The Broadway is a shopping and leisure complex in the centre of Bradford, West Yorkshire,  England, which opened on 5 November 2015. It was built and was operated, in its first year, by the Westfield Corporation but is owned by Ellandi. It is currently operated by Munroe K Asset Management Ltd.

Buildings were demolished and roads rerouted to make way for the development in 2004; but because of continued failure to secure buy-in from enough businesses, construction did not begin in earnest until January 2014: for most of the intervening years, the site had little apart from a deep excavation, though from 2010 the area round the edge of the site was laid out as an urban park.

The "hole in the ground" was very unpopular in Bradford, and at one point the site was occupied by protestors.

History
In 1998 the Forster Square Development Partnership was established between Magellan Properties, Caddick Developments and the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. They planned a 51,096 m² (570,000 sq ft) shopping centre containing Debenhams, Next, C&A, Marks and Spencer and 100 shops and other leisure facilities. (BHS had a store in Broadway, but it demolished as part of the demolition of the previous development on the site and C&A also had a store on the old Broadway but closed all UK stores in 2001 and thus cancelled plans to be part of this redevelopment). The partnership sold it to Stannifer which was bought out by the Westfield Group in December 2004.

Planning permission for the development was approved on 10 September 2003, with the claim that 3,000 new jobs could be created.  Demolition on the Forster Square site started on 18 March 2004 and by mid-2006 the site was empty apart from a large pile of rubble. It was originally hoped that the complex would be open by late 2007 (with construction commencing in early 2006), but with a lack of anchor tenants and with many workmen still working on Westfield Derby, the start date for construction was pushed back.  The delays led to Bradford Council threatening to take back control of the site from Westfield, if progress was not made.

By 2006 demolition work had freed for development a site encompassed by Hall Ings, Well Street, the new Lower Kirkgate and Charles Street.
In April 2010, after several years in which no construction had taken place, the project was mothballed and work began on creating a temporary park on part of the site.
The site was subsequently occupied by protesters unhappy about the lack of development. In January 2014, the park was demolished, and work resumed on the construction.

The centre was opened at 10 am on 5 November 2015, by Alexandra Burke at the Forster Square entrance, and simultaneously at other entrances by representatives from Bradford City and the Bradford Burns Unit, and by the world's longest-married couple Karam and Kartari Chand.

Temporary urban park

In February 2010, almost 6 years after the start of demolition, Bradford Council announced a plan to convert part of the construction site into a temporary park. The park would include new footpaths, seating, grassed areas, urban allotments and a performance area The funding for the park scheme was provided partly by central government, as part of a fund to help local councils invest after recession, Yorkshire Forward, and the developers Westfield. Work began on the park in April 2010. The park was a temporary measure; and was closed on 6 January 2014 as construction of the development was about to begin.

Timeline
 20 November 2007 – Westfield installed staff cabins and began preparatory work prior to beginning construction.
 Also in November 2007, Westfield applied to change the planning permission to include a hotel.
 August 2008 – No formal start date for construction yet announced, as Westfield are waiting for more 'anchor tenants' to sign up for shop space; currently half of the total shop space has been let.  The developers have pledged to start work 'as soon as possible' and preparatory work on the site was due to be completed by mid-August 2008.
 January 2009 – site consists of excavated foundations but nobody is working on site and all staff entrances chained up.
 March 2009 – announced that work on the site is 'on hold' until 2010 due to the recession.
 20 May 2009 – Bradford West Member of Parliament Marsha Singh raised the lack of progress on the site during Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons.  Gordon Brown, the Prime Minister, stated that he would be willing to hold a meeting with Westfield to discuss the issue
 February 2010 – Bradford Council announced plan to convert part of the site into a temporary park
 April 2010 – Work started on the temporary park
 June 2011 – Westfield to submit new revised plans for a smaller centre containing 77 shops.
 October 2011 – Bradford Council pass revised planning application.
 July 2013 - Announcement made. Restarting construction in the second half of 2013
 January 2014 – The temporary garden closed to allow workers to start the project.
 May 2015: Westfield 75% of construction completed
 5 November 2015 – Final touches and the Broadway Bradford opened its doors to the city centre with 73 shops to shop and explore

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Bradford
Bradford
Shopping centres in West Yorkshire

The Broadway, Bradford


The C-rich Not M, -ND stability element is a short part of a gene sequence important for the proper synthesis of globin and several other human proteins.

Differences in the stabilities of individual mRNAs can dramatically affect the overall level of expression for genes. Eukaryotic mRNAs can have half-lives that vary from as short as several minutes to as long as several days. In differentiating human erythroid cells the deposition of high levels of alpha globin protein is dependent on an unusually long half-life of the alpha globin mRNA (greater than 24hrs). The stability determinant for alpha globin mRNA has been mapped to a pyrimidine-rich segment of its 3' UTR. This region confers stability by directing the assembly of a specific alpha ribonucleoprotein complex at this site. Subsequently Holcik and Liebhaber identified three other highly stable eukaryotic mRNAs that assemble the alpha globin protein complex at homologous pyrimidine-rich regions within their 3'UTRs (rabbit lipoxygenase, rat tyrosine hydroxylase, and human alpha(I)-collagen).

         ErEN cleavage site V
    alpha globin (HBA1 or HBA2, NM_000517.1)
         lipoxygenase (ALOX15, NM_001140)
         alpha(I)-collagen (COL1A1, NM_000088)
         tyroilsmochie hydroxylase (TH, NM_000360)

    1–5  1–4   : consensus (Holcik and Liebhaber, 1997)

There is some debate as to the number and identity of trans-acting factors recruited to the C-rich element. However the alpha globin poly(C)-binding protein (alphaCP) is agreed to be the core constituent of what is known as the alpha complex. A 39Kda protein, the alphaCP has been shown to bind directly to the C-rich RNA signal. There are two alphaCP, alphaCP1 and alphaCP2. Studies suggest the complex may protect a site near the C-rich element in the alpha globin mRNA from the erythroid endonuclease (ErEN). As many of the protein components necessary for alpha globin stability complex appear to be widely expressed across species and cell types this mechanism of mRNA stabilisation is likely to be a general one. However, in the mouse the cis and trans determinants have diverged to some extent. The mouse sequence requirements are equally C and U-rich compared to the predominantly C-rich human element. Despite this shift the murine alpha globin mRNA is still as stable due to a complementary change in the specificity of the poly(C)-binding protein.

References

External links
 Transterm page for C-Rich Stability Element

Cis-regulatory RNA elements

C-rich stability element


The Moneen DVD: It All Started with a Red Stripe is the first official DVD released by Moneen, an Indie rock band based in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. It was released in Canada and the United States on May 13, 2008. The DVD has four different sections: a documentary, a live performance, tour diaries and music videos.

The start to this may be the end to another
The Start to this May be the End to Another is a documentary about Moneen. The film mainly focuses on the pre-production process of The Red Tree album. The band moves into a house in Baltimore, Maryland, to work on pre-production with the producer Brian McTernan. The band struggles to develop demos to send to Vagrant Records in preparation for recording a new album. Video clips from the past are interspersed throughout the film to show how the band had developed until pre-production of The Red Tree. The film can also be watched with all the band members providing commentary.

Live at The Mod Club
The second section of the DVD consists of a live performance by Moneen at The Mod Club Theatre in Toronto on May 10, 2007. Nine songs from the performance are included. Three songs from the performance are not included on the DVD, along with any talking that occurred between songs.

Tour diaries
There are two separate sections of tour journals: U.S. tour diaries and Canadian tour diaries. These videos were previously released on the Internet while Moneen was on these tours. The videos are not really diaries, but more just videos showing what the band does for fun on tour, and how they interact with fans.

Music videos
Five music videos are included on the DVD. Four of these videos had previously been in rotation at music television stations. The fifth video is a video made and directed by Kenny Bridges for "The Song I Swore to Never Sing".

DVD track listing
 The Start To This May Be The End To Another (72:39)
 Live at The Mod Club
 Don't Ever Tell Locke What He Can't Do (3:34)
 If Tragedy's Appealing, The Disaster's An Addiction (4:41)
 Start Angry...End Mad (5:21)
 There Are A Million Reasons For Why This May Not Work... And Just One Good One For Why It Will (7:41)
 The Day No One Needed To Know (6:37)
 Tonight, I'm Gone (6:32)
 His Own Anomaly (6:39)
 The Passing Of America (11:45)
 Bonus - The Song I Swore To Never Sing (3:21)
Tour Diaries
U.S. Tour Diaries (31:47)
 Handball
 Everything Explodes
 Dance Party Remix
 Fun in the U.S.A.
 Pizza
 Halloween
 Kenny Dance
 Friends for Life
 Moneen Police
 Parking Lot
 Hippy Fight
 Radio
 Poker Smash
 Sandhill
 Spinning Plate of Death Gang
 Three Notes at Once
Canadian Tour Diaries (18:11)
 A Short Time Ago in An RV Soon to be Far Away...
 Clearing the Poop-chute
 .moneen.: The Gathering
 Fun with Balls
 Peter Sings the Hits
 Challenge!
 Music Videos
 If Tragedy's Appealing, Then Disaster's An Addiction
 Don't Ever Tell Locke What He Can't Do
 The Song I Swore to Never Sing
 Are We Really Happy with who We Are Right Now?
 Start Angry, End Mad

Personnel

The start to this may be the end to another
 Filmed, directed, and edited by Alex Liu
 Produced by Alex Liu, Lisa Logutenkow, and Jason Smith
 Executive producer: George Stromboulopoulos
 Graphics and titles by Jason Ford
 Post-production audio mix by Adrian Mottram, Company X Audio

Live concert
 Filmed at The Mod Club Theatre in Toronto on May 10, 2007
 Directed and edited by Greg Benedetto
 Shot by Shaun Axani, Aaron Champion, Peter Lehman, and Pat Moore
 Audio mixed by Greg Dawson, BWC Studios
 Live audio recording by 2V and Steve Lewin
 Guitar tech, keyboards, and samples by Haris Cehajic

Tour journals
 Shot by Haris Cehajic, Greg Benedetto, and Moneen
 Edited by Kenny Bridges and Greg Benedetto
 Selected music recorded by Kenny Bridges

External links
 Official band website

References

Moneen video albums
Concert films
2008 video albums
Albums produced by Brian McTernan


Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One () is a 2003 nonfiction work by economist Thomas Sowell. The second edition () came out in 2008.

