Midnight Radio is the second studio album by Big Head Todd and the Monsters that was released in 1990.

The album was released on the band's own label, Big Records, which released their debut album Another Mayberry. Artwork for the album was created by Chris Mars of The Replacements. Songs from the album, including an earlier version of their hit "Bittersweet", were recorded at live shows, sound checks, and basement jam sessions.

After the success of Sister Sweetly, Warner Bros. Records re-released Midnight Radio in 1994.

Track listing
All songs written by Todd Park Mohr
"Vincent of Jersey" – 1:13
"The Leaving Song" – 4:26
"Dinner with Ivan" – 4:34
"Bittersweet" – 6:14
"The Moose Song" – 6:18
"Cold Blooded" – 1:49
"Soul Children" – 4:35
"Love Betsy" – 6:03
"Midnight Radio" – 6:01
"City on Fire" – 3:42
"Monument in Green" – 7:07
"Ann Arbor Grandfather" – 3:58
"Elvis" – 6:53
"Untitled" – 0:31

Personnel
 Todd Park Mohr – guitar, harmonica, vocals
 Rob Squires – bass guitar, background vocals
 Brian Nevin – drums, percussion, background vocals

Production
 Andy Torri – engineer, producer
 John Burns – producer
 John Burris – engineer, producer
 Chris Mars – artwork

References

1990 albums
Big Head Todd and the Monsters albums

Midnight Radio (Big Head Todd and the Monsters album)


Conte Giuseppe Fede (died 1777) was an Italian nobleman, collector and archaeologist of the 18th century.  As early as 1724 he started to buy up parcels of land on the site of Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli (which had become divided up among a multitude of owners) and excavate on them.  Like his father, he was a collector-excavator who retained some of the sculptures he excavated for himself whilst releasing others onto the antiquarian market.

He had at least four of the sculptures he found restored by Bartolomeo Cavaceppi before 1768, and Cavaceppi included sculptures found by Fede in his Raccolta.

References

Primary sources
Winckelmann, Briefe, Numbers 150, 486, I, 455 (bibl.)
Johann Bernoulli, Sammlung kurzer Reisebeschreibungen und anderer zur Erweiterung der Länder-und Menschenkenntnis dienender Nachrichten (Berlin, Altenburg & Berlin, Leipzig, Berlin & Dessau, 1781-1782), II, 607
Carlo Pietrangeli, Scavi e scoperte di antichita sotto il pontificato di Pio VI (1700), plates 146-148

Secondary sources
Georg Lippold, Die Skulpturen des Vatikanischen Museums (1936), III, 2, pages 107-108, 558 ("dall eridita del Conte Giuseppe Fede...1777")
Friedrich Noack, Das Deutschtum in Rom seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters II, 160, 202 (passage about Giuseppe's father)
 Seymour Howard, 'An Antiquarian Handlist and Beginnings of the Pio-Clementino', Eighteenth-Century Studies (The Johns Hopkins University Press), 1973, p54
Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture 1500-1900 (Yale University Press) 1981

1777 deaths
Italian antiquarians
Italian archaeologists
Italian art collectors
Counts in Italy
Year of birth unknown

Giuseppe Fede


Castle Douglas (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Dhùghlais) is a toun in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is locatit in the lieutenancy aurie o Kirkcoubrieshire, in the eastlin airt o Gallowa, atween the touns o Dawbeattie (Dalbeattie) an Gaithoose o Fleet. It is in the ecclesiastical pairish o Kelton.

History

Castle Douglas is biggit aside Carlinwark Loch that signacles o prehistoric crannogs can be fand in, evidence o early habitation o the pairt. A muckle bronze caudron conteenin aboot 100 metal objects wis fund in Carlinwark Loch near Fir Island aboot 1866. The huird o tuils o airn an bronze is belike Romano-Belgic in oreegin, o the late first or early seicont centuries CE an is belike tae hae been a votive offerin. It is noo in the Naitional Museum o Scotland in Edinburgh. Til the north o the toun Glenlochar is the site o twa successive Roman forts, the first bein biggit durin the invasion o Agricola an the saicont durin the Antonine speal. Thay appear tae hae been for cavalry units an evidence haes been fund that a "vicus" growed up around thaim. Thay wis completely abandont aboot 160 CE.

Nearby Threave Castle wis the seat o the pouerful Black Yerls o Douglas. A smaw collection o cots developit by the shore o Carlinwark Loch that wis a soorce o marl. Thir cots can yet be seen on the wastlin approach tae Castle Douglas an is kent as The Buchan. The development o a militar road throu Gallowa built bi Major William Caulfield passt throu the Carlinwark aurie an impruived the transportation connections in the 18t century.

Mary Queen o Scots is said tradeetional tae hae ludged at the Hoose o Fuffnock on the Crossmickle Road on her jurney tae Port Mary in 1568 efter the Battle o Langside.

Castle Douglas itsel wis foondit in 1792 bi William Douglas that claimt bit haed no close connection wi the auncient Douglases o Threave Castle. He haed made his walth in "American troke" an creatit a planned toun on the shores o Carlinwark Loch. The toun's ootset is sted on the "grid plan" pattren o streets as uised in Edinburgh's New Toun, built aroond the same time. Sir William Douglas creatit a nummer o industries in Castle Douglas, includin haund-wuiven cotton factorys that Cotton Street derived its name frae.

The Torrs Pony-cap an Horns is an Airn Age bronze hornit cap for a pownie fand in Torrs Loch at Castle Douglas in 1812. It wis acquire't by Joseph Frain, FSA Scot., the local antiquarian and scriever that propine't it tae Sir Walter Scott for his collection o antiquities at Abbotsford Hoose. It is noo in the Naitonal Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

The completion of the Dumfries an Gallowa Railwey in 1859 forder impruived the toun's connections, an it suin developit intil a major mercat toun for the surroondin aurie. This is yet true the day, an the hexagonal mercat biggin built in 1900 is constant in uiss. Awtho the railway wis closed in 1965, the A75 trunk road wis developit follaein slent the lines o the oreeginal military road an passes throu Castle Douglas. The mony hottles an inns that derived frae coach staps is a hint o the toun's importance as a stappin place for vaigers.

Castle Douglas Toun Hoose wis built in 1863 til the designs o Dumfries airchitect James Barbour.

The Clock Tour wis built 1834-5 an staunds on the corner o King Street an St Andrews Street, an is a leetit Category C biggin. It wis desgint bi the airchitecht William Forrest Valentine (1855-1957).  The first tour, built bi Sir William Douglas, wis malafoustert bi fire in 1892, as wis a saicont clock tour fowerty year later. A plaque records that in 1935 Henry J Hewat of Paterson, New Jersey, USA donatit the praisent clock til the toun. Capt Hewat wis a native o Castle Douglas that haed lowpit the kintra til the USA in 1863.

The Erse scriever Freeman Wills Crofts set a important scene in his 1930 novelle Sir John Magill's Last Journey at Castle Douglas Railwey Station.

St John the Evangelist Kirk wis built in 1867 bi the London airchitect George Goldie an it is a Category B (S) listed biggin.

The foregane Castle Douglas Pairish Kirk (St Andrew's) wis remodellt by Robert Lorimer in 1900. It wis convertit intil a theatre noo kent as The Fullarton.

The Castle Douglas War Memorial wis designt by Captain Frank Mears an wis unveilt in 1921.

Castle Douglas wis a resettin aurie for Glesga's evacuatit childer durin Warld War 2.

Frae Marich 1943 tae Apryle 1944, the toun wis the steid for the 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery that wis trainin for Operation Overlord, the invasion of occupeed Europe. Thair headquarters wis at Craigroyston, a muckle Victorian hoose near the railwey station. Nissen huts wis biggit at Carlinwark Loch tae hoose the troups while ither billets includit a kirk an a bouls clubhoose.

Sichts an attractions

Castle Douglas Airt Gailerie is an offshoot o the Stewartry Museum at Kirkcoubrie. It wis bequeathe't til the toun by local airtist Ethel Bristowe an appent in 1938. It is an exheebeetion space an uised as sic bi local airtists tae shaw thair warks. Near the centre o the toun is Carlinwark Loch, a loch an SSSI (Site o Speicial Scienteefic Interest), hame tae a rowth o watter-birds.

Nearby staunds Threave Castle, the faimily castle o the Black Douglas line o the Hoose o Douglas. It is on an island in the middle o the River Dee, admeesion includes a short ferry jurney.

Til the wast o the toun an aw is Threave Gairdens that is a National Trust for Scotland aiverel.

Threave Rovers is the local fitbaw team in Castle Douglas, thay play at Meadow Park in the Sooth o Scotland Fitbaw League an thair strip colours is black and white strips.

Castle Douglas hosts an annual Ceevic Week that is the main event o the year. Its uisual format is a week o events aroond the last week o Julie, culminatin on Douglas Day whan a street paraud an carnival in Lochside Park taks place.

Climate

Like the lave o the UK, Castle Douglas haes a climate clessifeed as Oceanic (Köppen: Cfb), resultin in moderate temperaturs, year-roond rainfaw, an windy, aften cloody condeetions. The nearest Met Office wather station is at Threave, about 1.5 mile wast o the toun centre.

Amenities

The toun is uised for common by tourists as a steid for explorin the lave o the aurie. Thare is a campin grund an caravan pairk by Carlinwark Loch an mony hottles.

The main shappin street in Castle Douglas is King Street. It haes a wide range o shaps, includin mony shaps no fund on mony toun heich-streets. Castle Douglas has twa supermercats an a Scotmid convenience store. On King Street an aw is Italian, Chinese, an Indian restaurants, an inns and hottles an aw, servin meals an cairy-oots. Castle Douglas is designatit Scotland's Fuid Toun an blowsts some 50 weygates connectit wi the fuid industry.

Pairkin in the toun is free. Thare is a muckle car pairk at Market Hill at the tap o the toun nixt til the Heart of Galloway Visitors Centre. Thare is free pairkin an aw on mony o the side-streets that lead awa frae the toun centre.

As a Regional Mercat Toun, Castle Douglas accommodates Wallet's Mart, a fermstockin mercat veesitit bi Queen Elizabeth II in Julie 2010.

Thare is several kirks in Castle Douglas, including a Kirk o Scotland, a Bretheren, an Episcopalian St Ninians, the New Life Castle Douglas, an a Elim Pentecostal wan. The Catholic Pairish o St John the Evangelist offers Mass in St Ninian Episcopalian Kirk.

Castle Douglas Hospital wis built in 1897 as a memorial tae Queen Victoria's Diamant Jubilee. It wis designt bi Richard Park o Newton Stewart an appent on 13 October 1899.

