Birkwood Castle, also known as Birkwood House, is a Gothic country house situated in Lesmahagow, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. Built in the 18th century, it was greatly expanded by the McKirdy family. In 1920 it was purchased by the local authority for use as a hospital. Following closure of the hospital, attempts have been made to redevelop the building. The house is the subject for numerous ghostlore stories.

History
Birkwood Castle was built in the late 18th century, and the original villa now forms the north wing of the house. It was greatly expanded in the Gothic style in 1858, and again in 1890 when the architect James Thomson of Glasgow designed the large west wing. It covers an area of , and is a category B listed building.

In 1920 the house was purchased by Lanarkshire County Council for £10,000,  and opened in July 1923 as a "certified Institution for Mental Defectives" under the terms of the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913.The hospital cared for boys and girls with learning disabilities, and was "one of the few psychiatric hospitals which dealt exclusively with children."  Following the reorganisation of mental health care in the 1990s, the hospital closed fully in 2005.

Following closure of the hospital plans were approved to convert the house to a hotel in 2009, but the developer went into liquidation before work started. In 2016, South Lanarkshire Council gave planning permission for a £15 million conversion of the house to a hotel. This hotel was part of a planned £80 million redevelopment of the castle and its grounds. In January 2018, the castle was put up for sale after its owners went into administration. Later in the year, it was recommended that Birkwood Castle was demolished, as it was a "major safety risk". The plan was to keep the bell tower and front entrance, as they were structurally secure.

Ghostlore
The house has allegedly been haunted by a cigar-smoking spirit and the ghost of a man stabbed through the throat. When a group of Glasgow paranormal experts filmed at the house in 2013 for their work Haunted Planet TV, they described the house as "one of the most active locations they had ever filmed." In 2015, part of the house's wall collapsed, and there were reports of an explosion. Local paranormal experts attributed this to the house being haunted.

References

19th-century establishments in Scotland
Castles in South Lanarkshire
Category B listed buildings in South Lanarkshire
Country houses in South Lanarkshire
Defunct hospitals in Scotland
Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland
Hospitals in South Lanarkshire
Listed hospital buildings in Scotland
Listed castles in Scotland
Category B listed houses in Scotland

Birkwood Castle


José Rodríguez (February 23, 1894 – January 21, 1953), nicknamed "Joseíto" or "El Hombre Goma" in Spanish and "Joe" in English, was a Cuban infielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1916 to 1918 and in the Cuban League from 1914 to 1939. In the majors, he played for the New York Giants and was primarily a second baseman, while in the Cuban League and the U.S. minor leagues he mostly played first base. A defensive specialist, according to Roberto González Echevarría, Rodríguez "was considered the best defensive first baseman in Cuba" of his time. He was also a long-time manager in the Cuban League and managed for one season in the minors. He was inducted into the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1951.

Rodríguez was born in Havana in 1894. His younger brother Oscar also became a baseball player and manager in the Cuban League and the minor leagues and joined José as a member of the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1960.

Baseball career

United States
José Rodríguez toured the United States with a Cuban team, the Habana Reds, in 1915 and was recruited by the New York Giants. He joined the Giants in spring training in 1916. News reports from spring training suggested that Rodriguez "may develop into a high class player like Palmero, the young Cuban pitcher," and that manager John McGraw expected him "to develop into a star first baseman." After spring training he was assigned to the New London Planters in the Eastern League, where he hit .263.

Rodríguez debuted with the Giants on October 5, 1916, when he appeared as a pinch runner. In 1917 he was assigned to the Rochester Hustlers in the International League, where he hit .252. When he was again called up by the Giants, he played in seven major league games and hit .200 in 20 at bats.

After spring training in 1918, Rodríguez was retained by the Giants as their utility infielder. He hit poorly, and after Larry Doyle, the regular second baseman, had surgery in May, the Giants acquired other infielders such as Bert Niehoff and Ed Sicking. Rodríguez ended the season with a .160 batting average in 40 games.  After the season, he was traded to Rochester, ending his major league career.

Rodríguez played the next two seasons as Rochester's first baseman, hitting .264 and .320. When the Rochester team was sold after the 1920 season, the new owners, George Stallings and Walter Hapgood, sold most their players; Rodríguez was sold to the Bridgeport Americans of the Eastern League. He played in the Eastern League from 1921 to 1930, playing for Bridgeport, the Worcester Panthers, the Providence Rubes, and the Pittsfield Hillies. He hit as high as .316, and his overall minor league average was .284.  He played for the Canton Terriers of the Central League and the Binghamton Triplets of the New York–Pennsylvania League in 1930 and 1931, before returning to the Eastern League where he ended his U.S. career with the Allentown Buffaloes and Norfolk Tars in 1931 and 1932.

Rodríguez returned to minor league baseball for one season in 1948 as the manager of the Sherman-Denison Twins in the Big State League.

Cuba

Rodríguez began his professional career in the winter of 1914/15 as the first baseman of the Fe club of the Cuban League. The following winter he moved to Almendares.  The team, which included Cristóbal Torriente, Adolfo Luque, José Méndez, Ramón Herrera, and Rafael Almeida, won the championship, with Rodríguez hitting .286.  He again played for a championship team, the Orientals, in the winter of 1917, but hit only .194. The league didn't play in the winter of 1917/18, but in 1918/19 he again played for Almendares and hit .312.

In 1919/20 he moved to Habana, where he played shortstop and hit .278. In 1920/21, still with Habana, he played third base and was part of another championship, hitting .226. The next winter, the Cuban League season terminated after only five games; Rodríguez had returned to first base and hit .368.

The following winter, 1922/23, his role shifted as he became the playing manager of Almendares. In his third season as manager, 1924/25, he won the league championship with a team powered by Negro league stars, including five future members of the U.S. Baseball Hall of Fame—Bullet Rogan, Andy Cooper, John Henry ("Pop") Lloyd, Biz Mackey, and Oscar Charleston—as well as Dick Lundy, Newt Allen, and Valentín Dreke, and major leaguers Adolfo Luque and José Acosta.

He won his next championship as manager for Almendares in 1931/32, his last season as a full-time player and a season in which no American players were signed to play in the Cuban league.  He continued to play part-time until 1938/39 and to manage for various teams until 1943/44. In 1950 he became the general manager of the minor league Havana Cubans.

Rodríguez died in 1953 at the age of 58.

Notes

References

External links

New York Giants (NL) players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Minor league baseball managers
Major League Baseball players from Cuba
Cuban expatriate baseball players in the United States
1894 births
1953 deaths
New London Planters players
Rochester Hustlers players
Bridgeport Americans players
Bridgeport Bears (baseball) players
Worcester Panthers players
Providence Rubes players
Providence Grays (minor league) players
Pittsfield Hillies players
Canton Terriers players
Binghamton Triplets players
Allentown Buffaloes players
Norfolk Tars players
Almendares (baseball) players
Orientals players
Club Fé players
Habana players

José Rodríguez (infielder, born 1894)


Ko te reo Hīperu (עברית, ivrít) te reo whai mana o Iharaira, me te tangata Hūrai.

Hoto ki waho

 Po kar hi li tikrá na "'It's cold here', she will tell me", homophonous translation of Pokarekare Ana into Hebrew, by Ghil'ad Zuckermann, 2007.
 Academy of the Hebrew Language
 History of the Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language by David Steinberg
 Short History of the Hebrew Language by Chaim Menachem Rabin
 Fully Transliterated Modern Hebrew Course (with listing of verb roots and derived verbs)
 Modern Hebrew for Beginners at the University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts
 Morfix online dictionary
 USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Hebrew basic course
 Hebrew language, alphabet and pronunciation
 Early Hebrew Newspapers, thousands of pages of mid- to late-19th-century and early 20th-century Hebrew newspapers.
 Categorized Hebrew language study resources
 Biblical Hebrew Poetry and Word Play – Reconstructing the Original Oral, Aural and Visual Experience
 Hebrew Pronunciation, Rabbi Gil Student about how Hebrew should be pronounced in prayer, in accordance with Halakha and Poskim
 Hebrew fonts
 Jewish Story Writing Resource for Jewish writers.
 Hebrew Phrases with Audio
 Zuckermann, Ghil'ad, 2003, Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Palgrave Macmillan (ISBN 9781403917232 / ISBN 9781403938695)

Reo
Iharaira

Reo Hīperu


The Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre is the maritime museum of the Royal Australian Navy. The centre opened on 4 October 2005 and is located within the Public Access Area on the northern end of the Garden Island naval base in Sydney.

The need for such a facility was first recognised in 1922, by Vice Admiral Sir William Creswell who suggested the building of a museum to permanently display the Australian Navy's already rich and unique heritage. Since then, there have been several attempts to establish an international-standard naval museum.

The origins of the RANHC date from 2001, when the then Chief of the Navy commissioned a Naval Heritage Management Study to examine in detail how the RAN's past might best be used to support the present Navy's goals. One of the most important recommendations was the creation of a facility for the public display of the Naval Heritage Collection (NHC). Once approval for funding was received, a RANHC Project Board was formed and the project began on 24 May 2004. The NHC contains more than 250,000 individual items, and the mission of the RANHC is to display those objects of museum standard to the public, and through these displays capture something of the Australian naval experience.

Exhibits

The Professions of Navy
This is a large thematic display focusing on how the Navy's people have 'done the job' at sea over the years. Branches and categories past and present are used to explain how the naval profession has changed and developed.

The Periscope
This exhibit features a unique interactive display: a fully operational submarine attack periscope has been installed to allow visitors an unusual view of Sydney Harbour.

Naval Technology and Ordnance
A specific display illustrating how the Navy has developed and applied technology to the sea-fighting environment. It includes precision instruments for navigation and gunnery, in addition to examples of naval ordnance ranging from shells and torpedoes to modern guided missiles.

The Battle of Sydney
This centres on the fin and control centre from one of the Japanese midget submarines that attacked Sydney Harbour on the night of 31 May-1 June 1942, and also includes the Boom Boat belonging to the Maritime Services Board that first raised the alarm. The display is supported by an interactive audiovisual presentation.

