Wu Dixi (, born 1962 in Nanhai, Guangdong) is a retired Chinese female badminton player.

Career
Wu was part of a cadre of Chinese players who dominated women's international badminton after China became a member of the International Badminton Federation in 1981. She won the 1982 and 1984 All-England Championships and the 1983 IBF World Championships in women's doubles with Lin Ying. Wu played on the world champion Chinese Uber Cup (women's international) teams of 1984 and 1986. She was perhaps world class badminton's most effective practitioner of the "spin seve," in which the shuttle is struck on the side of the feathers rather than on the cork—producing a highly erratic flight, until it was banned by the International Badminton Federation (now Badminton World Federation) after her first All England victory. Though primarily a doubles player, Wu won singles at both the German and Swedish Opens in 1982.

External links
All England champions 1899-2007

Badminton players from Guangdong
Living people
Asian Games medalists in badminton
People from Nanhai District
Chinese female badminton players
Badminton players at the 1982 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
1962 births
21st-century Chinese women

Wu Dixi


Mieczysław Fogg (born Mieczysław Fogiel; 30 May 1901, Warsaw3 September 1990, Warsaw) was a Polish singer and artist. His popularity started well before World War II and continued well into the 1980s. He had a characteristic way of staying very serious yet slightly emotional on stage when singing. Fogg had a lyric baritone voice and can be compared to French Tino Rossi in style.

Biography

Mieczysław Fogiel was born 30 May 1901 in Warsaw, then a province gubernia capital in Russian Empire. His father was Antoni Fogiel (1874–1924), a engine driver, mother was Anna Apolonia Fogiel née Beck (1877–1967), a shopkeeper, he had six siblings. He spent his childhood there and, after graduating from a local gymnasium in 1922, he started working as a railway worker. About that time, he also joined the choir of the St. Anne's Church. There his friend, Ludwik Sempoliński, made him join the classes of music organized by Jan Łysakowski, Eugeniusz Mossakowski, Wacław Brzeziński, Ignacy Dygas and many other notable Polish musicians of the epoch. Initially a hobbyist, in 1928 he met Władysław Daniłowski Dan, who chose him as a soloist for his newly formed Dan's Choir. The choir became extremely popular the following year when Jerzy Petersburski's song Tango Milonga became an international hit. This and other tangos and romances performed by the choir in the famous Qui pro Quo theatre led Fogiel to become one of the most popular Polish singers. After 1932, Fogiel, under a new pseudonym of Fogg, toured a number of countries, including Germany, Latvia, the Soviet Union, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Austria and Italy. In the United States, the group toured over 31 states.

His popularity was increased by the fact that Fogg was keen on languages and was able to sing in local languages of the countries he toured. He also appeared in a number of duos with other popular artists of the time, including Hanka Ordonówna, Stefcia Górska, Zula Pogorzelska and Adolf Dymsza. He also appeared in 11 films. After the Dana Choir was disbanded in 1938, Fogg started a solo career. The same year, he was chosen as the most popular Polish singer by the Polish Radio. He toured the country with a trio consisting of himself, Mira Zimińska and Tadeusz Sygietyński. Among the authors of his songs was also Marian Hemar.

After the outbreak of World War II, Fogg remained in Warsaw, where he joined the underground Armia Krajowa. He gave concerts in the few cafes available to Poles under German occupation. During the Warsaw Uprising, he gave countless concerts both on the barricades, in hospitals and in the bomb shelters beneath the city. For his efforts to keep high the morale of the soldiers and civilians of the fighting city, he was awarded with some of the highest Polish decorations. Fogg was also one of the Polish Righteous among the Nations. He hid a Jewish family of Ivo Wesby in his apartment until the end of World War II.

After the war, in 1945, he opened up his own cafe in the ruins of Warsaw. The cafe, located at 119 Marszałkowska Street, was the first music theatre opened after the war in the destroyed city and served as one of the very few centres of culture. However, the following year, it was nationalized by the new communist authorities of Poland and closed soon afterwards. Fogg continued to give hundreds of concerts in all parts of Poland and also headed his private music record firm Fogg Records, which shared the fate of Fogg's cafe in 1951. His popularity as a singer remained high and in 1958 he was again chosen the most popular Polish singer by the audience of the Polish Radio – 20 years after he was given the same title for the first time.

He continued to give concerts almost until his death in 1990. Throughout his 60-year long career, he gave more than 16,000 of them in all countries of Europe, Brasil, Israel, Ceylon, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the US. His everlasting popularity led to the creation of a number of anecdotes. In one of them, the Polish archaeologists supposedly discovered an Egyptian mummy. After they unfolded it, they were surprised by the mummy asking a short question: "Is Fogg still giving concerts?"

Mieczysław Fogg died in Warsaw on 3 September 1990 and is buried at the Bródno Cemetery.

See also
 To ostatnia niedziela

References

Sources

External links

  Retrieved 14 February 2008.
 Mieczysław Fogg  at Yad Vashem website.

1901 births
1990 deaths
Catholic Righteous Among the Nations
Musicians from Warsaw
Polish Righteous Among the Nations
Tango in Poland
Warsaw Uprising insurgents
Recipient of the Meritorious Activist of Culture badge
Baritones
Baritones from the Russian Empire
Tango singers
Burials at Bródno Cemetery
Home Army members
People from Warsaw
Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
Polish male singers
20th-century Polish male singers
Music industry executives
Polish businesspeople
Tango musicians

Mieczysław Fogg


A desert combat boot is a type of combat boot designed specifically for use in humid or arid regions for desert warfare, where a traditional or standard issued black leather combat boot might be deemed uncomfortable or unnecessary. Like jungle boots, desert boots may implement similar designs; such as nylon canvas sides, speed lacing, and drainage vents on the instep. Boots made for desert warfare may commonly come in colors such as tan or beige, and range from dark to lighter versions of the two.

History and use
While the history of the desert boot can trace its lineage back to the basic brown leather Chukka type boots worn by British and Australian commonwealth forces of North Africa in WWII, current modern incarnations of the boot did not come until the 1970s from nations like Saudi Arabia, who fielded the first traditional direct molded sole, camel-skin beige style boot for use by the Royal Saudi Land Force, with the "zig-zag" sole of the boots inspired directly by the American made black leather "McNamara boot".

The development of the American desert boot dates back to 1989, in conjunction with the development of a new simple all-black leather and nylon jungle boot to replace the vast quantities of Vietnam War-era black and olive green boots that had been issued since 1967, many of which were reaching the end of their service life after over twenty years of use. Wellco Enterprises of North Carolina was awarded a contract by the U.S. Army Natick Laboratory to assist with a new desert boot concept, an initiative backed by Norman Schwarzkopf, the U.S. Commander of CENTCOM. At the time, Wellco was also producing the newer all-leather black combat boot ("Boots Combat, Mildew & Water resistant, Direct Molded Sole"). They shipped several rounds of prototype improved desert boots to Natick under the development contract.

The Gulf War required a large ground force to operate in desert conditions, an environment not encountered by U.S. troops since the North African Campaign in early World War II. The majority of the boots available at the start of the Gulf War were not suited for the harsher desert conditions of the Middle East. Schwarzkopf, being a very public figure, was noted as sporting a pair of Saudi-made desert boots and was seen wearing the American-made desert combat boot during the final phase of the war. The first American-made versions came into existence due in part to input and opinion by Schwarzkopf's experience wearing the Saudi boot.

During trial and fielding, Schwarzkopf requested several features of the new American desert combat boot, including:

 A rough tan suede material with tan nylon siding and laces.
 5-6 speed-lace eyelets for faster tying.
 Use of the distinct Vietnam War era Panama-sole tread pattern on the bottom of the boot.
 Elimination of the steel protection plate, which caused heat to be retained when the boot came into contact with hot sand.
 The elimination of the drainage vents at the instep to prevent sand from entering the boot.

At the same time, the high rate of mobilization called for continued orders of the standard jungle boot, as well as all versions of the black all-leather combat boots, with overlapping manufacturing of the older models and the development of the new boot. By November 1990, the rate of use in the Gulf was so high that an all-out acceleration of the Desert Boot was demanded from Wellco. By December a pair of prototype boots was finished and delivered personally to Schwarzkopf along with commitments to high-rate manufacturing in the coming months.

Initially, General Schwarzkopf was not happy with the prototype desert boots he received from Wellco or with the other commercial and prototypes reviewed. Development of the desert boot was briefly halted while waiting on a decision on how to proceed. The Wellco ND914 Desert Boot was chosen from nine contenders and, during October 1990 and early January 1991, procurement gears began to turn with the first 5,000 pairs delivered on January 15, 1991. Eventually all of General Schwarzkopf's concerns were met and the updated version was made by four manufactures. Wellco Enterprises, Altama Delta Corp (Georgia), Belleville Shoe (Illinois), and McRae Industries (North Carolina). To this day, several of these companies continue to manufacture the original issued "Boots Combat, Mildew & Water resistant, Direct Molded Sole", the leather and nylon "Boots, Hot Weather, Black" Jungle boot, and the original Desert Combat boots in the Panama sole style and other tread styles.

By 1993, the Army had adopted the desert boot in large quantity for operations in Somalia during UNOSOM II. And worn by the 75th Ranger Regiment in Operation Gothic Serpent, made heavy use of the Desert Combat boot.

Later development, 2000s and today
After the Gulf War, the desert boot became a common staple among U.S. troops deployed to the Persian Gulf, when worn in conjunction with the Desert Battle Dress Uniform or Desert Camouflage Uniform, while the black leather combat boot was relegated to stateside deployment, overseas bases in Europe, and peacekeeping zones like Bosnia and Kosovo when wearing of the woodland Battle Dress Uniform was appropriate.

In 2001 and 2003, when American troops deployed to places like Afghanistan or Iraq, and in addition to constant deployment cycles, branches like the United States Marine Corps and the United States Army began experimenting with boots that would require less maintenance. The Corps became the first branch to completely abandon the traditional all-black combat boot, in favor of a simple tan, hot weather or temperate weather rough-out boots manufactured by Belleville Shoe Co instead. The Army later followed suit a few years later with the adoption of the Army Combat Uniform, which were accompanied by the tan Army Combat Boot. In 2015, with the eventual adoption of the new Operational Camouflage Pattern, the Army again changed its official boot color from tan to a darker shade, Coyote brown, while retaining the same style and appearance of the ACB.

