Peter Lefcourt (born 1946) is an American television producer, a film and television screenwriter, and a novelist.

Lefcourt's early career involved writing teleplays for primetime series such as Cagney and Lacey, Scarecrow and Mrs. King (both of which he also produced), Eight is Enough, and Remington Steele, among others. He penned the scripts for the television movies Monte Carlo, Cracked Up, Danielle Steel's Fine Things, and The Women of Windsor. In more recent years he executive-produced and wrote for Beggars and Choosers and Karen Sisco.

Lefcourt was nominated for a 1984 Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for Cagney and Lacey and won the following year.

Much of Lefcourt's fiction has been inspired by his true-life experiences working behind-the-scenes in Hollywood. His first novel, The Deal, was adapted for the screen by William H. Macy and debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. Several others of his books are under option or in various stages of development for feature films.

His other novels are The Dreyfus Affair (1992), Di & I (1994), Abbreviating Ernie (1997), The Woody (1998), Eleven Karens (2003), The Manhattan Beach Project (2005), Le Jet Lag (2007), An American Family (2010) and Purgatory Gardens (2015).

Lefcourt lives with his wife Terri in Santa Monica, California.

In a 2012 interview with Larry Mantle on KPCC's Airtalk, Lefcourt stated he signed with Amazon.com to publish and distribute his most recent book "with some trepidation". He said friends told him he was 'joining the enemy', but his backlist is selling better electronically on Amazon.com than in it did at traditional booksellers while in print.

Bibliography
The Deal, about a down-and-out movie producer whose leading man is kidnapped from the set during filming
The Dreyfus Affair, a comic look at homophobia in baseball with many allusions to the historical event
Di & I, a fictionalized account of Lefcourt's love affair with Diana, Princess of Wales
Abbreviating Ernie, about a Prozac-popping Schenectady housewife accused of murdering her urologist husband
Le Jet Lag, Charlie Berns returns along with 4 hapless Americans at the Cannes Film Festival
The Woody, inspired by his research for an HBO film about the 1995 Bob Packwood scandal
Eleven Karens, an erotic memoir of his love affairs with eleven women named Karen
The Manhattan Beach Project, a spoof of reality television featuring the lead character in The Deal
An American Family, A sprawling narrative of five siblings, born in the 1940s, beginning on the day John F. Kennedy was shot and ending on 9/11.

References

External links
Official website

1941 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
Television producers from California
Writers from Santa Monica, California
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Screenwriters from California

Peter Lefcourt


The Russian Revolution was a series of revolutions in the Russian Empire from 1905 to 1917. The events destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and helped to create the Soviet Union, which lasted from 1922 to 1991.

The first revolution was on 8 March 1917, but in Russia, it was recorded as 28 February 1917 because Russia still used the Julian calendar until 1918, instead of the Gregorian calendar, which is used today. Tsar Nicholas II was forced to step down and was replaced with the socialist Provisional Government, which was meant to rule for a short time until the country became stable again.

The second revolution, the October Revolution, was in October of the Julian calendar and so the term Red October is used to describe the events although they happened in November of the Gregorian calendar.

Communist Bolsheviks replaced the Provisional Government and later created the Soviet Union.  The royal family was put under house arrest, and it was shot and killed in July 1918.

Background
During the 1890s, improvements in Russian industry put more jobs in cities. This made the cities larger as people moved there. The workers in the cities, with increasing levels of education, began to develop an interest in politics and the creation of political parties to try to change their lives for the better. The conditions in which they lived and worked in were horrible. Poor people from other parts of the Russian Empire like Poland and Ukraine also created their own parties to try stop the Russians oppressing them.

This added to the people's anger, and after the Tsar's guards fired at a peaceful protest of workers, a rebellion began.  That did not really change anything, but Nicholas promised to create an elected Parliament, or Duma.

The Duma was elected for the first time in March 1906. There were both left-wing and right-wing opponents to it, including socialists and people who were very loyal to the Tsar. There were also arguments over whether or not to take power from the Tsar and give it to more ordinary people. Nicholas eventually dissolved the Duma three times, and because that stopped them from being able to say anything against him, people became angry.

In 1914, Russia joined World War I against Germany. At first, people thought that was a good decision, and the country was united by patriotism. However, there were huge problems with supplies, and by 1915, many soldiers were being sent to fight without guns. Communications were bad, and army officers argued so much that they did not make plans well. The soldiers became unhappy, and over 3,000,000 Russians died.

St. Petersburg was also renamed to Petrograd by the Tsar in 1914 because he thought that the name sounded too German, especially for a capital.

In 1915, the Tsar took personal control of the Russian Army, and moved to the army headquarters. That was a mistake. He did not improve the situation, but he now began to be blamed for it. The fact that he was not near the government also meant that his wife, Queen Alexandra, was left in charge. Whenever the Duma tried to warn her that the people were angry, she would say that they were lying and so she would ignore them. She even ignored a report by the secret police, the Okhrana, which said that a revolution might happen if things did not get better for ordinary people.

February Revolution
The first revolution began with a series of strikes in early February 1917. People in food queues in Petrograd, began a demonstration and were joined by thousands of women, who left the fabrics factories in which they worked. The strike spread through the capital. By February 25, most of Petrograd's factories had to close.

That evening, Nicholas II sent the chief of the army in Petrograd a telegram, which told him to use his soldiers to stop the strikes. The army chief did so, but the soldiers joined the workers, instead of stopping them, and the police also joined them. The government's power collapsed.

On March 15, Nicholas abdicated, and control of Russia was given to a socialist Provisional (Government.

Conditions from February to October
After the February Revolution, the Provisional Government was challenged by a large group of workers, the Petrograd Soviet. The government leader, Alexander Kerensky, tried to improve things by allowing freedom of speech and freeing political prisoners, but people were becoming more unhappy because there was not enough food, wages went down, and the national debt grew to 10 million rubles.

Vladimir Lenin arrived in Petrograd in April 1917. He was a communist, and the Provisional Government was socialist. He had been exiled to Switzerland by the Tsar, but the Provisional Government had allowed him to come back. He began to lead a communist group called the Bolsheviks.

In July, the Bolsheviks spent four days demonstrating against the government. The military attacked them. Lenin was forced to escape to Finland until August, when the Bolsheviks were asked to help defend the government against a takeover by the army. The result was that their reputation improved, and the government gave them weapons.

The Provisional Government's reputation kept getting worse. The Bolsheviks' reputation got better because they refused to work with the Provisional Government until both sides  compromised.

October Revolution
On October 10, the Bolsheviks' Central Committee voted to start a revolution. One began in Estonia on October 23. Another started in Petrograd two days later. This time, the revolution was mostly peaceful. The Bolsheviks' Red Army took over many government buildings without a fight, and only two people were killed. It ended with the takeover of the old Tsar's Winter Palace on the morning of October 26, when the Provisional Government was arrested.

The Soviets took power and formed a Congress, a new government, which began on October 25. Some members who were not Bolsheviks walked out during its first few meetings, but that made little difference to its decisions. The people who left were taunted by Leon Trotsky on their way out. He told them to go "where you belong... the dustbin of history!" All parties that opposed the Bolsheviks were eventually broken up, and their leaders were arrested.

The Congress began to get rid of private property. That meant that all land and money was to be owned by the people, and control of factories was given to their workers.

Aftermath
Several countries that had been in the Russian Empire before the Revolution, such as Estonia and Ukraine, had been asking for independence since February. As the new government formed they declared and were allowed independence.

In Russia, enemies of the Bolsheviks organized a White Army and began the Russian Civil War. In July 1918, countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom and France, sent more than 15 armies to help the White Armies. The ex-Tsar and his family were shot to stop them from being freed. To win the war, Lenin diverted food and supplies to the Red Army. The plan worked since the Bolsheviks won the war, but between 3 and 10 million people died of hunger.

The Third Russian Revolution was an anarchist revolution against the Bolsheviks and the White Army that lasted from 1918 to 1922.

Some European countries recognized the Soviet Union as a proper country in the early 1920s, but the United States refused to do so until 1933.

Related pages
 Islamic Revolution

References

1917 in Russia

Russian Revolution


North Prairie is a village in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. It is located in the Town of Genesee, near the town's southwestern corner. The population was 2,202 at the 2020 census.

History
Thomas Sugden and two fellow prospectors from Mukwonago named the village in 1826 (they had gotten this far, "and, as they did not go any farther north, they concluded to call this North Prairie"). Blacksmiths from Eagle, Chas. Raynaus and Mr. Denny, were the first settlers to arrive that following year, although the first claim came from Stillman Smith. Farmers began to settle the North Prairie in the 1830s to raise their prize livestock and grain. The population grew and in 1840 Raynaus began the first school from his house.

By 1850 the village had a general store and post office. The Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad went through in 1852, but the village remained mostly rural. North Prairie would later become one of the area's more noted residential centers. A rumor of oil in 1866 enabled the North Prairie Petroleum Company to fund $50,000 "to dig a hole & extract oil or minerals," but this venture was a failure.

St. John's Lutheran Church was built in 1877 and North Prairie later incorporated in 1919. Morey Milk Condensery opened a plant in 1917 and by 1920 North Prairie saw a jump in growth due to this industry. Morey Milk employed over 200 people and became a primary source of income to more than 85% of the village households. The plant was sold in 1924 and is no longer in operation.

In an interview with the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in 2003, the previous owners of Bill's Self-Service and Mini-Mart, Bill and Avis McKenzie, described how the village boomed in the 1940s and 1950s. "We had three grocery stores, a hardware store, a mill, a granary, a post office, a drug store with eating counter, a few taverns with eating space, and three service stations, which at that time all had garages for car repair... One by one, they left town. Now we have one tavern, two service stations, a diner - and Bill's Service."

Geography
North Prairie is located at 42°55'59" North, 88°24'4" West (42.933087, -88.401050).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which,  of it is land and  is water.

