Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (;  – 14 October 1960) was a prominent Soviet physicist. He received the Stalin Prize (1942), the Lenin Prize (1960) (posthumously), and the Hero of Socialist Labor (1955). Ioffe was an expert in various areas of solid state physics and electromagnetism. He established research laboratories for radioactivity, superconductivity, and nuclear physics, many of which became independent institutes.

Biography

Ioffe was born into a middle-class Ukrainian Jewish family in the small town of Romny, Russian Empire (now in Sumy Oblast, Ukraine). After graduating from Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology in 1902, he spent two years as an assistant to Wilhelm Röntgen in his Munich laboratory. Ioffe completed his Ph.D. at Munich University in 1905. His dissertation studied the electrical conductivity/electrical stress of dielectric crystals.

After 1906, Ioffe worked in the Saint Petersburg (from 1924 Leningrad) Polytechnical Institute where he eventually became a professor. In 1911 he (independently of Millikan) determined the charge of an electron.  In this experiment, the microparticles of zinc metal were irradiated with ultraviolet light to eject the electrons. The charged microparticles were then balanced in an electric field against gravity so that their charges could be determined (published in 1913). In 1911 Ioffe converted from Judaism to Lutheranism and married a non-Jewish woman. In 1913 he attained the title of Magister of Philosophy and in 1915 Doctor of Physics. In 1918 he became head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology. This division became the Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute (LPTI) in 1917 and eventually the Ioffe Institute.

In the early 1930s, there was a critical need in the Air Defense Forces of the Red Army for means of detecting invading aircraft. A number of research institutes were involved with radiolokatory (radio-location) techniques. The Russian Academy of Sciences called a conference in January 1934 to assess this technology. Ioffe organized this conference, then published a journal report, disclosing to researchers throughout the world the science and technology that would ultimately be called radar.

When the Soviet atomic bomb project began in 1942, Ioffe was asked to lead the technical effort, but refused the job on the grounds that he was too old. He saw great promise in the young Igor Kurchatov, and placed him in charge of the first nuclear laboratory. During Joseph Stalin's campaign against the so-called "rootless cosmopolitans" (Jews), in 1950 Ioffe was made redundant from his position of the Director of LPTI and from the Board of Directors. In 1952–1954 he headed the Laboratory of Semiconductors of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which in 1954 was reorganized as the Institute of Semiconductors. Following Ioffe's death, in 1960 the LPTI was renamed the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute and is one of Russia's leading research centers.

Ioffe's students include Aleksandr Aleksandrov, Pyotr Kapitsa, Isaak Kikoin, Igor Kurchatov, Yakov Frenkel, Nikolay Semyonov, Léon Theremin, Boris Davydov, and Lev Artsimovich. Ioffe asked Ernest Rutherford to accept Pyotr Kapitsa to Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge.

Commemoration
 The lunar crater Ioffe is named after him.
 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute carries his name.
 The Russian oceanographic and Polar research vessel Akademik Ioffe is named after him.
 The asteroid 5222 Ioffe is named after him.

Patents
  "Translating device"
 U.S. Patent on the piezoelectric effect

References

External links
 A. Joffe, Physics and Technology
 Annotated bibliography for Abram Ioffe from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
 Short biography by the Russian Ioffe institute

1880 births
1960 deaths
Converts to Lutheranism from Judaism
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Inventors from the Russian Empire
Physicists from the Russian Empire
Jewish Russian scientists
Jewish Ukrainian scientists
Jewish Russian physicists
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
People from Poltava Governorate
People from Romny
Academic staff of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Russian Lutherans
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni
Soviet inventors
Soviet physicists
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Ukrainian Jews
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Russian scientists

Abram Ioffe


The Sam Rayburn Library and Museum is a public research center, library, and museum at 800 West Sam Rayburn Drive in Bonham, Texas.  It was built in 1957 as a working library and research center for Sam Rayburn (1882-1961), the influential United States Congressman who holds the record as the longest-serving Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.  The building, designed by Roscoe DeWitt, is the most prominent example of Classical Revival architecture in Fannin County, expressly evoking the Classical architecture of Washington, DC.  The library is now operated as part of the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, part of the University of Texas at Austin.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Overview
In 1957 Rayburn dedicated the library in the style of a presidential library to preserve his memory, library collection, honors, and mementos. Former president Harry Truman was the guest of honor at the dedication ceremony. While other Speakers of the House have public or university libraries named in dedication to them this library is unique in that the library is solely dedicated to being a library about Rayburn's life as well as being an archival library about Congress from the 1770s to the present day.

The library building has a steel and concrete framework with solid brick walls and is faced with gleaming white Georgia marble and looks like many Classical-style buildings in Washington, D.C. such as the White House and the Lincoln Memorial. It is set on a base of Texas red granite.

In its original 1957 configuration the main lobby, made of black Italian marble, featured the original white marble rostrum that stood in the House of Representatives from 1857 until 1950 with a bronze statue of Rayburn standing behind it. The rostrum was moved to the main exhibit room in the 2012 renovation of the library. An exact replica of Rayburn's office is in the library. The furniture in this office was actually in the Speaker's Office in Washington, D.C. from 1907 to 1957. The fireplace immediately behind the speaker's desk was originally installed in the House of Representatives in 1857, where it remained for ninety-two years until its removal during the U.S. Capitol renovation project in 1949-50. This office served as Rayburn's official office from 1957 to 1961 whenever he returned home to Bonham to serve his constituents. The chandelier in Rayburn's office was originally installed in the White House during the Grant administration but was later transferred to the U.S. Capitol on the orders of Theodore Roosevelt who complained about the noise that the chandelier caused.

In the west wing are two galleries, the H.G. Dulaney Gallery and the Rostrum Gallery.  These galleries feature items from Rayburn's life, from his early childhood to his days as Speaker. The Dulaney Gallery's centerpiece is a white fireplace mantle that was installed originally in the Adams Room of the White House but removed during the White House renovation in the late 1940s. The Rostrum Gallery contains the white marble Speaker's rostrum that stood on the dais of the House of Representatives from 1857 until 1950. When the House was renovated in 1950, the rostrum was removed from the Capitol Building. It was presented to Sam Rayburn by his colleagues in the House of Representatives for permanent display in this museum.

The east wing is composed of the reading room where researchers and locals can read Rayburn's personal books and access the complete run of the published proceedings of the United States Congress from the First Continental Congress of 1774 to the present. Rayburn's gifts and honors are also displayed in the reading room, including a 2,500 year old Grecian urn given by the Greek Palace Guard to Rayburn for assisting the Kingdom of Greece during the Greek Civil War.

Outside of the building is a bronze statue of Rayburn that was dedicated in 1990.

Gallery

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Fannin County, Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Fannin County

References

External links

Libraries on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Fannin County, Texas
Neoclassical architecture in Texas
Buildings and structures completed in 1957
History museums in Texas
University of Texas at Austin
Museums in Fannin County, Texas
Rayburn, Sam
1957 establishments in Texas

Sam Rayburn Library and Museum


The 1st government of Turkey (30 October 1923 – 6 March 1924) was the first government formed in the Republic of Turkey. In reality, there were other governments between 23 April 1920 and 29 October 1923, but the republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, and the governments were numbered only after this date.

Background
The first prime minister was İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party (CHP, than known as People's Party). Although İnönü was a successful general during the Turkish War of Independence, he had also proved himself an able politician during the talks of Armistice of Mudanya and the Treaty of Lausanne.

The government
In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".

In 1923–1924, surnames were not in use in Turkey, which would remain true until the Surname Law. The surnames given in the list are the surnames the members of the cabinet assumed later.

Aftermath
Ministry of Shariah was taken over from the Ottoman Empire, and the Ministry of General Staff was a temporary ministry which was active during the war of independence. Both ministries were abolished on 3 March 1924, and İsmet İnönü resigned to form a new government.

References

Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians
01
1923 establishments in Turkey
1924 disestablishments in Turkey
Cabinets established in 1923
Cabinets disestablished in 1924
Members of the 1st government of Turkey
2nd parliament of Turkey
Republican People's Party (Turkey)

1st government of Turkey


Sebastian Backer (born 5 September 1980) is a German footballer who plays as a defender.

Born in Munich, Backer spent thirteen years with FC Bayern, ten in the club's youth system and three in the reserve team in the Regionalliga Süd. In the 2000–01 season, Ottmar Hitzfeld made Backer a member of the first-team squad, where he was given the number 29, but didn't make a first-team appearance, and continued to play for the reserves.

In 2001, Backer signed for MSV Duisburg of the 2. Bundesliga, but made no appearances in his first season, and only four in his second, his debut coming against Alemannia Aachen in September 2002. He spent the next two years with Eintracht Braunschweig of the Regionalliga Nord, but these were similarly unproductive with only ten appearances (eight in the league, two in the cup), and left in 2005, despite Eintracht's promotion to the second tier.

Backer returned to Bavaria to play semi-professional football, with SC Fürstenfeldbruck, SV Heimstetten and lately ASV Dachau. Since 2008, he has combined this with coaching Bayern Munich's under-11s team.

Backer represented the German youth team at various levels, his biggest success being third place at the 1997 UEFA Under-16 Championship in Germany in 1997.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
FC Bayern Munich footballers
FC Bayern Munich II players
MSV Duisburg players
Eintracht Braunschweig players
FC Bayern Munich non-playing staff
2. Bundesliga players
Footballers from Munich
Men's association football defenders
SV Heimstetten players

Sebastian Backer


Cortinarius violaceus, commonly known as the violet webcap or violet cort, is a fungus in the webcap genus Cortinarius native across the Northern Hemisphere. The fruit bodies are dark purple mushrooms with caps up to  across, sporting gills underneath. The stalk measures  by , sometimes with a thicker base. The dark flesh has a smell reminiscent of cedar wood. Forming symbiotic (ectomycorrhizal) relationships with the roots of various plant species, C. violaceus is found predominantly in conifer forests in North America and deciduous forests in Europe.

