Brick Academy is the nickname for a Federal-style brick building built in 1809 to meet the growing needs of the Basking Ridge Classical School located in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. That school existed prior to 1799, at least 10 years before the construction of this building in 1809.  The brick building was constructed for the elementary school run by local Presbyterian pastor, Rev. Robert Finley.  This was about halfway through Rev. Finley's time at Basking Ridge.  During the time he ran the school, attendance grew from fewer than 12 to an average near 25 students, and sometimes as high as 40 students.  Students came from near & far, mostly from prominent families.  The school was a high end preparatory school for boys who generally continued on to the College of New Jersey, later (in 1896), known as Princeton University.   In 1817, Rev. Finley quit Basking Ridge to briefly become president of the University of Georgia in Athens, GA.  By 1828, the "Brick Academy" corporation was formed and the building continued use as a private, then public school in 1853, before being used for other purposes.

The nickname "Brick Academy" is often misused to include students who actually attended the "Basking Ridge Classical School" (prior to 1828).  It is also used inappropriately to include students at that school prior to the construction of the brick building, later known as "the Brick Academy".  Samuel Southard is frequently cited as having attended the "Brick Academy" in Basking Ridge, however he graduated Princeton in 1804 - fully 5 years prior to the construction of the brick building later known as the Brick Academy.

After many years of service as a private boys' school, the Brick Academy later served as a public school, and then as a meeting hall for several fraternal and benevolent organizations, and the Bernards Township municipal building.  (See timeline below.)   In 1976 the Township leased the Brick Academy to The Historical Society of the Somerset Hills which uses the historic building for its headquarters and public meetings, and operates a museum, one room schoolhouse for local history, and research room.   That organization offers an online virtual tour of the Brick Academy.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1976 for its significance in education, philosophy, and religion.

Notable students
 Samuel Lewis Southard (1787-1842), served as U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, and the 10th Governor of New Jersey.
 Theodore Frelinghuysen, United States Senator, Whig candidate for Vice President in 1844, and president of Rutgers College
 William Lewis Dayton, United States Senator, Republican candidate for Vice President in 1856, and Minister to France during the Civil War
 Commodore Robert Field Stockton, hero of the Mexican War

Timeline
1795-8 Basking Ridge Classical School founded(?) by Reverend Robert Finley with students boarding locally or with Dr. Finley
1809 Brick Academy is constructed as the home of the Basking Ridge Classical School
1817 Rev Finley leaves NJ and travels to Athens GA to become president of University of Georgia, about a month before his death.
1828 Basking Ridge Brick Academy Company incorporated
1853 School District #12 in Basking Ridge opens in the Brick Academy building as a public school.
1896 College of New Jersey changes name to Princeton University as part of the sesquicentennial celebrations.
1904 The Brick Academy is sold to the Ancient Order of United Workmen (1904-1925) Junior Order of United American Mechanics
1924 Bernards Township, New Jersey rents building for municipal offices
1948 Bernards Township buys building for continued use for municipal offices
1975 Bernards Township government moves to former Astor estate at 1 Collyer Lane
1976 Township leases Brick Academy to The Historical Society of the Somerset Hills
1976 Brick Academy listed on National Register of Historic Places
2008 Dedication and opening of the top floor of the Brick Academy restoration effort. (November 11, 2008)

2009 Brick Academy Bicentennial celebration

See also
List of museums in New Jersey

References

External links

Bernards Twp 250th Anniversary Celebration web site
Princeton University - Parent's Handbook  See the History of Princeton section.

Bernards Township, New Jersey
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Buildings and structures in Somerset County, New Jersey
Museums in Somerset County, New Jersey
History museums in New Jersey
Education museums in the United States
Schoolhouses in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Somerset County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places

Brick Academy


Thathi Bhai is a village in Tehsil Bagha Purana, District Moga in Punjab, India.

Location
Thathi Bhai lies in-between small towns Kotkapura and Bagha Purana. It acts as merging point for bus routes from Kotkapura, Moga (via Bagha Purana) and Bathinda (via Bargari or Bhagta Bhai ka).

Thathi Bhai () is located at the Moga-Bathinda and Moga-Faridkot district border-line, so it is distanced about same from Moga and Bathinda i.e. 32  km and 45  km respectively. Thathi Bhai falls under Bagha Purana tehsil.

Thathi Bhai resides in Tehsil Bagha Purana and comes under 'Halka' Bagha Purana during elections as well, and Darshan Singh is current MLA from halka Bagha Purana.

Religion and Caste

Former name of this village was ' Thathi Kapoor Wali ' because the village was founded by Shaheed Kapoor Singh Gill . He belonged to Majhbi Sikh(Gill) family. For the purpose of multiplying the population of the village, they invited other castes like as Jatt-Sikhs, Mahjans, Mistari, Chimba Sikhs, chumar and few others to live in Thathi Bhai. The lands for living and agriculture were divided by Majhbi Sikh Gills i.e. the founder families .  The village has a Founders memorial place for Kapoor Singh Gill, which is situated on Dera Sahib road.

Total population of village as recorded in 2010 is about Five Thousand . By religion, Village demographics is largely dominated by Sikh population.

About Village

The Village has 3 Government schools (1 Government Senior Secondary School and 2 Government Primary Schools) and a Private public school named Guru Nanak Public School, Gurdwara Sahib, Vishvkarma Temple and Dera sahib, Civil Medical hospital and a Civil Veterinary dispensary, drug stores, youth clubs for development of village, Nestle Dairy station/center, a petrol pump. Although Agriculture is main profession for people to earn for their lives, a number of people are Government employees working as Teachers and Policemen etc.

Recently a public library named Manav Chetna Library has been installed above Namdev Bhavan (ਨਾਮਦੇਵ ਭਵਨ).
Apart from that village has two dharmshala's (Inn), one main dharmshala and other Kingra JattSikh's dharmshala, one panchayat bhawan.

Mrs. sukhdeep kaur is the present day Sarpanch of the Village.

Sports and Other activities

Village has its own sports club that includes a playground and gym. The most commonly played games are cricket, volleyball and kabaddi. Thathi Bhai also has a cricket club, the Thathi Bhai cricket club, a volleyball team and kabaddi team. Every year at occasion of Vaisakhi, village hosts a Volleyball tournament in which teams from villages nearby are invited to compete .

Teams from the village have participated in State Level Science Congress held in Chandigarh on multiple occasions.

Bhagwan Singh Gill, an athlete from the village, recently made national news after winning bronze medal (rowing) in the Asian Games.

References

Moga, Punjab
Villages in Moga district

Thathi Bhai


Robert Marinus Lyden (May 28, 1942 – January 17, 1986) was a child actor in the 1950s.

Robert Lyden made his film debut in 1949 with Holiday Affair and also played with Doris Day in the musical film I'll See You in My Dreams (1951). The child actor is probably best-known for his role as the young space cadet "Bobby" on the 1954 science fiction television show Rocky Jones, Space Ranger. After Rocky Jones (which lasted only two seasons), he made a few more television appearances, and had roles in some feature films. He had a short role in The Searchers (1956), in which he played John Wayne's nephew Ben. Also notable was his performance as a young Creighton Chaney in Man of a Thousand Faces, the 1957 biopic about Lon Chaney starring James Cagney. This turned out to be Lyden's last role; he left show business and pursued a career in finance.

Filmography

References

External links

American male child actors
American male television actors
American male film actors
1942 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American male actors

Robert Lyden


Crystal City Independent School District is an American public school district based in Crystal City, Texas.

In addition to Crystal City, the district also serves the communities of Chula Vista, Amaya and Loma Grande. The school mascot is the peccary (officially the "Javelina").

Schools
Crystal City High School (Grades 9-12)
Sterling Fly Junior High School (Grades 7-8)
Benito Juarez Middle School (Grades 5-6)
Lorenzo de Zavala Elementary School (Grades 2-4)
Tomás Rivera Elementary School (Grades PK-1)

External links

School districts in Zavala County, Texas


Bisto is a popular and well-known brand of gravy and other food products in the United Kingdom and Ireland, currently owned by Premier Foods.

History
The first Bisto product, in 1908, was a meat-flavoured gravy powder which rapidly became a bestseller in the UK. It was added to gravies to thicken them and give a richer taste and aroma. Invented by Messrs Roberts & Patterson, it was named "Bisto" because it "Browns, Seasons and Thickens in One".

Bisto Granules, which dissolve in hot water to form a gravy substitute, were introduced in 1979.

As of 2005, Bisto Gravy Granules had a British market share of over 70%. Nearly all British grocery outlets stock a Bisto product.

Products
As of 2022, in addition to the original gravy powder the company also produces the following products.

Gravy granules range

 Beef
 Beef (reduced salt)
 Beef (gluten-free)
 Chicken
 Chicken (reduced salt)
 Chicken (gluten-free)
 Turkey
 Vegetable
 Onion
 Southern style
 American hot & spicy
 Swedish Style Meatball
 Pigs In Blankets (bacon flavour; 2022 limited edition)

Bisto Best range
In 1991, Bisto launched a new, more expensive granules product. Packaged in a glass jar, it offered a fuller flavour than the standard granules.

 Beef
 Beef (reduced salt)
 Chicken
 Chicken (reduced salt)
 Turkey
 Pork
 Lamb
 Vegetable
 Caramelised Onion

Gravy pots range
A range of ready to use microwavable pots.

 Chip Shop Gravy
 Chip Shop Curry Sauce
 Spicy Pepper Sauce
 Katsu Curry Sauce

Sauce mixes range

 Cheese sauce
 Parsley sauce
 White sauce
 Curry sauce

Frozen foods
Produced under licence by Kerry Foods except where stated.

 Yorkshire puddings (manufactured by Greencore)
 Cottage pie
 Bangers and mash
 Roast chicken dinner
 Roast beef dinner
 Shepherd's pie
 Beef in gravy
 Spaghetti bolognese
 Meat free spaghetti bolognese
 Roast lamb dinner
 Chips in curry sauce
 Chilli con carne
 Lasagne

Advertising

Bisto is notable both for the age of its brand and for the advertising campaigns it has used. In 1919, the Bisto Kids (created by illustrator Will Owen (1869–1957)) appeared in newspapers and soon became popular. The Bisto Kids were a boy and girl in ragged clothes, who would be illustrated catching the odour of Bisto on the breeze and exhale longingly, "Ah, Bisto!"