Industry

Located in Waukesha County, North Prairie was in the center of a world-leading region of dairy production. With the decline of local dairy production due to urban sprawl, North Prairie has become a bedroom community for commuters to Milwaukee, Waukesha, and surrounding communities.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,141 people, 773 households, and 604 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 799 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 98.0% White, 0.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 773 households, of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.6% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 21.9% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.14.

The median age in the village was 41 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 34.6% were from 45 to 64; and 8.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,571 people, 531 households, and 449 families residing in the village. The population density was 592.4 people per square mile (228.9/km2). There were 544 housing units at an average density of 205.1 per square mile (79.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.17% White, 0.00% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.13% from other races, and 0.32% from two or more races. 1.08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 531 households, out of which 44.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.6% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.4% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $67,596, and the median income for a family was $70,781. Males had a median income of $41,977 versus $27,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $24,470. 2.1% of the population and 1.3% of families were below the poverty line. 2.0% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government
Under the direction of Village President, the Village Board oversees the functions of the Board of Review, Clerk/Treasurer, Zoning Board of Appeals, Trustees, North Prairie CDA, Finance Committee, Emergency Board, Public Safety and Protective Services, Public Works - Building and Grounds, Municipal Court, Planning Commission, and Police Department.

Parks and recreation
 Veterans Park located off Highway 59 contains a garden area with historic stone houses that have been restored in the past ten years by Don Beranek. It also maintains a pavilion, tennis courts, a children's play area and other amenities.
 Village Park, located on Karin Drive, features a pavilion, softball diamond, soccer fields and a children's play area.
 Broadlands Golf Club, located off Highway 59, opened to the public in August 2000. The golf course has 18 championship style holes and has a driving range. The golf club also features a club house, which has a banquet hall.

Education
Prairie View Elementary School is located on Highway E, set into the gently rolling hills and oak savanna of the kettle moraine area of Wisconsin. The elementary school is a part of the Mukwonago Area School District. There are 2-3 teachers in each grade.

Notable people

 John Grimshaw, Wisconsin State Representative
 Daniel Kelly, Wisconsin Supreme Court justice
 Arthur Oliver Smith, industrial magnate and founder of the A.O. Smith Corporation
 Gorman Thomas, MLB player
 William Zeiman, Wisconsin State Representative

References

External links
 Village of North Prairie
 Prairie View Elementary School

Villages in Wisconsin
Villages in Waukesha County, Wisconsin

North Prairie, Wisconsin


Edward P. Roski Jr. (born 1938) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He is a billionaire, president of Majestic Realty, and appeared at #115 on the Forbes 400 in 2021, and owns more than 83 million square feet of real estate across the United States, as a business park developer through his company. Roski has served as its president since 1994, and previously as the executive vice-president and chief operating officer, from 1978 to 1994. He is a partial owner of the Los Angeles Kings, and the Los Angeles Lakers, and owns the Silverton Las Vegas. He is also a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War and art collector.

Early life and education
Roski was born in 1938, in Oklahoma. His father Ed Roski Sr., was the son of a poor immigrant family from Poland who did not finish high school. Roski Sr. served in the United States Navy during World War II, then moved the family to Southern California, where he founded Majestic Realty in 1948. Roski Jr. attended Loyola High School in Los Angeles, and graduated from the University of Southern California in 1962, with a bachelor's degree in real estate and finance. He joined Majestic Realty in 1966.

United States Marine Corps
Roski enrolled in the United States Marine Corps after graduating in 1962. After attending The Basic School at Marine Corps Base Quantico, he reported to the First Marine Brigade, and was later assigned to 1st Battalion, 4th Marines. In 1965, Roski was deployed from Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay to South Vietnam. He was wounded in Chu Lai during Operation Starlite, and was awarded a Bronze Star Medal and two Purple Hearts.

In 2000, General James L. Jones and the Marine Corps Scholarship Foundation honored Roski with its Semper Fidelis award. In 2007, Roski founded the Land of the Free Foundation to support war veterans and families, and he has contributed more than $10 million to its efforts. In October 2017, Roski earned the Circle of Honor Award from the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation.

Professional sports teams
Roski became a minority owner of the Los Angeles Kings in 1995 and a minority owner of the Los Angeles Lakers in 1998. Roski and Philip Anschutz were majority owners of the Los Angeles Arena Company, looking to replace the Great Western Forum for the Kings, and exercised an option to buy 25% of the Lakers, with the Lakers agreeing to become a tenant in the planned arena. During his minority ownership, the Lakers won NBA Championships in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010 and 2020; and the Kings won the Stanley Cup in 2012 and 2014.

Roski proposed a stadium in the Los Angeles suburb of the City of Industry for a National Football League team. In 2010, the California legislature passed a bill that gave Roski an exemption to environmental review for the $800 million stadium proposal. The deal was not completed, due to the announcement of the SoFi Stadium instead. Roski was also part of a $1 billion project to build Allegiant Stadium for the relocated Oakland Raiders and the UNLV Rebels football teams, but later pulled out of the project.

Philanthropy
Roski has served as Chairman and a trustee on the University of Southern California board of directors. In 2006, he and his wife donated $23 million for its fine arts school, since renamed the USC Roski School of Art and Design. In 2016, Roski and his wife donated $25 million to the eye institute at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. Roski set up the Majestic Realty Foundation in 2002, a community outreach program focusing on youth, family, education, health and violence prevention. The foundation makes grants of over $2 million annually.

Personal life
Roski was married to Gayle Garner Roski until her death on October 21, 2020. They had three children, and resided in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles.

Roski has bicycled across Ireland, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Russia. He has visited the wreck of the RMS Titanic in a Russian submersible, and gone deep diving in waters off New Guinea. His Mountaineering ventures include base camp at Mount Everest, K2, and Mount Kilimanjaro. He purchased ticket #128 on Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo.

Roski is an honorary director of The Explorers Club, and is part of the National Geographic Society executive committee. He has served on the boards of directors for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Bowers Museum, the California Science Center, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, the House Ear Institute, and Loyola High School. Roski is a collector of African art, Indigenous Australian art, and Indigenouisms from Oceania. He donated the "Spirits and Headhunters" exhibit, on display at the Bowers Museum.

References

External links
 Edward P. Roski Jr. • Profile • Majestic Realty Co.

1938 births
Living people
American billionaires
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
American people of Polish descent
American real estate businesspeople
American sports businesspeople
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
Los Angeles Kings owners
Los Angeles Lakers owners
National Geographic Society
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League owners
Stanley Cup champions
United States Marines
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
University of Southern California alumni

Ed Roski Jr.


Rapture is a fictional city in the BioShock series published by 2K Games. It is an underwater city that is the main setting for the games BioShock and BioShock 2. The city also briefly appears in BioShock Infinite, and is featured in its downloadable content, Burial at Sea. The game's back-story describes the city as envisioned by business tycoon Andrew Ryan in the mid-late 1940s as a means to create a utopia for mankind's greatest artists and thinkers to prosper in a laissez-faire environment outside of increasing oppression by the world's governments and religion. However, the lack of government made many people uneasy, and the masses turned toward political activists like Atlas who advocated stability under a government, turning the city into a dystopia; and on the eve of 1959, a civil war broke out, leaving much of Rapture's population dead. The remaining citizens either became psychotic "Splicers" due to the effects of ADAM, a substance that can alter genetic material, or have barricaded themselves from the Splicers to protect themselves, leaving the city to fail and fall apart around them.

The player first experiences Rapture in BioShock, in 1960, a year after the fateful riots, as a man named Jack that has come to Rapture after a plane accident over the mid-Atlantic Ocean where the city was located; during this, the player comes to learn more about Ryan's motives and those that he struggled against to keep the city's ideals until the very end. In BioShock 2, the player takes the role of a "Big Daddy", a heavily modified humanoid in an armored diving suit, designed to maintain the city, and would soon come to serve the purpose of protecting the Little Sisters as they collect ADAM from "Angels", which are dead bodies that harbor significant amounts of ADAM; this takes place eight years after the events of the first game, and while Ryan has been killed, there remain those that vie for the vacuum left in his position of power.

Rapture makes a brief appearance near the climax of BioShock Infinite, which is otherwise set in a different dystopian city, Columbia. Downloadable content for Infinite is set in Rapture on New Year's Eve 1959, a year before the events of the first BioShock and on the day of the civil war.

Concept and creation

The concept of Rapture was the brainchild of Ken Levine, founding member and creative director of Irrational Games, (briefly renamed 2K Boston just prior to BioShocks release, but later returned to their former name). Ken Levine had studied the works of Ayn Rand, George Orwell, and Aldous Huxley and other works of utopian and dystopian societies as part of his liberal arts degree. He had also had fascination with the story of Logan's Run. Levine also considered the nature of the horror genre, noting works such as The Shining where there is the need for a feeling of loss for the horror to be effective. Rapture's Art Deco architecture was heavily inspired by the locations and buildings of New York City, like the Rockefeller Center. Gotham City from the Batman universe also served as inspiration. Shawn Robertson stated that Art Deco fit really well into BioShock's budget, as the finished Art Deco models had large and simple solid shapes and were low poly. Rapture features a vast number of various artwork, and advertisements for businesses within the city, which many were inspired by real-world vintage advertisements.

Description

Rapture is an underwater city, located in the north Atlantic Ocean somewhere between Greenland and Iceland. It is only accessible by a system of bathyspheres. The city was designed to be self-sufficient, growing and raising its own crops as well as using the surrounding sea life for food, and taking advantage of submarine volcanoes to provide geothermal power to its population. The city consists of many "skyscrapers", inter-linked by walkways and tunnels, with watertight doors between neighboring sections to isolate areas from the rest of the city should they ever become flooded. The buildings, both inside and out, feature a distinctive Art Deco design motif, reflecting on the era during which they were built (the mid-late 1940s). In addition to living quarters, Rapture features shopping areas, entertainment venues, laboratories, manufacturing plants, medical facilities, and other common services provided by a functional city.