Though they are sometimes described as edible, the appearance of these mushrooms is more distinctive than their taste. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, and has undergone several name changes. It is the type species of the genus Cortinarius, but is readily distinguished from other species in the genus by its dark colouration and distinct cystidia. There are some populations that seem to prefer deciduous trees and others that prefer pines, but no genetic divergence between the two has been found. When identified as taxonomically separate from the deciduous-preferring populations, the pine-preferring populations have been referred to either as a separate species, C. hercynicus, or as a subspecies, C. violaceus ssp. hercynicus. Other populations once identified as C. violaceus or close to that species have now been described as new and separate species, such as C. palatinus, C. neotropicus, C. altissimus, C. kioloensis and C. hallowellensis.

Taxonomy
Agaricus violaceus was one of the few fungal species named by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. The specific epithet violaceus refers to the deep violet colour of its cap. In English, it is commonly known as the violet webcap, or violet cort. French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck viewed it as a variety (violaceus) of a variable species he described as Amanita araneosa in 1783, and Christiaan Hendrik Persoon placed it in the Section Cortinaria of Agaricus in his 1801 work Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. Cortinarius was established as a genus by English botanist Samuel Frederick Gray in the first volume of his 1821 work A Natural Arrangement of British Plants, where the species was recorded as Cortinaria violacea, "the violet curtain-stool".

The starting date of fungal taxonomy had been set as 1 January 1821, to coincide with the date of the works of the "father of mycology", the Swedish naturalist Elias Magnus Fries, which meant the name Cortinarius violaceus required sanction by Fries (indicated in the name by a colon) to be considered valid. Thus, the species was written as Cortinarius violaceus (L.: Fr.) Gray. However, a 1987 revision of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature set the starting date at 1 May 1753, the date of publication of Linnaeus's Species Plantarum. Hence, the name no longer requires the ratification of Fries's authority, and is thus written as Cortinarius violaceus (L.) Gray.

German botanist Friedrich Otto Wünsche described the species as Inoloma violaceum in 1877. In 1891, his countryman Otto Kuntze published Revisio Generum Plantarum, his response to what he perceived as poor methodology in existing nomenclatural practice. He called the violet webcap Gomphos violaceus in 1898. However, Kuntze's revisionary programme was not accepted by the majority of biologists.

Cortinarius violaceus was designated as the type species for the genus Cortinarius by Frederic Clements and Cornelius Lott Shear in their 1931 work The Genera of Fungi. Mycologist David Arora considers this odd, due to the mushroom's unusual colour and cystidia. Because of this designation, if C. violaceus were to be split from the rest of the current genus, then, according to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, it would retain the name Cortinarius, while the other species would have to be reclassified. The species was one of only two placed in the Cortinarius subgenus Cortinarius by the Austrian mycologist Meinhard Moser. Molecular investigation of webcaps worldwide has increased this number to at least twelve.

A 2015 genetic study by evolutionary biologist Emma Harrower and colleagues of C. violaceus and its closest relatives suggests that the group (section Cortinarius) originated in Australasia and began diverging from a common ancestor around twelve million years ago in the Miocene, with C. violaceus itself diverging from its closest relative around 3.9 million years ago. The fact that these species diverged relatively recently indicates that some form of dispersal must have taken place across large bodies of water. The original plant hosts were flowering plants (angiosperms), and C. violaceus—or its direct ancestor—developed a symbiotic relationship with pines, as well as multiple flowering plants; this may have facilitated its expansion across the Northern Hemisphere.

Some mycologists classify C. violaceus as two distinct species—Cortinarius violaceus and Cortinarius hercynicus, with hercynicus relating to the Hercynian Forest region of southern Germany. These species are differentiated morphologically by the latter population's rounder spores. Persoon had described C. hercynicus as a separate species in 1794, though Fries regarded it as conspecific with C. violaceus. Moser separated them once again as species in 1967, and Norwegian biologist Tor Erik Brandrud classified C. hercynicus as a subspecies of C. violaceus in 1983. However, Harrower and colleagues, on limited molecular testing, found no genetic or ecological difference between the two taxa.

Some fungal populations around the world that have been classified as C. violaceus have been found to belong to separate lineages and hence reclassified as new species within section Cortinarius. Two separate lineages discovered in populations from Costa Rica have been renamed Cortinarius palatinus and C. neotropicus, one from Guyana—described as sp. aff. violaceus—has become C. altissimus, and another from Western Australia and Tasmania described as both C. violaceus and sp. aff. violaceus has become C. hallowellensis. Yet another from Eastern Australia has been named C. kioloensis. The poorly known species Cortinarius subcalyptrosporus and Cortinarius atroviolaceus from Borneo are almost indistinguishable from C. violaceus outside of hard-to-observe spore detail—the former has smaller spores with a detached perisporium (outer layer) and the latter has smaller spores and fruiting bodies. Another population, known from Borneo, New Guinea and New Zealand, was ascribed to C. violaceus by Moser. It was noted as very similar to the original species concept of C. violaceus, and awaits description as a new species after a phylogenetic study revealed it to represent a distinct taxon.

Description

Cortinarius violaceus has a convex (becoming broadly convex, umbonate or flat) cap of 3.5–15 centimetres (–6 in) in diameter with an incurved margin. It is dark violet to blue-black in colour, and is covered in fine, downy scales. This layer on the cap is known as the pileipellis, which is either classified as a trichoderm—parallel hyphae running perpendicular to the surface and forming a layer 6–22 µm wide—or rarely an ixocutis, a layer of gelatinized hyphae 2–11 µm wide. The cap surface, unlike that of many other Cortinarius species, is neither sticky nor slimy, though it is occasionally greasy. The stipe, or stalk, is  tall, and  thick. Due to its swollen, bulbous nature, the base of the stipe can sometimes be as wide as . The stipe is a similar colour to the cap, and covered in wool-like fibrils; purple mycelium can be present at the base. Younger specimens feature a veil, but this vanishes quickly. The flesh is violet, but darker below the pileipellis and in the stipe. The flesh has a mild taste, indistinctly reminiscent of cedar wood, with a slight, pleasant smell, also reminiscent of cedar wood. The gills are dark violet, changing to a purplish-brown with age. They have an adnate connection to the stipe, and can be very dark in older specimens. The mushroom stains red when in contact with potassium hydroxide (KOH). Fruit bodies identified as C. v. hercynicus are less robust than those of the nominate subspecies.

The spore print is rust-coloured, while the spores themselves measure 12 to 15 µm by 7 to 8.5 µm. They are rough, from elliptical to almond-shaped, and covered in medium-sized warts. The spores are wider in C. v. hercynicus. The species is the only one in the genus to have cystidia on both the faces and the edges of the gills. A large number of cystidia are present, and, individually, they measure between 60 and 100 µm by between 12 and 25 µm. They are flask-shaped, with somewhat purple contents.

Similar species
Although there are many Cortinarius species with some degree of violet colour, C. violaceus and its close relatives are easily distinguished by their much darker purple colour. Cortinarius iodes of the southeastern United States has a slimy purple cap and paler violet stipe. The other species in the section Cortinarius are dark purple and superficially similar, but can be differentiated based on host and geography as they do not occur in the same locations as C. violaceus. Certain Leptonia species in northwestern North America, including L. carnea and L. nigroviolacea, have a similar color, but are easily differentiated due to their pink spore print.

C. cotoneus, Entoloma bloxamii, and E. parvum are also similar.

Distribution and habitat

Cortinarius violaceus is found across North America, Europe and Asia. Although widespread, it is not common anywhere in Europe, and it is listed as endangered in the British Isles. Cortinarius violaceus is a rare component of subarctic areas of western Greenland. It has not been recorded from Iceland.

In Europe, it grows in deciduous woodland during autumn, especially among oak, birch and beech, but is also found on occasion with conifers. It is also occasionally known from treeless heathland, where it is associated with bracken. The species favours acidic soil. Cortinarius violaceus forms mycorrhizal associations with several species of tree. In this symbiotic relationship, the fungus gains carbon from the plant and supplies it with beneficial minerals. In Nordic countries, its hosts include white birch (Betula pubescens), silver birch (B. pendula), European aspen (Populus tremula) and rarely European beech (Fagus sylvatica). No records of association with oak (Quercus) are known from this region. Brandrud reported that what he described as spp. hercynicus grew with Picea abies, generally in more alkaline soils and along with mosses of the genera Hylocomium and Pleurozium, and, in moister areas, big shaggy-moss (Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus), as well as the buttercup-family shrub Hepatica nobilis. The species grows with Betula pubescens in Greenland, and is also associated with hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Central and Southern Europe.

In North America, C. violaceus favours conifers, and, though rare over much of the continent, is relatively common in certain areas, including Mount Rainier National Park and Olympic National Park. It is more common in old growth forest in the Pacific Northwest, though has sprung up in regrowth areas populated with fir, pine, aspen and alder in the Great Lakes region. Fruit bodies occur singly or in small groups, often near rotting wood, and can grow in fairy rings. Closely related species that look like C. violaceus can be found in Central and South America, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Malaysia.

Edibility and biochemistry
Cortinarius violaceus are sometimes considered inedible, and sometimes considered edible, but not choice. Instead, the primary appeal of the species to mushroom hunters, according to Arora, is its beauty. Its similarity to some other (inedible or toxic) webcaps renders it risky to eat. The taste after cooking is reportedly bitter.

The colour of C. violaceus cannot be converted to a dye, unlike that of some other Cortinarius species, such as C. sanguineus and C. semisanguineus. The colour is caused by an elusive pigment that has been difficult to isolate; its identity was not known until 1998. This is an iron(III) complex of (R)-3′,4′-dihydroxy-β-phenylalanine [(R)-β-dopa]. It dissolves in water, turning the liquid dark purple before fading to blackish-grey. C. violaceus fruiting bodies contain around 100 times more iron than those of most other fungi. Cortinarius violaceus extract demonstrates an inhibitory activity against cysteine protease.