External links

United States Army uniforms
Military boots

Desert combat boot


Joseph von Quarin (November 19, 1733 – March 19, 1814) was an Austrian physician born in Vienna.

At the age of 15, he obtained his PhD in Vienna, followed by studies of medicine at the University of Freiburg. In 1751 he received his medical doctorate, afterwards returning to Vienna, where in 1754 he attained the title of professor. At Vienna he gave lectures in anatomy and pharmacology, and on six occasions, he served as university rector. Among his medical students was Samuel Hahnemann, who later founded a system of therapeutics known as homeopathy.

In 1758 he was appointed to the Imperial Council as a medical officer by Maria Theresa. In 1784 he was chosen director of the Allgemeines Krankenhaus in Vienna by Joseph II. He is credited for developing the hospital into a model European institution. Also, through his initiative, a Findelhaus (foundling hospital) was established in 1788.

Selected writings
 Tentamen de Cicuta, 1761 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 Methodus medendarum febrium, 1772
 Methodus medendarum inflammationum, 1773
 Heilmethode der Entzündungen, 1776 - Methods of cure for inflammation.
 Betrachtungen über die Hospitäler Wiens, 1784 - Considerations involving Vienna hospitals.
 Animadversiones practicae in diversos morbos, 1786.
 Neues Quarinisches Dispensatorium : zum Gebrauche der Spitäler und anderer milden Anstalten für arme Kranke ; nebst der beigef. Taxe für die Arzneimittel . de Paula Merr, Innsbruck 1790 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

References
 NDB/ADB Deutsche Biographie

18th-century Austrian physicians
Physicians from Vienna
1733 births
1814 deaths

Joseph von Quarin


Charles Hartley (12 February 1865 – 26 Jan 1935) was a British educationist and the Principal of Royal College, Colombo (1903–1919).

Born in Beccles, Suffolk, he was educated at Fauconberg Grammar School, Beccles, then at Marlborough College (1879–1883). He went on to Magdalene College, Cambridge, captaining Magdalen College Cricket Team and graduating B.A. in 1887.

Starting a career in teaching he became the classics master of Cathedral School, Worcester; modern language and classics master at Christ college Brecon and later at Marlborough College. In September 1896 he joined the teaching staff of Royal College as lecturer in modern languages and English and was the acting principal in October 1897 to August 1898. He was appointed principal in June 1903 and served till May 1919. In 1915, during World War I, he served as the assistant censor in Ceylon (German) and was the acting director of public instruction in 1910.

During his tenure as principal Hartley overcome efforts to abolish the Royal College between 1908 and 1916. An enthusiastic yachtsmen, he owned the yacht "Fiona" and was the Hon. Secretary Colombo Sailing Club. He died in British Columbia, Canada.

References

1865 births
1935 deaths
British educational theorists
People from British Ceylon
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
People from Beccles
Principals of Royal College, Colombo

Charles Hartley (educationist)


Orwa Nyrabia (; born 16 December 1977) is an independent documentary film festival artistic director, producer, filmmaker, trainer, human rights defender and co-founder of DOX BOX International Documentary Film Festival in Syria. Nyrabia is a resident of Berlin, Germany, since the end of 2013  In January 2018 Nyrabia became the director of International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA).

Education and career

Nyrabia graduated with a degree of acting from the Higher Institute for Dramatic Arts in Damascus, Syria. From 1997 to 2002, Nyrabia wrote regularly for Lebanese daily As-Safir. In 2004, he starred in Yousry Nasrallah's "The Gate of Sun". The film, an adaptation of Elias Khoury's novel with the same name, was screened at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. Nyrabia also worked on several feature films as a first assistant director.

The festival started with screenings in Damascus cinemas but from 2009 on screenings were expanded to other Syrian cities including Homs and Tartus. Along with the annual festival, many workshops and activities were offered to young Syrian filmmakers. His work with DOX BOX earned him and his partner, Diana El Jeiroudi, several awards including the Katrin Cartlidge Award and the European Documentary Award in 2012.

The most significant of the films Nyrabia produced was the 2008 documentary Dolls, A Woman from Damascus, by Diana El Jeiroudi, the film was screened in over 40 countries around the world, on Television, in festivals and Art exhibitions.

In 2013, while residing in Egypt., Nyrabia produced the documentary film Return to Homs, by Syrian filmmaker Talal Derki, and the film became the very first film from the Arab World to open the prestigious IDFA, in November 2013., Return To Homs won many awards including the Grand Jury Prize of 2014 Sundance Film Festival.

In 2014, he was one of the producers of the highly acclaimed film Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait, directed by seasoned Syrian filmmaker Ossama Mohammed in collaboration with Wiam Simav Bedirxan , premiered at the Cannes Film Festival Official Selection, and received highest critical claim by major outlets such as Le Monde and Variety. Nyrabia's success in 2014 was highlighted by CBS's show 60 Minutes on December 15, 2014.

Nyrabia served on the juries of many international film festivals and funds, including IDFA, Prince Claus Fund and Dok Leipzig, among others. He also worked as a documentary film tutor at various prestigious workshops, such as the IDFA Academy  and the Encounters documentary workshop in Cape Town, South Africa. In June 2017, Nyrabia, together with his partner Diana El Jeiroudi, were the very first Syrians to be invited as members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Activism
Nyrabia's role in the drafting of the Syrian filmmakers' international Call in late April 2011, which is the Syrian uprising's first public statement by a professional group, is known to be central. The call was signed by over 70 Syrian filmmakers, inviting filmmakers around the world to join in demanding democracy for Syria. Stars like Juliette Binoche, Mohsen Makhmalbaf. Mike Leigh were among more than one thousand international film professionals who joined the call.

Nyrabia has been one of the unnamed people behind Syria's most famous grassroots revolutionary organization, Local Coordination Committees  in Syria, working on activists' support and humanitarian aid to displaced citizens. Arabic media praised Nyrabia for his role in humanitarian work, mainly to displaced civilians from Homs,.
It is known that Nyrabia worked closely with renowned Syrian opposition figures and activists, such as Riad Seif and Razan Zaitouneh.
Nyrabia's father, Mouaffaq Nyrabia, is also a known Leftist political dissident, previously detained by the Syrian authorities, and has been the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces's representative to the EU in the years 2013-2015 and then the Coalition's Vice President in 2016.

Since Razan Zaitouneh was abducted late 2013 in Douma, near Damascus, by an unknown group of extremists, Nyrabia became the temporary Acting Director of the organization she founded and directed, Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria (VDC).

Detention
Nyrabia was reportedly arrested at Damascus International Airport by Syrian authorities on 23 August 2012. His family lost contact with him shortly before he was supposed to board an EgyptAir flight to Cairo. The airline company confirmed that Nyrabia did not board their flight. He was reportedly released on 12 September.
Later on, Nyrabia announced on his personal Facebook page that the Syrian Military Intelligence was responsible for his detention. Nyrabia was released following an international filmmakers' campaign for his freedom, in which thousands of film professionals from around the world demanded his freedom in the media. These included Robert De Niro, Robert Redford, Charlotte Rampling, Kevin Spacey, Juliette Binoche and many others. The campaign was a rare example of successful pressure on the Syrian government, as it was the reason why he was released without charges. Following his release, Nyrabia published a letter of thanks to everybody who participated in the campaign

References

External links

DOX BOX International Documentary Film Festival in Syria
Proaction Film
Violations Documentation Center

1977 births
Living people
Syrian film directors
Syrian writers
Syrian male film actors
Syrian film producers
People from Homs
Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts (Damascus) alumni
Documentary film producers
Syrian documentary filmmakers

Orwa Nyrabia


Australia uses three main time zones: Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST; UTC+10:00), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST; UTC+09:30) and Australian Western Standard Time (AWST; UTC+08:00).

Time is regulated by the individual state governments, some of which observe daylight saving time (DST). Daylight saving time (+1 hour) is used between the first Sunday in October and the first Sunday in April in jurisdictions in the south and south-east:
 New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Jervis Bay Territory and the Australian Capital Territory switches to the Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT; UTC+11:00), and
 South Australia switches to the Australian Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT; UTC+10:30).

Standard time was introduced in the 1890s when all of the Australian colonies adopted it. Before the switch to standard time zones, each local city or town was free to determine its local time, called local mean time. Now, Western Australia uses Western Standard Time; South Australia and the Northern Territory use Central Standard Time; while New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Jervis Bay Territory, and the Australian Capital Territory use Eastern Standard Time. Daylight saving time is not currently used in Western Australia, the Northern Territory or Queensland.

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands uses UTC+06:30 year round, Christmas Island uses UTC+07:00 year round, while Norfolk Island uses UTC+11:00 as standard time and UTC+12:00 as daylight saving time.

History

The standardisation of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six colonies in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time.

The colonies enacted time zone legislation, which took effect in February 1895. The clocks were set ahead of GMT by 8 hours in Western Australia; by 9 hours in South Australia (and the Northern Territory, which it governed); and by 10 hours in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania. The three time zones became known as Western Standard Time, Central Standard Time, and Eastern Standard Time. Broken Hill in the far west of New South Wales (strictly speaking, the county of Yancowinna) also adopted Central Standard Time due to it being connected at the time by rail to Adelaide but not Sydney.

In May 1899, in a break with the common international practice of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes after lobbying by businesses who wanted to be closer to Melbourne time and cricketers and footballers who wanted more daylight to practice in the evenings. It also meant that South Australia became one of only a few places in the world which uses a time-zone meridian located outside of its geographical boundaries. Attempts to undo this change in 1986 and 1994 failed.

In 1911, when the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, the Territory kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the ACT and Jervis Bay Territory were broken off from New South Wales, they retained Eastern Standard Time.

Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones have been setting of clocks half an hour later than Eastern time (GMT plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island changing from UTC+11:30 to UTC+11:00 on 4 October 2015.