Though Rapture was built as a utopia for creative individuals to flourish, the city soon became a dystopia. Part of the downfall of Rapture was the discovery of ADAM, stem cells harvested from a previously unknown species of sea slug. Scientists in Rapture found that ADAM could be used to overwrite the human genome, allowing its users to literally "splice" super powers (such as telekinesis) into their DNA. The lead scientist, Dr. Brigid Tenenbaum, discovered that ADAM could be mass-produced by implanting the sea slug in the stomachs of young orphaned girls, who came to be known as "Little Sisters". The implantation process only worked on female children for an unknown reason. As Rapture began to fall into social chaos, in part due to the mental instability that came about from increased ADAM use, the Little Sisters were mentally reconditioned to extract ADAM from the dead and recycle it. In order to protect the girls from ADAM-hungry lunatics, Dr. Suchong generated genetically modified humans in armored diving suits, and assigned them to protect a specific Little Sister. These beings became known as "Big Daddies".

When the player experiences the city, roughly one/ten years after the collapse of its society (one year in BioShock, ten years in BioShock 2), the majority of Rapture's population is dead; the few that survive have either become psychotic "Splicers", or survivors that have barricaded themselves from the Splicers. While most of the city's automated systems still operate, large swaths of the city have become flooded, while others have been damaged beyond repair, either as a result of the bloody civil war that tore Rapture apart, or as a consequence of the Splicers' ADAM-induced psychotic episodes. ADAM harvesting Little Sisters, accompanied by their Big Daddy protectors, continue to wander Rapture during the player's experiences in the city.

History

Rapture was formally founded on November 5, 1946.

As described in the games' backstory and through in-game audio recordings, the city of Rapture was envisioned by the Randian business magnate Andrew Ryan, who wanted to create a laissez-faire state with no ties to the rest of the world to escape what he saw as increasingly oppressive political, economic, and religious authority on land. The city was fully completed in 1951. Scientific progress flourished in Rapture, leading to rapid developments in engineering and biotechnology, such as the invention of ADAM, thanks in part to the brilliant scientists that Ryan brought to the city.

Though residents were hand-picked for their success on the surface, as time passed, the gap between rich and poor increased. This was exploited by Frank Fontaine, a businessman in charge of the plasmid industry who secretly established an illegal smuggling ring with the outside world while simultaneously creating charitable organizations to manipulate the underclass. A violent attempt to overthrow Ryan reportedly killed Fontaine, but the player's experience in BioShock reveals that Fontaine survived, disguising himself as the proletarian hero 'Atlas'. On New Year's Eve of 1959, Fontaine/Atlas and his ADAM-infused followers began a new revolt against Ryan, targeting a masquerade party hosted by the city-famous Kashmir Restaurant, that spread throughout Rapture. Ryan in turn began splicing his own forces, and his paranoia had reached such a level he was hanging dozens of people, mostly innocent, in Rapture's Apollo Square. As the war disrupted production and supply, every ADAM user in the city eventually went violently insane. By the end of the 1959 revolt, Ryan's utopia had become a dystopia, and only a handful of non-mutated humans survive in barricaded hideouts.

In the events of BioShock, Jack, the player-controlled protagonist, ends up in Rapture after a plane crash in the middle of the ocean leaves him close to the city's bathysphere surface terminus. In the course of the game, it is learned that Jack is Ryan's illegitimate son, and was purposely brought to Rapture to be used as a cat's paw against the founder by Fontaine/Atlas. When Jack finally meets Ryan, the latter is well aware of Jack's identity and mental conditioning, and orders Jack to kill him, ending his life on his own terms and rejecting the control Fontaine has over his son. Fontaine leaves Jack to die, but he is rescued by Tenenbaum and her Little Sisters, and together they attack and kill Fontaine.

In the power void left by the deaths of Ryan's and Fontaine, a previously disgraced public figure named Sofia Lamb seizes power in the following decade. In contrast to Ryan's belief of empowering the individual, Lamb's ideals are favoring the collective, and she is able to build "The Family", a cult-like following of the remaining citizens of Rapture to achieve her goals. During the events of BioShock 2 (which takes place ten years after the events of the first game), the player takes the role of the first prototype Big Daddy, Subject Delta, as Lamb's plans progress to their final completion to extend The Family to the surface. The destinies of Delta, Lamb, and Eleanor, Lamb's daughter and Delta's original Little Sister, are determined by the player's action during the game, though the endings involve escaping a section of Rapture flooded by Lamb. The fate of Rapture is left open after the completion of the game.

More details about the origins of Rapture are provided in the novel BioShock: Rapture, a prequel novel by John Shirley, released in 2011. The novel tells the backstory of the creation of Rapture, the underwater city's deterioration, and the civil war following the coming of plasmids. The novel ends shortly before the story in the first BioShock game begins. The novel was originally called BioShock: the Rise and Fall of the Ryan Empire.

The Burial at Sea downloadable content expansion for Bioshock Infinite explores a series of events that lead to the Rapture civil war. The story follows Elizabeth as she approaches Booker DeWitt, who works as a private investigator in Rapture, to investigate the disappearance of a young girl named Sally. Elizabeth claims that Sally is alive, and that a local artist named Sander Cohen may have information regarding her whereabouts. Throughout the course of the DLC, many details surrounding Atlas' rebellion, the link between Rapture and the floating city of Columbia, and the origin of the bond between Big Daddies and Little Sisters are revealed.

In BioShock, which took place in 1960 (a mere year after the civil war began), extensive internal damage from the war and flooding is seen. In 1968, as seen in BioShock 2, the damage is far more widespread, and many buildings have been fully flooded and collapsed. Without Sofia Lamb following the events of BioShock 2, the lack of sane people left in the city indicates that the power vacuum left by her was never filled, and the remaining Splicers likely lived in a state of anarchy and chaos before dying. By the time of the investigative report in There's Something in the Sea (the 1980s) it is unlikely anything was left of Rapture. Though it was never explicitly stated, the Splicers had likely all died and Rapture's buildings had fully collapsed by the 21st century, leaving nothing but a ruined heap of aluminum on the ocean floor where the once shining utopian city stood.

Reception

In reviews for BioShock, many reviewers praised the representation of Rapture. Charles Herold of The New York Times wrote that the city was "a fascinating creation" and that there was something "both wonderful and disturbing" in exploring the ruins of Andrew Ryan's creation.

Notes

References

Further reading

BioShock (series)
Dystopian fiction
Fictional city-states
Underwater civilizations in fiction
Video game levels
Video game locations
Video games set in abandoned buildings and structures
Fictional elements introduced in 2007

Rapture (BioShock)


Tofieldia is a small genus of flowering plants described as a genus in 1778. It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

Tofieldia was once placed in the lily family, but now generally included in the newer family Tofieldiaceae. The genus sometimes includes species of genus Triantha. Tofieldia are rhizomatous perennial herbs with spikes or racemes of lily-like flowers.

The name Tofieldia commemorates the British botanist Thomas Tofield.

Species
 Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb. - much of Europe from Spain to Ukraine
 Tofieldia cernua Sm. - Siberia + Russian Far East
 Tofieldia coccinea Richardson - Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Korea, Alaska, Canada
 Tofieldia divergens Bureau & Franch. - China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
 Tofieldia furusei (Hiyama) M.N.Tamura & Fuse - Honshu
 Tofieldia glabra Nutt. - North and South Carolina
 Tofieldia himalaica Baker - Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
 Tofieldia × hybrida A.Kern. ex Asch. & Graebn. - Austrian and Italian Alps
 Tofieldia nuda Maxim. - Honshu, Kyushu
 Tofieldia okuboi Makino - Japan, Kuril Islands
 Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers. - Subarctic + Subalpine Europe, Asia and North America
 Tofieldia thibetica Franch. - Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan
 Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino - Korea, Japan

References

External links
Jepson Manual: Tofieldia
USDA Plants Profile

Tofieldiaceae
Alismatales genera

Tofieldia


Luleå Theatre Academy () is a Swedish drama school in Luleå and part of the Luleå University of Technology.

The Theatre Academy was started in the autumn of 1996 as a joint project between the former University College of Technology and the regional Theatre of Norrbotten. This was the fourth university college of drama in Sweden and the first drama school in Norrland on a university level. It is situated next to the Norrbotten Theater House and thereby has close cooperation with them.

External links
Luleå University of Technology

Drama schools in Sweden
Luleå

Luleå Theatre Academy


The Computerspielemuseum (German for Computer Game Museum) is a video game museum founded in 1997. From 1997 to 2000, it had a permanent exhibition in Berlin. Afterward, it became an online-only museum. In 2011, the museum reopened its permanent exhibition in Berlin's neighborhood of Friedrichshain, on Karl-Marx-Allee. During the first month of its permanent exhibition, it had 12,000 visitors.

General

The Computerspielemuseum opened the first permanent exhibition in the world for digital interactive entertainment culture in 1997 in Berlin. After that, it became responsible for 30 national and international exhibitions. Among these was the project "pong.mythos" sponsored by the German Federal Cultural Foundation, Germany's most successful traveling exhibition in the history of computer games. In the last five years, over 470,000 visitors have seen this exhibition. The museum contains around 25,000 data storage devices with games, around 12,000 technical magazines, many historical arcade games, home computers and console systems, and an extensive amount of other documents, for example: videos, posters, and handbooks. It contains one of the largest collections of entertainment software and hardware in Europe.

The Computerspielemuseum's collection is the property of the Booster Club for Youth and Social Work. The museum itself is run by Gameshouse GmbH. Building the new permanent exhibition was financed by the German Lottery Fund in Berlin and from the Cultural Investment Program of Berlin's Cultural Affairs Department.

