The College Football All-America Team is an honor given annually to the best college football players in the United States at their respective positions. The original use of the term All-America seems to have been to the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and published in This Week's Sports.  Football pioneer Walter Camp also began selecting All-America teams in the 1890s and was recognized as the official selector in the early years of the 20th century.

NCAA recognition

As of 2009, the College Football All-America Team is composed of the following College Football All-American first teams: Associated Press (AP), Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), Walter Camp Foundation (WCFF), The Sporting News (TSN), Sports Illustrated (SI), Pro Football Weekly (PFW), ESPN, CBS Sports (CBS), College Football News (CFN), ProFootballFocus (PFF), Rivals.com, and Scout.com.

Consensus
Starting in 2009, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes the All-America teams selected by the AP, AFCA, FWAA, Sporting News, and the WCFF to determine consensus All-Americans. If more than half of the organizations select a player to their first team, he receives the "consensus" honor. If no player qualifies under that criterion, a player named to two first teams can be chosen. Second- and third-team selections can be used as tie-breakers. If still tied, each player is listed.   If a player is named an All-American by all five organizations, he receives "unanimous All-American" recognition. Depending upon the distribution of first team honors at any given position, it is possible to be consensus with fewer than three first-team selections. As of 2021, the University of Alabama had produced the most unanimous All-Americans of any program with 40.

Individual
There have been 2,868 players from 156 colleges and universities since 1889 who were selected to at least one All-American first team. Four players have earned that honor four times: They are:

Gordon Brown, Guard, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 at Yale
Truxtun Hare, Guard, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 at Penn
Frank Hinkey, End, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894 at Yale
Marshall Newell, Tackle, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893 at Harvard

Selectors

Associated Press
The Associated Press has a panel of sportswriters who vote to determine the AP All-America Team. It has selected an All-America team since 1925.

AFCA

The American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) has selected an All-America team every year since 1945. It is often referred to as the "Coaches' All-America Team". The Selection Process is an All-America Selection Committee is made up of three head coaches from each of the AFCA's nine I-A (Bowl Division) districts, one of whom serves as a district chairman, along with another head coach who serves as the chairman of the selection committee. The coaches in each district are responsible for ranking the top players in their respective districts; that information, along with ballots submitted by FBS head coaches, are used to select the AFCA FBS Coaches' All-America Team.

The Coaches' All-America Team has been sponsored by various entities throughout the years but it is now under its own banner, the AFCA. These are the sponsors/publishers of the team throughout the years.

1945–1947: Published in Saturday Evening Post
1948–1956: Published in Collier's
1957–1959: General Mills
1960–1993: Eastman Kodak
1994: Schooner's International
1995–1996: AFCA
1997–1999: Burger King
2000–present: AFCA

FWAA
The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) Team, the second longest continuously published team in college football, has been a staple of the college football scene since 1944. It is sometimes referred to as the "Writers' All-America Team". The FWAA has selected an All-America team with the help of its members and an All-America Committee which represents all the regions in the country. Some who have helped to select this team over the years: Mark Blaudschun, Grantland Rice, Bert McGrane, Blackie Sherrod, Furman Bisher, Pat Harmon, Fred Russell, Edwin Pope, Murray Olderman, Paul Zimmerman. The All-America team is selected by a committee of writers representing all conferences and regions of the NCAA.

The Writers' Team has been highlighted in various media forums. From 1946-70, Look published the FWAA team and brought players and selected writers to New York City for a celebration. During that 25-year period, the FWAA team was introduced on national television shows by Bob Hope, Steve Allen, Perry Como and others. After Look folded, the FWAA started a long association with NCAA Films (later known as NCAA Productions), which produced a 30-minute television show and sold it to sponsors. The team was part of ABC Television's 1981 College Football Series. From 1983-90, the team was either on ABC or ESPN, and since 1991 has returned to the national spotlight on ABC. The corporate sponsor for the Writers' team is AT&T, after several years of Cingular being the sponsor.

WCFF
The Walter Camp Football Foundation (WCFF) All-America team is selected by the head coaches and sports information directors of the 120 Football Bowl Subdivision schools and certified by UHY Advisors, a New Haven-based accounting firm. Walter Camp, "The Father of American Football," first selected an All-America team in 1889. The WCF claims an 80% participation rate in the voting for its All-America team.

Sporting News
Sporting News, formerly known as The Sporting News and known colloquially as TSN,  have teams college football editors and staff select teams, which they have been doing since 1934. From that year through the 1962 season TSN's All-America team was picked by a poll of sportswriters. Beginning in 1964 the team was selected by "professional scouts and observers". The Sporting News cited the advent of two-platoon football as the need to go to that system.

UPI
United Press International (UPI) selected players in a national poll of sportswriters and began selecting teams in 1925 as "United Press". In 1958, after it merged with the International News Service (INS), it became United Press International. The INS had chosen teams since 1913. UPI continued to choose an All-America team, based on a poll of sportswriters, through the 1996 season.

Central Press
The Central Press Association, a newspaper syndicate based in Cleveland, polled team school captains for its "Captain's All-America Team"

Newspaper Enterprise Association

Another media group who polled writers and players to compose its team. It ran from 1924 through 1996.

Others
ABC Sports, ESPN, CNN Sports Illustrated, College Football News, CBSSports.com, PFF, Time magazine, Bleacher Report and many others also select All-America teams.

Time magazine selected All-America teams from 1956 through 1976. ESPN's selections are made by veteran college football writer Ivan Maisel. Maisel's began selecting an All-America team for ESPN.com in 2002. CBS Sports.com is voted on by writers, producers and staff of CBS Sports. Two of the newest, seemingly driven by the internet, are Scout.com and Rivals.com.

During the 1930s, Chester L. Washington, sports editor of the Pittsburgh Courier, selected All-America teams of players at historically black colleges and universities (HBCU).

Division III
In 1999, D3football.com began selecting an All-America team for Division III.

See also
List of unanimous All-Americans in college football

References

External links
  Football Writers Association of America All-American Team
 Walter Camp Foundation All-American Teams

Awards established in 1889
1889 establishments in the United States

College Football All-America Team


Broth or stock is a tasty soup. It is sometimes defined as the liquid part of soup. It can be made in boiling water by adding meat, fish or vegetables, and taking out the fat. It is sometimes used as an ingredient (or stuff) in recipes to make food taste better.

In Britain, a broth is a soup in which there are solid pieces of meat or fish, with some vegetables. It is usually made with a stock or plain water as its base, with meat or fish added while being brought to a boil, and vegetables added later. Broth is often made more substantial by adding rice, barley or pulses. Broth is distinct from stock, which is a thin liquid made by simmering raw ingredients until all the taste has been got, then sieving the resulting liquid. In Japan, other stuffs such as kelp, dried small sardines and katsuobushi are also used for Japanese dishes, too.

In the United States terms, broths are made from portions of meat, whereas stocks are made from vegetable scraps and bones.

Related pages
Dashi

References

Soups

Broth


Operation Europe: Path to Victory, released in Japan as , is a combat strategy video game for multiple platforms where one or two players can compete in World War II action. The MS-DOS version of the game was only released to North America.

Gameplay
The object of the game is to fulfill any one of the military objectives for either the Axis or the  Allied forces. Players engage in modern warfare around Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Europe, and North Africa. This game uses abstract numbers and figures in the map view and saves the concrete illustrations of soldiers only when they lock horns on the battlefield or in an urban setting. Urban settings give a traditional 1930s view of housing and office buildings that provide extra protection for units that are guarding them. However, there are massive numbers to crunch and the lack of graphics help enhance the number crunching ability of game's artificial intelligence.

As a way to utilize the Nobunaga's Ambition video game engine while simulating modern warfare, each general's statistics are completely randomized by a roulette system. 84 different characters are used for generals, including those from the American television show Combat!. Examples of non-fictional characters include Adolf Hitler, Josef Stalin and Walter Bedell Smith.

Weapons are automatically replenished at the end of each scenario. Units cannot be built from scratch; they must be requested from the head of the brigade instead.

The Japanese version of the game has four game modes: Campaign, demonstration, one player game and two-player game. In the Campaign mode, the player can only play the Germans. Starting this mode with the invasion of France, the German army continues fighting in Africa, and so on, ending with Berlin defense. Officers gain experience in every scenario, retaining it after winning the battle. The troops are often replaced by the same type (one of: Infantry, Artillery, Howitzers and Reactive Artillery, Tanks and Self-Propelled Artillery, Armored Infantry Carriers, Mechanized Units). Most often give stronger instead of weaker or make up losses in the battalion for the strong units. Although the campaign mode is not directly available in the US version of the game, it is still present in the game. All the text is translated, all needed graphics present, and the formulas for calculating the quantity and quality of units operate. This allows the game to be patched and enable to Campaign mode.

Reception

Reviewing the SNES version, GamePro applauded the intelligent AI (stating "even if you don't have a friend to go head-to-head with, the game is still enjoyable and challenging") and the huge amount of content, arguing that the six scenarios essentially amount to six complete games on a single cart. Though noting that its lack of action gameplay would make it unappealing to the average gamer, they concluded "its challenging strategy makes it a game that no serious WW II buff should be without."

References

External links

1993 video games
DOS games
Koei games
Sega Genesis games
X68000 games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Turn-based strategy video games
War video games set in Europe
World War II video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
FM Towns games
NEC PC-9801 games
MSX games
Video games developed in Japan

Operation Europe: Path to Victory


Dhruv is a Sanskrit word meaning firm or unshakeable. It is a spelling variant of Dhruva and commonly refers to:
 Dhruva, a devotee of Vishnu who later became the pole star in Hindu mythology.