The toun is hame til The Fullarton, a theatre appent in 1996 in the biggin o the foregane St Andrew's Kirk. It hosts noo plays an conferences, providin a local pictur theatre an aw.

2329 (Castle Douglas) Sqn Air Training Corps is locatit in the toun an is acteeve within the local community, offerin young fowk atween the ages o 12 an 20 opportuinitys tae flee, tae veesit RAF athort the UK, an tae experience adventurs an aw.

Thare is a leebrary, soumin puil, an bus hub in Market Street.

Castle Douglas Leebrary , situatit on the Market Hill, wis designt bi airchitect George Washington Browne an appent in 1904 wi fondin fae Andrew Carnegie, the Scottish-American industrialist an philanthropist. Asides beuks an a Local History section, it offers a range o services includin internet aiccess. The soumin puil has a fitness suite attacht. The bus hub provides services ootthrou Dumfries an Gallowa, an onwart through Scotland an England.

Namely fowk

 Sir William Douglas, 1t Baronet 1801, (1745-1809), foonder o the burgh o Castle Douglas. Buirit in the Douglas Mausoleum on Kelton Hill leuking ootower the town
 Ted McMinn, born 1962, umwhile perfaisonal fitbawer an commentator, wis born in Castle Douglas
 Robert Burns spent the nicht here at the Carlinwark Inn while on his Galloway Tour. From here he wrate a letter tae Mrs Dunlop in Ayrshire datit 25 Juin 1794 beginin "Here, in a solitary inn, in a solitary village..." Here he wrote an aw his last letter tae Agnes McLehose wi the lines:
Ah ! My ever dearest Clarinda ... ... Here am I set, a solitary hermit,in the solitary room, of a solitary inn with a solitary bottle of wine by me.
 Arthur Smith (rugby union), (1933-1975) Scots rugby player
 The Rt Hon Dr David Clark, Baron Clark o Windermere, born 1939
 Major-General Sir Victor Fortune (1883- 1949)
 Kirsty Wark, jurnalist an telly presenter, born in Dumfries, bade in Castle Douglas in bairnheid afore the faimily flittit back tae Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.
 Samuel Rutherford Crockett (1859-1914) writer o The Raiders an mony ither warks o historical fiction, bade at 24 Cotton Street, Castle Douglas an attendit Cowper's School an aw in Cotton Street.
 James Clerk Maxwell, (1831-1879), Pheesicist and writer  o Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 1873. Maxwell bade at Glenlair, he dee'd in 1879 an is buirit in the kirkyaird at Parton Kirk. His wark influence't Albert Einstein that keepit a frame't photograph o him on his study waw.
 William Stewart MacGeorge, ARSA, RSA, (1862-1931), airtist associatit wi the Kirkcudbright Schuil o airtists. Bade at 120 King Street.
 Stansmore Richmond Leslie Dean Stevenson (1866–1944) wis a Scots airtist kent for her ile pentins. Associatit wi the Kirkcudbright Schuil o airtists.
 Ethel Bristowe (1862-1952) airtist an assyriologist, bequeathe't tae Castle Douglas the airt gailerie at the leebrary on Market Hill.
 Sir John Nairne, 1t Baronet (1861-1945) Chief Cashier o the Baunk o England an a foonding director o the BBC
 Charles Dickens veesitit the antiquarian an writer Joseph Train, FSA Scot, (1779-1852) at his hame Lochvale Cottage an wrate aboot it in his periodical Household Words, no.173 Julie 1853, that appeart efter Train's death.  A marble plaque commemoratin Train an his life an freendship wi Sir Walter Scott can be fund in Castle Douglas Toun Haw.
 Brown Derby (1914–2000) wis a Scots picture and teleevision actor.
 Kay Mander (1915–2013) wis a documentary pictur director an shootin conteenuity speicialist. She spent maist of the lave o her career wirkin in conteenuity on feature picturs sic as From Russia with Love, The Heroes of Telemark, an Fahrenheit 451. In her later years she bade at Castle Douglas.
 Alan Temperley, writer o childer's an young adult fiction includin Harry and the Wrinklies an his rewarkin o tradeetional stories Tales of Galloway.
 David McMath, born 1996 is a Scots sport shuiter. He competit in the men's dooble trap event at the 2018 Commonweel Gemmes, winnin the gowd medal.
 Louisa Ramsey, born 1994 is a Scots Rugby player an ex-perfaisonal muntain biker. She noo plays for Darlington Mowden Park Sharks as ootside centre an is the first Scottish wumman tae score muir nor 10 tries in the Women's Premiership.

2016 Tour o Breetain

The first stage fae Glesga o the 2016 Tour o Breetain endit in Castle Douglas on 4 September. The winner wis Germany's André Greipel (Team Lotto–Soudal). Mark Cavendish that haed been the fauvourite tae win rattle't on the final corner. Cavendish rade awa fae the rattle, that includit Team Sky's Elia Viviani an aw.

2019 Tour o Breetain

The first stage fae Glesga o the 2019 Tour o Breetain that endit in Kirkcoubrie on 7 September passt throu Castle Douglas. The winner o this stage wis the Dutchman Dylan Groenewegen (Team Jumbo–Visma).

References

External links
 http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=218230
 http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB50164
 https://curlie.org/search?q=castle+douglas&stime=92452189 Castle Douglas at Curlie
 https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Castle_Douglas Castle Douglas at Wikivoyage

Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa

Castle Douglas


Amparo Iturbi Báguena (12 March 1898 – 22 April 1969) was a Spanish pianist.

Early career
Amparo Iturbi Báguena was born in Valencia, Spain, one of four children of Ricardo Iturbi (a piano tuner) and Teresa (Baguena) Iturbi.

The younger sister of José Iturbi, she gave her debut concert at age 15 in Barcelona. In 1925, she gave her first important concert outside Spain. She played in Paris, at the Salle Gaveau.

This was followed by dual piano recitals with José, touring Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and England. She accompanied the famous Catalan soprano Maria Barrientos. It was not until 1937 that she first played in the United States. She had one daughter, also named Amparo, by a brief marriage. The younger Amparo led an internationally renowned flamenco troupe and taught dance. Amparo Iturbi was a pioneer of the Spanish piano repertoire in the U.S., until the arrival of Alicia de Larrocha in 1965.

Film career

She had guest roles, playing herself, alongside her brother in the following MGM musicals:

 Two Girls and a Sailor (1944)
 Holiday in Mexico (1946)
 Three Daring Daughters (1948)
 That Midnight Kiss (1949)

She was on the soundtrack of Three Daring Daughters (1948). Ámparo Iturbi appeared in films only long enough to play the piano with her brother. Known for their twin piano-playing, the pair appeared on The Jimmy Durante Show in 1955 and on The Bell Telephone Hour in 1962. There were many recordings released as a duo and singly. A CD, "Celebrated Artistry-Mozart/José & Ámparo Iturbi", was released in 1999.

Damehood
She was named a Dame of the Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic in 1958 in Spain.

Honorary scholarships
At California State University (Fresno), a special scholarship is available in Ámparo Iturbi's name.
José Iturbi established a scholarship fund in memory of his sister, whom he outlived by more than a decade, for music majors, particularly those specializing in piano at Loyola Marymount University.

Piano instructor
Amparo Iturbi gave piano lessons to selected students in the early 1950s from her home in Beverly Hills. Some students regarded her as somewhat "rigorous" due to the trademark Iturbi technique, which required that fingers be positioned at rest as harpsichord-like cocked hammers, waiting to strike down on the keys, touching fingertip only. Maintaining this position and executing a key strike without moving the adjacent fingers was mandatory and it was essential that the muscles and tendons of the forearm be "relaxed" at all times while playing. This near-counterintuitive technique was considered difficult or even painful by some pianists.

Madame Iturbi, as she was fondly called by her students, would sit closely to the piano bench, with her fingers squeezing lightly on the forearm of the pianist, so she could detect any tension in the arm and correct it when needed. This process could in itself bring on tension since Madame Iturbi's reactions could be quite dramatic and startling. Additionally, anything resembling a "flat finger" hand position was strictly forbidden, and relaxing into this ghastly sloppiness would bring on a little swat of the hand as a reminder.

Amparo was a fairly heavy cigarette smoker and would smoke continuously during piano lessons. Her students didn't appear to mind her smoking, however she had the notable habit of allowing the cigarette ash grow to a precarious length before tumbling on her clothes and/or the piano, which could be distracting to some students. Her colorful personality and storytelling made her a delightful and fascinating person to be around.

She had regular piano recitals at her home for the more advanced students and her brother would sometimes attend. Her rate was $25 per hour in the early 1950s, but she showed kindness and generosity to beginner students by offering them her "scholarship" for good achievement, whereby one free lesson was given for each one paid. Her students loved her dearly and some would invite her to dinner at their homes on a regular basis.

Death
Ámparo Iturbi died on 22 April 1969 in Beverly Hills, California, from a brain tumor, aged 71.

References

External links

 Biographical page at joseiturbi.com

Amparo Iturbu biography and discography at Naxos

1898 births
1969 deaths
Spanish classical pianists
Spanish women pianists
Classical piano duos
Musicians from Valencia
Deaths from brain cancer in the United States
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Women classical pianists
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century Spanish musicians
20th-century Spanish women
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
20th-century women pianists

Amparo Iturbi


Lawrence Strother Trimble (August 26, 1825 – August 9, 1904) was a United States congressman from Kentucky, a Kentucky judge, and New Mexican politician and lawyer.

Trimble was born in Fleming County, Kentucky to the farming family of James and Harriet (Triplett) Trimble. He completed preparatory studies and later studied law there, and was admitted to the bar there at the age of 22.  In 1847, he moved to Paducah, opened a law practice and entered politics. He served as a representative in Kentucky's legislature from 1851 to 1853. Trimble was a slave-holder up to the Civil War. He was elected as a judge for the equity and criminal court in the First Judicial District of Kentucky in 1856 and served until 1860. From 1860 until 1865 he was president of the New Orleans & Ohio Railroad Company.

Trimble served three consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1865 to 1870 as a Democrat for the 1st Congressional District of Kentucky. He was one of the 47 representatives who voted against the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1868. In 1870, he failed to receive the Democratic party nomination from his district for congress.

In 1879, Trimble moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he continued the practice of law and again entered politics.  He was the only Democrat elected to the New Mexico Constitutional Convention of 1889 where he represented Bernalillo County and gave the opening address. After the convention he retired to his ranch. Trimble died in Albuquerque, August 9, 1904, and was buried in the Fairview Cemetery off of Yale Boulevard.

