students. After being renamed in 1967 to the Jamaica School of Art, in 1976 the school was incorporated into the Cultural Training Centre and moved to its new facilities at 1 Arthur Wint Drive, expanding its scope to include Art, Music, Dance, and Drama governed by the Institute of Jamaica under the Ministry of Culture.

In 1987, Edna Manley died and it was later officially designated a college in 1995, renamed as the Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts. In September 2004, the School of Visual Arts launched its degree program and today offers Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) and a Bachelor of Art Education (BAE) degrees and a BA degree course offered jointly with the University of the West Indies. There is also a Continuing Education division that offers part-time courses. College contact: (876) 619-EDNA (3362)

Other information
Jamaican music artist and deejay Beenie Man filmed part of the video for his single "Nuff Gal" on the school campus in 1996.

Faculties
The College consists of the following faculties:
 The School of Visual Arts
 The School of Music
 The School of Dance
 The School of Drama
 The Faculty of Education and Liberal Studies
 The School of Continuing Education and Allied Programmes

Notable alumni
 Camille Chedda, Jamaican visual artist and academic.

 Pearle Christian, Dominican music educator, composer, choral music director, and cultural worker.
 Heather Doram, Antiguan artist and educator, who designed the national costume of Antigua and Barbuda.
 Laura Facey, Jamaican contemporary artist.

 Donnette Zacca, Jamaican fine art photographer, lecturer, and artist.

See also
Edna Manley

References

External links
 Aerial view
 College Website

Universities in Jamaica
Education in Kingston, Jamaica
Educational institutions established in 1995
Buildings and structures in Kingston, Jamaica
1995 establishments in Jamaica