Herman "Junior" Parker (March 27, 1932November 18, 1971) was an American blues singer and musician. He is best remembered for his voice which has been described as "honeyed" and "velvet-smooth".  One music journalist noted, "For years, Junior Parker deserted down home harmonica blues for uptown blues-soul music".
In 2001, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. Parker is also inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame.

Life and career
There is some disagreement over the details of Parker's birth, but most reliable sources now indicate that he was born in March, 1932 at Eastover Plantation near Bobo, Coahoma County, Mississippi. He moved with his mother to West Memphis, Arkansas, during the 1940s. Other birth dates in 1927 or 1932 have been suggested, and some research suggests that his name at birth was registered as Herbert Parker.

He sang in gospel groups as a child and, beginning in his teenage years, played on various blues circuits. His biggest influence as a harmonica player was Rice Miller a.k.a. Sonny Boy Williamson, with whom he worked before moving on to work for Howlin' Wolf in 1949.  Around 1950, he began performing with a coalition of performers in Memphis known as the Beale Streeters, which included Bobby "Blue" Bland and B.B. King.

In 1951, Parker formed his own band, the Blue Flames, with guitarist Pat Hare. In 1952, Parker was discovered by talent scout Ike Turner for Modern Records. Turner recorded his first release, "You're My Angel"/"Bad Women, Bad Whiskey," with Turner playing piano and Matt "Guitar" Murphy on guitar. This record brought him to the attention of Sam Phillips, and he and his band signed with Sun Records in 1953. There they produced three successful songs with Matt's brother Floyd on electric guitar: "Feelin' Good" (which reached number 5 on the US Billboard R&B chart), "Love My Baby," and "Mystery Train", a cover version of which was recorded by Elvis Presley. For Presley's version of "Mystery Train", Scotty Moore borrowed the guitar riff from Parker's "Love My Baby", played by Pat Hare.  "Love My Baby" and "Mystery Train" became rockabilly standards.

Bland was drafted into the US Army in 1952 and was discharged in 1955.

Later in 1955, Parker toured with Bobby Bland and Johnny Ace, and also joined Duke Records. Parker and Bland headed the highly successful Blues Consolidated Revue, which regularly performed on the southern blues circuit. He continued to have a string of hits on the R&B chart, including the smooth "Next Time You See Me" (1957); remakes of Roosevelt Sykes's song "Driving Wheel" (1961), "Annie Get Your Yo-Yo" (1962), Robert Johnson's "Sweet Home Chicago", Guitar Slim's "The Things That I Used to Do" (1963), and Don Robey's "Mother-in-Law Blues" (1956), plus his own "Stand by Me" (1961).

His success was limited after he left Duke in 1966. He recorded for various labels, including Mercury, Blue Rock, Minit, and Capitol. His final chart hit came in 1971 with "Drowning on Dry Land" on Capitol, which peaked at number 48 on the Billboard R&B chart.

Death
Parker died on November 18, 1971, at age 39, in Blue Island, Illinois, during surgery for a brain tumor. His next album was released by United Artists Records in 1972, titled I Tell Stories Sad and True, I Sing the Blues and Play Harmonica Too, It Is Very Funky. Reviewing it in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said, "Once a big man on the blues circuit, Parker was turning into the forgotten Beale Streeter by the time he died ... and this is a respectful farewell... Never as penetrating as B.B. or Bobby, Parker smooths his way over the arrangements with the calm of a man who was mellow before the concept existed, at least in its present deracinated form. Highlight: the sad, true story that goes with 'Funny How Time Slips Away.'"

Legacy
On the 1974 album ...Explores Your Mind, Al Green dedicated his song "Take Me to the River" to Parker, whom he described in the song's spoken introduction as "a cousin of mine who's gone on, and we'd kinda like to carry on in his name".

In 2001, Parker was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. He is also inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame.

In 2011, Parker was honored with a marker on the Mississippi Blues Trail in Bobo.

Discography

Albums
 Blues Consolidated, 1958 (Duke DLP-72)
 Driving Wheel, 1962 (Duke DLP-76)
 The Best of Junior Parker, 1967 (Duke DLP-83)
 Like It Is, 1967 (Mercury SR 61101) also issued as Baby Please, 1967 (Wing SRW-16401)
 Honey-Drippin' Blues, 1969 (Blue Rock SRB-64004)
 Little Jr. Parker: Blues Man, 1969 (Minit 24024)
 Jimmy McGriff/Junior Parker [AKA Chicken Fried Soul], 1971 (United Artists UAS-5597) also issued as Jimmy McGriff with Junior Parker, 1972 (United Artists UAS-6814) - live recording
 You Don't Have to Be Black to Love the Blues, 1971 (Groove Merchant GM-502) also issued in 1972 as Blue Shadows Falling for the UK market.
 Love Ain't Nothin' but a Business Goin' On, 1971 (Groove Merchant GM-513) reissue of The Outside Man, 1970 (Capitol ST-564)
The Dudes Doin' Business, 1970 (Capitol ST-569) also issued as Good Things Don't Happen Every Day (with Jimmy McGriff), 1972 (Groove Merchant GM-2205)
 I Tell Stories Sad and True, I Sing the Blues and Play Harmonica Too, It Is Very Funky, 1972 (United Artists UAS-6823)
 Sometimes Tomorrow My Broken Heart Will Die, 1973 (ABC/Bluesway BLS-6066)

Compilations
 The ABC Collection, 1976 (ABC Records AC-30010), compilation of Duke singles
 Junior's Blues: The Duke Recordings, Vol. 1, 1992 (MCA 10669), recorded 1951–1964
 Backtracking: The Duke Recordings, Vol. 2, 1998 (MCA 11786), recorded 1953–1966
 I'm So Satisfied: The Complete Mercury & Blue Rock Recordings, 1998 (Mercury 558549), recorded 1966–1969
 The Chronological Little Junior Parker 1952–1955, 2006 (Classics 'Blues & Rhythm Series' 5167)
 Ride With Me, Baby: The Singles 1952–1961, 2012 (Fantastic Voyage FVDD-138), 2-CD set

Other Appearances
1966: Freedom Together! with Jaki Byard (Prestige)
1976: Sun – The Roots Of Rock, Volume 1: Catalyst (Charly)
1984: Sun's Greatest Hits (Rhino)
1991: The Ultimate Sun Blues Collection (Disky)
1992: The Best Of The Blues Singers, Vol. III (LRC Records)
2006: Children Of Men / Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (Hip-O Records)

Singles
 "You're My Angel" / "Bad Women, Bad Whiskey", Little Junior Parker & His Blue Flames, with Ike Turner, 1952 (Modern 864)
 "Feelin' Good" / "Fussin'  and Fightin' Blues", Little Junior's Blue Flames, 1953 (Sun 187), R&B #5
 "Love My Baby" / "Mystery Train", Little Junior's Blue Flames, 1953 (Sun 192)
 "Dirty Friend Blues" / "Can't Understand", Little Junior Parker with Bill Johnson's Blue Flames, 1954 (Duke 120)
 "Please Baby Blues" / "Sittin', Drinkin' and Thinkin'", Little Junior Parker with Bill Johnson's Blue Flames, 1954 (Duke 127)
 "Backtracking" / "I Wanna Ramble", Little Junior Parker & the Blue Flames Orchestra, 1955 (Duke 137)
 "Driving Me Mad" / "There Better Not Be No Feet (in Them Shoes)", Little Junior Parker & His Orchestra, 1955 (Duke 147)
 "Mother-in-Law Blues" / "That's My Baby", Little Junior Parker with Bill Harvey's Band, 1956 (Duke 157)
 "Next Time You See Me" / "My Dolly Bee", Little Junior Parker with Bill Harvey's Band, 1957 (Duke 164), Pop #74, R&B #7
 "That's Alright" / "Pretty Baby", Little Junior Parker and His Combo, 1957 (Duke 168)
 "Peaches" / "Pretty Little Doll", Little Junior Parker with Al Smith's Orchestra, 1957 (Duke 177)
 "Wondering" / "Sitting and Thinking", Little Junior Parker & His Band, 1958 (Duke 184)
 "Barefoot Rock" / "What Did I Do", Little Junior Parker & His Band, 1958 (Duke 193)
 "Sweet Home Chicago" / "Sometimes", Little Junior Parker & His Band, 1958 (Duke 301), R&B #13
 "I'm Holding On" / "Five Long Years", Little Junior Parker & His Band, 1959 (Duke 306), R&B #13
 "Stranded" / "Blue Letter", Little Junior Parker & His Band, 1959 (Duke 309)
 "Dangerous Woman" / "Belinda Marie", Little Junior Parker, 1959 (Duke 315)
 "You're on My Mind" / "The Next Time", Little Junior Parker & His Band, 1960 (Duke 317)
 "That's Just Alright" / "I'll Learn to Love Again", Little Junior Parker, 1960 (Duke 326)
 "Stand by Me" / "I'll Forget About You", Little Junior Parker, 1960 (Duke 330), R&B #11
 "Driving Wheel" / "Seven Days", Junior Parker, 1961 (Duke 335), Pop #85, R&B #5
 "In the Dark", R&B #7 / "How Long Can This Go On", R&B #28, Little Junior Parker, 1961 (Duke 341)
 "Annie Get Your Yo-Yo" / "Mary Jo", Little Junior Parker, 1961 (Duke 345), Pop #51, R&B #6
 "I Feel Alright Again" / "Sweeter as the Days Go By", Little Junior Parker, 1961 (Duke 351)
 "Someone Somewhere" / "Foxy Devil", Little Junior Parker, 1962 (Duke 357)
 "It's a Pity" / "Last Night", Little Junior Parker, 1963 (Duke 362)
 "If You Don't Love Me" / "I Can't Forget About You", Junior Parker, 1963 (Duke 364)
 "Yonders Wall" / "The Tables Have Turned", Junior Parker, 1963 (Duke 367)
 "Strange Things Happening" / "I'm Gonna Stop", Little Jr. Parker, 1964 (Duke 371), Pop #99, R&B #26
 "The Things I Used to Do" / "That's Why I'm Always Crying", Junior Parker, 1964 (Duke 376)
 "Jivin' Woman" / "I'm in Love", Junior Parker, 1964 (Duke 384)
 "Crying for My Baby" / "Guess You Don't Know (The Golden Rule)", Junior Parker, 1965 (Duke 389), R&B #36
 "These Kind of Blues, Part 1" / "These Kind of Blues, Part 2", Junior Parker, 1965 (Duke 394)
 "Goodbye Little Girl" / "Walking the Floor Over You", Junior Parker, 1966 (Duke 398)
 "Get Away Blues" / "Why Do You Make Me Cry", Junior Parker, 1966 (Duke 406)
 "Man or Mouse" / "Wait for Another Day", Junior Parker, 1966 (Duke 413), R&B #27
 "Just Like a Fish" / "Baby, Please", Junior Parker, 1967 (Mercury 72620)
 "You Can Make It if You Try" / "(Ooh Wee Baby) That's the Way You Make Me Feel", Junior Parker, 1967 (Mercury 72651)
 "Country Girl" / "Sometimes I Wonder", Junior Parker, 1967 (Mercury 72672)
 "I Can't Put My Finger on It" / "If I Had Your Love", Junior Parker, 1967 (Mercury 72699), R&B #48
 "Hurtin' Inside" / "What a Fool I Was", Junior Parker, 1967 (Mercury 72733)
 "It Must Be Love" / "Your Love's All over Me", Junior Parker, 1968 (Mercury 72793)
 "Lover to Friend" / "I Got Money", Junior Parker, 1968 (Blue Rock/Mercury 4064)
 "Lovin' Man on Your Hands" / "Reconsider Baby", Jr. Parker, 1968 (Blue Rock/Mercury 4067)
 "I'm So Satisfied" / "Ain't Gon' Be No Cutting Aloose", Junior Parker, 1969 (Blue Rock/Mercury 4080), R&B #48
 "You Can't Keep a Good Woman Down" / "Easy Lovin'", Junior Parker, 1969 (Blue Rock/Mercury 4088)
 "Worried Life Blues" / "Let the Good Times Roll", Little Jr. Parker, 1969 (Minit 32080), R&B #34
 "The Outside Man" / "Darling Depend on Me", Junior Parker, 1970 (Capitol 2857)
 "Lady Madonna" / "Tomorrow Never Knows", Junior Parker, 1970 (Capitol 2951)
 "Drowning on Dry Land" / "River's Invitation", Junior Parker, 1971 (Capitol 2997), Pop #114, R&B #48
 "Way Back Home" / "Sweet Home Chicago", Junior Parker, 1971 (Groove Merchant 1002)
 "I Like Your Style" / "I Need Love So Bad", Junior Parker, 1971 (Groove Merchant 1004)
 "Love Ain't Nothin' but a Business Goin' On" / "A Losing Battle", Junior Parker, 1971 (Groove Merchant 1010)
 "I Need Love So Bad" / "Pretty Baby", Jimmy McGriff & Junior Parker, 1971 (United Artists 50826)
 "Funny How Time Slips Away" / "No-One Knows (What Goes on When the Door Is Closed)", Junior Parker, 1971 (United Artists 50855)
 "Your Love Is All over Me" / "You Better Quit It" (instrumental), Junior Parker, 1974 (Jetstream 818)

