Marvin Joseph Chomsky (May 23, 1929 – March 28, 2022) was an American director and producer who worked both in television and film.

Early life and career
Chomsky was born in the Bronx and raised in Brooklyn. He attended Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan, during which time he began working in radio, and later on, for a television show aimed at teenagers, while the medium was still in its early stages. He graduated from Syracuse University with a bachelor's degree in speech in 1950, and from Stanford University with a master's degree in drama the following year. He also served in the U.S. Army, before pursuing a career in film and television. His early jobs included work as an art director, set decorator, and producer.

Chomsky was a prolific television director, and his career spanned from 1964 to 1995. During the late 1960s, Chomsky directed episodes of The Wild Wild West.  He also directed episodes of Star Trek, Gunsmoke, and Hawaii Five-O. He also directed made-for-TV movies such as Brink's: The Great Robbery (1976), Victory at Entebbe (1976), Attica (1980) and Billionaire Boys Club (1987). During the 1970s, Chomsky served as one of the directors for the miniseries Roots (1977), and he worked on other miniseries such as Holocaust (1978), Inside the Third Reich (1982) and Peter the Great (1986). He directed Vanessa Redgrave in the 1982 TV movie, My Body, My Child, the miniseries The Brotherhood of the Rose (1989) with Robert Mitchum, Peter Strauss and David Morse, and the TV movie Catherine the Great (1995), starring Catherine Zeta-Jones.

His feature film directing credits include Evel Knievel (1971), Live A Little, Steal A Lot (1975), Mackintosh and T.J. (1976), Good Luck, Miss Wyckoff (1979) and Tank (1984).

Awards
Chomsky was the winner of Four Emmy Awards: Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for Holocaust in 1978;  Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special for Attica in 1980 and for Inside the Third Reich in 1982, and Outstanding Miniseries Peter the Great in 1986. (NATAS, IMDB)

Personal life
Chomsky was married twice, first to Tobye Kaplan, until their divorce, and then to Christa Baum, from whom he was separated at the time of his death. He had three sons, including Peter Chomsky, who is also a television producer. He was a cousin of linguist Noam Chomsky.

Chomsky died under hospice care in Santa Monica, California, on March 28, 2022, aged 92.

References

External links

1929 births
2022 deaths
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American television directors
Directors Guild of America Award winners
Film directors from New York City
Military personnel from New York City
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Stanford University alumni
Stuyvesant High School alumni
Syracuse University College of Visual and Performing Arts alumni
United States Army soldiers

Marvin J. Chomsky


Turnabout Glacier is located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. It is drained by the Turnabout River.

The glacier, the river and Turnabout Lake were named in 1957–58 during the International Geophysical Year by the Hazen Camp party directed by Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith.

There is also a Turnabout Glacier in the Antarctica at 77° 46' S 160° 43' E.

See also
List of glaciers

References

Glaciers of Qikiqtaaluk Region
Ellesmere Island
Arctic Cordillera

Turnabout Glacier


Rembrandt is a 1942 German historical drama film directed by Hans Steinhoff and starring Ewald Balser, Hertha Feiler, Gisela Uhlen, and Aribert Wäscher. It was based on the novel Zwischen Hell und Dunkel by Valerian Tornius and depicts the life of the Dutch painter Rembrandt.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Walter Röhrig. It was shot at the Tempelhof and Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. Location shooting took place in German-occupied Amsterdam and the Cinetone Studios in the city were also used.

Main cast
 Ewald Balser as Rembrandt
 Hertha Feiler as Saskia van Rijn
 Gisela Uhlen as Hendrickje Stoffels
 Elisabeth Flickenschildt as Geertje Dierks
 Theodor Loos as Jan Six
 Aribert Wäscher as Uylenburgh, Saskia's relative
 Paul Henckels as Radierer Seeghers
 Hildegard Grethe as Ms. Seeghers
 Wilfried Seyferth as Ulricus Vischer
 Paul Rehkopf as brother Adriaen
 Rolf Weih as student Eeckhout
 Clemens Hasse as student Philip
 Helmut Weiss as student Cornelis
 Heinrich Schroth as doctor Tulp
 Robert Bürkner as notary Wilkens
 Karl Dannemann as Banning Cocq
 Walther Süssenguth as Piet

References

Bibliography

External links

1942 films
Films of Nazi Germany
1940s biographical drama films
1940s historical drama films
German historical drama films
Films about Rembrandt
1940s German-language films
German biographical drama films
Films based on German novels
Films directed by Hans Steinhoff
Films set in the 1640s
Films set in the 1650s
Films set in the 1660s
Films set in the Netherlands
Films set in Amsterdam
Films shot in Amsterdam
German black-and-white films
Terra Film films
Films shot at Babelsberg Studios
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios
1940s German films

Rembrandt (1942 film)


Frances Ann Novak Rosamond (born 1943) is an Australian computer scientist whose research interests include computer education and parameterized complexity. She is the editor of the Parameterized Complexity Newsletter, moderator of the parameterized complexity wiki, and publicity chair of the International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation.

Rosamond obtained a PhD from Cornell University in 1981; her thesis work, supervised by David Henderson, involved developing the Cornell Mathematics Support Center, which continues to be active. While at Cornell, she also developed a program to assist adult women overcome mathematics anxiety and progress along the "Scheme of Intellectual and Ethical Development" created by William G. Perry.
Rosamond's research in education also includes computer games, including methodology for systematically generating game puzzles utilizing NP-completeness. At the University of Newcastle, Australia, Rosamond developed a new program of computer games, and a guest-visitor seminar series. Since 1998, Rosamond and her husband Michael Fellows have provided workshops on the mathematical foundations of computer science to children and adults in many countries. Rosamond orchestrated Sonia Kovalevskia Mathematics Days for girls and their teachers when she was professor of mathematics at National University in San Diego (1986-2000), and was a promoter of the San Diego Science Alliance. She received a University of Newcastle HEEP Equity Award for her investigation into increasing the number of women in computer science.

Rosamond has served on the Mathematics Association of America Committee on Mathematics and the Environment, Committee on Under-represented Minorities and Committee on the Teaching of Undergraduate Mathematics and, chaired the Task Force on Data Collection and Policy Issues. She was the representative to the JOINT-AMS-AWM-ASA-IMS-MAA-NCTM-SIAM Committee on Women in the Mathematical Sciences. Together with Sue Geller and Patricia Kenschaft, Frances developed and acted in the MAA Skit Program, a humorous presentation of recent discrimination events with disguised identities. Rosamond helped arrange for the Mathematical Association of America to be an official non-governmental organization of The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women and to present workshops at the conference. Rosamond has served the mathematics education community as one of the original members of the Association for Women in Mathematics. She was an invited delegate to the first Women and Mathematics delegation to the People's Republic of China in 1991. She has served on the board of directors of the Women in Mathematics Education Association, and as a member of the 	Nominations and Elections committee. She has been active in the American Educational Research Association, Greater San Diego Mathematics Council, and California Mathematics Council.

References

External links
 Parameterized Complexity Wiki (http://www.fpt.wikidot.com)

Australian women computer scientists
Australian women mathematicians
Cornell University alumni
Living people
1943 births

Frances A. Rosamond


Charles Fanning, Irish harper, born Foxford, County Mayo, 1736, died after 1792.

A son of a comfortable farmer and notable harper named Loughlin Fanning, he was taught by County Roscommon harper, Thady Smith.

A friend and rival of Arthur O'Neill, Fanning performed at the Granard Harp Festivals of 1781, 82 and 83, each time winning first prize. He accomplished the same feat at Belfast in 1792.

Captain Francis O'Neill said of him:

"Charles Fanning preferred Ulster to his native province, and although certain important episodes in his life happened at Tyrone, his chief haunts were in the County of Cavan. The mistake of his life was marrying the kitchen maid of one of his early patrons, a Mrs. Baillie who was a good performer on the harp herself, and who had entertained him at her table, and introduced him to genteel company. The result is well expressed in the concise language of Bunting: "He was also patronized by the celebrated Earl of Bristol, the great Bishop of Derry; but in consequence of having married a person in low life and corresponding habits, he never attained to respectability or independence."

External links
 http://billhaneman.ie/IMM/IMM-VIII.html

1736 births
18th-century Irish male musicians
18th-century Irish harpists
Musicians from County Mayo
1790 deaths
People from Foxford

Charles Fanning (harper)


Ana Lila Downs Sánchez (born 9 September 1968) is a Mexican singer-songwriter. She performs her own compositions and the works of others in multiple genres, as well as tapping into Mexican traditional and popular music. She also incorporates indigenous Mexican influences and has recorded songs in many indigenous languages such as Mixtec, Zapotec, Mayan, Nahuatl and Purépecha. Born and raised in Oaxaca, she primarily studied at the Institute of Arts by Oaxaca and briefly attended the University of Minnesota, before withdrawing to focus on her musical career. She soon began performing in the traditional music scene of Oaxaca City.

Her first (independent) album, Ofrenda, was released in 1994. In 1999, Downs came to prominence with her debut studio album, La sandunga, which was a critical and commercial success. She achieved international success in 2001 with the album Border which emerged in the music scene of Mexico and Latin America in the early 2000s (decade). Downs's seventh album, Pecados y milagros (2011), topped album charts in most major markets and generated chart-topping world music albums. Her eighth album, "Balas y Chocolate", was released in 2015. "Salón Lágrimas y Deseo", her ninth album, came out in 2017.

