Jean Babilée (real name Jean Gutman(n); 3 February 1923 – 30 January 2014) was a prominent French dancer and choreographer of the latter half of the 20th century. He is considered to have been one of modern ballet's greatest performers, and the first French dancer to gain international acclaim. Babilée has been called the "enfant terrible of dance."

Born in Paris in 1923, the son of a doctor, Babilée studied at the Paris Opéra Ballet School from 1936 to 1940. His dance career was interrupted during World War II because he was Jewish on his father's side.  He left Paris in 1940 when the Wehrmacht was approaching the city, but returned to dance with the Paris Opera Ballet in early 1942. He narrowly escaped being sent to Auschwitz during the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup in Paris on 16 July 1942. In early 1943 he left the city to avoid compulsory deportation to Germany as a forced laborer. He spent the rest of the war with the French Resistance, fighting with the Maquis in Touraine.

After the war, Babilée returned to dance, joining the Soirées de la Danse, which later became Les Ballet des Champs Elysées.  His birth name was Jean Gutmann, but he adopted his mother's maiden name for professional use.  Babilée enjoyed some of his greatest successes as a member of Les Ballets des Champs-Elysées and Les Ballets de Paris. From 1945 to 1950 he was principal dancer of the Ballets des Champs-Élysées, for which he created roles in ballets including Jeu de cartes, Jean Cocteau's Le Jeune Homme et la Mort, L'Amour et son amour, and Till Eulenspiegel. In several of these ballets he performed opposite his wife, featured ballerina Nathalie Philippart. In the 1940s Babilée quickly developed a reputation for his physical prowess. It was said that he could leap better than any dancer since Nijinsky, and in the 1946 premiere of Le Jeune Homme et la Mort he hung by his neck on a gallows for one minute, supported only by wrapping one arm around a pillar.

In the 1950s he danced as a guest of Le Ballet de l'Opéra de Paris and the American Ballet Theatre, before forming his own company, Les Ballets Jean Babilée. In 1972 and 1973 he served as director of the Ballet du Rhin in Strasbourg. In the early 1980s, Maurice Béjart created the solo Life for him. In 1984, at the age of 61, he performed Le Jeune Homme et la Mort with the Ballet de Marseille.

He also appeared as a stage actor and in several films.

The 2000 documentary film Le Mystère Babilée, directed by Patrick Bensard, reconstructs Babilée's career through interviews with the dancer, excerpts from his choreographic work, and recollections by observers and collaborators including Béjart, Christian Lacroix, Jean-Paul Goude and Yvette Chauviré.

References

External links

French male ballet dancers
1923 births
2014 deaths
French people of Jewish descent
Babilée

Jean Babilée


The Shades series is a series of young adult horror novels written by Australian horror writer Rob Hood. The four-volume series (Hodder Headline) includes: Shadow Dance, Night Beast, Ancient Light and Black Sun Rising.

Drawing on the  mythology of ancient Egypt, the Knights Templar and more, Hood created a series about Shadow creatures waging an anti-human war.

External links

Official Site

Young adult novel series
Australian young adult novels
Horror novel series
Australian horror fiction

Shades series


The family of rodents that include kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice and rock pocket mice is the Heteromyidae family. Most heteromyids live in complex burrows in the deserts and grasslands of western North America. Some species within the Heteromys and Liomys genera are also found in forests and can be found down as far as northern South America. They feed mostly on seeds and other plant parts, which they carry in their cheek pouches to their burrows.

Although they are very different in physical appearance, the closest relatives of the heteromyids are pocket gophers in the Geomyidae family.

Taxonomy
Family Heteromyidae
Subfamily Heteromyinae
Genus Heteromys
Genus Liomys
Subfamily Dipodomyinae - Kangaroo rats and mice
Genus Dipodomys - Kangaroo rat
Genus Microdipodops - Kangaroo mouse
Subfamily Perognathinae - Pocket mice
Genus Perognathus - Silky pocket mouse
Genus Chaetodipus - Pocket mouse (uncertain where to put it)

References
Alexander, L. F. and B. R. Riddle. 2005. Phylogenetics of the New World rodent family Heteromyidae. Journal of Mammalogy, 86:399-379.

Other websites
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Heteromyidae.html

Geomyoid rodents

Heteromyidae


Wedgefield is an industrial area in Western Australia's Pilbara region, off Great Northern Highway 2 km north of South Hedland, and was gazetted in 1973. It contains a variety of light and service industry premises, and also supports a small residential population. It was named for government surveyor Charles Wedge who, in June 1866, investigated Port Hedland as an alternative to Port Walcott to service the De Grey River pastoral industry. At the , Wedgefield had a population of 538.

Notes and references

Towns in Western Australia
Port Hedland, Western Australia

Wedgefield, Western Australia


Alexander Peter Grammas (April 3, 1926 – September 13, 2019) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager and coach. A native of Birmingham, Alabama, Grammas played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Redlegs and Chicago Cubs. He threw and batted right-handed, and was listed as  tall and . Grammas's family origins are from Agios Dimitrios, Greece.

Playing career
Grammas attended Mississippi State University and signed with the Chicago White Sox in 1949. During his third season in the ChiSox' farm system, he was acquired by Cincinnati in 1951 and continued his minor league apprenticeship in the Reds' organization. Loaned to the New York Yankees' Kansas City Blues affiliate in 1953 (Cincinnati at the time lacked a Triple-A farm team), Grammas collected a career-high 179 hits and batted .307. He was named the American Association's All-Star shortstop.

With Roy McMillan blocking his path in Cincinnati, the Redlegs traded Grammas in December 1953 to the St. Louis Cardinals; the trade marked an unusual "ping-pong" trend in Grammas' playing career, as he would bounce between Cincinnati (prior to 1954; 1956–58) and St. Louis (1954–56; 1959–62) during the 1950s. The Cardinals finally broke the pattern in June 1962 by trading Grammas to the Cubs, where he finished his career (1962–63).

Grammas was the Cardinals' starting shortstop in ,  and  and ranked no lower than third in fielding percentage among National League shortstops each season; he finished his career with a .969 overall fielding mark. He was a reserve infielder with the Redlegs and Cubs. All told, he appeared in 913 games played over ten MLB seasons, collecting 512 hits, with 90 doubles, ten triples, 12 home runs and 163 runs batted in. He batted .247 lifetime.

Managerial and coaching career
In 1964, Grammas began his managing career as skipper of the Cubs' Double-A affiliate, the Fort Worth Cats of the Texas League. Although he spent the entire year at Fort Worth, as one of the Cubs' minor league pilots he was listed as a member of the Cubs' College of Coaches that season. He then joined Harry Walker's staff as the third base coach for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1965, staying on following Walker's dismissal in mid-1967. He began his big-league managerial career when he was asked finish out the Pirates' 1969 season after Larry Shepard was fired as the team's manager on September 26. Although Grammas guided the 1969 Bucs to a 4–1 finish, Danny Murtaugh took over as the team's manager in 1970.

Grammas then returned to the Cincinnati Reds as third base coach under Sparky Anderson, spending six seasons in that post during the "Big Red Machine" era, including service on Cincinnati's 1970 and 1972 National League champions and the 1975 world champions.

After the Milwaukee Brewers fired Del Crandall as manager near the end of the 1975 season, his place was taken on an interim basis by Harvey Kuenn. But following the 1975 World Series, the Brewers set their sights on Grammas as their next skipper, and signed him to a three-year contract in November 1975. Milwaukee Brewers President Bud Selig said that Grammas was the only manager they wanted. He added, "There is no question in our mind, we got the best man available. In the years I've been in baseball, never has anybody been recommended by as broad a spectrum of people as Alex Grammas."

Grammas was, however, unable to bring the success he had seen with the Reds to Milwaukee. In 1976 and 1977, Grammas led the Brewers to consecutive sixth-place finishes in the American League Eastern Division, in which the Brewers finished 32 and 33 games, respectively, out of first place. Only the expansion 1977 Toronto Blue Jays, who lost 107 games in their inaugural season, kept the Brewers from consecutive last-place finishes under Grammas. A 10–5 start in 1976 led Sports Illustrated to publish a story praising Grammas' positive attitude and mental approach to the game. But the Brewers faded soon thereafter, losing 22 of their last 26 games.

Internal signs of trouble were evident by mid-season in 1977. With the Brewers at 39–45, Brewers reserve first baseman Mike Hegan, who was dissatisfied with his playing time under Grammas, made national news by saying "Grammas is a nice guy, but as a manager, he makes a good third base coach". Hegan added, "I think that we all expected that, when he came over here, he was going to provide motivation and leadership...but that hasn't happened". Grammas, for his part said some players  were not putting out as much effort as they had earlier in the season, that every team has players who "cop out", including the Brewers, that the team had not played up to its potential, and that "I would say there have been times that we could have put out a lot harder". After this point, the Brewers went 27–50. On November 21, 1977, Brewers President Bud Selig fired both Grammas and General Manager Jim Baumer. Grammas ended his managerial career with a record of 137–191.

Grammas then returned to the coaching ranks and the Reds in 1978 as a member of Anderson's staff; then, after Anderson's controversial firing, Grammas coached under Bobby Cox with the 1979 Atlanta Braves. In mid-June of , Anderson was hired as skipper of the Detroit Tigers, and during his first off-season as Detroit's manager, he added Grammas to his staff as third base coach, where Grammas served for 12 consecutive years (1980–91), including on the Tigers' 1984 world championship season.

Death
Grammas died at his home in Birmingham, Alabama on September 13, 2019.

References

External links

Alex Grammas Oral History Interview (1 of 3) - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection
Alex Grammas Oral History Interview (2 of 3) - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection
Alex Grammas Oral History Interview (3 of 3) - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection

1926 births
2019 deaths
American people of Greek descent
Atlanta Braves coaches
Baseball coaches from Alabama
Baseball players from Birmingham, Alabama
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Cincinnati Reds coaches
Cincinnati Redlegs players
Detroit Tigers coaches
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Major League Baseball shortstops
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Memphis Chickasaws players
Milwaukee Brewers managers
Mississippi State Bulldogs baseball players
Muskegon Clippers players
Pittsburgh Pirates coaches
Pittsburgh Pirates managers
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players

Alex Grammas


Antal Apró (8 February 1913 – 9 December 1994) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary between 1971 and 1984.