Notes

External links

1825 births
1904 deaths
New Mexico Democrats
Members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
Kentucky state court judges
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges

Lawrence S. Trimble


The Jardin St. Martin are located in the Monaco-Ville ward of Monaco. The gardens are made up of a series of paths on the south west face of the Rock of Monaco. They have an estimated area of 11,200 square meters (1.12 hectares). Flora include Aleppo pine trees and yellow agaves in its terraces with medieval fortifications also featuring in the gardens. Archaeological finds in the gardens have been dated to the Holocene era.

François Cogné's bronze statue of Prince Albert I as a sailor stands at the centre of the gardens.

See also
 List of public art in Monaco

References

Gardens in Monaco
Monaco-Ville

St Martin Gardens


System Floors (UK) Ltd v Daniel [1982] ICR 54 is a UK labour law case, concerning the construction of terms in a contract of employment.

Facts
Written particulars mistakenly stated Mr Daniel started a week earlier than he in fact did. He claimed unfair dismissal, and the employer argued he did not satisfy the qualifying period for his claim.<ref>H Collins, K Ewing and A McColgan, Labour Law: Texts, Cases and Materials (Hart 2005) 139</ref>

The Tribunal found that the employer was bound by the statement made in the contract.

Judgment
Browne-Wilkinson J overturned the Tribunal, and held that Mr Daniel did not satisfy the statutory qualifying period for unfair dismissal, and the mistaken statement of the employment contract did not estop the employer. He quoted Turriff Construction Ltd v Bryant (1967) ITR 292, where Lord Parker said 'It is of course quite clear that the statement made pursuant to s.4 of the Act of 1963 is not a contract. It is not even conclusive evidence of the terms of a contract.' This was followed in Parkes Classic Confectionery Ltd v Ashcroft (1973) 8 ITR 43, where the Divisional Court overruled an Industrial Tribunal holding that a contract had been varied, the employer failed to serve particulars and the employer was not entitled to rely on the varied contract. The contract was still variable, despite failure to serve particulars. The effect of a written statement would therefore be persuasive evidence of the contract to a court, but it would not be binding.

See also

UK labour lawRobertson v British Gas Corp [1983] ICR 351, confirmed the statement is just evidence.Kampelmann v Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (1998) C-253/96, [1998] IRLR 333 takes the same approach.

Notes

References
H Collins, K Ewing and A McColgan, Labour Law: Texts, Cases and Materials (Hart 2005)

Employment Appeal Tribunal cases
1982 in United Kingdom case law

System Floors (UK) Ltd v Daniel


The Marquesan Dog or Marquesas Islands Dog is an extinct breed of dog from the Marquesas Islands. Similar to other strains of Polynesian dogs, it was introduced to the Marquesas by the ancestors of the Polynesian people during their migrations. Serving as a tribal totems and religious symbols, they were sometimes consumed as meat although less frequently than in other parts of the Pacific because of their scarcity. These native dogs are thought to have become extinct before the arrival of Europeans, who did not record their presence on the islands. Petroglyphic representations of dogs and the archaeological remains of dog bones and burials are the only evidence that the breed ever existed. Modern dog populations on the island are the descendants of foreign breeds later reintroduced in the 19th century as companions for European settlers.

Linguistic

There are two words in the Marquesan language for dog: peto, used in the Northern Marquesas, and nuhe, used in the Southern Marquesas. The former might have been an English loanword from pet or a Spanish loanword from perro (dog), although pero was an alternative for dog (kurī) in the related Māori language. According to another theory supporting its foreign origin, the name came from a New Haven dog named Pato left on Nuku Hiva by the American sea captain Edmund Fanning from 1798 to 1803. The South Marquesan Nuhe is unique in the Polynesian languages, but may have some connection to wanuhe, the word for dog in the Papuan language of the Brumer Islands. French Catholic missionary René-Ildefonse Dordillon listed two other forms: mohoʻio and mohokio in his 1904 dictionary Grammaire et dictionnaire de la langue des iles Marquises.

History

Little is known about the Marquesan Dog. They were introduced to the Marquesan Islands by the original Polynesian settlers along with domesticated chickens, pigs, and the Polynesian rat. The dog is thought to have become extinct prior to the arrival of Spanish explorers in 1595, although some might have survived beyond this point.
No European accounts were ever written about them. They were thought to be fairly rare and "never numerous in the islands" even before the arrival of Europeans. Unlike in other parts of Polynesia, dogs were not considered an important food source, although they were sometimes eaten as shown by the presence of cut marks on dog bones found in archaeological excavations. Due to their rarity, they were venerated by the Marquesans and were closely associated with the high chiefs and priestly classes.

Many petroglyphs or carved images of dogs were found near religious centers and chiefly residential areas indicating their venerated status and importance in the culture. A survey by American archaeologist Sidsel N. Millerstrom noted that a majority of dog petroglyphs have been found in the valleys of ʻAʻakapa, Haʻatuatua, and Hatiheu on the northern coast of Nuku Hiva, the meʻae Vaikivi on Ua Huka, and the meʻae Iʻipona and Eiaone Valley on Hiva Oa. Their regional distributions possibly reflected the role of dogs as symbols of tribal/clan loyalty and identity in the islands. They were totem animals associated with the Nakiʻi tribe.

Characteristics
Petroglyphs often depict the Marquesan Dog in exaggerated forms. Millerstrom noted that these representations deviated from the typical characteristics of the Polynesian dog and wondered if they were meant to be realistic. She stated:

The Marquesan dogs' images show that the necks and the bodies are exaggerated in length. The tails are long and curved over the back while the ears and muzzle may be pointed, square or rounded. The legs are short and in one case from Hatiheu Valley the paws were pointed in the wrong direction...
The early post-contact dog is white or spotted, small to medium size, with pointed snout and ears, and a long tail. Could the Marquesans of the past have forgotten what the dog looked like or did it matter how they depicted the dog?

Archaeological evidence

Stone carvings
German archaeologist Karl von den Steinen was the first European visitor to observe evidence of ancient dogs in the Marquesas in 1897–98. In his excavation of meʻae Iʻipona, a temple complex near the village of Puamaʻu on the northeastern coast of the island of Hiva Oa, he uncovered several stone tiki including two with zoomorphic (animal shaped) quadruped figures carved on them. During this period, the property and temple site was owned by Reverend James Kekela, a Hawaiian Protestant missionary, who von den Steinen befriended. He also relied on an elderly Marquesan named Pihua, who was the only living person who knew the names of the tiki at the site.

Measuring  high, and  in diameter, the first tiki was a megalithic stone head representing an unknown ʻupoko heʻaka "sacrificial victim". Von den Steinen named it Opferkopf Manuiotaa ("Sacrificial Head Manuiotaa"), after the famous 18th-century Marquesan sculptor Manuiotaʻa from the Nakiʻi tribe, who is believed to have carved both statues and many other tikis on the site. The head bore totem motifs of quadrupeds and little stick figures representing the Marquesans etua (gods) tattooed on each side of its mouth. He was informed that the quadrupeds could  depict either dogs, rats or pigs. However, he concluded they were rats since at the time, dogs were believed to have been introduced by Europeans. He transported the head back to Germany where it is now displayed at the Ethnological Museum of Berlin.

The second statue was named Tiki Makiʻi Tauʻa Pepe after Manuiotaʻa's wife, known as Tauʻa Pepe (the "Butterfly Priestess"); she reportedly died in childbirth with Makiʻi meaning "writhing in agony". There are disagreements if the statue should be set in the reclining position as it was discovered or the prone position as it is currently displayed. It is believed to represent a female in a prone position, head and arms reaching skyward, giving birth, although it has also been interpreted as a female deity bearing the Marquesan people on its back. Images of quadrupeds were carved as bas-reliefs on each side of the square base of this statue. This tiki remained in its original spot and is visible today at the site of Iʻipona. Only one of the dog carvings is discernible now; the other one has weathered away.

In 1956, Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer Thor Heyerdahl later claimed the reliefs on Tiki Makiʻi Tauʻa Pepe were llamas or pumas instead to bolster his theory that Polynesia was settled from South America. Later unidentified writers and rumors have insinuated that Heyerdahl deliberately altered and defaced the images in his process of restoring them.
The modern consensus is that the carvings represent the extinct dog; they do not represent llamas, pumas or rats.

Bones and burials
In 1956, Robert Carl Suggs, with the American Museum of Natural History, led the first stratigraphical excavation of the islands and uncovered many dog bone fragments and one dog burial across a few sites on the island of Nuku Hiva. Between 1964 and 1965, American archaeologist Yosihiko H. Sinoto, with the Bishop Museum, discovered a drilled dog canine used as a pendant, one pre-molar and two dog burials in the sand dunes at Hane on the island of Ua Huka. In 1998, American archaeologist Barry Vladimir Rolett discovered dog bones in all levels of settlement at Hanamiai, on the island of Tahuata, indicating that the breed may have continued to exist on this island until the mid-19th century. Some of these bones had visible cut marks. In 2000, French archaeologist Pascal Sellier discovered three dog skeletons alongside several human burials at Manihina, Ua Huka; one dog was buried in a coffin.

Millerstrom summarized these earlier findings and personally analyzed many of the petroglyphs of dogs left by the prehistoric Polynesians in her 2003 paper "Facts and Fantasies: the Archaeology of the Marquesan Dog". She noted that further research needs to be done on the linguistic evidence tracing the movement of dogs within Oceania, the socio-economic roles of dog in Marquesan and Oceanian cultures, and a study into the morphology of the bones and dog burials found in the Marquesan archaeology sites.

Reintroduction of dogs
Dogs of different breeds were later reintroduced by European settlers and visitors to the Marquesas.
The first European dogs seen were those that accompanied Spanish explorers Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira and Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1595. While they were on Hiva Oa, the Marquesans attempted to steal one of the small dogs on their ships. Anthropologist Katharine Luomala noted that nothing suggested that these dogs were left by the Spanish.
Possibly the first dogs reintroduced were those left by American ships during the early 1800s in the care of early beachcombers, missionaries and settlers who kept them as pets. One of the first reported cases was a New Haven dog named Pato, who had been "found guilty of sheep stealing about the year 1797 and was banished for the above crime". Around 1798, Captain Edmund Fanning left him on Nuku Hiva in the care of British missionary William Pascoe Crook who left him with a local ruler Keattonnue (i.e. King Cato), but on June 8, 1803, another American Captain Brinell recalled Pato and replaced him with two other dogs.
During the Nuku Hiva Campaign of 1813, United States Naval Captain David Porter reported a few dogs on the island and observed the islanders were afraid of the two mastiffs on board his ship.