Downs began performing in school, demonstrating her vocal ability with traditional music, Latin and American influences, and with her own original twist on dancing. Downs, a native Spanish speaker, also speaks fluent Mixtec and English. Downs through her activism has gone through great lengths to preserve the Mixtec language as well as many other Indigenous Mexican languages.

Influenced by Chavela Vargas, Mercedes Sosa, Lucha Villa, and Amparo Ochoa, Lila Downs is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outré contributions to the music industry through her traditional and authentic fashion, the majority of which are based around Mexico's indigenous peoples' styles, cultures and heritages, which show through her performances and music videos. Her achievements include one Grammy Award and three Latin Grammy Awards.

Besides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and political activism, especially dealing with issues of Latin America's indigenous population.

Biography

Lila Downs was born on 9 September 1968, in Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, Mexico. She is the daughter of Anita Sánchez, a Mixtec cabaret singer and Allen Downs, a Scottish-American professor of art and cinematographer from Minnesota. From an early age Downs showed interest in music. At the age of eight she began singing rancheras and other traditional Mexican songs. She began her professional career singing with mariachis. At fourteen she moved to the United States with her parents. She studied voice in Los Angeles and learned English, which her father helped her to perfect. When she was 16, her father died, and she decided to return to her native town Tlaxiaco with her mother.

One day while she was working in a store in the Mixtec mountains a man came in to ask her to translate his son's death certificate. She read that he had drowned trying to cross the border into the United States. This deeply affected her and has continued to influence her work. She talked about this in an NPR interview about her 2001 release entitled Border.

Although today Downs is proud of her origins there was a time when she felt shame regarding her Native American roots. "I was embarrassed to have Indian blood. I was embarrassed that my mother spoke her language in public." This led her on a path to find herself, which included dropping out of college, dyeing her hair blonde and following the band The Grateful Dead. After some time Downs found herself back in Oaxaca, a city in southern Mexico, working at her mother's auto parts store, where she met her future husband and musical collaborator, tenor saxophonist Paul Cohen.

Downs studied Anthropology at the University of Minnesota and voice in New York. Later she attended the Institute of Science and Arts of Oaxaca in Mexico to complete her studies.

At 25, after completing academic and music studies, Downs decided to return to Tlaxiaco. Paul Cohen always encouraged her musical ventures, and she joined a group percussion called Yodoyuxi's Cadets. Because Paul Cohen had business in the United States she began to live in both Minnesota and Oaxaca.

During her stay in Minnesota, Downs formed a group called La Trova Serrana which achieved great popularity among the Latin community within the United States, singing songs about the Zapotec values and culture. Upon her return to Mexico she started singing in bars, restaurants and clubs in the City of Oaxaca, as well as the city of Philadelphia and the state California in the United States, always with the support of US saxophonist Paul Cohen. She received many positive critical reviews, which led to her decision to undertake an extensive tour of Mexico.

Career

1994–1996: First albums
In 1994 Lila Downs independently made her first album, entitled Ofrenda. This was both a collection of traditional songs from Oaxaca and Mexico, and songs written by the singer with lyrics sung in Spanish, Mixtec and Zapotec (native languages of Oaxaca). The material was produced both independently and with the support of the Oaxacan Cultures Institute. Because this album was not a commercial success in LP or cassette, she never released a version on CD.

In 1996 Downs recorded a live session at a renowned café-bar of the City of Oaxaca. On this record Downs was accompanied by a set of well-known musicians who supported its interpretation of traditional themes, as well as country music and jazz. With this work Downs and her music became known in different parts of the Republic of Mexico, and this was their first album to be released on CD. The album had a big impact, despite limited promotion and the fact that only a small number of copies were made. This CD is now out of print, and although not available as part of the official discography of Lila Downs, can be found in digital format.

1997–1999: La Sandunga
In 1997 Lila Downs made a second recording, called "Traces", on which she performed material that was to be included in later albums such as La Sandunga, Tree of Life and Border. It is an extensive compilation of items in her traditional repertoire but, like its predecessor, had no commercial distribution, so this disc is also currently out of print.

It was not until 1999, when Downs signed with the label Narada Productions, that she achieved commercial success and made herself known internationally with the album La Sandunga. Recorded a year earlier, this material came to the forefront of Mexican music and her album was one of the first to merge the sounds of traditional music and modern rhythms as jazz, blues and bolero. The album was sung in Spanish and Mixtec, and was produced by Lila Downs and Paul Cohen with the support of Xquenda Cultural Association. Because of this success, Downs participated in the soundtrack of the Mexican film Green Stones and achieved great popularity in countries such as Mexico, United States, Spain, France, England and Germany, selling over 500,000 units worldwide.

1999–2000: Tree of Life/Yutu Tata
Downs's next album, Tree of Life, was released in 2000. With this album the fame of Downs continued to spread to other markets in England, Switzerland, Canada and especially the United States. This work found Downs turning to her indigenous past, and the album features pre-Hispanic sounds and instruments. Several of the songs on the album are sung in native Mexican languages such as Mixtec, Zapotec and Nahuatl. In October 2000, she began a two-month tour called the Tree of Life/Árbol de la vida, which included concerts in Latin America, Europe and the US. The tour began in Mexico and ended in Spain.

2001–2003: Border/La Linea (The Line)
Border, released by EMI Music in 2001, was the first album by Downs to feature songs sung in English. The album was released simultaneously in the United States and Mexico. With this album Downs merged sounds from different genres such as traditional folk music, hip hop, rock and chilena. It included fifteen songs, eleven in Spanish, three in English and one in Mayan. The album received generally good reviews and placed seventh in the top charts of world music. It also stirred up controversy due to its frank discussion of immigration, Native American marginalization and the Acteal massacre. This drew criticism, especially from politicians and the church.

The album's first single was released in Mexico, "Mi corazón me recuerda", a poem by Chiapas poet Jaime Sabines. Set to music, it achieved moderate success on the Mexican music charts. In Spain the song was called "La Llorona", in France the song was called "Corazoncito Tirano" and in the United States the song was called "Medley: Pastures of Plenty/This Land Is Your Land/Land" were released as singles. The latter incorporates two Woody Guthrie songs, "Pastures of Plenty" and "This Land is Your Land" as well as original lyrics by Downs in "Land".

2004–2006: Una Sangre/One Blood
One Blood, one of Lila Downs's most successful albums, was released in April 2004, simultaneously in the United States, Spain, and Mexico. The lyrics on this album are about migration, discrimination and the case of Mexican human rights defender Digna Ochoa. In addition to traditional songs such as "La Bamba", "Viborita", and "La Cucaracha", the album includes genres such as son jarocho, jazz, rock and folk. This album contains thirteen tracks, three in English, one in Triqui, one in Purepecha and eight in Spanish. Lyrics were authored by Lila Downs, Paul Cohen, Celso Duarte, and Jose Martí. In 2005 Lila Downs received the Grammy Latino in the category of "Best Album of World Music" for this album and reached the top of the charts in United States, Mexico, Spain, United Kingdom, Germany and France.

2006–2008: La Cantina, entre copa y copa ...

Lila Downs took approximately one and a half years to prepare this project, which was released in April 2006. This CD draws on Mexican ranchero songs and merges sounds such as pop, rock, norteño, cumbia and hip-hop. This CD contains fifteen tracks, of which twelve are traditional Mexican repertoire authored by Lila Downs, and includes a version in English of "La cumbia del mole", the song that to date is the most well-known work by the artist. "La cumbia del mole" refers to the preparation of Mexican dish and tradition in Oaxaca. This single managed to position itself among the top of the charts in Mexico, United States, Canada and United Kingdom.

In 2007, Downs published a CD with the greatest success in Spanish to date, containing songs from her previous albums La Sandunga, Tree of Life, Border/The Line, One Blood and La Cantina. It was entitled simply The Very Best of Lila Downs and was accompanied with a DVD containing thirteen tracks recorded live at a concert in Madrid, Spain.

2008–2009: Shake Away/Ojo de Culebra

Two years after the release of La Cantina, in September 2008 Downs launched Ojo de Culebra in Europe, North America, Australia and Latin America. The album reached sixth place in sales in Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Spain and several Latin American countries. The first single is titled "Ojo de Culebra" was contributed to by the Spanish singer La Mari by group of flamenco Chambao. The song is a merger of rock, cumbia and flamenco with some influences of reggae. This song was at the top of the charts of world music in several countries The second single was "Perro Negro", a merger of rock with ska, (which did not have as much of an international impact as its predecessor), featured Rubén Albarrán singer of the Mexican rock band Café Tacuba. "Little man" (released in the U.S. alone) and "Justice" were next two singles, the latter with the participation of the Spanish singer Enrique Bunbury. Raul Midon, Gilberto Gutierrez and Mercedes Sosa also contributed to this album.

The single "Black magic woman" achieved moderate success in Europe, United States and Canada, and the single "Silent Thunder" was later well received by the British market.
In October 2009 Lila Downs was honored by a plaque at the outskirts of her hometown and birthplace, Tlaxiaco, Mexico, and also was awarded the keys the city for her work preserving the language of Mixtec.