Early life
Born in Szeged, Apró was brought up in orphanages. He arrived in Makó in 1916, where he completed an elementary education. He then went to work as a house-painter in Budapest. He became a member of the Mémosz in 1930 and of the Hungarian Communist Party in 1931. In 1935, he was among the organizers of a building-workers' strike and active in the United Trade-Union Opposition. He was elected to the national board of Mémosz in 1938. Apró was arrested and interned several times for his illegal activity. In September 1944, he joined the Central Committee of the Peace Party, in charge of obtaining the weapons required for resistance.

Political career
On January 22, 1945, Apró became head of the trade-union department at the Hungarian Communist Party, moving to head the Mass Organizations and Mass Labour Department in February and the newly formed Trade-Union Committee of the Central Committee on April 13, 1945. Apró was elected an alternate member of the party Central Committee in May 1946 and later a full member, joining the executive Organizing Committee of the party in October. In 1948, he was a member of the Joint Organizing Committee of the Hungarian Communist Party and the Hungarian Social Democratic Party. Meanwhile, in 1945, he had been elected to Parliament. Apró was dropped from the highest level of party leadership between 1948 and 1951, but elected general secretary of the Trade-Union Council. He was criticized by Rákosi and Gerő in this period for "syndicalism". From August 1949 to early January 1952 and again from July to November 1953, Apró was also a member of the Presidential Council. He was appointed minister of the construction-materials industry at the beginning of 1952 and first deputy to the minister of construction in July 1953. In November of that year, he returned to the Political Committee of the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) and became a deputy prime minister. Apró served on the committee implementing the resolution on rehabilitating unjustly condemned party members, and from March 1955, on the committee dealing with the rehabilitation of the victims of show trials.

Until 1971, he was Hungary's permanent representative on the council of Comecon. On June 16, 1956, he was elected chairman of the National Council of the Patriotic People's Front. On October 6, 1956, he delivered an address at the funeral of László Rajk. He was elected a member of the Military Committee of the MDP Central Committee on the night of October 23. On October 27, he became a deputy prime minister and construction minister in the national government of Imre Nagy. The following day he joined the presidium formed to direct the party. However, he fled to the Tököl headquarters of the Soviet forces, from where he was taken to Szolnok. On November 4, he was given the industrial portfolio in the Kádár government. On November 7, he became a member of the Provisional Executive Committee of the Kádárite HSWP, heading its Economic Committee from December.

Appointed a deputy prime minister again on May 9, 1957, Apró was first deputy prime minister between the end of January 1958 and September 1961. In 1961, he was placed at the head of the government's Committee for International Relations. He was the Hungarian signatory to the agreement on building the Friendship I oil pipeline from the Soviet Union and to the documents on the nuclear-power programme. On May 12, 1971, Apró was relieved of all the posts he had held and chosen as speaker of Parliament, which he remained until December 1984. Between 1976 and 1989, he was president of the Hungarian-Soviet Friendship Society. He was dropped from the HSWP Political Committee in 1980, and at the party meeting in May 1988, from the Central Committee. On May 8, 1989, he resigned his parliamentary seat and retired from politics.

Family
He was an extra-marital child of Piroska Apró, a 19-year-old Roman Catholic cook. Antal Apró married to Klára Kovács, they had three children: Antal, János and Piroska. Their only daughter Piroska Apró is an economist. She was the wife of the Bulgarian Petar Dobrev. They have a child, Klára Dobrev, member of the European Parliament and the wife of former Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány.

References
Életrajza az 1956-os Intézet honlapján
Életrajza az 1945-1947-es országgyűlési almanachban, Budapest, 1999

1913 births
1994 deaths
People from Szeged
Hungarian Roman Catholics
Hungarian Communist Party politicians
Members of the Hungarian Working People's Party
Members of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1945–1947)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1947–1949)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1949–1953)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1953–1958)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1958–1963)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1963–1967)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1967–1971)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1971–1975)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1975–1980)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1980–1985)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1985–1990)
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Burials at Farkasréti Cemetery

Antal Apró


When growing semiaquatic plants, such as rice and taro, paddy fields are used. These fields are filled with shallow water at least part of the year. Growing these plants is very labor-intensive. A lot of water is needed. Paddy-fields started next to the Yangtze River in China, in the Neolithic. Later, their use spread to other areas in Asia. Paddy fields are built next to marshes or using terraces, on a hillside.

Deepwater rice is not grown using paddy fields: It needs water over  deep for at least a month.

Agriculture
Rice

Paddy field


Mallerstang is a civil parish in the extreme east of Cumbria, and, geographically, a dale at the head of the upper Eden Valley. Originally part of Westmorland, it lies about  south of the nearest town, Kirkby Stephen. Its eastern edge, at Aisgill, borders on North Yorkshire; and since August 2016 it has been within the Yorkshire Dales National Park.

At the 2011 census data for Wharton was included with Mallerstang, giving a total population of 173.

The head of the Eden

This narrow valley at the head of the River Eden is bounded by Wild Boar Fell and Swarth Fell to the west and Mallerstang Edge to the east.

The highest point of Mallerstang Edge is the summit of High Seat; at  this is a metre or so higher than the more prominent Wild Boar Fell. The other main high points on the eastern side of the dale are the curiously named Gregory Chapel, south of High Seat, and Hugh Seat to the south-east.

The river Eden rises as Red Gill Beck in Black Moss, the peat bogs below Hugh Seat. A little further downstream it becomes Hellgill Beck; and it traditionally takes the name 'Eden' below the waterfall Hell Gill Force, after it has been joined by Aisgill Beck, which flows down from Wild Boar Fell. The Ordnance Survey places the name change further upstream, beyond the diffluence of the Eden Sike which flows into Eden Sike Cave, one of a number of caves in the area.

Mallerstang, like many other Pennine dales, reflects the pattern set a thousand years ago by its Norse settlers (whose language is still evident in the names of many of its geographical features). Its small community is scattered along  of the dale in a series of isolated houses and small hamlets, with no village. The largest of the hamlets, Outhgill, provides a central point for the community—but after the closure of the village hall (the Travers Institute) in the 1960s, and the final closure of the post office in the 1990s, only the parish church remains. St Mary's still has a small but loyal and enthusiastic congregation, and services are held weekly.

Some notable historical people and events

The dale is closely associated with Lady Anne Clifford, and the ancient road to the east of the river is now part of a long-distance path known as Lady Anne's Way in memory of the Countess of Pembroke, who often travelled along this track while moving between her many castles. It is, however, much older than this and was used by the Romans as a route between Wensleydale and their forts along what is now the A66. A local shepherd found a hoard of Roman coins on Mallerstang Edge near the Highway in 1927. (The "Mallerstang hoard" is now in the Tullie House Museum in Carlisle.)
But the Romans were using a track that had existed at least since the Bronze Age, and there is evidence for even earlier use in recent finds of flint tools nearby.

St Mary's Church in Outhgill was founded in the early 14th century by another powerful patroness, Lady Idonea de Veteripont – but, having fallen into disrepair, was restored by Lady Anne in 1663 (as a plaque over the door records).

Pendragon Castle, was also restored (in fact more or less rebuilt) by Lady Anne in 1660. According to legend it is supposed to have been built by Uther Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Whether there is any substance to these old legends will probably never be settled, and there is no evidence from the limited archaeological investigations for any building here before the Norman castle built in the reign of King William Rufus.
The castle was one of Lady Anne Clifford's favourite places. But her heir, the Earl of Thanet, abandoned it; and over the next three centuries it gradually deteriorated.

One of the other notable Lords of the Manor was Sir Hugh de Morville, Lord of Westmorland. He was one of the four knights who murdered St Thomas Beckett in Canterbury cathedral, and legend says that he took refuge here afterwards before being banished to France. (Hugh Seat is named after him, and Wild Boar Fell, as seen from beyond the castle to the north, is said to have haunted him because in certain lights its profile strongly suggests a face and mitre: the recumbent St Thomas.)

On 24 February 1537 ten men from Mallerstang were hanged in the dale for taking part in the Pilgrimage of Grace.  The local protesters had gathered at Lammerside Castle, just north of Mallerstang, and joined the 6000 men who marched through Westmorland towards Carlisle. This uprising against King Henry VIII was put down by a military force commanded by Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, aided by Sir Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (whose seat, Wharton Hall, lies just to the north of the parish). From the many prisoners taken, 74 were picked out to be executed in their own villages.

The tradition of dissent was still alive in the 17th century when ten or more families in the dale became Quakers – at a time when all non-conformists suffered considerable persecution. The grandson of one of these Quaker families, George Birkbeck, set up the "Mechanics Institute" in London, which later became Birkbeck College of the University of London. The Quakers' strong influence in the area continued until the Wesleyans largely replaced it in the 19th century.

Two brothers from Clapham, Yorkshire, moved to the area in the late 18th century. Richard Faraday became a notable businessman in Kirkby Stephen, where a road is named after him. His younger brother, James, set up as a blacksmith in Outhgill (in the house now called Faraday Cottage). As he moved to London a year before their third child was born, the area narrowly missed being able to claim the great scientist Michael Faraday as a Mallerstang man.

The Settle–Carlisle Line

The most conspicuous structure in the dale is the Settle–Carlisle Railway, built between 1869 and 1876, and one of the last great engineering works in Britain to be built almost entirely by muscle power. It was constructed at great cost not only of money but also of human life. Twenty-five of those who died during the construction of this section of the line (both builders and members of their families) are buried in unmarked graves in the churchyard of St. Mary's. A memorial to them was erected there in 1997.

The people of the Dale

From the time of its Norse settlers until the mid-20th century, farming was the main occupation in the dale. There are also the inconspicuous remains of some small-scale coal and lead mining, but this was never very profitable and did not survive beyond the 19th century. Historically the population varied between about 250 and 350.

During the 20th century, as the small farms merged, and as machinery reduced the need for manpower, the population gradually declined. By mid-century it reached a low point of about 50; but since the late 1970s the remaining farming families have been joined by many "off-comers", attracted by the scenery to make their homes here, and the population doubled again from its lowest point.
Even though it is remote from most 21st-century amenities, Mallerstang has survived as a community, with many of its ancient traditions intact.

Mallerstang Parish Meeting

The population, with 101 on the electoral register (March 2011), is too small to entitle Mallerstang to have a Parish Council, and it has no representation by elected councillors in the nearest town, Kirkby Stephen.  Constitutionally, the civil parish has the status of a parish meeting, the lowest tier of Local Government in England. (A civil parish is quite separate from the Church of England's parochial organisation.) Three Officers are elected annually by those on the electoral register: the Parish Chair, a vice-Chair, and the Parish Clerk (who serves as both secretary and treasurer). Parish Meetings are held at least three times a year: in March, June and November (with a provision for extra meetings, if called for). The meetings are open to all residents, and those who are on the electoral register for Mallerstang may speak and vote on all matters.

