Aleksei Nikolayevich Bach (; 17 March [O.S. 5 March] 1857 – 13 May 1946) was a Soviet biochemist and revolutionary. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and senior member of the Supreme Soviet.

Early life and education
Bach grew up in Boryspil to a wine distillery technician's family. In 1875 he graduated from a high school in Kyiv. After that he joined the Physico-Mathematical Department of at the University of Kyiv. After various revolutionary efforts, he emigrated to France in 1885 and later to Switzerland.

However, in 1878 he was expelled for taking part in student disturbances and joined the Narodnaya Volya (People's Freedom) revolutionary party which was active against the tsarist regime, was arrested and exiled to Belozersk, from where he returned to Kyiv in December 1881 to continue his revolutionary activity. As from 1883 Bach went underground to live in Kharkov, Yaroslavl, Kazan and Rostov. During that period, he wrote his celebrated revolutionary book Tsar Hunger, which played an important role in spreading the ideas of scientific socialism in Russia.

Research
In 1885, after Narodnaya Volya was crushed, Bach emigrated to Paris to engage in scientific and literary work in the Montieur Scientifique journal. In 1890, he started experimental studies in the laboratory of Professor Paul Schützenberger, a well-known chemist at the Collège de France in Paris, which he followed in 1891 to a research trip in the United States. In 1894, Bach moved to Geneva, where he worked in his private chemical laboratory and did joint research with Professor R. Chodat of Geneva University, a well-known Swiss scientist. It was precisely during the Geneva period of his life that Bach developed his peroxide theory of respiratory processes and took active part in Swiss scientific activities.

Swiss scientists showed respect for Bach: the Geneva Society of Physical and Natural Sciences elected him its chairman for the year 1916.

built up an international reputation in medical and agricultural chemistry for his research on catalysis and photosynthesis. Bach's scientific focus was the study of the assimilation of carbon dioxide as well as the mechanism of oxidation to peroxides. Engler-Bach peroxide theory was named after him.

Bach's initial works in the 1890s were devoted to the chemical mechanism of assimilation of carbon dioxide by green plants. At that time, Baeyer's concept was already prevalent in science. Proceeding from Butlerov's discovery that sugars form from formaldehyde under the effect of alkalis, Baeyer suggested that formaldehyde, which in condensing yields sugar, was the primary product of photosynthesis. In his works devoted to the biochemistry of photosynthesis, Bach, while agreeing with Baeyer in regard to the role of formaldehyde in the forming of sugar, gave a somewhat different interpretation of the mechanism itself.

Political and public career
He was appointed its first director and the institute, where outstanding Soviet biochemists W.A. Engelgardt, A. E. Braunstein, B.I. Zbarsky, D.M. Mikhlin, A. I. Oparin, and others initially worked, played a major role in the development of biochemistry in the USSR. In 1929, Bach was elected full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1935, together with Oparin, he organized in Moscow the Institute of Biochemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, of which he was director to the last days of his life; the institute is now named after Bach. Also in 1935, Bach founded the Soviet scientific journal Biochemistry and was elected President of the D.I. Mendeleev All-Union Chemical Society. In 1939, he was elected Academician-Secretary, Division of Chemical Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences. In addition to being active in research and scientific organization, Bach was very active in public affairs: he was a member of the USSR Central Executive Committee and Deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet.

A Bolshevik sympathizer, he moved back to Russia, 1917, and founded the Central Chemical Laboratory (the Karpov Physical Chemistry Institute from 1922), and remained there until his death. He undertook important research during the 1920s and advanced the use of chemicals in the food industry. He joined the Communist Party, 1927, and was made a member of the Soviet Central Executive Committee (VTslK), 1927. He was elected to the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1929, and president of the All-Union Chemistry Society, 1932. He founded the Biochemistry Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 1935, and also edited a biochemistry journal. As such he can be regarded as the father of Soviet biochemistry. He was elected a people's deputy, USSR Supreme Soviet, 1937, and became director of the department of chemical sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1939. In the same year, as the oldest member of the Academy of Sciences, he proposed the academy to elect Joseph Stalin as an honoray member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1941 and Hero of Socialist Labor in 1945. Bach was elected a member of the Party Central Committee, 1945. In 1928 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina.

His grave is located in the Novodevichy Cemetery (Plot 4, Row 24, No. 7) in Moscow.

References

External links

1857 births
1946 deaths
19th-century chemists
Chemists from the Russian Empire
Soviet chemists
People from Cherkasy Oblast
All-Russian Central Executive Committee members
First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Socialist Revolutionary Party politicians
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Revolutionaries from the Russian Empire
Soviet biochemists

Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery

Aleksei Bach


Malpighia coccigera is a species of flowering plant in the family Malpighiaceae, that is native to the Caribbean. It is commonly known as Singapore holly or dwarf holly due to the shape of its leaves, but is not a true holly (genus Ilex). Its white flowers are followed by red berries, which are technically drupes. The fruit are favorite by birds that disperse the seeds through droppings. It is grown as an ornamental plant and often used to make bonsai.

References

External links

Malpighia coccigera information
Malpighia coccigera information

coccigera
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of the Caribbean
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Malpighia coccigera


Scarborough () is a small northern seaside suburb of Wollongong on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia. It sits in the northern Illawarra region on a narrow stretch between the Illawarra escarpment and sea cliffs.

History
The Scarborough Hotel, opened in 1887, still stands. It was named the Scarborough Hotel at the time, before the name stuck to the town itself. The South Clifton (Scarborough) Mine was opened in 1891 by the Illawarra Coal Company, and closed in 1921. A new adit was established about 2 kilometres further south and this came to be known as South Clifton Tunnel Colliery. From 1898 to 1908 a post office was operated at the railway station. In 1913 construction began on a Clifton-Scarborough public school, and finished in 1914. It was opened by the Minister for Education of the time. From 1 January 1915, the Clifton Public School was renamed Scarborough Public School. In 1952, an employee at South Clifton Tunnel Colliery, said that the mine was under the control of the Operations Branch of the Joint Coal Board who were in the process of upgrading to enable it to supply the new Tallawarra Power Station then being built. In 1954 mechanical pillar extraction of coal commenced at Scarborough. In 1963 the jubilee of the school was celebrated.

Heritage listings
Scarborough has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 First Street: Scarborough railway station

Sport
Scarborough hosts a number of surfing competitions. It has a railway station and Scarborough Public School is the town's public primary school. The town used to be called South Clifton but in 1903, to avoid confusion between the railway stations, it was renamed. The escarpment behind Scarborough is approximately 300 metres above sea level.

Scarborough is home to the Northern Suburbs Rugby League Club known as the Bulldogs. The Bulldogs' home ground is the Jim Allen Oval located in Monash St, the same road as Scarborough Beach. The Norths Bulldogs as they are commonly known were runners up in the 2013 Illawarra Coal Shield Competition. Star players past and present include; Andrew "George" Stephens, James "Jimbo" Loeman, Ben "Cuz" Currey, Johnny "JP" Pett and Josh "Chooksy" Brooks. The Bulldogs often see spectator numbers for home games easily surpass the 5000 mark.

See also
Wollongong

References

Suburbs of Wollongong
City of Wollongong

Scarborough, New South Wales


Cepheids are a type of very luminous variable stars. There is a strong direct relationship between a Cepheid's luminosity and its pulsation period. This makes Cepheids important standard candles for the galactic and extragalactic distance scales.

Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which have clearly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories:
Classical Cepheids
Type II Cepheids
Anomalous Cepheids
Dwarf Cepheids

The first cepheid known was Delta Cephei in the constellation Cepheus, found by John Goodricke in 1784. Delta Cephei is of great importance because its distance is extremely well known, thanks in part to it being in a star cluster,<ref
name=dezeeuw1999>de Zeeuw P.T. et al 1999. A HIPPARCOS census of the nearby OB associations, AJ</ref> and the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes.

Cepheids are one of two ways in which the rate of expansion of the Universe can be measured.

Classes

Classical Cepheids
Classical Cepheids (also known as Population I Cepheids, Type I Cepheids, or Delta Cephei variables) pulsate with very regular periods of the order of days to months.  Classical Cepheids are population I young variable stars which are 4–20 times more massive than the Sun, and up to 100,000 times more luminous. Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 – K2. When they pulsate, their radii change by ~25%. For the longer-period I Carinae this means millions of kilometers for a pulsation cycle.

Type II Cepheids
Type II Cepheids (also termed Population II Cepheids) are population II variable stars which pulsate with periods between 1 and 50 days. Type II Cepheids are typically metal-poor, old (~10 giga years), low mass objects (~half the mass of the Sun). Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period.

Type II Cepheids are used to fix the distance to the galactic center of the Milky Way, globular clusters, and galaxies.

Anomalous Cepheids
A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than two days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our Sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both.

Double-mode Cepheids
A small proportion of Cepheid variables have been observed to pulsate in two modes at the same time, usually the fundamental and first overtone, occasionally the second overtone. A very small number pulsate in three modes, or an unusual combination of modes including higher overtones.

References

Variable stars

Cepheid variable


Marvin Leonard Kalb (born June 9, 1930) is an American journalist. He was the founding director of the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy from 1987 to 1999. The Shorenstein Center and the Kennedy School are part of Harvard University. Kalb is currently a James Clark Welling Fellow at George Washington University and a member of the Atlantic Community Advisory Board. He is a guest scholar in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution.

Career
Kalb spent 30 years as an award-winning reporter for CBS News and NBC News. Kalb was the last newsman recruited by Edward R. Murrow to join CBS News, becoming part of the later generation of the "Murrow Boys." His work at CBS landed him on Richard Nixon's "enemies list". At NBC, he served as chief diplomatic correspondent and host of Meet the Press. During many years of Kalb's tenures at CBS and NBC, his brother Bernard worked alongside him.

Kalb has authored or coauthored many nonfiction books (Eastern Exposure, Dragon in the Kremlin, The Volga, Roots of Involvement, Kissinger, Campaign '88, The Nixon Memo and One Scandalous Story) and two best-selling novels (In the National Interest and The Last Ambassador). His book, The Year I was Peter the Great, was published on October 10, 2017. Most recently, his book Enemy of the People: Trump's War on the Press, the New McCarthyism, and the Threat to American Democracy, was published by the Brookings Institution Press in 2018.His latest book is 'Assignment Russia' (2021) also published by Brookings.