By the 1890s, English traveler Frederick William Christian noted the ideological conflict over dog meat consumption as island populations increased. He noted how the Marquesans living in the eastern valleys of the island of Hiva Oa had resumed eating baked dog meat "with delight" while the inhabitants of the western valleys "will barely touch [dog meat] even in times of famine". Christian also observed dog being eaten on Tahuata and Fatu Hiva. French artist Paul Gauguin depicted scenes including dogs in the Marquesas in several works while he lived on Hiva Oa. His 1902 painting Le sorcier d'Hiva-Oa ou Le Marquisien à la cape rouge possibly depicts a dog killing the now-extinct Marquesas swamphen (Porphyrio paepae).

In Herman Melville's 1846 semi-fictionalized work, Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life, the narrator Tommo gives an unflattering account of dogs living in the valley of Tai Pī on Nuku Hiva:

I Think I must enlighten the reader a little about the natural history of the valley.

Whence, in the name of Count Buffon and Baron Cuvier, came those dogs that I saw in Typee? Dogs!—Big hairless rats rather; all with smooth, shining, speckled hides—fat sides, and very disagreeable faces. Whence could they have come? That they were not the indigenous production of the region, I am firmly convinced. Indeed they seemed aware of their being interlopers, looking fairly ashamed, and always trying to hide themselves in some dark corner. It was plain enough they did not feel at home in the vale—that they wished themselves well out of it, and back to the ugly country from which they must have come.

Scurvy curs! they were my abhorrence; I should have liked nothing better than to have been the death of every one of them. In fact, on one occasion, I intimated the propriety of a canine crusade to Mehevi; but the benevolent king would not consent to it. He heard me very patiently; but when I had finished, shook his head, and told me, in confidence, that they were "taboo".

See also
Hawaiian Poi Dog
Kurī
List of dog breeds
List of extinct dog breeds
Tahitian Dog

Notes

References

Further reading

Dog as food
Extinct dog breeds
Extinct animals of Oceania
Dogs
Fauna of the Marquesas Islands
Polynesian Dog

Marquesan Dog


Mr Bongo is a British, Brighton based independent record label, independent film and publishing company specialising in world music and art house/world cinema.

History
Founded in 1989, in Berwick Street, London, the label later moved to Lexington Street and then finally to Poland Street, where they additionally operated a hip-hop record shop, specialising in underground and independent hip-hop. The Mr Bongo record label  still exists over 25 years after the first shop opened, and a film label, Mr Bongo Films, was set up in 2004 to release lost classics from around the world.

"Disorient Records' was a sub-label that specialised in dance music from Japan. "Mr Bongo Bass" is a recent sub label of Mr Bongo specialising in global bass music.

The label reissues many albums, including the Incredible Bongo Band's Bongo Rock and the original soundtrack of the iconic Wild Style.

Mr Bongo Films
Mr Bongo Films is the world cinema offshoot imprint of the label that was established in 1989.

Taking in directors such as Glauber Rocha, John Huston, Michelangelo Antonioni, Mikhail Kalatozov, Satyajit Ray, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, Wojciech Has, Orson Welles, and films such as The Saragossa Manuscript; some other releases by Mr Bongo included Mikhail Kalatozov's Soy Cuba, Glauber Rocha's Black God, White Devil and, by Antonioni, L'Avventura.

Discography
:Category:Mr Bongo Records artists

References

External links

British independent record labels
Record labels established in 1989
World music record labels
House music record labels
Folk record labels
Electronic music record labels
Psychedelic trance record labels
Pop record labels
Easy listening record labels
Smooth jazz record labels
Soundtrack record labels
Hip hop record labels
Electronic dance music record labels
Experimental music record labels
Home video companies of the United Kingdom

Mr Bongo Records


The culture of Iran includes the art, language, theater, cinema and music of the country. The culture of Iran has been influenced by many different things, by religion and by its ancient history. The nation has different ethnic groups including Persians, Turks, Arabs, and Kurds.

Art
Iran has one of the oldest and richest art heritages in the world. Iran's arts include many disciplines like literature, music, dance, architecture, painting, pottery, and calligraphy.

Language
Iranians speak many languages in Iran. These languages are from the Iranian, Turkic, and Semitic families.

Literature
The literature of Iran is one of the world's oldest literatures. It is more than 2500 years old.

Culture of Iran


Cycling Weekly is the world's oldest cycling publication. It is both a weekly cycling magazine and a news, features and buying advice website . It is published by Future.  It used to be affectionately referred to by British club cyclists as "The Comic".

History
Cycling Weekly was first published by Edmund Dangerfield as Cycling on 24 January 1891. It briefly became Cycling and Moting in the 19th century when car-driving – "moting" – looked like it would replace cycling. Falling sales during the editorship of H.H. (Harry) England, who took what was considered to be a traditional view of cycling and opposed the reintroduction of massed racing on the roads as proposed by the British League of Racing Cyclists, led to the appearance in the 1950s of a rival weekly called The Bicycle and of a monthly entitled first Coureur and then Sporting Cyclist. Both eventually merged with Cycling.

The title has changed hands on several occasions. It was first published by the Dangerfield Printing Company (1891–1894), then Temple Press (1895–1964), Go Magazine (1964–1967) and Longacre Press (1967–1970) before being published by its next owner IPC Magazines (later known as TI Media) from 1970 to 2020.

The magazine's longest-lasting contribution to the sport was the creation on 4 April 1930 of the British Best All-Rounder (BBAR) competition for individual time triallists, establishing the rider the magazine considered the best against the clock by averaging competitors' speeds over 50 and 100 miles and 12 hours. It offered a trophy to the winner each year and a shield for the winning team.

In 1932 Cycling also introduced the Golden Book of Cycling. Each page honoured a cycling hero. The first was Frank Southall, who had won that year's BBAR competition and signed his page before 7,000 cyclists attending the BBAR prize-giving at the Royal Albert Hall, London. The book has fallen out of fashion in recent years.

Early campaigns
The magazine was aware from the start of the danger it perceived cyclists to be in from the growing number of cars and trams. The magazine did not care for insistence that cyclists display a back light, which it felt moved responsibility for avoiding an accident from the overtaking driver to the cyclist being overtaken. But it had other puzzles to consider, following the prosecution of a cyclist who had hung a Chinese lantern from his machine.

Cycling campaigned against women's racing and refused to publish results and then, in the 1940s, stood out against the British League of Racing Cyclists in its campaign to reintroduce massed racing to open roads. It called the organisation's first race "A hopeless revolt."

The modern magazine
Looking for more sales and advertisers in June 1957, Cycling introduced pages dedicated to mopeds and the magazine changed its name to Cycling & Mopeds. The move accelerated the decline in sales until, under the insistence of a new editor, Alan Gayfer, mopeds were abandoned and the magazine widened its outlook to all forms of racing on the road, on the track, to cyclo-cross and to cycle-touring. Among those taken on by Gayfer and who have remained in cycling journalism are the television commentator Phil Liggett and the author Les Woodland.

Alan Gayfer left Cycling in 1969 to work for the United Press news agency on the other side of Fleet Street, London, where Cycling then had its offices. There he could also report his other love: boxing. He died of a heart attack while cycling in Canada after retirement. Gayfer was succeeded by Ken Evans, whose interest in short-distance time-trialling led to a parallel competition to the British Best All-Rounder: the Campagnolo Trophy for races over 25 miles (40 km). It lasted only two seasons before it was considered not worth the effort and expense. Evans resigned to work with the components wholesaler, Ron Kitching. Evans was replaced by Martin Ayres. He in turn was followed by Andrew Sutcliffe, who had been editor of Cycle Trader. Under Sutcliffe the magazine took on a stronger pictorial content and reporting of domestic cycling, especially where it didn't concern racing, was lessened in favour of coverage of continental racing. Sutcliffe left to help form a company called Cabal Communications, run by other former IPC staff. Cabal introduced a monthly magazine called Procycling as a rival to IPC's own monthly publication, Cycle Sport. Its first editor was William Fotheringham, who had also been on IPC's staff. Sutcliffe's replacement was Robert Garbutt, who was editor until 2015 when current editor Simon Richardson was promoted from deputy editor. Significant members of staff have included Sid Saltmarsh – deputy editor under Alan Gayfer – who worked formerly for the News Chronicle and the BBC and who was reporting the Tour de France when the English rider Tom Simpson died during the race in 1967. Recent columnists have included Tony Bell, and Michael Hutchinson.

The magazine has hosted the work of what are believed to be two of the longest-serving contributors in publishing history. Frank Patterson was an illustrator whose impeccable drawings first appeared in a November issue in 1893.  His last illustration appeared in 1952. Patterson was known for his meticulous treatment of the bicycle, especially the elusive ellipses, and his ability to capture different species of trees. It was said a Patterson Oak could never be mistaken for an Elm. His pen of choice was a Gillott 303. Patterson's length of service was eventually beaten by cartoonist Johnny Helms who had a simple, but unmistakable style. His cartoons were a regular fixture of the magazine from 6 February 1946 until his death in November 2009 and perfectly captured the idiosyncrasies of British club life, especially time trialling, a cyclists domestic life and his infamous cyclist-hating dog.

In 2020, Cycling Weekly owner TI Media was acquired by Future plc, adding a title to Future's cycling division together with CyclingNews.com and former rival Procycling (which Future had reacquired from Immediate Media a year earlier after selling them in 2014). Procycling magazine was closed in early 2022.

Controversy

In September 2017, Cycling Weekly were forced to apologize for a caption on an image in an edition of the magazine that read "token attractive woman" above an image of Hannah Noel, who is a female member of the Hinckley Cycling Race Club which is located in Leicester, England.  The caption was noticed by fellow Hinckley Cycling member Carlos Fandango who tweeted it in a photo along with a request for an apology.

"So my cycling club made it into @cyclingweekly and this happened. I hope @cyclingweekly apologise. Still a lot of equality work to do it."

Hannah took to Facebook and posted;

"I made it into Cycling Weekly, it seems not for my ability as a female cyclist but as a 'token attractive woman' – I'm absolutely gutted and disappointed in the magazine," Noel wrote on Facebook (via the Telegraph)."It's not really the reason I'd want to be in a magazine, it's sexist and derogatory to female cyclists."

Cycling Weekly editor Simon Richardson stated that the caption was an error and blamed a sub-editor for its inclusion. The apology read:

"Unfortunately during the magazine's production process a member of the sub-editing team decided to write an idiotic caption on a photo of one of the female members of the club".

"The caption is neither funny nor representative of the way we feel or approach our work".