The budget for the coming year and a 'parish precept' (an amount added to the Council Tax specifically for Mallerstang) are agreed at the November meeting. Parish officers are elected at the Annual Parish Meeting, held on the Thursday nearest to 25 March. (By tradition, past residents, especially those who have died during the year, are commemorated at this meeting.) At the June meeting the annual parish accounts are presented; this meeting also includes an annual report on the historic Mallerstang Charities. Among its other activities, the Parish Meeting has a Village Green Committee, and a Red Squirrel Committee, a group who are doing their best to conserve and protect the dale's small but thriving population of native red squirrels.

See also

Listed buildings in Mallerstang

References

External links
 Cumbria County History Trust: Mallerstang (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
 Mallerstang Dale website
 Mallerstang Parish Meeting webpages
  Kelly's Directory of Westmorland, 1894

Civil parishes in Cumbria
Valleys of Cumbria

Mallerstang


Zeke Manyika (born 23 February 1955 in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland) is a drummer, vocalist and songwriter.

Career
Manyika was born in Zimbabwe, but has lived in Britain for most of his life. From 1982 to 1984, he was a member of the pop group Orange Juice, and contributed to their biggest hit single, "Rip It Up". He can also be heard playing drums on singles by The Style Council such as "Speak Like a Child" and "A Solid Bond in Your Heart".  He also contributed to several albums by The The including Soul Mining, Infected and Dusk.

He was enlisted by Kate Bush in 1984 to play drums on "Running Up That Hill," but his percussion track was not included on the final version.

Manyika's solo albums to date include "Call and Response" released by Polydor and Mastercrime, released in 1989. The music video for his single "Bible Belt" was filmed in Mozambique and won the Golden Circle Award.

Manyika is mentioned several times in The Guinness Who's Who of Indie and New Wave, edited by Colin Larkin, and published in 1992: Manyika is described as providing "organic backing" to live extravaganzas organised by the UK band Botany 500. The book also mentioned that he plays drums on Hope and Despair, the debut solo album by Edwyn Collins (released in 1989 on Demon Records). Manyika also did backing vocals, percussion, and toured with Paul Weller (released on Go! Discs Records in 1992).

Zeke also works with Faze Action and has supplied Vocals for their releases "Kariba", "Got to Find a Away" and "To Love is To Grow" all from the Faze Action LP "Moving Cities" which was released on (Nuphonic) in 1999.
He also recently performed Vocals on Faze Action "Echoes of Your Mind" taken from their last LP "Body of One" he has just completed work on another Single with Faze Action due out in March 2016.

References

External links
Manyika at discogs.com

1955 births
Living people
Rock drummers
Zimbabwean musicians
Some Bizzare Records artists

Zeke Manyika


Leonard Matheson Norris, better known as Len Norris (1913 in London, England – 1997 in Langley, British Columbia, Canada), was a longtime editorial cartoonist for the Canadian newspaper Vancouver Sun from 1950 to 1988.  Called by Walt Kelly, the creator of Pogo, "the best in the business", Norris' cartoons skewered the foibles of British Columbia politics and social mores with a barbed pencil. His intricate drawings were full of subtle detail, with several sideplots tucked into the frame, with everything from sardonic pictures on the living room wall to what the kids or the cat are doing in the corner while the main action is going on, typically with painfully ironic dialogue.  Norris cartoons remain popular today even though much of their original political or social context is gone.

Recurring themes and characters in Norris cartoons included the sarcastic Amblesnide and Tiddlycove, a parody of the tweedy West Vancouver neighbourhoods of Ambleside and Dundarave; "Rodney", a caricature of an Anglo-centric monarchical Canadian; the "Socred cow" for the British Columbia government's liquor stores; and lampoons of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway.

A copy of his cartoon, showing a mythical day in the famed Studio G at CBC Radio on Jarvis Street sometime in the early 1960s, illustrating some of the luminaries of the great days of radio, has been preserved in the resurrected Celebrity Club at PAL Place in Toronto as a 15-foot mural.

Len Norris received an honorary doctorate from the University of Windsor. One of his famous "Brockton Oval" cricket cartoons was re-produced on a limited edition T-shirt for the University of Windsor's "Senior Seminar" participants in the 1960s. There is still a small private collection of both his sketches and his final art work cartoons held by a collector of political cartoons in the Windsor, Ontario, region.

References

External links
Simon Fraser University Len Norris Collection intro
SFU Online Len Norris Cartoon Archive
The SFU Library Editorial Cartoons Collection
http://www.vancouversun.com/news/This+history+Award+winning+cartoonist+born+England/9234373/story.html

1913 births
1997 deaths
Canadian editorial cartoonists
Vancouver Sun people
British emigrants to Canada

Len Norris


Jason Goulet (born February 25, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Playing career
Goulet played junior hockey in the Western Hockey League for the Saskatoon Blades and the Prince George Cougars.  He also played in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League for the Battlefords North Stars.  He began his pro career in the ECHL with the Fresno Falcons.  He then moved to the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League. He split the 2006-07 season in the ECHL with the Pensacola Ice Pilots and the Cincinnati Cyclones and the American Hockey League with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers.  He then split the 2007-08 season with ECHL teams the Bakersfield Condors and the Dayton Bombers.  In 2008, Goulet signed with the Basingstoke Bison of the United Kingdom.

On November 29, 2008, Goulet was signed by the newly-formed Rapid City Rush of the Central Hockey League (CHL). On that same day he played his first game with his new team - the Rush's inaugural home game and the first professional hockey game in South Dakota sports history. During the game he recorded the first fight in Rush franchise history when he faced off with the Colorado Eagles' Jay Birnie.

In September 2009 Goulet was signed by the Quad City Mallards of the International Hockey League.

In the 2010–11 off-season, Goulet signed a one-year deal with the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League. After a solitary season, on August 8, 2011, he moved to the Arizona Sundogs on a one-year contract for the 2011–12 season.

Career statistics

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Arizona Sundogs players
Bakersfield Condors (1998–2015) players
Basingstoke Bison players
Bridgeport Sound Tigers players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in England
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cincinnati Cyclones (ECHL) players
Dayton Bombers players
Fresno Falcons players
Kalamazoo Wings (UHL) players
Manitoba Moose players
Oklahoma City Blazers (1992–2009) players
Pensacola Ice Pilots players
Prince George Cougars players
Rapid City Rush players
Saskatoon Blades players
Ice hockey people from Winnipeg
Wichita Thunder players

Jason Goulet


The Briard (or Berger de Brie, Shepherd (dog) from Brie) is a French kind of dog. Originally, the Briard was used for herding livestock. The Briard is an old race of dogs, which is mentioned in a manuscript of the 14th century (about hunting). The Briards exist in different colors, the most common ones are pale brown and black. The Briard is a long-haired breed of dog; the short-haired Beauceron is probably the same race. The Briard is a working dog breed; it has also been used as a search-and-rescue dog, and in certain roles as a therapy dog, for example to help people with certain conditions, such as those with Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Working dogs
Dog breeds originating in France

Briard


Nesbit Township is a township in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Grand Forks-ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 130 at the 2000 census.

Nesbit Township was named for brothers James Nesbit and Robert Nesbit, pioneer settlers.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.2 km), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 130 people, 44 households, and 38 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.6 people per square mile (1.4/km). There were 52 housing units at an average density of 1.4/sq mi (0.6/km). The racial makeup of the township was 94.62% White, 4.62% Native American, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.08% of the population.

There were 44 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.5% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.4% were non-families. 11.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,083, and the median income for a family was $44,688. Males had a median income of $35,208 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,744. There were 11.4% of families and 5.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 6.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

References

Townships in Polk County, Minnesota
Townships in Minnesota

Nesbit Township, Polk County, Minnesota


The Big Blowdown is a 1996 crime novel written by George Pelecanos. It is set in Washington, D.C., and focuses on Peter Karras. It is the first of four books comprising the D.C. Quartet. The other books in this series are King Suckerman, The Sweet Forever and Shame the Devil.

Plot introduction
In 1940s Washington, Pete Karras is betrayed by his friend Joe Recevo and disabled by his former employer Mr. Burke. Karras takes up a job in Nick Stefanos' diner but when Burke's protection racket threatens Stefanos, Karras resists and ultimately gets his revenge.

Explanation of the novel's title
The title comes from something Vera Gardner says to Pete Karras in Chapter 30, describing the destructive power of an atomic blast:

"...And then there was a flash, and the town was just gone. Like a big wind had flattened it all out, blown it all away. Like a big blowdown, Pete."

Characters
Peter Karras, Jimmy Boyle, Joe Recevo, and Perry Angelos are four friends who grew up together in Washington. Angelos is an accountant. Boyle is a police officer. Karras and Recevo work as enforcers for a protection and loan sharking racket run by Mr. Burke. Mr. Burke has several other employees including chief enforcer Reed and advisor Mr. Gearhart. Mr. Bender runs a similar outfit to Burke. Nick Stefanos is the owner of a diner that he runs with his friend "Costa". Junior Oliver is an African American of the same age as the other boys.

Michael and Lola Florek are a brother and sister from Farrell, Pennsylvania. Lola moves to Washington and becomes a prostitute and heroin addict. Her pimp is Morgan and he has a madam called Lydia Fortuno. Eleni Karras is Pete's wife and the two have a son together, Dimitri. Karras is having an affair with a woman named Vera Gardner.

Plot summary
The book opens with a gravely injured Peter Karras in a D.C. hospital in 1946. The plot flashes back to Karras and his friends as children in 1933. Karras gets into a fight with a group of African-American boys and his opponent, Junior Oliver, earns his grudging respect. Next the story jumps to 1944 and the Philippines theatre of World War II. Karras kills his first man and one of his childhood friends, Billy Nicodemus, is killed. Next the book returns to 1946 and we learn Karras has married Eleni, and how he came to be injured. Karras flippant attitude upsets his superior Mr. Burke and when Karras fails to collect a debt from another Greek Burke decides to have him punished. He instructs Recevo to betray his friend Karras. Burke dispatches his enforcer Reed to assault Karras after Recevo sets him up. Reed beats Karras with a baseball bat.