When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted; however, the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America.

Civil time and legislation
Though the governments of the states and territories have the power to legislate variations in time, the standard time within each of these is set related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as determined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and set by section 8AA of the National Measurement Act of 1960 of the Commonwealth.

Australia has kept a version of the UTC atomic time scale since the 1990s, but Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard times of all of the states until 2005. In November 2004, the state and territory attorneys-general endorsed a proposal from the Australian National Measurement Institute to adopt UTC as the standard of all Australian standard times, thereby eliminating the effects of slight variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth that are inherent in mean solar time. All jurisdictions have adopted the UTC standard, starting on 1 September 2005.

In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT, the starting and ending dates of daylight saving times are officially determined by proclamations, declarations, or regulation made by the State Governor or by the responsible minister. Such instruments may be valid for only the current year, and so this section generally only refers to the legislation. In New South Wales and Western Australia, the starting and ending dates, if any, are to be set by legislation.

Australian Western Standard Time (AWST) – UTC+08:00

Western Australia – Standard Time Act 2005

Australian Central Standard Time (ACST) – UTC+09:30

South Australia – Standard Time Act 2009 and the Daylight Saving Act 1971
Northern Territory – Standard Time Act 2005
Australian Western Central Standard Time (AWCST) UTC+8:45

 Small portion of south eastern corner of Western Australia
 Used in following towns: Border Village, Eucla, Mundrabilla, Madura, Cocklebiddy

Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) – UTC+10:00

Queensland – Standard Time Act 1894
New South Wales – Standard Time Act 1987 No 149
Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory – Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
Victoria – Summer Time Act 1972
Tasmania – Standard Time Act 1895 and the Daylight Saving Act 2007

Daylight saving time (DST)

The choice of whether to use DST is a matter for the governments of the individual states and territories. However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories used daylight saving time (DST). In 1968 Tasmania became the first state to use DST in peacetime, followed in 1971 by New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory. Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not adopt it. Queensland abandoned DST in 1972. Queensland and Western Australia have occasionally used DST during the past 40 years during trial periods.

The main DST zones are the following:
 (Australian) Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT or CDST) – UTC+10:30, in South Australia and Broken Hill, New South Wales
 (Australian) Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT or EDST) – UTC+11:00, in New South Wales, the ACT, Victoria, and Tasmania

During the usual periods of DST, the three standard time zones in Australia become five zones. This includes the areas that do not observe DST: Western Australia (UTC+08:00), the Northern Territory (UTC+09:30), and Queensland (UTC+10:00).

The change to and from DST takes place at 02:00 local standard time the appropriate Sunday. Until 2008, DST usually began on the last Sunday in October, and ended on the last Sunday in March. However, Tasmania, given its latitude further south, began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and ended it later, on the first Sunday of April.

On 12 April 2007, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the ACT agreed to common beginning and ending dates for DST from 2008. DST in these states and South Australia began on the first Sunday in October and ended on the first Sunday in April. Western Australia was then the only state to use DST from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March, but it abolished DST in 2009.

Anomalies

Unlike the rest of New South Wales, Broken Hill and the surrounding region (specified as Yancowinna County) observes Australian Central Standard Time (UTC+09:30), a time zone it shares with nearby South Australia and the Northern Territory.

Heron Island,  off the coast off Gladstone in Queensland, has two time zones: the island resort follows DST all year round, whereas "the Marine Research Centre and the Parks and Wildlife office on the island remain on Eastern Standard Time. Resort manager Alistair Cooray says no-one is sure how the time zone came about. 'I believe it started in the late '50s early '60s as a way to give the guests a bit more daylight time on the island and no-one knows for sure though.

Lord Howe Island, part of the state of New South Wales but  east of the Australian mainland in the Pacific Ocean, uses UTC+10:30 during the winter months (30 minutes ahead of the eastern states), but advances to UTC+11:00 in summer (the same time as the rest of New South Wales).

A compromise between Western and Central time (UTC+08:45, without DST), unofficially known as Central Western Standard Time, is used in one area in the southeastern corner of Western Australia and one roadhouse in South Australia. Towns east of Caiguna on the Eyre Highway (including Eucla, Cocklebiddy, Madura, Mundrabilla and Border Village, just over the border into South Australia), follow "CWT" instead of Western Australian time. The total population of that area is estimated at 200 people. This area did not change when South Australia introduced DST. During the Western Australian trial of DST from 2006 to 2009, this area also sets its clocks ahead one hour during summer. This time zone is not officially recognised, but is marked by official road signs. It is tracked in the tz database, the record of time zones for computers, as "Australia/Eucla".

A number of small towns in Outback Western Australia also follow UTC+09:30 rather than UTC+08. These towns include Blackstone, Irrunytju, Warakurna, Wanarn, Kiwirrkurra, and Tjukurla.

The Indian Pacific train has its own time zone—a so-called "train time" when travelling between Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and Port Augusta, South Australia—which was at UTC+09:00 hours during November 2005 when DST was observed in the eastern and southern states.

External territories
Australia's external territories follow different time zones.

Special events
In 2000, all of the eastern jurisdictions that normally observe DST—New South Wales, Victoria, the ACT, and Tasmania—began DST early because of the Summer Olympic Games held in Sydney. These jurisdictions moved to DST on 27 August 2000. South Australians did not change their clocks until the usual date, which was 29 October 2000.

In 2006, all of the states that followed DST (the above states and South Australia) delayed their return to Standard Times by one week, because of the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne in March. DST ended on 2 April 2006.

National times
There are situations in which a nationwide time is in effect. In the case of business activities, a national time can be used. For example, a prospectus for the issue of stock in a company would usually set the closing time for offers at some location (e.g. Sydney) as the time when offers must be received, regardless of the source of the offer. Similarly, tenders for their sale of stock usually set out the time at a given location by which they must be received to be considered. Another example is the Australian Securities Exchange which operates on Eastern Standard Time.

On the other hand, Federal legislation yields to state-regulated standard times in many diverse situations. For example, it yields in setting the normal working times of Federal employees, the recognition of public holidays, etc. The Federal government also relies on local times for Federal elections, so that the polls in Western Australia close two or three hours after those in the eastern states. Also, documents to be filed in a Federal Court may be filed based on the local time. The effect of this is that if there had been a failure to file a legal document on time in an eastern State, that document can sometimes still be filed (within two hours) in Western Australia.

IANA time zone database
The 18 zones for Australia as given by zone.tab of the IANA time zone database. Columns marked * are from the zone.tab.

Debate, trials and referendums

Queensland
Queensland has had a particularly involved debate over daylight saving time, with public opinion geographically divided. The state's first trial of DST lasted one year, from 31 October 1971 to 27 February 1972. In 1973 the Committee on Daylight Saving analysed this trial and the effects of daylight saving on different demographics, and ultimately concluded not to adopt daylight saving time. The Committee's reasons include Queensland's unsuitable geography and a lack of broad support from denizens.

Later, another introduction of DST was trialled from 29 October 1989 to 4 March 1990, overseen by the daylight saving task force. At the task force's recommendation, the trial was extended from one to three years. The Legislative Assembly voted to hold a referendum on DST at the trial's conclusion in 1992, which was defeated with a 54.5 per cent negative vote. The referendum result displayed a distinct trend—that public opinion on DST in Queensland is geographically divided, with the negative vote being strongest in northern and western districts, while the positive vote being strongest in the southeastern region (e.g. in Brisbane). The holiday islands in the Whitsundays (Hayman, Lindeman and Hamilton) continued to observe DST in defiance of the Standard Time Act (The "Australia/Lindeman" Timezone in the tz database is based on this). However the practice was abandoned two years later in 1995. Heron Island, 72 km off the coast off Gladstone, has two time zones: the resort follows DST all year round, whereas "the Marine Research Centre and the Parks and Wildlife office on the island remain on Eastern Standard Time".

Since the late 1900s, there have been a number of petitions submitted to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, lobbying for the introduction of daylight saving time or for another referendum to be held. A petition in 2006 was signed by 62,232 people. In response to these petitions, then Queensland Premier Peter Beattie commissioned research to find out if it should be re-introduced into Queensland. Around this time, Beattie predicted that daylight saving in Queensland would increase the rate of skin cancer in the state, an assertion for which there is no evidence, according to the Queensland Cancer Fund.

In October 2007, the government-commissioned research was presented to Anna Bligh, who had replaced Peter Beattie as the Premier of Queensland; she ruled out holding a new referendum, despite the report indicating that 59 per cent of the residents of Queensland and 69 per cent of those in southeastern Queensland to be in favour of adopting daylight saving.

In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered, to advocate for the use of a two-time-zone system for DST in Queensland, with most of the state (in land area) using standard time. This party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates, and it received about one per cent of the statewide primary vote.

In early 2010, the DS4SEQ political party approached the independent member, Peter Wellington, to introduce a private member's bill for DST.
Since Wellington agreed with the principles of the DS4SEQ proposal, specifically the dual-time-zone system, he drafted the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 and he submitted this bill to Queensland Parliament on 14 April 2010. Wellington called for a referendum to be held at the next state election on the introduction of DST into southeastern Queensland under the dual-time-zone system.

In response to this bill, Premier Anna Bligh announced a community consultation process, which resulted in over 74,000 respondents participating, 64 per cent of whom voted in favour of a trial, and 63 per cent of whom were in favour of holding a referendum. The decision announced by the Premier on 7 June 2010 was that her Government would not support the bill because rural Queenslanders were overwhelmingly opposed to DST. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.

Western Australia
Western Australia has also had a particularly involved debate over DST, with the issue being put to a referendum four times: in 1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009. All of these proposals to adopt DST were defeated. Voters registered a negative vote of 54.6 per cent in the 2009 referendum, the highest percentage for all four of these referendums. Each referendum followed a trial period during which the state observed DST. The first three followed a one-year trial, while the 2006 Western Australian Daylight Saving Bill (No. 2) 2006 instituted a trial of DST beginning on 3 December 2006, and lasting for three years.