The Bisto Kids were also part of more elaborate advertising campaigns in later years. The Bisto Kids have not been included in Bisto advertising since 1996.

Many Bisto adverts shown on television through the years on British and Irish television are available on websites such as YouTube, Dailymotion, Classic TV Adverts, Retro TV Adverts, History of Advertising Trust, Vimeo and TV Ark.

1930s
In Birmingham in the 1930s a competition was held to choose a name for the two Bisto twin characters, a boy and a girl smelling Bisto's gravy. The competition was won by Mr and Mrs Simmonds, who named the twins after themselves, calling them Bill and Maree.

1950s
During the 1950s "Bisto For All Meat Dishes" was one of their first television advertisements.

1960s
During the 1960s adverts included "Pass The Gravy Pass The Bisto" and "Does Cooking Proud". At the end of the decade television adverts changed from monochrome to colour. Bobby Moore featured in the first colour advert for Bisto gravy in 1969.

1970s
During the 1970s popular advert phrases included "Where there's Meat theres Bisto" and "Brown Seasons And Thickens All in One" in a series of family adverts shown on television with celebrities such as Gordon Banks, Anita Harris, Henry Cooper, John Pertwee, Billy Bremner, Dick Emery, Terry Wogan and Alan Ball.

1980s
During the 1980s, the company released a series of ads in the UK which featured a song that included the recurring phrases like, "You Can't Kid A Bisto Kid" adverts that featured 1) Sandcastles 1980, 2) Bisto kids jumping out the window, also Bisto kids jumping off a slide in 1981 and 3) Family in 1982, "Much More Ahh" series with Lysette Anthony and Tarzan in 1984, Monkey's and Ghosts in a Halloween edition in 1985, "Never in a month of Sundays" series of 3 adverts 1) Car in the 1983 advert, 2) Mole featured Chris Wilkinson in the 1984 advert and 3) Music Playing in 1985 advert, "Now You're Home" an advert with a bus and school dinners ran (1987–1990), "Only Bisto Puts The Ahh into Gravy", "Insist On Bisto" was a series of family adverts, rectory and bistro, "For A Winner Of A Dinner" shown in Ireland only in 1987 and "When It's Dry Let It Pour".

In 1984 RHM Foods launched a nationwide competition to find children to act the role of the Bisto Kids, the recurrent "The Bisto Kids of the Year Awards".  The first ever competition was won by Hayley Griffiths and Jimmy Endicott from Doncaster. They were six years old at the time and became the faces of Bisto, both for public relations and marketing events, and also appeared in an advert shown on prime time TV to find the next Bisto Kids.

Bisto sponsored the ITV Telethon in 1988.

1990s
Adverts for Bisto gravy during the 1990s included the Dean Martin song Memories Are Made Of This. Other phrases were "Real Gravy in No Time at All", Vanessa Williams in a series of adverts called Save the Best for Last for Bisto Best range (1993–1996) and "It Put's The Ahh into A Meal" series (1990–1992) and a series with Julie Walters (1996–1998). In a 1993 advert for Bisto Fuller Flavour Gravy Granules a young couple for dinner on a train featured the Orient Express just before rebranded as Bisto Best.

2000s
During the 2000s adverts including in the early part of the decade "Gravy Matters" series of adverts (1999–2002) in Great Britain only, 100 years in 2008, Make A Great Meal Special shown in Ireland only.

2010s
During the 2010s adverts including "Now You're Talking".

The company sponsors the Bisto Book of the Year Awards in the Republic of Ireland.

The latest campaign for Bisto encourages families to sit up at the table for one night a week to eat 'proper' food.

Ownership
Bisto has had several owners since its creation.  It is currently owned by Premier Foods, which acquired Bisto when it bought Rank Hovis McDougall in March 2007 to form the largest UK foods manufacturing company.

Competition
Bisto's main competitor is Goldenfry Foods Ltd, which makes a branded gravy as well as most supermarket own-brand gravies.

References

External links
Bisto website

British brands
Premier Foods brands
British condiments
Brand name condiments
Instant foods and drinks

Bisto


Antonia "Tonia" Machaira (; born May 21, 1971) is a retired Greek swimmer, who specialized in sprint and middle-distance freestyle events. She represented Greece in two editions of the Olympic Games (1996 and 2000), and later helped the Greeks capture the silver medal in the freestyle relay (3:48.74) at the 2001 Mediterranean Games in Tunis, Tunisia.

Machaira attended the Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois, where she majored in nutrition and played for the Southern Illinois Salukis under head coach Rick Walker. While swimming for the Salukis, she posted career bests in the 100-yard freestyle (50.64) and 200-yard freestyle (1:48.31), both of which stood for more than a decade in the school's record books.

Machaira made her official debut, as a 25-year-old, at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. She failed to medal in any of her individual events, finishing fourteenth from a consolation final in the 200 m freestyle (2:03.19), thirty-first in the 100 m freestyle (57.92), and thirty-fourth in the 400 m freestyle (4:24.05). In the 4 × 100 m medley relay, Machaira, along with Katerina Klepkou, Aikaterini Sarakatsani, and Marina Karystinou, finished twenty-second from the prelims in a final time of 4:24.80.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Machaira drastically shortened her program, swimming only in the 100 m freestyle. She achieved a FINA A-standard of 56.17 from the European Championships in Helsinki, Finland. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat five, including U.S. legend and top favorite Dara Torres. With one swimmer scratching out of the race in her heat, Machaira edged out Austria's Judith Draxler on the final lap to pick up a sixth seed by 16-hundredths of a second in 57.24. Machaira failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed twenty-fifth overall in the prelims.

At the 2001 Mediterranean Games in Tunis, Tunisia, Machaira helped the Greeks captured a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay with a sterling time of 3:48.74.

References

External links
2000 Olympic Profile – Eideisis Ellinika

1971 births
Living people
Greek female swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Greece
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Greek female freestyle swimmers
Swimmers from Athens
Southern Illinois Salukis women's swimmers
Southern Illinois University alumni
P.A.O.K. swimmers
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Greece
Swimmers at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in swimming

Antonia Machaira


Memories of Prague is a public artwork by American artist David Louis Rodgers, the Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields (IMA), which is near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana.

Description
This artwork is composed of two limestone elements, each being hand-carved by the artist.  The upper element is a three-sided openwork triangular that sits on the second element, a cylindrical pedestal.  The top form looks twisted as it loops over the open space like a handle.  The bottom part of the "handle" which contacts the pedestal is flattened out into an oval.

The artwork is carved out of a very porous and stratified Indiana limestone.  The colors range from mute grays to browns.

Historical information
In 1981 Rodgers was chosen to create Memories of Prague as a memorial to Louisa K. Valentine.  Valentine was born in Prague but moved to escape the war in 1945.  She met her husband, Joseph Valentine, while he was stationed overseas, and when the war was over they moved to the Indiana.  Mrs. Valentine loved the Indianapolis Museum of art, volunteering regularly.  In 1978 she died, and in her honor her family commissioned an artwork that was to be displayed in the IMA's collection.  The specifications were for the artist to be a Hoosier, it was to be made from Indiana limestone, and the title must have to do with Prague.

When Rodgers was selected to make the artwork, he was faculty member of the Interior Design Program at IU of Pennsylvania in Indiana, Penn.  He communicated directly with Robert Yassin during the planning stages of the commission.  In 1981 Rodgers was hoping to make a sundial, but the design had to be scrapped because the funds provided were not enough to cover the complexities involved in the construction of such an object.  A few years later his dream of making a sundial became possible with a large commission by Crown Hill Cemetery as the Equatorial Sundial.  For the Valentine commission, Rodgers ended up carving a Mobius strip-styled arch which recalled the arched doorways and bridges common in Prague.

According to Rodgers, "the Valentine Memorial emerged as an expression of continuity and fulfillment as those of involved in it attempted to grasp the understanding that death completes life and that we as survivors retain within us something of the essence of the people with whom we spend our lives.  The creation of a memorial provides the occasion for people to join together, if they choose to, to begin a search for an expression that will in the end be a celebration of many distilled remembrances, which are the essence of intimate contact."

Location history
The artwork has been on constant view at the top of the landing of the outdoor amphitheater since 1985.

Acquisition
Memories of Prague was received at the IMA in May 1985.  It was accessioned the same year, and in November the artwork was given a dedication ceremony, also in honor of Mrs. Valentine.

Artist
Rodgers is an Indiana native who went to IU to become an astronomer.  Partway through earning his degree, he switched to art (painting) and it wasn't until he was in graduate school that he set his mind on becoming a sculptor.  In 1968 Rodgers earned his MFA, and he then moved to New Mexico to teach art.  In 1971 he returned to Indiana, teaching stone-carving workshops including a class at Bedford-North Lawrence High School.  Throughout his career, he designed, created, installed, and otherwise assisted in the making of site specific artworks.

He has taught at many universities in the United States, and was faculty at Valdosta State University until 2008.

See also
 List of Indianapolis Museum of Art artworks
 Save Outdoor Sculpture!

References

Outdoor sculptures in Indianapolis
Sculptures in the Indianapolis Museum of Art
1985 sculptures
Limestone sculptures in Indiana
1995 establishments in Indiana

Memories of Prague


The Queensland Competition Authority (QCA) is an independent statutory authority that  promotes competition as the basis for enhancing efficiency and growth in the Queensland economy. It was established by the Government of Queensland in 1997.

The QCA is governed by a four-member board. The Minister responsible for administering the Queensland Competition Authority Act  1997 (the QCA Act) is the Treasurer of Queensland.

Functions
The QCA's primary role is to ensure monopoly businesses operating in Queensland, particularly in the provision of key infrastructure, do not abuse their market power through unfair pricing or restrictive access arrangements.

Responsibilities
The QCA's main responsibilities under the QCA Act are:

Monopoly prices oversight
The QCA uses pricing and other regulatory arrangements, based on sound economic and commercial principles, to encourage monopoly businesses to operate responsibly in the absence of normal competitive market forces.

Prices oversight prevents government and non-government monopolies or near-monopolies from abusing their market power by charging excessive prices for their products or services – because they either have no competitors or existing ones are ineffective.