Kalb hosts The Kalb Report, a monthly discussion of media ethics and responsibility at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. sponsored by George Washington University.  He was a news analyst for Fox News, and is a contributor to National Public Radio and America Abroad. He is currently a senior adviser at the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.

Haunting Legacy
In Haunting Legacy: Vietnam and the American Presidency from Ford to Obama (Brookings Institution Press 2011), Marvin Kalb collaborated with his daughter, Deborah Kalb, in an attempt to present a history of presidential decision-making on one crucial issue: in light of the Vietnam debacle, under what circumstances should the United States go to war? The Kalbs participated in a webcast interview of the book at the Pritzker Military Library on October 27, 2011.

Partial bibliography
 Enemy of the People: Trump's War on the Press, the New McCarthyism, and the Threat to American Democracy (2018), Brookings Institution Press,
 The Year I Was Peter the Great: 1956—Khrushchev, Stalin's Ghost, and a Young American in Russia (2017), Brookings Institution Press,
 Imperial Gamble: Putin, Ukraine, and the New Cold War (2015), Brookings Institution Press, .
 The Road to War: Presidential Commitments Honored and Betrayed (2013), Brookings Institution Press, .
 Haunting Legacy: Vietnam and the American Presidency from Ford to Obama (2011), Brookings Institution Press, .
 The Media and the War on Terrorism (2003), Brookings Institution Press, .
 One Scandalous Story: Clinton, Lewinsky, and Thirteen Days That Tarnished American Journalism (2001, )
 The Nixon Memo: Political Respectability, Russia, and the Press (1994, )
 The Last Ambassador (1981, )
 In the National Interest (1977, )
 Kissinger (1974, )
 Roots of Involvement: the U.S. in Asia, 1784–1971 (1971, )
 Dragon in the Kremlin: A Report on the Russian-Chinese Alliance (1961)

Trivia
Kalb's colleagues at NBC had a running joke involving an NBC affiliate in Alexandria, Louisiana – KALB-TV, referring to that affiliate as "Marvin's Station". At one point, Today co-host Bryant Gumbel, in a co-op promo for the station's upcoming feature about Today in 1985, identified the station as KALB, smiled into the camera, and then intoned, "Marvin's Station" at which point the off-camera crew broke up.

Former Fox News political commentator Bill O'Reilly was one of Kalb's students.

See also
Enemy of the people
McCarthyism

References

External links
 About Marvin Kalb at The Kalb Report from the George Washington University website
 Marvin Kalb's Profile at Harvard University from the John F. Kennedy School of Government website
 Marvin Kalb's Expert Page at The Brookings Institution from The Brookings Institution website
 Reagan Mondale debate October 21, 1984 on Wikimedia Commons

Harvard Fellows
Harvard Kennedy School faculty
American television reporters and correspondents
American foreign policy writers
American male non-fiction writers
American journalism academics
Living people
1930 births
CBS News people
City College of New York alumni
Harvard University alumni
NBC News people
American television news anchors
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

Marvin Kalb


Diadumenian ( ; ; 14September 208 – June 218) was the son of the Roman emperor Macrinus and served as his co-ruler for a brief time in 218. His mother, Macrinus' wife, is called Nonia Celsa in the unreliable , though this name may have been fictional. Diadumenian became  in May 217, shortly after his father's accession to the imperial throne. Elagabalus, a relative of the recently deceased Caracalla, revolted in May of the following year, and Diadumenian was elevated to co-emperor. After Macrinus was defeated in the Battle of Antioch on 8 June 218, Diadumenian was sent to the court of Artabanus IV of Parthia to ensure his safety; however, he was captured and executed along the way.  After his death and that of his father, the Senate declared both of them enemies of Rome and had their names struck from records and their images destroyed — a process known in modern scholarship as .

History
Diadumenian was born on 14 September 208, named Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus, to Macrinus, the praetorian prefect and future emperor of Berber origin. The unreliable , a collection of biographies of Roman emperors and usurpers, mistakenly names Diadumenian as "Diadumenus". The same source also states that Diadumenian's mother (Macrinus' wife) was called Nonia Celsa, though this name may have been invented by the author of the text. Little information survives about Diadumenian, although the details of his physical appearance can be deduced from coinage and a description from the , which relates that he was "beautiful beyond all others, somewhat tall of stature, with golden hair, black eyes and an aquiline nose; his chin was wholly lovely in its molding, his mouth designed for a kiss, and he was by nature strong and by training graceful".

Having served as praetorian prefect under Caracalla, Macrinus participated in a plot to have the Emperor assassinated and exploited the resulting power vacuum to seize the throne for himself on 11 April 217, three days after Caracalla's death. Shortly after, the eight-year-old Diadumenian was elevated to formalising his position as heir to the throneat Zeugma, while his guard was escorting him from Antioch to Mesopotamia to join his father. He was also given the name Antoninus, in honour of the Antonine dynasty, at this time. On 16 May 218 a revolt against him and his father was launched in Emesa by Elagabalus, whose mother, Julia Soaemias, was Caracalla's cousin. In order to put down the revolt, Macrinus led his legions to a fort at Apamea. There Macrinus elevated Diadumenian to , making him co-emperor. After Macrinus was defeated by Elagabalus on 8 June 218, at the Battle of Antioch, Macrinus fled north and then to the Bosporus. Before fleeing, he entrusted Diadumenian to loyal servants, instructing them to take him into the Parthian Empire, to the court of Artabanus IV, to ensure his safety. Diadumenian was captured en route in Zeugma and executed in late June. His head was brought to Elagabalus and reportedly kept as a trophy.

Following the demise of both Macrinus and Diadumenian, the Roman Senate quickly proclaimed their support for Elagabalus, declaring the former emperors to be enemies of the state. They were subject to a process known in modern scholarship as , with their images and mentions in inscriptions and papyri being destroyed during the reign of Elagabalus. In an attempt to wipe out all traces of Diadumenian and his father, Elagabalus dated his own reign to the end of that of Caracalla. Surviving busts of Diadumenian are mangled, with the facial features barely being discernible.

Numismatics

While , a large number of coins were struck for Diadumenian, although fewer than the amount struck for his father. Coins in which he is depicted as  are extremely limited, and the only known coins from this time are denarii. This has led to the suggestion, first proposed by the ancient numismatist Curtis Clay, that a large issue of coins was being made for Diadumenian; however, they were quickly melted down when the news of Macrinus' defeat spread. Some eastern provincial coins from the period exist which give Diadumenian the title , at the time the Greek equivalent of the Roman . In terms of gold coins, Diadumenian has one known style of aureus, bearing his image on the obverse and displaying Spes standing on the reverse, and one known style of half-aureus, bearing his image on the obverse and displaying himself holding a sceptre and standard.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Harold Mattingly, Edward A. Sydenham, C. H. V. Sutherland, Roman Imperial Coinage, volume IV part II, Macrinus to Pupienus, London, Spink, 1938.

208 births
218 deaths
3rd-century Berber people
3rd-century executions
3rd-century murdered monarchs
3rd-century Roman emperors
Berber monarchs
Severan dynasty
Opellii
Executed Roman emperors
Ancient child monarchs
Monarchs who died as children
Year of birth unknown
People executed by the Roman Empire
Executed children
Sons of Roman emperors
Sons of emperors
Roman pharaohs
Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae

Diadumenian


George Montbard, real name Charles Auguste Loye (2 August 1841 – 5 August 1905) was a French artist, illustrator and caricaturist who signed his work "G. Montbard".

Biography
Loye was born in Montbard on 2 August 1841. His parents were Charles Auguste Loye, 25 years old at his birth, who was a tax inspector in Chatellerault, in Nièvre, Burgundy, and Léopoldine Gaveau.

Under the Second French Empire, he published a caricature of Victor Hugo and another of Sainte-Beuve in 1867 in Le Masque, a theatrical weekly. The following year, he published another caricature of Hugo in Gulliver, a satirical weekly: under the title "Romanticism", Hugo is depicted in a medieval setting as the flag-bearer of the Romantic Movement. His drawings also appeared in La Rue, a periodical published by his friend Jules Vallès, as well as in satirical publications such as Le Monde illustré (1880) and L'Eclipse. He also published a single issue of his own weekly satirical periodical, La Fronde illustrée, dated 27 March 1871.

In My Days of Adventure; The Fall of France, 1870–71, Ernest Alfred Vizetelly, who had hired Montbard as an illustrator, writes that at that time Montbard "was a Republican—in fact, a future Communard" and did not appreciate an unexpected meeting in the street with Napoleon III, who took an interest in the sketch he was making. He refused to shave his "revolutionary beard" at the request of the chamberlain.

He became actively involved in the Paris Commune in 1871. His friend the illustrator Andre Gill  thought that he had died on the battlefield. But in fact Montbard fled to London to escape the loyalist Versaillais troops, sending his drawings from there to Le Monde illustré and L'Eclipse and also working for several London periodicals.

In 1872, he illustrated the riots in Ireland for the Illustrated London News, and a watercolour portrait of Thomas Binney by him was published in Vanity Fair on 12 October 1872, signed "Charles Augute Loye". His caricature of Léon Gambetta, also published in Vanity Fair on 19 October 1872, bears the caption: "He devoured France with activity." In 1876, Henri Bellenger published Londres pittoresque et la vie anglaise, with eight drawings by Montbard. In 1882 Vincent van Gogh, who was also working for the Illustrated London News, mentioned receiving illustrations by him of the Channel Islands.

Even after the amnesty of 1880, Montbard remained in London, where he married. His wife Alice was twenty years his junior, born in London in 1861. Montbard lived at 3 Augustus Square, according to the census of 1891 under the name of George Montbard. A daughter named Madeleine was apparently born in 1882 at that address. In the late 1880s he built a studio house for himself and his family, which still survives at 83 Dartmouth Park Hill.

For Montbard, art was also an opportunity to share his political views. Thus in 1889, he concludes in his book L' Ennemi "Delenda est Germania, si vult vivere Gallia", which may be translated "Germany must be destroyed for France to live." In The Case of John Bull in Egypt, the Transvaal, Venezuela and Elsewhere, he comments on the politics of the British Empire in the guise of a friendly conversation between France and John Bull.

Montbard did not confine himself to drawing and watercolors; he also painted in oils. He travelled extensively, particularly to the Maghreb. This was also the period of the beginnings of photography, which came to compete with the illustrator's art. This is why, albeit with some humour, Montbard writes of it in Among the Moors as "producing ... a deformed and lugubrious picture of men and things" and possibly constituting "a terrible engine of destruction, an explosive substance that was destined to pulverise the world of art".