Sowell discusses how basic economics is generally misapplied because politicians think only in Stage One. Stage One is the immediate result of an action, without determining what happens then. He argues that many politicians cannot see beyond Stage One because they do not think beyond the next election. He gives as an example of Stage One Thinking, a State government which raises taxes on a business. The immediate result is more revenue for the State government. However, over the course of time, that business might move bits and pieces of the company to another state or new businesses may choose another state to place a new factory. Over the course of time, the State will lose revenue because businesses will go to other states.

Sources

Reviews

Notes

2003 non-fiction books
Books by Thomas Sowell
Political books


The Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) is the national men's association football league in Scotland. The league was formed in June 2013 following a merger between the Scottish Premier League and the Scottish Football League. As well as operating its league competition, which consists of the top four levels of the Scottish football league system, the SPFL also operates two domestic cup competitions, the Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Challenge Cup. While the Scottish Cup includes all the teams within the SPFL, the competition is run and organised by the Scottish Football Association.

Background
A Scottish football league system was first created in 1890, when the Scottish Football League (SFL) was formed. Traditionally the league had a two divisional structure (Divisions One and Two) between which clubs were promoted and relegated at the end of each season. By the mid-1970s, this organisation was perceived to be stagnant, and it was decided to split into a three divisional structure: Premier Division (formerly Division One), First Division (formerly Division Two) and a newly added Second Division. This system came into force for the 1975–76 season. This setup continued until the 1994–95 season when a four divisional structure was introduced, along with a new Third Division, with all four divisions consisting of ten clubs.

On 8 September 1997, the Premier Division clubs decided to split from the Scottish Football League and form the Scottish Premier League (SPL), following the example of the English Premier League. This decision was fuelled by a desire by the top clubs in Scotland to control more of the revenue generated by the game and to negotiate its contracts with sponsors and broadcasters. SFL revenues had been divided proportionally between clubs in all four divisions. The SPL clubs retained all of its commercial revenues, except for an annual payment to the SFL and a parachute payment to any relegated clubs.

Scottish football began to think about changing its structures again in the late 2000s, as Scottish clubs and national teams were struggling in international competition and revenues were being greatly outgrown by the neighbouring English Premier League. A review, led by former First Minister of Scotland Henry McLeish, was conducted by the Scottish Football Association and its report was published in December 2010. McLeish recommended that Scottish football should have a single league body and that the top flight should be reduced to 10 clubs. The proposal to change the top flight numbers did not proceed because of opposition from four SPL clubs, with only two needed to block any change of that nature.

Talks continued about the proposed league merger. A proposal for a merged league body with a 12–12–18 structure was advanced in April 2013. This plan failed when two SPL clubs (Ross County and St Mirren) voted against. The SPL clubs unanimously agreed a revised merger plan a few weeks later, which would retain the same league structure and redistribute more revenues to second tier clubs. The SFL submitted a counter-proposal allowing for more revenues to be given to third and fourth tier clubs, but this was rejected by the SPL, who stuck with the plan agreed by their clubs. An indicative vote of SFL clubs in May suggested that the SPL plan would be formally rejected. Some of the First Division (second tier) clubs threatened to break away from the SFL and form an "SPL2" (SPL second division). The SPL suggested it would welcome the First Division clubs if they decided to leave the SFL. A formal vote of SFL clubs was taken on 12 June. 23 clubs voted in favour, one more than was needed for the proposal to succeed. The merger was formally agreed on 28 June and football was first played under the new structure in the 2013–14 season.

League and corporate structure
On 24 July 2013 the names of the four SPFL divisions were announced – Scottish Premiership, Scottish Championship, Scottish League One and Scottish League Two. The merger was criticised by Alex Anderson of When Saturday Comes as bringing further uncertainty to Scottish football, holding the belief that the semi-professional clubs in the lower divisions will be put into a future regional structure.

The SPFL is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 42 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with each having a vote on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a six-man board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The board of directors in turn appoint a Chief Executive. Neil Doncaster became the SPFL's first Chief Executive in July 2013, after beating David Longmuir to the role. The board of directors is composed of eight members, who are elected at the company's annual general meeting.

Clubs

Listed below are the 42 member clubs of the SPFL for the 2023–24 season.

Scottish Premiership
 Aberdeen
 Celtic
 Dundee
 Heart of Midlothian
 Hibernian
 Kilmarnock
 Livingston
 Motherwell
 Rangers
 Ross County
 St Johnstone
 St Mirren

Scottish Championship
 Airdrieonians
 Arbroath
 Ayr United
 Dundee United
 Dunfermline Athletic
 Greenock Morton
 Inverness Caledonian Thistle
 Partick Thistle
 Queen's Park
 Raith Rovers

Scottish League One
 Alloa Athletic
 Annan Athletic
 Cove Rangers
 Edinburgh City
 Falkirk
 Hamilton Academical
 Kelty Hearts
 Montrose
 Queen of the South
 Stirling Albion

Scottish League Two
 Bonnyrigg Rose
 Clyde
 Dumbarton
 East Fife
 Elgin City
 Forfar Athletic
 Peterhead
 Stenhousemuir
 Stranraer
 The Spartans

Champions

Promotion/relegation play-off winners
The SPFL retained the promotion/relegation play-off format between Scottish Football League divisions introduced in 2005, whilst adding a play-off tournament to the Premiership, then later a play-off between League Two and the Highland Football League and Lowland Football League in the 2014–15 season. Clubs in bold are those who were promoted from the lower to the higher tier.

H Club promoted from the Highland Football League
L Club promoted from the Lowland Football League

League sponsorship and media rights

One of the reasons given for the merger was the belief that it would help to attract title sponsorship to Scottish league football; contracts between the SPL and Clydesdale Bank and the SFL and Irn-Bru expired in 2013. In October 2013, the SPFL announced a partnership with Irn-Bru, making it the league's official soft drink. Neil Doncaster stated that the SPFL would continue to seek sponsorship for the league and the Scottish League Cup. After two seasons without a main sponsor, a two-year agreement was reached with bookmaker Ladbrokes in May 2015. This was later extended until June 2020. After a year without a title sponsor, the SPFL reached a five-year deal with used car marketplace company Cinch.

The SPFL inherited media rights arrangements with Sky Sports and BT Sport. It emerged in May 2014 that the SPFL had repaid part of the agreed contract due to the additional costs incurred by the broadcasters in covering Rangers matches at lower division grounds. In September 2015, the SPFL announced that it had extended its agreements with Sky and BT to the end of the 2019–20 season on "improved terms". In 2018, it was announced that Sky Sports would take over exclusive live rights for the Premiership from the 2020–21 season.

On 2 November 2013 the SPFL agreed a £20 million deal with sports media rights firm MP & Silva to show games internationally, but this agreement was rescinded in August 2018 when MP & Silva defaulted on its payments.

Women's football
In February 2022, a majority of clubs in the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) voted to accept an offer from the SPFL to run their competitions. The SWPL had previously been operated by Scottish Women's Football.

Notes

References

External links
Official website
 (SPFL Official Twitter account)

2013 establishments in Scotland
2
Sports leagues established in 2013
Professional sports leagues in Scotland

Scottish Professional Football League


Saints Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church is a former parish church of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located southeast of Harper, Iowa, United States, in Clear Creek Township, Keokuk County. The church building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The parish property was listed as a historic district in 2021. The parish was known in the Davenport Diocese as Saints Peter and Paul, Clear Creek.

History

German immigrants were some of the first people to settle Keokuk County. They were largely centered in Clear Creek and German Townships and their population, as well as that of the county itself, peaked in 1895. Because they remained independents they were a political force in the county and decided many county elections. Both townships founded Catholic parishes in the 1850s.

Catholics in Clear Creek Township purchased  of land in 1857 for a Catholic church and cemetery. The parish was served by itinerant priests who would visit occasionally. The first Mass was celebrated in the log structure on the property in 1859, and the parish was organized in 1860. The parish started its first church building built of brick in 1863, which was dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul. The old log church was used for a school until 1875 when the first school building was erected. A rectory was built between 1893 and 1894 for a resident priest.

The Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi from Milwaukee taught in the parish school from 1895-1902. During this time plans for the current church structure were made. Ferdinand S. Borgolte from Rock Island, Illinois was chosen as the architect, and Harry Schroeder of Washington, Iowa as the contractor. the Hammes family also played a role in the construction, The bricks were produced by Fuller & Schumacher of Muscatine, Iowa. The cornerstone was laid on June 8, 1898, by Bishop Henry Cosgrove of Davenport. The church building was dedicated on April 18, 1899, and was built for about $10,000.

In 1902 the Sisters of the Most Precious Blood taught in the school for a few months before lay teachers took over. The following year the School Sisters of St. Francis from Milwaukee came to teach in the school. A new school building with living quarters for the sisters was built in 1906. A new rectory was built in 1911. It was destroyed by a fire in 1930 when the present structure was built.

Two of the three bells were placed in the tower in 1907. The larger of the two bells weighs  and cost $566. The smaller bell weighs  and cost $290. The German language was used until World War I for sermons and church services, when Latin was not used. Anti-German sentiment brought its use to an end. The cemetery's decorative fence was added in 1919 as a thanksgiving offering for the survival of all eighteen of the parish's servicemen in World War I and the lack of any deaths in the 1918 flu pandemic. The parish was one of fourteen in the Ottumwa Deanery that formed the Notre Dame Catholic Youth Organization in 1948. It provided social and other contacts for youth in the area.  Lightning struck the church's bell tower in 1950 and set it on fire. The damage was minimal. In 1963 a parish hall was created in the basement of the church.

The parish school had 48 students in the 1966-67 school year. Because of the small number the sisters withdrew from the parish and the school closed. Ten years later the parish voted to join the Keota-Harper Catholic School System. During the pastorate of the Rev. John Hebenstreit (1969-1979) the parish council was established. He ended up being the parish's last resident pastor. Saints Peter and Paul began to share a pastor, the Rev. Robert McAleer, with St. Elizabeth's in the town of Harper. In 1983 the school building was torn down.