The QCA may investigate the pricing practices of such monopolies or monitor their pricing practices, depending on the referral from the Queensland Treasurer. The QCA only performs these functions on request from the Treasurer.

The monopoly prices oversight powers of the QCA enable consumers to enjoy market prices, while businesses still earn a reasonable investment return – thus ensuring a beneficial outcome for all.

Third party access
Essential infrastructure that underpins economic activity should be accessible to all potential users.

The QCA regulates third party access to essential infrastructure so as to support competition by enabling competitors (i.e. 'third parties') to access infrastructure that cannot be economically duplicated, such as electricity and gas distribution systems, water storage and distribution systems, rail tracks and ports. As an example, in the Queensland rail sector, they ensure track owned by Aurizon Holdings may also be used by other transport operators. This provides customers, such as coal miners, with options regarding the haulage of their product.

By opening up access, competition is enhanced in related markets such as electricity and gas retailing and rail transport.

Competitive neutrality
The principle of competitive neutrality requires that government business activities competing in the market with non-government or private-business activities do not gain an unfair competitive advantage by virtue of being government-owned.

Their potential advantage could result from being exempt from any of the following:
 Commonwealth or state taxes and tax equivalent payments
 debt guarantee fees
 the procedural or regulatory requirements of the federal, state or local governments.

The principle of competitive neutrality does not extend to competitive advantage arising from factors such as business size, skills, location or customer loyalty.

General issues
Apart from the specific responsibilities outlined above, the QCA has a range of general responsibilities. In particular, under section 10(e) of the QCA Act, Ministers can direct the QCA to investigate and report on matters relating to competition and industry.

Responsibilities outside the QCA Act
The responsibilities, in addition to those under the QCA Act, include:
 setting retail electricity prices under the Electricity Act 1994 for regional Queensland
 enforcing customer protections under the Electricity Industry Code and the Gas Industry Code
 applying competitive neutrality principles to local government business activities under the Local Government Act 2009.

See also

 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
 List of Queensland government agencies

References

External links

Competition regulators
Government agencies of Queensland
Government agencies established in 1997
1997 establishments in Australia
Consumer organisations in Australia
Regulatory authorities of Australia
Economy of Queensland

Queensland Competition Authority


Haddeby is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the south bank of the Schlei, southeast of Schleswig. The seat of the Amt is in Busdorf. It was named after the now ruined medieval trading settlement Hedeby.

The Amt Haddeby consists of the following municipalities (population in 2005 between brackets):

Borgwedel (714)
Busdorf * (2,023)
Dannewerk (1,072)
Fahrdorf (2,578)
Geltorf (422)
Jagel (944)
Lottorf (194)
Selk (809)

References

Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein

Haddeby


A measure word is a word or morpheme (the smallest meaningful unit in a language) that shows how much of something there is.

In English, measure words are used to show amounts of something that cannot be easily counted, also called uncountable nouns or mass nouns. For example, a person cannot usually say, "I have three gasolines", since gasoline is not easy to count. However, a person can measure how much gasoline there is or count how many containers are used to hold gasoline. In other words, people can say, "I have three gallons of gasoline", "I have three liters of gasoline", or "I have three tanks of gasoline."

In English, count nouns are their own measure words. A person can say "I have three cars" or "cars have four wheels". The nouns do not need any extra words because the nouns themselves are easy to count. Measure words can also be used to describe groups of countable nouns. For example, a group of cattle is called "a herd of cattle" and a group of fish is called "a school of fish."

In many East Asian languages, like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, measure words must be used to count both mass nouns and count nouns. Unlike in English, a person cannot simply say "three cars" or "four wheels" in Chinese. The nouns in both phrases need a measure word. In Chinese a person must say "three (vehicle) car" (三辆车) and "four (thing) wheel" (四个轮).

Parts of speech

Measure word


Simut or Samut ("Son of Mut") was an ancient Egyptian priest who held the position of Second Prophet of Amun towards the end of the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. He is known from a number of objects, including his (now lost), Theban tomb chapel Tomb A.24.

He started his career as a wab priest in the temple of Amun and a porter of the god's processional shrine. In the 20th regnal year of Amenhotep he was already the Fourth Prophet of Amun, which means he was the fourth highest ranking priest in the most influential priesthood of the era. He was appointed Second Prophet in Year 34, it is likely that the previous holder of the title, Anen, the pharaoh's brother-in-law died around this time. Simut was also treasurer ("Overseer of the House of Silver") and "sealer of every contract in Karnak". His son also served Amun, as a wab priest.

He is depicted in the Theban tomb of Vizier Ramose among the mourners. His own tomb was discovered in the nineteenth century, but its location has since been lost.

References

Sources
 David O'Connor, Eric H. Cline: Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign. University of Michigan Press, 2001.

Prophets of Amun
People of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
14th-century BC clergy
14th-century BC Egyptian people

Simut


Frederick Mackay Trapnell (July 9, 1902 – January 30, 1975) was a United States Navy admiral and aviation pioneer.  Trapnell was the first US Navy pilot to fly a jet aircraft, was considered the best, most experienced naval test aviator of his generation, co-founded the branch's first test pilot school, and played a pivotal role in both the development of future Naval aircraft and the survival of the post-World War II Navy's air arm. In 2015, Trapnell was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.

Trapnell was also a cousin of Bataan Death March survivor, LTG Thomas J. H. Trapnell and his nephew, the noted hijacker, Garrett Brock Trapnell.

Early life
Frederick Trapnell was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, to Benjamin Trapnell of Charles Town, West Virginia, and Ada Probasco of Ohio. Trapnell came from a prosperous family with a long military tradition.  His father and several cousins attended the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland—although Benjamin's military career was cut short by an infamous hazing incident. Several other cousins were officers in the United States Army as was his brother, Wallace Probasco Trapnell, who served in the Signal Corps. Following his father, Trapnell attended the Naval Academy, graduated, and was commissioned an ensign in 1923. After serving for two years at sea on board the battleship USS California and the cruiser USS Marblehead, Trapnell was assigned to Naval Air Station Pensacola in 1926 for flight training, thus beginning his career as a naval aviator.

Naval aviator
Trapnell reportedly had "a natural flying ability" and "a firm grasp of aerodynamics." While at Pensacola, he flew in a variety of aircraft, gaining significant experience and further honing his skills. In 1930, he was transferred to Naval Air Station Anacostia in Washington, D.C. In June of that year, along with two other pilots, he was assigned to a new unit, the Three Flying Fish, the Navy's first official aerial demonstration team. Flying specially modified Curtiss F6C-4 biplanes, they traveled around the nation performing intricate, aerobatic exhibitions.

The team was disbanded in April 1931, and Trapnell was soon assigned to the small plane unit attached to the Navy's dirigible airfleet. From 1932 to 1934, he served on the airship  at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in New Jersey and her sister,  at Naval Air Station Sunnyvale, California. At the latter installation, he was responsible for re-engineering the apparatus for hooking up aircraft while in flight as well as a rewriting the procedure. In 1938, Lt. Trapnell flew in a squadron of eighteen bombers from San Diego, California, to Honolulu, Hawaii, in what was "the greatest over-ocean formation flight" to date.

LCDR Trapnell returned to Anacostia in 1942 as the chief of the Test Flight Section.  Two years later, and with promotion to commander, he relocated with the section to the new Naval Air Test Center in Maryland.

With World War II raging, Trapnell dedicated himself to redesigning flight testing and procedures. He initiated a series of lectures and classes to familiarize pilots not only with the rudiments of flying but to learn the intimate details of flight engineering, performance, stability, and control. He required that the aviator know every aspect of his aircraft under all conditions.

So respected was Trapnell's knowledge and ability that, in 1942, he was personally requested by Roy Grumman to evaluate the new Grumman F6F Hellcat, the Navy's answer to the lethal Japanese Zero. Circumventing the usual testing procedures, Grumman had Trapnell take the fighter on a crash program. "He came to the factory and flew the prototype F6F. It suited him, as I remember, except for the longitudinal stability ó he wanted more of that. We built it in and rushed into production without a Navy certificate on the model. We relied on Trapnellís opinion. His test flight took less than three hours. Iím not sure we ever got an official OK on the Hellcat design." Trapnell later gained valuable knowledge of what the Hellcat and its predecessor, the Wildcat, were up against after performing extensive tests in a captured Zero recovered from a crash that same year.

Trapnell's unit continued to test a host of American and British aircraft and was responsible for many innovations. Following Trapnell's recommendations after months of testing, engineers at Vought Aviation extensively redesigned a new fighter already under development, the famous F4U Corsair. Of the F7F Tigercat, Trapnell is reputed to have exclaimed: "It's the best damn fighter I've every flown." 1943 saw Trapnell on temporary duty assignment at the Muroc Army Air Field in California for secret testing. On April 21, he became the first naval aviator to pilot a jet aircraft, the Bell XP-59A Airacomet, the first such plane built in the United States. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to captain.

For the remainder of the war Trapnell served in the fleet, commanding two squadrons and an escort carrier. In October 1944, he became chief of staff to RADM Arthur Radford, Commander Carrier Division Six, overseeing the remaining air strikes and amphibious landings in the Pacific theater.

Naval Test Pilot School

In 1946, Trapnell was back at NATC as test coordinator and shepherding the monumental changes in engineering, testing, and other procedures ushered in by jet aircraft.  This included vastly upgrading and regularizing the unofficial Test Pilot School that had been in existence since the Test Flight Section had arrived in 1944–45. Serving as acting commander of NATC for six months in 1947 afforded Trapnell the opportunity to make substantial changes. Working with chief project engineer CDR Sydney Sherby and with the backing of RADM Apollo Soucek, Trapnell devised a plan for an official test pilot program which was approved on January 22, 1948, by ADM John D. Price, the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations. The Test Pilot Training Division began formal operation in April of that year under the direction of Sherby.

Continuing his affiliation with the school, Trapnell assisted Sherby in selecting the candidates who would compose the first class, which begun on July 6, 1948. He also helped to outfit the school by procuring desks and other material.  A collection of some 550 technical books that he had amassed over time became its first library.  Additionally, Trapnell contributed to the school's highly popular textbook, Airplane Aerodynamics, writing its foreword.

