Cooks Yard is a boat-building business established by Walter Cook  in 1894 on the bank of the River Blackwater at Maldon, Essex, England. Originally known as Walter Cook and Son and specialising in the building of Thames sailing barges, it operated until the 1980s - at which time, it was the last remaining barge yard in Britain.

In 1999, Topsail Charters took on the lease of the yard and refurbished it. They restored boat building and barge repair to the site and maintain the last set of original barge repair blocks on the east coast of England.

History
Walter Cook took on the shipyard on the River Blackwater at Maldon in 1894 to build the Thames sailing barge Dawn, which had been ordered by James Keeble, a member of a well-known local barge owning family.

The Dawn was launched in 1897 and, not long afterwards, the yard started work on the Lord Roberts, for Meesons of Battlesbridge. In 1902, the British King was launched - the second barge built by Walter Cook and Son for the Keebles.

As well as barges, Cooks yard built the steamboat Annie for Charrington the brewer. The Annie was used for taking passengers to Osea Island, and it was the first of a succession of pleasure crafts that set off from the beach at Maldon promenade.

In 1907 Cooks were contracted by the Admiralty to build a prototype of the newly designed Montague Whaler. This resulted in many years of work on subsequent orders. The yard built a hundred whalers during World War II , launching roughly one every three weeks.

In the 1920s a visit by Josh Francis of the Colchester barge owners Francis and Gilders led to forty years of steady barge building work for Walter Cook and Son.

As wooden barges started to get old, their owners became reluctant to spend money repairing them and some of them were sold off for other uses. In 1937, Cooks converted the sailing barge Challenger to a yacht.

A lot of barges were requisitioned during World War II  and many of them were damaged as a result. Cooks' yard was very busy with repair work after the war ended. In those days, too, a lot of barges came to the yard to be fitted with diesel engines, as the days of trading under sail alone began to pass.

Post war

In late 1945, and 1946, Cook's yard undertook the re-fitting for the owners, Chief Engineer Bill Wilson and Skipper Albert Brand, of the Southend Motor Navigation Co. of their 75 ft TSMV Julia Freak. She had been volunteered for Operation Dynamo in 1940, thereafter requisitioned by the Admiralty for service as a coastal minesweeper and handed back to her owners in an appallingly-neglected condition.  Cookie's boat-builders helped S.M.N.CO Staff outfit her for the 1946 holiday season at Southend-on-Sea after the Admiralty released the vessel from her wartime service.

For that 1946 season, the refitted Julia Freak, built by Hayward's of Southend on Sea at their Yard hard by The Kursaal, during the 1920s, was re-registered as the New Prince Of Wales 1 in memory of the Fleet Flagship of that name sunk off La Panne during Operation Dynamo in May 1940 with Sub Lt Peter Bennett in command.

Also for the  Southend Motor Navigation Co.  in 1946 Cookie repaired and re-engined the 48 ft late-Victorian sailing Smack "May" (Regd # LO180 and renamed "Valerie" after her 1946 refit) after a sinking from bomb damage at her mooring alongside Southend Pier Pavilion, being salved and spending the rest of World War II in a mud-berth at Leigh-on-Sea. She returned to fishing service, used by The Southend Motor Navigation Co. to fulfil a fishery contract issued by and paid for the Ministry Of Food.

"Cookie"  also built two new twin-screw passenger-carrying launches for the  Southend Motor Navigation Co. in the late 1940s both successively larger replacements for the prewar Princess Maud which was volunteered for Operation Dynamo in 1940 and reported "lost to causes unknown". The second and larger of these two new launches Cookie built for Bill Wilson & Albert Brand was a 60 ft l.o.a. vessel, Christened New Princess Maud. The first and smaller 48 ft launch was rechristened Duchess of York. Again, both of these new passenger-carrying "pleasure boats" were replacements for war losses.

The Hythe at Maldon alongside Cookie's Yard became the  Southend Motor Navigation Co. 's regular winter-layup base after World War II.  All three of the aforementioned S.M.N.Co. pleasure boats worked in the summer-holidaymaker river-excursion trade until the mid-1960s.

These notes of the  Southend Motor Navigation Co.'s long association with Cook's Yard are publicly posted "In Memoriam" for W.H.("Bill") Wilson, by his oldest son Lloyd, who has treasured memories of playing around the Cook's Yard slipway during the winter lay-up periods from 1946–1953, and was often loaned one of Cookie's small yard work-boats, to perfect his rowing abilities.

Walter Cook retired in 1946 and the yard was taken over by his son Clifford, who had been working there since 1919.

G F Sully contracted Cook's yard to maintain all their barges, including the Hydrogen. Cooks were also contracted by the Leigh Building Company to maintain their fleet of barges, which suffered from very rough treatment and were constantly needing repair.

Current use
Clifford Cook retired in 1970 and the yard was bought by Barry Pearce and Gordon Swift, and later Roger Beckett. Cook's yard continued with barge maintenance and boat building until 1992, when the last shipwright left.  In 1999, Topsail Charters took over the yard and restored shipwrighting and rigging to their traditional place by the river.

References

See also

 Shipbuilding

Maldon, Essex
British shipbuilders

Cooks Yard


Kyoung Jun Lee is a South Korean management professor. He is a professor of the School of Management at Kyung Hee University. He was a visiting professor at UC Berkeley from February to August 2010 and a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from September 2009 to January 2010.

Education
Lee received B.S. (1990), M.S. (1992), and Ph.D. (1995) in Management Science from KAIST. In addition, he also has a master's degree (2001) in Public Administration of Seoul National University, and finished the Ph.D. course (2003) from the same institution.

Professional career
He worked as a visiting scientist in the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States from 1996 to 1997. He was an assistant professor of School of Business in Korea University from 1999 to 2001. From 2001 to 2003, he joined the Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University as a visiting assistant professor.

Books
Co-authored by Kyoung Jun Lee, in Korean:
 Lee et al., We are going to Microsociety, Woongjin Wings, 2008.
 Cho, W., Lee, K., Lee, H., Kwon, O., Kim, K., and Lee, E., Ubiquitous Paradigm and u-Society, Jinhan M&B, 2006.
 Lee, J. K., Lee, K. J., and Kim, W. J. (eds.), Principles of Electronic Commerce Pubyoung Publishing,  2nd ed, 1999 and 4th ed., 2006.
 Suh, Y., Park, J., Kim, J., Lee, K. & Kim, K., Management Information Systems, Hankyung Publishing, 2004.
 Lee, K., e-Business Dictionary, MOCIE/KIEC, 2004.
 Lee, J. K. and Lee, K. J. (eds.), Electronic Commerce and Channel Revolution, Pubyoung Publishing, 2000.
 Lee, K. J., Infomediation and Electronic Commerce (Korean Translation of Net Worth authored by Hagel III and Singer), 2000.
 Cho, N. and Lee, K. J., Korean Translation of Internet Business Models and Strategies by Afuah & Tucci, 2001.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
South Korean business theorists
KAIST alumni
Academic staff of Kyung Hee University

Lee Kyoung-jun


Rolando Park is a neighborhood on the eastern edge of San Diego, California. It is bordered by College Avenue to the west, California State Route 94 to the south, the city of La Mesa to the east and University Avenue to the north. Rolando Park borders the San Diego neighborhoods of Rolando, Redwood Village, and Oak Park.

Rolando Park is a largely residential neighborhood, and was principally developed during the 1950s with tract housing. Rolando Park is a hilly neighborhood, a characteristic it shares with other neighborhoods in the area. The hills separate the residential areas from commercial areas along University Avenue.

References

Neighborhoods in San Diego

Rolando Park, San Diego


Frederick Martin MacMurray (August 30, 1908 – November 5, 1991) was an American actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films and a successful television series in a career that spanned nearly a half-century. His career as a major film leading man began in 1935, but his most renowned role was in Billy Wilder's film noir Double Indemnity. During 1959–1973, MacMurray appeared in numerous Disney films, including The Shaggy Dog, The Absent-Minded Professor, Follow Me, Boys!, and The Happiest Millionaire. He starred as Steve Douglas in the television series My Three Sons.

Early life and education
Frederick Martin MacMurray was born on August 30, 1908, in Kankakee, Illinois, the son of Maleta (née Martin) and concert violinist Frederick Talmadge MacMurray, both natives of Wisconsin. His aunt, Fay Holderness, was a vaudeville performer and actress. When MacMurray was an infant, his family moved to Madison, Wisconsin, where his father taught music. They relocated within the state to Beaver Dam, his mother's birthplace.

MacMurray attended school in Quincy, Illinois, where he played football and baseball, ran on the track team and worked in a local pea cannery. After graduation, he received a full scholarship to Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin. He played the saxophone in numerous local bands, having picked up the instrument when he was looking to fill his spare time. He continued to play saxophone while attending the Chicago Art Institute in the evenings.

Career

Acting
In 1928, MacMurray chauffeured his mother to Los Angeles for her health and to visit family. While there he found work as an extra and continued playing the saxophone with the California Collegians, a vaudeville group that was formed out of the pit orchestra at the Warner Brothers Hollywood Theatre. His extra work was earning him $10 a day (eventually rising to $1500 a day at the height of his Hollywood stardom). The band was hired to appear on Broadway in Three's a Crowd (1930–31) with Fred Allen, Clifton Webb and Libby Holman, resulting in a move to New York City from California. MacMurray was offered a role in the production, leading to a further casting in the musical Roberta alongside Sydney Greenstreet and Bob Hope (1933–34). MacMurray signed with Paramount Pictures in 1934.

Stardom
In the 1930s, MacMurray worked with film directors Billy Wilder and Preston Sturges, and actors Barbara Stanwyck, Henry Fonda, Humphrey Bogart, Marlene Dietrich, and in seven films, Claudette Colbert, beginning with The Gilded Lily. He co-starred with Katharine Hepburn in Alice Adams, with Joan Crawford in Above Suspicion, and with Carole Lombard in four productions: Hands Across the Table, The Princess Comes Across, Swing High, Swing Low and True Confession. Usually cast in light comedies as a decent, thoughtful character (The Trail of the Lonesome Pine), and in melodramas and musicals, MacMurray became one of the film industry's highest-paid actors of the period. In 1943, his annual salary had reached $420,000, making him the highest-paid actor in Hollywood and the fourth-highest-paid person in the nation.