In Which We Serve
This is a large chronological display of items that tell the stories of famous Australian ships and their battles. Artefacts are included from the colonial era, the First and Second World Wars, the Cold War and operations in the Persian Gulf.

Boats and Dockyards
The 1913 Boatshed has been dedicated as the display gallery for artefacts related to small boats and Australian dockyards, particularly Garden Island.

A Sailors Life For Me
This main exhibition display uses the entire mezzanine level of the workshop building, and provides visitors with an introduction to a sailor's life at sea. The display includes a mock-up of a World War II-era mess deck, as well as artefacts highlighting naval traditions and pastimes.

The Bridge
This is a mock-up of a Battle-class destroyer's open bridge, and is one of the major interactive displays in the centre. Using original equipment from 50 years ago, the Bridge is aimed at helping visitors acquire some experience of what takes place on a warship's bridge at sea.

Gallery

See also
Fleet Air Arm Museum (Australia), a museum at  focusing on the history of the RAN Fleet Air Arm

References

External links

 Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre website

Museums in Sydney
Maritime museums in Australia
Naval museums
Military and war museums in Australia
Garden Island (New South Wales)

Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre


Don Manley (born 2 June 1945) is a long-serving setter of crosswords in the UK. He has supplied puzzles for the Radio Times, The Spectator, Today, The Independent, The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, and the Financial Times and the Sunday Times among others. He is crossword editor of Church Times.

He writes under the pseudonyms Duck, Pasquale, Quixote, Bradman, Giovanni, and Izetti (all punningly connected with the name Don or Donald). He has also written a book on devising and solving crosswords, Chambers Crossword Manual (1986, 5th edition October 2014).

He has appeared on the BBC Radio 4 panel game, Puzzle Panel, and anchored the BBC4 documentary "How to Solve a Cryptic Crossword".

Don Manley was brought up in Cullompton, Devon, attending local state schools and Blundell's School, Tiverton as a Foundation Scholar. He read physics at Bristol University. After a short spell in a telecommunications laboratory, he worked in academic and educational publishing at The Institute of Physics, Stanley Thornes, Basil Blackwell, and Oxford University Press, which he left in 2002 when crosswords took over as his sole paid occupation. He is married to Dr Susan Manley, a clinical biochemist. They have two married children, two grandsons, and a granddaughter.

References

 25,000 tomorrow. The Telegraph, 23 May 2006. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
 Crosswords turn classically clueless. The Independent, 15 September 1996. Retrieved 2011-02-12.

1945 births
People educated at Blundell's School
Living people
Crossword creators
People from Cullompton

Don Manley


A shoulder rest is something which is used by people who play the violin or the viola. It may be made of wood, aluminium, carbon fiber or plastic. It appeared around the middle part of the 20th century. Usually, the shoulder rest attaches to the edge of the violin with "feet" padded with rubber tubing or made of soft plastic.

The purpose of a shoulder rest is to help the player to be comfortable holding the violin, which is held between the chin and the shoulder. It is a relatively recent invention, and though it is quite commonly used among modern violinists and violists, it is not universally used. Depending on body type and style of clothes, some musicians prefer no more than a thin sponge, a cloth or sometimes nothing at all under the instrument. It is important that the player can shift his left hand easily and freely to play in the higher positions without being afraid that he will drop the instrument, and without feeling the need to squeeze the instrument between his chin and shoulder as this will make the muscles in his neck very tight.

The shoulder rest must not be confused with the chinrest, which is the bit on which the player rests his chin.

References

Related pages
Chinrest

String instrument construction

Shoulder rest


Camillo De Lellis (born 11 June 1976) is an Italian mathematician who is active in the fields of calculus of variations, hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, geometric measure theory and fluid dynamics. He is a permanent faculty member in the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study. He is also one of the two managing editors of Inventiones Mathematicae.

Biography
Prior joining the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study, De Lellis was a professor of mathematics at the University of Zurich from 2004 to 2018. Before this, he was a postdoctoral researcher at ETH Zurich and at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences. He received his PhD in mathematics from the Scuola Normale Superiore at Pisa, under the guidance of Luigi Ambrosio in 2002.

Scientific activity
De Lellis has given a number of remarkable contributions in different fields related to partial differential equations. In geometric measure theory he has been interested in the study of regularity and singularities of minimising hypersurfaces, pursuing a program aimed at disclosing new aspects of the theory started by Almgren in his "Big regularity paper".
There Almgren proved his famous regularity theorem asserting that the singular set of an m-dimensional mass-minimizing surface has dimension at most m − 2. De Lellis has also worked on various aspects of the theory of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and of incompressible fluid dynamics. In particular, together with László Székelyhidi Jr., he has introduced the use of convex integration methods and differential inclusions to analyse non-uniqueness issues for weak solutions to the Euler equation.

Recognition

De Lellis has been awarded the Stampacchia Medal in 2009, the Fermat Prize in 2013 and the Caccioppoli Prize in 2014. He has been invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2010 and plenary speaker at the European Congress of Mathematics in 2012. In 2012 he has also been awarded a European Research Council grant. In 2020 he has been awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize. In 2021 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He has also been included in the list of invited plenary speakers of the 2022 International Congress of Mathematicians, in Saint Petersburg. In 2022 he was awarded the Maryam Mirzakhani Prize in Mathematics from the NAS.

References

External links
Site at the University of Zurich
Site of the European Congress of Mathematics in 2012
Site of the European Research Council

1976 births
Living people
21st-century Italian mathematicians
Variational analysts
European Research Council grantees
Academic staff of the University of Zurich
Institute for Advanced Study faculty
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina

Camillo De Lellis


Touch Memory (or contact memory) is an electronic identification device packaged in a coin-shaped stainless steel container.  Touch memory is accessed when a touch probe comes into contact with a memory button.

Read and/or write operations between the probe and memory chip are performed with just a momentary contact. Thousands of reads and writes can be performed with a single chip and data integrity can last over 100 years.

Touch memory complements such technologies as bar codes, RFID tags, magnetic stripe, proximity cards and smart cards.

Uses
Touch memory is used in such areas as
 Access control
 Asset management
 eCash
 Gaming systems
 Thermochron applications
 Time and attendance

Examples
The US Postal Service uses touch memory for tracking collection times on its large collection boxes. Healthcare, transportation, and trade show organizations also use the technology.

Advantages
Unlike bar codes and magnetic stripe cards, many touch memory solutions can be written to as well as being read. Communication rate, and product breadth, of touch memory goes well beyond the simple memory products typically available with RFID. The durability of the stainless-steel-clad touch memory is much greater than the thin plastic of a smart card.

See also
 1-Wire protocol

References

Automatic identification and data capture
Radio-frequency identification

Touch memory


Little Wood River is a  river in south-central Idaho in the United States. It is a tributary of the Malad River, which in turn is tributary to the Snake River and Columbia River.

Description
The Little Wood River originates in the Pioneer Mountains of northern Blaine County, then flows south through Little Wood Reservoir near Carey. Below the reservoir the river flows south into Lincoln County, past Richfield, and then west, past Shoshone, after which it enters Gooding County. Just west of Gooding, the Little Wood River joins the Big Wood River to form the Malad River.

Its tributaries include Baugh Creek.

The Little Wood River is the key source of irrigation water for eastern Blaine County and most of Lincoln County. Its water was a major attraction for the region's first permanent settlement at Carey. The river's water flow is regulated by reservoirs and affected by diversions of water into irrigation canals.

Variant names of the Little Wood River, according to the USGS, include McArthurs River and Wood River.

See also

 List of rivers of Idaho
 List of longest streams of Idaho

References

External links

Rivers of Idaho
Tributaries of the Snake River
Rivers of Blaine County, Idaho
Rivers of Lincoln County, Idaho
Rivers of Gooding County, Idaho

Little Wood River (Idaho)


The Woods Are Dark is a 1981 horror novel by American author Richard Laymon.  It was one of his earliest published works, and one he credited with having all but destroyed his publishing career in the United States.

An uncut version of the novel was released by Cemetery Dance Publications in July 2008.  It includes fifty pages of material that was cut from the original Warner Books release, and was later found by Kelly Laymon among some of her father's old papers, along with the full original manuscript (which was extensively edited by Warner for its initial publication).  This creative interference, together with the original publication's disastrous cover artwork, is what Laymon often credited with having ruined his first promising U.S. publishing career.

Synopsis

The plot concerns two groups of people, a family and a pair of college students, who are kidnapped after stopping in a small California town and taken into the forest to be sacrificed to a group of mysterious creatures, called "Krulls", who roam the surrounding wilderness.  The identity of the Krulls, and their relationship to the town of Barlow, are revealed gradually over the course of the novel.

Extended edition
Cemetery Dance Publications will release two different versions of their 2008 restored and uncut edition of The Woods are Dark.
 Trade Hardcover Edition -
 Traycased Lettered Edition - 52 lettered copies with a bookplate signed by Laymon before his death, bound in leather, and additional artwork by Alan M. Clark.

External links
Cemetery Dance official page about The Woods are Dark

1981 American novels
Novels by Richard Laymon
Warner Books books
Cemetery Dance Publications books

The Woods Are Dark


Bangalore is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. With a population of over 15 million (as of January 2016), Bangalore is the third largest city in India and 27th largest city in the world. Bangalore is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country, with over 51% of the city's population being migrants from other parts of India. Historically a multicultural city, Bangalore has experienced a dramatic social and cultural change with the advent of the liberalization and expansion of the information technology and business process outsourcing industries in India. IT companies in Bangalore employ over 35% of India's pool of 1 million IT professionals.

Garden City
Bangalore was known as the Garden City of India and has two nationally recognized botanical gardens – Lal Bagh and Cubbon Park, which attract a lot of visitors through the year. The city was the recipient of the Indira Priyadarshini Vruksha Mitra award in the late 1980s, in recognition of its extensive green cover. Bannerghatta Zoo is also filled with green landscape with a wide variety of animals and birds.

Religion
The people of Bengaluru are called Bengalurean or Bangalorean and the definition permeates class, religion and language. One of the major religions of Bengaluru is Hinduism. The city celebrates what is known to be Bengaluru's oldest festival called  "Karaga Shaktyotsava". Deepavali, the "Festival of Lights", transcends demographic and religious lines and is celebrated with great vigour. Dasara, a traditional celebratory hallmark of the old Kingdom of Mysuru is another important festival. Other traditional Indian festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Ugadi, Sankranthi are also celebrated.

Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Azha and Christmas are also reportedly celebrated by the Muslim and Christian population respectively.

Entertainment

Bangalore is home to the Kannada film industry which churns out about 100 movies each year and is the fifth largest movie industry in India, in terms of revenue. The Kannada Movie Industry has spawned a different colloquial type variety altogether, commonly referred to as Bangalore Kannada.

Bangalore is also known as the Ham Radio Capital of India because of the number of Amateur (Ham) Radio licence holders and their activities. Bangalore has nearly twenty Amateur (Ham) Radio Clubs and four VHF Repeaters. Bangalore Amateur Radio Club VU2ARC started in the year 1959 celebrating its Golden Jubilee – 50th Year.  Lions Clubs International Amateur (Ham) Radio Club VU2LCI has its base here.

Cuisine

The diversity of the cuisine available is reflective of the social and economic diversity of Bangalore. Roadside vendors, tea stalls, South Indian, North Indian, Arabic food, Chinese and Western fast food are all very popular in the city. Udupi restaurants, are very popular and serve predominantly vegetarian cuisine. The Chinese food and the Thai food served in most of the restaurants can be customised to cater to the tastes of the Indian population. Bangalore can also be called a foodie's paradise because of its vast variety of foods and edibles with a touch of Bangalore's uniqueness and tradition

Some of the renowned traditional Bangalore's vegetarian restaurants are MTR (Mavalli Tiffin Room), Vidyarthi Bhavan, Udupi Krishna Bhavan, Ramakrishna Lunch Home, Hotel Sharavathi in Yelahanka, New Krishna Bhavan, Janatha Hotel, Central Tiffin Room, Restaurants at Janardhana Hotel and Chalukya Hotel and Ullas to name a few. The masala dose – rice pancake smeared with red chilli chutney and stuffed with potato curry, 'set dose' – 3 medium-sized doses, 'benne masalae' – thick rice pancake prepared with butter – are some of the local favourites and few stake the origin of these dishes from Bangalore. Bisi bele bath, Rava idli, Pongal, the spicy Uppittu – served as Khara Bath in most of the restaurants are some of the other local favourites. The Udipis or the South Indian restaurant/cafes are known for their Filter Coffee. One of the popular places in South Bangalore is Brahmin's Coffee Bar, where people go at 6:00 am for their fresh cuppa after their morning walks.

The Muslim cuisine of Bangalore is unique as it delivers an interesting blend of Mughlai cuisine, Hyderabadi Muslim or Nawabi cuisine, as it is called, with a distinct Bangalorean flavour. The MM Road in Fraser Town is renowned for its unique collection of around 5 to 6 Muslim restaurants, 3 to 4 Mughlai takeaways, a Chinese restaurant, a salad bar and 2 Arabian themed restaurants. Empire Restaurant of Shivajinagar is very famous and has its own chain of restaurants throughout Bangalore. The Chandni Chowk area of Shivajinagar also has a concentration of tightly packed restaurants and tea shops, where business booms behind closed shutters until the wee hours of daylight. The most favourite sought-after delicacies include the Tandoori Chicken, Bangalore Biriyani, Gundu Palav, Sheek kebabs, Sheek Rolls, Chicken kebabs, Rumali Rotis and lots more. Roadside stalls are abundant, giving a more dynamic and some would argue more risky option for sustenance, with typical dishes such as barbecued beef sheek kebab and a local Bangalore recipe Phaal, beef cubes in spicy green masala, served with hot Rice Sevian (Plain steamed Vermicelli). Fried Mutton Brains is also a really tasty choice for daring food-a-holics.

Arabian cuisine is also slowly on the rise with Shawarma and Falafel gathering some popularity although these hotels are usually frequented by Arab students and Indians who have lived in the Middle East.

Some of the bakeries in Bangalore are also quite popular for a quick snack. There are many fruit juice stalls and shoppers often visit them.

Bangalore also houses many sweet eateries too. Bhagathram sweets has Bangalore's best gulaab jamoons. other notable sweets shops are Anand sweets, kanti sweets and asha sweets which house a good variety of sweets and savouries too.

Bangalore also has some fine dining and specialised restaurants that cover various cuisines of the world. For good Mangalore and Konkan style seafood, there's Kudla, Mangalore Pearl and Sa-na-dige. The city also is known to have really good Italian and new-age continental food in places like Sunny's on Lavelle Road and Olive Beach. The various restaurants in the five-star hotels in the city also offer some very authentic and delicious meals. Some of these include Blue Ginger (Thai/ Vietnamese, Taj West End), Raj Pavilion (Colonial Indian Cuisine, Sheraton Windsor Manor), Zen (Japanese / Korean, Leela Palace), and the many 24-hour cafes these hotels run.

One of the most famous places to visit with respect to cuisine is the VV.Puram Food Street. It serves a lot of Indian and Karnataka dishes as reasonable prices. It has attracted throngs of crowds of different social backgrounds who go local instead of the fine dining experiences the city has to offer.

Music
Bangalore is marked by many musical bards who have contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music, the Carnatic and Hindustani traditions. A home to many outstanding musicians, veterans and upcoming, Karnataka prides itself of renowned musical personalities like Purandara Dasa (the father of Carnatic music), Tyagraja, Kalakkad Subbiah Ramanarayanan Iyer, Dr Nithyasree Mahadevan, Gingger Shankar, Basavaraj Rajguru, and Gangubai Hangal.

The newfangled musicians of Karnataka have adapted a modernistic approach towards music and have flawlessly conflated different various genres to create progressive music, yet retaining the ethnic appeal. Some of the names worth mentioning are Lucky Ali, Jim Ankan Deka, Bapu Padmanabha, Pravin Godkhindi, Shimoga Subbanna, Mysore Ananthaswamy, P. Kalinga Rao, Bangalore Latha, G. V. Atri, C. Ashwath and Balappa Hukkeri. Internationally reputed Musicians who reside in Bangalore today are Raghu Dixit, Praveen D Rao, Vijay Prakash, Sagar S, Ricky Kej and others.

The Bangalore music scene consists of a far cry of different genres, from international music to traditional folk songs. Janapadhas are the traditional folk songs in the historic culture of Karnataka. The vast number of different people living in Bangalore hailing from different places developed a distinct style of music. Kannada film music is heard playing in auto rickshaws, shops, and the streets. The party and the nightlife scenario experiences a different type of music, most popular international numbers varying in genres from Trance, Pop, Indi-pop, and Hip-Hop, Bollywood music is less dominant.

Though Bangalore is a hub for both classical and contemporary music, the dominant music genre in urban Bangalore is rock music. All sub-genres of rock, varying from classic rock n' roll to extreme metal can be heard in Bangalore. The underground scenario in Bangalore is often acclaimed and hence lead to the city being called Rock/Metal capital of India. Rock 'n India, Freedom Jam is the pioneer made in Bangalore 'Woodstock' style annual festival offering different genres of live music regularly at various venues all over the city. The 22nd edition of this 'Free Music Festival' was held during the Independence weekend this August 2017. Sunday Jams, the monthly smaller versions, on the first Sunday of every month, have been going on too.[www.freedomjam.in & FB page.] Great Indian Rock, Deccan Rock and Summer Storm Festival are the primitive (?) rock festivals in India. GIR primarily a Delhi event organised by RSJ magazine is not heard of now while DR and SS are defunct. In early 2012, the Bangalore Open Air metal festival (powered by Wacken Open Air festival), to be headlined by Iced Earth and Kreator, and to be held on 16 June was announced. NH7, which ran for a few years seems to have abandoned the city.
Bangalore was also the first city in India where internationally popular rock groups Metallica, Iron Maiden, The Rolling Stones, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, Sting, Aerosmith, Elton John, Deep Purple among various other heavy metal groups performed live for the first time in India.
However, after the Santana concert about seven years ago, there has hardly been any big international rock acts performing in the city. A few extreme metal or cult alternative acts have occasionally catered to a niche audience. In fact, EDM acts rule Bangalore's high priced concert scene while Bollywood music performed live is as popular as ever.

List of international musicians who performed or will perform live in Bangalore :

 Scorpions in 2001
 Bryan Adams in 1994, 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2011
 Deep Purple in 2001
 Elton John in 2002
 Roger Waters in 2002
 The Rolling Stones in 2003
 Mark Knopfler in 2005
 Joe Satriani in 2005
 Sting in 2005
 Uriah Heep in 2006
 Jethro Tull in 2006 and 2008
 Iron Maiden in 2007 and 2009
 Aerosmith in 2007
 The Black Eyed Peas in 2007
 Sepultura in 2007
 Megadeth in 2008
 Machine Head in 2008
 Satyricon in 2008
 Amon Amarth in 2009
 Lauren Harris in 2009
 Textures in 2009
 Lamb of God in 2010 and 2012
 Nervecell in 2010
 Lacuna Coil in 2010
 De Profundis in 2010
 Flo Rida in 2010 and 2011
 Meshuggah in 2010
 Purified in Blood in 2010
 Saving Abel in 2010
 Backstreet Boys in 2010
 Richard Marx in 2010
 Prime Circle in 2010
 Jayce Lewis in 2010
 Sean Kingston in 2010
 Akcent in 2010
 Tesseract in 2010
 Enslaved in 2010
 The Prodigy in 2011
 Akon in 2011
 Jay Sean in 2011
 Ludacris in 2011
 Cradle of Filth in 2011
 Metallica in 2011
 Biffy Clyro in 2011
 Poets of the Fall in 2011 and 2012 and 2015
 Opeth in 2012
 David Guetta in 2012
 Fatboy Slim in 2012
 Suidakra in 2012
 Kreator in 2012
 Korn in 2012
 Slayer in 2012
 Carlos Santana in 2012
 Guns N' Roses in 2012
 Sean Paul in 2012
 Children of Bodom in 2012
 Wolf in 2012
 Behemoth in 2012
 Swedish House Mafia in 2013
 Tiësto in 2013
 Hardwell in 2013
 Avicii in 2012 & 2013
 Above & Beyond in 2010, 2012 & 2013
 Steve Aoki in 2013
 Martin Garrix in 2016
 Beth Hart in 2017

Music schools in Bangalore
The recent past has also seen a significant growth in the number of music institutes providing training for vocal and various instruments including guitar, piano, keyboard, veena, sitar, tabla, sitar, organ etc. in Carnatic, Hindustani classical and Western music, especially in Bangalore city. The Bangalore School of Music in RT Nagar, Eastern Fare Music Foundation in Koramangala, Sumadhura Education and Cultural Trust in Vijaynagara, Shreepada Sangeeta Kala Kendra in Bannerghatta Road and World Music Centre in Malleswaram are some of the institutes who have successfully endorsed Music as a serious business or career option as opposed to its familiar perception as a pastime or hobby. Apart from the formal training, these institutes offer courses that enable learners to appear for many recognized certificate and diploma examinations.