In June 1949, Trapnell once again became commander of NATC. He also received the Octave Chanute Award that summer for  "showing outstanding ability not only in flying every type of aircraft but also in detecting critical defects in new airplanes and suggesting ways to deal with them." His work on carrier-based aircraft was particularly noted. In October of that year, Trapnell appeared before the House Armed Services Committee during the Revolt of the Admirals incident, where he provided crucial testimony on behalf of naval aviation.  A reporter, covering the event for Time, observed that the famed aviator "ha[d] probably flown more types of planes than any other U.S. pilot."

Post aviator career
Trapnell was appointed as commanding officer of the aircraft carrier , effective April 29, 1950. He immediately put his extensive aviator experience to use in order to increase efficiency. Among other innovations, Trapnell revised the system and apparatus utilized for carrier take-offs, considerably streamlining the amount of time expended for the procedure.

In February 1951, he was promoted to rear admiral and became- in March- deputy commander of both Sandia Base and the Field Command Armed Forces Special Weapons Project at Albuquerque, New Mexico. He served in this capacity until suffering a debilitating heart attack in April 1952.  That September, Trapnell medically retired with the rank of vice admiral.

After the Navy, Trapnell worked as a consultant for Grumman Aircraft for the next 23 years and became a sailing enthusiast.  On April 1, 1976, the air field at Naval Air Station Patuxent River was officially named "Trapnell Field" in his honor.  At the dedication ceremony, keynote speaker ADM Frederick H. Michaelis, Chief of Naval Material, said:
Vice Admiral Trapnell was a pioneer test pilot whose calculated daring and prophetic vision
served to advance the science of naval aviation test and evaluation. ëGet the numbersí was the
watchword of the test pilots he trained and led. His contributions to aviation were enormous.

In 1986, Trapnell was inducted into the Naval Aviation Hall of Honor.

Family
Trapnell was married to his first wife, Mary Elizabeth Belcher, in 1929; they had one son Frederick Mackay Trapnell.  His second marriage, in 1936 to Alice Moffitt, produced one son, Herbert Wallace. Both marriages were to women of socially prominent West Coast families; the Trapnells made several appearances in articles covering socialite circles usually involving festivities in Coronado, an affluent city near San Diego.

Trapnell's extended family had a degree of public attention—both famous and infamous—attached to it. His father Benjamin had been discharged from the Navy while a midshipman at the Naval Academy after an incident aboard the academy's training vessel, the , in August 1883.  In the first such trial of its kind, Benjamin Trapnell and several others were convicted of hazing younger midshipmen.

Benjamin later served as a United States Attorney for West Virginia under the second Cleveland Administration. During a banquet given by former residents of Charles Town, WV at the St. Denis Hotel in New York, he caused a public stir when he lambasted the McKinley Administration's policies in regards to newly acquired territory from the recently concluded Spanish–American War.

Trapnell's distant cousin Joseph likewise had a brief and ironic public appearance, Joseph, then a captain for Eastern Airlines, foiled an attempted hijacking of his own aircraft. A Cuban refugee attempted to commandeer the plane, en route from Chicago to Miami, but was overpowered by the pilot and co-pilot.

Notes

External links
 Davis-Monthan Air Register – Biography containing more details of Adm. Trapnell's flight history.

1902 births
1975 deaths
People from Elizabeth, New Jersey
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy vice admirals
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Military personnel from New Jersey

Frederick M. Trapnell


Duncan Kennedy (born December 20, 1967) is an American luger who competed from 1979 to 1997. He is best known for being the first American to win a Luge World Cup event when he won at the Sigulda track in November 1991 in the Latvia. Kennedy's best overall finish in the Luge World Cup was second twice, earning them in 1991–92 and 1993–94.

Competing in three Winter Olympics, Kennedy earned his best finish of tenth in the men's singles event at Albertville in 1992.

After retiring from competitive luge due to bleeding around the brain stem, Kennedy became a development coach for USA Luge, a position he still holds as of 2008. He was named a coach of the year for USA Luge in 2002.

During the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics Kennedy served as a television commentator for the luge competitions for NBC Sports in the United States.

References
1988 luge men's singles results
1992 luge men's singles results
1994 luge men's singles results
December 16, 1997 Washington Post article on Kennedy's retirement prior to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. - accessed April 1, 2008.
List of men's singles luge World Cup champions since 1978.
USA Luge.org contact information on all important people, including Kennedy.  - accessed April 1, 2008.
US Olympic Committee article on Kennedy's 2002 coach of the year honors.  - accessed April 1, 2008.
US Olympic Committee article 2004 article on the Top eleven moments during the first 25 years of USA Luge, including Kennedy's 1991 World Cup win.  - accessed April 1, 2008.
Can Duncan do it? - accessed January 6, 2022.

1967 births
American male lugers
American television personalities
Male television personalities
Living people
Lugers at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Olympic lugers for the United States

Duncan Kennedy (luger)


Jira ( ) is a proprietary issue tracking product developed by Atlassian that allows bug tracking and agile project management.

Naming
The product name comes from the second and third syllables of the Japanese word pronounced as Gojira, which is Japanese for Godzilla. The name originated from a nickname Atlassian developers used to refer to Bugzilla, which was previously used internally for bug-tracking.

Description
JIRA was an open source tool available for anyone to download. Its popularity drove thousands of users to adopt it within organizations across the globe. Unlike IBM Engineering Management Platform, JIRA is primarily for use in small teams and individuals, not large projects or enterprises. Subsequently, the product was taken off of open-source servers somehow. Atlassian created a business around this product.
According to Atlassian, Jira is used for issue tracking and project management. Some of the organizations that have used Jira at some point in time for bug-tracking and project management include Fedora Commons, Hibernate, and the Apache Software Foundation, which uses both Jira and Bugzilla. Jira includes tools allowing migration from competitor Bugzilla.

Jira is offered in four packages:
 Jira Work Management is intended as generic project management.
 Jira Software includes the base software, including agile project management features (previously a separate product: Jira Agile).
 Jira Service Management  is intended for use by IT operations or business service desks.
Jira Align is intended for strategic product and portfolio management.

Jira is written in Java and uses the Pico inversion of control container, Apache OFBiz entity engine, and WebWork 1 technology stack. For remote procedure calls (RPCs), Jira has REST, SOAP, and XML-RPC interfaces. Jira integrates with source control programs such as Clearcase, Concurrent Versions System (CVS), Git, Mercurial, Perforce, Subversion, and Team Foundation Server. It ships with various translations including English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish.

Jira implements the Networked Help Desk API for sharing customer support tickets with other issue tracking systems.

License
Jira is a commercial software product that can be licensed for running on-premises or available as a hosted application.

Atlassian provides Jira for free to open source projects meeting certain criteria, and to organizations that are non-academic, non-commercial, non-governmental, non-political, non-profit, and secular. For academic and commercial customers, the full source code is available under a developer source license.

Security
In April 2010, a cross-site scripting vulnerability in Jira led to the compromise of two Apache Software Foundation servers. The Jira password database was also compromised. The database contained unsalted password hashes, which are vulnerable to rainbow attacks, dictionary lookups and cracking tools. Apache advised users to change their passwords. Atlassian themselves were also targeted as part of the same attack and admitted that a legacy database with passwords stored in plain text had been compromised.

Evolution
When launched in 2002, Jira was purely issue tracking software, targeted at software developers. The app was later adopted by non-IT organizations as a project management tool. The process accelerated after the launch of Atlassian Marketplace in 2012, which allowed third-party developers to offer project management plugins for Jira. BigPicture, Scriptrunner, Advanced Roadmaps (formerly Portfolio), Structure, Tempo Planner, and ActivityTimeline are major project management plugins for Jira.

See also

 Comparison of issue-tracking systems
 Comparison of project management software
 List of collaborative software

References

External links

2002 software
Atlassian products
Bug and issue tracking software
Java (programming language) software
Project management software
Task management software
Collaborative software

Jira (software)


Gemma Louise Prescott (born 25 September 1983 in Truro) is a British Paralympian track and field athlete competing in F32 throwing events. Prescott represented England in the 2010 Commonwealth Games, taking the bronze medal in the SP shot put. She has represented  the Great Britain team twice in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.

Career history
Prescott was born in Truro in 1983. Prescott, who has cerebral palsy, attended Great Sankey High School. She was introduced to athletics after being invited to a 'have a go' day at the age of 15. Prescott explored wheelchair racing and swimming before settling on the throwing events and was invited to compete at the DSE National Junior Championships in Blackpool in 1998. After leaving school, Presott matriculated to the University of St Andrews, where she graduated with a master's degree in mathematics.

In 2005 Prescott entered the Paralympic World Cup taking gold in the F32 discus and silver in the F32 shot. In 2008 qualified for Great Britain team at the Beijing Paralympics. She entered into the discus and shot put finishing 7th and 8th respectively.

In 2010, she was selected for the England team for the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. She entered in the shot put, the only women's throwing event for athletes with a disability at the tournament. Prescott threw 5.54m which was good enough to take the bronze medal. 2010 also saw her take gold at the German National Disability Championships. Prescott also made the decision in 2010 to begin the switch from discus to the club throw, as the F32 discus had been dropped from the 2012 Summer Paralympics' programme. Her personal best at the club throw at the end of the season was a distance of 14.52m achieved in Stoke at a BWAA International.

The next year she was selected to represent Great Britain at the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand. She entered both the shot put and club throw, finishing 7th in the shot, but took the bronze medal in the club throw with a new personal best of 16.40m. Prescott improved her club further five months later, throwing 17.18 at the BWAA Grand Prix in Stoke. In 2012, she was selected for the Great Britain team at the Summer Paralympics, entering the club throw and F32 shot put. She had improved on her personal best in the club going into the Games, with a 19.62m throw at Chelmsford in May. In the Paralympic club throw finals she threw 20.50m for 1015 points, a British and European record, taking the bronze medal.

She finished in 7th place in the women's club throw F32 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
English female shot putters
British female shot putters
British female club throwers
British club throwers
Track and field athletes with cerebral palsy
Sportspeople from Truro
Paralympic athletes for Great Britain
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Paralympic bronze medalists for Great Britain
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
World record holders in para-athletics
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
People educated at Great Sankey High School
Sportspeople from Cheshire
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games

Gemma Prescott


Sir William Henry Ellis, GBE (20 August 1860 – 4 July 1945) was a British civil engineer and steel maker.