Unissued singles

 1953: "Feelin' Bad", Little Junior's Blue Flames (Sun unissued master)
 1954: "Sittin' at the Bar", Little Junior's Blue Flames (Sun unissued master)
 1954: "Sittin' at the Window", Little Junior's Blue Flames (Sun unissued master)
 1954: "Sittin', Drinkin' and Thinkin'", Little Junior's Blue Flames (Sun unissued master)
 1955: "Can You Tell Me, Baby", Little Junior Parker & His Orchestra (Duke unissued master)
 1955: "Bachelor's Blues", Little Junior Parker & His Orchestra (Duke unissued master)

References

1932 births
1971 deaths
Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi
Memphis blues musicians
American blues singers
Blues musicians from Mississippi
Deaths from brain cancer in the United States
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Soul-blues musicians
Sun Records artists
Duke Records artists
Charly Records artists
Mercury Records artists
Capitol Records artists
Minit Records artists
Modern Records artists
Mississippi Blues Trail
20th-century African-American male singers

Junior Parker


Big Top Pee-wee is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Randal Kleiser. A stand-alone sequel to Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), the film stars Paul Reubens as Pee-wee Herman with Susan Tyrrell, Kris Kristofferson, Penelope Ann Miller, and Valeria Golino in supporting roles. The original music score is composed by Danny Elfman (although he also scored Pee-wee's Big Adventure, he could not use any themes from that film due to contractual restrictions). It was released on July 22, 1988, and grossed $15 million against a $20 million budget. A stand-alone sequel, Pee-wee's Big Holiday, was released in 2016.

Plot
Pee-wee Herman lives an idyllic life on a farm with his assistant Vance, a talking pig. There he grows vegetables, dreams of being a famous singer, has a daily lunch with his fiancée, school teacher Winnie Johnson, and conducts agronomical experiments in a secure greenhouse. One day after lunch he is at Mr. Ryan's general store, his quirky personality barely tolerated by the townsfolk, when the local sheriff warns of a large storm approaching town. He rushes home and puts his farm animals into shelter.

After the storm ends, Pee-wee emerges from his storm shelter to discover that an entire traveling circus has been blown into his backyard. He befriends the ringmaster Mace Montana and falls for trapeze artist Gina Piccolapupula, the circus's star attraction. Winnie catches Pee-wee just as he shares his first kiss with Gina, and both women shun him for two-timing them. Pee-wee calls off his engagement to Winnie and convinces Gina that he truly loves her, whereupon she warms up to him again and they begin a romantic relationship. Winnie forgives Pee-wee after finding that she would much rather date all four of Gina's brothers at once.

Pee-wee attempts to join the circus, but cannot perform any circus acts. Gina tells Pee-wee about her deceased father Papa Piccolapupula, a famous aerialist who died attempting something called the "Spiral of Death." She suggests that Pee-wee should try walking the tightrope in his honor.

The curmudgeonly town elders, meanwhile, hate the circus and want it gone. Mace attempts to placate them by inventing a new show saluting the American Farm. The sheriff will have none of it, though, and threatens to arrest Pee-wee on various trumped-up charges if the circus does not leave immediately. Mace capitulates and sadly tells the circus performers to begin packing up.

Pee-wee recalls one of his agronomical experiments, a serum which, when applied to one of his other experiments, a hot-dog tree, made the hot dogs reverse their growth and shrink to the size of cocktail weiners. He feigns repentance to the town elders and feeds them the serum-laced cocktail weiners, causing them to become children and lose their adult memories. With no obstacle remaining, the circus performs their new American Farm show for the townspeople (including the former elders), and Pee-wee walks the tightrope.

Cast

Production
Following the success of the 1985 Warner Bros. film Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Paul Reubens signed a development deal with Paramount Pictures to write, produce, and/or direct additional projects for the character of Pee-wee Herman. Big Top Pee-wee was the first project in the deal to go into production.

The Paramount production was directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Paul Reubens and George McGrath. Reubens also co-produced the film with Debra Hill. Filming locations included Disney's Golden Oak Ranch in Newhall, California, and the auditorium at Hart High School in Santa Clarita. Big Top Pee-wee was Kleiser's first movie for Paramount since 1978's Grease.

During a 1988 television special, Herman acknowledged the long hours of circus training undertaken by the film's actors and that they spent a year and a half working on the movie. He also humorously compared himself as an actor to James Cagney and Spencer Tracy and ended by saying that Big Top Pee-wee was "at least as good as Police Academy."

Release and reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 38% rating based on 21 reviews, with the site's critical consensus stating: "Its endearingly oddball lead character gives it his all, but Big Top Pee-Wee simply lacks the whimsical magic of its predecessor." Roger Ebert gave the film two stars and, along with colleague Gene Siskel, also gave it a thumbs down on their television program, At the Movies. In a comparison to previous Pee-wee works, Ebert claimed that what had made Pee-wee's Playhouse and Pee-wee's Big Adventure great was "the characters in those have absolutely no connection with reality whatsoever, and that is why they were so enduring and enjoyable".  Caryn James of The New York Times criticized the film for making Pee-wee "slightly less eccentric" and said the "new, lukewarm, compromised Pee-wee is remarkably unfunny." The negative reviews reflected the film's performance at the box office, where it grossed $15,122,324, suffering from competition with Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Coming to America, and the re-issue of Bambi, among other summer releases. In 2010, Paul Reubens said that Paramount terminated his development deal and evicted him from his office on their lot the day after the movie's disappointing opening weekend.

References

External links

Pee-wee Herman
1988 films
1988 comedy films
1980s adventure comedy films
American adventure comedy films
1980s English-language films
Films directed by Randal Kleiser
Films with screenplays by Paul Reubens
Circus films
Films shot in California
American sequel films
Paramount Pictures films
Films scored by Danny Elfman
Films produced by Debra Hill
1980s American films
Pee-wee's Playhouse

Big Top Pee-wee


Moulay Aïssa ben Idriss II (Aïssa ben idrīs ben idrīs ben `abd allah ben al-ḥasan) was born in Fez, Morocco in the 9th century. He was the son of Idriss II and the descendant of both Idriss I and his brother Suleyman the sultan of Tlemcen. He was the governor of the region of Salé.

References

Ahmed ibn al-Mubarak al-Lamati, Pure Gold from the Words of Sayyidi Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh: Al-Dhabab al-Ibriz min Kalam Sayyidi Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh (Basic Texts of Islamic Mysticism), in English.

Paroles d'or : Kitâb al-Ilbrîz
Language : French

Moroccan nobility

Aïssa


James Heseltine Bayford (30 December 1804 – 22 October 1871) was an English rower who was the first winner of the Wingfield Sculls, the amateur sculling championship of the River Thames.

Bayford was the son of John Bayford, a London magistrate, and his wife Frances who lived in the region of St Pancras London. He was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he became a proficient rower. Bayford won the Wingfield Sculls in 1830 against seven challengers but lost in the following year to Charles Lewis.

Bayford became an attorney and notary, of 7 Godliman Street, London. He died at Chelsea at the age of 66.

Bayford married Rose Bright at Brighton in November 1834. His brother Augustus Fredrick Bayford rowed for Cambridge in the first Boat Race of 1829.

References

1804 births
1871 deaths
British male rowers
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge

James Bayford


Jacob ter Veldhuis (born 14 November 1951), also known as Jacob TV, is a Dutch avant-garde classical composer, born in Westerlee. Ter Veldhuis favors tonal, melodic compositions: 'I pepper my music with sugar,' he says. Many of his works build melodies around samples of the human voice, as in Steve Reich's composition 'Different Trains'. Some of his works have been performed by the New York string quartet ETHEL.