See also

List of Cortinarius species

References

External links

violaceus
Fungi of North America
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of Asia
Fungi described in 1753
Inedible fungi
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Cortinarius violaceus


In geometry, A trapezoid (in North America) or trapezium (in Britain and elsewhere) is a quadrilateral, which is defined as a shape with four sides. This shape has two parallel sides which are called the bases of the trapezoid, and another two sides called its legs. In North America, the term  "trapezium" is used for what is elsewhere called an irregular quadrilateral, which has no parallel sides.

Special cases
Some trapezoids are special cases where they have at least one noteworthy feature:

 Isosceles trapezoids: These have legs that are of the same length, and because of that, this trapezoid has a pair of angles of the same wideness (congruent).
 Parallelogramsː This is a trapezoid where two pairs of its sides are parallel to each other. As a result, there are two pairs of vertices in a parallelogram that are congruent.
 Tangential trapezoidsː These are trapezoids whose sides can be tangent to a circle placed inside of them, to which the circle is called an incircle.

Calculating area
To calculate the area of a trapezoid, you must add the two parallel sides together, divide that by 2, then times that by its height.

Other websites
 "Trapezoid" on MathWorld
 Trapezoid definition   Area of a trapezoid   Median of a trapezoid With interactive animations
 Trapezoid (North America) at elsy.at: Animated course (construction, circumference, area)

References

Polygons

Trapezoid


was an administrator and educator in Meiji period Japan.

Early life

Takamine was born to a samurai family in Aizuwakamatsu domain (present day Fukushima Prefecture) in 1854. After completing his studies in the feudal domain's school, Nisshinkan, he became a page to the daimyō Matsudaira Katamori from April 1868 to the surrender of the domain to imperial forces in the Boshin War in November that same year.

He was sentenced to confinement for a time in Tokyo, and was placed in the care of the Matsudaira clan of the Tanba-Kameyama Domain. As part of his studies, he entered the private school of Numa Morikazu, where he began to learn English. He soon attended Keiō-gijuku (A private school founded by Fukuzawa Yukichi, which grew into the modern-day Keio University) and received a scholarship to attend Oswego Normal School (present day SUNY Oswego), in New York in the United States from 1875–1878. He was fortunate to attend Oswego during the very height of its fame as a progressive and innovative institution for teacher education. Takamine interacted with Edward Austin Sheldon (the director of the school) and lived in the house of famed educator Johann Heinrich Hermann Krüsi (1817–1903).

During his time in the United States he also attended Anderson School of Natural History on Penikese Island during the summer of 1877 and spent one semester studying under Burt Wilder, a famous zoologist at Cornell University. He was the first Japanese (some believe to be the first Asian) to have a teaching credential.

Later career
After returning to Japan, Takamine worked as an assistant to American scientist Edward Sylvester Morse and accompanied him on a trek to the rugged areas of Hokkaidō which were occupied by the Ainu.

He eventually became the Vice Principal and Principal of the Tokyo Normal School/ Tokyo Higher Normal School (same school but the name was changed), Principal of the Tokyo Art School, and Tokyo Music School. He was also deeply involved in women's education and became the Principal of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School.

Generally, he is remembered as the man who introduced Pestallozian teaching methods and philosophy to Japan due to his translation of James Johonnot's Principles and Practice of Teaching into Japanese as Kyoiku Shinron [the new theory of education] 1885. Other projects he focused on included Japan's Exhibit in the Columbian Exposition of 1893 and he was involved in the Japan–British Exhibition (1910). His legacy is mixed, as despite his attempts to implement the American model of education in Japan, in the end, the government adopted the more conservative, German model.

Takamine's son, Takamine Toshio (1885–1959), was a famous physicist who worked in the field of spectroscopy.

Selected works

 Takamine Hideo, trans Kyōiku Shinron [The New Theory of Education] 1885
 Takamine Hideo and Iwakawa Tomotarō Dōbutsu Hikaku Kaibozu [Anatomical Charts of Comparative Zoology 4 vol] Tokyo: Fukyusha 1885
 Ministry of Education Beikoku Gakkōhō [the American School Systems] 1878 (In a letter to his mother Takamine mentions that he translated over 200 pages for this manual. His name does not appear in the text).
 Hideo Takamine "Address at Tokyo Normal School", Tokyo Meikeikai Zasshi No. 14 (March 1884) pp. 9–21 recorded by Torasaburo Wakabayashi faithful student and colleague

Honors
 Order of the Rising Sun

References

Ahagon, Chokusei. "The Influence of the Oswego Movement upon Japanese education, through Hideo Takamine in Early Meiji Japan 1860s–1880s" Phd Diss. State University of New York, Buffalo 1995
Ishikawa, H. (1902). Joshi Koto Shihan Gakko Kocho Takamine Hideo Kun (The Principal of the Woman's Senior Normal School, Mr Takamine Hideo). Kyoiku Kai, 1(11), 73. (In Japanese)
Japan's Modern Educational System: A History of the First Hundred Years Ministry of Education, Science and Culture
Anderson, Ronald S. Education in Japan: A Century of Modern Development Washington: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (U.S. Government Printing Office), 1975.
Beauchamp, Edward R. and Akira Iriye, ed. Foreign Employees in Nineteenth-Century Japan. London: Westview Press, 1990.
Johonnot, James. Principles and Practice of Teaching. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1878.
Kaigo, Tokiomi . "The American Influence on the Education in Japan" Journal of Educational Sociology Vol. 26, No. 1 (Sep., 1952), pp. 9–15
Krüsi, Hermann. Recollections of my life, by Hermann Krüsi. An autobiographical sketch supplemented by extracts from his personal records and a review of his literary productions together with selected essays, arranged and ed. by Elizabeth Sheldon Alling. New York, The Grafton press [c1907]
Kuno, Akiko. translated by Kirsten McIvor. Unexpected Destinations: The Poignant Story of Japan's First Vassar Graduate. New York: Kodansha International, 1993.
Lincicome, Mark. Principle, Praxis, and the Politics of Educational Reform in Meiji Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

 Morse, Edward Sylvester. Japan Day by Day, 1877, 1878–79, 1882–83. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.  OCLC 412843
  Japan Day by Day, Vol. I.; Full View
  Japan Day by Day, Vol. II.; Full View
Nishihira, Isao. Western Influences of the Modernization of Japanese Education, 1868–1912. Phd Diss. 1972. Oswego State Normal School, e. HISTORICAL SKETCHES RELATING TO THE FIRST QUARTER CENTURY OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AND TRAINING SCHOOL AT OSWEGO NY B.J. Oliphant and Printer 1888.
_. History of the First Half Century of the Oswego State Normal and Training School at Oswego, NY The Radcliffe Press, 1913.
Rogers, Dorothy. Oswego: fountainhead of teacher education; a century in the Sheldon tradition. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts [1961]
Straight, Willard Dickerman, 1880–1918. The Willard Straight papers at Cornell University. Ithaca, N.Y. : Photo Science of Cornell University, 1973. 12 reels ; 35 mm. (reels 1, 8, 9 and 12)
Wayman, Dorothy G. Edward Sylvester Morse: A Biography Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard Univ. Press 1942

External links

TakamineHideo.net

Meiji Restoration
Samurai
1854 births
1910 deaths
Japanese educators
Japanese pages
People from Aizu
Aizu-Matsudaira retainers
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun

Takamine Hideo


Calega Panzano, Panzan, or Panza (1229/1230 – after 1313) was a Genoese merchant, politician and man of letters.

Calega probably belonged to the Genoese Panzano family. He had a brother named Corrado (Conrad). He is first mentioned in contemporary documents on 6 July 1248, during the war with the Emperor Frederick II, when he was probably just eighteen years old, the minimum age for signing official acts in Genoa. On 8 October 1252 he and his brother appear involved in the cloth trade for the first time. The Panzano brothers eventually extended their operations as far afield as Paris, Lagny-sur-Marne, Provins, Naples, Sicily, and Outremer (Syria).

Calega wrote a sirventes in Occitan called Ar es sazos c'om si deu alegrar discussing the evils of the clergy of Tuscany and their support for Charles of Anjou in his bid for an Italian throne. Charles was besieging Sant'Ellero at the time (17 April 1267). In the sirventes Calega celebrates the coming of Conradin and his army and the efforts of Arrigo di Castiglia, son of Ferdinand III of Castile, in early 1268 against the Angevins. Calega was a staunch Ghibelline. A Genoese document from March that year records the planning stages of Genoese involvement in Conradin's war against the Angevins, stating that "the great men (magnates) of Genoa, that is, the Spinola, the Doria, the Castello and others came to talk amongst themselves, giving each other honour as seemed fitting" (magnates Janue scilicet de Spinulis de Auria de Castello et alii venerunt ad cum loquentes sibi et faciendo sibi honorem sicut decuit). Calega and Corrado were both councillors of the Genoese commune at the time and were doubtless among those who flocked to Conradin's banner. The first lines from his sirventes bespeak his attitude towards Charles and the Church which supported him:

Calega attacked the Church for declaring a Crusade against Christians and neglecting the Holy Land (where he had economic interests). Calega attacked Charles of Anjou personally for his alleged cruelty to fellow Christians and for his truce with the Saracens of Lucera, whom he granted freedom of religious practice while Crusading against political foes in northern Italy. Calega's charge, however, that the Pope had any part in the truce with the Saracens of Lucera is probably false.

Calega married a woman named Giovanna and had two sons, Giovanni and Giacomino. He died after 1313 and probably at greater than eighty years of age.

Sources
Bertoni, Giulio. I Trovatori d'Italia: Biografie, testi, tradizioni, note. Rome: Società Multigrafica Editrice Somu, 1967 [1915].
Throop, Palmer A. "Criticism of Papal Crusade Policy in Old French and Provençal." Speculum, 13:4 (Oct., 1938), pp. 379–412.

13th-century Genoese people
13th-century Italian troubadours
14th-century deaths
Year of birth uncertain

Calega Panzan


Edouard Fleissner von Wostrowitz (1825–1888), also spelt Fleißner, is remembered as the author of a short book on cryptography and as the proponent of a modified Cardan grille known as a turning grille.