Dhruv may also refer to:

Military
 HAL Dhruv, a multi-role helicopter developed and manufactured by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
 INS Dhruv, a missile range instrumentation ship of the Indian Navy

Entertainment
 Dhruv Tara – Samay Sadi Se Pare, Indian drama television series

People
Dhruv Rathee, Indian YouTuber
Dhruv Sehgal, Indian actor
Dhruv Pandove, Indian cricketer
 Dhruv Vikram, Indian actor
Anandshankar Dhruv (1869–1942), Indian writer

See also
 Dhruva (disambiguation)

Dhruv


Oluwatobiloba Ayomide Amusan (born 23 April 1997) is a Nigerian track and field athlete. She is very good in short races like 100 meter and 100 meter hurdles. Tobi Amusan won the 2022 World Athletics Championships in the 100 meters hurdles. she set a new record of 12.12 seconds in the semi-finals and also improved her time again in the final, running a wind-aided 12.06 seconds to win the gold medal. Tobi was the 2018 Commonwealth, 2018 African champion and she is also a two-time African Games champion in the event. She won the Diamond League Trophy in Zurich in 2021 in the 100m hurdles.

Early life and education
Oluwatobiloba born on 23 April, 1997, in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Her Parent are Mr. and Mrs. Amusan who were school teachers. Tobi, as she is fondly called, is the last child of the three siblings. She had her secondary school education at Our Lady of Apostles Secondary School, Ijebu Ode, Ogun state.

Career
Tobi has always been doing well since the early stage of her career as an athlete. She was a silver medallist at the 2013 African Youth Championships in Warri. She also won gold medal in the 100 metres hurdles at the 2015 African Junior Athletics Championships in Addis Ababa.

References

1997 births
Living people
Nigerian athletes
Hurdlers

Tobi Amusan


Paul Blaine Henrie (4 February 1932 – 18 October 1999) was an American painter and illustrator who was known for seascapes and coastal scenes.

Henrie was born Paul McKinley Henrie in Tampa, Florida. He established himself in 1960 in the artist community of Laguna Beach, California, where he lived in a hillside home with his wife and child. Henrie later moved to Carmel, California.

Henrie became known for his watercolors and palette-knife oil paintings of California coastal scenes as well as exotic locales he had visited in Tahiti, Mexico and New Orleans. In works prior to 1962, his signature is "Paul Henrie" or "Blaine". After 1961, he signed them "Paul Blaine Henrie".

Henrie was criticized for "prostituting his undeniable talent" because he readily admitted to sometimes pumping out dozens of paintings only to maintain an expensive lifestyle. Henrie boasted he was the "fastest pallette in the west" and could produce several paintings in a day. He said he only did it for sale in tourist trap-type art galleries "when I need a load of bricks." He said, "It may sound crass, but when I hear the bell and see the carrot, I'm gone."

Henrie reserved his best work for his collectors and several prestigious galleries like the Grand Central Art Galleries in New York City. Notable celebrities who bought his work included Vincent Price, Frank Sinatra, Princess Margaret, and John Wayne (for whom he created a serigraph titled "The Duke" in 1979).

Henrie also illustrated two books for young adults, Legendary Outlaws of the West (1976) and Legendary Women of the West (1978), and wrote a how-to art book titled Painting in the South Seas.

Later years
After moving to Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, Henrie made an unsuccessful run for a seat on the city council in 1988.

In May 1992, Henrie was arrested for selling more than 30 forged artworks that he alleged were done by Joan Miró, to a Monterey art shop for $42,000. It was ascertained that Henrie was the painter after his palm print was found in the paint of one of the pieces. Henrie only faced one count of misdemeanor forgery because authorities could prove only that one painting was his work. He pleaded guilty in October 1992 and was fined $12000 and faced one year in jail.

References

Artists from Tampa, Florida
20th-century American painters
American male painters
1932 births
1999 deaths
Artists from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
20th-century American male artists

Paul Blaine Henrie


Antonio Carmona (born 1965) is a Spanish gypsy singer of flamenco.

Antonio Carmona may also refer to:

 Óscar Carmona (António Óscar Fragoso Carmona, 1869–1951), prime minister and president of Portugal
 Antonio Carmona Añorve (fl. 2001), director of police of Mexicali, later convicted
 Carmona Rodrigues (António Pedro Nobre Carmona Rodrigues, born 1956), Portuguese professor and politician

Antonio Carmona (disambiguation)


An Israeli Jew is a Jew who lives in the state of Israel. Jews have been living in Israel ever since Moses led them to there. But over time they had been kicked out then let back. The modern term mostly refers to the Jews who moved to the Jewish holy land after the forming of the state in 1948.

Israeli Jews live there because of Zionism in the 20th century.

Israeli Jews


Independent Television/Radio is a Nigerian private broadcast network that began transmitting on 27 March 1997. It was founded by Sir Chief Gabriel Osawaru Igbinedion, the Esama of Benin Kingdom.

History
Independent Television (ITV) received its broadcasting license on 26 June 1993, making it the first privately owned broadcasting station in Nigeria under the parent organization IBW Enterprises. Full transmission began on 27 March 1997.

Expansion and radio arm
In 1998, Independent Radio was launched on 92.3 Mega Hertz FM as a complementary platform to ITV. The radio station was inaugurated by the Oba of Benin, Omo 'N' Oba Nedo, Uku Akpolokpolo Oba Erediawa, on 7 November 1998.

Achievements
Independent Television/Radio received approval from the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) to transmit on Channel 42 UHF in the Federal Capital Territory. ITV Abuja commenced transmission on 1 September 2007. The network contributed content to international platforms such as Cable News Network (CNN).

In December 2009, Independent Television/Radio obtained a license for digital satellite broadcasting, allowing global broadcasting of its programs.

References

External links

Broadcasting in Nigeria
1997 establishments in Nigeria
Television in Nigeria
Radio in Nigeria

Independent Television/Radio


Dariush Shayegan (; 24 January 1935 – 22 March 2018) was one of the most consequential thinkers of contemporary Iran and the Near East.

Life and career
He was born in Tabriz from an Shia Iranian Azeri father and a Georgian Sunni mother; his mother descended from an aristocratic family from Georgia. Shayegan studied at the Sorbonne University in Paris. He was a Professor of Sanskrit and Indian religions at the Tehran University. Besides Persian, Shayegan wrote in French and English, and spoke fluently Georgian, Russian, and Turkish (both Ottoman and Azeri).. Having spent his teens at boarding school in Great Britain, Shayegan subsequently lived, during his formative years, in Geneva, where he read at the Université de Genève French literature, philosophy, Sanskrit, and political science. Shayegan received his doctorate (doctorat de troisième cycle) at the Sorbonne under the tutelage of his Doktorvater Henry Corbin, with a thesis entitled: Les relations de l'hindouisme et du soufisme d'après le "Majma' al-Baḥrayn" de Dārā Shokūh.

Shayegan has written many pioneering works on the epistemological specificities of eastern and western cultures and the possibility of dialogue between them. He was the founding director of the Iranian Center for the Studies of Civilizations, which launched its work in 1977 with an international symposium on the "dialogue between civilizations," a concept that has been selectively appropriated by the former Iranian President Mohammad Khatami. In 2009 Shayegan was awarded the inaugural Global Dialogue Prize, an international award for "outstanding achievements in the advancement and application of intercultural value research", in recognition of his dialogical conception of cultural subjectivity (for a statement of the award committee and a scholarly presentation (including a fairly complete bibliography) of Shayegan's contribution to intercultural dialogue, see the (copyrighted) webpages of this award.)

Death
Shayegan died on 22 March 2018, at the age of 83 in Tehran.

Works
Main works by Shayegan:
 Hindouisme et Soufisme, une lecture du «Confluent des Deux Océans», Éditions de la Différence, Paris 1979, 2nd edition, Albin Michel, Paris
 Qu'est-ce qu'une révolution religieuse? Presses d'aujourd'hui, Paris 1982, deuxième édition, Bibliothèque Albin Michel des idées, Paris,1991.
 Le regard mutilé, Schizophrénie culturelle : pays traditionnels face à la modernité, Albin English Translation : Cultural Schizophrenia, Islamic Societies Confronting the West, Translated from the French by John Howe, Saqi books, London 1992. Also published by Syracuse University Press, 1997.
 Henry Corbin, La topographie spirituelle de l'Islam iranien, Éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1990
 Les illusions de l'identité, Éditions du Félin, Paris, 1992
 Sous les ciels du monde, Entretiens avec Ramin Jahanbegloo, Éditions du Félin,1992
 Au-delà du miroir, Diversité culturelle et unité des valeurs, Editions de l'Aube, 2004
 La lumière vient de l'Occident, Le réenchantement du monde et la pensée nomade, L'aube, essai. Paris, 2001, troisième édition, 2005, quatriéme édition, essai poche, 2008
 Terre de mirages, avec la collaboration de Maryam Askari, La collection Regards croisés, Éditions de l'Aube, Paris, 2004

Works on Shayegan:
 Mehrzad Borujerdi : Iranian Intellectuals and the West, Syracuse University Press, 1996
 Afsaneh Gächter, Daryush Shayegan, interkulturell gelesen, Interkulturelle Bibliothek, Traugott Bautz, Nordhausen 2005
 Dariush Borbor, the well-known Iranian architect and urban planner has discussed his seventy years of intimate friendship with Shayegan and his family in an interview, 2018

See also
Intellectual Movements in Iran
Iranian Studies
Persian philosophy
Henri Corbin
Daryoush Ashouri
Aydin Aghdashloo
List of University of Tehran people

References

External links
Letters to future generations, original texts selected and compiled by Federico Mayor in collaboration with Roger-Pol Droit, Cultures of Peace/UNESCO Publishing, 1999 .
 The next chapter
 Simon F. O'Li (Oliai), The next chapter. Atypical conversations with Daryush * Shayegan on the impact of ideology in contemporary Iranian history, The Iranian, October 27, 2003.