Significant works
 Heartbreakers (1999)-- based on samples from American television talk shows
 Paradiso (2001)-- video oratorio, 72 minutes, based on Dante's Paradiso
 Grab It! (1999)-- for tenor saxophone and soundtrack, based on samples from the documentary 'Scared Straight.'

References

Web page of Jacob TV
 Dutch composer samples pop culture and gives it a melody, New York Times, May 4, 2007.

1951 births
Living people
Dutch male classical composers
Dutch classical composers
People from Oldambt (municipality)

Jacob ter Veldhuis


Giuseppe Petrosellini (29 November 1727 – 1799) was an Italian poet and prolific librettist working primarily in the dramma giocoso and opera buffa genres.

Petrosellini was born in Corneto, Papal State (now Tarquinia, Lazio) and spent most of life in Rome at the Papal Court where he held the title of "Abate". He was also a member of several accademie (learned societies), most notably the Accademia degli Arcadi for whom he wrote under the pseudonym "Enisildo Prosindio". Amongst his most well-known libretti is Paisiello's Il barbiere di Siviglia. La finta giardiniera, set by Pasquale Anfossi in 1774 and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1775, has been ascribed to him, but it is questionable whether it is in his style. He also wrote several libretti for Domenico Cimarosa and Pasquale Anfossi. One of his last works was the libretto for Cimarosa's I nemici generosi which premiered at the Teatro Valle in 1795. Petrosellini died in Rome in 1799.

References

Italian opera librettists
Italian poets
Italian male poets
1727 births
1799 deaths
People from the Province of Viterbo
Italian male dramatists and playwrights

Giuseppe Petrosellini


A parietal eye, also known as a third eye or pineal eye, is an eye located at the top of the head. Reptiles, amphibians have this eye. The third eye is always smaller than the main paired eyes. In living species, it is always covered by skin and is not visible externally.

References

Eye

Parietal eye


Amos Davis (August 15, 1794 – June 11, 1835) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky. He was born in Mount Sterling, Kentucky, where he completed preparatory studies. Later, he studied law and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Mount Sterling, Kentucky. He also served as sheriff of Montgomery County, Kentucky.

Davis was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1819, 1825, 1827 and 1828. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twentieth and Twenty-second Congresses but was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835). While he was a candidate for reelection, he died in Owingsville, Kentucky, while campaigning in 1835. He was buried in the City Cemetery, Mount Sterling, Kentucky. His brother, Garrett Davis, served as a member of the United States Senate.

References

1794 births
1835 deaths
Kentucky lawyers
Members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
People from Mount Sterling, Kentucky
National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky
19th-century American lawyers

Amos Davis


A beyond-visual-range missile (BVR) is an air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) that is capable of engaging at ranges of  or beyond. This range has been achieved using dual pulse rocket motors or booster rocket motor and ramjet sustainer motor.

In addition to the range capability, the missile must also be capable of tracking its target at this range or of acquiring the target in flight. Systems in which a mid-course correction is transmitted to the missile have been used.

History

Early air-to-air missiles used semi-active radar homing guidance, that is the missile used the radiation produced by the launching aircraft to guide it to the target. The latest generation of BVR missiles use a combination of semi-active and active radar.

The first such missiles were relatively simple beam riding designs.  The Sparrow 1 mounted on the US Navy's Skyknight became the first operational BVR missile in 1954. These primitive BVR missiles were soon replaced by missiles using semi-active radar homing (SARH). This is where the launching aircraft's radar is "locked" onto the target in a single target track (STT) mode, directing radar energy at the target that the missile seeker can "see" as it reflects off the target. The radar antenna must "illuminate" the target until impact. Missiles like the Raytheon AIM-7 Sparrow and Vympel R-27 (NATO designation AA-10 'Alamo') home in on the reflected radiation, much as a laser-guided bomb homes in on the reflected laser radiation. Some of the longest-range missiles in use today still use this technology.

An AIM-7 variant called Sparrow II was the first attempt at producing a semi-active radar homing missile, however the first air-to-air missile to introduce a terminal active seeker operationally was the AIM-54 Phoenix carried by the F-14 Tomcat, which entered service in 1972. This relieved the launch platform of the need to illuminate the target until impact, putting it at risk. The Phoenix and its associated Tomcat radar, the AWG-9 was capable of multiple track and launch capability, which was unique to the Tomcat/Phoenix until the advent of AMRAAM in 1991.

Newer fire-and-forget type missiles like the Raytheon AIM-120 AMRAAM and the R-77 (NATO designation AA-12 'Adder') instead use an inertial navigation system (INS) combined with initial target information from the launching aircraft and updates from a one or two-way data link in order to launch beyond visual range, and then switch to a terminal homing mode, typically active radar guidance. These types of missiles have the advantage of not requiring the launching aircraft to illuminate the target with radar energy for the entire flight of the missile, and in fact do not require a radar lock to launch at all, only target tracking information. This gives the target less warning that a missile has been launched and also allows the launching aircraft to turn away once the missile is in its terminal homing phase or engage other aircraft. The very longest-range missiles like the Hughes (now Raytheon) AIM-54 Phoenix missile and Vympel manufactured R-33 (NATO designation AA-9 'Amos') use this technique also.

Some variants of the Vympel R-27 use SARH for the initial guidance and then passive infra-red guidance for the final stage. This type of missile requires active guidance for a longer part of the flight than fire-and-forget missiles but will still guide to the target even if radar lock is broken in the crucial final seconds of the engagement and may be harder to spoof with chaff due to the dual-type guidance.

Criticism

The efficiency of BVR air-to-air missiles has been criticized.

A 2005 paper by USAF officer Patrick Higby showed that BVR missiles fell short of expected performance, despite incurring great cost. Because such missiles required large radars, they made aircraft heavier and increased drag, increasing aircraft procurement and operating costs. Fighters with BVR tended to be less agile than previous ones. Fighter pilots have been reluctant to use BVR missiles at BVR range because of difficulty in distinguishing friends and foes. As a result, most BVR missiles are fired at visual range. Western airforces only scored 4 BVR kills out of 528 kills made during 1965–1982; most kills during that period were made with guns or WVR missiles (AIM-9 Sidewinder).

The increased success rate of BVR combat during 1991 Gulf War may have significantly depended on other factors, such as assistance of AWACS, NCTR system of F-15Cs, as well as enemy incompetence. None of the Iraqi pilots took any evasive measures, either because of poor training or their radar warning receivers malfunctioned. One major issue with BVR is still unreliable IFF technology (Identification friend or foe).

In 2015, United States Naval Air Forces commander Vice Admiral Mike Shoemaker cited the sensor fusion of the fifth-generation jet fighter Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II as the way to "bring that long-range ID capability and then share that information" with other platforms.

Gallery

List of BVR missiles
 AAM-4
 AIM-7 Sparrow
 AIM-54 Phoenix
 AIM-120 AMRAAM
 AIM-260 JATM
 Astra MK-1
 Astra MK-2
 Astra MK-3
 Bozdoğan (missile)
 Derby
 K-100 (missile)
 Meteor (missile)
 MICA (missile)
 Novator KS-172
 PL-12 (SD-10)
 PL-15
 PL-21
 Python (missile)
 R-27 (air-to-air missile)
 R-33 (missile)
 R-37 (missile)
 R-40 (missile)
 R-77
 R-Darter
 Sky Sword I
 Sky Sword II
 Skyflash

References

Air-to-air missiles
Missile types

Beyond-visual-range missile


Isaac the Blind ( Rabbī Yīṣḥaq Saggī Nəhōr, literally "Rabbi Isaac, blind person"; c. 1160–1235 in Provence, France), was a French rabbi and a famous writer on Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism). The Aramaic epithet "Saggi Nehor" means "of Much Light" in the sense of having excellent eyesight, an ironic euphemism for being blind. Some historians suspect him to be the author of the Book of the Bahir, an important early text of Kabbalah. Others (especially Gershom Scholem, see his Origins of the Kabbalah, p. 253) characterize this view as an "erroneous and totally unfounded hypothesis".

Isaac was the son of the famous talmudist, Abraham ben David of Posquières (Raavad).

The Bahir first appeared in the Middle Ages, around 1200 CE in France. It discusses a number of ideas that became important for Kabbalah, and even though the origins of the anonymous work are obscure, there were important Kabbalists who were writing at the same time in France. The most influential of these was Isaac the Blind.

Isaac the Blind's mystical concepts

Isaac considered the sefirot as having their origins in a hidden and infinite level deep within the Ayn Sof, or Divine Being (lit. That Without End).

He believed that from the Ayn Sof emanated Makhshava (Divine Thought), which was the first supernatural quality. The rest of the sefirot emanated from the Divine Thought. Individual beings in the world are material manifestation of the sefirot, albeit on a lower level of reality. Mystic experience aids in reascending the levels of emanations to unite with Divine Thought.

The most famous student of Isaac was Azriel of Gerona.

See also
 Hachmei Provence
 Aaron of Cardena
 Girona Synagogue

References

1160s births
1235 deaths
Jewish mysticism
Kabbalists
12th-century French rabbis
13th-century French rabbis
Neoplatonists
Provençal rabbis
Place of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
Place of death unknown
Date of birth unknown
Blind writers
French blind people

Isaac the Blind


Bhamdoun (), is a town in Lebanon  from Beirut on the main road that leads to Damascus and in the suburbs of the main tourist city of Aley, lying at an altitude of  above the Lamartine valley. Two separate villages compose the town, Bhamdoun-el-mhatta (literally meaning "Bhamdoun the station") and Bhamdoun-el-day'aa ("Bhamdoun the village"). A railroad used to link Bhamdoun to Beirut with the train station being a prominent feature of the town for many years. The station and railroad were eventually abandoned when cars became more popular.

Before the Lebanese civil war, Bhamdoun was one of Lebanon's most renowned and favorite summer resorts.  Today, the town has regained some of its past tourism industry as most of its hotels, restaurants and entertainment centers have been renovated or rebuilt. Tourists, especially from Kuwait and the Persian Gulf region spend their summer vacation in Bhamdoun. Kuwaiti citizens own more than 30% of the properties in Bhamdoun Station since the 1950s. A branch of Kuwait airways and the National bank of kuwait reopened in 2001.

Bhamdoun has seven churches, two mosques built by Kuwaitis, and the Bhamdoun synagogue. There are four Greek Orthodox churches, two Maronite, one Protestant but was not reconstructed after the war, and Druze Khalwa. Most of the population is Orthodox Christian, but there also is a large Druze and Maronite minority with a smaller Sunni Muslim one.

