Eric Weissberg (August 16, 1939 – March 22, 2020) was an American singer, banjo player, and multi-instrumentalist, whose most commercially successful recording was his banjo solo in "Dueling Banjos", featured as the theme of the film Deliverance (1972) and released as a single that reached number 2 in the United States and Canada in 1973.

A member of the folk group the Tarriers for years, Weissberg later developed a career as a session musician. He played and recorded with leading folk, bluegrass, rock, and popular musicians and groups from the middle of the 20th century to its end.

Life and career
Weissberg was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Cecile (Glasberg), a liquor buyer, and Will Weissberg, a publicity photographer. He attended The Little Red Schoolhouse in New York's Greenwich Village and graduated from The High School of Music & Art in New York City. He went on to the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the Juilliard School of Music. From 1956 to 1958, Weissberg frequently joined Bob Yellin, John Herald and Paul Prestopino at Washington Square Park to play on Sundays from 12-6pm. Public folk-singing in that park was forbidden by the city except for Sunday afternoons. John Herald the lead singer played guitar. Bob Yellin played guitar and 5-string. Weissberg usually played 5-string but also fiddle. Paul Prestopino played mandolin. Weissberg joined an early version of the Greenbriar Boys (1958–59), but left before they made any recordings. He joined The Tarriers, replacing Erik Darling. At the time, the Tarriers had had a hit with "Banana Boat Song"; Harry Belafonte's version, released soon afterward, became a bigger hit.

Weissberg was taken on as a string-bass player, but the group soon made use of his multi-instrumental talents as banjo player, fiddler, guitarist, mandolin player, and singer. He started performing with the Tarriers while still a student at Juilliard. His first album with The Tarriers, Tell The World About This (1960), has a much rougher feel than the smoothly produced sound of The Weavers or The Kingston Trio.

In 1964, he had one-year's service with the National Guard, which he had earlier joined. After his return, the Tarriers re-formed. In 1965, the group accompanied Judy Collins on a tour of Poland and Russia, but disbanded soon after. Collins was sufficiently impressed with his musicianship to use Weissberg as a session musician on Fifth Album (1965) and several later albums.

Commercially, interest in acoustic folk groups was waning. Weissberg developed a career as a session musician, playing on albums by The Clancy Brothers, Doc Watson, Melanie, Billy Joel, Frankie Valli, Bob Dylan, Loudon Wainwright III, Talking Heads, Tom Paxton, Jim Croce, Art Garfunkel, John Denver, Ronnie Gilbert, and others.

He was well known for playing the banjo solo in "Dueling Banjos", used as the theme in the film Deliverance (1972), produced by Joe Boyd and directed by John Boorman. It was released later as a single and became a hit; playing on Top 40, AOR, and country stations alike. It reached the Top Ten and hit #2 in the US and Canada. The song also won the 1974 Grammy Award for Best Country Instrumental Performance.

Weissberg released a related album, called Dueling Banjos: From the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Deliverance (1973), which also became a hit. The album was made up mostly of tracks which Weissberg had recorded on New Dimensions in Banjo and Bluegrass (1963), with Marshall Brickman and Clarence White. (Also a screenwriter, Brickman later received an Oscar for Annie Hall.) They removed two tracks from the 1963 album and added the track for "Dueling Banjos", releasing it under the new name. One of the original 1963 tracks on the new album, "Shuckin' The Corn", was later sampled by Beastie Boys on the track "5-Piece Chicken Dinner" from their album Paul's Boutique.

Warner Brothers was sued by Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, the composer of "Feudin' Banjos", which he had written and recorded in 1955. It was renamed as "Dueling Banjos" in the movie. He won a "substantial settlement," which included appended film credit for the song and a portion of royalties.

Continuing to play folk festivals, Weissberg was nearly as well known in that venue for his dobro guitar as for his bluegrass banjo playing. He also recorded with jazz musicians Herbie Mann and Bob James. In 1998, he joined Richard Thompson and dozens of other folk musicians on Nanci Griffith's album, Other Voices Too.

He often toured with Tom Paxton. They frequently played a variant of "Dueling Banjos" in the set, in addition to Paxton's material.

On February 12, 2009, Weissberg performed at the Riverside Church in New York City with the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College orchestra and chorus, along with the Riverside Inspirational Choir and NYC Labor Choir, to honor President Abraham Lincoln's 200th birthday. Directed by Maurice Peress, they performed Earl Robinson's The Lonesome Train: A Music Legend for Actors, Folk Singers, Choirs, and Orchestra, in which Weissberg  played solo banjo.

On March 22, 2020, Weissberg died at the age of 80 from Alzheimer's disease at a nursing home in White Lake Township, Michigan, near Detroit.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Partial list of sessions recordings
 The Boys Won't Leave the Girls Alone (The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem, 1962)
 "Sunny's Gallery of Folk Songs" (Sunny Schwartz, 1963)
 Fifth Album (Judy Collins, 1965)
 Live At Newport (1959–1966) (Judy Collins)
 Ballads From Deep Gap (Doc and Merle Watson, 1967)                   ′′ Bombs Over Puerto Rico (Jim & Ingrid Croce 1969)
 Sweet Moments With The Blue Velvet Band , Warner Bros. Seven Arts Records WS 1802 (1969 - As member of The Blue Velvet Band, with Bill Keith, Richard Greene, Jim Rooney)
 The Good Book (Melanie, 1971)
 Barbra Joan Streisand (Barbra Streisand, 1971)
 Lay It All Out (Barry Mann, 1971)
 Aerie (John Denver, 1971)
 Stoney End (Barbra Streisand, 1971)
 Poems, Prayers & Promises (John Denver, 1971)
 Rocky Mountain High (John Denver, 1972)
 Careful Man (Jim Croce 1973)
 Portfolio (Richie Havens, 1973)
 True Stories and Other Dreams (Judy Collins, 1973)
 Farewell Andromeda (John Denver, 1973)
 Piano Man (Billy Joel, 1973)
 Back Home Again (John Denver, 1974)
 Blood on the Tracks (Bob Dylan, 1974)
 Judith (Judy Collins, 1975)
 Free Beer (Free Beer, 1975)
 Closeup (Frankie Valli, 1975)
 Sing Children Sing: Songs of the United States of America (UNICEF, 1977)
 Two Days Away (Elkie Brooks, 1977)
 Say It in Private (Steve Goodman, 1977)
 Final Exam (Loudon Wainwright III, 1978)
 Return of the Wanderer (Dion DiMucci, 1978)
 None But One (Jean Ritchie, 1981)
 Chaka Khan (Chaka Khan, 1982)
 Cabbage Patch Dreams (Cabbage Patch Kids, 1984)
 Little Creatures (Talking Heads, 1985)
 The Animals' Christmas (Art Garfunkel, Amy Grant, 1986)
 The Wanderer (Kevin Rowland, 1988)
 Rei Momo (David Byrne, 1989)
 Album III (Loudon Wainwright III, 1990)
 Heroes (Tom Paxton, 1992)
 Judy Sings Dylan ... Just Like a Woman (Judy Collins, 1993)
 Shameless (Judy Collins, 1994)
 Take The Fifth (compilation; Bridget St John, 1995)
 Songs from a Parent to a Child (Art Garfunkel, 1997)
 Other Voices Too (Nanci Griffith, 1998)
 Bathhouse Betty (Bette Midler, 1998)
 Live For The Record (Tom Paxton, 1999)
 Times Like These (Rick Danko, 2000)
 Cowboy Dreams (Prefab Sprout, 2001)
 Live at Wolf Trap (Judy Collins, 2002)
 Copper: Original Soundtrack (Brian Keane, 2013)
 North Mountain Rambling (David Kraai, 2017)

References

External links
 Official Eric Weissberg site

1939 births
2020 deaths
American session musicians
American banjoists
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American musicians
American bluegrass fiddlers
American bluegrass guitarists
American bluegrass mandolinists
American country guitarists
American country banjoists
American country mandolinists
American country fiddlers
Pedal steel guitarists
Warner Records artists
Elektra Records artists
American male guitarists
The High School of Music & Art alumni
Deaths from dementia in Michigan
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Juilliard School alumni
20th-century American guitarists
Country musicians from New York (state)
20th-century American male musicians
Little Red School House alumni
21st-century American Jews

Eric Weissberg


The 2018 Stanley Cup Finals was between two NHL teams: the Washington Capitals and the Las Vegas Golden Knights. The Capitals won the series 4 games to 1 to win their first cup of the franchise. They were led by Washington captain, Alexander Ovechkin.

Stanley Cup Finals
2018 in ice hockey

2018 Stanley Cup Finals


Henry Thode (13 January 1857 – 19 November 1920) was a German art historian. He was born in Dresden and died in Copenhagen.

Biography
He was an art historian at the time of the Weimar republic. He wrote against the prevailing ideas of the time that art from outside of Germany, such as French Impressionism was superior to traditional academic or native art.

Thode believed that great German art should illustrate technical skill, realism and the German spirit.
He also felt that art should be understood by all, not just academics and the bourgeois.
Thode wrote a great deal about how the modern art of the Impressionists attempted to both destroy 'true' German art and the 'true' German spirit.

His philosophies were very important in the formulation of the cultural policies of the Third Reich, especially in terms of 'degenerate' art.

His wife was Daniela von Bülow, first daughter of Hans von Bülow and Cosima Liszt.

References
 Clinefelter, J.L. (2005), Artists for the Reich, New York: Berg Press.

External links
 Biography

1857 births
1920 deaths
Writers from Dresden
German art historians
People from the Kingdom of Saxony
German male non-fiction writers

Henry Thode


Whaley's Hollow (also known as Pottersville and Maple Valley) is a village in Coventry, Rhode Island.

Thomas Whaley was an early settler in the area who operated a saw mill and whose home still stands today on Maple Valley Road.  John Waterman built Waterman's Tavern around 1747 which was used for town meetings until the new Town House was constructed in 1835 at Maple Valley Road and Matteson. The tavern also had stocks and a whipping post for punishment of crimes. During the American Revolution, the French Army under Rochambeau camped near the Tavern while marching to Virginia in 1781 and on their return in 1782. In 1851 Robert Potter, John Potter II and Albert Potter created water-powered bobbin mill near Whaley's Hollow from Thomas Whaley's old saw mill, and the village then became known as Pottersville. In 1872 the Union Bobbin Manufacturing Company was formed and operated from 1895 until the land was sold to Lewis E. Williams. Waterman's Tavern still exists as a family home on Maple Valley Road and near the Whaley homesteads are three family cemeteries. Today, Whaley's Hollow is often known as Maple Valley.

References

Villages in Kent County, Rhode Island
Coventry, Rhode Island
Census-designated places in Kent County, Rhode Island
Providence metropolitan area
Villages in Rhode Island
Census-designated places in Rhode Island

Whaley's Hollow, Rhode Island


The Kevin Lynch Award of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Department of Urban Studies and Planning, established in 1988, is named in honor of the urban planner and author Kevin A. Lynch. It is given to individuals or organizations which contribute to research in city form.