Sport

Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangalore(it has its own IPL team RCB or Royal Challengers Bangalore and has a huge fan following) though it has lost some of its popularity in a small amount of time to football, basketball and tennis. English football clubs Manchester United, Liverpool F.C. and Arsenal FC have a large number of supporters in the city. Bengaluru FC is a football club based in Bangalore and was formed in 2013. The club, which originally participated in the I-League, now plays in the Indian Super League.

Significant numbers of India's national cricket team have come from Bangalore, including Gundappa Viswanath, Rahul Dravid, Venkatesh Prasad, Anil Kumble, Erapalli Prasanna, Robin Uthappa, B.S. Chandrashekar, Syed Kirmani, Brijesh Patel, Roger Binny, Sadanand Vishwanath, K. L. Rahul, Karun Nair and Vinay Kumar. Many of the city's children play Gully cricket and football on the roads and in the city's many public fields. Bangalore's main international cricket stadium is the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, which hosted its first match in 1974 and was the venue for the India-Pakistan cricket quarter-final during World Cup 1996. International cricket was played at the Central College grounds before moving to the current venue.

Other famous sportspersons from Bangalore include badminton player and former All England Badminton Championship winner Prakash Padukone, tennis player and 10-time Grand Slam winner Mahesh Bhupathi, cueist Pankaj Advani and athlete Ashwini Nachappa.

Education
Bangalore is home to some of the top colonial-era schools in India including Bishop Cottons Boys' and Girls' School, Baldwin's High School, Sophia High School, and St. Josephs. Some of the top international schools are also located in Bangalore including Mallya Aditi International School (otherwise known as Aditi), Indus International School, National Centre for Excellence and Stonehill Academy.

Bangalore is well known for the quality of education provided by various eminent institutes, every year it attracts aspiring candidate to this city. Few of the well known institutes are the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), National Law School of India University(NLSIU), Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB), National Institute of Design, R & D Campus (NID), National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT ), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Srishti Institute of Art design and technology, Bangalore University, Christ University and Jain University.RV college of Architecture

Social and Night life

Bangalore has an active night culture and is home to over 800 clubs and bars. The city is also referred to by many as the "Pub Capital of India". Popular nightspots in Bangalore include Pecos, TGIF, TOIT, Sly Granny, Windmill Craftworks, Beer Club, Bootlegger, big brewsky, Agent Jacks are a few. Bangalore has a number of elite clubs, like the Bangalore Golf Club, Bowring Institute Century Club, Karnataka Golf Association, the Karnataka State Cricket Club and the Bangalore Club & Pubs.

Since the recent explosion of software companies in Bangalore, it has seen a rise in the number of western-style Malls, such as Phoenix MarketCity, Orion Mall, The Forum, Bangalore Central and The Garuda. These malls are evolving as the current "hang-outs" for the old, with trendy stores, restaurants and the latest crop of clubs (such as The Hint, at Bangalore Central).  Another change has been the gradual decline of single-screen cinemas and the increase of multiplex theatres, hosted by the same burgeoning malls. The BPO and IT boom have contributed to a lot of disposable income among the younger generation.

Eating out is another passion for Bangaloreans. The variety in terms of cuisines, types and themes that Bangalore restaurants offer is diverse and caters to every taste. Bangalorean's enjoy eating out so much that an actual event circling around restaurants called the Bangalore Restaurant Week was held between 12 and 21 November 2010.

See also
 Bangalore
 Bangalore Ganesh Utsava
 Bangalore Kannada
 Bangalori Urdu
 Kannada
 Karnataka

References

Culture of Karnataka

Culture of Bangalore


Boiga flaviviridis, the yellow-green cat snake, is a species of mildly venomous, rear-fanged snake of the family Colubridae, which is found in India. It is a rear fanged, nocturnal, arboreal species of snake that probably feeds on lizards, frogs and small birds. It was first described in 2013.

Taxonomic comments
Till a recent study, this species was mistaken to be Beddome's cat snake and was extralimitally reported from dry forests of eastern peninsular India. New research on both museum collections and fieldwork led to its discovery as a new, distinct species.

Holotype: BMNH 1918.104.22.168, female, from Brahmapur Ganjam district, in Odisha state, India, presented by Major Frank Wall in 1911.

Paratype: MAD 1913 an adult female from Udayagiri, Nellore district, state of Andhra Pradesh, India, collected in 1913, collector unknown.

Etymology
This species is named flaviviridis (from flavus meaning yellow and viridis, meaning green in Latin) as an adjective, after its diagnostic colouration that easily serves to identify this species. As a common name, "yellow-green cat snake" was suggested.

Diagnostics
The new species can be identified as follows: medium-sized species of the genus Boiga characterized by: (1) 19 dorsal scale rows around the forepart of the body and 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody; (2) 248–259 ventrals; (3) 106–109 subcaudals in females; (4) a single anal scale; (5) 8 (rarely 9) supralabials with SL 3–5 touching the orbit; (6) preocular reaching upper surface of the head; (7) 2 temporals in the first row, 3 temporals in the second row with a total of 4 rows of temporal scales; (8) a yellowish-green dorsal ground colour; (9) more than 90 faint, hardly visible dark bands; (10) the dorsal part of the head with only faint ornamentations; (11) a postocular stripe ending at the jaw angle; (12) a uniform venter with no speckles or lines (13) relative tail length in females from 0.180 to 0.200. The new species can easily be recognized by the combination of high number of ventral scales together with the colouration especially the uniform belly and a proportionately shorter tail than in other species of this group.

Geographic range
This species of snake is found in India. It is so far known from the dry forests of eastern peninsular India, including Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Odisha states.

References

 GERNOT VOGEL & S.R. GANESH 2013. A new species of cat snake (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae: Boiga) from dry forests of eastern Peninsular India. Zootaxa 3637 (2): 158–168.
 Khandal, Dharmendra, Sachin Rai and Vivek Sharma. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Boiga flaviviridis (Yellow-green Cat Snake). Herpetological Review 47 (1): 82.
 Kwet, Axel 2014. Liste der im Jahr 2013 neu beschriebenen Reptilien. Terraria-Elaphe 2014 (3): 56–67.
 Sharma, Vivek, Roheet Karoo and Umesh Zire. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Boiga flaviviridis (Yellow-green Cat Snake). Herpetological Review 47 (1): 82.

Reptiles described in 2013
Reptiles of India
schultzei

Boiga flaviviridis


David McKenzie Staines,  (born August 8, 1946) is a Canadian literary critic, university professor, writer, and editor.

Staines was born in Toronto, Ontario, and studied at the University of Toronto, where he obtained a BA in 1967, and at Harvard University, where he obtained an MA in 1968 and a PhD in 1973.

After a career that saw him teach at Harvard, the University of Prince Edward Island, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, and UMass Amherst, Staines is now a professor of English at the University of Ottawa. Staines specializes in three particular areas: medieval, Victorian and Canadian literatures, with particular interest in the relationship between literature and its social context.

In his studies of medieval literature Staines has examined the evolution of romance traditions, which resulted in a landmark new translation of the classic tales of Chrétien de Troyes: The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes (1990). He is also an authority on Arthurian legends.

He is particularly active in the field of Canadian studies, for example, as editor of the scholarly Journal of Canadian Poetry since 1986 and general editor of McClelland and Stewart's New Canadian Library series since 1988. He has published a number of major essay collections, including The Canadian Imagination (1977), a book that introduced Canadian literature and literary criticism to an American audience, as well as studies on Morley Callaghan and Stephen Leacock.

He is also interested in farming, in particular, the raising of livestock, such as donkeys.

Staines was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's Lorne Pierce Medal in 1998. He was also member of the jury for the Giller Prize in 1994, 1995, 1996 and 2003. In 2005, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2011, he was awarded the Order of Ontario for helping to establish the Giller Prize, Canada's highest award for fiction, and the Charles Taylor Prize for Literary Non-Fiction. In 2011, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for his contributions as a champion of Canadian literature and mentor to young writers."

References

External links
Faculty page at University of Ottawa

1946 births
Living people
Canadian expatriate academics in the United States
Canadian medievalists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University staff
Members of the Order of Ontario
Members of the Order of Canada
University of Toronto alumni
Literary critics of English
Mount Holyoke College faculty
Smith College faculty
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
Writers from Toronto

David Staines


Marc Bolan ( ; born Mark Feld; 30 September 1947 – 16 September 1977) was an English guitarist, singer-songwriter and poet. He was a pioneer of the glam rock movement in the early 1970s with his band T. Rex. Bolan was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020 as a member of T. Rex.

In the late 1960s, he rose to fame as the founder and leader of the psychedelic folk band Tyrannosaurus Rex, with whom he released four critically acclaimed albums and had one minor hit "Debora". Bolan had started as an acoustic singer-writer before heading into electric music prior to the recording of T. Rex's first single "Ride a White Swan" which went to number two in the UK singles chart. Bolan's March 1971 appearance on the BBC's music show Top of the Pops, wearing glitter on his face, performing the UK chart topper "Hot Love" is cited as the start of the glam rock movement. Music critic Ken Barnes called Bolan "the man who started it all". T. Rex's 1971 album Electric Warrior, with all songs written by Bolan, has been described by AllMusic as "the album that essentially kick-started the UK glam rock craze." Producer Tony Visconti, who worked with Bolan during his heyday, stated: "What I saw in Marc Bolan had nothing to do with strings, or very high standards of artistry; what I saw in him was raw talent. I saw genius. I saw a potential rock star in Marc – right from the minute, the hour I met him." From 1973, he started marrying rock with other influences, including funk, soul, gospel, disco and R&B.

