Gardendale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a northern suburb of Birmingham. The population was 16,044 at the 2020 census.

History
A large farm settlement near the area today known as Gardendale was settled around 1825. Some years later, other settlers began to move into the community commonly known as Jugtown, a name given to the area based on the presence of a large jug and churn factory that operated in the area. Some years later, Hettie Thomason Cargo, a school teacher, would lead a campaign to change the name of the community after being embarrassed to admit she was from "Jugtown" at a regional teachers' meeting. In 1906, the name Gardendale was selected, and in 1955, the City of Gardendale was officially incorporated. Today, with more than 13,000 residents (estimated), the city of Gardendale has grown to include more than 400 businesses, 4 schools, and 24 churches.

In 1996, the Olympic torch run passed through the city during the weeks leading up to the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta. Before Interstate 65 was constructed, the main route between Nashville, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama was U.S. Route 31. Prior to being built as a four-lane road, U.S. 31 was a twisting two-lane road that is still largely visible today. From the north end of Gardendale, it is now Snow Rogers Road, North Road, Moncrief Road, and then Main Street southward through the city to the Fultondale city limit where it becomes Stouts Road. In the fall of 2008, new signs were placed along the original route of Stouts Road through Gardendale denoting its historical significance as a stagecoach route between Tennessee and Birmingham during the 19th century. The first traffic signals in the city were located along U.S. 31 at Tarrant Road, Fieldstown Road, and Moncrief Road as well as Tarrant Road at Pineywood Road. A new signal at the intersection of Fieldstown Road and Main Street near city hall replaced a blinking signal shortly thereafter. Fieldstown Road was a narrow two lane road from U.S. 31 westward until Interstate 65 was built and then Fieldstown Road was re-routed onto the new road in the mid-1980s. An abundance of traffic signals have been erected in the city since those early days. In approximately 1970, the city installed street lights along U.S. 31 from the Fultondale city limits northward to the Moncrief Road intersection. The technology at that time was for blue vapor lights. Today, nearly 40 years later those same blue vapor lights still exist with some being replaced with the more modern bulbs near major intersections. Since 1980, Gardendale has annexed considerable amounts of land on the north, east, and west sides.  Much of the eastern area is uninhabited.  The western annexation is centered along Fieldstown Road. Most of the newest residential development has been in this area and along Shady Grove Road south of Fieldstown Road.  The northern annexation has centered along US 31 and extends nearly  farther north than 1980. The city has a working historical society, established January 23, 2006, that is working to record the history of the Gardendale area. They have a museum that is open to the public on Saturday mornings each week. It contains a variety of photographs, documents, and other historical memorabilia from Gardendale.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. However, with the recent annexation of several thousand acres from the community of Mt. Olive and other unincorporated areas, the city now has an estimated total area of around . Gardendale is situated along one of the three major transportation corridors from the Midwest to the Gulf Coast (I-75, I-65, I-55). A tremendous volume of freight (via rail and truck) passes through or near Gardendale.

Gardendale is served by two major north–south highways: Interstate 65 and U.S. 31. A new interstate highway, Interstate 22 will run northwestward from I-65 near Gardendale towards Memphis, Tennessee. This freeway is open from Coalburg Road near Fultondale just southwest of Gardendale to Memphis. Another future road project is the Northern Beltline which will run from Interstate 59 near Argo westward across northern Jefferson County, crossing I-65 on the northern edge of Gardendale. This highway is currently designated to become Interstate 422. This route is some 15–20 years away from completion. Major east–west roads in Gardendale include Fieldstown Road (there has been some discussion of requesting a state highway designation for this road between US 31 and I-65 and perhaps westward towards I-22) which runs from U.S. 31 in Gardendale westward, Tarrant Road which runs from the city eastward, and Mt. Olive Road which runs northwestward from the city. Another future road project may be an extension of Fieldstown Road east of U.S. 31 to connect to the Castle Pines development (which is in the city but only accessible via a roundabout route nearly  long) and then across New Castle Road, and then further east to connect to Carson Road. Gardendale is located in an area that once yielded large amounts of coal. Gardendale is located at the southwestern end of one of the Appalachian ridgelines running from eastern Tennessee into northeast Alabama. Several old and closed coal mines exist in the area as well as lands that were once strip mined and then replanted for forests. No major waterways are located in Gardendale but several streams feed into the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River that passes north and west of the city. Much of the land inside the city limits on the east and northeast sides of Gardendale is rocky and hilly with deep ravines. This portion of the city is sparsely populated and has limited access by road. The only major rail line passing near Gardendale is a north–south track passing on the eastern edge of the city from Boyles Yard near Tarrant paralleling New Castle Road northward towards Blount County. This rail line carries freight and is not a passenger line. The nearest passenger train service is by Amtrak at the Birmingham station  south of Gardendale. Commercial air travel is located at the nearby Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport.

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,044 people, 5,551 households, and 3,790 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 13,893 people, 5,670 households, and 3,979 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 6,040 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 88.4% White, 8.6% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. 1.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,670 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median income for a household in the city was $60,244, and the median income for a family was $79,044. Males had a median income of $52,782 versus $41,224 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,748. About 1.9% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,626 people, 4,733 households, and 3,474 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 4,959 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.19% White, 1.48% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. 0.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,733 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,786, and the median income for a family was $56,929. Males had a median income of $36,714 versus $29,039 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,673. About 3.5% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Most new business development in the past ten years has been along Fieldstown Road (and Odum Road) on the west side of the city between I-65 and US 31. Additional development, but to a lesser extent, has occurred along Mt. Olive Road near I-65. Several older more mature shopping and dining areas exist along US 31. The new City Center is being developed on Mt. Olive Road just south of Fieldstown Road.  The new city hall and offices will be located here.

New retail developments are slated near Interstate 65 at exit 275.  This area is within the Gardendale city limits. Exit 275 is one mile from the future exit 274 Interstate 422.  The interchange of these two interstates will spur commercial growth at exit 275.  The segment of Interstate 422 from Alabama State Route 79 to Interstate 65 is currently slated to be the second segment of Interstate 422 to be constructed.  The first segment is a short stretch between Alabama State Route 79 and Alabama State Route 75 near Pinson.

Arts and culture
Annual events include the Magnolia Festival which occurs each spring and is held around and near the Civic Center complex on Main Street.

Government
Gardendale uses the mayor/council form of government. Past mayors include J.I. Pesnell, Gilbert Jacks, James Yarbrough, Horace Parker, G. William Noble, Kenny Clemons, and Othell Phillips. Stan Hogeland is the current mayor.

The city council consists of five members. The city is divided into five geographic districts with each one electing a council member to represent it on the city council. The election cycle for the mayor and council members is every four years during the same years as presidential elections. The mayoral position became a full-time paid position following the 2008 elections. The city council chooses a member to become council president, who presides over the council meetings. The current council consists of: Allen Jerkins (District 1), Adam Berendt (District 2), Alvin Currington (District 3, council president), Greg Colvert (District 4), and Will Hardman (District 5).

Gardendale has full-time police and fire departments. The Fire & Rescue Department has two stations with station 1 located on Decatur Highway and station 2 located on Fieldstown Road. Fieldstown Volunteers, which is located in the western portion of the city, is a combination emergency response/disaster relief squad that mainly responds to large emergencies and provides support to other agencies.

Gardendale has a new City Hall that opened in 2015 on Main Street near the Civic Center. The previous city hall has been demolished and the property was sold to CVS for use as a pharmacy. The new Gardendale Civic Center is located on Main Street across from Gardendale High School. The Gardendale Public Library is located on Mt. Olive Road just south of the intersection of Mt. Olive Road and Fieldstown Road. A new municipal justice complex including court, police department, and jail has been located within the former Food World building facing US 31 just north of the city center area.  Gardendale has several parks and athletic facilities. G. William Noble Park (formerly known as Moncrief Park) contains 6 baseball fields, 8 tennis courts, a football field, and 3 playgrounds as well as picnic and party facilities. It is located just off Moncrief Road on the northside of the city. The tennis courts are well maintained, and host many different events as do the baseball fields. G. William Noble Park is well kept and gets new playground equipment periodically. Luman Harris Park is a girls softball facility located just off Pineywood Road in the southeast part of the city. Also located there is the Miracle Park which is used for mentally and physically handicapped children. Mini Park, consisting of a playground for smaller children is located on Keith Circle, just north of Tarrant Road, four tenths of a mile east of US 31. Celebration Park is located on Fieldstown Road on the western edge of the city and contains two soccer fields and a walking track, a "splash pad" water park for children. Memorial Park is located between Main Street and US 31 in the north central part of the city and honors those who have served in the US Armed Forces. Past park facilities included two tennis courts and the old civic center which were located adjacent to city hall in the center of the city, two tennis courts located on Tarrant Road in the eastern edge of the city, a mini park located at the corner of Peterson Drive and Tarrant Road which contained an asphalt basketball court, and a softball field that was located behind the south end of Bragg Middle School.

Education

Public
Gardendale is served by several schools operated by the Jefferson County Schools school district. Gardendale Elementary School which opened in 1969 and replaced the older elementary school located about 300 yards east of the current school. Bragg Middle School was built later to handle the growing student population. Until Bragg was opened, Gardendale High School handled grades 7–12. Both Gardendale High School and Bragg Middle School use the nickname Rockets and share the same colors of maroon and gray. Gardendale High School is rated as a 6A school for athletic competition for the two-year period beginning in the fall of 2010. Also located on the north side of Gardendale is Snow Rogers Elementary School. Snow Rogers school is unique in that although it is inside Gardendale city limits, it is a feeder school for both Bragg Middle School in Gardendale as well as North Jefferson Middle School located in nearby Kimberly, Alabama. These schools in turn feed into Gardendale High School and Mortimer Jordan High School located in nearby Kimberly, Alabama.  Residential addresses of Snow Rogers students determine which school they go to once leaving Snow Rogers Elementary. Mt. Olive Elementary is located in the nearby unincorporated Mt. Olive community. Gardendale High School used the Rogers campus as well as temporary classroom buildings while a new high school was being constructed on the site of the former high school (which was built in the mid-1960s). The new high school opened in early 2010. Gardendale High School graduated its first students in 1968.

