Roger Scott (23 October 1943 – 31 October 1989) was a British radio disc jockey. He was best known for presenting an afternoon radio show on Capital London from 1973 until 1988 and was also best known for presenting his late night Sunday show, Scott on Sunday on BBC Radio 1 until his death from stomach cancer.

Early life
Roger Scott was born in Chipping Barnet in 1943, and grew up in Surbiton. He developed an early love of the rock and roll music being created at the end of the 1950s and early 1960s. As a teenager, he began playing records out the window of his suburban London home and watching the reaction of passers-by to the music.

Early career
After a brief time as a merchant seaman, Scott found his way to the United States and joined the radio station WPTR in Albany, New York in 1966. Scott's job, based on his British accent, was to be 'friend of the Beatles', and Scott learned the craft of disc jockey, working with Boom Boom Brannigan and other legendary names at the station.  Eight months later he left WPTR to become the evening presenter at the Montreal station 1470 CFOX. From 1967 to 1971 he was known by listeners for his on-air antics and for his passionate love of music. Notable during this time was his participation in "Give Peace a Chance", recorded by John Lennon with Yoko Ono during their Bed-In for Peace at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal.

Anticipating the launch of legal land-based commercial radio, Scott returned to the UK in 1971, only to find the introduction was not as advanced as he had anticipated. Meanwhile, he secured a position at UBN, a closed-circuit station broadcasting music to all the United Biscuits factories nationwide. It was about this time he also had a brief stint on BBC Radio 1 but, anticipating a future in commercial radio, he did so under the pseudonym 'Bob Baker'.

In 1975 he and Tim Rice were resident team captains on a short-lived BBC television pop quiz programme, 'Disco!', hosted by Terry Wogan and broadcast on Sunday afternoons. He did not enjoy working on television, and the show finished after only one series.

Capital London

In 1973 Scott joined the original on-air line-up of London's Capital London. His afternoon drive-time shows became immensely popular with Londoners, generating such landmark features as the 'Three O'Clock Thrill' and the daily 'Hitline', together with the jingle 'Grab a little piece of heaven' by David Dundas. In 1976 his regular Friday rush-hour oldies show "Cruising", first broadcast at weekends in 1973, acquired a cult following, largely owing to his introduction of obscure rock-a-billy records to his London audience for the first time.  He was also one of the first people in the British media to popularise the music of Bruce Springsteen.

It was also during this time that Roger Scott helped champion the Knebworth Rock Festival in 1980. The Festival's Headliner was the Beach Boys who had just released their latest album titled "Keeping the Summer Alive". Scott was always a big supporter of the West Coast Beach Boys influence on modern popular music and in anticipation of the Rock Festival and also a series of two concerts at the Empire Pool (now the Wembley Arena), Scott had listeners vote on their all time 15 top Beach Boy Hits of all time.  Two subsequent Fridays were used to play back the top songs coupled with some excellent interviews with all the then band members including some insightful interviews with band member, and producer at the time, Bruce Johnston.  Additionally Scott included one of the Wembley concerts in his Friday night live concert series.

Scott disdained the standardised playlists, market and audience research and other techniques introduced by the commercial stations in the 1980s.

Leaked Beatles session tapes

Roger Scott was also the source of many unreleased Beatles session tapes that were issued on bootlegs. Scott was working alongside EMI engineer John Barrett on a media presentation called The Abbey Road Video Show in 1982–83. Barrett had already done a full review of all existing Beatles session tapes and during production, Barrett compiled several tapes for the presentation. Roger Scott was chosen to narrate the special. It's this project that Scott worked on that gave him access to the tapes. In later years Barrett, who died in 1984 (and also Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn) had been accused as the source of the leaked recordings. Barrett (nor Lewishohn) never leaked anything; it was his compilations of tapes, copies of which were made by Scott, that got leaked.

Scott actually used some of the tracks from these dubs in 1984 for a 12-hour radio show on the Beatles entitled "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". This material subsequently appeared (taken directly from the radio show syndication transcription discs) on the bootleg NEMS release "Not For Sale" in early 1985. After Scott got diagnosed with stomach cancer, he sold the tapes to some bootleggers for some extra cash shortly before his death. The majority of the leaked Beatles EMI material came from Scott. One set has been confirmed to have been sold to Dieter Schubert of bootleg label The Swingin' Pig.

BBC Radio 1

In June 1988, after fifteen years of broadcasting with Capital, he moved to commercial-free BBC Radio 1. There, he reached a national audience for the first time, presenting a Saturday afternoon show The Saturday Sequence and a late night Sunday show, Scott on Sunday. The Saturday show featured interviews with many artists, and during this time Scott interviewed Dion, Jackson Browne, Don Henley and many others. The Sunday shows were more eclectic, featuring 1950's rock'n'roll, soul, classic rock and more contemporary music. In 1989 he also began the Classic Albums series for Radio 1. The show and Scott were remembered on a dedicated Radio 1 Vintage tribute show introduced by Richard Skinner on 30 September 2017.

Personal life and death
Scott and his wife, Lesley, had two children.

A heavy smoker, Scott was diagnosed with terminal stomach cancer in the summer of 1988. His last Radio 1 broadcast was on 8 October 1989, with 'Heroes and Villains' by the Beach Boys as the final song, and his last words were: "Thank you for your company, thank you for your support and thank you for your kindness". He died in the Chiltern District of Buckinghamshire on 31 October 1989, at the age of 46.

Tributes
In December 1989 a tribute to him was recorded and broadcast on Radio 1, compered by Alan Freeman, with performances from Cliff Richard, Dave Edmunds and Nick Lowe, Mark Knopfler, Chris Rea, and Mark Germino, whose single 'Rex Bob Lowenstein' had been a particular favourite of Scott.

In 2010, the internationally syndicated radio show It's Only Rock 'n' Roll broadcast a 2 part tribute to Roger Scott. Hosted by Alex East and featuring interviews with his friends and former colleagues: Jan Ravens, Dave Cash, Marc Denis, John Sachs, Mick Brown, Nicky Horne and Paul Burnett. It aired on radio stations around the world in the spring of 2010.

References

External links
Roger Scott's last broadcast on WPTR (Real)
Clips from the Capital Radio broadcasts
Radio Rewind, featuring numerous clips from the Radio 1 broadcasts
Tribute website set up by Roger's son Jamie which includes many clips and interviews

1943 births
1989 deaths
British radio DJs
British radio personalities
Radio presenters from London
Deaths from cancer in England
People from Surbiton
English expatriates in the United States
English expatriates in Canada
Deaths from stomach cancer
BBC Radio 1 presenters
British Merchant Navy personnel

Roger Scott


Italic script and  type has a long history. It was based on handwriting.

Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi (1475–1527) was a papal scribe and type designer in Renaissance Italy. Present day cursive writing style known as "italic" is based upon the style he developed. It has been said that the style of cursive known as "italic" got its name from this Italian designer. Modern day scribes, also known as "calligraphers",  study the work of Arrighi to learn the structure of the style of writing known as "italic" , a modernized version of the Chancery hand which was first perfected by Roman scribes in the early part of the sixteenth century.

In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a kind of calligraphic handwriting. Such letters normally slant slightly to the right.

In modern texts, Italics can emphasise key points in a printed text. One manual of English usage described italics as "the print equivalent of underlining".

Calligraphy-inspired typefaces were first designed in Italy, to replace documents written in a handwriting style called chancery hand. As the illustration shows, there were flourishes copied from calligraphy. An alternative is oblique type: the type is slanted but the letterforms do not change shape: this less elaborate approach is used by many sans-serif typefaces.

Usage on the web
Using italic is usually used as a place holder for a blank piece of information.
There are different ways in making a text italic.

HTML
In HTML, the editor can add the <i> and the </i> tags to make text surrounded by these tags italic.

Wikitext
In Wikitext, the editor can just add two apostrophes ('') around the text to become italic.

Related pages
 Bold
 Underlined

References

Typography
Writing

Italic


301 is the last album recorded by Esbjörn Svensson Trio, released on 30 March 2012. The album is their second released posthumously, after Leucocyte, as the pianist Esbjörn Svensson died in June 2008.

It was recorded during the same sessions of the recording of Leucocyte, whilst the Swedish trio were touring around Asia and Australia. The disc is named after Studios 301 in Sydney where the album was recorded.

Before his death, Svensson was actually involved in the editing down of the sessions into what might have been a double album. In the end, surviving members Magnus Öström and Dan Berglund elected to delay the release of 301. Regular sound engineer Åke Linton was also a key presence in the recording, editing and mixing process.

Track listing

References

2012 albums
Esbjörn Svensson Trio albums

301 (album)


Delores Dufner is an American sacred music composer, librettist, and organist whose works have been included in Catholic hymnals in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. Dufner is a nun of the Order of Saint Benedict at Saint Benedict's Monastery in Saint Joseph, Minnesota.  She is on the faculty of Saint Benedict's College and Saint John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota. In 1994, Dufner was commissioned to write the libretto for the oratorio Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim. "One of the best-known hymn writers in the church today. More than twenty different publishers have included her texts in their hymnals and hymn collections. In 2017 Dufner received the Christus Rex ("Christ the King") award from the Lutheran Valparaiso University.

References

External links
 WPL Biography
Delores Dufner profile at Allmusic
 Books of hymn texts

20th-century American Roman Catholic nuns
21st-century American composers
Benedictine nuns
Musicians from Minnesota
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century American Roman Catholic nuns
21st-century women composers
American women hymnwriters
20th-century American composers
20th-century women composers
20th-century American women musicians

Delores Dufner


The 76th Grey Cup was the 1988 Canadian Football League championship game that was played at Lansdowne Park in Ottawa, between the BC Lions and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. The Blue Bombers defeated the favoured Lions 22–21. This was the first Grey Cup game between two teams from west of Ontario, and the first to be won by a team which had only a .500 season.

Game summary
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (22) - TDs, James Murphy; FGs, Trevor Kennerd (4); cons., Kennerd; singles, Trevor Kennerd, Bob Cameron (2).

BC Lions (21) - TDs, Anthony Cherry, David Williams; FGs, Lui Passaglia; cons., Passaglia (2); singles, Passaglia (2); safety touch.

The Lions jumped to a 7-1 lead in the opening quarter as running back Anthony Cherry scored on a 14-yard run. Kennerd kicked a 22-yard field goal to pull the Bombers within three.

With the wind at his back in the second quarter, Kennerd tied the score with a 43-yard field goal. But Lions quarterback Matt Dunigan connected with David Williams on a 26-yard scoring play, giving BC a 14-7 advantage.

The Bombers got that one back on their next possession. Quarterback Sean Salisbury threw a 35-yard touchdown strike to James Murphy to pull Winnipeg even. BC's Lui Passaglia failed on a 41-yard field goal attempt near the end of the half, but it did give the Lions a 15-14 lead at intermission.

Passaglia and Kennerd exchanged field goals in the third quarter. The game was deadlocked at 19 heading into the final 15 minutes.

