John Michael Prausnitz (born January 7, 1928) is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, a position he has held since 1955.

Prausnitz is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the thermodynamics of phase equilibria and its application to industrial process design. In 2003, he received the National Medal of Science for his work in molecular thermodynamics. He is responsible for many of the activity coefficient models used for the design of major chemical plants.

Education
Prausnitz was born in Berlin, Germany, on January 7, 1928.  His father and his mother's stepfather were both Jewish doctors. In 1933, when the Nazi Party rescinded the licenses of Jewish doctors, they were able to continue to work because they had been Frontkämpfer, "front fighters," during World War I.

In 1937, at age 9, Prausnitz emigrated with his parents and sister to the United States, where he had an uncle in Lynbrook, New York on Long Island. His father was able to practice medicine because his German medical license was recognized by the State of New York. Prausnitz lived briefly in Lynbrook, then in Manhattan, and Forest Hills, Queens. He attended Public School 101 in New York.

In 1950, Prausnitz earned his B.Ch.E., a five-year degree, from Cornell University.  In 1951, he received his M.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Rochester. He then joined Princeton University as a student of  Richard H. Wilhelm. He was able to spend two summers working at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Prausnitz received his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Princeton University in 1955 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "Liquid-phase turbulent mixing properties."

Career
Prausnitz joined the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley in 1955, attracted by the work of Joel Hildebrand on mixtures and by the opportunity to help shape what was then a young department. Although he officially retired from teaching in the Department of Chemical Engineering in 2004, Prausnitz remains a Faculty Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a Professor of the Graduate School at Berkeley.

Through his work on thermodynamics and phase behavior, Prausnitz has developed the field of molecular thermodynamics, relating macroscopic properties to those of single- and multi-atom molecules. He initiated work on a number of important models for  phase equilibria and the analysis of mixtures of solids, fluids, and gases, including the NRTL, UNIQUAC, and UNIFAC models. He is recognized for his engineering-oriented approach to molecular thermodynamics and its application to industrial process design.

During his career at Berkeley, Prausnitz published hundreds of scientific papers, monographs and books detailing his theoretical and experimental work.
In 2011, the Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data published an issue as a Festschrift in his honor. At that time Prausnitz was credited with having published more than 760 articles, in 134 journals, with 421 different co-authors, from over twenty countries.

Prausnitz was the founding editor of the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, working with it from 2008 to 2018.
His books include  Computer Calculations of Vapor−Liquid Equilibria (1967),  the graduate textbook Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria (1969; 1986; 1999), and later editions of Regular and Related Solutions (1970) and The Properties of Gases and Liquids (1977; 1987; 2001).

Prausnitz was also a supporter of the Leonardo Project, an initiative to connect sciences with society, art, and philosophy, inspired by Jacob Bronowski and The Ascent of Man. The project developed and shared multidisciplinary case studies, primarily for use in undergraduate classes.

Awards
Prausnitz was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1973 and the National Academy of Engineering in 1979 for contributions to the thermodynamics of phase equilibria and its application to industrial process design. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1988.

Prausnitz has been given many awards, from the Colburn Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) in 1962 to the  National Medal of Science for his work in engineering-oriented molecular thermodynamics in 2003.  In 2012, he received the Lifetime Achievement in Chemical Engineering Pedagogical Scholarship, given by the American Society for Engineering Education.

As of 2016, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers renamed the Institute Lecturer Award in his honor as the John M. Prausnitz AIChE Institute Lecturer Award.

References

Living people
1928 births
American chemical engineers
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty
National Medal of Science laureates
Cornell University alumni
University of Rochester alumni
Princeton University alumni
Annual Reviews (publisher) editors
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering

John Prausnitz


Henry Leslie (1580 – 9 April 1661) was a Scotsman who became the Church of Ireland Bishop of Down and Connor from 1635 to 1661 and briefly Bishop of Meath from January to April 1661.