2010–present: Lila Downs y la Misteriosa, Pecados y Milagros

Lila Downs y la Misteriosa en Paris Live à FIP is the second live album by Downs, released on April 13, 2010, in Spain and France, the album was recorded in 2009 in Radio France studio 105 in Paris, France. It was released in May 2010 in the United States and in July in most other countries. It received positive feedback from critics. Lila Downs y la Misteriosa en Paris was released in Mexico with an edited version of the live concert on DVD and was number one in sales of Gender World Music for the music chain Mixup for three consecutive weeks. Although receiving little promotion the album has received moderate success on the Mexican charts. In a survey of the best albums of 2010 conducted by the Mexican television network Channel 22, this album was ranked number one.

Pecados y Milagros (Sins and Miracles) was the seventh studio album by Mexican singer-songwriter Lila Downs, released on October 18, 2011. The album cover was released on September 14, 2011.

The album debuted at number fifty two on the Billboard 200 becoming her fourth-highest peak on the chart. It also debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums Chart and stayed there for over 3 consecutive weeks. This album has sold over 60.000 copies in the US and over 290.000 copies worldwide. The album was recorded in the Mexico City, and New York. Downs describes the album musically as having "a strong rock side" along with "traditional" and "Latino" songs. Celso Duarte is one of several collaborators to appear on the album, featuring on the first single "Palomo del comalito".

Other collaborations include songs with rappers Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas, Celso Piña and Totó la Momposina. Downs ahas been touring through February 2017 in Mexico, the US and around the world, the Sins and Miracles Tour, which started in Mexico.

Audience members at a concert of February 18, 2012, at New York City El Museo del Barrio were informed that the concert was being recorded by HBO.

In 2014, Soledad released Raíz, a collaborative album featuring Lila Downs and Spanish artist Niña Pastori, and received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album and the Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year, winning the Latin Grammy for Best Folk Album. The trio also collaborated with Santana on the track Una Noche en Nápoles for the 2014 album Corazón.

In 2015, Lila Downs joined the judging panel for The 14th Annual Independent Music Awards and by doing so, helped to assist the careers of upcoming independent artists.

On May 26, 2017, Downs released , under Sony Music Mexico/Latin. The first single of the album was "Peligrosa", followed over the summer by "Urge". Her next international tour started at the end of March 2017 on the West Coast of the US, followed by a series of performances in Mexico, Europe and Latin America. The album was awarded the Latin Grammy for Best Traditional Pop Vocal at the Latin Grammys in Las Vegas in November 2017.

In August 2021, she collaborated with Guatemalan singer-songwriter Sara Curruchich on the song "Pueblos", which was released on the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples.

Musical tours

2005–2006: One Blood Tour
Due to the success of the albums One Blood and Border (2001 and 2004), the One Blood Tour took place and Downs performed 30 international shows on three continents. Countries such as the Philippines, Japan, China, Egypt and Afghanistan were included on the tour, where Downs was well received by the public.
In May 2007, Downs published a DVD collection as a document of that tour in a concert in Oaxaca and Mexico City; this DVD contained thirteen live tracks and a documentary as well as special features like interviews, short films by Allen Downs (Lila's father) and videos.

2008–2009: Shake Away Tour

In September 2008 the Ojo de Culebra World Tour started, which took place on four continents, and was the most successful tour for a Mexican artist.
In Latin America, Mexico was the country with the highest number of concerts (21 in total), the tour officially ended on October 30, 2009, giving a free concert in the Zocalo of Mexico City, followed by Colombia and Costa Rica, with three concerts each.

Although not part of the tour, Lila Downs appeared in the Live Earth in Germany, where she played three songs, and in late 2008 sang at the Harmony Festival held in California, United States.

2010: Black Magic Woman Tour
In March 2010, Lila Downs announced a world tour Black Magic Woman Tour which began in Buenos Aires, Argentina with three sold-out shows. This tour included several countries in America Asia and Europe in many of which attendance records were broken. The tour officially ended on November 17, 2010, in Square Dance by Oaxaca City where she had an audience of approximately seven thousand people.

2011–2014: Pecados y Milagros World Tour
Pecados y Milagros World Tour was Lila Downs' fourth musical tour in support of her seventh studio album, " Pecados y Milagros ", also her first album to win Grammy Awards, Latin Grammy Award for best folk album, and best Regional/Mexican Tejano album It was announced on October 3, 2011, through the official website of the singer. Lila Downs explains her meaning behind Pecados y Milagros, also known as "Sins and Miracles" talking about the drug-related violence involved in Mexico's cities. https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-11-07/what-mexican-singer-lila-downs-pecados-y-milagros-says-about-drug-violence

2015–2017: Balas y Chocolate World Tour

Balas y Chocolate World Tour is Lila Downs's fifth concert tour, and promoted her eighth studio album Balas y Chocolate (Bullets and chocolate (in Spanish).) It began on March 26 in Mexico City at the Plaza Condesa, presenting the repertoire of new music album of the same name tour. Canada in 2015, Spain has toured with great success (Cartagena, Barcelona, Valencia, Madrid etc. ), Paraguay, Chile, Argentina (Mendoza, Buenos Aires, Cordoba ), Bolivia, Ecuador, United States ( more than 20 cities, including New York City, Miami, Hollywood, Los Angeles, Step etc.) In 2016 she will be in London, Spain, Argentina and Peru. In August 2016, Lila Downs performed at the 21st Annual Santa Barbara Mariachi Festival alongside Aida Cuevas, Mariachi Sol de Mexico, Mariachi Nuevo Tecalitlan, and Mariachi Reyna de Los Angeles in Santa Barbara, CA.

2019–2021: Al Chile Tour

Al Chile World Tour is Downs' sixth world tour. It was to see concerts in Mexico, the United States, Spain, Colombia and Chile for 2019 and 2020. However, due to the coronavirus pandemic, Downs was forced to cancel or postpone most of the concerts until 2021.

2022

On July 4th, 2022, Lila Downs performed in Geneva, Switzerland at the festival Musiques en été.

2023 : European Tour

On the 5th of August 2023 Lila Downs and her band gave a wonderful concert at the Festival "Chant de Marins" ( Sailor's Songs ) in the port of Paimpol, Bretagne, France in front of 45.000 people.

Acting

Downs has had small parts in such films as Frida, Fados and Hasta el último trago corazón; the latter is a documentary on Mexican music involving various exponents of the genre. Downs worked on the composition and arrangements for the musical Como agua para chocolate, based on the book by Laura Esquivel, which premiered at the Public Theater of New York and Broadway in late 2011 and early 2012. She participated in the filming of the U.S. film Mariachi Gringo directed by Tom Gustafson, where she worked alongside Mexican actresses Adriana Barraza, Martha Higareda and Canadian actor Shawn Ashmore. The film was released in 2012.

Soundtracks
In 2001, Downs was invited to participate in the soundtrack of the Mexican film Piedras Verdes where she performed "Cancion mixteca", in 2002 she participated in the soundtrack for the film Frida singing the song "Burn It Blue" which was nominated in the 75th Academy Awards in the category of Best Original Song. In 2005 she participated in the soundtrack for the film The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada with the song "Dónde estás papá". Downs has also participated in other soundtracks for films such as Real Women Have Curves and Tortilla Soup. In the film by Carlos Saura, Fados (2007), she sings an unforgettable version of "Foi na Travessa da Palha" in Portuguese.

Personal life
Since the beginning of her career she has been involved with Paul Cohen who is her partner and artistic director.
There has been much speculation in the media about the couple's personal life and that the couple could not have children.

In June 2010, Downs announced on her web site that, after several years of trying to be parents, she and Paul Cohen had adopted a child, Benito Dxuladi. They currently reside in Coyoacán in Mexico City and Oaxaca although most of the time they spend traveling.

In December 2022, Downs announced on her social media, her lifetime partner and husband Paul Cohen, died at the age of 69 years old, as a result of heart disease.

Social activism
Downs has been a social activist throughout her entire career and works to maintain her cultural identity and her roots in the eye of social distress. For example, she sings with passion, and admiration for her home in Oaxaca, Mexico. Her music draws out many socially significant issues particularly with issues pertaining to the Indigenous, such as the mistreatment and misunderstanding of indigenous peoples of Oaxaca, by celebrating her Mixtec heritage through song. Her albums are socially significant, especially her album, One Blood, or Una Sangre, which includes songs such as "Dignificada", which is a song about Digna Ochoa's assassination. Digna Ochoa was a lawyer and social activist, and Downs featured her story on her album One Blood.

When asked if she is a politician, Downs said that she does not want to be a politician because she is not interested in power, instead she wants to support and change society through music.
On October 9, 2009, Downs, along with actress Salma Hayek represented Mexico participated in an event for the worldwide campaign of the One Drop foundation, to preserve water. They performed together with the founder of Cirque du Soleil, Shakira, U2, former Vice President Al Gore and other "world-class" personalities.