The Bhamdoun synagogue, built in 1910, was one of three grand synagogues in Lebanon.  It was abandoned shortly before the civil war which started in 1975, but the shell of the structure still stands.

In 2000, a winery called Chateau Belle-Vue began planting vines, creating few jobs in the village. It began producing wine in 2003. The "Renaissance 2003" blend that it produced won the International Spirits and Wine Competition's Gold Medal Best in Class award in 2005. The town also contains the Safir Hotel, Four Points Hotel by Sheraton, Carlton Hotel, Alsheikh Hotel and many others.

Notable families
Families who have roots in Bhamdoun are:
Khairallah (also Cairala, Khairalla, Khiralla, Jairala, Kyrala, Kheirallah or Khayrallah)
Abdel Nour
Haddad (Also spelled Al Haddad)
Abou Rjeili (also spelled Bou Rjayle)
Abou Khaled
Haber (also spelled El Haber, Habre, Habr)
Jabbour
Azo (also spelled Azzo)
Nehme
Matta
Moujaes (also spelled Majaess)
Salibi (also spelled Saliby or Al Salibi; see Kamal Salibi)
Abou Mansour
Sabra
Abou Faraj
Dannaf
Raad (see Khalil Raad)
Ballout
Tabet
Moshreq
Asfar
Abou Hana
Wehbi
Nasrallah

References

Further reading

Populated places in Aley District
Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon

Bhamdoun


Highlander: The Search for Vengeance is a 2007 anime fantasy action film and an installment in the Highlander franchise. The film was directed by Yoshiaki Kawajiri (Ninja Scroll, Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust) and was written by David Abramowitz, also the writer for Highlander: The Series, Highlander: The Raven and Highlander: The Source. The film was a joint venture between Imagi Animation Studios and Madhouse Studio, with Imagi providing the script and the soundtrack, while Madhouse produced the animation. It was produced in association with Davis-Panzer Productions and distributed by Manga Entertainment on June 5, 2007 and aired on July 30 on Sci Fi's Ani-Monday block. The film is dedicated to the memory of William N. Panzer, who died in 2007, and was the co-owner of the Davis-Panzer Inc., which was the company who created the franchise.

Synopsis
The story centers on characters who are immortal.

The lead character, Colin MacLeod, became an Immortal after his first death in 125 AD in Roman Britain, when his village in England was attacked by the conquering Romans.  Another Immortal, Marcus Octavius, was leading the Roman Empire's military forces in hopes of creating his dream of a utopian society.  Octavius killed Colin's wife Moya, but was not able to kill Colin, whose unconscious body was dragged by a horse to within Stonehenge, a "holy ground" in the story, where Immortals are forbidden to fight.

Waking days later within Stonehenge, Colin is left confused about who and what he is, and why he is still alive. It is at this moment that the spirit of a former druid of this holy site, Amergan, begins communicating with MacLeod and explains to him what he is.  Colin learns of The Game from Amergan, and the druid becomes his lifelong teacher and conscience.

The movie interlaces flashback scenes of this and Colin's following plight for vengeance throughout time, as Octavius attempts to re-enact his utopian society through force and fear.  Throughout the next two millennia, Octavius serves as a high-ranking member of various powerful empires, ranging from the Mongol Empire to Nazi Germany.  Marcus wants to encourage the development of a utopian world-empire, but the side he chooses tend to be ruthless and authoritarian (e.g. Nazi Germany).  For two thousand years, Colin clashes with Marcus multiple times throughout history, always fighting on the opposing side trying to bring down whichever authoritarian regime Marcus is supporting.  While Colin is often badly beaten, neither one ever succeeds in killing the other. Though Colin is ostensibly in the role of the "barbarian" and Marcus is the bringer of "civilization", Marcus cares more about building an empire and less about people's well-being, with an "ends-justify-the-means" mentality.

In the year 2187, Colin finds Octavius in a post-apocalyptic future of New York City. Octavius has stopped supporting other regimes, and is setting up a new empire with himself as its tyrannical leader.  When Colin arrives, Marcus is busy making plans to release a deadly virus which will further his goals of conquest.  Colin falls in with the disaffected rebels in the city.  After a final duel, Colin defeats Octavius, and his Quickening destroys the virus in question.

Following the defeat of Marcus, Colin leaves New York for an unknown destination with a new sense of belief and purpose other than revenge for the first time in his life.

Cast

MacLeod heritage
In the story, Colin was born in Roman Britain, but his true surname, which is never given, was not MacLeod at birth.  One of the flashback scenes shows him achieving this honor after he fought alongside Clan MacLeod in an unknown battle, presumably because Octavius was fighting for the opposition.  The Clansmen honor Colin, and name him a MacLeod for giving his life for their cause.  Once he regains life, as all Immortals do, Colin adopts the name, and keeps it for the rest of his life, as it was with the MacLeods that Colin learned the values that would one day assist him in overcoming his unyielding lust for vengeance.

Director's cut
Producer H. Galen Walker said in an interview: "There's about seven or eight additional scenes in the Japanese version that we cut out in the U.S.—one, just for timing, and just for pace of story. That was the big issue. I'm sure Mr. Kawajiri was really unhappy about the cut, but this was what the other producers thought was best for everybody." An opening exposition text-sequence, which is traditional for Highlander films, was also added for the American version. Walker said that Kawajiri's original cut "will probably be out later this year," in an interview conducted in June 2007. More than a year later, the director's cut was finally released in Japan on December 5, 2008 with the running time of 95 minutes (10 minutes longer than the U.S. version).

Reception
Critical reaction to Highlander: The Search for Vengeance has been generally favorable, and more favorable in general than the live-action Highlander sequels. Chris Wyatt of IGN awarded the film a score of 9 out of 10, saying: "Highlander: The Search for Vengeance is the best thing to happen to Highlander fans since the original film. [It's] violent, dramatic, sexy, and actually smart. ... Combat sequences, including the obligatory sword fights, are nothing less than stellar."

Rob Lineberger of DVD Verdict gave The Search for Vengeance a score of 96 out of 100, saying: "Not only does Highlander: The Search for Vengeance live up to the glory days of the franchise, it exceeds them in many ways. ... Kawajiri's movie is crammed full of breathtaking compositions and sophisticated effects, [and] the character depictions are also impressive. ... Great animation, superb music, and engaging voice acting complement the story. Not only is it a must-see for Highlander fans, but for fans of edgy anime with a mature bent."

Todd Douglass of DVD Talk said: "The story stands up quite well and frankly it reinvigorates a franchise that has otherwise turned stagnant. ... As a lover of Highlander and anime, The Search for Vengeance was more or less what I wanted it to be. ... [The film] is worth a look if you're even slightly interested in it." Jason Cook of The Spinning Image said that "The Search for Vengeance is a thoroughly enjoyable animated feature coupling classy visual flourishes with a lean plot. ... Anime fans will want to seek this out due to its director's pedigree, but those unfamiliar with the genre are still advised to give this a go."

Giving the film a "B" rating, Jim Harper of Flipside Movie Emporium said: "[Kawajiri's] association with the project is probably the best thing to happen to the Highlander franchise in a long, long time. ... Highlander: The Search for Vengeance covers much the same territory as the 1986 original, but it does so unapologetically, and with a genuine passion, too. ... Harper added that "in terms of pure entertainment, it's a hell of a lot more satisfying than any of the other sequels."

References

External links

2007 films
2007 anime films
2007 directorial debut films
2007 fantasy films
2007 science fiction action films
Action anime and manga
Animated action films
Animated post-apocalyptic films
Anime and manga about revenge
Fiction set in Roman Britain
Films about reincarnation
Films directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki
Films directed by Yoshiaki Kawajiri
Films produced by William N. Panzer
Films scored by Nathan Wang
Films set in 2nd-century Roman Empire
Animated films set in the 22nd century
Animated films set in England
Animated films set in New York City
Films with screenplays by David Abramowitz
Highlander (franchise) films
Japanese animated fantasy films
Japanese animated science fiction films
Madhouse (company)
Post-apocalyptic anime and manga
Supernatural anime and manga
Animated films set in Germany
Animated films set in the 20th century

Highlander: The Search for Vengeance


Alfred Richard Carapella (April 26, 1927 – October 17, 2020) was an American and Canadian football defensive tackle who played for the San Francisco 49ers and Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

Early life and education
Carapella was born on April 26, 1927, in Tuckahoe, New York. During the Depression, Carapella lived with his three siblings in a cold water flat in Tuckahoe. While attending Tuckahoe High School, he lettered in football and baseball, excelling at both. Carapella was named to Westchester County's All-County football team in 1942, and he helped Tuckahoe High's baseball team win conference championships in 1943 and 1944.

After his junior year, Carapella had his older brother sign a waiver to allow him to try out for the New York Giants baseball club. After a tryout at the Polo Grounds, the Giants signed Carapella to a minor league contract. He was assigned to the Richmond Colts, then moved to the Erie Sailors. Because he signed a professional contract, Carapella was ineligible to compete in high school athletics during his senior year.

U.S. Army
Upon graduating from Tuckahoe High School in 1945, Carapella was drafted into the United States Army. Carapella was deployed to Germany, where he played football with the Berlin Bears, an interservice team composed of several college and NFL football players. Upon noticing that he could compete with players of that caliber, Carapella decided to pursue football when he was discharged from the Army. He asked his former high school coach to try to set up some workouts with college programs, and Carapella was invited to try out for the Miami and Kentucky. Carapella garnered scholarship offers from both schools, but his offer letter from Kentucky was addressed to his uncle by mistake, and he was unaware of the offer until after he had enrolled at Miami.

University of Miami
During his first year at Miami, Carapella played on the freshman football team, playing offensive line and fullback. In his senior year, Carapella helped lead the undefeated Hurricanes to an Orange Bowl berth, where they were defeated by Clemson by a score of 15-14 after Miami surrendered a late safety.

Carapella died on October 17, 2020, in Tuckahoe, New York, at age 93.

References

1927 births
2020 deaths
American football defensive linemen
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Miami Hurricanes football players
Military personnel from New York (state)
People from Tuckahoe, Westchester County, New York
San Francisco 49ers players
United States Army personnel of World War II
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from New York (state)

Al Carapella


Huron Broadcasting was a Canadian radio and television broadcasting company, active in Sault Ste. Marie from 1976 to 1990.