With 2:55 remaining, Trevor Kennerd kicked a 30-yard field goal to put the Bombers in front for the first time in the game. With the score 22-19 in favour of the Bombers, the Lions marched 75 yards downfield to the Winnipeg seven-yard line. Dunigan's pass was batted down and intercepted in the end zone by Winnipeg's Mike Gray to snuff out the drive.

The BC defence held and Winnipeg head coach Mike Riley elected to give up a safety in favour of better field position, cutting the margin to just one. The ensuing kickoff was returned by BC's Anthony Drawhorn 38 yards to the BC 45-yard line, but the ball was brought back to the 30 when Cherry was flagged for an unnecessary roughness penalty. The Lions then went three and out and turned the ball over on downs and the Bombers ran out the clock for the win.

Trivia
The 50,604 in attendance was the largest crowd to witness a football game in Ottawa until the 2004 Grey Cup.

1988 CFL Playoffs

West Division
 Semi-final (November 13 @ Regina, Saskatchewan) BC Lions 42-18 Saskatchewan Roughriders
 Final (November 20 @ Edmonton, Alberta) BC Lions 37-19 Edmonton Eskimos

East Division
 Semi-final (November 13 @ Winnipeg, Manitoba) Winnipeg Blue Bombers 35-28 Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 Final (November 20 @ Toronto, Ontario) Winnipeg Blue Bombers 27-11 Toronto Argonauts

External links

Grey Cup
Grey Cup
Canadian football competitions in Ottawa
1988 in Ontario
BC Lions
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
1980s in Ottawa
1988 in Canadian television
November 1988 sports events in Canada

76th Grey Cup


The Bridge Street Neck Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in Salem, Massachusetts.  It encompasses most of a peninsula of land northeast of downtown Salem, on the route connecting Salem to Beverly, which has been the scene of residential, commercial, and industrial development since the early settlement of Salem in the 1630s.  Bridge Street, the spine of the district is a thoroughfare connecting Salem to the bridge leading to Beverly.  The district is roughly bounded by railroad tracks to its west, the shore of the peninsula to the east,  On the north it is bounded by modern (post-1952) developments, and on the south it abuts the Salem Common Historic District.  In addition to properties on Bridge Street, the district includes properties on side streets between March/Osgood Streets, and Howard/Webb Streets.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

The City of Salem has approximately 19,000 total residences, of which 6% or about 1,200 units are located in the Bridge Street Neck neighborhood.

Historically, the Bridge Street Neck grew as a gateway district organized along the main road and bridge that connects Salem to the cities of Beverly and Danvers (Bridge Street/Route 1A). Land use along the road has traditionally been focused on retail and commercial services that cater to residents of Salem and the surrounding communities, and depend on automobile access. Single- and two-family homes are nestled behind commercial properties on both sides of Bridge Street, extending throughout the neck and all the way to the water.

In August 2008, a new bridge and bypass road (named Sgt. James Ayube Memorial Drive in 2011) opened in order to alleviate the bottleneck traffic on Bridge Street. This bypass connects Route 1A in Beverly directly to downtown Salem along the western coast of the Bridge Street Neck neighborhood, with access road entries located only at either end.

In March to August 2009, a study was completed to generate strategies for the revitalization of the Bridge Street Neck neighborhood, one of the oldest settlements in the City of Salem.  The strategy's vision is aimed at maintaining the residential character and scale of the neighborhood, and attracting more business and visitors to its commercial areas. The historical character of the neighborhood shall be reflected in its well maintained buildings and streets.

See also
Thomas March Woodbridge House, located just north of the district on Bridge Street
National Register of Historic Places listings in Salem, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts

References
Letter: How streets on Bridge Street Neck got their names Salem News, May 25, 2009
City of Salem Bridge Street Neck Revitalization Plan City of Salem
 Renaming Bypass Road

Historic districts in Essex County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Salem, Massachusetts
Salem, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts

Bridge Street Neck Historic District


Gottfried Böhm (; 23 January 1920 – 9 June 2021) was a German architect and sculptor. His reputation is based on creating highly sculptural buildings made of concrete, steel, and glass. Böhm's first independent building was the Cologne chapel "Madonna in the Rubble" (now integrated into Peter Zumthor's design of the Kolumba museum renovation).  The chapel was completed in 1949 where a medieval church once stood before it was destroyed during World War II. Böhm's most influential and recognized building is the Maria, Königin des Friedens pilgrimage church in Neviges.

In 1986, he became the first German architect to be awarded the prestigious Pritzker Prize. Among the most recently completed construction projects involving Böhm are the Hans Otto Theater in Potsdam (2006) and the Cologne Central Mosque, completed in 2018.

In honor of Gottfried Böhm, the City of Cologne has been awarding the Gottfried Böhm Scholarship for postgraduate architects together with the Technische Hochschule Köln and the Verein der Freunde & Förderer der Technischen Hochschule Köln e.V. since 2023.

Early life
Böhm was born in Offenbach am Main near Frankfurt on 23 January 1920.  He was the youngest of three children of Maria and Dominikus Böhm.  His father was renowned for his numerous avant-garde churches throughout Germany, many in Expressionist style.  His grandfather was also an architect.  Böhm was conscripted into the Wehrmacht at the outset of World War II.  He served until he was injured in 1942 during Operation Barbarossa and consequently returned to Germany.  After graduating from the Technische Hochschule, Munich, in 1946, he studied sculpture at a nearby fine-arts academy. Gottfried later integrated his clay model making skills acquired during this time at the academy into his design process.

Career
After graduating in 1947, Gottfried worked for his father until the latter's death in 1955, and later took over his firm. During this period, he also worked with the "Society for the Reconstruction of Cologne" under Rudolf Schwarz. In 1951, he traveled to New York City and worked for six months in the architectural firm of Cajetan Baumann. While traveling in the United States he met two of his greatest inspirations, German architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius.

In the following decades, Böhm constructed many buildings around Germany, including museums, civic centers, office buildings, homes, apartment buildings and churches.  He is considered to have been both an expressionist and post-Bauhaus architect, but he preferred to define himself as an architect who created "connections" between the past and the future, between the world of ideas and the physical world, between a building and its urban surroundings. In this vein, Böhm always envisioned the color, form, and materials of a building in relationship with its setting. His earlier projects were done mostly in molded concrete, but more recently he employed more steel and glass in his buildings due to the technical advancements in both materials. His concern for urban planning is evident in many of his projects, harping back to his emphasis on "connections". In addition to Germany, Böhm designed buildings in Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Turin, Italy.

A 2014 documentary titled "Concrete Love – The Böhm Family" explores Gottfried's relationship with his sons and his wife.

Personal life
Böhm was married to Elizabeth Haggenmüller, also an architect, until her death in 2012. He met her in 1948 while studying in Munich. She assisted him in several of his projects, mainly through interior design. Together, they had four sons: Stephan, Peter, Paul and Markus.  The first three also became architects, while Markus worked as a painter.  Böhm turned 100 in January 2020.

Böhm died on the night of 9 June 2021 at his home in Cologne, aged 101. The cause of death was not disclosed.

Gottfried Böhm Scholarship
On the occasion of the 100th birthday of Cologne architect Gottfried Böhm, Cologne Mayor Henriette Reker proposed a scholarship in 2020 in honor of the internationally renowned architect. In 2023, the scholarship will be held for the first time. Postgraduate architects can apply until August 31, 2023. The scholarship will start in October 2023 and run for one year.

The Gottfried Böhm Scholarship supports architects in the postgraduate phase who are particularly interested in the connection between architecture and urban development. Under the patronage of Cologne's mayor Henriette Reker the one-year residency scholarship takes place in the metropolis of Cologne. The scholarship holder is given the opportunity to work for one year on creative and visionary tasks in architecture and urban development for Cologne and its periphery. For this period he or she will receive free accommodation, a workplace in a creative environment in the heart of the city and a monthly grant totaling 2,500 euros. The scholarship is offered and supervised by the Verein der Freunde und Förderer der Technischen Hochschule Köln e.V. (Association of Friends and Sponsors of the Cologne University of Applied Sciences).

Notable buildings

1947–50 St. Kolumba, Cologne
1962–69 Bensberg City Hall
1968–72 Maria, Königin des Friedens pilgrimage church, Neviges
1968–70  (Church of Resurrection), Cologne

Awards
1968 – Eduard-von-der-Heydt Prize from the city of Wuppertal
1971 – Architecture Prize of the Association of German Architects, Düsseldorf
1974 – Berlin Art Prize of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
1975 – Big BDA award of the Association of German Architects, Bonn
1977 – Honorary Professor F. Villareal National University, Lima, Peru
1982 – Grande Medaille d'Or d'Architecture, L'Académie d'Architecture in Paris, France
1983 – Honorary Membership / Honorary Member of the American Institute of Architects AIA
1985 – Fritz Schumacher Prize, Hamburg
1985 – Honorary doctorate, Technical University of Munich
1985/1986 – Price Cret Chair at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
1986 – Pritzker Architecture Prize, Chicago, US
1987 – Gebhard Fugel Prize, Munich
1993 – Rheinischer Kulturpreis

References

External links

 Pritzker Prize page on Gottfried Böhm

1920 births
2021 deaths
People from Offenbach am Main
20th-century German architects
Brutalist architects
German sculptors
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Technical University of Munich alumni
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University
German centenarians
Men centenarians
German Army personnel of World War II

Gottfried Böhm


Caleb (), sometimes transliterated as Kaleb (, Kalev, ; Tiberian vocalization: Kālēḇ; Hebrew Academy: Kalev), is a figure who appears in the Hebrew Bible as a representative of the Tribe of Judah during the Israelites' journey to the Promised Land.

A reference to him is also found in the Quran, although his name is not mentioned (Al-Ma'idah: 20–26).

Name
According to The Jewish Encyclopedia, "since 'Caleb' signifies dog, it has been thought that the dog was the totem of a clan". The New American Standard Exhaustive Concordance states that the name Kaleb (Caleb) is related to the word for "dog" (). The Bible was written down centuries before Hebrew diacritics were introduced, and there is no certain knowledge of how the name was pronounced when the biblical text was written.

In Modern Hebrew, the name is pronounced ; the modern English pronunciation  is a result of the Great Vowel Shift.

An alternate Hebrew meaning offered for Caleb is "faithful, zealous, ruthless, bold, brave". This is on the basis of its being actually a compound word, a phenomenon quite common in ancient Hebrew. Col (, Kaf + Lamed) = "all" or "whole"; Lev (, Lamed + Bet) means "heart". Therefore, Caleb (or Calev as pronounced in Hebrew) would actually mean "whole-hearted" or "single-minded" or perhaps "fanatical". This might be due to the personal qualities of the Biblical Caleb, a companion of Moses and Joshua.

Biblical account
Caleb, son of Jephunneh  (Book of Numbers, ) is not to be confused with Caleb, great-grandson of Judah through Tamar (). This other Caleb was the son of Hezron, and his wife was Azubah ().