St. Mary's parish in Keota was added to the parish cluster when the Rev. H. Robert Harness was the pastor in 1988. The three parishes were officially dissolved on July 1, 1992, when they formed Holy Trinity parish. All three church buildings were initially used by the parish. As the number of Catholics in the area and the number of priests to serve the diocese continued to decline, the decision was made to cluster Holy Trinity parish with St. Mary's parish in Sigourney. At the same time, it was decided to close Saints Peter and Paul Church. The last regularly scheduled Mass in the church was celebrated on June 25, 2006, by the Rev. Marty Goetz who had been the pastor since 2001. On June 13, 2009, Bishop Martin Amos approved the sale of the church building to the Clear Creek Heritage Association.

Architecture

Saints Peter and Paul Church is a  structure. The building is Victorian Gothic in style and constructed in two-tone orange brick laid in a common bond. The upper portion of the exterior walls are a darker shade than the lower portion because there was an insufficient amount of brick fired originally. The foundation is locally quarried rock-faced stone. There is a central entrance tower, which rises , and was the tallest structure in Keokuk County when it was built. The exterior features decorative brickwork pilasters and a mock cornice with denticulation. Two sacristies are located on either side of the apse. The building contains period stained glass windows and has wood carved altars and pews. The 14 stained glass windows in the nave and the apse were donated by parish families and they portray various saints. Donor's names are inscribed below. The altars are hand carved walnut with gold leaf trim. The work is attributed to Nickolas Juhl of Davenport. Juhl, a German-born Jew, was an accomplished woodcarver who carved the altars for several of Davenport's Catholic churches.

The rectory is a two-story frame structure in the American Foursquare style. The cemetery features an iron fence with a stone base along two of its sides. It was added in 1919 as a thanksgiving following World War I. All 18 servicemen from the parish survived the war and no one in the parish died from the Spanish flu that followed. Many of the grave markers in the cemetery bear inscriptions in German, which reflects the congregation's heritage.

Notes

References
Peiffer, Rev. N.J. (1935). History of Ss. Peter and Paul Catholic Church of Clear Creek Township, Keokuk County, Iowa.
Wiebler, Rev. W.F. (1958). Clear Creek: A Torrent of Grace; A Centennial Historical Sketch of Ss. Peter and Paul Parish, Clear Creek, Iowa.

External links

Clear Creek Heritage Association

Religious organizations established in 1858
1858 establishments in Iowa
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1899
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Gothic Revival church buildings in Iowa
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport
Former Roman Catholic church buildings in Iowa
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Keokuk County, Iowa
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
German-American history
German-American culture in Iowa

Saints Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church Historic District


Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora y Mon (Barcelona, 1924 – Madrid, 2002) was a Spanish essayist and politician who represented Pontevedra in Congress for the Popular Alliance from 1977 to 1979. He was married to Isabel Valera Una, and had four children with her: Isabel, Gonzalo, Juan Luis & Sandra.

Biography
When he was two years old, his family moved to Madrid, and Gonzalo Fernandez de la Mora later began studying for his Baccalaureate at Colegio de Pilar. He lived in Galicia for a short period of time (in Mondariz, Guitiriz and Vigo). The civil war broke out in Galicia while he was on holiday so he was forced to stay there and complete his Baccalaureate with the Jesuits of the Colegio de Santiago Apostol. His father was a colonel in the judicial army under Alfonso XIII. His mother, of royal heritage, was descended from a minister of Isabel II. Back  in Madrid, in 1940, he began to study Law & Philosophy, focussing on pure philosophy. In September 1943, he earned his PhD in Law. At the age of 19, he had already had a book published: Paradoja, which praised Azorin, a fellow Spanish writer.

In 1946, he joined the Spanish Diplomatic School, which he would later become Head of, where he came into contact with various liberal monarchist groups. During his youth, Gonzalo Fernandez de la Mora came into contact with many different people, such as Fernando Alvarez de Miranda, Joaquin Calvo Sotelo, Íñigo Cavero, Torcuato Luca de Tena, Juan Jose Lopez and Jose de Yanguas Messia. As a diplomat, he occupied the positions of Spanish consul in Frankfurt (1949), person in charge of negotiations in Bonn (1949–51) and cultural advisor in Athens (1961–62). From 1970 to 1974 he was Minister of Public Works. In 1974 was appointed as director of the Spanish Diplomatic School.

Fernandez de la Mora was awarded Extraordinary Prizes in the state exam and in his law degree, in addition to graduating in Pure Philosophy; he graduated from the University of Madrid. He was also visiting professor and librarian of the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and a member of various world universities: Geneva, New York, Argentina, Venezuela and Chile.

External links
Biography at Spanish Congress site

Members of the constituent Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Politicians from Barcelona
1924 births
2002 deaths
People's Alliance (Spain) politicians
Spanish political writers
Francoists

Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora


Sơn Tinh – Thủy Tinh (the Mountain God vs. Lord of the Waters)  is a famous Vietnamese myth. This myth explains the practice of tidal irrigation and devastating floods in Vietnam as a result of monsoon—a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain (the wet monsoon), or from the northeast between October and April (the dry monsoon).

Sơn Tinh is also one of the Four Immortals.

Myth
Hùng Duệ Vương, the 18th king of the Hồng Bàng dynasty, had a very beautiful daughter named Mỵ Nương. When she grew up and became a woman, the King began his search to arrange her marriage. He wanted to find a special son-in-law, someone who was intelligent, handsome, and talented for his beloved daughter. To find such an individual, the King held an official contest. Anyone who could prove his worthiness, would be given the hand of his daughter. Princes, scholars, famous writers, gifted artists, wealthy businessmen, and men with various talents from everywhere came to try their best. Among them were two extraordinary men: Sơn Tinh, the Mountain God, and Thủy Tinh, Lord of the Waters.

King Hùng Vương requested both to showcase their powers. Sơn Tinh waved his hand in the air and trees instantly grew from the ground to make a forest. He just said a magic word and mountains rose from the earth. Thủy Tinh also had similar powers. When he waved his hand, the winds began to blow. When he spoke a magic word, the sea level elevated.

However, as both Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh met all the criteria required to become Mỵ Nương's husband, it was difficult to choose between them. Eventually, the King decided to present one final challenge. The first man to arrive with specially selected wedding gifts the next day would be granted permission to marry the princess. These unique wedding gifts included a nine-tusk elephant, a nine-spur cockerel, and a nine-mane horse. Early the next morning, as the sun came up, Sơn Tinh arrived first, married Mỵ Nương and took her back to the Tản Viên Mountain, where he lived.

Thủy Tinh came a few minutes afterward. Upon realizing that he was too late, he became extremely furious. He and his servants chased after Sơn Tinh to take Mỵ Nuong back. Unwilling to accept defeat, he summoned torrential rain, gusty winds, thunder and lightning, and also brought the sea level higher, to defeat Sơn Tinh. However, as the sea level rose, Sơn Tinh used his magic to raise the height of the mountains as a counter-measure. Everyone suffered the rage of Thủy Tinh as the floods he caused destroyed land, crops, and houses. To protect the people, their properties, and belongings, Son Tinh created dikes to shield from the rising sea.

This battle between the two Lords lasted for countless days but eventually, Thủy Tinh became weary and lowered the sea level. He never, however, forgave Sơn Tinh nor let go of his desire for revenge to get Mỵ Nương back. Thus, every year, people have to suffer floods as a consequence of Thủy Tinh's eternal vindictiveness.

Literature and music
 The poem "Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh" by Nguyễn Nhược Pháp.
 The play Truyền thuyết Sơn Tinh Thủy Tinh (The myth of Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh) by Thanh Phương.
 The song "Chuyện tình Thủy Thần" (The God of the Water's love story) written by lead singer Trần Lập, performed by the Bức Tường band.

References

Vietnamese mythology
Vietnamese deities

Sơn Tinh – Thủy Tinh


Karl Hopf (Hamm, Westphalia, February 19, 1832 – Wiesbaden, August 23, 1873) or Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf was a historian and an expert in Medieval Greece, both Byzantine and Frankish.

Career

Hopf graduated from the University of Bonn, where he received his Ph.D. in the medieval history of Greece. He worked as a professor and librarian in the University of Greifswald and the University of Königsberg. He frequently visited Italian and Greek medieval archives to find sources for his works.

Notable works

His notable works include the "History of Greece from the beginning of Middle Ages to the year 1821". It was considered the most important addition made to the knowledge about Byzantine and modern Greek history in the period 1863-1877, when considerable additions had been made.

In his 1870 work, Hopf dealt with the migrations of the Romani people. According to him, after they came from the East, they were first concentrated in the Romanian lands. To escape slavery, they went to Serbia, and the Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan dispersed them throughout the Balkans, as far as Greece.

Sources
 Peter Wirth: Hopf, Carl. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 9. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, S. 609.
 Ludwig Streit: Hopf, Karl. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 13. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, S. 102–104.

Works
 List of works published by Karl Hopf, listed in catalogue of National library in Berlin

References

External links
 Karl Hopf (ed.) Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues, 1873 on Google Books

1832 births
1873 deaths
German Byzantinists
People from the Province of Westphalia
German medievalists
University of Bonn alumni
Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
People from Hamm
German male non-fiction writers

Scholars of Byzantine history
Historians of medieval Greece

Karl Hopf (historian)


The area of Cathedral Close, Exeter has been in the centre of Exeter, Devon, England, since Roman times when there was a basilica and a bath house in this area. A church was established here by the seventh century when a young Saint Boniface came from Crediton to study. The area was walled after 1283 and seven gates into the yard were created. The gates included one at St Petrocks and the original grand entrance into the yard – Broadgate. This created the cathedral close.

The postal address Cathedral Close refers only to the properties adjoining the north-eastern side of the grassed area around the cathedral.  The north-western side of the Cathedral Green, including the Royal Clarence Hotel, is known as Cathedral Yard.

In the centre of the green is a statue of Richard Hooker, a 16th-century Anglican theologian, who was born in Exeter.