He was born in Lemberg, the son of an Austrian cavalry officer, and was expected to follow a military career.  After serving in the Chevaux-légeres Regiment Number 6, he was appointed Commandant of the Officer School at Ödenberg in 1871 and promoted to full colonel in 1872.  Before retirement, at the end of 1874, he was ennobled and became Kommandant Oberst Edouard Freiherr von Fleißner von Wostrowitz.

His book Handbuch der Kryptographie was published in Vienna, in 1881.  Jules Verne popularised the turning grille in his novel Mathias Sandorf, published in 1885, by using it as a plot device.  Later, the German Army adopted turning grilles of various sizes during the First World War for immediate cipher traffic.

References to Fleißner are found in German, French, Italian and Spanish.  Kahn and Gaines mention him in English.  Kahn describes the turning grille in his standard work The Codebreakers but gives the name Fleissner only in relation to Jules Verne and the appearance of ciphers in literature.

1825 births
1888 deaths
Military personnel from Lviv
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
19th-century Austrian people
Austrian cryptographers
Barons of Austria

Edouard Fleissner von Wostrowitz


"And death shall have no dominion" is a poem written by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953). The title comes from St. Paul's epistle to the Romans (6:9).

Publication history
In early 1933 Thomas befriended Bert Trick, a grocer who worked in the Uplands area of Swansea. Trick was an amateur poet who had several poems published in local papers. In spring 1933 Trick suggested the two men both write a poem on the subject of 'immortality'. Trick's poem, which was published in a newspaper the following year, contained the refrain "For death is not the end." In 1933, in a notebook marked 'April', Thomas wrote the poem "And death shall have no dominion". Trick persuaded him to seek a publisher and in May of that year it was printed in New English Weekly.

On 10 September 1936, two years after the release of his first volume of poetry (18 Poems), Twenty-five Poems was published. It revealed Thomas's personal beliefs pertaining to religion and the forces of nature, and included "And death shall have no dominion".

In popular culture
 The Year One Space: 1999 episode "Death's Other Dominion" is titled after the poem.
 The poem is featured significantly in the television series Beauty and the Beast.
 It was used at the start and ending of the movie Omega Doom.
 The titles of the novels They Shall Have Stars by James Blish and No Dominion by Charlie Huston are taken from the poem.
 In Brave Saint Saturn's album Anti-Meridian the final five lines of the first verse open the CD, accompanied by music.
 In the film Truly, Madly, Deeply the title is quoted in a conversation about death.
 In the film The Weight of Water from the book of the same title written by Anita Shreve, Sean Penn in the role of melancholy poet Thomas Janes recites the last four lines of the first stanza. At the end of the film after Janes drowns, the film reprises his recitation of the second and third lines of this section, but this time the film leaves the last line poignantly unspoken.
 In the second and final part of the 2011 BBC TV miniseries The Field of Blood the poem's second through ninth lines are recited from memory by character Dr. Pete, played by Peter Capaldi, in a pub as he drunkenly faces his imminent death of cancer, seated alone.
 George Clooney recites part of the poem in the 2002 movie Solaris.
 In the Season 6 soundtrack of Lost the piece which shares its name with the poem is played while detailing Richard Alpert's life.
 Paul Kelly performs the poem as a song on his 2018 album Nature.
 In the German film Rosenstrasse, 2004, directed by Margaretha von Trotta, a Jewish woman about to be deported to Auschwitz recites part of the poem to another woman who is also about to be deported, "Though lovers be lost, love shall not, and death shall have no dominion."
 Dr. Niki Alexander, forensic pathologist, played by Emilia Fox, reads the whole poem at her father's memorial service in the 2012 episode of Silent Witness (TV Series): "Death Has No Dominion, Pt. 1" and the episode title is based on the poem.
Mithu Sanyal's German novel Identitti (2020) features the poem as part of a ritual carried out by the goddess Kali, a character in the novel.

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Anglo-Welsh literature
Poetry by Dylan Thomas
Poems about death
Modernist poems

And death shall have no dominion


A take and bake pizzeria, sometimes just known as a take and bake (or alternatively, take-n-bake), is a pizzeria which sells uncooked pizzas to customers, who then cook the pizzas at home in their own ovens.

Take-and-bake pizzas are typically made to order out of fresh ingredients (though the pizzeria may also keep a number of commonly ordered or special sale price pizzas on hand for convenience). Often because the pizzas are made with fresh and unbaked ingredients and not heated in-store, the pizzas can be paid for in some states with food assistance EBT cards.

According to Nation's Restaurant News, take-and-bake pizzerias typically have lower costs because they require less restaurant space and equipment. As a result, they are often able to undercut the national pizza giants.

Many take-and-bake pizzerias either operate as standalone entities, or as part of delicatessens. Such establishments often offer other menu items, such as cookie dough, soft drinks, salads, breadsticks, or dessert items, in addition to pizza. Some supermarkets also offer this feature, including Sobeys and Safeway (where a delicatessen is attached to a pizza section). In addition, some traditional dine-in pizzerias, such as Pizzeria Uno, also provide take-and-bake pizzas at some locations.

The leading specialty chains offering take and bake pizza in the United States are Papa Murphy's, Figaro's, and Nick-N-Willy's. Several grocery and retail chains, such as Kroger and Wal-Mart, also offer take and bake pizza.

References

Take and bake pizzerias
Convenience foods

Take and bake pizzeria


Shishupala (, lit. protector of children, IAST: Śiśupāla; sometimes spelt Sisupala) was the king of the Chedi kingdom, and an antagonist in the Mahabharata. He was the son of King Damaghosha and Srutashubha, the sister of Vasudeva and Kunti, as well as the cousin of Nanda. He was slain by Krishna, his cousin and an avatar of Vishnu, at the great coronation ceremony of Yudhishthira, as a punishment for his opprobrious abuse made against him. He is also referred to as Chaidya ("(Prince) of the Chedis"). Shishupala is considered to be the third and last birth of Vishnu's gatekeeper Jaya.

Mahabharata

The Mahabharata states that Shishupala was born with three eyes and four arms. His parents were inclined to cast him out but were warned by a voice from heaven (ākāśavāṇī) not to do so, as his time had not come. It also foretold that his superfluous body parts would disappear when a certain person took the child into his lap and that he would eventually die at the hands of that same person. Coming to visit his cousin, Krishna placed the child on his lap and the extra eye and arms disappeared, thus indicating Shishupala's death was destined at the hands of Krishna. In the Mahabharata, Shishupala's mother Shrutasubha persuaded her nephew, Krishna, that he would pardon his cousin Shishupala for a hundred offences.

Rukmi, the prince of Vidarbha, was very close to Shishupala. He wanted his sister Rukmini to marry Shishupala. But before the ceremony could take place, Rukmini chose to elope with Krishna. This made Shishupala hate Krishna.

When Yudhishthira undertook the Rajasuya Yajna, he sent Bhima to obtain the fealty of Shishupala, now king after his father's death. Shishupala accepted Yudhishthira's supremacy with no protest, and was invited to the final ceremony at Indraprastha.

At that event, the Pandavas decided that Krishna would be the special honoured guest of the sacrificial ceremony. This angered Shishupala and he started insulting Krishna, calling him a mere cowherd and worthless to be honoured as a king. He also started insulting Bhishma, calling his vow to remain a celibate throughout life as an act of cowardice. Bhishma became furious and threatened Shishupala, but Krishna calmed him down. Through this act, he committed his 100th sin and was pardoned by Krishna. When he insulted Krishna again, he committed his 101st sin. Krishna then released his Sudarshana Chakra on Shishupala, killing him on the spot. Shishupala's soul was liberated and attained salvation by merging into Krishna's body.

The Shishupala Vadha is a work of classical Sanskrit poetry (kāvya) composed by Māgha in the 7th or 8th century. It is an epic poem consisting of 20 sargas (cantos) of about 1800 highly ornate stanzas and is considered one of the six Sanskrit mahakavyas, or "great epics". It is also known as the Māgha-kāvya after its author. Like other kavyas, it is admired more for its exquisite descriptions and lyrical quality than for any dramatic development of the plot. His sons were killed in the Kurukshetra War .

See also
Chedi Kingdom

References

External links

 Characters in the Mahabharata
 People related to Krishna
 Characters in the Bhagavata Purana

Shishupala


The Willowbrook Ballroom was a dance ballroom and banquet facility located in Willow Springs, Illinois along Archer Avenue. It was founded in 1921 by John Verderbar and named Oh Henry Park.

The Willowbrook Ballroom is often cited as the last place Resurrection Mary danced before her death.  Her ghost is said to appear at the ballroom at times, dancing with the patrons.

On Friday October 28, 2016 the Ballroom was gutted by a fire. The building was having work done on the roof where the fire was suspected of starting. Due to water pressure issues the fire department had to wait on tanker trucks, which caused a delay in getting the fire under control.

History
Founded in 1921 by John Verderbar, an industrious Austrian immigrant. Verderbar purchased  along wooded Archer Ave. He planned to build a peaceful weekend home.

His son, Rudy Verderbar, was one of the throngs of young people who danced at the nearly 400 ballrooms and dance halls that thrived in the Chicago area during the mid-to-late 1910s. After dancing in an outdoor pavilion in Michigan, Rudy waged a relentless campaign to scrap the idea of a summer home and build an outdoor dance pavilion. After some research, his father agreed, and in 1921, the all wooden Oh Henry Park was built. It proved so popular, in 1923, the open-air pavilion was enlarged and a new 10-cents-a-dance policy was implemented. The ballroom was supposedly named after the Oh Henry candy bar, manufactured in Chicago by the Williamson Candy Company, who paid Verderbar for the naming rights.

In 1930, the pavilion was destroyed in a devastating fire. Verderbar quickly assembled a team of 200 carpenters to construct an enormous outdoor dance floor in time for the next Saturday night. The remaining ten weeks of Oh Henry's 1930 dance season drew even bigger crowds due to massive publicity touting the romantic aspects of "dancing under the stars."