"We would like to apologies unreservedly to the rider in the photograph. This appalling lack of judgement by an individual is just that, and not a reflection of the culture in the CW office."

Fandango's tweet and Cycling Weekly's apology prompted hundreds of angry responses, many that blamed a culture of sexism within the sport.

See also

 Cyclingnews.com
 VeloNews

References

External links

1891 establishments in the United Kingdom
Sports magazines published in the United Kingdom
Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Cycling magazines published in the United Kingdom
English-language magazines
Magazines established in 1891
Cycling websites

Cycling Weekly


Concatenation is a simple concept from linguistics, mathematics and computer science. It is a way of making a new word (or string), by joining two (or more) other strings. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball". In most languages if we write  x = "snow" + "ball", then the value of x will be "snowball". But to do the same in SQL we would write "snow"||"ball".

Computer science

Concatenation


The British Rail Class 105 diesel multiple units were built by Cravens Ltd. of Sheffield from 1956 to 1959. The class were built with a side profile identical to British Railways Mark 1 carriage stock, using the same doors and windows.  None were selected for refurbishment. The last passenger car was withdrawn from service in 1988.

105

British Rail Class 105


Tadhg Slattery is a Paralympic swimmer from South Africa competing mainly in category SB5 events. He has cerebral palsy and is deaf.

Slattery competed as part of the South African Paralympic swimming team at six Paralympic games. His first games in 1992 gave him his first Paralympic gold medal in the 100m breaststroke in a world record time, as well as finishing fourth in his heat in the 50m freestyle, eighth in the final of the 50m butterfly, seventh in his heat of both the 100m and 400m freestyle.  In the 1996 Summer Paralympics he finished second in the 100m breaststroke behind Kasper Engel of the Netherlands who set a new world record, he also competed in the 50m freestyle finishing 28th in the heats, 50m butterfly where he finished ninth in the heats just missing the final and finished fourth in the final of the 200m medley. At his third games in 2000 he again won silver in the 100m breaststroke behind Kasper and added a second in the 200m medley behind the new world record set by Sascha Kindred of Great Britain, as well as finishing seventh in the 50m butterfly.  Tadhg won gold again in 2004 Summer Paralympics in the 100m breaststroke, beating his old rival Kasper Engel he also competed in the 200m medley finishing sixth but could not make the final of the 50m butterfly.  His fifth games in 2008 led to his first bronze medal, in his favored 100m breaststroke and finished last in his heat in the 200m individual Medley. And his final sixth games in 2012 led to his fifth place. He is now retired from  international swimming. He is now a full-time swimming coach for disabled people in Johannesburg, South Africa.

References

External links

Paralympic swimmers for South Africa
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for South Africa
Paralympic silver medalists for South Africa
Paralympic bronze medalists for South Africa
South African male swimmers
Living people
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Paralympic medalists in swimming
S7-classified para swimmers
Male breaststroke swimmers
20th-century South African people
21st-century South African people

Tadhg Slattery


The giant antpitta (Grallaria gigantea) is a perching bird species in the antpitta family (Grallariidae).

Rare and somewhat enigmatic, is known only from Colombia and Ecuador. It is presumably a close relative of the similar undulated antpitta, G. squamigera, which occurs to the south of G. gigantea. The giant antpitta has three subspecies, one of which might be extinct.

Description

G. gigantea is, as its name suggests, a huge antpitta. Length ranges from  and weight is up to , which makes it easily the heaviest of all tracheophone suboscine birds – its nearest rival, the chestnut-throated huet-huet, is not known to exceed . Its back, wings, and the stubby tail are dusky olive-brown. The top of the head is pale to medium grey, running down to the neck. The remaining plumage is deep rufous-brown. The throat and breast feathers are black-edged, resulting in a dark barring in these regions. The bill is dark, strong and heavy; the eyes are likewise dark, while the legs and feet are grey.

The song consists of low-pitched fast trills, about 14-21 notes per second. These are maintained several seconds, during which they rise in pitch and become louder. Trills are repeated after a pause of a few to about a dozen seconds, which varies irregularly throughout the length of the song.

The undulated antpitta (G. squamigera) is a bit smaller, with a pale hue to the malar region and a yellower belly. Its song is hard to distinguish, but rather than simply breaking off after a time, it ends with some additional trills, separated by pauses of increasing length.

Ecology
In Colombia, historically the subspecies G. g. lehmanni inhabited both slopes of the Cordillera Central, where specimens were taken in Cauca and  Huila Departments before the mid-20th century, one (in 1941) in what today is Puracé National Natural Park. It has not definitely been relocated there, however. In 1988 and 1989, the species was recorded in La Planada Nature Reserve, Nariño Department, but the taxonomic identity of these birds requires verification.

In Ecuador, the nominate subspecies was formerly more widespread on the eastern slope of the Andes, but in recent times its presence is only confirmed in western Napo Province. Formerly, it was found (and may still be found in protected habitat) in eastern Carchi and Tungurahua Provinces. Subspecies hylodroma occurs on the west slope of the Andes in Pichincha and Cotopaxi Provinces. Two old specimens supposedly of hylodroma are from a site called "El Tambo" that has not been decisively relocated (but probably is in western Cañar Province) and Cerro Castillo in western Pichincha Province; the former is quite some distance away from the species' known range.

Its natural habitats are subtropical to temperate moist montane forests, with hylodroma recorded at 1,200-2,000 m ASL, gigantea from above 2,200 m ASL, and lehmanni from 3,000 m ASL. Occasionally, it frequents cloud forest swamps with abundant understory, pastures and secondary forest; overall however its survival seems to depend on primary forest.

Its food are largely terrestrial invertebrates, though arthropods are apparently not of key importance. Rather, the large Rhinodrilus earthworms may be a staple food. Beetle larvae and slugs have also been recorded as prey.

Little is known about its reproduction. In Pacha Quindi Nature Refuge and Botanical Gardens, an adult G. g. hylodroma was seen feeding a recently fledged young a large earthworm on April 19, 2001.

Status and conservation
With deforestation having claimed much suitable habitat already, the giant antpitta is classified as vulnerable species by the IUCN. Between 2000 and 2004, it had been uplisted to endangered status, as it was feared that habitat destruction was accelerating in the few areas where the birds were known to exist. This turned out less bad than assumed, and the species was downlisted again in 2004. Still, it considered threatened and is known in less than 10 locations (a total of 1,900 square kilometers), with habitat continuing to decline in quality and quantity and some subpopulations on the brink of complete extinction. Also, it is estimated to number less than 2,500 mature birds, with less than 1,000 in any one subpopulation.

The main threats are unsustainable logging, as well as land conversion for agriculture or narcotics plantations. Only in the range of the nominate subspecies does deforestation seem to have declined to levels where the species can be considered relatively secure; elsewhere, it is still extensive and may even threaten protected areas.

Puracé National Natural Park is the most likely site to hold any remaining population of G. g. lehmanni. The La Planada Nature Reserve subpopulation may have recently gone extinct; it was not found anymore in the 1990s. G. g. hylodroma is found in Mindo-Nambillo Protection Forest, Bosque Integral Otonga, Refugio Paz de Aves near Nanegalito, Pacha Quindi Nature Refuge and Botanical Gardens, and the Maquipucuna and Río Guajalito forest reserves. Around these protected areas, deforestation is severe however. The nominate subspecies occurs in the protected forests of Antisana Ecological Reserve and San Isidro Lodge.

Footnotes

References
 BirdLife International (BLI) [2009]: Giant Antpitta Species Factsheet. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
 Freile, Juan F. & Chaves,  Jaime A. (2004): Interesting distributional records and notes on the biology of bird species from a cloud forest reserve in north-west Ecuador. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124 (1): 6–16. PDF fulltext
 Greeney, Harold F. & Nunnery, Tony (2006): Notes on the breeding of north-west Ecuadorian birds. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 126 (1): 38–45. PDF fulltext
 restedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G. P. (2002): Systematic relationships and biogeography of the tracheophone suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (3): 499–512.
 Jones, Andy [2009]: Photostream Refugio Paz de Aves, near Nanegalito, Pichincha, Ecuador at Flickr. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
 Rice, Nathan H. (2005a): Phylogenetic relationships of antpitta genera (Passeriformes: Formicariidae). The Auk 122 (2): 673–683 [English with Spanish abstract].  PDF fulltext
 Rice, Nathan H. (2005b): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae (Passeriformes). The Condor 107 (4): 910–915 [English with Spanish abstract].  PDF fulltext

External links

Giant antpitta videos at IBC.
Image at ADW

giant antpitta
giant antpitta
Birds of the Colombian Andes
Birds of the Ecuadorian Andes
giant antpitta
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Giant antpitta


Hazard symbols are special symbols. They were made to warn people about dangers. Usually they are pictograms. Pictograms are small drawings that show what is happening (or what is going to happen, or what should happen) in a way that is easy to understand.

European hazard symbols
The European Union has made a few symbols that warn of dangers and that should be easy to understand. These are the hazard symbols for chemicals:

The 'n' in Harmful (Xn) stands for the French word nocif (harmful) and the Italian word nocivo (noxious).

Symbols
Safety

Hazard symbol


was a village located in Shimoina District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,250 and a density of 10.87 persons per km². The total area was 206.90 km².

On October 1, 2005, Minamishinano, along with the village of Kami (also from Shimoina District), was merged into the city of Iida.

Dissolved municipalities of Nagano Prefecture
Iida, Nagano

Minamishinano, Nagano


Susan Mosher is an American stage and film actress. She starred as the Female Authority figure in the Vegas run of Hairspray and is best known for portraying Pepper Cole in the show Cashino. She also was in the original cast of the Broadway show SUDS. Mosher is currently performing as the Female Authority Figure in Broadway's run of Hairspray and as an understudy for Velma Von Tussle for Isabel Keating to present.

Mosher appeared in the musical revue Back to Bacharach and David in Los Angeles in April–May 2009.

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American film actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
American stage actresses
21st-century American women

Susan Mosher


Samuel Pond "Sad Sam" Jones (July 26, 1892 – July 6, 1966) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and the Chicago White Sox between 1914 and 1935. Jones batted and threw right-handed. His sharp breaking curveball also earned him the nickname "Horsewhips Sam".

Career
In a 22-year career, Jones compiled a 229–217 record with 1223 strikeouts and a 3.84 ERA in 3,883 innings pitched. Jones signed his first professional contract in 1913, with the Flood Sufferers in Zanesville, Ohio.  After brief stints with two other minor league teams, he made his major league debut with the Indians in 1914. Before the 1916 season, he was sent to Boston in the same trade that brought Tris Speaker to Cleveland.