Buildings in the close
As well as the Cathedral itself there are a number of important buildings in the close. Two churches face the Cathedral  – St Petrocks Church and St Martins. There are also a number of other grade 1 listed buildings: Mol's Coffee House, No 5, Nos 8, 9 and 9a and No 10 Cathedral Close.  The grade II listed Royal Clarence Hotel in Cathedral Yard, also overlooks the Green.

References

External links

Exeter
Exeter Cathedral

Cathedral Close, Exeter


A lintel  or lintol is a type of beam (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings such as  portals, doors, windows and fireplaces. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented/structural item. In the case of windows, the bottom span is referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall.
Modern-day lintels may be made using prestressed concrete and are also referred to as beams in beam-and-block slabs or as ribs in rib-and-block slabs. These prestressed concrete lintels and blocks can serve as components that are packed together and propped to form a suspended-floor concrete slab.

An arch functions as a curved lintel.

Structural uses
In worldwide architecture of different eras and many cultures, a lintel has been an element of post and lintel construction. Many different building materials have been used for lintels.

In classical Western architecture and construction methods, by Merriam-Webster definition, a lintel is a load-bearing member and is placed over an entranceway. The lintel may be called an architrave, but that term has alternative meanings that include more structure besides the lintel.  The lintel is a structural element that is usually rested on stone pillars or stacked stone columns, over a portal or entranceway.

A lintel may support the chimney above a fireplace, or span the distance of a path or road, forming a stone lintel bridge.

Ornamental uses

The use of the lintel form as a decorative building element over portals, with no structural function, has been employed in the architectural traditions and styles of most cultures over the centuries.

Examples of the ornamental use of lintels are in the hypostyle halls and slab stelas in ancient Egypt and the Indian rock-cut architecture of Buddhist temples in caves. Preceding prehistoric and subsequent Indian Buddhist temples were wooden buildings with structural load-bearing wood lintels across openings. The rock-cut excavated cave temples were more durable, and the non-load-bearing carved stone lintels allowed creative ornamental uses of classical Buddhist elements. Highly skilled artisans were able to simulate the look of wood, imitating the nuances of a wooden structure and the wood grain in excavating cave temples from monolithic rock.
In freestanding Indian building examples, the Hoysala architecture tradition between the 11th and 14th centuries produced many elaborately carved non-structural stone lintels in the Southern Deccan Plateau region of southern India. The Hoysala Empire era was an important period in the development of art and architecture in the South Indian Kannadiga culture. It is remembered today primarily for its Hindu temples'  mandapa, lintels, and other architectural elements, such as at the Chennakesava Temple.

The Maya civilization in the Americas was known for its sophisticated art and monumental architecture. The Mayan city of Yaxchilan, on the Usumacinta River in present-day southern Mexico, specialized in the stone carving of ornamental lintel elements within structural stone lintels. The earliest carved lintels were created in 723 CE. At the Yaxchilan archaeological site there are fifty-eight lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of major structures. Among the finest Mayan carving to be excavated are three temple door lintels that feature narrative scenes of a queen celebrating the king's anointing by a god.

Radiation protection
Lintels may also be used to reduce scattered radiation in medical applications.  For example, Medical linacs operating at high energies will produce activated neutrons which will be scattered outside the treatment bunker maze with a dose rate that depends on the maze cross section.  Lintels may be visible or recessed in the roof of the facility, and reduce dose rate in publicly accessible areas by reducing the maze cross section.

Types

Decoration
 Atalburu – Basque decorative lintel
 Marriage stone – decorative (can be structural) lintel

Structure
 Architrave – structural lintel or beam resting on columns-pillars
 Dolmen – prehistoric megalithic tombs with structural stone lintels
 Dougong – traditional Chinese structural element
 I-beam – steel lintels and beams
 Post and lintel

Gallery

See also

 Span (architecture)

Notes

Architectural elements
Doors
Ornaments (architecture)

Lintel


KLAC (570 AM) is a commercial sports radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, serving Greater Los Angeles and much of surrounding Southern California. Owned by a joint venture between iHeartMedia, Inc. and the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball club, KLAC serves as the Los Angeles affiliate for Fox Sports Radio; the flagship station for the Los Angeles Dodgers Radio Network, the Los Angeles Clippers, UCLA Bruins football and basketball; and the home of radio personalities Fred Roggin, Rodney Peete, Petros Papadakis and Matt "Money" Smith.

The KLAC studios are located in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, while the station transmitter resides in Los Angeles' Lincoln Heights neighborhood. Besides its main analog transmission, KLAC simulcasts over a HD digital subchannel of KYSR, and streams online via iHeartRadio.

History

Early years
KLAC first signed on in 1924 as KFPG.  In 1925, it became KMTR, with the call sign chosen for the new owner, K. M. Turner, a radio dealer.  In the 1930s, it transmitted with 1,000 watts and had its studios at 915 North Formosa Street.

In 1946, Dorothy Schiff, publisher of the New York Post, bought the station and renamed it KLAC, for Los Angeles, California.  During the 1940s, Douglas Adamson worked as a disc jockey on KLAC and was voted one of Billboard magazine's top ten DJs in America.  Al Jarvis created his West Coast version of the Make Believe Ballroom; in a KLAC advertisement in the 1947 edition of Broadcasting Yearbook, Jarvis is described as "the dean of the nation's disc jockeys" and the show promised to give away "a new Mercury, diamond rings, etc."

KLAC added a TV station, KLAC-TV at channel 13, on September 17, 1948.  Both the radio and TV operations were housed in studios at 1000 North Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood.  Al Jarvis notably hosted a TV edition of the Make Believe Ballroom, and a young Betty White was part of his staff, Regis Philbin and Leonard Nimoy also worked behind the scenes at the station. KLAC-TV was sold to the Copley Press in 1953, with the callsign changed to the current KCOP-TV.

Also in 1948, KLAC-FM began experimenting with FM broadcasts. The station official signed on the air on March 7, 1961, as KLAC-FM.  It mostly simulcast the AM station. In the late 1960s, it began airing its own programming, a vocal easy listening/MOR sound. In 1975, the station was sold to Combined Communications, later becoming KIIS-FM.

Metromedia ownership
KLAC and KLAC-FM were purchased by Metromedia in 1963.  Metromedia programmed a full service middle of the road (MOR) format of popular music, news and sports, similar to other Metromedia stations such as WNEW in New York City and WHK in Cleveland. KLAC and KLAC-FM at different times featured the talents of Les Crane, Louis Nye, and Lohman and Barkley.  Metromedia also owned KTTV (channel 11), and all three stations were housed in studios at Metromedia Square on Sunset Boulevard.

In the mid-1960s, KLAC switched to a talk radio format known as "Two-Way Radio." Hosts included Joe Pyne.  In the 1970s, KLAC switched to an adult standards format, playing music from the 1940s and early 1950s, along with soft adult contemporary hits of the 1950s and 1960s.  By early 1970, KLAC evolved to more of a full-service mainstream adult contemporary format focusing on popular adult hits from 1964 up to that time.

Country music
As the 1970s began, Los Angeles had two country music stations, KFOX and KIEV. However, neither station had a signal as powerful as that of KLAC. With this, on September 28, 1970, KLAC, due to the leadership of Ron Martin, decided to drop adult contemporary for country music. The number one on the station's first "Big 57 Survey" was "For The Good Times" by Ray Price.

The original DJs included Deano Day, Gene Price, Harry Newman, Sammy Jackson and Jay Lawrence, joined the following year by Dick Haynes, Charlie O'Donnell and Larry Scott. L.A. veteran DJ Nancy Plum (KTNQ, KMPC) was heard in the last days of the country format.

In the fall of 1980, KLAC got some serious competition in the country music field, including a station on FM; KZLA-FM (93.9) and KZLA (1540 AM) switched to country, followed in December 1980 by KHJ. (KHJ would return to oldies on April 1, 1983.)  KZLA-AM-FM and KLAC competed through the 1980s. During this time, KLAC DJ Harry Newman could also be heard as the image voice for KCOP-TV, which had been co-owned with KLAC until the late 1950s. (KCOP later became a sister station to KTTV, which previously was co-owned with KLAC for 21 years.)

Capital Cities and Malrite
In 1984, Metromedia sold KLAC to Capital Cities Communications, which subsequently sold its previous Los Angeles AM station, KZLA (now KMPC) to Spanish Broadcasting System.  One year later, Capital Cities announced its acquisition of ABC; the newly-merged company opted to retain KABC and KLOS, with both KLAC and KZLA-FM being sold to Malrite Communications.  KLAC moved to classic country, playing country and western hits from the 1950s to the 1970s.  One exception to the music format was a "combat talk" show hosted by Orange County conservative icon Wally George, on Monday nights during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

In late 1993, KLAC fired all its DJs and newscasters, including 31-year veteran Dean Sander, and dropped country for Westwood One's satellite-fed adult standards service, known as "Stardust."  It played Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, Nat King Cole, Neil Diamond, Peggy Lee, Petula Clark, Dean Martin, Johnny Mathis, The Carpenters, Elvis Presley, the Ames Brothers, Tony Bennett, Perry Como, Dionne Warwick and Barry Manilow. The station concentrated on vocalists from the 1960s and 70s, with big band music no longer played.  KLAC stayed with this format in some form until 2001.

Clear Channel ownership
KLAC was owned by Malrite until 1993, when the station was sold to Shamrock Communications in a group deal along with KZLA. In 1995, Shamrock's stations were absorbed by Chancellor Media and KZLA was swapped to Bonneville International in the late 1990s. Chancellor Media became AMFM Inc. when it merged with Capstar in 1999. In 2000, AMFM Inc. merged with Clear Channel Communications.  In 2014, Clear Channel changed its name to iHeartMedia, KLAC's current co-owner. In 2001, KLAC became a talk radio station, airing syndicated programs from Don Imus, Clark Howard, Dr. Dean Edell, The Truckin' Bozo show, and local host Michael Jackson.

On September 12, 2002, KLAC returned to an adult standards format, becoming the "Fabulous 570."  In addition to many of the station's previous standards artists, the playlist also included Norah Jones, Diana Krall, Harry Connick Jr., Rod Stewart and Michael Bublé, contemporary artists whose music is influenced by the Big Band Era. During the standards/lounge music period, Brad "Martini" Chambers, Jim "Swingin' Jimmy D" Duncan, Daisy Torme (Mel Torme's daughter) and LA radio and TV vet Gary Owens were among the air talent.