On May 3, 1931, more than 1,700 invited guests and dignitaries danced the first dances in the new Oh Henry Ballroom. It had been built at the then-staggering Great Depression-era cost of $100,000.

As Big Band fever spread throughout 1940s America, the Oh Henry Ballroom, now with air conditioning, became a major force in the Midwest's entertainment industry. Even during the Second World War, typical weekly attendance was about 10,000 dancers. The ballroom's popularity was reason for Chicago bus lines to be rerouted to provide direct service to and from the ballroom.

Willowbrook Ballroom attracted some of the most popular bands of their times including Ozzie Nelson and his orchestra in the 1930s with lead singer Harriet Hilliard. The 1940s orchestras of Harry James, Les Brown and Count Basie played the ballroom, and singers Frank Sinatra, Doris Day And Helen O'Connell graced the stage, later so did Wayne King, Guy Lombardo, Sammy Kaye, Jimmy Dorsey, Bob Crosby, Dick Jurgens, Glenn Miller Orchestra and Gene Krupa. Theatre organist Hal Pearl known as "The King of the Organ" occasionally played in the ballroom between sets and sometimes offered his own concerts.

In 1955, as ballrooms across the country scaled down or closed, the Verderbars set out on a course to further expand their operations.  A  addition installed new kitchens, a restaurant and a private room for parties and banquets.

In 1959 the entire Oh Henry complex was renamed Willowbrook Ballroom. The 1960s were bringing record crowds to the ballroom, but toward the end of that decade, the public's taste in entertainment underwent a radical change and fewer people took up ballroom dancing.

Willowbrook Ballroom survived by having contemporary bands share the stage on the same evening with the top ballroom bands.

As popular music changed, the entertainers on Willowbrook's stage also changed, particularly on Friday night. Chubby Checker played the ballroom as did The Cryan' Shames, The Association, The Buckinghams, Otis Day and the Knights, Duke Tumatoe and The All Star Frogs, The Village People, and Martha Reeves. Songwriter James Holvay first saw Carl Bonafede at the age of 14 when Carl was singing at The Willowbrook Ballroom as a front man for the Gem-Tones. It was one of Jim Lounsbury's local record hops.

In 1997 the Verderbar family sold the Ballroom to Birute and Gediminas Jodwalis.  The Willowbrook Ballroom is located at 8900 Archer Avenue, Willow Springs, Illinois, 60480.

In 2000 The Willowbrook Ballroom was profiled as one of America's "Glorious, Historic, Legendary, Treasured Ballroom Dance Floors" in Amateur Dancers magazine. Criteria for being profiled as an Amateur Dancers magazine's "Finest Floor" is:
A minimum of  of danceable wood flooring, sprung preferred.
Sufficient room for 300 or more dancers.
Adequate sound and heating/cooling system.
Currently operating with a 25-year history or more.

On October 28, 2016 the Willowbrook Ballroom was again destroyed by a massive, multi-alarm fire.

As of early Spring 2017 the Dance of Life Foundation—a Burr Ridge-based nonprofit organization—claims to have raised nearly $2 million to rebuild the historic ballroom.

On Feb. 25, 2019 Crain's Chicago Business reported that suburban construction firm Westpoint Builders had purchased, on Feb. 13, 2019, half of the Willowbrook Ballroom site for 1.25 million dollars. When finished, the new construction on the site is said to include 168 condominiums and 42 townhomes. As of Oct. 28, 2021 there has been no announcement about the sale of the other half of the property, and the property as a whole is now apartments as of June 25th, 2023.

Notes

References
O'Hara, Delia, "Seeing is believing - Willowbrook Ballroom will be forever linked to the ghost called 'Resurrection Mary'", Chicago Sun-Times, October 26, 2003.
Stanley, Charles, "Old Family Ballroom Far from Seeing Its Last Dance", Chicago Tribune, December 27, 1996.
Meyer, Amdan, "Millennium Maple - Glorious, Historic, Legendary, Treasured Ballroom Dance Floors", Amateur Dancers, Jan/Feb 2000, Issue#123

External links
 Willowbrook Ballroom

Entertainment companies established in 1921
Buildings and structures in Cook County, Illinois
Music venues in Illinois
Tourist attractions in Cook County, Illinois
Ballrooms in the United States
Buildings and structures completed in 1930
1921 establishments in Illinois
2016 fires in the United States
Buildings and structures demolished in 2016

Willowbrook Ballroom


Anthony La Russa Jr. (; born October 4, 1944) is an American former professional baseball player, coach, and manager. His MLB career has spanned from 1963 to 2022, in several roles. He is the former manager of the St. Louis Cardinals, Oakland Athletics, and Chicago White Sox. In 33 years as a manager, La Russa guided his teams to three World Series titles, six league championships, and 13 division titles. His managerial total of 2,902 MLB wins is second only to Connie Mack's.

As a player, La Russa made his major league debut in 1963 and spent parts of five major league seasons with the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, Atlanta Braves, and Chicago Cubs. After a shoulder injury during the 1964–65 off-season, he returned to college and received a degree from the University of South Florida before playing much of the remainder of his career in the minor leagues until retiring in 1977. He then earned a Juris Doctor degree from Florida State University.

Named manager of the White Sox in the middle of the 1979 season, La Russa guided the team to an American League West division title four seasons later. In the middle of the 1986 season, he was fired by the White Sox and hired less than three weeks later by the Athletics. La Russa led the A's to three consecutive American League championships from 1988 to 1990 and the 1989 World Series title. He left Oakland after the 1995 season to manage the Cardinals, whom he led the team to three National League championships and the  and 2011 World Series titles. La Russa retired after winning the 2011 title and 34 seasons as a major league manager. Three months later, he accepted a position helping fellow former manager Joe Torre, the executive vice president for MLB operations. In 2014, he became the chief baseball officer for the Arizona Diamondbacks. In November 2019, he joined the Los Angeles Angels as a senior advisor of baseball operations. In the 2021 offseason, he was named the manager of the White Sox; he retired in 2022 due to health concerns.

In 2013, La Russa was unanimously elected to the Hall of Fame by the 16-member Veterans Committee. The induction ceremony was held at Cooperstown, New York, on July 27, 2014. On August 16, 2014, he was inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum.

Early life
Born in Tampa, Florida, on October 4, 1944, to Anthony and Olivia (Cuervo) La Russa, Anthony Jr.'s paternal grandparents had emigrated from Italy (Sicily) and his mother's family from Spain. He was raised in nearby Ybor City, Florida, where his parents had met while they were working in the local cigar factory.

The La Russa family moved to West Tampa, Florida, where Tony played American Legion baseball and PONY League baseball alongside teammate Lou Piniella.

After graduating from Jefferson High School in Tampa, La Russa was signed by the Kansas City Athletics in June 1962 as a middle infielder, with a clause that the Athletics pay for his college education at the University of South Florida.

Professional playing career
La Russa made his major league debut with the Kansas City A's on May 10, 1963, after having played 76 games with A's affiliates Binghamton Triplets and Daytona Beach Islanders in 1962. He spent the entire 1963 season in the majors, as was required by his signing as a "bonus baby". He had suffered an off-season shoulder injury while playing softball with friends, and this limited him to only 34 games in 1963, in which he hit .250. The injured shoulder bothered him through the remainder of his playing career.

Over the next six seasons, La Russa spent most of his time in the minor leagues. He made it back up to the A's, which had since moved to Oakland, in 1968 and 1969. He spent the entire 1970 season with the A's, and then late in 1971 the A's traded him to the Atlanta Braves. His final big league playing stop was with the Chicago Cubs, where he appeared as a pinch runner in one game, on April 6, 1973, scoring the walk-off winning run. He also spent time in the organizations of the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago White Sox, and St. Louis Cardinals.

In total, he played 132 major-league games, 40 in the starting lineup. He went 35-for-176, for a batting average of .199. His 23 walks pushed his on-base percentage to .292. He had 7 RBI and scored 15 runs. He made 63 appearances at second base, 18 at shortstop, and two at third base, fielding .960 in 249 total chances and participating in 34 double plays.

It was as a player with the A's that La Russa first met catcher Dave Duncan, who would join his coaching staff in Chicago in 1983. The two worked together on every La Russa-managed team thereafter, and he often credits Duncan as playing a key role in his success.

Managerial career

Early career
Having started coursework following his A's signing in 1962, La Russa graduated from the University of South Florida in 1969 with a degree in Industrial Management. He earned a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Florida State University College of Law in 1978. and was admitted to the Florida Bar on July 30, 1980. He is associated with a Sarasota law firm although he is not eligible to practice at this time. La Russa has been quoted as saying, "I decided I'd rather ride the buses in the minor leagues than practice law for a living." Shortly before graduating from FSU College of Law, La Russa spoke with one of his professors about his post-graduation plans, indicating to his professor that he had an opportunity to coach in the minor leagues and asking his professor what he should do. La Russa's professor responded, "Grow up, you're an adult now, you're going to be a lawyer."

He is one of a select number of major league managers in baseball history who have graduated from law school or passed a state bar exam; others include James Henry O'Rourke (Buffalo Bisons, 1881–84, Washington Senators, 1893), John Montgomery Ward (New York Giants, Brooklyn and Providence, late 1800s), Hughie Jennings (Detroit, 1907–20, New York Giants, 1924), Miller Huggins (St. Louis Cardinals and New York Yankees, 1913–29), Muddy Ruel (St. Louis Browns, 1947), Jack Hendricks (St. Louis Cardinals, 1918, Cincinnati, 1924–29), and Branch Rickey (St. Louis Browns, 1913–15, St. Louis Cardinals, 1919–25).