1935 births
2018 deaths
Iranian Iranologists
Iranian people of Georgian descent
21st-century Iranian philosophers
20th-century Iranian philosophers
University of Paris alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tehran
People from Tabriz
Persian-language writers
French-language writers from Iran
Deaths from cerebrovascular disease

Dariush Shayegan


Pterostylis lineata,  commonly known as the Blue Mountains leafy greenhood,  is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves on a short stalk but the flowering plants lack a rosette and have up to seven dark green flowers with translucent "windows" on a flowering stem with stem leaves. The labellum is light brown with a black strip along its mid-line.

Description
Pterostylis lineata, is a terrestrial,  perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of between four and six leaves, each leaf  long and  wide on a stalk  high. Flowering plants lack a rosette but have up to seven flowers on a flowering spike  high with between four and seven stem leaves. The flowers are dark green with transparent sections and  long and  wide. The dorsal sepal and petals are joined to form a hood called the "galea" over the column. The lateral sepals turn downwards and are  long,  wide and joined for about half their length. The labellum is  long, about  wide and light brown with a blackish stripe along its mid-line. Flowering occurs from August to October.

Taxonomy and naming
The Blue Mountains leafy greenhood was first formally described in 2006 by David Jones who gave it the name Bunochilus lineatus. The description was published in Australian Orchid Research from a specimen collected near Woodford in the Blue Mountains. In 2010, Gary Backhouse changed the name to Pterostylis lineata. The specific epithet (lineata) is a Latin word meaning "marked with a linear line", referring to the markings on the labellum.

Distribution and habitat
Pterostylis lineata grows in moist soil in wet forest from the western side of the Blue Mountains to Lithgow and on the southern part of the Northern Tablelands.

References

lineata
Endemic orchids of Australia
Orchids of New South Wales
Plants described in 2006

Pterostylis lineata


The La Salle Hotel was a historic hotel located on the northwest corner of La Salle Street and Madison Street in the Chicago Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was designed by Holabird & Roche and opened in 1909. After a major fire in 1946, the hotel was refurbished and reopened in 1947. It closed in 1976 and was demolished for construction of an office building.

History

Early years

The 23-story, 1,000-room La Salle Hotel was constructed from 1908-1909. The site was on the northwest corner of North LaSalle and West Madison Streets, to the southwest of Chicago City Hall and close to St. Peter's Church. The site had previously been occupied by the five-story La Salle Building from 1872 to 1908 and the adjacent Oriental Hall, a Masonic temple, from 1873. Known as the "Empire Block," it housed the Metropolitan National Bank.

The hotel was named in honor of Robert Cavelier de LaSalle. Built at a cost of approximately $3,500,000, or 44 cents per cubic foot, the architects were Holabird & Roche while the engineers were the firm of Purdy & Henderson. At one time Chicago's largest hotel, the LaSalle was opened in 1909 by the family of John Paul Stevens. It was run by Ernest J. Stevens, father of the Supreme Court Justice.

The hotel was planned, designed and built in the commercial district of Chicago as an upscale hotel for an elite and influential  clientele, with luxurious and stately walnut-paneled  rooms and lobbies. An elegant roof top garden was planned as a major attraction. When it was opened in 1909, it was hailed as the "largest, safest, and most modern hotel west of New York." The Republican Party of Illinois had their offices located in the luxurious Blue Fountain Room of the hotel. During one of his long visits to Chicago, President William Howard Taft stayed in the presidential suite on the third floor of this hotel, converting it into de facto White House. A formal visit was also paid to the hotel by President Calvin Coolidge and his wife in 1925. Other visitors came as convention guests. The Prohibition Party's National Convention was held at the hotel from July 10–12, 1928, during which William F. Varney was made the party's Presidential nominee.

Hollywood actor and dancer, Gene Kelly, said the only time he fell during an actual performance was on the dance floor at the La Salle Hotel in 1933. He slipped on a grease spot on the dance floor and broke his arm. He got up, took a bow and walked off the floor.

Fire
On June 5, 1946, a disastrous fire broke out in the hotel, killing 61 people, many of them children. The hotel did not live up to its professed "safest hotel" claim, as there was lack of basic fire prevention, warning and firefighting facilities. At the time of the fire, guests occupied 886 rooms of the hotel, with 103 employees at work. The dead included a battalion chief of the Chicago Fire Department. The fire began in the Silver Grill Cocktail Lounge on the lower floor on the La Salle Street side adjacent to the lobby before ascending stairwells and shafts The fire started either in the walls or in the ceiling around 12:15 a.m. according to the Chicago Fire Department, but they did not receive their first notification of the fire until 12:35 a.m.

The fire quickly spread through the highly-varnished wood paneling in the lounge and the mezzanine balcony overlooking the lobby. While a significant number died from flames, a greater number of deaths were caused by suffocation from the thick, black smoke. Around 900 guests were able to leave the building but some 150 had to be rescued by the fire services and by heroic members of the public, including two sailors who were reported to have rescued 27 people between them. Two-thirds of hotel fire deaths in 1946 occurred in the La Salle and Winecoff (Atlanta) fires. The hotel fire was so devastating, it resulted in the Chicago city council enacting new hotel building codes and fire-fighting procedures, including the installation of automatic alarm systems and instructions of fire safety inside the hotel rooms.

Later years
After the fire, the hotel was rebuilt at a cost of US $2 million, reopening in July 1947. The Silver Grill Cocktail Lounge, where the fire started, was renamed "The Hour Glass" after renovation.

The hotel closed on June 29, 1976. It was demolished and the 2 North LaSalle skyscraper was completed on the site in 1979.

Architecture
The architects of this skyscraper building developed their own innovative architectural style within the "Chicago School". A special feature of this style is the "Chicago window" with a large pane of plate glass for each window flanked by constricted windows which could be opened. This created an illusion that the entire building was made up of glass.

La Salle billed itself as "Chicago's Finest Hotel" and was a symbol of upper class extravagance in Chicago in the early twentieth century, with its grand ballrooms and luxury restaurants exuding a grandeur of the fine palace hotels of Europe. The hotel was 22 stories high and claimed 1000 rooms. It was one of Chicago's leading hotels until North Michigan Avenue became host to the Drake Hotel (1918–20) and the Allerton Hotel (1923–4). Resembling hotels of New York City, it had a particular similarity to the 1904 Hotel Astor.

Exterior
The  above ground level, 22 story building was built on rock caissons and had two basements. The hotel frontage on La Salle Street was  while the Madison Street frontage was . Its architectural style was also defined as "beaux-arts."

Interior

The hotel's Main Lobby was dramatic and opulent with green and gold decorations, carrying the theme through its carpets and drapes. It was furbished with marble throughout: floors, statues and a desk. Accents included brass fixtures and spittoons. There were over-sized, upholstered chairs, as well as shorter ones for women and children.

Another fountain, this one glowing and blue, was located in the aptly named Blue Fountain Room. Proposed as a more intimate place to relax, the room was fitted with a marble statuette of Venus de' Medici and a lower, vaulted ceiling.  The woodwork was silver maple. Its unique light fixtures were red globes.

Two large chandeliers hung from the gilded and vaulted ceiling of the green and gold themed Louis XVI Dining Room. Brass sconces were built in between the windows. A gilded and vaulted ceiling, and a repeating green and gold theme drew on the style of the Main Lobby.

Another eating area was the German Room (renamed the Dutch Room during WWI). It was noted for its enormous red brick supports which supported the heavy-beamed and paneled ceilings. The room was furnished with wooden and leather chairs and had blue tiled walls and terra cotta tiled floors. It was here that electric grilling started in Chicago.

Considered by some to be Chicago's most beautiful hotel dining room, the Palm Room featured an Italian fountain after a model by Donatello as its centerpiece. It was built of cream-colored stone, Rookwood tile, and gray terra cotta, while featuring high-beamed ceilings.

The ambiguously named Buffet was actually the hotel's bar. It was decorated in the style of a medieval castle with heavy beams, paneled ceilings, and wooden booths. There were murals, lead glass windows, and metal chandeliers.

The ballroom was designed with arched windows and vaulted ceilings.  These were painted trims of blue, gold and green. The curtains and chairs were accented with red velvet. Large chandeliers provided light.

Accessed from a double-loaded corridor, Floors 2 through 18 were sleeping rooms, arranged in a square doughnut formation. A central light well was built into the hotel, extending from the lobby to the top of the building. The guest rooms were designed as suites of paired rooms, each with its own bathroom.

Large enough to accommodate a grand piano, the Presidential Suite featured a white marble fireplace.

References

Hotel buildings completed in 1909
1946 fires in the United States
Hotel fires in the United States
Burned hotels in the United States
Skyscraper hotels in Chicago
Hotels disestablished in 1976
Chimney effect fires
1946 disasters in the United States
June 1946 events in the United States
Buildings and structures demolished in 1976
Projects by Holabird & Root
1976 disestablishments in Illinois
Hotels established in 1909
1909 establishments in Illinois
Chicago school architecture in Illinois
Demolished hotels in Chicago

La Salle Hotel


Marcus Simon Cooper (born c. 1966) is a British property developer, known for buying and selling several of London's most expensive private houses, including Witanhurst, London's second largest private residence after Buckingham Palace. His companies own over 1000 rental properties, and are undertaking projects that are estimated to have a total end value of £1.5 billion.

Early life
Marcus Simon Cooper was born around 1966. He was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School

Career
In 1991, he founded the Marcus Cooper Group, a property developing, trading and investment company. He also runs West End Investments Limited, set up in 2013, from offices at 16 Finchley Road, London NW8.

In 2007 Cooper bought Witanhurst in Highgate, London's second largest private residence after Buckingham Palace, for £30 million, and sold it 2008 for £50 million.

