Delaware is a city in and the county seat of Delaware County, Ohio, United States. It is located near the center of Ohio, about  north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.

History
While the city and county of Delaware are named for the Delaware tribe, the city of Delaware itself was founded on a Mingo village called Pluggy's Town. The first recorded settler was Joseph Barber in 1807. Shortly afterward, other men started settling in the area (according to the Delaware Historical Society); namely: Moses Byxbe, William Little, Solomon Smith, Elder Jacob Drake, Thomas Butler, and Ira Carpenter. In 1808, Moses Byxbe built the first framed house on William Street. Born in Delaware County in 1808, Charles Sweetser went on to become a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1849 to 1853. On March 11, 1808, a plan of the city was filed, marking the official founding of the town. Byxbe and the others planned the city to be originally on the east bank of the river, but it was switched to the west bank only a few days after the first plan was filed.

Even though Delaware was still a small community, in 1812, when the capital of Ohio was moved from Chillicothe, Delaware and Columbus were both in the running and Delaware lost by a single vote to Columbus. However, following the War of 1812, settlers began arriving in Delaware in greater numbers. Among some of the earliest settlers were the parents of Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th President of the United States. The Hayes home no longer stands, but a historical marker in front of a BP station marks the location. As of 2018, the Rutherford B. Hayes Comes Home committee is trying to raise $125,000 to get a statue of Hayes placed at the corners of William and Sandusky streets and a bust of Hayes to be placed at Rutherford B. Hayes High School. The statue would be a 125% scale depiction of the president, which would stand at about 10 feet with its pedestal. Committee Chairman Bill Rietz said that the committee would like to raise the money by October 4, 2019, Hayes' 197th birthday.

In the early days of the town, a sulfur spring was discovered northwest of Joseph Barber's cabin. By 1833, a hotel was built as a health spa near the spring. However, the Mansion House Hotel was a failure, and by 1841, citizens began raising funds to purchase the hotel property with the intent of giving it to the Ohio and North Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference of the Methodist Church for the purpose of a Methodist college. With that effort, Ohio Wesleyan University was founded in 1844.

Railroads came to the area in April, 1851 as Delaware served as a stop on the Cleveland Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad. Additional rail lines were added to serve Delaware providing access to major cities and markets throughout the country by the late 1890s. At the turn of the century, Delaware could boast of its own electric street railway system. In the early 1930s, electric inter-urban service was provided by the Columbus, Delaware and Marion system.

During the Civil War
During the Civil War, Delaware was the home to two Union training camps. The first on the west side of the Olentangy River for white recruits of the 96th and 121st Ohio Volunteer Infantry were mustered into service. The second, on the east side of the Olentangy River was for African-Americans joining the army in Ohio in the 127th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry - later renamed the 5th Regiment United States Colored Troops.

Geography
Delaware is located at  (40.298898, -83.072007).

The city is located approximately 24 miles north of Ohio's capital city, Columbus, due north along U.S. Route 23.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  are land and  is water.

The Olentangy River runs through the city.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 34,753 people, 13,253 households, and 8,579 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 14,192 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.6% White, 4.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 13,253 households, of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 33.2 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.5% were from 25 to 44; 21.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 25,243 people, 9,520 households, and 6,359 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 10,208 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.8% White, 3.8% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.84% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 9,520 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 14.5% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,030, and the median income for a family was $54,463. Males had a median income of $33,308 versus $23,668 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,633. About 6.8% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Notable places
Delaware is the location of Ohio Wesleyan University, one of the Five Colleges of Ohio, one of many liberal arts colleges in the United States. The city is famous for The Little Brown Jug, an internationally famous harness race which is part of the Triple Crown of harness racing for Pacers.

Other notable places include:
The Methodist Theological School in Ohio
Perkins Observatory, offers many educational lectures, lessons in stargazing, and a library complete with astronomical computer programs.
Delaware County Fair
Delaware Municipal Airport Annual Air Fair
The Delaware County District Library, website
The Strand Theatre, oldest movie theatre in Ohio and one of the top 10 oldest movie theatres in the United States.

Olentangy Indian Caverns
The Birthplace of Rutherford B. Hayes gas station.

Main streets include:
Sandusky Street, William St, and Central Ave, home to the downtown business district.
Winter Street, home of such cultural centers as the Andrews House, The Arts Castle, Boardman Arts Park, and Delaware County Library.

The life of the city
The Delaware downtown is the epicenter of the city. It boasts The Strand Theatre, the longest continually operating movie theater in Ohio, many restaurants, most with outdoor eating spaces. Quaint boutiques, antique shops, breweries, wineries, bookstores, yoga and dance studios are located amid floral shops, a record shop, cycling store, coffee shops, commercial banks, salons and spas. Downtown Delaware has a main branch library, city hall, municipal courthouse and the county tourism bureau.

Delaware has many businesses characteristic of American university towns: a historical cinema, coffee shops, organic food stores, and local restaurants. The Arts Castle, home to the Delaware County Cultural Arts Center, offers classes ranging from ballet to fiber arts. The Boardman Arts Park is the outdoor art exhibit and event space, and includes the Delaware Beer & Wine Festival.

Delaware residents support a popular farmer's market, professional theaters, the Ballet Met, the Central Ohio Symphony Orchestra, Columbus Symphony, Opera Columbus, Contemporary American Theater Company, the Columbus Museum of Art, the Delaware Community Chorus and many theater opportunities. The city also hosts one of the main flea markets in the area every Sunday from 5am to 1pm. It is held at the Delaware County fairgrounds starting on April 1 and running every weekend until the end of October.

Historic Northwest District
The Historic Northwest Neighborhood boasts more than 500 homes and carriage houses listed on the National Register of Historic Places, all recognized as worthy of preservation for local, state and national significance in American history and architecture. Each home, distinctively unique in character and style, takes you back in time and creates a deep appreciation for craftsmanship and history. From the earliest Federal style (c. 1826), to the modern Craftsman (c.1915) and the French Eclectic (c. 1930), the area includes Gothic Revival, Italianate, Second Empire, Folk Victorian, Stick, Queen Anne, Richardsonian Romanesque, Shingle, Prairie, Mission Tudor and Colonial Revival styles. Victorian mansions are just steps from the robust Downtown Historic District, where another 79 buildings are listed on the National Register.

Delaware's historic Northwest District, home to city founders and entrepreneurs in the 1800s, remains a time-tested, vibrant community and a great place to live. The Northwest Neighborhood incorporates the downtown business district and a portion of Ohio Wesleyan University.

Sports

The Little Brown Jug, an internationally famous harness race which is part of the Triple Crown of harness racing for Pacers, takes place annually at the Delaware City Fairgrounds during the Delaware County Fair. The race attracts tens of thousands of fans, holding the record for the largest crowd to see a harness race with 56,000 spectators.

The city also has Its own minor-league soccer club, Delaware Rising F.C. The men's team competes in the Northern Ohio Soccer League (NOSL) across the state of Ohio with the majority of players from around the Delaware County area. Their home field is just outside of Downtown Delaware at Buckeye Valley High School's stadium.

Delaware schools also feature numerous sports teams. These include Ohio Wesleyan University competing in the NCAA, Delaware Hayes High School competing in the OHSAA, and Delaware Christian High School competing in the OHSAA, as well as some of the local middle and elementary, public and private schools competing in various central Ohio leagues.

Ohio Wesleyan's Selby Field was once home to the Ohio Machine, men's professional lacrosse team from 2012-2015.

Media
The dominant local newspaper in Delaware is a morning daily, The Delaware Gazette, founded in 1818. The paper is owned by Ohio Community Media. Other local print publications include ThisWeek Delaware News, owned by the Columbus Dispatch and the Transcript, the student paper at Ohio Wesleyan University.

Economy

There is a true economic mix in the area. The economic mix of the county reveals a balance of the following main economic activities: Manufacturing (18%), Trade (27%), Government (15%), and Service (23%) according to statistics published by Delaware Area Chamber of Commerce in 2000. The largest employers are in automobile coatings, plastics, copper products, education, insurance, automobile parts and distribution, sports apparel, retail, services, and government. Delaware County is a net importer of workers from throughout Ohio.

Packaging company Greif, Inc. is headquartered in Delaware.

Transportation
U.S. Route 23, U.S. Route 36 and U.S. Route 42 pass through Delaware. Ohio Route 37 also passes east-west through Delaware.

The Delaware Municipal Airport, a public general aviation airport is at the southwest part of the city.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad operated passenger trains through separate stations in Delaware. The Pennsylvania Railroad ended its Columbus-Sandusky passenger trains by the early 1930s. The New York Central's Night Special (Cincinnati-Columbus-Cleveland) operated through its passenger station until 1965. The Chesapeake and Ohio's final train, a Detroit-Ashland, Kentucky train segment that met in Ashland with the main part of the George Washington, ran until April 30, 1971, on the eve of Amtrak.