In November 2013, the city requested to break off its schools from those of Jefferson County and form its own mostly-White school system. The county schools had a majority of Black students. By establishing its own school district, Gardendale has ensured its schools will mostly have White students. Other towns in the county have followed this route and so moved toward de facto racial segregation. In early 2018, the attempt to break away from the county schools was squashed by the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals. Judge Madeline Haikala awarded the NAACP money on the grounds that the city government did not act in good faith, with the fine being almost $850,000. She stated the appellate argument had a "lack of candor".

Gardendale continues to impose its 10 mill tax while, at the same time, Jefferson County is imposing its countywide 8.8 mill tax for schools.

Private
Tabernacle Christian School is located on the northern side of the city, run by Gardendale Baptist Tabernacle. Their athletic teams carry the nickname Torches.  Gardendale Christian Academy is also located on the northern side as a school and daycare run by Gardendale Church of the Nazarene.  GCA's mascot is King's Knights.

Adult
Gardendale was once home to the Rogers Area Vocational School which has now been demolished to make way for soccer & baseball fields as well as student parking.

Media
Gardendale is located within the Birmingham television and radio market, the 39th largest market in the United States.

Newspapers covering Gardendale include The Birmingham News (3x weekly, based in neighboring Birmingham); The North Jefferson News was once based in the city but merged with the Cullman Times in April 2020 and ceased operations under the North Jefferson News name at that time.

Radio station WZNN (97.3 FM) is licensed and identified on air as a Gardendale radio station.  This station is a 24-hour sports station that covers the Birmingham radio market.  The broadcast studios and transmitter are not located in Gardendale even though the station is licensed to Gardendale.

Infrastructure

Health care
In 2019, UAB opened a free-standing emergency room with outpatient clinics and helipad access. Large hospitals offering secondary and tertiary care, including a trauma center, are located nearby in Birmingham, the home of the University of Alabama School of Medicine, the UAB hospitals, Baptist Brookwood hospital system, and St. Vincent's hospital system . Gardendale is served by several small health centers/clinics that are part of these larger healthcare systems.

Notable people
Mario Addison - professional football player
 Jordan Howard - professional football player for Philadelphia Eagles
 Pat Keedy - former professional baseball player for 1985 California Angels,1987 Chicago White Sox and 1989 Cleveland Indians
 Trey Mullinax - PGA professional golfer
 John Salter - mixed martial arts fighter
 Willie Wyatt - former Alabama Crimson Tide Football and Arena Football League player
 Chris Fryar - Drummer for the Zac Brown Band

References

External links
 City of Gardendale
 Gardendale Chamber of Commerce
 Gardendale-Martha Moore Public Library

Populated places established in 1825
1955 establishments in Alabama
Cities in Alabama
Cities in Jefferson County, Alabama
Birmingham metropolitan area, Alabama

Gardendale, Alabama


Plush (from French ) is a textile having a cut nap or pile the same as fustian or velvet.  Its softness of feel gave rise to the adjective "plush" to describe something soft or luxurious, which was extended to describe luxury accommodation, or something rich and full. This has also been known to be described as früh, or middlefrüh in more affordable varieties.

Originally the pile of plush consisted of mohair or worsted yarn, but now silk by itself or with a cotton backing is used for plush, the distinction from velvet being found in the longer and less dense pile of plush. The soft material is largely used for upholstery and furniture purposes, and is also much employed in dress and millinery.

Modern plush are commonly manufactured from synthetic fibres such as polyester. One of the largest uses of this fabric is in the production of stuffed toys, with small plush toys made from plush fabric, such as teddy bears, to the point these are often addressed as "plush toys" or "plushies". Plush is also one of the main materials for the construction of designer toys.

References

Pile fabrics

Plush


The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane was one of several known tropical cyclones that have affected New York City.

The storm was first seen off the coast of the Southeastern United States on September 1. It had winds near .

The hurricane moved onto land near Wilmington, North Carolina. It then passed near Norfolk, Virginia. Then it moved through the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey just inland.

On September 3, the storm struck near Jamaica Bay (which later became a part of New York City).

On September 4, the hurricane was over New England.

The storm killed 22 people when it struck the Eastern United States.

The Swiss Re insurance company notes that a similar storm striking the East Coast of the United States would do more than $100 billion (and possibly as high as $200 billion) in damage if it struck. That's far more damage than was done when Hurricane Sandy struck New York and New Jersey. Sandy caused between $65 billion and $72 billion in damage.

References

Hurricanes in the United States
1821 in the United States

1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane


McClelland's Single Malt is a range of single malt Scotch whiskies from four of Scotland's key whisky distilling regions—Highland, Islay, Speyside and Lowland.

There is no McClelland's distillery per se, with the scotch being supplied by McClelland's parent company Morrison Bowmore Distillers. The Highland, Islay, and Lowland bottlings were introduced in 1986, with Speyside added in 1999. While most of the McClelland's bottlings do not specify an age, the brand added a second Speyside bottling with a listed age of 12 years in 2008.

The packaging of McClelland's was updated in 2007 by Nevis Design of Edinburgh to support the expansion of the brand worldwide. It now features Scottish imagery by British artist Kathy Wyatt. Incorporated in the imagery is the character "Mr. McClelland", a fictional 1920s explorer making his way around Scotland taking in the sights, sounds and drams as he goes. He reports back in blog format on the McClelland's website.

McClelland's key markets include the United States of America, Canada, Japan, and France, with new markets in South Africa, the UK, Taiwan, South America, and Sweden.

Bottlings
McClelland's bottlings include their Highland, Islay, Lowland, Speyside, and Speyside 12YO.

McClelland's also sells their range as 5cl miniatures—both separately and in the McClelland's Journey Tin, a gift pack of four 5cl miniatures with a tasting guide.

History
T&A McClelland's was a Glasgow based whisky blending and export firm established in 1818.  The company was purchased in 1970 by what became Morrison Bowmore Distillers Ltd., now a division of Suntory. MBD Ltd. continues to produce a number of their original blends along with the newer single malt offerings.

Morrison Bowmore distilleries
Scotch distilleries owned by Morrison Bowmore include:
 Auchentoshan (Lowland)
 Bowmore (Islay)
 Glen Garioch (Highland)

References

Further reading

External links
 McClellands.co.uk

Scottish malt whisky

McClelland's Single Malt


LexisNexis Risk Solutions is a global data and analytics company that provides data and technology services, analytics, predictive insights and fraud prevention for a wide range of industries. It is headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia (part of the Atlanta metropolitan area), and has offices throughout the U.S. and in:

 Australia;
 Brazil;
 China;
 France;
 Hong Kong SAR;
 India;
 Ireland;
 Israel;
 the Philippines;
 and the U.K.

The company's customers include businesses within the insurance, financial services, healthcare and corporate sectors as well as the local, state and federal government, law enforcement and public safety.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions operates within the Risk & Business Analytics market segment of RELX, a multinational information and analytics company based in London.

Overview

Market segments

LexisNexis Risk Solutions operates in four market segments:

 Insurance Services;
 Business Services;
 Health Care Services;
 and Government Services.

Technology

LexisNexis Risk Solutions uses HPCC Systems, also known as DAS (Data Analytics Supercomputer), extensively—its software architecture runs from commodity computing clusters to provide high-performance, data-parallel processing for big data applications. The HPCC Systems platform includes a data refinery (Thor) and a rapid data delivery engine (ROXIE) that utilize the Enterprise Control Language (ECL). LexisNexis Risk Solutions open-sourced the HPCC Systems platform in 2011, and has seen some success with the adoption of this platform by diverse entities, an example being GuardHat, which makes smart hard hats with embedded HPCC Systems technology.

History
A subsidiary of RELX (formerly Reed Elsevier), LexisNexis Risk Solutions first began as the Risk & Information Analytics Group (RIAG) within LexisNexis, a corporation offering legal database services. In 2000, Reed Elsevier acquired RiskWise and PeopleWise, which together became the basis of RIAG. The creation of RIAG expanded LexisNexis offerings to include public records collections. In 2000, LexisNexis also launched HPCC Systems, its data-intensive computing system platform.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions moved into Collections after Reed Elsevier acquired the public records businesses of Dolan Media Company in 2003. That same year, the LexisNexis Special Services Inc. (LNSSI) was founded to provide government agencies with global sources of data fusion technology and analytics. LNSSI also granted Reed Elsevier the ability to participate in classified U.S. government programs as a foreign-owned entity.

In 2004, Reed Elsevier purchased Seisint Inc., based in Boca Raton, Florida. Seisint housed and operated the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange (MATRIX).

In September 2008, Reed Elsevier purchased data aggregator ChoicePoint. This acquisition included an insurance business and the C.L.U.E. database, an underwriting database for the U.S. auto insurance market. LexisNexis completed the migration of public records to HPCC Systems the same year.

Launch

In September 2009, ChoicePoint was integrated with the Risk & Information Analytics Group (RIAG), and the combined new entity became LexisNexis Risk Solutions. In 2011, LexisNexis Risk Solutions was officially launched as a separate company within the Reed Elsevier portfolio.