Life
He was the eldest son of James Leslie and his wife, Jean Hamilton of Evandale, born at Leslie, Fife in 1580. The father, apparently a Catholic, was the second surviving son of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes. Henry Leslie was educated at Aberdeen, and went to Ireland in 1614, where he was ordained priest on 8 April 1617. He became prebendary of Connor in 1619, and rector of Muckamore in 1622, in which year he was selected by Primate Christopher Hampton to preach at Drogheda on Whit Sunday  before the royal commissioners. The sermon was printed next year at Hampton's request, as 'a treatise tending to unity'; Leslie had proposed that no one should be allowed to go beyond seas for education, and that no popish schoolmaster should be allowed at home.

Leslie did curate's duty at Drogheda from 1622 to 1626. He preached before Charles I at Windsor on 9 July 1625, and at Oxford the same year; and on 30 October, being then one of his majesty's chaplains in ordinary, he delivered 'a warning to Israel' in Christ Church, Dublin, dedicated to Lord-deputy Falkland. In 1627 Leslie again preached before the king at Woking, and in the same year, he was made Dean of Down. In 1628 he was made precentor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, three other livings being added to the dignity, and in 1632 he became treasurer also, and he seems to have held all these preferments in addition to his deanery.

Leslie was prolocutor of the Lower House of Convocation during the Irish Convocation of 1634, and came into immediate contact with Lord-deputy Wentworth. In Irish church politics, he belonged to the party of John Bramhall rather than to that of James Ussher. Leslie was consecrated bishop of Down and Connor in St. Peter's Church, Drogheda, on 4 October 1635, when he resigned his other preferments, except the prebend of Mullaghbrack in Armagh. During the six years which elapsed between the consecration and the beginning of the great rebellion, Leslie was chiefly engaged in conflicts with the presbyterian Ulster Scots, becoming a member of the high commission court in February 1636. In May he preached at Newtownards on the death of Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery, and in July he held his primary visitation at Lisburn. Five ministers, including Viscount Clandeboye's nephew, James Hamilton, there refused subscription to the new canons. Urged on by Bramhall, he preached at Belfast on 10 August on the text, 'If he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican.' This sermon, in defence of Anglican orders and of kneeling at the communion, was printed in the following year as A Treatise of the Authority of the Church, and dedicated to Wentworth. Leslie says that presbyterianism made most progress among women. On the day after the sermon, a disputation took place between the bishop and Hamilton as spokesman for his brethren. The result was that the five ministers were deposed, the bishop expressing his sorrow at having to proceed so far. Leslie was now regarded as a champion of Laudian episcopacy, and works by John Corbet were attributed to him.

Developments in Scotland gave confidence to presbyterians in Ulster, and on 26 September 1638 Leslie preached at Lisburn against the solemn league and covenant; a Latin version of this sermon, entitled Examen Conjurationis Scoticae, was published by his chaplain, James Portus, in 1639. Along with his namesake, John Leslie, Leslie was one of those who signed the petition resulting in the proclamation of 1639. This imposed the "black oath", by which every Scot, of either sex and of any age over sixteen, might be made to renounce the covenant and to swear unquestioning obedience to all the king's commands. The bishop was active in the proceedings against Robert Adeir of Ballymena, who had subscribed to the covenant as a Scottish laird, and whose Irish estate was confiscated by Wentworth. Leslie found that his communications with Scotland were interrupted, and was isolated; he believed his life to be in danger. A viceregal commission giving him summary power of imprisoning those who refused to appear in his court furnished the ninth article of the impeachment of Strafford (as Wentworth had become). At the beginning of 1640, Leslie was seriously ill and was unable to attend the parliament which met on 16 March; from his sick bed, he wrote a memorandum for Strafford as to the best means of increasing the royal revenues in Ulster. In the following month, Strafford left Ireland, and the system which he had laboriously built up soon began to crumble away.