Law and government

The City of Delaware operates under a council–manager form of government. Council, as the legislative body, represents the entire community and is empowered by the city charter to formulate policy. City council has seven members: three elected at-large by all city residents, and four representing the four city wards and elected only by those ward residents. All council members serve four-year terms. The mayor and vice mayor are selected by council from among the at-large members and serve two-year terms.  Council members are part-time civil servants who do not maintain offices at City Hall but, rather, serve their constituency through personal contact.

The city manager handles the day-to-day administration of the city and is appointed by the city council. The current city manager is R. Thomas Homan.

Current city council members
Carolyn Kay Riggle, mayor
Kent Shafer, vice-mayor
Catlin Frazier, at large
Stephen Tackett, First Ward
Lisa Keller, Second Ward
Cory Hoffman, Third Ward
Drew Farrell, Fourth Ward

Mayors
1954 to 1956: Paul Bale White
1956 to 1957: Edward Flahive
1958 to 1959: Paul B. White
1959 to 1961: Henry Wolf
1961 to 1963: Paul B. White
1963 to 1965: Donald Mathews
1965 to 1969: Robert Ray Newhouse
1969 to 1971: Gilford E. Easterday
1971 to 1973: John Jeisel III
1973 to 1977: Gilford E. Easterday
1978 to 1981: Donald Wuertz
1982 to 1983: Donald Worly
1984 to 1985: Michael Shade
1986 to 1989: Donald Wuertz
1990 to 1993: Michael Shade
1994 to 1995: Dennis Davis
1996 to 1999: Juliann Secrest
2000 to 2002: Tommy W. Thompson
2002 to 2009: Windell Wheeler
2009 to 2014: Gary Milner
2014 to present: Carolyn Kay Riggle

Schools

Ohio Wesleyan University

Ohio Wesleyan is a private independent liberal arts college located in the heart of Delaware. Ohio Wesleyan University enrolls approximately 1,950 students from 40 states and more than 50 countries. The level of academic excellence has placed Wesleyan among the 80 top liberal arts colleges in the annual rankings published by the U.S. News & World Report. According to the same magazine, the university was recognized as one of the Best College Values among the top 40 in the United States. Students live in residence halls and benefit from a large campus providing academics, athletics and services. There is a traditionally positive town-government relationship, with Wesleyan student volunteers in the Delaware community and coordination of institutional and cultural interests with the city. Due to high enrollment of minority and international students at the university, it has influenced the international, ethnic and religious diversity of Delaware.

The Methodist Theological School in Ohio
The Methodist Theological School in Ohio is a graduate school seminary located between Delaware and Columbus, Ohio. Often referred to as Methesco.

Delaware Joint Vocational School District
Delaware Area Career Center

Delaware City School District
The Delaware City School District, which encompasses Delaware and the surrounding area, enrolls about 5,700 PreK-12 students. Frank B. Willis Education Center (formerly the Intermediate School and High School) is home to the administrative offices of the district.

High schools
 Rutherford B. Hayes High School (Delaware, Ohio)

Middle school
 John C. Dempsey Middle School

Elementary schools
 Ervin Carlisle Elementary
 James A. Conger Elementary
 Robert F. Schultz Elementary
 David Smith Elementary
 Laura Woodward Elementary

Private schools
K-8
 St. Mary School
K-12
 Delaware Christian School

Sister cities
A sister city partnership was signed May 13, 2011, by the Cities of Delaware and Baumholder, Germany, highlighting a four-day stay in Delaware by a Baumholder delegation, in which the guests established relationships with local government, business and educational leaders. The four-person delegation was led by Baumholder Mayor Peter Lang, who was joined by Deputy Mayors Michael Röhrig and Christian Flohr; and Council Member Ingrid Schwerdtner. Mayor Lang and Delaware Mayor Gary Milner, with their respective elected delegations looking on, signed a joint resolution, "holding the firm belief that this agreement will contribute toward the peace and prosperity of the world, and do hereby pledge to cooperate with each other as twin/sister cities." The two cities have had a relationship since the early 1990s as the Ohio Wesleyan University men's soccer team travels to Baumholder for a series of summer friendly games.

A sister city partnership was signed April 19, 2017, by the Cities of Delaware and Sakata, Japan. Delaware delegation members Mayor Carolyn Kay Riggle, City Manager Tom Homan, Hayes High School Math Teacher Joanne Meyer, Jeffery Sprague of Next Transport, and Ohio Wesleyan University Provost Chuck Stinemetz visited Sakata where Mayor Riggle and Sakata Mayor Itaru Maruyama signed a Sister City Agreement. Delaware and Sakata have had close relations for years before this agreement, exemplified by Dempsey Middle School's Sakata exchange program where Sakata students come to live with Delaware host families once a year. This has gone on for the past 21 years, as of the 2018–2019 school year.

Notable people

Horace Newton Allen, U.S. diplomat
Alexander Borteh, professional poker player
Tyler Christopher, actor on General Hospital
Cody Coughlin, NASCAR driver
Cliff Curtis, baseball player
Amos Dolbear, American physicist and inventor
Francis Thomas Evans, Sr., pioneer aviator
Charles W. Fairbanks, the 26th Vice President of the United States
Arthur Flemming, former United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
Lloyd Gardner, diplomatic historian
Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady
Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th President of the United States (1877–1881)
Todd M. Hughes, Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Clare Kramer, Actress known for playing Glory, the Big Bad of season 5 of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Vincente Minnelli, motion picture director
Frank L. Packard, Columbus architect
Branch Rickey, Major League Baseball executive
Buck Rodgers, professional baseball player
Frank Sherwood Rowland, a chemistry Nobel laureate
Ezra Vogel, professor
F.F. Schnitzer, architect of many structures of the National Register of Historic Places. Designed and constructed Delaware City Hall.

References

External links

Official site of the City of Delaware.
Codified Ordinances of The City of Delaware Ohio (Note: To expand the page's Contents, click on the yellow-folder icon.)
Delaware County Memory - Digital archive of historical documents and artifacts from Delaware County

Cities in Ohio
Cities in Delaware County, Ohio
Ohio Wesleyan University
Populated places established in 1808
1808 establishments in Ohio
County seats in Ohio

Delaware, Ohio


This is a list of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.  It is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones.

Endemic Bird Areas
BirdLife International has defined the following as Endemic Bird Areas:

 The Andaman Islands
 The Nicobar Islands

List of species
The following is a list of species endemic to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India:

Species endemic to the Andaman islands
Andaman serpent-eagle, Spilornis elgini
Andaman crake, Rallina canningi
Brown coucal, Centropus andamanensis
Andaman scops owl, Otus balli
Hume's boobook, Ninox obscura
Andaman barn-owl, Tyto deroepstorffi
Andaman nightjar, Caprimulgus andamanicus
Narcondam hornbill, Rhyticeros narcondami
Andaman woodpecker, Dryocopus hodgei
Andaman drongo, Dicrurus andamanensis
Andaman treepie, Dendrocitta bayleyii
Andaman shama, Copsychus albiventris
Andaman bulbul, Pycnonotus  fuscoflavescens
Andaman cuckooshrike, Coracina dobsoni
Andaman flowerpecker, Dicaeum virescens

Species endemic to the Nicobar islands

Nicobar imperial-pigeon, Ducula nicobarica
South Nicobar serpent eagle, Spilornis klossi
Nicobar sparrowhawk, Accipiter butleri
Nicobar parakeet, Psittacula caniceps
Nicobar bulbul, Ixos nicobariensis
Nicobar jungle flycatcher, Cyornis nicobaricus
Nicobar scops-owl, Otus alius
Nicobar megapode, Megapodius nicobariensis (possibly extirpated over Andaman range)

Species endemic to the two island groups

Andaman woodpigeon, Columba palumboides
Andaman green pigeon, Treron chloropterus
Andaman cuckoo-dove, Macropygia rufipennis
Andaman boobook, Ninox affinis
White-headed starling, Sturnia erythropygia

See also
 Wildlife of India
 Flora of India
 Fauna of India
 List of trees of the Andaman Islands

Andaman
Andaman
birds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
'

List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands


The Askin–Cutler ministry (1973–1975) or Sixth Askin ministry was the 67th ministry of the government of New South Wales, and was led by the 32nd Premier, Sir Robert Askin, of the Liberal Party in coalition with the Country Party, led by Sir Charles Cutler. It was the sixth and final occasion when Askin was Premier; and when Cutler served as Deputy Premier to Askin.

Background
Askin was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1950 and served continuously until 1975, representing variously the seats of Collaroy and Pittwater. Rising through the Liberal Party ranks, Askin served as Deputy Leader from 1954 until he was elected Leader of the NSW Liberal Party and Leader of the NSW Opposition, following the defeat of the Morton/Hughes–led coalition by Cahill's Labor at the 1959 election. Cutler was elected to the NSW Legislative Assembly in 1947 and served continuously until 1975, representing the seat of Orange. Elected Deputy Leader of the Country Party in 1958 and, like Askin, Cutler was elected as leader of his party following the 1959 state election, replacing Davis Hughes. The Askin–Cutler led Liberal/Country coalition was defeated at the 1962 election by Labor's Bob Heffron. In April 1964 Jack Renshaw replaced Heffron as Leader of the Labor Party and became Premier. Twelve months later, Renshaw called an election held on 13 May 1965; however after 24 years of consecutive Labor governments, Askin and Cutler led the coalition to government at the 1965 state election.