See also

 List of time zones
List of military time zones
UTC+10:00

Notes

References
 The Australian National Time System National Standards Commission Leaflet No. 8, January 2003, linked via Wayback Machine
 NSW Legislative Council Hansard, 2 March 2005
 Daylight Saving Petitions
 Daylight Saving Time – history of daylight saving time implementation dates at the Bureau of Meteorology website

External links
 Information on time zones from official Government web site
 Daylight Saving for South East Queensland political party Official DS4SEQ website

Science and technology in Australia
Standards of Australia
Articles containing video clips

Time in Australia


The Wassenaar Agreement was an agreement reached in 1982 between employers' organisations and labour unions in the Netherlands to restrain wage growth in return for the adoption of policies to combat unemployment and inflation, such as reductions in working hours and the expansion of part-time employment. The agreement has been credited with ending the wage-price spiral of the 1970s, greatly reducing unemployment and producing strong growth in output and employment. The International Labour Organization describes the Wassenaar as "a groundbreaking agreement, setting the tone for later social pacts in many European countries".

See also

 Moncloa Pacts

References

Economy of the Netherlands
1982 in labor relations
Wassenaar
1982 in the Netherlands

Wassenaar Agreement


Warren Ellis: Captured Ghosts is a feature-length documentary by Patrick Meaney that takes an in depth look at the life, career and mind of the British comic book writer Warren Ellis. The film combines extensive interviews with Ellis with insights from his colleagues and friends, as well as ambient visual re-creations of his prose and comics work.

Background

Captured Ghosts is a co-production of Sequart Organization and Respect! Films, the follow-up to their documentary Grant Morrison: Talking with Gods. As Talking with Gods was drawing to a close, the filmmakers considered various subjects for a follow-up, but ultimately chose to focus on Ellis, due to the strength of his body of work and the mystique surrounding him as a personality.

Production on the film began with a two-day interview with Ellis in a London hotel room in March 2010. Shooting continued until October 2011 in New York, Los Angeles, Leeds, London and San Diego. Among those interviewed are comics industry notables Joe Quesada, Matt Fraction, Jason Aaron, Ellis's collaborators Darick Robertson, Phil Jimenez, Cully Hamner and Ben Templesmith, and more. The film also features a wide variety of cross media Ellis collaborators and friends including Joss Whedon, Helen Mirren, Wil Wheaton, Patton Oswalt, Stoya, Zoetica Ebb, and more.

Plot

The film tracks chronologically through Ellis's life, as he moves from an unruly teenager to a successful writer and internet icon. The film features numerous interludes in which Ellis reads from his works. Thematically, the film is concerned with the construction of futures, and the way that science fiction can influence reality.

Reality

The film premiered at 2011's inaugural Napa Valley Film Festival. A DVD release through Halo-8 Entertainment followed in 2012. It is currently available on DVD and download.

See also
Grant Morrison: Talking with Gods
The Mindscape of Alan Moore
She Makes Comics

References

Further reading

External links

2011 films
Documentary films about comics
Warren Ellis
2010s English-language films

Warren Ellis: Captured Ghosts


Pharis Harvey Stower Jr. (September 17, 1944–September 29, 2009) was a Wisconsin politician and legislator.

Early life, education, and career
Born in Frederic, Wisconsin, Stower and his family moved to Amery, Wisconsin, where he attended high school. Stower graduated from the University of Wisconsin–River Falls in 1966 with degrees in political science, English, and education. While attending UW-River Falls, Stower was active in United Methodist youth, campus politics, and social justice issues across the United States, including participating in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march with Martin Luther King Jr., beginning a life−long commitment to working for civil rights.

After teaching English at Prescott, Clayton, and Nicolet High Schools, Stower attended Wesley Theological Seminary in Washington, D.C., to pursue his dream of becoming an ordained United Methodist minister. He was ordained in 1977 before he and his wife, Marilyn, moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he served as a minister at Kenwood United Methodist Church for several years.

Political career and community service
From 1983 to 1984 and 1989 to 1994, he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 28th Assembly District as a Democrat. During that time, he served as Co-Chair of the Forest Productivity and Rural Development Committee, the bipartisan Rural Caucus, and Chair of the Assembly Tourism and Recreation Committee. In 1994, he ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. House District 3 seat.

"I'm glad my mother never told me not to talk about religion or politics, because I do 'em both," Stower said.

He liked to talk about other things: community values, taking care of kids, what democracy needs to work.

"Ours has become a microwave democracy," he said in 1995. "Our culture expects everything to be done to our satisfaction immediately. We want everything - food, entertainment, news, politics - done fast, no waiting. The national metabolism's been cranked up."

"Democracy doesn't work that way," Stower said. "Our cultural sense of immediate gratification doesn't fit with our political process. We need to understand that. Holy buckets, we need to put the brakes on."

Stower also served on the Wisconsin Land & Water Conservation Board, and the Boards of the Wisconsin Federation of Cooperatives, the Western Wisconsin Intergovernmental Collaborative, Wisconsin Church and Society-the United Methodist Church, and Inter-County Cooperative Publishing Association.

From 1996 until his death, Stower was mayor of Amery. His visionary leadership focused on developing the riverfront in Amery, downtown revitalization, economic growth, creating a
thriving arts center, and improving the city's infrastructure through improved facilities for the airport, hospital, library, and food pantry.

Awards
In 2001, Stower received the Award for Excellence from the Robert Gard Wisconsin Idea Foundation. He also received numerous awards for his work on issues regarding human services, environmental protections, the arts, and veterans programs.

Notes

People from Frederic, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–River Falls alumni
Wesley Theological Seminary alumni
Mayors of places in Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
1944 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American United Methodist clergy
20th-century Methodists
20th-century Methodist ministers
21st-century Methodist ministers
People from Amery, Wisconsin

Harvey Stower


White chocolate is a confection.

White chocolate can refer to:

 Jason Williams (basketball, born 1975), basketball player who is nicknamed "White Chocolate"
 A variant of the LG Chocolate series
 "White Choco", a 2007 song by Ai Otsuka
 "White Chocolate Farm", a nickname for British singer Thom Yorke.

See also
White (disambiguation)

White chocolate (disambiguation)


Bertha (c.1020/4 – after 1064/5) was a member of the Arduinici dynasty.

Bertha was the daughter of Ulric Manfred II of Turin and Bertha of Milan. Her older sister was Adelaide of Susa. Bertha possessed property in the southern part of the county of Asti, between the lower Belbo and Tanaro rivers.

She married Otto (or Teto) of Savona, margrave of western Liguria, c.1036. Otto was a member of the Aleramici dynasty.  With Otto she had at least six children:
Boniface del Vasto, margrave of Savona and Western Liguria
Manfred, father of Henry del Vasto and Adelaide del Vasto
Anselm
Henry
Otto
Gerberga

References
H. Bresslau, Jahrbücher des Deutschen Reichs unter Konrad II., 2 vols. (1884), accessible online at: archive.org
C.W. Previté-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy (1000-1233) (Cambridge, 1912), accessible online at:  archive.org
W. Trillmich, Kaiser Konrad II und seine Zeit (1991)

Notes

Nobility from Turin
People from Lombardy
11th-century Italian nobility
Countesses in Italy
11th-century Italian women
Year of birth uncertain

Bertha of Turin


Emily Martin (born 9 May 1979 in Melbourne) is an Australian former rower, a three time world champion and an Olympian.

Club and state rowing
Martin started rowing at Ballarat Grammar School whose facilities were located at the Wendouree Ballarat boat shed. After school she joined the Wendouree Ballarat Rowing Club. She was awarded a scholarship to the New South Wales Institute of Sport prior to her 2001 World Championship success.

Martin was selected to represent Victoria in the state youth eight racing for the Bicentennial Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships in 1997 and 1998 and saw victories in both years. On nine consecutive occasions from 1999 to 2007 and then in 2010 she was selected to the Victorian senior women's eight who race for the Queen Elizabeth Cup at that same Interstate Regatta. She stroked that crew to victory in 2000 and rowed in seven total senior victories. Of the twelve occasions Martin raced for Victoria in representative crews she saw nine victories, two second placings and one third place.

International representative rowing
Martin's debut representative appearance came in 1998 at age nineteen in a development four with Angela Heitman, Deidre Coates and Kristina Larsen with whom she would share later senior success. They won gold in a W4- at the 1998 World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne. Selectors then sent that four to the 1998 World Rowing U23 Championships in Ioannina, Greece where they won an U23 World Championship title, leading all the way in the final and beating out the US crew by 6.4 seconds.

Martin secured a seat at five in the Australian women's senior eight in 1999. She raced at the World Rowing Cup III that year in Lucerne and then at the 1999 World Rowing Championships in St Catharine's where the eight placed fifth. Her strength and skill ensured her place in the eight leading into the 2000 Olympic year. She rowed at seven in both World Cups II and III in Europe and then in Sydney for the 2000 Olympics in that critical seat setting up the bow side behind Jane Robinson. They managed a fifth place finish in the final.

Martin was selected in the Australian squad for the 2001 international tour. In their first competitive outing of the 2001  season, racing as an Australian Institute of Sport selection eight at Henley Royal Regatta, Martin won the 2001 Henley Prize for women's eights (from 2002 this event was renamed the Remenham Challenge Cup). She rowed in two Australian senior crews at the World Rowing Cup IV regatta in Munich, Germany. In a coxless pair with Kristina Larsen she placed fourth while in the Australian eight they placed second and were on track for possible World Championship success. A month later at the 2001 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne, Martin was in the five seat of the Australian women's heavyweight crew who won Australia's first ever women's eight World Championship title. At those same World Championships she placed fourth in the final of the coxless pair with Larsen.

Martin had pressure holding her seat in the eight in 2002 as the selectors tried different combinations. She raced in a pair and the eight at the World Rowing Cup II in Lucerne and then in the pair at World Cup III in Munich. For the 2002 World Championships in Seville, Victoria Roberts and Rachael Taylor were seated at seven and five in the eight and Martin raced the Australian coxless pair with Monique Heinke. They finished in sixth place.