Honorees

Starting in 2014, the awards have been presented in five categories. Earlier awards have been retroactively assigned to these categories.

Past winners:

Technology and Media in City Imaging

Jennifer Pahlka and Code for America (2014)
Manuel Castells (2001)
Richard Saul Wurman (1991)

Ecological Sustainability in City Form

 Randolph T. Hester (2011)
 Richard M. Daley (2005)

Preservation and Change in City Image

Barnaby Evans and William D. Warner (2003)
Allan Jacobs (1999)
William L. MacDonald (1989)

Justice and Efficiency in City Design

 City of Vancouver Planning Department (2007)
 Allan Heskin (1990s)
 Eric Wolf (1989)

Urban Events and Ephemera

Barnaby Evans (2003)
Boston's First Night (1990)

External links

 Official site

Notes

Urban planning
Awards established in 1988
1988 establishments in Massachusetts
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Kevin Lynch Award


The Lausanne Conference was a 1932 meeting of representatives from the United Kingdom, Germany, and France that resulted in an agreement to suspend World War I reparations payments imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. Held from June 16 to July 9, 1932, it was named for its location in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The Hoover Moratorium had placed a hold on war reparations payments in 1931, and a year later the delegates to the Lausanne Conference realized that the deepening world financial crisis in the Great Depression made it nearly impossible for Germany to resume its payments. However, Britain and France and other Allies had borrowed heavily to fight the war, and in particular, France and Belgium were struggling after having had their infrastructure severely damaged by the fighting and by the deliberate destruction and plundering from retreating German forces as the war drew to a close. Therefore, the delegates came to an informal understanding that the permanent elimination of Germany's debt and war reparations would be subject to reaching an agreement with the United States concerning their outstanding war debts.

In December 1932, the U.S. Congress rejected the Allied war debt reduction plan, which technically meant that the war reparations and debt reverted to the debt reduction previously granted Germany by the 1929 Young Plan. However, the system had collapsed, and Germany made no further payments from the Hoover Moratorium in 1931. By 1933, Germany had made World War I reparations of only one-eighth of the sum required under the Treaty of Versailles.

See also

 World War I reparations
 Lausanne Conference of 1922–23
 London Economic Conference of 1933

References
u-s-history.com
World History at KMLA
1932 chronology

Aftermath of World War I in France
Politics of the Weimar Republic
Great Depression
History of the foreign relations of the United States
Aftermath of World War I in the United Kingdom
World War I conferences
1932 in France
Treaty of Versailles
Lausanne
20th-century diplomatic conferences
1932 in international relations
1932 in Switzerland
Reparations
1932 conferences
1932 in economics

Lausanne Conference of 1932


HMCS Goose Bay is a  that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998. Goose Bay is the eighth ship of her class which is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project. She is the first vessel to be named Goose Bay. The coastal defence vessel is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax.

Design and description
The Kingston class was designed to fill the minesweeper, coastal patrol and reserve training needs of the Canadian Forces, replacing the s, s and Royal Canadian Mounted Police coastal launches in those roles. In order to perform these varied duties the Kingston-class vessels are designed to carry up to three  ISO containers with power hookups on the open deck aft in order to embark mission-specific payloads. The seven module types available for embarkation include four route survey, two mechanical minesweeping and one bottom inspection modules.

The Kingston class displace  and are  long overall with a beam  and a draught of . The coastal defence vessels are powered by four Jeumont ANR-53-50 alternators coupled to four Wärtsilä UD 23V12 diesel engines creating . Two LIPS Z-drive azimuth thrusters are driven by two Jeumont CI 560L motors creating  and the Z drives can be rotated 360°. This gives the ships a maximum speed of  and a range of  at .

The Kingston class is equipped with a Kelvin Hughes navigational radar using the I band and a Kelvin Hughes 6000 surface search radar scanning the E and F bands. The vessels carry an AN/SQS-511 towed side scan sonar for minesweeping and a Remote-control Mine Hunting System (RMHS). The vessels are equipped with one Bofors 40 mm/60 calibre Mk 5C gun and two M2 machine guns. The 40 mm gun was declared obsolete and removed from the vessels in 2014. Some of them ended up as museum pieces and on display at naval reserve installations across Canada. The Kingston-class coastal defence vessels have a complement of 37.

Service history
Goose Bays keel was laid down on 22 February 1997 by Halifax Shipyards Ltd. at Halifax, Nova Scotia and was launched on 4 September 1997. The ship was commissioned into the Canadian Forces on 26 July 1998 at Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador and carries the hull number MM 707.

In Fall 2000, the coastal defence vessel took part in the naval exercise Unified Spirit off the east coast of North America. From 23 April to 9 May 2001, Goose Bay, accompanied by sister ship , took part in the NATO naval exercise Blue Game off the coasts of Norway and Denmark. In August 2002, Goose Bay and sister ship  sailed to Arctic waters as part of Operation Narwhal Ranger, a military exercise involving all arms of the Canadian Forces. This marked the first Arctic visit by naval vessels in thirteen years.

In August 2010 Goose Bay participated in Operation Nanook 2010, in the Canadian Arctic. This was the fourth annual joint exercise, and the first where foreign vessels participated. In 2012, the vessel deployed as part of Operation Caribbe, Canada's participation in the war on drugs.

In February 2015, Goose Bay was deployed again to Operation Caribbe. In March 2015, as part of Operation Caribbe, Goose Bay, along with sister ship  and the US Navy frigate , intercepted a vessel in the Caribbean Sea carrying  of cocaine. On 8 September 2015, Goose Bay deployed for large NATO naval exercises Joint Warrior and Trident Venture with , , ,  and Summerside. In the summer of 2016, Goose Bay was sent on a goodwill tour of the Great Lakes, making several port visits. In July, Goose Bay visited her namesake port. In September Goose Bay was among the Canadian warships deployed to the NATO naval training exercise "Cutlass Fury" off the east coast of North America.

In June 2017, Goose Bay returned to the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway for a goodwill tour, making several port visits. In August Montréal and Goose Bay and sister ship  departed Halifax to take part in the Operation Nanook in Canada's northern waters.

In 2019, Goose Bay sailed to the Caribbean to take part in the naval exercise Tradewinds, training with other nation's navies from the area. In 2021, Goose Bay and  took part in Operation Nanook. Goose Bay was among the ships deployed to the Arctic for Operation Nanook in August 2022. In September 2022, Goose Bay was tasked for hurricane relief efforts, after Hurricane Fiona's devastating impact to the Maritimes.

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

External links
 HMCS Goose Bay (MM 707) – official website

Fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy
Kingston-class coastal defence vessels
1997 ships
Ships built in Nova Scotia

HMCS Goose Bay


The following is a list of notable deaths in March 2016. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.

 Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, nationality, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and most importantly a source.

March

1
Stuart Beck, 69, American diplomat, Ambassador to the United Nations for Palau (20032013), kidney cancer.
Jean Miotte, 90, French abstract painter.
Martha Wright, 92, American actress (South Pacific, The Sound of Music) and singer.

2
Janusz Bolonek, 77, Polish Roman Catholic prelate and diplomat, Apostolic nuncio (1989–2013), cancer.
Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern, 83, German royal and art historian.
Marion Patrick Jones, 85, Trinidadian writer, heart failure.
Benoît Lacroix, 100, Canadian Dominican priest and historian, complications from pneumonia.
Aubrey McClendon, 56, American energy and basketball executive, CEO of Chesapeake Energy, part-owner of the Oklahoma City Thunder, traffic collision.
Paul Webley, 62, British educator, president of SOAS, University of London (20062015), cancer.

3
Berta Cáceres, 42, Honduran indigenous leader, shot.
Martin Crowe, 53, New Zealand cricketer (national team, Wellington Firebirds, Central Districts Stags), complications from lymphoma.
Sophie Dessus, 60, French politician, member of the National Assembly for Corrèze's 1st Constituency (since 2012), cancer.
Ashok Ghosh, 94, Indian politician, General Secretary of All India Forward Bloc (since 1946), multiple organ failure.
Hayabusa, 47, Japanese professional wrestler (Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling), brain hemorrhage.
Thanat Khoman, 102, Thai politician, Foreign Minister (1959–1971), respiratory failure.
Natalia Krachkovskaya, 77, Russian actress (Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future), heart attack.

4
Bud Collins, 86, American sports journalist.
Pat Conroy, 70, American author (The Prince of Tides, The Great Santini), pancreatic cancer.
Thomas G. Morris, 96, American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Mexico's at-large district (1959–1969); New Mexico House of Representatives (1953–1958).
Morgan F. Murphy, 83, American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 3rd congressional district (1971–1981), prostate cancer.
P. A. Sangma, 68, Indian politician, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1996–1998), heart attack.
Abbas Vaez-Tabasi, 80, Iranian cleric, Grand Imam of Ali al-Ridha mosque (since 1979), respiratory failure.

5
Hassan al-Turabi, 84, Sudanese Islamic spiritual leader, Secretary of the Popular Congress Party (1999-2016), figure in 1989 Sudanese coup d'état.
James Douglas, 86, American actor (As the World Turns, Another World, One Life to Live).
Nikolaus Harnoncourt, 86, Austrian conductor.
Lester Menke, 97, American politician, member of the Iowa House of Representatives (19731985), dementia.
Ray Tomlinson, 74, American Hall of Fame computer programmer, invented email and chose @ symbol for usage, heart attack.
Al Wistert, 95, American football player (Philadelphia Eagles, Michigan Wolverines), NFL Champion (1948, 1949).

6
Elizabeth Garrett, 52, American educator, president of Cornell University (20152016), colon cancer.
Znaur Gassiev, 90, South Ossetian politician, Head of State (1991-1992). (death announced on this date)
Kalabhavan Mani, 45, Indian actor (Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum) and singer, liver disease.
Nancy Reagan, 94, American actress (The Next Voice You Hear..., Hellcats of the Navy, Donovan's Brain), social activist (Just Say No), and First Lady (1981–1989), congestive heart failure.
Paul Ryan, 66, American comic artist (Fantastic Four, Superman, Iron Man), cancer.
Sheila Varian, 79, American horse breeder (Arabian horses), cancer.

7
Adrian Hardiman, 65, Irish judge, member of the Supreme Court (since 2000), heart attack.
Jean-Bernard Raimond, 90, French politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1986–1988).
Michael White, 80, Scottish movie and theatre producer (Monty Python and the Holy Grail, The Rocky Horror Picture Show), Tony Award-winner (1971, 1973), heart failure.