Bolan died in a car crash in 1977. A memorial stone and bust of Bolan, Marc Bolan's Rock Shrine, was unveiled at the site where he died in Barnes, London. His musical influence as guitarist and songwriter was profound; he inspired many later acts over the following decades.

Early life

Bolan was born at Hackney Hospital and grew up at 25 Stoke Newington Common, in the borough of Hackney, east London, the son of Phyllis Winifred (née Atkins) and Simeon Feld, a lorry driver. His father was an Ashkenazi Jew of Russian and Polish ancestry, while his mother was of English descent. Moving to Wimbledon, southwest London, he fell in love with the rock and roll of Gene Vincent, Eddie Cochran, Arthur Crudup and Chuck Berry and hung around coffee bars such as the 2i's in Soho.

Bolan was a pupil at Northwold Primary School, Upper Clapton. At the age of nine, he was given his first guitar and began a skiffle band. While at school, he played guitar in "Susie and the Hula Hoops", a trio whose vocalist was a 12-year-old Helen Shapiro. During lunch breaks at school, he would play his guitar in the playground to a small audience of friends. At 15, he was expelled from school for bad behaviour.

He appeared as an extra in an episode of the television show Orlando, dressed as a mod. Bolan briefly joined a modelling agency and became a "John Temple Boy", appearing in a clothing catalogue for the menswear store. He was a model for the suits in their catalogues as well as for cardboard cut-outs to be displayed in shop windows. Town magazine featured him as an early example of the mod movement in a photo spread. When asked about his sexuality during an interview in 1975, Bolan said that he was bisexual.

Music career

1964–1967: Early career
In 1964, Bolan met his first manager, Geoffrey Delaroy-Hall, and recorded a slick commercial track backed by session musicians called "All at Once" (a song very much in the style of his youthful hero, Cliff Richard, the "English Elvis"), which was later released posthumously by Danielz and Caron Willans in 2008 as a very limited edition seven-inch vinyl after the original tape recording was passed onto them by Delaroy-Hall. This track is one of Bolan's first professional recordings.

Bolan then changed his stage name to Toby Tyler when he met and moved in with child actor Allan Warren, who became his second manager. This encounter afforded Bolan a lifeline to the heart of show business, as Warren saw Bolan's potential while he spent hours sitting cross-legged on Warren's floor playing his acoustic guitar. Bolan at this time liked to appear wearing a corduroy peaked cap similar to his then
-current source of inspiration, Bob Dylan. A series of photographs was commissioned with photographer Michael McGrath, although he recalls that Bolan "left no impression" on him at the time. Warren also hired a recording studio and had Bolan's first acetates cut. Two tracks were later released, the Bob Dylan song "Blowin' in the Wind" and Dion's "The Road I'm On (Gloria)". A version of Betty Everett's "You're No Good" (still unreleased) was later submitted to EMI for a test screening but was turned down.

Warren later sold Bolan's contract and recordings for £200 to his landlord, property mogul David Kirch, in lieu of three months' back rent, but Kirch was too busy with his property empire to do anything for him. A year or so later, Bolan's mother pushed into Kirch's office and shouted at him that he had done nothing for her son. She demanded he tear up the contract and he willingly complied. The tapes of the first two tracks produced during the Toby Tyler recording session vanished for over 25 years before resurfacing in 1991 and selling for nearly $8,000. Their eventual release on CD in 1993 made available some of the earliest of Bolan's known recordings.

He signed to Decca Records in August 1965. At this point his name changed to Marc Bolan via Marc Bowland. There are several accounts of why Bolan was chosen, including that it was derived from James Bolam, that it was a contraction of Bob Dylan, and – according to Bolan himself – that Decca Records chose the name. He recorded his debut single "The Wizard" with the Ladybirds on backing vocals (later finding fame with Benny Hill), and studio session musicians playing all the instruments. "The Wizard", Bolan's first single, was released on 19 November 1965. It featured Jimmy Page and Big Jim Sullivan, was produced by Jim Economides, with music director Mike Leander. Two solo acoustic demos recorded shortly afterwards by the same team ("Reality" and "Song for a Soldier") have still only been given a limited official release in 2015 on seven-inch vinyl. Both songs are in a folk style reminiscent of Dylan and Donovan. A third song, "That's the Bag I'm In", written by New York folk singer and Dylan contemporary Fred Neil, was also committed to tape, but has not yet been released. In June 1966, a second official single was also released, with session-musician accompaniment, "The Third Degree", backed by "San Francisco Poet", Bolan's paean to the beat poets. Neither song made the charts.

In 1966, Bolan turned up at Simon Napier-Bell's front door with his guitar and proclaimed that he was going to be a big star and he needed someone to make all of the arrangements. Napier-Bell invited Bolan in and listened to his songs. A recording session was immediately booked and the songs were very simply recorded (most of them were not actually released until 1974, on the album The Beginning of Doves). Only "Hippy Gumbo", a sinister-sounding, baroque folk-song, was released at the time as Bolan's third unsuccessful single. One song, "You Scare Me to Death", was used in a toothpaste advertisement. Some of the songs also resurfaced in 1982, with additional instrumentation added, on the album You Scare Me to Death. Napier-Bell managed the Yardbirds and John's Children and was at first going to slot Bolan into the Yardbirds. In early 1967 he eventually settled instead for John's Children because they needed a songwriter and he admired Bolan's writing ability. The band achieved some success as a live act but sold few records. A John's Children single written by Bolan called "Desdemona" was banned by the BBC for its line "lift up your skirt and fly".

His tenure with the band was brief. Following an ill-fated German tour with the Who, Bolan took some time to reassess his situation. Bolan's imagination was filled with new ideas and he began to write fantasy novels (The Krakenmist and Pictures Of Purple People) as well as poems and songs, sometimes finding it hard to separate facts from his own elaborate myth – he famously claimed to have spent time with a wizard in Paris who gave him secret knowledge and could levitate. The time spent with him was often alluded to but remained "mythical". In reality the wizard was probably American actor Riggs O'Hara with whom Bolan made a trip to Paris in 1965. Given time to reinvent himself, after John's Children, Bolan's songwriting took off and he began writing many of the poetic and neo-romantic songs that appeared on his first albums with T. Rex.

1967–1970: Tyrannosaurus Rex
Bolan left John's Children when, among other problems, the band's equipment had been repossessed by their label Track Records. Unperturbed, he rallied to create Tyrannosaurus Rex, his own rock band together with guitarist Ben Cartland, drummer Steve Peregrin Took and an unknown bass player. Napier-Bell recalled of Bolan: "He got a gig at the Electric Garden then put an ad in Melody Maker to get the musicians. The paper came out on Wednesday, the day of the gig. At three o'clock he was interviewing musicians, at five he was getting ready to go on stage.... It was a disaster. He just got booed off the stage." Following this concert, Bolan pared the band down to just himself and Took, and they continued as a psychedelic-folk rock acoustic duo, playing Bolan's songs, with Took playing assorted hand and kit percussion and occasional bass to Bolan's acoustic guitars and voice. Napier-Bell said of Bolan that after the first disastrous electric gig, "He didn't have the courage to try it again; it really had been a blow to his ego... Later he told everyone he'd been forced into going acoustic because Track Records had repossessed all his gear. In fact he'd been forced to go acoustic because he was scared to do anything else."

The original version of Tyrannosaurus Rex with Took released three albums; two reached the top fifteen in the UK Albums Chart. They also had a top 40 hit "Debora" in 1968. They were supported with airplay by BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel. One of the highlights of this era was when the duo played at the first free Hyde Park concert in 1968. Although the free-spirited, drug-taking Took was fired from the group after their first American tour, they were a force within the hippie underground scene while they lasted. Their music was filled with Bolan's otherworldly poetry. In 1969, Bolan published his first and only book of poetry entitled The Warlock of Love. Although some critics dismissed it as self-indulgence, it was full of Bolan's florid prose and wordplay, selling 40,000 copies and in 1969–70 became one of Britain's best-selling books of poetry. It was reprinted in 1992 by the Tyrannosaurus Rex Appreciation Society.

In keeping with his early rock and roll interests, Bolan began bringing amplified guitar lines into the duo's music, buying a white Fender Stratocaster decorated with a paisley teardrop motif from Syd Barrett. After replacing Took with Mickey Finn, he let the electric influences come forward even further on A Beard of Stars, the final album to be credited to Tyrannosaurus Rex. It closed with the song "Elemental Child", featuring a long electric guitar break influenced by Jimi Hendrix.

1971–1975: T. Rex, glam rock and other styles

Becoming more adventurous musically, Bolan bought a modified vintage Gibson Les Paul guitar (featured on the cover of the album T. Rex), and then wrote and recorded his first hit "Ride a White Swan", which was dominated by a rolling hand-clapping back-beat, Bolan's electric guitar and Finn's percussion. At this time he also shortened the group's name to T. Rex. Bolan and his producer Tony Visconti oversaw the session for "Ride a White Swan", the single that changed Bolan's career which was inspired in part by Mungo Jerry's success with "In the Summertime", moving Bolan away from predominantly acoustic numbers to a more electric sound. Recorded on 1 July 1970 and released later that year, it made slow progress in the UK Top 40, until it finally peaked in early 1971 at number two. Inspired by his muse, June Child, Bolan developed a fascination with women's clothing, an unlikely characteristic for a British male rocker at the time.

Bolan followed "Ride a White Swan" and T. Rex by expanding the group to a quartet with bassist Steve Currie and drummer Bill Legend, and cutting a five-minute single, "Hot Love", with a rollicking rhythm, string accents and an extended sing-along chorus inspired somewhat by "Hey Jude". Bolan performed "Hot Love" on the BBC television show Top of the Pops wearing glitter on his face: the performance was later recognized as the foundation of glam rock. For the viewers, it was a defining moment: "Bolan was magical, but also sexually heightened and androgynous". The song was number one for six weeks and was quickly followed by "Get It On", a grittier, more adult tune that spent four weeks in the top spot. The song, re-titled "Bang a Gong (Get It On)" when released in the US, reached No. 10 in the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1972.