There are over 300 interactive exhibits illustrating the cultural history of computer gaming. One of the highlights is an actual video arcade from the 1980s with authentic arcade games from the decade that launched video games into popular culture.  All console game systems are on display from the original Magnavox Odyssey from 1972 to more recent household devices like the Nintendo systems and all versions of the PlayStation family.  An original exhibit in the museum is called the "PainStation", where the loser of the game is subject to physical punishment such as heat or a mild electric shock.

The Computerspielemuseum is a member of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) as well as the Nestor project, which is financed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Projects
The museum is a cooperative partner of the EU research project ''PLANETS (Preservation and Long-term Access through Networked Services). Besides that, it is also a contributor to the EU research project Keeping Emulation Environments Portable.

Special exhibitions

The Computerspielemuseum shows in special exhibitions chosen games, books, merchandise etc. to different topics.

 Tell me more! Tell me more!- Fiction & Computergames (by we love old games, 2018)
 Monsters Attack Planet Earth (by we love old games, 2018)
 Bonus Level Japan (2019)

Prizes
The museum won the German Children's Cultural Prize in 2002 and the Deutscher Computerspielpreis (German Computergames Prize) in 2017 in the category Special Award.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
1997 establishments in Germany
Amusement museums
Computer museums
Media museums in Germany
Museums established in 1997
Museums in Berlin
Technology museums in Germany
Video game exhibitions
Video game museums
Video gaming in Germany

Computerspielemuseum Berlin


Virgin Radio is a brand owned by the Virgin Group used by a number of different radio stations worldwide under licence from Virgin.  Virgin Radio stations in each country are usually owned independently of the Virgin Group.

The stations generally carry independent programming, but have access to some shared programming, usually linked to other Virgin entities such as the V Festival. Virgin Radio stations are normally classified as rock music or contemporary hit radio stations.

Stations include:
 France: Virgin Radio France
 See also: Ouï FM
 Canada (Toronto, ON): Virgin Radio 999
 Canada (Vancouver, BC): Virgin Radio 953
 Canada (Montreal, QC): Virgin Radio 96
 Canada (Calgary, AB): 98.5 Virgin Radio
 Canada (Ottawa, ON): Virgin Radio 1069
 Italy: Virgin Radio Italia
 Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Virgin Radio Dubai
 India: Virgin Radio India
 Thailand: Virgin Radio Thailand
 Turkey: Virgin Radio Turkey

Former stations:
 UK: Virgin Radio UK (renamed Absolute Radio on Monday 29 September 2008)
 UK: Virgin Radio Classic Rock (renamed Absolute Classic Rock on Monday 29 September 2008)
 UK: Virgin Radio Xtreme (renamed Absolute Xtreme on Monday 29 September 2008)
 UK: Virgin Radio Groove (Closed April 4, 2008)

Other websites
 Virgin Radio International - Virgin Group unit responsible for licensing the Virgin Radio brand
 Virgin Radio Canada
 Virgin Radio France
 Virgin Radio Thailand
 95.5 Virgin Hitz
 Eazy FM 105.5
 Virgin Radio Dubai
 Virgin Radio Turkey

Radio
Virgin Group

Virgin Radio


Agnese Grigio (born 12 January 1963 in Albignasego) was an Italian Paralympic athlete. She won a silver medal at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, in the Pentathlon, and bronze medal in the 800 meters. In 2014, she was awarded the Silver lion by the Veneto regional, Italian National Olympic Committee.

Life
Visually impaired from birth, she attended schools graduating as a massage therapist at the L. Configliachi Institute of Padua. She also started training in sport. She worked, and she continued as a pentathlete and middle-distance runner, winning two medals in the 1984 Paralympic Games

For personal reasons, she soon stopped her athletic career, continuing to play torball (a discipline not present in the Paralympics), at national and international levels.

She is the sister of Emanuela Grigio.

References

1963 births
Italian athletes
Living people

Agnese Grigio


Unter den Linden (, "under the linden trees") is a boulevard in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. Running from the Spree River to the Brandenburg Gate, it is named after the linden trees (known as lime in England and Ireland, not related to citrus lime) that line the grassed pedestrian mall on the median and the two broad carriageways. The avenue links numerous Berlin sights, landmarks and rivers for sightseeing.

Overview

Unter den Linden runs east–west from the Berlin Palace, the former main residence of the royal House of Hohenzollern, reconstructed (after the demolition of the communist Palace of the Republic) on its old site opposite the Lustgarten park, to Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate. Major north–south streets crossing Unter den Linden are Friedrichstraße and Wilhelmstrasse, both meeting at Mehringplatz and running across the Friedrichstadt, a city expansion founded in 1691.

Eastward the boulevard crosses the Spree river, slightly kinked due to the oblique position of the long side of the palace compared to the boulevard, at the Lustgarten with Berlin Cathedral, and continues as Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, itself continued as Prenzlauer Allee, to the northern outskirts. The western, dead straight continuation behind Brandenburg Gate is the Straße des 17. Juni (formerly Charlottenburger Chaussee), which in turn is extended to the west by the straight sequence of Bismarckstrasse and Kaiserdamm, an axis, widened in 1904, that runs from Berlin Palace more than 10 kilometers across the city to the western outskirts where, slightly elevated, one can survey the length of the axis. The extension of the Linden alley to this gigantic axis was inspired by the Boulevards of Paris. The Kurfürstendamm, the magnificent shopping mile in the historically elegant west of Berlin, was similarly inspired.

Unter den Linden, which sits at the heart of the historic section of Berlin, developed from a bridle path laid out by Elector John George of Brandenburg in the 16th century to reach his hunting grounds in the Tiergarten from his palace. It was replaced by a boulevard of linden trees when the Electress Dorothea Sophie planned a new suburb in 1674, named after her Dorotheenstadt. She is said to have planted the first linden tree in 1680. Parts of the fortification of Berlin built in the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War (the baroque Berlin Fortress) were later integrated into the boulevard, around the historic Opernplatz, the present-day Bebelplatz, visible until today as there are no trees on this stretch up to the palace on the Spree river island itself. Bebelplatz itself was planned by Frederick the Great as a much larger Forum Fridericianum, albeit on a smaller scale actually realized with his State Opera, St. Hedwig's Cathedral, the Old Library Building and the Palace of Prince Henry, today the main building of Humboldt University, giving the square an almost complete surround of 18th-century buildings.

By the 19th century, as Berlin grew and expanded to the west, Unter den Linden became the most renowned and grandest street in Berlin. In 1851 the famous equestrian statue of Frederick the Great, designed by Christian Daniel Rauch, was erected on the central strip. Johann Strauss III wrote the waltz "Unter den Linden" in 1900. In the course of the building of the Nord-Süd-Tunnel for the Berlin S-Bahn in 1934–35, most of the linden trees were cut down and during the last days of World War II the remaining trees were destroyed or cut down for firewood. The present-day linden were replanted in the 1950s.

As the location of the pre-1914 German Foreign Ministry building, "the Under den Linden" was sometimes used as a shorthand for the German government when talking of German foreign policy.

Points of interest

Since 1937, the numbering of the properties on the street has started at the Schlossbrücke (Palace Bridge), which connects Unter den Linden with the Lustgarten and Museum Island. The reconstructed Alte Kommandantur is at No. 1, standing opposite the Zeughaus arsenal, the oldest building on Unter den Linden, built between 1695 and 1706, now the seat of the Deutsches Historisches Museum, No. 2. Buildings along the street include (from east to west) the Crown Prince's Palace (the former palace of the Hohenzollern crown princes), at No. 3, opposite the Neue Wache war memorial, No. 4,  Karl Friedrich Schinkel's masterpiece built in 1817. Further along, on Bebelplatz, the Berlin State Opera, No. 7, colloquially called Lindenoper, St. Hedwig's Cathedral and the Altes Palais, No. 9, (Old Palace, Berlin) a favorite Neoclassical residence of Emperor Wilhelm I; next, on the north side lies the main building of the Humboldt University, No. 6, and House I of the Berlin State Library, No. 8.  At the western end are the Russian Embassy (former Soviet Embassy, Nos. 63-65, the Hungarian Embassy, No. 76, standing at the junction with Wilhelmstrasse, and finally the Hotel Adlon, No. 77, at the corner of Pariser Platz, which has been completely rebuilt on the site of the pre-war hotel. Well-known statues of Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt in front of the university as well as of the Prussian generals Scharnhorst and Bülow, also adorn the street.
A street sign carrying the name Unter den Linden dating from before the 1930s was taken away by British forces and can now be seen at the Imperial War Museum, London.

Along Unter den Linden

See also
Berlin Brandenburger Tor station – formerly Berlin Unter den Linden
Berlin Unter den Linden station – U-Bahn station at the Friedrichstraße intersection, served by U5 and U6 trains.

External links

 Unter den Linden - Interactive 360° Panorama
 Webcam: Live-View of the street Unter den Linden with Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany

Streets in Berlin
Boulevards
Mitte
Prussian cultural sites
Articles containing video clips

Unter den Linden


Collingwood "Cherry" Ingram (30 October 1880 – 19 May 1981), was a British ornithologist, plant collector and gardener, who was an authority on Japanese flowering cherries.

Personal life
Collingwood Ingram was a son of Sir William Ingram and  Mary Eliza Collingwood , daughter of Australian politician Edward Stirling. His maternal grandfather was born in Jamaica to a Scottish planter and an unnamed woman of colour. He concealed his racial identity and later settled in South Australia, where he was elected to parliament; his sons (Ingram's uncles) Lancelot and Edward Charles Stirling were also members of parliament.

He was a grandson of Herbert Ingram, founder of The Illustrated London News. Sir William Ingram  succeeded Herbert as the owner of the paper, and was a brother of Bruce Ingram, editor from 1900–1963. Collingwood's uncle, Sir Edward Charles Stirling, was a noted anthropologist, physiologist and museum director, with a great interest in the natural world.