When promiscuous Lola disappears in 1948 after moving to Washington her brother Mike Florek decides to search for her. Eventually Florek takes a job at Nick Stefanos' diner in 1949. Karras is now working there as a chef. Jimmy Boyle, now a beat cop, has become peripherally involved in the investigation of the murder of several prostitutes by a serial killer. Karras correctly suspects that Lola has become a prostitute and aids Florek in his search. Lola's madam Lydia is murdered by the killer and Lola witnesses the crime. Boyle locates Lola for Karras and Karras and Florek extract her from Morgan's brothel. Karras lets Florek and Lola leave town.

Burke targets Stefanos' diner for his protection racket. When Stefanos resists Burke hires Bender's outfit to pressure Stefanos and fool him into believing he needs the protection. Karras sees through the scheme and they lure Bender's men into a trap and kill them.  After rescuing Lola Karras suspects Gearhart as the murderer from her description. He enlists the help of Joe Recevo who informs Burke of Gearhart's murderous tendencies. Burke confronts Gearhart and begins to organize a cover-up. Recevo informs Jimmy Boyle of Gearhart's involvement and tells him to go to his apartment to retrieve the murder weapon. Burke dispatches Reed on the same mission. When Boyle reaches the apartment he is grievously wounded by Gearhart, who had disobeyed Burke's instructions and returned home. Boyle manages to shoot Gearhart in the struggle.

Burke realizes that Karras is the common-link between Boyle and Gearhart and confronts Recevo. He instructs Recevo to bring Karras to him. Recevo brings Karras in but the two make a last stand together and kill Burke, Reed and many of their men before being shot. The book ends with a coda set in 1959 as Stefanos and Costa visiting Karras' grave.

Literary significance and reception
The Richmond Review compared the novel to the works of James Ellroy and Eddie Bunker. In particular Karras search for redemption through his involvement in solving the prostitute murders sub-plot was described as evoking Ellroy. Reviews praised Pelecanos' dialogue and sense of place. They also remarked upon Pelecanos' use of film and music references and the cinematic nature of the book. Karras has been described as a flawed hero because of his infidelity and lack of commitment to his family. The novel's moral complexity has been praised. The use of violent set pieces has been praised as enlivening the novel.

Awards and nominations
In 1997, The Big Blowdown was the recipient of the International Crime Novel of the Year award in France, Germany and Japan.

Footnotes

Novels by George Pelecanos
1996 American novels
Novels set in Washington, D.C.
Fiction set in the 1940s
American crime novels

The Big Blowdown


The Dialectical Biologist is a 1985 book by the ecologist Richard Levins and the biologist Richard Lewontin, in which the authors sketch a dialectical approach to biology. They see "dialectics" more as a set of questions to ask about biological research, a weapon against dogmatism, than as a set of pre-determined answers.

They focus on the (dialectical) relationship between the "whole" (or totality) and the "parts." "Part makes whole, and whole makes part". That is, a biological system of some kind consists of a collection of heterogeneous parts. All of these contribute to the character of the whole, as in reductionist thinking. On the other hand, the whole has an existence independent of the parts and feeds back to affect and determine the nature of the parts. This back-and-forth (dialectic) of causation implies a dynamic process.

For example, Darwinian evolution points to the competition of a variety of species, each with heterogeneous members, within a given environment. This leads to changing species and even to new species arising. A dialectical biologist fully accepts this picture then looks for ways in which the competing creatures (which serve as the internal conflicts in the environment) lead to changes. The changes manifest in the creatures themselves, through the creatures embracing biological adaptations that provide them with advantages, and in the environment itself, as when the action of microbes encourages the erosion of rocks. Further, each species is part of the "environment" of all the others.

References

1985 in biology
1985 non-fiction books
Biology books
Books by Richard Lewontin
English-language books
Harvard University Press books

The Dialectical Biologist


Anita Tack (born 4 April 1951) is a German politician who is a member of The Left. From 2009 to 2014, she was the Minister of the Environment, Health, and Consumer Protection for the state of Brandenburg. Since 1994, she has been a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg.

Biographical details
In 1969, Tack began studying city building and territory planning at the Bauhaus University in Weimar. She finished her studies in 1973. From this point, until 1987, she worked in the Bureau for Territorial Planning of Bezirk Potsdam. In 1987, she became the deputy chairman of the State Planning Commission in Potsdam. From 1990 to 1991 she worked as an employee of the district administration authority of Potsdam. From 1991 to 1994, she was the deputy leader of the office of the PDS faction in the Landtag of Brandenburg. Anita Tack has two children.

Political career
Since 1969, Tack was a member of the SED and since 1990, a member of the PDS. From 1990 to 1997, she was also a member of the state leadership of the PDS and deputy state chairman and from 1999 to 2001, she was the state chairman of the party. In 1994, she became a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg in the 2nd voting period, acting as regional and traffic-political spokeswoman for the PDS faction, as well as chairing the Committee on Urban Development, Housing and Transport. In addition, she was a deputy member of the Environment Committee. In the 3rd voting period, from 1999, she was a member of the state parliament and a member of the main committee, as well as a regional and traffic policy spokesperson for the PDS faction and a member of the Committee on Urban Development, Housing, and Transport. In the Landtag election of 2004, she was elected to the 4th Landtag of Brandenburg through her party's state list.

After the Landtag election of 2009 and the following government change, from November 2009 until the year 2014, she was the Minister of the Environment, Health, and Consumer Protection in the third cabinet of Matthias Platzeck.

For the Landtag election of 2014, she was a candidate in the Potsdam I electoral district. In the 6th voting period, she is the Speaker of her faction for city development, construction, housing, and traffic. She works as deputy chairman of the Committee for Infrastructure and Regional Planning and is a member of the Committee for Budgetary Control.

References

External links
 Parlamentsdokumentation Brandenburg (der genaue Datensatz muss mit der Suchfunktion ermittelt werden)

The Left (Germany) politicians
1951 births
Members of the Landtag of Brandenburg
20th-century German politicians
Socialist Unity Party of Germany members
Politicians from Dresden
Living people
20th-century German women politicians
21st-century German women politicians

Anita Tack


Fort Siloso is a decommissioned coastal artillery battery in Sentosa, Singapore. It consists of 12 such batteries which made up "Fortress Singapore" at the start of World War II, and saw action during the Battle of Singapore. The fort is now a military museum open to the public. The Surrender Chambers in Fort Siloso reopened in June 2017 with a refreshed exhibition and free admission.

History

Construction

The word "Siloso" of the fort's name is derived from a Malayan word meaning "rock". There was a huge rock at the mouth of Singapore's harbour which imposed a hazard to passing shipping. With trade ever flourishing in Singapore since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, it became necessary to protect Singapore's port. Based on the report by Major Edward Lake of the British Royal Engineers, a fort was decided to be built on Pulau Blakang Mati (Sentosa) in 1874 to protect Keppel Harbour. As part of the planned fortifications, Mount Siloso's top was blown off to flatten it for the installation of coastal-artillery gun platforms. By the 1880s, several gun batteries were located on Mount Siloso and Mount Serapong (facing north towards mainland Singapore on Sentosa's northern coast) on Pulau Blakang Mati, becoming a stronghold of British naval defences in Singapore. Fort Siloso was built in 1878.

Armament
By the 1880s, Fort Siloso possessed 7-inch guns and two 64-pounder guns. In the 1890s, five 10-inch guns were also installed. These guns were operated automatically and powered from an underground electric-powerhouse. In the 1930s, twin 6-pounder guns, Quick-Firing anti-torpedo-boat guns, five large searchlights, an Operational Tower (for overall command and control), two machine-gun nests and two twin-Lewis anti-aircraft machine guns were added due to reports of an impending war (rising from an ever military-ambitious Imperial Japan). The fort was manned by both the British Royal Artillery and the locally formed Singapore Artillery Corps.

World War II
The forts were designed and built to defend Singapore against an invasion by sea from the south. However, during the Battle of Singapore in February 1942, the guns were instead turned 180 degrees inland to fire at rapidly-advancing Japanese forces approaching Singapore from the north (via British Malaya). The fort's guns were fired at encroaching Japanese positions and troops who were pushing towards the city-area northwest from Tengah Airfield. The British and local troops who were retreating from the overrun Pasir Laba Battery (in Singapore's northwest) and heading back to friendly British lines via the sea were mistaken for Japanese troops and fired upon, with at least major casualties sustained.

The building at the entrance of Fort Siloso is now known as the Surrender Chambers and has a vivid portrayal of the scenes of the British and Japanese surrenders in WWII with actual footage of the war being played interactively. This is on the upper storey, with the ground floor having been turned into a souvenir shop. During the Japanese occupation of Singapore from 1942 to 1945, the fort was used as a small prisoner-of-war camp.

Post-World War II
After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Royal Navy occupied the fort in 1946 and its guns were manned by the 1st Malay Coast Battery and Royal Artillery. Gurkha detachments from British India took over manning the guns when the British gunners were withdrawn and the 1st Malay Coast Battery was disbanded sometime later in 1946. During the Konfrontasi period between Sukarno's Indonesia and the Malaysian Federation from 1963 to 1965, Fort Siloso was manned by the 10th Gurkha Rifles to prevent Indonesian military-trained saboteurs from landing on Sentosa and Keppel Harbour slightly inland.

Fort Siloso became a Catholic retreat for locally based British forces until Sentosa was handed over to the Singapore government following the British military withdrawal starting in 1967. The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) then took control over the fort.

Fort Siloso was then converted into a military museum in 1974, displaying its history and various naval guns. Other coastal guns (both British and Japanese) from different parts of Singapore, such as a pair of Japanese naval cannons discovered and brought over from Mandai, were put here for display. It had previously held the display of the British surrender of Singapore in February 1942 until its relocation to the Former Ford Factory (the actual site of the British surrender) in Bukit Timah in February 2006.

Plans for the gazetting of Fort Siloso into a national monument began in June 2016 as it is also a wartime museum, and also a military museum dedicated to Republic of Singapore Navy. Fort Siloso was gazetted on 15 February 2022.