According to , Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, was one of the twelve spies sent by Moses into Canaan. Their task, over a period of 40 days, was to explore the Negev and surrounding area, and to make an assessment of the geographical features of the land, the strength and numbers of the population, the agricultural potential and actual performance of the land, settlement patterns (whether their cities were like camps or strongholds), and forestry conditions. Moses also asked them to be courageous and to return with samples of local produce.

In the Numbers 13 listing of the heads of each tribe,  reads "Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh." Caleb's report balanced the appeal of the land and its fruits with the challenge of making a conquest.

 of chapter 13 reads "And Caleb stilled the people toward Moses, and said: 'We should go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it. Caleb and Joshua said the people should trust God and go into the land; the other ten spies, being fearful and rebellious, argued that conquering the land was impossible and immoral.

Caleb as a Kenizzite
Caleb the spy is the son of Jephunneh. Jephunneh is called a Kenizzite (, ,). The Kenizzites are listed as one of the nations associated with the land of Canaan at the time that God made a covenant with Abraham (). However, Caleb is mentioned alongside the descendants of Judah recorded in : "And the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh: Iru, Elah, and Naam; and the sons of Elah: Kenaz" (). , likewise, lists Caleb as a tribal leader in Judah. Contrarily, the Kenizzites are also generally associated with Kenaz, the son of Esau, making them an Edomite clan (see ).

Deeds
In the aftermath of the conquest, Caleb asks Joshua to give him a mountain in property within the land of Judah, and Joshua blesses him as a sign of God's blessing and approval, giving him Hebron (). Since Hebron itself was one of the Cities of Refuge to be ruled by the Levites, it is later explained that Caleb actually was given the outskirts (). Caleb promised his daughter Achsah in marriage to whoever would conquer the land of Debir from the giants. This was eventually accomplished by Othniel Ben Kenaz, Caleb's nephew (), who became Caleb's son-in-law as well ().

1 Samuel  states that Nabal, the husband of Abigail before David, was "a Calebite" (Hebrew klby). It is not stated whether this refers to one of the Calebs mentioned in the Bible, or another person bearing the same name.

Traditional Jewish accounts

Traditional Jewish sources record a number of stories about Caleb which expand on the biblical account.

One account records that Caleb wanted to bring produce from the land, but that the other spies discouraged him from doing so in order to avoid giving the Israelites a positive impression of Canaan. They only agreed to carry in samples of produce after Caleb brandished a sword and threatened to fight over the matter. A Midrash refers to Caleb being devoted to the Lord and to Moses, splitting from the other scouts to tour Hebron on his own and visit the graves of the Patriarchs. While in Canaan with the spies, Caleb's voice was so loud that he succeeded in saving the other spies by frightening giants away from them.

Islam
Caleb is referenced indirectly in the Quran and some scholars consider him to be one of the Prophets of Islam, though this is debated.

References

Bibliography

 Ginzberg, Louis (1911). Legends of the Jews: Bible Times and Characters From the Exodus to the Death of Moses (Volume III). Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America.

 NAS Exhaustive Concordance, "Keleb", accessed 9 June 2017

External links

The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1908
Gili Kugler, Who Conquered Hebron? Apologetic and Polemical Tendencies in the Story of Caleb in Josh 14

Tribe of Judah
Book of Numbers people

Caleb


The term crime of passion refers to a criminal act in which the perpetrator commits a crime against someone else due to strong impulse (for example, grief or heartbreak) rather than in the premeditated fashion. For example, the wife may take her revenge on a person with whom a husband may have had an affair, or vice versa. This is known by the term temporary insanity in the United States.

Crime

Crime of passion


Surah Ahzab, one of the surahs (chapters) of the Quran, is an important surah for marriage. This Surah defines many practical regulations for married couples, allowing them to live in a happy, prosperous marriage built on mutual respect. This Surah emphasizes the importance of attention, carefulness, and understanding between a couple to lead toward a successful, harmonious relationship. Ultimately, surah al Ahzab for marriage helps couples who seek; to marry with their true love and, obedience & loyalty within their marriage.
One of the vital surahs to recite upon marriage is Surah al Ahzab Wazifa for marriage, also known as 'The Clans'. This Surah comes from the chapters of the Qur'an that were revealed in Makkah ( Mecca) , and originated from 73 Ayats or Verses.
Surah Ahzab is a chapter of the Quran composed of 73 verses, and it has several benefits that can help strengthen the bond between couples. This Surah can help married couples advance in their relationship by providing guidance related to marriage practices and behavior.

The first benefit of Surah Ahzab for married couples is, it guides them in terms of marital relationships and responsibilities. Surah provides advice on how to handle arguments and disagreements,

It emphasizes on communication between husband and wife. It encourages husbands and wives to speak openly with one another, especially in hard times.

By being honest with each other, couples can better understand where each person is coming from, which results in fewer misunderstandings or tension between them. Additionally, it reminds both partners to treat each other kindly and gently instead of resorting to hurtful words or actions during disagreements.

Finally, this chapter encourages married couples to show mutual respect for one another. It speaks about how love between two people should be unconditional no matter what circumstances arise.

Additionally, it mentions how spouses should not let themselves become jealous or envious of others' successes or blessings because when a couple works together, they are capable of achieving more than either one could do alone. This helps a couple stay united even during difficult times because they know they have an ally in one another.

Overall, reading through this chapter can provide a lot of insight into how a husband and wife should interact with each other during the marriage. It gives advice on topics such as money management, communication techniques, as well as respect for one another's feelings which all make up the foundation of a strong relationship. Thus, by utilizing what is taught within this Surah, married couples can reap the benefits of having a healthy partnership built upon mutual understanding and trust.

Chapters in the Quran

Al-Ahzab


Janaina Tewaney Mencomo (born 14 July 1984) is a Panamanian politician. She has served as foreign minister of Panama since October 2022. She previously served as Minister of Government of Panama from March 2020 through October 2022.

Studied at Colegio San Agustín high school in the Republic of Panama. In 2006, she graduated from the Law and Political Science School of the University of Panama, following presentation of the thesis "India-Pakistan Armed Conflict in the Light of International Law", earning the highest score and recommendation for publication by the Evaluation Council.

Obtained an Advanced Master's Degree in International Law at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, in Brussels, Belgium, upon presentation of the degree paper titled "Is the Indo-U.S. Nuclear Cooperation Deal Compatible with the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons?"

Earned a Master of Laws degree in Arbitration, Mediation, and Dispute Resolution at the University of Hong Kong, where she presented the research paper "Is mediation the best way to create understanding among nations?"

She served at the Ministry of Commerce and Industries as one of the attorneys in charge of negotiating the Free Trade Agreements between Panama and its commercial partners.

Worked as Senior Assistant for Academic Research on Nuclear and Chemical Disarmament and its Correlation with International Law and Alternative Conflict Resolution for the University of Hong Kong Law School. At Strategic Foresight Group in Mumbai, India, she was an International Policy Analyst on terrorist financing, geopolitical scenario creation in security issues, and water diplomacy.

She collaborated with Oxford University in the preparation of the report titled "Humanity at Risk - Global Terrorism Threat Indicant", an exhaustive analysis of the most relevant terrorist groups worldwide, their capabilities, adherents, ideologies and financial resources. In Water Diplomacy / Hydro Diplomacy, she was responsible for the development and analysis of future scenarios in terms of peace and security regarding rivers, lakes, and international aquifers in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East.

In the Administration of President Laurentino Cortizo Cohen, she held the position of Advisor to Foreign Minister Alejandro Ferrer on issues related to international security, terrorism, and official missions of the President of the Republic. In March 2020, she was appointed Minister of Government (Minister of the Interior), a position in which she performed outstandingly and where she launched the Economic Empowerment Plan for Indigenous Women, with the collaboration of the Inter-American Development Bank.

References

External links
 Janaina Tewaney

Living people
1984 births
Foreign Ministers of Panama
Place of birth missing (living people)
Women government ministers of Panama
21st-century Panamanian women politicians
21st-century Panamanian politicians
Female interior ministers
Female foreign ministers

Janaina Tewaney


Agha Ali Ibrahim Akram (Urdu: آغا ابراہیم اکرم), (1989- 1923) better known as A. I. Akram was a Lieutenant-General in the Pakistan Army and a historian. He wrote books about early Muslim conquests. His most famous book The Sword of Allah is a biography of Muslim general, Khalid ibn al-Walid. He retired from the Pakistan Army as Lieutenant-General in 1978. He also served as Pakistan's Ambassador to Spain. He founded the Institute of Regional Studies in 1982 and remained its president till his death in 1989.

Biography
Akram was born in Ludhiana on 22 September 1923 to an Indian Police Officer.
He graduated from Government College Lahore in 1942 and joined the British Indian Army, being commissioned a second lieutenant in the 13th Frontier Force Rifles on 26 November 1942. By October 1945 he held the rank of temporary Captain, a promotion he received on 1 January 1945. He served in Burma in World War II, and first three Indo-Pakistan Wars. After the partition of India in 1947, he preferred to join the Pakistan Army.

He taught military history as Colonel and Chief Instructor at Command and Staff College, Quetta from September 1960 to November 1965,
during which he acutely felt the lack of detailed, clear and objective literature on Muslim military history. It was at this time when he decided to fill the void himself.

His first book, The Sword of Allah, is about the life and campaigns of Khalid ibn al-Walid which was published in 1970 after a five years effort, including visits to battle-fields in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. It has two English editions, and has been translated into Urdu, Arabic, German and Bahasa. For several years it was compulsory reading in the Pakistan Army for entrance to the Staff College and has been on the leadership syllabus in the Malaysian Army. His second book The Muslim Conquest of Persia was published after four years, after visiting the battlefields in Iran and discussions with Iranian scholars. The Muslim Conquest of Egypt and North Africa was his third book, which also took four years of preparations and visits to Egypt and Tunisia. His last book was The Rise of Cordoba, which was published in 1986. To research for writing all these books he learned Arabic, Persian and Spanish and collected an impressive library of historical works.

In 1978, he retired from Pakistan Army as a Lieutenant-General after being superseded by General Zia-ul Haq.
After that he served as Pakistan's Ambassador to Spain for two and a half years. He founded the Institute of Regional Studies in 1982 and remained its president till his death in 1989.

Works
 The Sword of Allah
 The Muslim Conquest of Persia
 The Muslim Conquest of Egypt and North Africa
 The Muslim Conquest of Spain
 The Falcon of the Quraish
 The Rise of Cordoba

References

1923 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Pakistani historians
British Indian Army officers
Indian Army personnel of World War II
Pakistani generals
Pakistani military historians

Agha Ibrahim Akram


Atlas Grove is a grove of Coast redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens) within Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, in Humboldt County, northern California. It contains the third largest known Coast redwood, Iluvatar.

Description
According to author Richard Preston, the Atlas Grove was discovered by naturalist Michael Taylor in 1991. For old growth specimens importance, the Atlas Grove is similar to the Grove of Titans, another undisclosed grove of first growth Coast redwoods in the park. The exact locations of both are undisclosed, to protect their ecology.