Contributions

 In 2003 she was invited to the Twelve Girls Band concert in Shanghai, China, where she sang in French, Italian and English: Habanera from the opera Carmen, "Signore, ascolta!" from the opera Turandot, Summertime from Porgy and Bess and Ode to joy With Tim Sheff. She also participated on the album "Spain in my heart: Songs of the Spanish Civil War" with the song "El quinto regimiento".
 In 2004 she collaborated with the Afghan singer Kulsoom Syed Ghulam on the album Lullabies from the Axis of Evil on the song "Lalolalo (Don't you Worry My Child)".
 In 2005 she collaborated with the Galician band Luar Na Lubre on the album Saudade on the song "Domingo Ferreiro" performed in galician.
 In 2006 she collaborated on the Brian Lynch and Eddie Palmieri album Simpático on the song "Que sería la vida" with Brian Lynch.
 In 2007 she collaborated with the Argentinean band Los Calzones Rotos on the album Tanguito on the song "Loco". She also collaborated on the album "Homenaje a Pedro Infante: 50 aniversario" with the song "Amorcito corazón". And she collaborated with the Paraguayan musician Celso Duarte on the album "De sur a sur/From south to south" on the song "Petenera".
 In 2008, on the Los Cojolites album No Tiene Fin, she sang on the song "La Herlinda" and "El Pescador" of the album Sin Fecha de Caducidad by the Mexican singer Celso Piña. She also participated on the album "Songs of the siren: Irresistible voices" with the song "La cumbia del mole". She participated on the album "¡Nueva York!" from the American musician Dan Zanes with the song "La bruja".
 In 2009 she participated on the album of Basque singer Kepa Junkera, where she performs "Haurtxo Polita" in Euskara. She also sang "Razon de Vivir" on Mercedes Sosa's album Cantora, Vol. 2. That same year she also worked on the song "El Llorar" on Mexican musician Ernesto Anaya's album, Huapangueando. She equally participated on the album What About Me? from the UK duo 1 Giant Leap with the songs "Come to the edges" with Huun Huur Tu and "Solita sin soledad" with Carlos Santana. She participated on the album "Sweetheart: our favorite artists sing their favorite love songs" in the song "My One and Only Love". Also collaborated with the Brazilian musician Guilherme Monteiro on the album "Air" on the song "Retrato de un forró". And participated on the posthumous album "Duetos" from the Spanish singer Rocío Durcal on the song "Amor eterno".
 In 2010, Lila Downs sang a duet with the Mexican singer-songwriter Benny Ibarra ("Calaveras"), on his album The March of the Living. The song was the second single for the album. She also sang "Historia de un amor" on Roberto Alagna's album "Pasión". She sang a duet "Vámonos" with the Mexican singer Chavela Vargas on her album "¡Por mi culpa! Chavela Vargas y sus amigos". She also collaborated with the Irish band The Chieftains on the album "San Patricio" on the song "La iguana" with The Chieftains and Ry Cooder.
 In 2012 she collaborated on Kevin Johansen's album Bi with the song "Baja a la tierra", and on the album "Mujer Divina" from the Mexican singer Natalia Lafourcade on the song "La fugitiva"
 In 2013 she collaborated on the album "Ciudadana del mundo vol. 1" on the songs "De que te cuidas" and "Latinoamerica" with Eugenia León, Moyenei, Betsy Pecanins, Tania Libertad and Cecilia Toussaint. She collaborated with the Mexican singer Leonel García on the album "Todas mías" on the song "Sirena". She also collaborated with the Mexican group Los Ángeles azules on the album "Como te voy a olvidar" on the song "El listón de tu pelo". She collaborated with the Spanish band Chambao on the album "10 años around the world" on the song "Papeles mojados". She participated on the album "Grandes éxitos de las sonoras, con la más grande, La Sonora Santanera" from the Mexican band La Sonora Santanera on the song "Tu voz".

Awards and recognition
Throughout her career Downs has received several awards, including a Grammy, 5 Latin Grammys and Lunas del Auditorio.
She has recently unveiled her star on the Walk of Fame located in the outskirts of Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City for her career. Her last album 'Balas Y Chocolate' was listed on i-Tunes as one of the years best in World Music 2015, was one of the UK Sunday Times best albums of the year and was a Best Album of the Year pick in Songlines Magazine, where she was featured on the cover of the June 2016 issue. Some of her most successful songs include: "Tengo miedo de quererte", "Estrella oscura", "La línea", "La llorona", "La cumbia del mole" y "Ojo de culebra".
In November, 2017 Lila's latest album; "Salón Lágrimas y Deseo" won Best Album Pop Traditional at the Latin Grammys in Las Vegas. She was presented with the Leading Ladies of Entertainment accolade by the Latin Recording Academy in 2019.

Discography

Albums
Ofrenda (1994)
Azulao: En vivo con Lila Downs (1996)
La Sandunga (Narada 1999)
Tree of Life (Yutu tata) (Narada 2000)
Border (La Línea) (Narada 2001)
One Blood (Una sangre) (Narada 2004)
La Cantina "Entre copa y copa..."  (Narada 2006)
The Very Best Of/El Alma de Lila Downs [CD] (EMI 2008)
Shake Away (Ojo de Culebra) (Manhattan Records 2008)
Lila Downs y La Misteriosa en Paris – Live a FIP [CD (Harmonia Mundi-Global Village Europe/US; various labels worldwide), (CD + DVD EMI Mexico) (2010)]
Pecados y Milagros (2011)
Balas y Chocolate (2015)
Salón, Lágrimas y Deseo (2017)
Al Chile (2019)
La Sánchez (2023)

With the Brian Lynch/Eddie Palmieri Project
 Simpático (artistShare, 2007)

with Niña Pastori and Soledad Pastorutti
 Raíz (2014)

DVD
Lotería Cantada (2006)
The Very Best Of/El Alma de Lila Downs [CD+DVD] (EMI 2008)

See also

List of Mexican actresses

References

External links

 Official website

 Lila Downs Music Videos on CompulsiveTraveler.tv
 Lila Downs: beyond the border by Mary Armstrong, Sing Out! vol. 45 no. 4 Winter 2002
 "Wise Latina", an interview with Guernica Magazine's Joel Whitney
 Lila Downs biography and discography at World Music Central
  Paste Magazine Article
 "Lila Downs on BBC Newsnight" Interview by Secunder Kermani 2016
 "Lila Downs: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert" Lila Downs Tiny Desk Concert 2016

1968 births
Living people
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Oaxaca
University of Minnesota alumni
English-language singers from Mexico
French-language singers
Mixtecan-language singers
Nahuatl-language singers
Purépecha-language singers
Zapotec-language singers
Latin Grammy Award winners
Mayan-language singers
Mexican women singer-songwriters
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican people of American descent
Mexican people of English descent
Mexican people of Scottish descent
Mixtec people
Narada Productions artists
People from Tlaxiaco
Indigenous Mexicans
Sony Music Latin artists
Indigenous musicians of the Americas
Sony Music Mexico artists
Indigenous Mexican women
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
Women in Latin music

Lila Downs


In television and radio programming, a serial is a show that has a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode-by-episode fashion. Serials typically follow main story arcs that span entire television seasons or even the complete  run of the series, and sometimes spinoffs, which distinguishes them from episodic television that relies on more stand-alone episodes. Worldwide, the soap opera is the most prominent form of serial dramatic programming. In the UK the first serials were direct adaptations of well known literary works, usually consisting of a small number of episodes.

Serials rely on keeping the full nature of the story hidden and revealing elements episode by episode, to encourage spectators to tune in to every episode to follow the plot. Often these shows employ recapping segments at the beginning and cliffhangers at the end of each episode.

The invention of recording devices such as VCRs and DVRs along with the growing popularity of streaming services has made following this type of show easier, which has resulted in increased success and popularity. Prior to the advent of DVRs, television networks shunned serials in prime time as they made broadcast programming reruns more difficult and television producers shunned them because they were tougher to go into broadcast syndication years down the road.

Serials contrast with episodic television, with plots relying on a more independent stand-alone format. Procedural drama television programs are commonly episodic, sometimes including a serial subplot.

Shorter serial programs known as telenovelas (and earlier, radionovelas), originating and often produced in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking Latin America, have become popular worldwide.

Terminology
The term "serial" refers to the intrinsic property of a seriesnamely its order. In literature, the term is used as a noun to refer to a format (within a genre) by which a story is told in contiguous (typically chronological) installments in sequential issues of a single periodical publication.

More generally, "serial" is applied in library and information science to materials "in any medium issued under the same title in a succession of discrete parts, usually numbered (or dated) and appearing at regular or irregular intervals with no predetermined conclusion."

The term has been used for a radio or television production with a continuously evolving, unified plot and set of characters, spread over multiple episodes.  In the United States, daytime soap operas have long had a serial structure. Television mini-series also commonly come in a serial form. Starting in the mid-1970s, series with soap opera-like stories began to be aired in prime time (e.g. Dallas, Dynasty). In the 1990s, shows like The X-Files and The Sopranos began to use a more serial structure, and now there are a much wider range of shows in serial form.

History

The serial began with the advent of
movie serials of the early 20th century. With the emergence of television and subsequent decline of the movie-going audience, production of movie serials ceased due to the decreasing revenues. But the serial lived on, moving instead to the small screen and the world of Broadcast syndication television reruns.