In 1918, Jones joined the Red Sox starting rotation, ending with a 16–5 mark, a career-best 2.25 ERA, and a league-best .762 winning percentage. His most productive season came in 1921, when he posted career-highs in wins (23), strikeouts (98) and innings (298.2), and led the league in shutouts (5). But his most remembered season may have been 1923 as the ace of the Yankees' staff; he posted a 21–8 record with a 3.63 ERA and led his team to their first World Series title. Jones also no-hit the Philadelphia Athletics 2-0 on September 4 at Shibe Park, in a game in which he did not record a strikeout the entire game. Only two other pitchers (Earl Hamilton and Ken Holtzman) have thrown a no-hitter with no strikeouts. Jones was 2–1 against the New York Giants in that World Series, and his crucial relief work in the final game of the Series clinched the championship for the Yankees. Like most pitchers of his time, Jones relieved as well as started, and his eight saves in 1922 led the league's relief pitchers.

Jones lost a league-high 21 games in 1925. He pitched for the Browns a year later, and was waived to Washington in 1927. With the Senators, Jones regained his form, leading his team's staff with a 17–7 record. He enjoyed his last good season in 1930, ending with a 15–7 mark. After four years of service for the White Sox, Jones retired in 1935 as the oldest active player at the time (42). His 22 consecutive seasons pitching in one league is a major league record shared with Herb Pennock, Early Wynn, Red Ruffing and Steve Carlton.

He was a better than average hitting pitcher in his career, compiling a .197 batting average (245-for-1243) with 151 runs, 6 home runs, 101 RBI and drawing 139 bases on balls.

Sad Sam Jones died in Barnesville, Ohio, at the age of 73.

Quotation
 "Bill McGeehan of the New York Herald-Tribune dubbed him Sad Sam because, to him, Jones looked downcast on the field. Jones told Lawrence Ritter that the reason he looked downcast was because, 'I would always wear my cap down real low over my eyes. And the sportswriters were more used to fellows like Waite Hoyt, who'd always wear their caps way up so they wouldn't miss any pretty girls'." – Ed Walton, at Baseball Library

See also

 List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders
 List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
 The Glory of Their Times, 1966 book

References

External links

1892 births
1966 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
New York Yankees players
St. Louis Browns players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Major League Baseball right fielders
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Ohio
People from Woodsfield, Ohio
Minor league baseball managers
Zanesville Flood Sufferers players
Cleveland Bearcats players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
People from Barnesville, Ohio
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
American expatriate baseball players in Nicaragua
American expatriate baseball players in Panama
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Portsmouth Cobblers players

Sad Sam Jones


Vihreäsaari is an uninhabited island and a neighbourhood in the Tuira area in the city of Oulu, Finland. It is separated from the Hietasaari island by the Johteensalmi strait.

Most of the area of the district is used by the facilities of the Port of Oulu. The Vihreäsaari harbour is the most important oil dock in the city.

References

External links

Districts of Oulu
Islands of Finland
Uninhabited islands of Finland

Vihreäsaari


Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 3 in G major, Hoboken I/3, is believed to have been written between 1760 and 1762.

It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, strings and continuo. It was one of the earliest symphonies to have four movements:

Allegro,
Andante moderato in G minor,
Minuet and Trio,
Allegro,

The winds are not used in the slow movement, but the trio of the minuet shows "the first emergence of winds from their earlier rôle ... in the earliest divertimenti for winds and strings."

The Minuet is a canon between the higher and lower voices at the distance of one bar. Haydn would later write a similar canon in the minuet of his twenty-third symphony and similar canons would be later be written into G major minuets by Michael Haydn and Mozart. Later still, Haydn himself would develop this technique into the "Canones in Diapason" of the minuet of his Trauer Symphony and the "Witches' Minuet" of his D minor string quartet from Op. 76.

The Finale is also contrapuntal. It is a fugue with two subjects that also integrates elements of sonata form.

References

Symphony 003
Compositions in G major

Symphony No. 3 (Haydn)


The pan configuration language allows the definition of machine configuration information and an associated
schema with a simple, human-accessible syntax. A pan language compiler transforms the configuration
information contained within a set of pan templates to a machine-friendly XML or JSON format.

The pan language is used within the Quattor toolkit to define the desired configuration for one or
more machines. The language is primarily a declarative language where elements in a hierarchical
tree are set to particular values. The pan syntax is human-friendly and fairly simple, yet allows system
administrators to simultaneously set configuration values, define an overall configuration schema, and
validate the final configuration against the schema.

Implementation
The compiler panc serves as the de facto reference implementation of the language and is implemented in Java, though at present it is not possible to execute the compiler with OpenJDK.

A configuration is defined by a set of files, called templates, written in the pan language.
These templates define simultaneously the configuration parameters, the configuration schema, and
validation functions. Each template is named and is contained in a file having the same name.
The syntax of a template file is simple:
[ object | declaration | unique | structure ] template template-name;
[ statement … ]
These files may contain comments that start with the hash sign ('#') and terminate with the next new line
or end of file.

Types
There are five primitive, atomic types in the pan language:
 boolean
 long
 double
 string
 link

There are two primitive collection types:
 list (an ordered list/array of elements)
 nlist (Named list associates a string key with a value, similar to hashes, dictionaries or associative arrays)

Users can create new types built up from the primitive types with optional validation functions to enforce specific constraints for particular fields.

Template types
There are five different types of templates that are identified by the template modifier:

Ordinary templates
An ordinary template uses no template modifier in the declaration. These templates may contain any
pan statement, but statements must operate only on absolute paths.

Object templates
Object templates can be thought of as the root of each generated XML configuration profile. The pan compiler will generate an XML profile for each processed object template. In all other respects, they are the same as ordinary templates.

Declaration templates
These templates may contain only those pan statements that do not modify the machine profile.
A declaration template will only be executed once for each processed object template no matter how many times it is included.

Unique templates
A template defined with the unique modifier behaves like an ordinary template except that it will only be included once for each processed object template.

Structure templates
Structure templates are a convenient alternative for creating nlists and are used via the create function.
A template declared with the structure modifier may only contain include statements and assignment statements that operate on relative paths. Any include statements may only reference other structure templates.

External links
 pan configuration language compiler
 pan language compiler documentation
 Old pan documentation and compiler files

Cross-platform free software
Declarative programming languages

Pan (programming language)


Banksia canei, commonly known as the mountain banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to  southeastern Australia. It is generally encountered as a many-branched shrub that grows up to  high, with narrow leaves and the yellow inflorescences (flower spikes) appearing from late summer to early winter. The old flowers fall off the spikes and up to 150 finely furred follicles develop, which remain closed until burnt in a bushfire. Each follicle bears two winged seeds. Response to fire is poorly known, although it is thought to regenerate by seed. Birds such as the yellow-tufted honeyeater and various insects forage among the flower spikes. It is frost tolerant in cultivation, but copes less well with aridity or humidity and is often short-lived in gardens. One cultivar, Banksia 'Celia Rosser', was registered in 1978, but has subsequently vanished.

Although no subspecies are recognised, four topodemes (geographically isolated populations) have been described, as there is significant variation in the shape of both adult and juvenile leaves between populations. Although superficially resembling  B. marginata, it is more closely related to another subalpine species,  B. saxicola.

Description
Banksia canei grows as a woody shrub to  in height, usually with many branches. Its bark is smooth with horizontal lenticels, initially reddish-brown before fading to grey tones. The stiff leaves are arranged alternately along the stems and show significant variation in shape and size. Adult leaves are linear or narrowly obovate in shape, and generally measure , though some populations have leaves as short as  or as long as . The juvenile leaves are generally larger and wider with dentate margins. New growth is seen mainly from February to April. The complex flower spikes, known as inflorescences, appear between December and May, peaking over February to April.  They arise from nodes of 1–3-year-old branchlets or can be terminal. Cylindrical in shape, they are composed of a central woody spike, from which a large number of compact floral units arise perpendicularly to it. They are generally  high and  wide, but some do reach  high. Mauve-tinted in bud, they generally open to become pale yellow in colour. As with most banksias, anthesis is acropetal; the opening of the individual buds proceeds up the flower spike from the base to the top. The flower limbs may be pale grey or blue-tinged, while the styles are yellow. As the inflorescences age, the old flowers fall away, leaving a naked spike. Up to 150 follicles develop, each covered in short fine fur which is initially pale brown but fades to green-grey and partly wears away. More or less elliptic in shape, they measure  long,  high, and  wide, and mostly remain closed until burnt by fire, although a few may open after several years. They contain two fertile seeds each, between which lies a woody dark brown separator of similar shape to the seeds. Measuring  in length, the seed is obovate and composed of a dark brown -wide membranous 'wing' and crescent-shaped (lunate) seed proper which measures  long by  wide. The seed surface can be smooth or covered in tiny ridges, and often glistens. The resulting seedling first grows two obovate cotyledon leaves, which may remain for several months as several more leaves appear.

Taxonomy
Banksia canei was first described in 1967 by James H. Willis, who had collected it on 27 November 1962 along the Mt. Seldom Seen track in the vicinity of Wulgulmerang, Victoria. Earlier collections include a specimen Ferdinand von Mueller had collected near Omeo in 1853, and one found by Richard Hind Cambage in 1908 near Kydra Peak. However, neither botanist considered this to be a new species at the time, instead holding it to be an unusual mountain form of the locally widespread B. marginata. Willis named the species after Victorian plantsman Bill Cane who had alerted authorities to the existence of an unusual banksia that was distinct from B. marginata some years previously. At the time, a plant collected from Mount Fulton near Port Davey in South West Tasmania was thought to be B. canei, but it was later reassessed as B. marginata. B. canei can be distinguished by its larger follicles and sharp points to the leaves. In his 1981 monograph of the genus Banksia, Alex George noted that despite a superficial resemblance to B. marginata, its bare old cones and stouter foliage indicated a closer relationship to B. integrifolia and  B. saxicola, although it lacks the latter species' whorled leaf arrangement. A fossil species, B. kingii from the late Pleistocene of Melaleuca Inlet in southwestern Tasmania, has robust foliage and infructescence resembling those of B. canei and B. saxicola, and appears to be a recently extinct relative. The leaf of a much older fossil species Banksieaephyllum acuminatum from Oligocene deposits in the Latrobe Valley closely resembles B. canei in shape, anatomy and vein pattern.