The company first entered the broadcasting business in 1976, when it acquired the assets of the city's prior Hyland Broadcasting and Algonquin Broadcasting companies, including CJIC-TV and the radio stations CJIC, CJIC-FM, CKCY and CKCY-FM, as well as CJWA in Wawa, CKNR in Elliot Lake, CJNR in Blind River and CKNS in Espanola.

Due to concentration of media ownership rules, Huron then sold the CJIC radio stations to another new company, Gilder Broadcasting, shortly after the merger was completed. (Gilder changed those stations' call signs to CFYN and CHAS.)

Huron subsequently also opened CKCY-TV in 1977.

Huron sold its radio stations to other owners in the mid-1980s. Telemedia acquired Sault Ste. Marie's CJIC and CJIC-FM, by this time known as CFYN and CHAS-FM, in 1985, while the remaining stations were sold to Mid-Canada Radio in two separate transactions, in 1986 (the stations in Blind River, Elliot Lake and Espanola) and 1988 (the remaining stations in Sault Ste. Marie and Wawa).

The television stations were acquired by Baton Broadcasting in 1990, and were converted by Baton to the MCTV branding in use on the Mid-Canada Television stations in Sudbury, Timmins and North Bay, which had been acquired by Baton in the same year. At the same time Mid-Canada sold the radio stations to Pelmorex, where they formed part of the Pelmorex Radio Network until 1998.

References

Radio broadcasting companies of Canada
Defunct broadcasting companies of Canada
Mass media companies established in 1976
Mass media companies disestablished in 1990
1976 establishments in Ontario
1990 disestablishments in Ontario
Companies based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Canadian companies established in 1976

Huron Broadcasting


USS LCI(L)-1091 is an  built for the United States Navy in World War II.  Like most ships of her class, she was not named and known only by her designation.

Operational history
LCI(L)-1091 was laid down at Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City, Michigan, and commissioned on 21 September 1944.

LCI-1091 arrived in the Pacific at the end of the battle for Iwo Jima, fought at Okinawa in 1945 and was used as a minesweeper to clean up around Japan after the war.   She was assigned to the Pacific Theatre and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto from 28 April to 30 June 1945. She received two battle stars for her WW II duty.

The landing craft performed minesweeping duties in the Kōchi-Shikoku area from 8 September to 16 September, and in the Nagoya area from 28 September to 25 October.

LCI(L)-1091 was on occupation duty from 2 September to 16 December 1945.
In 1946 she participated in the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll as a testing support ship.

On 28 February 1949, she was, like all other LCIs remaining, reclassified as LSIL-1091.

The ship remained active during the Korean War.  In 1951 she was converted to a Laboratory Ship.  During her time in Korea, LSIL-1091 was assigned as an Epidemiological Control Ship for Fleet Epidemic Disease Control Unit No. 1, a part of the U.S. effort to combat malaria in Korea. From October to September 1951, LSIL-1091 was at Koje-do performing malaria testing among residents and refugees. In this role, the ship became tied to unproven allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War by the United States and allies.

She was used in a covert missions behind enemy lines investigating disease outbreak of alleged bubonic plague in North Korea.  Brigadier General Crawford Sams' "medical intelligence" mission to Wonsan, North Korea in March 1951 had been first launched from the LSIL-1091.

After Korea the LSIL-1091 became one of the navy's smallest aircraft carriers when she was used to launch anti-aircraft target drones.

In 1955 she was decommissioned at Astoria, Oregon.

LCI(L)-1091 received two battle stars for World War II action and received four battle stars for Korean War as LSIL-1091.

Post-service and museum
LSIL-1091 was sold for commercial use, renamed Bering Sea and operated as a cannery ship for salmon on the Yukon River in Alaska from 1961 until 1985.  In 1988 she was purchased by LCI veteran Dr. Ralph Davis of McKinleyville, California and renamed Ten-Ninety-One. He moved her to Eureka, California, where she fished for albacore from 1995 until 2003.

LCI(L)-1091 had been in continuous use for most of her 65-year life and remains in near original condition. In 2005, she was donated by Davis to be a museum ship for the Humboldt Bay Naval Sea/Air Museum at Eureka, and opened to the public during restoration.  The Humboldt Amateur Radio Club often ran a Special Event Amateur Radio station out of the original radio room. Subsequently little restoration work was undertaken and the ship was moved to different berths.

By 2016 Ten-Ninety-One was in poor condition and would have become a serious liability if allowed to sink in Eureka Bay; consequently it was decided to put her ashore where the risks would be lower, and where restoration could be progressed more easily. It currently resides at the site of a planned Timber Heritage Museum to be located near the Samoa Cookhouse historic restaurant in the town of Samoa, California.

References

See also

LCI(L)-351-class large infantry landing craft
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built in Bay City, Michigan
Museum ships in California
1944 ships

USS LCI(L)-1091


Empress Erzhu (爾朱皇后) (personal name unknown) was briefly an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. Her husband was Yuan Ye, also known as the Prince of Changguang. To distinguish her from Erzhu Rong's daughter, she's also referred to as Young Lady Erzhu (小尔朱氏), while Erzhu Rong's daughter is referred to as Elder Lady Erzhu (大尔朱氏). In addition, to further distinguish her from her sister who married Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei, she's also known as Empress Jianming (建明皇后), "Jianming" being the era name of her husband's brief reign.

Empress Erzhu was the daughter of Erzhu Zhao, the nephew of Northern Wei's paramount general Erzhu Rong. In 530, Emperor Xiaozhuang, suspecting Erzhu Rong of plotting a coup, ambushed and killed him, and Erzhu Rong's relatives rose in rebellion.  They declared Yuan Ye the Prince of Changguang, a distant member of the imperial clan, emperor, probably because Yuan Ye's aunt was Erzhu Rong's wife the Princess Beixiang.  It is not known whether Empress Erzhu was already married to Yuan Ye by this point, but in any case he created her empress.  In 531, after the Erzhus had defeated and killed Emperor Xiaozhuang, they concluded that Yuan Ye was too distant from the lineage of recent emperors, being the grandson of Emperor Wencheng's brother Yuan Zhen (元禎) the Prince of Nan'an, and they deposed him and replaced him with Yuan Gong the Prince of Guangling, who took the throne as Emperor Jiemin.  During the reign of Emperor Jiemin, Yuan Ye was treated with respect and created the Prince of Donghai, so Empress Erzhu presumably would have carried the title of Princess of Donghai.  However, Yuan Ye was subsequently forced to commit suicide in 532 after Emperor Jiemin and the Erzhus were overthrown by a coalition led by the general Gao Huan and replaced with Emperor Xiaowu.

At a point unknown subsequent to Yuan Ye's death, the former Empress Erzhu became a concubine of Gao Huan, who became the paramount general of Northern Wei (and its branch state Eastern Wei after Northern Wei's division into Eastern Wei and Western Wei in 534). She had one son to Gao Huan, Gao Jie (高湝), later created the Prince of Rencheng during Northern Qi. Soon after giving birth, however, she had an affair with Gao Huan's brother Gao Chen (高琛) the Duke of Zhao Commandery.  After the affair was discovered, Gao Huan killed Gao Chen by caning, and while he did not kill Lady Erzhu, he had her relocated to Ling Province (靈州, roughly modern Yinchuan, Ningxia). At some point, probably after Gao Huan's death, she was allowed to marry Lu Jingzhang (盧景璋), of whom nothing is known in history other than his place of origin. It is not known when she died.

References

Women of medieval China
Erzhu, Empress (Yuan Ye)
Northern Qi people

Empress Erzhu (Yuan Ye's wife)


Jannah () is the Islamic conception of paradise. The Arabic word Jannah is a short version of the word "Garden"

Muslims believe that Jannah is pure happiness that lasts forever. Jannah is described as a garden with beautiful features and different levels.

Islamic theology

Jannah


Fernando Alessandri Rodríguez (May 21, 1897 – March 27, 1982) was a Chilean political figure, candidate of the centre-right in Chile's 1946 presidential election. He was the son of Arturo Alessandri, who was president from 1920 to 1925 and again from 1932 to 1938, and brother of Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez, who was president from 1958 to 1964.

Alessandri was born in Santiago, the son of Arturo Alessandri Palma and of Rosa Ester Rodríguez. He completed his early studies at the Instituto Nacional, and later graduated as a lawyer from the Universidad de Chile on October 18, 1919.  He became professor of Procedural law at the same university in 1922, and in 1924, he married Olga Lyon Vial, with whom he had one son, Fernando, who died at the age of three. After the death of his first wife he married for second time in 1954, to Juanita Izquierdo Huneeus, who survived him.

He joined the Liberal party in 1920, and participated actively in the Chilean presidential election of 1920 that was won by his father, Arturo Alessandri. During this first presidency of his father, he acted as the Secretary of the Presidency. As a lawyer he also drafted the project that eventually became the Organic Code of Chilean Tribunals.

He was always very close to his father, and when he was elected president for a second time in the Chilean presidential election of 1932, he again functioned as his assistant. In 1933, Alessandri was elected deputy for "Tarapacá and Antofagasta", and in January 1934, he was elected a senator to replace Aurelio Núñez Morgado, who had been designated Ambassador to Spain. He was reelected in 1937 and 1945. In 1939 he accompanied his father on a tour of Europe.  In 1946, he was proclaimed presidential candidate by the Liberal, Radical Democratic, Agrarian Labor, Democratic, Progressive Liberal and "Authentic" Socialist parties who refused to back the Conservative candidate Eduardo Cruz-Coke. Nonetheless, his split of the right-wing voting base resulted in the triumph of Gabriel González Videla, with him finishing in third place.

After the death of his father, he was elected President of the Senate to replace him on September 6, 1950, position he retained until 1958. He was again reelected as a senator in 1953 and 1961. The progressive and almost total loss of sight forced him to leave public life. In 1966 he abandoned his university classes and in 1969 he declined to run again and slowly withdrew from political life. He concentrated on his law practice and dedicated himself to writing law books and guides.  He died in Santiago, in 1982, at the age of 84, due to renal failure.

See also
1946 Chilean presidential election
Alessandri family

1897 births
1982 deaths
Politicians from Santiago
Fernando Alessandri
Chilean people of Italian descent
Liberal Party (Chile, 1849) politicians
Presidents of the Senate of Chile
Senators of the XXXVII Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
Senators of the XXXIX Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
Senators of the XL Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
Candidates for President of Chile
University of Chile alumni
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

Fernando Alessandri


Altufyevo (, ) is the northern terminus of the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, and the northernmost station of the entire system. It was opened in 1994. The station is shallow: its depth is 9 meters. Its name corresponds to the name of the city district. The station is quite busy, with over 70,000 passengers entering per day, due to being located in a densely populated region, and being one of the stations serving the satellite town of Dolgoprudny. The station has experienced leaks from the unsuitable soil in its location. Although it might not happen, reconstruction of the station will treat the leakage.