The Irish Rebellion of 1641 followed, finding Leslie on 23 October 1641 at Lisburn, writing letters to Lord Montgomery for help, as the news came in of the loss of Charlemont and Newry, and the advance of Sir Phelim O'Neill to Tanderagee. Lisburn became the main refuge of the Antrim Protestants, and fifteen hundred men assembled in and around the bishop's house. His sons James and William led royalist companies. North-east Ulster escaped O'Neill only to fall into the hands of the Covenanters, and Leslie lost everything, leaving for England.

He preached at Oxford on the Fast-day 9 February 1644, before a great many members of the House of Commons, and again on 27 March before some peers and many of the lower house. Afterwards, he joined James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, in Dublin. He was one of eight Anglican prelates who, on 2 August 1645, there refused to forgo the power of the keys over Roman Catholics. Ormonde surrendered Dublin to the parliament in 1647, and Leslie went abroad either before or just after the king's execution. In June 1649 he preached at Breda on the royal martyrdom before Charles II and the Princess of Orange; in drawing an elaborate parallel between Charles I and Jesus, Leslie compared presbyterianism and independency to the two thieves between whom Christ was crucified.  The sermon was printed at the Hague and translated into Dutch, and there was an English reprint the following century.

He had an Irish pension of 120l. in 1654 and 1655; the diocese of Meath was vacant, and the exiled hierarchy made attempts to keep all sees nominally filled. Leslie was in Ireland for some time before the Restoration, and preached in 1659 at Hillsborough in his own diocese. The sermon, on praying with the spirit and the understanding, was printed, and the title page describes the preacher as 'maugre all anti-Christian opposition, Bishop of Down and Connor.' There is a prefatory letter by Jeremy Taylor; the sermon itself condemns extempore prayers. He was translated to Meath in January 1661, his friend Taylor succeeding him in Down, but he died in Dublin on 9 April, and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.

Family

Leslie married Jane Swinton of Swinton, Peebles. Their eldest son, Robert Leslie, was successively bishop of Dromore, Raphoe, and Clogher, and died 10 August 1672. James, the second son, was taken prisoner fighting for Charles II at the battle of Worcester; the third son, William, was also a royalist officer. William's grandson was the father of Theodosia Meade, Countess of Clanwilliam; and through his daughter Rose he was the great-great-grandfather of Stephen Moore, 1st Earl Mount Cashell.

His daughter Mary married firstly Robert Echlin of Ardquin and secondly Sir Robert Ward, Baronet, and was the mother of the leading judge and noted book collector Sir Henry Echlin and of  Lieutenant-General Robert Echlin. Another daughter Margaret married General Sir Albert Cunningham.

References

1580 births
1661 deaths
17th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Deans of Down
Bishops of Down and Connor (Church of Ireland)
Anglican bishops of Meath
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
17th-century Anglican bishops in Ireland

Henry Leslie (bishop)


The Remember the Women Institute is an organization that researches and educates about women's contributions and actions in history, especially during the Holocaust. It is based in New York City.