In 1896, he illustrated Rudyard Kipling's poem "The 'eathen" for Pearson's Magazine.

His grave is in the cemetery at Dinard, Normandy, where his wife lived in the viscount's manor, Ker Loïs.

Books
 G. Montbard. The Land of the Sphinx. London: Hutchinson, 1894. . Online at the Internet Archive.
 G. Montbard. Among the Moors: Sketches of Oriental Life. London: S. Low, Marston & Co., 1894. . Online at the Internet Archive.
 G. Montbard. The Case of John Bull in Egypt, The Transvaal, Venezuela and Elsewhere. London: Hutchinson, [1896]. . Online at the Internet Archive.

References

External links

1841 births
1905 deaths
19th-century French painters
French male painters
French caricaturists
French illustrators
19th-century French male artists

George Montbard


Outrage is a 1973 made-for-television film that aired on the American Broadcasting Company's  (ABC) popular Movie of the Week franchise. The movie, which originally aired on November 28, 1973, tells the story of a suburban neighborhood and family that is repeatedly terrorized by a group of privileged young men from neighboring families. The film is set in an idealized rural suburban community.

The film stars Robert Culp, Marlyn Mason and Beah Richards, and featured Nicholas Hammond, James Sikking, Thomas Leopold, and Mark Lenard. The film was directed Richard T. Heffron, and written by writer William Wood.

The film was originally titled One Angry Man. Turner Classic Movies lists the title of the film as "Outrage!" with the addition of the exclamation point. The movie would later inspire a 1998 TV film remake of the same name with Rob Lowe and Jennifer Grey.

Plot summary
Jim Kiler, a suburbanite, finds himself and his family at the mercy of a group of young men from neighboring families who have singled out the Kilers after running roughshod over the greater community. While Kiler attempts at first to reason with the youths, their response is to step up the attacks on the family, which grow more emboldened and dangerous as the film continues. Kiler and his wife eventually feel that in addition to their personal safety, the youths are also trying to tempt their young daughter into situations that would harm her.

Kiler tries to talk to the parents of the young men. However, the parents of the youths either refuse to believe that their sons are capable of their actions, or blame Kiler for aggravating the situation. The parents of the youths are also self-absorbed in their own issues and resent Kiler's suggestions that they are at fault for their sons inability to tell right from wrong. Local law enforcement officials are unable and/or unwilling to become involved. Kiler and his family find themselves surrounded by people refusing to take action, or in denial that Kiler's claims are as dire as he says.

As the family finds itself reaching a point where a resolution has been found, the youths launch an attack on the family, which injures a member of the household. This action finally prompts the rational, logical Kiler to abandon his peaceful approach and take matters into his own hands as his outrage reaches the breaking point.

The film leaves the viewer with some satisfaction that he is able to avenge his family's torment by attacking the youths.   At the end of the film, it notes, as it did in real life, that no charges were pressed on Kiler, and there were no more issues with the youths.

Cast
 Robert Culp as Jim Kiler
 Marlyn Mason as Muriel Kiler
 Beah Richards as Thelma
 Jacqueline Scott as Mrs. Chandler
 Ramon Bieri as Deputy Tottif
 Tom Leopold as Vance Chandler (as Thomas Leopold)
 Mark Lenard as Mr. Chandler
 Ivor Francis as Judge William Vernon
 Nicholas Hammond as Ron Werner
 Paul Jenkins as Deputy
 Don Dubbins as Mr. Werner

References

External links

1973 television films
1973 films
1973 crime drama films
1970s crime thriller films
ABC Movie of the Week
American crime drama films
American crime thriller films
Films about families
Films scored by Jimmie Haskell
Films set in California
American drama television films
Films directed by Richard T. Heffron
1970s American films

Outrage (1973 film)


As-Salih Salah ad-Din Salih ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun (28 September 1337–1360/61, better known as as-Salih Salih, was the Mamluk sultan in 1351–1354. He was the eighth son of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad to accede to the sultanate. He was largely a figurehead, with real power held by the senior Mamluk emirs, most prominently Emir Taz an-Nasiri.

Biography
Salih was born on 28 September 1337. He was the son of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1310–1341) and one of his wives, Qutlumalik, the daughter of Emir Tankiz al-Husami of Damascus (r. 1312–1340). As sultan, Salih often displayed public affection and respect for his mother. He took his mother and his wives on a trip to Siryaqus (a resort village north of Cairo), along with several emirs and other officials. There, he held a royal ceremony in honor of his mother in which he laid out her table and served her food that he personally prepared. He declared her honorary sultan, accorded her regalia and assigned her servants and slave girls to play the role of her emirs.

In August 1351, Salih was appointed as sultan in place of his half-brother an-Nasir Hasan. His installment in the sultanate was a result of a decision by the senior Mamluk emirs, namely Taz and Baybugha in response to an-Nasir Hasan's move to assert real control over the state. At the onset of Salih's reign, emirs Shaykhu and Manjak (com) (Baybugha's brother) were released. In effect, Emir Taz was the ruler of the sultanate and Salih was a figurehead sultan. However, Salih did assert his authority when Emir Baybugha launched a rebellion in Syria in 1352. Salih led his army to Damascus and confronted the rebels. Baybugha and the nuwwab (governors, sing. na'ib) of Safad, Hama and Tripoli were ultimately imprisoned, and Byabugha died while incarcerated in Aleppo later that year.

Emir Shaykhu fell out with Salih and at the same time conspired with Emir Sirghitmish to oust Emir Taz from power. In October 1354, the dissident emirs toppled Salih and restored an-Nasir Hasan to power, while sending Taz to Aleppo to serve as that province's na'ib (effectively exiling him). Salih died in December 1360 at the age of 24. He was buried in the mausoleum of his paternal grandmother, Umm Salih (wife of Qalawun) in Cairo. He was survived by his son, Muhammad.

References

Bibliography

1337 births
1360 deaths
14th-century Mamluk sultans
Bahri sultans
14th-century Kipchaks

As-Salih Salih


Dubdi Monastery, occasionally called Yuksom Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery of the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism near Yuksom, in the Geyzing subdivision of West Sikkim district, in eastern India.

The Chogyar Namgyal established the first monastery known as the Dubdi Monastery in 1701, at Yuksom in Sikkim, which is part of Buddhist religious pilgrimage circuit involving the Norbugang Chorten, Pemayangtse Monastery, the Rabdentse ruins, the Sanga Choeling Monastery, the Khecheopalri Lake and the Tashiding Monastery.

Established in 1701, it is professed to be the oldest monastery in Sikkim and is located on the top of a hill which is about an hour's walk () from Yuksom. It was also known as the Hermit's Cell after its ascetic founder Lhatsun Namkha Jigme, who along with two other lamas from Tibet met at Norbugang near Yuksom and crowned Phuntsog Namgyal as the first King or Chogyal of Sikkim at Norbugang Yuksom in 1642. The literal meaning of 'Dubdi' in local language is "the retreat".

History
Dubdi monastery is central to the history of Sikkim as it is closely linked to the founding of the State of Sikkim at Yuksom in the middle of the 17th century by Lhetsum Chenpo and his two associate lamas. Chenpo's green image is enshrined in the Dubdi monastery as it was established by him to commemorate the founding of the Kingdom of Sikkim. It is the only monastery (purported now as the first monastery built in Sikkim) surviving out of the four built at that time, the other three locations are now identified by: a cluster of four juniper trees was the location where a monastery of Khardokpa sect existed; another location of a monastery established by Lama of Nadakpa sect now seen in the form of a rocky mound and two juniper trees, and the third site has now a chorten, which was originally the location of the residence of the King of Sikkim who was crowned at Yuksom by the three lamas. Monastery had thirty monks some time back. Now to gain access to the monastery, the only monk who stays in the monastery has to be informed in advance.

Architecture
Dubdi stands at an altitude of  on a spur. Established during the reign of Chogyar Namgyal, the Monastery has an elaborately painted interior area. Images of divinities, saints, other symbols and collection of manuscripts and texts are housed in the monastery. The statues of three lamas who were responsible for establishing Yuksom are also  installed in the monastery. It is a two storied structure built in stone. It is square in plan and faces south. It has a tapering tower with a flat roof made of iron sheets with projecting eaves. The top of the roof has a bell shaped gilded dome known as "Gyaltshen". The monastery has two side aisles where a rare collection of manuscripts and other ritual texts are preserved.

Gallery

See also
Buddhism
Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
Gautama Buddha
History of Buddhism in India

References

External links

Web
 Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
 Pilgrims Guide to Buddhist India: Buddhist Sites
Photographs
Travel Article on Yuksum

Buddhist monasteries in Sikkim
Nyingma monasteries and temples
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1701
1701 establishments in Asia

Dubdi Monastery


Jacques Larocque is a Canadian saxophonist, arranger, music educator, and university administrator. He has authored and published numerous transcriptions and arrangements for saxophone quartet; some of which have been recorded by ensembles like the Alliage Saxophone Quartet and the American Saxophone Quartet. He has appeared numerous times on CBC Radio as a soloist and chamber musician and has been a soloist with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Quebec Symphony Orchestra, and Orchestre symphonique de Trois-Rivières among others.

Larocque studied the saxophone at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal with Arthur Romano and Pierre Bourque. In 1967 he was awarded the Prix d'Europe and to this date is the only saxophonist to have received that honour. That prize enabled him to pursue further studies at the Conservatoire de Paris in France.

After returning to Canada, Larocque became a member of the renowned Pierre Bourque Saxophone Quartet in 1971 with whom he spent the next several years touring internationally and recording. From 1971–1990 he served as the director of the Module de musique program at the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. He has since taught on the music faculty at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Trois-Rivières. In 1995 he founded the saxophone septet Septune of which he remains Artistic Director. He is also the current Music Director of both Saxophone Andran and the trio Zeugma, and is a member of the Saxium Saxophone Quartet.

References

External links

Living people
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Canadian saxophonists
Male saxophonists
Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal alumni
Academic staff of the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Academic staff of the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century Canadian male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)

Jacques Larocque


The 7.62×51mm NATO is one of the main types of bullets used for battle rifles, sniper rifles, and light machine guns used by NATO countries.

It is based on the .30-06 Springfield catridge. The bullet is the same size, but the case is slightly smaller so soldiers could carry more bullets. It was the main bullet used by NATO until the 5.56×45mm NATO was invented.

Guns that use the 7.62 NATO include the M14, the FN FAL, the G3, the SCAR, the M240, and the M21.