On 17 October 1906, Collingwood married Florence Maude Laing, only child of Henry Rudolph Laing, they had four children.

In the First World War, he was first commissioned in the Kent Cyclist Battalion and was later a compass officer with the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force. In the Second World War, he was commander of his local Home Guard in Benenden, Kent.

He was a collector of Japanese art, especially netsuke, and left his collection to the British Museum.

Ornithology
In the early 1900s, Sir William Ingram employed Wilfred Stalker to collect bird skins in Australia for Collingwood to identify and catalogue at the London Natural History Museum, resulting in his first major publication. In 1907 he collected in Japan and for his work there he was made an Honorary Member of the Ornithological Society of Japan. However his main interest was in the field study of birds; he made the first record of marsh warblers breeding in Kent. He was an accomplished bird artist. His planned book on the birds of France was interrupted by the War and never completed, although part emerged as Birds of the Riviera in 1926. His 1916–18 journals record his war experiences and also his off-duty bird observations, with many sketches made behind the lines in northern France. His published war diaries are packed with his pencil sketches of birds, people and landscapes. He interrogated pilots, including Charles Portal, on the height at which birds fly, resulting in a short paper after the War. He was member of the British Ornithologists' Union for a record 81 years.

Plant collecting and gardening
After the First World War, horticulture took over from ornithology as Collingwood Ingram's dominant interest. He created his famous garden at The Grange in Benenden and collected plants across the world. His outstanding plant-collecting trips were to Japan in 1926 and South Africa in 1927.

By 1926, he was a world authority on Japanese cherries and was asked to address the Cherry Society in Japan on their national tree. It was on this visit that he was shown a painting of a beautiful white cherry, then thought to be extinct in Japan. He recognised it as one he had seen in a moribund state in a Sussex garden, the result of an early introduction from Japan. He had taken cuttings and so was able to re-introduce it to the gardening world as 'Taihaku', the name meaning 'Great White Cherry'.  His 1948 book Ornamental Cherries is a standard work.

In March 2016, a book on his contribution to the survival of Japanese cherries was published in Japan. The author is Naoko Abe, the publisher Iwanami Shoten. An English version with the title Cherry Ingram: the Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms was published in March 2019, together with the American version The Sakura Obsession. This book recounts the important, almost central, role of cherries in the history and culture of Japan, and describes Ingram's contribution. He introduced many Japanese and other species of cherries to the United Kingdom, as well as his own hybrids.

Ingram introduced many new garden plants, including Prunus × incam 'Okamé' (Prunus incisa × Prunus campanulata), Rubus × tridel 'Benenden' (Rubus deliciosus × Rubus trilobus) and the Rosemary 'Benenden Blue', a natural variant of Rosmarinus officinalis which he collected in Corsica. He also raised many Rhododendron and Cistus hybrids. An avenue of his 'Asano' cherry is one of the features of Kew Gardens.

As one of many generous acts, he gave a cherry plant to each of the Walkhurst cottages on Walkhurst Road, Benenden. One of the resulting cherry trees still stands along this road.

Bibliography
 Birds of the Riviera. 1926. Witherby, London.
 Isles of the Seven Seas. 1936. Hutchinson, London.
 Ornamental Cherries. 1948. Country Life, London.
 In search of Birds. 1966. Witherby, London.
 Garden of Memories. 1970. Witherby, London.
 The Migration of the Swallow, 1974. Witherby, London.
 Wings over the Western Front: the First World War Diaries of Collingwood Ingram, June 2014, Day Books, Oxfordshire.
 Cherry Ingram: The Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms, author Naoko Abe, 21 March 2019, Chatto and Windus, London.

References

External links
 'Cherry' Ingram: The Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms (Radio 4 Book of the Week)

 The Forgotten British Collector: Captain Collingwood Ingram (1880-1981)
 Collingwood Ingram, ornithologist, plantsman, artist, WW1 diarist

1880 births
1981 deaths
Army Cyclist Corps officers
British centenarians
British gardeners
British ornithologists
Men centenarians
People from Benenden
Younger sons of baronets
20th-century British zoologists
British people of Australian descent
British people of Jamaican descent

Collingwood Ingram


NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists,  is an American professional association dedicated to coverage of LGBTQ issues in the media.  It is based in Washington, D.C., and the membership consists primarily of journalists, students, educators, and communications professionals. The organization was previously known as the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA), but changed its name in 2013 to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBT Journalists" to reflect the diversity of the communities it represents.  In 2016, it added a "Q", updating its name to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists". In 2023, it added a "+", updating its name to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists".

According to the NLGJA website, "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists, is an organization of journalists, media professionals, educators and students working from within the news industry to foster fair and accurate coverage of LGBTQ issues. NLGJA opposes all forms of workplace bias and provides professional development to its members." The association offers professional development opportunities for its members, in addition to resources newsrooms including a Rapid Response Task Force, Stylebook Supplement on LGBTQ Terminology, and informational tip-sheets.

History
The association was founded by Roy Aarons in 1990, along with other journalists, Elaine Herscher, Shannon Hickey, David Tuller, Victor Zonana, and Kathleen Buckley, who made up its first board.

Jen Christensen took over as NLGJA national president following the death of Michael Triplett, who died January 18, 2013, less than six month after his election.

Past national Presidents of NLGJA include Roy Aarons, Karen-Louise Boothe, Robert Dodge, Steven Petrow, Eric Hegedus, David Steinberg and Michael Triplett.

NLGJA hosts three annual benefit events to support its programs throughout the year: the Headlines & Headliners Benefit in New York City, Dateline:DC in Washington, DC, and L.A. Exclusive in Los Angeles.  The events have drawn guests including Don Lemon, Hoda Kotb, Meredith Vieira, Rue McClanahan, and Barry Manilow.

The association has inspired the founding of the French association of LGBTQ journalists in 2013.

NLGJA works with the Centers for Disease Control as part of the Partnering and Communicating Together to Act Against AIDS (PACT) program. As part of the partnership, NLGJA offers workshops and resources to educate journalists about the HIV & AIDS epidemic.

Conventions
From its inception in 1990, NLJGA hosts an annual convention inviting their members to participate in top-level training sessions, thought-provoking discussions, and social & professional networking events. From 2003 to 2016, a one-day LGBT Media Summit was added to the event to educate and network journalists working within LGBT media.

The 2012 convention was the first time NLGJA participated in the joint UNITY Journalists convention, held in Las Vegas with the Asian American Journalists Association, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists and the Native American Journalists Association.

2010 marked the 20th anniversary for NLGJA. It hosted its annual convention in San Francisco. In 2009 NLGJA | The Association of LGBTQ Journalists, NLGJA held its first international convention in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Previous conventions have been held in Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia, Las Vegas and San Francisco, among other cities.

Newsletter
The group published a quarterly newsmagazine called Outlook until the mid-2000s.  The magazine focused on LGBTQ stories in the workplace and workplace issues such as domestic partner benefits, and updates readers on NLGJA's activities at the local and national levels. The magazine had a circulation of over 3,500.  As it was written by news professionals, it had a high level of professional writing and was recognized as a source for commentary on LGBTQ workplace issues.

LGBTQ Journalist Hall of Fame
Starting in 2005, the NLGJA has inducted noteworthy LGBTQ journalists into a Hall of Fame so that their legacy may be remembered for generations to come.  Inductions occur during the NLGJA National Convention each year along with the annual Excellence in Journalism awards.

Inductees by year:

2017
 Jinx Beers: Founding publisher and first managing editor of America's longest running lesbian newspaper, The Lesbian News, launched in 1975. She is a pioneering journalist as well as a lifelong feminist and advocate for human rights.
 Dan Savage: Award-winning journalist and author, TV personality, and activist best known for his political and social commentary, as well as his honest approach to sex, love and relationships. His sex advice column, "Savage Love," introduced over 25 years ago, is now syndicated throughout the U.S., Canada, Europe and Asia.

2016
 Ina Fried: American journalist for Recode. Prior to that, she was senior editor for All Things Digital and a senior staff writer for CNET Network's News.com. She is a frequent commenter on technology news on National Public Radio, local television news and for other print and broadcast outlets.
 LZ Granderson: American journalist, a contributor at ABC News and a columnist for ESPN. A senior writer and columnist for ESPN The Magazine and ESPN.com's Page 2, he has contributed to the channel's SportsCenter, Outside the Lines, Around the Horn, SportsNation, and First Take and commentates for ESPN's coverage of the U.S. Open tennis tournament.

2015
 Armistead Maupin: Treasured author of nine best-selling novels, including six Tales of the City which were originally collected from the daily serials he wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle beginning in 1976.
 Charles Kaiser: Began writing for The New York Times while still an undergraduate at Columbia University. After eight years at the Times, he also wrote for Newsweek, The Wall Street Journal, Vanity Fair, The Washington Post, and The Los Angeles Times, as well as publishing three books, including the Lambda Literary Award-winning The Gay Metropolis.
 Lou Chibbaro Jr.: A prize-winning reporter for the nation's oldest LGBT news publication, The Washington Blade, Chibbaro first took up his pen in 1976 under the pseudonym Lou Romano
 Alan Bell: Beginning in 1977 when he founded Gaysweek, New York City's first mainstream lesbian and gay newspaper, and continuing with BLK and Blackfire, Bell has been a pioneer of LGBT journalism and activism, particularly on issues surrounding HIV/AIDS.
 Alison Bechdel: Creator of the Bechdel Test for gender bias in works of fiction, has been writing for and about the LGBT community since 1983 when she began producing and self-syndicating Dykes to Watch Out For, a comic chronicling the lives, romances, and political involvement of a group of lesbians in the United States.
 Randy Alfred:  Co-founder of the San Francisco Bay Times, Alfred produced and hosted The Gay Life on KSAN-FM –the first regularly scheduled LGBT-oriented program on commercial radio.