See also

 List of tourist attractions in Singapore
 Singapore strategy

References

External links

Page on Fort Siloso

Coastal fortifications
Siloso
Military of Singapore under British rule
Military and war museums in Singapore
Sentosa
World War II museums
World War II sites in Singapore
British rule in Singapore
1874 establishments in the British Empire
1965 disestablishments in the British Empire
Military installations of Singapore
Japanese occupation of Singapore
Military history of Japan during World War II
World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Singapore
National monuments of Singapore
19th-century architecture in Singapore

Fort Siloso


Leo Leroy Beranek (September 15, 1914 – October 10, 2016) was an American acoustics expert, former MIT professor, and a founder and former president of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (now BBN Technologies). He authored Acoustics, considered a classic textbook in this field, and its updated and extended version published in 2012 under the title Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers.  He was also an expert in the design and evaluation of concert halls and opera houses, and authored the classic textbook Music, Acoustics, and Architecture, revised and extended in 2004 under the title Concert Halls and Opera Houses: Music, Acoustics, and Architecture.

Early life and education
Beranek was born in 1914 in Solon, Iowa.  His father Edward Fred Beranek was a farmer whose ancestors came from Bohemia (in what is now the Czech Republic) and his mother Beatrice Stahle, previously a schoolteacher, had become a farmwife.  Edward's paternal grandparents Josef Beránek and Anna Šimandlová were from Nynice and Jarov respectively.

Beranek first started school in a one-room schoolhouse in Tipton, Iowa. After his first year, he rode in a horse-drawn school bus on a two-hour trip to a somewhat larger school. In 1922 his family moved back to Solon, where he was soon skipped over third grade and moved directly into fourth grade classes.  Around that time, a baby brother was born, named Lyle Edward Beranek.

In 1924 Beranek's father brought home a battery-powered radio containing a single vacuum tube. His eldest son became fascinated with both the technology and the musical aspects of radio.  In the harsh winter of January 1926, Beranek's mother died suddenly, leaving his father with huge debts and forcing his father to sell the farm within two months.  In junior high school Beranek earned his first independent money by selling silk stockings and fabric. Beranek's father remarried and moved the family to the nearby town of Mount Vernon, Iowa, where he became co-owner of a hardware store.  At his father's suggestion, Beranek learned radio repair via a correspondence course, and apprenticed to an older repairman.  The younger Beranek quickly learned the trade, and was soon able to buy a Model T automobile.  He also earned some spare cash by playing trap drums in a 6-person dance band.  He continued to excel in his studies, including a typing class (rarely studied by boys) where he was the top performer.

Beranek applied for and was accepted at nearby Cornell College in Mount Vernon, Iowa.  In the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, money was tight, but he had managed to save $500.  Worried about the shaky financial situation, he went to his bank and managed to withdraw $400 to pay his college tuition in advance.  The bank failed the next day, and Beranek lost the remaining $100.  During freshman year at college, Beranek was told by his father that he could not expect any family money and that he was on his own.  In the summers of 1932 and 1933 Beranek worked as a field hand on local farms, to earn tuition money and to improve his physical condition.  Beranek moved into two rooms above a bakery, shared with three other students to save money.  He also continued to repair radios and played in a dance band, but falling income forced him to consider dropping down to a single class (in mathematics) during the next academic year.

In August 1933 Beranek was invited to accompany the family of a local dentist to the Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago.  This was his first trip to a big city and it was a revelation.  He attended concert performances by the Chicago Symphony and Detroit Symphony daily, was dazzled by the displays of industrial products and technology, and fascinated by the international pavilions. He lived on a shoestring, spending a total of $12 for four days, but felt compelled to make a return trip the following summer.

In college Beranek became friends with a fellow student who had an amateur radio setup, inspiring him to study Morse Code and to earn his own amateur radio license.  In fall of 1933, he bought an early disc sound recorder to earn a modest fee by recording students before and after taking a speech training class.  This was his first hands-on experience with the developing science of acoustics.  By early 1934 he was forced to drop out of college and work full-time to earn more tuition money.  He found a position at the fledgling Collins Radio Company of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he studied German in his spare time.  While there, he also met and dated Florence "Floss" Martin, a business school student.  He was able to save enough money to attend the Spring 1935 semester at Cornell College, then returned to Collins Radio for the summer.

In August 1935 Beranek had a chance encounter with a stranger whose car had developed a flat tire while passing through Mount Vernon.  While helping the stranger (who turned out to be Glenn Browning), he learned that the passing motorist had written a technical paper on radio technology.  When Beranek mentioned plans for graduate school, Browning encouraged him to apply to Harvard University, a possibility he had regarded as financially out of reach.

Beranek was very busy in his final year at Cornell, running a radio repair and sales business and then transitioning to house wiring for electricity, while carrying a full course load.  He managed three major wiring jobs for Cornell, including designing and installing a master antenna system in a new men's dormitory then under construction. He also continued to date his girlfriend Floss.  Beranek graduated from Cornell College in summer 1936 with a Bachelor of Arts. He continued studies at Harvard University, where he received a doctorate in 1940.

Career
During World War II Beranek managed Harvard's electro-acoustics laboratory, which designed communications and noise reduction systems for World War II aircraft, while at the same time developing other military technologies.  During this time he built the first anechoic chamber, an extremely quiet room for studying noise effects which later would inspire John Cage's philosophy of silence.

In 1945 Beranek became involved with a small company called Hush-A-Phone, which marketed a cup that fit over the mouthpiece of a telephone receiver in order to prevent the person speaking from being overheard. Although Hush-A-Phone had been around since the 1920s, Beranek used his acoustical expertise to develop an improved version of the device. AT&T threatened Hush-A-Phone users with termination of their telephone service. At the time, AT&T maintained a monopoly on American telephone service and telephones were leased from AT&T, rather than owned by customers. The resulting legal case, Hush-A-Phone v. United States, resulted in a victory for Hush-A-Phone. In finding that AT&T did not have the right to restrict use of the Hush-A-Phone, the courts established a precedent that would eventually lead to the breakup of AT&T's monopoly.

Beranek joined the staff at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as professor of communications engineering from 1947 to 1958.  In 1948, he helped found Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), serving as the company's president from 1952 to 1969. He continued to serve as chief scientist of BBN through 1971, as he led Boston Broadcasters, Inc. which (after a court battle) took control of television station WCVB-TV.

Beranek's 1954 book, Acoustics, is considered the classic textbook in this field; it was revised in 1986. In 2012, at the age of 98, he collaborated with Tim Mellow to produce an updated and extended revision, published under the new title Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers. His famous humorous adage was "Beranek's Law", about the psychological effect of somebody's own design in comparison to other designs.

Beranek's 1962 book, Music, Acoustics, and Architecture, developed from his analysis of 55 concert halls throughout the world, also became a classic; the 2004 edition of the text expanded the study to 100 halls. Beranek participated in the design of numerous concert halls and opera houses, and traveled worldwide to conduct research and enjoy musical performances.

From 1983 to 1986, Beranek was chairman of the board of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, where he remained a Life Trustee.  He also served on the MIT Council for the Arts, "an international volunteer group of alumni and friends established to support the arts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology". In 2008 he published Riding the Waves : A Life in Sound, Science, and Industry, an autobiography about his lengthy career and research in sound and music. He turned 100 in September 2014, an occasion marked by a special celebration at Boston Symphony Hall. The Leo and Gabriella Beranek Scholarship in Architectural Acoustics and Noise Control was established in 2016 to support graduate study in the fields of architectural acoustics and noise control. Beranek died on October 10, 2016, at the age of 102.
His last paper, "Concert hall acoustics: Recent findings", had been published earlier that year.

Awards and honors
 Fellow of the American Physical Society (1946)
 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1952)
 Wallace Clement Sabine Medal of the Acoustical Society of America (1961) for internationally recognized achievements in all phases of architectural acoustics, and his publications on acoustical measurements, and the world's great concert halls.
 Gold  Medal of the Audio Engineering Society (1971)
 Gold Medal from the Acoustical Society of America (1975) for leadership in developing, in the United States and abroad, the desire and the capability for achieving good acoustics in communications, workplaces, concert halls, and communities.
 National Medal of Science in Engineering (2002)
 IEEE Founders Medal (2013)
 Rayleigh Medal of the Institute of Acoustics, United Kingdom (2014)

In popular culture
Beranek appeared on the television game show To Tell the Truth in 1962, around the time of the opening of Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City. All four panelists selected him as "the real" Leo Beranek.

Bibliography
  (The 2nd edition's title differs from the 1st edition's title.)
  (autobiography)

See also
 Building 20

References

External links
Oral History interview transcript for Leo Beranek on 26 February 1989, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
Oral History interview transcript for Leo Beranek on 30 September 1989, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Session I
Oral History interview transcript for Leo Beranek on 28 October 1989, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Session II
Oral History interview transcript for Leo Beranek on 10 August 2009, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - interview conducted by Richard H. Lyon
Leo Beranek Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2011)

Further reading
Leo Beranek, electrical engineer, an oral history. Conducted in 1996 by Janet Abbate, IEEE History Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

1914 births
2016 deaths
People from Solon, Iowa
People from Mount Vernon, Iowa
Cornell College alumni
Harvard University alumni
American people of Czech descent
MIT School of Engineering faculty
American centenarians
Men centenarians
National Medal of Science laureates
American acoustical engineers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Amateur radio people
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
Fellows of the American Physical Society
ASA Gold Medal recipients
Adages

Leo Beranek


Miguel Contreras (September 17, 1952 – May 6, 2005) was an American labor union leader. He "was known as a king-maker for both local and state politicians." Contreras was born in Dinuba, a city in California's agricultural Central Valley, to farmworker parents who had immigrated from Mexico during the 1920s under the Bracero Program.

After meeting Cesar Chávez at a rally for Robert F. Kennedy in the late 1960s, he became an activist for the United Farm Workers. He promoted the Delano Grape Boycott in Toronto, and organized lettuce workers in Salinas. He later led San Francisco hotel workers on a month-long strike. He was recruited by the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union, who made him a national organizer in Los Angeles. A contest over the leadership of the union's Local 11 led another labor leader, Maria Elena Durazo, to protest his involvement in the dispute. Durazo and Contreras later resolved their differences, and were married in 1988. The couple had one son, Michael.

In 1994 Contreras became political director of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, a Central Labor Council of the American Federation of Labor. In 1996, he was elected executive secretary–treasurer of the Fed, a post he held until his death. During his tenure as secretary-treasurer, Contreras reached out to immigrant workers and worked to firmly integrate his union into the Los Angeles political landscape.

In 2000, Contreras led Los Angeles janitors in a strike against building owners that led to their winning a favorable contract. The campaign's success made it a model for the struggles of blue-collar workers nationwide. He was also a major figure in the transportation workers' strike of the same year, enlisting Jesse Jackson as a mediator in negotiations between the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and the union. Significantly, Contreras put the County Fed's support behind that union even though it was not a member of the Fed; many saw his action as a way to build bridges between the large Latino membership in the Fed and the transit workers' largely African-American membership.  He organized one of the largest immigrant-rights rallies in United States history, which drew some 20,000 people to the Los Angeles Sports Arena.