Though she still rowed at the top national level in 2003 and 2004, Martin was not picked to representative crews. But the  typical squad changes occurring in the first year after an Olympiad as rowers step away, happened again after Athens 2004 and Martin took her opportunities. She was selected in both the W4- and the W8+ for the 2005 World Rowing Championships in Gifu Japan. Both crews took gold with Martin rowing in the middle of each boat to her second and third World Championship titles. The following year at Eton Dorney 2006 Martin rowed in the eight and in a pair with Sarah Heard. The W8+ took bronze behind the US and Germany while the pair placed ninth.

Martin was still in contention for the eight in 2007 and raced at the World Rowing Cup I in the two seat. For the World Rowing Cup II she raced only in the coxless four who won silver. Her final Australian representative appearance was in the four at the 2007 World Championships with Phoebe Stanley, Katelyn Gray  and Victoria Roberts who placed third winning Martin a bronze, her fifth World Championship medal. It was a fitting end to an outstanding fourteen year elite career.

Rowing palmares

World Championships

1998 U23 World Championships W4- two seat – gold
1999 St Catharine's W8+ five seat – fifth
2001 Lucerne W2- bow – fourth
2001 Lucerne W8+ five seat – gold
2002 Seville W2- bow – sixth

2005 Kaizu, Gifu W8+ five seat – gold
2005 Kaizu, Gifu W4- two seat – gold
2006 Dorney W8+ seven seat – bronze
2006 Dorney W2- bow – ninth
2007 Munich W4- three seat – bronze

Olympics
 2000 Sydney Olympics W8+ seven seat – fifth

Australian Interstate Championship

1997 Interstate women's youth W8+ four seat – first
1998 Interstate women's youth W8+ seven seat – first
1999 Interstate women's W8+ three seat – first
2000 Interstate women's W8+ stroke – first
2001 Interstate women's W8+ four seat – first
2002 Interstate women's W8+ stroke – second

2003 Interstate women's W8+ seven seat – second
2004 Interstate women's W8+ two seat – third
2005 Interstate women's W8+ five seat– first
2006 Interstate women's W8+ five seat– first
2007 Interstate women's W8+ three seat– first
2010 Interstate women's W8+ seven seat – first

References

1979 births
Living people
Australian female rowers
Rowers from Melbourne
Rowers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic rowers for Australia
World Rowing Championships medalists for Australia
People educated at Ballarat Grammar School
21st-century Australian women
Sportswomen from Victoria (state)

Emily Martin (rower)


Hillblazers was a Youth Movement organized by Hillary Clinton's two presidential campaigns. The goal of the movement was to serve as a nationwide activist platform for young and first-time voters supporting Hillary Clinton. The term later morphed to describes Clinton's top fundraisers.

Origins
Hillblazers was unveiled during the time of Sen. Hillary Clinton's campaign in the 2008 US Presidential Election. The unveiling occurred at Wellesley College, during one of her first US Presidential Campaign stops. Hillblazers originated in New York, New York, originally to promote and support Sen. Hillary Clinton's campaign, then evolved nationwide into a social networking program aimed at hosting fundraisers, and other Democratic social activities.

Activities
Hillblazers was a platform for Democratic voters to demonstrate and unite with other Hillary Clinton supporters and young Democrats nationwide. Hillblazers was directed and looked after by Chelsea Clinton, and actresses America Ferrera and Amber Tamblyn.

Hillblazers was supported by student leaders all across America from schools to colleges; 352 alone in New Hampshire to hundreds more at schools like University of California, Penn-State, Notre Dame, to Kentucky Supporting Sen. Hillary Clinton's past and future campaigns from donating, funding to phone-banking and other youth Democratic activities. All the schools involved with Hillblazers united to assist and generate the youth and young voters to the platform from Penn-State generating out the media essence of Hillblazers by promoting and featuring such media outlets such as SplashCast's website designed 'HillarySpeaksForMe.com' and the short Hillblazers feature produced by Clinton advocate; Lucas Baiano, to Wellesley College heavily looking after the main recruiting of the Hillblazers Platform for young Democratic social activities to a wide range of fundraising.

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20080705112511/http://www.californiacollegedems.com/cdems/PDFs/Presidency.pdf

Democratic Party (United States) organizations
Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign
Organizations established in 2008

Hillblazers


The Mariners' Museum and Park is located in Newport News, Virginia, United States. Designated as America's National Maritime Museum by Congress, it is one of the largest maritime museums in North America. The Mariners' Museum Library, contains the largest maritime history collection in the Western Hemisphere.

History
The museum was founded in 1930 by Archer Milton Huntington, son of Collis P. Huntington, a railroad builder who brought the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway to Warwick County, Virginia, and who founded the City of Newport News, its coal export facilities, and Newport News Shipbuilding in the late 19th century.

Huntington and his wife Anna acquired  of land that now holds  of exhibition galleries, a research library, a  lake, a five-mile shoreline trail with 14 bridges, and over 35,000 maritime artifacts from around the world. After the land acquisition took place, the first two years were devoted to creating and improving a natural park and constructing a dam to create The Mariners' Lake.

Artifacts, paintings, models
The museum's collection totals approximately 32,000 artifacts, equally divided between works of art and three-dimensional objects. The scope of the collection is international and includes miniature ship models, scrimshaw, maritime paintings, decorative arts, carved figureheads, working steam engines, and the world's only known Kratz-built steam calliope. The museum holds important collections of paintings and drawings by marine artists James Bard and Antonio Jacobsen.

The museum offers educational programs for all ages and a large research library and archives, as well as publications and Internet resources for teachers. The largest boat in its collection is the Oracle Team USA 17, the yacht that won the 2013 America's Cup.

Collection highlights

USS Monitor Center

The Mariners' Museum is home to the USS Monitor Center. The ironclad Monitor was made famous in the Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862 during the American Civil War, and its remains were located on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean about 16 miles southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The wreck site was designated as the United States' first national marine sanctuary, the only one of the 13 national marine sanctuaries created to protect a cultural resource rather than a natural resource or a mix of natural and cultural resources.

Many artifacts from Monitor have been brought to the museum, including her turret, propeller, anchor, engine, and some personal effects of the crew. For several years, they were conserved in special tanks to stabilize the metal. The USS Monitor Center officially opened on March 9, 2007, and displays include a full-scale replica, the original recovered turret, and many artifacts and related items. Current efforts are focused on restoring the engine.

Park and Noland Trail

The Mariners' Museum Park is 550 acres of privately maintained, naturally wooded property that offers visitors a quiet and serene place to walk, run, or picnic. Within the Park is the 167-acre The Mariners' Lake.

Following the shoreline of The Mariners' Lake is the five-mile Noland Trail. Dedicated as a gift from the Noland Family in 1991 and with significant ongoing financial support from the Noland Family, the trail has fourteen bridges, picnic areas, benches, handicap access, and mile markers. Each fall The Mariners' Museum hosts a 10K run on the Noland Trail.

The Mariners' Museum Park is open daily to the public. Benches at approximately every half-mile offer places of rest along the trail, and views of The Mariners' Lake can be found around every corner.

The famous Lions Bridge, a dam that provides a scenic view of the James River, remains a highlight for visitors—a perfect family gathering place to enjoy the Museum Park. The beauty of the dam is enhanced by several fine pieces of statuary designed by Anna Hyatt Huntington, sculptor and wife of Museum founder Archer Milton Huntington. Four stone lions were mounted on the ends of the parapets of the dam in October 1932. Anna also created and dedicated a monument entitled Conquering the Wild that overlooks the Lions Bridge, the park, and The Mariners' Lake.

See also
 List of maritime museums in the United States
 National Maritime Museums, a list of maritime museums around the world

Notes

References

External links

USS Monitor Center
The Mariners' Museum Image Collection
The Mariners' Museum Twitter Page
The Mariners' Museum Facebook page

History museums in Virginia
Institutions accredited by the American Alliance of Museums
Landmarks in Virginia
Maritime museums in Virginia
Military and war museums in Virginia
Museums established in 1930
Museums in Newport News, Virginia
1930 establishments in Virginia
Private congressionally designated national museums of the United States

Mariners' Museum and Park


Pashayi or Pashai are a Dardic people living primarily in eastern Afghanistan and in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of present-day Pakistan. They have a population of around 500,000 people. They are one of the oldest known ethnic minorities in Afghanistan.

Ethnic groups in Afghanistan

Pashayi people


Froglife is a British wildlife charity committed to the conservation of amphibians and reptiles and their associated habitats. The charity aims to encourage as many people as possible, from all walks of life, to get involved in wildlife conservation and habitat protection.

Objectives
The current objectives of Froglife are outlined in the 2009/10 Annual Review:

Conservation objectives
To conserve species and habitats
We will support and implement the creation of habitats for amphibians and reptiles
We will deliver Biodiversity Action Plan outputs at a local and landscape level, working with volunteers and partners
We will build capacity for individuals and organisations involved in the conservation of amphibians and reptiles, working in partnerships, providing training courses and specialist advice

Communication objectives
To communicate knowledge and encourage support
We will get our message out to audiences by ensuring that opportunities to engage with our intended audiences are met, through events, online, through the media and through the production of advice publications
We will generate support for our work by creating opportunities for audiences to engage in our work, through practical hands on action, "citizen-science" recording projects, or through financial support of Froglife's work.
We will show the value that our projects bring by communicating clearly the outcomes of our work, and how these tackle threats to amphibians and reptiles and benefit people's lives in the process.

Learning objectives
To educate and inspire new audiences
We will support people on a lifelong journey of learning about our species, their habitats and the value of biodiversity to human life
We will create new and unique approaches that complement current approaches to conservation education, building on lessons learnt within the sector
We will move forward the education sector, improving policies, skills and resources to support new approaches to conservation education.

Current projects
London Dragon Finder
Scottish Dragon Finder
River Nene Dragon Finder
Toads on roads
Peterborough Green Pathways
Glasgow Green Pathways
FACT (Froglife Active Conservation Team)
Hampton nature reserve
Leapfrog Schools
Garden Wildlife Health

References

 Stock take of garden creatures BBC News website
Froglife confirms its future direction - July 2010"Croaks", Froglife Blog, 21 July 2010

External links
 Official website

Animal charities based in the United Kingdom
Environmental organisations based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Peterborough
Organizations established in 1989

Froglife


The Rhinebeck panorama is panoramic view of London dated to 1806–7.  The work was found in Rhinebeck, New York in 1941, in the attic of a house, being used to line a barrel of pistols.  It was acquired by the Museum of London in 1998.