In 2012, the London Evening Standard reported that Cooper's companies owned over 1000 rental properties and "are involved in 50 development projects with an end value of £1.5 billion."

In 2013, Cooper bought the UK's "most expensive terraced house", 1 Cornwall Terrace, for £80 million.

In 2013, Cooper obtained a 150-year lease on five properties at 6–10 Cambridge Terrace and 1–2 Chester Gate, close to Regent's Park, in order to have them combined to create a £200 million seven-storey "supermansion", with 15 bedrooms and 35 bathrooms. In October 2014, The Guardian reported that fellow property developer Christian Candy had bought the "seven Grade I-listed John Nash townhouses" from Cooper for about £100 million, using a British Virgin Islands company.

In July 2013, Cooper's West End Investments bought The Star, St John's Wood from the pub company Punch Taverns for £2.1 million, and attempted to get planning permission to turn it into a luxury house. This was unsuccessful and it is now an estate agent.

Political donations
In May 2013, Cooper donated £100,000 to the British Conservative Party, in addition to £65,000 previously donated by Cooper and his company.

References

Living people
Year of birth uncertain
1960s births
British real estate and property developers
Conservative Party (UK) donors

Marcus Cooper (property developer)


Seven Natural Wonders is an organization that was created with the mission of protecting and promoting the natural wonders of the world. The project was launched in 2008 in response to the New 7 Wonders efforts to change the natural wonders of the world. This announcement was made following the campaign's efforts to establish a new list of modern man-made wonders.

Seven Natural Wonders launched an effort to expand the 7 Natural Wonders of the World by creating campaigns to add the Seven natural Wonders for each continent.  These campaigns differed from the efforts of New 7 Wonders because every wonder of nature was eligible with no requirements for entry fees and sponsorship fees of any kind.  This campaign was further distinguished by avoiding the influence of marketing, advertising and social media, with the winning wonders being determined by experts from around the world who leveraged statistical and traditional significance, uniqueness, and pure splendor of the world.

Seven Natural Wonders was established to protect the original vision and declaration of the seven natural wonders of the world. Their list of the natural wonders includes:
 Aurora Borealis (also known as the northern lights)
 Harbor of Rio de Janeiro
 Grand canyon, USA
 Great Barrier Reef
 Mount Everest
 Victoria Falls
 Parícutin, Mexico
The mission of Seven Natural Wonders is to promote and protect the natural wonders.

See also
New 7 Wonders of Nature
Wonders of the World

References

Nature conservation organizations based in the United States

Seven Natural Wonders (CNN)


Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu (18 June 1521 – 10 October 1577; ) was an Infanta of Portugal, the only daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal and Eleanor of Austria. A noted patron of the arts and buildings, Maria's personal wealth rivaled that of her half-brother, King John III of Portugal, making her the richest woman in Portugal and one of the wealthiest princesses in Europe.

Youth

Maria de Avíz was born on 18 June 1521, in Lisbon, Portugal. She was the only daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal and Infanta Eleanor of Austria. Six months after her birth, her father died of the plague and was succeeded by her half-brother, John III of Portugal. Shortly afterwards, her mother returned to Vienna with Maria until 1530, when Eleanor married King Francis I of France and moved to France. Maria would not see her mother for nearly 28 years and was sent to live in Portugal at her half-brother's court.

In 1525 her maternal aunt, Catherine of Austria, married John III of Portugal. The Queen took care of the upbringing and education of Maria, who was loved like one of her own daughters. Maria's education was astounding for a woman of her time since her teachers included female scholars, such as humanists Joana Vaz and Públia Hortênsia de Castro. Lessons included finances, architecture, literature, and several languages. One of the most educated of the Portuguese infantas, Maria became a famed humanist and protector of the arts. Her household was made into a sort of female university, where the greatest minds would converge. It was rumored that she fell in love with Portugal's greatest poet, Luís de Camões.

Although she did not lack suitors and had several marriage proposals, Maria never married. Her engagement with Dauphin Francis was negotiated with the support of her mother Eleanor, but the prince died in 1536. In 1537, Maria and her cousin Christina, Dowager Duchess of Milan, were briefly considered as possible brides for Henry VIII of England. However, England soon dropped any pursuit. Maria was considered as a second wife for her cousin and half-nephew, the future Philip II of Spain,  son of her uncle, Emperor Charles V, and her half-sister Isabella. The matter was taken under serious consideration from 1549 onward, when her mother settled in Brussels, but these plans were discontinued when Mary Tudor succeeded to the English throne in 1553 and Charles V decided to marry his son Philip to a monarch. Other candidates for her hand were Archduke Maximilian of Austria; his father Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor; James V of Scotland; and the Duke of Savoy.

Duchess of Viseu

Eventually, King John III gave Maria her own household and the Duchy of Viseu, which their father owned before he became king. Under her rule, the city continued and prospered its several industries of pottery, embroidery and copper. Her personal wealth eventually rivaled that of the king, making her the richest woman in Portugal and one of the wealthiest princesses in Europe.

Receiving such incomes, Maria sponsored several building projects, particularly in Carnide and the Lisbon countryside. She financed and supervised the construction of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Luz and the Hospital of Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres, which currently houses the Colégio Militar, both of which still boast large reliefs of her personal coat of arms. In Lisbon, she sponsored the construction of the Church of Santa Engrácia, in São Vicente. The original structure she ordered to be built would be completely destroyed in 1681, which would lead to the construction of the new current church, which now serves as the National Pantheon of Portugal.

Later life
After her half-brother John's death in 1558, Maria went to Spain to meet her widowed mother for the first time in 28 years. Eleanor asked her unwed daughter to come and live with her and her aunt Mary, but Maria refused the request and only remained there for three weeks before returning to Lisbon. Eleanor died very shortly afterwards on her return journey to Jarandilla de la Vera from Badajoz.

During the tumultuous period of the minority of young King Sebastian, a faction of the Portuguese nobility wanted the Duchess of Viseu to replace Queen Dowager Catherine as regent, but these plans came to nothing. Maria died in Lisbon on October 10, 1577, at the age of 56. She was buried in the Church of Nossa Senhora da Luz.

See also
Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal

References

|-

1521 births
1577 deaths
House of Aviz
Nobility from Lisbon
16th-century Portuguese people
16th-century Portuguese women
Daughters of kings

Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu


A Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT) is a template containing information regarding how an Information and communications technology product or service conforms with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. § 794 (d)).  Section 508 provides guidelines for rendering ICT accessible to, and therefore usable by, people with disabilities. The VPAT was originally designed as a tool for vendors to document product compliance to Section 508 and facilitate government market research on ICT with accessible features. Many people started to call the completed document a "VPAT" but the wider procurement community would prefer to call it a product Accessibility Conformance Report, or ACR. The distinction is that the VPAT is the incomplete form, and the ACR is the completed report using the VPAT template.

The current VPAT has expanded to include the U.S. Revised Section 508, European EN 301 549, and WCAG standards which are required by regulations in many jurisdictions. It is available in four editions:
 WCAG edition - For reporting compliance to the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 or 2.1.
 508 edition - For reporting compliance to the U.S. Revised Section 508 standards
 EU edition - The European edition used for reporting compliance to the EN 301 549 standard
 INT edition - The international edition used for reporting compliance to all three standards

The rows of each table in the VPAT address each accessibility requirement for ICT products. The rows are grouped into sections that match the organization of the particular standard. Standards typically have sections for different technology aspects of a product such as web content, software, documentation, hardware, two-way voice communications, and product support services. Each VPAT table has three columns. The first column identifies individual requirement, the second column is where the level of conformance to the requirement should be documented, and the third column is used for remarks and explanations further describing the level of conformance.

Legal status and history
The template is a registered service mark of the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).  This may affect its proper use in text, and who has permission to use the template.  The term is commonly used in procurement discussions of compliance or conformance with Section 508.

The VPAT was developed by ITI in partnership with the U.S. government's central procurement office, the General Services Administration, starting in 2001 to address the general issue of matching ICT product features to Section 508 accessibility requirements with a checklist. Characteristically a U.S. government office will require a VPAT to state the accessibility attributes of a product, but will not have enough time or information to examine the truthfulness of every line, and will not require perfect accessibility by all possible users. For example, a tool to be used only by few specialized software developers might be acquired even if its accessibility features are limited, whereas a widely used public web site will have to meet higher standards. The agency may make choices about what to require.

October 4, 2017, ITI published an updated version, VPAT 2.0, reflecting the provisions of the newly-published Revised Section 508. In addition, VPAT 2.0 incorporated provisions from the European ICT accessibility standards for public sector procurement, EN 301 549 V1.2.1, and the W3C WCAG 2.0 web content accessibility guidelines.

The VPAT has undergone multiple revisions to incorporate standards updates including a correction to the U.S. Revised Section 508 final rule, the W3C WCAG 2.1, and the EN 301 549 V2.1.2,.

February 2020, ITI published the latest version, VPAT 2.4, which incorporated the provisions from the EN 301 549 V3.1.1,.

Example VPATs
VPATs cover a wide array of products, including computer software, imaging hardware, web content, voice communications, electronic documentation and services.  ITI provides recommendations for completing VPATs but, ultimately, manufacturers and suppliers are responsible for the clarity, completeness, and usefulness of the content contained in the report.

 Stata statistical software VPAT
 Red Hat Network Satellite 5.1 VPAT (June 2008)
 Microsoft's Forefront™ Threat Management Gateway Web site VPAT
 Notebook computer VPAT for Lenovo ThinkPad

 GitHub web site VPAT
 Oracle keyboard VPAT
 Firefox software browser VPAT
 An example version 2.1 VPAT from Appian
 MediaWiki's VPAT

References

External links

 Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)'s VPAT home page
 Section508.gov's VPAT page
 Introducing VPAT 2.0, The More Stringent Accessibility Reporting Tool Required For Federal Procurement

Computer accessibility
Government procurement in the United States
Accessible Procurement


Gloria Film was a West German film production and distribution company.
It was established in 1949 by Ilse Kubaschewski. An earlier, unconnected company of the same name had existed during the silent era in Germany, and had been absorbed into UFA in the 1920s. During the 1930s an Austrian production company also called itself Gloria.