Soap operas
The television serial format as known today originated in radio, in the form of children's adventure shows and daily 15-minute programs known as soap operas (so-called because many of these shows were sponsored by soap companies, such as Colgate-Palmolive and Procter & Gamble). Soap operas were specifically engineered to appeal to women (with the intention of increasing sale of soap). They usually ran from Monday through Friday at the same time every day. A show called The Smith Family which ran only one night a week on WENR in Chicago during the early 1930s was credited as the "great-granddaddy of the soap operas" by radio historian Francis Chase, Jr. One of the other shows that helped pioneer the daytime soap opera/serial was The Guiding Light, which debuted on NBC radio in 1937, and then switched to CBS Television in 1952. The Guiding Light final episode aired on September 18, 2009, having a total of 15,762 episodes air on CBS. Some of the characters in soap operas have been portrayed as long-suffering (a common theme even in some of today's serials along with the social and economical issues of the day).

Children's adventure serials were more like film serials, with continuing characters involved in exploits with episodes that often ended in a cliffhanger situation; Westerns were a particularly popular format for children's serials on the radio.

Guiding Light and such other daytime television program serials such as Search for Tomorrow, Love of Life, The Secret Storm, As the World Turns, The Edge of Night, The Doctors, Another World, Dark Shadows, One Life to Live, and All My Children were popular in the Golden and Silver Ages of television and still are today.

Aside from the social issues, the style and presentation of these shows have changed. Whereas in the 1950s and 1960s the drama was underscored with traditional organ music, and in the 1970s and the 1980s a full orchestra provided the score, the daytime dramas of today use cutting-edged synth-driven music (in a way, music for soaps has come full-circle, from the keyboard to the keyboard).

The nighttime serials are a different story, though the concept is also nothing new. In the 1960s, ABC aired the first real breakthrough nighttime serial, Peyton Place, inspired by the novel and theatrical film of the same name. After its cancellation, the format went somewhat dormant until Norman Lear produced Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman in 1976. In 1977, ABC created another comedy soap (aptly called Soap). Although the show was controversial for its time (with a homosexual character among its cast roster), it was (and still is today) a cult classic.

The success of Dallas popularized serial storylines on prime-time television. Its end-of-season cliffhangers, such as "Who shot J. R.?" and "Bobby in the Shower?", influenced other shows like Dynasty (ABC's answer to Dallas), Knots Landing, Falcon Crest, The Colbys, Flamingo Road, Hotel, The Yellow Rose, Bare Essence, and Berrenger's. There were some serial shows such as Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere that did not officially fit into this category, but were nonetheless ratings hits season after season.

While the last of the 1980s nighttime soaps ended during the first years of the following decade, then a second wave came with series like Beverly Hills, 90210, Melrose Place, Models, Inc., Savannah and Central Park West. But as the 1990s came to a close, the primetime soap as an official format gradually faded away, where it largely seems to remain as of the middle of the first decade of the 21st century in the United States.

Other dramas
Serialized storytelling can also be seen in other dramas.
Heavily serialized dramas include Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Babylon 5, The Sopranos, Twin Peaks, 24, Battlestar Galactica, Breaking Bad and its spin-off Better Call Saul, Dexter, The Wire, The Return of the Spirit and Downton Abbey.
Series such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Veronica Mars, Homicide: Life on the Street, The Good Wife, and The X-Files fall somewhere between, featuring a new case each week that is resolved by the end of the episode, but also having an overarching mystery that receives focus in many episodes. The more serialized its storytelling, the less likely a show is to fare well in repeats. The format places a demand on episodes to be run in order, without which story arcs stretching over many episodes may be difficult for new viewers to delve into. Desperate Housewives also falls into the category while each season involves a new mystery that spans an entire season (and on one occasion, half the season) while planting hints throughout the episodes until the climax in the finale.

To a lesser extent, series such as House and Fringe may also feature ongoing story arcs, but episodes are more self-encapsulated and so the series fall into a more conventional drama category. Fringe has experimented with "myth-alones", a hybrid that attempts to advance the story arc in a self-contained episode.

In addition, it has been noted that the use of cliffhangers is still prevalent in adventure shows; however, they are now typically used just before a commercial break and the viewer need only wait a few minutes to see its resolution. In addition, many series have also made extensive use of the traditional end-of-episode cliffhanger format. This is most common in season finales which often end in a cliffhanger that would only be resolved in the next season's premiere.

Over the course of its run, a show may change its focus. Matt Cherniss, executive vice president of programming at Fox says: "Sometimes early on, being a little more episodic allows more people into the room. And as the show goes on, by its nature, it might find itself becoming a little more serialized." Early in their runs, shows such as Lost, Buffy, Angel, Dollhouse and Torchwood put greater emphasis on the "story-of-the-week", but over time story arcs begin to dominate. In contrast, Alias became more focused on standalone stories in later seasons, because of pressures by network executives.

Effect of a serial model on commercial success
Complex story arcs may have a negative effect on ratings by making entry more difficult for new viewers as well as confusing fans who have missed an episode. Networks see them as riskier than dramas that focus on a self-contained story of the week. Tom O'Neil of the Los Angeles Times notes: "They're chancy because these shows are hard to join midway through."  CBS has not aired a serial drama in many years, in part because of the success of its non-serial procedurals. Marketing for Star Trek: Strange New Worlds (2022) emphasized its episodes being standalone, which cast and crew described as being similar to Star Trek: The Original Series.

Scott Collins of the Los Angeles Times stated that "serialized storytelling ... though popular with hard-core fans and many critics, requires more dedication from viewers and has almost certainly tamped down ratings for many shows". He quoted an ad executive who states that close-ended story lines "[make] it easier for new viewers to tune in and figure out what's going on". According to Dick Wolf, serialized elements also make it more difficult for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes. Cheers co-creator Les Charles regrets helping to make serialization common: "[W]e may have been partly responsible for what's going on now, where if you miss the first episode or two, you are lost. You have to wait until you can get the whole thing on DVD and catch up with it. If that blood is on our hands, I feel kind of badly about it. It can be very frustrating."

Another problem is that many fans prefer to record these shows and binge watch the whole season in one session. These viewers are not included in TV ratings as they are much less likely to watch commercials than live viewers. The move away from live viewing and toward DVR or internet-streaming services has hurt many shows' prospects because there are fewer or no commercials and they may be fast-forwarded or out-of-date.

Concerned about the toll on ratings of complex story arcs, networks sometimes ask showrunners to reduce serialization. Network executives believe that standalone episodes serve as a better jumping on point for new viewers, although this may result in a conflict with regular watchers who tend to prefer more focus on story arcs.
Alias began as a more serialized show but later became more stand-alone under network pressure. During season 3 of the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica, showrunner Ronald D. Moore was also pressured to make episodes more stand-alone. This move resulted in negative criticism from both fans and critics, and Moore revealed in the Season 3 finale podcast that the network finally accepted that standalone episodes simply do not work for the story he is trying to tell.
Moore has also stated that the network was reluctant to greenlight Caprica mainly because story-arc-heavy series notoriously have difficulty in picking up new viewers, as compared to a series composed of mostly standalone episodes.

According to Todd A. Kessler, the second season of Damages will be less serialized in order to render the show more accessible to new viewers.
Tim Kring, creator of Heroes, has also suggested that his show may move away from serialized storytelling: "I think the show needs to move towards [standalone episodes] in order to survive."

Networks also discourage complex story arcs because they are less successful in reruns, and because standalone episodes can be rerun without concern for order.

Entertainment Weekly and Chicago Tribune have expressed concern that declining ratings may lead to a major reduction in serialized storytelling. To highlight the situation, in the 2006–2007 season, no fewer than five high-concept serials were introduced, including Jericho, Kidnapped, Vanished, The Nine, and Drive, all of which experienced fairly quick cancellation due to low ratings. In 2010 and 2011, more high-profile, high-cost serials failed to achieve success, including V, The Event, and FlashForward.

Some reviewers have also noted that serialized dramas are at a disadvantage at major awards shows such as the Primetime Emmy Awards. Such shows generally have to submit an atypical self-contained episode in order to gain recognition. Despite this, since 2000, every winner of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series has been a Serial Drama: The West Wing (2000–2003), The Sopranos (2004, 2007), Lost (2005), 24 (2006), Mad Men (2008–2011), Homeland (2012), Breaking Bad (2013–2014), Game of Thrones (2015–2016, 2018–2019), The Handmaid's Tale (2017), Succession (2020, 2022), and The Crown (2021).

In terms of DVD sales, however, strongly serialized shows often perform better than shows which are strongly procedural. 24 (Season 6),
Lost (Season 4),
Heroes (Season 2),
True Blood
and even ratings minnow Battlestar Galactica (Season 4.0)
sell significantly more units than hit procedurals such as CSI (Season 6),
NCIS (Season 3,
Season 5),
CSI: Miami (Season 4,
Season 5)
and Criminal Minds (Season 2, Season 3).

Serialized shows tend to develop a more dedicated fanbase interested in exploring the show online as well as becoming customers of additional merchandising.