MacMurray did not serve in the military during the Second World War, instead working to sell war bonds and as an air-raid warden in his Brentwood neighborhood. The movies that he did produce during this period were mostly considered to be "morale-boosters" rather than outright "war pictures" that some of his contemporaries were churning out. In 1944, his earnings increased to $439,000, making him again the highest paid actor.

During the production of the 1947 film "The Egg and I", the hens appearing in the movie laid over 300 eggs. MacMurray and costar Claudette Colbert autographed one egg each in fifty cartons. The eggs were sold at a local farmers market and profits were donated to the Braille Institute of America.

Having starred in many episodes of Lux Radio Theatre in the late 1930's and 1940's, MacMurray returned to the medium in 1952. He featured in Bright Star, along with Irene Dunne, in which he portrayed a reporter for a local newspaper.

Despite being typecast as a "nice guy", MacMurray often said his best roles were when he was cast against type, such as under the direction of Billy Wilder and Edward Dmytryk. Perhaps his best known "bad guy" performance was that of Walter Neff, an insurance salesman who plots with a greedy wife to kill her husband in the film noir classic Double Indemnity. MacMurry stated in 1956 that this was his favorite role, and that it "...proved I could do serious acting". In another turn in the "not so nice" category, MacMurray played the cynical, duplicitous Lieutenant Thomas Keefer in Dmytryk's film The Caine Mutiny. Six years later, MacMurray played Jeff Sheldrake, a two-timing corporate executive in Wilder's Oscar-winning film The Apartment. In 1958, he guest-starred in the premiere episode of NBC's Cimarron City Western series, with George Montgomery and John Smith. MacMurray's career continued upward the following year, when he was cast as the father in the Disney film The Shaggy Dog.

My Three Sons
In an interview with Hedda Hopper in 1956, MacMurray noted that he had been asked to take on the role of Perry Mason on television. He turned it down, saying "I want to do as little TV work as possible - it's lots of work. I guess I am just lazy".

From 1960 to 1972, he starred in My Three Sons, a long-running, highly rated TV series. Concurrently with it, MacMurray starred in other films, playing Professor Ned Brainard in The Absent-Minded Professor and its sequel Son of Flubber. Using his star-power clout, MacMurray had a provision in his My Three Sons contract that all of his scenes on that series were to be shot in two separate month-long production blocks and filmed first. That condensed performance schedule provided him more free time to pursue his work in films, maintain his ranch in Northern California, and enjoy his favorite leisure activity, golf. Over the years, MacMurray became one of the wealthiest actors in the entertainment industry, primarily from wise real estate investments and from his "notorious frugality".

Retirement
In the early 1970s, MacMurray appeared in commercials for the Greyhound Lines bus company. In 1979, he appeared in a series of commercials for the Korean chisenbop math calculation program. MacMurray's final film was The Swarm, costarring Michael Caine, Olivia de Havilland and Henry Fonda. The actor, semi-retired at this point, was called back for one last film by director Irwin Allen entitled "Fire!", however his diagnosis of cancer of the throat caused him to pull out. Irwin then offered him the small role (for a total of 2 days on set) of a pharmacist in The Swarm. MacMurray told reporters that he didn't "...really miss it. A lot of actors go crazy if they aren't working, but I guess I'm a little lazy." He successfully underwent treatment for his cancer during the production.

Business Ventures
MacMurray was also a prolific businessman, frequently earning over $400,000 a year in the 1940's. In 1941, he purchased land in the Russian River Valley in Northern California and established MacMurray Ranch. At the 1,750-acre ranch he raised prize-winning Aberdeen Angus cattle, cultivated prunes, apples, alfalfa and other crops, and enjoyed watercolor painting, fly fishing, and skeet shooting. MacMurray wanted the property's agricultural heritage preserved, so five years after his death, in 1996, it was sold to Gallo, which planted vineyards on it for wines that bear the MacMurray Ranch label. One of MacMurray's children now lives on the property (in a cabin built by her father), and is "actively engaged in Sonoma's thriving wine community, carrying on her family's legacy and the heritage of MacMurray Ranch".

In 1944, he purchased the Bryson Apartment Hotel in the Westlake, Los Angeles neighborhood for $600,000, using profits from Double Indemnity, and was co-owners of three other apartment buildings. The actor was cautious with his finances, which went hand-in-hand with his sedate lifestyle. The majority of his earnings were used for investments, (including a knitting mill, co-owner of a golf-and-tennis club and a cold-storage business). MacMurray insisted upon a percentage of gross of the films in which he starred.

In 1945, along with former actor Leslie Fenton, MacMurray formed a production company, entitled "Mutual Pictures". With this production company the pair made one film "Pardon My Past", a moderate success.

A 1977 profile dispelled the myth of MacMurray's wealth, reporting that if he "...sold everything I'd be worth maybe $3 million to $4 million. Maybe". He states that the myth of his wealth being in league with Doris Duke and the Aga Khan ($75 to $100 million range) stemmed from his life-long frugality.

Personal life

Family
MacMurray was married twice, first to Lillian "Lily" Lamont (legal name Lilian Wehmhoener MacMurray, born 1908) and after her death, actress June Haver.

Lillian Lamont
Lamont and MacMurray met during the production of Roberta while in New York City while he was performing with the Collegians in 1934, and they quickly became an item. Despite the budding romance he left New York and returned to Hollywood in efforts to continue his career.

It was reported that upon his return he spurned a matchmaking attempt by gossip columnist Louella Parsons. Accounts vary, with some reporting that Parsons was angry over MacMurray's refusal of her efforts, leading Parsons to attempt to derail his career. Other sources indicate that MacMurray turned down a party invitation from William Randolph Hearst (via Parsons), as the publisher had already identified another female as MacMurray's date for the event. Parsons refers in a 1947 column that she and MacMurray made amends, "...we let our hair down about a lot of things...principally a misunderstanding that marred a long friendship, and then and there cleaned up all our grievances", possibly alluding to the columnist's attempts at career sabotage.

In 1934, the couple announced to the news that they were in a "test engagement", stating that they "want to be sure before we make any official announcement" that "...their personalities were the type which could pull in a double harness while they followed their careers". By late spring of 1936, the couple decided to make it official. Late on the night of June 19, 1936, MacMurray, Lamont, MacMurray's mother traveled by plane to Las Vegas to be married. The trip - and marriage - were kept secret from friends and studio officials, who spent the day of the 20th trying to locate the actor. The newlyweds and family returned to Hollywood on a plane that same day.

In 1945, they moved into a 10-room, two-story Colonial house in Brentwood. Neighbors (and friends) included Jimmy Stewart and Henry Fonda. Joan Crawford described the couple as having "one of the few happy and well-adjusted marriages". While they were known to be homebodies and family-oriented, they were also social within the Hollywood community. They hosted parties, both large and small, for friends. They were close with Clark Gable and Carole Lombard, often having Sunday afternoon BBQs with each other. At the larger gatherings, Lombard proved to be the source of entertainment for the assembled guests with her antics and off-color language.

Lamont was often in poor health, including kidney and heart problems. This is reportedly why MacMurray and Lamont adopted two children. Susan came first in 1940, with formal adoption completed in 1942. Four years later they adopted one-and-a-half year-old Robert. Later in his son's life, the father and son would drift apart, with MacMurray lamenting that Robert went "the hippie route via the South Seas to 'find himself'".

After struggling with physical health issues for most of her life, her condition deteriorated even further in the early 1950s. She eventually succumbed to kidney and heart issues in June 1953, shortly after the couple's 17th wedding anniversary. In a 2006 interview between a MacMurray biographer and Lamont's cousin, the family states that she suffered from bulimia. This may have stemmed from her days as a model, and contributed to her other health issues.

June Haver
MacMurray first met actress June Haver when they starred in Where Do We Go From Here in 1945, although they had little interaction. By the early 1950's, Haver was grieving the sudden death of her fiancé Dr. John Duzik in 1949. In part because of her grief, Haver had considered a life as a nun. A life-long devout Catholic, she met with Pope Pius XIII in 1951 and decided to follow her faith and join a convent. She realized after eight months that the convent life was not for her. In 1953, at a "Gay 90's" party thrown by pal John Wayne, Haver and MacMurray met socially. Both had been reluctant to attend the party, however they left together and quickly became an item. After the socially acceptable amount of time grieving the death of Lamont, the couple decided to make their relationship official, deciding to marry in 1954. Unfortunately, this meant the actress had to renounce her Catholicism due to a previous marriage. She had wed musician Jimmy Zito briefly in 1947 before divorcing in 1948.

MacMurray purchased actor Red Skelton's good luck pinky ring as an engagement ring, officially proposing to her after a trip to a drugstore. They publicly announced their wedding date for the first week of August 1954, however they actually wed over a month early on June 28 to the surprise of friends and the press. With the help of friend Ray Cardillo, a travel agency owner, the ceremony was held at the Ojai Valley Inn. They honeymooned in Jackson Hole, Wyoming while MacMurray finished working on The Far Horizons.

MacMurray stated in a 1954 interview that "June had a serious operation after she fell at Fox Studios a couple of years ago...and she's not sure if she will be able to have children". As a result of Haver's inability to conceive, in 1956 they adopted fraternal twins, Laurie Ann and Katie Marie, "right out of the incubator". Much to their chagrin, Kate would later attempt a career in acting like her parents with little success.

Haver curtailed her Hollywood career after marrying MacMurray, with one final appearance on the Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour in 1958 as herself. She stated that she had no desire to act further, "I lost it all [desire]. I'm remaining a private citizen and will stay at home and work...it has been supplanted by something better. Now that I have four children in the family I have a lot to keep me busy". MacMurray did not believe that it was his place to keep Haver from acting, stating "...I'd hate to be the one to keep her off the screen...the decision is up to her. I'd rather have her at home, but if she wants to make a picture, it's okay with me".

Much like his marriage to Lamont, this union was by all accounts stable and happy. They remained married until MacMurray's death in 1991.

Politics
Like many Hollywood contemporaries, MacMurray was a Republican politically, although he was not particularly outspoken about his beliefs. When speaking with columnist Parsons in 1947 about the Red Scare in Hollywood, the actor noted "I suppose there really are some Reds in Hollywood...but don't you think that actually some of the people...get that reputation because they talk too much about things they don't understand? I don't think an actor has any business to discuss politics unless he is an authority..." He is further quoted "...just because I happen to be an actor I shouldn't get up and say 'vote for this man', knowing as little as I know about him...I'm a family man and that's about it".