The first Askin–Cutler ministry was commissioned from 1965 until the 1968 state election; when the coalition again won office. The second Askin–Cutler ministry was commissioned from the 1968 election until 11 February 1969, when the ministry was reconfigured. The third Askin–Cutler ministry was commissioned from the 1969 reconfiguration until the 1971 state election. The fourth Askin–Cutler ministry was commissioned from the 1971 election until 17 January 1973, when the ministry was reconfigured. The fifth Askin–Cutler ministry was commissioned from the 1973 reconfiguration until the 1973 state election.  There were two vacancies in the ministry as a result of the resignation of Jack Beale, and the failure of Harry Jago to nominate for his seat before the closure of nominations.

The composition of the ministry was announced by Premier Askin on 3 December 1973, and covers the period until 3 January 1975, when Askin resigned as Premier and as Member for Pittwater. Tom Lewis succeeded Askin as Leader of the Liberal Party and Premier.

Ministers are members of the Legislative Assembly unless otherwise noted.

See also

Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1973–1976
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1973–1976

Notes

References

New South Wales ministries
1973 establishments in Australia
1975 disestablishments in Australia

Askin–Cutler ministry (1973–1975)


Locke-Ober (–2012) was the fourth-oldest restaurant in Boston, Massachusetts, after the Union Oyster House (1826), Durgin-Park (1827), and the Jacob Wirth Restaurant (1868). Locke-Ober featured French cuisine and seafood.

History
The Greek Revival building was constructed in 1832. By 1862, the Boston City Directory listed Adrien Destre as operating a restaurant at 2 Winter Place. By 1868, F.A. Blanc was listed as running the restaurant. By 1879, Boston city records listed Luis Ober as the proprietor of a restaurant at 2 Winter Place of "over twenty years' standing".  From the start, the restaurant specialized in French food and was central to the financial, political, and intellectual history of Boston.

Louis Ober was born in 1837 in the French department of Alsace. At age fourteen Ober moved to New York, working as a barber, book seller and importing and exporting goods between the United States and France. Ober lived and worked in New Jersey, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia, before settling in Boston. Ober was employed at the restaurant then owned and operated by Blanc. While in Blanc's employ, Ober became familiar with French food, fine wine and furnishings. By 1875, Ober had acquired ownership and applied to the city for expansion of the restaurant to 3-4 Winter Place. Financing was provided by Eben Jordan, a co-founder of the Jordan Marsh Company. The restaurant reopened as Ober's Restaurant Parisien.

Over the next 20 years the restaurant was expanded and became furnished with increasingly luxurious imported materials typical of the Gilded Age, including Honduran mahogany, French furniture, Italian and French sculpture and paintings, English silver and Bohemian crystal lighting. Until 1970 the restaurant was open to males only.

By the late twentieth century, Locke-Ober - though still possessing most of its original grand trappings - had lost much of its popularity. Boston restaurateur Lydia Shire, with investor Paul Licari, leased the space in 2001 and began a painstaking restoration of the main and private dining rooms on the third floor, adding two more contemporary rooms.  Jacky Robert was executive chef until 2003.  Nonetheless, the restaurant closed in 2012, with reports that the owners planned to sell the building.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The location is now occupied by Yvonne's.

The restaurant was the setting of the opening scene in Robert B. Parker's 1980 Spenser novel Looking for Rachel Wallace. It was also the setting of the denouement of Death in a Tenured Position (also published as A Death in the Faculty) by Amanda Cross published in 1981. The detective, Kate Fansler, is taken there by the lawyer, John Cunningham, at which she presents to him her solution to the mystery. Cunningham claims Fansler only likes the restaurant because it used not to admit women; she denies this, saying she is attracted by the creamed spinach and the waiters who tended to be 'deaf and placating'. It was also the restaurant that Professor Lambeau took Robin Williams' character, Sean, to in an attempt to convince him to work with the main protagonist in Good Will Hunting. The fictional character I.M. Fletcher has lunch at Locke-Ober with newspaper editor Jack Saunders in the 1976 novel Confess, Fletch by Gregory McDonald.

See also
 List of French restaurants
 National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts

References

 Forbes, Esther, and Arthur Griffin. The Boston Book. Houghton Mifflin Company: 1947.
 Morrisey, Louise Lane, and Marion Lane Sweeney. An Odd Volume of Cookery. Houghton Mifflin Company: 1949.

External links

Defunct restaurants in Boston
Restaurants on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Financial District, Boston
Restaurants established in 1875
1875 establishments in Massachusetts
2012 disestablishments in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Boston
Restaurants on the National Register of Historic Places
Defunct French restaurants in the United States
French restaurants in Massachusetts

Locke-Ober


Mortadella di Bologna is an Italian kind of sausage. It is made of ground pork meat. Salt, pepper, sugar as well as small cubes of pork fat are added. It is then made into big sausages. It is then cooked in special ovens at 90°C (194° Fahrenheit). Some kinds of Mortadella have other spices in them.

As a Protected Geographical Status food, Mortadella di Bologna must come from the Bologna province.

Outside Italy
Mortadella is also produced and consumed in other countries. It is very popular in Spain, and Portugal.

Many Italians emigrated to South America in  the early 20th cenury. For this reason, Mortadella is also very popular in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay and Venezuela. In these countries it is spelled ''mortadela'', and its recipe is quite similar to the traditional Italian, with additional pepper grains.

Sausage
Italian food
Chilean food

Mortadella di Bologna


Derek Kevin Loville (born July 4, 1968) is a former American football running back who played nine years in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks, San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos from 1990 to 1999. He played for Archbishop Riordan High School. Never drafted by an NFL team, Loville played collegiately at the University of Oregon and was able to find a spot on the Seahawks' roster for the first two years of his career from 1990 to 1991. Used sparingly as a back-up during his NFL playing days, Loville did manage to become a starter for a brief stint and had his best year as a pro during the 1995 season for his hometown 49ers, leading the team in rushing with 723 yards and 10 touchdowns. He also caught 87 receptions for 662 yards that year. Loville won a Super Bowl Championship in 1994 with the 49ers. He won two more Super Bowls with the Denver Broncos in 1997 and 1998.

On January 28, 2016, Loville was indicted as part of an international drug trafficking, sports gambling and money laundering ring that included making threats to debtors such as showing them beheading videos.

References

1968 births
Living people
American football running backs
Denver Broncos players
Oregon Ducks football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Seattle Seahawks players
Archbishop Riordan High School alumni
Players of American football from San Francisco

Derek Loville


KFI (640 AM) is a radio station in Los Angeles, California, owned and operated by iHeartMedia, Inc. It began operations in 1922 and became one of the first high-powered, clear-channel Class A stations. It was the first U.S. station west of Chicago to broadcast at 50,000 watts.

Studios and offices are in Burbank, between the Warner Bros. Studios and The Burbank Studios.  The transmitter site is in La Mirada near the Artesia Boulevard exit of Interstate 5, the Santa Ana Freeway. By day, its signal can be heard throughout Southern California, with city-grade coverage as far as San Diego, Santa Barbara and Tijuana, and secondary coverage as far as Bakersfield and northwestern Mexico, and at times can be heard some distance into Nevada and Arizona. At night, it can be heard across much of the western half of North America.

KFI and KNX (AM 1070 and 97.1 FM) serve as the primary entry points for the Southern California Emergency Alert System, which are responsible for activation of the EAS when hazardous weather alerts, disaster area declarations, and child abductions are issued.

KFI is licensed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD (hybrid) format; however, it was reported that KFI turned off its HD signal as of August 12, 2015. Like other stations owned by iHeartMedia, KFI uses iHeartRadio to stream its webcast.

Programming
KFI is one of two iHeartMedia stations in Los Angeles that carry a talk radio format. KFI features mostly local hosts while KEIB 1150 AM has a schedule of nationally syndicated talk shows.  Morning drive time on KFI has been hosted by Bill Handel since 1993.  He's followed by Gary Hoffmann and Shannon Farren in middays, John and Ken in early afternoons, Tim Conway, Jr. (son of comedian Tim Conway) in late afternoons and Mo' Kelly in the evening.  One syndicated show is heard overnight, Coast to Coast AM with George Noory.  Two Los Angeles TV stations do live segments with cameras in KFI's studios: KTTV (Bill Handel) and KTLA (John and Ken).

Weekends feature specialty shows, some of which are nationally syndicated from KFI:  Handel on the Law with Bill Handel, Rich DeMuro on Tech and The Jesus Christ Show with Neil Saavedra.  Other weekend shows focus on money, psychology, food, home repair and unsolved crimes. KFI has news and traffic updates every 15 minutes and is an affiliate of ABC News Radio.

History

Earle C. Anthony
Effective December 1, 1921, the U.S. government adopted regulations formally defining "broadcasting stations". The wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz) was designated for entertainment broadcasts, while 485 meters (619 kHz) was reserved for broadcasting official weather and other government reports.