XTRA Sports 570
On February 4, 2005, Clear Channel Communications conducted a format swap on three of their radio stations in Southern California, including KLAC. KLAC switched formats to sports radio; adopted the "XTRA Sports 570"; with programming drawn from both XETRA (690 AM) and KXTA (1150 AM). Concurrently, XETRA changed format from sports radio to adult standards, re-branded as "The Fabulous 690"; and KXTA changed formats from sports radio to progressive talk as KLTK (1150 AM). All on- and off-air personnel were reassigned between the three stations; with KLAC retaining Steve Hartman, Lee Hamilton and Vic "The Brick" Jacobs from both XETRA and KXTA, along with the local rights to The Jim Rome Show. KLAC also initially marketed itself as serving both the Los Angeles and San Diego markets with the switch.

In February 2006, KLAC phased out the use of the XTRA Sports nickname as part of a re-orientation to the Los Angeles market, and was simply referred to on air as "AM 570". The XTRA Sports name was later re-launched in San Diego on KLSD on November 12, 2007, with Lee Hamilton starting local programming. For a brief time, "AM 570" placed less emphasis on sports and more emphasis on male-oriented talk to compete with the now-defunct KLSX, then the local home of Adam Carolla and Tom Leykis, and previously Howard Stern's L.A. station. Local hosts on KLAC were instructed to not limit themselves to sports, but also include celebrities, relationships, politics and current events. In addition, non-sports hosts Erich "Mancow" Muller and Phil Hendrie were added to the lineup.

The switch also meant that former afternoon host and one-time San Diego Chargers radio voice Lee "Hacksaw" Hamilton was moved to weekend duty. He also hosted a daily 5 p.m. sports update on KLAC for several months until landing a weekday show on San Diego-based KLSD. The KLAC call letters were initially only announced during station identification at the beginning of each hour, but would soon be used more often under the "AM 570 KLAC" brand, starting when the station celebrated its 30th anniversary as the Laker radio flagship. Some promotions spelled out the meaning of the call letters as "K-Los-Angeles-California".

Starting in late 2006, KLAC shifted its focus again to more sports content. Phil Hendrie voluntarily retired from his syndicated show to pursue an acting career (but would later revive the program on KTLK). Hendrie's time slot was filled by Joe McDonnell, who would last for two years at KLAC. Into The Night with Tony Bruno, which KLAC co-produced with The Content Factory, replaced McDonnell in September 2008.

Mancow was replaced with Roggin and Simers2(Squared), hosted by KNBC sportscaster Fred Roggin, T.J. Simers of the Los Angeles Times, and Simers' daughter, Tracy Simers. Roggin and Simers2 lasted 11 months before being replaced in September 2007 by Dan Patrick's syndicated morning show, also produced by The Content Factory. Former USC Trojans football running back and former KMPC afternoon host Petros Papadakis joined KLAC in January 2007, teaming up with sportscaster Matt "Money" Smith (then the host of the Lakers Radio Network's pregame, halftime, and postgame coverage) to host an afternoon drive program dubbed the Petros and Money Show.

On December 11, 2008, the Los Angeles Lakers announced that KLAC would no longer be the team's flagship station following the 2008–2009 season, with Laker games moving to KSPN, ESPN Radio's Los Angeles station. On September 23, 2011, the Los Angeles Dodgers announced that KLAC would become the flagship for the team's radio network beginning in the 2012 season.

Fox Sports Radio
On January 20, 2009, the station announced a "merger" with KLAC and Fox Sports Radio. Many of the network shows would be based at KLAC, with the end of most local programming. General manager Don Martin was named KLAC's program director, and also became the network's program director, replacing Andrew Ashwood, who died a few months earlier. Some programs would be based at the Clear Channel Studios in Burbank and some would be based at the Fox Sports Radio network offices in Sherman Oaks, which also housed the Premiere Networks' studios for Jim Rome. According to a report by Los Angeles Daily News media columnist Tom Hoffarth, Fox Sports Radio hosts Ben Maller, Andrew Siciliano, Krystal Fernandez, Craig Shemon and James Washington were released from their duties.

Shemon and Washington's morning slot was replaced by Dan Patrick, while Chris Myers' FSR show and Hartman's KLAC show were combined into Myers and Hartman; Myers effectively replaced Mychal Thompson (who was expected to leave the station at the end of the Laker season), and Vic "The Brick" Jacobs was reassigned to delivering brief sports updates. Siciliano and Fernandez's early evening show was replaced by Petros and Money, who would be carried on Fox Sports Radio between 2009 and 2014. KLAC initially dropped Into The Night with Tony Bruno to clear JT The Brick's existing FSR show, while Ben Maller's overnight show, The Third Shift, was canceled and replaced by a clip show entitled Fox Sports Soup. JT The Brick's show replaced Fox Sports Soup later in the year as the network assumed production of Into The Night and rehired Maller for weekend duty.

Myers left "Myers and Hartman" in March 2010 to focus on his other duties with Fox Sports, replaced by Pat O'Brien as co-host of the resurrected Loose Cannons, alongside Hartman and Jacobs.

Dodgers co-ownership
In September 2014, the Dodgers announced the team would buy an equity stake in KLAC, co-owning the station with iHeartMedia.  The Dodgers wanted to be the principal sports franchise carried on the station, with advertising imaged around the team.  Dodgers President Stan Kasten said "We will be teaming up with the fantastic creative team at iHeartMedia on a number of projects and initiatives, to enhance our fans engagement."

On March 15, 2015, KLAC announced that it would drop its branding connected with Fox Sports Radio, changing to "AM 570 LA Sports," with a greater emphasis on Dodgers coverage, including a weeknight "Dodgers Talk" show all year round. The "LA" in KLAC's logo is derived from the Dodgers' cap insignia.  Nevertheless, KLAC continued to carry some of the Fox Sports lineup such as Dan Patrick's morning show and Jay Mohr's midday show. The change in ownership was consummated on August 5, 2016.

KLAC took over as the flagship station of the Los Angeles Clippers on March 16, 2016, following previous flagship KFWB's sale and conversion to foreign-language programming mid-season. In case of a scheduling conflict with the Dodgers, the Clippers would be heard on KEIB.

In 2017, KLAC and its sister station KFI acquired the rights to the Los Angeles Chargers.  The play by play would air on KFI, with team shows and special programming on KLAC.

Sports play by play
Current:
Los Angeles Dodgers (2012–present)
Los Angeles Clippers (1984–1987; 2015–present)
Los Angeles Chargers (talk shows and special programming, with the games heard on 98.7 KYSR)
UCLA Bruins football
UCLA Bruins men's basketball
NFL on Westwood One
Former:
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–2009; last game was an NBA Finals win over the Orlando Magic)
Anaheim Angels (1999–2002, last game was a win over the San Francisco Giants to capture the World Series)
Los Angeles Raiders (1982–1994)
Los Angeles Avengers (2005–2008)
Los Angeles Sparks (2002–2005)
Los Angeles Express (1983–1984)

References

External links

LAC
Sports radio stations in the United States
Metromedia
Radio stations established in 1924
IHeartMedia radio stations
Los Angeles Dodgers
1924 establishments in California
Fox Sports Radio stations

KLAC


A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the president delivers a State of the Union address, when they gather to count and certify the votes of the Electoral College as the presidential election, or when they convene on the occasion of a presidential inauguration. A joint meeting is a ceremonial or formal occasion and does not perform any legislative function, and no resolution is proposed nor vote taken.

Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House. However, the Constitution requires the vice president (as president of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes.

Counting electoral votes

The Twelfth Amendment since 1804 has provided that the vice president, as President of the Senate, receives the Electoral College votes, and then, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, opens the sealed votes. The Electoral Count Act of 1887 requires the votes to be counted during a joint session on January 6 following the meetings of the presidential electors. The act also specifies that the president of the Senate presides over the session. The Twentieth Amendment now provides that the newly elected Congress counts the votes. Until 1936, the outgoing Congress counted the electoral votes.

The joint session to count electoral votes is held at 1:00 p.m. Eastern time on January 6 in the Chamber of the House of Representatives. The sitting vice president is expected to preside, but in several cases the president pro tempore of the Senate has chaired the proceedings instead. The vice president and the speaker of the House sit at the podium, with the vice president in the seat of the speaker of the House. Senate pages bring in the two mahogany boxes containing each state's certified vote and place them on tables in front of the senators and representatives. Each chamber appoints two tellers to count the vote (normally one member of each political party). Relevant portions of the Certificate of Vote are read for each state, in alphabetical order. Members of Congress can object to any state's vote count, provided that the objection is supported by at least one member of each house of Congress. A successful objection will be followed by separate debate and votes on the objection in each chamber of Congress. The successful vote by both chambers is required to toss out that state's vote count.

Objections to the electoral vote count are rarely raised, and only four have successfully occurred since the current procedure was implemented by the Electoral Count Act, two initiated by Democrats and two initiated by Republicans. The first was in 1969 regarding the vote of faithless elector Lloyd W. Bailey of North Carolina, who was pledged to vote for Richard Nixon but instead voted for George Wallace. The objection by Maine Senator Edmund Muskie and Michigan Representative James G. O'Hara was subsequently defeated. The second was in 2005, when Ohio Representative Stephanie Tubbs Jones joined with California Senator Barbara Boxer to object to the entire slate of electors from Ohio following controversies regarding voting in the state during the 2004 United States presidential election. The objection was defeated by wide margins in the House and Senate. The third and fourth occurred in 2021. Representative Paul Gosar of Arizona's 4th congressional district and Senator Ted Cruz of Texas successfully raised an objection to the certification of electoral votes from the election in Arizona, for the third.  Representative Scott Perry (PA-10) and Senator Josh Hawley (Missouri) objected to Pennsylvania electoral vote certification, for the fourth. Both objections were defeated by large margins in the House and Senate, although over 125 Republicans voted for each objection. The third objection was interrupted by the 2021 United States Capitol attack, leading Senator Kelly Loeffler (Georgia) to withdraw her objection to Georgia electoral vote certification.