Among tree hunters and botanists, some groves and trees are given names unofficially. However, over 900 Coast redwood groves have been named by the Save the Redwoods League, as an "everlasting memorial to an individual, family or organization". It has not been disclosed whether the Atlas Grove is one of the dedicated memorial groves.

Botany
An area of approximately 1 hectare in the Atlas Grove was studied, known as the Atlas Project. The exact location of the study is undisclosed.

Trees in the stand were measured with tapes and laser range finders. Over 20 days with 5 climbers was spent just in measuring the Iluvatar tree. Scientific studies were done with moisture, light, and sap flow sensors. Wildlife in the grove was studied too, including the Wandering salamander (Aneides vagrans).

The Atlas Grove contains other old growth Coast redwoods, including: the Atlas Tree, Gaia, Pleiades, Ballantine, Prometheus, and the Bell Tree.

Other flora in the Atlas Grove includes: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), Cascara buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana), California laurel (Umbellularia californica), Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Port Orford–cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) and Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus).

See also

References

External links
Mdvaden.com: Documentation, photographs, and information

Redwood National and State Parks
Coast redwood groves

Atlas Grove


Red Hulk is an alias that is used by different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. While the first two were created from members of the United States army, the third one is a form of Hulk's Joe Fixit personality. The most well-known versions of the character are General Thaddeus E. ''Thunderbolt'' Ross, Four-star General Robert Maverick, and Red King.

He was portrayed by Sam Elliott in the 2003 film Hulk, by William Hurt in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films The Incredible Hulk (2008), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Black Widow (2021), and by Harrison Ford in Captain America: New World Order (2024) and Thunderbolts (2024).

Marvel Comics superheroes
Marvel Comics supervillains

Red Hulk


The International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International (IFM-SEI) is an international non-profit organisation based in Belgium that campaigns for children's rights. It is a fraternal organisation of Socialist International and works closely with International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) and Young European Socialists (formerly ECOSY). IFM-SEI is a full member of the European Youth Forum (YFJ) which operates within the Council of Europe and European Union area and works closely with both these bodies. In Latin-America it is a full member of the Foro Latin-America de Juventud (FLAJ). It is also part of the International Coordination Meeting of Youth Organisations (ICMYO) which consists of worldwide active youth organisations and regional youth platforms coordinating their activities towards the UN and its agencies.

It has member organisations all over the world and is strongest in Europe and South America. Many of its member organisations work with children and young people of all ages through activities, groups and camping.

IFM-SEI members are children and youth self-organisations, family organisations and other organisations who are working for the benefit of children and young peoples.  IFM-SEI organise campaigns, for example against child labour or child pornography, seminars, trainings, camps and other educational activities. Their activities are carried out by member organisation, and international seminars are held regularly in cooperation with other fraternal organisations. A recent activity was the Peace Camp with Israelis and Palestinians. The LGBT event of IFM is called Queer Easter.

President

 Max Winter from Rote Falken, (1925)
 Anton Tesarek from Rote Falken, (1955–1959)
 Hans Matzenauer from Rote Falken, (1967–1980)
 Eric Nielsen from DUI leg og virke, (1980–1983)
 Piet Kempenaars from (1983–1985)
 Eric Nilsson from Unga Örnar, (1985)
 Jerry Svensson from Unga Örnar, (1985–1995)
 Jessi Sörensen from DUI leg og virke, (1995–2001)
 Östen Lövgren from Unga Örnar, (2001–2005)
 Ted Birch from Unga Örnar,(2005–2007)
 Tim Scholz from SJD - Die Falken (2007–2013)
 Ana Maria Almario from Acacia Fundacion (2013–2016)
 Sylvia Siqueira Campos from Mirim (2016–2018)
 Christina Schauer from Kinderfreunde Rote Falken, (2018–2022)

Secretaries General

 Kurt Biak from (Voluntary) (1931)
 Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez from (first full-time) (1966–1972)
 Ilpo Rossi from Nuoret Kotkat, (1972–1976)
 Ulric Andersen from Unga Örnar, (1976–1979)
 Jacqui Cottyn from (1979–1995)
 Odette Lambert from (1995–2001)
 Uwe Ostendorff from SJD - Die Falken (2001–2007)
 Tamsin Pearce from Woodcraft Folk, (2007–2013)
 Christine Sudbrock from (2013–2016)
 Carly Walker-Dawson from Woodcraft Folk, (2016–2020)
 Ruba Hilal from Independence Youth Union, (2020–2023)

Current Presidium

The Presidium is made up of the Secretary-General, President, Vice President and one Presidium members from each region (Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Europe and Asia) to make a total of 8 members. Regional Representatives have one seat reserved for a woman and one seat reserved for a person under 30. The last elections were held in May 2023.

 Jami Ojala (Vice President) Nuoret Kotkat,
 Babacar Mahamadou Toure (Africa Presidium Member) Pionniers du Mali,
 Jess Gallardo Sanchez (Europe Presidium Member) Kinderfreunde / Röte Falken,
 Eduardo Flores (Latin America Presidium Member) Manque Chile

Republics and Camps of the IFM-SEI

There were four children's republics held by the international before World War II:
 1933 First Republic: Oostduinkerke, Belgium
 1935 Second Republic: Verneuil-l'Étang, France. 900 children from Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, UK and Switzerland.
 1937 Third Republic: Brighton, England. Theme: Solidarity, 2,000 participants from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Britain, Spain and Tunisia.
 1939 Fourth Republic: Wandre, in Liège, Belgium.  Theme: Freedom and Peace, 1,600 participants, from Belgium, France, UK, Switzerland, Tunisia and refugee children from Spain.

Since the end of World War II the IFM-SEI organises international camps as well as encouraging bi- and multi-lateral camps between members. The following is a list of official IFM-SEI camps held since 1945:
 1946 Brighton, England
 1951 Döbriach, Austria
 1952 Füssen, Federal Republic of Germany
 1955 Oslo, Norway
 1956 Stockholm, Sweden
 1958 Vienna, Austria
 1961 Deurne, Belgium
 1965 Reinwarzhofen, Federal Republic of Germany
 1967 Scunthorpe, England
 1971 Lahti, Finland
 1974 Döbriach, Austria
 1977 Oslo, Norway
 1981 Walsrode, Federal Republic of Germany
 1985 Döbriach, Austria
 1988 Imatra, Finland
 1991 Norrköping, Sweden
 1994 Reinwarzhofen, Germany
 1997 Zanka, Hungary
 2000 Döbriach, Austria. Theme: Children's Rights. 1000 participants.
 2006 Kent, England. Theme: Millennium Development Goals. 5000 participants.
 2010 Döbriach, Austria and Jedovnice, Czech Republic. Theme: Train 4 Change. 1000 participants.
 2016 Reinwarzhofen, Germany. Theme: Welcome to Another World.
 2022 Northamptonshire, England. Theme: Common Ground – International Friendship and Solidarity. Originally planned for 2020 it was postponed due to the Covid epidemic.
2023 Nurmes, Finland. Theme:
Yhessä Together, International, doing things together.

Member organisations
Member and candidate organisations are listed here:

Africa

 Girls Excel
 Youth Advocates Ghana
 Oyoun Masr Association
 Pionniers du Mali
 Action Enfance Senegal
 Mouvement National des Pionniers Senegalais
 Union Youth Saguiet el-Hamra and Rio de Oro
 Patsimederu Trust

Asia

 Antar Bharati
 KKSP Foundation
 Youth Organization of Bhutan (exile in Nepal)

Europe

 Armenian Youth Federation (ARF-YO)
 Kinderfreunde /  Rote Falken
 SYB - The Falcons Belarus, Belarus (in exile in Lithuania)

 Faucons Rouges
 Rode Valken, RVPA
 Pionýr
 DUI - Leg og Virke
 Nuorten Kotkain Keskusliitto
 Georgian Falcons
 Sozialistische Jugend Deutschlands-Die Falken
 Hungarian Childfriends
 Arciragazzi
 Lietuvos Sakaliuku sajunga
Framfylkingen
 Fenix
 Slovenian Falcons
 Esplais Catalans
 Kinderfreunde / Rote Falken
 Woodcraft Folk

Middle East

 Hashomer Hatzair
 HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed
 Ajyal
 Independence Youth Union
 Independent Youth Forum
 Seeds Association for Development and Culture 'Bothoor'
 Association for Social Democracy

Latin America

 Organizacion Nueva Generacion
 Manque Chile
 Agrupacion Integridad Absoluta
 Movimiento Infantil Luis Alfonso Velásquez Flores (MILAVF)
 Los Cachorros
 Club infantil CHAP "Mayo 23"
 Mundo Nuevo
 Juventud País Solidario (JPS)

References

External links

 01
Children's rights organizations
Socialist education
International nongovernmental youth organizations
Youth-led organizations
Youth organisations based in Belgium
Youth wings of social democratic parties
Youth organizations established in 1922
1922 establishments in Europe
Youth movements


Keith Lee "Tiny" Gallon (born January 18, 1991) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Oklahoma.

High school career
Gallon played in the 2009 McDonald's All-American Game. The 2009 game was held at the BankUnited Center on the University of Miami's Coral Gables campus. The game was played on April 1, 2009 and was nationally televised on ESPN.[2] The All American Boys treated nearly 6,000 fans to one of the best All American Games in recent history. The high scoring, back-and-forth game kept everyone on the edge of their seats. It was not until Morgan Wootten Player of the Year Derrick Favors (Georgia Tech) slammed home an alley oop pass from Lance Stephenson, with just 40 seconds remaining, that the East Team felt in control.

Top contributors to the East victory were John R. Wooden MVP Award winner Derrick Favors, with 19 points and eight rebounds, and Dante Taylor (Pittsburgh), with 15 points and six rebounds. Lance Stephenson added a solid performance that consisted of 12 points, four rebounds, six assists and three steals. Peyton Siva (Louisville) put his name in the record books, as he compiled nine assists.

The West Team used a balanced offensive attack that resulted with six players scoring in double figures. Keith Gallon (Oklahoma) was the top performer for the West Squad in both points (20) and rebounds (7), while Naismith Sportsmanship Award winner Avery Bradley, Jr. (Texas) tallied 15 points and six rebounds. John Henson (North Carolina) shot 70% from the field, which led to 14 points.

The East Team came back from an eight-point halftime deficit, due in large part to strong second half shooting (60%) and a 19-point advantage from their bench players. The 113–110 victory increases the East's lead to 18–14 in the overall series.

College career
Gallon was born and raised in Vallejo, California. He played high school basketball at Oak Hill Academy in Mouth of Wilson, Virginia. He played one season for the Oklahoma Sooners in 2009–10.