He joined a long list of other Hollywood stars as a member of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, which was organized by the Communist Party of the USA in 1936. MacMurray appeared on stage along with other conservative luminaries stumping for Thomas Dewey in the 1944 Presidential election, and he supported Ronald Reagan for Governor of California in 1966.

Illness and death

A lifelong heavy smoker, MacMurray had throat cancer in the late 1970s, and it recurred in 1987. He had a severe stroke in December 1988 that paralyzed his right side and affected his speech. With therapy he made a 90 percent recovery.

After suffering from leukemia for more than a decade, MacMurray died of pneumonia on November 5, 1991, in Santa Monica, California.

Awards and influence
In 1939, artist C. C. Beck used MacMurray as the initial model for the superhero character who became Fawcett Comics' Captain Marvel. MacMurray was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for The Absent-Minded Professor. He was the first person honored as a Disney Legend in 1987.

Archive
The Academy Film Archive houses the Fred MacMurray-June Haver Collection. The film materials are complemented by papers at the Academy's Margaret Herrick Library.

Filmography

Film

Short subjects

Television

Theater

Radio
 Lux Radio Theatre – Pete Dawes ("The Gilded Lily") (1937), Victor Hallam ("Another Language") (1937), John Horace Mason ("Made for Each Other") (1940), Bill Dunnigan ("The Miracle of the Bells) (1948)
 The Screen Guild Theater – The Philadelphia Story (1942)
 Screen Directors Playhouse – Take a Letter, Darling (1951)
 Bright Star – George Harvey (1952–53)
 Lux Summer Theatre – The Lady and the Tumblers (1953)
 The Martin and Lewis Show – Himself (1953)

References

Further reading

 Arts & Entertainment December 17, 1996 video biography

External links

 MacMurray Ranch timeline (documents MacMurray's involvement with the ranch)

1908 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male radio actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
California Republicans
Catholics from Illinois
Catholics from Wisconsin
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from leukemia
Disney people
Deaths from pneumonia in California
Male actors from Illinois
Male actors from Wisconsin
Male Western (genre) film actors
Paramount Pictures contract players
People from Beaver Dam, Wisconsin
People from Kankakee, Illinois
Vaudeville performers

Fred MacMurray


Bettina Skrzypczak (born 25 January 1963) is a Polish/Swiss composer.

Biography
Skrzypczak was born in Poznań, Poland. She studied piano at Bydgoszcz and music at the Academy of Music in Poznan. In 1985 she graduated with a degree in music theory, and in 1988 with a degree in composition, studying with Andrzej Koszewski. From 1984-88 she studied with Witold Lutoslawski, Luigi Nono, Henri Pousseur, and Iannis Xenakis in composition courses organised in Kazimierz by the Polish section of the ISCM. In 1988 she studied electronic music with Thomas Kessler and composition with Rudolf Kelterborn in Basle, Switzerland. She also studied musicology with Jürg Stenzl and complementary studies in cultural philosophy with Hans Saner in Fribourg. In 1990 she studied computer music with Klarenz Barlow in Cologne. In 1999 she received a doctorate degree from the Academy of Music in Cracow.

In 2002 Skrzypczak took a position as a professor at the Music University Lucerne. She also served as a guest lecturer at schools and universities including the International Courses of New Music in Darmstadt in 2004, the European Chamber Music Academy, Hannover, and Hochschule für Musik und Theater, Munich.

Skrzypczak founded and served as artistic director of the Swiss "Ensemble Boswil" promoting young artists with annual workshops in Boswil followed by concert tours. Her works have been performed internationally. She is the author of radio programs and journal articles on contemporary and Polish music. She resides in Riehen/Switzerland.

Honors and awards
1989 Prize, Zagreb Music Biennale's competition for young composers
1990 Prize, Tadeusz Baird Competition, Warsaw
1992 Honorable mention, "Tribune internationale des compositeurs", Paris
1994 Prize, 10th International Competition for Women Composers, Mannheim
1996 Cultural Recognition Prize, City of Basle
2001 Composition Grant, Canton and City of Lucerne
2004 Cultural Prize of the City of Riehen
2008 Composition Grant, Canton and City of Lucerne

Works
Selected works include:
ABC (1986) for tape
Acaso (1994) for choir, clarinet, cello and percussion, Text: Stéphane Mallarmé, Jorge Luis Borges, Nikolaus Kopernikus, Rainer Maria Rilke, trad. (Maori)
Amoureske (2003) for viola d'amore
Anomalia Lunae media (2007) for soprano, baritone and instruments, Text: Leonhard Euler, Boethius, Leonardo da Vinci, Jorge Luis Borges
Arcato (2000) for Viola solo
Aria (2004) for 2 bass saxophones
Caleidoscopio (1992) for string ensemble
Cercar (2001) for prepared guitar solo
Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1998)
Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra (1995/96)
Daphnes Lied (Daphne's Song) (2002) for piano solo
Fantasie (1997) for oboe solo
Flash (2007) for percussion solo
Illuminationen (Illuminations) (2008) for clarinet, cello and piano
In un soffio (2003) for wind quintet
Initial (2005) for orchestra
Landschaft des Augenblicks (1992) Five Songs for mezzo-soprano, viola and piano, Text: Czeslaw Milosz, Kazimiera Illakowiczówna, Leopold Staff, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska
Lettres (2004) for soprano, clarinet and cello Text: Guillaume de Machaut
Mazurka (2000) for accordion solo
Miroirs (2000) for mezzo-soprano and ensemble, Texts: J. L. Borges, Li Tai-bo, Bernart de Ventadorn und Satchal Sarmas
Mouvement (1999) for flute solo
Nonet for Wind Instruments and Double Bass (1994)
Notturno (1992) for flute solo
Phototaxis (2003) for string orchestra
Scène (2001) for violin and cello
String Quartet nr. 2 (1991)
String Quartet nr. 3 (1993)
String Quartet nr. 4 (2003)
Toccata sospesa (1999) for flute und 2 percussionists
Trio (1990) for 3 percussionists
Variabile (1991) for orchestra
Verba (1987) for orchestra
Vier Figuren (2001) for ensemble (18 players) in 3 groups
Weissagung (Prophecy) (2003) composed improvisation for the "quartet noir"
What Is Black, What Is White (1987) for 2 percussionists

References

1963 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
Polish music educators
Polish women classical composers
Polish classical composers
Musicians from Poznań
People from Riehen
Polish women music educators
20th-century women composers
Polish women composers

Bettina Skrzypczak


Our Lady of China is a title for the Virgin Mary in China who is believed to have appear at the small village of Donglu in 1900. In Chinese she is called Zhōnghuá Shèngmǔ ().  She is also known as Our Lady of Donglu.

History
During the Boxer Rebellion, about 10,000 soldiers attacked the small village of Donglu on April, 1900. The soldiers tried to kill the approximately 1,000 Christians. As the soldiers were attacking, the Virgin Mary appeared wearing a white robe in the sky. When the soldiers saw the apparition, they fired gunshots at the Virgin Mary. Despite the efforts to shoot down the apparition, the Virgin Mary continued to shine brightly. As the soldiers kept firing, another apparition appeared: a majestic angel, whom witnesses believed to be the Archangel Michael. The angel flew down surrounded by blazing flames of fire down from the sky and into the crowd of soldiers. By himself, Michael drove all of the soldiers out of the village. Villagers learned afterwards that their local priest, Father Wu, prayed to the Virgin Mary for help from the soldiers attacking. The residents of Donglu then built a church for the Virgin Mary to express their gratitude for the help they received. The Church was then destroyed during World War II after it was hit by Japanese bombs.

The 1995 apparition
The Catholic Church built a shrine in 1992 to commemorate the 1900 apparition events and organized a large celebratory worship service nearby in an open field on May 23, 1995, which about 30,000 people attended. During the opening prayer, those present saw the sun moved from to right to left in the sky and shone down light of rays with different colors. Then the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus, appeared in the sky. Mary did not speak but witnesses (Chinese Christians whose faith was oppressed by the government) reported feeling comforted and encouraged by her appearance. The overwhelming public interest of visiting the shrine after the apparition took place upset the Chinese government. The Chinese government then banned people from going to the shrine but still many pilgrims came. Proving it was unsuccessful, the Chinese army destroyed the Donglu shrine. (But many shrines dedicated to Our Lady of China are still in China and other countries.)

Marian apparitions
Religion in China

Our Lady of China


The UBC's Okanagan Campus (commonly referred to as UBC Okanagan and UBCO) is one of the University of British Columbia's campus located in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.

The  campus is the research and innovation hub in the province's southern interior, in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley and home to over 11,562 undergraduate and graduate students. UBC Okanagan has 62 undergraduate programs and 19 graduate programs.

History

Okanagan University College

The current site of UBC Okanagan was initially used by Okanagan University College (OUC), which was founded in 1989 (in principle) as a part of a plan by the government to improve access to post-secondary education in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. Initially, degrees were awarded in partnership with other universities, but by 1995, the university college began granting degrees in its name. In the late 1990s, OUC started lobbying efforts to gain full university status.

University of British Columbia
In December 2002, the British Columbia Progress Board submitted a report to the provincial government, recognizing the need to expand post-secondary education in the Okanagan. The board, chaired by the University of British Columbia president Martha Piper, recommended that the province extend "the mandate of an existing provincial University to Kelowna...."

In March 2004, BC Premier Gordon Campbell and UBC President Martha Piper held a press conference, announcing that OUC would be dissolved. OUC's university operations would be consolidated at its North Kelowna Campus and would come under the University of British Columbia. The other programs and campuses of OUC would form a new community college, which would later take on the name Okanagan College. The OUC Board was reportedly not invited to the press conference. It had not been told in advance of the imminent demise of the OUC Board and removal or the termination of the majority of the OUC board members.

According to the Ministry backgrounder released at the time, the affiliation between UBC Vancouver and UBC Okanagan would be "based on the highly successful University of California model" and that "UBC Okanagan and UBC Vancouver will each have an independent senate to set academic priorities for their respective institutions, based regional needs and priorities. At the same time, they will share a common board of governors, with strong representation from each region."

As of December 2019, UBC's Okanagan campus is represented on the UBC Board of Governors by John Klironomos and Nicole Udzenija.