KFI was first licensed on March 31, 1922.  It was owned by Earle C. Anthony, Inc.  It operated on the 360-meter entertainment wavelength. The KFI call letters were randomly assigned from a roster of available call signs.

The station made its debut broadcast on .  It featured vaudeville performers Eugene and Willie Howard. Earle Anthony had trained as an electrical engineer and in 1903, founded the California Pelican, UC Berkeleys first humor magazine. He was best known as the owner of a Packard automobile dealership.

KFI was originally located at Anthony's home, using a 50-watt transmitter Anthony had personally constructed on a kitchen table.

Shared time
1922 saw a rapid expansion in the number of broadcasting stations, most sharing the single entertainment wavelength of 360 meters, which required progressively more complicated time sharing schedules among stations in the same region. In mid-May 1922, KFI was assigned 1:45 to 2:30 and 4:30 to 5:00 p.m. weekdays. An August 1922 schedule reported that KFI was conducting broadcasts, in conjunction with the Los Angeles Examiner, on both the 360-meter "entertainment" wavelength (daily from 1:45-2:15 p.m, with additional hours of Tuesday, 9 to 10 p.m; Wednesday, 6 to 7 p.m; Friday 9 to 10 p.m.; Saturday, 6 to 7 p.m., and Sunday 10:45 to 11:30 a.m. plus 4 to 5 p.m.), and on 510 meters (588 kHz) on Sunday from 7 to 9 p.m. A regional schedule adopted November 1, 1922, listed KFI's slots as 1:00 to 1:30 p.m. Monday through Saturday, 2:00 to 3:00 p.m Tuesday and Saturday, 10:30 to 11:30 a.m. and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Sunday, and 9:20 to 10:00 p.m daily.

Anthony moved quickly to expand operations. The station's studios and transmitter were moved to the top of the Packard dealership building, formerly located at Tenth and Hope Streets in Los Angeles, with a rooftop "T" antenna mounted between two short towers. This installation reportedly cost $30,000, and included a 500-watt Western Electric transmitter, the most powerful commercially available transmitter at this time. This new facility went into operation on January 27, 1923. In September 1922 the Department of Commerce set aside a second entertainment wavelength, 400 meters (750 kHz) for "Class B" stations that had quality equipment and programming, and KFI was assigned to this more exclusive wavelength, joining KHJ on a timesharing basis. In May 1923 additional "Class B" frequencies were made available, with Los Angeles allocated 640 and 760 kHz, and KFI was reassigned to 640 kHz, with KHJ moving to 760 kHz.

From 1922 to 1926, early programming consisted of such things as reading news from a newspaper and local gossip. Broadcasting hours were very short, since Anthony was involved in many other activities, and programming sources were limited. However, Anthony stressed the need for quality programming that would be in keeping with his status as the seller of luxury automobiles.

Expanded programming and higher power

In November 1926, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) was incorporated. When NBC's network facilities were extended to the west coast of the United States, KFI immediately became one of its affiliates. In joining this network, KFI had the advantage of NBC's vast entertainment and news resources. One of the first NBC programs to originate on the West Coast, and KFI, was the broadcast of the 1927 Rose Bowl Game from Pasadena, California, with announcer Graham McNamee.

On November 11, 1928, the Federal Radio Commission's (FRC) General Order 40 divided transmitting frequencies into "clear", "regional" and "local" classifications. 640 kHz was now classified as a "clear channel", and KFI remained on this frequency, now  designated as its dominant station. KFI was allowed to operate with a non-directional antenna at the highest allowable power of 50,000 watts, while other stations on the frequency were required to protect KFI's signal from interference.

NBC operated two radio networks, the Red Network and the Blue Network. The Red Network carried sponsored commercial programs, while the Blue Network carried the sustaining ones where the network sold individual commercials within the shows. In 1931, NBC reorganized its West Coast operations, creating regional Orange and Blue networks that replaced its previous Pacific Coast network. KFI was part of the Orange group, along with KGO in Oakland, KGW in Portland, KOMO in Seattle, and KHQ in Spokane.

50,000 watts
In July 1931, KFI increased its transmitter power from 5,000 to 50,000 watts, becoming the first U.S. station west of Chicago to broadcast with that power.Broadcasting Yearbook 1935 page 22.  Retrieved Sep 15, 2023.  A special 4-hour program was aired, featuring congratulatory speeches by NBC West Coast vice president and others, joined by entertainers from New York and Chicago on a coast-to-coast live hookup. Variety reported that Los Angeles mayor John Clinton Porter was comically effusive in his praise.

NBC's, and KFI's, programming expanded in 1930s and 1940s. The NBC radio network was owned by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which also owned the Keith–Albee–Orpheum vaudeville circuit, later renamed Radio–Keith–Orpheum (RKO). RKO handled many vaudeville comedians and singers, including Jack Benny, Burns and Allen, Fred Allen, Eddie Cantor, and Rudy Vallee, whose programs were highly rated. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, many people could not afford movie tickets, but they could purchase a radio where they could listen to commercially sponsored entertainment for free. During its early days, KFI carried such sporting events as the World Series and the Rose Bowl. Although KFI's call letters were randomly assigned, many people assumed that the "FI" stood for "Farmers Information". Every winter evening from 1924 to 1956, KFI delivered a frost report at 8 p.m. telling citrus farmers whether to turn on wind machines or light "smudge pots" to keep their orange and lemon groves from freezing. The frost warnings moved to 7 p.m. until the late 1970s when they were removed from the schedule.

From 1929 to 1944, Earle Anthony also owned KECA, now KABC.  KFI was an affiliate of the NBC Red Network, while KECA carried programming from the Blue Network. However, in August 1941 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a "duopoly" rule, which restricted licensees from operating more than one radio station in a given market. Therefore, Anthony sold KECA in 1944 to the Blue Network for $800,000. (In 1942, under the provisions of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, NBC had been required to divest itself of its Blue Network, which later became the Blue Network Incorporated, and subsequently the American Broadcasting Company.)

World War II
During World War II, KFI was a prime source for war news in the Los Angeles area. It was feared that an attack on the west coast of the United States was possible, and people were warned to turn off lights and drape black cloths over windows, so that enemy bombers would not see identifying landmarks. Periodically, KFI and the other Los Angeles radio stations signed off so that any hostile aircraft could not use their signals as a guide for bombing attacks, which had been the case in the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

On November 29, 1944, KFI officials broke ground on Mount Wilson for construction of a new FM and TV facility. The ceremony was broadcast from noon to 12:15 p.m. over KFI. KFI-FM began broadcasting with its first test program on 105.9 MHz in July 1946, although other sources say the station went on the air in 1947. KFI-FM only lasted until 1951, when Earle C. Anthony decided to end operations and returned the station license to the FCC for cancellation. That same year KFI-TV was sold to the General Tire and Rubber Company. This station is now KCAL-TV.

Full service radio format

In the 1950s, sponsors began a gradual migration from radio to television, reducing radio advertising revenue, and less money became available for  quality radio network entertainment programming. NBC and the other radio networks began dropping large-budget entertainment shows in favor of news and information programming. "NBC News on the Hour" and "Emphasis" became the network staples as entertainment programs were slowly phased out.

NBC radio affiliates like KFI had to decide whether to reduce or eliminate their network connections in order to maintain profits. KFI began using disc jockeys playing phonograph records.  KFI programming transitioned during this period from block programming, often featuring 15-minute shows, to a full service middle of the road format. Popular disk jockeys played records and chatted about local events, interspersed with aggressive local news and sports coverage. The station also carried "Monitor," the NBC network's successful weekend radio service.

In the 1980s, as FM replaced AM radio as the primary source for contemporary music, KFI became a news and information outlet.

KFI was the flagship station for the Los Angeles Chargers professional football team during its inaugural year in the American Football League in 1960, when the team was based in Los Angeles, before spending the next five decades in San Diego. From 1960 to 1973, the station was the radio flagship station of the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team.  KFI aired all the games as well as feeding the play-by-play broadcasts to other stations in the Southwest.

KFI's founder, Earle C. Anthony, died on August 6, 1961.  In April 1972, KFI celebrated its 50th birthday. Festivities included a 12-hour special, featuring interviews and commentaries from many former NBC Radio personalities.

Cox Broadcasting ownership
In 1973, Cox Broadcasting, headquartered in Atlanta, purchased KFI for $15 million, which at the time was the highest amount paid for a radio station. James Wesley, Cox's general manager at WIOD in Miami, and that station's operations manager, Elliott "Biggie" Nevins, were dispatched to Los Angeles to manage KFI.

Cox instructed Wesley to find an FM station in the Los Angeles market to buy, and a deal was reached with Dallas broadcaster Gordon McLendon to purchase KOST (103.5 FM) for $2.2 million. Wesley also decided against renewing the long term agreement for carrying Dodger baseball, allowing KABC to become the new Dodger radio station in Los Angeles.