On December 31, 2009, in a game against the Gonzaga Bulldogs, Gallon shattered the backboard while attempting an alley-oop. While a freshman center for the Sooners, Gallon received a $3,000 wire transfer in August 2009, according to a document obtained by TMZ. The money was deposited in a bank account jointly held by Keith and his mom, Sylvia Wright. The money was sent from Jeffrey Hausinger, a Merrill Lynch financial adviser who reps several professional athletes. As a result, he was deemed "ineligible" by the NCAA. This forced Oklahoma to forfeit the entire 09–10 season.

Professional career
Gallon was selected with the 47th overall pick by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2010 NBA draft. He joined the Bucks for the 2010 NBA Summer League. On September 3, 2010, he signed with the Bucks. However, he was waived on October 6. On October 19, he signed with the Boston Celtics. However, he was waived on October 21.

On October 30, 2010, Gallon was acquired by the Maine Red Claws. On March 3, 2011, he was traded to the Bakersfield Jam.

In November 2012, Gallon was re-acquired by the Bakersfield Jam. In January 2013, he was waived by the Jam before appearing in a game for them.

In April 2013, Gallon joined Atléticos de San Germán of Puerto Rico. He left after 3 games.

On June 1 and 2 of 2013 he played for the Texas Lone Star Strikers against Portland Chinooks International Basketball League.

On December 30, 2013, Gallon was acquired by the Delaware 87ers. On April 23, 2014, he signed with the Henan Shedianlaojiu for 2014 NBL season.

On November 3, 2014, Gallon was reacquired by the 87ers. He was placed on the inactive list February 12, 2015 due to a season-ending injury and waived. On May 23, 2015, he re-signed with Henan Shedianlaojiu of China for the 2015 NBL season.

On February 8, 2017, Gallon signed with French club Limoges CSP. Seven days later, he left the club after not passing the tryout period.

On August 16, 2017, Gallon signed with the Aomori Wat's of the Japanese B.League for the 2017–18 season.

References

External links
Oklahoma Sooners bio
NBADraft.net Profile

1991 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American men's basketball players
Aomori Wat's players
Atléticos de San Germán players
Bakersfield Jam players
Baloncesto Superior Nacional players
Basketball players from Solano County, California
Centers (basketball)
Delaware 87ers players
Maine Red Claws players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Milwaukee Bucks draft picks
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Power forwards (basketball)
Sportspeople from Vallejo, California
Oak Hill Academy (Mouth of Wilson, Virginia) alumni

Tiny Gallon


If There Be Thorns is a 2015 television film based on the best-selling 1981 novel of the same name. It premiered on April 5, 2015 and was produced by Lifetime. Seeds of Yesterday is the sequel film based on the novel of the same name.

Plot

Six years after the end of Petals on the Wind, Cathy and Chris are happily married and living in California with Cathy's sons, Jory and Bart. Bart feels lonely and outshone by his older brother whom his parents seemingly favour. One day, a woman entirely dressed in black moves into the mansion next door and invites Bart and Jory over for tea and cookies. During this, she explains to them that she is rich but has no family except for her butler, John Amos. She takes a picture of them for a keepsake, and asks them to visit her often. Jory declines, but Bart agrees after she promises to give him anything he wishes for. Bart is curious as to why he has no other relatives, both he and Jory being aware that Chris is merely their step-father. Jory tells him that their maternal grandmother is in a mental hospital and that all of Chris's relatives are deceased. The woman lavishes treats and gifts on Bart, including a pet python, and eventually tells him that she is in fact his grandmother, Corrine. John Amos gives Bart a journal that belonged to his great-grandfather, Malcolm, and makes him promise never to reveal it to his family. Bart reads Malcolm's fanatical entries and writings, referring to beautiful women as sinful and degrading, which begins to leave a deep impression on him.

One night, Cathy places three beds in the house attic, which worries Chris about her behaving similarly to their mother. However, Cathy insists that she is only creating a back-up plan in case her and Chris's incestuous secret is ever exposed and they face the possibility of losing the children. She pleads with Chris to adopt Cindy, one of her ballet students, whose mother has died from cancer, and he agrees in order to calm her down about losing their family. Bart soon goes missing and the family discover him unconscious in the woods due to an infected cut on his arm, leading him to be hospitalized. Bart starts to suspect that his parents are keeping secrets from him, and he confronts Corrine over a painting of a boy who resembles Chris since he believed she had never met him. Corrine confesses that Cathy and Chris are both actually her children, leaving him horrified at his parents' incestuous relationship.

Bart starts to withdraw and lash out at his family, greatly worrying them. Bart begins to pressure Corrine to tell him about his biological father, about whom he knows nothing. John Amos continues to influence Bart regarding the sins and hypocrisy of the family, further straining his relationship with his parents and brother. Jory soon finds the family dog killed, and begins to believe Corrine responsible for the change in Bart. He tries to convince Bart to stay away from her, but Bart blackmails him into staying quiet and calls him weak for feeling emotion. Feeling pressured by Bart, Corrine admits that his biological father is her late second husband whom Cathy seduced to get back at her. Corrine then reveals how she wants Bart to become the child that she never got to have with his father, vengefully wishing to steal him away from her daughter.

Having become resentful towards Cindy since her adoption into the family, Bart attempts to drown her in the kiddie pool when she calls Cathy "mommy". However, he is stopped by Jory. As punishment, Chris locks him in the attic. Bart then begins to shout that they are "the devil's spawn" and that Chris is "fornicating with his sister". Realizing that he knows about their secret, Cathy and Chris desperately wonder how he could have found out. Bart is placed in a mental hospital and claims that it was Malcolm who tried to drown Cindy, leading doctors to suspect that he suffers from a mild case of schizophrenia. Jory goes to confront Corrine, who tells him that Cathy and Chris are siblings, which horrifies him. Jory then tells Chris that Corrine is living next door, and Chris goes to confront her. Corrine begs for Chris to forgive her and let her be part of her grandsons' lives, but what she wants most of all is to raise Bart as her own son. Chris rejects her and demands that she stay away from his family and children.

At Cindy's dance recital, Cathy sees Corrine in the audience and falls off the stage in shock, injuring her leg so severely that she is no longer able to dance. Jory's paternal grandmother, Marisha, comes for a visit upon hearing about Cathy's accident. However, she has learned about Chris and Cathy's true relationship and threatens to turn them in to the police for incest, wishing to take Jory into her own custody. Cathy is put on edge and argues with her, but Marisha insists that Jory's current living situation is unhealthy for him and points out how "nuts" Bart is. Bart, overhearing this, storms out of the house with Cathy chasing after him. He runs to John Amos, who tells him that if he cannot deal with the sins and hypocrisy of his family, then he should not be with Corrine either. John Amos tells him that she is a sinner just like his parents, due to her committing incest with her half-uncle, who was Cathy and Chris's father. Cathy goes to Corrine's mansion to find Bart, and finds a portrait of her siblings and herself. She confronts Corrine about involving herself in her children's lives and orders her to leave her family alone. Corrine pleads for forgiveness, but Cathy rejects her and blames her for ruining the life she and Chris worked so hard to build and maintain. Corrine asks Cathy if she truly does love Chris, which Cathy confirms and for which she blames Corrine.

During this, John Amos comes into the room, knocks both women out and forces Bart to lock them in the barn. Corrine wakes up, at which John Amos reveals his disgust over the family for their incestuous bloodline and his plan to burn them alive and finally end the "family's cycle of abomination". Bart, however, intervenes to save his family and soon runs off to get Chris. John Amos sets the barn on fire just as Chris and Bart arrive to rescue Cathy and Corrine. Believing that they are about to die, Corrine professes her love for her children, and Cathy embraces her, confirming her forgiveness. Chris rescues Cathy as Bart tries to save Corrine, but John Amos attempts to attack him. Corrine manages to stab him with an arrow which gives Bart enough time to escape, but she is unable to do likewise and burns to death alongside Amos. Realizing how much he loves his parents despite their history, Jory decides to remain with them and threatens his grandmother Marisha that he will never forgive her if she reports Cathy and Chris.

Afterwards, Bart calms down and even begins to form somewhat of a good relationship with adopted sister Cindy. Jory and Melodie make up their strained relationship and everything appears to be returning to normal again. However, Bart begins secretly dressing like Malcolm and still has his journal, hinting that he has not recovered from his madness.

Cast
 Heather Graham as Corrine Foxworth
 Rachael Carpani as Cathy Dollanganger
 Jason Lewis as Christopher Dollanganger
 Mason Cook as Bart Jr.
 Jedidiah Goodacre as Jory Marquet
 Emily Tennant as Melodie
 Mackenzie Gray as John Amos
 Glynis Davis as Marisha Marquet

 Robert Moloney as Malcolm Foxworth
 Bailey Skodje as Cindy
 Christine Lippa as Emma
 Veena Sood as Dr. Phillips

Sequel
Like the book, the film is followed by Seeds of Yesterday.

References

External links

Are you excited for 'If There Be Thorns,' the follow-up to 'Petals on the Wind' and 'Flowers in the Attic'? by Andrea Reiher

2015 television films
2015 films
Incest in film
Films based on American novels
Lifetime (TV network) films
Films scored by Douglas Pipes
Films directed by Nancy Savoca
Films set in the 1980s
Films set in 1982

If There Be Thorns (film)


Mulbagal or Mulabagilu is a town and taluk headquarters of Mulbagal taluk in the Kolar district in the state of Karnataka, India. It lies just off the National Highway 4 as the easternmost town of the state and a hill landmark.

History
One legend describes how the Hanumantha temple here was installed by Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, after the Mahabharata war. Sage Vasishta is believed to have installed the idols of the main deity Srinivasa, Padmavati and Rama-Sita-Lakshmana.

The history of Mulbagal was compiled by Benjamin Lewis Rice, in his book "The Gazetteer of Mysore" (1887).

In modern history, Mulbagal is mentioned as the site of the Battle of Mulbagal on 4 October 1768, during the First Anglo-Mysore War.

The name of the town "Mulbagal" comes from the Kannada word "Mudala Bagilu" which means the eastern door. First place in Karnataka where the sun rises. This town is located at the easternmost end of the Vijayanagara Empire. Many temples constructed by Vijayanagara rulers and Chola kings are seen here.

Geography
Mulbagal is at . It has an average elevation of 827 metres (2,713 feet).

Economy
The major sources of employment are in the agriculture, dairy, sericulture, floriculture and tourism-related industries. Farmers in Mulbagal are completely dependent upon borewell water for irrigation and drinking. Mulbagal is home to several famous temples, and is popularly known as the land of "Temple Places." Many transport and travel businesses set up their base here. Mulbagal has many sericuluture and vegetable trading markets, including potatoes, tomatoes (in Vadahalli), brinjal, beans, beetroot, carrots, chow-chow and cabbage. The state government of Karnataka acquired non-agriculture land for industrial development activities as part of an initial step the government proposed for a granite industries hub at Mulbagal taluk. Mulbagal is known for tobacco beedis. Many brands of beedis are produced and distributed to Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Muslim community is largely engaged in this business.