The company was set-up by Kubaschewski, a cinema-owner, who had noted that re-releases of Nazi-era films, particularly those made by UFA were easily outgrossing foreign film imports and post-war realist rubble films. Initially her company specialised in acquiring the rights to classic German films, but gradually she began co-funding new films with production companies. In 1953 she set up Divina Film, her own production company.

Her initial films re-used many of the stars of Nazi-era cinema such as Zarah Leander, Marika Rokk and Kristina Söderbaum but newer stars such as Ruth Leuwerik, Maria Schell and Sonja Ziemann also appeared. Many of the company's films were Heimatfilm and melodramas that were aimed at a primarily female audience. Kubaschewski felt she understood the tastes of the average German housewife, and during the 1950s and early 1960s her judgement proved to be astute.

Later Gloria lost its prominence in the mid-1960s as audiences began to change, with the rise of new genres such as the series of Edgar Wallace thrillers and Karl May westerns that attracted a younger, male audience that other companies such as Rialto and Constantin catered for. The company experimented with sex comedies such as Angelique.

References

Bibliography
Bergfelder, Tim. International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-Productions in the 1960s. Berghahn Books, 2005.

1949 establishments in Germany
German film studios
Film production companies of Germany
Mass media companies established in 1949

Gloria Film


A historical source is an original document or item that holds important information about the past. These sources are fundamental for understanding history and serve as clues for historical study.

Historical sources encompass a wide range of materials, such as coins, artifacts, monuments, literary works, documents, archaeological sites, oral transmissions, inscriptions, paintings, recorded sounds, images, and oral history. Even ancient relics and ruins can be considered historical sources. These sources are categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary sources.

History

Historical source


The River Wreake is a river in Leicestershire, England.  It is a tributary of the River Soar. The river between Stapleford Park and Melton Mowbray is known as the River Eye and becomes the Wreake below Melton Mowbray.

It flows southwest, passing through Melton Mowbray, Asfordby, Frisby on the Wreake, Brooksby, Thrussington and Ratcliffe on the Wreake, before meeting the Soar near Syston. In its upper reaches it is called the River Eye and it becomes the Wreake below Melton Mowbray, near Sysonby Lodge.

The name Wreake was given by Danish invaders of Leicestershire, who are thought to have navigated the River Trent, then the River Soar and finally the Wreake as they entered the district. Their word Wreake indicated that the river followed a tortuous, twisting and turning course.

The river was canalised in the late 18th century, though after the building of the Syston and Peterborough railway in the mid 19th Century, the canal was disused and fell into ruin. Many of the diversions made to the river in order to make the canal navigable are still visible, especially in the neighbourhood of Hoby with Rotherby, Frisby on the Wreake, Kirby Bellars and Asfordby.

The Wreake is graded by the Environment Agency as "B" quality, which is excellent for a Midlands river.  Biotic index surveys report mayfly and stonefly nymphs, caddis fly larvae, dragonfly and damselfly nymphs and crayfish. Among the fish are Perch, Chubb, Pike, Minnows, Miller's Thumb, and Trout. Otters are starting to repopulate the Wreake in its quieter stretches.

Wreake
1Wreake

River Wreake


Upananda College Galle, Walahanduwa (officially Upananda Vidalaya; උපනන්ද විද්‍යාලය) is a government Buddhist school in Galle Southern Provence, Sri Lanka. The college was established by Hon. Bataduwe Rathanajothi Thero as a second happiness of Upananda College pinnaduwa village in akmeemana, Galle on 16 January 1910. It has Grade 1 to 13 both Primary school and secondary school.

Inauguration

In the 20th century, the activities of religious and social upliftment were highlighted in various fields. Specially the guidance of Sri Angarika Dharampala and by culture prevailed after the Pandura Vadaya, Udamvita and Baddegam Vada, the Buddhist vigilance was sharpen. As a result, this Education was the main factor of the social progress and the Buddhist school was opened throughout the country.
The great Buddhist monk Rev. Bataduwe Rathanajothi with the help of the people in the area as foresters started a school with about 10 – 25 students in a cadjan- hut and called it Upananda which means the second happiness.

Physical environment

Upananda vidyalaya is situated about 8 km (5 miles) away from Galle town in Galle Udugama road. This area is under the zone of south-west monsoon rains and the rain forests. The economy of the people in this area is based on state farming and agriculture. Most of the place here are rural and towns like Pinnaduwa Walahanduwa are developing. It is an eye-catching scenery for and one those Manavila Upananda is situated in a small hill in between the Colombo – Matara speed highway and a sub way.

Community structure

Though the people lead a rural life, the effect of urbanization also can be seen most of the people in the area are farmers. About 97% of the people are Buddhists while 3% Tamils. There are about 98% of the people are Buddhists.
As a result of situating between two temples the Kalugla Mawatha Mahavihara and the Keththaramay, almost all the students in the school are Buddhist. Then the activities under Buddhist social & cultural are also can be seen very frequently. A way of traditional family society is also not extinct in this area.

National Administrative Factor
It is belong to the Galle District in Southern Province. According to traditional administration deviation it belongs to Paththu and Galukoralya. Now it belongs to Akmeeman electorate and it governs by the Divisional Secretariat of Akmeemana, and Akmeeman Pradsheeya Sabha further it belong to Manavila Grama Seva Division.

Development
Starting with 10-15 students in 1910 today it has been developed into a national school with about 2,300 students with all the facilities. More than a hundred years ago it was started in only in cadjan hut but today it has become a very big school with storied building special need concerned facilities for the disabled student laboratory facilities, computer facilities with internet and playground with about  in whole capacity.

History
During the 19th century there was a trend to build up Buddhist schools throughout the island. To encourage Buddhism in Galle District Bataduwe Rathanjothi started this school on 10 January 1910. The meaning of Upananda College became the idea of "second happiness" of the Bataduwe Rathanajothi.

The first building of the school was built up from the donation of well-wishers and the labour of the villagers. It was a building of 20 feet long and attached with cajuns. Only 23 students were admitted to the school. The first teacher of the school was A. D. Paranavithana and D. H. Gunasekara was appointed as the first principal of the school.
The school was called many names in the past such as primary school and junior school. In 1949 it was called Upananda Vidyalaya. Upananda vidyalaya had developed day by day under the supervision of various principals. On 1 August 1958 the school was promoted as Upananda Maha Vidyalaya then the government of gave aid to the school. In 1961 prime minister Sirimawo Bandaranayake visited the school to facilitate the science education of the school.
On 18 August 1995 Upananda Maha Vidyalaya was promoted to a national school.

Former principals

  D. H. Gunasekara (1910 - 1932)
  K. V. G. Silva (1932 - 1940)
  S. L. D. Wanigarathna (1940 - 1946)
  Sumadasa Thilakaratna (1946 - 1949)
  P. G. Daramasiri (1949 - 1958)
  D. Manawadu (1958 - 1693)
  D. L. Senevirathna (1963 - 1969)
  D. R. Wanigarathna (1969 - 1972)
  Noraman De Silva (1972 - 1988)
  Upali Jayasinghe (1988 - 1992)
  D. J. K. Siriwardena (1992 - 1995)
  A. D. A. Gunawardena (1995 - 2001)
  R. S. Jayasekara (2001 - 2004)
  S. M. Jayasekara (2004 - 2011)
  N. M. K. N. Weerasiri (2011–2016)
  D. Kariyawasam (2016–2019)
  Hemapala Andawaththa (2019-present)

See also
 Upananda College Official web
 Upananda College Blog

Schools in Galle

Upananda College


The Swedish sj-sound is represented by [] in the IPA. It is most commonly spelled with Sj. Sk is the next most iconic spelling, but only occurs before e, i, y, ä, or ö. The spelling xj only occurs in the place name Växjö [vɛːkɧœː]. X is a combination of K and S, so Xj is basically "Ksj."

Linguistics

Swedish sj-sound


The Star Model PD is a compact and lightweight semi-automatic pistol which was manufactured from 1975 to 1990 by the firearms manufacturing company Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A., located in the city of Eibar in the Basque region of Spain.

The Model PD can be loaded with six .45 ACP pistol cartridges in the detachable internal magazine, plus one in the chamber, and was very popular with police and civilian users in the self-defense and backup gun role, especially in the United States.

The Star PD improved on its predecessor (Star Model PKM) by using a low-profile adjustable rear sight and by removing material from the slide and other small changes.  These modifications, combined with its aluminum alloy construction, resulted in a slim, compact, lightweight and relatively powerful pistol, revolutionary for the time.  As it also bore an external resemblance to the well-known M1911 pistol, the gun sold very well in the U.S. until it was replaced in 1990 by the Firestar M45.

This pistol began the trend towards the production by other manufacturers of compact 1911-style pistols, which continues to the present day.  However, the pistol did have some flaws.

Very late-model PDs were built with manufacturing shortcuts, especially in the fabrication of the slide, and will not last as long as the earlier models. Even the earlier models are more likely to wear out more quickly with the use of full-power ammunition than steel-framed pistols due to the lightweight alloy construction.  Well-known firearms writers such as Jeff Cooper applied the phrase "carried much, shot little" to the Star PD, and advocated purchasing two pistols - one for the practice range, and one for carry.

In addition, the pistol uses an internal plastic buffer to reduce the battering effects of recoil on the alloy frame.  This buffer gradually wears with use, and requires replacement after firing approximately 1000 rounds.  Failure to replace the buffer when required will accelerate wear on the pistol, and pieces of a disintegrating buffer may cause malfunctions, quite possibly at critical times.