Academics
UBC's Okanagan campus offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate (Ph.D. & Masters) programs. There are more than 50 undergraduate programs in Arts, Education, Engineering, Fine Arts, Human Kinetics, Management, Media, Medicine, Nursing, and Sciences. The university also offers graduate programs in the following areas: Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Computer Sciences, Education, Engineering, English, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Fine Arts, Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Management, Mathematics, Medical Physics, Nursing, Psychology, and Social Work.

Research
Since its establishment in 2005, the research capability and researcher profiles have increased rapidly. Annual tri-council funding increased from $1.1M to $5.9M between 2005 and 2015. The total research funding reached $14.7M/year, with 714 projects in 2015. Research at UBC Okanagan is highly collaborative, emphasizing direct student involvement to advance discoveries in fields of importance globally and locally. The Survive and Thrive Applied Research (STAR) initiative exemplifies this spirit of innovation with cutting-edge projects, including control software for unmanned aerial vehicles. STAR creates a bridge between UBC Okanagan and industry, specializing in technologies for human protection and performance in extreme, remote, or rural conditions. There are currently 15 research centers and 505 faculty members on the Okanagan campus.

Campus

The UBC's Okanagan Campus is situated on a hill between Glenmore and Ellison in Kelowna and resides on traditional Syilx territory. Street names are signed in English and Nsyilxcən language. The campus consists of Upper Campus, Lower Campus, Innovation Precinct, and Endowment Lands.

Lower and Upper Campuses situated around the Courtyard and University Walk host the Okanagan campus's core academic and administrative functions. Most institutional and administrative buildings are located on the Lower Campus, including the UBC Okanagan Library, Learning Commons and the Transit Exchange. The adjacent Upper Campus contains most on-campus student housing and some institutional, childcare, and recreational buildings.

The Charles E. Fipke Centre for Innovative Research (FIP) is a multi-purpose academic and research facility, including research labs, classrooms and teaching labs, offices, student commons, lecture theatre, and an animal care facility. The Arts and Sciences Centre (ASC), and Engineering, Management and Education Building (EME) were completed in 2011. The Arts and Sciences Centre includes a live animal testing facility.

The expansion of UBC Faculty of Medicine created a new distributed medical site, the Southern Medical Program at UBC Okanagan. The Reichwald Health Sciences Centre, a medical school building, was completed by the end of 2011 and named for benefactors Klaus and Lydia Reichwald. Part of the program is also located in the Clinical Academic Campus building adjacent to the Kelowna General Hospital.

Learning Commons Building, referred to simply as The Commons, opened in late 2018 as part of the UBC Okanagan Library expansion and contains study spaces, media labs, special collections and archives.

The Innovation Precinct is  land located at the bottom of the hill along Innovation Drive. Most of the land is currently used as a parking lot, and two industrial buildings at the north end are used for collaborative researches between the university and external organizations. A future expansion will convert the land to the regional hub for research and innovations.

UBC Endowment Lands (West Campus Lands) is  agricultural land, which occupies the western half of the Okanagan campus along John Hindle Drive and contains UBC Plant Growth Facility. UBC Endowment Lands are part of ALR and are reserved for future research and recreational uses. It is not to be confused with University Endowment Lands, an unincorporated area adjacent to Vancouver where the UBC's Point Grey campus is located.

Transportation
Although the campus itself is located in a semi-rural area, it has a direct interchange with Highway 97 and Downtown Kelowna can be reached with 15 minutes of driving. It is also close to Kelowna International Airport.

UBC Okanagan Exchange is the northern terminus of express bus route 97X Kelowna RapidBus, which provides Downtown Kelowna access in approximately 20 minutes. The exchange is a major transfer point for bus services to the Airport and beyond north to Lake Country and Vernon. The campus is also connected to the regional bikeway, Okanagan Rail Trail and John Hindle Drive Multi-use Pathway.

Downtown Kelowna Campus
UBC's Okanagan Campus also has a presence in Downtown Kelowna with UBC Innovation Library, located in the downtown Kelowna branch of the Okanagan Regional Library, and the Innovation UBC Hub, located in the Innovation Centre.

UBC announced in June 2020 that it is planning to expand its presence in Downtown Kelowna by constructing a new 43 storey mixed-use tower on Doyle Avenue. Construction was approved in August 2023 and is expected to be completed in 2027. The building will include spaces for health programs, community engagement, and an art gallery.

There is also a Southern Medical Clinical Academic Campus located at Kelowna General Hospital.

Expansion
According to the UBC Okanagan Campus Plan from September 2015, the next 20 years will see drastic expansion in research, teaching, student residence, and commercial spaces. A proposed  increase in academic space would more than double the current capacity. The student residence is proposed to increase by approximately 2,200 beds to a total of approximately 3,900 beds. Commercial space would increase from  to . The additional space will remain within the main Okanagan campus, rather than expanding into the West Endowment Lands. Sustainability upgrades to 11 of the existing buildings are also underway.

Future projects include the newly constructed Nechako Commons Block building adjacent to the UNC (University Centre), additional residences, an engineering design building, a retrofit of a nearby industrial building billed as Innovation Precinct, and various other, more minor projects.

Student life

The University Centre (UNC) contains many student services, including the Students' Union Okanagan of UBC office, meeting rooms, student club space, cafeteria and pub, cinema, multi-faith space, UBC Health & Wellness Clinic, learning centres, the Collegia, as well as Picnic, which is a new centre where students can seek mental and sexual health support. The university also maintains a Student Experience Office that organizes orientation programs, commuter Collegia spaces, volunteer opportunities, and mentorship options.

Food establishments on campus are exclusively operated by UBC Food Services or the students' union. Nechako Commons Block (NCH) adjacent to UNC houses the 500-seat Pritchard Dining Hall, providing all-you-can-eat food access for students on a meal plan. A campus convenience store, student housing, and business operations offices are also located in Nechako Commons Block.

Collegia
Common rooms known as Collegia were created for commuter students, containing kitchen facilities, study space, lounges and social areas. Each Collegium has theme and targeted for a particular student population, however, they are open to all students. The campus' Collegia program has gained national attention as a home-away-from-home for its large commuter population.

Greek life
The Okanagan campus currently has two sororities and two fraternities. The sororities are Kappa Beta Gamma and Alpha Omega Epsilon. The fraternities are Sigma Phi Delta and Phi Delta Theta. Alpha Omega Epsilon and Sigma Phi Delta are both International Organizations and have membership restrictions based upon faculty (Engineering students for Sigma Phi Delta, Engineering and Technical Science students for Alpha Omega Epsilon). Theta Phi is a local sorority open to all faculties. Phi Delta Theta is an international fraternity open to students in all faculties. The Okanagan campus does not allow Greek housing, so none of these organizations have an official house or room on campus.

Campus media

The Phoenix
The Phoenix is the bi-weekly student newspaper at the University of British Columbia's Okanagan campus. It was established in 1989 at former Okanagan College.

UBCO.TV
UBCO.TV was a web-based TV station that existed until 2016 and created videos about research, teaching, current events and campus life at the Okanagan campus. UBCO.TV was also streamed on TVs across the campus in common areas.

UBC Studios Okanagan and UBC Communications Services took over the UBCO.TV functions and co-manages a YouTube channel.

Faculties and Schools

The Okanagan campus has the following faculties and schools:
College of Graduate Studies
Faculty of Creative and Critical Studies
Faculty of Applied Sciences
School of Engineering
Faculty of Health and Social Development
School of Nursing
School of Health and Exercise Sciences
School of Social Work
Faculty of Medicine Southern Medical Program
Faculty of Management
Okanagan School of Education
Irving K. Barber Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science

References

Further reading
 Freake, R. (2005). OUC Memoirs. Okanagan University College, Kelowna.

External links

 UBC Food Services Okanagan
 Students' Union Okanagan of UBC

Okanagan
Education in Kelowna
Universities and colleges in the Okanagan

University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus)


A defensive tackle is a position in American and Canadian football.

Defensive tackles typically line up in the center of the defensive line.  As some of the largest players (in size) on the field, defensive tackles try to make it hard for the quarterback to throw the ball by blocking offensive linemen and tackles who protect the quarterback. They rarely do anything else.

In the National Football League, defensive tackles may wear numbers in the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 90s, but may wear any number they chose in college football.

American football positions

Defensive tackle


Snake Gully with Dad 'N' Dave is a Seven Network 1972 television series, comprising 13-episodes based on characters created by Steele Rudd.

It was adapted from the radio series Dad and Dave from Snake Gully rather than Rudd's original stories, and although originally titled simply as "Dad 'N' Dave, this title could not be used due to a copyright, the Snake Gully of the title referring to the fictional town in where the Rudd's resided on a farm.

The series featured an instrumental version of "The Road to Gundagai" as its theme, a vocal version of same had been the theme of the radio series before it.

The network had constructed 8 in-house sets with exterior scenes filmed in and around Riverstone and Windsor, New South Wales.

The series was created and produced by Ralph Peterson, who also wrote some of the scripts, he had worked on the sitcom My Name's McGooley, What's Yours? and cast Gordon Chater in the role of Dad Dan Rudd, with his son Dave played by Garry McDonald. The cast also included Marion Edwards as Mum Sarah Rudd, Robert McDarra as neighbour Bill Smith and his daughter Mabel played by Micelle Fawdon, the series was rounded out with supporting players John Armstrong as Uncle Clarence and Buster Fiddess as Ted Hamilton.

After the pilot, a regular series was commissioned and filmed in color but Fiddess had died, so he was replaced in the role by Noel Ferrier, Armstrong was replaced by Harry Lawrence and as Fawdon had been cast in a production of Jesus Christ Superstar, she to was replaced by actress Diane Craig, another actor to feature in the series as the Mayor was Redmond Phillips.

The series was not popular with both viewers and critics alike and was cancelled. Though the series was unsuccessful, writer Peterson did win an AWGIE award for writing of an episode.