8
Richard Davalos, 85, American actor (Cool Hand Luke, East of Eden, Kelly's Heroes).
Aldo Ferrer, 88, Argentine economist, Minister of the Economy (1970-1971).
David S. Johnson, 70, American computer scientist.
George Martin, 90, British record producer (The Beatles), composer, arranger and engineer.
Alfred E. Senn, 83, American historian and academic, awarded Order of Vytautas the Great for service to Lithuania.

9
Sergio Arellano Stark, 94, Chilean military officer, leader of the Caravan of Death, complications from Alzheimer's disease.
Jon English, 66, Australian musician and actor (Against the Wind), complications from surgery.
Ray Griff, 75, Canadian country music singer ("If I Let Her Come In") and songwriter ("Canadian Pacific"), pneumonia.
Robert Horton, 91, American actor (Wagon Train).
Naná Vasconcelos, 71, Brazilian jazz percussionist and vocalist, eight-time Grammy Award winner, lung cancer.
Bill Wade, 85, American football player (Los Angeles Rams, Chicago Bears), NFL Champion (1963).

10
Sir Ken Adam, 95, British production designer (Dr. Strangelove, James Bond, The Madness of King George), Oscar winner (1975, 1994).
Ernestine Anderson, 87, American jazz and blues singer.
Anita Brookner, 87, British novelist (Hotel du Lac) and art historian, Man Booker Prize winner (1984).
Keith Emerson, 71, English progressive rock and rock keyboardist (The Nice, Emerson, Lake & Palmer), suicide by gunshot.
Claude Estier, 90, French politician and journalist, member of the National Assembly for Paris (19671968, 19811986), MEP for France (19791981).
Bill Gadsby, 88, Canadian Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Blackhawks, New York Rangers).
Gogi Grant, 91, American pop singer ("The Wayward Wind").
Roberto Perfumo, 73, Argentine footballer (Racing Club, Cruzeiro, national team), fall.
Jovito Salonga, 95, Filipino politician, Senate President (1987–1992), cardiac arrest.

11
Iolanda Balaș, 79, Romanian high jumper, Olympic champion (1960, 1964), director of the FRA (19882005), complications from a gastric disorder.
Rómulo Macció, 84, Argentine painter.
Doreen Massey, 72, British geographer, pancreatic cancer.
Louis Meyers, 60, American festival organizer, co-founder of South by Southwest, director of Folk Alliance International, suspected heart attack.
Dragan Nikolić, 72, Serbian actor (Kad budem mrtav i beo), cancer.
Lawrence Van Gelder, 83, American newspaper journalist (The New York Times), cancer.

12
Rafiq Azad, 74, Bangladeshi poet, stroke.
Erik Duval, 50, Belgian computer scientist, lymphoma.
Lloyd Shapley, 92, American mathematician and economist, Nobel Prize in Economics (2012), complications of a broken hip.

13
Adrienne Corri, 84, British actress (A Clockwork Orange), coronary artery disease.
Hilary Putnam, 89, American philosopher, mathematician and computer scientist, mesothelioma.
Martin Olav Sabo, 78, American politician, U.S. Representative from Minnesota (1979–2007), respiratory failure.
József Verebes, 74, Hungarian football player (Ferencvárosi TC) and coach (Győri ETO FC, MTK Budapest FC, national team), complications from a stroke.

14
John W. Cahn, 88, American metallurgist, awarded National Medal of Science (1998), namesake of Cahn–Hilliard equation, leukemia.
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, 81, English composer and conductor, Master of the Queen's Music (2004–2014), leukemia.
Riccardo Garrone, 89, Italian actor (La Dolce Vita, The Yellow Rolls-Royce, Swordsman of Siena), heart failure.
Suranimala Rajapaksha, 67, Sri Lankan politician and minister, MP (19942004), renal failure.
Davy Walsh, 92, Irish footballer (Limerick F.C., Aston Villa F.C., national team), pneumonia. (death announced on this date)

15
Asa Briggs, Baron Briggs, 94, British historian, codebreaker and life peer.
Tamara Grigsby, 41, American politician, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (20042012), cancer. (death announced on this date)
Ralph C. Johnson, 62, American politician, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (since 2015), complications from a stroke.
Earline W. Parmon, 72, American politician, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (20022012) and Senate (20122015).
Seru Rabeni, 37, Fijian rugby union player (national team), heart attack.
Lyubka Rondova, 79, Bulgarian folk singer.

16
Sylvia Anderson, 88, British television producer and voice actress (Thunderbirds). (death announced on this date)
Alexander Esenin-Volpin, 91, American poet and mathematician.
Cliff Michelmore, 96, British television presenter (BBC) and producer.
Frank Sinatra, Jr., 72, American singer ("That Face!") and actor (The Dean Martin Show, Hollywood Homicide, Family Guy), cardiac arrest.

17
Shozo Awazu, 92, Japanese judoka.
Meir Dagan, 71, Israeli military officer and intelligence official, Director of the Mossad (2002–2011), liver cancer.
Paul Daniels, 77, British magician (The Paul Daniels Magic Show), brain tumour.
Larry Drake, 66, American actor (L.A. Law, Johnny Bravo, Darkman), Emmy winner (1988, 1989), heart attack.
Zoltán Kamondi, 55, Hungarian movie director (Paths of Death and Angels).
Marian Kociniak, 80, Polish actor (How I Unleashed World War II), heart attack.
Solomon Marcus, 91, Romanian mathematician, heart failure.

18
Miguel Hernández Agosto, 88, Puerto Rican politician, President of the Senate (1981-1992).
Jan Němec, 79, Czech movie director (A Report on the Party and the Guests) and screenwriter, heart attack.
Joe Santos, 84, American actor (The Rockford Files, The Friends of Eddie Coyle, The Last Boy Scout), heart attack.
Lothar Späth, 78, German politician, Minister President of Baden-Württemberg (19781991), Alzheimer's disease.
Les Tanyuk, 77, Ukrainian theatre and movie director and politician, MP (1990–2012).
Tray Walker, 23, American football player (Baltimore Ravens), dirt bike accident.
Guido Westerwelle, 54, German politician, Foreign Minister (20092013) and Vice-Chancellor (20092011), leukemia.

19
Roger Agnelli, 56, Brazilian businessman, CEO of Vale S.A. (2001–2011), plane crash.
José Artetxe, 85, Spanish footballer (Athletic Bilbao, national team), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
Léonie Geisendorf, 101, Swedish architect.
Jack Mansell, 88, British football player (England B, Brighton, Portsmouth) and coach (Israel, Reading, Rotherham United).

20
Robert J. Healey, 58, American politician, political activist and attorney, suspected heart attack. (body found on this date)
Anker Jørgensen, 93, Danish politician, Prime Minister (1972–1973, 1975–1982).

21
Peter Brown, 80, American actor (Lawman, Laredo, Foxy Brown), complications from Parkinson's disease.
Andrew Grove, 79, American business executive, CEO and Chairman of Intel Corporation, complications from Parkinson's disease.
Joseph Mercieca, 87, Maltese Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Malta (1976–2006).
Carolyn Squires, 75, American politician, member of the Montana Senate (2002–2010) and House of Representatives (since 2010), colorectal cancer.

22
Richard Bradford, 82, American actor (Man in a Suitcase, The Untouchables, Cagney & Lacey).
Leon Charney, 77, American real estate tycoon and talk show host. (death announced on this date)
Glen Dawson, 103, American rock climber and mountaineer.
Phife Dawg, 45, American rap musician (A Tribe Called Quest), complications from diabetes.
Santiago J. Erevia, 70, American soldier (Vietnam War), Medal of Honor recipient.
Rob Ford, 46, Canadian politician, Mayor of Toronto (2010–2014), liposarcoma.
Rita Gam, 88, American actress (The Thief, King of Kings, No Exit) and filmmaker, respiratory failure.

23
Joe Garagiola, Sr., 90, American baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates) and sportscaster (MLB GOTW), World Series Champion (1946).
Ken Howard, 71, American actor (1776, The White Shadow)  and union executive, president of the SAG/SAG-AFTRA (20092016), Emmy Award winner (2009), Tony Award winner (1970).
Jimmy Riley, 61, Jamaican reggae musician (The Uniques), cancer.

24
Maggie Blye, 73, American actress (The Italian Job), cancer.
Roger Cicero, 45, German jazz and pop musician, stroke.
Johan Cruyff, 68, Dutch football player and manager (AFC Ajax, FC Barcelona, national team), lung cancer.
Earl Hamner, Jr., 92, American television writer and producer (Falcon Crest, The Waltons, The Twilight Zone), cancer.
Esther Herlitz, 94, Israeli diplomat and politician.
Marie-Claire Kirkland, 91, Canadian politician and judge, first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
Tibor R. Machan, 77, Hungarian-born American philosopher and journalist.
Garry Shandling, 66, American comedian, actor (The Larry Sanders Show, It's Garry Shandling's Show, Captain America: The Winter Soldier) and Emmy Award-winning television writer (Sanford and Son, Welcome Back, Kotter), heart attack.
Leonard L. Northrup Jr., 98, American engineer.

25
Abu Ala al-Afri, 57/58, Iraqi militant, leading member of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, bombing.
Clodomir Santos de Morais, 87, Brazilian sociologist, heart failure.
Paolo Poli, 86, Italian theater actor (Gulliver's Travels).
Imre Pozsgay, 82, Hungarian Communist politician, Minister of Education (1980-1982).
David Snellgrove, 95, British Tibetologist.
Adam Żurowski, 86, Polish geodesist.

26
David Baker, 84, American jazz musician.
Norm Hadley, 51, Canadian rugby union player (London Wasps).⋅
Jim Harrison, 78, American author and screenwriter (Legends of the Fall, Wolf), heart attack.
Igor Pashkevich, 44, Soviet-born Russian Olympic figure skater (1994, 1998), World Juniors champion (1990).

27
Mother Angelica, 92, American Franciscan nun, founder of the Eternal Word Television Network, complications from a stroke.
Vince Boryla, 89, American basketball player and coach (New York Knicks), and general manager (Denver Nuggets), Olympic champion (1948), complications from pneumonia.
Alain Decaux, 90, French historian, member of the Académie française.
Antoine Demoitié, 25, Belgian cyclist, race collision.
Anatoly Savin, 95, Soviet-born Russian weapons designer, Hero of Socialist Labour.

28
Daan Myngheer, 22, Belgian professional cyclist, heart attack.
James Noble, 94, American actor (Benson, 10, Archie: To Riverdale and Back Again), complications from a stroke.

29
Jean-Pierre Coffe, 78, French television presenter and food critic.
Patty Duke, 69, American actress (The Miracle Worker, The Patty Duke Show, Valley of the Dolls), President of SAG (19851988), Oscar winner (1963), sepsis.