Ammunition
Military cartridges
NATO
Pistol and rifle cartridges

7.62×51mm NATO


Brinton's Mill, also known as The Mill at Brinton's Bridge, is a historic grist mill located in Birmingham Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The mill was built about 1720, expanded in 1769, and renovated in 1824. The granary was built about 1824, when the mill was expanded.  Also on the property is a stone dwelling constructed in the 1920s and built on the foundation of an early 18th-century dwelling. During the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777, General John Sullivan and his troops were bivouacked at the adjacent Brinton's Ford.  In the early 1970s, the mill property was owned by artist Andrew Wyeth.  In 1958, Andrew and Betsy Wyeth purchased and restored "The Mill," a group of 18th-century buildings that appeared often in his work, including Night Sleeper (1979).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

References

Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Industrial buildings completed in 1720
Grinding mills in Chester County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania
1720 establishments in Pennsylvania

Brinton's Mill


is a 2016 Japanese thriller film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa, starring Hidetoshi Nishijima, Yūko Takeuchi, Teruyuki Kagawa, Haruna Kawaguchi, and Masahiro Higashide. Based on the 2012 novel by Yutaka Maekawa, it is about a married couple uncovering the secrets of their new, mysterious neighbor. The film had its world premiere at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival on 13 February 2016. It was released in Japan on 18 June 2016.

Plot
Having resigned as a profiler following an injury, Koichi Takakura and his wife Yasuko move to a place closer to his new job as a university lecturer in criminal psychology. In an effort to be friendly, Yasuko introduces herself to their two neighbors. One of them is Mrs. Tanaka and her bed-ridden mother, who coldly reject any kind of friendship with the Takakuras. Yasuko rings the doorbell at the house of their other neighbor, who lives in-between the Takakuras and Tanakas, but there is no answer. When Yasuko goes again to leave a bag of chocolates at the middle neighbor's gate, he appears and identifies himself as Masayuki Nishino. Their initial encounter gives Yasuko a creepy impression of Nishino, as he acts strangely whenever he's around her.

While at work, Koichi becomes interested in a cold case involving the disappearance of three members of a family leaving only an unreliable witness, Saki Honda. A former police colleague of Koichi's named Nogami asks him to help investigate. While visiting the crime scene, Koichi and Nogami try to talk to Saki, but she refuses as she doesn't quite remember the events leading up to her family's disappearance. Back at home, Yasuko runs into Nishino again and he tells her he lives with his daughter, Mio, and his wife; but after saying she looks forward to meeting her, Nishino rudely dismisses her. When walking home, Koichi is confronted by Nishino who says that Yasuko is a burden. Both Koichi and Yasuko have uneasy feelings about Nishino, but they relent when he becomes friendlier and more open with his life.

At the university, Koichi and Nogami interview Saki, who says that before her family vanished, they acted in extremely bizarre ways that were much different than what they normally did. She also remembers seeing a man stare at them from the house of the Hondas' neighbor, Mr. Mizuta. When investigating the Mizuta house, Nogami discovers five decomposing bodies wrapped in sealed plastic bags. Yasuko, when looking for their dog, Max, encounters Nishino and he tries to come onto her. Later, Koichi is approached by Mio, who says that Nishino is not her father, but a complete stranger. When he tries to ask her questions, Mio runs off when Nishino comes home. Yasuko begins to act erratically, going from periods of bad sickness to emotional outbursts. Because of this behavior, Koichi becomes more suspicious of Nishino, and calls Nogami so he could look into him. Nishino invites Nogami inside his house, but Nogami goes down a corridor and opens a large metal door. Right as Koichi comes home, the Tanaka house explodes, and while trying to help, he notices Nishino casually watching television.

When police investigate, Koichi is told by an older lieutenant, Tanimoto, that there were three bodies in the wreckage: Tanaka, her mother, and Nogami. Puzzled, Koichi visits Saki and attempts to show her a photograph of Nishino, but she doesn't remember him. It is revealed that Nishino is an impostor; he controls Mio and her mother after apparently killing Mio's actual father and having her dispose of him in the same way as the corpses in the Mizuka house. Mio's mother is kept under control by an injection of special tranquilizers, but after Mio purposefully gives her an under-dose, the mother attacks Nishino, only to be subdued. Nishino then shoots the mother with Nogami's gun in front of Mio. Nishino then brings Yasuko down into his chamber and shows her the mother's body and forces her to help Mio dispose of the body. Koichi comes home and is startled when Mio barges in. He asks her where Yasuko is, but is interrupted by Nishino who has Yasuko's house key. Koichi assaults Nishino, but the police arrive and detain Koichi.

Tanimoto talks to Koichi and has Nishino brought to the police station. They discover Nishino has left and they both drive to Nishino's house. Tanimoto discovers the chamber, but is incapacitated by Nishino. Koichi goes into the chamber and finds Yasuko and Tanimoto, but is confronted by Nishino holding Yasuko at gunpoint. Nishino reveals to Koichi that he has effectively brainwashed Yasuko and Mio through drugs, and assures Koichi that Yasuko is his. Koichi realizes that Nishino moves from family to family, brainwashing them and eventually makes them kill each other. He manages to talk to Yasuko and berates Nishino for his crimes, but Koichi is suddenly injected by Yasuko, and they depart with Nishino, Mio, and Max.

The five of them arrive at an abandoned building, where Nishino scouts for another "home." Deeming Max unnecessary baggage, Nishino brings the drugged Koichi out from the car and urges him to kill Max. Koichi tells Nishino that "this is where you fall," and quickly turns and shoots Nishino. Free of his brainwashing, Mio celebrates with Max, and Yasuko, understanding what she and Koichi went through, breaks down in his arms.

Cast
 Hidetoshi Nishijima as Koichi Takakura
 Yūko Takeuchi as Yasuko Takakura
 Teruyuki Kagawa as Nishino
 Haruna Kawaguchi as Saki Honda
 Masahiro Higashide as Nogami
 Ryōko Fujino as Mio
 Toru Baba as Matsuoka
 Takashi Sasano as Tanimoto
 Masahiro Toda as Okawa

Production
The filming began on 1 August 2015, and ended on 4 September 2015.

Release
The film had its world premiere at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival on 13 February 2016. It was released in Japan on 18 June 2016.

Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 91%, based on 47 reviews, and an average rating of 7.16/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Creepy lives up to its title with a suspenseful and thoroughly unsettling - not to mention well-acted - blend of crime procedural and domestic drama." On Metacritic, the film has received a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that with Creepy, "Kiyoshi Kurosawa returns from auteurist chores to the classic horror that made him a cult name." The New York Times critic Manohla Dargis praised the film, writing, "Creepy certainly works — looks and feels — like a horror movie, but it also has the conundrums of a detective story, the emotional currents of a domestic drama and the quickening pulse of a psychological thriller, a combination that creates a kind of destabilization." Rob Staeger of The Village Voice also praised the film and singled out Teruyuki Kagawa's performance, writing: "The performances are compelling all around, but Kagawa stands out: His Nishino, somehow as cowardly as he is sinister, recalls the oily nervousness of Peter Lorre." Chuck Bowen of Slant Magazine gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, commenting that "Creepy is a masterful work of suspense, but it ultimately remains an exercise; the film doesn't quite make the leap into the gloriously irrational realm of the empathetic and transcendent."

References

External links

2016 films
2010s thriller films
Japanese thriller films
Shochiku films
Films directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa
Films based on mystery novels
Films based on Japanese novels
2010s Japanese films
2010s Japanese-language films

Creepy (film)


Jubilee is a Sex Pistols singles compilation issued in 2002 to celebrate the Sex Pistols' 25th anniversary Jubilee (as well as the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II).

The album also included promo videos for God Save the Queen, Anarchy in the U.K. and Pretty Vacant.

The track "Pretty Vacant (Live)" is from the 1996 reunion tour. "Silly Thing" is not the version of the song that appears on The Great Rock 'N' Roll Swindle album, but the single version of the track which has vocals by Steve Jones instead of Paul Cook.

Track listing
As follows:
"God Save the Queen"
"Anarchy in the UK"
"Pretty Vacant"
"Holidays in the Sun"
"No One Is Innocent"
"My Way"
"Something Else"
"Friggin' in the Riggin''"
"Silly Thing"
"C'mon Everybody"
"The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle"
"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone"
"Pretty Vacant (Live)"
"EMI (Unlimited Edition)"

References

2002 greatest hits albums
Sex Pistols compilation albums
Virgin Records compilation albums

Jubilee (Sex Pistols album)


is a town located in Tamana District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

The town was formed on March 1, 2006 from the merger of the towns of Kikusui and Mikawa, both from Tamana District.

As of October 2016, the town has an approximate population of 10,030 and a density of about 100 persons per km². The total area is 98.75 km².

References

External links

Nagomi official website

Towns in Kumamoto Prefecture

Nagomi, Kumamoto


John A. Miller (born August John Mueller; 1872 – June 24, 1941) was an American roller coaster designer and builder, inventor, and businessman. Miller patented over 100 key roller coaster components, and is widely considered the "father of the modern high-speed roller coaster." During his lifetime, he participated in the design of approximately 150 coasters and was a key business partner and mentor to other well-known roller coaster designers, Harry C. Baker and John C. Allen.

Biography

Early life
Miller was born in Homewood, Illinois and worked as a coaster builder at a very early age. At the age of 19, he started working with La Marcus Thompson and went on to serve as Thompson's chief engineer. By 1911, he was working as a consultant to the Philadelphia Toboggan Company He also worked with noted designers Frederick Ingersoll and Fred and Josiah Pearce.

Miller in 1910 designed a device that prevented cars from rolling backward down the lift hill in the event of pull chain breakage. It attached to the track and clicked onto the rungs of the chain. Known as the safety chain dog, or safety ratchet, it evolved into the device on the underside of cars that makes that distinctive  sound of wooden coasters.

Miller's most important contribution to roller coaster technology, though, was the underfriction wheel. In 1919, he patented the "Miller Under Friction Wheel," also called the "upstop wheel," which consisted of a wheel that ran under the track to keep the coaster cars from flying off. This allowed the designers to use very steep drops, sharp horizontal and vertical curves and high speeds. These are found on nearly every roller coaster in operation.