Cast

 Garry McDonald as Dave
 Gordon Chater as Dan Rudd (Dad)
 Marion Edward as Sarah Rudd (Mum)
 Robert McDarra as  Bill Smith
 Michele Fawdon / Diane Craig as Mabel Smith
 John Armstrong / Harry Lawrence as Uncle Clarence
 Buster Fiddess / Noel Ferrier as Ted Hamilton
 Maggie Kirkpatrick

References

External links

Australian television sitcoms
1972 Australian television series debuts
Seven Network original programming
Works by Ralph Peterson

Snake Gully with Dad and Dave


The Crossroads Fire Tower is a fire lookout tower at 2262 Arkansas Highway 133 North in Ashley County, Arkansas.  The tallest tower of its type in Arkansas, it is located north of Crossett and west of Hamburg, which is just north of the junction  of Highway 133 and Ashley County Highway 12.

Background
It was built by the Aermotor Company and installed by a Civilian Conservation Corps crew in 1935.  When built it was  tall, but an additional  was added sometime between 1936 and 1943.  The Aermotor tower is of galvanized steel construction, although the staircase landings and treads are wooden. The tower has a viewing cabin at the top with adjustable glass panes.

The tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ashley County, Arkansas

References

Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Fire lookout towers in Arkansas
Fire lookout towers on the National Register of Historic Places
Civilian Conservation Corps in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Ashley County, Arkansas
1935 establishments in Arkansas

Crossroads Fire Tower


Petros VII (September 3, 1949 – September 11, 2004) was the Greek Orthodox Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa from 1997 to 2004. During his reign, Petros VII was credited with reviving the Greek Orthodox churches in Africa by increasing the churches' attendance of about 250,000 people.

Early life
Petros was born Petros Papapetrou () in Sichari, Kyrenia District, Cyprus on September 3, 1949. He was the oldest son of a Greek Orthodox family and both his father and grandfather were priests.

Education
At the age of 12, Petros enrolled at the Machairas Monastery. Then at 17, Petros entered the Apostle Barnabas Seminary in Nicosia.
He graduated from Barnbas Seminary in 1969 and was ordained as a deacon at the Machairas Monastery.

A year later, Petros was summoned by Patriarch Nicholas VI to Alexandria. He served as a deacon under Nicholas VI while studying at the Averof High Schools. Later on, in 1974, Petros received a scholarship from the Greek Foreign Ministry to attend the School of Theology at Athens University.

Career

Work in Africa
Upon graduating from Athens University in 1978, Petros was ordained as a priest by Bishop Chrysostomos of Dodonis and left for Cairo, where he was given the title of Patriarchal Vicar. Later, in 1983, Petros was promoted to Bishop of Babylon. Throughout his career, Petros took on multiple posts throughout Africa, ranging from Johannesburg, Accra, Cameroon and Central East Africa. While in Africa, Petros focused on restoring monasteries, such as the  Monastery of St. Sawas in Alexandria, and extending his missionary work in East Africa.

Patriarchate of Alexandria
Petros assumed the title of Patriarchate of Alexandria on March 9, 1997, following his election by the Holy Synod in February 1997. He had a close rapport with his predecessor, Patriarch Parthenius III of Alexandria and assumed the latter's post after his death in 1996. Throughout his reign, Petros built relationships with other church organizations and engaged with religious churches outside the Greek Orthodox community. Petros also initiated peaceful relationships between the Muslim and Christian people in the Middle East and interacted with Arab leaders, including Yasser Arafat. Petros reigned as Patriarch of Alexandria for seven years until his death.

Missionary work
Petros used his position as patriarch to connect Orthodox groups throughout the world and to "spread the voice of Orthodoxy throughout Africa, to people who have never heard of Christ, who are dying from hunger and sicknesses, where there are no schools". In 2002, Petros wrote to George W. Bush in an attempt to prevent the Iraq War. In his letter, Petros stated that invading Iraq would be viewed as an attack on Islam and create future problems on other religions.

Death
On September 11, 2004, Petros VII died in a 17-person helicopter crash alongside three other Church of Alexandria bishops. The Chinook helicopter carrying the passengers crashed into the Aegean Sea while travelling to the monasteries of Mount Athos. The government declared 3 days of national mourning. In 2007, Boeing was sued by the victims' families for negligence and product liability. The lawsuit was settled out of court.

He was awarded Order of the Yugoslav Crown and Order of Saint Sava.

References

External links

1949 births
2004 deaths
Greek Cypriot people
20th-century Greek Patriarchs of Alexandria
21st-century Greek Patriarchs of Alexandria
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Cyprus
Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
Recipients of the Order of St. Sava
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Greece
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2004
Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents

Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria


David Clarence McClelland (May 20, 1917 – March 27, 1998) was an American psychologist, noted for his work on motivation Need Theory. He published a number of works between the 1950s and the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and its descendants.  McClelland is credited with developing Achievement Motivation Theory, commonly referred to as "need for achievement" or n-achievement theory. A Review of General Psychology survey published in 2002, ranked McClelland as the 15th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Life and career
McClelland, born in Mt. Vernon, New York, was awarded a Bachelor of Arts from Wesleyan University in 1938, an MA from the University of Missouri in 1939, and a PhD in experimental psychology from Yale University in 1941. He taught at Connecticut College and Wesleyan University before joining the faculty at Harvard University in 1956, where he worked for 30 years, serving as chairman of the Department of Psychology and Social Relations. In 1987, he moved to Boston University, where he was awarded the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. He was a devoted Quaker.

The major themes of David McClelland's work were on personality and the application of that knowledge to helping people make their lives better. One theme was the development of the expectancy-value theory of human motivation. A second theme was the development of tests and operant methods, such as the Thematic Apperception Test, Behavioral Event Interview, and the Test of Thematic Analysis. A third theme was the development of job-competency studies, and a fourth theme was the application of this research to helping people and their social systems, whether that was through motivation and competency development, organization and community development, and changing behavior to battle stress and addiction. David McClelland believed in applying the results from the research and testing to see if they helped people. He was instrumental in starting 14 research and consulting companies, the largest was McBer and Company (1965-1989), which later was sold to Yankelovich, Skelly & White.

Expectancy Value Theory of Motivation
McClelland claimed that motivation is "a recurrent concern for a goal state or condition as measured in fantasy, which drives, directs and selects the behavior of the individual". Basing his work on the work of Henry Murray, he focused on three particular motives: the need for achievement (N-Ach); the need for affiliation (N-Aff); and the need for power (N-Pow). N-Ach is the desire to excel in relation to a set of standards. It is the drive to succeed. N-Pow is the desire to be influential and affect an organization. N-Aff is the desire for close personal relationships.  McClelland's three needs, are non-sequential, but instead are used in relation to each other. "According to his theory, most people possess and portray a mixture of these needs: those with a high need for achievement have an attraction to situations offering personal accountability; individuals with a dominating need for authority and power have a desire to influence and to increase personal status and prestige; and finally, those with a great need for affiliation value building strong relationships and belonging to groups or organizations." The work in the 1940s through the late 1960s focused on the Achievement Motive and its impact on development of economies and entrepreneurship.<ref>Miron, D., & McClelland, D.C. (1979). The effect of achievement motivation training on small business. California Management Review, 21,  13–28. doi=10.2307/41164830</ref> He shifted his work in the 1960s to focus on the power motive, first addressing issues of addiction and alcoholism (McClelland, Davis, Kalin and Wanner, 1972), then to leadership effectiveness,McClelland, D.C., & Burnham, D.H. (1976). Power is the great motivator. Harvard Business Review, 54, 159–166. and later to community development. The work on leadership and management helped to create a behavioral level of a person's capability, which McClelland called "competencies.'McClelland, D.C. (1998). Identifying competencies with behavioral event interviews. Psychological Science, 9, 331–339. doi=10.1111/1467-9280.00065 He also led efforts to show how important competencies were relative to knowledge and traditional personality traits in the desired outcomes of higher education (Winter, McClelland and Stewart, 1981). His work on power extended into research on the body's natural healing process.

In an exception from the typical focus of a psychologist, McClelland also examined cultural and country-wide effects of motives and related them to large-scale trends in society, such as economic development, job creation, the provocation of wars and health.
McClelland's work on motivation was cited as the most useful approach to motivation in a study by the former accounting firm Touche Ross & Company (Miller, 1981).

In Search of Operant Tests and Measures
David McClelland argued that operant methods (i.e., tests where a person must generate thoughts or actions) were much more valid predictors of behavioral outcomes, job performance, life satisfaction and other similar outcomes. Specifically, he claimed that operant methods had greater validity and sensitivity than respondent measures (i.e., tests calling for a true/false, rating or ranking response). He fought against more traditional psychologists insisting on using self-assessment, respondent measures and avoiding operant measures because, in traditional views, operant measures suffered from less traditional measures of reliability.
McClelland believed that better operant measures were possible with the use of reliable codes for processing the information in them. He claimed his lifelong quest was to instill in psychological researchers a value of extracting people's actual thought (i.e., conscious and unconscious) along with their behavior.
He was repeatedly publishing research and encouraging his doctoral students and colleagues to show that operant methods, as compared to respondent methods, consistently show: (a) more criterion validity; (b) increased insightfulness despite less test-retest reliability; (c) greater sensitivity in discriminating mood and such differences; (d) more uniqueness and less likelihood of suffering from multicollinearity; (e) greater cross-cultural validity, because they did not require a person to respond to prepared items; and (f) increased utility in applications to human or organizational development.

Job Competencies
McClelland and colleagues conceptualized a broad array of capabilities. Reviving his 1951 personality theory, McClelland and his colleagues at McBer and Company intensified competency research on management, leadership and professional jobs in the early 1970s (i.e., skills, self-image, traits, and motives, see Boyatzis, 1982; Spencer and Spencer, 1993; Goleman, 1998).  The definition of a job competency required that the person's intent is understood, not merely that the person's behavior is observed. They used operant methods like audiotaped Critical Incident Interviews, which they called Behavioral event Interviews and videotaped simulations with inductive research designs comparing effective with ineffective or even less effective performers. This approach was focused on the "person," rather than the tasks or job.

The research results developed a picture of how a superior performer in a job thinks, feels, and acts in his/her work setting. This became a model for how to help anyone in a job, or aspiring to one, develop their capability.  It became, over the coming decades, the norm for training design, selection and promotion practices, career development and even higher education in developing people for such jobs.

Helping People Change
David McClelland believed that if you know how an outstanding performer thinks and acts, you could teach people how to think and act that way. The early projects addressed entrepreneurial development and training in achievement thinking and behavior for small business owners in India, Tunisia, Iran, Poland, Malawi and the US.

"Understanding human motivation ought to be a good thing.  It should help us to find out what we really want so that we can avoid chasing rainbows that are not for us.  It should open up opportunities for self-development if we apply motivational principles to pursuing our goals in life".