2014
 Donna Cartwright: Believed to be the first Times staffer to publicly disclose her status as a transgender person when interviewed in 1998 by Barbara Walters on ABC Television to discuss her decision to resolve her gender conflict and to transition as a woman.
 Lisa Keen: Served as the top editor of one of the nation's most respected gay publications, The Washington Blade, for 18 years. She was one of the first two reporters for a gay newspaper to be credentialed to cover the White House and Congress, she has covered U.S. Supreme Court cases since 1985 and she is one of the only reporters to carefully analyze gay voting trends in presidential elections.
 Tracy Baim: Publisher and co-founder of the Windy City Times, Baim began her career at Gay Life newspaper in 1984, a month after graduating from Drake University.

2013
 Mark Segal: Publisher of the Philadelphia Gay News and gay activist.
 Bob Ross: Founder of the Bay Area Reporter.

2012
 Jill Johnston: writer for the Village Voice and New York Times Book Review. She is best known for her book Lesbian Nation: The Feminist Solution.
 Randy Wicker: the first openly gay person on East Coast television, and considered the first out PR professional.

2011
 W. Dorr Legg: pioneering gay activist and co-founder of ground-breaking gay publication, ONE, Inc.
 Don Michaels: reporter in the 1970s for highly respected Washington Blade, and later its publisher.
 Michelangelo Signorile: author; Sirius XM radio host; co-founding editor of influential OutWeek magazine.

2010
 Lisa Ben, pseudonym for the editor of the first lesbian publication, Vice Versa
 Hank Plante: Emmy- and Peabody-winning television anchor and reporter.
 Richard Rouilard: Early NLGJA member and editor-at-large for The Advocate magazine.

2009
 Garrett Glaser: the first television journalist to come out of the closet to the radio and television news industry
 Ronald Gold: A sharp writer with an uncompromising style, Gold built a career writing for a number of publications, including Variety
 Deb Price: Began her column for The Detroit News inviting readers to help her come up with a less awkward way of introducing her boss to her partner

2008
 Richard Goldstein: Founder of the Village Voices annual Queer issue and author of several novels and essays on issues within the gay rights movement
 Gail Shister: First mainstream reporter to be vocally "out" and an active member of the NLGJA

2007
 Jim Kepner: Writer for publications like ONE magazine and the PRIDE newsletter, which then became the Los Angeles Advocate
 Jack Nichols: Founding editor of GAY newspaper and one-time editor of Sexology and GayToday.com
 Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin Lahusen: Known for their work with The Ladder, the Daughters of Bilitis publication; also participated in early gay rights demonstrations during the 1960s

2006
 Marlon Riggs: Writer and director of documentary films about the gay rights movement and race relations

2005
 Leroy F. Aarons: Founder of the NLGJA who was an author, playwright, and journalist
 Phyllis Lyon & Del Martin: Founders of lesbian publication The Ladder and the first same-sex couple to be married in San Francisco
 Thomas Morgan III: New York Times reporter and editor who, as president of the National Association of Black Journalists, opened doors for fellow gay and lesbian journalists
 Sarah Pettit: Co-creator of Out magazine and one-time Arts editor for Newsweek and OutWeek
 Randy Shilts: Reporter for The Advocate and the San Francisco Chronicle and author of several books focused on the AIDS epidemic
 Don Slater: Founded ONE magazine and fought for freedom of distribution of gay and lesbian publications

Excellence in Journalism Awards
Continuing a tradition started in 1993, the NLGJA Excellence in Journalism Awards are given each year to recognize journalists who have made a difference in their field.  Each year the organization chooses recipients for awards in over 30 categories spanning fields including local television, radio, HIV/AIDS coverage, photojournalism, and feature writing.  The awards are given out at the NLGJA National Convention each year.

2018 NLGJA Excellence in Journalism Award recipients

The 2018 Excellence in Journalism Awards were announced on July 3, 2018, with awards presentations scheduled for September 8–10, 2018, in Palm Springs, California, during the organization's three-day annual convention.
 NLGJA Journalist of the Year Award: Ronan Farrow
 Sarah Pettit Memorial Award for the LGBTQ Journalist of the Year: Diane Anderson-Minshall
 The Al Neuharth Award for Innovation in Investigative Journalism: Ken Schwencke for "Documenting Hate", ProPublica and the Documenting Hate Coalition
 Excellence in Book Writing Award: Judy Wieder for "Random Events Tend To Cluster", Lisa Hagan Books
 Excellence in Feature Writing Award: Alex Mohajer for "A Tale of Two Marches," Huffington Post
 Excellence in Feature Writing Award (Daily): Kathryn Joyce for "She Was an Ultraconservative Texas Christian. Then Kai Was Born and Everything Changed", Splinter
 Excellence in Longform Journalism Award: Laura Rena Murray for "Trans, Teen and Homeless: On the Streets of New York With America's Most Vulnerable Population", Rolling Stone
 Excellence in News Writing Award: Jen Colletta for "Lesbian Couple Turned Away From PA Bridal Shop", Philadelphia Gay News
 Excellence in News Writing Award (Non-daily): David Artavia for "Sordid Lives Actor Alleges Mogul Benny Medina Tried to Rape Him", The Advocate
 Excellence in Photojournalism Award: Carolyn Van Houten for "Life in Transition", San Antonio Express-News
 Excellence in Profile Writing Award: Danika Worthington for "Portraits of Pride: An Exploration of the LGBTQ Community Ahead of PrideFest", Denver Post
 Excellence in Sports Writing Award: Tim Teeman for "When Floyd Mayweather Shouts 'Faggot', This Is What LGBT People Hear", The Daily Beast
 Excellence in Student Journalism Award: Leah Juliett for "Youth and LGBTQ Communities Disproportionately Victimized by Revenge Porn and Cyber Crimes", GLAAD
 Excellence in Travel Writing Award: Christopher Muther for "For Real: Salt Lake City is America's Super Gay, Super Cool Hipster Haven", The Boston Globe
 Excellence in Blogging Award: Josh Robbins for "Fauci: From a Practical Standpoint the Risk is Zero", ImStillJosh.com
 Excellence in Digital Video Award: Roman Feeser, Alex Romano, Angelica Fusco, Nia Stevens and Luisa Garcia for "Uncharted: State of Mind", CBS News
 Excellence in Multimedia Award: Bill Daley for "Belmont Rocks: New Project Remembers Popular LGBTQ Gathering Spot", The Chicago Tribune
 Excellence in Online Journalism Award: Jessica Mason Pieklo for "Cakes for the Klan? Conservatives Craft a Trojan Horse in Supreme Court's LGBTQ Discrimination Case", Rewire.News
 Excellence in Column Writing Award: Lucas Grindley for "LGBTs to America: 'We Told You So'", The Advocate
 Excellence in Opinion/Editorial Writing Award: Chase Strangio for "How Transgender People Have Survived (and Thrived) Under a Year of Donald Trump", INTO
 Excellence in Documentary Award
Nick Broomfield and Marc Hoeferlin for "Whitney: Can I Be Me", Showtime and BBC
 Excellence in Local Television Award
Peggy Kusinski, Katy Smyser, Lisa Capitanini, Richard Moy, Julio Martinez and Nathan Halder for "Some Local Rules Keep Transgender Athletes From Competing In High Schools", NBC5 Chicago
 Excellence in Network Television Award
Todd Cross and Gabe Gutierrez for "One Year After Pulse Nightclub Shooting, 4 People Reflect on How Their Lives Changed", Sunday TODAY with Willie Geist/NBC
 Excellence in Podcast Award: Jacob Brogan and Benjamin Frisch for "Working", Slate
 Excellence in Radio Award
Natalie Winston, Gabriela Saldivia and David Greene for "'They Told Me I Wasn't A Human Being': Gay Men Speak Of Brutal Treatment In Chechnya", National Public Radio
 Excellence in Bisexual Coverage Award
Kate Sloan and Indiana Joel for "What It's Like to Talk to Your Doctor About Sexual Health When You're Bisexual", Xtra
 Excellence in HIV/AIDS Coverage Award
Linda Villarosa for "America's Hidden HIV Epidemic", The New York Times Magazine
 Excellence in Queer People of Color (QPOC) Coverage Award
Margie Fishman for "A Child's Journey to 'Truegender'", The News Journal/USA Today
 Excellence in Religion Coverage Award
Phoebe Wang for "God + The Gays", The Heart (Radiotopia)'

NLGJA Journalist of the Year Award recipients
 2017: Katie Barnes, ESPN
 2016: Dominic Holden, BuzzFeed News
 2015: J. Lester Feder, BuzzFeed
 2014: Chris Geidner, BuzzFeed
 2013: Michael Luongo, Freelance
 2012: Steven W. Thrasher, Village Voice
 2011: LZ Granderson, ESPN Magazine
 2010: Randy Gener, American Theatre
 2008: Martha Irvine, Associated Press
 2007: James Kirchick
 2006: Jason Bellini, CBS News on Logo
 2005: Meredith May, San Francisco Chronicle

Sarah Pettit Memorial Award for LGBTQ Journalist of the Year recipients
 2017: Erik Hall, OutSports
 2016: Lucas Grindley, The Advocate
 2015: Trish Bendix, AfterEllen
 2014: Lila Shapiro, The Huffington Post
 2013: Lila Shapiro, The Huffington Post
 2012: Chris Geidner, Metro Weekly and BuzzFeed
 2011: Michael Luongo, Freelance writer
 2010: Kerry Eleveld, The Advocate
 2008: First Place: Laura Douglas-Brown, Southern Voice
 Second Place: Lou Chibbaro Jr., Washington Blade
 Third Place: Kynn Bartlett, Colorez!
 2007: Ryan Lee, Southern Voice
 2006: Malinda Lo, AfterEllen.com
 2005: John Caldwell, The Advocate

Contributions to journalism

NLGJA Stylebook Supplement on LGBTQ Terminology
The NLGJA's most noteworthy tangible contribution to the journalism industry is the NLGJA Stylebook Supplement on LGBTQ Terminology, which fellow journalists can use for reference when writing about topics relating to the LGBTQ community.  According to the organization's website it is part of the NLGJA's push to encourage "the association's mission of inclusive coverage of LGBTQ people".