30
Anne Aasheim, 53, Norwegian newspaper editor (Dagbladet), lung cancer.
Howard Cable, 95, Canadian conductor, composer and arranger, complications from pneumonia.
Shirley Hufstedler, 90, American lawyer and judge, Secretary of Education (1979–1981), cerebrovascular disease.
Bernard Lamarre, 84, Canadian soil mechanics engineer and businessman, CEO of Lavalin (1962–1991).
Bill Rosendahl, 70, American politician, member of the Los Angeles City Council (2005–2013), ureteral cancer.
Gianmaria Testa, 57, Italian singer-songwriter.

31
Béla Biszku, 94, Hungarian politician, Minister of the Interior (1957–1961).
Ronnie Corbett, 85, British comedian (The Two Ronnies, The Frost Report) and actor (Casino Royale), motor neurone disease.
Georges Cottier, 93, Swiss Roman Catholic cardinal.
Hans-Dietrich Genscher, 89, German politician, Minister of the Interior (1969–1974), Minister for Foreign Affairs (1974–1982; 1982–1992) and Vice Chancellor (1974–1982; 1982–1992), heart failure.
Dame Zaha Hadid, 65, Iraqi-born British architect, heart attack.
Imre Kertész, 86, Hungarian writer, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (2002), complications from Parkinson's disease.
Denise Robertson, 83, British writer and television broadcaster (This Morning), pancreatic cancer.
Khuzaima Qutbuddin, 75, Indian Islamic leader, cancer.
Douglas Wilmer, 96, English actor (Sherlock Holmes, Octopussy, Jason and the Argonauts).

Months
 January
 February
 March
 April
 May
 June
 July
 August
 September
 October
 November
 December

Related pages
 Deaths in 2014
 Deaths in 2015

References

Other websites
 The Guardian, UK obituaries
 Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
 Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
 The New York Times, US obituaries
 The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
 The Telegraph obituaries

03
March 2016 events

Deaths in March 2016


Kayleigh Emma Pearson (born 25 June 1985) is an English model who is most famous for winning FHM's second High Street Honey competition, in 2003.

Born in Bath, Somerset, she was named after the Marillion song "Kayleigh" when it was in the charts in 1985, which her mother heard on the radio while in hospital after giving birth. Raised in Bewdley, she attended Bewdley High School and studied sports science at the University of Worcester.

Pearson was the winner of FHM'''s High Street Honeys competition in 2003. Her audition photo had been originally taken to send to her then-boyfriend, a soldier, to boost his morale while he was stationed in Iraq.

Pearson released a single in 2004 with The Girls of FHM called "Do U Think I'm Sexy?" which reached No. 7 in the charts. In 2006, she had her breast size increased from 34B to 34DD, and first appeared topless in Nuts magazine.

Pearson is one of the original Candy Girls of the CandyCrib. Along with Louise Cliffe, Claire Andrisani, Natalie Oxley, Jerri Byrne, Hannah Joy Lewis, Jodie Nicholls and Krystle Gohel, she spent most of 2005 living in the CandyCrib'' – a reality TV show featuring the UK's top glamour models.

References

External links
 Kayleigh Pearson FHM Profile

1985 births
English female models
Glamour models
Living people
People from Bath, Somerset
People from Bewdley

Kayleigh Pearson


Armand Mastroianni (born August 1, 1948) is an American film director and producer.

Biography
Armand Mastroianni's directorial debut was the 1980 horror film He Knows You're Alone which was also the screen debut of actor Tom Hanks. He has directed some studio films such as The Celestine Prophecy, the bulk of his career has mainly been focused on directing television films, such as "The Ring," "First Daughter," One of Her Own, and Robin Cook's "Invasion," and television dramas, such as  "Dark Shadows" and "Nightmare Cafe."  He is currently producing and directing material for his production company.  He is the father of Paul Mastroianni, who is also pursuing a career in filmmaking.

Filmography

Feature films & Miniseries

Television series

External links

American people of Italian descent
1948 births
Living people
American film directors
American television directors

Armand Mastroianni


Loumonvi Sodzadan Fombo (born January 3, 1951) is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Togo.

Fombo was born in Atakpamé and is a member of the Ifê ethnic group. In 1996 he became Regional Director of Agriculture, Breeding, and Fishing in Plateaux Region, and he was subsequently elected to the National Assembly of Togo. He was First Vice-President of the National Assembly from 2000 to 2002, and he was re-elected to the National Assembly in the October 2002 parliamentary election from the First Constituency of Ogou Prefecture. Standing as the candidate of the ruling Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), he was the only candidate in his constituency due to an opposition boycott, but it was nevertheless alleged that young people were driven around to different polling stations to vote for him multiple times. Following this election, he became President of the National Assembly's Human Rights Commission. In 2004, he was elected to the Pan-African Parliament.

References

Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Togo
1951 births
Living people
Members of the National Assembly (Togo)
Rally of the Togolese People politicians
21st-century Togolese people

Loumonvi Fombo


BayImg is an image hosting website founded in 2007 by The Pirate Bay, and pulled offline after a TPB server was compromised in 2014. BayImg provided a no-registration service that did not have any copyright license enforced on its images.

BayImg had a 100MB file limit and supported over 140 different file formats. Uploaded images were automatically converted to JPEG format. It used tag clouds to browse images and supports removal codes for images. The website aimed to host all images that are legal but reserved the right to remove images due to technical reasons.

Anyone could upload and remain fully anonymous, making it harder to track down which user uploaded a certain image. It had been criticised for the 'unnecessary' use of JavaScript to load images.

We do not censor [the images]. We believe in freedom of speech, it's of utter importance to us. As long as your pictures are legal they will be hosted here, but we reserve the right to remove images due to technical reasons though.

Well, we really think it is a big deal [to host uncensored images]. Freedom of speech is our foundation. And it doesn't come cheap. You might have heard that old quote by Evelyn Beatrice Hall; "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." It's really that simple. There are a lot of ugly opinions out there, but democracy ain't worth much without the right to express those opinions. There is this myth about freedom of speech being a nice comfortable idea, well it's not. It's annoying, appalling and sometimes even dangerous. But the opposite is way worse.

By the word "legal", BayImg meant legal under Swedish law.

Pre-publication images from GQ, Vogue, Teen Vogue and Lucky, posted to BayImg, became part of a legal battle when Conde Nast's servers were illegally accessed and links to the images were posted on a fashion blog. The blogger was IP-traced, raided by the FBI, and settled with Conde Nast.

Notes

External links
 BayImg.com (official website)

Image-sharing websites
The Pirate Bay
Internet properties established in 2007

de:The Pirate Bay#BAYIMG

BayImg


The Battle of Takur Ghar was a short but intense military engagement between United States special operations forces and al-Qaeda insurgents fought in March 2002, atop Takur Ghar mountain in Afghanistan. For the U.S. side, the battle proved the deadliest entanglement of Operation Anaconda, an effort early in the War in Afghanistan to rout al-Qaeda forces from the Shahi-Kot Valley and Arma Mountains. The battle saw three helicopter landings by the U.S. on the mountain top, each met with direct assault from al-Qaeda forces. Although Takur Ghar was eventually taken, seven U.S. service members were killed and 12 others were wounded. The battle is also known as the Battle of Roberts Ridge, after the first casualty of the battle, Navy SEAL Neil C. Roberts.

Prelude
In the evening of 3 March 2002, the Task Force 11 leadership essentially ordered the Delta Force AFO commander to pass control of the AFO teams involved in the Operation Anaconda to the SEALs of Task Force Blue-who were moving teams in from Bagram to Gardez for this purpose. The SEALs were not heavily involved in the Operation up to this point but the TF11 commander bluntly ordered their deployment as well as changing the immediate command in an ongoing operation, possibly so that the SEALs could gain combat experience.

Battle
In the late evening of March 3, two SEAL teams from DEVGRU, MAKO 30 & MAKO 21, led by Lieutenant Commander Vic Hyder (MAKO 21) and Senior Chief Petty Officer Britt K. Slabinski (MAKO 30), were to arrive in Gardez for immediate insertion into the Shahi-Kot Valley. MAKO 21 planned to link up with AFO team Juliet at the northern end of the valley, resupply it and then establish a hide site/observation post on the eastern ridge above Task Force Rakkasan's blocking position; whilst MAKO 30 planned to establish an observation point on the peak of Takur Ghar, which commanded a view of the Shahi-Kot valley. Due to time constraints, a helicopter insertion would be needed for the team to reach the peak before dawn. The AFO suggested insertion at a point  east of the peak, but due to a delayed B-52 bomber sortie in the area, the team was told to turn back and land at the airstrip near Gardez. Further complications arose during the second lift off as they were delayed due to an air assault in proximity of the LZ. With the threat of daylight getting near, the SEALs chose the peak itself as the insertion point.

The two teams were picked up by two MH-47 Chinook helicopters of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, Razor 03 and Razor 04, at 11:23 PM on March 3. However, Razor 03 experienced engine difficulties, and two new MH-47s were dispatched to replace the original helicopters. This delay meant that the SEALs could not be inserted into the landing zone east of the peak until 2:30 AM on March 4, with not enough time to reach the peak before daylight.

An AC-130H Spectre, Nail 22, flew a reconnaissance mission over the peak prior to the landing and saw no enemy activity, but it was called away to support other troops before Razor 03 and 04 arrived at the landing zone; MAKO 30 team leader was uneasy at the speed with which the sweep was conducted and wondered whether they had the right mountain but he dismissed his doubts and trusted the Spectre's technology. At around 0245 hours, as Razor 03 flared to land at the LZ and was immediately fired upon by machinegun and RPGs, an RPG struck just behind the cockpit, starting a fire in the cabin. As machinegun rounds penetrated the unarmored Chinook, another RPG, seconds after the first, hit the Chinook's right-side radar pod, which blew out all electrical power to the helicopter, particularly its miniguns and navigational systems. The Chinook was hit by a further 2 RPGs and more heavy automatic weapons fire from at least three distinct firing points (particularly from a supposedly abandoned DShK position). The Chinook set down at a slight depression, shielding the pilots from the DShK's fire.

The pilot, Chief Warrant Officer Alan Mack, made the call to take the stricken helicopter off; as he brought the Chinook back into the air, PO1 Neil C. Roberts fell out of the open ramp. SOAR crew chief Sgt. Dan Madden and Electronics Technician Second Class Brett Morganti grabbed hold of his pack but they lost his grip. Razor 03 attempted to return and retrieve him, but the damage prevented proper control and the helicopter was forced to make an emergency landing in the valley about  away. Roberts fell  into the snow covering Takur Ghar and activated his infrared strobe to mark his position. Razor 04, piloted by Chief Warrant Officer Jason Friel, returned to the peak to attempt to rescue Roberts, as the Chinook offloaded MAKO 30, they came under immediate fire from the DShK, though it was relatively unscathed and left the AO after MAKO 30 successfully disembarked.