On May 6, 2005, Contreras suffered and died from complications of a heart attack in a Downtown Los Angeles botánica, a dispensary of traditional herbal medicines, where he had gone to have his fortune told.

A high school in Los Angeles, the Miguel Contreras Learning Complex, is named in his honor. For his recognition, UC Berkeley and UCLA established the Miguel Contreras Labor Program (MCLP) to support labor education.

References

American trade union leaders
Trade unionists from California
American people of Mexican descent
People from Dinuba, California
2005 deaths
1952 births

Miguel Contreras


A container garden or pot garden is a garden that is in containers instead of in the ground.
A container in gardening may be of various sizes. It may or may not be easily portable. and is used for showing live flowers or plants. It may take the form of a pot, flower box, tub, pot, basket, tin, barrel or hanging basket.

Methods
Pots, made of terracotta or sometimes plastic, and window boxes have been the most common containers. Terracotta containers are usual for long-term use in back yards. The reason is that they are porous, and water evaporates through the pores. This keeps the contents aerated. Plastic pots are usually for short-term use, and often sold complete with flowers and earth. Window boxes are shallow and open, and may be used for above-ground windows.

Small pots are commonly called flowerpots.

References

Gardening
Flowers

Container garden


David Clifford Wickersham (September 27, 1935 – June 18, 2022) was an American baseball pitcher who played ten seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB).  He played for the Kansas City Athletics, Detroit Tigers, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Kansas City Royals from 1960 to 1969.

Early life
Wickersham was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, on September 27, 1935.  He attended high school in East Springfield, where he excelled in several sports.  He attended Taylor University. He later attended Ohio University, where he played with the Ohio Bobcats for two years.  He was signed as an amateur free agent by the Pittsburgh Pirates before the 1955 season.

Career

Wickersham played six seasons in the minor leagues from 1955 to 1960.  He was acquired by the Kansas City Athletics in the 1959 minor league draft.  He made his MLB debut for the franchise on September 18, 1960, nine days before his 25th birthday, pitching two innings, giving up an earned run, and striking out one in a 9–2 loss against the Cleveland Indians.  In 1962, he posted an 11–4 win–loss record and led American League pitchers with a .733 winning percentage, and went 12–15 with a 3.78 earned run average (ERA) the following year. He was traded along with Jerry Lumpe and Ed Rakow from the Athletics to the Detroit Tigers for Rocky Colavito, Bob Anderson and $50,000 on November 18, 1963.

Wickersham enjoyed his most productive season for Detroit in 1964, when he went 19–12 with a 3.44 ERA and posted career-numbers in strikeouts (164), starts (36), complete games (11), appearances (40), and innings pitched (254.0). He was in consideration that year in the American League MVP vote. His 19 victories also was a career-mark, missing a 20-win season due to an ejection in his last start from a ballgame which was tied 1–1 in the 7th inning. Mickey Lolich relieved him and earned a 4–2 win.  Wickersham was ejected after calling time out three times to try to keep a base runner from advancing as Norm Cash argued with the call by Bill Valentine.  Valentine later expressed regret for the call, saying he had been "too impulsive" in his ejection.  However, Wickersham wrote him a letter in 2004, reassuring the ump that he made the right call, in an attempt to relieve him of his burden.

Wickersham also pitched for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Kansas City Royals.  He was traded by the Tigers to the Pirates for Dennis Ribant on November 28, 1967.  He played his final major league game on July 26, 1969, at the age of 33.  Over his 10-season MLB career, Wickersham posted a 68–57 record with 638 strikeouts and a 3.66 ERA in 1,123 innings, including 29 complete games, five shutouts and 18 saves.  Notably, he was one of three players (along with fellow pitchers Aurelio Monteagudo and Moe Drabowsky) to play for both Kansas City-based major league teams, the Athletics and Royals.

In 1989, Wickersham was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Wickersham married Carol Sue Larson in 1964.  They remained married for 48 years until her death from cancer in 2012.  Together, they had four children: Davey, Carey, Mandy, and Matthew.

Wickersham died on June 18, 2022, at the age of 86.

References

External links

 Dave Wickersham - Baseballbiography.com

1935 births
2022 deaths
Baseball players from Erie, Pennsylvania
Beaumont Pirates players
Burlington-Graham Pirates players
Columbus Jets players
Columbus/Gastonia Pirates players
Detroit Tigers players
Grand Forks Chiefs players
Kansas City Athletics players
Kansas City Royals players
Lincoln Chiefs players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Omaha Royals players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Salt Lake City Bees players
Shreveport Sports players

Dave Wickersham


The Rule in Dumpor's Case is a common law rule of property law first set forth by Sir Edward Coke in 1578 (4 Coke 119b [1578]), in the case of Dumpor v. Syms.  In its most basic form, it states that once a landlord has consented to an assignment of a tenant's interest in a leasehold estate, the landlord implicitly consents to all future assignments by the assignee.

This rule is still operative in some U.S. states and some other jurisdictions which follow English common law. The rule was abolished in England in 1859, as it has been in a number of U.S. states, but this does not automatically invalidate the rule in other jurisdictions which follow English common law. Parties sometimes seek to contract around the rule by putting a clause in the lease agreement (or in the document approving an assignment) reserving the landlord's right to approve or disapprove a future assignment. Whether this is valid, or how the parties may circumvent the rule in a different way if they are in a jurisdiction that follows the rule, depends the law of the jurisdiction where the real property is located.

External links
 Law review article mentioning the rule

Real property law
Common law rules
1578 in English law
16th century in case law
1578 in England
Edward Coke cases

Rule in Dumpor's Case


Sir Evan Williams, 1st Baronet, of Glyndwr (2 July 1871 – 3 February 1959) was a Welsh industrialist.  As Chairman of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Coalowners Association and later President of the Mining Association of Great Britain, he exerted considerable influence on the mining industry in the UK.

Williams was born at Pontarddulais, the son of mine-owner Thomas Williams, and was educated at Christ College, Brecon, and Clare College, Cambridge.  Having taken over his father's business, Thomas Williams and Sons (Llangennech), Ltd, he became chairman of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Coalowners Association in 1913 and was a member of the Sankey Commission of 1919, which recommended public ownership of the coal industry. He was subsequently President of National Board for the Coal Industry, 1921-1925.  Among other things, he was president of the Mining Association of Great Britain, President of National Confederation of Employers' Organisations, 1925–26; Chairman of the Central Council under Coal Mines Act (1930) to 1938; Chairman of the International Conference of European Coalowners' Organisations; Chairman of the Joint Standing Consultative Committee for the Coal Trade of Great Britain, 1936-1944; President of the British Colliery Owners' Research Association, Coal Utilisation Joint Council, and of the British Coal Utilisation Research Association.

On 10 July 1935 he was created 1st Baronet Williams of Glyndwr in the County of Carmarthen.  Companies of which he was a director included the Steel Company of Wales Ltd and Lloyds Bank.

References

1871 births
1959 deaths
Welsh industrialists
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom

Sir Evan Williams, 1st Baronet


Leon Jan Wyczółkowski (24 April 1852 - 27 December 1936) was a Polish artist of the Young Poland period.

Leon Wyczółkowski was a versatile artist, he created works using many technics - painting and graphic.

Biography
He was born in Huta Miastkowska near the Garwolin. In autumn 1875 he left to the Munich, where he start learning in the atelier of the Hungarian painter - Alexander von Wagner. In 1877 he started learning in the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków as a student of Jan Matejko. In 1880 he come back to Warsaw, when he earned his living mainly by painting portraits. In 1880 he moved to Ukraine where he spend more then 10 years of his life. In this Ukrainian period he painted his most famous pictures presenting rural life. In October 1895 he got a job as a lecturer in the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.

In 1922 he handed over a collection of asian art to the National Museum in Poznań. For the donation, the painter received the manor house in Gościeradz near Bydgoszcz. He moved to the Gościeradź, where he created atelier. He died from pneumonia in 1936 in Warsaw. Gathering crowds funeral took place in Bydgoszcz. He was buried in the cemetery in Wtelno.

In 1937 Franciszka Wyczółkowska - wife of painter handed over to the city of Bydgoszcz 425 pictures and graphics, sketchbooks, personal things and atelier equipment of Leon Wyczółkowski. Since then, the regional museum in Bydgoszcz has been gradually expanding its collection by purchasing more works by the artist.

Gallery

Polish artists
1852 births
1936 deaths

Leon Wyczółkowski


Flavius Marcianus (Greek: Μαρκιανός,  AD 469–484) was a member of the Leonid dynasty.  The son of the Western emperor Anthemius, Marcianus married Leontia, the daughter of the Eastern Roman emperor Leo I.  He was consul twice, and in 479 unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the emperor Zeno. After his capture he was forced to become a monk; he escaped and raised an army but was defeated and recaptured by Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes.  In 484, when the Isaurian general Illus revolted against Zeno, Marcianus was freed and Illus proclaimed him emperor, before deposing him in favour of Leontius.

Biography

Marcianus was a member of several Roman imperial families. His father was Anthemius, Western Roman emperor between 467 and 472, who descended from Procopius, usurper in 365–366 against Emperor Valens and relative of Emperor Julian's (360-363). Marcianus's mother was Marcia Euphemia, daughter of Marcian (Eastern Roman Emperor in 450–457) with an unknown woman. Marcianus had three brothers - Anthemiolus, who died in Gaul in 471, Procopius Anthemius and Romulus - and a sister, Alypia, wife of the Western magister militum Ricimer.

To strengthen the bonds between the Western and Eastern Roman empires, Marcianus married Leontia, daughter of the Eastern Roman Emperor Leo I and his wife Verina (the elder sister of Leontia's, Ariadne, had married the powerful general Zeno), and was chosen as consul without colleague twice, in 469 and 472.

At the death of Leo I, he was succeeded by Marcianus' nephew Leo II, son of Zeno and Ariadne, but the young Emperor died that same year at the age of 7. Zeno, who had been proclaimed joint emperor with his son, became the only Eastern Roman Emperor, but his succession was not welcomed by many. The people of Constantinople considered him a barbarian because of his Isaurian origin (he had even changed his original name, Tarasicodissa, to the Greek Zeno), while some preferred Marcianus to him as his wife, Ariadne, was born while Leo I was an obscure soldier, while Leontia was born while Leo was Emperor. Zeno's power was challenged by Basiliscus, Verina's brother, who succeeded in overthrowing Zeno in 475 and held power for one year before Zeno took back the throne.