The Stylebook Supplement can be found on the NLGJA website in both English and Spanish.

Press service
In connection with Witeck-Combs Communications, the NLGJA launched OutNewsWire in 2008 to simplify the distribution of news articles relating to the LGBTQ community.  The wire has more than 400 journalists receiving updates currently, which are available online.  The service comes at a discounted price to "nonprofits hoping to use the service to reach the LGBTQ media".

Newsroom Outreach Project
As early as 1996, the NLGJA, along with Hollywood Supports, developed "sexual orientation in the workplace" seminars that were conducted in Knight Ridder newspapers across on the nation.  The seminars were designed to place emphasis on acceptance in the workplace, through discussions of stereotypes and business and legal issues involved with the LGBTQ community.  The stated goal of these seminars was to provide an LGBTQ-friendly office environment for LGBTQ journalists, but the discussions also pushed for domestic partnership benefits at newspapers across the nation, one of the main focuses of the LGBTQ rights movement nationwide. The seminars are offered free of charge to news organizations.

During the seminars, facilitators introduce employees to the "model of parity" NLGJA developed in order to encourage equality and inclusiveness within the workplace.  There are fourteen steps in this model, highlighting both workplace climate and fair compensation.  Included in these steps are things like avoiding double standards, promoting balanced coverage, providing the same insurance coverage for all employees, and offering family and medical leave.

Rapid Response Task Force
In order to more directly combat biased journalism, the NLGJA formed the Rapid Response Task Force.  This team of journalists addresses any news piece that readers report as being offensive or inaccurate and informs writers and readers of the correct terminology, which furthers their mission of equality and helps to "spread awareness about issues facing the LGBTQ community". In order to report a biased or offensive story, readers simply email the link or a description of the article to the NLGJA and the problem is evaluated.

Student outreach
In an attempt at connecting with and encouraging future LGBTQ journalists, the NLGJA created the CONNECT: Student Journalism Project.  The program brings 12 young journalists to NLGJA's National Convention each year to form a newsroom and cover the local community and convention events. Since its inception, over 200 students have participated in the CONNECT program.

The NLGJA offers several scholarships each year to students "committed to NLGJA's mission of fair and accurate coverage of the LGBTQ community."  These scholarships include the Leroy F. Aarons scholarship and the Kay Longcope Scholarship scholarship, each of which provides tuition money to one LGBTQ student a year.

Membership

Between 2008 and 2009, the organization lost members due to the number of people laid off in the media industry that year. Since then, membership has steadily grown to include over 750 members.

See also
 National Gay Newspaper Guild

References

External links
 NLGJA Homepage
 Re:Act to your news blog - the official blog of NLGJA
 NLGJA Student Central

American journalism organizations
Journalism-related professional associations
LGBT journalists
LGBT organizations in the United States
LGBT professional associations
1990 establishments in the United States


Britt Davis (born April 23, 1986) is a former American football wide receiver. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Northern Illinois.

Early years
Davis attended public schools in North Riverside, Illinois.  He went to Komarek Elementary School and Riverside-Brookfield High School. At RBHS he amassed 7,700 career yards total offense and 90 touchdowns in 22 starts as quarterback on two state Class 5A playoff teams. He completed 461-of-766 passes (60.2%) for 6,266 yards, 39 touchdowns and 21 interceptions. He posted nine career 300-yard passing games. He also added 17 rushing touchdowns and 1,434 rushing yards on 163 attempts.

College career
Davis attended college at Northern Illinois University.  As a member of the Huskies, he was used almost exclusively as a wide receiver position, Even though originally being recruited for the quarterback position, and finished his career at NIU as fifth on the school all-time charts for career receptions with 146 and totaled 1,676 career receiving yards and 2,063 all-purpose yards. He also completed two-of-four passes and rushed 15 times for 66 yards, and scored nine career touchdowns, eight receiving for 56 total points. He earned a corporate communications major with a minor in black studies.

Professional career

New York Jets

Davis went undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft and was signed by the New York Jets. He had 5 receptions for 54 yards in the preseason, and was waived on September 5. The Jets re-signed Davis to their practice squad on November 17. Davis, who had been signed to a future contract earlier in the season, was later waived on August 1, 2010 by the Jets.

Denver Broncos
Davis signed with the Denver Broncos on August 5, 2010 for a two-year deal.

New England Patriots
Davis was signed to the New England Patriots practice squad on January 4, 2012. He was waived with an injury settlement on August 13, 2012, after sustaining an injury in a preseason game against the New Orleans Saints in which he caught a touchdown from Brian Hoyer.

References

External links
Northern Illinois Huskies Bio
A Huskie Forever
nfldraftscout

1986 births
Living people
People from Melrose Park, Illinois
Players of American football from Cook County, Illinois
People from Riverside, Illinois
American football wide receivers
Northern Illinois Huskies football players
New York Jets players
Denver Broncos players

Britt Davis


Portia Clark (born 11 July 1990) is a Zambian-born country soul, pop singer and songwriter.

Biography
Portia was born in Lusaka, Zambia in 1990. Her father was a member of a South African anti-apartheid movement and was killed under unclear circumstances when she was one year old. A Zambian born Portia Thanjekwayo grew up in Lusaka, the capital and largest city of Zambia.

She started singing when she was just 8 years of age at Temple of Power Church in Livingstone, Zambia. She then joined vessels of praise at Capitol Christian Worship Centre in Lusaka at the age of 11. Her music was a dream. She dreamed singing in front of the President and many people. Lacking means to afford everyday essentials and transportation, Portia and her family walked miles at a time to attend church and school, and often went without food. She was inspired by many and believed in herself.

Determined to find an alternate creative outlet, Portia took to the streets to explore the Zambian nightlife. She discovered a boy band that held a residency at a local bar—the Vegas Lounge—and attended their nightly show time-after-time sharing her desire and plea to sing with them.

She is a Christian.

Clark was 'discovered' by her now husband Brendan Clark, the founder of charity Health Hope Zambia, in 2013 and has since migrated to Australia to progress her music career as a country soul singer and became an Australian citizen in 2021.

In 2014, she released her debut single "Hope" which she co wrote with Zambian Gospel artist Mutamula Mwale.

She nominated for best Zambian representative at the Born and Bred video awards.

Portia and Brendan Clark were married In 2017 at a ceremony officiated by Gene Simmons of KISS.

In 2019, Clark  recorded her debut album in Nashville Tennessee, which features Darius Rucker.

Clark is currently the Zambian Ambassador for Health Hope Zambia which is an organisation that works to reduce the mortality rate at Zambia's largest malnutrition facility.

References

Sources

1990 births
Living people
Zambian philanthropists
Zambian songwriters
21st-century Zambian women singers
Australian country singer-songwriters
Zambian emigrants to Australia
Australian women singer-songwriters
Australian singer-songwriters

Portia Clark


The Reverend Lloyd Alexander "Tony" Lewis, Jr. served on the faculty of Virginia Theological Seminary from 1978 through 1991 and from 2000 to his retirement in 2012. He was the Molly Laird Downs Professor of New Testament.

Early life
He completed his Ph.D. at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut where the focus of his study was on the social and theological implications of the use of family language in Paul's Letter to Philemon.  He previously received the M.A. and M.Phil. in New Testament studies at Yale University, the M.Div. from Virginia Theological Seminary, Alexandria, Virginia, and an A.B. in Classics from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. Virginia Theological Seminary has conferred upon him the D.D. honoris causae

Career
Before joining the Faculty at VTS, Professor Lewis was ordained a deacon and priest in The Episcopal Church. He was Curate at Saint George's Church, Brooklyn, Assistant at Saint Monica's Church, Hartford, and Tutor at The General Theological Seminary, New York City. Previous to his return to the Faculty he was Dean of the George Mercer, Jr. Memorial School of Theology and Bishop's Deputy for Education in the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island, Honorary Assistant at the Church of Saint James of Jerusalem, Long Beach, New York, and Adjunct in New Testament at the General Theological Seminary, New York City.

Professor Lewis is a Canon Theologian to the bishops of Long Island and an Honorary Assistant to the Rectors of Rectors of Saint Paul's Parish, Washington, DC, Christ Church, Hackensack, New Jersey and Trinity Episcopal Church, St. Mary's City, Maryland.

See also
 List of Virginia Theological Seminary people

External links
VTS Web site

American Christian theologians
Living people
General Theological Seminary faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
African-American biblical scholars
Virginia Theological Seminary faculty
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics

Lloyd A. Lewis


Austral Alien is the fifth full-length studio album by the Australian progressive metal band, Alchemist. It was recorded and mixed in only ten days. It was released in 2003 by Chatterbox Records in Australia and worldwide by Relapse Records. Austral Alien is semi-conceptual with a lyrical focus inspired by the Australian environment and the impact of man on the ecology. Promotional music videos for the songs "First Contact", "Solarburn" and "Alpha Capella Nova Vega" were released, with the video for "Solarburn" expressing the album's concept, using imagery from the 2003 Canberra bushfires. The cover art is influenced by Surrealism. Austral Alien featured more keyboards and a mellowing of their previous death metal guitar sound, with even shorter songs than Organasm. Allmusic suggested that "Austral Alien is for Alchemist what, say, Permanent Waves was to Rush (see the increased use of synthesizers): a work of unquestionable merit and maturity that may nevertheless leave older fans yearning just a little for the excesses – both successful and not – of albums past" and noted that this was the band's most commercially accessible release, while still praising Alchemist for their "inspired brand of sci-fi metal".