History
Dr. Rochelle G. Saidel created the Remember the Women Institute in 1997 to document the often untold stories of women in the Holocaust. Saidel has stated that the inspiration for the organization came from her grandmothers, as well as from a 1980 visit to Ravensbrück concentration camp. In 2001, the exhibit "Women of Ravensbrück: portraits of courage, art by Julia Terwilliger" was created by the Institute and opened at the Florida Holocaust Museum. It was later shown at several other Holocaust centers in the United States. In 2012, Remember the Women Institute and the USC Shoah Foundation co-sponsored a historic symposium about sexual violence during the Holocaust. That same year, several advisory board members of Remember the Women, as well as executive board members Saidel and Dr. Sonja Hedgepeth, signed a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, urging him to acknowledge sexual violence during the Holocaust. Three years later, the institute launched an online resource handbook for Holocaust education through theater, "Women, Theater, and the Holocaust," edited by Saidel and Karen Shulman. At yearly programs for the several editions of the resource handbook, Professor Meghan Brodie's students from Ursinus College performed the stories of women in the Holocaust for Remember the Women Institute events. The Institute made news in 2018 with the "VIOLATED! Women in Holocaust and Genocide" international art exhibition, which focused on sexual abuse against women during the Holocaust. It was shown at the Ronald Feldman Gallery in New York City. In addition, the Institute has organized its own conferences, and has hosted and participated in panels and workshops at international conferences on the Holocaust and Jewish history throughout the world. In 2020, it co-sponsored the International Conference "Depicting Violated Jewish Women During the Holocaust" at Bar Ilan University in Israel. In addition to the Holocaust, the Institute has studied genocides, conflicts, and domestic violence in Rwanda, Sudan, Srebrenica, Guatemala, and Iraq, as well as domestic violence in those locations. Publications include a catalog for the VIOLATED! Women in Holocaust and Genocide exhibition, edited by Saidel and Dr. Batya Brutin, as well as books co-published with university presses. Among the often forgotten heroic women whose stories have been highlighted by Remember the Women Institute are Haviva Reick, Gemma La Guardia Gluck, Olga Benario Prestes, and Kathe Leichter.

References

External links

Holocaust commemoration
Non-profit organizations based in New York City
501(c)(3) organizations
Women in World War II
Women in Nazi Germany

Remember the Women


Thomas J. Hylton, (Tom Hylton, Thomas Hylton) a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist from Pottstown, Pennsylvania, is the author of a book called Save Our Land, Save Our Towns and host of a public television documentary, .

Born in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, in 1948, Hylton graduated from Kutztown University in 1970
and began working as a staff writer for The Mercury in Pottstown the following year.  He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1990 for Mercury editorials about a bond issue for the preservation of farmland and open space.  He resigned from the newspaper in 1994 to write his book and organize a non-profit dedicated to land use planning and community building in Pennsylvania.

Hylton's book Save Our Land, Save Our Towns: A Plan for Pennsylvania was published in 1995 by RB Books and illustrated with photography by Blair Seitz. It won the National Trust for Historic Preservation award.

References

External links
 http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Editorial-Writing
 Sunday Book Review, Philadelphia Inquirer, Dec. 17, 1995.
 Television documentary review, Pittsburgh Post Gazette, June 17, 2000
 http://www.saveourlandsaveourtowns.org
 The book: https://www.amazon.com/Save-Our-Land-Towns-Pennsylvania/dp/1879441446
 The video: http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/save.html

1948 births
Living people
Writers from Pennsylvania
Kutztown University of Pennsylvania alumni
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing winners

Thomas J. Hylton


The Sabueso Español or Spanish Hound is a scenthound breed with its origin in the far north of Iberian Peninsula. This breed has been used in this mountainous region since hundreds of years ago for all kind of game: wild boar, hare, brown bear, wolf, red deer, fox, roe deer and chamois. It is an exclusive working breed, employed in hunting with firearms.

History

The first description of Iberian scenthounds appears in chapter 39 of Libro de la Montería de Alfonso XI or The Hunting Book of Alfonso XI, a medieval tome of the 14th century for a Castillian king. After that, diverse descriptions of Iberian scenthounds appeared in various Spanish hunting books of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries: two examples include Tratado de la Montería, or A Treatise on Hunting   and Molina's late Renaissance book Discurso de la Montería, or A Discourse on Hunting, written in 1582.

During these centuries Spanish scenthounds of the type that would become the Sabueso  were used mainly in brown bear and wild boar hunting. Also they were very often used to track wounded game by hunters called Ballesteros (because they used crossbows). Of course these hounds have been used since very ancient times in "caza a traílla" (leashed hound-hunting) to know previously of the hunt the resting location of bears, boars and wolves.