Notably, Democratic members of the House attempted unsuccessfully to object to the certification of electoral votes from the 2000 presidential election, with outgoing vice president and Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore overruling multiple objections to the controversial election count from Florida due to the lack of a senator signing on to any of them. Similarly, in 2017, Democratic representatives attempted unsuccessfully to object to the electoral votes from multiple states after the 2016 presidential election.

If there are no objections or all objections are overruled, the presiding officer declares the result of the vote and states who is elected president and vice president. The senators then depart from the House Chamber.

State of the Union

At some time during the first two months of each session, the president customarily delivers the State of the Union address, a speech in which an assessment is made of the state of the country, and the president's legislative agenda is outlined. The speech is modeled on the Speech from the Throne, given by the British monarch. There is a major difference, in that the president is the principal author of his own State of the Union address, while the Speech from the Throne is customarily written by the prime minister.

The Constitution of the United States requires that the president "shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union," but does not specify whether the information should be given in a speech or a written report. The first two presidents, George Washington and John Adams, delivered the speech in person before both houses of Congress, but that practice was discontinued by Thomas Jefferson, who considered it too monarchical and sent written reports instead. Written reports were standard until 1913, when Woodrow Wilson reestablished the practice of personally attending to deliver the speech. Since then, on a number of occasions presidents have presented a written report, usually for medical reasons.

Subjects of joint sessions and meetings
Besides State of the Union addresses, inaugurals and counting of electoral votes, joint sessions or meetings usually fall into one of several topics.

Presidential addresses
In addition to a State of the Union address, presidents address Congress on specific subjects. The first such speech was delivered by John Adams on the subject of U.S. relations with France. The most popular subjects for such addresses are economic, military and foreign policy issues.

In addition to bringing back the tradition of delivering a State of the Union address, Woodrow Wilson was the first president since John Adams to address Congress on specific topics. He delivered 17 such speeches, more than any other president.

Newly inaugurated presidents may deliver an address to a joint session of Congress, similar to a State of the Union, shortly after they enter office; however, this speech is not considered an official "State of the Union".

Foreign dignitaries

Joint meetings have been held more than a hundred times to enable foreign heads of state or heads of government to address Congress. Leaders of 48 countries have addressed Congress at a joint meeting: Israel & France lead the list with nine joint meeting addresses by heads of state or dignitaries. Other leading countries are: United Kingdom (8), India (7), Mexico (7), Italy (6), Ireland (6), South Korea (6), Germany, including West Germany and unified Germany (5), Australia (4), Canada (3), Argentina (3), Philippines (3), Spain (2), South Vietnam (1) and Hungary (1). Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill each made three joint addresses to Congress, more than any other foreign dignitaries (Netanyahu: 1996, 2011, 2015; Churchill: 1941, 1943, 1952). Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin addressed joint meetings of Congress on two occasions (Modi: 2016, 2023; Rabin :1976 and 1994) as did Nelson Mandela of South Africa (1990 and 1994).

The first foreign dignitary to address a joint meeting of Congress was David Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands, on December 18, 1874, followed by Ambassador André de La Boulaye of France who addressed a joint session on May 20, 1934, to memorialize the centennial anniversary of the death of Marquis de Lafayette. The first non-dignitary to address a joint meeting of Congress was Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa in 1989. Nelson Mandela, then deputy president of the African National Congress addressed a joint meeting in 1990.

Twice have joint meetings been attended by dignitaries from two countries: On September 18, 1978, when Congress was addressed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and on July 26, 1994, when Congress was addressed by King Hussein of Jordan and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.

John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia, had originally been scheduled to address Congress on September 12, 2001, but his address was postponed due to the September 11 terrorist attacks the previous day. Howard's address was rescheduled for June 12, 2002, where he spoke about the attacks he had witnessed 9 months earlier. Howard was acknowledged with a standing ovation and describes the occasion as a "moving moment."

The most recent addresses by foreign dignitaries were given by President of Israel Isaac Herzog, on July 19, 2023, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 22, 2023, and Yoon Suk-yeol President of South Korea on April 27, 2023.

All foreign heads of state and heads of government are presented officially to Congress in the same manner as the president during the State of the Union Address and are introduced by the speaker by their diplomatic style of address, followed by their name and respective office.

Military leaders

Joint meetings are sometimes called to hear addresses by generals, admirals, or other military leaders. Perhaps the most notable example is Douglas MacArthur's farewell address to Congress. In concluding the speech he recalled an old army song which contained the line "old soldiers never die; they just fade away". He then said, "And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty. Good-bye".

Astronauts
Six times in the first years of the Space Age, Congress jointly met to be addressed by astronauts after their trips in space.

Memorials
Nine times, Congress has jointly met to hold a memorial service for a deceased president or former president. Congress has also met to memorialize Vice President James Sherman and the Marquis de Lafayette.

Historic joint sessions and joint meetings

The first occurrence of a joint session was on April 6, 1789, at Federal Hall in New York City during the 1st Congress, for the counting of electoral votes.
On December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered the "Day of Infamy speech" to a joint session of Congress. Less than an hour later, Congress issued a formal declaration of war against Japan and officially brought the U.S. into World War II. This address is regarded as one of the most famous American political speeches of the 20th century.
On March 15, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson, after witnessing marchers beaten during the "Bloody Sunday" incident during the first Selma to Montgomery march, called on Congress to write and pass a Voting Rights Act. During this speech Johnson used the words "We Shall Overcome".
On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush gave a speech before a joint session of Congress in response to the September 11 attacks. Vice President Dick Cheney was the designated survivor which led to Senate president pro tempore Robert Byrd presiding alongside House Speaker Dennis Hastert.
On January 6, 2021, during the Joint Session of Congress convened to count the electoral votes for the 2020 presidential election victory of Joe Biden, a mob of rioters supporting outgoing President Donald Trump stormed and vandalized the Capitol building. Four rioters died, one of whom was shot by Capitol Police. The joint session resumed later that evening, going into the following day.
On April 28, 2021, two women presided over an address to Congress for the first time ever, with Vice President Kamala Harris and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi seated on the rostrum behind President Joe Biden.

Joint meetings
On December 18, 1874, Kalākaua was the first person in history received by the United States Congress in a joint meeting. This differs from a joint session of Congress, which requires the adoption of a concurrent resolution. Joint meetings of Congress are rare, and another one was not called until the 1900 Centennial of the Capital City.

See also
List of joint sessions of the United States Congress
List of people who have addressed both Houses of the United Kingdom Parliament
Joint address (Canada)—similar event held in the Parliament of Canada
Joint session
United States Congress

Notes

References

External links

House Clerk Video of Joint Meetings and Joint Sessions dating to January 6, 2009

Legislative branch of the United States government

Joint session of the United States Congress


Moe Island is an island  long in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica, separated from the south-west end of Signy Island by Fyr Channel. It was charted by Captain Petter Sørlle in 1912–13, and named after M. Thoralf Moe of Sandefjord, Norway, a contemporary whaling captain who worked in this area. The northernmost point of the island is Spaull Point, named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Vaughan W. Spaull, British Antarctic Survey (BAS) biologist on Signy Island, 1969.

Antarctic Specially Protected Area
The island has been designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 109) mainly for its biological values, especially the banks of Chorisodontium–Polytrichum moss turf and Andreaea–Usnea  fellfield. The cryptogamic flora is diverse, though in places the moss turf is subject to damage by Antarctic fur seals. The mites Stereotydeus villosus and Gamasellus racovitzai, as well as the springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus, are common beneath stones.

Important Bird Area
Moe Island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of seabirds.  Some 11,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins were recorded in 1978–79, though subsequently their numbers have declined with only about 100 pairs present in January 2006.  Other birds recorded nesting at the site include Cape petrels, Antarctic prions and snow petrels.

See also
 List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
 Snipe Peak

References

Islands of the South Orkney Islands
Important Bird Areas of Antarctica
Seabird colonies
Antarctic Specially Protected Areas
Penguin colonies

Moe Island


Anton Franciscus Pieck (19 April 1895 – 24 November 1987) was a Dutch painter, artist and graphic artist. His works are noted for their nostalgic or fairy tale-like character and are widely popular, appearing regularly on cards and calendars. He is also known for being the first designer of the famous Dutch theme park Efteling.

Biography
Anton Franciscus Pieck was born on 19 April 1895 in Den Helder in the Netherlands. He was the son of Henri Christiaan Pieck and Petronella Neijfs, and twin brother of the painter and illustrator Henri Christiaan Pieck. Pieck married Jo van Poelvoorde (died 1983) in 1922. The couple had three children, Elsa, Anneke and Max (died 1986).

Between 1912 and 1920 Pieck was an art teacher at the Bik en Vaandrager Institute in The Hague. He took the same job at the Kennemer Lyceum in Overveen, where he worked until 1960. From the 1920s on he became well known for his book illustrations, which among others were published in the Dutch children's magazine Zonneschijn. Some of these were presented in a text comics format. His most famous book illustrations were Grimm's Fairy Tales and Arabian Nights. Pieck was furthermore a painter of nostalgic 19th century city scenes and winter scenes, which are still popular to this day as images on greeting cards and calendars.

Efteling
From 1952 to 1974, Pieck was responsible for designing almost everything for fairy-tale park Efteling in Kaatsheuvel, now one of the major theme parks in Europe. His work for the Efteling has been of huge importance for the future of the park, since almost all later designers used his graphic characteristics in their designs (such as materials, colors and shapes).

Anton Pieck Museum
In 1984 the Anton Pieck Museum was opened at the Achterstraat in Hattem. The museum is called "Huis voor Anton Pieck" ("House for Anton Pieck"). It exhibits various art works by Pieck.

Trivia
 In the comic Spike and Suzy, the characters visit De Efteling three times, in De Efteling-elfjes, in Fata Morgana and in De belhamel-bende. In this last comic, Pieck has a cameo role when Lambik is called by someone who knows where Tante Sidonia is.
 Dutch poet and singer Drs. P wrote a song, "Winterdorp," as a homage to Pieck's cosy drawing style.
 In a 2004 poll regarding De Grootste Nederlander (The Greatest Dutchman), the general public placed Pieck in 81st place.
 Pieck illustrated the Dutch version of the book The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (Nils Holgersson).
 In Kaatsheuvel a LOM school has been named after Anton Pieck.
 In 1972 he designed the classic car museum "Autotron" in Drunen. After the museum collection relocated to Rosmalen, the building has been used as a cultural centre housing a broad range of activities, including theatre, restaurants, music school, and club house for the elderly. The building's name was changed to "De Voorste Venne".