The current taxonomic arrangement of the genus Banksia is based on botanist Alex George's 1999 monograph for the Flora of Australia book series. In this arrangement, B. canei is placed in Banksia subgenus Banksia, because its inflorescences take the form of Banksia's characteristic flower spikes; section Banksia because of its straight styles; and series Salicinae because its inflorescences are cylindrical. Kevin Thiele placed it in a subseries Integrifoliae, where he found strong support for it and B. saxicola to be each other's closest relative. The two were a sister group (i.e. next closest relative) to the four then-recognised subspecies of B. integrifolia. The subseries all bear whorled leaves apart from B. canei and B. aquilonia. However, this subgrouping of the Salicinae was not supported by George. He did place the two subalpine taxa (B. canei and B. saxicola) at the end of the sequence as he thought they were the most recently evolved species, since he considered the group to have a tropical origin and B. dentata to be the oldest lineage.

B. canei's placement within Banksia may be summarised as follows:
Genus Banksia
Subgenus Isostylis
Subgenus Banksia
Section Oncostylis
Section Coccinea
Section Banksia
Series Grandes
Series Banksia
Series Crocinae
Series Prostratae
Series Cyrtostylis
Series Tetragonae
Series Bauerinae
Series Quercinae
Series Salicinae
B. dentata – B. aquilonia – B. integrifolia – B. plagiocarpa – B. oblongifolia – B. robur – B. conferta – B. paludosa –  B. marginata – B. canei – B. saxicola

Since 1998, American botanist Austin Mast and co-authors have been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae, which then comprised genera Banksia and Dryandra. Their analyses suggest a phylogeny that differs greatly from George's taxonomic arrangement. Banksia canei resolves as an early offshoot within the series Salicinae. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele rearranged the genus Banksia by merging Dryandra into it, and published B. subg. Spathulatae for the taxa having spoon-shaped cotyledons; thus B. subg. Banksia was redefined as encompassing taxa lacking spoon-shaped cotyledons. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. canei is placed in B. subg. Spathulatae.

Distribution and habitat

Several disjunct populations of Banksia canei have been recorded across alpine areas of southeastern Australia, generally at altitudes of  in northeastern Victoria and southeastern New South Wales. One outlier at a lower altitude has been found on land partly cleared for agriculture at  elevation at Yowrie. The species is listed as "Rare in Victoria" on the Department of Sustainability and Environment's Advisory List of Rare Or Threatened Plants In Victoria. In a 1978 paper reviewing the species, Alf Salkin coined the term topodeme to indicate a geographically isolated population of plants, derived from the Ancient Greek words topos "place" and deme "people" or "county (population)". Salkin described four populations (topodemes), each found in granite-based rocky soils in subalpine regions, and isolated from one another by wide river valleys. They would have occupied lower altitudes at cooler geological periods and higher altitudes in warmer times. Each of the main four populations varies from the others in their leaf morphology. Salkin observed that as the habitat and environment was similar across the range, the differences were secondary to genetic drift, as certain traits have begun to dominate over others by chance as the populations begin to diverge genetically.

Most populations are located south or east of the Great Dividing Range, the exception being the Snowy Mountains population. The Kybean Range population is contiguous, while the others are fragmented. From west to east the populations are:
 The Wellington River form, in the Snowy Range from Mount Howitt southwards to an area between the Moroka and Barkly Rivers. The Wonnangatta Mitchell system separates this form from the Wulgulmerang form to the east. The margins of the adult leaves are prominently dentate (toothed), much more so than other forms which may have occasional 'teeth' here and there. The flower has a distinctive blue-grey limb.
 The Snowy Mountains form, found to the north of the Snowy Mountains and west of the Australian Capital Territory, Talbingo and Corryong in the Bogong Peaks. This is separated by the Murray River to the south. This form has the smallest infructescences, measuring  high and  wide. The adult leaves are  long, while the flowers are small, with perianths only  long. Like those of the Wellington River form, the flower limbs are blue-grey.
 The Wulgulmerang form, located to the north and east of Omeo, to Wulgulmerang and the Little River. The flower limb is a more yellow-brown and the infructescences resemble those of B. marginata. It is found among granite rocks in association with the candlebark (Eucalyptus rubida).
 The Kybean Range form, in southeastern New South Wales – located in the Kybean Range and Tuross River east of Cooma. The Snowy River separates this form from the Wulgulmerang form to the west. This form has the largest flower spikes and infructescences, measuring up to  high and  wide. It has very short adult leaves, yet wide juvenile leaves that resemble Banksia integrifolia.

There is one report of naturalisation in Western Australia, near Jerramungup, on a road verge.

Ecology
Banksia flower spikes are important sources of nectar for mammals, insects and birds, particularly honeyeaters. Animals recorded foraging among the flower spikes of B. canei include the yellow-tufted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops), bees, wasps and ants.

Banksia canei lacks a lignotuber and appears to regenerate from bushfire by seed, although its response to fire has been little studied. The follicles remain closed until burnt, although some do open spontaneously after five years or so. The fungus Banksiamyces toomansis, of the order Helotiales, infects older cones and seed, and hence seed older than about five years is often not viable. Plectronidium australiense is a species of anamorphic fungus that was recovered from a dead branch of B. canei at Healesville Sanctuary and described in 1986.

Use in horticulture
Banksia canei is somewhat slow-growing in cultivation, and takes around five to seven years to flower from seed. Its furry-follicled fruiting cones are attractive, although generally obscured by foliage. Although grown successfully in England and tolerant of temperatures to , Banksia canei has a reputation of being difficult to keep alive in Australian gardens. Plants often grow well as seedlings in pots, but perish once planted in the ground. The species is tolerant to frost, but not to aridity or possibly more humid conditions. The species prefers a sunny aspect and fair drainage. It has been grown in inland New South Wales on the Southern Tablelands and Rylstone. Banksia canei seed requires stratificationstoring at  for 60 daysbefore it germinates, which takes a further 6 to 25 days. Salkin proposed this was necessary so that seed released in a summer or autumn bushfire would lie dormant over the winter months before germinating in the spring. Banksia saxicola and some Banksia marginata seeds of subalpine provenance also share this trait.

In 1975, as part of a study on the four populations of B. canei, Salkin carried out germination experiments, producing around a thousand seedlings. In January that year, two seedlings from the Wulgulmerang population displayed deeply lobed (pinnatisect) leaves and a prostrate habit. One died, but in April two seedlings from the Wellington River seed appeared which bore the same appearance. Both these younger seedlings died, but the one older plant survived. It was propagated and registered as a cultivar Banksia 'Celia Rosser'  on 28 May 1978, named in honour of Celia Rosser, an artist who has illustrated many banksias. It produced flower spikes  high and  wide, which made up for their small size by their abundance. Salkin felt its importance lay not in its horticultural potential but in its appearance in two geographically distant populations. He felt it represented the reappearance of an earlier (possibly ancestral) form, representing "allelomorphs all but lost". However, the cultivar has since vanished.

References

Cited text
 Salkin, Abraham Isaac (Alf) (1979). "Variation in Banksia in Eastern Australia". (MSc thesis). Clayton, Victoria: Monash University.

External links

canei
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Victoria (state)
Plants described in 1967

Banksia canei


Harrison Donald Seaman Haverbeck or H.D.S. Haverbeck, FRPSL, RDP (October 9, 1913 – September 26, 1986 New York), was a noted philatelist and philatelic journalist, whose  interests centered on India and Indian states, Tibet and Nepal.

From 1948 to 1986 he served on the editorial board of the New York publication, Collectors Club Philatelist, and succeeded Henry Goodkind as editor in 1970. He wrote extensively in the journal, and served the Collectors Club of New York in many other offices. It awarded him its Lichtenstein medal in 1966.

Haverbeck served on the Expert Committee of the Philatelic Foundation.

Haverbeck wrote valuable handbooks for the guidance of collectors and specialists.  A definitive article on the Scinde Dawk appeared in 1965.  Later, a series of Haverbeck's brief articles about the postage stamps and postal history of the various feudatory states of India appeared in Collectors Club Philatelist.

Haverbeck received the Alfred F. Lichtenstein Memorial Award for Distinguished Service to Philately from Collectors Club of New York in 1966 and signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1970.  He was inducted into the American Philatelic Society's Hall of Fame in 1987.

Works
 The Postage Stamps and Postal History of Tibet, New York, Collectors Club (1952)
The Postage Stamps of Nepal. New York: The Collectors Club, 1952. (With E.A. Smythies and L.E. Dawson)
 The Commemorative Stamps of the British Commonwealth, London, Faber and Faber (1955)
 "The Handstamped Overprints of Pakistan" (1963)
 "The Sind District Dawk", The Collectors Club Philatelist, v. 44 no. 2 (March, 1965) pp. 79–85.
 "The Stamps of the Native States of India". The Collectors Club Philatelist, v. 54 no. 1, pp. 23–4.

Literature
 The Harrison D. S. Haverbeck Gold Medal Collection of Indian Native States, New York, H. R. Harmer (1973) Sales 2145 to 2149.

References

Haverbeck, H.D.S.
1986 deaths
1913 births
Fellows of the Royal Philatelic Society London
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists

H. D. S. Haverbeck


Bulungu is a community in the Kwilu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The town lies on the southwestern bank of the Kwilu River, downstream from Kikwit. Bulungu is the headquarters of the Bulungu Territory.
As of 2012 the population was estimated to be 57,168.

Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw).

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References

Populated places in Kwilu Province
Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Bulungu, Kwilu


"An Old Manuscript" (German: "Ein altes Blatt"), alternatively translated as "An Old Leaf", is a short story by Franz Kafka. It was written in 1919 and published in the collection Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor).

Plot summary
The story begins as a shoemaker begins to open his shop at daybreak. He notices that a large group of nomads from the North have filled the town square. The nomads show no signs of culture, and soon transform the city into "a veritable sty". They show no respect for the townspeople and take everything they want from the stores without making any sort of payment. The Emperor appears at one of the palace windows and looks on as the nomads take control of the city, but he is unable to do anything. The shoemaker concludes: "The salvation of our fatherland is left to us craftmen and tradespeople, but we are not equal to such a task, nor indeed have we ever claimed to be capable of it. This is a misunderstanding, and it is proving the ruin of us."

External links

Short stories by Franz Kafka
1919 short stories
Fiction about shoemakers

An Old Manuscript


The Berendei or Berindei (Romanian: Berindei; Ukrainian: Берендеї, Berendeyi; Russian: берендеи, berendei, перендеи, perendei, перендичи; in Hungarian: berendek; in Polish: Berendejowie) were a medieval Turkic tribe, most likely of Kipchak origin. They were part of the tribal confederation of the "peak caps" or the "black hats" (the Chorni Klobuky, in Turkic karakalpak).