Mark Kelsey was named CEO of LexisNexis Risk Solutions in December 2012. Over the next two years the company purchased 12 companies, including WorldCompliance, Enclarity, Mapflow, Tracesmart, Wunelli and Health Market Science.

Divestiture

In January 2013, LexisNexis Risk Solutions announced it would sell its background screening business to the Palo Alto-based private equity firm Symphony Technology Group (STG).  STG planned to combine LexisNexis screening with its portfolio company, First Advantage.

Coplogic (2014)

In December 2014, LexisNexis Risk Solutions acquired Coplogic, a leading provider of citizen self-reporting software solutions to law enforcement agencies. The acquisition – which includes Coplogic's technology, staff and book of business – adds a citizen incident reporting capability to the LexisNexis eCrash solution.

Insurance Initiatives Ltd. (2016)

In July 2016, LexisNexis Risk Solutions acquired Insurance Initiatives Ltd. (IIL), a data distribution platform that extracts, hosts and processes large quantities of data to deliver information into the point-of-quote in the U.K.'s Property and Casualty Insurance industry.

Appriss (2016)

In August 2016, LexisNexis Risk Solutions acquired the Crash and Project business group Appriss, a public safety business that provides technology solutions for the efficient collection of crash reports and electronic citations. LexisNexis will utilize the acquired technology within its LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions portfolio, a comprehensive electronic crash and incident reporting suite, to enhance its capabilities to provide a more complete solution to the law enforcement community.

ThreatMetrix (2018)

RELX purchased ThreatMetrix, a digital identity and risk-based authenticator platform, in February 2018.

Lumen (2019)

In May 2019, LexisNexis Risk Solutions purchased Lumen, an integrated data platform leveraged by public safety and law enforcement from Numerica Corporation.

ID Analytics (2020)

In January 2020, LexisNexis Risk Solutions closed its acquisition of ID Analytics, a provider of fraud and credit risk solutions. Previously ID Analytics was a NortonLifeLock company.

Emailage (2020)

In March 2020, LexisNexis  Risk Solutions, acquired Emailage, an Arizona-based fraud prevention and risk management solutions provider.

Governance

LexisNexis Risk Solutions is a subsidiary of RELX (tickers: RELX and REL.UK).

LexisNexis Risk Solutions and Reed Business Information compose RELX's Risk & Business Analytics market segment, led by CEO Mark Kelsey and overseen by the RELX board of directors.

Corporate social responsibility

Missing children

U.S.
LexisNexis Risk Solutions developed the ADAM (Automated Delivery of Alerts on Missing children) program in 2000 to help the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) find missing children. ADAM distributes missing child alert posters to law enforcement, hospitals, libraries and businesses within specific geographic search areas. The system was expanded in 2017 to allow individuals to receive an email alert when a child is reported missing near to them.

In 2017, a feature was added to ADAM to allow NCMEC to focus on a highway where a missing child and abductor may be travelling to distribute posters to recipients along the relevant corridor. Combining this filter along with the system's radius search allows for broad, yet targeted, poster coverage. Functionality was added to ADAM to allow members of the public to sign up for missing child email alerts in their area. More than 1.8 million individuals, private enterprises, hospitals, schools, news outlets and law agencies have signed up to receive automated ADAM alerts.

U.K.
In 2017, LexisNexis Risk Solutions began working with the charity Missing People and the UK National Crime Agency to support their Child Rescue Alert service, which disseminates missing alerts via text message. Along with Charlie Hedges Advisory (one of the U.K.'s foremost experts on missing persons), LexisNexis Risk Solutions and Missing People scoped a training course to assist law enforcement, schools, hospitals and others with missing cases, particularly those involving children who are abducted and/or trafficked.

Food stamp fraud prevention
Since 2013, the Florida Department of Children and Families used LexisNexis Risk Solutions for its identity management solutions to prevent food stamp fraud and improve operational efficiencies, achieving a total cost avoidance of more than $843.7 million.

Humanitarian emergency education
In 2017, LexisNexis Risk Solutions developed the Global Business Coalition for Education's Rapid Education Action (REACT) database to record private sector educational contributions and assets that can be deployed quickly in the wake of a humanitarian emergency.

Law enforcement

PSDE database
The Public Safety Data Exchange (PSDEX) is a contributory database that of more than 1,300 law enforcement agencies across the U.S. that was created by LexisNexis Risk Solutions. PSDEX helps its participants solve crimes, identify threats and anticipate future threats. LexisNexis Risk Solutions created an Advisory Committee to advise on policy and governance of PSDEX data, to help assure adherence to federal Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS), state and local standards for security and privacy of law enforcement-provided data. The PSDEX Advisory Committee is composed of former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Secret Service, metropolitan police department and other criminal justice experts, in partnership with LexisNexis Risk Solutions leaders.

LexisNexis Accurint Virtual Crime Center
The LexisNexis Accurint Virtual Crime Center gives law enforcement "greater visibility into crime in both their jurisdictions and nationwide by linking billions of public records with agency-provided data." It links to PSDEX and brings together disconnected data to provide a more comprehensive view of people's identities so that law enforcement agencies can better target investigations, identify patterns, predict upcoming events and deploy resources more efficiently.

COVID-19

COVID-19 analyzer
In April, 2020, LexisNexis Risk Solutions created a free tracking tool to monitor and report the progress of the Covid-19 virus and provide better contextual understanding of the pandemic's evolution. Using data from Johns Hopkins University (daily cases and deaths), the US Census Bureau (US population) and the UN DESA (world population), the tracker provides metrics and analysis for locations across the globe, with maps that drill down to country and regional levels, helping to understand how the virus is propagating.

In July 2020, Researchers from Florida Atlantic University's College of Engineering and Computer Science in collaboration with LexisNexis Risk Solutions, received a grant for Rapid Research (RAPID) from the National Science Foundation to develop a model of COVID-19 spread using innovative big data analytics techniques and tools. The project leverages prior experience in modeling Ebola spread to successfully model the spread of COVID-19.

COVID-19 Data Resource Center
The Health Care segment of LexisNexis Risk Solutions announced in April 2020 the launch of a free COVID-19 Data Resource Center to provide county-level insights on at-risk populations and potential care capacity gaps to support the U.S. healthcare industry's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. By combining its own data and analytics with those of other industry stakeholders, the company created insights to be used by healthcare organizations, public health officials and health researchers to help allocate resources to the populations with the greatest need. The COVID-19 Data Resource Center features heat maps with insights that identify at-risk populations and correlated gaps in provider coverage. Each county is assigned a percentile rank on a scale of 0 (low-risk) to 100 (high-risk) across various parameters. The map is updated regularly to quickly address the care needs of the community.  In June 2020, the group added national telehealth trending insights to its COVID-19 Data Resource Center to show exponential growth of telehealth adoption resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

See also
LexisNexis
RELX
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children

References

Business services companies of the United States
Companies based in Fulton County, Georgia
Information privacy
2008 mergers and acquisitions
American subsidiaries of foreign companies

LexisNexis Risk Solutions


Morgan's canon is a rule relating to animal behaviour, which states that it should be explained as simply as possible. It is named after British psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan. His idea was that people should only consider behaviour as, for example, rational, purposive or affectionate, if there is no other explanation possible.

"In no case is an animal activity to be interpreted in terms of higher psychological processes if it can be fairly interpreted in terms of processes which stand lower in the scale of psychological evolution and development".

Morgan saw that much insight and apparent problem-solving behaviour could be described using trial and error learning. A famous example is the skilful way in which Morgan's terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily taken by someone seeing the final behaviour as an insightful act. Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it.

Morgan's Canon is a forerunner of behaviourism.

Related pages
Behaviorism
Occam's Razor

References

Ethology

Morgan's canon


Basilar-type migraine (BTM) is a type of migraine with aura that causes a headache which usually starts in the occipital region which is in the lower back part of the brain. The symptoms that are believed to start in the brainstem, occipital cortex, and cerebellum and the pain may affect both sides of the brain at the same time.

Most people who have basilar-type migraine also have migraines with aura without the basilar symptoms. This type of migraine is usually more common in young people between about 10–19 years of age.

The word Basilar comes from the Middle French word basilaire: of or related to the base. In medicine it usually refers to the base or bottom of a body part especially the skull.

BTM is called 'basilar-type' because it was first described in the areas of the brain which receive blood from the basilar artery, which includes most parts of the brain in the posterior fossa and also the brainstem, which are in the lower, back part of the brain (occipital region). But it was later seen that BTM may also affect areas of the brain outside of the areas which receive blood from the basilar artery, and also no proof that problems in the basilar artery are the cause.

References

Migraine

Basilar-type migraine


Cooper University Hospital is a teaching hospital and biomedical research facility located in Camden, New Jersey. The hospital formerly served as a clinical campus of Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Affiliated with Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, the hospital offers training programs for medical students, residents, fellows, nurses, and allied health professionals. In partnership with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Cooper operates a comprehensive cancer center serving patients in New Jersey and the Delaware Valley.

Cooper is affiliated with the Coriell Institute for Medical Research and is a tertiary partner for twenty-one regional hospitals.

History

Cooper University Hospital was established in 1887 by the family of a prominent Quaker physician called Richard M. Cooper. The original hospital had 30 beds and provided health care services to the low-income population of Camden. It slowly grew from a small community hospital into a 635-bed regional tertiary care center. In 1982, it opened a trauma center that remains one of only three state-designated Level I Trauma Centers in New Jersey. It is certified by the American College of Surgeons and serves as the regional trauma center for southern New Jersey counties. It also serves as a resource for Level II Trauma Centers in the South Jersey region. Cooper admits nearly 3000 trauma patients each year, making it the busiest center in New Jersey.

Cooper serves as southern New Jersey's major tertiary-care referral hospital for specialized services and is home to the Bone & Joint Institute, Heart Institute, Neurological Institute and Urological Institute.