Despite these flaws, and with proper maintenance, the Star Model PD was generally very well liked, and still has a strong following among some firearms enthusiasts.

It is a common misconception that "PD" stands for "Police Department," however, "PD" is actually the initials for Pete Dickey who submitted the idea for the Star PD to Star Bonafacia, in Spain.

References

External links
 Field stripping the Star PD

Star semi-automatic pistols
.45 ACP semi-automatic pistols
Semi-automatic pistols of Spain

Star Model PD


Allegiance, also known as Recalled, is a 2012 American war film directed by Michael Connors and starring Bow Wow. Allegiance takes place in October 2004 and concerns the upcoming deployment of a New York Army National Guard unit to Iraq.

Plot

In October 2004, a New York Army National Guard unit prepares for an upcoming deployment to Iraq. First Lieutenant Danny Selfton, the executive officer of his company, was transferred to a non-deploying public affairs unit due to influence from his politically powerful father but is present to assist in the final preparations. Specialist Reyes, a combat medic in the same unit, applied for a compassionate reassignment due to his son suffering from lung cancer. However, his request for reassignment was denied by his battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel Owens due to his needed medical skills for the upcoming deployment.

Not willing to leave his son, Reyes attempts to flee the base prior to his unit shipping out. Unable to do it alone, he pressures Selfton into helping him come up with a plan to sneak out on a departing supply convoy. Selfton's plans are hindered by his replacement, First Lieutenant Chambers, due to Chambers accompanying him to the convoy and Reyes' platoon sergeant Staff Sergeant Hart discovering that he was missing. Selfton and Reyes flee from the convoy area and attempt to find another way to get him off of the base. Shortly after they flee Selfton is caught and arrested by the military police on base while trying to contact Reyes' cousin on a pay phone.

Captain Angelo, the company commander, orders Selfton to reveal Reyes' location. Selfton takes him to where he is located but a distraction by one of the other Soldiers in the unit gives Selfton a chance to get away and meet back up with Reyes. Selfton takes Reyes to meet up with his cousin and causes a distraction allowing Reyes to successfully flee the area. During his escape Chambers attacks Selfton and the two officers fight until the MPs arrive and arrest him again. Reyes climbs the fence leading off of the base and successfully flees with his cousin before he can be captured.

The following day Selfton is taken in front of the company in handcuffs so he can face charges. At the same time, a military police car arrives with Reyes, who was arrested earlier while with his son. Selfton is brought to LTC Owens' office but Owens drops all charges out of fear that Sefton's arrest for helping Reyes see his son would bring bad press to the National Guard. Before being dismissed, Selfton requests to stay with the unit and deploy with them, allowing Chambers to be discharged. His request granted, Selfton says goodbye to his fiancee Leela and then joins members of his unit on the back of one of the departing trucks.

Cast

Seth Gabel as Lieutenant Danny Selfton
Shad "Bow Wow" Moss as Specialist Reyes
Pablo Schreiber as First Lieutenant Alec Chambers
Malik Yoba as Staff Sergeant Hart
Dominic Fumusa as Captain Angelo
Aidan Quinn as Lieutenant Colonel Owens
Jason Lew as Sergeant Kraft
Zachary Booth as Private Carroll
Gavin-Keith Umeh as Private First Class Gonzales
Laith Nakli as First Sergeant Wells
Reshma Shetty as Leela
Christopher L. McAllister as Dishelved Sergeant
Greg Prosser as Radio Sergeant
Ray Lucas as Barracks MP Sergeant
Alexander Martin Jones as Barracks MP Private

References

External links

2012 films
American war drama films
Films set in 2004
Iraq War films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films

Allegiance (film)


Sylvania Township is a township in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 76 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 29.9 square miles (77.3 km2), all  land.

Sylvania Township is bordered by Homer Township to the north, Summit Township to the east, Wharton Township to the east and south, Portage Township to the west and the borough of Austin to the west.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 61 people, 29 households, and 20 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.0 people per square mile (0.8/km2). There were 289 housing units at an average density of 9.7/sq mi (3.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 93.44% White, and 6.56% from two or more races.

There were 29 households, out of which 17.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.48.

In the township the population was spread out, with 13.1% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 37.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $39,750, and the median income for a family was $49,375. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $26,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,029. There were 5.3% of families and 6.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

References

Populated places established in 1828
Townships in Potter County, Pennsylvania

Sylvania Township, Pennsylvania


The channel at Pollock Rip Shoals is centered about three miles east of the southerly end of Monomoy Island in Chatham, Massachusetts. The channel, which runs east-west, is about eight miles south of the Chatham Lighthouse. Vessels passing around the Cape Cod coastline use the channel as a passage from the Atlantic Ocean to Nantucket Sound. The Pollock Rip Lightship marked the eastern approach to the channel from 1849 to 1969; it has since been replaced by a lighted buoy. The Stonehorse Lightship had previously identified the southeasterly end of the channel until October 1963, when it was removed by the U.S. Coast Guard and replaced with a small buoy.
The channel extends six miles through the shoals and is 30 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide. It was completed in 1925.

References

Chatham, Massachusetts
Landforms of Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Shoals of the United States

Pollock Rip Shoal


The 2021 pitch doctoring controversy arose in Major League Baseball (MLB) around pitchers' use of foreign substances, such as the resin-based Spider Tack, to improve their grip on the baseball and the spin rate on their pitches. On June 15, 2021, MLB announced a new policy whereby any player caught using foreign substances on baseballs would receive a 10-game suspension. The policy also included umpire inspections of all pitchers during games starting on June 21, a decision that was met with mixed reactions from players and coaches.

Background

Throughout the history of Major League Baseball (MLB), pitchers have used various methods of "doctoring" the baseball, using foreign substances or physically altering the shape of the ball to increase a certain aspect. An early example would be the spitball, which was popularized by Elmer Stricklett in the early 1900s. The spitball was formally banned in 1920, after Ray Chapman was struck in the head and killed by one such pitch. Another historical method of doctoring pitches included the emery ball, in which sandpaper or an emery board was used to scuff one side of a ball and change its flight pattern. In 2012, Tampa Bay Rays pitcher Joel Peralta came under fire when he was found to be using pine tar to improve his grip while pitching. Peralta was caught using pine tar in his glove during a game against the Washington Nationals, was expelled from the game, and received an additional eight-game suspension. Peralta argued that he had been using the pine tar for batting practice, where the substance is allowed for help gripping the bat, and that "It's not like I'm using pine tar my whole career".

In 2009, professional strength athletes James Deffinbaugh and Michael Caruso began working on a substance that would allow weightlifters and bodybuilders to better grip the large, awkwardly-shaped lifting stones used during World's Strongest Man competitions. They developed a resin-based substance that the pair began marketing commercially in 2010 as Spider Tack. In addition to strongman competitions, Spider Tack became popular in the wheelchair sports community, as the tackiness of the substance helped athletes maintain their grip on the wheels of their chair.

Usage
The use of Spider Tack and other foreign substances was first openly discussed in February 2020, when Trevor Bauer, then playing with the Cincinnati Reds, spoke to HBO's Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel about how he "would guess 70 percent of the pitchers in the league use some sort of technically illegal substance on the ball". MLB undertook an informal poll during the 2020–21 offseason, during which they found that a majority of field managers considered foreign substances to be the most urgent issue in the sport. At the beginning of the 2021 MLB season, umpires and other officials collected baseballs from teams and analyzed them in an independent laboratory.

Simultaneously, the league-wide batting average at the start of the 2021 season was .237, the lowest that it had been since 1968. There were, on average, 8.98 strikeouts per team per game, the highest in MLB history, and pitchers had thrown six no-hitters by June 12. On June 15, 2021, MLB announced that any pitcher found using illegal foreign substances during a game would be immediately ejected, and would face an additional 10-game suspension. The rosin bags that are placed behind the pitching mound were allowed to remain, but pitchers were not allowed to combine rosin with other substances, such as sunscreen.

On June 5, 2021, third baseman Josh Donaldson of the Minnesota Twins accused New York Yankees pitcher Gerrit Cole of using Spider Tack. He noted that, in Cole's first start after MLB announced a crackdown on foreign substances, the spin rate on Cole's pitches dropped by up to 125 RPM. He asked The Athletic, "Is it coincidence that Gerrit Cole's spin rate numbers went down (Thursday) after four minor leaguers got suspended for 10 games?" On June 8, during a Zoom conference after a game, Cole was asked directly whether he had ever used Spider Tack, to which the pitcher said, "I don't quite know how to answer that, to be honest." Cole was one of a handful of pitchers named in a lawsuit by Los Angeles Angels visiting clubhouse manager Bubba Harkins, who claimed that several players had ordered tins of homemade tacky substance from Harkins. After the press conference, Cole clarified that his hesitation was because he did not believe that Zoom was the appropriate forum to discuss the issue. Meanwhile, his Yankees teammate Jameson Taillon admitted that he had tried Spider Tack while recovering from Tommy John surgery, but that he had struggled to pitch with the substance and thus no longer uses it.

Controversy
By mid May 2021, several batters began speaking out against the use of Spider Tack and other sticky substances. Donaldson threatened to expose "an entire catalog of cheating videos" of pitchers that he believed to be using foreign substances, before telling reporters that he wanted umpires to check "every half-inning" for non-compliance. A video from Hey_Commy, entitled "Josh Donaldson's cheating catalogue" went viral on TikTok later that week. J. T. Realmuto, the starting catcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, also spoke out against the use of Spider Tack and pine tar, telling The Philadelphia Inquirer, "I think if they cracked down on that, that would honestly help the offense a lot, get the ball in play more often, and less swing and miss."