Overview
The panoramic image shows a bird's eye view – perhaps made with the use of a hot-air balloon – looking west from a position above the middle of the River Thames, approximately at the current location of Tower Bridge, with the view spanning Southwark to the left and the City of London to the right.  Ships are depicted on the river in the Pool of London, downstream of London Bridge, with scenes from everyday city life, such as a building on fire in Bermondsey to the left, a funeral at Southwark St John Horsleydown, traffic crossing the bridges over the river, the pagoda at Kew Gardens, Westminster Abbey, the dome of St Paul's Cathedral and the spires of other city churches, shot towers and windmills, the Tower of London where a cannon is being fired, and a kite being flown at Tower Hill.  One ship in the third panel is a hulk, with two masts removed, used to receiving men press-ganged by the Royal Navy.  Windsor Castle can be seen in the distance.

The work comprises four separate watercolour and pencil panels made by three different artists: one for the ships, a second for the city scenes, and a third for church spires in the distance.  The combined image measures  by .  It may have been a study for a larger, uncompleted panoramic painting, to be displayed on a curved wall, but the watercolour may have been exhibited in London in 1809 with other panoramas of European cities.

The panorama was probably taken to the US in 1839 by Robert Havell, Jr., whose father published a similar "Aeronautical View of London" in 1831.  The original watercolour was rediscovered in an attic in Rhinebeck, New York in 1940, and sold at Sotheby's on 8 June 1998 for £199,500.  It was purchased by the Museum of London, partially funded by an Art Fund grant of £40,000, and also funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Victoria and Albert Museum.

A modern version, with 20th-century buildings added, is displayed in the Rolls Building which houses part of the Royal Courts of Justice on Fetter Lane.

References
 Rhinebeck panorama, Museum of London
 Rhinebeck panorama, Art Fund
 Discovering London's Buildings: With Twelve Walks, John Bold, Tanis Hinchcliffe, p. 32
 Sketchbook: So touching in its majesty, The Independent, 11 December 1999
 Interpreting the Rhinebeck panorama, Museum of London
 An aeronautical view of London, 1831, British Museum
 An Aeronautical View of London. Robert Havell, 1836, Museum of London

1806 paintings
1807 paintings
London in art
Panoramas
Watercolor paintings
Collections of the Museum of London

Rhinebeck panorama


The village of Nadap lies on the eastern slopes of Velencei Hills, it is a well oriented, self-contained settlement, with charming rural atmosphere. It is only two kilometers both from the recreation facilities of Lake Velencei and from the M7 motorway, therefore it is easily accessible from Budapest and from Székesfehérvár, too. Each house in the settlement has a great panorama.

Local sights

The settlements around Lake Velencei are overwhelmed with the spirit of Mihály Vörösmarty. Nadap is not different either, the poet was baptised in the village on 3 December 1800. The baptistery is still in the church today. The inhabitants of the village expressed their admiration for the memory of the poet with a sculpture erected in the Millenium Park.

Nadap also hosts a key cartographical and architectural specialty; it is the home of the etalon for measuring heights in Hungary, called Nadapi szintezési ősjegy (Levelling mark of Nadap).

Other website
 Nadap.hu

Villages in Hungary

Nadap


Charles Heung Wah-keung () is a Hong Kong actor-turned-film producer and presenter. As founder of Win's Entertainment in the 1980s and China Star Entertainment Group in the 1990s, he has helped established the careers of various cinematic icons in Hong Kong that include Stephen Chow, Chow Yun-fat, Johnnie To, Jet Li and Andy Lau among countless others. Apart from being one of the most successful film producers in Hong Kong, Heung is also one of the most controversial due to his family's triad background.

Background
Heung is widely suspected of ties to one of Hong Kong's largest and most powerful organized crime groups, the Sun Yee On Triad. Heung's father, Heung Chin, founded the Sun Yee On in 1919. Charles is the tenth of the Sun Yee On founder's thirteen children.

Heung Chin's eldest son, Heung Wah-yim, was convicted in 1988 of being the triad's boss, although his conviction in Hong Kong was overturned on a technicality. The Senate Subcommittee on Investigations also identified him as the triad's leader in a 1992 report on Asian organized crime.

In the 1970s, Charles subsequently married Betty Ting, the actress, who is remembered today primarily because of the "mysterious" death of Bruce Lee in her apartment. The marriage, however did not last, and Charles later married Tiffany Chen, in the early 1980s.

Charles is the older brother of Jimmy Heung, who later became his partner in the formation of Win's Entertainment. The partnership between the two ended in 1992 as Charles felt that Jimmy's style of negotiating business too closely resembled that of a triad member. While Charles sees Jimmy as a "good triad," it is widely believed that Jimmy has moved on, and supposedly runs the triad to this day.

Charles was one of several Heung brothers identified in 1992 by the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee of Investigations as top office-bearers in the Sun Yee On. Two years later, a former Red Pole for the Sun Yee On, testifying in a Chinatown racketeering case in a Brooklyn Federal Court, identified Charles as one of "the top guys, the biggest," in the society. A year after that, the Royal Commission for Canada sent Heung a letter rejecting his application for a Visa, citing evidence placing him squarely on the ruling council of the Sun Yee On.

Heung agrees that his family has what he calls "a Triad background," but says that he personally has little knowledge of such things, and has had to labor hard to overcome the stigma. He also admits that some people may fear him, but says his business philosophy is to get top actors, actresses and directors to make movies for him because they like him.

In 2000, when his brother Heung Wah-Po was arrested for setting fire to his own apartment (after quarreling with his mistress), Charles refused to help him and publicly announced that he did not know his brothers well since they were given birth by different mothers. To this day, Heung continues to steer clear away from his family's triad background.

Career
Heung started off as an actor making films (mostly martial arts films) in Taiwan during the 1970s, before later becoming a producer. While the triad's influence in Hong Kong cinema became notorious, Heung tried to keep himself away from his family's triad image by creating a company of safe refuge. In 1984, he and his brother, Jimmy Heung, formed Win's Entertainment Ltd., which, beside Golden Harvest, became one of the most successful film studios in Hong Kong. Charles was quoted for saying that, "Every film is a battle" when asked why he named the production company Win's.

Virtually every major star in Hong Kong, except for Jackie Chan, had made a film for the Heungs. Jet Li, the biggest martial-arts star in Hong Kong, began making movies exclusively for Heung after his manager was shot dead in 1993. Andy Lau joined Win's' stable of stars after one of his associates, a 26-year-old woman, was hospitalized for injuries she received when her apartment was firebombed. Hong Kong police believed that both incidents were related to triad gang activity.

Heung became a producer and a presenter for films, but he also became famous from acting in supporting roles during the 1990s, with his best known role being as Lung Wu, the God of Gamblers' bodyguard in God of Gamblers and its numerous sequels and spin-offs. He also appeared in other films, making a cameo appearance in The Prince of Temple Street and co-starring in Casino Raiders, which was co-directed by his brother, Jimmy. In 1993, he received a Hong Kong Film Award nomination for his supporting role in Arrest the Restless.

In 1992, Heung formed China Star Entertainment Group and became the studio's chairman and CEO, with his wife, Tiffany Chen, serving as vice-chairman and administrative producer.  As a producer, Heung has highlighted a majority of Hong Kong's biggest cinematic icons, including Jet Li, Andy Lau, Sammi Cheng, Cecilia Cheung, Simon Yam, and Lau Ching-Wan. This includes filmmakers, such as Johnnie To, Wai Ka-Fai, Wong Jing, Herman Yau and Dennis Law.

In 1999, Heung established One Hundred Years of Film Co. Ltd., a subsidiary for China Star. His initial plan for the company was to make at least 100 films within three years

Heung plans to continue producing and presenting films, now aiming for big-budgeted projects. Following the partnership split between himself and his brother, Heung closed down the Win's Entertainment studio in 2000, and continued to produce and distribute films under the China Star label.

Heung is the Director of Jet Li One Foundation (Hong Kong) and the Director of Beijing Normal University One Foundation Philanthropy Research Institute.  Apart from focusing its effort on the relief programs for the Poverty and Victims of Natural Disaster, Jet Li One Foundation also established the Beijing Normal University One Foundation Philanthropy Research Institute, the first of its kind in China to conduct trainings, formal education programs in Philanthropy.

After surviving the 2004 South Asian tsunami in Maldives, Jet Li started his long-time vision to action, i.e. to help the people in need. In 2005, Jet Li then established the Jet Li One Foundation in Hong Kong, a charity organisation to help the Poverty and Victims of Natural Disaster. Heung and his wife shared the same view of Jet after such a severe disaster and decided to support One Foundation. Heung and his wife not simply make the donations, they also take an active role in organising and proceeding the Fund Raising events.

In year 2007, One Foundation was geographically extended to Mainland China.  Apart from making donation, Heung and his wife also raised funds from their friends Pierre Chen, Choi Chi-ming, Chu Yuet-wah, Mr Li Chi-keung and his wife for the startup of Jet Li One Foundation in China. In year 2010, Jet Li One Foundation (Hong Kong) donated an amount of HK$1 million to Project Vision Charitable Foundation to provide free cataract surgery for senior patients.

Personal life
In 1970s, Heung married his first wife Betty Ting Pei. They have a daughter. They divorced around 1979.In 1980, Heung married his current wife Taiwan-based Tiffany Chen. They have two sons, Jacky and Johnathan. Jacky is also a martial actor.
In December 2020, Heung and his son, Jacky Heung, applied for permanent residence in Taiwan; both applications were denied in February 2021 on the basis of "danger of threatening national interest, public safety, or public order or engaging in terrorist activities." Heung publicly supported the Hong Kong National Security Law, while his wife Tiffany Chen criticized protesters during the 2019-20 Hong Kong protests. Additionally, Jacky Heung was reported by Taiwanese media to be a member of the pro-communist All-China Youth Federation.