Publications

 McClelland, D.C. (1951). Personality. New York: William Sloane Associates.
 McClelland, D.C., Atkinson, J.W., Clark, R.A., and Lowell, E.L. (1953). The Achievement Motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
 McClelland, D.C., Baldwin, A.L., Bronfenbrenner, and Strodbeck, F.L. (1958). Talent and Society. New York: Van Nostrand.
 McClelland, D.C. (1961). The Achieving Society.  New York: Van Nostrand.
 McClelland, D.C. (1964). The Roots of Consciousness.  New York: Van Nostrand.
 McClelland, D.C. and Winter, D.G. (1969). Motivating Economic Achievement. New York: Free Press.
 McClelland, D.C., Davis, W.N., Kalin, R., and Wanner, E. (1972). The Drinking Man: Alcohol and Human Motivation. New York: Free Press.
 McClelland, D.C. (1975). Power: The Inner Experience.  New York:  Irvington Publishers, Halstead Press.
 Winter, D.G., McClelland, D.G., and Stewart, A.J. (1981). A New Case for the Liberal Arts: Assessing Institutional Goals and Student Development.  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
 McClelland, D.C. (1984). Motives, Personality, and Society: Selected Papers. New York: Praeger.
  McClelland, D.C. (1987). Human motivation. New York: University of Cambridge.
 Smith, C.P., with Atkinson, J.W., McClelland, D.C., and Veroff, J. (eds.) (1992). Motivation and Personality: Handbook of Thematic Content Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

References

 Further reading

 Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
 Boyatzis, R.E. (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
 Goleman, D. (1998). Working with Emotional Intelligence. Bantam: NY.
 Miller, W.B. (1981). "Motivation techniques: Does one work best?" Management Review. Spencer, L.M., Jr. and Spencer, S. (1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
 Kelner, Stephen P., Jr. (2005). Motivate Your Writing!: Using Motivational Psychology to Energize Your Writing Life.'' Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England.

1917 births
1998 deaths
Harvard University Department of Psychology faculty
Boston University faculty
Wesleyan University alumni
University of Missouri alumni
Wesleyan University faculty
20th-century American psychologists
Motivation theorists
American Quakers
20th-century Quakers
Fellows of the American Physical Society

David McClelland


Jan Dobraczyński (Warsaw, 20 April 1910 – 5 March 1994, Warsaw) was a Polish writer, novelist, politician and Catholic publicist. In the Second Polish Republic between the two world wars, he was a supporter of the National Party and Catholic movements. During the 1939 Nazi–Soviet invasion of Poland, he was a soldier of the Polish Army and member of Armia Krajowa until the end of World War II. Dobraczyński participated in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. After the war he supported the Polish communists. He was a member of parliament Sejms, as activist of the PAX Association and of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth from 1982 to 1985. He held the rank of general in the Polish military.

The Holocaust rescue
During World War II, as the head of the Division for Abandoned Children at the Warsaw municipal welfare department, Jan Dobraczynski helped Żegota activists with procuring forged documents and placed several hundred Jewish children in Catholic convents. He was imprisoned in Bergen-Belsen following the Warsaw Uprising.

In 1985 Dobraczyński was awarded the Cross of Virtuti Militari. In 1986 he published his memoir titled Tylko w jednym życiu (Of One Life Only). In 1993 he was bestowed the title of the Polish Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem.

Bibliography
 Jan Dobraczyński, Tylko w jednym życiu (Of One Life Only, memoir). Wspomnienia, 1986
 Aleksander Rogalski, Dobraczyński, 1986 (fr)
 Aleksander Rogalski, Jan Dobraczyński, 1981 (en)
 Jerzy Ziomek, Jana Dobraczyńskiego Księgi (bez) Wyjścia, in Wizerunki polskich pisarzy katolickich, 1963.
 Zygmunt Lichniak, Szkic do portretu Jana Dobraczyńskiego, 1962
 Jan Dobraczynski, "Najezdzcy" - Les Envahisseurs translated by Jean Nittman 1960

See also
Sprawy Narodu

Footnotes

1910 births
1994 deaths
Writers from Warsaw
People from Warsaw Governorate
Polish Roman Catholics
National Party (Poland) politicians
PAX Association members
Members of the Polish Sejm 1952–1956
Members of the Polish Sejm 1985–1989
Polish male writers
Polish nationalists
Polish People's Army generals
Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
Home Army members
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp survivors
Warsaw Uprising insurgents
Polish Righteous Among the Nations
Catholic Righteous Among the Nations
Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
Recipients of the Order of the Builders of People's Poland
Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–1989)
Żegota members

Jan Dobraczyński


William John Hahn (November 5, 1841 – September 23, 1902) was an American lawyer and politician from Minnesota.

Biography
Hahn was born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania in 1841.

In 1866 Hahn moved to Philadelphia and read law in the office of Judge Morris and at Pennsylvania College. In 1867 he returned to Lake City, where he was admitted to the bar in May.

He formed a partnership with W. W. Scott, which lasted from 1867 to 1875, and a partnership with J. M. Martin, which lasted from 1876 to 1882. He was elected in 1872 as county attorney of Wabasha County, Minnesota, and was twice reelected (the last time without opposition), serving for six years.

In March 1881 he was appointed by Governor John S. Pillsbury as Minnesota Attorney General. He was afterward twice elected Attorney General, serving from 1881 to 1887. He moved to Minneapolis in May 1882 and formed a partnership with Charles H. Woods. The law firm partnership known as Woods & Hahn (now Gray Plant Mooty) continued until 1886 when Hahn was elected trust officer of the Minnesota Loan and Trust Company, which he held since his death. In 1901, the governor appointed him to the Tax Commission.

Hahn was married on September 16, 1868, to Emily Loretta Martin of Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. She died in 1891. They had five children, two sons, and three daughters.  Hang subsequently married Matilda Richardson of Minneapolis, who survived him along with three daughters.

References

1841 births
1902 deaths
People from Mifflin County, Pennsylvania
People from Wabasha County, Minnesota
Minnesota lawyers
Pennsylvania lawyers
Minnesota Attorneys General
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law

William John Hahn


Waipahu High School is located at 94-1211 Farrington Highway in Waipahu on the island of Oahu in the state of Hawaii.  Waipahu High School was founded in 1938 under the Session Laws of 1937 and Act 191 of 1938.  The first graduates of Waipahu High School were from the class of 1941. The last graduating class from the "termite palace" was the class of 1969. Clarence B. Dyson became principal in 1942. Zachary Sheets became the new principal of the school in August 2022, after former principal Keith Hayashi was appointed as Hawaii Department of Education Superintendent in July 2022. Preceding Hayashi was long-time principal Patricia Pedersen, who retired in July 2009 following the graduation of the Class of 2009 of Waipahu High.

Waipahu High School offers Early College, which is a program that allows students to take college courses, from selected universities on the island, for free to further their education.

Traditions
 Arthur Awards:  To many, the Arthur Awards Competition is the highlight of every school year.  It promotes school unity and spirit among the students of Waipahu High School through interclass competition during Homecoming Week.  Arthur Competition consists of the Arthur Award Rally, Tug-of-War, Blue/Gold Day, and Alma Mater competition.
 Cane Knife:  This is a traditional football rivalry between Waipahu and James Campbell High School. Waipahu leads the series 40-10-1 as of January 2012.
 Career Day:  The primary purpose of Career Day is to introduce students to the many vocational opportunities available in the world today.  This is done through presentation, speakers and off-campus visits.  Career Day is scheduled at varying times during the school year..
 Senior Luau: This event is to kick off the soon-to-be graduates' year in high school. Exclusively for seniors, this gives the students a chance to party and have fun, usually occurring in early December. Traditionally, close friends or groups would wear the same pattern/fabric and make different kinds of clothing to signify unity and "aloha" among friends.
 May Fair:  The "Celebration of Life" has been held at Waipahu High since 1970 and is held on odd-numbered years.  This is a day of entertainment, assemblies, and trade fairs.  School recognized clubs are invited to open booths and most do.  Various school approved ethnic clubs participate in May Fair through cultural presentations, demonstrations, as well as kissing booths.  Items sold range from teri chicken plates to personalized name tags.
 New Year's Ball:  Scheduled during the winter season, this dance is open to all interested Waipahu High students.  It is non-floral, informal attire, originally intended to provide an economical social gathering.

Clubs
In November 2015, Waipahu High School's Slam Poetry Team, Verbal Ammunition, was rewarded with the Can You Kick It Award at the Ninth Annual Interscholastic Team Teen Poetry Slam, hosted by Pacific Tongues.

Sports
Waipahu High School fields teams in the following sports:

WHS competes in the OIA Western Division.  Waipahu also competes in HHSAA Division I competition, except for the sports without divisional affiliation.  [Those sports are air riflery, bowling, cross country, judo, paddling, tennis, track, golf, and wrestling.]

The 2003-2004 Junior Varsity Cheerleading squad were the OIA West JV Champions.

The 2004-2005 Varsity Football team was the OIA White Division Champion runner-up but later lost in the State Division II playoffs.

The 2004-2005 Varsity Cheerleading squad were the Aloha International Small Co-ed National Champions and holds the only athletic national title in its school's history.

The 2006-2007 Varsity Football team was the OIA White Division Champion but later lost in the State Division II playoffs to Kauai High School in the semifinals.

The 2007-2008 Boys Varsity Baseball team were the OIA West Division II regular season champions and later winning the OIA White Division Championship.

The 2008-2009 Boys Baseball team repeated as OIA West Division II regular season champions and OIA White Division Championship.

The 2005-2006 Boys Varsity Volleyball team won the first OIA White Division Championship in a sweep of Aiea.

The 2008-2009 Boys Varsity Volleyball team were OIA White West Champions and OIA White runner up.

The 2009-2010 Boys Varsity Baseball team were OIA White Division runner up.

The 2010-2011 Boys Varsity Soccer team were the OIA White Division Champions.

The 2011-2012 Girls Varsity Soccer team were the OIA White Division Champions.

The 2011-2012 Boys Varsity Baseball team were OIA White Champions and won their First State Division II Title in school's history completing a perfect season of 15-0.

The 2016-2017 Girls Varsity Soccer team were the OIA White Division Champions.