In 2010, the hospital launched the first medical evacuation helicopter service in Cumberland County.

In 2012, the American talk show host Kelly Ripa became an official spokesperson for Cooper.

Currently, Cooper stands as one of the largest healthcare providers in the region with over 1.2 million outpatient visits annually and over 7,000 employees. The Cooper Institutes and Centers of Excellence include: The Bone and Joint Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, The Ripa Center for Women's Health and Wellness, The Cooper Heart Institute and Center for Population Health, among many others.

In 2022, a $2 billion expansion of the hospital was announced, which is expected to take about a decade to complete.

MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper

George Norcross, a prominent philanthropist in New Jersey and chairman of the board at Cooper, led the effort to create a new partnership between Cooper University Hospital and the world-renowned MD Anderson Cancer Center. In 2013, the two institutions opened a $100 million free-standing facility that houses comprehensive outpatient cancer services, including medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, gynecologic oncology, and urology. Other resources include a new pathology laboratory, linear accelerator and PET-CT facility. The center offers patients in the Delaware Valley access to MD Anderson's cancer treatment protocols and clinical trials. The MD Anderson Cancer unit at Cooper has 30 inpatient state-of-the-art private rooms on the fifth floor of the Roberts Pavilion.

Cooper University Hospital is one of three co-branded partner institutions of MD Anderson Cancer Center, which also include the Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center in Arizona and MD Anderson International in Spain.
The MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper had over 6,500 new patient visits in 2016.
The Leapfrog Group for Pancreatic Surgery ranks MD Anderson Cooper number one in the state of New Jersey for safety in Pancreatic surgery.

Statistics

In 2016, according to their annual report, Cooper University Hospital had:
 Hospital admissions: 30,573
 Surgical cases: 19,941
 MD Anderson new patient visits: 6,564
 Emergency department visits: 78,270
 Transfer volume to Cooper: 6,034
 Outpatient visits: 1,583,241
 Urgent care visits: 43,433
 Trauma cases: 3,682

Expansion

In June 2004, Cooper University Hospital announced a $220 million expansion to the hospital's Health Sciences Campus that includes a new patient care pavilion attached to the existing facility. Subsequently, plans for the new patient care pavilion were expanded from six floors (211,000 sq ft.) to ten floors (312,000 sq ft.), with the inclusion of additional landscape improvements and patient amenity design features.

Cooper University Hospital's pavilion project is part of the hospital's efforts to create a regional health science campus in Camden, which will also include a new $130 million Academic and Research Building, as well as a stem cell institute, cancer institute, clinical research building, clinical office building and additional off-street parking.

Designed by EwingCole of Philadelphia, the patient pavilion opened in December 2008 and the hospital's orientation was shifted from Haddon Avenue to Martin Luther King Boulevard, as visitors began entering the hospital through the new lobby and utilizing the Camden County Improvement Authority parking, which connects to the hospital via an enclosed walkway.

The hospital is a planned stop on the Glassboro–Camden Line, an  diesel multiple unit (DMU) light rail system projected for completion in 2019, which will connect to the River LINE.

References

External links

Hospital buildings completed in 1887
Buildings and structures in Camden, New Jersey
Hospitals established in 1887
1887 establishments in New Jersey
Teaching hospitals in New Jersey
Rutgers University
Rowan University
Trauma centers

Cooper University Hospital


A Yank on the Burma Road is a 1942 drama film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Laraine Day, Barry Nelson and Keye Luke. It is also known as China Caravan and Yanks on the Burma Road.

It was produced as part of a cluster of Hollywood films set during the Burma campaign of World War II. Although released shortly after America's entry into the conflict, it was largely produced before the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The film's sets were designed by the art director Edwin B. Willis.

Synopsis
A New York taxi driver Joe Tracey attracts public attention by capturing the Spinaldi brothers, two notorious killers, and handing them over to the police. He is then hired by Chinese representatives who want him to take a valuable convoy of medical supplies on the Burma Road from Rangoon to the Republic of China's capital at Chungking. There he meets fellow American Gail Farwood who has been denied permission to travel to Chungking because the British authorities suspect her on account of her German-born pilot husband of being pro-Japanese agent. Tracey agrees to take Gail with him, but is surprised at her attempts to evade the Chinese authorities. Having originally taken the job purely for the money, Tracey is moved by the suffering and resolve he encounters on the way. They come across Gail's husband Tom, in the custody of the Chinese, and agree to take him to Chungking for trial. On the way a fierce battle breaks out between the Japanese attackers and Chinese forces, during which Tom is killed trying to aid the former. The attack is repulsed and the convoy proceeds on its way, news having arrived that America has now entered the war following the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

Reception
The film made $355,000 in the United States and Canada and $197,000 elsewhere, making a profit of $64,000.

Cast

 Laraine Day as Mrs. Gail Farwood
 Barry Nelson as 	Joe Tracey
 Stuart Crawford as 	Tom Farwood
 Keye Luke as 	Kim How
 Victor Sen Yung as 	Wing
 Philip Ahn as 	Dr. Franklin Ling
 Knox Manning as Radio Announcer
 Matthew Boulton as 	Rangoon Aide de camp
 James B. Leong as Guerilla Leader
 Marcelle Corday as Madame Vercheron
 George Magrill as A Spinaldi Brother
 Cy Schindell as A Spinaldi Brother
 Eddy Chandler as 	Police Desk Sergeant Mulvaney
 Cliff Clark as Police Lieutenant
 James Flavin as 	Police Radio Dispatcher
 Luke Chan as Officer
 Richard Loo as 	Commandant
 Allen Jung as Taxi Driver
 Chester Gan as Doctor
 Harry Semels as 	Partner
 Bob Okazaki as 	Japanese Officer
 Eddie Lee as 	Chinese Lieutenant

References

Bibliography
 Selth, Andrew. Burma, Kipling and Western Music: The Riff from Mandalay. Taylor & Francis,  2016.
 Loukides, Paul & Fuller, Linda K. Beyond the Stars: Stock Characters in American Popular Film. Popular Press, 1990.

External links

A Yank on the Burma Road at TCMDB

1942 films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1940s war drama films
American war drama films
World War II films made in wartime
Films set in Myanmar
Trucker films
1940s adventure drama films
American black-and-white films
1940s drama road movies
Films directed by George B. Seitz
Films scored by Lennie Hayton
American adventure drama films
American drama road movies
1942 drama films
1940s English-language films

A Yank on the Burma Road


The Yodokō Guest House was built as the summer villa for the well-to-do brewer of Sakura-Masamune sake, Tazaemon Yamamura, and is the only surviving Frank Lloyd Wright residence in Japan. The guest house was designed in 1918, and construction was completed in 1924.

Set into a hilltop in Ashiya, overlooking the Port of Kobe in western
Japan, the villa demonstrates Wright's genius for spatial composition: although it has four
levels, none is taller than two stories. By stepping the house into the hill, Wright took
advantage of the extraordinary views of Osaka Bay the site offered. The exterior evokes Wright's Los Angeles textile block houses, but its decorative blocks are of Oya stone, not concrete.

In 1947, the house became the property of Yodogawa Steel Works, Ltd., and was used as an official residence for the company president. It was the first Taishō period building in Japan to be named an Important Cultural Property, in 1974. It was opened to the public as Yodokō Guest House in 1989. The building was damaged due to the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995, but was subsequently repaired and has been re-opened.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

External links

Official Site

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses completed in 1924
Important Cultural Properties of Japan
1924 establishments in Japan
Art Deco architecture in Japan

Yodokō Guest House


Ahmad ibn Qudam was the amir of Sistan from c. 919 until 923.

Ahmad rose to power in Sistan after the assassination of Kathir ibn Ahmad in 919. In order to maintain friendly relations with the neighboring Abbasid Caliphate, the new ruler offered to pay tribute that his predecessor had promised to Baghdad. Trouble at home, however, erupted when Muhammad ibn Qasim, the governor of Zabulistan and son-in-law of the murdered Kathir ibn Ahmad, rejected Ahmad's rule and gathered supporters to his side. He marched at the head of an army from Bust and nearly overthrew Ahmad, but was defeated. Muhammad fled to Zabulistan, then returned to Sistan, only to be killed by Ahmad's supporters.

Although Muhammad ibn Qasim had been defeated, Ahmad still had to deal with challenges to his authority. In Bust and Zamindawar a Turkish commander named Toghan opposed Ahmad's authority, prompting the latter to send two expeditions against him. The first failed, but the second defeated and killed Toghan in January 922. Less than nine months later, a plot against Ahmad was carried out in the capital, Zarang. Led by 'Abdallah ibn Ahmad, the citizens of Zarang enthusiastically supported it. Ahmad's wealth and arms were seized by the usurper, and most of Ahmad's supporters deserted him.

Seeing that his cause in Zarang was lost, Ahmad fled the town. Only his Indian personal guards followed him. Ahmad made his way to Bust and al-Rukhkhaj, although he suffered a further setback when the commander of his personal guard left him and joined 'Abdallah b. Ahmad. The latter then planned to take the direct desert route from Zarang to Bust in pursuit of Ahmad, but found that all the wells along the route had been poisoned. Nevertheless, Ahmad was unable to stay ahead of 'Abdallah, who defeated and captured him in battle near Bust on January 17, 923, ending for good Ahmad's term as amir.

References

Bosworth, C.E. The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.

Emirs of Sistan
10th-century monarchs in Asia

Ahmad ibn Qudam


Beornwulf († 826) was a Mercian nobleman who became the King of Mercia. Although not of the Mercian royal family himself he usurped the throne from Ceolwulf in 823. He ruled Mercia until his death three years later.