Heung was also vice president of the China Film Foundation, which a Taiwanese lawmaker said has been conducting propaganda for mainland China, and thus it was correct to reject Heung's application. Additionally, the Liberty Times stated that Heung had a criminal record in Taiwan, and that he has been denied entry into Taiwan several times.

References

External links

 China Star Entertainment Website
 The H.K. Actor Index
 One Hundred Years of Film Co. Ltd. (founders and filmography)
 China Star Entertainment Group (founders and filmography)
 Signs of New Life at AsiaWeek.com
 Kaiji Shakedown: CHINA STAR CLOSING ITS DOORS?
 Newsclipping-Jet Li One Foundation
 Newsclipping-Establishment of Beijing Normal University One Foundation Philanthropy Research Institute

1948 births
Living people
Hong Kong male film actors
Hong Kong film presenters
Hong Kong film producers
People from Lufeng
Hong Kong male television actors
Hong Kong television presenters
20th-century Hong Kong male actors

Charles Heung


Jay McKinley  Novacek (born October 24, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals (1985–1989) and the Dallas Cowboys (1990–1995). Novacek was a five-time Pro Bowler, who was selected to play each year from 1991 through 1995.  He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2008.

Early years

Born in Martin, South Dakota, Novacek attended Gothenburg High School in central Nebraska, where he was a two-year starter at quarterback and a three-sport athlete.

In 1980, he set the state record in the pole vault at  and also won the state titles in that event and hurdles. He was an All-state football and basketball player. His jersey is the only one retired in school history.

Novacek was inducted into the Nebraska High School Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.

College career

Novacek accepted a scholarship from the University of Wyoming in Laramie and started his college football career as a split end. The next year, he was moved to tight end.

He had few opportunities to prove his true worth in head coach Al Kincaid's run-oriented wishbone offense, where the team usually threw around 18 passes per game.

In 1984, Novacek posted 33 receptions for 745 yards, 4 touchdowns and set an NCAA single-season record for average per reception (22.6 yards) by a tight end. He was selected to the honorable-mention All-American football team and to the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) first-team. He finished his college career with 83 career receptions for 1,536 yards and 10 touchdowns.

Novacek also competed in track and field for the Cowboys. He won the WAC  decathlon championship and placed fourth in the NCAA championships, earning All-American honors in track. He set the school record for decathlon points (7,615) and in the pole vault jump (). He competed in the 1984 Olympic trials as a decathlete.

In 2008, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. In 1993, he was inducted into the inaugural class of the University of Wyoming Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2014, he was inducted into the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame.

Professional career

St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals
Novacek was selected in the sixth round (158th overall) of the 1985 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Cardinals. He was also selected by the Houston Gamblers in the fifth round (69th overall) of the 1985 USFL Draft. As a rookie, he was a wide receiver and played mainly on special teams.

In 1986, he was moved to tight end, but was placed on the injured reserve list on August 19. He was activated on October 17, but was placed again on the injured reserve list on December 10.

In 1987, he began the season as the starter at tight end, until suffering a broken elbow against the New York Giants on October 25. After rookie Rob Awalt had a break-out game against the Philadelphia Eagles, Novacek was placed on the injured reserve list on November 2. He finished the season with 20 receptions for 254 yards and 3 touchdowns, producing just 2 receptions in his first two seasons and only 22 after three years.

In 1988, the Cardinals franchise moved to Phoenix and even though Awalt remained the starter at tight end, Novacek still ranked third on the team with 569 receiving yards and 4 receiving touchdowns. The next year with Gary Hogeboom instead of Neil Lomax as the team's starting quarterback, his production fell to 23 receptions for 225 yards and one touchdown.

In 1990, Joe Bugel was hired as the new head coach, who looked for the tight end position to be either a blocker or perform H-back type functions. Novacek was not seen as a good fit for the new system and was left unprotected—eligible to sign with any team under Plan B free agency.

Dallas Cowboys
In 1990, the Dallas Cowboys signed Novacek as a Plan B free agent, arguably the best signing in the history of this program. He was named the starter at tight end, even though the Cowboys also acquired Awalt to compete for the position. He would go on to have a break-out season, becoming one of the league's top receiving tight ends, while registering 59 receptions for 657 yards and 4 touchdowns.

He was a key contributor for the offense in the early 1990s, especially on third downs where he could find the soft spot in the defense. Beginning in 1991, he played in five straight Pro Bowls, while helping the Cowboys make the playoffs each year and winning the Super Bowl three times in four seasons. Although blocking was not his strength, he did a solid job locking up opponents.

In 1992, he was named an All-Pro after leading all tight ends with 68 receptions for 630 receiving yards and 6 touchdowns.

In 1995, he posted his second-highest single-season total for receptions (62) and touchdowns (5), to go along with a career-high in receiving yards (705). He underwent arthroscopic surgery on his right knee to repair a partial tear of his medial meniscus before the last game of the season, but still helped beat the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XXX.

In 1996, although he missed the regular season because of a degenerative disc in his back, the Cowboys decided not to put him on injured reserve, in the hope he could be ready for the playoffs. On January 3, 1997, he was placed on the injured reserve list. On July 15, he officially retired from the NFL after his chronic lower-back problems cut short his career.

In his 11 seasons, Novacek recorded 422 receptions for 4,630 yards (ninth in team history) and 30 touchdowns, with most of his production coming from 1990 to 1995. He also came up big in the post-season, ranking third in franchise playoff history in receptions (62), receiving yards (645) and touchdown receptions (6).

References

External links
 Dallas Cowboys Top 50 players
 Wyoming Athletics College Football Hall of Fame story
 University of Wyoming Athletics Hall of Fame - inducted 1993
 Tight End Jay Novacek was a Cowboy long before he went to Wyoming or Dallas

1962 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football tight ends
American people of Czech descent
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Dallas Cowboys players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
People from Bennett County, South Dakota
People from Lincoln County, Nebraska
Phoenix Cardinals players
Players of American football from Nebraska
St. Louis Cardinals (football) players
Wyoming Cowboys football players

Jay Novacek


Phantom  is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Kabir Khan, produced by Sajid Nadiadwala and Siddharth Roy Kapur, and starring Saif Ali Khan and Katrina Kaif in leading roles. The screenplay of the film was written in coordination with author Hussain Zaidi's book Mumbai Avengers on the aftermath of 26/11 Mumbai attacks. The film was released worldwide on 28 August 2015 to mixed reviews.

Plot

The film begins with a car chase in Chicago, which leads to a scuffle between a man ostensibly named Jude Rosario and an American male known as Matthew Brody. The scuffle ends with Brody falling into the icy waters of Chicago River, and his body missing. This results in Rosario being arrested and convicted of murder.

A flashback to six months prior shows the office of the Indian RAW chief Roy, where he and his trusted men plan a daring covert operation. The man, known as Jude Rosario in the opening sequence, is shown to be Captain Daniyal Khan, a dead-end ex-soldier with a completely deadpan sense of life and death which is pulled out of oblivion and pressed into service by the spy agency to wreak vengeance on the men who planned the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks. He agrees on the assurance that he will be reinstated in the Indian army to the same rank from which he was court-martialled, which meant regaining the respect of his estranged father, retd. Col. Usman Khan, and mentor, Dilawar Singh. His only team member, Nawaz Mistry helps him find his first target Sajid Mir at a cricket match in London. On reaffirming his identity after breaking into his apartment, Daniyal rigs up an explosion which kills Sajid, which makes the headlines explaining it was accidental, resulting in an investigation by the Pakistani ISI.

In the present day, Daniyal, aka Jude, has landed in the same jail as David Headley, his next target. He contacts Nawaz in order to acquire money to buy a battery, as a replacement for another one which holds a certain poison. The poison, (succinylcholine), is untraceable as it can kill a person when it touches the tongue, causing a heart attack. After killing Headley by plugging the poisonous battery into a showerhead he usually uses, Brody, who supposedly died upon falling in the river, is found alive, and Daniyal is released as his earlier sentence is rendered null and void. Meanwhile, ISI agents gather information about him.

Daniyal and Nawaz travel to Syria via Lebanon, to get in touch with the fighters of Lashkar-e-Toiba. There, Daniyal is held captive by the L-e-T and is forced into revealing the purpose of killing Sajid Mir and David Headley, on camera. The chief of L-e-T in Syria tries his best to send the video of Daniyal's confession to ISI, but the war-torn situation of Syria has led to a mass disruption of communication networks. Nawaz, with her team of soldiers, kills the subordinates of L-e-T, much to the chagrin of Daniyal. Subsequently, Daniyal, Nawaz, and the team escape from the clutches of the L-e-T after a bloody gunfight. Daniyal manages to kill the Syrian chief of L-e-T, just before he is about to send the video to the ISI, and destroys the recordings. Subsequently, the ISI kills the Indian Consulate General of Jordan, Mr. Rajan Sampath, in a gas explosion, similar to the killing of Sajid Mir, as a revenge attack. The RAW chief Roy reprimands Daniyal for unnecessarily killing someone who was not meant to be killed and asks him to call off the mission. Nawaz encourages Daniyal to carry on the mission to avenge the 2008 Mumbai Attacks by killing the direct people who orchestrated the whole mission. She offers to take him and herself to Pakistan.

Daniyal and Nawaz go to Pakistan to take down the last two perpetrators, Sahabuddin Umvi and Haaris Saeed. There, they make plans of killing Saeed with the help of a local restaurant owner and RAW agent Khalid, by an explosive planted in the mic used during his public rally. However, their plan fails, leading Daniyal to pursue Saeed in a car and shoot him dead, also causing an explosion. Umvi is killed with the help of a nurse Amina Bi, a mother who lost her militant son in a suicide attack, who replaces his regular medicine with poison, later shooting herself after the police find her at her home.