The 2017-2018 Boys Varsity Football team were the OIA White Division Champions.

The 2018 Boys Varsity Football team were OIA Red Champions and won their first State Division I Title in school's history.

The 2018-2019 Boys JV Soccer team were the OIA Division II Champions.

Notable alumni
Alphabetized by Surname (Graduation Year)

Greg "Da Bull" Noll (1955) - Former professional surfer
Zahn Marcello (1989) Former Football Player
Ben Apuna (1976) - professional athlete, National Football League, New York Giants (1980)
Brian M. Kanno (1979) - 1992-2006 Hawaii State Senator
Tina Machado (1977) - Miss Hawaii USA in 1985. Starred in episodes of Magnum, P.I. and is CEO of Arizona's Premiere App Development company, CodeRed-I.
Herbert K. Pililaau (1948) - Medal of Honor recipient during the Korean War
Zoe Roach (1976) - Miss Hawaii at the 1979 Miss International pageant and Miss Hawaii USA in 1983
Alex Sonson (1978) - 2003-2006 Hawaii State Representative
Brian Viloria (1998) - 2005 WBC Light Flyweight Champion; 2009 IBF Junior Flyweight Champion (Boxing)
Falaniko Vitale (1992) - Former World MMA Middleweight Champion (Mixed martial arts)
Jeff Williams (1990) - Former professional baseball player (Los Angeles Dodgers)
Chester Desiderio (1995) - Purple Heart recipient during Operation Iraqi Freedom
Jerome Williams (1999) - 1st round MLB draft pick (SF Giants)

References

External links

Waipahu Class of '77 website
Waipahu Class of '64 website
Waipahu Class of '69 website
Waipahu High School Student Services

Educational institutions established in 1938
Public high schools in Honolulu County, Hawaii
1938 establishments in Hawaii
Waipahu, Hawaii

Waipahu High School


The Zutons are a rock band from Liverpool, England. They formed in 2001. They are on the Deltasonic record label. The band were nominated for the British Breakthrough Act award at the 2005 BRIT Awards.

Members
The band has 5 people in it:
David McCabe – lead vocals, guitar
Boyan Chowdhury – lead guitar, vocals
Abi Harding – saxophone, vocals
Sean Payne – drums, percussion, vocals
Russell Pritchard – bass guitar, vocals

Albums
Their first album, Who Killed...... The Zutons?, was released on 18 October 2004, and got to number 9 in the United Kingdom album chart. It came with a printed 3-D cover, and special glasses to view the cover. Many fans wore the glasses to concerts. The album was a nominee for the 2004 Mercury Music Prize.

The new album Tired of Hanging Around was released on April 17, 2006 and reached 2 in the UK album charts. The band went around the UK doing concerts in May 2006 following the release of this album. Their second UK tour will begin in November 2006.

English rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from Liverpool

The Zutons


Angela Brower is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer from Arizona. She is known for performing trouser roles, such as  the title role of Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss in the opera's Colombia premiere.

Early life and education
Brower was born and raised in Arizona with five brothers. She is a 2006 Bachelor of Music in vocal performance graduate of the  School of Music in Arizona State University's Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts. She also studied at Indiana University Jacobs School of Music.

Music career
Brower began her career at the Glimmerglass Opera Young American Artists Programme in 2008. Although she passed up on the formal auditions for the Bavarian State Opera during her summer at Glimmerglass, her audition was requested by Florian Scholz (director of Stadttheater Klagenfurt). Brower joined the Bavarian State Opera in Munich in 2009 in its Opera Studio and then from 2010 through 2016 in its ensemble. In 2009, she earned the Munich Opera Festival Prize for her portrayal of Dorabella in Mozart's Così fan tutte. In her performance as Cherubino in his Le nozze di Figaro, she was part of a cast conducted by Yannick Nézet-Séguin that resulted in a 2017 Grammy Awards nomination in the Best Opera Recording category. Brower made her South American and Latin American debut on September 1, 2018, at the Teatro Mayor in the title role of Octavian in the Colombia premiere of Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss. She had previously played Octavian several times, including a Carnegie Hall performance, and considers it her signature role. She is known for trouser roles.

Notes

External links
Official website

Living people
Singers from Arizona
American operatic mezzo-sopranos
Arizona State University alumni
Jacobs School of Music alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women opera singers
Classical musicians from Arizona

Angela Brower


Insulin glargine (also known as Lantus) is a diabetic insulin medicine of long-lasting origin that is used to control high blood sugar. The medication is used during the evening or night hours by people having Type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults or, rarely, in Type 2 diabetes. The medication is used with other insulins, including mealtime insulin.

Anti-diabetic drugs

Insulin glargine


Donald Richard Deskins Jr. (May 10, 1932 – February 26, 2013) was an American professor of urban geography and sociology and a former American football player. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1932 and attended Westbury High School. He served in the United States Marine Corps before enrolling at the University of Michigan in 1957. He received several degrees from the University of Michigan, including a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1960, a Master of Arts degree in 1963, and a Ph.D. in 1971.  During his undergraduate study at Michigan, Deskins played college football as a tackle for the Michigan Wolverines football teams in 1958 and 1959. After receiving his bachelor's degree in 1960, he played professional football for the Oakland Raiders in their inaugural season in the American Football League.  Deskins has published extensively. His works include:
Letters to President Obama (2009), co-authored with Hanes Walton and Josephine A. V. Allen
Presidential Elections, 1789–2008, co-authored with Hanes Walton and Sherman Puckett
Residential mobility of Negroes in Detroit, 1837-1965 (1972)
Negro settlement in Ann Arbor (1962)
Interaction patterns and the spatial form of the ghetto (1970), co-authored with David Ward and Harold M. Rose
Geographical literature on the American Negro, 1949-1968 (1969)

Notes

1932 births
2013 deaths
American geographers
American sociologists
Michigan Wolverines football players
Oakland Raiders players
Players of American football from Brooklyn
University of Michigan faculty

Donald R. Deskins Jr.


A tablecloth is a cloth used to cover a table. Some are mainly ornamental coverings, which may also help protect the table from scratches and stains. Other tablecloths are designed to be spread on a dining table before laying out tableware and food. Some tablecloths are designed as part of an overall table setting, with coordinating napkins, placemats, or other decorative pieces. Special kinds of tablecloth include "runners" which overhang the table at two ends only and "table protectors" which provide a padded layer under a normal tablecloth.

Shapes and sizes
The most common shapes for tablecloths are round, square, oval, and oblong, or rectangular, corresponding to the most common table shapes.  Tablecloths usually have an overhang, referred to as the "drop."  The drop is generally  on each side of the table, with a shorter drop for casual dining and a longer drop for more formal occasions.  Sometimes a floor-length cloth is used. Custom-made tablecloths are also available, and some people choose to make their own.

Fabrics and care
Today, dining tablecloths are typically made of cotton, a poly-cotton blend, or a PVC-coated material that can be wiped clean, but they can be made of almost any material, including delicate fabrics like embroidered silk. Ease of laundering is an important consideration for tablecloths used for dining, as they are easily soiled.

History
The oldest known reference to tablecloth dates back to around 100 AD, when it was mentioned by ancient Latin Spanish poet Martial.

In many European cultures a white, or mainly white, tablecloth used to be the standard covering for a dinner table. In the later medieval period, spreading a high quality white linen or cotton cloth on the table was an important part of preparing for a feast in a wealthy household. Over time, the custom of arranging tableware on a cloth became common for most social classes except the very poorest. As eating habits changed in the 20th century, a much greater range of table-setting styles developed. Some formal dinners still use white tablecloths, often with a damask weave, but other colours and patterns are also common.

Special cases
Perugia tablecloths and napkins have been made since medieval times. These cloths are white with characteristic woven blue stripes and patterns. This style is also associated with church linen.

Victorian interiors were full of thick, fringed draperies in deep colours, including tablecloths reaching the floor.

Cultural references
A popular "magic trick" involves pulling a loaded tablecloth away from a table but leaving the plates behind. This trick relies on inertia.  It is known as a tablecloth pull or a tablecloth yank.

See also
Cloche
Coaster
Crumber
Doily
Placemat
Sufra
Silence cloth

References

External links

Linens
Serving and dining
Tableware

Tablecloth


The 2012 version of the Syrian Cup is the 42nd edition to be played. It is the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Syria. Al-Ittihad is the holders.

The winner qualified for the 2013 AFC Cup.

Quarterfinals

|}

Semifinals

|}

Al-Wahda was declared as the cup winner after the other three semifinalists, Al-Ittihad, Al-Jazeera and Al-Shorta all withdrew.

References

External links
 Syrian Cup 2011/2012 at futbol24.com

2012
2012 domestic association football cups
Cup

2012 Syrian Cup


Hanatarashi (), meaning "sniveler" or "snot-nosed" in Japanese, was a noise band created by later Boredoms frontman Yamantaka Eye and featured Zeni Geva guitarist Mitsuru Tabata. The outfit was formed in Osaka, Japan in 1983 after Eye and Tabata met as stage hands at an Einstürzende Neubauten show. After the release of the first album, the "I" was dropped and the name became "Hanatarash".

They used a variety of unusual noise-making objects, including power tools, drills, and heavy machinery.

Live shows
Hanatarash was notorious for their dangerous live shows. Some of the band's most infamous shows included Eye cutting a dead cat in half with a machete, strapping a circular saw to his back and almost cutting his leg off, and destroying part of a venue with an excavator by driving it through the back wall and onto the stage.

At a 1985 show in Tokyo's Superloft, the audience were required to fill out forms due to the possibility of harm caused by the show. The show was stopped due to Eye preparing to throw a lit molotov cocktail onto the stage. The performance cost ¥600,000 (approximately $9,000 US) in repairs.

After several years of the intense live shows, Hanatarash was forbidden from performing at most venues, and were only allowed to return to live performances in the 1990s after Eye would agree to cease his destructive on-stage behavior.