Infrastructure
Mulbagal is on NH-4, a newly-laid four-lane road from Bengaluru to Mulbagal Kolar district, with a total length of around 110 km. About 354 km of major roads connect other locations to this area. Indian Railways connectivity: Now, Mulbagal is getting a railway line and station under the project of Kadapa - Bangalore (Till Kolar) new railway line.

A pool of human resources is available as many polytechnic, vocational training (ITI), teacher training intuitions, and graduation (science, agriculture, commerce and arts) colleges are located near Mulbagal. Many IT and technical people who work in Bengaluru travel daily from Mulbagal to Bengaluru[citation needed] Adequate natural resources include granite and other types of rocks. The cost of living is less, and salary and wages are flexible.

Tourist attractions
There are many hills for trekking.

Kshetra Palaka Sri Anjaneya Temple

Anjaneya Swamy Temple is in Mulbagal. Tired after epic war, Arjuna went on a pilgrimage and brought his flag used during war consisting of an image of Vayu Putra. He established this temple in Mulbagal, which was then called Shathaka Vatipuri.

Sripadarajamutt and Narasimha Thirtha

The Narasimha tirtha is about 2 km from the town of Mulbagal towards the east on NH-4. It is the sacred place where Sri Sreepadaraaja Swamiji, or simply Sripadaraja a disciple of Saint Madhwacharya lived and had his vrindavan (sacred resting place for Hindu sages) made. It is now the headquarters of the Sripadarajamutt that he founded. There is a Swayamvyakta Yoga Narasimha temple near the vrindavan.

Someshwara Temple

Apart from the famous Hanuman 9Temple, this town has a Poorna Prasidda Someshwara Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The childless couples pray here for a child by making pradhakshinas.

Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal

Mulbagal is also sacred for Muslims as the dargah or mausoleum of Sufi Saint Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal. Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal or Syed Shah Baba Hyder Auliya Hussaini Suharwardi was a 12th-century Sufi saint of Suharwardi order. He was the disciple of Tabr-e-Aalam Baadshah Nathar Vali, of Tirchy. Both Muslims and Hindus worship at the dargah. Urs of Baba Hyder-e-Safdar is celebrated every year on 11th of Rajab (according to the lunar calendar).

Virupakshi Swamy Temple

Sri Virupakshi Swamy Temple is in Virupakshi village about 4 km from Mulbagal. This temple was built in the 13th century by Vijayanagara rulers and resembles the Virupaksheshwara Temple in Hampi. One family has been doing the pooja here since the temple was constructed, and dates back about eight generations.
The mythology tells that the Virupaskha ling was installed by great sage Atri Maharshi, father of Shriguru Dattatreya.
The linga changes its color in 3 ways from sunrise to sunset.

The temple complex also has goddess Bagulamukhi or Bagalamukhi devi temple. As per tantra, Bagulamukhi is one of the devi's of Dashamahavidya. She is keeper of Brahmaastra. One of the most powerful goddesses and its rare to find temple of such. It is believed that King Vikramaaditya built the Bagulamukhi temple at Virupakshi.

Venugopala swamy temple, Gujjanahalli

Located 14 km far from Mulbagal, it is on the way to Srinivasapura. There is an ancient temple of venugopala swamy''' built in Chola style temple. Pilgrims can visit this temple.Garuda Temple and Sri Prasanna Chowdeshwari Temple, KoladeviGaruda Temple is one of the ancient epic Ramayana-related temples located at Koladevi 18 km from Mulbagal national highway, 19 km from Srinivaspur and 4 km from Mudianur.  It was built under the supervision of Sri Ramanujacharya, but only came to light recently. Sri Prasanna Chowdeshwari Temple is 300 years old.Kurudumale, Maha Ganapathi Temple and Someshwara TempleKurudumale, 8 km northwest from Mulbagal, is famous for Lord Ganapati Temple. The idol of Ganapati is made of a single "Shaligram rock" and is about 21 feet from ground level. The idol and temple are estimated to be 5,000 years old.Sri Varadaraja Swamy Temple, UttanurThe great Saint Brugu Maharshi have built a Sri Varadaraja Swamy temple in Uttanur or Uthanur. The Uttanur is a called as a Uttama Kanchi. Every year in the day of Bharatha Hunime the Rathothsava will happening. It is importanat place for Saints for doing Japa Thapas. The Gangas build the Sri Uttameshwara Temple in Uttanur.Chowdeswaramma Temple, MandikalMandikal Chowdeswaramma temple is at least 1509 years old and popular for miracles, situated at a distance of 8 miles. Recently this temple has been renovated by devotees of nearing villages like, Mandikal, Koladevi, Gollahalli Harapanakana halli. Chowdeswaramma Dandakamu is famous chanting and one of ancient master piece of describing brave characters of mother Chamundi.Avani''

Known as the Gaya of the south, Avani has a cluster of Ramalingeshwara temple all within one courtyard dedicated to Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrugna as well as a Shankar Math built by the Nolamba dynasty. Legend has it, that the hill above was home to Valmiki's ashram, where Lava & Kusha were born and raised. GUNIGANTIPALYA. Ranaberamma temple gunugantipalya, Gangamma temple gunigantipalya circle

References

Other websites

 Official website of the town of Mulbagal
Towns in Karnataka

Mulbagal


Franz Fühmann (15 January 1922 – 8 July 1984) was a German writer who lived and worked in East Germany. He wrote in a variety of formats, including short stories, essays, screenplays and children's books. Influenced by Nazism in his youth, he later embraced (and renounced) socialism.

Life
Fühmann was the son of an apothecary in Rochlitz an der Iser (Rokytnice nad Jizerou) in the Karkonosze in Czechoslovakia. After Volksschule he attended the Jesuitenkonvikt Kalksburg near Vienna for four years, leaving in 1936 to attend the gymnasium in Reichenberg (Liberec), northern Bohemia. Fühmann took his Abitur exams in Vrchlabí. After the annexation of the Sudetenland by Germany, he joined the Sturmabteilung.

Fühmann was drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1941, and was a communications soldier in Greece and the Soviet Union. He was captured by Soviet forces in 1945 and sent to a communist rehabilitation school in Noginsk, near Moscow.

Fühmann returned from Soviet captivity to East Germany, where he lived for the rest of his life in Märkisch Buchholz and Berlin. He joined the National Democratic Party of Germany, one of the bloc parties, was active until 1958 and resigned from the party in 1972.

From 1952 until his death, Fühmann was a freelance writer. He mentored young writers, and spoke for those under East German repression. In 1976, Fühmann was among the first to sign a letter protesting the exile of Wolf Biermann. He received the 1956 Heinrich Mann Prize, the 1957 and 1974 National Prize of East Germany, the 1977 German Critics' Award and the 1982 Geschwister-Scholl-Preis, and was a member of the Academy of Arts, Berlin.

Work
Fühmann's work includes poems, translations of Czech and Hungarian poems, books for children and young adults, essays, stories, a ballet (Kirke und Odysseus) and a collaboration with a photographer (Was für eine Insel in was für einem Meer) about the developmentally disabled. He also compiled a volume of poems by rearranging parts a rhyming dictionary and furnishing it with headings.

Works for children and young people were important to Fühmann throughout his life, and he published his first children's book at the wish of his daughter Barbara. Among Fühmann's children's books are fairy tales, puppet plays, plays on the German language (Lustiges Tier-ABC, Die dampfenden Hälse der Pferde im Turm von Babel) and retellings of classical literature (Reineke Fuchs, Das Hölzerne Pferd [the Iliad and the Odyssey] and Prometheus [Die Titanenschlacht]), and he corresponded with many young readers.

Many of Fühmann's early short stories are autobiographical, and in Das Judenauto he describes memories of his childhood and youth. He later dealt with his involvement in Nazi Germany. The concept and the possibility of "change" (in his case, from a supporter of Nazism to a dedicated socialist) were especially important to Fühmann, and play a leading role in Zweiundzwanzig Tage oder Die Hälfte des Lebens (one of his major works, a spare diary of a trip to Hungary).

In his work, Fühmann emphasized fairly tales, sagas and myths. This preoccupation penetrates many of his books, from his children's books to his short stories (Das Ohr des Dionysios) and essays. With the latter, Fühmann encouraged the publication of authors whose work had rarely appeared in East Germany (such as Georg Trakl and Sigmund Freud).

Beginning with Zweiundzwanzig Tage, Fühmann increasingly criticized the socialist society of East Germany. In a number of letters and later speeches, he attempted to convince East German politicians to change their policies regarding culture. This attitude became more visible in his work, especially in Saiäns-fiktschen. He withdrew from his connections to cultural politics in East Germany, such as the Schriftstellerverband der DDR (Writers' Union of East Germany) and the Akademie der Künste. In later life he began to despair of the political conditions in East Germany (as reflected in his correspondence with Christa Wolf, Monsieur – wir finden uns wieder), and was unable to finish his long-planned magnum opus (which he called Bergwerksprojekt in his letters and notes). It was published posthumously in 1993 as Im Berg, with the subtitle (added by himself) Fragments of a Failure. Fühmann said a year before his death, "I have cruel pains; the bitterest is having failed in literature and in the hope for a society as we all once dreamt it."

The Academy of the Arts in Berlin has administered Fühmann's literary estate. His library (consisting of about 17,000 volumes, with many notes and underlinings) is part of the Historische Sammlungen of the Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin. His work still interests young artists (such as Barbara Gauger), and the Franz Fühmann Freundeskreis Märkisch Buchholz in Berlin illustrates its extent.