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1994
Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia

Altufyevo (Moscow Metro)


The Wolford-Wilson Sailwing is an American single place homebuilt aircraft.

Design and development
The Sailwing is a single place, open cockpit, twin engine pusher with an inverted V-tail and conventional landing gear. The aircraft uses an aluminum leading edge with wire support and Dacron covering, rather than a spar. Roll control is performed with wing-warping.

Specifications (Sailwing)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Twin-engined pusher aircraft

Wolford-Wilson Sailwing


Berks Youth Chorus (BYC), originally named the Berks Classical Children's Chorus, is a children's and youth chorus based in Reading, Pennsylvania, that performs classical, contemporary, and popular music. Singers are in grades three through twelve, and come from Berks and neighboring counties. The group was founded in 1992 by Donald Hinkle, and was led by Executive Director Dail Richie from 1997 to 2020. The current Executive and Artistic Director is Sam Barge. The organization has received various accolades, and provides a valuable resource for music performance, education and advocacy throughout Berks County.

History
Berks Classical Children's Chorus was founded in 1992 by Donald Hinkle, and held its inaugural concert on November 8, 1992, at Governor Mifflin Senior High School in Shillington, Pennsylvania. On April 24, 1993, the chorus appeared in Carl Orff's Carmina Burana with Reading Choral Society. Starting with 60 members, the chorus membership later exceeded 100 students. In 1996,  the chorus conducted its first tour, to Washington, D.C. Later that year, the MasterSingers, the high school group, was formally started. In 1997, Dail Richie was appointed executive director, taking over some administrative duties of founder Donald Hinkle, and initiating others. In 1999, Donald Hinkle was appointed Artistic Director, the first person to hold the position in the organization. In 2005, BCCC moved rehearsals and headquarters to the local arts and community center GoggleWorks. That same year, founder and Artistic Director Donald Hinkle retired from his duties in the chorus. Four years later, in 2009, the chorus began to offer its annual Summer Sing camps in downtown Reading. These camps are offered free to children in grades three through six. In 2012, in an effort to better represent the diversity of repertoire performed by the groups, the organization changed its name to Berks Youth Chorus (BYC).

Current Groups

 All Stars (Girls and Boys in Grades 3 – 4):  The All Stars offer a beginning music education curriculum, which teaches the fundamentals of music in a choral setting. Training chorus is currently directed by Rachel Ohnsman.
 Chorale (Girls and Boys in Grades 5 – 8):  Chorale is the mid-level treble choir. The curriculum strengthens skills learned in All Stars. This group appears in programs and concerts by invitation in addition to performing in the BYC concerts. Past performances include appearances with the Reading Symphony Orchestra and The Bach Choir of Bethlehem. Chorale is currently directed by Sam Barge.
 MasterSingers (Girls in Grades 8 – 12; Boys with Changed Voices):  The MasterSingers are an advanced SATB ensemble.  Like the Chorale, this group appears in programs and concerts by invitation in addition to performing in the BYC concerts. Past performances include appearances with Allentown Symphony Orchestra, The Bach Choir of Bethlehem, Reading Choral Society, and Wheatland Chorale. The MasterSingers are currently directed by Sam Barge.

References

External links

Tourist attractions in Reading, Pennsylvania
1992 establishments in Pennsylvania
Reading, Pennsylvania
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
Musical groups established in 1992
Youth organizations based in Pennsylvania

Berks Youth Chorus


Brenda Jean Patrick (born 1955) is a Texas-based educational consultant primarily known for her position within the educational community that students and parents are customers that the educational system must serve.

Patrick first received public attention during her tenure as a master consultant with the Region 10 Education Service Center, where she was one of the first consultants to bring the concept of customer care to school districts in Texas.  This work has resulted in heightened awareness among school administrators of the need to strengthen the lines of communication with parents, businesses and the community in order to increase student achievement in all areas of academic endeavor.  These programs utilize customer care strategies and techniques that have been effective for companies in industries serving large numbers of customers.

Patrick attended Texas A&M University, Commerce, Texas, where she received her Bachelor of Science in 1981 in elementary education with a history minor. In 1984, Patrick received her Master of Science, Professional Supervisor Certificate and her Mid-Management Administrator Certificate.

Patrick was named the 2007 Texas Educational Support Staff Association (TESA) Administrator-of-the-Year.  She has served as board member for Friends of Texas Public Schools  as well as advisory board member for the Texas Educational Support Staff Association.

In 2019, Patrick was appointed to the North Texas Municipal Water District Board of Directors representing the City of Mesquite, Texas.

References

External links
 Official website

1955 births
Living people
Texas A&M University alumni
American consultants

Brenda Jean Patrick


Frederick William "Fred" Richmond (November 15, 1923 – December 28, 2019) was an American politician and convicted criminal of Jewish descent. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from January 3, 1975 through January 3, 1982.

In April 1978, Richmond was arrested in Washington for soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy. In 1982 Richmond was convicted on federal corruption charges, which included possession of marijuana and payment of an illegal gratuity to a Brooklyn Navy Yard employee. As part of a plea bargain he was forced to resign from office.

Richmond was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston University.

With a personal fortune estimated at $32 million, Richmond was one of the wealthiest members of Congress.

Richmond died on December 28, 2019 at a nursing home in Manhattan from pneumonia, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 Retrieved on 2009-05-19.
"What's Really Wrong with Fred Richmond?", Jim Sleeper, Village Voice, March 30, 1982.
"The Rise and Fall of Fred Richmond", Pete Hamill and Denis Hamill, New York Magazine'', November 22, 1982.

1923 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American people convicted of drug offenses
Boston University alumni
Jewish American criminals
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from Boston
United States representatives from New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians

Fred Richmond


Kazimierz Porębski (November 15, 1872 – January 21, 1933) was a Polish career naval officer who rose to the position of admiral within the Imperial Russian Navy and was subsequently the first commander-in-chief of the inter-war Polish Navy.

Biography
Porębski was born in Vilnius, in what was then Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire, to an ethnic Polish family. He entered the Sea Cadets Corps in Petrograd in 1889 and graduated as a midshipman in 1892.

Russian Navy career
Porębski attended mine warfare school upon being commissioned into the Imperial Russian Navy. From 1895 to 1899, he served aboard the  on which he voyaged to the Mediterranean and the Far East with a visit to Nagasaki, Japan in 1896. Porebski was promoted to lieutenant on April 13, 1897, after his return to Russia, and continued his studies in mine warfare.

Porebski was assigned to the  from 1899 to 1901. On December 1, 1901, he became the executive officer on the cruiser , whose construction he had been sent to oversee at the Schichau-Werke shipyards in Danzig, Germany. Assigned with Novik to the Russian Pacific Fleet, he was promoted to Captain Lieutenant on April 17, 1905. Novik played an active role in the Russo-Japanese War, especially at the Battle of the Yellow Sea and the Battle of Korsakov.

After the end of the war, Porębski was promoted to lieutenant commander on December 6, 1906, and was assigned to the Russian Baltic Fleet. He briefly commanded the new cruiser, , in 1909. From 1909 to 1913, Porębski was captain of the minelayer, Yenisei. He was also promoted to the rank of captain on November 26, 1912.

During the early stages of World War I, Porębski was captain of the battleship, , with the Russian Black Sea Fleet and was active in combat operations off of Bulgaria. Porębski was promoted to rear admiral on April 19, 1916, and reassigned to command the cruiser squadron of the Black Sea Fleet. He went into the reserves from November 1916, but was recalled in early 1917, and was placed in command of the fortifications guarding the Gulf of Finland.  Porebski then served as head of the Maritime Department for the Northwestern Front.

Polish Naval career
With the Russian Revolution, Porębski was released from service with the Russian Navy and quickly moved to the newly independent Poland, arriving in Warsaw in November 1918. He founded the predecessor of the Maritime and Colonial League, an organization dedicated to the establishment of a Polish Navy with an overseas colonial presence. From 1919, he joined the Department of Maritime Affairs in the Ministry of National Defense, initiating the Polish Merchant Navy and the Polish Naval Academy in 1920. He also was involved in the purchasing of the training sailing-ship "Lwów", and the expansion of the military harbor in Gdynia.

Porebski also participated in the symbolic Poland's Wedding to the Sea performed by Polish president General Józef Haller in early 1920. During the Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921), Porębski commanded naval units on the Vistula River. In 1921, he was granted the rank of vice admiral and served as chairman of Maritime Affairs in the Department of the Navy. However, in 1925, he became embroiled in a political scandal involving the purchase of obsolete naval mines and was forced to resign his post. He retired from public service in 1927. A criminal investigation that was launched against him in 1928 by the Military Prosecutor's Office was eventually discontinued.

Porębski died on January 21, 1933, in Warsaw, after a long illness and was buried in the Powązki Military Cemetery.

Honors
 Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd class, Russia, 1902
 Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class, Prussia, 1902
 Order of St. Anne 3rd class with swords and bow, Russia, 1904
 Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd class with swords, Russia, 1904
 Order of St. George, 4th class, Russia, 1904
Golden Sword of St. George, Russia, 1907
 Order of St. Anne 2nd class, Russia, 1907
 Order of St Vladimir, 4th class, Russia, 1907
Nichan Iftikhar, Ottoman Empire, 1907
 Order of the Crown of Italy, Commander's Cross, Italy, 1908
 Legion of Honor, Commander, France, 1908
 Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Commander, Italy, 1910
 Order of St Vladimir, 3rd class, Russia, 1914
 Order of the Star of Romania, Romania,
 Cross of Valour (Poland), 1920
 Order of Polonia Restituta, Officer's Cross, Poland, 1920

References

In Polish

Julian Czerwiński, Małgorzata Czerwińska, Maria Babnis, Alfons Jankowski, Jan Sawicki. "Kadry Morskie Rzeczypospolitej. Tom II. Polska Marynarka Wojenna. Część I. Korpus oficerów 1918-1947, Wyd. Wyższa Szkoła Morska, Gdynia 1996,
Kmdr ppor. mgr Piotr Andrzejewski, kmdr ppor. mgr inż. Zygmunt Białogłowski, kpt. mar. mgr inż. Tomasz Dolny, kmdr por. dr Henryk Karwan, kpt. mar. inż. Janusz Królikowski, kadm. Michał Michalski, kmdr por. dypl. Andrzej Walor. "Przegląd Morski", Wyd. kwiecień 2005, nr 4 / 2005, Redakcja Czasopism Marynarki Wojennej, Gdynia 2005, ISSN 0137-7205

In Russian
Page from Russo Japanese war

1872 births
1933 deaths
Military personnel from Vilnius
Polish Navy admirals
Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery
Imperial Russian Navy admirals
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Commanders of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
Naval Cadet Corps alumni

Kazimierz Porębski


Datjoin Rock, also known as Brockman's hide or Brockman's hideout, is a granite rock formation located approximately  east of Beacon and approximately  northwest of Wialki in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.