King of Mercia

Little is known about Beornwulf's family. He played a large part in Ceolwulf I losing the throne in 823. He succeeded Ceolwulf as king in the summer of 823. Beornwulf continued the campaign against Powys started by Coenwulf and his brother Ceolwulf I. By the end of 823 Powys was being controlled by Mercia. By 825 Beornwulf had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex. In 825 Beornwulf invaded Wessex. In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history" Egbert defeated Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellandun. This was the end of the Mercian kings dominating England. Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert of Wessex. Egbert was cautious though. He kew Mercia had a powerful army and did not attack Mercia directly. Instead he instigated the East Anglians to revolt against Beornwulf. When Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia in 826 he was killed in the attempt. He was succeeded by one of his ealdormen, Ludeca of Mercia.

Notes

References

Other websites

 The Kings of Mercia

Year of birth unknown
820s deaths
Kings and Queens of Mercia

Beornwulf of Mercia


David Jonathon Shulkin (born June 22, 1959) is an American physician and politician. Shulkin was the 9th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from February 14, 2017 to March 28, 2018. He served as Under Secretary of Health for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. He was nominated by President Barack Obama on March 18, 2015 and sworn in on July 6, 2015.

On January 11, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he will nominate Shulkin to serve as United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

Early life
Shulkin was born in Highland Park, Illinois. He was raised in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. He studied at Hampshire College and at Drexel University.

Medical career
He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City. He also served as president of Morristown Medical Center and as vice president of Atlantic Health System Accountable Care Organization.

He has been Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University Hospital, and the Medical College of Pennsylvania Hospital.

United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2017–2018)
On January 11, 2017, Shulkin was selected by President-elect Trump as Secretary of Veterans Affairs pending Senate confirmation. Shulkin resigned from a private sector position in 2015 to work in the Department of Veterans Affairs as the undersecretary of health.

On February 13, 2017, the Senate unanimously confirmed Shulkin as the U.S. Secretary of Veteran's Affairs with a 100-0 vote.

For President Trump's address to a Joint Session of Congress on February 28, 2017, Shulkin served as the designated survivor.

In September 2017, The Washington Post revealed that Shulkin spent nearly half his time on a recent international trip to Europe, covered by taxpayers, sightseeing and shopping with his wife, Merle Bari.

On March 28, 2018, President Trump fired Shulkin.

Personal life
Shulkin is married to Merle Bari.

References

Other websites

 Official website

1959 births
Living people
American physicians
United States Secretaries of Veterans Affairs
Independent politicians in the United States
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Politicians from Highland Park, Illinois

David Shulkin


USS Greer (DD–145) was a  in the United States Navy, the first ship named for Rear Admiral James A. Greer (1833–1904). In what became known as the "Greer incident," she became the first US Navy ship to fire on a German ship, three months before the United States officially entered World War II. The incident led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue what became known as his "shoot-on-sight" order. Roosevelt publicly confirmed the "shoot on sight" order on 11 September 1941, effectively declaring naval war against Germany and Italy in the Battle of the Atlantic.

Greer was launched by William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Co., Philadelphia, 1 August 1918; sponsored by Miss Evelina Porter Gleaves, daughter of Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves; and commissioned 31 December 1918.

Service history

1919 to 1941

Greers shake down took her to Azores, from which she rendezvoused with , carrying President Woodrow Wilson home from the Versailles Peace Conference, and escorted her to the United States. After exercises in coastal waters, Greer was assigned to Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland, for duties during a transatlantic flight by four Navy seaplanes, one of which, NC-4, safely completed the historic undertaking. After further training exercises and a European cruise, Greer was assigned to the Pacific Fleet, reaching San Francisco 18 November 1919.

Six months' duty with the Pacific Fleet terminated 25 March 1920, when Greer sailed to join the Asiatic Fleet. After standing by off Shanghai to protect American lives and property during riots there in May, Greer sailed to Port Arthur and Dairen on intelligence missions and returned to Cavite, Philippines, for fleet exercises. The destroyer returned to San Francisco 29 September 1921 via Guam, Midway, and Pearl Harbor. Greer decommissioned at San Diego 22 June 1922, and was placed in reserve.

Greer recommissioned 31 March 1930. Operating with the Battle Fleet, she participated in a variety of exercises along the coast from Alaska to Panama, with an occasional voyage to Hawaii. Transferred to the Scouting Fleet 1 February 1931, she cruised off Panama, Haiti, and Cuba before being attached to the Rotating Reserve from August 1933 to February 1934. Training exercises, battle practice, and plane guard duty filled Greers peacetime routine for the next 2 years. She sailed for the East Coast and duty with the Training Squadron 3 June 1936. After conducting Naval Reserve cruises throughout that summer, Greer sailed for the Philadelphia Navy Yard 28 September and decommissioned there 13 January 1937.

As war swept across Europe, Greer recommissioned 4 October 1939 and joined Destroyer Division 61 as flagship. After patrolling the East Coast and Caribbean, Greer joined the Neutrality Patrol in February 1940. Detached from this duty 5 October, the destroyer patrolled the Caribbean that winter. She joined other American ships on operations in the North Atlantic early in 1941, out of Reykjavík, Iceland, and NS Argentia, Newfoundland. United States ships, as non-belligerents, could not attack Axis submarines; but, as the German High Command stepped up the pace of the war through the summer of 1941, Greer found herself involved in an incident which brought America's entry into the war nearer.

The Greer incident, September 1941
The "Greer incident" occurred 4 September. By all accounts, a German submarine (later identified as ) fired upon the Greer, but made no contact. When news of the encounter reached the United States, public concern ran high. Initial reports reported that a British aircraft aided in repelling the attack.

In response, Germany claimed "that the attack had not been initiated by the German submarine; on the contrary, ... the submarine had been attacked with depth bombs, pursued continuously in the German blockade zone, and assailed by depth bombs until midnight." The communique implied that the US destroyer had dropped the first depth bombs. Germany accused President Roosevelt of "endeavoring with all the means at his disposal to provoke incidents for the purpose of baiting the American people into the war."

The United States Department of the Navy replied that the German claims were inaccurate and that "the initial attack in the engagement was made by the submarine on the Greer." Roosevelt made the Greer incident the principal focus of one of his famed "fireside chats", where he explained a new order he issued as commander-in-chief that escalated America nearer to outright involvement in the European war. In Roosevelt's words:
The Greer was flying the American flag.  Her identity as an American ship was unmistakable.  She was then and there attacked by a submarine.  Germany admits that it was a German submarine. The submarine deliberately fired a torpedo at the Greer, followed by another torpedo attack. In spite of what Hitler's propaganda bureau has invented, and in spite of what any American obstructionist organisation may prefer to believe, I tell you the blunt fact that the German submarine fired first upon this American destroyer without warning, and with the deliberate design to sink her.
Declaring that Germany had been guilty of "an act of piracy," President Roosevelt announced what became known as his "shoot-on-sight" order: that Nazi submarines' "very presence in any waters which America deems vital to its defense constitutes an attack. In the waters which we deem necessary for our defense, American naval vessels and American planes will no longer wait until Axis submarines lurking under the water, or Axis raiders on the surface of the sea, strike their deadly blow—first."  He concluded:
The aggression is not ours.  [Our concern] is solely defense. But let this warning be clear. From now on, if German or Italian vessels of war enter the waters, the protection of which is necessary for American defense, they do so at their own peril. … The sole responsibility rests upon Germany. There will be no shooting unless Germany continues to seek it.

Senator David I. Walsh (Democrat–Massachusetts), isolationist Chair of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, scheduled a committee hearing to unearth the details of the incident, which prompted Admiral Harold R. Stark, Chief of Naval Operations, to issue a written report. Stark's account, made public in October 1941, confirmed that the Greer dropped its charges only after the submarine fired its first torpedo at it, but revealed that the Greer had gone in search of the submarine after its presence was noted by the British aircraft. Admiral Stark's report stated:
At 0840 that morning, Greer, carrying mail and passengers to Iceland, "was informed by a British plane of the presence of a submerged submarine about 10 miles [(16 km)] directly ahead. … Acting on the information from the British plane the Greer proceeded to search for the submarine and at 0920 she located the submarine directly ahead by her underwater sound equipment. The Greer proceeded then to trail the submarine and broadcast the submarine's position. This action, taken by the Greer, was in accordance with her orders, that is, to give out information but not to attack."  The British plane continued in the vicinity of the submarine until 1032, but prior to her departure the plane dropped four depth charges in the vicinity of the submarine.  The Greer maintained [its] contact until about 1248. During this period (three hours 28 minutes),the Greer manoeuvred so as to keep the submarine ahead. At 1240 the submarine changed course and closed the Greer. At 1245 an impulse bubble (indicating the discharge of a torpedo by the submarine) was sighted close aboard the Greer. At 1249 a torpedo track was sighted crossing the wake of the ship from starboard to port, distant about 100 yards [(100 m)] astern. At this time the Greer lost sound contact with the submarine. At 1300 the Greer started searching for the submarine and at 1512 … the Greer made underwater contact with a submarine. The Greer attacked immediately with depth charges.

Stark went on to report that the result of the encounter was undetermined, although most assumed from the German response that the sub had survived. In fact, U-652 had indeed survived and promptly headed west to participate in the devastating U-boat pack attack on convoy SC 42 in early September.

Historian Charles A. Beard would later write that Admiral Stark's report to the Senate Committee "made the President's statement... appear in some respects inadequate, and, in others, incorrect." In his postwar summary of the Stark report, Beard emphasised that (1) the Greer had chased the sub and held contact with the sub for 3 hours and 28 minutes before the sub fired its first torpedo; (2) the Greer then lost contact with the sub, searched, and after re-establishing contact two hours later, attacked immediately with depth charges, then (3) searched for three more hours before proceeding to its destination.