Some individuals have argued against MLB's blanket ban on grip-enhancing substances. After Phillies pitcher Vince Velasquez lost control of a pitch, fracturing Washington Nationals pitcher Austin Voth's nose as a result, Nationals manager Dave Martinez argued that the injury could have been prevented had Velasquez been allowed to use a substance to increase his grip. Martinez told reporters, "I understand them trying to clean some stuff up. But it's hot, it's slippery, it's sweaty. I know Velasquez didn't throw in there intentionally, but I'm afraid that if we don't come up with something unified for everybody, you'll see a lot more of that." Tyler Glasnow, a pitcher for the Tampa Bay Rays who openly admitted to using a mixture of sunscreen and rosin to improve his grip on the baseball, blamed the MLB crackdown on such substances for his season-ending ulnar collateral ligament injury. Nationals general manager Mike Rizzo called Glasnow "courageous" for admitting to using grip-enhancing techniques and criticized MLB for the sudden ban.

Enforcement
On June 15, 2021, MLB issued a press release announcing new guidance regarding "a uniform standard for the consistent application of the rules, including regular checks of all pitchers regardless of whether an opposing club's manager makes a request." Included in MLB's announcement was a mandate for routine, random checks of all pitchers by umpires in the Major and Minor Leagues, with any player found to have a foreign substance immediately ejected and suspended for 10 games. Enforcement across MLB began on June 21.

The process of being checked for sticky substances has been met with scrutiny. Dodgers pitcher Clayton Kershaw suggested that an opposing manager should face punishment if he requests a substance check and the pitcher is clean, while Oakland Athletics reliever Sergio Romo, frustrated with the regular checks for foreign substances, dropped his pants in protest. Most notably, Phillies manager Joe Girardi and Nationals pitcher Max Scherzer clashed in a game when Girardi requested that officials perform a substance check on Scherzer in the fourth inning of a Phillies-Nationals game. The two clashed over whether the request was made in good faith, with Girardi ultimately ejected from the game.

On June 27, Seattle Mariners left-hander Hector Santiago became the first player ejected under MLB's heightened enforcement, after umpires discovered a foreign substance on his glove. Both Santiago and Mariners manager Scott Servais said that Santiago was only using rosin, which is allowed, and that it had become sticky when mixed with his sweat. MLB announced a 10-game suspension for Santiago on June 29, which Santiago appealed. Caleb Smith of the Arizona Diamondbacks was the second pitcher to be suspended under the new policy; umpires found suspicious material inside Smith's glove on August 18, during a game against the Phillies. He appealed the suspension, arguing that the substance was an accidental combination of rosin and dirt. Under the new policy, Smith would have faced a suspension regardless.

References

Further reading

External links
 "Illegal Substance" ejections at closecallsports.com

Cheating in baseball
Major League Baseball controversies
Banned sports tactics
pitch doctoring controversy
2021 controversies in the United States

2021 pitch doctoring controversy


The 57th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. at the Capital Hilton on May 30–31, 1984, sponsored by the E.W. Scripps Company.

The winner was 13-year-old Daniel Greenblatt of Sterling, Virginia, who correctly spelled "luge" for the win. Greenblatt was the first winner ever sponsored by a weekly newspaper, the Loudon Times-Mirror of Leesburg, Virginia. Second place went to 13-year-old Amy McWhirter of St. Joseph, Michigan, who missed "towhee".

There were 151 contestants this year (up from 137 the prior year), 78 girls and 73 boys. Fourth- to eighth-place spellers made it to the second day of competition. A total of 606 words were used.

The first-place winner received $1000. Alex Cameron was the pronouncer, in his fourth year in that role.

References

External links
 Final 45 seconds of 1984 bee, via NBC News Archives on YouTube

Scripps National Spelling Bee competitions
1984 in Washington, D.C.
1984 in education
May 1984 events in the United States

57th Scripps National Spelling Bee


The title of Baron Bonville was created once in the Peerage of England. On 10 March 1449, Sir William Bonville II was summoned to Parliament. On his death in 1461, the barony was inherited by his great-granddaughter Cecily Bonville, who two months before succeeded as Baroness Harington, with which title the barony merged until 1554, when both baronies were forfeited. From her death in 1529 to the forfeiture in 1554, the baronies were merged with the title of Marquess of Dorset.

Barons Bonville

William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (1392–1461)
Cecily Bonville, 2nd Baroness Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington (1460–1529)
Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, 3rd Baron Bonville, 8th Baron Harington, 8th Baron Ferrers of Groby (1477–1530)
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, 4th Baron Bonville, 9th Baron Harington, 9th Baron Ferrers of Groby (1517–1554), eldest son of the 2nd Marquess, was created Duke of Suffolk in 1551. He was found guilty of treason, attainted and all of his honours forfeit in 1554. It also became abeyant in 1889 while still under attainder.

References

The Peerage.com

1449 establishments in England
Forfeited baronies in the Peerage of England
Noble titles created in 1449

Baron Bonville


Aaron Rogers (born 5 January 1984) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Originally from New South Wales, Rogers was recruited to the Melbourne Football Club in the 2001 AFL Draft. However, it was not until he was traded to the Sydney Swans in 2004 that he made his debut. After limited game time and a total of just four disposals over his two matches, he was delisted at the end of the 2004 season. Aaron Rogers played for AFL Canberra side the Eastlake Demons.

Rogers was a member of the 2010 Morningside Australian Football Club premiership team. He was their senior coach in 2012 and 2013, before joining the Gold Coast Football Club's NEAFL team's coaching group in 2014.

Aaron is now a facilitator at Leading Teams.

References

External links

Australian rules footballers from New South Wales
Sydney Swans players
1984 births
Living people
NSW/ACT Rams players
Eastlake Football Club players
Morningside Australian Football Club players

Aaron Rogers


A bestseller is a book or other media that is known for their top selling status, meaning they sold many copies. They are often seen on bestselling lists by newspapers, magazines, and bookstore chains. An author may also be called a bestseller if their work are seen on a bestseller list many times.  Well-known bestseller lists in the U.S. are published by Publishers Weekly, USA Today,  The New York Times and The Washington Post.

References

Literary terms

Bestseller


Francis Holman (1729–1784) was a British maritime painter, little recognised during his own lifetime, but whose paintings are now sought after.  He is also notable as the teacher of Thomas Luny.

Life
He was born in Ramsgate and baptised on 14 November 1729 at St Laurence-in-Thanet, Ramsgate.  He was the eldest son and second of six children of Francis Holman (1696–1739), and his wife, Anne Long (1707–1757). His father was a master mariner, and his grandfather a Ramsgate cooper.  His younger brother, Captain John Holman (1733–1816), maintained the family shipping business and remained close to Francis throughout his life.  Young Francis would certainly have been immersed in the maritime world during his up-bringing; the legacy of this early knowledge is a wealth of detail and accuracy in his later work.

Francis Holman lived in at least five addresses in Wapping on the Thames in London.  He married, firstly,  Elizabeth, and they produced 3 sons; John (b. 1757), and two more sons, both named Francis, who died in infancy. Elizabeth's death is unrecorded, but on 7 May 1781 he married, secondly, Jane Maxted (c.1736–1790).  He was apparently childless when he wrote his will in 1783.

Work

Holman's earliest works are portraits of ships, commonly commissioned for ships' captains. From 1767 to 1772 he exhibited eleven pictures at the Free Society of Artists, and he began to produce pictures of shipyards and the general life of maritime Britain in the late eighteenth century.  By 1773 Holman had taken on Thomas Luny as an apprentice; Luny later became a major maritime painter in his own right.

With the American War of Independence and the strong contemporary public interest in the Royal Navy, it was natural that Holman should turn his talents towards more patriotic themes. Between 1774 and 1784 he sent seventeen pictures, mostly of the Royal Navy or sea battles, for exhibition at the Royal Academy. His most notable painting of the American War of Independence is The Moonlight Battle off Cape St. Vincent, 16 January 1780 (shown right).

Fate

Holman died in Wapping on 29 November 1784. Captain John Holman brought his body back to Ramsgate for burial on 4 December in Jane's family vault at St Laurence, where the vicar recorded his death as due to "lethargy".

Artistic achievement

According to Lionel Cust in the Dictionary of National Biography, Holman's work "met with unmerited neglect".  More recently, his paintings have achieved good prices at auction and form significant collections at museums, not least the National Maritime Museum.  His attention to detail and in-depth knowledge of his subject have left us with a valuable record of eighteenth century maritime life, and consequently his reputation as a major marine painter has grown.  His importance as the teacher of Thomas Luny has also enhanced his reputation.

References

Bibliography
A Dictionary of British Marine Painters, Arnold Wlison, A & C Black Publishers Ltd, 1970,
The Dictionary of 18th Century British Painters, Ellis Waterhouse, published by Antique Collectors' Club Ltd, 1981,

External links

1729 births
1784 deaths
18th-century English painters
English male painters
British marine artists
People from Ramsgate
18th-century English male artists

Francis Holman


The "Burial of the Sardine" () since 1851, is an annual Spanish ceremony celebrating the end of carnival and other festivities. The "Burials" generally consist of a carnival parade that parodies a funeral procession and culminates with the burning of a symbolic figure, usually a representation of a sardine. The "Burial of the Sardine" is celebrated on Ash Wednesday and is a symbolical burial of the past to allow society to be reborn, transformed and with new vigour.

Many Spanish festivals end with ceremonies in which a symbol representing the excesses of the festival is burned or destroyed — although some have been lost, others have been revived. Similar celebrations include the "Fiesta del Judas", the "Judas Party" (la quema del haragán), and the "Burning of the Raspajo" (la quema del raspajo). The burning of an effigy represents a regeneration and liberation — the passage of the symbol through the fire represents a purging of the vices and a restoration of the order temporarily subverted during the festival; in ceremonies of symbolical burial, the theme is one of reflection.