Top 40 format
Starting in the mid-1970s, KFI switched to top 40 music. Cox Broadcasting hired John Rook as program director. Rook was considered the force behind the success of WLS in Chicago. One of his first hires was Dave Sebastian (Williams), formerly of KHJ, as music director and air personality. Rook's first air staff included "The Lohman and Barkley Show" with Al Lohman and Roger Barkley (top-rated in the morning), Mark Taylor (midday), Bob Shannon (afternoon drive time) and music director Dave Sebastian (evenings).  Within the first year Dave left abruptly for crosstown Top 40 competitor KTNQ (1020 AM; Ten-Q). John Rook then moved in Eric Chase (midday), Charlie Fox (early evening) and Dave Diamond (late night). KFI shot to #1 in the ratings, at some points being the most listened-to Top 40 station in the nation at 50,000 watts.

By the late 1970s the staff was revised to Lohman & Barkley mornings, Tim & Ev Kelly in middays, Jack Armstrong afternoons, Big Ron O'Brien evenings and Charlie Fox at night.

Personality radio format

Rook and several of the on air personalities left in the early 1980s.  At that point, KFI began softening its playlist to adult top 40 (in between top 40 and adult contemporary). By the mid-1980s the station was more news and personality driven than music intensive with a full service format.

In the 1970s and '80s, the station featured a hybrid format combining adult contemporary music with comedian hosts. In addition to Lohman and Barkley, other hosts included Hudson & Landry, Charlie and Mitzi (Charlie Brill and Mitzi McCall of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In), and Gary Owens. In the early-1980s, KFI began broadcasting in AM stereo, with the C-QUAM system.  The stereo broadcasts ended in January 2000.

Transition to talk format
By the mid-1980s ratings began to slip, as music listening switched to the FM band.  In the spring of 1984, KFI was ranked 28th in the Los Angeles Arbitron ratings, ahead of only KHJ among the market's AM music stations. KFI moved the music to more of a soft gold-based AC and began to play less of it. The talk shows moved from a blend of entertainment, comedy, and lifestyle to more political issues.

Writer/Producer John Thomas was assigned to Lohman & Barkley in 1984 and helped raise their ratings for the morning show to a tie for #1 in the 25-54 demographic in Fall 1985. Shortly after Thomas left KFI for WLS in Chicago the morning show fell apart.  Barkley split off from the morning show to go to KABC.

The music was dropped in 1988 as KFI evolved to an issues-oriented talk format. The first hosts were psychologist Dr. Toni Grant, TV game show host Geoff Edwards and Tom Leykis hosted a politically oriented "combat radio" program.
Competitor KABC, which had been doing talk radio for some time, sued KFI in U.S. District Court to have KFI cease and desist using the term "Talk Radio" with the call letters. Therefore, the slogan More Stimulating Talk Radio was created.  Rush Limbaugh's nationally syndicated conservative talk show replaced Edwards in 1989 after Edwards refused to play promotional spots for the controversial Leykis show.

iHeartMedia ownership
In 1999, Chancellor Media traded 13 stations to Cox to acquire KFI and KOST. Cox opted to exit the Los Angeles market and focus on medium radio markets and its TV stations.

Chancellor merged with Capstar in 1999 and became known as AMFM Inc. In 2000, AMFM merged with Clear Channel Communications making KFI Clear Channel's top AM radio station in Los Angeles. In 2014, Clear Channel changed its corporate name to iHeartMedia to identify its radio stations with its iHeartRadio internet streaming platform. The station license continued to be held by a subsidiary of Capstar.

On the day of the 9/11 attacks, Bill Handel remained on air for seven consecutive hours. Handel hosted his morning show from 5-9 am, then continuted hosting from 9-noon as an emergency fill-in on the syndicated Rush Limbaugh show. Limbaugh was scheduled to be off that day, but his planned fill-in host could not broadcast from New York due to communication problems in the city. Handel's broadcast was also carried on the other Clear Channel stations in Los Angeles.

In summer 2004, KFI became the most listened to talk radio station in the United States, beating New York City's WABC in cumulative audience during the rating period. That year KFI was named the Radio & Records "News & Talk Radio Station of the Year".

The syndicated Rush Limbaugh Show was heard on KFI from July 4, 1988, to January 20, 2014, when it moved to sister station KEIB.

On August 10, 2015, KFI began a simulcast on KOST's HD 2 signal.

KFI served as the flagship station of the Los Angeles Chargers, carrying all of the team's game day broadcasts from the team's return to the Los Angeles market in 2017 until 2020, when games were moved to co-owned 98.7 KYSR.

Federal Election Commission complaint
In recent years, especially since the 2003 recall of the Governor of California, afternoon drive hosts John and Ken have become actively involved in several political causes, most notably that of illegal immigration. In the months leading up to the 2004 election, the hosts instigated several political rallies advocating the defeat of Congressmen David Dreier (a Republican) and Joe Baca (a Democrat), both of whom they felt were wrongly supportive of illegal immigration.

As a result, the John and Ken Show was the subject of a Federal Election Commission complaint filed by the Republican National Committee, alleging that John and Ken engaged in an illegal campaign against Congressman Dreier. The "Political Human Sacrifice" campaign, as they dubbed it, was not successful, since both Dreier and Baca were re-elected, albeit Dreier by a substantially smaller percentage than in past terms. On March 16, 2006, the complaint was dismissed.

Transmitter site

The main transmitter was eventually relocated from Anthony's Packard dealership to its present location in La Mirada, California, where a "T" antenna was erected between two medium height towers, and the studios of the KFI and its sister station, KECA, were moved to 611 South Ardmore Avenue. The 611 South Ardmore Avenue building is now gone, replaced by a parking lot. (The Packard dealership site was retained as an emergency transmitter for many years, but powered by a 5,000 watt transmitter.)

In 1948, the "T" antenna was replaced by a  vertical tower and a  emergency vertical tower, as long before vertical antennas had been determined to be superior to "T" antennas for high-powered stations, although 195 degrees (which would be  on 640 kHz) would have been optimum. Competitor KNX employs just such a 195 degree tower, as do many other U.S. Class A non-directional stations, and even some Class B non-directional stations. KFI was relatively late to convert from a horizontal to a vertical antenna: same-market Class A KNX converted to a vertical in 1938, and same-state Class As KGO and KPO (now KNBR) converted to verticals in 1941 and 1949, respectively.

There is an unpatched bullet hole in the ceiling of the transmitter building, where a National Guardsman accidentally discharged a rifle during World War II on December 10, 1941. The bullet hole has been preserved as a monument to KFI's wartime service.

2004 tower collapse
On Sunday, December 19, 2004, at 9:45 a.m., Jim and Mary Ghosoph were killed when their rented Cessna 182P single engine airplane, traveling from the El Monte Airport to Fullerton Municipal Airport, struck KFI's transmission tower. The solid steel truss, originally built in 1948, collapsed upon itself, mostly landing in a parking lot to the north of the site. KFI's signal was knocked off the air for approximately one hour.

The Ghosophs had taken off from the El Monte Airport with a planned stop at the Fullerton Airport to pick up two passengers. From there, the plan was to fly to the island of Catalina to spend the day, after which they would make the return route to Fullerton and then to El Monte. Pilots had complained for years to KFI management that it needed to put strobe lights on the tower and highly reflective balls on the guy wire. KFI and Clear Channel Communications management responded by saying the tower was in compliance with FCC and Federal Aviation Administration regulations and that it did not need to make any changes.

Until a replacement was erected, the station transmitted from the  auxiliary tower at a power of 25,000 watts, but provisions had been made to transmit from the disused KRKD (KIIS) 1150 AM site just north of downtown Los Angeles, whenever the RF field towards the tower erection crew would exceed safety limits. Work was conducted at the site on November 19, 2006, temporarily interrupting a broadcast of Leo Laporte's talk show KFI Tech Guy at 11:55 a.m.

2008 replacement tower collapse
At 2:30 p.m. on March 18, 2008, the replacement tower collapsed while under construction. The tower was about  tall (the final height was to be  when a guy wire support failed, causing the tower to tip over in the opposite direction. There were no major injuries, and only limited collateral damage.

The reason for the failure is assumed to be a combination of factors, including the much higher per unit weight of the new  cross-section tower, compared to the 1948 tower which had a  cross-section, and the inadequacy of the 1948 pier and guy wire terminations, one of which had previously been modified to a cantilever design to facilitate the passage of vehicles under that termination (and, it was the cantilever termination which catastrophically failed during this erection attempt). All of these structural components were replaced or strengthened in preparation for erection of the third tower, which is identical in design to the (failed) replacement tower.

Third tower construction
A new tower began construction at the end of July 2008 and was completed on August 14, 2008, by Eli the Construction Guy (structural engineer). It has a  top-loading "capacitance hat", which electrically extends the tower's height another , effectively, without actually needing more tower sections. The tower was also equipped with high intensity strobe lights due to its proximity to the Fullerton Municipal Airport, and additional safety upgrades because of the previous plane crash. It has torque arms which limit the twisting of the tower in high winds. (Local regulation authorities in apparent defiance of electrical engineering principles, and communications law, demanded "a 10 percent reduction in overall height", otherwise the necessary permits would be refused, not withstanding the federal government's primary authority over radio communications, and KFI's strategic role as an Emergency Alert System station for the western U.S. region).