Partial discography
 Take Back Your Penis! Cassette (Condome Cassex, 1984)
 Hanatarashi LP (Alchemy, 1985)
 2 LP (Alchemy, 1988)
 3 LP (RRRecords, 1989) CD (RRRecords, 1992)
 Live!! 88 Feb. 21 Antiknock / Tokyo CD (MoM'n'DaD Productions, 1992)
 The Hanatarash and His eYe 7" (Public Bath, 1992)
 Live!! 84 Dec. 16 Zabo-Kyoto CD (MoM'n'DaD Productions, 1993)
 Live!! 82 Apr. 12 Studio Ahiru / Osaka CD (MoM'n'DaD Productions, 1993)
 4: AIDS-a-Delic CD (Public Bath, 1994)
 5: We Are 0:00 CD (Shock City, Trattoria, 1996)

References

Noise musical groups
Japanese industrial music groups
Musical groups from Osaka

Hanatarash


Monsignor Michael Augustine (12 June 1933 – 4 November 2017) was an Indian archbishop (emeritus) of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore from 1999 through 2004. He served as Bishop of Vellore from 1981 through 1992.

He served the Church for 39 years as a bishop and for 56 years as a priest. He was born in Kovilanoor, Tamil Nadu. He resigned in 2004 due to health problems along with Pope John Paul II accepting his resignation. Since 2004 until his death, Augustine held the title of Emeritus Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore.

Augustine died on 4 November 2017 at a hospital in Pondicherry, India of a heart attack at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
 Archbishop Michael Augustine at catholic-hierarchy.org
 Archbishop Michael Augustine at Vellore Diocese
 Archbishop Michael Augustine at Derrick Augustin Website

1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic archbishops

Michael Augustine


Kitwana Shaloyd Jones (born July 7, 1981) is a former Canadian football defensive end. He was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders as an undrafted free agent in 2005. Jones has also played professionally for the Edmonton Eskimos and Montreal Alouettes. He played college football at the University of North Carolina and Hampton University.

Playing career

College football
Jones started his college football career at the University of North Carolina (UNC), where he saw playing time as a true freshman in 2000. He played mainly on special teams at North Carolina.  He also spent time practicing as a fullback.  Jones left the UNC football program for disciplinary reasons and then joined Hampton University for his final two seasons of college football.  While at Hampton, Jones started 19 games, including 11 in his senior season. After his 2003 season, Jones was named All-Conference (Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference) and Division I-AA All-America.

Professional football
Jones started his professional career in the Canadian Football League (CFL) when he was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in March, 2005. He made his debut with the club in Week 10 of the 2005 CFL season.  He finished his rookie CFL season with 15 tackles (11 on special teams) and one quarterback sack.  Jones played on defense and special teams for the Roughriders in 2006, finishing the season with 31 tackles and eight quarterback sacks.  During the 2006 season, Jones twice recorded two sacks in a game.  The Roughriders captured the 2007 Grey Cup, with Jones playing defensive end and linebacker as well playing on special teams.  During the Western Final, Jones had two fumble recoveries.  Jones played defensive end full-time for the Roughriders in the 2008 season and led the team in sacks with five.

Prior to the 2009 season, Jones was traded to the Edmonton Eskimos in return for quarterback Juan Joseph. Jones played in nine games for the Eskimos before being released. After his release, he had offers to join the Roughriders or the Montreal Alouettes, and Jones elected to sign back with the Roughriders.  Roughriders director of player personnel Joe Womack admitted that trading Jones had been a mistake: "Eric (Tillman, Saskatchewan's GM) and myself and Ken (Miller, the Roughriders' head coach) admittedly probably made a mistake -- and that's OK to admit that; teams do it all the time."  Joseph, the player the Roughriders received in exchange for Jones was released by the club after training camp. Jones finished the 2009 season with 14 tackles.

Heading into the 2010 season, Jones was not mentioned among the top contenders on the Roughriders to replace departing defensive linemen John Chick and Stevie Baggs, which suited him fine, "I'm always the undersized guy at my position. There are things that I have to do to remain a Roughrider but I know that I'm in a fight. Then again, I'm always fighting." Jones also sees significant playing time on special teams, where he is considered by some to be among the CFL's best.

On Mar 13, 2011, Jones signed with the Montreal Alouettes.

On May 7, 2012, Jones was released by the Alouettes.

Personal
Jones grew up in Wilmington, North Carolina, where he was one of ten children.  He attended Emsley A. Laney High School, the alma mater of Michael Jordan.  Jones also spent a year at Fork Union Military Academy. He has one son, Tyleke, whom he fathered when he was 14.  Jones spends time in the off-season mentoring troubled youth in his home town of Wilmington, and spends time during the season with young fans who have special needs.

While Jones was with the Eskimos, he acquired the nickname 'Batman' after an incident in which he chased down and apprehended a mugger who had stolen a woman's purse.  Jones said of the incident, "God just put me in a good place where I could help someone. He knows what kind of heart I have."

References

External links
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio

1981 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wilmington, North Carolina
Hampton Pirates football players
North Carolina Tar Heels football players
Canadian football defensive linemen
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Edmonton Elks players
Players of American football from North Carolina
Emsley A. Laney High School alumni

Kitwana Jones


The line formation is a standard tactical formation which was used by infantry in early modern warfare.
It continued the phalanx formation or shield wall of infantry armed with polearms in use during antiquity and the Middle Ages. The line formation used soldiers standing or moving side by side forming a line.

Frederick the Great
The line formation provided the best front for volley fire. However the line could not change direction easily and was open to attack by cavalry. Frederick the Great used the line formation, or "march by lines" as a part of his oblique order to fix this problem. The other part of the oblique order was the "attack in echelon" (change to column formation and angle slightly towards the enemy). This way his line of soldiers, usually two ranks deep, could easily change the direction they faced.

17th century line formation
An infantry battalion would form "in line" by placing troops in several ranks. They could range in number from two to five, with two or three being the most common. During the 17th century lines thinned out and became longer. Using this line formation required greater discipline since the two opposing armies were often only  apart.

American Civil War

During the American Civil War the standard formation for both attacking and defending was the line formation. The line allowed the maximum number of soldiers to fire their weapons without hitting their own men. The line formation worked best in open fields. The line could not move well in wooded areas or in rough terrain. Both sides were still using tactics that were used in the American Revolutionary War. During earlier wars including the Napoleonic Wars, single-shot smoothbore muskets were used with fixed bayonets. A line would advance to about  from the enemy line and fire in volley (all at the same time). Muskets were not very accurate and by all firing at the same time they were more likely to hit enemy soldiers. After firing their one shot the soldiers would all move the line forward for a bayonet charge.

The new weapons in use at the beginning of the war made the older tactic unnecessary. Newer rifles and rifle muskets were now available that could allow the defenders to start firing at  to  yards away. The development of the Minié ball (bullet) also increased the accuracy of rifles at longer ranges.

Modern warfare
A loose line formation is also used by many modern forces during assaults. It allows the use of maximum firepower to concentrate in one direction at once. This is useful when attacking an enemy position. It also enables the use of fire and movement.

References

Military terminology

Line (formation)


The Society of American Military Engineers (SAME) unites public and private sector individuals and organizations from across the architecture, engineering, construction, environmental, facility management, contracting and acquisition fields and related disciplines in support of the United States' national security.

SAME connects architects, engineers and builders in the public sector and private industry, uniting them to improve individual and collective capabilities to provide the capability and prepare for and overcome natural and man-made disasters, acts of terrorism and to improve security at home and abroad.

That goal grew from America's experiences in World War I in which more than 11,000 civilian engineers were called to duty upon the United States entering the conflict. Returning home after "the war to end war," many feared the sector would lose this collective knowledge and the cooperation between public and private sectors that proved vital to combat success. Industry and military leaders vowed to capitalize on the technical lessons and camaraderie shared during their battlefield experiences.

History
In 1919, Major General William M. Black, Chief of Engineers, appointed a nine-officer board to consider the formation of an "association of engineers" that would preserve, and expand upon, connections formed in war and promote the advancement of engineering and its related professions. Early in 1920, the first SAME posts were established, providing former colleagues and new engineers opportunities to connect face-to-face, and establishing post-to-community relationships across the United States.

The original nine-member board appointed by General Black also arranged the donation of Professional Memoirs, a magazine published by the Engineer Bureau since 1909, and its assets, to SAME with the blessing of General of the Armies John J. Pershing. Those memoirs were subsequently renamed The Military Engineer, which has been continuously published since it debuted in 1920.

United States Vice President Charles G. Dawes served as SAME's 8th president. The year before assuming his role as president of SAME, Dawes was awarded the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on German reparations in 1924.

Due to its close ties with the uniformed services of the United States, several branches of the military and the Public Health Service allow its members to wear the SAME ribbon on the uniform after all military and foreign decorations and awards. Colonel, and University president Blake R. Van Leer was also a member.

Governance
Headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia, SAME provides its more than 25,000 members extensive opportunities for industry-government engagement, training, education and professional development through a robust offering of conferences, workshops, networking events and publications. With a membership that includes recent service academy graduates and retired engineering officers, project managers and corporate executives, uniformed and public sector professionals and private sector experts, SAME bridges the gaps between critical stakeholders to help secure our nation.

SAME consists of 95 Posts and more than 30 student chapters and field chapters around the world along with a national office staff. Nationally, the organization is led by a volunteer board of direction that comprises six national officers, 18 regional vice presidents, the chairs of the Mission Committees & Councils and 12 elected directors who serve three-year terms and are elected in groups of four annually.

SAME membership is open to anyone in the U.S. and abroad.

See also
 Goethals Medal

References

External links

1920 establishments in Washington, D.C.
501(c)(3) organizations
Aftermath of World War I in the United States
Engineering organizations
Magazine publishing companies of the United States
Military engineering of the United States
Nonpartisan organizations in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia
Organizations established in 1920
United States military support organizations

Society of American Military Engineers


Per Torsvik (30 November 1925 – 1998) was a Norwegian political scientist and media scholar.

He held the mag.art. degree in political science, but is better known for founding media research in Norway. In 1958 he co-founded the Department of Press Research at the University of Oslo, and was the only employee for many years. He was later hired at the University of Bergen, at a "secretariat for media research" which was founded following a 1968 report written by Torsvik, Stein Rokkan and Leif Holbæk-Hanssen. The three wrote the book Medieforskning in 1972, and Torsvik also co-wrote a chapter in Rokkan's 1970 book Citizens, Elections, Parties and a chapter in the 1968 book Det norske samfunn. In 1978 Torsvik was promoted to docent in communication, and later promoted to professor.

References

External links
 Per Torsvik (Store norske leksikon)

1925 births
1998 deaths
Norwegian political scientists
Norwegian mass media scholars
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
20th-century political scientists

Per Torsvik