In November 1971, the band's record label, Fly, released the Electric Warrior track "Jeepster" without Bolan's permission. Outraged, Bolan took advantage of the timely lapsing of his Fly Records contract and left for EMI, who gave him his own record label, the T. Rex Wax Co. Its bag and label featured an iconic head-and-shoulders image of Bolan. Despite the lack of Bolan's endorsement, "Jeepster" peaked at number two in the UK.

In 1972, he achieved two more UK number ones with "Telegram Sam" and "Metal Guru" taken from The Slider,  and two number twos in "Children of the Revolution" and "Solid Gold Easy Action". In the same year he appeared in Born to Boogie, a documentary by Ringo Starr about T. Rex including a concert filmed at London's Wembley Empire Pool in March 1972. Mixed in were surreal scenes shot at John Lennon's mansion in Ascot and a session with T. Rex joined by Ringo Starr on a second drum kit and Elton John on piano. At this time T. Rex record sales accounted for about six per cent of total British domestic record sales. The band was reportedly selling 100,000 records a day; however, no T. Rex single ever became a million-seller in the UK, despite many gold discs and an average of four weeks at the top per number one hit. No T. Rex record was certified until 1985, as the record company had to pay for it, which Bolan's did not in the 1970s.

Bolan took to wearing top hats and feather boas on stage as well as putting drops of glitter on each of his cheekbones. Stories are conflicting about his inspiration for this – some say it was introduced by his personal assistant, Chelita Secunda, although Bolan told John Pidgeon in a 1974 interview on Radio 1 that he noticed the glitter on his wife, June Child's dressing table prior to a photo session and casually daubed some on his face there and then.  Other performers – and their fans – soon took up variations on the idea.

The glam era also saw the rise of Bolan's friend David Bowie, whom Bolan had come to know in the underground days (Bolan had played guitar on Bowie's 1970 single "Prettiest Star"; Bolan and Bowie also shared the same manager, Les Conn, and producer, Tony Visconti) but their friendship was also a rivalry, which continued throughout his career. Bowie's 1972 song "All the Young Dudes" name-checked T. Rex. Bowie's song "Lady Stardust" is generally interpreted as alluding to fellow glam rock icon Bolan. The original demo version was entitled "He Was Alright (A Song for Marc)"

In 1973, Bolan played twin lead guitar alongside his friend Jeff Lynne on the Electric Light Orchestra songs "Ma-Ma-Ma Belle" and "Dreaming of 4000" (originally uncredited) from On the Third Day, as well as on "Everyone's Born to Die", which was not released at the time but appears as a bonus track on the 2006 remaster.

For the following recording sessions, he recruited soul female singers for the backing vocals on "20th Century Boy", which peaked at number 3 in March, and mid-year "The Groover" which went to number four. Tanx, parts of which found him heading towards soul, funk and gospel, was both a commercial and critical success in several European countries. "Truck On (Tyke)" missed the UK top 10 reaching only No. 12 in December. However, "Teenage Dream" from the 1974 album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow showed that Bolan was attempting to create richer, more involved music than he had previously attempted with T. Rex. He expanded the line up of the band to include a second guitarist, Jack Green, and other studio musicians, and began to take more control over the sound and production of his records, including by then girlfriend Gloria Jones on keyboards as well as backing vocals.

Eventually, the vintage T. Rex line-up disintegrated. Bolan's marriage came to an end because of his affair with backing singer Jones, which began in July 1973. He spent a good deal of his time in the US during this period, continuing to release singles and albums, putting R & B influences with rock on Bolan's Zip Gun. He was not living healthily and began to gain weight, though he subsequently improved and continued working.

1976–1977: resurgence and final year

In September 1975 Gloria Jones gave birth to Bolan's son, whom they named Rolan Bolan (although his birth certificate lists him as 'Rolan Seymour Feld'). That same year, Bolan returned to the UK from tax exile in the US and Monaco and to the public eye with a low-key tour. Bolan made regular appearances on the LWT pop show Supersonic, directed by his old friend Mike Mansfield and released a succession of singles, including "New York City" which reached the top 15. By then, Bolan was current with the music scene, incorporating disco elements in Futuristic Dragon and the single "Dreamy Lady". The last remaining member of Bolan's halcyon era T. Rex, Currie, left the group in late 1976. In early 1977, Bolan got a new band together, released a new album, Dandy in the Underworld, and set out on a fresh UK tour, taking along punk band the Damned as support to entice a young audience who did not remember his heyday barely five years previously.

Later in 1977, Granada Television commissioned Bolan to front a six-part series called Marc in which he hosted a mix of new and established bands and performed his own songs. By this time Bolan had lost weight, appearing as trim as he had during T. Rex's earlier heyday. The show was broadcast during the post-school half-hour on ITV earmarked for children and teenagers and it was a big success. One episode reunited Bolan with his former John's Children bandmate Andy Ellison, then fronting the band Radio Stars.

Bolan's longtime friend and sometimes rival David Bowie was the final guest on the last episode of Marc. Bowie's solo song "Heroes" was the show's penultimate song; Bolan signed off, naming some of the musicians: "All the cats; you know who they are"; they then began to play a bluesy song, over the closing credits. After four words of Bowie's vocals, however, Bolan stumbled forward, and off the stage, but managed to grab the microphone, and find a smile. Bowie's amusement was clearly visible, and the band stopped playing after a few seconds. With no time for a retake, the occurrence was aired.

Personal life
Bolan began his first serious romantic relationship, with Teresa Whipman, in 1965. They broke up in 1968 when Bolan met June Ellen Child. The pair immediately fell in love and moved into a flat together after knowing each other for only a few days.
They married on 30 January 1970. She was a former secretary to his then managers, Blackhill Enterprises, also the managers of another of his heroes, Syd Barrett, who June had previously dated. She was also influential in raising her new husband's profile in the music industry. Bolan's relationship with June was tumultuous; he engaged in several affairs over the course of their marriage, including one with singer Marsha Hunt in 1969, and another with artist Barbara Nessim while recording in America in 1971. The couple separated in 1973, after June found out about Bolan's affair with his backing singer Gloria Jones. After Bolan's death, June revealed that she had  abortions during their marriage because she believed Bolan was not mature enough to be a father.

Bolan and Gloria Jones were in a committed romantic relationship from 1973 until he died in September 1977.
The couple had a son together in September 1975 and the three of them lived together as a nuclear family for nearly two years until Bolan's death. At the end of June 1976, June Bolan sued for divorce on the grounds of adultery, citing Gloria Jones as the third party. At the court hearing on 5 October 1976, Deputy Judge Donald Ellison declared: "I am satisfied that the husband committed adultery with the co-respondent, and that the wife finds it intolerable to live with him", and granted a decree nisi. Twelve months after that date, it was to become a decree absolute, thus severing the Bolans' matrimonial ties. "The facts are that she initially left me, and we just grew apart," Bolan explained after the ruling. "There were no great scenes, no smashing things up. It just suddenly happened one day. We weren't a couple anymore." He also used the opportunity to shed a little light on his sexuality. "Anyway, I'm gay," he only half-jested. "I can't say I was a latent homosexual – I was an early one. But sex was never a great problem. I'm a great screwer". Asked about the institution of marriage, he replied: "Gloria doesn't want to get married and neither do I. If I ever marry anyone again, I'll put in a clause that when it ends you're on your own – and that means financially, too."

Death

Bolan never learnt to drive, fearing a premature death. He feared he would die before he was 30 years old. Despite this fear, cars or automotive components are at least mentioned in, if not the subject of, many of his songs. He also owned a number of vehicles, including a white 1960s Rolls-Royce that was loaned by his management to the band Hawkwind on the night of his death.

On 16 September 1977, Bolan was a passenger in a Mini 1275GT driven by Gloria Jones as they headed home from Morton's Club Restaurant in Berkeley Square, London. Both had been drinking alcohol, and after she crossed a small humpback bridge near Gipsy Lane on Queens Ride, Barnes, South West London, the car struck a fence post and then a tree. Bolan was killed instantly, while Jones suffered a broken arm and broken jaw.

The car crash site has become a shrine to his memory, where fans leave tributes beside the tree. In 2013, the shrine was featured on the BBC Four series Pagans and Pilgrims: Britain's Holiest Places. The site, Marc Bolan's Rock Shrine, is owned and maintained by the T. Rex Action Group.

His funeral service was held on 20 September 1977 at the Golders Green Crematorium in North London, where his ashes were later buried under a rose bush. At Bolan's funeral, attended by David Bowie, Rod Stewart, Tony Visconti and Steve Harley, a swan-shaped floral tribute was displayed outside the service in recognition of his breakthrough hit single "Ride a White Swan".

There are two plaques dedicated to his memory at the Crematorium. The first was placed there in the mid-1990s in white marble and was installed by the Tyrannosaurus Rex Appreciation Society with the help of fans worldwide. The second was installed by the official Marc Bolan fan club and fellow fans in September 2002, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of his passing. The inscription on the stone, which also bears his image, reads '25 years on – his light of love still shines brightly'. Placed beneath the plaque there is an appropriate ceramic figure of a white swan.

Bolan had arranged a discretionary trust to safeguard his money. A small, separate Jersey-based trust fund has allowed his son to receive some income. However, the bulk of Bolan's fortune, variously estimated at between £20 and £30 million (approx $38 – $57 million), remains in trust.