Chicago White Sox (1979–1986)
La Russa credits Loren Babe and Paul Richards of the White Sox organization for helping him to become a manager. The White Sox gave La Russa his first managerial opportunity in 1978 by naming him skipper of their Double-A affiliate, the Knoxville Sox of the Southern League. La Russa spent a half-season at Knoxville before being promoted to the White Sox coaching staff when owner Bill Veeck changed managers from Bob Lemon to Larry Doby. Doby was fired at the end of the season; Don Kessinger, former star shortstop of the crosstown Cubs, was named the White Sox' player-manager for 1979, and La Russa was named manager of the Triple-A Iowa Oaks of the American Association, choosing to manage in the minors after the White Sox had offered him his same major league coaching role.

The White Sox fired Kessinger with a 46–60 record two-thirds of the way through the 1979 season and replaced him with La Russa. The White Sox played .500 baseball (27–27) for the rest of the 1979 campaign. LaRussa, at 34, was the youngest manager in the major leagues. La Russa was named American League Manager of the Year in 1983, when his club won the AL West but fell to the Baltimore Orioles in the American League Championship Series.

The White Sox fired La Russa after the club got off to a 26–38 start in 1986. In 1986, general manager Roland Hemond, who had hired La Russa as White Sox manager, was replaced by the White Sox' broadcaster Ken Harrelson as general manager. Harrelson then fired both La Russa and coach Dave Duncan during the season. Ironically, Harrelson and La Russa were teammates at Binghamton in 1962. In later years, White Sox Owner Jerry Reinsdorf expressed regret for allowing La Russa to be fired. La Russa finished his first White Sox career with a 522–510 regular season record and a 1–3 postseason record, but added another 156-134 record in 2021-2022. Decades later, Hemond said of La Russa: "Tony La Russa is one of the most brilliant managers that I ever encountered in my baseball career. He saw things other people didn't see. There were some managers who thought he was out of line with what he was trying to do, but later on they had to respect him because it was working. There's no question he changed the way the game is played." La Russa is also commonly credited for the advent of the modern specialized bullpen.

Oakland Athletics (1986–1995)

La Russa had a break of less than three weeks before his old club, the Athletics, called him to take over as manager. La Russa and Duncan both joined the A's, inheriting a team that was 31–52 and in 7th place. They went 45–34 the rest of the season to finish in 3rd place in 1986.

La Russa managed the Oakland A's to three consecutive American League Pennants and World Series appearances from 1988 to 1990. The A's lost the 1988 World Series to manager Tommy Lasorda and the Los Angeles Dodgers. The following year, the A's swept the earthquake-delayed Bay Area 1989 World Series against the San Francisco Giants. In their third consecutive appearance, the favored A's faced manager Lou Piniella, LaRussa's childhood teammate and friend, and his Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 World Series. The A's were swept in the series. In both 1988 and 1990 the A's had swept the Boston Red Sox 4–0 in the ALCS, after winning 100 and 99 games respectively. The 1988 World Series was made famous by the Kirk Gibson game-winning home run off of A's closer Dennis Eckersley. La Russa earned two American League Manager of the Year awards with the A's, in 1988 and 1992, giving him three AL awards, the latter after again winning the Western Division.

After the 1995 season, in which the A's finished 67–77, the Haas family, with whom La Russa had a close personal relationship, sold the team after the death of patriarch Walter A. Haas, Jr. In the off-season, La Russa left Oakland to take over for the fired Joe Torre as manager of the St. Louis Cardinals. La Russa had a 798–673 regular season record and a 19–13 postseason record with Oakland.

St. Louis Cardinals (1996–2011)

In his first campaign with the Cardinals in 1996, the team clinched the National League Central division title (and also finished National League runner-up), a feat his clubs repeated in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2009. The Cardinals also tied for the National League Central crown with the Houston Astros in 2001. In 2002, La Russa became the first manager to win the Manager of the Year award four times. His fourth award was arguably the most emotional; La Russa led the Cardinals to the National League Championship Series (where they ultimately lost in five games to the San Francisco Giants) in a year in which the Cardinals were traumatized by the deaths of beloved Hall of Fame broadcaster Jack Buck and 33-year-old pitcher Darryl Kile just four days later. On September 10, 2003, he won his 2,000th career game as a manager against the Colorado Rockies, becoming the seventh to reach the mark in Major League Baseball.

The 2004 team played one of the finest seasons in Cardinals' history, as they won 105 games. After a regular season in which the Cardinals led the NL in runs scored (855) while allowing the fewest (659), La Russa's Cardinals defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League Division Series, 3 games to 1. St. Louis then took on the Houston Astros in the National League Championship Series. In a tense series with opposing pitcher Roger Clemens at the top of his game, Cardinals third baseman Scott Rolen hit a game-winning two-run home run off Clemens in Game 7 following Jim Edmonds' rally saving catch. This home run sent the Cardinals to the World Series for the first time since 1987. However, they were swept in four games by a historic Boston Red Sox team that had just surmounted a 3–0 deficit against the New York Yankees and captured their first championship since 1918.

In , the Cardinals returned to the World Series, this time with a 4–1 victory over the Detroit Tigers. The team's 83–78 regular season record is the worst ever by an eventual World Series champion, usurping the 1987 Minnesota Twins' 85–77 campaign. La Russa became the second manager to win a World Series in both the American League and National League – a distinction shared with his mentor Sparky Anderson.

When he came to St. Louis, La Russa wore number 10 to symbolize the team's drive to their 10th championship and pay tribute to Anderson, who wore number 10 while manager of the Cincinnati Reds. After winning the championship, he chose to continue wearing number 10 to pay tribute to Anderson.

La Russa led the Cardinals to the 2011 World Series, after defeating the Philadelphia Phillies in the NLDS (3–2), and then the Milwaukee Brewers in the NLCS (4–2). The Cardinals defeated the Texas Rangers in Game 7 of the World Series to win the franchise's 11th World Championship, and the third of La Russa's managerial career. He passed Bobby Cox for 2nd place on the all-time postseason wins list with his 68th win in Game 3. Three days following the World Series win, La Russa announced his retirement, ranking second all-time in postseason wins with 70, third all-time with 2,728 regular season wins, second with 5,097 games managed, and second with 33 years (tied) managing with John McGraw. He finished his Cardinals career with a 1408–1182 regular season record and 50–42 postseason record.

La Russa also became the first manager in Major League Baseball history to retire in the same season after winning a World Series title. Even though he had retired, La Russa managed the National League All Stars in the 2012 MLB All-Star Game for the final time as a member of the Cardinals. The National League won 8–0.

Return to Chicago White Sox (2021–2022)
After serving in various executive roles for MLB and for several teams, La Russa was announced as the manager of the White Sox on October 29, 2020, replacing Rick Renteria. At 76, La Russa became the oldest manager in MLB. He also became the first manager in baseball history to return to managing after being elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager. A. J. Hinch was known to be another finalist, but was hired by the Detroit Tigers instead when the White Sox decided on La Russa.

On June 6, 2021, La Russa passed John McGraw for second place in all-time managerial wins. La Russa led the White Sox to their first AL Central division title since 2008. They lost to the Houston Astros in the 2021 ALDS, three games to one.

In 2022, at 77 years of age, La Russa was the oldest manager in major league baseball, four years older than Dusty Baker. But the 2022 season for the White Sox did not go well. On June 9, La Russa faced criticism for a game costly decision he made. The White Sox were trailing 7–5 to the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Dodgers had a runner on 2nd base in the top of the 6th. The count was 1–2 on Trea Turner when La Russa issued an intentional walk on Turner which baffled everyone. The decision immediately backfired as the next batter, Max Muncy, hit a home run 5 pitches later that eventually won the game for the Dodgers. La Russa defended his decision saying "that wasn't a tough call" and that he would do it again. La Russa would do it again. This time on August 19 against the Cleveland Guardians when he walked Oscar González on a 1–2 count down by 3 in the bottom of the 7th which did not backfire this time. On August 31, 2022, the White Sox announced that La Russa was out indefinitely after undergoing tests on his heart. At that point, the White Sox were 63–65. On October 3, La Russa announced that he was retiring for good, effective immediately.

Managerial record

As of games played on August 26, 2022.

Executive career
Shortly after his retirement from the playing field, La Russa took a position with MLB assisting former managerial rival Joe Torre in matters of on-field discipline. He held this position for more than two seasons.

On May 17, 2014, La Russa accepted a position as Chief Baseball Officer for the Arizona Diamondbacks to oversee the entire baseball operations department.

After joining the Diamondbacks in 2014, La Russa was reunited with former assistants Duncan and McKay, and the general manager who hired him to manage the White Sox in 1979, Roland Hemond. On December 4, 2015, the Diamondbacks agreed to a six-year contract with free agent pitcher Zack Greinke worth a total of $206.5 million. At that time, it held the highest annual average value in MLB, exceeding $34.4 million per year, and was also the largest contract by total value in team history. La Russa was demoted to Chief Baseball Analyst/Advisor with the Diamondbacks following a disappointing 93-loss season in 2016, which also resulted in the firing of general manager Dave Stewart and manager Chip Hale. Following the 2017 season, La Russa resigned.

In November 2017, the Boston Red Sox announced that La Russa had joined the team as vice president and special assistant to Dave Dombrowski, the president of baseball operations. In making the announcement, the Red Sox indicated that La Russa would assist with player development, serve as an advisor to the team's coaches at the major and minor league levels, and serve as a consultant for Alex Cora, the team's major league manager. La Russa worked with the Red Sox for two seasons, and after Dombrowski was released by the Red Sox during the 2019 season, the Los Angeles Angels hired La Russa as senior adviser for baseball operations in November 2019.

Legacy

La Russa is second in major league history in victories as a manager (2,901), trailing only Connie Mack (3,731) and surpassing John McGraw (2,763) on June 6, 2021. He managed 5,097 games, joining Mack as the second manager or coach in American sports history to reach 5,000 games. In 2004, he became the sixth manager in history to win pennants with both American and National League teams; in 2006 he became the first manager ever to win multiple pennants in both leagues and the second manager to win the World Series in both leagues. La Russa has also joined Mack as the second manager to win World Series titles in three decades and to win pennants in four. He is one of only four managers to be named Manager of the Year in both of baseball's major leagues.