At first, the insurgents didn't spot MAKO 30 in the early morning darkness, MAKO 30 split up into two-man pairs to conduct bounding movements, making good ground until the enemy spotted them. One team ran across a concealed al-Qaeda bunker and killed 3 fighters before the SEALs were suppressed by other fighters with a PKM machine gun. The firefight lasted 20 minutes before the team leader decided to order his team to break contact, USAF combat controller Master Sergeant John A. Chapman (then Technical Sergeant) and two SEALs were wounded. Mako 30 was forced off the peak due to its losses and requested the assistance of the quick-reaction force mainly made up of Rangers from the 1st Battalion Ranger located at Bagram Air Base, led by Captain Nate Self. Master Sergeant Chapman was mistakenly believed to have been killed prior to Mako 30 withdrawing from the peak. Alone and wounded twice in the torso, facing superior numbers of enemy insurgents, drone footage showed Sergeant Chapman killing at least two of the insurgents, one who was charging at him, one in hand-to-hand combat, before being killed by a single gunshot wound to the heart after being wounded 16 times while providing covering fire to distract Taliban fighters from an approaching rescue helicopter.

The quick reaction force (QRF) consisted of 19 Rangers, Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) Staff Sergeant Kevin Vance, and a three-man USAF special tactics team (PJs and Combat Controllers) carried by two Chinooks, Razor 01 and Razor 02. Due to satellite communications difficulties, Razor 01 was mistakenly directed to the "hot" LZ on the peak at . As Air Force rules prohibited AC-130 aircraft from remaining in hostile airspace in daylight after the crash of an AC-130 during the Battle of Khafji in the Gulf War, the AC-130 support (callsign GRIM-32), whose protecting Mako 30 was forced to leave before Razor 01 reached the LZ. During the flight, the Ranger commander was informed that his team was to land and extract a "SEAL sniper team" that was in contact with the enemy, which was false. Further communications difficulties meant that the pilot of the AC-130, GRIM-32, was unaware that Razor 01 was incoming. At approximately 0610 hours, Razor 01, under the command of Captain Nate Self, reached the landing zone. The aircraft immediately began taking fire from RPG, DShK and small arms fire, and the right door minigunner, Sergeant Philip Svitak, was killed and the helicopter pilots, Chief Warrant Officers Greg Calvert and Chuck Gant, were seriously wounded by the small arms fire. An RPG then hit the helicopter, destroying the right engine and forcing it to crash land. As the Rangers and special tactics team exited the aircraft, Private First Class Matt Commons (posthumously promoted to Corporal), Sergeant Brad Crose, and Specialist Marc Anderson were killed (Anderson was shot and killed inside the helicopter while Commons and Crose were gunned down on the helicopter ramp). The surviving crew and quick-reaction force took cover behind a hillock and a fierce firefight began. CPT Self decided to suppress the enemy firing points and launch a counterattack against the peak, bounding forward in subteams (one team firing while the other moved forward). They advanced about 20m before the weight of enemy fire forced them into cover.

Razor 02, which had been diverted to Gardez as Razor 01 was landing on Takur Ghar, returned with the rest of the quick-reaction force at 0625 hours. Razor 02 inserted the other half of the QRF with its force of 10 Rangers at an "offset" landing zone, down the mountain some   east and over  below the mountaintop. The Rangers' movement up the hill was a physically demanding 2-hour effort under heavy mortar fire and in thin mountain air. They climbed the 45-70 degree slope, most of it covered in a meter (3 ft) of snow, weighted down by their weapons, body armor and equipment. By 1030 am local time, the men covered half of the 50m distance to the enemy positions when they were engaged by PKM fire. They were exhausted and the enemy at the top of the hill a mere  from their position. Meanwhile, the Rangers on the peak called in several Danger Close gun runs from orbiting F-15E and F-16C aircraft to suppress the enemy before again attempting another ground assault. However, the Ranger commander realized that what they had assumed was fallen logs and foliage was actually a fortified bunker. He ordered his Rangers to withdraw as they did not have enough men to start clearing them and other prepared positions. The attached USAF CCT, Staff Sergeant Gabe Brown vectored in airstrikes to keep the al-Qaeda forces at bay until the rest of the Rangers arrived; the CCT directed a number of strikes on the peak, which were well within the normal safety limits and he also called in a strike from a MQ-1 Predator UAV (which was the first recorded use of the vehicle), one of the two Hellfire missiles it fired collapsed the bunker. As the ten men of Razor 02 arrived, the Rangers prepared to assault the enemy positions. As the Air Force CCT Staff Sergeant Gabe Brown called in a last airstrike on the enemy bunkers and with two machine guns providing suppression fire, 14 Rangers stormed the hill as quickly as they could in the knee-deep snow – shooting and throwing grenades. Within minutes, the Rangers took the hill, killing several al Qaeda fighters.

The force was able to consolidate its position on the peak. An enemy counterattack midday mortally wounded Senior Airman Jason D. Cunningham, a pararescueman who died six hours after being hit. The wounded were refused medical evacuation during the daylight hours, due to risk of another downed helicopter. However, Australian SASR soldiers, along with U.S. Air Force Combat Controller Jim Hotaling, had infiltrated nearby prior to the first helicopter crash as part of a long range reconnaissance mission. They remained undetected in an observation post through the firefight and CCT Jim Hotaling proved critical in co-ordinating multiple Coalition air strikes to prevent the al Qaeda fighters from overrunning the downed aircraft. This, plus the actions of the two SASR operators working with the 10th Mountain, earned the commander of the Australian SASR force in Afghanistan the U.S. Bronze Star for his unit's outstanding contribution to the war on terrorism.

At 20:15 hours, the quick-reaction force and Mako 30/21 were exfiltrated from the Takur Ghar peak.

For their actions on Takur Ghar, Chapman, Cunningham, and Technical Sergeant Keary J. Miller were awarded the Air Force Cross, the second highest award for bravery. Chapman and Slabinski were, in 2018, awarded the highest and most prestigious personal military decoration in the US, the Medal of Honor. Electronics Technician Second Class Brett Morganti was awarded the Navy Cross.

Roberts survived at least 30 minutes (during which he was in the right leg) before he was shot and killed at close range by a single gunshot to the back of the head.

Fate of Roberts and Chapman
It is not certain whether Roberts died immediately or was killed by opposing fighters later. There is a possibility that the sailor was captured by the al Qaeda fighters after being shot in the right leg, and executed later with a single shot to the back of the head. (One of the feeds showed a group of 8–10 fighters huddling around what appeared to be a body; both GRIM-32 and MAKO 30 noted that an IR strobe was active, a video feed showed the fighters passing the IR strobe around.) This report has not been confirmed. MG Frank Hagenbeck did confirm that al Qaeda fighters were seen (on live video feed from a Predator drone orbiting the firefight) chasing Roberts, and later dragging his body away from the spot where he fell. Another feed from the same Predator showed a puff of heat [from a rifle] and the indistinct figure in front of it fall. Also, the quick-reaction soldiers reported fighters wearing Roberts' gear and finding "a helmet with a bullet hole in it, [from which] it was clear the last person [Roberts] to wear it had been shot in the head". Other reports have Roberts surviving for nearly an hour and inflicting serious casualties on opposing forces with his pistol and grenades before his death.

Predator drone footage also shows the possibility that Chapman was alive and fighting on the peak after the SEALs left rather than being killed outright as thought by MAKO 30. A man was seen fighting in a bunker against multiple enemies until hit by an RPG. If this man was Chapman, he succumbed to a single gunshot wound to the heart "just a mere 45 seconds before... Razor 01 appeared over the mountaintop". The White House announced on July 27, 2018, that Chapman would posthumously receive the Medal of Honor at an August 22, 2018 ceremony.

Col. Andrew N. Milani (former commander of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment) and Dr. Stephen D. Biddle noted in their 2003 United States Army War College publication that the Predator was on station 90 minutes after Roberts had fallen; the images that were shot before the Predator had arrived were shot by GRIM-32's Infrared Cameras, although this has not been confirmed by commanders.

Presented with the Air Force analysis in 2016, Colonel Milani submitted an addendum to his paper. "With some of the original uncertainty removed, I can state that the probability now lies more in favor of Chapman surviving the original assault", he wrote.

U.S. casualties

Killed
SEAL Team Six:
 Petty Officer First Class Neil "Fifi" C. Roberts

United States Air Force Combat Control Team:
 Master Sergeant John A. Chapman

United States Air Force Pararescue:
 Senior Airman Jason D. Cunningham

75th Ranger Regiment:
 Corporal Matthew A. Commons
 Sergeant Bradley S. Crose
 Specialist Marc A. Anderson

160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne):
 Sergeant Philip "Spytech" Svitak

Wounded
SEAL Team Six:
 Aviation Boatswain's Mate 1st Class Stephen "Turbo" Toboz Jr., wounded in the left lower leg.
 Electronics Technician 2nd Class Brett Morganti, wounded in both legs.

160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne):
 Chief Warrant Officer Donald Tabron, wounded by a single gunshot wound in the index finger.
 Sergeant First Class Cory Lamoreaux, wounded by a single gunshot wound in the abdomen.
 Staff Sergeant David Dube, wounded by a single gunshot wound in the left leg.
 Chief Warrant Officer Greg Calvert, wounded by a single gunshot wound in the left leg.
 Chief Warrant Officer Chuck Gant, wounded by a single gunshot wound in the right hand and RPG fragments.

75th Ranger Regiment:
 Captain Nate Self, wounded by RPG fragments.
 Staff Sergeant Ray DePouli, wounded by RPG fragments.
 Private First Class David Gilliam, wounded by RPG fragments.
 Specialist Aaron Totten-Lancaster, wounded by RPG fragments.
 Staff Sergeant Kevin Vance, wounded by RPG fragments.

In popular culture
The story of the 2010 video game Medal of Honor is based on the Battle of Takur Ghar with the character "Rabbit" loosely based on Neil "Fifi" C. Roberts.
The captain in charge of Ranger Quick Reaction Force (QRF) on MH-47 call sign Razor 01, Nate Self, was dubbed a hero and was subsequently interviewed regarding both the battle and development of PTSD as a result of the incidents. He has written a book entitled "Two Wars" which details his experiences.
The battle is depicted in an episode of the Situation Critical series, as well as the History Channel series The Warfighters.