References

External links

 The Anton Pieck Museum in Hattem

  Lambiek Comiclopedia article

20th-century Dutch painters
Dutch engravers
Dutch illustrators
Dutch children's book illustrators
Dutch graphic artists
Dutch graphic designers
Dutch comics artists
1895 births
1987 deaths
Efteling
20th-century illustrators of fairy tales
People from Den Helder
Dutch male painters
20th-century Dutch male artists
20th-century engravers
Dutch twins

Anton Pieck


Joey Dedio (born September 11, 1963) is an American actor of Puerto Rican and Italian descent.

Early life
Dedio was born in New York City on September 11, 1963.

Career
While in his 20s, Dedio appeared in the NBC soap opera Another World and the television version of The Karate Kid, as the voice of Daniel LaRusso. He provided the voice of lead character Wheeler in the environmentalist cartoon show Captain Planet and the Planeteers. He voiced a drug dealer in an anti-drug special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue, which was introduced by then-President George H. W. Bush and his wife, First Lady Barbara Bush.

His other voice roles include Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw, Extreme Ghostbusters and Denver, the Last Dinosaur.

He later appeared in Sunset Beach and guest starred on Law & Order and Chicago Hope. In theatres, he appeared in off Broadway productions like SoHo Reps Skin and workshopped for Joe Pintauro's Broadway bound The Dead Boy. He has appeared in over fifteen films including L.A. Rules, Somewhere in the City, Where the Day Takes You, Timelock (1996), The Last Great Ride, Queenie in Love, A Good Night to Die, Strays
and Trick.

In 2004 he starred in and associate produced Bomb the System.
Dedio's first screenplay titled Downtown: A Street Tale was completed in 2006.

Dedio then co-produced the documentary The Providence Effect about the school Providence St. Mel, where President Obama was a community organizer before becoming President of the United States. Dedio then starred opposite Academy Award winner Melissa Leo in the South African drama Lullaby directed by Academy Award nominee Darryl Roodt.

In 2013 Dedio produced the film Musical Chairs directed by Academy Award nominee Susan Seidelman. The film earned the producers a GLADD nomination for Best Feature.

Dedio then wrote and starred in the title role of the hit award-winning film Tio Papi. Dedio was nominated as Best Actor at the 2013 Imagen Awards for his portrayal of Ray Ray Dominguez as well as receiving a key to the city of Miami and Miami Beach for his work on the project. Dedio's next film was the cult classic 36 Saints.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
American male film actors
Film producers from New York (state)
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Male actors from New York City
Puerto Rican male actors
American people of Italian descent
American actors of Puerto Rican descent

Joey Dedio


Alberto Maria Fontana (born 2 December 1974) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent the vast majority of his 18-year senior career as a backup. In Serie A, he represented Torino and Novara, for a total of 25 games.

Football career
Born in Turin, Fontana started his career at Juventus but played his first seasons as a senior in Serie C1, Serie C2 and Serie D. In mid-1998 he joined Serie B club Hellas Verona F.C. and, the following campaign, he returned to the third division, successively representing A.C. Reggiana 1919 and A.C. Sandonà 1922.

In mid-2000 Fontana returned to the second level, signing with A.C. Pistoiese where he served as David Dei's backup. He met the same fate at his new club U.S. Città di Palermo (A.S. Roma's farm team at that time), to Vincenzo Sicignano.

In June 2002 Fontana joined Torino F.C. of the top division in a co-ownership deal, in exchange with Gabriele Paoletti. During his seven-year stint, the longest of his career, he played second-fiddle to Luca Bucci, Stefano Sorrentino, Massimo Taibi, Christian Abbiati and Matteo Sereni.

In summer 2009, 35-year-old Fontana was released by Toro and joined Novara Calcio in division three, where he again was second-choice, now to Albania's Samir Ujkani. He also played a few games due to injury of the latter, including 15 in 2011–12's top level, which ended in relegation.

Italian football scandal
On 18 June 2012, Fontana was banned along with former Novara teammate Nicola Ventola for three years and six months, as the Italian Football Federation found the match between Novara and A.C. Chievo Verona for the 2010–11 Coppa Italia to be fixed. Cristian Bertani was also arrested.

In November 2012, Fontana's appeal to the Italian Olympic Committee's TNAS was accepted. His contract was terminated late in that year, and he retired shortly after.

Personal life
Fontana is not related to another football goalkeeper, also named Alberto Fontana, who had an even longer professional career. As his footballing namesake, he was nicknamed Jimmy after singer Jimmy Fontana.

Honours

Individual
Torino FC Hall of Fame: 2015

References

External links

 Football.it profile
 Gazzetta dello Sport profile (2007–08)

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Turin
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Juventus FC players
ASD AVC Vogherese 1919 players
Hellas Verona FC players
AC Reggiana 1919 players
US Pistoiese 1921 players
AS Roma players
Palermo FC players
Torino FC players
Novara FC players

Alberto Fontana (footballer, born 1974)


Just So is a musical by Anthony Drewe and George Stiles written in 1984 based on the Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling. Just So was originally produced by Cameron Mackintosh at the Watermill Theatre and in 1990, also by Mackintosh, at the Tricycle Theatre in London. It has been subsequently produced at various theatres in the US and UK.

Synopsis

Act One

The Eldest Magician begins by reading a story to the Best Beloved. (Just So) All of the animals did as the Eldest Magician asked except for Pau Amma the Crab, who would go out looking for food twice a day, causing large areas of the land to flood (Another Tempest). The elephants gather round the watering hole to discuss the tyranny of the Crab. The Elephant's Child decides "There's No Harm In Asking", and so, he asks a series of "Silly Questions". They are interrupted by the Crab's feed and are forced to move to higher ground.

The Elephant's Child and the flightless Kolokolo Bird journey to the "Limpopo River" in search of the Crab. Travelling in a small raft, the two are washed up on an uninhabited island where the Parsee Man and his beloved Cooking Stove can no longer cook, as the Crab constantly floods the crops (Living On This Island). Rhinoceros bursts on stage complaining about his "Thick Skin" and continues on his way. Parsee Man and the cooking stove agree to cook a special cookie made out "Butter, Sugar and Flour". Parsee Man shows the Elephant's Child and the Kolokolo Bird "The Parsee Cake Walk". Once the cake is completed, Rhino leaps forward and rushes off with it, leaving the Parsee Man and the cooking stove vowing to get revenge (The Crime).

The Elephant's Child and the Kolokolo Bird set sail once again. The raft reaches the coast of Africa, where they meet the animals on the High Veldt (The Chase). When the Elephant's Child asks for help in finding the Crab, Jaguar and Leopard offer a deal: they will help find the Limpopo River in exchange for help finding Giraffe and Zebra. When the Elephant's Child asks why, Jaguar and Leopard cheerfully explain (We Want To Take The Ladies Out). The travelers feel they should warn the other animals, so they convince Giraffe and Zebra to join them (Pick Up Your Hooves and Trot). The Eldest Magician moulds and shapes the light beam to fall on the animals in such a way as to hide the giraffe and zebra. The two are transformed into their patchy and stripey patterns (Jungle Light).

The Elephant's Child politely asks the Crab to stop playing with the sea. Pau Amma laughs and vows to go out and hunt for food seven times a day now so that the waters will never be still. The Kolokolo Bird convinces The Elephant's Child that they must continue their way to the Limpopo River and think of something to stop the Crab (Limpopo River (Reprise)).

Act Two

The Eldest Magician is interrupted by the arrival of the Elephant's Child and the Kolokolo Bird having an argument (The Argument). The Eldest Magician introduces The Elephant's Child to the Kangaroo, who sings about how normal his legs used to be (Aboriginally I). He wanted, however, to be more powerful and so the Eldest Magician recruited the Dingo Dog to chase him, building up the muscles in the Kangaroo's legs (Leaps and Bounds). As he ran he began to hop, and as his legs got larger he hopped so much that he could run no more.
As Kangaroo exits he warns the Elephant's Child: "Sometimes you get what you want, sometimes you get what you deserve".

Back in the jungle, the Kolokolo Bird sits wondering why she always makes herself wait (Wait A Bit). The two cats appear and tie her up, just as the Elephant's Child bursts through to rescue her. The Jaguar offers to let the bird go in exchange for the whereabouts of the Zebra and the Giraffe. Now perfectly camouflaged by their new skins, Giraffe and Zebra taunt and tease them. The Elephant's Child offers to show the Leopard and the Jaguar how they can change their skins too in exchange for his and the Kolokolo Bird's freedom. The cats agree and use smoke (Just So (Reprise)) to acquire new hides of their own.

The Elephant's Child is searching for Kolokolo Bird in order to apologize (Does The Moment Ever Come). The Parsee Man and the Cooking Stove enter in a boat made from an upturned Crab shell with the Rhino swimming close behind. The Rhino blames the Parsee Man for ruining his skin, as he filled it with crumbs whilst the Rhino was swimming. He prepares to charge at the Parsee Man's Cooking Stove, but the Parsee Man begs the Rhino (Please Don't Touch My Stove). Rhino, Parsee Man, and the Cooking Stove all agree to be friends.

The Elephant's Child sees water in the distance and exclaims they must be at the Limpopo River. The Crocodile invites him to come over, offering to give the Elephant's Child directions if he will give him a meal (Little One Come Hither). Eventually, the Elephant's Child pulls free and the Crocodile slinks back into the water. The Elephant's Child is embarrassed to see that his nose has been pulled into a trunk. The Kolokolo Bird encourages him to look on the bright side of having such a long nose.

The Elephant's Child notices the abandoned Crab shell and realizes how they can defeat the Crab (If). As the Crab emerges from the water, the Eldest Magician casts a spell on the Crab which makes him shrink. When the Eldest Magician asks the other animals what to do with the Crab, the Elephant's Child prompts him to let the Crab go to play in the sea, where he can no longer harm anyone.