When firearms were becoming common in northern Spain and big game populations decreased, hunters diversified their quarry and began directing their hounds to hunt rabbits, called "caza de la liebre a la vuelta", although the hunting of  wild boar and roe deer continued in other areas.

Today big game populations in northern Spain have increased substantially and use of the Spanish scenthound  has been revived, with a fixed standard since 1982, mainly in wild boar hunting, in the traditional type of boar hunting called "caza a traílla".

Appearance

The Spanish Hound is a medium-sized dog, with a body that is longer than it is tall. Its total height should be a maximum of  52–57 cm (20-22 inches) in males,  and  48–53 cm (18-21 inches) in females. It has very long ears similar to other hound breeds bred for tracking scent; the ears when stretched out should reach past the tip of the nose and commonly twirl away from the head in a slight corkscrew. The legs and feet that are compact, but strong, similar to the Beagle. The  eyes should be amber, with a dignified, baleful expression.  The tale should be tapering and whip-like, often with a white splash of fur at the tip. Typically the coat should be smooth, short, and glossy; it should have a white base with any combination of lemon, orange, or red-brown patches painted on it without any mottling or merle patterning, like a Paint Horse. The overall temperament is gentle and easy going, but relentless in tracking and brave when faced with a large animal like a male boar.

Use

The Spanish hound is a scenthound with a great sense of smell; characteristically it is an old type of European hound with a cold nose style of hunting. It has a distinctively loud, booming howl. Hunters can know the different phases of the hunt by listening to the hound: as it hunts, its voice changes from a loud, long bay to choppy short barks, indicating it has found its quarry.  In far northern Spain, they call the short pattern of choppy barks the "latido" or "llatido".

In the South, the hound is primarily used in hunting rabbits, similar to the better known Basset Hound.  Their favorite  traditional method is to let the hare have a head start  so the hound can work the trail until it catches up and wears its prey down, driving it into the path of the hunter. This kind of hunting is called "caza de la liebre a la vuelta" (coming back hare hunting).

In the mountains of Northern Spain, the Sabueso is very often used in wild boar hunting.    Mostly this type of hunting is called "caza a traílla", where the dog leads the hunters on a leash. This type of hunting is very old and traditional, whose origin is lost in ancient times. This kind of hunting consists of looking for the wallowing location of the wild boar during the daylight with the help of a leashed scenthound. The hunter (called "montero") and the scenthound will track the boar until they know the resting location of the wild boar. When this location is certain (because the hunter and scenthound have surrounded the wood and there is not a boar track going out of the wood) some hunters with firearms wait surrounding the wood and some scenthounds are unleashed on the track. They jump the boar and chase it at least until the hunters can shoot it.

This hunting dog possesses a markedly independent character because it has been bred to hunt alone or with one or two more hounds, because of that this breed is not properly a packing breed. They are often found together with griffons in the hunt for wild boar, and were used in the creation of the Griffon Astur-Cantabro, the griffon type that you will most often come across in Spain.

Character
There are many Sabuesos in Spanish shelters, usually with little chance of ever being adopted, because of the misconception that they do not make good family pets; however, they have a very affectionate, calm, amenable character and would do well with an active family in a rural home. The Spanish Hound is first of all a working dog, which thrives in its original role as a hunter; however, its loving and devoted nature makes it a good companion dog. This high spirited dog will be happy to spend time with younger members of its family but it will not  tolerate disrespectful or rough treatment from their part. The Sabueso has a good reputation with other dogs as it was widely used as a small-pack hunter. Canine aggressiveness is fairly uncommon for the Sabuesos. Although they have a high tracking instinct, Sabuesos can live alongside other family pets.