The Stark report's account of how the Greer'''s engagement began caused Pulitzer-prizewinning New York Times reporter Arthur Krock to address it (and the Nazi sub engagements with the Kearny, and the Reuben James) when speaking about "who 'attacked' whom." Krock defined the term "attack" as "an onset, an aggressive initiation of combat, a move which is the antithesis of 'defense.'" "In that definition," he said, "all three of our destroyers attacked the German submarines."

A 2005 book concluded that Senator Walsh's "very aggressive actions in the USS Greer case prevented war from breaking out in the Atlantic."

The episode did not escalate into war because both Hitler and Roosevelt were being very cautious. Hitler concentrated his resources on defeating the Soviet Union, while Roosevelt was building up a broad base of support for aggressive patrols of the North Atlantic.

1941 to 1945Greer remained in the North Atlantic through 1941, shepherding convoys to and from MOMP, the mid-ocean meeting point at which American ships took over escort duties from the hard-pressed Royal Navy. After overhaul at Boston, she turned south 3 March 1942 to resume patrol duty in the Caribbean. In addition to regular escort duties, Greer performed many other tasks, including rescuing 39 victims of German U-boats. In May she stood guard off Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe, trying to keep the Vichy French government from getting  to sea.

Sailing from Guantanamo Bay 23 January 1943, Greer sailed to Boston then headed for the Atlantic convoy duty. Departing NS Argentia, Newfoundland 1 March 1943, she escorted merchantmen for Northern Ireland. During heavy North Atlantic gales, Convoy SC 121 lost seven ships to three separate U-boat attacks before reaching Londonderry Port on 13 March. Greer then escorted 40 merchantmen on the return voyage without incident, and continued on to Hampton Roads 15 April with tanker Chicopee.

After exercises in Casco Bay, Greer departed New York City 11 May with a convoy of 83 ships. Reaching Casablanca, Morocco, 1 June, the destroyer patrolled off the North African port and then recrossed the Atlantic, arriving New York 27 June. After another run to Northern Ireland, Greer returned to New York 11 August.

After steaming to Norfolk, she sailed for the British West Indies 26 August to serve briefly as plane guard to . She rendezvoused with a convoy in the Caribbean and headed for North Africa. Diverted to New York, she docked there 14 September. Routine training exercises turned into tragedy 15 October as Greer collided with  off the mouth of Indian River, Delaware Capes (35 miles (56 km) south-east of Cape May, New Jersey). Moonstone sank in less than 4 minutes, but Greer rescued all the crew but one.

After repairs, the destroyer escorted the Free French cruiser Gloire from New York to Norfolk. Greer sailed 26 December with another Casablanca-bound convoy and after an uneventful crossing returned to Boston 9 February 1944. This was the final transatlantic crossing for the old four-stack destroyer, as she and her sister ships were replaced by newer and faster escorts.

Convoys escorted

Auxiliary service
The veteran destroyer spent the remainder of her long career performing a variety of necessary tasks in American waters. After a tour of submarine training duty at New London, Greer became plane guard for several new aircraft carriers during the summer of 1944. Operating from various New England ports, she served with ,
, , and . Sailing to Key West in February 1945, Greer continued plane guard duty until 11 June when she sailed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard.Greer'' decommissioned 19 July 1945. Her name was stricken from the Navy list 13 August and her hull was sold to the Boston Metal Salvage Company of Baltimore, Maryland on 30 November 1945.

Awards
American Defense Service Medal with "A" device
American Campaign Medal
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one battle star
World War II Victory Medal

As of 2017, no other ship in the United States Navy has borne this name.

References

External links

USS Greer website at Destroyer History Foundation
history.navy.mil: USS Greer
navsource.org: USS Greer

Wickes-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of the United States
Ships built by William Cramp & Sons
1918 ships
Combat incidents

USS Greer


Jerrie Mock (November 22, 1925 – September 30, 2014) was the first woman who flew around the world by herself. She did so in 1964. She flew a single engine Cessna 180. It was named "Spirit of Columbus" and nicknamed "Charlie". The trip began on March 19, 1964 in Columbus, Ohio. It ended on April 17, 1964, also in Columbus. The trip took 29 days.

Mock was born in Newark, Ohio. She was found dead in Quincy, Florida.

Mock flew around the world before Amelia Earhart and by herself.

References

People from Ohio
American aviators
1925 births
2014 deaths

Jerrie Mock


Martine Nida-Rümelin (born 1957 in Munich) is a philosopher.

Biography
Nida-Rümelin studied philosophy, psychology, mathematics and political science at the University of Munich.

In her doctoral thesis, she discusses the knowledge argument, by the Australian philosopher Frank Jackson, which is directed against a materialist conception of phenomenal consciousness. In it she presents one of the most important arguments, which is based on qualia, i.e., individual instances of subjective, conscious experience.

Her transformed version of the Mary's room thought-experiment has been much discussed and coined the "Nida-Rümelin room" by John Perry. In her habilitation she developed a non-reductionist view about the identity of conscious individuals. In 2019, she won the Jean Nicod Prize.

She is the daughter of the sculptor Rolf Nida-Rümelin, the granddaughter of the sculptor Wilhelm Nida-Rümelin and the sister of the philosopher and politician Julian Nida-Rümelin.

Academic career
Since 1999, she has been a professor at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. Her main areas of interest are philosophy of mind, theory of knowledge and philosophy of language. The major part of her published work is concerned with the special status of conscious individuals and aims at developing a non-materialist account which avoids the weaknesses of traditional dualism. Phenomenal consciousness, identity of conscious beings through time and across possible worlds, and the active role of the subject in its doings are central themes of her research. Rational intuitions and phenomenological reflexion play a prominent role in her philosophical approach. Between 2019 and 2022 she was Visiting Professor at the University of Italian Switzerland.

Bibliography
 Farben und phänomenales Wissen. Eine Kritik materialistischer Theorien des Geistes, Conceptus Sonderband, Academia, St. Augustin 1993.
 Der besondere Status von Personen: Eine Anomalie für die Theorie praktischer Rationalität. in: Julian Nida-Rümelin und Ulrike Wessels (Hg.): Praktische Rationalität, de Gruyter, Berlin, 1993, S.143-166.
 Was Mary nicht wissen konnte. Phänomenale Zustände als Gegenstand von Überzeugungen. In Thomas Metzinger (Hg.): Bewußtsein, Beiträge aus der Gegenwartsphilosophie, Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, S.259-282.
 Pseudonormal Vision and Color Qualia, in Stuart Hameroff, Alfred Kaszniak und David Chalmers (Hg.) "Toward a Science of Consciousness III, The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates", MIT Press, 1999, S.75-84.
 Grasping Phenomenal Properties, in Torin Alter & Sven Walter (Hrg.), Phenomenal Belief and Phenomenal Concepts, Oxford University Press, 2004.
 Der Blick von innen. Zur transtemporalen Identität bewusstseinsfähiger Wesen. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main, 2006.
 Dualist Emergentism, in Jonathan Cohen & Brian McLaughlin, Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Mind, Blackwell Publishing.
 Die Person als Autor ihres Tuns. Bemerkungen zur Deutung neurobiologischer Daten, in Adrian Holderegger u.a. (ed.), Hirnforschung und Menschenbild, Fribourg Academic Press, 2008.
 The conceptual origin of subject body dualism, in Annalisa Colliva (ed.), Self and Self-Knowledge, Oxford University Press.

Notes

External links

 Martine Nida-Rümelin auf der Website Universität Freiburg

Academic staff of the University of Fribourg
20th-century German philosophers
21st-century German philosophers
Philosophers of mind
1957 births
Living people
German women philosophers
Philosophers of language
20th-century German women
Jean Nicod Prize laureates

Martine Nida-Rümelin


Sir Jonathan Andrew de Sievrac Stephens, KCB (born 8 February 1960) is a retired British civil servant who was Permanent Secretary at the Northern Ireland Office between 2014 and 2020, and the Permanent Secretary of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport between 2006 and 2013. On his retirement, he was replaced as Permanent Secretary of the Northern Ireland Office by Madeleine Alessandri.

Personal life
Stephens was born in 1960 in Bromley, Kent, the son of Prescot and Peggy (née Pike) Stephens. He was educated at Sevenoaks School, and Christ Church, Oxford, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. He and his wife, Rev Penny Stephens, whom he married in 1983, have two children, Benjamin and Eleanor.

Career
Stephens joined the Civil Service in the Northern Ireland Office in 1983, being promoted through various grades before transferring to the Cabinet Office as Director of Modernising Public Service in 2000. In 2001, he was seconded to HM Treasury where he rose to be managing director of Public Services 2004–06, replacing Sir Nicholas Macpherson.

In 2006, Stephens was appointed Permanent Secretary of DCMS to replace Dame Sue Street on her retirement. During his time at the DCMS, he oversaw the organisation of major events, including 2012 Olympic Games and 2012 Paralympic Games in London, and the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

From September 2013 to May 2014, Stephens worked as a reviewer at HM Treasury, and joined the Northern Ireland Office as Permanent Secretary in June 2014. As of 2015, Stephens was paid a salary of between £155,000 and £159,999 by DCLG, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.

Public Accounts Committee
On 26 April 2012, Stephens appeared before the Public Accounts Committee at the House of Commons, where he was asked 10 times by Margaret Hodge MP about whether he knew that Adam Smith, a special adviser to Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt, was acting as a liaison between his department and media owner Rupert Murdoch. Stephens refused to disclose any information about his knowledge or authorisation of the role.

Honours
Stephens was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2013 Birthday Honours for public service, especially to the Olympic Games in London.