All of the animals and the Eldest Magician celebrate their victories and their uniqueness with a grand finale (Just So (Reprise, Limpopo River (Reprise).

Musical numbers
Act 1
Just So: (Full Company)
Another Tempest: (Elephants)
There's No Harm In Asking: (Elephant's Child, Eldest Magician)
Silly Questions: (Elephant's Child, Elephants)
The Limpopo River: (Eldest Magician, Kolokolo Bird, Elephant's Child, Company)
Living On This Island: (Parsee, Cooking Stove, Elephant's Child, Kolokolo Bird)
Thick Skin: (Rhino)
The Parsee Cake-Walk: (Parsee, Full Company)
The Crime: (Kolokolo Bird, Elephant's Child, Parsee, Cooking Stove)
The Chase: (Giraffe, Zebra, Jaguar, Leopard)
We Want To Take The Ladies Out: (Jaguar, Leopard)
Pick Up Your Hooves: (Giraffe, Zebra, Kolokolo Bird, Elephant's Child)
Jungle Light/Just So (reprise): (Full Company)
Act One Finale/ The Limpopo River (reprise): (Kolokolo Bird, Elephant's Child, Eldest Magician, Full Company)

Act 2
 Entr'acte: (Eldest Magician)
The Argument: (Elephant's Child, Kolokolo Bird)
Wait A Bit: (Kolokolo Bird)
Aboriginally I Came: (Kangaroo, Dingo Dog, Eldest Magician)
Leaps and Bounds: (Eldest Magician, Kangaroo, Dingo Dog, Wallabies)
Leaps and Bounds Reprise: (Kangaroo)
The chase Part 2 Just So Reprise: (Jaguar, Leopard, Giraffe, Zebra, Wildebeests)
Does The Moment Ever Come?: (Elephant's Child)
Please Don't Touch My Stove: (Parsee Man, Cooking Stove, Rhino, Elephant's Child)
Little One Come Hither: (Crocodile, Elephant's Child)
Wait A Bit (Reprise): (Kolokolo Bird, Elephants)
If: (Eldest Magician, Kolokolo Bird, Elephant's Child, Full Company)
Just So/The Limpopo River (reprise): (Full Company)
Finale: (Full Company)

Characters
Main characters:
 Elephant's Child: Central to the plot of the story. A generally kind-hearted, excited but curious elephant who can often be a little reckless.
 Kolokolo Bird: Elephant's Child's reluctant and cynical guide, often known to make a joke; a bird that is too afraid to fly.
 Eldest Magician: Both a character and the Narrator, the Eldest Magician tells the story to the audience and interacts with the characters on their journeys, acting as a God-like figure.

Secondary characters:
 Parsee Man: An Indian man who is a French chef and lives on an island with only a cooking stove for company.
 Cooking Stove: The Parsee Man's most beloved possession.
 Rhino: A lazy, messy, braggy creature with tight skin.
 Giraffe: Zebra's friend, more open minded than Zebra.
 Zebra: A diva, Giraffe's best friend.
 Jaguar: The smarter member of the Leopard/Jaguar duo.
 Leopard: The idiot member of the Leopard/Jaguar duo.
 Pau Amma: A giant crab, who plays with the sea, the shows antagonist.
 Kangaroo: A humble creature, with huge legs, he is used to be vain.
 Dingo Dog: The wild dog sent to chase Kangaroo.
 Crocodile: The crocodile lives in the Limpopo and is a very shady character.
 King Elephant: Elephant's child's dad
 Queen Elephant: Elephant's child's mum
Ensemble:
 Elephants: Are not at all curious, and shun the Elephant's child for asking such 'silly questions'.
 Wildebeests: They are the Giraffe and Zebra's friends, but the Giraffe and Zebra aren't theirs.
 Wallabies: The supporters, cheerleaders, and fangirls of both Kangaroo and Dingo Dog.

Selected casts

Cast recording
The 2005 production of the show was recorded with the Chichester Festival Theatre cast (including Julie Atherton, and Richard Dempsey) and also featuring John Barrowman as the Eldest Magician, and Anthony Drewe as the cooking stove, but it does not include all the numbers, particularly "Aboriginally I".

References

External links
 Official site
 Just So at the Music Theatre International website
 Review of Tabard Theatre production

1984 musicals
British musicals
Adaptations of works by Rudyard Kipling

Just So (musical)


Association Sportive Ararat Issy is a French football club founded in 1975 based in Issy-les-Moulineaux. Managed by Franck Toutoundjian, A.S.A Issy (or A.S Ararat Issy) plays in the CFA 2 in 2009–10.

History
In 1974, a group of friends decided to create a football club for Armenian community of Ile-de-France. It was essentially a way of sharing their passion for sport with the youth of the community at the same time as transmitting some of the rich cultural heritage of Armenia, one of the oldest civilisations in the world.

The Association Sportive Arménienne (A.S.A) decided to play in Issy-les-Moulineaux after the request of Armand Zarpanelian, former player who built the stadium in 1981. The club had around 60 players and played in the first Division in the District.

At the start of the 1990s, A.S.A Issy had been promoted three years running, and played in the first Division of the District of the D.H (Division d'Honneur). The match to get promoted to the P.H (Promotion d'Honneur) is well remembered. 1200 people watched the 3–0 victory for A.S.A Issy against F.C Montrouge 92, an attendance record for this level of match.

The team has not yet dropped back down to this level, but they have had difficult seasons in their history. It took a 2–0 victory against F.C Massy 91, to stay in the D.H (Division d'Honneur), with two extraordinary goals from Michel Milosevic, both player and general manager.

To begin with, the club only used players of Armenian origin. A.S.A Issy became progressively more open, and tries to conserve and develop a community and familial spirit. Franck Toutoundjian, club president, is quoted as saying: "the community aspect has never been a fixation, but we are the only community club playing in the C.F.A 2". This is why, in 2003, the club changed its name from Association Sportive Arménienne, to Association Sportive d'Origine Arménienne, so that A.S.A Issy became A.S.O.A Issy. The club currently has around 400 members, with thirty coaches and fifteen technicians. The club also has twelve referees and two controllers represented on the board of the District of Hauts-de-Seine (92).

At the end of the 2005/2006 season, the A.S.O.A Issy team finished in first place with the best attack, the best defence, and the two highest scorers in the league (Eric Akoun and Julien Potier). After 14 seasons in the D.H (Division d'Honneur), the team began the 2006/2007 season in C.F.A 2 and therefore represented the town of Issy-les-Moulineaux as well as the agglomeration of Arc de Seine (five towns with almost 165 000 inhabitants).

A.S.O.A Issy is, in sporting terms, the major football club for the town of Issy-les-Moulineaux since F.C Issy-les-Moulineaux has a smaller number of members. It is fact the biggest sports club in the town of Issy-les-Moulineaux.

At the start of the 2008/2009 season, the club changed its name for a second time, from Association Sportive d'Origine Arménienne, to Association Sportive Ararat, so that A.S.O.A Issy became A.S.A Issy (or A.S Ararat Issy).

This is because, under the ownership of Franck Toutoundjian and Patrick Chêne, A.S.A Issy became associated with Groupe 365 (part of Groupe Sporever) under the control of sporting internet sites such as Football365.fr, to play an important role in the project of MyFootballClub.

Due to the role of strong personalities, the team continues to grow: Armand Zarpanelian, the club's founder, Sarkis Kasparian, former president, Michel Milosevic, Jean-Pierre Ortz, Vincent Yazmadjian, youth coach, Franck Toutoundjian, the current president, and many others.

The club have also been supported by André Santini, Mayor of Issy-les-Moulineaux, who has supported the club since its foundation.

Current squad

Honours
 Champions of the D.H - Paris / Ile de France : 2006

External links
New official internet site

Sport in Hauts-de-Seine
Football clubs in Paris
Association football clubs established in 1975
1975 establishments in France
Armenian association football clubs outside Armenia

ASA Issy


Edward DeKalb Acuff (June 3, 1903 – December 17, 1956) was an American stage and film actor. He frequently was cast as a droll comic relief, in the support of the star. His best-known recurring role is that of Mr. Beasley, the postman, in the Blondie movie series that starred Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake.

Early years
Acuff was born in Caruthersville, Missouri. He was the son of DeKalb Acuff (1880-1916) and his wife Grace (later known as Mrs. H. N. Arnold),.

Career
Before beginning his Hollywood film career in 1934, Acuff performed in Broadway theatre in the early-1930s. His Broadway credits include Jayhawker (1934), Yellow Jack (1934), John Brown (1934), Growing Pains (1933), Heat Lightning (1933), and The Dark Hours (1932).

In 1935, Warner Bros. signed Acuff to a long-term contract and scheduled him to debut on film in Anchors Aweigh. He had a recurring role as the postman in the Blondie film series. Acuff was seen in three film serials — as Curly in Jungle Girl, as Red Kelly in Daredevils of the West, and as Spud Warner in Chick Carter Detective.

Death
On December 17, 1956, Acuff died of a heart attack in Hollywood, California. He is buried in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1903 births
1956 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
Male actors from Missouri
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
People from Caruthersville, Missouri

Eddie Acuff


A maritime forest is an ocean coastal wooded habitat found on higher ground than dune areas within range of salt spray.  They can be found along the Atlantic and Pacific Northwest coasts of the United States. They can also be found in areas of South-East Asia, for example Chek Jawa, a wetland reserve which also features a maritime forest as one of the independent ecosystem.

Flora
High winds, salt spray, and sandy soil provide a harsh environment for plant life. Maritime forests are composed of deciduous, coniferous, and broadleaf evergreens. Trees in maritime forests include the southern sugar maple, swamp dogwood, mockernut hickory, white ash, and the white poplar. Many plants in the maritime forests have a natural waxy coating to protect them from the salt spray. Most of the plants found in maritime forests are evergreens and shrubs.

Fauna
Animals that live in these forests include foxes, deer, rabbits, tree frogs, raccoons, toads, and painted buntings.

Places
Some places where maritime forests can be found are: Bald Head Island (North Carolina), Necochea (Argentina), Jekyll Island (Georgia), and on almost all barrier islands, such as the Currituck Banks Reserve in the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

References

Habitats
Ecosystems

Maritime forest