In 479 Marcianus tried to overthrow Zeno. With the help of his brothers Procopius Anthemius and Romulus, he gathered troops composed of both citizens and foreigners in the house of a Caesarius, south of the Forum of Theodosius in Constantinople, and from there they marched simultaneously on the Imperial palace and on the house of Illus, an Isaurian general who supported Zeno. The Emperor almost fell into the hands of the rebels, who, during the day, overwhelmed the imperial troops, who were attacked also by the citizens from the roofs of their houses. During the night, however, Illus brought an Isaurian unit quartered in nearby Chalcedonia into the city and corrupted Marcianus's soldiers, who allowed Zeno to flee. On the following morning Marcianus, understanding that his situation was desperate and that the reinforcements of the Gothic general Theodoric Strabo would not arrive in time, took refuge in the church of the Holy Apostles, but was arrested with his brothers.

He was sent to Caesarea in Cappadocia with his brothers. With the help of some monks, he tried to escape, but, while his brothers succeeded, he was captured and obliged to become a monk in Tarsus (Cilicia), or imprisoned in Isauria, in the fortress of Papurius. He tried to escape a second time, and this time he succeeded, but, after gathering new troops and attacking Ancyra, he was defeated and captured by Trocundes, Illus' brother.

In 484 Illus organised a revolt against Zeno. As he did not want to take the purple for himself, he freed Marcianus and proclaimed him Emperor. Illus freed Verina, too (Zeno had previously exiled her), but then decided to depose Marcianus and elevate Leontius to the throne; Marcianus was then sent to Italy to ask for Odoacer's help.

Notes

Bibliography
 Evagrius Scholasticus, Historia ecclesiastica, 3.26.
 John of Antioch, fragment 211.3-4, 214.2.
 Theodorus Lector, 116.10-19.
 Theophanes the Confessor, 126.35-127.11.
 John Bagnall Bury, "X.2 The Revolts of Marcian and Illus (A.D. 479‑488)", in History of the Later Roman Empire, Dover Books [1923], 1958. pp. 395, 397–398.
 Mathisen, Ralph W., "Anthemius (12 April 467 - 11 July 472 A.D.)", De Imperatoribus Romanis
 Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, v. 1, pp.

5th-century deaths
5th-century Roman usurpers
5th-century Roman consuls
Byzantine usurpers
House of Leo
Imperial Roman consuls
Year of birth unknown
Sons of Roman emperors

Marcianus (son of Anthemius)


Andreas Mölzer (born 2 December 1952) is an Austrian politician and former Member of the European Parliament for the Freedom Party of Austria.

Biography
Born in Leoben, Styria, Andreas Mölzer is of Styrian origin and attended grammar school in Knittelfeld. After serving in the Austrian Army, he studied Law, History and Sociology at the Graz University. He became a member of a Student Corps. From 1979 to 1981 he was assistant at law departments. He left university in 1982 without graduating and became editor-in-chief of the Kärntner Nachrichten newspaper. From 1991 until 1994 he was an elected member of the Bundesrat and president of the Freedom Party's Academy.

From 1999 until 2002, Mölzer was cultural advisor of Jörg Haider, governor of Carinthia. In 2004, Mölzer was elected as the only MEP for the Freedom Party. In 2005, he was expelled from the Freedom Party for being a harsh critic of Jörg Haider and his faction, but was readmitted after Heinz-Christian Strache took over the party.
Andreas Mölzer is married and has six children. He lives in Carinthia.

Politics
Mölzer is a leading figure of the pan-German wing of the Freedom Party. He defines himself as a "cultural German" and often publishes articles in the Junge Freiheit.

In the European Parliament, Mölzer is known for trying to create a network of right-wing-MEPs, including the French Front National, the Italian Fiamma Tricolore and others. The formation of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty group was an effect of his efforts. he was Deputy Leader of the group. He sat on its Committee on Constitutional Affairs, and was a substitute for the Committee on Culture and Education and a member of the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee.

In April 2014, Mölzer pulled out of the European elections  over controversy sparked by remarks he made at a party meeting.

Media
Mölzer has been publishing in the Die Presse and the Kronen Zeitung, Austria's leading tabloid, since 1998. Since 1997, he is editor-in-chief of the right-wing-weekly Zur Zeit, which is seen as Austrian pendant to Germany's Junge Freiheit, for which Mölzer contributes an article on European Affairs every week. He has also been writing and editing several books on political or history topics.

Mölzer has published several lyrical and prosaical works. His lyrics ("Earth-brown tides / roll crowding / mightily through the country") is interpreted in a political context. However, it is said that the situation depicted in the poem could have been avoided. His novel "Der Graue" was criticized as it became subject of a public debate in 2014. This novel tells the tale of a survivor of a nuclear war who wanders and rapes through an apocalyptic landscape. The daily newspaper Kurier called the novel as "crazed fantasy of violence" and summarised its ending as follows: ''"From a folkish perspective, everything in the gray finds its happy ending: the aryan finds his female, saves the species - and is allowed to die."

See also
2004 European Parliament election in Austria

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
People from Leoben
Freedom Party of Austria MEPs
MEPs for Austria 2004–2009
MEPs for Austria 2009–2014
German nationalism in Austria
German nationalists

Andreas Mölzer


Joseph O'Sullivan (25 January 1897 – 10 August 1922), along with fellow Irish Republican Army (IRA) (London Battalion) volunteer  Reginald Dunne, shot dead Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson outside Wilson's home at 36 Eaton Place, Belgravia, London on 22 June 1922. Convicted by a jury, he was sentenced to death by Mr Justice Shearman. Despite a petition of 45,000 signatures, and a plea for clemency from many prominent figures at the time, including playwright George Bernard Shaw, O'Sullivan and Dunne were hanged for the murder on 10 August 1922 at Wandsworth Prison. The event provided the inspiration for the film Odd Man Out.

O'Sullivan's father, John, was originally from Bantry, County Cork, and had moved to London as a young man where he eventually became a successful tailor. O'Sullivan's mother, Mary Ann O'Sullivan (née Murphy), was born in Inniscarra, County Cork. O'Sullivan was the youngest of thirteen children, all born in London, although only eleven survived to adulthood. As a boy he attended St Edmund's College, Ware. On 25 January 1915 (his eighteenth birthday) O'Sullivan enlisted into the Royal Munster Fusiliers, and later transferred to the London Regiment and served with the rank of lance corporal  during the First World War and lost a leg at Ypres in 1917.

On being discharged from the army in 1918, O'Sullivan was employed by the Ministry of Munitions and, when the war ended, was transferred to the Ministry of Labour where he worked as a messenger. The Ministry of Labour was located in Montagu House, later demolished and replaced by the present day Ministry of Defence. Montagu House was located adjacent to Scotland Yard.

He became a member of the IRA detachment in London, and was named by Rex Taylor as being responsible for the execution of Vincent Fovargue as a British spy at the Ashford Golf Links, Middlesex, on 2 April 1921 with a label pinned to his body stating "Let spies and traitors beware, IRA". Fovargue had been an officer in the Dublin IRA.

O'Sullivan's brother, Patrick, the first Vice-Commandant of the London IRA during its early days in 1919 but was seconded to the Cork No. 1 Brigade during the Anglo-Irish War. Patrick O'Sullivan had also served in the London Regiment during the First World War, along with another brother, Aloysius, who was discharged from the army in 1916 suffering from shell shock. Patrick O'Sullivan was also wounded in a gas attack during the First World War. He fought with the Anti-Treaty IRA during the Civil War and was wounded ten days after his brother was executed.
Shortly before that, he had crossed over to England to participate in an abortive attempt to rescue Dunne and his brother.

In 1923, John O'Sullivan tried to have the remains of his son and Dunne released for a funeral Mass. But it was not until after the abolition of capital punishment in the UK that Patrick O'Sullivan, with the assistance of the Irish Republican National Graves Association, was able to arrange for the bodies of Joseph O'Sullivan and Reginald Dunne to be sent to Ireland for burial. In mid August 1929 Irish Republicans in London unveiled a plaque commemorating Dunne and O'Sullivan. In 1967, after some political and diplomatic debate by the British and Irish governments, the British Government allowed the bodies of Dunne and O'Sullivan to be exhumed. They were subsequently reburied in Deans Grange Cemetery, County Dublin, Ireland.

Notes

1897 births
1922 deaths
20th-century executions by England and Wales
British Army personnel of World War I
Burials at Deans Grange Cemetery
Executed Irish people
Executed assassins
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) members
Irish amputees
Irish politicians with disabilities
Irish nationalist assassins
Irish people of World War I
People educated at St Edmund's College, Ware
Criminals from London
People of the Irish War of Independence
Royal Munster Fusiliers soldiers

Joseph O'Sullivan


Chaukhutia is a town in Almora district of Uttarakhand. It is located on the bank of the river Ramganga, and derives its name from a Kumaoni word "Chau-khut" which means four feet. In Chaukhutia's context, 'four feet' means four ways or directions. The first way is towards Ramnagar, second towards Karanprayag, third towards Ranikhet and Almora and the fourth way is towards Tadagtaal, Kheera.

A group of small temples dating back to 9th century AD were found in Chaukhutia, during an excavation in 2016-17. The temples, according to traditions of the architecture, were constructed around 9000 years ago. Some of the temples didn't have roofs, but shivalingas inside the temples were still intact. These temples were considered to be a part of a large group of temples that were buried, perhaps, by debris of landslide long back.

Temples and history

Kali Temple, known locally as Agneri Devi Temple, is dedicated to the Hindu Goddess Kali, and is situated around 0.5 kilometres from Chaukhutia, on Jaurasi road, near Dhudalia village on the bank of Ramganga River. Every year Ashtami Mela (a fair) is organised at the temple. Lakhanpur temple is 6  km from Chaukhutia in Jaurasi-Chaukhutia road. This temple belongs to the Katyuri kings. A small fair is also held here every year in October–November(near to Krishnajanmatmi). Vaishno Devi's temple and the ancient forts and ruins of Katyuri dynasty are also in the area.