Ellis was born on 20 August 1860 in Pitsmoor, Sheffield, Yorkshire. He was the son of John Devonshire Ellis (1824–1906) and, his wife, Elizabeth Bourne. In 1889 Ellis married Lucy Rimington, the daughter of Francis William Tetley who was a director of Joshua Tetley & Son, the brewery in Leeds.  Together they had two sons and two daughters. Ellis was a steel maker and in 1914 was elected Master Cutler, the head of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire and ambassador of industry for Sheffield. His tenure as Master Cutler, a position which usually changes each year, lasted until 1918 due to the outbreak of the First World War. In 1918 he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Engineering by the University of Sheffield.

Ellis was elected president of the Institution of Civil Engineers for the November 1925 to November 1926 session. On 28 June 1926 he was appointed by the Home Secretary, William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford, to sit on a commission which had been established to enquire into the conditions of mining and drainage in the county borough Doncaster in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The commission was a tribunal of inquiry as established by the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act of 1921 and was to establish what effect mining had had on drainage in the area, what the current efficiency of land drainage systems was and how best to manage the issue in the future. At the time of the inquiry Ellis was a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, and hence entitled to use the title of "Sir". His wife, Lucy, died in 1938 and by 1942 he was living in Ecclesall, Sheffield. Ellis died on 4 July 1945.

References

Bibliography

1860 births
1945 deaths
People from Pitsmoor
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
British civil engineers
Master Cutlers

William Henry Ellis (engineer)


Candida is a genus or grouping of yeasts. Yeasts are a type of fungus. This group of fungi are the most common cause of fungus infections in the world. Most people have or are exposed to this group of fungus but are not sick. If a person is weak because of another illness, this fungus can cause disease. Candida albicans is the most common kind of Candida. Infection with this fungus is called candidiasis or thrush. Other species in this group can be found in the human gut.

People can get a blood infection from this fungus.

Medicines called antibiotics do not cure yeast infections.  In fact, an antibiotic can make a Candida infection worse. Women can get a Candida infection in their vagina.  Men can also get a Candida infection in their genital area. If a person takes antibiotics for a long time, they have a greater chance of having a Candida infection.  People with diabetes or HIV are more likely to get a yeast infection.

Role as a pathogen

This fungus can be grown in a lab. Candida looks like large, round, white or cream circles that smell like bread. Candida can be found on almost all healthy skin.  Dry skin has less fungus. Small numbers of this fungus are found in other areas of the body.  These are the nose, throat and lungs; the digestive system and the vagina. This is normal.

When this fungus causes disease in the mouth it is called thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis). When this fungus causes disease in the female reproductive organs it is called vaginal candidiasis or just 'yeast infection'. Thrush is common in people who wear dentures.

Treatment
In people without other illness, a candida infection can be cured with skin ointment or medicine that can be swallowed.  Skin medications can be bought over-the-counter without a doctor's prescription. In people who are already sick, candidiasis can become a very serious illness.  It can cause abscess, thrombophlebitis, heart infection (endocarditis.  It can cause infections of the eyes or other organs.  Candida infection can get into the body through cuts in the skin.

Species
Other medically important Candida species are C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. dubliniensis.

 C. albicans
 C. ascalaphidarum
 C. amphixiae
 C. antarctica
 C. argentea
 C. atlantica
 C. atmosphaerica
 C. auris
 C. blattae
 C. bracarensis
 C. bromeliacearum
 C. carpophila
 C. carvajalis
 C. cerambycidarum
 C. chauliodes
 C. corydali
 C. dosseyi
 C. dubliniensis
 C. ergatensis
 C. fructus
 C. glabrata
 C. fermentati
 C. guilliermondii
 C. haemulonii
 C. humilis
 C. insectamens
 C. insectorum
 C. intermedia
 C. jeffresii
 C. kefyr
 C. keroseneae
 C. krusei
 C. lusitaniae
 C. lyxosophila
 C. maltosa
 C. marina
 C. membranifaciens
 C. mogii
 C. oleophila
 C. oregonensis
 C. parapsilosis
 C. quercitrusa
 C. rhizophoriensis
 C. rugosa
 C. sake
 C. sharkiensis
 C. shehatea
 C. temnochilae
 C. tenuis
 C. theae
 C. tolerans
 C. tropicalis
 C. tsuchiyae
 C. sinolaborantium
 C. sojae
 C. subhashii
 C. viswanathii
 C. utilis
 C. ubatubensis
 C. zemplinina

References

Other websites

Fungi

Candida


John Deere 3020 is a tractor that was manufactured by John Deere as part of its New Generation series from 1964 to 1972. The 3020 is nearly identical to the John Deere 3010 model that it replaced. It has a wheelbase of 90 inches, and a fuel capacity of 29 gallons. It was offered with three different engine options including a 3.7L 4-cyl gasoline engine, a 4.4L 4-cyl diesel and a 3.7L 4-cyl LP gas engine all produced by John Deere.  The 3020 was rated at 71 horsepower.  Transmission options included the standard Synchro Range transmission that offered 8 forward speeds and two reverse speeds and an optional eight speed power shift transmission.  Several different tread options were offered by John Deere on the 3020 including, standard, narrow front Row Crop, narrow front Row Crop with "Roll-O-Matic", wide front Row Crop, Row Crop Utility. and Orchard.

During its production run a few minor changes were made to the 3020 and other tractors of the New Generation series. These included moving the hydraulic levers from the left side of the dash to a console to the right of the operator, a narrower oval muffler for improved visibility, and a longer, bent, gear shift lever.

Some factory options available on the 3020 included hydraulic front wheel assist, a Roll Gard, roll over protective structure, a steel canopy that bolted to the Roll Gard.  An enclosed cab with heat and air conditioning was also available as an extra cost option.

From 1964 to 1969 John Deere also produced an industrial variant of the 3020. It was painted yellow instead of green and was known as the John Deere 500.

References

External links

John Deere tractors

John Deere 3020


The Rovin' Flames were an American garage rock band formed in Tampa, Florida in 1965. Releasing five singles in their recording career, which was sometimes plagued by multiple line-up changes, the group is best-remembered for their final record "How Many More Times". The song was the Rovin' Flames biggest hit and remains their most accessible tune due to its appearances on several compilation albums.

History
The band was formed in 1965 by Paul Battle (rhythm guitar and vocals), Jimmy "Mouse" Morris (lead guitar), J. R. Maietta (bass guitar), and Jerry Goff (drums). No older than 19 years old, the majority of the original members were still enrolled at George D. Chamberlain High School as the group was founded. In September 1965, the Rovin' Flames released their debut single on Fuller Records, a record label owned by businessman Charles Fuller. It included one of the earliest cover versions of the English rock band Them's "Gloria", pre-dating the Shadows of Knight's nationally successful rendition by nearly six months. On the B-side, the group featured their original instrumental piece "J.J.J.P.", which was inspired by the bass line in the tune "Louie, Louie".

In 1966, the Rovin' Flames recruited vocalist Hardy Dial, who formerly was the lead singer for fellow Tampa band the Outsiders. Although Dial's ex-group did not achieve the same notoriety as the Rovin' Flames, they did record two regionally popular singles for the Knight label which included their best known song, an interpretation of "Summertime Blues". In February 1966, the group released their follow-up single "I Can't", a tune written by record producer John Brumage. The notoriety stemming from the two records earned the Rovin' Flames the opportunity to record the rhythm tracks for deejay Brooke Chamberlain. Jeff Lemlich, a close associate of the band and former member of Tampa group Four Letter Words, wrote "I think Tampa Bay was Brooke Chamberlain's label. He was a disc jockey on WALT Radio in Tampa, and as such had a lot of influence. So when he wanted to cut a record, bands like the Rovin' Flames and Four Letter Words obliged". Chamberlain's songs included parodic surf rock tunes, with Chamberlain attempting to imitate the lyrical phrasing of the Beach Boys.

The Rovin' Flames' contributions to the Chamberlain recordings proved to be mutually beneficial to both parties as the deejay contributed lyrics to their ballad "Seven Million People". The song, which was released in June 1966, was inspired by the melody found in the Byrds' "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better". Its popularity propelled the Rovin' Flames to regional prominence, cementing them as the backing group to the Dave Clark Five as they toured Florida. Multiple line-up changes to the group followed over the subsequent months, until the next version of the band saw replacements John DeLise as the lead vocalist and Eddie Taylor as the drummer. Keyboardist John Rodgers was also recruited to bolster the complexity of the group's sound. DeLise was already well known in Tampa for his previous work with the Outsiders, and the Soul Trippers, who scored regional hit with their cover of the Slim Harpo-penned blues standard "I'm a King Bee".

DeLise's connections with his former band as they evolved into the group Noah's Ark was invaluable to the writing of the Rovin' Flames next two songs for their fifth single. His ex-bandmate Helen Uncapher co-wrote the tunes "How Many More Times" and "Love Song #6", which were released on the nationally distributed label Decca Records in September 1967. Although it is generally considered to have been released too late to have been commercially successful, "How Many More Times" has since become the signature song for the Rovin' Flames. It has been reissued on compilation albums such as Pebbles, Volume 8 and Psychedelic States: Florida in the 60s, Volume 3. Afterwards, DeLise departed the group to join Those Five and was replaced by Robert Thompson. For a brief period, the band was alternately known as the Rovin' Things; however, in March 1968 keyboardist Rodgers died. Thompson and Taylor left and, after several more line-up shuffles in an attempt to preserve the band, the Rovin' Flames disbanded in 1969.

Discography

Singles
 "Gloria"/"J.J.J.P." (Fuller/CFP-2627) 1965
 "I'm Afraid to Go Home"/"I Can't" ( Boss/BOS-002) 1966
 "Bo Diddley"/"Seven Million People" (Tampa Bay/BC-1111) 1966
 "How Many Times"/"Love Song No. 6" (Decca/32191) 1967

References

Musical groups from Tampa, Florida
Garage rock groups from Florida
Musical groups established in 1965

The Rovin' Flames


The River Fowey is a river in Cornwall, United Kingdom, which follows an irregular course across Bodmin Moor and enters the English Channel at Fowey.