Bibliography

Literature for children and young adults
 "Die Suche nach dem wunderbunten Vögelchen" ("The Search for the Wonderfully-Colored Little Bird") (short story). Der Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin (1960)
 "Lustiges Tier-ABC" ("Merry Animal Alphabet") (lyrical poem). Der Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin (1962)
 Das hölzerne Pferd: die Sage vom Untergang Trojas und von den Irrfahrten des Odysseus. Nach Homer und anderen Quellen neu erzählt (The Wooden Horse: The Saga of Troy's Decline and the Wandering of Odysseus. New Narrative from Homer and Other Sources). Neues Leben, Berlin (1968)
 Shakespeare-Märchen (Shakespeare Tales). Der Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin (1968)
 Prometheus: Die Titanenschlacht (Prometheus: The Titanic Battle) (novel). Der Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin (1974)
 Die dampfenden Hälse der Pferde im Turm von Babel (The Steaming Necks of the Horses in the Tower of Babel). Der Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin (1978) (reprint: Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2005)
 Schlipperdibix und Klapperdibax! (Two Clown Pieces). Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock, 1985 (second edition 1989)
 Märchen auf Bestellung (Fairy Tales) edited by Ingrid Prignitz. Hinstorff, Rostock (1990)

Poems and fairy tales
 "Die Fahrt nach Stalingrad" ("The Trip to Stalingrad") (poem). Aufbau, Berlin (1953)
 Die Richtung der Märchen (The Direction of Fairy Tales). Aufbau, Berlin (1962)
 Miklós Radnóti: Ansichtskarten (Picture Postcards). Volk und Welt, Berlin (1967)

Stories
 Kameraden (Comrades) (novella). Aufbau, Berlin (1955)
 Kabelkran und blauer Peter (Cable Crane and Blue Peter). Hinstorff, Rostock (1961)
 Böhmen am Meer (Bohemia by the Sea) (novella). Hinstorff, Rostock (1962)
 Das Judenauto (The Jewish Car) (short stories). Aufbau, Berlin (1962)
 "Barlach in Güstrow" (short story). Hinstorff, Rostock (1963)
 König Ödipus (King Oedipus) (short stories). Aufbau, Berlin (1966)
 Zweiundzwanzig Tage oder Die Hälfte des Lebens (Twenty-Two Days, or Half a Life) (diary). Hinstorff, Rostock (1973)
 Der Geliebte der Morgenröte (The Lover of Aurora) (short stories). Hinstorff, Rostock (1978)
 Saiäns-fiktschen (short stories). Hinstorff, Rostock (1981)
 Kirke und Odysseus (ballet). Hinstorff, Rostock (1984)
 Das Ohr des Dionysios (The Ear of Dionysus) (posthumous short stories), edited by Ingrid Prignitz. Hinstorff, Rostock (1985)

Essays
 Das mythische Element in der Literatur (The Mythical Element in Literature). Revised and expanded in: Erfahrungen und Widersprüche. Versuche über Literatur (Experiences and Contradictions: Essays About Literature). Hinstorff, Rostock (1975)
 Vor Feuerschlünden. Erfahrung mit Georg Trakls Gedicht (From the Fiery Jaws: Experience with Georg Trakl's Poetry). Hinstorff, Rostock (1982)
 Meine Bibel; Erfahrungen (My Bible: Experience). Reclam, Leipzig (1983)

Other literary forms
 Was für eine Insel in was für einem Meer. Leben mit geistig Behinderten (What Kind of Island in What Kind of Sea: Life with the Developmentally Disabled) (photographs by Dietmar Riemann). Rostock: Hinstorff (1985)
 Die Schatten. Hörspiel (The Shadows) (radio play, edited by Ingrid Prignitz). Rostock: Hinstorff (1986)
 Urworte. Deutsch. Aus Steputats Reimlexikon (Primitive Words [German] From 'Steputat's Rhyming Dictionary), edited by Ingrid Prignitz. Rostock: Hinstorff (1988)
 Alkestis. Libretto (edited by Ingrid Prignitz). Rostock: Hinstorff (1989)

Collections
 Im Berg. Texte aus dem Nachlaß (In the Mountain: Works From the Estate), edited by Ingrid Prignitz. Rostock: Hinstorff (1991)
 Prometheus. Die Zeugung (Prometheus: The Procreation), edited by Sigurd Schmidt. Rostock: Hinstorff (1996)
 Das Ruppiner Tagebuch (The Ruppin Diary). Rostock: Hinstorff (2005)
Autorisierte Werkausgaben in Einzelbänden. Rostock: Hinstorff (1977–1988)
 Erzählungen 1955–1975 (1977)
 Gedichte und Nachdichtungen (1978)
 Das Judenauto, Kabelkran und Blauer Peter, Zweiundzwanzig Tage oder Die Hälfte des Lebens (1979)
 Irrfahrt und Heimkehr der Odysseus, Prometheus, Der Geliebte der Morgenröte und andere Erzählungen (1980)
 Reineke Fuchs, Märchen nach Shakespeare, Das Nibelungenlied, Märchen auf Bestellung (1981)
 Essays, Gespräche (Essays 1964–1981) (1983)
 Vor Feuerschlünden. Erfahrung mit Georg Trakls Gedicht (1984)
 Simplicius Simplicissimus, Der Nibelunge Not und andere Arbeiten für den Film (1987)
 Unter den PARANYAS (Dream Experiences and Notations) (1988)

Letters
 Briefe. 1950–1984. Eine Auswahl (Letters 1950–1984: A Selection), edited by Hans-Jürgen Schmitt. Rostock: Hinstorff (1994)
 Monsieur – wir finden uns wieder. Briefe 1968–1984 (Monsieur – We Find Ourselves Again: Correspondence with Christa Wolf), edited by Angela Drescher. Berlin: Aufbau (1995)
 Margarete Hannsmann: Protokolle aus der Dämmerung. 1977–1984. Begegnungen und Briefwechsel zwischen Franz Fühmann, Margarete Hannsmann und HAP Grieshaber (Protocols from the Dawn, 1977–1984: Meetings and Correspondence Between Franz Fühmann, Margarete Hannsmann and HAP Grieshaber). Rostock: Hinstorff (2000)
 Briefe aus der Werkstatt des Nachdichters. Mitgeteilt vom Addressaten Paul Kárpáti (Letters from the Workplace of the Nachdichter: Communicated by the Addressee, Paul Kárpáti). Leipzig, Budapest: Engelsdorfer Verlag, Argumentum Kiadó (2007)

Filmography
Films based on Franz Fühmann's works, or for which he wrote the script:
 Betrogen bis zum jüngsten Tag (Duped Till Doomsday) (1957): Directed by Kurt Jung-Alsen (with Rudolf Ulrich and Wolfgang Kieling) from Kameraden
 Die heute über 40 sind (1960): Directed by Kurt Jung-Alsen (with Rudolf Ulrich). Script: Franz Fühmann
 Der Schwur des Soldaten Pooley (The Oath of Soldier Pooley) (1962): Directed by Kurt Jung-Alsen. Script: Franz Fühmann
 Die Suche nach dem wunderbunten Vögelchen (1964): Directed by Rolf Losansky (with Lieselott Baumgarten and Fred Delmare) from the children's story of the same name
 Köpfchen Kamerad (1965): Directed by Otto Holub (with Fred Delmare). Script: Franz Fühmann
 Der verlorene Engel (The Lost Angel) (1966): Directed by Ralf Kirsten from the novella, Das schlimme Jahr
 Das Geheimnis des Ödipus (The Secret of Oedipus) (1973–74): Directed by Kurt Jung-Alsen. Script: Franz Fühmann
  (1991): Directed by Rainer Simon (with Matthias Habich and Jan Josef Liefers) from the short story, "König Ödipus"

References

Further reading
 Born, Arne. Fühmanns Offener Brief vom November 1977. Ein Postulat und seine Unterdrückung. Mit unveröffentlichten Schriftstücken (Fühmann's Public Letters from November 1977: A Postulant and His Oppression, With Unpublished Writings). In Berliner Hefte zur Geschichte des literarischen Lebens (Berlin Journal of the History of Literary Lives) 3 (2000), pp. 81–115.
 Heinze, Barbara (editor). Franz Fühmann: eine Biographie in Bildern, Dokumenten und Briefen (Franz Fühmann: A Biography in Pictures, Documents and Letters). Foreword by Sigrid Damm. Rostock: Hinstorff Verlag, 1998.
 Richter, Hans. Franz Fühmann. Ein deutsches Dichterleben (Franz Fühmann. A German Poet's Life). Berlin: Aufbau Verlag, 1992.
 Robinson, Benjamin. The Skin of the System: On Germany's Socialist Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2009.
 Sachse, Christian. Der schwarze Stoff, aus dem die Wahrheit ist. Franz Fühmann auf der Suche nach seiner Wahrheit (The Black Stuff From Which Truth Comes: Franz Fühmann on His Search for Truth). In: Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbundes SED-Staat (Journal of the SED State Research Union) Nr. 15/2003.
 Simon, Horst (editor). Zwischen Erzählen und Schweigen. Ein Buch des Erinnerns und Gedenkens. Franz Fühmann zum 65. (Between Stories and Silence: A Book of Memories and Memorials—Franz Fühmann to 65) Rostock: Hinstorff, 1987 (contains a biography and reviews of his work)

 Wagner, Irmgard. Franz Fühmann. Nachdenken über Literatur (Franz Fühmann: Thinking About Literature). Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitärsverlag, 1989.

External links
 Literature by and on Franz Fühmann in the catalog of the German National Library
 Fühmann page of the Fühmann Friends Circle
 Interview amongst others in the newspaper Glossen
 Einblick in die Bibliothek Franz Fühmann (A Glimpse in Franz Fühmann's library) (pdf)
 Rolf Schneider: Der Tanz auf dem Seil (The Dance from the Soul) (SPIEGEL special 10/1995 from 1 October 1995, Page 23)

1922 births
1984 deaths
People from Rokytnice nad Jizerou
Sudeten German people
National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany) politicians
East German writers
German essayists
German male essayists
German-language poets
German male poets
Sturmabteilung personnel
German Army soldiers of World War II
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union
Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
Heinrich Mann Prize winners
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze
20th-century essayists

Franz Fühmann


Stephen K. Sanderson (born November 15, 1945) is an American sociologist. His area of focus includes comparative sociology, historical sociology, sociological theory and sociocultural evolution. He is a specialist in sociological theory and comparative and historical sociology and is one of the leading sociologists to develop an evolutionist, yet non-Darwinist, understanding of human society. He has written or edited ten books and about sixty peer-reviewed articles, and is the author of numerous articles and many books, including Evolutionism and Its Critics.

He was a professor of sociology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Since 2007 he has been a visiting scholar at the Institute for Research on World-Systems at the University of California, Riverside.

Sanderson received a PhD from the University of Nebraska in 1973.

See also
Robert L. Carneiro

References

External links
Homepage

1945 births
American sociologists
Living people
Indiana University of Pennsylvania faculty
University of California, Riverside faculty
University of Nebraska alumni

Stephen K. Sanderson


The Greatest Hits Tour was the third concert tour by Irish and British girl group Girls Aloud, in support of their first greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits. Girls Aloud returned to Northern Ireland and Ireland, having not performed there on 2006's Chemistry Tour. The band performed sixteen dates in various arenas across the United Kingdom and Ireland, making it their second arena tour. The Greatest Hits Tour kicked off in Cheryl's hometown of Newcastle on 14 May 2007 and concluding in near Nadine Coyle's home in Belfast on 2 June 2007. Girls Aloud also performed seven open-air concerts over the summer.

The show was divided into five unique sections with distinct costumes, including the encore. Girls Aloud descended onto the stage from the ceiling as they performed "Something Kinda Ooooh". They performed fourteen of the fifteen singles they had released at the time, as well as a couple of album tracks and a Dirty Dancing medley. A number of songs were also remixed or reworked.

The tour received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics, who praised Girls Aloud's original songs but criticized the number of cover versions and the show's lack of budget. Critics also noted Girls Aloud's provocative attire. Much like the greatest hits album, The Greatest Hits Tour was a commercial success. The Greatest Hits Tour remains Girls Aloud's only tour not to receive a video release.

Background and development
The initial tour dates were announced on 10 November 2006, although pre-sale started two days earlier. Due to the demand, extra dates in Newcastle and Glasgow and a date in Aberdeen were added. The group made a return to both Northern Ireland and Ireland, after failing to perform in either country on the Chemistry Tour. The announcement of the tour, the recording of their fourth studio album and an accompanying tour for the following year helped to stop rumours that the band were splitting up, which had surfaced due to the release of their greatest hits album.