References

Bibliography
MacPherson, M. 2005. Roberts Ridge: A Story of Courage and Sacrifice on Takur Ghar Mountain, Afghanistan, Delacorte,
Naylor, S. 2005. Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda, Berkley Hardcover, .
 Executive Summary of the Battle of Takur Ghar (pdf)
Self, N. 2008. Two Wars: One Hero's Fight on Two Fronts—Abroad and Within, Tyndale House,

External links
Artist's rendition of the battle

Battles of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Battles of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) involving the United States
Battles of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) involving Australia
Operations involving American special forces
March 2002 events in Asia

Battle of Takur Ghar


The Yellow River Piano Concerto () is a piano concerto arranged by a collaboration between Chinese composers, including Yin Chengzong and Chu Wanghua, and based on the Yellow River Cantata by composer Xian Xinghai. It was originally directed by Jiang Qing, wife of Chairman Mao, and since its highly acclaimed premiere in 1970 during the Cultural Revolution the Concerto has become popular in China and around the globe. It is noted for its revolutionary theme that integrates a classic post-romantic music structure with passion, beauty and power, along with highly skilled solo phases. The piano concerto is meant to represent the very fighting spirit of Chinese people and the determination of a new-born nation, in the context of a long, vividly struggling history of the Yellow River.

Background
Xian Xinghai wrote the Yellow River Cantata at Yan'an in 1939, allegedly in a cave in just six days, during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). It is an eight-movement piece in which he used traditional folk-melodies and evoked the image of the  Yellow River as a symbol of Chinese defiance against the Japanese invaders. During his stay in Russia, he edited and re-orchestrated the work, which was later modified by Li Huanzhi, Qu Wei, and Yan Liangkun. This edition aimed at furthering the energy and momentum of the music, and in this light the rearrangement of the Yellow River Piano Concerto thirty years later is merely a continuation of that same practice.

Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Xian Xinghai together with Nie Er (who wrote the Chinese national anthem, the "March of the Volunteers") were regarded by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai as "the people's musicians" and were the most prestigious composers of the PRC. Yet, even the Yellow River Cantata was banned from performance during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976); the Central Philharmonic Orchestra was forbidden to perform any Western orchestral pieces and its professional musicians were left with nothing to do. Under such circumstances, the pianist Yin Chengzong loaded his piano onto a truck and drove it to Tiananmen Square to accompany revolutionary songs that were sung at the time. He caught the eye of Jiang Qing (better known in the West as Madame Mao), which resulted in the work The Legend of the Red Lantern to be accompanied by the piano. Under orders of Madame Mao, a collective of musicians from the Central Philharmonic Society including Yin Chengzong (殷承宗), Liu Zhuang (刘庄), Chu Wanghua (储望华), Sheng Lihong (盛礼洪), Shi Shucheng (石叔诚), and Xu Feixing (许斐星) rearranged the cantata into a four-movement piano concerto:

 Prelude: The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen (黄河船夫曲)
 Ode To the Yellow River (黄河頌)
 The Yellow River In Anger (黄河憤)
 Defend the Yellow River (保衛黄河)

However, Madame Mao thought that the work could be improved, thence the standard performing edition (1970) was created, a piece more politically loaded and musically more conventional.

With the official end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976, the Yellow River Piano Concerto was banished from the Chinese concert stage, retaining a certain popularity outside China. Nevertheless, by the late 1980s it was filtering back into the Chinese musical mainstream, usually in the form of new performing editions, new recordings, and live performances by Chinese and Western artists. Apart from changes in the orchestration, the main differences between the various editions have been what the editors have done with the anthems integrated in the finale.

Summary

Prelude: The Song of the Yellow River Boatman
"The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen" describes the momentum of the terrifying waves of the Yellow River and uses the rapid chromatic crescendo and long rolls of the timpani and cymbals typical of the eight model plays model operas.

Ode to the Yellow River
The original heroic tenor solo melody of the "Ode to the Yellow River" is sung in praise of the history and presence of the Yellow River, signifying the cultural pride of the Chinese. This broad Chinese recitative is supported by the deep and rich timbre of the cello, and is considered as an example of the nationalistic style. Before the coda, the opening motif from the Chinese National Anthem is included in the trombone part.

The Wrath of the Yellow River
"The Wrath of the Yellow River", originally sung by a soprano solo, begins with a dizi solo accompanied by the piano. This is obviously inspired by the Jiangnan melody of the Butterfly Lovers' Violin Concerto, but rewritten in the style of northwest Shanbei folk idioms. In the third movement, the piano brings out the melody taken from the "Ballad of the Yellow Rivers", originally a mellow number sung by female chorus. We then hear the "Lament at the Yellow River" taking over for this movement.

Defend the Yellow River
As the finale of this piano concerto, the theme is arranged into a polyphonic canon. It is also apparent that the tune from "The East is Red" is persistent throughout the entire movement; among the various versions of the Yellow River Concerto that are currently in circulation, including Yin Chengzong's film recording, we can hear a recapitulation of the theme of "Defending the Yellow River" played canonically against the strings after the climatic tutti of "The East is Red". Then the first phrase of "The East is Red" is played by the trumpet, and tightly followed by the final phrase of the "Internationale", as an example of thematic writing huan wei (換尾; literally "Changing the end") that is often found in traditional Chinese music.

Instrumentation
The concerto is scored for a solo piano and orchestra of piccolo, dizi (Chinese flute), 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons, 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in B-flat), 3 trombones, timpani, triangle, cymbals (suspended), harp, pipa (though not all editions of the score show this), and strings.

Notable recordings
 Ilana Vered pianist with National Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Elgar Howarth
 Xiang-Dong Kong pianist with China Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Mak Ka Lok
 Lang Lang pianist with China Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Long Yu
 Yundi Li pianist with China NCPA Concert Hall Orchestra conducted by Zuochuang Chen
 Shi Shucheng pianist with Central Philharmonic Society of China conducted by Han Zhongjie
 Yin Chengzong pianist with Czecho-Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Adrian Leaper
 Daniel Epstein pianist with The Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Eugene Ormandy

Historical performances
 The Austrian-Taiwanese pianist Ruei-Bin Chen was the designated soloist who performed the Yellow River Concerto at the Expo 2010, with Shanghai Chinese Orchestra conducted by Wang Fujian.
 The Chinese pianist Lang Lang performed the fourth movement of the Yellow River Concerto at the 2008 Summer Olympics Countdown Event in Tiananmen Square.

See also
Chinese orchestra

References

External links
 Yellow River Piano Concerto
 The Review for Shanghai Chinese Orchestra's The Ballad of Spring II Concert, 2010

Piano concertos
Chinese classical music
1939 compositions

Yellow River Piano Concerto


The American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. It is divided into three subspecies: the eastern American toad (A. a. americanus), the dwarf American toad (A. a. charlesmithi) and the rare Hudson Bay toad (A. a. copei). Recent taxonomic treatments place this species in the genus Anaxyrus instead of Bufo.

Tadpoles

The eggs of the American toad are laid in two strings and can hatch in 2–14 days. When hatched the tadpoles are recognizable by their skinny tails in relation to the size of their black bodies. They may advance to adulthood in 50–65 days. When metamorphosis is completed, the "toadlets" may stay in the water for a short period of time before they become mostly land based. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a begin a mass migration to higher ground. Toadlets usually migrate to shaded areas in mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes where they were bred. Toadlets can be observed eating microscopic bugs as fast as they can in the ground area they roam between various vegetation; they are also known to eat ants, spiders, slugs and worms. Studies have shown that they have a mutualistic relationship with Chlorogonium algae, which makes tadpoles develop faster than normal. Leaf litter from invasive plants like autumn olive or purple loosestrife in the larval nursery can increase the burden of trematode parasite infestation among tadpoles, possibly mediated by faster development of tadpoles in these aquatic environments than in nurseries with leaves of native black huckleberry or swamp loosestrife.

Tadpoles have several mechanisms to reduce predation. They avoid predators by swimming in very shallow water often with thick grass vegetation, and by swimming close together in schools during the day. Tadpoles also produce toxic chemicals in their skin that discourage some potential predators. Fish have been reported to die after consuming one tadpole; however, most fish quickly learn to avoid eating American toad tadpoles. The tadpoles are also very small and they are a solid black color.

Biogeography
Based on DNA sequence comparisons, Anaxyrus americanus and other North American species of Anaxyrus are thought to be descended from an invasion of toads from South America prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama land bridge, presumably by means of rafting.

Subspecies
Races tend to hybridize with Anaxyrus woodhousii in their overlapping ranges.

Eastern American toad

The eastern American toad (A. a. americanus) is a medium-sized toad usually ranging in size from ; the record length for an eastern American toad is . The color and pattern is somewhat variable, especially for the females. Skin color can change depending on habitat colors, humidity, stress, and temperature. Color changes range from yellow to brown to black, from solid colors to speckled. Their breeding habits are very similar to Anaxyrus fowleri. The call or voice of a breeding male is a high trill that lasts between 6–30 seconds and sounds similar to a ringing telephone. Males call for an average of 6-7 nights during their breeding period. Females show preference for call efforts (rate × duration), but not call frequency. They hibernate during the winter. The eastern American toad has spots that contain only one to two warts. It also has enlarged warts on the tibia or lower leg below the knee. While the belly is usually spotted, in some areas many are, and it is generally more so on the forward half (in some rare individuals there may be few or no spots). This subspecies of the American toad has no or very little markings on it. The spades on the back legs are blackish. Some toads of this subspecies have a more pervasive red and deep brown color, many with red warts on their bodies. Also eastern American toads have parotoid glands that are the same color as the surrounding skin. The glands don't usually have any patterning on them.

Other species that may be confused with the eastern American toad are Fowler's toad, which has three or more warts in the largest dark spots, and in the far west of its range woodhouse's toad. Fowler's toad can be especially difficult to identify in comparison to the eastern American toad but one difference is that it never has a spotted belly and both cranial crests touch the parotoid glands. Also, Fowler's toads are very fast hoppers (bursts of 5–10 fast hops) in comparison to Eastern toads lethargic, casual hopping and walking locomotion. In the eastern American toad these crests almost never touch the parotoid glands, which secrete bufotoxin, a poisonous substance meant to make the toad unpalatable to potential predators. Bufotoxin is a mild poison in comparison to that of other poisonous toads and frogs, but it can irritate human eyes and mucous membranes and is dangerous to smaller animals (such as dogs) when ingested.

American toads require a semi-permanent freshwater pond or pool with shallow water in which to breed, to gather their water supplies in times of drought or as a routine, and for their early development. They also require dense patches of vegetation, for cover and hunting grounds. Given these two things and a supply of insects for food, American toads can live almost everywhere, ranging from forests to flat grassland. Females when caught are silent and easily tamed, adapting to terrarium life readily, while the smaller males are readily communicative. The smaller males do not adapt well to terrarium life and should be released after a few days of observation. Adult toads are mostly nocturnal, although juveniles are often abroad by day. When it rains, these toads will become active and can be observed eating robustly worms and insects leaving their burrows and walking in front of an opportunist toad. These toads are 'creatures of habit' once they have a certain area they prefer to live within... an acre of wooded forest with water in proximity for soaking, a home with cool ledges and window wells; they commonly seek cover in burrows, under boardwalks, flat stones, boards, logs, wood piles, or other cover. When cold weather comes, these toads dig backwards and bury themselves in the dirt of their summer homes, or they may choose another site in which to hibernate. Their diet includes crickets, mealworms, earthworms, ants, spiders, slugs, centipedes, moths, and other small invertebrates. Some of these toads have been known to live over 30 years and currently a female specimen (over 13 centimeters long) is living healthily into her late 30s. Another female toad of 17 centimeters is known to have existed in Wisconsin from Washington Island on Lake Michigan.