Origins
The Berindeis were semi-nomadic and have been documented as holding various military positions, such as that of "frontier guards" on the payroll of Rus' lords. The Berindeis are mentioned in the chronicles of the Kievan Rus' in the 11th and 12th centuries as "Chornye Klobuki" and, together with the Pechenegs and Uzs, became settled along the borders of the Russian steppes. Some rebel Berindei tribes took refuge in territories which are part of today's Romania. Most of the Berindeis remained on the territories of the Kiev and Pereyaslavl principalities, where they functioned as cavalry troops in the region of the lower Dnieper river.

Assimilation
During the 12th century the Berindeis were assimilated, maintaining however their own military aristocracy. The Berindei nobility were accepted by the elite of the Kievan Rus' state, and towns created by them started to flourish. The Berindei cavalry continued to remain active against the raids undertaken by the Cumans.
Over the course of the 12th century, the Berendeis became assimilated and their state evolved into a feudal principality with its own military aristocracy. Berendei nobles were accepted by the elite of Kievan Rus' on equal terms. Berendei cities and towns emerged. Rus' princes continued to hire Berendei cavalry to defend against Cumans, and also in their civil wars. In 1177, a Cuman-Kipchak army, allied with Ryazan, sacked six cities belonging to the Berendei and Torkil.

After the great Mongol invasion of 1241, some Berindeis moved to Bulgaria and others joined those who had taken refuge in Hungary. The rest of the tribes mixed with the nomad population of the Golden Horde, after which they cease being mentioned by the Berindei tribe name by the historians of the time.

Placename connections
Some of Turkic placenames in south of Kyiv Oblast and in Cherkasy Oblast, namely Kaharlyk, Karapyshi, Tahancha, Koshmak, are believed to be connected to the Berendei. So is name of the city of Berdychiv in southern part of Zhytomyr Oblast, literally of "Berendychi".

Also there is a village called Berendi in the Serik town of the Antalya province in Turkey, the people of this village are known as settled people "coz"; it is one of the oldest villages in the area. Probably they are the descendants of Muslim Pechenegs coz, since they are not called by the name of the nomad cuz people Oghuz Turks (Yörüks).

There are two villages called Berende in Bulgaria which name according to the linguist Anna Choleva–Dimitrova stems from the tribe of the Berendei.

Berendei names in Romania
On the territory of today's Romania, the Berindeis are documented in Teleorman County, around the town of Roșiorii de Vede, together with the Pechenegs, Uzs, and Cumans. In Olt County there is a Berindei village. Berindei (occasionally spelled Berindey) as a family name has survived in the name of several noted Romanian personalities, such as the architects Ion. D. Berindey and Dimitrie I. Berindey and the general Anton Berindei, born in Roșiorii de Vede; the architects Ion (Johny) Berindei and Ion Berindei, the historians Dan Berindei and Mihnea Berindei; the jazz musicians Emil Berindey, Mihai Berindei, and Ștefan Berindei. During the communist regime in Romania (1945–1989), many Berindeis have emigrated to Europe and the United States.

References

Turkic peoples of Europe
Extinct Turkic peoples

Berendei


John Ewbank (born 6 December 1968) is a British-born Dutch composer, lyricist and record producer. He was born in Eastleigh, Hampshire to a British father and a Dutch mother, and moved with his mother to the Netherlands when he was one year old.

He wrote/produced a record number of twenty #1 Dutch Top 40 hit singles, of which fourteen were for Marco Borsato, for whom he has been producing and writing since 1994. They sold over four million albums together in the Benelux. Other artists Ewbank worked with include Ferry Corsten, Trijntje Oosterhuis, VanVelzen, Esmée Denters, Gordon, Paul de Leeuw, Rob de Nijs, Nikki Kerkhof, Hero, Maud Mulder, and Tim Immers.

The first #1 in 1991 with Gordon, "Kon ik maar even bij je zijn" ("If only I could be with you for a short while"), a song which reached the #1 position for the second time in October 2009, when covered by Thomas Berge. In 1996, Ewbank composed the anthem for the opening of the Amsterdam Arena. His music is featured in Quentin Tarantino's True Romance. He composed scores for the films  with Charlotte Rampling and for Floris. In 2002, Ewbank worked with Ferry Corsten on Corsten's latest production under his 'Gouryella' alias, "Ligaya". He also wrote and produced the #1 hit for the Dutch Idols winner Nikki in 2008 ("Hello World").

He also musically directed the 'Symfonica in Rosso' spectacle in September 2009 featuring Lionel Richie, for which he wrote the duet "Face in the Crowd" for Richie and Trijntje Oosterhuis, which went to #3 in the charts and was musical director for the sequel in 2010 with Diana Ross.

In April 2013 he was commissioned to compose the official song for the investiture of king Willem-Alexander. The song was released on 19 April, causing much controversy and Ewbank decided to withdraw it due to threats and allegations in the social media. A couple of days later, however, the committee plead against the withdrawal of the song. The song went to #1 in all the charts.

He has worked on two musicals, the musical version of Carmen under direction of Cirque de Soleil's Franco Dragone, workshopped in La Jolla Playhouse, San Diego, in June 2007 and a new musical @16, scheduled for presentation in May 2013 in NY, both written with Sarah Miles and AnnMarie Milazzo, produced by Robin Delevita.

Among his latest work is a remix of This Is What It Feels Like by Armin van Buuren - featuring Trevor Guthrie, entering the British charts at #6 in May 2013.

References

External links

1968 births
Dutch composers
Dutch people of English descent
Dutch record producers
Dutch male songwriters
Dutch songwriters
Living people
People from Eastleigh
Musicians from Hampshire

John Ewbank (composer)


James C. Sly (August 8, 1807 – August 31, 1864) was a Mormon pioneer, member of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican–American War, scout for early west trails used during the California gold rush, journal keeper in 1848 and 1849, early US western settler of several communities, and Mormon missionary to Canada.

Service in the Mormon Battalion
In 1848, several men who had served in the Mormon Battalion were still working in California, waiting to proceed to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake as soon as a pass should open. According to a previous arrangement a company of eight people started May 1, 1848, Sgt. David Brewett being elected Captain, to pioneer, if possible, a wagon road of the Sierra, Nevada mountains eastward. At that time the Truckee route was still impassable.

This company consisted of David Brewett, Captain Ira J. Willis, James C. Sly, Israel Evens, Jacob G. Truman, Esra Allen, J. R. Allred, Henderson Cox and Robert Pixton.

Three days' travel brought the group to Iron Hill where the deep snow made further travel impossible. One man's donkey was completely buried in the snow except his ears.  The group climbed to the top of the mountain, where they could see only snow-capped mountains ahead. They decided to postpone the enterprise until later in the season. So far as they could judge, a wagon road would at least be possible and perhaps a success. One day's travel took them back from snow to a warm spring atmosphere where flowers bloomed and vegetation was far advanced.

On May 1, 1848, several men from the battalion, and others from Sacramento Valley subscribed $512.00 and bought two brass cannons from Captain John A. Sutter, to be taken to Great Salt Lake for the benefit of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

The group departed for the Great Basin on July 2, 1848. The historical record states:
By July 2 the company was again on the march. Two days' travel from Pleasant Valley, that is about fifty miles east of Sutter's Fort, brought them to Sly's Park, a small valley or mountain dell, thus named for Captain JAMES C. SLY, who first discovered it. … Four days' travel over rough and rugged mountains took them across the summit, and they found themselves safely landed at the head of Carson Valley, Nevada.

Later life
Sly married Susannah Gustin on March 25, 1849 in Great Salt Lake City. He was wounded outside Fort Levan early in the Utah Black Hawk War. He died in 1864 in Chicken Creek, Juab, Utah. He was buried in Chicken Creek, Juab County, Utah.

Notes

References
  James C. Sly Diary; SLC Archives and old church records
 Thomas Gustin bible. J.C.S. buried in Chicken Creek, but town is gone and the area is covered in farms. Grave unknown... Nephi, Utah records
 James C. Sly married Mary Bassett March 25, 1829, Manchester, NY. They had a son, Neamiah, born November 19, 1829, died August 25, 1830. Mary died July 25, 1830.
 James C. Sly married Margriet Jane Fuller September 1, 1831.
 James was in Mormon Battalion and named SLY PARK in California; and was there where gold was discovered and help found Mormon Trail over the Sierra Mountains. See History by Lenore Sly Waite, Salt Lake Archives.

External links

   Traveling the Mormon Emigrant Trail (They named this encampment after James C. Sly)
  James Calvin Sly Museum (In the Sly Park Recreation Area) Pollock Pines, California
  Sly's Park, a small valley, named for Captain James C. Sly
  Led first wagons on Salt Lake cutoff, which became the Gold Rush Trail
  Mormon Battalion Company B Roster
   Timeline of the life of James C. Sly
   Black Hawk Indian War of Utah
  The Pollock Pines Epic
   - scanned journal pages

Sly Park
   Sly Park Recreation Area
  Sly Park History
  The Pollock Pines Epic

1807 births
1864 deaths
19th-century Mormon missionaries
Latter Day Saints from Utah
American Mormon missionaries in Canada
Members of the Mormon Battalion
Mormon pioneers
People from Wayne County, New York
People of the California Gold Rush
Latter Day Saints from California

James Calvin Sly


Elections to Metropolitan Borough of Southwark were held on Monday 2 November 1925.

The borough council had sixty councillors, all of whom were elected together at triennial elections. The borough was divided into ten wards which returned between 3 and 9 members. In addition to the councillors, the council also included aldermen. Aldermen had a six-year term of office, with 5 seats being filled every three years at the first council meeting after each election.

Election result

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References

Council elections in the London Borough of Southwark
1925 in London
1925 English local elections

1925 Southwark Borough election


Ian Wynne (born 30 November 1973) is a British sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-2000s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the K-1 500 m event at Athens in 2004.

In the same year he won the silver medal in the same event at  the European Championships at Poznań, Poland, as well as the bronze in the K-2 1000 m with partner Paul Darby-Dowman.

In 2005 he finished seventh in the K-1 500 m at the world championships in Zagreb, Croatia. In October 2007 he crossed the English Channel between Great Britain and France in a new record time of 2:59,06 hours.

Wynne, who was born in Tonbridge, is a member of the Royal Canoe Club. He is 184 cm (6'0") tall and weighs 84 kg (185 lbs). As a teenager he represented Great Britain in international swimming championships.

Ian Wynne is now the British men's 1000m team coach.

References
Sports-reference.com profile

1973 births
English male canoeists
Canoeists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Living people
People from Tonbridge
Olympic medalists in canoeing
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
British male canoeists
Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain

Ian Wynne