Girls Aloud also performed festival and summer open air dates at Liverpool Summer Pops and T4 on the Beach.

Concert synopsis
The show began with the dancers wearing military style outfits performing a choreography routine before Girls Aloud lower down to the stage, wearing black leather police costumes and open the show with "Something Kinda Ooooh". They reach the actual stage after Cheryl's opening verse is repeated, and the first chorus. This is then followed by "Wake Me Up", before they welcome the audience to the show. Their 2007 Comic Relief single "Walk This Way", sees a battle between Girls Aloud and the dancers, both teams remaining on each side of the stage, opposite to each other. The first section is then complete with a performance of "Jump" which has an extended outro as they girls and dancers lower off the stage at the top of the staircase.

After the costume change interlude is over, Girls Aloud return to the stage wearing summer style tops with shorts, hot pants or skirts and commence the concert with their second single "No Good Advice". "Long Hot Summer" sees the girls dance the routine holding fans. "Whole Lotta History" has them suspended above the stage sat on the platform used for their entrance, but covered with a pink sheet. Once back on the stage, they perform a Medledy of songs from the film Dirty Dancing. Sarah Harding and Nadine Coyle take lead in "Do You Love Me?". Kimberley Walsh sings "She's Like The Wind" with Nicola Roberts as back up, and Cheryl and Nicola Roberts take lead vocals in "(I've Had) The Time of my Life". The girls do the signature lift from the movie during "Time Of My Life". This ends the summer-themed second act.

The 3rd section takes a gangsta theme and the girls return to the stage wearing black & white gangsta suits, singing their #1 debut single "Sound Of The Underground", performing the signature choreography with microphone stands. This is then followed by a reggae remix of "Life Got Cold" as the girls sit on the staircase. They perform two songs from their What Will The Neighbours Say? album: "Graffiti My Soul", which has choreography performed with black canes and "Real Life".

The penultimate section of the concert takes a cabaret theme as the girls return to the stage wearing cabaret dresses and sing their single "I Think We're Alone Now" which received a Big Band remix. They perform "I'll Stand By You" at the top of the staircase rotating on a large circular platform. The album track "Money" is then performed followed by "Love Machine", which featured a dance break. Cheryl shouts STOP! and everyone else on stage freezes as Cheryl walks to a bar placed on stage, drinks some alcohol, belches, returns to her place and then restarts the song. Girls Aloud then say goodbye, implying that the concert is over.

The encore begins with Girls Aloud lying in beds to commence the concert with "The Show". The base of the beds on one side is hollow which hides the dancers until they are revealed by Girls Aloud pulling back the sheets and the dancers sitting up. Girls Aloud wore purple silk dressing gowns with black ties, which are taken off to reveal black dresses with purple belts. The concert is then completed by an extended version of "Biology" before Girls Aloud say goodbye and leave the stage.

Opening acts
 Rogue Traders
 Natalia
 Misha Williams

Setlist
The following set list is representative of the shows in May 2007. It is not representative of all concerts for the duration of the tour.
"Something Kinda Ooooh"
"Wake Me Up"
"Walk This Way"
"Jump"
"No Good Advice"
"Long Hot Summer"
"Whole Lotta History"
Medley: "Do You Love Me"/"She's Like the Wind"/"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
"Sound of the Underground
"Life Got Cold"
"Graffiti My Soul"
"Real Life"
"I Think We're Alone Now"
"Money"
"I'll Stand by You"
"Love Machine"
"The Show"
"Biology"

Tour dates

Critical response
The show received generally favorable reviews from music critics. Dave Simpson of The Guardian gave the show three stars out of five. He chastised the covers, saying Girls Aloud "fare best when they are playing their own songs." Lisa Verrico of The Times also awarded the concert three stars out of five and shared a similar point of view to Simpson. She wrote, "The band's smartest, sassiest, least conventional songs struggled to ignite the Newcastle crowd, while tacky covers and tawdry ballads went down a storm." Verrico also felt "big idea after big idea was let down by its budget."

Girls Aloud's provocative attire received attention. "They are wearing the shortest shorts in pop", wrote The Guardian's Simpson. "There are also eye-watering glittery dresses, vaguely S&M leather get-ups and gangster's moll clobber for a fabulous Sound of the Underground."

References

2007 concert tours
2007 in British music
Concert tours of the United Kingdom
Concert tours of Ireland
Girls Aloud concert tours

The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud)


Kanarraville ( ) is a town in Iron County, Utah, United States. The population was 355 at the 2010 census.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 311 people, 125 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.0 people per square mile (266.8/km2). There were 155 housing units at an average density of 344.9 per square mile (133.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.50% White, 1.61% Native American, 0.96% from other races, and 1.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.50% of the population.

There were 125 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 19.3% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,375, and the median income for a family was $38,906. Males had a median income of $25,938 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,773. About 10.0% of families and 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20% under age 18 and 38% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.

Kanarraville is located adjacent to the southwest end of Cedar Valley; it is also at the base of the Hurricane Cliffs, on the town's east border.

Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kanarraville has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

History
Kanarra, later renamed Kanarraville, on Kanarra Creek, was first settled in 1861 and 1862. It was named for Piute Chief Canarrah or Quanarrah, but settlers spelled it Kanarrah or Kanarra. Its settlers were families driven from Fort Harmony when the fort had to be abandoned after most of its adobe walls were washed away during a month of heavy rains in January and February, during the Great Flood of 1862. New Harmony in Washington County was the other settlement created by refugees from this disaster.

See also

 List of cities and towns in Utah

References

External links

Towns in Iron County, Utah
Towns in Utah
Populated places established in 1861
1861 establishments in Utah Territory

Kanarraville, Utah


Litteraria Pragensia Books (LPB) is an independent press based at the Centre for Critical and Cultural Theory at the Philosophy Faculty of Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Active since 2002, LBP has been periodically releasing new titles from the world of contemporary poetics, literature, critical theory & cultural studies. It is staffed by an international editorial board of professors, including Louis Armand (writer) (Prague), Michael Groden (Western Ontario), Marjorie Perloff (Stanford), Ondrej Pilny (Prague), Martin Prochazka (Prague), Jean-Michel Rabaté (Pennsylvania), and Clare Wallace (Prague). 2012 marked the release of LPB's fortieth book title. Additionally, LPB annually publishes the international poetics and arts magazine VLAK.

LPB has published work by Slavoj Zizek, Hélène Cixous, Bernard Stiegler, Gayatri Spivak, Stephan Greenblatt, Jerome J. McGann, Natalie Zemon Davies, Mark Amerika, Roy Ascott, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Mark Poster, McKenzie Wark, Gregory L. Ulmer, Geert Lovink, Arthur & Marilouise Kroker, Benjamin H. Bratton, Zoe Beloff, Darre006E Tofts, Donald F. Theall, Johanna Drucker, Hartmut Winkler, Lisa Jarnot, Niall Lucy, Rebecca D'Monte, Simon Critchley, Christian Bok, Mairead Byrne, Laurens De Vos, Johannes Birringer, Thomas Docherty, Richard Kearney, J.H. Prynne, Jena Osman, Michael Farrell, Allen Fisher, Vincent Katz, Kyle Schlesinger, Stephanie Strickland and John Wilkinson, among others.

Journals
Litteraria Pragensia (Editor-in-Chief: Martin Prochazka; biannual) (ISSN 0862-8424)
HYPERMEDIA JOYCE STUDIES (Electronic Journal of James Joyce Scholarship ) (Editor: David Vichnar; biannual) (ISSN 1801-1020)
VLAK (Contemporary Poetics and the Arts) (Editors: Louis Armand, Edmund Berrigan, Carol Watts, David Vichnar, Clare Wallace; biannual)
RHIZOMES (Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge) (Editors: Ellen E. Berry, Carol Siegel; biannual) (ISSN 1555-9998)

References

External links
 Official Litteraria Pragensia website
 Facebook page
 Issuu LPB releases
 VLAK magazine

Book publishing companies of the Czech Republic
Charles University
Mass media in Prague
Publishing companies established in 2002
2002 establishments in the Czech Republic

Litteraria Pragensia


Naming conventions of the Tamilakam in the Sangam literature have been one of the foremost concerns of Tamilology. The Surnames of the Caṅkam Age: Literary & Tribal, published in 1968 sought to offer one of the earliest treatments in this area.

Background
The Cankam literature is thematically divided into akam and puram. The poets worked under a convention of anonymity, not exposing the names of the heroes, heroines and friends in their poems, particularly in the former, in order to underline the universality of the feelings expressed in their poetry.

Tolkappiyam classifications
The Tolkāppiyam identifies ten categories of names. An̲n̲i Mirutalakumāri Tāmacu claims to have completely revealed the basis on which the Tamils adopted their names.

Wilden classifications
Eva Wildern identifies four types of names found in the Sangam literature: proper names, proper names connected with a name of a place or a dynasty, proper names with epithets and imagery names. This convention was codified in the  Tolkāppiyam.

Tantaipeyar

This tradition involves firstly having the father's name followed by one's own name. This system was carried even into the medieval period.

Examples include cēramān, meaning "son of Chera" composed of cēra and makan, or vēlmān, meaning "son of Vel" composed of vēl and makan.

Fives parts of a name
The convention is remains that dynastic name is followed by the proper name. However, in the case of distinguished persons, there may be up to five parts to it.

Parimelazhagar (c. 13th century) codified the Classical-era conventions in his explanation of the correct name of Yanaikatchai Mantaran Cheral Irumporai as Kōccēramān Yāṇaikkaṭcēi Māntarañcēral Irumpoṛai. Kō meaning 'king' signifying his official title; Cēramān is the dynastic name; Yāṇaikkat 'Elephant-eyed' is a distinctive feature; Cēi is the iyatpeyar, or proper name; and Irumporai is an appellate.

Another example is Malayamān Cōzhiya Ēnati Tirukkaṇṇan. Malayamān is the dynastic name; Cōzhiya, "of the Chola Nadu; 'Ēnati" is the title of conferred by the King to the chief of the army in a ceremony known as Ēnatippatiyam; and Tirukkaṇṇan is his iyatpeyar, or proper name.

Dynastic name
Poets spoke to kings about the need for children for carrying on the family or dynastic name.

The dynastic or family name acts as a prefix and occurs before the actual name.

Titles
Some titles such as 'Kō' meaning 'king' were acquired, while others were conferred by the King. Three titles particularly renowned were known as Etti, Enati and Kaviti.  Talaikkoli, Peraiyan and Marayan are a few of the other titles bestowed to eminent personalities in consideration to their talents in particular fields.

See also
Tamil naming conventions, for Tamil naming conventions in modern times

References

Bibliography

Tamil
Tamil history
Tamilakam
Tamilakam

Naming conventions of the Tamilakam