The eastern American toad may be confused with the Canadian toad in the area where they overlap, but the cranial crests in the American toad do not join to form a raised "boss" (bump) like they do in the Canadian toad. Its range also overlaps with the southern toad's, but in this species the cranial crests form two unique knobs.

Dwarf American toad
The dwarf American toad (A. a. charlesmithi), is a smaller version of the American toad, which reaches lengths of about , is generally a dark reddish color ranging to light red in some specimens in isolated populations. The spots on the back are reduced or absent, and when present they contain a few small red warts and a black ring around it like in the normal American toad. The warts are always darker than the skin of the toad. Some specimens have a white dorsal line in the middle of their backs. The ventral surface or belly is usually cream colored with a few dark spots in the breast area. This subspecies can be distinguished from the above-mentioned species in the same manner as for the eastern American toad. The southwestern portion of the Dwarf American toad's range overlaps with that of the Gulf Coast toad. The latter species is distinguished by the presence of a dark lateral stripe as well as a deep "valley" between its prominent cranial crests. It eats mainly spiders, worms and small insects.

Hudson Bay toad
The Hudson Bay toad (A. a. copei) is a rare Canadian subspecies of A. americanus. This subspecies of the American toad has been seen in the northern parts of Ontario where there are a few isolated populations. These northern dwarf toads mostly have the red coloring on the sides of their bodies and have an unusually high number of warts for the subspecies. Interbreeding with eastern American toads caused this subspecies to lose the red coloring on their backs.

Inbreeding avoidance
Toads display breeding site fidelity, as do many other amphibians. Individuals that return to natal ponds to breed will likely encounter siblings as potential mates. Although incest is possible, Anaxyrus americanus siblings rarely mate. These toads likely recognize and actively avoid close kins as mates. Advertisement vocalizations by males appear to serve as cues by which females recognize their kin.

Gallery

See also
European toad
European green toad
Japanese toad

References

External links

 B. americanus at the United States Geological Survey site
 USDA – Bufo americanus – United States Department of Agriculture Integrated Taxonomic Information System''.
Animal Diversity Web: Bufo americanus
Photograph and audio recording of male American toad

Anaxyrus
Amphibians of the United States
Amphibians of Canada
Fauna of the Eastern United States
Fauna of the Great Lakes region (North America)
Amphibians described in 1836
Taxa named by John Edwards Holbrook

American toad


The Gallopin' Gaucho is the second short film featuring Mickey Mouse to be produced, following Plane Crazy and preceding Steamboat Willie. The Disney studios completed the silent version in August 1928, but did not release it in order to work on Steamboat Willie. It was released, with sound, after Steamboat Willie.

Both Mickey and Minnie Mouse had already made their initial debuts with the test screening of Plane Crazy on May 15, 1928. However that film had failed to catch the attention of distributors when first produced as a silent film. The Gallopin' Gaucho was a second attempt at success by co-directors Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The latter also served as the sole animator for it.

Roy O. Disney wrote down the total budget of the short in his ledger book, which ended up costing $4,249.73, which was about $720 more than the costs of Plane Crazy'''s $3,528.50 budget.

As the title implies, the short was intended as a parody of Douglas Fairbanks's The Gaucho, a film first released on November 21, 1927. Following the original film, the events of the short take place in the Pampas of Argentina with Mickey cast as the gaucho of the title.

The short will enter the US public domain on January 1, 2024.

Plot
Mickey is introduced riding on a rhea. He soon reaches local bar and restaurant Cantina Argentina. He enters the establishment with the apparent intent to relax with some drinking and smoking. (On the wall, a wanted sign for Mickey saying El gaucho, meaning Mickey Mouse is a bandit or a crook.)

Already present are resident barmaid and dancer Minnie Mouse and a fellow customer. The latter is Black Pete and is soon introduced as a wanted outlaw. Pete had already been established as an antagonist in both the Alice Comedies and the Oswald the Lucky Rabbit series.  However, this short marks his first encounter with either Mickey or Minnie.  The latter pair also appears unfamiliar to each other. The short apparently depicts their initial encounter.

Minnie performs the tango and salsa, and both customers start flirting with her. Pete then attempts to put an early ending to their emerging rivalry by proceeding in kidnapping her. He escapes on his donkey while Mickey gives chase on his rhea and soon catches up to his rival. Pete and Mickey then proceed in challenging each other to a sword duel. The latter emerges the victor (by covering Pete's head with a chamber pot he pulls out from under a bed) and finally gets hold of Minnie. The finale has Mickey and Minnie riding the rhea stage left until they are obscured entirely by trees in the foreground.

Characters
In later interviews, Iwerks would comment that Mickey as featured in The Gallopin' Gaucho was intended to be a swashbuckler, an adventurer modeled after Fairbanks himself. Later audiences would comment on all three earlier versions of Mickey Mouse characters as seeming to come out of rough, lower class backgrounds that little resemble the later versions of Mickey Mouse.

The feature characters of The Gallopin' Gaucho were obscure. When the cartoon starts, Mickey and Minnie have the same eyes as they have in Plane Crazy, but once Black Pete appears they suddenly have the dot eyes from Steamboat Willie. Mickey was at first thought to be much too similar to Oswald the Rabbit, which may have helped to explain the audience's apparent lack of interest in him. The mostly adult audience had become bored with what came to be called "rubber hose" animation. Disney would soon start to contemplate ways to distinguish the Mickey Mouse series from his previous work and that of his rivals.  Minnie's role as performer and damsel in distress is solidified in this.  It is also the first time she wears her distinctive oversized high-heeled pumps, although they fall off when she is kidnapped, and she spends the rest of the cartoon shoeless.  Mickey is also seen wearing shoes for the first time, and as the years went by, animators would change Mickey Mouse.  In the first three Mickey Mouse shorts, he is a character meant to appeal to adult sensibilities; he smokes, drinks, and cavorts.  Soon after Walt and his animators revised their star (for the first, but not for the last time), after which Mickey Mouse became the "wholesome" character designed to appeal to children and to please the parent.

ReceptionsThe Film Daily (January 6, 1929) said: "This features Mickey Mouse, the demon hero who has his ups and downs trying to rescue his sweetie who has been kidnapped by the villain Cat. In this one he takes a regular Doug Fairbanks part as a hard riding gaucho of the South American pampas. It is good burlesquing all the way, and the cartoon work of Walt Disney is clever in the extreme. It has some neat comedy effects through the addition of sound, which make the film far more enjoyable and laughable than it could possibly be in silent form."Variety (January 9, 1929) said: "Good six minutes for the big programs because the animated drawings do some giggle getting stuff. This is Walt Disney penmanship, programmed as introducing a new cartoon character, 'Mickey Mouse', with Powers having synchronized via Cinephone. Sound effects won some laughs here on their own, but after it's all over the impression remains that any alert pit drummer can duplicate... Value in this one comes from the antics Disney makes his figures perform during a chase and a duel. Familiar enough as a plot, but some new wrinkles in body gymnastics and the fantastic means to gain numerous ends. Audience liked it and although enhanced by the effects the reel is strong enough to stand in the A houses plus just an organ or orchestra. If the musicians are smart enough to keep pace with it so much the better. An unusual cartoon in being good with or without sound."

Home media
The short was released on December 2, 2002 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White.

See also
Mickey Mouse (film series)

References

External links

 The Gallopin' Gaucho'' at The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts

1920s Disney animated short films
1928 films
1928 animated films
1928 comedy films
American black-and-white films
Mickey Mouse short films
Films directed by Ub Iwerks
Films produced by Walt Disney
Films scored by Carl Stalling
Animated films without speech
Films about gauchos
Films set in Argentina
1920s American films

The Gallopin' Gaucho


"Soul Destruction" is a song by British band T'Pau, released as the third single from their 1991 third studio album The Promise. The song was written by vocalist Carol Decker and rhythm guitarist Ron Rogers. It was produced by Andy Richards.

Background
The single was released as the follow-up single to "Walk on Air", which had entered the Top 75 in the UK. "Soul Destruction" continued the group's decline and failed to enter the UK Singles Chart, the first T'Pau single not to do so since their second 1987 single "Intimate Strangers". It would be the band's final UK single release before splitting up, although Decker would later revive the T'Pau name and release the 1998 album Red. The song peaked at No. 46 on the Music Week Playlist Chart in October 1991.

In the Risk Collective of 24 March 2009, Decker was interviewed, and she mentioned the song, stating "I really like some of our less well known tracks e.g. "Soul Destruction" and "Man and Woman" from "The Promise" album."

Release
The single was issued on 7" and 12" vinyl, as well as CD and cassette, via Siren Records, whilst it was marketed/distributed by Virgin Records. It was released in the UK only.

The single release was not the same as the album version from The Promise. Instead it was a remix (simply labelled "Soul Destruction (Remix)"). This remix, along with additional production, was handled by Phil Harding and Ian Curnow. Both men were part of the successful Pete Waterman Entertainment production team.

The 7" vinyl release featured the B-side "Dirty Town", which had previously appeared on the 12" vinyl and CD version of the previous single "Walk on Air". The song was written and produced by all members of T'Pau.

The 12" vinyl release was limited edition and was released as a "Special Edition Gatefold Sleeve with Exclusive T'Pau Tour Poster". This poster was a 30x20 inch "The Promise Tour 1991" glossy poster. The release featured an extended eight-minute version of the "Soul Destruction (Remix)" track, along with the album version of the song, and the B-side "Dirty Town".

For the CD release of "Soul Destruction", the design used for the release was a special foldout digipak poster sleeve. On the single, the normal version of the "Soul Destruction (Remix)" track was included alongside "Soul Destruction (Heavy Bliss Mix)", which was an exclusive instrumental remix, and "Whenever You Need Me (Requiem Remix)", which was another exclusive over six-minute remix of the leading hit single from The Promise album. "Dirty Town" was the fourth and final track on the release.

The cassette version came with a cardboard slip case, and featured the same tracks as on the 7" vinyl; "Soul Destruction (Remix)" and "Dirty Town".

All four releases featured the same artwork of an opening of colour amongst a black background. Although a photograph of the band was not displayed on the front cover, there was one of T'Pau on the backside. The limited edition 12" vinyl release used this photograph on the front cover instead. This photograph of the group was credited to Mike Owen.

Following the song's release on The Promise album and as a single, the song also appeared on the UK four-track album promo "Whenever You Need Me - Sampler" release, along with the three other singles from the album "Whenever You Need Me", "Walk on Air" and "Only a Heartbeat". It also appeared on the Japanese promotional only Virgin 10-track CD compilation This is... Nothin' But T'Pau, which was housed in a unique Carol Decker picture sleeve with extensive photo and info booklet.