Offices held

References

1960 births
Living people
People from Bromley
People educated at Sevenoaks School
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British civil servants
Civil servants in HM Treasury
Civil servants in the Northern Ireland Office
Civil servants in the Cabinet Office
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Culture, Media and Sport
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland

Jonathan Stephens


The Right Reverend Owen Francis Swindlehurst (10 May 1928 – 28 August 1995) was Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle and Titular Bishop of Cuncacestre under Bishops Hugh Lindsay and Ambrose Griffiths from 1977 until his death.

Born at Newburn, he studied in Rome and was  ordained to the priesthood on 11 July 1954, aged 26. On 10 June 1977, aged 49, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle by Pope Paul VI, and nominated to the titular see of Cuncacestre (St Cuthbert's or Chester-le-Street). He was consecrated on 25 July 1977 at St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne. Together with retiring Bishop Hugh Lindsay he acted as one of the principal co-consecrating bishops at the Episcopal Ordination of Abbot Ambrose Griffiths, who became the twelfth Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle.

Bishop Swindlehurst died on 28 August 1995, aged 67, and was buried at Our Blessed Lady Immaculate, Washington, Tyne and Wear. He had been a priest for 41 years and a bishop for 18 years.

External links
Catholic Hierarchy biodata
Order of St. Benedict
St. Mary's Cathedral - Former Bishops

1928 births
1995 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
20th-century Roman Catholic titular bishops
English College, Rome alumni

Owen Swindlehurst


Station Sviyazhsk - Gorky Railway Station in Sviyazhsk. Enters into the Department of Railway Stations, a subsidiary of Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways".

The station is located on the Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg at a distance of 752 km from Moscow. From the station to the south line goes in Buinsk and going to the Kuibyshev Railway - in Ulyanovsk.

The station is located on the right bank of the Volga River at the intersection with the highway M7 (in this case prior to 1998). Until the mid-1990s lower Volga, there was no road bridge, so between the station and the station Sviyazhsk Zeleonyj Dol, located on the left bank, went to the so-called "Rainbow" - the train from the platform, carrying a car from one coast to another.

Railway stations in Tatarstan
Gorky Railway
Cultural heritage monuments in Tatarstan

Sviyazhsk railway station


The Catholic League of France (), sometimes referred to by contemporary (and modern) Catholics as the Holy League (), was a major participant in the French Wars of Religion. The League, founded and led by Henry I, Duke of Guise, intended the eradication of Protestantism from Catholic France, as well as the replacement of the French King Henry III, who had acquiesced to Protestant worship in the Edict of Beaulieu (1576). The League also fought against Henry of Navarre, the Protestant prince who became presumptive heir to the French throne in 1584.

Pope Sixtus V, Philip II of Spain, and the Jesuits were all supporters of this Catholic party.

Origins

Local confraternities were initially established by French Catholics to counter the Edict of Beaulieu in 1576. King Henry III placed himself at the head of these associations as a counter-balance to the ultra-Catholic League of Peronne. Following the repudiation of that edict by the Estates General, most of the local leagues were disbanded.

In June 1584, the illness and death of Henry III's heir François, Duke of Anjou made the Protestant Henry of Navarre the new heir presumptive under Salic law. Faced with the prospect of a Protestant king, Catholic nobles gathered at Nancy in December 1584, and the League drew up a treaty with Philip II's ambassadors at Joinville. Following this agreement, the Catholic confraternities and leagues were united as the Catholic League under the leadership of Henry I, Duke of Guise.

The Catholic League aimed to preempt any seizure of power by the Huguenots, who made up nearly half of the French nobility, and to protect French Catholics' right to worship. The Catholic League's cause was fueled by the doctrine Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus. It feared that the House of Valois would weaken the Catholic position by attempting to appease the Huguenots.

The League was also inspired by the writings of the English Catholic refugee Richard Verstegan, who published accounts of the suffering of English, Welsh, and Irish Catholic Martyrs under the Protestant monarchy of England. To the fury of the English Court, Verstegan's books, including Theatrum crudelitatum Hæreticorum nostri temporis (1587), made the whole of Catholic Europe aware of the religious persecution under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I. In 1588, Verstegan was briefly imprisoned by Henri III at the insistence of the English Ambassador Sir Francis Walsingham, but soon released at the insistence of the Catholic League and the Papal Nuncio.

By this time "the League in Paris had fallen from its first ideals into mere partisanship", and the Duke of Guise increasingly used it not only to defend the Catholic cause, but as a political tool in an attempt to usurp the French throne.

Catholic Leaguers saw their fight against Calvinism (the primary branch of Protestantism in France) as a Crusade against heresy and to defend French Catholics from Elizabethan-style persecution. The League's pamphleteers blamed any natural disaster as God's way of punishing France for tolerating heretics.

Both the League and the hardline Calvinists scorned Henry III's attempts to mediate peaceful coexistence between Catholics and Protestants. The League also opposed the pragmatic French jurists and intellectuals known as Politiques, who recoiled from the murderous sectarian loathing and sought a strong monarchy to rise above religious differences.

History

The League immediately began to exert pressure on King Henry III and his heir Henry of Navarre. Faced with this mounting opposition, the King canceled the Peace of La Rochelle, re-criminalizing Protestantism and beginning a new chapter in the French Wars of Religion. However, Henry III also feared the growing power of the Duke of Guise, the head of the Catholic League. On the Day of the Barricades, Henry III was forced to flee Paris, leaving Guise as de facto ruler of France. To recover the King's position, on 23 December 1588 royal guardsmen assassinated the Duke and his brother Louis II, while the Duke's son Charles of Lorraine was imprisoned in the Bastille.

This move did little to consolidate the King's power and enraged both the surviving Guises and their followers. The King again fled Paris to join Henry of Navarre, and began building an army to besiege the capital.

On 1 August 1589, as the two Henrys sat before the city preparing for their final assault, Jacques Clément, a Dominican lay brother with ties to the League and enraged by the killing of the Duke,  infiltrated the King's entourage dressed as a priest, and assassinated him. As he lay dying, the King begged Henry of Navarre to convert to Catholicism, calling it the only way to prevent further bloodshed. The King's death threw the army into disarray and Henry of Navarre was forced to lift the siege.

Although Henry of Navarre was now the legitimate King of France, the League's armies forced him to retreat south. Using arms and military advisors provided by Queen Elizabeth I of England, he achieved several military victories. However, he was unable to overcome the superior forces of the League, which commanded the loyalty of most Frenchmen and had the support of Philip II of Spain. On 21 November 1589 the League attempted to declare the Cardinal of Bourbon, Henry's uncle, as king Charles X of France. However, the Cardinal was under guard by Henry's men, and he refused to usurp the throne from his nephew; he died in May 1590.

The Catholic jurist and poet Jean de La Ceppède, a Politique supporter of  Henry of Navarre, was arrested in 1589 when Aix-en-Provence fell to the League's armies. After a failed attempt to escape disguised as a shoemaker, he was released on the orders of an admirer who was a senior member of the League.

In the estates general of 1593, the League was unable even to unite behind a single candidate for the French throne, splitting between several candidates including the Spanish princess Isabella. The League's position was further weakened, but they still securely held Paris. The stalemate was finally ended when Henry of Navarre was received into the Catholic Church on 25 July 1593, and was welcomed into Paris as King Henry IV on 27 February 1594.

The Catholic League, now lacking the threat of a Calvinist king, continued to disintegrate. The last remaining senior leader of the League was Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, who, with Spanish backing, was also fighting to restore the political independence of the Duchy of Brittany under his own rule.

With reinforcements sent from England, King Henry at last marched against the Duke of Mercœur in person, but instead received his submission, as the last remaining military leader of the Catholic League, at Angers on 20 March 1598. King Henry IV then assured his dynasty's future inheritance of Brittany by arranging the marriage of his illegitimate son, César Duc de Vendôme, to Mercœur's daughter Francoise. In April 1598, the King issued the Edict of Nantes, granting religious toleration and limited autonomy to the Huguenots, while retaining the Catholic Church in France as the Established Church of the realm, and finally ended the civil war.

Assessment
Historian Mack Holt argues that historians have sometimes overemphasised the political role of the League at the expense of its religious and devotional character:

References

Sources

Counter-Reformation
History of Catholicism in France
Religion in the Ancien Régime
1576 establishments in France
French Wars of Religion

Catholic League (French)


Horn can mean several things:

Horn (anatomy), something some animals have on their heads
Horn (musical instrument)
A car has a horn on the steering wheel to warn people of danger.

Places
Horn, Switzerland, a place in Switzerland
Horn of Africa, a peninsula in East Africa

Basic English 850 words

Horn


Cyblade is the name of Image Universe superhero from Top Cow Productions. She is a member of Cyberforce.

Publication history
After her initial appearances in other comics, Cyblade was one of two properties to win the first Pilot Season in 2007, meaning Cyblade would appear in her own eponymous mini-series. The one-shot was written by Joshua Hale Fialkov, with art by Rick Mays, and the creative team stayed together for the mini-series. The series ran for a total of four issues, from October 2008 to March 2009.

Fictional character biography
Only fragments of Cyblade's past are known. Dominique Thiebaut was born in the fictional European country of Chalenne, supposedly somewhere near France. Her great-grandfather, Aubrey II, was the last king of Chalenne, and his only child was a daughter, Marie. Marie wed Col. Jean-Michel Thiebaut, who with Aubrey II's blessing became the first Prime Minister of the new democracy of Chalenne. The couple had two children, Alexander, who died of fever at age seven, and Patrick, Dominique's father. Patrick Thiebaut was less moral than his forebears, and more interested in money and power. He married a shy young woman named Claire, and the marriage was neither happy nor idyllic. She gave birth quickly, to a son whom they named Michel. Two years later, Claire died in childbirth with Dominique Aurore Marie Thiebaut.