It is one of the rocks within the Datjoin Well and Rock Reserve which has several unique rock formations. The land was leased to pastoralists in 1872 and the nearby well was built by sandalwood cutters in the early 1900s. From July to October the Reserve is a popular picnic and tourist camping spot with abundant orchids and wildflowers.

The place is also known as Brockman's hideout as it is the place where Lionel Brockman set up a makeshift shelter for his wife and twelve children in caves around the base of the rock as he evaded police for over three months in 1970.

See also
Granite outcrops of Western Australia

References

Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
Rock formations of Western Australia

Datjoin Rock


The Charles O. Boynton House is located in the DeKalb County, Illinois, city of Sycamore. The home is part of the Sycamore Historic District which was designated and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 1978. The Queen Anne style mansion sits on a stretch of Sycamore's Main Street that is dotted with other significant Historic District structures including, the Townsend House and the Townsend Garage. The Boynton House was designed by the same architect who designed the Ellwood House in nearby DeKalb and the David Syme House, another house in the Sycamore Historic District.

C. O. Boynton
Charles O. Boynton was born in 1826 in Rockingham, Vermont. He came to Illinois in 1847 and opened a dry goods store in Chicago. Two years later he moved to Sycamore and opened another store, this time a general store. He began lending money in 1852 by obtaining capital from back East at lower interest rates and then lending locally at a higher rate. He did this until the early 1870s and made a significant amount of money.

After lending Boynton moved on to land speculation. Boynton owned farmland in DeKalb County as well as almost 75,000 acres (300 km2) in Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, and Arkansas. He held nearly 60,000 acres (240 km2) of walnut forests in Arkansas where he owned a lumber mill.

History
Planning for the Charles Boynton House began in 1886, by Boynton. His hand picked architect was George O. Garnsey of Chicago, who had designed a number of prominent structures in DeKalb and in Sycamore. Many of those structures are listed on the National Register either individually or as part of the Sycamore Historic District. The Queen Anne style mansion was completed by April 1887 at a cost of about $12,000.

The house remained in the Boynton family for around 100 years but went through numerous changes throughout its history. In the 1940s the family converted the first floor of the home for use as a gift, antique and women's clothing shop. To add merchandise space they enclosed the porch with glass and consolidated their living quarters to the upper floor. Finally, in 1986, the home left the hands of the Boynton family as third generation Lillian Boynton put the home up for sale, asking $275,000. The home, nearby Charles O. Boynton Carriage House, and surrounding property sold for $207,000.

The home's new owners set about remodeling, mostly the interior of the home. Outside they returned the porch to its 1880s appearance. The third floor had originally held a grand ballroom, said to have been even larger than that in the Ellwood House. At its height the ballroom was lavishly decorated and furnished. Even in the home's last years with Lillian Boynton the ballroom still retained its deteriorated original wallpaper and gas chandeliers. After the sale, the ballroom was gutted to make way for a new master bedroom.

The home hit the market for the third time in a little over 100 years in 1997. Both the home and carriage house passed hands, separately this time, due to bankruptcy proceedings. The home, at  remained a single family home while the carriage house was converted for office space.

On December 16, 2016, the Boynton House was damaged in a fire that originated in the home's carport. Authorities speculated that a carpenter's van owned by a hardwood flooring company that was working on the property ignited, causing an estimated $175,000 in damages. No one was harmed in the fire.

Architecture
The facade is red brick and light colored stone. There is a diagonally placed turret in the mansion's southeast corner, rising above the rest of the house. Bays are formed in the first and second floor rooms within the tower. A prominent oriel projects from the second floor's northeast corner, opposite the tower. Many windows are detailed in stained glass including those in the oriel. The porte-cochere has been remodeled over the years and was originally intended to awe and amaze visitors to the Boynton House.

The home has seen a number of changes aside from the porte-cochere. The front porch has undergone dramatic altering through the years. When Garnsey designed the building he intended the porch as an open and wooden decorative touch. By the turn of the 20th century the porch had been replaced with a brick based porch. The 1940s brought the commercial conversion of the first floor of the home and the porch was enclosed with glass to provide additional space for the business.

References

Buildings and structures in Sycamore Historic District
Houses in DeKalb County, Illinois
Historic district contributing properties in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in DeKalb County, Illinois
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois

Charles O. Boynton House


Manuel José Arce y Fagoaga (1 January 1787 – 14 December 1847) was a decorated Salvadoran General and president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829, followed by Francisco Morazán.

Background
Manuel José Arce was the son of Spaniard Bernardo José de Arce, the Colonial Intendant of the Intendancy of San Salvador from 1800 until 1801, and Antonia Fagoaga. He was born in the Intendancy of San Salvador, what is now El Salvador. In 1801 he was sent to Guatemala to continue his education. There he graduated in philosophy from the Colegio de San Francisco Borja. He began the study of medicine at the Universidad de San Carlos de Borromeo, but it was interrupted because of his father's sickness. In December 1808, he married Felipa de Aranzamendi y Aguiar in San Salvador.

Independence movement
Arce joined the movement for independence from Spain, joining in the first Cry for Independence on November 5, 1811 in San Salvador. It was led by his uncle, José Matías Delgado, the vicar of San Salvador. The rebels held the government for nearly a month before royal authority was restored from Guatemala. Arce was also involved in the second uprising that began January 22, 1814. This cost him four years in prison.

He strongly opposed the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide and its efforts to annex Central America. In April 1822 Manuel Arzú, in command of Guatemalan troops supporting Mexico, occupied the cities of Santa Ana, El Salvador, and Sonsonate. On June 3, 1822, Arzú entered San Salvador, reaching the Plaza Mayor. Nine hours of fighting resulted in many casualties and burned houses. Colonel Arce was one of the commanders of the Salvadoran defenders.

Arce was also a member of the resistance towards the movement that was requesting annexation to the United States. The government of El Salvador had requested annexation to the United States on December 2, 1822.

In October 1823 he left the United States to return to El Salvador. He stopped in Mexico. There he tried to raise a force to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule but it failed.

As president
Also in October 1823 he was elected a member of the executive triumvirate of Central America. He accepted this post on March 15, 1824 on his return to the country, serving until October 20, 1824. During this time the government succeeded in pacifying Nicaragua, with a minimum of violence.

Presidential elections were held in 1825, and José Cecilio del Valle won the most votes. The Liberals, however, controlled the federal Congress, and they decided that Valle had not won an absolute majority. They chose Arce as president. He served from April 29, 1825 to April 13, 1829.

He soon lost the support of the Liberals in Congress. After 1826 neither house of the federal Congress met. Arce obtained some support from the clergy and the Conservative Party, but there were difficulties with the State of Guatemala. He deposed the Guatemalan state governor, Juan Barrundia, a Liberal, and replaced him. The Salvadoran state government was angry and rebelled, and a civil war started that lasted from 1826 to 1829. On 1829 Arce called Vice President Mariano Beltranena y Llano to temporarily exercise the presidency, but when Arce wanted to resume it, Beltranena refused and remained in office until April 1829 when the liberals troops entered Guatemala City and overthrew his administration.

Later life
In 1832 he was in Soconusco in Mexico, where he organized a military expedition against the federal government of Francisco Morazán. Arce was defeated on February 24, 1832.

He finally returned to El Salvador in 1842, but soon he fled to Honduras and Guatemala. In April and May 1844 he directed some armed attempts to overthrow Francisco Malespín in El Salvador. He returned again to the country in the middle of 1845. He left politics for a more private life in 1846, working on his book Brief Indications for the Reorganization of Central America.

Arce died in poverty in San Salvador on December 14, 1847. His remains were interred at La Merced Church in San Salvador. On November 28, 1947 the Legislature elevated the town of El Chilamatal to a city, renaming it in the process city of Ciudad Arce.

External links
  Short biography
  Brief biography
 Some background information from Britannica Online

1786 births
1847 deaths
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala alumni
Heads of state of the Federal Republic of Central America
Salvadoran people of Spanish descent
Salvadoran independence activists

Manuel José Arce


E.403 is a class of electric locomotives to be used on fast freight trains by the Italian railway company FS Trenitalia. It is designed and manufactured in Italy by AnsaldoBreda.

History
In the early 2000s Trenitalia developed plans to expand its freight operations into mainland Europe, especially on the Italy-Austria-Germany corridor. A new locomotive had to be conceived for the plans to become reality, and was originally designated E.402C. It was a further evolution of the E.402B locomotive, with additional equipment to operate in these countries and substantially different Hembot bogies. The locomotives would originally be delivered between 2004 and 2006.

The programme started to suffer major blows: as AnsaldoBreda built this locomotive series exclusively for Trenitalia, on a non-standard platform (unlike the TRAXX and EuroSprinter locomotives which share standard components) the costs were exploding. The locomotive was downsized with the removal of the 1.5 kV and 15 kV parts and French, German and Austrian safety systems. Instead Trenitalia took 51% of the shares in TXLogistik and sought approval for its E.412 locomotives in Austria and Germany. The (limited) Austrian and German approval was given in 2006, with TXLogistik drivers operating the trains in Austria and Germany.

The E.402C programme was renamed E.403 in 2005, with its characteristics finalised in the same year: the locomotive would now be used on fast freight trains, partly operating on the new high-speed lines. Delivery started in 2006 and approval was planned for 2007. However, by February 2010 no freight train has ever run on HS lines, and the E.403 are not yet entered in regular service. In the early months of 2010 Trenitalia decided to assign these locomotives to the Passenger Division.

See also
 FS Class E.402

References

E.403
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2006
AnsaldoBreda locomotives
Multi-system locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
Freight locomotives
Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe

FS Class E.403


The New Orleans Owls (active 1922–29) were an early jazz band from New Orleans that descended from The Invincibles String band and recorded 23 sides for Columbia from 1925 to 1927 on 78 rpm phonograph record. They are reportedly the first group to record by the electric system operating from a mobile recording van. They played principally for the dancers in the ballroom of the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans. The replaced Abbie Brunies' Halfway House Orchestra at the Halfway House dancehall in the late 1920s.