References

FCI breeds
Rare dog breeds
Scent hounds
Dog breeds originating in Cantabria

Sabueso Español


Banksia kingii is an extinct species of tree or shrub in the plant genus Banksia. It is known only from fossil leaves and fruiting "cones" found in Late Pleistocene sediment at Melaleuca Inlet in western Tasmania. These were discovered by Deny King in the workings of his tin mine. The climate was most likely as cool as or cooler than it is at Melaleuca now (an average yearly temperature of 11.5C, an average temperature of the coldest month of 4.5 °C, a mean maximum temperature of the warmest month of 20 °C)
, and possibly wetter, over 2400 mm annually.

The leaves and fruiting cones were discovered at different locations, and since the sediment had been removed during mining, the stratigraphy of the fossils is unknown. The sediment from which they were recovered was alluvial, consisting of large, well-rounded fragments of quartz and schist.

The fossil leaves are about 12 centimetres long and one centimetre wide and very thick and robust. They clearly belong to genus Banksia, section Banksia, series Salicinae, but not to any of the extant species in that series.  The leaves of B. plagiocarpa (Dallachy's Banksia) are similar in form, shape and robustness, but differ strongly in structure. Leaves of B. saxicola (Grampians Banksia) are structurally the most similar to B. kingii, but have a different shape. There also appear to be some affinities with B. marginata (Silver Banksia) and B. canei (Mountain Banksia), but insufficient to warrant the fossil's ascription to those species. The fossils are therefore considered representative of a new species, B. kingii.

The fossil fruiting structures are cylindrical, about 6 centimetres high and 4½ centimetres wide. The structure had lost its old flower parts. It appears to be most closely related to B. saxicola and B. canei, with some similarities to B. marginata. The taxonomic situation therefore appears highly similar for both leaves and fruiting structures, and so the fruiting structures are ascribed to B. kingii despite the absence of any direct connection to the fossil leaves.

The species is believed to represent an extinct lineage. It is possible that it is an ancestor of B. marginata, although B. marginata must have speciated well before the extinction of B. kingii, given how widely it is now distributed.  Extinction of B. kingii probably occurred in the late Quaternary, and may have been caused by the climatic and physical disruption of glaciation, or by increased fire frequency due to human activity.

A formal description of B. kingii was published in 1991 by Gregory J. Jordan and Robert S. Hill, who named the species in honour of the discoverer, Deny King. Hence the species' full name is "Banksia kingii Jordan & Hill". The holotype and a number of other specimens are stored in the Department of Plant Science at the University of Tasmania.

References

kingii
Extinct flora of Australia
Pleistocene plants
Cenozoic Australia
Prehistoric angiosperms

Banksia kingii


André Jorrand (27 November 1921 – 15 December 2007) was a French composer and organist, 1st titular of the Sainte-Croix d'Aubusson church. He was also a magistrate.

Career
Born in Aubusson, Jorrand was a student of Maurice Duruflé, Roland-Manuel (Conservatoire de Paris), Henri Dutilleux (École Normale de Musique de Paris where he obtained his composition and orchestration diplomas) and Arthur Hoérée. In 1978, he established the "Association des Amis de l'orgue d'Aubusson". In 1983, he inaugurated an organ workshop and created the first Aubusson Music Festival in 1988: Musique au cœur de la Tapisserie.

Works
He composed five symphonies, the first three of which had been recorded on CD (), five string quartets, a first concerto for organ (State commission) and a second concerto for organ, strings and timpani, a cantata for baritone, mixed choir and organ (commissioned by Radio France): In Paradisum, which was the subject of another CD recording (Skarbo Edition), as well as several instrumental and chamber music scores. He recorded a cassette of Bach's Chorals on the Aubusson organ.

Jorrand died at age 86 in Belvès (Dordogne) on 15 December 2007. He is buried in Ahun (Creuse).

References

External links
 Detailed biography on Musimem.com
 Le portail de la musique contemporaine
 André Jorrand on Musicalics

20th-century French composers
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
École Normale de Musique de Paris alumni
French classical organists
French male organists
1921 births
People from Dordogne
2007 deaths
20th-century organists
20th-century French male musicians
Male classical organists

André Jorrand