Miller & Baker
Besides patenting ingenious inventions for coasters—including several types of brakes and car bar locks—Miller built his share of unusual "scream machines." In 1920 Miller went into business with Harry C. Baker as "Miller & Baker, Inc." and over the next three years, they built popular coasters all over North America. Characteristics of their roller coasters are camelback hills (multiple straight or slightly angled drops that went all the way to the ground) and large, flat turns.

Miller & Baker built other types of amusement rides and structures as well. In addition to coasters, the firm constructed mill chutes, and domed roof buildings for carousels and dance pavilions.

The John Miller Company
After 1923, Miller continued to design and build coasters for his own company, "The John Miller Company." The Dip-Lo-Docus (c. 1923), billed as "The Jazz Ride," featured revolving three-seater cars, whereas the Flying Turns (1929) consisted of cars with swiveling rubber wheels tearing through a half-cylindrical chute like a toboggan. The legendary Cyclone (1928–1958) at Puritas Springs near Cleveland, Ohio was honored with a place on the Smithsonian Institution's list of Great Lost Roller Coasters. It was hidden so much by foliage that only the boarding platform was visible to riders before they began to race through the ravine. This 1928 ride was considered one of the golden-age classics of the period.

Later life and death
Although many of his most famous roller coasters were built during the 1920s, Miller never stopped building roller coasters. He continued to travel to supervise site installations and consult on roller coaster design until his death. He died on June 24, 1941, while working on a roller coaster project at Playland Park in Houston, Texas, at the age of 69.

Roller coasters

During his lifetime, Miller designed or contributed to the design of approximately 150 roller coasters.

Patents

References

External links

John A. Miller site

Amusement ride manufacturers
Roller coaster designers
People from Homewood, Illinois
1872 births
1941 deaths

John A. Miller


Keren Hayesod – United Israel Appeal (, literally "The Foundation Fund") is an official fundraising organization for Israel with branches in 45 countries.  Its work is carried out in accordance with the Keren haYesod Law-5716, passed by the Knesset in January 1956, granting the organization a unique fundraising status. It is a registered corporation of the State of Israel.

One of Israel's three "National Institutions," Keren Hayesod works in coordination with the Government of Israel and the Jewish Agency for Israel to further the national priorities of the State of Israel.

History

Pre-state era

Keren Hayesod was established at the World Zionist Congress in London on July 7–24, 1920 to provide the Zionist movement with resources needed to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.  It came in response to the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which  stated that "his Majesty's government views with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" -  turning the ages-old dream of the return to Zion into a politically feasible goal.

Keren Hayesod established fundraising organizations around the world. Early leaders included Chaim Weizmann, Albert Einstein and Ze'ev Jabotinsky.

During the 1920s, Keren Hayesod began to lay the groundwork for a Jewish National Home and helped raise funds to establish the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,  Bank Hapoalim and various physical projects. In 1926, Keren Hayesod relocated its headquarters from London to Jerusalem. With the establishment of the Jewish Agency in 1929, Keren Hayesod became its fundraising arm while continuing its own wide-ranging activities.

The effects of the worldwide economic depression of 1929 hit Keren Hayesod hard, but after Hitler's rise to power in 1933, Keren Hayesod helped to develop the Haifa Bay suburbs to provide housing for German Jews fleeing the Nazis. Towards this end, the Rassco construction company was established in 1934. In 1936, Keren Hayesod supported the establishment of what would become the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra  to provide employment for refugee musicians.

With the help of donations from all over the Jewish world, Keren Hayesod established over 900 urban and rural settlements in Israel, provided housing and jobs for new immigrants. During and after World War II, it launched emergency campaigns, sometimes in partnership with other organizations.  Funds were used to help the Allied war effort and when the concentration camps were liberated to smuggle survivors into Palestine in defiance of British immigration restrictions.

Many Keren Hayesod leaders were murdered in the Holocaust. In March 1948, a car bomb was detonated in the courtyard of the building, killing twelve people, including the director of Keren Hayesod, Leib Yaffe.

State of Israel

The first full decade that followed the birth of the State of Israel was marked by huge waves of immigration, primarily from North Africa, Yemen, Kurdistan and Iraq. Within a few years, Israel's population tripled, resulting in great distress and a heightened demand for social, educational and cultural services. Keren HayesodSderot (1951) and Eilat (1956), as well as kibbutzim and moshavim. Keren Hayesod provided major funding for these communities, establishing new fundraising campaigns around the world and renewing its presence in Germany (1955).

The economic crisis that hit Israel in 1983 and 1984 created major hardships, and programs to alleviate social distress became Keren Hayesod's major priority.  Keren Hayesod-supported Operation Moses brought 5,000 new immigrants from Ethiopia to Israel in a dramatic airlift (1984), and the organization immediately mobilized to raise funds to address the new immigrants' special needs.
Israel was still in the throes of the First Intifada (1987-1993) when the Soviet Union imploded. The end of the Communist regime in the USSR (1991) opened the gates to over a million Jews who had been fighting for years for the right to immigrate to their ancestral homeland.  In addition, over 14,000 Ethiopian Jews were airlifted to Israel in Operation Solomon (in 1991).
The massive numbers of new immigrants created a huge demand for immigrant services, housing, and jobs;  Keren Hayesod launched a special Exodus Campaign to fund this effort.

The wave of terror launched by the Second Intifada (2000-2004) had a devastating impact on the Israeli economy, resulting in major social distress. The situation was exacerbated by the crisis in the tourism industry and the bursting of the hi-tech bubble. In response, Keren Hayesod traditional areas of activity, immigrant absorption and Jewish-Zionist education in the Diaspora. Thus, for example, Keren Hayesod, in partnership with the Jewish Agency, Cisco Systems Inc. and the Appleseeds Academy, initiated the Net@ project, which provides hi-tech training to youth in the suburbs.  Keren Hayesod was also a lead partner in the Jewish Agency Fund for Victims of Terror.

Tens of thousands disadvantaged children and adults are served by social and cultural programs established by Keren Hayesod. The organization also provides financial support to educational youth villages,  after-school programming, and youth mentoring projects.  Sheltered housing has been constructed to enable Holocaust survivors and the needy elderly live out their lives in dignity and comfort.

Keren Hayesod marked its 90th anniversary in 2010. A major priority is now financial aid to peripheral cities in Israel and programs to bridge the social gap.

Social aid programs
Ayalim movement social, cultural, educational and infrastructure projects to better the lives of adults and children in the Negev and Galilee.
 Youth Futures mentoring program for at-risk youth
Amigour network of sheltered homes for low-income elderly individuals
Four educational youth villages for disadvantaged youngsters
The Net@ after-school training project for at-risk youth
 Selah-Mir higher education preparatory course in partnership with academic institutions
Yesodot after-school enrichment program at absorption centers
WINGS program to support lone soldiers

Zionist education in the Diaspora
Jewish summer camps in former Soviet republics to cultivate Jewish and Zionist identity
 Hebrew language ulpan and cultural events
Masa Israel Journey for study, volunteering or internships in Israel
Taglit-Birthright experience
Nativ Jewish education program for new immigrant soldiers.
Net@, an intensive hi-tech training program course for high school students

Emergency campaigns
Keren haYesod provided assistance to residents of southern Israel under daily rocket attack in the summer of 2014.
Following the kidnapping and murder of three teenage boys by Hamas in early June, rocket fire from Gaza intensified into round-the-clock attacks with only 15 seconds to run for safety. Keren Hayesod financed the construction of portable bomb shelters in residential areas. These shelters were purchased with funds collected in Keren Hayesod's Emergency Solidarity Campaign launched after Operation "Protective Edge." Funds were also used to provide fun days for children, giving them a break from the rocket fire, and for professional counseling for traumatized residents.  Medical equipment was acquired for hospitals in the south where injured soldiers and civilians were brought for treatment.  Other support included financial assistance to families of fallen soldiers and civilians killed in terror attacks, as well as injured soldiers and families whose homes were destroyed by rockets.

References

External links

 UIA – United Israel Appeal, in Australia
 A Collection of Keren haYesod historical posters
The Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem: Collections of Keren haYesod since its foundation.

Zionist organizations
Jewish community organizations
International Jewish organizations
Jewish Agency for Israel
Organizations established in 1920

Keren Hayesod


Jamie Saint John Bamber Griffith (born 3 April 1973), known professionally as Jamie Bamber, is a British actor, known for his roles as Lee Adama in Battlestar Galactica and Detective Sergeant Matt Devlin in the ITV series Law & Order: UK. He also had a supporting role as 2nd Lt. Jack Foley in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers, as Lieutenant Archie Kennedy in the Hornblower series and was a regular on the British series Ultimate Force and Peak Practice. In 2013, Bamber starred in the TNT medical drama Monday Mornings, and in 2014, in the Sky 1 drama The Smoke.

Early life
Bamber was born on 3 April 1973 in Hammersmith, London, England, to Ralph and Elizabeth Griffith. His father is from the United States and his mother is from Northern Ireland. At the time Bamber was born, his father was an American management consultant. Bamber has five brothers and one sister, actress Anastasia Griffith.

Bamber was educated at St Paul's School in London, and graduated with a first in Modern Languages (Italian and French) from St John's College, Cambridge, before attending and graduating from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He is fluent in both Italian and French, having spent part of his childhood in Paris. Bamber appeared in the 1994 student film Shifting Sands.

Acting career

Battlestar Galactica
Beginning in 2003, Bamber starred as Lee 'Apollo' Adama in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica that started as a miniseries and served as a backdoor pilot for the 2004 television series on the US Sci Fi Channel (now Syfy). The show received critical acclaim and received a Peabody Award plus a number of nominations in its four-season run; Bamber was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for Battlestar Galactica in 2004.

In the role of Lee Adama, Londoner Bamber speaks with an American accent which is frequently cited for its accuracy; he credits being exposed to his father's American accent from childhood.  He also darkened his hair, in an effort to more closely resemble Edward James Olmos, who plays his character's father. Reciprocally, Olmos wore contact lenses with blue irises to match Bamber's eyes.

Bamber wrote the foreword for Titan Books' Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion Season Three by David Bassom. Of the show's dramatic resonance, he said:

... that's what good drama lets us do. It allows us to see and to feel things we otherwise would not. And great drama allows us to do that on every level: the psychological, the personal and the political. I am proud to say that in the pared down world of Battlestar Galactica there is no plot, no character and no relationship that does not breathe the oxygen of all three levels at once.

Other television roles

Bamber is also well known for his role as DS Matt Devlin, the impulsive younger partner of veteran detective DS Ronnie Brooks (Bradley Walsh) on Law & Order: UK for the show's first five series, from 2009 to 2011.