Popular culture
The Burial of the Sardine (1812–1819) an oil-on-panel painting of a ceremony in Madrid by Francisco Goya.

Notes

References

Festivals in Spain

Entierro de la Sardina


Thomas Simon Maling (born 3 June 1975) is a retired New Zealand rugby union footballer and former All Black. His usual playing position was at lock. He played for most of his rugby career in New Zealand for the Otago Highlanders and the All Blacks from 1996 - 2004 before heading overseas to London to play part of one season at Harlequins in 2004 before heading to Japan. He joined the Scarlets at the start of the 2008–09 European season, leaving Suntory Sungoliath in Japan, where he played for three years from 2005 to 2008. In mid-2009, at age 34, Maling hung up his boots and retired from rugby and returned to his native New Zealand to live.

Early life
Maling was born 3 June 1975 in Christchurch, New Zealand. He grew up in Cashmere, Christchurch and attended Christ's College where he excelled at both rowing and rugby union. Upon finishing school he moved to Dunedin to study at the University of Otago.

As a student at the University of Otago he shared a flat with fellow former All Blacks Anton Oliver and Tony Brown and earned the nickname 'Donk'.

His first class debut came with three matches for New Zealand Colts in 1996, two of them at the Southern Hemisphere Under 21 tournament. The following year he made three Super 14 appearances for the Highlanders, played once for the Rugby Academy and had eight matches for Otago, mostly as a replacement.

Early career
Maling played for the Otago Highlanders in the Super 14 competition starting in 1997 for a total of seven years. In 1999, with Maling in good form, the Highlanders reached the Super 14 final where they were narrowly defeated by the Canterbury Crusaders by a score of 24–19.

During most of this time he was one of the Highlanders key players, playing at lock, and known for his energy, reliability in the line out, and good work rate. He played 11 tests for the All Blacks since making his international debut against Italy in 2001 and he was an All Black for four years. He studied at the University of Otago where he gained his Bachelor of Commerce degree.

Maling's failure to make the 2003 All Black squad for the Rugby World Cup came as a major disappointment and as a surprise to many commentators as he had been the inform lock and the best line-out jumper in the Super 12 competition leading up to the Rugby World Cup. Nevertheless, he had been struggling with injuries earlier in the season and this may have cost him his place.

Later career
In 2004, following the 2003 Rugby World Cup, Maling made it back into the All Blacks and played all four tri-nations tests that year. However, at the end of the 2004 season the New Zealand Rugby Almanack commented that "Simon Maling lacked the enthusiasm of earlier in his career". Nevertheless, the shortage of good locks in New Zealand at the time of his retirement from All Black rugby meant that if he had stayed longer in New Zealand he might have expected to continue with the All Blacks for a while longer.

In 2004, Maling's All Black career ended with a disheartening 40–26 loss to South Africa. Having played in 11 tests, Maling headed overseas first to London in late 2004 where after a brief spell with Harlequins he headed on to Japan where he joined Japanese club Suntory Sungoliath.

In 2006, Suntory Sungoliath lost the final of the Top League and Microsoft Cup title to Toshiba Brave Lupus by a score of 33–18. Then in February 2007, Suntory Sungoliath again lost the final of the Top League and Microsoft Cup title to Toshiba Brave Lupus before a crowd of 23,076 at Tokyo's Chichibunomiya Stadium, the first sellout at the ground in 10 years. The score was 14–13 to Toshiba Brave Lupus. According to Maling, the team was totally gutted by the loss. However Suntory with Maling in the team won the fifth Microsoft Cup on 24 February 2008 to become champions of the Top League for 2007–08.

On 5 February 2008 it was announced that Maling would join Llanelli Scarlets for the 2008/09 season. In April 2009 him and Gavin Thomas were released because of the clause in their contract that said if they were injured for more than 26 weeks they would be released.

Maling returned to New Zealand to live in 2009, where he now farms in the South Island close to Wānaka.

Summary

A clever line-out forward with a good workrate and a good jumper, Maling perhaps lacked the physical presence to dominate at the very top level. But he was a respected opponent at all levels and gave good service to the All Blacks in the 13 matches (11 tests) that he played.

Maling was on the winning side in 9 of the 11 tests in which he played, a winning percentage of 81%.

External links

 –   TVNZ New Release on Maling's Overseas Move

References

1975 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union locks
New Zealand international rugby union players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Scarlets players
University of Otago alumni
Expatriate rugby union players in Japan
People educated at Christ's College, Christchurch
Expatriate rugby union players in Wales
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Japan
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Wales
Rugby union players from Christchurch
Julius family
Elworthy family
Ormond family
Harper family

Simon Maling


Gateway LitFest or GLF is an annual literary festival held at NCPA (2) in Mumbai. This is the first of the kind event to celebrate the writings and writers in Indian languages. Gateway LitFest has been conceptualised as a national-level platform for the regional language writers to help them share ideas and to facilitate integration of various regional languages into the mainstream literature.

Origin and founders

Gateway LitFest was conceptualised in 2014. The first edition of the literary festival took place in 2015. Mohan Kakanadan, Sabarinath M, Joseph Alexander and KJ Bennychan are the promoters of the festival. The festival is jointly organised by Mumbai-based Malayalam publication `Kaakka' and communication consultancy Passion 4 Communication Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai.

Advisory Panel
The advisory panel of the fest is headed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Other members in the panel are Pratibha Ray, Subodh Sarkar, Sitanshu Yashachandra, Laxman Gaikwad, K Satchidanandan, Sachin Ketkar, S Prasannarajan,  Bose Krishnamachari, Uma Da Cunha and  C Gouridasan Nair.

History

2015
The first edition was held on 14 and 15 February 2015 at NCPA, Mumbai. The fest focused on seven languages – Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Odia and Tamil. Around 50 authors from 15 languages attended the festival as speakers. The attendees included Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Laxman Gaikwad, Ravi Subramanian, K Satchidanandan, Sitanshu Yashaschandra,   Subodh Sarkar,  Leena Manimakalai,  Govind Nhalani,  Benyamin, Hemant Divatte, Nandita Das, Malika Sheikh,  Sachin Ketkar, EV Ramakrishnan, Satish Solankurkar, Kureeppuzha Sreekumar, Kalpetta Narayan, VR Sudhish and Manasi.

2016
The second edition of Gateway Litfest was held at NCPA, Mumbai on 20 and 21 February 2016. Around 70 writers from 15 languages participated in the festival. (18) The theme was `the contemporary regional literature landscape.'  The speakers included Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Pratibha Ray, Sitakant Mahapatra, Sitanshu Yashaschandra, Anand Neelakantan, Ananth Narayan Mahadevan, Anitha Thampi, B.Jeyamohan, Balakrishnan, Binayak Bandyopadhyay, Binita Mallik, Desmond L Kharmawphlang, Gurbir Singh, Hema Naik, Hemant Divate, Ibomcha Yumlembam Singh, Jayant Pawar, Jerry Pinto, Koushiki Dasgupta, K S Raman, K V Maniraj, Leena Manimekalai, Madhavi Narsalay, Madhupal, Maya Rahi, M G Radhakrishnan, Mustansir Dalvi, N S Madhavan, Paresh Mokashi, Pranay Phukan, Purnachandra Hembram, Sachin Ketkar, Salkhu Majhi, Sampurna Chattarji, Sethumadhavan, Shaji Vikraman, Shefalika Verma, Shyam Benegal, S Prasannarajan, Subhash Chandran, Sunil Sukthankar, T K Muralidharan, Udaya Tara Nayar, and Zaman Azurdah.

2017
Third edition, held at NCPA in Mumbai on 25–26 February 2017, was based on the theme: `the contemporary face of Indian Literature.' The main speakers included Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Anjali Menon, Anju Makhija, Chandana Dutt, Damodar Mauzo, Desmond Kharmawaflang, Desraj Kali, Haladhar Nag, Hemant Divate, KR Meera, Kumar Ketkar, Laxman Gaikwad, M Mukundan, Malika Amar Sheikh, Mangesh Kale, Mihir Chitre, Mini Krishnan, Parichay Dass, Ramesh Suryawanshi,  S Prasannarajan, Sachin Ketkar,  Salil Wagh, Salma Rukkaiah, Sanjeev Khandekar, Sharankumar Limbale, Shafi Shauq, Thilothama Majumdar and Vasanta Balan.

2018
The main theme of the fourth edition, held on 22, 23 & 24 February 2018 at NCPA in Mumbai was Celebration of Women Power in Indian literature and over 50 women writers were speakers.  Around 50 women writers from 17 languages participated in the festival. The names of writers and speakers who attended the festival include

Aparna Sen , Shobhaa De, Anju Makhija,  Devika J, Indu Menon, Kanaka Ha, Karthika VK, Nirupama Dutt, Prof. Challapalli Swaroopa Rani,  Tarannum Riyaz, Nandita Das, Bina Paul, Baby Haldar, Neena Kulkarni, Nalini Jameela, Nitu Bhattacharya, Patricia Mukhim, Pradnya Daya Pawar, Jacinta Kerketta, Aswathy Sasikumar, Manushi, Nighat Sahiba, Rekha Sachdev Pohani, Mercy Margaret, Anuradha S, Indira Das, Kamal Vora, Malini Nair, Meena Menon, Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan, Prasanna Ramaswamy, Rana Ayyub, Rokeya Roy, Sanskritirani Desai, Sushama Deshpande, Udayan Thakkar, Chandrahas Choudhury, Sanjukta Wagh, Sunil Mehta, Purva Naresh, Kaartikeya Bajpai, Dileep Jhaveri, Dhruv Sharma and Professor Neeti Singh.

References

External links

Organizers Website

Literary festivals in India
2015 establishments in Maharashtra

Gateway LitFest