There is a ferry between Fowey and Bodinnick. The first road crossing going upstream is in Lostwithiel. The river has seven tributaries, the largest being the River Lerryn. The part of the Fowey Valley between Doublebois and Bodmin Parkway railway station is known as the Glynn Valley (from Glynn House, Cardinham). The valley is the route of both the A38 trunk road and the railway line (built by the Cornwall Railway in 1859).
The catchment area of the River Fowey covers a total of  consisting of various types of rock.

References

Rivers of England
Geography of Cornwall

River Fowey


Issa Serge Coelo (born 1967) is a Chadian film director.  Born in Biltine, Chad, he studied history in Paris and film at the École supérieure de réalisation audiovisuelle (ÉSRA).  He then worked as a cameraman at Métropole Télévision, France 3, TV5MONDE and CFI before creating the 1994 short film Un taxi pour Aouzou.  The film was well-received, being nominated for a 1997 César Award in the category Best Short Film - Fiction.  This was followed by the feature films Daresalam (2000) and Tartina City (2006).  He also portrayed himself in the 1999 film Bye Bye Africa, which was directed by Chad's other prominent director Mahamat Saleh Haroun.

External links

 Daresalam with brief director bio  from diplomatie.gouv.fr

Chadian film directors
1967 births
Living people
People from Wadi Fira Region

Issa Serge Coelo


Carlos Zorrinho (born 28 May 1959) is a Portuguese politician and university professor. He has undertaken the positions of Secretary of State, leader of the Socialist Party Parliamentary Group at the Portuguese Parliament, and is currently a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the S&D group.

Early life and education
José Carlos das Dores Zorrinho was born on 28 May 1959 in Óbidos, Portugal. He graduated in Business Management at the University of Évora, where he later pursued a Doctorate Degree in Information Management. His academic career followed as a professor at the University of Évora, becoming Full Professor of its Department of Business Administration.

Political career

Career in national politics
Member of the National Council of the Socialist Party since 1990, he was elected for the first time for the National Parliament in 1995 for the electoral circle of Évora. He was a member of Parliament until 2000, becoming Vice-President of the Socialist Party's Parliamentary Group in 1999. From 1997 to 1999, he coordinated the ProAlentejo - Programme for the Integrated Development of Alentejo. In 2000, he was elected Member of the National Council for Education. Later that year, he entered office as Secretary of State Deputy to the Minister for Home Office of the XIV Constitutional Government (2000/2002). In 2002, Carlos Zorrinho resumed his academic career at the University of Évora.

After the Socialist Party won the 2005 general elections in Portugal, Zorrinho was appointed National Coordinator of the Lisbon Strategy and the Technological Plan (Portuguese: 'Plano Tecnológico'), which aimed at improving the country's competitiveness through technology, innovation and knowledge. Under that capacity, he led the development of the Portuguese Digital Agenda, and he reported directly to the Prime-Minister of the XVI Constitutional Government (2005/2009).

From 2009 to 2011, Zorrinho served as Secretary of State for Energy and Innovation, within the Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Development of the XVII Constitutional Government. Returning to the Parliament in 2011, Carlos Zorrinho was elected Leader of the Socialist Party's Parliamentary Group in September 2011.

Member of the European Parliament, 2014–present
Following the 2014 European elections, Zorrinho became a Member of the European Parliament, where he is Head of the Portuguese Delegation, Vice-chair of the Delegation for the External Relations of the European Parliament to Brazil, Member of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), EUROLAT and the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Zorrinho is also a substitute member of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) and the Parliament's delegation for relations to the MERCOSUR. In addition to his committee assignments, he is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, the European Parliament Intergroup on Artificial Intelligence and Digital and the European Internet Forum.

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20120123012009/http://www.planotecnologico.pt/en/coordenators-office/about-us/national-coordenador/list.aspx
 https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204105/http://www.dn.pt/inicio/economia/interior.aspx?content_id=1995121&seccao=Dinheiro%20Vivo
 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/nl/124739/CARLOS_ZORRINHO_home.html

External links

1959 births
Living people
People from Leiria District
University of Évora alumni
Academic staff of the University of Évora
Socialist Party (Portugal) MEPs
Members of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
MEPs for Portugal 2014–2019
MEPs for Portugal 2019–2024

Carlos Zorrinho


Brenda Nicholls  (born August 9, 1972 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian curler.

Career

1991–1999
Nicholls made her national curling debut at the 1991 Canadian Junior Curling Championships. She was playing fourth stones for skip Katie Arsenault.  The team would finish 6-5 in round robin play. Nicholls would not return to a national championship until 1996, when her team skipped by Stephanie Marchand, earned the right to represent Quebec at the 1996 Scott Tournament of Hearts. The team would only finish round robin with a 4-7 record.

2000–2011

Nine years after making her first Scott appearance, Nicholls would get the chance to represent Quebec at the 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts, this time skipping her own team. She would fail to improve on her previous record, finish round robin with a 4-7 record. Nicholls would return to the national scene at the 2007 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, this time as a fifth for Chantal Osborne. The Osborne team would finish round robin with a 4-7 record. After teaming up with Quebec skip Ève Bélisle, Nicholls would once again earn the chance to represent Quebec at the 2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. This time playing third, the team would finish round robin with a 5-6 record.

2012–2017
After Bélisle decided to take time away from curling, Nicholls would join forces with Marie-France Larouche. Playing third for Larouche, the team would win the 2012 Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts, earning the right to represent Quebec at the 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The team would find late success at the event winning five games in a row, finishing round robin with a 7-4 record and earning spot in the playoffs. They faced Alberta's Heather Nedohin in the 3-4 game, where they lost 4-7. They would play in the bronze medal game against Manitoba's Jennifer Jones, where they would lose 6-8.

Team Larouche did not curl competitively from 2013 to 2015. In the meantime, Nicholls was named as the alternate for Quebec (skipped by Lauren Mann) at the 2015 Scotties Tournament of Hearts.

Larouche and Nicholls teamed up with a new front end in 2015, and went on to win the 2016 Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The team represented Quebec at the 2016 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, finishing with a 5-6 record.

2017-present
While not curling on the tour, Team Larouche made a run at the 2018 Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts, but lost in the semifinals to the eventual winners, the upstart Émilia Gagné rink.

In 2019, Nicholls won the Quebec Mixed Championship with skip Jean-Sébastien Roy. The team went on to win the 2020 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship.

Personal life
Nicholls is employed as a customer service manager at EXFO. She has a common law husband and one child.

References

External links

1972 births
Canadian women curlers
Living people
Curlers from Quebec
Sportspeople from Quebec City
Canadian mixed curling champions

Brenda Nicholls


Frosty the Snowman is a 1969 American animated Christmas television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. It is the first television special featuring the character Frosty the Snowman. The special first aired on December 7, 1969, on the CBS television network in the United States, airing immediately after the fifth showing of A Charlie Brown Christmas; both scored high ratings. The special has aired annually for the network's Christmas and holiday season every year since.

The special was based on the Walter E. Rollins and Steve Nelson song of the same name. It featured the voices of comedians Jimmy Durante (in his final film role) as the film's narrator, Billy De Wolfe as Professor Hinkle, and Jackie Vernon as Frosty.

The special's story follows a group of school children, led by a girl named Karen, who build a snowman called Frosty and place a magician's hat on his head, which makes him come to life. Unfortunately, however after noticing the high hot temperature and fearing that he would melt, Frosty, along with Karen and a rabbit named Hocus Pocus, must go to the North Pole to be safe from melting.

Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass wanted to give the show and its characters the look of a Christmas card, so Paul Coker Jr., a greeting card and Mad magazine artist, was hired to do the character and background drawings. The animation was produced by Mushi Production in Tokyo, Japan, with Yusaku "Steve" Nakagawa and then-Mushi staffer Osamu Dezaki (who is uncredited) among the animation staff. Durante was one of the first people to record the song when it was released in 1950 (though at the time the song had slightly different lyrics); he re-recorded the song for the special.

Rankin/Bass veteran writer Romeo Muller adapted and expanded the story for television, as he had done with the "Animagic" stop-motion production of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.

TV Guide ranked the special number 9 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list.

Plot
In a schoolhouse on Christmas Eve, inept magician Professor Hinkle unsuccessfully performs his tricks during a Christmas party. Upon being dismissed, the children go outside to play in the snow and build a snowman they name "Frosty." Professor Hinkle chases his rabbit Hocus Pocus, who has absconded with his hat. The hat is blown off by the wind and caught by Karen, a student who puts it on Frosty's head and brings him to life. Seeing this as a chance to become wealthy, Hinkle reclaims the hat when it gets blown off and dismisses the children's belief that Frosty came to life. Later, Hocus switches the hat with a Christmas wreath and brings it back to the children. They use the hat to revive Frosty again, and the snowman is immediately amazed by his newfound life.

However, the temperature begins to rise, and Frosty fears he will melt unless he can get to the North Pole. The children suggest putting him on a train to get there and they parade through town on the way to the train station, shocking several townspeople, including the traffic cop. Because they have no money for tickets, Hocus, Frosty, and Karen secretly board a northbound freight train's refrigerator car filled with ice cream and Christmas cakes while Professor Hinkle follows them to reclaim the hat.

As the train continues northward, Karen starts to freeze, and Frosty realizes she cannot withstand the extremely cold temperatures. When the train stops to let a passenger train pass, the group disembarks in search of somewhere to warm Karen, with Hinkle following in pursuit. By nightfall, Frosty and Hocus struggle to bring an unconscious Karen through the forest. Hocus asks the forest animals to build a campfire for Karen, which they succeed in doing. Fearing that the fire will not be good enough, Frosty decides to look for Santa Claus, whom they assume can save Karen and bring him to the North Pole. While Hocus searches for Santa, Professor Hinkle arrives and puts out Karen's fire. Karen and Frosty flee and arrive at a greenhouse, which Frosty bring Karen inside to warm up, only for Hinkle to arrive and keep them inside.

When Hocus and Santa arrive the greenhouse, Frosty has already melted. Santa comforts a heartbroken Karen, explaining that Frosty is made of Christmas snow and will return every winter. He then opens the door and the winter wind revives Frosty. As they are about to put the hat on his head, Hinkle demands his hat back. Santa intervenes and threatens to never bring him another Christmas present if he reclaims the hat. After Hinkle leaves to write his apologies, Santa brings Frosty back to life, drops Karen off at her house, and takes Frosty to the North Pole, promising that he will return every year with the magical Christmas snow.