He played Lieutenant Archibald "Archie" Kennedy in the popular ITV series Hornblower, appearing in five of the eight television films in which Kennedy (rising in ranks from midshipman to lieutenant) has a much expanded role from that essayed in C.S. Forester's novels. Bamber also appeared as a trainee doctor in the final series of long running ITV soap Peak Practice, and portrayed an SAS officer in Ultimate Force; it was on a break from the latter, which he subsequently revealed as a job that he was not entirely happy with, that he traveled to Los Angeles and read for Battlestar Galactica.

Bamber guest starred in the second season premiere of Joss Whedon's Dollhouse where his character is wed to Echo (played by Eliza Dushku) during one of her missions; he also reunited with his Battlestar Galactica co-star Tahmoh Penikett in the episode. In the BBC's Outcasts, Bamber portrayed a hot-tempered expeditionary leader amongst colonists of a distant planet in the late 21st century; though he had been offered a larger part in the series, he elected to take the supporting role in part because he was wary of following up Battlestar Galactica with another sci-fi series that bore a few similarities. Other TV series in which he has made guest appearances include CSI: Miami, NCIS, House, Cold Case, Ghost Whisperer, The Last Detective, Body of Proof, Perception, Rizzoli & Isles and the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers.

He played the role of detective Caolán Longstreet in 17th Precinct, a pilot by Galactica creator Ronald D. Moore described as a police drama which takes place in a world governed by magic. The pilot was not picked up by NBC for the fall 2011 season; it would have also re-united him with his Galactica co-stars James Callis and Tricia Helfer.

Bamber starred as neurosurgeon Dr. Tyler Wilson in Monday Mornings, the David E. Kelley-produced series for TNT, co-executive-produced by Sanjay Gupta and based on his novel of the same name. The series debuted in February 2013; it was cancelled after one season. In 2014 he played the lead role of Kev Allison, a London firefighter struggling to keep his personal and professional relationships together after a life-altering accident on the job, in The Smoke, a Kudos Television drama for Sky1 in the UK.

He currently has supporting roles in two UK series: Marcella, returning for a second series in 2018; and Fearless. He also plays a recurring role in the 2018 STARZ series Counterpart and starred as Colonel Alexander Coltrane in the Cinemax series Strike Back.   He plays Archie Hughes, Martha's business partner and ex-fiance, in the BBC TV series  Beyond Paradise, which started airing in 2023.

Film
Bamber played the starring role in the 2008 film Pulse 2: Afterlife, a direct-to-DVD sequel to 2006's Pulse. Earlier he starred in The Devil's Tattoo (known as Ghost Rig in the US) along with Kerry Norton, who was later to become his wife.

He made his French-language acting debut in 2012 in Martin Valente's , portraying the American fiancé of the female lead played by French pop star . According to Bamber, his character is loosely based on Andre Agassi.  Most recently, he co-starred in the 2017 French romantic comedy  alongside  and .

In May 2011, Bamber completed filming John Doe: Vigilante, an Australian production directed by Kelly Dolen. The film was released in the United States on 21 March 2014.

On 9 June 2015, Variety announced that Jamie Bamber, Kellan Lutz, Jesse Williams, and Jess Weixler had joined the cast of a thriller film titled Money, directed by Martin Rosete and produced by Atit Shah.

Stage and radio
Bamber's stage appearances include Prince Hal in Henry IV Parts 1 and 2 at the Bristol Old Vic in 2002; and in 2005 he appeared as Mephistopheles in Dr. Faustus; at the Liverpool Playhouse.

He has also acted in radio serials; major roles include Sebastian Flyte in Brideshead Revisited and Philip in Where Angels Fear to Tread for BBC Radio 4.

Personal life
Bamber is married to English actress and singer Kerry Norton who played Ishay, Doc Cottle's assistant, on Battlestar Galactica. The couple have three daughters.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Video games

References

External links

Living people
1973 births
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male television actors
English people of American descent
English people of Northern Ireland descent
British expatriates in the United States
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Male actors from Hammersmith
English male stage actors
English male Shakespearean actors

Jamie Bamber


The Kitchen Debate () was a series of impromptu exchanges through interpreters between U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikita Khrushchev, at the opening of the American National Exhibition at Sokolniki Park in Moscow on July 24, 1959.

An entire house was built for the exhibition which the American exhibitors claimed that anyone in the United States could afford. It was filled with labor-saving and recreational devices meant to represent the fruits of the capitalist American consumer market. The debate was recorded on color videotape, and Nixon made reference to this fact; it was subsequently broadcast in both countries.

History
In 1959, the Soviets and Americans agreed to hold exhibits in each other's countries as a cultural exchange to promote understanding. This was a result of the 1958 U.S.–Soviet Cultural Agreement. The Soviet exhibit in New York City opened in June 1959, and Vice President Nixon was on hand the following month to open the U.S. exhibit in Moscow. Nixon took Soviet First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev on a tour of the exhibit. There were multiple displays and consumer goods provided by more than 450 American companies. The centerpiece of the exhibit was a geodesic dome that housed scientific and technical experiments in a  facility. The Soviets purchased the dome at the end of the Moscow exhibition.

William Safire was the exhibitor's press agent, and he recounted that the Kitchen Debate took place in a number of locations at the exhibition, but primarily in the kitchen of a suburban model house that was cut in half for easy viewing. This was only one of a series of four meetings that occurred between Nixon and Khrushchev during the 1959 exhibition. Nixon was accompanied by President Eisenhower's younger brother Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of Johns Hopkins University.

Khrushchev surprised Nixon during the first meeting in the Kremlin when he protested the Captive Nations Resolution passed by the US Congress, which condemned the Soviet Union for its "control" over the "captive" peoples of Eastern Europe and called upon Americans to pray for those people. After protesting the actions of the U.S. Congress, he dismissed the new technology of the U.S. and declared that the Soviets would have all of the same things in a few years and then say "Bye bye" as they surpassed the U.S.

Khrushchev criticised the large range of American gadgets. In particular, Khrushchev saw that some of the gadgets were harder to use than the traditional way. One of these devices was a handheld lemon juicer for tea. He criticized the device, saying that it was much easier to squeeze the juice out by hand and the appliance was unnecessary. Khrushchev asked Nixon if this device was standard in American kitchens. Nixon admitted some of the products had not hit the U.S. market, and were prototypes. Khrushchev satirically asked "Don't you have a machine that puts food into the mouth and pushes it down?", a reference to Charlie Chaplin's 1936 film Modern Times. Nixon responded that at least the competition was technological rather than military. Both men agreed that the United States and the Soviet Union should seek areas of agreement.

The second visit occurred in a television studio inside the American exhibit. In the end, Khrushchev stated that everything that he had said in their debate should be translated into English and broadcast in the U.S. Nixon responded, "Certainly it will, and everything I say is to be translated into Russian and broadcast across the Soviet Union. That's a fair bargain." Khrushchev vigorously shook hands to this proposal.

Nixon argued that the Americans built to take advantage of new techniques, while Khrushchev advocated for Communism by arguing that the Soviets built for future generations. Khrushchev stated, "This is what America is capable of, and how long has she existed? 300 years? 150 years of independence and this is her level. We haven't quite reached 42 years, and in another 7 years, we'll be at the level of America, and after that we'll go farther." Safire reported that Leonid Brezhnev was present and attempted to obstruct his photos.

The third visit occurred inside the kitchen on a cutaway model home that was furnished with a dishwasher, refrigerator, and range. It was designed to represent a $14,000 home that a typical American worker could afford ().

Television broadcast and American reaction
The three major American television networks broadcast the Kitchen Debate on July 25, 1959. The Soviets subsequently protested, as Nixon and Khrushchev had agreed that the debate should be broadcast simultaneously in America and the Soviet Union, with the Soviets threatening to withhold the tape until they were ready to broadcast. The American networks, however, had felt that the delay would cause the news to lose its immediacy. The debate was broadcast on Moscow television on July 27, albeit late at night and with Nixon's remarks only partially translated.

American reaction was mixed. The New York Times called it "an exchange that emphasized the gulf between east and west but had little bearing on the substantive issue" and portrayed it as a political stunt. The paper also declared that public opinion seemed divided after the debates. Time magazine, on the other hand, praised Nixon, saying that he "managed in a unique way to personify a national character proud of peaceful accomplishment, sure of its way of life, confident of its power under threat."

Nixon gained popularity because of the informal nature of the exchange, improving upon the lukewarm reception that he previously had with the American public. According to William Safire, he also impressed Khrushchev: "The shrewd Khrushchev came away from his personal duel of words with Nixon persuaded that the advocate of capitalism was not just tough-minded but strong-willed."

The trip raised Nixon's profile as a public statesman, greatly improving his chances of receiving the Republican presidential nomination the following year. Khrushchev in a 1961 meeting with Nixon's opponent in the ensuing election, John F. Kennedy, would joke that he had voted for Kennedy.

In the Kitchen Debate, Khrushchev claimed that Nixon's grandchildren would live under communism and Nixon claimed that Khrushchev's grandchildren would live in freedom. In a 1992 interview, Nixon commented that at the time of the debate, he was sure Khrushchev's claim was wrong, but Nixon was not sure that his own assertion was correct. Nixon said that events had proven that he was indeed right because Khrushchev's grandchildren (Khrushchev's son Sergei Khrushchev was a naturalized American citizen) now lived in freedom, referring to then recent collapse of the Soviet Union.

See also
 Six Crises

References

External links

 The original color videotape recording,  and
 A condensed version is available at TeachingAmericanHistory.org, a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University
 A more complete version  of the text is available.
 The Loss of Early Video Recordings – Article about the missing Kitchen Debate videotape

1959 in American politics
1959 in international relations
1959 in American television
Nikita Khrushchev
Political controversies in the United States
Political controversies
Richard Nixon
Soviet Union–United States relations
Political debates
July 1959 events in Europe
1959 in Moscow
1959 in Soviet television
Radiation accidents and incidents

Kitchen Debate


The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region () is the largest metropolitan region in Germany, with over ten million inhabitants.  A polycentric conurbation with several major urban concentrations, the region covers an area of , entirely within the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region spreads from the Ruhr area (Dortmund-Bochum-Essen-Duisburg) in the north to the urban areas of the cities of Mönchengladbach, Düsseldorf (the state capital), Wuppertal, Leverkusen, Cologne (the region's largest and Germany's fourth largest city), and Bonn in the south. The location of the Rhine-Ruhr at the heart of the European Blue Banana makes it well connected to other major European cities and metropolitan areas such as the Randstad, the Flemish Diamond and the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region.