With the Pakistani army and ISI pursuing them, Daniyal and Nawaz make their way to the coast to escape through the Arabian sea. Their accomplices get caught and interrogated for information or are killed. While they are escaping on a boat, the Pakistani military finds out about it and sends patrol boats to apprehend them. While hiding in the waters with Nawaz, Daniyal gets shot by the military and dies. Nawaz later gets rescued by the Indian Navy, after they leave. Later, she goes to the Taj Hotel in Mumbai, where she meets a tea seller who was giving tea for free as his son, who was a waiter in the hotel and was killed by the terrorists in attacks, has now been avenged as Daniyal killed them. She buys two cups of tea from him, fulfilling a promise earlier made to Daniyal.

Cast

 Saif Ali Khan as Captain Daniyal Khan, Raj Rif
 Katrina Kaif as Nawaz Mistry, a former R&AW Agent
 Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub as Samit Mishra, R&AW officer
 Rajesh Tailang as Alok, R&AW officer
 Sabyasachi Chakrabarty as Roy, RAW chief
 Middat Khan as Khalid (Restaurant owner in Lahore)
 Sohaila Kapur as a nurse, Amina Bi
 Mir Sarwar as Sajid Mir
 J. Brandon Hill as David Coleman Headley
 Shahnawaz Pradhan as Haaris Saeed
 Qazi Touqeer in Afghan Jalebi song
 Jameel Khan in Afghan Jalebi wedding song
 Kaizaad Kotwal as Pakistan Ambassador Shehriyar Baig
 Mukul Nag as Qureshi
 Sumit Gulati as Shehzad
 Yaad Grewal as a man in Sajid Mir's flat
 Mahabanoo Mody Kotwal as Captain Daniyal Khan's mother
 Denzil Smith as ISI Chief Haider
 Ashwath Bhatt as ISI agent Firoz
 Pooran Kiri as ISI agent Javed
 Anoop Gautam as Pakistani Commando Noor Mohammad
 Mohan Maharishi as the National Security Advisor – India
 Hemant Mahaur as Pakistani boatman

Production

Development
Kabir Khan and author S. Hussain Zaidi had come together to collaborate on Kabir's then untitled film, based on the scenario post-26/11 Mumbai attacks with Saif Ali Khan and Katrina Kaif signed in leading roles. The screenplay of the film is an adaptation and is co-written in conjunction with Hussain's then-unreleased book. The film earlier had a working title as Daniyal Khan, before being titled Phantom. Saif Ali Khan and Kaif have reportedly learnt Kurdish and Arabic for their roles. The plot of the film weaves a fictional story to kill the perpetrators of 2008 Mumbai attacks- Sajid Mir, David Coleman Headley, Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi (named as Sabahuddin Umvi) and Hafiz Saeed (named as Haaris Saeed). The film also depicts incidents similar to the Assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh and Boston Marathon bombing. Kashmiri Sufi singer Qazi Touqeer featured in the Afghan Jalebi song.

Filming

Filming began in October 2013 in Beirut, Lebanon. Around 10% of the film was shot in Lebanon in areas including downtown Beirut, the populous area of Khandaq al-Ghameeq, and the mountainous areas of Kfardebian, with the latter two representing Syria. The shoot of the film required a recreation of a Syrian refugee camp, which involved almost 400 locals in acting as rebel militias. The sets of the film were so realistic that many people in the area believed actual militia groups had set up camp, and the Lebanese army began circling planes over the set. However, the confusion was cleared after the first day. Due to the country's recent political turmoil, security was provided to the crew. In January 2014, action sequences were shot in Kashmir near Pahalgam hill station and in a ski resort in Gulmarg for five days. The scenes involved a blast sequence in the peak of winter, when the entire valley was covered in a 10-foot blanket of snow. In March 2014, filming continued in a small town in Malerkotla, Punjab where the area was recreated to resemble a Pakistani marketplace. The entire area was dressed up to look authentic, complete with Urdu hoarding, posters, and flags. The makers narrowed down Malerkotla due to its mosque, local people, narrow lanes, and overall architecture, which creates the verisimilitude of a town from Pakistan. In July 2014, filming resumed in London, United Kingdom near the Houses of Parliament on the banks of River Thames, Charing Cross station, The Oval cricket ground in Lambeth and Ealing road in Wembley. The next shooting schedule was done in various locations in Vancouver, Canada in August 2014, including the centre of West Hastings and Thurlow streets which involved several high-octane chase sequences. In September 2014, the last schedule of the film was completed in Mumbai, with scenes being shot at the city's eastern ferry wharf, near the Gateway of India, and at Filmistan Studios in the suburb of Goregaon. An underwater action sequence has been shot by Saif Ali Khan and Katrina Kaif at the Orca Dive Club in Mumbai.

Marketing
The trailer of the film was released online on 25 July 2015. A launch event was held on the same day with the presence of Kabir Khan, Sajid Nadiadwala, Saif Ali Khan and Katrina Kaif. A promotional song titled 'Afghan Jalebi (Ya Baba)' was released on 30 July 2015. The video was choreographed by Ahmed Khan. Other promotional songs, 'Saware' was released on 13 August 2015 and 'Nachda' on 25 August 2015. The world premiere of the film was scheduled on the closing night of the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne on 27 August 2015.

Saif and Kaif have also promoted the film on several Indian reality television shows, including Dance Plus, Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded and Indian Idol Junior. On 23 August 2015, they made an appearance at the 2015 Pro Kabaddi League Final.

Soundtrack

The songs featured in the film were composed by Pritam, while lyrics are by Amitabh Bhattacharya and Kausar Munir. The music rights were acquired by T-Series.

Reception
BizAsia gave a rating of 7 out of 10 stating Pritam does a good job on bringing the flavours of Western Pakistan home to Bollywood, fitting perfectly with the theme of the film, particularly praising "Afghan Jalebi". Bollywood Hungama rated the soundtrack 3 out of 5, calling it the surprise of the season. The Times of India and Koimoi also gave a rating of 3 out 5 to the soundtrack.

Release
Phantom was released on 28 August 2015 in 2600 screens in India. It was banned in Pakistan following petition by Hafiz Saeed. Lahore High court banned the film.

Critical reception
Meena Iyer of The Times of India gave Phantom 3.5 stars, calling it an oversimplified but patriotic thriller. Bollywood Hungama gave the film 3.5 stars calling Khan's performance "focussed, clinical and precise, as the role demands" while stating that Kaif is "able support" while performing action scenes. It also praised the background score. Rajeev Masand of IBN Live gave it 2 stars calling it slow-paced, boring and a " wish fulfillment fantasy". Shubha Shetty-Saha of Mid-day gave it 3 stars stating the "powerful story is diluted by the use of too many cinematic liberties and a rather lazy screenplay", "Flaws aside, it talks of a real concern facing all of us, even while taking a flight of fantasy". Shweta Kaushal of Hindustan Times gave it 2.5 stars calling Khan and Kaif's performances "pedestrian" but calling the work of Sohaila Kapur, Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub and Sabyasachi Chakraborty "power-packed".

Box office
Phantom grossed  on its first day. On the second day it grew approximately 50% reaching a total of . By the end of the first weekend, the receipts were  nett. Phantom had a decent Monday as it grossed . The film grossed  on its first Tuesday. On its sixth day, it collected . The first week domestic collection of the film stands at . Phantom grossed  on its 8th day.

Its first week overseas collection was . By the end of second weekend, Phantom grossed  in U.K-Ireland,  in Australia,  in New Zealand.

References

External links

2010s Hindi-language films
2015 films
Films shot in Lebanon
Films set in Syria
2015 action thriller films
Films about Islamic terrorism in India
Films about jihadism
Journalism adapted into films
Films set in Pakistan
Films set in Jammu and Kashmir
Films shot in London
Films shot in Mumbai
Films shot in Vancouver
India–Pakistan relations in popular culture
Indian nonlinear narrative films
Indian action thriller films
Films featuring songs by Pritam
Indian Army in films
Films based on the 2008 Mumbai attacks
Films about organised crime in India
Action films based on actual events
Films shot in Punjab, India
Films set in Chicago
Films about the Research and Analysis Wing
Military of Pakistan in films
Alternate history films
Films directed by Kabir Khan
Films based on Indian novels
Films set in Beirut
Films set in Lebanon
Hafiz Muhammad Saeed
Film censorship in Pakistan

Phantom (2015 film)


the Istanbul nightclub shooting was a mass shooting in the early hours of 1 January 2017 in the European part of Istanbul, Turkey. Uzbek ISIL member Abdulkadir Masharipov used an AK-47 assault rifle to shoot over 100 people in Reina nightclub, killing 39 of them.

References

2017 mass shootings
2017 murders in Europe
2010s in Turkey
2010s mass shootings in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2017
Attacks on buildings and structures in Europe
Attacks on nightclubs
Crime in Turkey
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017
Nightclub shooting
January 2017 events
Mass murder in 2017
Mass murder in Europe
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2017

Istanbul nightclub shooting


Gustaf Magnus Elgenstierna (August 26, 1871 – March 21, 1948) was a Swedish historian and genealogist.

Biography
He was born on August 26, 1871, to Carl Elgenstierna and Evelina Petersohn. He married Clara Sandberg in 1908. She was the daughter of the postmaster Gustav Sandberg; and Ida Stjerncreutz.

Elgenstierna graduated in 1891,  and became the controller at General Post Board of Directors from 1919 to 1937. He was the bokauktionskommissarie in Stockholm from 1906 to 1911; member of the board of the Swedish Nobility League in 1924; corresponding member of the Society for the Danish-Norwegian Genealogical and Personal History Association in 1924; Member of the Genealogical Society of Finland in 1927; and a member of the Royal Society for the provision of manuscripts relating to Scandinavian history in 1927 and he became an honorary member of the Society for Danish Genealogical and Personal History Association in 1937. From 1911 to 1944 and was editor of Svenska Släktkalendern. From 1938 until his death he was editor of Svenska Adelns Ättartavlor where he corrected errors made by Gabriel Anrep. He died on March 21, 1948, in Sweden.

Publications
Køping stads tjænstemæn 1605-1905: personhistoriska anteckningar (1905)
Svenska Släktkalendern (1911)
Svenska adelns ättartavlor (1938)

1871 births
1948 deaths
Swedish genealogists
20th-century Swedish historians

Gustaf Elgenstierna