The station returned to full 50,000 watt power on September 25, 2008, at 5:00 p.m. The tower has been dedicated to the memory of John Paoli, KFI Chief Engineer from 2000 to 2008, who died suddenly from a previously unknown genetic heart condition soon after overseeing the construction of the new tower. A plaque bearing the words "John A. Paoli, 1958-2008, Memorial Tower. Dedicated on this day, November 18, 2008 to our friend and colleague whose passion and talent brought KFI AM 640 to millions of listeners." and his likeness now graces the wall around the tower's base.

Former hosts and on-air alumni

Jack Angel - the former KMPC overnight host and cartoon voiceover, heard primarily on afternoon shows 1970-76.
 Jerry Bishop - announcer for the Judge Judy program and worked for the Disney Channel. Afternoon drive in 1973.
Tammy Bruce - hosted weekend talk show from 1993 to 1998. Bruce was fired for making unflattering comments about Bill Cosby and his wife Camille, who had recently lost their son Ennis in a murder. Bruce was later syndicated on 153 stations including KABC in Los Angeles.
Bill Carroll – Monday–Friday 10am–1pm; also hosted an edition of his show from Los Angeles for Toronto radio station CFMJ
Michael Castner - news reporter, later hosted The Daily Wrap from the Wall Street Journal. The syndicated show was heard in Los Angeles on KEIB.
Chuck Cecil - hosted "The Swingin' Years", focusing on big band music, from 1956 until the early 1970s. Program was nationally syndicated more than 25 years.  Show moved to KKJZ Long Beach until February 8, 2014.
Joe Crummey - hosted evening talk show from 1988 to 1994.
Mark Denis - worked the KFI Traffic Center from 1986 until his death in April 2000; was the imaging voice of "KFI, More Stimulating Talk Radio"
Dave Diamond hosted overnights on KFI's top-40 format in the late 1970s. Diamond died May 5, 2014.
Matt Drudge - syndicated Internet news personality who was heard on KFI Sunday nights until September 2007.
Dale Dye - During the Iraq War, Dye was hired as a military commentator by KFI and given a two-hour radio show.
Scott Ellsworth - creator and on-air host of the popular radio program, "Scott's Place" that aired on KFI from 1969 through 1972. It was on from midnight until 4:00 AM and featured jazz and big band music, interspersed with live interviews with musicians.
Terri-Rae Elmer - former news anchor from 1983 to 2011.  Hosted TNT in the Morning with Tracey Miller from 1990 to 1993.  Spent her last 18 years with the station as the in studio news anchor during the John and Ken Show.  Later heard on morning drive at KABC with Doug McIntyre
Charlie Fox - hosted late nights on KFI's Top 40 format in the late 1970s.
Ken Gallacher — former news anchor for the Bill Handel Show
Daryl Gates — the former Los Angeles Police Department chief replaced Tom Leykis as part of the station's shift toward conservative politics. Died in 2010.
Phil Hendrie - hosted an evening talk show from 1989 to 1990 (sometimes alternating with Joe Crummey).  Also hosted a syndicated comedy show The Phil Hendrie Show from 1996 to 2006.
Mikel Hunter Herrington - worked as a disc jockey at KFI in 1969.
Dave Hull - 1960s, 1970s. The "Hullaballooer" was heard primarily 9 pm-12 am weekday evenings. Spent more than 15 years at KWXY(FM) Cathedral City-Palm Springs. Began a syndicated weekend talk show in 2013.
Geoff Edwards - first heard as a KFI music host in 1966. Hosted early drive 1987(?) to 1989. Resigned as a protest to Tom Leykis crushing of listener donated Cat Stevens/Yusuf Islam records, following Stevens call for fatwa on Salman Rushdie.  Edwards was also known as a TV game show host.
Tim Kelly - hosted middays with his wife Evelyn during the 1977-78 Top 40 format.  Later moved to KIIS-FM and was a founder of Premiere Radio, the nation's largest radio syndication company.
Tom Leykis - hosted a KFI talk show from 1988 until 1992, which was politically oriented.  He later hosted a syndicated show that leaned more toward comedy and pop culture.
Hudson & Landry - the radio comedy team hosted afternoon drive 1974-75.
Rabbi Mentz - hosted a show from 1997 to 2002 from 10 to midnight, and sometimes filled in for Bill Handel on morning drive. From politics to family life, sports to matchmaking, the show provided an entertaining perspective. Guests such as Governor Gray Davis, Laura Bush, Paula Abdul and Bill O'Reilly dropped by the show.
Tracey Miller - co-hosted TNT in the Morning with KFI newscaster Terri-Rae Elmer from 1990 to 1993.  It was the first morning drive show in a major market to feature two women in the lead roles. Miller died in 2005.
Kevin Mitnick - infamous computer hacker who co-hosted a two-hour show early Sunday morning show known The Dark Side of the Internet with Alex Kasper from 2000 to 2001.
Karel & Andrew - Karel Bouley and Andrew Howard were the first openly gay radio talk show hosts on a U.S. major-market radio station in 1998.  Karel was hired for the afternoon drive slot at KFI, the duo replaced KFI mainstays John Kobylt and Ken Chiampou.[22] "I'm sure there are a million gay [radio] hosts, but not many of them are open, and no one had ever appeared on the air as a gay couple," said Ron Rodrigues, editor-in-chief of Radio & Records magazine. " The backbone of their on-air banter was their contrasting world views. Bouley, who dominated the conversation, could be stopped in his tracks with one, well-placed word from Howard".[23] Al Peterson, an editor at Radio & Records magazine said, "They didn't feel like it was their job to be the poster boys for the gay community or to effect social change, just because they were the first openly gay hosts who were partners off the air.
Mr. KFI - Marc Germain hosted a question-and-answer talk show from 1993 to 1996. He was fired from KFI in 1996 and then hired by competitor KABC. Germain hosted a similar show as Mr. KABC for ten years before leaving KABC for KTLK (AM 1150).  He later created, hosted and produced shows for online network talkradioone.com.
Scott and Casey - Scott Hasick and Casey Bartholomew hosted a show from 1994 to 1997, and again from 1998 to 1999. Scott Hasick was involved in The Stephanie Miller Show during her time on KFI, performing many of the character voices heard on the broadcasts, as well as serving as production director and board operator. Casey Bartholomew was involved in the John and Ken Show as their board operator, as well as writing and performing many popular "updates", and imaging for KFI. The pair exited KFI in 1999, for weekday afternoons on WKXW "New Jersey 101.5."  After leaving New Jersey, Scott and Casey served stints in Detroit, St. Louis and San Francisco. Casey spent some time on the airwaves in Charleston before the duo re-united in St. Louis. Scott was later heard at Bonneville's WMVN/WARH in St. Louis. Casey recently returned to New Jersey 101.5 as the afternoon replacement for Craig Carton.
The Tim & Neil Show - Tim Kelly and Neil Saavedra hosted a weekend show, then replaced Tammy Bruce on weeknights. From 1997 to 2001, Tim and Neil hosted various shifts and often filled in for Bill Handel. Tim Kelly was a longtime contributor to the Bill Handel Program, penning and recording the bits and parodies that the show featured under the moniker "Dick Cabeza." Neil Saavedra is currently with KFI as Marketing Director and on air with The Fork Report on Saturdays and The Jesus Christ Show on Sundays.
Mike Nolan - Known as "KFI in the Sky" and also employed by sister station KOST 103.5 to do airborne traffic reports in the morning and evening drive times.  He was let go after 20 years with the station due to a restructuring on November 30, 2007. As of January 14, 2008, he was back on air with KFI and KOST as a ground-based traffic reporter with an occasional KFI in the Sky from his own plane. He also serves as an expert for aviation related topics and news stories.
Big Ron O'Brien hosted nights on KFI during Top 40 format period of the late 1970s.  He later hosted afternoons at KIIS-FM and WOGL in Philadelphia. O'Brien died April 27, 2008, at age 56 of complications of pneumonia.
Ted Rall - Saturday evenings on KFI briefly.  He can still be heard filling in on the Bill Handel Show occasionally.
Deborah Rich - hosted a weekend, topic-driven show on Saturday evenings.
Hilly Rose - from 1972 to 1979.  Rose hosted an overnight show on KFI known as The Hilly Rose Night Owl Show.  He and his listeners conversed on the air about various subjects. As a child actor, Rose appeared on such radio programs as "Ma Perkins," and "The First Nighter Program." Hilly Rose Los Angeles broadcast history: KABC, 1970–72; KFI, 1972–79; KMPC, 1979–82; KABC, 1982-84. Hilly also hosted a program on the Sirius Satellite Radio SciFi Channel.
Turi Ryder - hosted a weekend show for KFI in the late 1990s.
Laura Schlessinger - hosted the syndicated Dr. Laura Show from 1988 to 2009, giving listeners advice on romance and life. Moved to KFWB on September 8, 2009, and later hosted a weekday show on Sirius XM radio.
Bob Shannon - afternoon drive MOR personality who survived the format change to Top 40 in 1977 and later went on to having a successful film/television acting career and acting coach in Los Angeles.
Paul T Wall - former board operator for the Bill Handel show and on-air contributor to "Handel on the News."  Wall left KFI in February 2008.
April Winchell - hosted a variety talk show from 2000 until 2002.
Bruce Wayne (Bruce F. Talford) - "KFI in the Sky" traffic reporter. He was killed on June 4, 1986, in a crash just after take-off from Fullerton Airport in a KFI airplane.
John Ziegler - hosted a political talk show from 10 p.m to 1 a.m. from 2004 until 2005.  He was heard in the 7 to 10 p.m. time slot from 2005 until November 13, 2007.  Each show ended with a remembrance of the September 11 attacks.