The metropolitan area is named after the Rhine and Ruhr rivers, which are the region's defining geographical features and historically its economic backbone.

Subdivisions
The largest cities in the Rhine-Ruhr area are Cologne, with over one million inhabitants, followed by Düsseldorf, Dortmund and Essen, each of which has slightly more than 575,250.

Many unofficial compositions of the Rhine-Ruhr area differ from one another, while the officially defined border of the metropolitan area itself comprises Hamm in the east, Mönchengladbach in the west, Bonn in the south, with the small city of Wesel as its northernmost point. The northern border is similar to that of the Ruhr Area.

This first unofficial table here characterizes the Rhine-Ruhr area as comprising three regions, which together constitute an area much larger than officially defined.

Eurostat's Urban Audit splits the Rhine-Ruhr region into six Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). None of these six Urban Zones includes the cities of Remscheid and Solingen or the district of Rhein-Kreis Neuss.

Economy

Historically, most of the Ruhr area was for the most part characterized by heavy industry since the age of industrialisation in the late 19th and early 20th century. Since the Middle Ages, Cologne, Dortmund, and other cities were important regional trading cities, but during the 19th century the city of Düsseldorf grew to become the administrative center of the region and since 1945, its political capital.

Today, the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region accounts for roughly 15% of the GDP of the German economy, which would place it as the 2nd largest metropolitan area GDP in the European Union. Despite this size, the Rhine-Ruhr region as a whole often lacks international competitiveness because it lacks a unified presentation. Cities and urban areas within it often pursue separate investment policies against each other.

From within, Düsseldorf, Essen, and Cologne are by far the largest economic centers, with specialisation in financial/high tech and insurance/multi media services respectively. Other major economic centers are Bonn and Dortmund. The region is home to twelve Fortune Global 500 companies, among them E.ON AG (Essen), Deutsche Post AG (Bonn), Metro AG (Düsseldorf), Deutsche Telekom AG (Bonn), ThyssenKrupp AG (Essen), RWE AG (Essen), Bayer AG (Leverkusen), Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH (Duisburg), Evonik Industries (Essen), Hochtief AG, (Essen), and the Henkel Group, (Düsseldorf).

Climate

The Rhine-Ruhr area's climate is characterized by having the warmest winters in Germany, especially its western part at the Lower Rhine area. Classified by Köppen-Geiger climate classification to be oceanic (Cfb).

Transportation

Air
The area has four international commercial airports, and several smaller aerodromes for general aviation.

Road
The network of Autobahns in North Rhine-Westphalia is the most dense in all of Germany.

Public transport
The rail, S-Bahn, U-Bahn and bus companies are administered through a consortium of local and regional transport lines, the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr. It offers a rapid transit system which interconnects all cities and their respective local buses, trams, U- and S-Bahn systems, partly under the umbrella of Deutsche Bahn. Their systems are highly integrated where even some subway lines continue from one city to the next (for example between Düsseldorf and Duisburg or Bochum and Herne, which is unique in Germany, as the city border is crossed underground). The region is divided into several urban zones and fares are paid according to the amount of urban areas (or zones) passed through. Tickets include door to door transportation with all forms covered in one ticket with the exception of high speed rail (which only stops in the major cities). Some excursions, theatre and opera tickets as well as museums offer free transportation from any point in the Rhine Ruhr area to the venue and return.

Waterways
Duisburg Inner Harbour (Duisport) and Dortmund Port are large industrial inland ports and serve as hubs along the Rhine and the German inland water transport system.

Tourism

Events

The region is host to numerous large events, comprising fun fairs and cultural events like the Cologne and Düsseldorf carnivals (carnival is however a public event in almost all cities and towns of the area), the Cologne Comedy Festival, Ruhrfestspiele Recklinghausen, and the RuhrTriennale, as well as Gamescom and other trade fairs at Koelnmesse—Cologne Trade Fair and Messe Düsseldorf; and Essen Motor Show in Essen. With a capacity of up to 20,000 people, the Lanxess Arena and Westfalenhallen are amongst the largest indoor arenas in Germany.

The region is home to a total of 13 Bundesliga football clubs, of which five are active in the season of 2017–18. The most successful among them are Borussia Dortmund, Borussia Mönchengladbach, 1. FC Köln, FC Schalke 04 and Bayer 04 Leverkusen. The Revierderby is the rivalry between Borussia Dortmund and Schalke 04, one of the most significant in German football. Westfalenstadion, the stadium of Borussia Dortmund, is the biggest stadium in Germany. The area had plans to bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics, before the IOC declared Brisbane to be the host.

Landmarks

Several tourist destinations within the region attract over 12 million tourists per year. Cologne Cathedral, Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces at Brühl and the Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex at Essen are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Other sights include Schloss Benrath in Düsseldorf and several anchor points of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Museums
NRW Forum, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Museum Koenig, Museum Ludwig, Romano-Germanic Museum, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Neanderthal Museum, Museum Folkwang, Museum Ostwall, Lehmbruck Museum, German Mining Museum and Deutsches Museum Bonn are some of the most famous examples.

Education
The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region is home to nine universities and over 30 partly postgraduate colleges, with a total of over 300.000 students. The largest and oldest university is the University of Cologne (Universität zu Köln), founded in 1388 AD. Other universities include:
 the Ruhr University Bochum,
 the University of Bonn,
 the German Sport University Cologne,
 the Technical University of Dortmund,
 the University of Duisburg-Essen,
 the University of Düsseldorf,
 the FernUniversität Hagen and
 the University of Wuppertal.

Municipalities

The following register lists all municipalities that officially belong to Rhine-Ruhr area. Demographically, these municipalities include 20 cities (German: ) each with more than 100,000 inhabitants, and 11 districts (German: ), each with a population of more than 250,000 inhabitants. Some districts only belong partly to Rhine-Ruhr area. In such a case only the municipalities that belong to the metro area are listed.

See also

 History of the Ruhr
 List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population
 List of metropolitan areas in Germany
 Ruhr Valley

References

Further reading

External links

 Megacities, University of Cologne
 Die Zukunft gehört der Metropolregion Rhein-Ruhr, Düsseldorf Regional Government
 Rhein-Ruhr, Europäische Metropolregionen in Deutschland
 Metropolregion Rhein-Ruhr - ein Kunstprodukt, Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung (BBR)

Metropolitan areas of Germany
Regions of North Rhine-Westphalia

Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region


Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta (1928–2009) was a Spanish economist, businessman, journalist and politician. He was the minister of commerce between 1974 and 1975 during the Franco era.

Early life and education
Fernández-Cuesta was born in Madrid on 24 May 1928. His parents were Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta, a soldier and journalist, and María Teresa Illana. At the age of four he contracted polio and as a consequence his right arm was left useless for life. His father fought under General Franco as commander of the Moroccan Flag. His paternal uncle, Manuel Fernández-Cuesta, was the founder of the sports newspaper Marca.

Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta received a degree in law and economics.

Career
Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta started his career at the Banco Exterior de España. He published articles in the economics section of ABC between 1963 and 1969. He served as the undersecretary of commerce in 1969 and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain in 1973. Fernández-Cuesta was appointed deputy minister of commerce, and while he was in office he visited Cuba with the Foreign Minister Gregorio López-Bravo. Fernández-Cuesta was appointed minister of commerce to the cabinet led by Prime Minister Carlos Arias Navarro in January 1974. He was in office until 5 March 1975. During the period of transition, he regularly published articles in ABC and was the chief executive officer of its publisher, Prensa Española, between October 1975 and March 1976.

He was the president of Petronor between March 1976 and 1981. In 1981 he became director of the financial section of the Banco Exterior de España and president of the insurance company Hércules Hispano. Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta was part of the campaign for the presidential candidacy of Real Madrid CF led by Ramón Mendoza in 1994. Fernández-Cuesta was appointed Real Madrid's vice president for social affairs in February 1995. He resigned from the post November 1995.

Personal life and death
Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta married María Victoria Luca de Tena, daughter of Juan Ignacio, Marquis of Luca de Tena. They had ten children. He died in Madrid on 12 May 2009. A funeral ceremony was held in Madrid on 18 May, and he was buried there.

Awards
Fernández-Cuesta was the recipient of the Order of Charles III, Order of Civil Merit and Order of Isabella the Catholic.

References

External links

20th-century Spanish businesspeople
20th-century Spanish journalists
21st-century Spanish businesspeople
1928 births
2009 deaths
ABC (newspaper) editors
Government ministers during the Francoist dictatorship
Politicians from Madrid
Independent politicians in Spain
Spanish bankers
Real Madrid CF non-playing staff
Order of Civil Merit members
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic

Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta


A crater is a round dent on a planet. They are usually shaped like a circle or an oval. They are usually made by something like a meteor hitting the surface of a planet. Underground activity such as volcanoes or explosions can also cause them but it's not as likely.

Related pages
Volcanic crater
Caldera
Impact crater

References

Crater


An MP3 player is a portable audio device people can use to listen to songs saved in the MP3 format.  They can use USB cords or Wi-Fi to connect the device to computers, so that computer files can be transferred to players internal memory.

MP3s are audio files that have been made smaller by removing sounds that the human ear cannot hear. Many newer MP3 players can also be used to view images or movies, or play games, and can also play other formats, such as FLAC and MPEG-4 AAC. The most well-known MP3 player is the iPod. MP3 players can also be built-into a car or home stereo.

They were popular around the early 2000 but slowly lost popularity to the introduction to smartphones and apps like Spotify. Even with this loss in popularity, you can still get one today that can even connect to Spotify.

Electronics
Audio technology

MP3 player


General António Sebastião Dembo (1944 – February 25, 2002) served as Vice President (1992–2002) and later President (2002) of UNITA, an anti-Communist rebel group that fought against the MPLA in the Angolan Civil War.

Born to Sebastião and Muhemba Nabuko in Nambuangongo, Bengo Province, he completed his primary schooling at Muxaluando and Quimai Methodist schools. His secondary education was at El Harrach and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs et Techniciens d'Algérie in Algeria.

António Dembo joined UNITA in 1969. After traveling throughout Africa on behalf of UNITA, he returned in 1982 to become commander for the Northern Front and later the Northern Front chief of staff. He became UNITA's Vice President in 1992 when the Angolan Civil War resumed, succeeding Jeremias Chitunda, who was assassinated by the Angolan government in Luanda that year. He also became the general in charge of UNITA's Special Commandos, the Tupamaros.