This is also an agricultural valley, where rice, wheat and mangoes are grown. Nearby towns include Masi (13 km) and Dwarahat (22 km). Chaukhutia is also known as Vairaat. The story is that the present Chaukhutia was the capital of King Virata of Mahabharata. Pandav five brothers and their wives took that place, and when they were going to heaven for moksha they stayed in the area for a few days. Bheem washed her cloth in Tadagtaal Lake but when he was leaving the taal he mark four finger hole in taal (lake) so tadag river came from there. Which meets in ramganga (the Tadagtaal Lake is a pure place in Uttarakhand). This is smaller than Nainital Lake.

Locality
There are more than 101 (gramsabha) villages in the Chaukhutia region. Chakhutia is a center of those villages, including Maal dhon, Ritachoura, Bijrani, Rewari, Gwelchora, Chandikhet, Dhudalia, Sungari, Ganai, Bhatkot, Shakle, Jhalla, Haat, Udlikhan, Digaut, Pipaldhar, Birkhumu, Jamania and Rampur. Bakhli, Baskenia, Bakhali, Baralgaw, Godi, Amsyari, Tedagaun, kotuda, Rampur, Maneyia, Taal, Kheeda, Pakhakhareek, Nawad, Jamrad, Asethi, Bhijlim, Bagdi, Prempuri, Akheti, Jukanauli, Gwali, Ghangholi, Basbhida, Dwarahat, Malla Tajpur, Naigad, Khata, Aamdai, Songau, Agargau, Jourashi, Bhalt Gaon, Bhoara Gaon, Chaani, Dang, Korni, Jaurasi, Jala, Farika, Gajar, Jairambakhal, Khadaktaya, Agarmanral, Bramaha Dev Chauri  Talli Khatyari, Bichli Khatyari, Malli Khatyari and others.

Transport
National Highway 109 connects Chaukhutia to the cities of Almora, Dwarahat, Karnaprayag and Haldwani. Regular buses ply between Chaukhutia and Ramnagar.

There have been plans to link Chaukhutia to Ramnagar with a Rail line. This rail line would be instrumental in bringing Gairsain, the proposed capital of Uttarakhand, on the Railway map. There have also been speculations about another railway line, that would connect Chaukhutia to Bageshwar via Garur.

Construction of an Chaukhutia Airport also announced in 2017.

Sources
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090704061713/http://www.indiatourism.com/uttaranchal-tourism/chaukhutia-tourism.html
 http://wikimapia.org/#lat=29.8835555&lon=79.3499994&z=15&l=0&m=a&v=2

References

Cities and towns in Almora district

Chaukhutia


"Virtù e Fortuna" is the third episode in the second season of the HBO science fiction western thriller television series Westworld. The episode aired on May 6, 2018. It was written by Roberto Patino and Ron Fitzgerald, and directed by Richard J. Lewis.

Plot summary
In The Raj, another Delos park modeled after British India, the hosts turn rogue and kill guests. Grace, a guest, escapes into Westworld, jumping into a large lake to evade a Bengal tiger host, and ends up ashore surrounded by Ghost Nation warriors.

Two weeks after Dolores' revolt, Karl and Delos security forces escort Bernard to the Westworld control facility, where they meet Charlotte. Bernard, still malfunctioning, flashes back to after he and Charlotte set out to find the Peter host. In the past, the two find Peter held with other guests by Rebus and his gang. They lure Rebus away, reprogram him to kill his fellow gang members, and recover Peter, but the noise draws Confederados to capture Bernard and Peter; Charlotte escapes and later regroups with a Delos security team, preparing to clear the sector of rogue hosts.

Dolores, Teddy and Angela lead her Horde, those hosts she has reprogrammed, to Colonel Brigham and the main Confederados forces, requesting shelter in exchange for advanced Delos weapons. Bernard and Peter are brought to the fort, and Dolores, seeing the state Peter is in, asks Bernard to repair him. Bernard discovers that Peter was programmed with a rudimentary personality to mask a large cache of encrypted data and a tracking signal. Dolores has Brigham prepare for an attack by mining the area outside the fort with nitroglycerin. Delos forces attack the next day, during which Charlotte leads a small force to recover Peter. Dolores orders the Horde inside and barricades the fort, sacrificing the Confederados to lure Delos onto the minefield, stopping the attack. Craddock is furious Dolores used them, but she restrains him and orders Teddy to kill Craddock and his surviving commanders. Teddy spares them instead. Meanwhile, a confused Bernard is knocked out by Clementine.

Elsewhere Maeve, Hector and Lee encounter members of the Ghost Nation, who demand they turn over Lee. Maeve finds she cannot control the hosts, and they flee back underground. Before Delos forces catch them, Armistice arrives and brings them to another access point, where she is holding Felix and Sylvester. The group returns to a snowy part of Westworld, and while they set up camp, Lee finds a severed head with a samurai helmet. He tries to warn the others as a samurai warrior rushes the group.

Production
"Virtù e Fortuna" was written by Roberto Patino and Ron Fitzgerald, and directed by Richard J. Lewis. According to executive producer Jonathan Nolan, a plot twist planned for this episode was rewritten after Reddit users figured it out.

Music
The scenes at the Raj park feature a cover of The White Stripes' "Seven Nation Army" arranged by Ramin Djawadi.

Reception

Ratings
"Virtù e Fortuna" was watched by 1.63 million viewers on its initial viewing, and received a 0.6 18–49 rating representing a 0.1 dip from the previous week.

Critical reception
"Virtù e Fortuna" received critical acclaim from critics. The episode currently has an approval rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes and has an average rating of 7.68/10, based on 37 reviews. The site's consensus reads: "'Virtù e Fortuna' exposes the show's playful side as it expands its borders to explore exciting new territory—though its plodding plot continues to frustrate."

IGN gave the episode a rating of 8.1 out of 10. Cheryl Eddy of io9 said the episode had "violent delights abound". Matt Miller of Esquire said "fans finally got the twist they were waiting for". Paul Tassi of Forbes claims the second season does not "work as an action blockbuster".

Notes

References

External links

  at HBO.com

2018 American television episodes
British India in fiction
Westworld (TV series) episodes

Virtù e Fortuna


V-Blocks are precision metalworking jigs typically used to hold round metal rods or pipes for performing drilling or milling operations. They consist of a rectangular steel or cast iron block with a 120 degree channel rotated 45-degrees from the sides, forming a V-shaped channel in the top. A small groove is cut in the bottom of the "V". They often come with screw clamps to hold the work.  There are also versions with internal magnets for magnetic work-holding. V-blocks are usually sold in pairs.

External links

 How to make a V-block

Boilermaking
Metalworking
The inventor of an improved magnetic V-block was Harold Arlington Spanker
http://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/US2449255.pdf

V-block


Pieter "Piet" Jongeling (31 March 1909 in Broeksterwâld - 26 August 1985 in Amersfoort), also known by the pen name Piet Prins, was a Dutch politician and author of children's books. He was a member of the Reformed Political League (GPV) and of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands.

Journalism
Jongeling worked as a journalist for the anti-revolutionary newspaper Nieuwe Provinciale Groninger Courant. In 1941, during the German occupation, the publication was banned, and in 1942, Jongeling was sent to the Amersfoort concentration camp, later being transferred to Sachsenhausen. After the war, Jongeling became editor of Nieuwe Provinciale Groninger Courant, but later left to become editor of De Vrije Kerk.

Politics
Jongeling was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party, but left when the Reformed Political League (GPV) split off from the ARP. The GPV was associated with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated), which had formed in 1944. Jongeling was elected to the House of Representatives in 1963, and served until 1977 as leader of the GPV.

Jongeling was a supporter of the Dutch monarchy and opposed the legalization of abortion.

Children's books
Jongeling wrote a number of children's books under the pen name "Piet Prins". Most famous among there are the Scout series (Snuf in the original Dutch). Other series include The Four Adventurers and Wambu.

The books have been translated into English. by Harry der Nederlanden or James C. van Oosterom.  The books were frequently illustrated by Jaap Kramer.

Scout Series

 (1) Scout: The Secret of the Swamp
 (2) Scout: The Haunted Castle
 (3) Scout: The Flying Phantom
 (4) Scout: The Sailing Sleuths
 (5) Scout: The Treasure of Rodensteyn Castle
 (6) Scout: The Mystery of the Abandoned Mill
 (7) Scout's Distant Journey

Shadow Series

 (1) The Lonely Sentinel
 (2) Hideout in the Swamp
 (3) The Grim Reaper
 (4) The Partisans
 (5) Sabotage

Sheltie Series

 (1) The Curse of Urumbu
 (2) The Search for Sheltie

Struggle Series

 (1) When the Morning Came
 (2) Dispelling the Tyranny
 (3) The Beggars' Victory
 (4) For the Heart of Holland

The Four Adventurers Series

 The Four Adventurers Meet the Evil Professor
 The Mystery of the Three-Fingered Villain

Wambu Series

 (1) The Chieftain's Son
 (2) In the Valley of Death
 (3) Journey to Manhood

Other books:

 Rob and Roland
 Rob and Roland on the Farm
 Anak, the Eskimo Boy
 Run, Kevin, Run!
 Zarco, the Explorer
 Stefan Derksen's Polar Adventure

References

  Parlement.com biography

1909 births
1985 deaths
Anti-Revolutionary Party politicians
Dutch activists
Dutch anti-abortion activists
Dutch children's writers
Dutch newspaper editors
Dutch resistance members
Dutch people of World War II
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
People from Dantumadiel
Reformed Churches (Liberated) Christians from the Netherlands
Reformed Political League politicians
20th-century Dutch journalists

Piet Jongeling


Akira Miyazawa (宮沢昭) (December 6, 1927 in Matsumoto – July 6, 2000 in Tokyo) was a Japanese jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and flautist.

Miyazawa played as a teenager in Japanese military bands during World War II, then embarked on a career in jazz music after the war. He worked extensively with Toshiko Akiyoshi in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as with Yasuo Arakawa, Hampton Hawes, Hidehiko Matsumoto, Helen Merrill, Shotaro Moriyasu, Masahiko Satoh, Masahiko Togashi, Mal Waldron, and Sadao Watanabe.

Miyazawa left jazz in the 1970s but returned in 1981 with the albums My Piccolo and On Green Dolphin Street.

References
"Akira Miyazawa". The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 2nd edition, ed. Barry Kernfeld.

Japanese jazz saxophonists
Japanese jazz clarinetists
Japanese jazz flautists
1927 births
2000 deaths
20th-century saxophonists
Musicians from Matsumoto, Nagano

Akira Miyazawa