References

External links

 (covering 1927-1980)
 "John Ziegler fires at 'John & Ken'" by Kevin Roderick, January 10, 2008 (LAObserved.com)
 Pictures of the KFI - 640 tower that fell. La Mirada (Los Angeles), CA December 19, 2004 (oldradio.com)
 KFI's Main Tower is Destroyed by a Private Aircraft December 19, 2004 Photos and Descriptions by Marvin Collins, some additional text by Bob Gonsett (earthsignals.com)
 KFI Tower Completed in 14 Days August 14, 2008 (sakrison.com)

FI
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Clear-channel radio stations
History of radio in the United States
IHeartMedia radio stations
NBC Radio Network affiliates
Radio stations established in 1922
1922 establishments in California

KFI


Passiflora laurifolia, commonly known as the water lemon, Jamaican honeysuckle, golden bellapple, pomme liane on Martinique & Guadeloupe and orange lilikoi (not to be confused with yellow lilikoi, or simply lilikoi, is the name given to passiflora edulis v. flavicarpa for the valley where it first grew in Hawai'i), is a species in the family Passifloraceae. It is native to tropical Americas, and has spread to other parts of the world. As a tropical species, water lemon will not tolerate any frost. Water lemon is only occasionally cultivated, but the fruits are usually available in markets wherever the vine grows in wild. It is not widely known outside those regions.

The fruit is medium-sized, ovoid in shape, about  long with a diameter of , with a green or deep orange skin and white-yellow, extremely juicy pulp.

The water lemon has an excellent mild, perfumed taste, without the tartness of the common Passionfruit. It grows on a vigorous vine up to 30 feet long.   Growing better in slightly humid climates, the vine is not particular about soil or water requirements, other than liking ground moisture year-round. It is almost always grown from seeds, but can be propagated by cuttings.  Bottom-heating the seeds at 70-80 °F (21-27 °C) can result in germination at 1–2 weeks; at lower temperatures, seeds can take up to 10 weeks to germinate. The fruits are eaten fresh, or used  in drinks and beverages.

Waterlemon Cay in the Virgin Islands is named after the fruit.

References

laurifolia
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Passiflora laurifolia


Helena Bonham Carter  (born 26 May 1966) is an English actress. Known for her roles in blockbusters and independent films, particularly period dramas, she has received various awards and nominations, including a British Academy Film Award and an International Emmy Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards, four British Academy Television Awards, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and nine Golden Globe Awards.

Bonham Carter rose to prominence by playing Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View (1985) and the title character in Lady Jane (1986). Her early period roles saw her typecast as a virginal "English rose", a label with which she was uncomfortable. She is best known for her eccentric fashion and dark aesthetic and for often playing quirky women. For her role as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove (1997), Bonham Carter received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress, and for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in The King's Speech (2010), she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Her other films include Hamlet (1990), Howards End (1992), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), Mighty Aphrodite (1995), Fight Club (1999), Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005), the Harry Potter series (2007–2011) as Bellatrix Lestrange, Great Expectations (2012) as Miss Havisham, Les Misérables (2012), Cinderella (2015), Ocean's 8 (2018), and Enola Holmes (2020). Her collaborations with director Tim Burton, her former domestic partner, include Big Fish (2003), Corpse Bride (2005), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) as Mrs. Lovett, Alice in Wonderland (2010) as the Red Queen, and Dark Shadows (2012).

For her role as children's author Enid Blyton in the BBC Four biographical film Enid (2009), she won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress. Her other television films include Fatal Deception: Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald (1993), Live from Baghdad (2002), Toast (2010), and Burton & Taylor (2013). From 2019 to 2020, she portrayed Princess Margaret in seasons three and four of Netflix's The Crown.

Early life and education
Bonham Carter was born in Islington, London. Her father, Raymond Bonham Carter, who came from a prominent British political family, was a merchant banker and served as the alternative British director representing the Bank of England at the International Monetary Fund in Washington, DC, during the 1960s. Her mother, Elena (née Propper de Callejón), is a psychotherapist who is of Spanish and mostly Jewish background, and whose parents were diplomat Eduardo Propper de Callejón from Spain and painter Baroness Hélène Fould-Springer. Bonham Carter's paternal grandmother was politician and feminist Violet Bonham Carter, daughter of H. H. Asquith, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the first half of the First World War.

Bonham Carter has two older brothers; Edward and Thomas. They were brought up in Golders Green, and she was educated at South Hampstead High School, and completed her A-levels at Westminster School. Bonham Carter applied to King's College, Cambridge, but was rejected.

When Bonham Carter was five, her mother had a serious nervous breakdown, from which she needed three years to recover. Soon afterwards, her mother's experience in therapy led her to become a psychotherapist herself. Bonham Carter has since paid her to read her scripts and deliver opinions on the characters' psychological motivations. Five years after her mother's recovery, her father was diagnosed with acoustic neuroma. He suffered complications during an operation to remove the tumour, which led to a stroke, leaving him half-paralysed and using a wheelchair. With her brothers at college, Bonham Carter was left to help her mother cope. She later studied her father's movements and mannerisms for her role in The Theory of Flight. He died in January 2004.

Career

Early work and breakthrough (1980s–1990s)
Bonham Carter, who has had no formal acting training, entered the field winning a national writing contest in 1979, and used the money to pay for her entry into the actors' Spotlight directory. She made her professional acting debut at the age of 16 in a television commercial. She also had a minor part in the 1983 TV film A Pattern of Roses.

Bonham Carter's first lead film role was as Lady Jane Grey in Lady Jane (1986), which was given mixed reviews by critics. Her breakthrough role was as Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View (1985), an adaptation of E. M. Forster's 1908 novel, which was filmed after Lady Jane, but released two months earlier. She also appeared in episodes of Miami Vice as Don Johnson's love interest during the 1986–87 season, and then in 1987 with Dirk Bogarde in The Vision, Stewart Granger in A Hazard of Hearts, and John Gielgud in Getting It Right. Bonham Carter was originally cast for the role of Bess McNeill in Breaking the Waves, but backed out during production owing to "the character's painful psychic and physical exposure", according to Roger Ebert. The role went to Emily Watson, who was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance.

Her early films led to her being typecast as a "corset queen" and "English rose", playing pre- and early 20th century characters, particularly in Merchant Ivory films. Uncomfortable with this image, she states: "I looked, as someone said, like a bloated chipmunk". In 1994, Bonham Carter appeared in a dream sequence during the second series of the British sitcom Absolutely Fabulous, as Edina Monsoon's daughter Saffron, who was normally played by Julia Sawalha. Throughout the series, references were made to Saffron's resemblance to Bonham Carter.

Bonham Carter, who speaks French fluently, starred in a 1996 French film titled Portraits chinois. That same year, she played Olivia in Trevor Nunn's film version of Twelfth Night. One of the high points of her early career was her performance as the scheming Kate Croy in the 1997 film adaption of The Wings of the Dove, which was highly acclaimed internationally and saw her receive her first Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations. Then followed Fight Club in 1999, in which she played Marla Singer, a role for which she won the 2000 Empire Award for Best British Actress.

Worldwide recognition and blockbuster films (2000s–2020s)

In August 2001, she was featured in Maxim. She played her second Queen of England when she was cast as Anne Boleyn in the ITV1 miniseries Henry VIII; however, her role was restricted, as she was pregnant with her first child at the time of filming. In 2005, she voiced Lady Tottingham, a wealthy aristocratic spinster in the 2005 stop-motion animated comedy Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit. Starring alongside Ralph Fiennes and Peter Sallis, the film serves as part of the Wallace and Gromit series.

She was a member of the 2006 Cannes Film Festival jury that unanimously selected The Wind That Shakes the Barley as best film. In May 2006, Bonham Carter launched her own fashion line, "The Pantaloonies", with swimwear designer Samantha Sage. Their first collection, called Bloomin' Bloomers, is a Victorian style selection of camisoles, mob caps, and bloomers. The duo worked on Pantaloonies customised jeans, which Bonham Carter describes as "a kind of scrapbook on the bum".