After the war turned against UNITA in 2001–2002, Dembo's forces were constantly on the run from government troops. Following the death in battle of its leader Jonas Savimbi on February 22, 2002, Dembo became the President of UNITA. However, Dembo was also wounded in the same attack that killed Savimbi and, already weakened by diabetes, died three days later.

Dembo's succession of Savimbi had been pre-ordained by Savimbi and the UNITA leadership. In 1997, Savimbi and the UNITA leadership named Dembo Savimbi's successor in the event of Savimbi's death. Consistent with this pre-ordained succession, Dembo assumed leadership of UNITA immediately following Savimbi's death in combat.

Following Dembo's death, UNITA's leadership was assumed by Paulo Lukamba Gato, who had served as UNITA's ambassador to Europe under Savimbi.

References

Further reading
 W. Martin James. Historical Dictionary of Angola, p. 45. Scarecrow Press (2004),

External links
"Angola Rebels Demand Death Probe," BBC News, February 28, 2002.
"UNITA Successor Dead," Pravda, June 3, 2002.

1944 births
2002 deaths
People from Bengo Province
Angolan anti-communists
People of the Angolan Civil War
Angolan rebels
Assassinated Angolan politicians
Deaths by firearm in Angola
Members of UNITA
UNITA politicians
20th-century Angolan people
21st-century Angolan people
People from Portuguese Angola
2000s assassinated politicians in Africa

António Dembo


Connections Academy is a for-profit corporate provider of online school products and services to virtual schools for grades K-12, including full-time online school.  In the United States the company is noted as Connections Academy, and for students abroad it is known as International Connections Academy. Based in Columbia, Maryland, Connections Academy is part of Pearson's Online and Blended Learning K-12 group. Online schools are an alternative to traditional public schools. Similar to charter schools, they are subsidized by the State.  Although they contract with many non-profit schools, they are a for-profit corporation.

History
In the spring of 2001, Sylvan Ventures started a separate business unit to create a virtual school program with its first virtual schools in Wisconsin and Colorado. The company first began providing online school services to two schools in the fall of 2002. In September 2004, Connections Academy was sold to an investor group led by Apollo Management, L.P. The company now operates public schools under management contracts from charter schools or school districts.

A new corporate entity called Connections Education was established in early 2011. In this same year, on September 15, 2011, Pearson, an international learning company, acquired Connections Education for more than $400 million.

Connections Education is currently Pearson's Online & Blended Learning division, which delivers the Connections Academy online public school program and other online learning services called Pearson Connexus to educational institutions and other organizations nationwide.  A private online school called International Connections Academy serves students across the globe. In 2019 it was announced that UK-based Harrow school would deliver an online education option leveraging Pearson Connexus.

Notable alumni

 Ashley Argota, actress and singer
 Kiri Baga, figure skater, Minnesota Connections Academy
 Karen Chen, figure skater
 Nathan Chen, figure skater, California Connections Academy
 Ria Cheruvu, child prodigy, Arizona Connections Academy
 Eugenia Cooney, internet personality
 Grace McCallum, artistic gymnast
 Mirai Nagasu, figure skater, Capistrano Connections Academy
 Eric Sjoberg, figure skater, Capistrano Connections Academy
 Vincent Zhou, figure skater, Capistrano Connections Academy

Notable staff

 Cheron Brylski, speechwriter, helped establish Louisiana Connections Academy
 Casey J, gospel singer, elementary school math teacher at Georgia Connections Academy
 Frank Riggs, politician, founding board president at Arizona Connections Academy
 Matt Wingard, politician, spokesman for Oregon Connections Academy

References

External links
AdvancED Accreditation Commission

Education companies established in 2001
Online K–12 schools
Companies based in Columbia, Maryland
Curricula
Education companies of the United States
American educational websites
2001 establishments in the United States
2004 mergers and acquisitions
2011 mergers and acquisitions

Connections Academy


Overijssel  (Latin: Transisalania) is a province of the Netherlands. It is in the central eastern part of the country. The province's name in both Dutch and Latin means "Lands across river IJssel". The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle. Its biggest city is Enschede. About 1,166,000 people are living in Overijssel (2021).

Geography
Overijssel has Germany to the east. The Achterhoek region of Gelderland lies to the south, the Veluwe region of Gelderland and Flevoland are to the west, and Friesland and the former moors of Drenthe to the north. Overijssel is made of three regions: Kop van Overijssel in the northwest, Salland in the centre of the province, and Twente in the east. Besides the capital Zwolle, the major cities are Almelo, Deventer, Enschede, and Hengelo.

To the southeast, the land is mostly sandy. There are small rivers and brooks cutting through it. Examples for such rivers are Regge and Dinkel. In the northwest, the geology is mostly made of  sediments from the Overijsselse Vecht and clay. The northern parts were once covered by veen (bogs) which separated the dryer and more arable south from Drenthe. These bogs have been exploited as fuel to a large degree. Only small patches survive today (Engbertsdijksvenen near Tubbergen, Witteveen (near Haaksbergen, and the Aamsveen (near Enschede). The extreme northwest is dominated by a system of lakes formed by former peat-mining, the Weerribben, which is a valuable wetland.

The highest point in Overijssel is the summit of the Tankenberg, a hill in the municipality of Losser. It is 89 metres (295 ft). The lowest point is in the Mastenbroek Polder near Kampen at 2 metres (6 ft) below sea level.

History
Overijssel was formerly known as Oversticht. In 1336, it was made part of Guelders. It was given to the Bishopric of Utrecht in 1347. Utrecht was known as het Sticht. The Bishops gave the Oversticht to the Emperor Charles V in 1528, who styled himself "Lord of Overijssel". With this, he gave the province its modern name. The people joined with the other Dutch and rebelled against Charles' heir Philip II. Overijssel became governed by the most powerful mayors and lords in the province.

After a brief occupation by the forces of the Bishop of Münster (1672–1674), Overijssel received a new form of government. This granted the stadtholders more power. Widespread resistance against the bigger power throughout the provinces lead to the Batavian Republic in 1795. A centralist government arose and the Netherlands was organised into a series of départements, based on those used by revolutionary France. At first organised into its own département, it was merged with Drenthe in 1798 to form Ouden Ijssel, which was renamed Overijssel in 1801.

The French annexed the Batavian Republic in 1810, and Overijssel was organised into the new French département of Bouches-de-l'Yssel. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, the kingdom of the Netherlands and the former province of Overijssel were recreated. Overijssel was briefly occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II from May 1940, until its liberation in April 1945. The Noordoostpolder, which had been laid dry in 1942, was part of Overijssel from 1962 until 1986, when it became part of the newly created province of Flevoland.

Other websites

 Map of Province

Overijssel


Lucien-L'Allier station is a commuter rail terminal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the terminal for Exo's Vaudreuil-Hudson, Saint-Jérôme, and Candiac lines. Lucien-L'Allier is in ARTM fare zone A. It is one of the two downtown terminals for Montreal commuter trains, the other being Montreal Central Station.

Origin of name
Lucien L'Allier station takes its name from the nearby Lucien L'Allier Montreal Metro station. This station is in turn named for rue Lucien-L'Allier, the original name of which, rue de l'Aqueduc, was changed in order to commemorate Lucien L'Allier, chief engineer for the initial network of the Montreal Metro and for the construction of Saint Helen's Island and Île Notre-Dame for Expo 67.

Originally, the terminus of the commuter rail line was the monumental Windsor Station (Gare Windsor), which was also the headquarters of Canadian Pacific Railway until it moved to Calgary in 1996. This station was separated from the rails by the construction of the Molson Centre (now Bell Centre), which integrated a new commuter train terminal. Originally called Terminus Windsor, this new terminal was renamed Gare Lucien-L'Allier to reduce confusion with the original Windsor Station, which still exists but is no longer a train station.

Location
The station is located at 1290 Avenue des Canadiens-de-Montréal (the street was formerly called Rue de la Gauchetière), near the historic Windsor Station, and is connected by an enclosed walkway to Lucien-L'Allier Metro station.

Terminus Lucien-L'Allier is the eastern end of the Canadian Pacific Railway's Westmount Subdivision.

Connections

STM bus routes

For STM bus routes see Lucien-L'Allier (Montreal Metro)

Metro stations
 Lucien-L'Allier (Orange Line)

References

External links

 Official website, Vaudreuil-Hudson Line (In French)
 AMT Montreal-Dorion
 Official website, Saint-Jérôme Line (In French)
 AMT Montréal Saint-Jérome
 Official website, Candiac Line (In French)
 AMT Montreal-Candiac
 STM 2011 System Map

Exo commuter rail stations
Railway stations in Montreal
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1999
Downtown Montreal

Lucien-L'Allier station (Exo)


Juan Griego is a city on the northern side of Isla Margarita, and is the most northern port in Venezuela. It has a population of 28,256 inhabitants (as per census of 2001) and is capital of the Marcano municipality of the Nueva Esparta state.

History

The city is named after Juan the Greek, in Spanish "Juan Griego"  who was born in Seville in the early 16th century. He was a navigator who crossed the ocean for the Americas. He started a prosperous business of transporting captive Indians from the island to Santo Domingo. He is mentioned in a census of 1545. After dying, the rest of the inhabitants of the town, probably for being the most prominent citizen of the place, began to call it after its founder.

The city began to receive importance in 1811 when, during the Venezuela War of Independence, it became a port and the construction of a battery to protect it military. In 1816, the port was used by Simon Bolivar for returning from Haiti.

In 1844, the Parish of San Juan Evangelista was created - Its church of gothic styling was constructed in 1850 by Fray Nicholas de Igualdad is still, along with the lovely bay, the symbol of the city.

In 1904, the government moved the capital of the island from Juan Griego to Pampatar, to the south of the island when the commercial activities greatly reduced. Nevertheless, the cultural activities continued to bloom in the city, In 1932 a young group of people started the Beneficent Society of Juan Griego, who perform plays, recitals of poetry, concerts and other artistic manifestations.

Composer Modesta Bor was born in Juan Griego in 1926.

In 1973, the island become a free port and the city once again become the second city in sequence of importance in the commercial activities after Porlamar.

Notable people

Francisco Antonio Rísquez (1856–1941), physician

References

Cities in Nueva Esparta
Margarita Island
Port cities and towns in Venezuela

Juan Griego