See also
Limited-run series
List of serial drama television series
Mystery box show
Serial film

References

External links
 Most popular articles about 2010s American television series on Wikipedia, with user comments on traffic jumps - The latest statistics can be found on Wikitop

Radio drama
Television terminology

Television genres

Serial (radio and television)


Kenneth Cooper Annakin, OBE (10 August 1914 – 22 April 2009) was an English film director.

His career spanned half a century, beginning in the early 1940s and ending in 1992, and in the 1960s he was noticed by critics with large-scale adventure epic and comedies films, like Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines, Battle of the Bulge, The Biggest Bundle of Them All  and Monte Carlo or Bust!. During his career, Annakin directed nearly 50 pictures.

Biography
Annakin was born in and grew up in Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire where he attended the local grammar school. After leaving school he became a trainee income tax inspector in the city of Hull. Annakin subsequently decided to emigrate to New Zealand, and travelled around the world in a variety of jobs.

He was compere and stage manager of Eugene Permanent Waving Company's roadshow, touring the Northern provinces. When World War II broke out, Annakin became a firefighter in Soho, then joined the Royal Air Force.

Documentaries
Injured in the Liverpool Blitz, Annakin joined the RAF Film Unit, where he worked as a camera operator on propaganda films for the Ministry of Information and the British Council. We Serve (1942), a recruiting film for women, was directed by Carol Reed, who made Annakin his assistant director; Annakin subsequently directed several training films for Verity Films, a group led by Sydney Box, who was soon to become head of Gainsborough Pictures.

His early documentaries included London 1942 (1942), A Ride with Uncle Joe (1943), Make Fruitful the Land (1945), We of the West Riding (1945), English Criminal Justice (1946), It Began on the Clyde (1946) and Fenlands (1946).

Feature films and Gainsborough Pictures
Annakin had made a number of documentaries for Sydney Box, and when Box took over as head of Gainsborough Pictures he brought Annakin with him and assigned him to his first feature, Holiday Camp (1947). It was a solid hit and launched Annakin's career. Box called in Annakin to replace Michael Charlton, who was directing Miranda (1948) with Glynis Johns. The resulting film was another success.

Broken Journey (1948) with Phyllis Calvert was a commercial disappointment. However, Quartet (1948), an anthology film based on stories by W. Somerset Maugham, for which Annakin directed one segment, was well received.

Holiday Camp featured the Huggetts, a working-class family living in suburban England headed by Jack Warner and Kathleen Harrison. They were spun off into their own vehicle directed by Annakin, Here Come the Huggetts (1948) with Petula Clark, Jane Hylton, and Susan Shaw as their young daughters, Amy Veness as their grandmother and Diana Dors as their cousin. It was popular and led to Vote for Huggett (1949) and The Huggetts Abroad (1949).

Associated British
Annakin moved to Associated British Pictures Corporation, for whom he directed Landfall (1949), a war film; and Double Confession (1950), a thriller. He did another installment for an anthology movie based on Maugham stories, Trio (1950).

For producer George Brown, Annakin did the comedy Hotel Sahara (1951) with Peter Ustinov and Yvonne de Carlo.

Walt Disney
Annakin then received an offer from Walt Disney to make The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952) with Richard Todd.

He made an action film set during the Malayan Emergency, the United Artists film The Planter's Wife (1952) with Jack Hawkins and Claudette Colbert, which was a big hit in Britain.

Disney reunited Annakin and Todd on The Sword and the Rose (1953), co-starring Glynis Johns; it was a commercial disappointment. Annakin was offered the chance to direct a third historical film with Richard Todd, Rob Roy, but John Davis refused to let him out of his contract with Rank.

Annakin made a comedy, You Know What Sailors Are (1954) then did another imperial adventure story with Hawkins, The Seekers (1954). He arranged for Rank to buy the rights to a Pearl Buck novel The Hidden Flower but then decided not to make it as he felt interracial romance was out of date. He worked on a film set in Burma, Elephant Bill but John Davis of Rank refused to make it as it was too expensive.

He returned to comedy for Value for Money (1955) with John Gregson and Diana Dors, for Rank; Loser Takes All (1956) with Johns, based on a script by Graham Greene, for British Lion Films. He was going to direct The Alcock and Brown Story for Alex Korda starring Kenneth More but the film was cancelled when Korda went bankrupt. He was going to direct The Singer Not the Song with Marlon Brando and Peter Finch but pulled out when they were unable to raise finance and John Davis insisted Dirk Bogarde be cast. He directed Three Men in a Boat (1956) with Laurence Harvey and Jimmy Edwards for Romulus Films. Three Men in a Boat was especially popular.

Annakin made Across the Bridge (1957) with Rod Steiger from a story by Graham Greene. This would be Annakin's favourite film.

He was going to direct The Singer Not the Song but was unhappy with the idea of making the film with Dirk Bogarde. Instead he travelled to South Africa to make another adventure story, Nor the Moon by Night (1958) for Rank, with Michael Craig and Belinda Lee. Around this time he was credited as a writer on Mission in Morocco (1959), though he did not direct it.

Disney called again and hired Annakin to make a mountaineering tale, Third Man on the Mountain (1959). They kept him on for Swiss Family Robinson (1960), which Walt Disney's nephew, Roy, considered "one of the greatest family adventure films of all time and a favourite for generations of moviegoers". It was a huge hit.

Annakin returned to comedy with Very Important Person (1961) with James Robertson Justice. He travelled to South Africa once more for The Hellions (1962) with Richard Todd.

Annakin did some British comedies with Leslie Phillips, Stanley Baxter and a young Julie Christie: The Fast Lady (1962) and Crooks Anonymous (1962).

Producer
Annakin was hired by Darryl F. Zanuck to direct the British and (uncredited) French and American interior segments in The Longest Day (1962), which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture, eventually losing out to Lawrence of Arabia.

Annakin then made The Informers (1963) with Nigel Patrick for Rank.

June 16, 1965, saw the release of Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines. At the time it was Annakin's most ambitious project, and Zanuck, the head of the 20th Century-Fox Studio, endorsed the British period comedy film. In this project, Annakin co-wrote, produced and directed an international ensemble cast, including Stuart Whitman, Sarah Miles, Robert Morley, Terry-Thomas, James Fox, Red Skelton, Benny Hill, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Gert Fröbe and Alberto Sordi. The story, revolving around the craze of early aviation , is about a pompous newspaper magnate (Morley) who is convinced, by his daughter (Miles) and fiancée (Fox), to organize an air race from London to Paris. A large sum of money is offered to the winner, and a variety of characters are drawn to participate. The film received favourable reviews, in which it was described as funny, colourful and clever, and was said to have captured the early enthusiasm for aviation. It was treated as a major production, one of only three full-length 70 mm Todd-AO Fox releases in 1965, with an intermission and musical interlude part of the original screenings. Because of the Todd-AO process, the film was an exclusive roadshow feature, initially shown in deluxe Cinerama venues, where customers needed reserved seats purchased ahead of time. The film grossed $31,111,111 theatrically. Audience reaction both in first release and even today, is nearly universal in assessing the film as one of the "classic" aviation films. For its writing, Annakin and Jack Davies received an Academy Award nomination.

Annakin directed the big-scale war film Battle of the Bulge the same year for producer Philip Yordan and Cinerama. He also started writing a follow-up to Flying Machine called Monte Carlo or Bust.

Annakin planned to make epics about the Spanish Armada, Cortez and the Indian Mutiny, and a film about martians. None of these were made. Instead, he made The Long Duel (1967) in India for Rank with Yul Brynner, then The Biggest Bundle of Them All (1968) for MGM in Italy.

This was followed by Monte Carlo or Bust (1969) for Paramount Pictures, which Annakin produced and directed from his own script and story. It was an attempt to replicate the success of Those Magnificent Men',' but was not as well received.

Annakin continued to travel widely with his films: The Call of the Wild (1972) was shot in Finland, with Charlton Heston; Paper Tiger (1975), with David Niven in Malaysia.

Hollywood
Thanks to the money made from his films, Annakin moved to the south of France with his family. In 1978, Annakin left France and moved to Los Angeles. According to his autobiography, this was due to running foul of criminals while attempting to get funding for a new project, who threatened his family.

There he made a series of films for TV: Murder at the Mardi Gras (1978), The Pirate (1978) from a novel by Harold Robbins and Institute for Revenge (1979). He wouldn't stay only in America, as he travelled to Europe for The Fifth Musketeer (1979). Cheaper to Keep Her (1981) and then Australia for the musical The Pirate Movie (1982). Annakin's last completed film was The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking (1988) which he directed, produced and co wrote.

Annakin would continue to work on more screenplays, as well as attempt to develop a new film about Amelia Earhardt called Redwing. His 1992 project, the historical drama Genghis Khan was not completed, as the company financing it went bust."

Autobiography
In 2001 Annakin released his autobiography So You Wanna Be A Director?  with forewords by Richard Attenborough and Mike Leigh. In its review, the Directors Guild of America stated "So You Wanna Be a Director? is an entertaining autobiography through which seasoned directors and aspirants alike can enjoy and learn from a man with such a versatile and long-lived career. If Annakin tells of his exasperation over trying to coax performances out of producers' girlfriends, the bad behaviour – and sometimes the drug problems – of certain stars and the vagaries of international film financing, he's providing tales that are as cautionary today as when he lived them".