Members included Bill Padron (very much in the Paul Mares school) (ct), Benjie White (cl, as, leader), Lester Smith (ts), Mose Farrar (p), Rene Gelpi (bjo, g), Dan LeBlanc (tu), Earl Crumb (d), Frank Netto (tb), Pinky Vidacovitch (cl, as) and Sigfre Christensen (p). Their records are not as collectible as those of similar bands like the New Orleans Rhythm Kings or the Friar's Society Orchestra, but will still fetch a hundred dollars or more at auction if they are in excellent condition.

References

External links
 New Orleans Owls recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.

Jazz musicians from New Orleans
Gennett Records artists
American jazz ensembles from New Orleans

New Orleans Owls


"! (The Song Formerly Known As)" is a song by Australian rock band Regurgitator. The song was released as a double-A sided single with "Modern Life" in September 1998 as the fourth and final single from the band's second studio album Unit. The single peaked at number 28 in Australia and it also ranked at number 6 on Triple J's Hottest 100 in 1998, with the single's bonus track "I Like Your Old Remix Better Than Your New Remix" being ranked at number 27.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1999, the song was nominated for three awards; Best Group, Best Video and Single of the Year.

Music video
The music video for the song was filmed in Tokyo with the band members being filmed in various locations throughout the city.

Critical reception
In 2014, Clem Bastow from The Guardian said "'!' is unmatched: it's a towering slab of electronic fuzz, tailor made for giant stadiums and the sort of raves that bring to mind The Matrix's Zion scenes, and yet the song is about staying home and listening to records in the living room with your significant other."

In 2015, the song was listed at number 60 in In the Mix's 100 Greatest Australian Dance Tracks of All Time with Nick Jarvis saying "The best track on the album (and arguably the best track the 'Gurge has written yet) – a dance track played by a live band about how dancing around your living room with bae wearing ugly pants is so much better than going out to loud, smoky clubs.".

In 2019, Tyler Jenke from The Brag ranked Regurgitator's best songs, with "!" coming it at number 1. Jenke said "Ask anyone from the era, and they'll all agree that '! (The Song Formerly Known As)' is Regurgitator's finest moment.. it managed to become their shining glory, with lyrics that describe just sitting back and avoiding clubs, raves, and concerts in favor of a comfy lounge room in suburbia." calling the song "an essential piece of Aussie music history."

Junkee said, "Even at their most ribald, they still sound like an out-of-control after-school care group going to town on a bunch of poor, unsuspecting instruments. "!" isn't even really a song. It's a work of punkish extravagance, dressed in nothing but a streak of yellow paint and with murder on its mind. "

Track listings

Charts

Release history

References

1997 songs
1998 singles
Regurgitator songs
Song recordings produced by Magoo (Australian producer)
Songs written by Quan Yeomans
Warner Music Australasia singles

! (The Song Formerly Known As)


Jonathan Blair (1941) was an American photographer who has worked for the National Geographic Society since 1970s. His photographs have been published in Time, Life and Newsweek, and The New York Times Magazine, as well as in a photographic book called Outlaw Trail, which was an international best seller. His photography is diverse, ranging from underwater shipwrecks, to wildlife on the Pacific Islands to the Wild West in the United States. However, he specializes in natural history and deep ocean photography.

Biography
Blair was born in 1941 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

He began his photography career at Northwestern University as a darkroom technician where he took pictures of various stars for Dearborn Observatory. Later, while on a trip to White Sands, New Mexico to help set up an observatory, he realized that it was his passion to become a landscape photographer. After this revelation, he soon enrolled at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) to pursue his degree in illustrative photography. One summer, he got a position with the National Park Service of Yosemite National Park and became the park's photographer and later, a park ranger. During his time there, he published many photographs for the United States Department of the Interior which helped him earn credits towards a bachelor's degree in fine arts and photography. It also helped to secure him a position as an intern for the National Geographic magazine. His first assignment for National Geographic was in 1966. He was able to participate in numerous expeditions to Africa, Asia Minor, and Europe.

Since the 1970s, he has published numerous articles with photographs in National Geographic, including The Last Dive of I-52, which he wrote after he took a  dive in the Atlantic Ocean.

Jonathan passed away in 2017 at his home in upstate New York after an illness.

Achievements
For the 1984 National Geographic Cover, Blair created a 3D hologram of the African Taung Child, in collaboration with optical scientist Kenneth Haines.

In 2001, he became the Director of Media Development for Nauticos Corporation, an ocean discovery company. His first assignment with them was taking underwater images during their search for Amelia Earhart's airplane.

He collaborated with author Robert Redford, by photographing the illustrations in his book about the badmen of the Wild West. The book, Outlaw Trail, was an international best seller.

One of his pictures, titled "Old man with beard and glasses (Turkey)" is digitally included among the photographs carried onboard Voyager I and Voyager II spacecraft, which are heading out of the Solar System.

References

American photographers
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)

Jonathan Blair


José María Maravall Herrero is a Spanish academic and a politician of the Spanish Socialist Party.

Education
Maravall holds doctorates from both the Complutense University of Madrid and Oxford University, as well as a Honorary D.Litt. from Warwick University.

Career
Maravall was, until his retirement, the director of the Centre for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (CEACS -Juan March Institute in Madrid) and a professor at the Complutense University of Madrid. He has taught at the University of Warwick and, as a visiting professor, at the universities of New York (NYU), Columbia, Harvard, and the European University Institute (Florence). He has had a long personal political experience, first in underground anti-Francoist politics and later, under democracy, in social democratic politics. He was the Spanish Minister of Education and Science from 1982 to 1988, and was a member of the Spanish Parliament.

Awards and honors
Maravall is an Honorary Fellow of St. Antony's College (Oxford), a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.  He is a "Commandeur de l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques" in France and has won the National Award for Political Science and Sociology in Spain.

Works

 Dictatorship and Political Dissent (Dictadura y Disentimiento Político), St. Martin's Press, 1978
 The Transition to Democracy in Spain (La Política de la Transición), St. Martin's Press, 1982
 Economic Reforms in New Democracies (co-author with Luiz Carlos Bresser and Adam Przeworski), Cambridge University Press, 1993
 Los Resultados de la Democracia, Alianza Editorial, 1995
 Regimes, Politics and Markets, Oxford University Press, 1997
 El Control de los Políticos, Taurus, 2003
 Democracy and the Rule of Law (co-editor with Adam Przeworski), Cambridge University Press, 2003
 La Confrontación Politica, Taurus, 2008
 Controlling Governments (co-editor with Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca), Cambridge University Press 2008
 Las Promesas Políticas, Galaxia Gutenberg 2013
 Demands on Democracy, Oxford University Press, 2016
  La Democracia y la Izquierda, Galaxia Gutenberg 2021.

External links
 El PP crispa para que no voten los centristas and Los partidos de izquierda son para muchos una vía para resolver sus problemas materiales, two interviews with Maravall by El País. Adam Przeworski and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca (eds.), Democracy and Socialdemocracy: Hommage to José María Maravall (CEPCO). Maria Antonia Iglesias, La Memoria Recuperada, Madrid: Taurus, 2003.

1942 births
Living people
Politicians from Madrid
Spanish political scientists
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Government ministers of Spain
Members of the 3rd Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy

José María Maravall


D. Ronald Daniel was a longtime top senior partner and director at management consultancy McKinsey & Company, serving as managing director (chief executive) from 1976 to 1988. He graduated from Wesleyan University with a B.A. in mathematics in 1952 and received an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School in 1954.

Career
After graduating with his MBA in 1954, Daniel served as an officer of the U.S. Navy Supply corps, where he worked with early IBM mainframes. He joined McKinsey & Company, Inc. in 1957 and was a senior partner from 1968 to 1990. He served as managing director for twelve years (1976-1988) — preceding Fred Gluck — and is currently senior partner emeritus of the firm.

At McKinsey, Daniel developed the concept of "success factors", which led to the emergence of critical success factors, those "areas of [business] activity that should receive constant and careful attention from management". He hired and mentored future managing director Rajat Gupta. He was Jeffrey Skilling's former boss before Skilling became CEO of Enron.

In 2004, he described himself as "the bridge between McKinsey's founding generation and the present".

Outside McKinsey, he was a director of Yum! Brands and chairman of New York-based private equity firm Ripplewood Holdings.

Non-profit

Daniel has a longtime affiliation with Harvard University. He served for many years as treasurer of the university. Daniel was also a member of the Harvard Corporation, the institution's ultimate governing body, and chairman of the board of the Harvard Medical School. He was also chairman of the Harvard Management Company, which oversees over $20 billion in assets and endowments.

Daniel also holds an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Wesleyan and is chairman emeritus of the school's board of trustees. He is a member of the board of Thirteen/WNET (New York's public broadcasting station). He is also a member of the board of the Brookings Institution, and a trustee of Rockefeller University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Council on Foreign Relations.

References

21st-century American engineers
Wesleyan University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Living people
McKinsey & Company people
Rockefeller Foundation people
20th-century American businesspeople
Year of birth missing (living people)

Ron Daniel


Sir Charles Stuart Bayley, GCIE, KCSI, ISO (17 March 1854 – 19 September 1935) was a British colonial administrator in India.

The son of Captain Daniel Bayley, of the East India Company's Bengal Cavalry and the grandson of William Butterworth Bayley, Bayley was educated at Harrow School and Heidelberg University. He was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1877 and entered the Indian Civil Service the same year.

In India, Bayley was Under-Secretary to the Governments of Bengal and India. Political Agent in Bikaner, General Superintendent of operations for the suppression of Thagi and Dakaiti, Agent to the Governor-General in Central India, Officiating Lieutenant-Governor in Eastern Bengal and Assam; Resident at Hyderabad, Lieutenant-Governor of Eastern Bengal and Assam until 1912, and the first Lieutenant-Governor of Bihar and Orissa from 1912 to 1915. He was a member of the Council of India from 1915 to 1924.

He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in the 1903 Durbar Honours, and later promoted to Knight Commander of the order (KCSI). He was also appointed a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE).

References

1854 births
1935 deaths
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
People educated at Harrow School
Heidelberg University alumni
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Members of the Council of India
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Companions of the Imperial Service Order

Charles Bayley