Promotion
A music video was created to promote the single.

T'Pau also appeared on the UK Saturday morning children show Gimme 5 and mimed the song, along with "Whenever You Need Me".

On "The Promise" album tour, the song would often be part of the set-list and on YouTube, a live version of the band performing the song at Cardiff on 4 October 1991 exists. This version would open with a piano and vocal section not heard in the studio recording and would include introductions of the band members.

Track listing
7" Single
"Soul Destruction (Remix)" - 3:39
"Dirty Town" - 3:59

12" Single
"Soul Destruction (Remix)" - 8:02
"Soul Destruction (Album Version)" - 3:44
"Dirty Town" - 3:59

CD Single
"Soul Destruction (Remix)" - 3:39
"Soul Destruction (Heavy Bliss Mix)" - 3:52
"Whenever You Need Me (Requiem Remix)" - 6:22
"Dirty Town" - 3:59

Cassette Single
"Soul Destruction (Remix)" - 3:39
"Dirty Town" - 3:59

Critical reception
Alex Henderson of AllMusic spoke of the song in a review of The Promise album, where he stated "Indeed, commercial, radio-minded songs like "Made of Money," "Only a Heartbeat" and "Soul Destruction" begged the question: if American listeners could accept Roxette, why not T'Pau? The Promise isn't remarkable, but it isn't a bad listen either."

Personnel
 Carol Decker – lead vocals
 Dean Howard – lead guitar
 Ronnie Rogers – rhythm guitar
 Michael Chetwood – keyboards
 Paul Jackson – bass guitar
 Tim Burgess – drums

Additional personnel
 Producer of "Soul Destruction" – Andy Richards
 Mixing on "Soul Destruction (Album Version)" – Chris Lord-Alge
 Mastering on "Soul Destruction" – Bob Ludwig
 Remix, additional production on "Soul Destruction (Remix)" – Phil Harding, Ian Curnow
 Producer on "Dirty Town" – T'Pau
 Mixing on "Dirty Town" – Chris Lord-Alge
 Photography – Mike Owen
 Sleeve design – Mark Millington/The Graphic Edge

References

External links

1991 singles
T'Pau (band) songs
Songs written by Carol Decker
Songs written by Ron Rogers

Soul Destruction (song)


North Brabant (Dutch: 'Noord-Brabant') is a  province of the Netherlands. It is in the south of the country. It is bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west.  See Google maps. Its capital is 's-Hertogenbosch. The largest city is Eindhoven. About 2,574,000 people are living in North Brabant (2021).

Other websites

North Brabant


Eugenio Mendoza Goiticoa (Caracas, November 13, 1906, Caracas, October 17, 1979) was a Venezuelan business tycoon who made important contributions in the modernization of the country during the 20th Century.

Early life
He was the son of Eugenio Mendoza Cobeña (the grandson of Venezuela's first president, Cristóbal Mendoza) and Luisa Goiticoa (the great-granddaughter of Simón Bolívar's sister, Juana Bolívar). Despite his family's historical position he grew up in modest circumstances due to the monetary sacrifices made by his family during the war for Venezuelan independence and later the Venezuelan civil war.

Along with his brothers, Pedro, Carlos, and Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa, he was a descendant of Simón Bolívar's sister, Juana Bolívar (Simón Bolívar had no children).

Eugenio married Luisa Rodriguez Planas in 1938, and had four children with her: Eugenio Andres, Gertrudis, Luisa Elena and Eugenio Antonio. One son, Eugenio Andres, drowned as a youngster.

Business career
Eugenio Mendoza was the fourth son of seven children, he had four brothers and two sisters and was the only one who did not pursue a university education, choosing instead to go into business by starting his first company at the age of eighteen.  In partnership with Moises Miranda  he founded "Moisés Miranda & Cía" a firm to sell construction materials. By January 1932, he purchased Miranda's shares, becoming the sole owner of the company today known as "Materiales Mendoza" ". During the following years, he founded "Maquinarias Mendoza" a heavy equipment company.

He held negotiations with Vice President of the United States Henry A. Wallace, the U.S State Department and Nelson Rockefeller to commercialize construction materials in Venezuela. By that time, all construction supplies were destined to World War II.

By 1943, he had created "Venezolana de Cementos" which became the largest supplier of cement in the country. Vencemos had plants in Barquisimeto, Maracaibo, Pertigalete, Macuro and Catia La Mar. Also, in the following years he conformed "Protinal", dedicated to the production of animal feed which later became the pioneer in the development of poultry as a low cost substitute for protein; "Venezolana de Pinturas" and "Venezolana de Pulpa y Papel".

His business organization, "El Grupo Mendoza" became the largest industrial conglomerate in the 1970s encompassing everything from cement, construction, heavy machinery, paint, paper mills, animal feed, poultry, banking, and insurance to car manufacturing today known as General Motors of Venezuela.

Public service
At the age of 34, Eugenio Mendoza was appointed Minister of Industry Promotion  during Isaías Medina Angarita's presidency in Venezuela (1941-1945). Arturo Uslar Pietri and Lorenzo Mendoza Fleury were also part of Medina Angarita's cabinet; Uslar Pietri as Secretary of the Presidency and Mendoza Fleury as Philadelphia's Consul and later as Deputy Ambassador to the United Nations. These group promoted the industrialization in Venezuela, favoring the development of the country.

In 1958 was appointed as minister  of rear admiral Wolfgang Larrazabal's cabinet following the overthrow of Marcos Pérez Jiménez on 23 January 1958.

Philanthropy
He founded the "Fundación Mendoza" which led the philanthropic community of Venezuela for two decades primarily focusing on the founding of "Hospital Ortopedico Infantil" the largest children's hospital in Latin America and numerous schools.

In 1970, he founded the Universidad Metropolitana, a private university located in Caracas, which became the most important passion of his later years. It was the first Venezuelan university to offer careers in business management and finance. It remains one of the most prestigious private universities in Venezuela.

Today, their three children and grandchildren continue the business and philanthropic work of "El Grupo Mendoza" and "Fundación Mendoza".

References

External links
 Mendoza Foundation - Official Website
 PDF biblioteca ; accessed 20 May 2014

1906 births
1979 deaths
People from Caracas
20th-century Venezuelan businesspeople
Industry ministers of Venezuela

Eugenio Mendoza


Jesse Ray Drowley (September 9, 1919 – May 20, 1996) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Life and career
Drowley joined the Army from Spokane, Washington, and by January 30, 1944, was serving as a staff sergeant in the Americal Division 132nd Inf. 1st Batt. Comp. B . On that day, on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, he discovered an enemy bunker which was firing on attacking American troops. He ran across open terrain to reach a friendly tank, climbed on board, and personally led them towards the bunker. Although twice wounded while on the tank, he refused medical evacuation until the bunker was destroyed. For these actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later, by President  Franklin Roosevelt in the White House on September 6, 1944.

Drowley died at age 76 and was buried in Fairmount Memorial Park, Spokane, Washington.

Medal of Honor citation
Staff Sergeant Drowley's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy at Bougainville, Solomon Islands, 30 January 1944. S/Sgt. Drowley, a squad leader in a platoon whose mission during an attack was to remain under cover while holding the perimeter defense and acting as a reserve for assaulting echelon, saw 3 members of the assault company fall badly wounded. When intense hostile fire prevented aid from reaching the casualties, he fearlessly rushed forward to carry the wounded to cover. After rescuing 2 men, S/Sgt. Drowley discovered an enemy pillbox undetected by assaulting tanks that was inflicting heavy casualties upon the attacking force and was a chief obstacle to the success of the advance. Delegating the rescue of the third man to an assistant, he ran across open terrain to 1 of the tanks. Signaling to the crew, he climbed to the turret, exchanged his weapon for a submachine gun and voluntarily rode the deck of the tank directing it toward the pillbox by tracer fire. The tank, under constant heavy enemy fire, continued to within 20 feet of the pillbox where S/Sgt. Drowley received a severe bullet wound in the chest. Refusing to return for medical treatment, he remained on the tank and continued to direct its progress until the enemy box was definitely located by the crew. At this point he again was wounded by small arms fire, losing his left eye and falling to the ground. He remained alongside the tank until the pillbox had been completely demolished and another directly behind the first destroyed. S/Sgt. Drowley, his voluntary mission successfully accomplished, returned alone for medical treatment.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

External links

1919 births
1996 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military personnel from Spokane, Washington
United States Army non-commissioned officers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from St. Charles, Michigan
Burials in Washington (state)

Jesse R. Drowley


In Greek mythology, Agasthenes (Ancient Greek: Ἀγασθένης) was the son of Augeas, and his successor in the kingdom of Elis. The government was shared between Amphimachus, Thalpius and Agasthenes. With Peloris, he was the father of Polyxenus, one of the "suitors of Helen", who reunified the kingdom when he returned from Troy.

See also
 Asteroid 13185 Agasthenes, named after the Greek hero

Notes

References

Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer. Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Kings of Elis
Kings in Greek mythology
Family of Calyce

Elean characters in Greek mythology

Agasthenes


Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan  (25 August 1864 – 22 October 1952) was an administrator in British India.

He was born in the Punjab, the son of General Maclagan of the Royal Engineers and educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford. In 1883 he passed the Indian Civil Service Examination.

MacLagan wrote widely on Indian history and superintended the Punjab census of 1891. With Horace Arthur Rose, Superintendent of Ethnography in the Punjab in the early 20th century, he compiled a large work, A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, including material from Denzil Ibbetson's 1881 census.

In 1906 he was appointed Chief Secretary to the Government of the Punjab, in 1910 was appointed Secretary to the Revenue Department of the Indian Government and from 1915 to 1918 served as Secretary to the Education Department. He became Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab in 1919 and Governor from 1921 to 1924.

He was Chancellor of University of the Punjab from 1919 to 1924. In 1923, in his role as the Governor of the Punjab, he laid the foundation stone for the new main building of Mughalpura Technical College. This was renamed as Maclagan Engineering College and later became the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore and Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh. He was awarded Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) and Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI).

He returned to England in 1924 and occupied himself in writing The Jesuits and the Great Mogul. From 1925 to 1928 and from 1931 to 1934 he acted as President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Works
Monograph on the Gold and Silver Works of the Punjab (1890)
The Punjab and its feudatories; The report on the census (Census of India, 1891)  (1892)
Gazetteer of the Multan District (1902) editor
A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier (1991) with Denzil Ibbetson and H. A. Rose
The Jesuits and the Great Mogul (1932)

Notes

1864 births
1952 deaths
People from Punjab, India
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Vice-Chancellors of the University of the Punjab
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society
British people in colonial India

Edward Douglas MacLagan