Annakin was honored as a Disney Legend by The Walt Disney Company in March 2002, only the second film director to be so honoured. He was awarded an OBE the same year for service to the film industry and received an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Hull University.

He died on 22 April 2009, the same day as Jack Cardiff, who had been his cinematographer on The Fifth Musketeer (1979). The cause of death was myocardial infarction and stroke. A daughter from a previous marriage predeceased him.

Following Annakin's death, George Lucas's publicist denied that Lucas took the name Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars from Annakin.

 Filmography

 London 1942 (1943)
 Fruitful the Land (1945)
 We of the West Riding (1946)
 English Criminal Justice (1946)
 It Began on the Clyde (1946)
 Fenlands (1946)
 Holiday Camp (1947)
 Miranda (1948)
 Broken Journey (1948)
 Quartet (1948)
 Here Come the Huggetts (1948)
 Vote for Huggett (1949)
 The Huggetts Abroad (1949)
 Landfall (1949)
 Double Confession (1950)
 Hotel Sahara (1951)
 The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952)
 The Planter's Wife (1952)
 The Sword and the Rose (1953)
 You Know What Sailors Are (1954)
 The Seekers (1954)
 Value for Money (1955)
 Loser Takes All (1956)
 Three Men in a Boat (1956)
 Across the Bridge (1957)
 Nor the Moon by Night (1958)
 Third Man on the Mountain (1959)
 Swiss Family Robinson (1960)
 Very Important Person (1961)
 The Hellions (1961)
 The Fast Lady (1962)
 The Longest Day (1962)
 Crooks Anonymous (1962)
 The Informers (1963)
 Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines (1965)
 Battle of the Bulge (1965)
 The Long Duel (1967)
 The Biggest Bundle of Them All (1968)
 Monte Carlo or Bust! (1969)
 The Call of the Wild (1972)
 Paper Tiger (1975)
 The Pirate (1978)
 Institute for Revenge (1979)
 The Fifth Musketeer (1979)
 Cheaper to Keep Her (1981)
 The Pirate Movie (1982)
 The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking (1988)
 Genghis Khan'' (1992) (unreleased)

References

Notes

External links

 Ken Annakin biography at BFI Screenonline
 AP Obituary in the Los Angeles Times
 Obituary in The Times
 Obituary in The Guardian
 Obituary in The Independent
 Obituary in The Daily Telegraph

1914 births
2009 deaths
20th-century English businesspeople
20th-century English male writers
20th-century English screenwriters
Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
Civil servants in the Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)
English film directors
English film producers
English male screenwriters
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Beverley Grammar School
People from Beverley
Royal Air Force airmen
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II

Ken Annakin


Bruna Reis Maia (born 4 August 1995), known professionally as Bruna Marquezine (, ), is a Brazilian actress and model. She debuted on television in 2000 as one of the children interviewers for the children's program Gente Inocente. She has been part of the cast of several telenovelas. Throughout her career, she has been awarded the Troféu Imprensa, Contigo Award! 2004, and Young Brazilian Award, among others. She plays Jenny Kord, a love interest for Jaime Reyes (portrayed by Xolo Maridueña) in the DC Universe film Blue Beetle (2023).

Early life
Bruna Marquezine was born in Duque de Caxias in the Baixada Fluminense, suburb of Rio de Janeiro. Her birth name is Bruna Reis Maia, having adopted the surname Marquezine, spelled in Portuguese as Marchesini, as a tribute to her paternal grandmother of Italian descent. At the age of 9, she moved with her family, constituted by her father Telmo, a joiner, her mother Neide and little sister Luana, to Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro.

Career

2000 - 2011: Beginning of career and first works

She began her television career in 2000 as one of the children interviewers for the children's program Gente Inocente, at the time, presented by Márcio Garcia. However, her first work as an actress had been in a commercial for the Military Police of São Paulo that talked about suicide and suicide prevention, when Bruna was still only five years old. This material reached Manoel Carlos and Ricardo Waddington, who later invited her to do a soap opera. Her debut in telenovelas came in 2003, in Mulheres Apaixonadas, by Manoel Carlos, where Bruna became nationally known for playing the character Salete. In the same year, she participated in the film Xuxa Abracadabra as the character Maria.

In 2005, the young actress joined the cast of the telenovela América playing the visually impaired character Maria Flor. The author of the plot Glória Perez, the actor Marcos Frota, who played the also disabled Jatobá, and Bruna Marquezine were honored with the Tiradentes Medal, in a session held in the plenary of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro, at Tiradentes Palace. The highest award of the State was presented to the three for addressing the problems faced by the visually impaired in the telenovela América. The actress also acted in Cobras & Lagartos, in 2006, playing the character Lurdinha and Desejo Proibido, in 2007, playing Maria Augusta.

In 2008, she was promoted to the rank of teenage actress and gave life to her first protagonist, the martial arts fighter Flor de Lys in the soap opera Negócio da China. In 2010, she participated in the telenovela Araguaia, as the orphan Terezinha. In 2011, she joined the cast of Aquele Beijo, playing the co-protagonist Belezinha, a beauty queen.

2012 - 2018: Adult and prominent characters

In 2012, Bruna Marquezine played the character Lurdinha in the soap opera Salve Jorge. According to the actress, at the same time she considered giving up her career because of the objectification of her body. What helped her change her mind was the support network she found in other TV Globo actresses, such as Cássia Kiss and Vanessa Gerbelli.

In 2014, she was invited by the author Manoel Carlos to play the traditional character Helena, in the second phase of the soap opera Em Família. In the third and main phase of the telenovela, she played Luiza, daughter of the protagonist Helena (now played by Júlia Lemmertz). In the same year, she is announced in the cast of I Love Paraisópolis, in which initially she was supposed to play an "attuned" resident of Paraisópolis, but later the direction of TV Globo, chose to change the role of Marquezine with that of Tatá Werneck, making Bruna the protagonist of the plot.

In 2016, she played the dancer and aspiring actress Beatriz dos Santos in the series Nada Será Como Antes, in which she starred in her first nude scenes on television. At the time, Marquezine called the character "the most challenging role of her career". In 2018, she was in the cast of the soap opera Deus Salve o Rei. A medieval-themed plot where the villain Catherine de Lurton lived for which the actress needed to lose five kilos for the composition of the character. Bruna's performance in this telenovela was criticized by the public, but despite this, she considered Catarina one of the most rewarding characters of her career. In September of the same year, Bruna was one of the highlights of the Dolce & Gabbana fashion show at Milan Fashion Week.

2019 - present: Departure from Globo, fashion and other projects
In 2019, she debuted as a protagonist in the cinema in Vou Nadar até Você, a film by Klaus Mitteldorf that was screened at the 47th Gramado Film Festival where she gave life to the character Ophelia. Taking a break from television, she became a regular attendee of fashion shows such as New York Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. Soon after, she became the poster girl for the Miu Miu, Puma e Karl Lagerfeld brands and for the jewelry company H. Stern.

In January 2020, she did not have her contract renewed with TV Globo after 17 years, since the station was adopting a new model of contracting by work, keeping only a few names in the fixed cast, most of them veterans. In addition, she recorded an appearance in the series Conquest, produced by Keanu Reeves for Netflix. In September, she presented MTV Miaw with her friend Manu Gavassi, and shortly after, she announced a YouTube channel to share the backstage of her projects.

On November 23, 2020, Bruna Marquezine was announced by Netflix as the streaming service's new hire. The following week, the company announced that the actress would play the character Liz in the series Maldivas alongside artists such as Manu Gavassi, Sheron Menezzes, Klebber Toledo, among others.

In November 2021, Bruna Marquezine auditioned to play Supergirl in the DC Extended Universe film The Flash and ended in second place. The pandemic of COVID-19 was one of the factors for the non-approval, since she couldn't travel to participate in the final stage. On March 8, 2022, she was officially announced as Jenny Kord in the DC movie Blue Beetle, her first international role as an actress. Bruna Marquezine has said that despite not passing the tests for Supergirl, it put her on Warner Bros.' radar for new roles.

Bruna Marquezine signed with United Talent Agency for representation in April 2023.

Personal life
In 2019, the actress bought a mansion, in Barra da Tijuca.

In 2018, Bruna Marquezine revealed that she had suffered from image disorders, depression and self-esteem problems in the past. The problems were fueled by online comments about her body.

Filmography

Music video

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
People from Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro
Brazilian child actresses
Brazilian telenovela actresses
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian stage actresses
21st-century Brazilian actresses
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Wives and girlfriends of association football players

Bruna Marquezine


The Law are a Scottish indie rock band from Dundee, Scotland.  Their debut album A Measure of Wealth was released in September 2009 through their own record label Local Boy Records (distributed by Universal via Absolute). The first single to precede the album, "Don't Stop, Believe", was released on 20 July 2009.  The second single to precede the album, "The Chase" was released on 14 September 2009.

Biography
The Law consists of Stuart Purvey (vocals), Stevie Anderson (guitar), and brothers Martin Donald (drums), and Simon Donald (bass).

Early recording sessions produced promising results and a couple of indie single releases in 2007 - "Milk & Honey" and "Still Got Friday To Go" - which saw The Law breach the official UK Indie Chart. This gained them initial recognition with the media, seeing them featured in national music press such as NME, and receiving national airplay on the likes of BBC Radio 1 and the XFM network. The year ended on a high when the band picked up a Tartan Clef Music Award for 'XFM best breakthrough act'.