La Russa is the winningest manager in St. Louis Cardinals history, with 1,408 wins and 1,182 losses (.544) and one tie, managing the Cardinals from 1996 to 2011. He was 522–510–3 (.506) with the Chicago White Sox 1979–1986, leading the club to its first postseason appearance in 24 years in 1983, and 798–673 (.542) with the Oakland Athletics 1986–1995, winning three consecutive AL pennants from 1988 to 1990; he also holds the record for victories by an Athletics manager since the franchise relocated to Oakland in 1968.

La Russa became the leader in wins by Cardinals' managers on August 31, 2007, when the Cardinals defeated the Cincinnati Reds 8–5, passing Red Schoendienst (1,041–955) to take the title. He managed his 2,500th win against the Royals at Kansas City on June 21, 2009, becoming only the third manager to attain that win level after Mack and McGraw.

After the retirement of Atlanta Braves manager Bobby Cox in 2010, La Russa was the longest tenured manager in Major League Baseball, and with the resignation of longtime NBA head coach Jerry Sloan from the Utah Jazz on February 10, 2011, La Russa had been the longest tenured bench boss among all the Big Four sports leagues, until his retirement following his 2011 World Series victory with the Cardinals.

La Russa became eligible as a candidate for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013 through voting by the Expansion Era Committee for induction in 2014. On November 4, 2013, La Russa's inclusion on the Expansion Era ballot was announced with fellow former Cardinals Ted Simmons, Joe Torre and Dan Quisenberry. The Baseball Writers' Association of America's Historical Overview Committee listed the candidates on the ballot and voted the following December 8. La Russa was inducted into the 2014 Hall of Fame class as a manager.

In January 2014, the Cardinals announced La Russa among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.

In 2012, he became the second manager to manage the All-Star Game (2012) after retiring since John McGraw in 1933. With his All-Star Game 8–0 win in Kansas City, he became the first manager to win an All-Star Game in both leagues.

Personal life

La Russa and his second wife, Elaine, are the founders of Tony La Russa's Animal Rescue Foundation, headquartered in Walnut Creek, California, which saves abandoned and injured animals as well as running programs to bring dogs and cats to abused children, hospital patients, seniors and shut-ins. La Russa is a vegetarian. The La Russas have two daughters, Bianca and Devon, and reside in Alamo, California.

La Russa has two older daughters, Andrea and Averie, from his first marriage to Luzette Sarcone. La Russa and Sarcone divorced in 1973 and Sarcone received full custody of their daughters. La Russa married Elaine Coker shortly after his divorce to Sarcone became official.

La Russa is also personal friends with celebrities outside the sports world, such as pianist and songwriter Bruce Hornsby, Bruce Springsteen, jazz bassist Christian McBride, and heavy metal musician Robb Flynn from the band Machine Head. In 2007, at a concert in San Francisco on La Russa's birthday, Hornsby played a comedic song he named "Hooray For Tony". The original song, titled "Hooray For Tom", is La Russa's favorite Hornsby song. In the "Hooray For Tony" version, Hornsby mentions the "Bash Brothers" Mark McGwire and José Canseco (from La Russa's days as the manager of the Oakland A's), Albert Pujols, Jim Edmonds, ARF, and La Russa's World Series Championships.

La Russa is a graduate of the University of South Florida (Bachelor of Arts in industrial management, 1969) and the Florida State University College of Law (Juris Doctor, 1978).

La Russa has Italian and Spanish ancestry, and speaks fluent Spanish. His father's parents were migrants from the Italian island of Sicily and his mother's family originated from Spain. Having a father who could speak Spanish and Italian and a mother who could speak Spanish, La Russa claimed in a 2008 interview that "Spanish was my first language". He was inducted into the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 1998. La Russa was also inducted into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame on April 11, 2008, in a pregame ceremony at AT&T Park.

La Russa and his family had an uncredited extra role in the film Angels in the Outfield. The La Russas also made an appearance in an episode of Housecat Housecall, a reality show on Animal Planet presented by Purina Cat Chow, during the show's third season, which began on June 5, 2010. In 1980, La Russa appeared as a contestant on the game show To Tell The Truth, and helped fool the celebrity panel.

In June 2010, La Russa was asked about a tea party protest taking place during his game against the Arizona Diamondbacks that criticized the Diamondbacks' position against the controversial new Arizona immigration statute. La Russa expressed support for the Tea Partiers' right to free speech to protest at the ballpark. He also stated, "I'm actually a supporter of what Arizona is doing... you know if people don't fix their problems they have to take care of it themselves".

La Russa and Pujols attended Glenn Beck's "Restoring Honor" rally on August 28, 2010, in Washington, D.C., while the Cardinals were in town for a series against the Washington Nationals. La Russa decided to attend after being told by Beck that the rally was not political in nature.

Throughout the 2011 season, La Russa struggled with shingles. He originally disclosed that it was conjunctivitis, however, on May 10, after a visit to the Mayo Clinic (Scottsdale, Arizona), he disclosed that he was dealing with a case of shingles, and had to take off a few days for treatment and rest. Because bench coach Joe Pettini was named 'acting manager' instead of 'interim manager', La Russa was credited for all wins and losses during his absence.

On June 4, 2009, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that La Russa had sued the online social network platform Twitter the previous month for a fake page established under his name on the site. La Russa claimed that he had "suffered significant emotional distress (and) damage to reputation" because of the profile. The fake profile made several "distasteful references" to La Russa and his team, according to the suit. Twitter's terms of service forbids impersonation directly, stating that users "may not impersonate others through the Twitter service in a manner that does or is intended to mislead, confuse, or deceive others." Reports that Twitter had settled ("the first celebrity lawsuit against the 32-million-user site", according to the Wall Street Journal) were rebuffed on the official Twitter blog. La Russa eventually filed a request to dismiss the suit, while Twitter, whether in regard to the suit or not, continued improving its privacy protections.

In May 2014, La Russa served as the Washington University in St. Louis commencement speaker.

Legal issues
On March 22, 2007, La Russa was arrested in Jupiter, Florida, for suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol. He was found asleep at the wheel of his running SUV with the car in park at an intersection. He was booked at the Palm Beach County Jail and blew a .093 blood alcohol content, above the legal limit of .08. Calling his arrest on the DUI charge an "embarrassment", La Russa apologized to "anyone who is close to me, members of the Cardinals organization, our fans." He was defended by the organization and some players, such as Albert Pujols. On November 28, 2007, La Russa pleaded guilty to DUI, saying that it was in the best interest of all concerned. In a statement released by his attorney, La Russa said, "I accept full responsibility for my conduct, and assure everyone that I have learned a very valuable lesson and that this will never occur again".

In February 2020, La Russa was charged with DUI again, this time in Phoenix; the case was filed on October 28, 2020, a day before he was rehired by the White Sox.

In other media
In 1980, La Russa appeared as the subject in a round of the Robin Ward-hosted version of To Tell The Truth. Panelist Nipsey Russell seemed perplexed that there was another Chicago baseball team besides the Cubs. One of the imposters before the panel, when queried as to who was his best player at the moment, swiftly responded Todd Cruz. This resulted in him receiving votes. But he did not completely stump the panel.

In 2012, La Russa released his New York Times bestselling memoir, One Last Strike, which recounts his legendary last season as manager of the St. Louis Cardinals and their remarkable journey to becoming the 2011 World Series Champions from ten and a half games back.

In 2005, La Russa was the focus of a book by sportswriter Buzz Bissinger. Bissinger's Three Nights in August delves into La Russa's role as manager during a 3-game series in 2003 between his Cardinals and manager Dusty Baker's Chicago Cubs, their longtime rivals. The book received much praise from both fans and critics, though some complained that Bissinger sets out to glorify La Russa's "old school" managerial style as a direct challenge to the statistical analysis theses of Michael Lewis's 2004 book Moneyball.

As David Leonhardt of The New York Times wrote of the "stats vs. hunches" debate in an August 29, 2005 piece, "what makes this fight truly comparable to those that periodically roil the world of art history or foreign policy is that the differences between the sides are not as great as the sniping between them suggests. La Russa spends much of his time jotting down information on index cards and studying statistics in his office."

George Will's book Men at Work likewise depicted La Russa and his long-time pitching coach Dave Duncan as making more use of statistical analysis than any other team in the major leagues (this book was published in 1990, more than a decade before the Moneyball revolution).

La Russa also provided the AI for a series of successful video games, Tony La Russa Baseball (1991–1997). The games won numerous awards and featured "new" statistics selected with La Russa (and provided by prominent sabermetrics authors John Thorn and Pete Palmer) as tools for players as they managed their teams.

See also

 List of Chicago White Sox award winners and league leaders
 List of Major League Baseball managers by wins
 List of St. Louis Cardinals team records
 St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum

References
General

In-line citations

External links

Animal Rescue Foundation home page
Baseball Almanac
Tony La Russa page at stlcardinals.scout.com

1944 births
Living people
American lawyers
American sportsmen
Arizona Diamondbacks executives
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Tampa, Florida
Binghamton Triplets players
Birmingham A's players
Birmingham Barons players
Boston Red Sox executives
Charleston Charlies players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox managers
Daytona Beach Islanders players
Denver Bears players
Florida State University College of Law alumni
Iowa Oaks players
Kansas City Athletics players
Lewiston Broncs players
Major League Baseball executives
Major League Baseball managers with retired numbers
Major League Baseball second basemen
Manager of the Year Award winners
Minor league baseball managers
Mobile A's players
Modesto Reds players
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players
Oakland Athletics managers
Oakland Athletics players
People from Alamo, California
Baseball players from Contra Costa County, California
American people of Spanish descent
Richmond Braves players
St. Louis Cardinals managers
Thomas Jefferson High School (Tampa, Florida) alumni
University of South Florida alumni
Vancouver Mounties players
Wichita Aeros players
La Russa, Tony
Florida Instructional League Athletics players

Tony La Russa


Stephen Martin Walwyn (born 8 June 1956 in Southam, Warwickshire)
is an English rhythm and blues guitarist, best known for his playing with Dr. Feelgood, but who has also played with Eddie and the Hot Rods, Steve Marriott and the DTs, the Roger Chapman Band, the Big Town Playboys and his own band Steve Walwyn and Friends.
Steve Walwyn (after 32 years in Dr Feelgood) then joined up with Horace Panter (42 years in The Specials) and Ted Duggan from Badfinger, The Beat and The Selecter in The Dirt Road Band, touring from 5 March 2022.