As the credits roll, Frosty leads a parade with the children, Hocus, the narrator (Jimmy Durante), the traffic cop, and the rest of the town, including Professor Hinkle, sporting his new hat. As the parade ends, Frosty boards Santa's sleigh, and they fly off to the North Pole, with Frosty altering the song's last line, saying, "I'll be back on Christmas Day!"

Voice cast
 Jackie Vernon as Frosty
 Jimmy Durante as himself (Narrator)
 Billy De Wolfe as Professor Hinkle
 June Foray as Karen, schoolchildren, and Teacher
 Paul Frees as Traffic Cop, Ticket Man, Hocus Pocus, and Santa Claus
 Suzanne Davidson as Karen (later airings)
 Greg Thomas as children (later airings)

Production credits
 Producers/Directors: Arthur Rankin, Jr., Jules Bass
 Writer: Romeo Muller
 Based on "Frosty the Snowman" by Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins
 Character Designer: Paul Coker, Jr.
 Continuity Designer: Don Duga
 Sound Effects Engineers: Jim Harris and Phil Kaye
 Editorial Supervisor: Irwin Goldress
 Animation: Mushi Studios
 Animation Supervisor: Steve Nakagawa
 Animation Director: Osamu Dezaki (uncredited)
 Musical Director: Maury Laws

Soundtrack

Released by Rhino on October 1, 2002, the entire audio portion of Frosty the Snowman is available on CD along with the entire audio portion of Santa Claus is Comin' to Town, the Rankin/Bass special produced in 1970. This edition contains the full dialogue and song audio of both specials.

The track listing is as follows:

 Medley: Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town...Be Prepared To Pay 25:18
 Medley: Put One Foot In Front Of The Other...Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town (finale) 24:55
 Frosty The Snowman Theme & Narration (Beginning) 13:45
 Frosty The Snowman Theme & Narration (Conclusion) 11:48
 Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town (Soundtrack Version) 1:50
 Frosty The Snowman (Soundtrack Version) 1:04

Home media

VHS and LaserDisc
Family Home Entertainment released Frosty the Snowman on VHS as part of the Christmas Classics Series in 1989 and 1993, with multiple re-prints throughout the 1990s. It was paired with The Little Drummer Boy on LaserDisc in 1992. Upon its 1989 and 1993 releases, the special was also bundled in box sets with the other Rankin/Bass Christmas specials including Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Santa Claus is Comin' to Town, the 1973 Chuck Jones holiday special, A Very Merry Cricket and the sequel Frosty Returns which aired on CBS in 1992. In 1998, Sony Wonder and Golden Books Family Entertainment released the special on VHS, and also paired it with these other Rankin/Bass Christmas specials including Cricket on the Hearth in the separate Holiday Classics Collection box sets.

DVD and Blu-ray
The special was also released on DVD by Sony Wonder and Golden Books Family Entertainment in 2001 and Classic Media in 2002 and 2004, and by Genius Entertainment in 2007. Vivendi Entertainment re-released it on DVD and for the first time on Blu-ray on October 12, 2010, and on the DVD/Blu-ray combo pack on November 6, 2012. Most DVD releases also include Frosty Returns. On September 8, 2015, Classic Media re-released both the special and Santa Claus is Comin' to Town in their 45th Anniversary Collector's Edition on Blu-ray and DVD in addition to the 50th Anniversary release of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer in 2014. Universal Pictures Home Entertainment released a Deluxe Edition of the special, along with other specials on Blu-ray and DVD, on October 16, 2018.

Reception
The special received positive reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the special received an approval rating of 73% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Frosty the Snowman is a jolly, happy sing-along that will delight children with its crisp animation and affable title character, who makes an indelible impression with his corncob pipe, button nose, and eyes made out of coal."

Sequels
Frosty returned in several sequels:

 Frosty's Winter Wonderland – This 1976 standalone sequel by Rankin/Bass was also written by Romeo Muller. Narration is provided by Andy Griffith (Jimmy Durante retired after a stroke in 1972) and Jackie Vernon reprised the role of Frosty. The animation was produced by Topcraft in Japan. Unlike the original, the sequel takes place later in the winter season and is based upon the 1934 song "Winter Wonderland." The plot follows Frosty's pursuit of a wife and the town's efforts to preserve him into the springtime. Jack Frost is introduced as the new antagonist, and no characters besides Frosty and the traffic cop return from the original. As the special takes place in the late winter, it makes no mention of Christmas (the original song likewise did not mention Christmas).
 Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July – This 1979 Rankin/Bass feature-length sequel was filmed in the "Animagic" stop-motion style of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. While the Frosty special is 30 minutes long, and the Rudolph special runs 60 minutes, this film is feature-length, at 97 minutes long (120 minutes on television, including commercials). Jackie Vernon returned as the voice of Frosty for the final time. Jack Frost also makes a brief return from Frosty's Winter Wonderland. Although set during the Fourth of July, this sequel is the only one to mention Christmas, and Santa Claus plays a major role. This is also the only Frosty special not to feature a narrator.
 Frosty Returns – This 1992 half-hour special is not truly a sequel to the original since it was produced not by Rankin/Bass but by CBS, and the characters, setting, voices and animation (by Bill Melendez) have all changed. Frosty's physical appearance, personality, and humor are markedly different, and he has the ability to live without his top hat, in direct contrast with the Rankin/Bass specials. Despite this, it was included as a bonus on previous DVD releases. John Goodman provides the voice of Frosty in this special, and Jonathan Winters serves as narrator. The special avoids all mention of Christmas and has an environmentalist theme, as Frosty works to stop a corporate executive whose spray product wipes out snow.
 The Legend of Frosty the Snowman – This 2005 straight-to-video film was produced by Classic Media, the previous rights holder for the original Rankin/Bass special, and the remainder of their pre-1974 library. This movie has been bundled with the original 1969 Rankin/Bass special and the CBS sequel and aired on Cartoon Network. The story features almost entirely new characters and there are some inconsistencies in continuity, though Frosty's appearance closely resembles the Rankin/Bass character design. Professor Hinkle also appears in a flashback cameo role, and is later revealed to be the grandfather of main protagonist Tommy Tinkerton (voiced by Kath Soucie), who as an adult is the narrator (voiced by Burt Reynolds). Frosty is voiced by Bill Fagerbakke, best known as the voice of Patrick Star on SpongeBob SquarePants (Tom Kenny, the voice of SpongeBob himself, voices Tommy's father Mr. Tinkerton).

See also
 List of Christmas films
 List of Rankin/Bass Productions films

Notes

References

External links

 Holiday Central at CBS.com

1960s American animated films
1960s American television specials
1960s animated short films
1960s fantasy films
1969 comedy films
1960s supernatural films
1969 animated films
1960s children's animated films
1969 films
1969 in American television
1969 television specials
American animated television films
American children's animated fantasy films
American fantasy comedy films
American supernatural comedy films
1960s animated television specials
CBS television specials
Christmas television specials
Films about magic and magicians
Animated films based on songs
Films directed by Arthur Rankin Jr.
Films scored by Maury Laws
Films set in 1950
Frosty the Snowman television specials
Rankin/Bass Productions television specials
Santa Claus in film
Santa Claus in television
Supernatural fantasy films
Television shows directed by Jules Bass
Television shows written by Romeo Muller
American Christmas television specials
Animated Christmas television specials
Animated films about magic
Animated Christmas films

Frosty the Snowman (TV special)


Sex segregation is a highly controversial culture-related definition for separation of people according to their sex. This can occur in both public and private areas. There are four levels for sex segregation: permissive, voluntary, administrative and mandatory.

It is always done in prisons and in military service. Socially it is done in sports, but not necessarily in mental sports. It is always done in schools in countries where the religion dictates it. Sex segregation is very unusual at primary school level.

Religion has its effects, but the Christian religion no longer mandates separation. It once did.

Clothing is the other area where differences occur. Again, Moslem countries still demand a dress code for women, but the rest of the world is more diverse. A point which is rarely made is that the simple wearing of clothes is often mandatory, and nudes may be arrested. Practice varies at certain places, such as the seaside.

Related pages
Racial segregation
Sexism
Social isolation

Controversies
Gender

Sex segregation


Eamonn Kevin Roche  (June 14, 1922 – March 1, 2019) was an Irish-born American Pritzker Prize-winning architect. He was responsible for the design/master planning for over 200 built projects in both the U.S. and abroad. These projects include eight museums, 38 corporate headquarters, seven research facilities, performing arts centers, theaters, and campus buildings for six universities. In 1967 he created the master plan for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and thereafter designed all of the new wings and installation of many collections including the reopened American and Islamic wings.

Born in Dublin and a graduate from University College Dublin, Roche went to the United States to study with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe at the Illinois Institute of Technology. In the U.S., he became the principal designer for Eero Saarinen, and opened his own architectural firm in 1967.

Among other awards, Roche received the Pritzker in 1982, the Gold Medal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1990, and the AIA Gold Medal in 1993.

Biography
Born in Dublin, but raised in Mitchelstown, County Cork, Roche attended Rockwell College and graduated from University College Dublin in 1945. He then worked with Michael Scott from 1945 to 1946. From summer to fall of 1946, he worked with Maxwell Fry in London. In 1947, he applied for graduate studies at Harvard, Yale, and the Illinois Institute of Technology and was accepted at all three institutions, and left Ireland in 1948 to study under Ludwig Mies van der Rohe at the Illinois Institute of Technology.

In 1949, he worked at the planning office for the United Nations Headquarters building in New York City. In 1950, he joined the firm of Eero Saarinen and Associates. His future partner, John Dinkeloo (1918-1991), joined the firm in 1951 and this was also where Roche met his wife Jane. In 1954, he became the Principal Design Associate to Saarinen and assisted him on all projects from that time until Saarinen's death in September 1961.

In 1966, Roche and Dinkeloo formed Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates and completed Saarinen's projects. They completed 12 major unfinished Saarinen builds, including some of Saarinen's best-known work: the Gateway Arch, the expressionistic TWA Flight Center at JFK International Airport in New York City, Dulles International Airport outside Washington, DC, the strictly modern John Deere Headquarters in Moline, Illinois, and the CBS Headquarters building in New York City.