Legacy

Bolan strongly influenced artists of many genres, including glam rock, punk, post-punk, new wave, indie rock, Britpop and alternative rock. After seeing Bolan wearing Zandra Rhodes-designed outfits, Freddie Mercury enlisted Rhodes to design costumes for the next Queen tour in 1974. Bolan was the early guitar idol of Johnny Marr, who later found fame as the guitarist of the influential indie rock band the Smiths. In 1979, Siouxsie and the Banshees released a cover of "20th Century Boy" as the B-side to the single "The Staircase (Mystery)". The band had played the song live for several months and on the first anniversary of Bolan's death in 1978 played the song as the encore when they performed at Aylesbury Friars. Emerging in the New Romantic movement in the early 1980s, Boy George spoke of the impact Bolan and Bowie had on him: "They represented a kind of bohemian existence that I – at that point – could only imagine living. I loved the music. The first time I ever saw Marc Bolan really, properly was singing 'Metal Guru' and just loved him. I don't think you can separate an artist from what they wear or what they sing – it's kind of the complete package."

In December 1980, "Telegram Sam" was the fourth single released by British gothic rock band Bauhaus. Also in 1980, the Bongos were the first American group, with "Mambo Sun", to enter the Billboard charts with a T.Rex cover. Since then, Bongos frontman Richard Barone has recorded several other Bolan compositions ("The Visit," "Ballrooms of Mars"), worked with T.Rex producer Tony Visconti for his current solo album, Glow (2010, Bar/None Records) that includes a remake of Bolan's "Girl" from Electric Warrior, and has himself produced tracks for Bolan's son Rolan. In 1983, NWOBHM band Girlschool covered "20th Century Boy" on their Play Dirty. In 1984, the Replacements released a cover of "20th Century Boy" as a B-side to the single "I Will Dare"; it is also included on the reissue version of their album Let It Be.

In 1985, Duran Duran splinter band Power Station, with Robert Palmer as vocalist, took a version of "Get It On" into the UK Top 40 and to US No. 6, the first cover of a Bolan song to enter the charts since his death. They also performed the tune (with Michael Des Barres replacing Palmer) at the Live Aid concert. In 1986, Violent Femmes covered the song "Children of the Revolution" on their album, The Blind Leading the Naked. In 1989, X released a live cover of "20th Century Boy" as the B-side to their single "Kurenai". In 1990, Baby Ford did a cover of "Children of the Revolution" that appeared on the album Oooh, The World of Baby For. In 1991, Japanese rock band T-Bolan were named after T. Rex and Bolan.

"20th Century Boy" introduced a new generation of devotees to Bolan's work in 1991 when it was featured on a Levi's jeans TV commercial featuring Brad Pitt, and was re-released, reaching No. 13 in the UK. The song was performed by the fictional band the Flaming Creatures (performed by Placebo, reprised by Placebo and David Bowie at the 1999 Brit Awards) in the 1998 film Velvet Goldmine. In every decade since his death, a Bolan greatest hits compilation has placed in the top 20 UK albums and periodic boosts in sales have come via cover versions from artists inspired by Bolan, including Morrissey. In 1991, Morrissey and David Bowie performed a duet of "Cosmic Dancer" at the Inglewood Forum in Los Angeles.

In 1993, Guns N' Roses covered "Buick MacKane" on "The Spaghetti Incident?", and their guitarist Slash has worn a t-shirt with an image of Bolan on the front. The main riff of Oasis' 1994 hit "Cigarettes & Alcohol" is lifted from "Get It On". In 1993, Adam Ant covered the track live on his Persuasion tour.  The song was included on a private preview show on 21 February 1993 in Burbank, Los Angeles which was recorded and released, complete with the cover version, as a live bonus CD with 1994 pressings of his Antmusic: The Very Best of Adam Ant collection.

The Cameron Crowe-created movie Almost Famous features a scene where a Black Sabbath groupie is telling aspiring journalist William Miller (said to be created in Crowe's own image) about how, "Marc Bolan broke her heart, man. It's famous," regarding the character of Penny Lane, played by Kate Hudson. In 2000, Naoki Urasawa created a Japanese manga entitled 20th Century Boys that was inspired by Marc Bolan's song, "20th Century Boy". The series is a multiple award-winner, and has also been released in North America. The story was adopted into three successful live-action movies from 2008 to 2009, which were also released in the US, Canada and the UK.

In 2003, Depeche Mode's Martin Gore recorded covers of "Life Is Strange" and "Left Hand Luke and the Beggar Boys", and included them as b-sides of the single "Stardust". In 2006, Def Leppard released their album Yeah!, which contains covers of their favourite bands while growing up, the first song on this album is "20th Century Boy". Joe Elliott wanted to sing "Metal Guru" while Vivian Campbell wanted "Telegram Sam" but end up agreeing to "20th Century Boy". "Children of the Revolution" was performed by Elton John and Pete Doherty of the Libertines at Live 8, in 2005. U2's Bono and Gavin Friday also covered "Children of the Revolution" on the Moulin Rouge! soundtrack. In 2020, Kesha would also record a cover of the song along with Marc Bolan's son, Rolan, on backing vocals.

His music is still widely used in films, recent notable cases being Breakfast on Pluto, Death Proof, Lords of Dogtown, Billy Elliot, Jarhead, Moulin Rouge!, Herbie: Fully Loaded, Breaking-Up, Hot Fuzz, Click, School of Rock , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World and Dallas Buyers Club. Bolan is still cited by many guitar-centric bands as a huge influence (Joy Division/New Order's Bernard Sumner has said that the first single he owned was "Ride a White Swan".) However, he always maintained he was a poet who put lyrics to music. The tunes were never as important as the words.

In 2007, the English Tourist Board included Bolan's Rock Shrine in their guide to Important Sites of Rock 'n Roll interest 'England Rocks'. As reported in 2011, a school is planned in his honour, to be built in Sierra Leone: The Marc Bolan School of Music and Film. A musical, 20th Century Boy, based on Bolan's life, and featuring his music, premiered at the New Wolsey Theatre in Ipswich in 2011.

In September 2020 a tribute album produced by Hal Willner, Angelheaded Hipster, was released featuring covers of Bolan songs by a variety of artists including Nick Cave, U2, Elton John, Joan Jett, Nena and Todd Rundgren. Two months later, Bolan and T. Rex bandmates Steve Currie, Mickey Finn and Bill Legend were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2020 by The Beatles drummer Ringo Starr.

Discography
See T. Rex discography for full details of releases by Tyrannosaurus Rex and T. Rex. Solo releases and other releases are listed below.

Albums
with John's Children

 The Legendary Orgasm Album (1982)
 Smashed Blocked! (1997)

as Marc Bolan

 The Beginning of Doves (1974)
 You Scare Me to Death (1981)
 Dance in the Midnight (1983)
 Observations (1992)

with Tyrannosaurus Rex

 My People Were Fair and Had Sky in Their Hair... But Now They're Content to Wear Stars on Their Brows (1968)
 Prophets, Seers & Sages: The Angels of the Ages (1968)
 Unicorn (1969)
 A Beard of Stars (1970)

with T. Rex

 T. Rex (1970)
 Electric Warrior (1971)
 The Slider (1972)
 Tanx (1973)
 Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow (1974)
 Bolan's Zip Gun (1975)
 Futuristic Dragon (1976)
 Dandy in the Underworld (1977)

Singles
as Marc Bolan

 1965 "The Wizard/Beyond the Rising Sun"
 1966 "The Third Degree/San Francisco Poet"
 1967 "Hippy Gumbo/Misfit"

with John's Children

1967 "Desdemona/Remember Thomas A Beckett"

with Tyrannosaurus Rex

 1968 "Debora/Child Star"
 1968 "One Inch Rock/Salamanda Palaganda"
 1969 "Pewter Suitor/Warlord of the Royal Crocodiles"
 1969 "King of the Rumbling Spires/Do You Remember"
 1970 "By the Light of a Magical Moon/Find a Little Wood"

T. Rex

 1970 "Ride a White Swan/Is It Love/Summertime Blues"
 1971 "Hot Love/The King of the Mountain Cometh/Woodland Rock"
 1971 "Get It On (Bang a Gong)/Raw Ramp"
 1971 "Jeepster/Life's a Gas*"
 1972 "Telegram Sam/Cadilac/Baby Strange"
 1972 "Metal Guru/Thunderwing/Lady"
 1972 "The Slider/Chariot Choogle" (not officially released however some copies exist)
 1972 "Debora/One Inch Rock/Woodland Bop/The Seal of Seasons(Re-issued)(MagniFly EP)"
 1972 "Children of the Revolution/Jitterbug Love/Sunken Rags"
 1972 "Solid Gold Easy Action/Born to Boogie"
 1973 "20th Century Boy/Free Angel"
 1973 "The Groover/Midnight"
 1973 "Truck On (Tyke)/Sitting Here"
 1973 "Blackjack / Squint Eye Mangle" as Big Carrot
 1974 "Teenage Dream/Satisfaction Pony"
 1974 "Light of Love/Explosive Mouth"
 1974 "Zip Gun Boogie/Space Boss"
 1975 "New York City/Chrome Sitar"
 1975 "Dreamy Lady/Do You Wanna Dance/Dock of the Bay"
 1975 "Christmas Bop/Telegram Sam/Metal Guru" (not officially released however some copies exist)
 1976 "London Boys/Solid Baby"
 1976 "I Love to Boogie/Baby Boomerang"
 1976 "Laser Love/Life's An Elevator"
 1977 "The Soul of My Suit/All Alone"
 1977 "Dandy in the Underworld/Groove a Little/Tame My Tiger"
 1977 "To Know You Is to Love You/City Port"
 1977 "Celebrate Summer/Ride My Wheels"
 1977 "Ride a White Swan/The Motivator/Jeepster/Demon Queen"
 1977 "Get It On/Hot Love (Re-issued)"
 1978 "Hot Love/Raw Ramp/Lean Woman Blues"
 1978 "Crimson Moon/Jason B. Sad"
 1978 "You Scare Me to Death/The Perfumed Garden of Gulliver Smith"

References

Bibliography

Bolan, Marc. The Warlock Of Love, Lupus Publishing: 1969.
Tremlett, George. The Marc Bolan Story, Futura: 1975,
Sinclair, Paul. Electric Warrior: The Marc Bolan Story, Omnibus Press: 1982,
Du Noyer, Paul. Marc Bolan: Virgin Modern Icons, Virgin Books: 1997,
McLenehan, Cliff. Marc Bolan: A Chronology 1947-1977, Helter Skelter Publishing: 2002,
Paytress, Mark. Bolan: The Rise and Fall of a 20th Century Superstar, Omnibus Press: 2003,
Ewens, Carl. Born To Boogie: The Songwriting Of Marc Bolan, Aureus Publishing: 2007,
 Roland, Paul. Cosmic Dancer: The Life & Music of Marc Bolan. Tomahawk Press. 2012,
 Jones, Lesley-Ann. Ride a White Swan: The Lives and Death of Marc Bolan. Hodder 2013,
 Bramley, John. Marc Bolan: Beautiful Dreamer. John Blake Publishing Ltd. 2017,

External links

1947 births
1977 deaths
English Jews
20th-century English male singers
English people of Polish-Jewish descent
English people of Russian-Jewish descent
English people of Welsh descent
English people of Scottish descent
English rock singers
Jewish rock musicians
English male singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
English rock guitarists
Lead guitarists
Jewish singers
Singers from London
People from Stoke Newington
Road incident deaths in London
Ivor Novello Award winners
Golders Green Crematorium
Glam rock musicians
20th-century British guitarists
T. Rex (band) members
English male guitarists
English bisexual people
English LGBT singers
Bisexual male musicians
Bisexual singers
20th-century English LGBT people
Road incident deaths in England
Bisexual Jews

Marc Bolan


Josip Lisac (born 23 November 1950), is a Croatian linguist and dialectologist.