The Law spent the majority of 2008 writing, recording, mixing, and mastering songs for their debut album. The mainstay of the process were the sessions at Sawmills Studios in Cornwall with producer Stan Kybert

Their debut album, A Measure of Wealth, was released on 28 September 2009 through the band's own imprint Local Boy Records (a subsidiary of Universal via Absolute).

The first single to be taken from the album - "Don't Stop, Believe" – was released on 20 July 2009, receiving airplay from BBC Radio 1, BBC 6 Music, and XFM. This single was initially a b-side on The Law's previous single, "Still Got Friday To Go".

The second single, "The Chase" was released on 14 September, prior to the release of their debut album, A Measure of Wealth.

The Law have been prolific live headline performers in their native Scotland, and several support slots with fellow Dundonians The View on their UK tours have introduced the band to a wider audience, as have appearances with the likes of Air Traffic and The Rascals.

T in the Park, Scotland's biggest music festival, in 2009 was a historic point for The Law. Initially booked to play on the BBC Introducing Stage on the Saturday of the weekend, a cancelled appearance by New Zealand artist Ladyhawke saw the band invited back to play the Futures Stage on the Sunday, making them one of a handful of acts to perform more than once over the weekend.

The band's song "Don't Stop, Believe" features on the trailer for the 2009 movie The Men Who Stare at Goats starring George Clooney and fellow Scot Ewan McGregor and in 2010, The Law were granted funding by the Scottish Arts Council to showcase at the South By Southwest festival in Austin, Texas, United States.

The Law released their second album Trigger on 6 February 2012.

Discography

Albums
 A Measure of Wealth (2009)
 Trigger (2012)

Singles
 "Milk & Honey" (2007)
 "Still Got Friday To Go" (2007) No. 5 UK Indie
 "Don't Stop, Believe" (2009)
 "The Chase" (2009)
 "Holiday" (2012)

References

 BBC at South by South West
 Spinner Magazine
 Hollywood Today

External links
The Law's Official Site
The Law's Myspace page
The Law on the BBC

Scottish indie rock groups
Musicians from Dundee

The Law (Scottish band)


The Pauli exclusion principle refers to the fact that certain particles cannot be at the same place at the same time, with the same energy. Only fermions (examples are protons, neutrons and electrons) are bound by the Pauli exclusion principle, while bosons (an example is a photon - light beam) are not. A more precise way to describe the Pauli exclusion principle is to say that two of the same kind of fermions that are in the same quantum system (same atom, for example) cannot have the same quantum numbers. This principle was discovered by physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. It is a very important principle in physics because the particles that make up ordinary matter are fermions.

Quantum mechanics

Pauli exclusion principle


Cheerleader Queens (; aka I'm Lady) is a 2003 Thai film directed by Poj Arnon.

Plot
Four kathoey—Mod, Som, Kam-pang and Wa-wa—move from a rural town to attend St. Mary's High School in Bangkok. Once there they try to join the school's cheerleading team, only to be rejected because of their sexuality. Instead they join the school's struggling rugby team, making friends with the other team members after they score a number of tries in an important game.

Toey, another kathoey from the boys hometown, comes to Bangkok with the idea of forming a new cheerleading team, which they name "The Queen". From the start the boys have to face a number of problems, but with the help of their friends on the rugby team they manage to get to the finals of the national cheerleading competition.

Reception
Ronnie Scheib of Variety reviewed Cheerleader Queens at the 2004 New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival. He described the film as, "A fun date flick for all persuasions, with sexual content limited to a few chaste kisses and endless eye-batting innuendo, kitschy curio should perform cheerily on the gay fest circuit."

References

External links

2003 films
2003 LGBT-related films
Cheerleading films
Kathoey
Thai-language films
Thai LGBT-related films
Transgender-related films
Rugby union films
Films directed by Poj Arnon
LGBT-related sports comedy films

Cheerleader Queens


The NXT North American Championship is a wrestling title owned by WWE and competed for by the men of NXT. It was created as NXT's second-most-important men's championship on March 7, 2018, on an episode of NXT. On that episode, NXT commissioner, William Regal said that there would be a ladder match between EC3, Killian Dain, Adam Cole, Ricochet, Lars Sullivan, and Velveteen Dream to decide the first champion. The match happened at NXT TakeOver: New Orleans and Adam Cole won it to become the first champion. Right now, the champion is Carmelo Hayes and he beat Cameron Grimes at NXT In Your House on June 4, 2022 to win the title.
World Wrestling Entertainment championships

NXT North American Championship


Ezubao () was a peer-to-peer lending scheme based in the eastern Chinese province of Anhui. It was set up as an online scheme in July 2014, attracted funds of about 50 billion yuan ($7.6 billion) from 900,000 investors, and ceased to trade in December 2015. On 1 February 2016, the scheme was closed down and 21 involved people were arrested. Zhang Min, the president of the parent company, Yucheng Global, told investigators that the company operated as a Ponzi scheme.

Ponzi scheme
Individuals who wanted to take part in the scheme invested their money in the expectation that the money would be lent to borrowers and repaid, with interest, over time. Investors would be matched with borrowers over the Internet. The scheme promised to pay investors around seven times the interest rates that could be obtained by depositing the money with a bank in the normal way, with interest rates of between 9% and 14.6% being promised.

The company sponsored the online broadcasts of the National People's Congress and placed advertisements on the state-run China Central Television, both of which gave people confidence in the scheme. Over a thousand sales agencies were established across the country to promote the scheme to the general public, and tens of thousands of customers were joining each week. Many of its customers were small investors from rural areas.

Several factors encouraged people to think the scheme was "approved" by the authorities: the prominent positioning of its ads just before the main evening CCTV news bulletin, its participation in the 12th China-Association of Southeast Asian Nations Expo, its announcement of the formation of a militia at an event attended by senior officials of the People's Liberation Army, and its doing business nationwide across China and in neighbouring Burma.

Downfall
Ezubao unexpectedly stopped trading in December 2015. Worried customers started complaining and the police started investigating. The official Xinhua News Agency reported on 1 February 2016 that 21 people involved in the scheme had been arrested, including Ding Ning, chairman of the Yucheng Group. Chinese police reported that they were investigating the peer-to-peer lending company and had frozen and seized its assets, and those of the companies linked to it. The president of the parent company, Zhang Min, had told them that the company operated as a Ponzi scheme, with money from new investors used to pay money due to earlier investors; it is reported that about 50 billion yuan ($7.6 billion) had been invested in the scheme by about 900,000 investors. The authorities announced in early February that Ezubao clients could register their grievances on the web site of the Ministry of Public Security.

Xinhua reported that Ezubao had been under scrutiny since December 2015. An investigation into the company by local authorities had found that about 95% of the investments made were fake and that the purpose of the lending platform was to enrich senior executives. Chairman Ding Ning, for example, was reported to have recently spent $150 million on gifts, designer goods, luxury cars, and property. Xinhua further reported that, in an effort to conceal their fraudulent activities, the perpetrators had concealed 1,200 documents in 80 bags, and had buried these  underground on the edge of the provincial capital, Hefei. The police had managed to unearth the documents after twenty hours of work with two excavators.

Analytical commentary
Victor Shih, associate professor of Global Policy and Strategy at the University of California, San Diego commented: "The awkward truth is that Chinese regulators either knew about the scam and did nothing, or they completely missed the massive fraud". He added "Did provincial regulators know? They had to know".

References

Fraud in China
Peer-to-peer lending companies
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes
Companies based in Anhui
2014 establishments in China
2015 disestablishments in China
2010s crimes in China

Ezubao


(born Matsue Yamada) was a Japanese dollmaker of traditional dolls.

Biography
Hori started her career as a painter, but switched to doll making after an epiphany with a piece of gum; seeing the half-chewed gum she was fiddling looked something like a human face caused her to become interested in three-dimensional representations of the human form. She began to construct dolls from flour and newspaper paste, using chopsticks as a structural base. In 1930 she joined Yumeji Takehisa's Dontakusha group of artists and subsequently focussed her entire output on doll-making; that same year she had her first exhibition at the Hina Matsuri Festival. Early on in her career, she studied under the famous doll-makers Goyo Hirata and Juzo Kagoshima, both Living National Treasure of Japan.

Her creation of a new style of kimekomi-ningyō doll resulted in her own appointment as a Living National Treasure of Japan in 1955; she was both the first woman to be awarded this accolade and the first artist to be largely self-taught. She commonly sculpted dolls in the likeness of aristocratic women of the Heian period, in paulownia wood or (later in her career) shiso (terracotta overlaid with paper). Her dolls can take up to ten years to complete. In 1983 she was presented to Nancy Reagan during a presidential visit to Japan, who claimed to "admire [Hori's] patience as much as [her] art". (Hori was forbidden from bringing her tools - primarily knives - to the meeting.)

References

1897 births
1984 deaths
Dollmakers
Japanese artisans
Japanese dolls
Living National Treasures of Japan
Place of birth missing
20th-century Japanese people

Ryūjo Hori