Following this, Roche and Dinkeloo's first major commission was the Oakland Museum of California, a complex for the art, natural history, and cultural history of California with a design featuring interrelated terraces and roof gardens. The city was planning a monumental building to house natural history, technology, and art, and Roche provided a unique concept: a building that is a series of low-level concrete structures covering a four block area, on three levels, the terrace of each level forming the roof of the one below, i.e. a museum (in three sections) with a park on its roof. This kind of innovative solution went on to become Roche's trademark.

This project was followed by the equally highly acclaimed Ford Foundation Building in New York City, considered the first large-scale architectural building in the U.S. to devote a substantial portion of its space to horticultural pursuits. Its famous atrium was designed with the notion of having urban green-space accessible to all and is an early example of the application of environmental psychology in architecture. The building was recognized in 1968 by Architectural Record as "a new kind of urban space".

The acclaim that greeted the Oakland Museum and Ford Foundation earned Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates a ranking at the top of their profession. Shortly afterward they began a 40-year association with the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, for which they did extensive remodeling and built many extensions to house new galleries including the one containing the Egyptian Temple of Dendur. Other high-profile commissions for the firm came from clients as varied as Wesleyan University, the United Nations, Cummins Engines, Union Carbide, The United States Post Office, and the Knights of Columbus.

In 1982, Kevin Roche became one of the first recipients of the Pritzker Prize, generally regarded as architecture's equivalent to the Nobel prize. Following this accolade, Roche's practice went global, receiving commissions for buildings in Paris, Madrid, Singapore, and Tokyo. He completed his first and only Irish project, The Convention Centre Dublin, in 2010.

Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates has designed numerous corporate headquarters, office buildings, banks, museums, art centers, and even part of the Bronx Zoo. Roche served as a trustee of the American Academy in Rome, president of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, a member of the National Academy of Design, and a member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts.

Roche died on March 1, 2019, at his home in Guilford, Connecticut, aged 96.

Prizes and awards

The work of Kevin Roche has been the subject of special exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, the Architectural Association of Ireland in Dublin, and the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. A 2012 exhibition, Kevin Roche: Architecture as Environment, opened at the Yale School of Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut, and has been viewed at The Museum of the City of New York, the Building Museum in Washington, and the University of Toronto.

In addition to the Pritzker Prize, Roche was the recipient of numerous honors and awards including the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal Award, the American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal Award for Architecture, and the French Academie d'Architecture Grand Gold Medal.

Film

A feature documentary called Kevin Roche: The Quiet Architect was released in 2017. It was directed by Irish filmmaker (and former architecture student) Mark Noonan.

Buildings

1966 – Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, California
1968 – The Ford Foundation Building, New York, New York
1969 – Administration, Student Union & Physical Education Buildings, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
1969 – The Knights of Columbus Building Headquarters, New Haven, Connecticut
1969 – United States Post Office, Columbus, Indiana
1969 – Aetna Life and Casualty Company Computer Headquarters, Hartford, Connecticut
1971 – Power Center for the Performing Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
1972 – Cummins Inc. Irwin Office Building Arcade, Columbus, Indiana
1972 - New Haven Coliseum, New Haven, Connecticut, (demolished 2002)
1973 – Center for the Arts, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
1973 – Cummins Midrange Engine Plant, Columbus, Indiana
1974 – Fine Arts Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
1972 – The Pyramids, College Life Insurance Company of America headquarters, Indianapolis, Indiana
1978 – John Deere World Headquarters, West Office Building, Moline, Illinois
1979 – Denver Performing Arts Complex, Denver, Colorado
1982 – The Corporate Center, Danbury, Connecticut (originally the Union Carbide Corporate Center)
1982 – Moudy Visual Arts and Communication Building, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
1983 – 2 United Nations Plaza, New York, New York
1983 – General Foods Corporate Headquarters, Ryebrook, New York
1983 – Cummins Corporate Office Building, Columbus, Indiana
1985 – Cummins Engine Company Corporate Headquarters, Columbus, Indiana
1985 – DeWitt Wallace Decorative Arts Museum, Williamsburg, Virginia
1986 – Conoco Inc. Petroleum Headquarters, Houston, Texas
1988 – Central Park Zoo, New York, New York
1988 – Bouygues World Headquarters, Saint-Quentin-Yvelines, France
1989 – Leo Burnett Building Company Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois
1990 – 750 7th Avenue, New York, New York
1990 – Metropolitano Office Building, Madrid, Spain
1992 – J. P. Morgan Headquarters, New York, New York
1993 – Corning Incorporated Corporate Headquarters, Corning, New York
1993 – Merck & Co. Inc. Headquarters, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
1993 – NationsBank Building (now Bank of America Plaza), Atlanta, Georgia
1993 – UC Santa Cruz Scotts Valley Center, Scotts Valley, California
1993 – Tanjong and Binariang Headquarters/Menara Maxis, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1994 – Pontiac Marina Millenia Tower and Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Singapore
1995 – Dai-ichi Life Headquarters/ Norinchukin Bank Headquarters, DN Tower 21, Tokyo, Japan
1996 – Cummins Columbus Engine Plant Expansion, Columbus, Indiana
1997 – Zesiger Sports and Fitness Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
1997 – Shiodome City Center, Tokyo, Japan
1997 – Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for University Life/ Skirball Center for the Performing Arts, New York University, New York, New York
1997 – Lucent Technologies, Lisle, IL/Naperville, Illinois
1997 – Museum of Jewish Heritage, New York, New York
2000 – Ciudad Grupo Santander, Madrid, Spain
2001 – Securities and Exchange Commission Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
2002 – Bouygues SA Holding Company Headquarters, Paris, France
2003 – 1101 New York Avenue, Washington, D.C.
2003 – Renovation to Greek and Roman Court at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York
2005 – Lafayette Tower, Washington, D.C.
2007 – Renovation to American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
2008 – Renovation to American Wing at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York
2009 – David S. Ingalls Rink Restoration and Addition, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
2010 – Convention Centre Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
2011 – Renovation to Islamic Wing at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York

Awards and honors
Roche was the recipient of numerous honors and awards, including:
 Pritzker Prize
 American Institute of Architects – AIA Gold Medal
 American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals – Gold Medal Award for Architecture
 Academie d'Architecture – Grand Gold Medal
 Total Design Award, American Society of Interior Designers
 Medal of Honor, New York Chapter of the AIA
 American Institute of Architects Twenty-five Year Award
 Classical America's Arthur Ross Award
 Brendan Gill Prize of the Municipal Art Society of New York
 R. S. Reynolds Memorial Award
 New York State Award
 California Governor's Award for Excellence in Design
 Albert S. Bard First Honor Awards, City Club of New York
 Brandeis University Creative Arts Award in Architecture
 Brunner Award of the American Institute of Art and Letters
 New York Chapter American Institute of Architects Award

Honorary Degrees:
 Wesleyan University, Doctorate of Fine Arts
 National University of Ireland, Doctorate of Fine Arts
 Albertus Magnus College, Doctorate of Fine Arts
 Iona College, Doctorate of Fine Arts
 Yale University, Doctorate of Fine Arts

Further reading
Articles
 Currey, Mason. "Rediscovered Masterpiece: Ford Foundation", Metropolis (December 2008), pp. 90–104
 McMillan, Elizabeth. "Kevin Roche: Pritzker Prize Winner", Veranda (October 2007), pp. 150–158, 241.
 Lee, Sangleem. "Kevin Roche", Space (July 2006); pp. 159–181.
 Langan, Sheila. "Kevin Roche: America's Irish Architect", Irish America Magazine (April/May 2012) pp.52-56, https://www.irishamerica.com/2012/03/kevin-roche-americas-irish-architect/.

Special magazine editions
 Nakamura, Toshio. Kevin Roche, Architecture and Urbanism (A+U) Extra Edition, Tokyo, Japan: The Japan Architect Co. Ltd. Yoshio Yoshida, Publisher, 1987
 Hozumi, Toshio et al. Latest Works of Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates, Architecture & Urbanism, (A+U), No. 211, Tokyo, Japan: The Japan Architect Co., Ltd., April, 1988, No.211.
 Hara, Hiroshi and Nobutaka Ashira. America's New Architectural Wave: The Architect Kevin Roche's Appearance on The Scene, SD Space Design No. 63, A Monthly Journal of Art & Architecture, Tokyo, Japan: January 1970.
 Miller, Nory. Roche Dinkeloo, General Foods Headquarters, Texas Christian University Visual Arts Center, One Summit Square, Deere Financial Services Hdqrs., & Kevin Roche Interview Global Architecture, GA Document 9, A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo Co., Ltd., February 1984.
 Futagawa, Yukio. Roche Dinkeloo, 6 High Rise Projects Deutsche Bank, J. P. Morgan, Design for Two Buildings in Denver, Dallas Competition, High Rise Study in Houston]. Global Architecture, GA Document 12. Tokyo, Japan: A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo Co., Ltd., January 1985.
 Miller, Nory. Roche Dinkeloo Cummins Engine Company Corporate Office Building, Columbus Indiana & Conoco Inc. Petroleum Headquarters, Global Architecture, GA Document 14, editing and publishing by Yukio Futagawa, A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo Co., Ltd., photographs, RETORIA: Y. Futagawa & Associated Photographers, December 1985.
 Futagawa, Yukio. Roche Dinkeloo, Bouygues Headquarters,Global Architecture, GA Document 22. Tokyo, Japan: A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo Co., Ltd., January 1989.

References

External links

 Profile. archiseek.com
 New Haven Coliseum infosite. yurgeles.net
 Kevin Roche profile. PritzkerPrize.com
 Yale School of Architecture Honors Kevin Roche with Exhibition, Symposium.
 Kevin Roche's six buildings in Columbus, Indiana columbus.in.us
Oral history interview with Kevin Roche, 1995 Jan. 4 from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Archives, New York.

20th-century Irish architects
1922 births
2019 deaths
Alumni of University College Dublin
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Architects from County Dublin
Irish emigrants to the United States
People educated at Rockwell College
Members of the Académie d'architecture
Presidents of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal
People from Mitchelstown
Architects from County Cork

Kevin Roche