Track listing

Credits
 Adam Agius − vocals, guitar, keyboards
 Rodney Holder − drums, triangle
 John Bray − bass guitar
 Roy Torkington − guitar, artwork, layout and design

References

2003 albums
Alchemist (band) albums
Concept albums
Relapse Records albums

Austral Alien


Jiffy Lube Live (originally known as the Nissan Pavilion) near Gainesville, Virginia, is an outdoor amphitheater in suburban Prince William County, about 35 miles west of Washington, D.C. Owned and operated by Live Nation, the amphitheater can seat 25,262: 10,444 in reserved seats and 14,818 on the lawn.

History
Development of the venue was a result of work by Cellar Door Productions, a prominent concert promoter in the area at the time. Two separate controversies led to the opening of the venue. The community had voiced complaints regarding the Grateful Dead shows at nearby RFK Stadium, a circumstance similar to the creation of Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View, California 9 years prior. Meanwhile, the Walt Disney corporation was in the planning stages of its proposed Disney's America theme park in the area. Locals were angered at the proposed theme park. As a result, authorities granted permits for the pavilion instead. The location was decided due to proximity to the interstate as well as the capacity of the proposed facility to handle large crowds over multiple days. The amphitheater opened in June 1995 with a show including The Village People, Laura Branigan, Rose Royce, and The Trammps.

On July 24, 2004, the American hard rock band Kiss recorded their concert here for the live album Rock the Nation Live! (DVD).

Then-Senator Barack Obama held a rally for his 2008 presidential campaign at the venue on June 5, 2008.

On January 8, 2010, the name of the venue was changed from "Nissan Pavilion" to "Jiffy Lube Live" as a result of a business agreement between Live Nation and Jiffy Lube Washington Area Co-op Inc.

In February 2011 the venue posted to its website that it would strictly enforce its existing no-tailgating rule for its parking lots before and after concerts in conjunction with the Prince William County Police Department. Organizers cited safety concerns as reasons for the ban, though they planned to continue to sell alcohol inside the venue. In January 2012 the venue posted that tailgating would be returning with a set of rules posted on their website.

Performers

Since its opening, Jiffy Lube Live has hosted a variety of musicians and bands.  Annual events include Jimmy Buffett, WMZQfest and the Mayhem Festival. 2008 featured LeRoi Moore's last performance with the Dave Matthews Band before his death later in the year; The concert was later released as Live Trax Vol. 14.  Other events include a variety of festivals such as Farm Aid and Ozzfest, along with co-headliners and solo acts. Other notable musical acts that have performed at Jiffy Lube Live include Widespread Panic, Phish,  Ozzy Osbourne, and Rush. In addition, some high schools in Prince William County and Fauquier County hold their graduation ceremonies there each June. In August 2012 & 2014, Linkin Park held concerts in the venue & was supposed to perform again in August 2017 but later cancelled following the death of frontman Chester Bennington. In July 2015, Nicki Minaj held a Pinkprint tour concert in the venue. In July 2019, Iron Maiden performed as part of their Legacy of the Beast World Tour. In July 2023, Matchbox Twenty performed at the venue after the initial tour date was postponed, achieving high turnout amid increasing pop culture significance.

See also
 List of contemporary amphitheatres

External links
Venue Info via LiveNation

References

Music venues in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Prince William County, Virginia
Tourist attractions in Prince William County, Virginia
Music venues completed in 1995
1995 establishments in Virginia

Jiffy Lube Live


Sadia S.A. is a major Brazilian food producer that has been a subsidiary of BRF S.A. since 2009. It is among the world's leading producers of frozen foods, and is Brazil's main exporter of meat-based products.

In Portuguese the word sadia means "healthy", but the name is also an abbreviature of "Sociedade Anônima Indústria e Comércio Concórdia", with the bold letters being the letters that compose the abbreviature.

Sadia was founded in Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and has its headquarters there.

As of 2008, Sadia had about 20 industrial plants that together produced over 2.3 million tons of food including chicken, turkey, pork and beef, pasta, margarine, desserts, and other products. The company supplies over 70 thousand direct points of sale in Brazil and exports to over 100 countries.

Sadia's former chairman Luís Fernando Furlan was appointed Minister of Industry and Foreign Trade by president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2003.

In 2008, the company accrued enormous losses on the derivative market.

In 2009, the company announced a merger with its major competitor Perdigão, forming BRF - Brasil Foods (technically a takeover of Sadia by Perdigão, which already changed its corporate name to BRF - Brasil Foods S.A.).

In March 2017, BRF was revealed to have sold processed rotten meat, resulting in food scares and worldwide recalls.

References

External links
Sadia's international site
Sadia's Brazilian site
Company fact sheet

Meat companies of Brazil
Companies based in Santa Catarina (state)
Food and drink companies established in 1944
1944 establishments in Brazil

Sadia


Michael Kieran Reilly (July 15, 1869 – October 14, 1944), was a U.S. representative from Wisconsin.

Reilly was born in the town of Empire, Wisconsin, in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, on July 15, 1869.  He graduated from what is today, the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh in 1889 and earned his law degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1894. He served as Fond du Lac County district attorney for two years (1899–1900) and city attorney of Fond du Lac from 1905 to 1910.  Between stints in the United States Congress, he continued to practice law in Wisconsin.

In 1912, Reilly was elected a member of the Democratic Party to the Sixty-third United States Congress as the representative of Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. He was reelected to the Sixty-fourth Congress but lost his re-election bid to Republican James H. Davidson to the Sixty-fifth Congress. To fill the vacancy caused by the death of Florian Lampert, Reilly was once again elected to the Seventy-first Congress.  Once again representing Wisconsin's sixth district. He served another four terms until he lost a re-election bid to Republican, Frank Bateman Keefe, in 1938.  Reilly died in Neptune, New Jersey, on October 14, 1944, and is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York.

External links

1869 births
1944 deaths
University of Wisconsin Law School alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin
People from Empire, Wisconsin

Michael Reilly (Wisconsin politician)


Geoffrey Francis Andrew Best FBA (20 November 1928 – 14 January 2018) was an English historian known for his studies of warfare and works about Winston Churchill.

Early life and family
Geoffrey Best was born in Osterley, Middlesex, on 20 November 1928. He was educated at St Paul's School, London. He undertook his national service in the Royal Army Educational Corps teaching illiterate Scottish soldiers to read and write.

Best married Marigold Davies in 1955 and they had three children together. Marigold later became involved in Quakerism and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and she and her husband went on CND marches together.

Career
Best studied at Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge, becoming a fellow from 1955 to 1961 and an assistant lecturer at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1956 to 1961. From 1961 to 1974 he was lecturer, reader, and finally Sir Richard Lodge Professor of History at the University of Edinburgh. From 1974 to 1982 he was professor of history at the University of Sussex. He then spent six years as an academic visitor at the London School of Economics before in 1988 becoming a member of St Antony's College, University of Oxford. He was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 2003.

Writing
In 1974, Best became series editor of the Fontana History of European War and Society for which he wrote War and Society in Revolutionary Europe 1770-1870 (1982).

He wrote two books on Winston Churchill, Churchill: A Study in Greatness (2001) and Churchill and War (2005).

Death
Best died on 14 January 2018.

Selected publications

Authored
 Shaftesbury. Batsford, London, 1964.
 Temporal Pillars. Queen Anne's Bounty, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the Church of England. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1964.
 Bishop Westcott and the Miners. Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, London, 1967. (Bishop Westcott memorial lecture)
 History, Politics and Universities: Inaugural Lecture Delivered on Tuesday 4th March 1969. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1969.
 Mid-Victorian Britain, 1851-1875. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1971.
 Humanity in Warfare: the Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflict. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1980.
 Honour among Men and Nations: Transformations of an Idea. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1981.
 War and Society in Revolutionary Europe 1770-1870. Leicester University Press, Leicester, 1982.
 Nuremberg and After: The Continuing History of War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. University of Reading, Reading, 1984. (Stenton lecture)
 War and Law since 1945. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994.
 Churchill: A Study in Greatness. Bloomsbury, London, 2001.
 Churchill and War. Hambledon Continuum, 2005.
 A Life of Learning: Selective Memoirs of Geoffrey Best. Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2010.

Edited
 Church, R.W. The Oxford Movement: Twelve Years, 1833-1845. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1970. (Edited and introduced)
 War, Economy and the Military Mind. Croom Helm, London, 1976. (With Andrew Wheatcroft)
 History, Society and the Churches: Essays in Honour of Owen Chadwick. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985. (with Derek Beales)
 The Permanent Revolution: The French Revolution and its Legacy, 1789-1989. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1988.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
20th-century English historians
21st-century English historians
21st-century English memoirists
Fellows of the British Academy
Academics of the University of Sussex
People from Osterley
Royal Army Educational Corps soldiers
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Oxford
Historians of warfare
English biographers

Geoffrey Best


Gustav Lorentzen (28 September 1947 – 21 April 2010), also known by his stage name Ludvigsen, was a Norwegian singer-songwriter, best known from being half of the successful duo Knutsen & Ludvigsen, alongside Øystein "Knutsen" Dolmen. He went solo in 1986, winning four Spellemann awards and one nomination for his 5 albums.

In addition to music, Lorentzen made several TV series and books, mostly intended for children. He also had a degree in acoustics from the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

From 1997 until his death, Lorentzen collaborated with the psychologist Magne Raundalen, creating a therapeutic program for traumatized children, mainly victims of wars. He was also a UNICEF Ambassador since 1993.

On 21 April 2010, Lorentzen collapsed during an orienteering competition outside of Bergen and went into cardiac arrest. He was pronounced dead a few minutes later.

References

1947 births
2010 deaths
Norwegian male singers
Norwegian songwriters
Musicians from Bergen
Sport deaths in Norway
Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
Norwegian rock singers
UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors

Gustav Lorentzen