In her early years, Dominique was spoiled and pampered. Her mutant powers manifested when she was attacked by gunmen at school. Many years later, her father and brother met with violent ends, which Dominique blames herself for not preventing. After their deaths, Dominique left Chalenne, and traveled the world as a freelancer. She studied to become a doctor, while simultaneously joining with freedom fighters in the Middle East. Eventually, she grew unhappy and ended both her role in the Middle Eastern conflicts and her studies to become a doctor. Eventually approached by Cyberdata, she joined them, and was transformed into the cyborg Cyblade. Her tenure as a Special Hazardous Operations Cyborg (SHOC) lasted until Dr. Corben, Heatwave, and Stryker left Cyberdata to form Cyberforce, which she joined as well. Dr. Corben revealed to her the atrocities she had committed while under the control of Cyberdata, which was done through a brain box. Being appalled at her past, she developed further trust in the doctor, allowing him to remove the device. She amassed a small personal fortune, both before and after her tenure as a SHOC.

Devil's Reign
During Heatwave's disappearance, Cyblade stepped up as leader, starting by organizing Cyberforce against an attack against a group of possessed teenagers. After they were dealt with, she found herself separated from her group and in the company of Elektra in Las Vegas. They travelled into the city intending to kill the 'Fire King' who was running the place for Mephisto. However, when she discovered this was actually Heatwave, she stopped Elektra and was captured as a result. She later succeeded in convincing Heatwave to turn against Mephisto.

Royal Blood
In Issue #34, Dominique's resurrected brother Michel informed her that their father had sold many of the people of Chalenne to Cyberdata, and that the corporation had not granted them powers, but merely enhanced and activated latent meta-human powers within each of the SHOCS.

Cyberforce/X-Men
It was further hinted that the Cyberforce characters were mutants or "meta-humans" in the X-Men/Cyberforce one-shot comic, which united the two most glaringly similar pairs of characters in the X-Men/Cyberforce universes, Wolverine and Ripclaw, and Psylocke and Cyblade. The crossover introduces Ripclaw and Cyblade to two Marvel villain staples, The Hand ninjas and the Sentinels, and takes place in Japan. With the two members of Cyberforce captured by the Sentinels, a wandering Wolverine and Psylocke locate and free the two meta-humans, then both teams destroy the Sentinels.

Rising From the Ashes
With the relaunch of Cyberforce in 2006, Cyblade is again shown in her role as commander, though she steps down for the resurrected Heatwave.

Powers and abilities
Cyblade has the mutant ability to create and manipulate electromagnetic energy from her fingers, where she can manipulate them in to varying functions such as blades. She can psionically control this power at any distance from herself, as long as the target is within her line of sight. Her only limitation is that the power dissipates as it travels through the air. Her blades generate heat up to 5000°C, so they are able to cut through many materials. Cyblade has also had years of martial arts training, and she is adept at the disciplines of Aikido and Jeet Kun Do. Her powers can vary between controlled blades and projectile discharges, dependent on artistic discretion and license. She is also an expert swordswoman, martial artist, and tactician, owing to her upbringing.

Bibliography

Solo series
 Cyblade #1-4 (October 2008 - March 2009)

Crossover series
 Cyblade/Shi one-shot (Jan 1995)
 Cyber Force Origins: Cyblade #1 (Jan 1995)
 Shi/Cyblade: The Battle for Independents (1995)
 Cyblade/Ghost Rider one-shot (Feb 1997)
 Elektra/Cyblade (1997)

References

External links

Characters created by Marc Silvestri
Comic martial artists
Comics characters introduced in 1992
Cyber Force characters
Female soldier and warrior characters in comics
Fictional aikidoka
Fictional blade and dart throwers
Fictional characters with electric or magnetic abilities
Fictional cyborgs
Fictional female martial artists
Fictional female swordfighters
Fictional Jeet Kune Do practitioners
Fictional knife-fighters
Fictional mercenaries in comics
Fictional mutants
Fictional swordfighters in comics
Image Comics female superheroes
Top Cow titles

Cyblade


Jay Williams (born 4 October 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for  club Crawley Town.

Club career
Williams joined Northampton Town at the age of 13 and went onto progress through the youth ranks, before making his first-team debut during their EFL Trophy tie against Wycombe Wanderers, featuring for the entire 90 minutes.

He made his league debut in a 5–0 away win to Macclesfield Town coming off of the bench to replace Sam Foley in the 73rd minute. He went on to play a vital part in the rest of that season racking up 14 appearances in total.

In November 2020, Williams signed for National League North club Kettering Town.

On 7 January 2021, Williams signed for League Two side Harrogate Town.

Following on from his release from Harrogate, he dropped down three divisions to sign for Southern Football League Premier Division Central side AFC Rushden & Diamonds. He made the switch to divisional rivals Banbury United in October 2021 and extended his stay in December when he signed a contract until the end of the season. He was part of the team that were crowned champions in the 2021–22 season.

In June 2023, Williams signed for National League North rivals Brackley Town. On 18 July 2023 however, he signed for League Two club Crawley Town on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee.

Career statistics

Hounours
Harrogate Town
FA Trophy: 2019–20

Notes

References

External links
Profile at Aylesbury United

2000 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Southern Football League players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
Harrogate Town A.F.C. players
AFC Rushden & Diamonds players
Banbury United F.C. players
Brackley Town F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Footballers from Northampton

Jay Williams (footballer)


Exit is a magazine that was co-founded in 2000 by editor/photographer Stephen Toner and art director Mark Jubber.

The premier issue of Exit, featuring more than 100 pages of art, fashion and landscape photography, went on to receive industry acclaim.

We publish work that not only represents the true face of photography but also demonstrates how photographers want to be perceived in an industry that rarely affords them the opportunity. (Stephen Toner

Contributors
Photographers who have produced work for Exit include Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, Juergen Teller, Terry Richardson, Richard Prince, Klaus Thymann, Philip-Lorca diCorcia, Gregory Crewdson, Paul Graham, Martin Parr, Stephen Shore, William Eggleston and Wim Wenders.

Achievements
At the 2002 Magazine Design Awards, Exit won two awards for Consumer Front Cover of the Year, described by the judges as "bold, minimalist and striking" and Best Use of Photography. Exit went on to win the award for Best Use of Photography again in 2003.

In 2000, Creative Review awarded their Creative Future for Editorial Design to Exit's art director Mark Jubber.

References

External links

2000 establishments in the United Kingdom
Biannual magazines published in the United Kingdom
Fashion magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 2000
Photography in the United Kingdom
Photography magazines
Visual arts magazines published in the United Kingdom

Exit (magazine)


[[File:A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, 1849.jpg|thumb|A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers title page, 1849]]A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) is a book by American writer Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862). It recounts his experience on a boat trip with his brother on the Concord River and Merrimack River.

OverviewA Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers is ostensibly the narrative of a boat trip from Concord, Massachusetts to Concord, New Hampshire, and back, that Thoreau took with his brother John in 1839. John died of tetanus in 1842 and Thoreau wrote the book, in part, as a tribute to his memory. While the book may appear to be a travel journal, broken up into chapters for each day, this is deceptive. The actual trip took two weeks and while given passages are a literal description of the journey — down the Concord River to the Middlesex Canal, to the Merrimack River, and back — much of the text is in the form of digressions by the Harvard-educated author on diverse topics such as religion, poetry, and history. Thoreau relates these topics to his own life experiences, often in the context of the rapid changes taking place in his native New England during the Industrial Revolution, changes that Thoreau often laments.

Composition and publication history
On July 4, 1845, Henry David Thoreau moved to a small home he assembled at Walden Pond and lived there for two years, two months, and two days. During his time there, he completed the first draft of A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. He was unable to find a publisher, however, and therefore had it printed at his own expense. Published in 1849, it was Thoreau's first book and it cost him several hundred dollars, though only 219 copies sold. By 1853, the printer refused to store the unsold copies and returned 706 of them to Thoreau, who noted at the time, "I have now a library of nearly nine hundred volumes, over seven hundred of which I wrote myself".

In 1842, Thoreau sold the Musketaquid, the boat he used for his journey, to Nathaniel Hawthorne for $7 and a rowing lesson. Hawthorne, then living at The Old Manse, renamed the boat Pond Lily but was disappointed he was not able to operate the boat as easily as Thoreau, for whom it seemed "as docile as a trained steed". A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers was one of several nonfiction works inspired by nature and travel written by New England transcendalists, including Ralph Waldo Emerson's Nature (1836) and Margaret Fuller's Summer on the Lakes (1844).

A slightly revised version of A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, based on corrections Thoreau had made himself, was published in 1868, six years after his death.

Reception and influence
It received only two reviews. The Athenæum described it as one of the "worst offshoots of Carlyle and Emerson." The Westminster Review also took issue with its style, though in all felt that "the book is an agreeable book." Thoreau had sent a copy to James Anthony Froude, who wrote back, "In your book . . . I see hope for the coming world."

An 1853 short story by Herman Melville, "Cock-A-Doodle-Doo!", is interpreted as a satire of Thoreau's book.L. J. Budd and E. H. Cady, On Melville: The Best from American Literature (Duke University Press, 1988), p. 116.

The French composer Robert Piéchaud (born 1969) wrote The River (2016), a wind quintet which freely follows Thoreau's work. An additional voice part is found in the last movement, setting All Things Are Current Found'', the last poem of the book.

John McPhee recreated Thoreau's journey in a canoe starting August 31, 2003, and wrote about it in "Paddling After Henry David Thoreau".

References

External links

1849 non-fiction books
Books by Henry David Thoreau