Biography
He was born in 1950 in Turni near Delnice, Gorski kotar. After graduating in philosophy and Yugoslav studies at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zadar in 1974, he received a Ph.D. at the same institution in 1986, with a thesis on the Kajkavian dialects of Gorski kotar.

After working as a journalist for four years immediately after graduation, in 1978 he returned to the Faculty of Philosophy in Zadar to work as an assistant. In 1987 he received the title of docent, in 1989 becoming associate professor, and in 1997 receiving regular and finally in 2002 permanent professorship. He teaches or has taught several post-graduate courses on linguistics, and serves as a head of the post-graduate course in linguistics at the University of Zadar. At the same university he was the first head of the Department for Croatian and Slavic Studies. In 2004 he became an associate member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Work
His chief scientific interest is in dialectology and in the history of Croatian. He contributed to several international projects on linguistic geography. He has published approximately a thousand bibliographical units, including several books:

 Fonološki opisi srpskohrvatskih / hrvatskosrpskih, slovenačkih i makedonskih govora obuhvaćenih Opšteslovenskim lingvističkim atlasom, Sarajevo, 1981 (as a contributor)
 Hrvatska drama do narodnog preporoda (co-authored with Slobodan Prosperov Novak), I-II, Split, 1984
 Hrvatski jezik i njegovi proučavatelji, Split, 1994
 Hrvatski dijalekti i jezična povijest, Zagreb, 1996;
 Poezija Dragutina Domjanića; Z mojih bregov Frana Galovića; Ognji i rože Ivana Gorana Kovačića (with Miroslav Šicel and Dunja Detoni-Dujmić), Zagreb, 1996
 Hrvatski govori, filolozi, pisci, Zagreb, 1999
 Dalibor Brozović, dobitnik nagrade "Stjepan Ivšić, Zagreb - Zadar, 2002
 Hrvatska dijalektologija 1. Hrvatski dijalekti i govori štokavskog narječja i hrvatski govori torlačkog narječja, Zagreb, 2003
 Faust Vrančić i drugi, Šibenik, 2004
 Tragom zavičaja. Delnički govor i govor Gornjih Turni u svjetlosti goranskih kajkavskih govora, Split, 2006
 Hrvatska dijalektologija 2 - Čakavsko narječje, Zagreb, 2009

With Dunja Fališevac and Darko Novaković he edited the anthology Hrvatska književna baština (2002–2005). At the University of Zadar he was the initiator and the editor-in-chief of the journal Croatica et Slavica Iadertina. He currently serves as an editor of the magazine Čakavska rič. and also collaborates on the publications of the Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute. He edited reprints of many works of Croatian writers and philologists (Faust Vrančić, Jakov Pletikosa, Stjepan Ivšić, Vinko Nikolić, Zlatko Pochobradsky). In collaboration with sister Terezija Zemljić he published a chronicle of Šibenik's female Franciscans Knjigu od uspomene (Šibenik, 2005).

References

External links
 Bibliography

Linguists from Croatia
Slavists
University of Zadar alumni
1950 births
Living people

Josip Lisac


Jovan "Jova" Ilić (Belgrade, 15 August 1824Belgrade, 12 March 1901) was a Serbian poet and politician.

Biography
Ilić's father was a merchant who arrived in Belgrade from Niš and married Stana, a woman from Podgorica. His business thrived and after his death, his fortune was large enough to pay for Jovan's education. Ilić and his wife Smiljana had seven children, four boys, and three girls, but only one girl lived to adulthood, the other two girls died as toddlers. The four boys followed in their father's footsteps, taking up literature as their life's work. Vojislav Ilić was later recognized as the preeminent poet of his day; Milutin, Dragutin and Žarko wrote books and were well known in their own right.

Jovan Ilić belonged to the first generation of Serbian university students (Petar Protić-Skopljanin, Jevrem Grujić, Milovan Janković, Dimitrije Milaković, Dimitrije Petrović, Jovan Ristić,  Ljubomir P. Nenadović, etc.) from Turkish-occupied Serbian territories who studied abroad, and returned home bringing the European ideals of democracy, constitutionalism, nationalism, Pan-Slavism, and civil liberties. Ilić, like many of his peers, participated in founding the "Association of Serbian Youth" (the first founding president was Jevrem Grujić), a group that nurtured and disseminated ideas of liberal nationalism and Slavic unity.  During 1848 the society developed from an ordinary literary group into a strong association of secondary school and lyceum students as well as university students and graduates from all over the Austrian Empire. The association was modeled after revolutionary and literary youth organizations of the past two or three decades (since the founding of Matica srpska in Budapest in 1825). Ilić was sensitive to the revolutionary vibrations of the time; he cooperated with the Serbian youth movement under Habsburg yoke and participated in the events of 1848 in Vojvodina where Serbian demands for collective rights came to clash with Hungarian liberal nationalist revolutionaries who sought to combine their emancipation with national homogenization. In the Association of Serbian Youth's first publication "Neven-Sloga," Ilić published a poem called "Slava" in which he wrote: "I am a Serb of the Slavic race; my heart is longing for a new Slavic life. O Slavs, dear brothers, our hour has come."

With Ranko Alimpić, Jevrem Grujić, and others he formed a revolutionary group in 1858, the "Liberal Club", which advocated for independence. They played an important role in the St. Andrew's Day Assembly in 1858 when the call for a parliamentary check on monarchic power for the first time gained support. Through their collective effort, the ideas of Slavic brotherhood were intertwined with the doctrines of liberalism. The generation of liberals in Serbia, which emerged in the late-1840s and 1850s, believed that individual freedom and the 'progress of the nation' could be secured through the institution of parliamentary representation.

His poetry was first influenced by classical poetry and later by the national epic poetry of the time. Jovan Ilić was a cabinet minister and a member of the Privy Council (Državni Savet).

He died in Belgrade on 12 March 1901.

Works
Pesme, Belgrade, 1854
Pesme (II), Novi Sad, 1858
Pastiri, Belgrade, 1868
Tapija, Belgrade, 1879
Dahire, Belgrade, 1891
Pesme (III), Belgrade, 1894
Kratka istorija Grka i Turaka za mladež, Belgrade, 1853
Pogled na sadašnje stanje naše, Belgrade, 1859
Srpska Pismenica, Novi Sad, 1860
Pogled na sadašnje stanje naše, Belgrade, 1859
Srpska Pismenica, Novi Sad 1860

See also
 Vojislav Ilić
 Dragutin Ilić

References

Translated and adapted from Jovan Skerlić's Istorija nove srpske književnosti (Belgrade, 1914, 1921) pages 296-298.
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts: http://www.sanu.ac.rs/English/Clanstvo/IstClan.aspx?arg=197,

1824 births
1901 deaths
Writers from Belgrade
Serbian male poets
People from the Kingdom of Serbia
Serbian politicians
19th-century Serbian poets
19th-century male writers
Justice ministers of Serbia

Jovan Ilić


Maritsa () is a village situated on west coast of the island of Rhodes, Greece, about  far from the capital, between Kremasti and Psinthos. It is a part of the Municipality of Petaloudes. This village is renowned for its traditional taverns and active nightlife all year round. Near the village at the old international airport, car and motorbike races are held as well as model airplane shows. Outside the village, there are two churches: the Agios Georgios church, built in the 15th century and the Agios Nikolaos church, with wall paintings from the 15th century.

Maritsa is also home to Iraklis AKS, a sports club with senior and junior teams competing at regional level. Iraklis football club also has experience playing for a year in the late 1990s in the then 4th National division.

Maritsa is renowned for its hospitable inhabitants and traditional character, it is the only village in Rhodes without a seasonal hotel, though studio apartments are available upon request.

Every December all the young people organise a celebration for welcoming the new year at the centre square of the village. The money needed for the celebration is an offer from the villagers and the owners of the restaurants and bars. The ceremony takes place at about 19:00 of 31 December and 3 hrs later the party is "fired up" by a group playing local songs and dances performed by instruments like lyra and bouzouki. At the same period α live crib is opened where represents the birth of Christ with genuine animals, horses and goats. The crib is found in the top of Mt. Koymoyli, next to the holily abbey of transformation of Savior Christ. At the crib is offered hot tea from locally herbs as well as traditional rusk while the small children can come out photographs with Santa Claus. The crib functions from 24 Dec until 6 Jan.

The village has taken his name from an Italian officer called "Maritza" that had the responsibility for the control of the village at the duration of Italian possession. Today it numbers about 1800 residents.

External links

Populated places in Rhodes

Maritsa, Rhodes


Soup Du Barry (, Velouté Dubarry or Crème Dubarry) is a French soup made from cauliflower, potatoes, and stock (traditionally veal stock). The use of stock makes it a velouté; the addition of cream and an egg-yolk makes it a crème.  It is named for Madame du Barry, mistress of King Louis XV of France.

References

Soups

Soup du Barry