Early career
Walwyn states his inspiration to become a guitarist was Rory Gallagher's album Live in Europe. Although he did not start to learn to play the guitar until he was 17, he formed his first band, Hands Off, whilst still at school. Upon leaving school he worked for the Civil Service for four years, whilst still playing with Hands Off.

In 1978, he became a professional musician when he was asked to join a band performing under 2 different names.  Cupid's Inspiration were a pop-act, who had had a No 4 single with "Yesterday has Gone" and a No 33 with "My World", both in 1968, but subsequent records had failed, and they were tired of the "one hit wonder" tag. The band had moved to Leamington Spa and were also writing their own rock songs, which they performed as '4 Wheel Drive', a name they soon changed to 'Chevy'.  As 'Chevy' they toured supporting bands such as Alvin Lee, Hawkwind and Gillan. As well as recording one of their two BBC in Concert Programmes, whilst Walwyn was a member, Chevy also issued three singles: "Too much loving"/"See the light", "The Taker"/"Life on the run" and "Just another day"/"Rock on" and one album The Taker in September 1980. The album received good critical reviews, but did not sell well.

In 1982, Walwyn briefly joined The Mosquitos, with Brian Helicopter, and recorded their only single, "Somethin' Outta Nothin'", before joining Leicester band The DTs. Whilst with the DTs Walwyn appeared on three albums, The DTs, Shakin' and Stirred and Messing with the Blues.  Steve Marriott, formerly of the Small Faces and Humble Pie, saw The DTs in 1987, and was so impressed he asked them to join him, forming the band Steve Marriott with the DTs, who also performed as the Steve Marriott Band, until Marriott left to rejoin Peter Frampton in the US in 1989.

Dr. Feelgood
Both the DTs, and the Steve Marriott Band, had been the support act for Dr. Feelgood on several occasions, and the Feelgoods had admired his guitar playing. On the departure of Feelgood's guitarist, Gordon Russell, in Spring 1989, Lee Brilleaux asked Walwyn to audition. He was accepted at the audition and joined the band almost immediately.

Walwyn fitted in with "surprising ease", and after just two warm-up gigs, was thrown in at the deep end, playing The Town & Country Club, a gig which was filmed for TV and issued as the LP Live in London. After another European tour, the band recorded their album Primo, during the recording of which, bassist Phil Mitchell left and was replaced by Dave Bronze. In 1992 Walwyn and Bronze wrote several tracks for the new album The Feelgood Factor, during the recording of which, in early 1993, Brilleaux was confirmed as having lymphoma.  The band were laid off while Brilleaux received chemotherapy. Walwyn was part of the briefly reformed band, for Brilleaux's last two concerts, in January 1994, which were recorded and issued as Down at the Doctors, shortly after Brilleaux's death, on 7 April 1994.

During the hiatus, Walwyn played with Eddie and the Hot Rods, The Roger Chapman Band and the Big Town Playboys.

A year after Brilleaux's death, the Feelgood's manager Chris Fenwick was still being asked if the band would reform, so he asked drummer Kevin Morris to consider this. Morris approached Walwyn and Mitchell, who were both up for it, but they had trouble finding a vocalist until they auditioned Pete Gage, who fitted in well. They went back on tour in summer 1995 and recorded On the Road Again including some more Walwyn and Bronze compositions, which was released in August 1996. In 1999 Robert Kane took over as vocalist, and the band released Chess Masters in 2000 and Repeat Prescription in 2006.  In 2021 Walwyn quit and Gordon Russell returned to the band.

Side projects
Walwyn has played numerous sessions for other artists, such as Lawrence, appearing on his Denim on Ice album.

In the 1990s Walwyn formed a side project, known variously as 'The GBs' or 'The Steve Walwyn Band', with Craig Rhind (bass) and Chas Chaplin (drums) both former members of the DTs, and now also plays as Steve Walwyn and Friends, "a band dedicated to getting back to the roots of Rhythm and Blues."

In 2013 Walwyn restarted a music venue in Leamington Spa, 'Kelly's', which used to be in Court Street but is now held monthly at St.Patrick's Club, usually on the first Wednesday of the month. In the first year, Walwyn appeared there with The Friends band, The Mosquitos, The DTs, Chevy, Mike Sanchez and others.

Steve Walwyn's debut solo album Instinct To Survive was released on 8 June 2015 on Baby Grand Records, the album contains a selection of self-written songs and instrumentals, and included the musicians Martin Cure (backing vocals), Craig Rhind (bass), Ted Duggan and Chas Chaplin (both drums).

Personal life
Walwyn is married with three children, and still lives in Warwickshire.  His interests include cricket, photography and woodworking. He is also a keen cyclist, undertaking charity rides, such as Land's End to John o' Groats, once on behalf of the Down's Syndrome Association. and again for The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association. in 1986

Album discography
 With Chevy
 The Taker (1980)
With The DTs
 The DTs ?
 Shakin' and Stirred (1983)
 Live at JB's (1986)
 Messing with the Blues (1983) ?
With Steve Marriott and The DTs
 Sing The Blues Live  CD 1988
 Live in Lindau 1988 (US Bootleg)
With Steve Marriott
 30 Seconds to Midnite (1989)
With Steve Marriott and the Official Receivers
 Steve Marriott and the Official Receivers (2000) (2 Tracks with The DTs)
With Big Town Playboys
 Hip Joint (1994)
With Denim
 Denim on Ice (1999)
With The GBs
 Kelly's Heroes (1994)
With Dr Feelgood
 Live in London (1990)
 Stupidity Plus (Live 1976–1990) (1991) Compilation
 Primo (1991)
 The Feelgood Factor (1993)
 Down at the Doctors (1994)
 On The Road Again (1996)
 Twenty Five Years of Dr. Feelgood (1997) Compilation
 Chess Masters (2000)
 Speeding Thru Europe (2003)
 Repeat Prescription (2006)
Solo
 Instinct To Survive (release date 8 June 2015)

References

External links
 Kellys venue website

1956 births
Living people
Musicians from Warwickshire
English rock guitarists
English blues guitarists
English male guitarists
English male songwriters
Dr. Feelgood (band) members
Eddie and the Hot Rods members

Steve Walwyn


The harpejji ( ) is an electric stringed musical instrument developed in 2007 by American audio engineer Tim Meeks. It can be described as a cross between a piano and a guitar, or as a cross between an accordion and a pedal steel guitar. The playing surface has a layout arranged in ascending whole tones across strings, and ascending semi-tones as the strings travel away from the player with a five octave range from A0 to A5. Harpejjis use an electronic muting system to dampen unfretted strings and minimize the impact of sympathetic vibrations.

About 500 harpejjis have been made as of 2019.

The harpejji is a descendant of the StarrBoard which was developed in the 1980s.
Its name is a portmanteau from "harp" and "arpeggio".

Technique
It is primarily played with a two handed tapping technique. It differs from other tapping instruments, such as the Chapman Stick, by way of the orientation of the instrument to the player.  The instrument rests on a stand like a keyboard, with the strings perpendicular to the player.  The instrument allows for the musician to use all 10 fingers to fret the strings, and a single hand can cover a two octave range.  New techniques for playing the instrument are beginning to surface, such as strumming with a pick. Unlike the piano, no formal pedagogy has been established for the harpejji.

Models

The harpejji is manufactured by the inventor's company, Marcodi Musical Products.

The first harpejji model, the 24-string d1, was produced from January 2008 through May 2010.  It was subsequently replaced by the k24 which also has 24 strings. The latter model includes updates to the internal electronics, a simplification of the fretboard marker system, and a change from maple to bamboo as the primary wood for the instrument.  In January 2011, the g16, a smaller 16 string model with a four octave range (from C2 to C6) and mono output, was introduced.

Sizes

Players and recordings
The first commercial harpejji recording was made by Jordan Rudess for the soundtrack to the God of War III video game. Rudess has also used the harpejji in the band Dream Theater.

The first all original harpejji album was released on March 23, 2021 by Lance Hoeppner. The album titled I AM Lance Vol.1, Harpejji Meets The Tempest, consisted of six songs written by Hoeppner and performed on the harpejji and DSI Tempest.

Stevie Wonder played his hit song "Superstition" on a 16 string harpejji on the 2012 Billboard Music Awards. Wonder has also used the harpejji in live performances, such as at the A Concert For Charlottesville in 2017. Wonder guested with the Dave Matthews Band and performed three songs with the instrument.

Two time Grammy and Oscar awards winner A. R. Rahman has used the harpejji in several of his recordings and live shows. His Oscar nominated song "If I Rise" from 127 Hours featured the instrument. In the opening episode of Season 3 of Coke Studio India, he played the harpejji in two songs: "Ennile Maha Oliyo" and "Jagao Mere Des."

The band Walk Off The Earth and guest Scott Helman can be seen playing the harpejji in their music video cover for "Can't Feel My Face". The video shows the four playing the instrument simultaneously.

Harry Connick Jr played a harpejji during a performance on episode 15 of season 19 of American Idol on April 19, 2021.

Jack Stratton of Vulfpeck released a song titled Harpejji I on the EP Vulfmon on May 19, 2023.

Jacob Collier and Cory Henry are also known to be proficient harpejji players.

References

External links
 Website of harpejji's manufacturer
 YouTube channel by manufacturer

2007 introductions
Musical instruments invented in the 2000s
2007 establishments in the United States
American inventions
Fretboard tapping instruments
Amplified instruments

Harpejji