Bonham Carter played the evil witch Bellatrix Lestrange in the final four Harry Potter films (2007–2011). While filming Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, she accidentally perforated the eardrum of Matthew Lewis (playing Neville Longbottom) when she stuck her wand into his ear canal. Bonham Carter received positive reviews as Bellatrix, described as a "shining but underused talent". She played Mrs. Lovett, Sweeney Todd's (Johnny Depp) amorous accomplice, in the film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's Broadway musical, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, directed by Burton.
Bonham Carter received a nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Actress for her performance. She won the Best Actress award in the 2007 Evening Standard British Film Awards for her performances in Sweeney Todd and Conversations With Other Women, along with another Best Actress award at the 2009 Empire Awards. Bonham Carter also appeared in the fourth Terminator film, entitled Terminator Salvation, playing a small but pivotal role as a personification of Skynet.

In 2009, Bonham Carter was the mother squirrel narrator in the 30-minute animated film adaptation of the best-selling children's book The Gruffalo, which was broadcast on BBC One on 25 December 2009. Bonham Carter joined the cast of Tim Burton's 2010 film, Alice in Wonderland, as the Red Queen.
She appears alongside Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Mia Wasikowska, Crispin Glover, and Harry Potter co-star Alan Rickman. Her role was an amalgamation of the Queen of Hearts and the Red Queen.
In early 2009, Bonham Carter was named one of The Timess top-10 British Actresses of all time, along with fellow actresses Judi Dench, Helen Mirren, Maggie Smith, Julie Andrews, and Audrey Hepburn.

In 2010, Bonham Carter played Queen Elizabeth in the film The King's Speech. , she had received numerous plaudits and praise for her performance, including nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She won her first BAFTA Award, but lost the Academy Award to Melissa Leo for The Fighter.

Bonham Carter signed to play author Enid Blyton in the BBC Four television biopic, Enid. It was the first depiction of Blyton's life on the screen; she starred with Matthew Macfadyen and Denis Lawson. She received her first Television BAFTA Nomination for Best Actress, for Enid. In 2010, she starred with Freddie Highmore in the Nigel Slater biopic Toast, which was filmed in the West Midlands and received a gala at the 2011 Berlin International Film Festival. She received the Britannia Award for British Artist of the Year from BAFTA LA in 2011.

In 2012, she appeared as the eccentric, jilted bride Miss Havisham—one of the most potent figures in Victorian gothic fiction—in Mike Newell's adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations. In April 2012, she appeared in Rufus Wainwright's music video for his single "Out of the Game", featured on the album of the same name. She co-starred in a film adaptation of the musical Les Misérables, released in 2012. She played the role of Madame Thénardier.

On 17 May 2012, Bonham Carter was announced to be appearing in the 2013 adaptation (entitled The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet) of Reif Larsen's book The Selected Works of T.S. Spivet. Her casting was announced alongside that of Kathy Bates, Kyle Catlett and Callum Keith Rennie, with Jean-Pierre Jeunet directing. She also appeared in a short film directed by Roman Polanski for the clothing brand Prada. The short was entitled A Therapy and she appeared as a patient of Ben Kingsley's therapist.

In 2013, she played Red Harrington, a peg-legged brothel madam, who assists Reid and Tonto in locating Cavendish, in the movie The Lone Ranger. Also that year, Bonham Carter narrated poetry for The Love Book App, an interactive anthology of love literature developed by Allie Byrne Esiri. Also in 2013, Bonham Carter appeared as Elizabeth Taylor, alongside Dominic West as Richard Burton, in BBC4's Burton & Taylor, which premiered at the 2013 Hamptons International Film Festival. She played the Fairy Godmother in the 2015 live-action re-imagining of Walt Disney's Cinderella.

In 2016, Bonham Carter reprised her role of the Red Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass. In June 2018, she starred in a spin-off of the Ocean's Eleven trilogy, titled Ocean's 8, alongside Sandra Bullock, Cate Blanchett, Anne Hathaway, and Sarah Paulson. She plays an older Princess Margaret—whom Bonham Carter knew in person through her uncle Mark—for the Netflix series The Crown, replacing Vanessa Kirby, who played a younger version for the first two seasons. In 2020, Bonham Carter starred as Eudoria Holmes in the Netflix film Enola Holmes, which is based on the Sherlock Holmes adaptation, The Enola Holmes Mysteries.

Personal life
In August 2008, four of Bonham Carter's relatives were killed in a safari bus crash in South Africa, and she was given indefinite leave from filming Terminator Salvation, returning later to complete filming.

In early October 2008, Bonham Carter became the first patron of the charity Action Duchenne, the national charity established to support parents and sufferers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

In August 2014, Bonham Carter was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue. In 2016, Bonham Carter said she was keen on the UK remaining in the European Union in regard to the referendum on that issue.

Bonham Carter was appointed to the honorary position of the London Library's president, making her their first female president, in 2022. She has been a member of the London Library since 1986.

Relationships
In 1994, Bonham Carter and Kenneth Branagh met while filming Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. They began an affair while Branagh was still married to Emma Thompson. At the time, Thompson's career was soaring, while Branagh was struggling to make a success of his first big-budget film (Mary Shelley's Frankenstein). Following the affair, Branagh and Thompson divorced in 1995. In 1999, after five years together, Bonham Carter and Branagh separated.

Thompson has said she has "no hard feelings" towards Bonham Carter, calling her affair with Branagh "blood under the bridge". She explained: "You can't hold on to anything like that. It's pointless. I haven't got the energy for it. Helena and I made our peace years and years ago. She's a wonderful woman." Thompson, Branagh, and Bonham Carter all later went on to appear in the Harry Potter series; Thompson and Bonham Carter both appeared in Order of the Phoenix.

In 2001, Bonham Carter began a relationship with American director Tim Burton, whom she met while filming Planet of the Apes. Burton cast her in a number of his other films, including Big Fish, Corpse Bride, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Alice in Wonderland, and Dark Shadows. After their separation, Bonham Carter said, "It might be easier to work together without being together anymore. He always only cast me with great embarrassment."

Bonham Carter and Burton lived in adjoining houses in Belsize Park, London. She owned one of the houses; Burton later bought the other, and they connected the two. In 2006, they bought the Mill House in Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire. It was previously leased by her grandmother, Violet Bonham Carter, and owned by her great-grandfather H. H. Asquith.

Bonham Carter and Burton have a son and daughter together. She told The Daily Telegraph of her struggles with infertility and the difficulties she had during her pregnancies. She said that before the conception of her daughter, she and Burton had been trying for a baby for two years and, although they conceived naturally, they were considering in vitro fertilisation.

On 23 December 2014, the two announced that they had "separated amicably" earlier that year. Of the separation, Bonham Carter told Harper's Bazaar: "Everyone always says you have to be strong and have a stiff upper lip, but it's okay to be fragile. ...You've got to take very small steps, and sometimes you won't know where to go next because you've lost yourself." She added: "With divorce, you go through massive grief—it is a death of a relationship, so it's utterly bewildering. Your identity, everything, changes."

Since 2018, Bonham Carter has been in a relationship with art historian Rye Dag Holmboe. Holmboe is 21 years her junior. Regarding their age gap, Bonham Carter told The Times in 2019: "Everybody ages at a different rate. My boyfriend is unbelievably mature. He's an old soul in a young body, what more could I want? People are slightly frightened of older women, but he isn't. Women can be very powerful when they're older."

Media image
Bonham Carter is known for her unconventional and eccentric sense of fashion. British Vogue described her dark style in clothing and acting as "quirky and irreverent". Vanity Fair named her on its 2010 Best-Dressed List and she was selected by Marc Jacobs to be the face of his Autumn/Winter 2011 advertising campaign. She has cited Vivienne Westwood and Marie Antoinette as her main style influences.

In May 2021, Bonham Carter featured in a commercial for British furniture retailer Sofology, taking viewers through the quirks and stylistic flourishes of her home. In 2021, she wrote an article for Harper's Bazaar on the influence of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland on her life since she first read the book as a child: "As far back as I can remember, I've been a wannabe Alice", adding, "everywhere I look at home, every view has some reference to Alice: frog footman candlesticks, teacup constructions, a teapot lamp, a chessboard teapot, an oversized pocket watch, undersized doors, bunnies, internal windows that look like mirrors, and mirrors that look like windows".

Ancestry

Paternal

Bonham Carter's paternal grandparents were British Liberal politicians Sir Maurice Bonham-Carter and Lady Violet Bonham Carter. Helena is descended on her father's side from John Bonham Carter, Member of Parliament for Portsmouth. Helena's paternal great-grandfather was H. H. Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith and Prime Minister of Britain 1908–1916. She is the great-niece of Asquith's son, Anthony Asquith, English director of such films as Carrington V.C. and The Importance of Being Earnest, and a first cousin of the economist Adam Ridley and of politician Jane Bonham Carter.

Bonham Carter is a distant cousin of actor Crispin Bonham-Carter. Her other prominent distant relatives include Lothian Bonham Carter, who played first-class cricket for Hampshire, his son, Vice Admiral Sir Stuart Bonham Carter, who served in the Royal Navy in both world wars, and pioneering English nurse Florence Nightingale.

Maternal

Her maternal grandfather, Spanish diplomat Eduardo Propper de Callejón, saved thousands of Jews from the Holocaust during the Second World War, for which he was recognised as Righteous Among the Nations, and posthumously received the Courage to Care Award from the Anti-Defamation League. His own father was a Bohemian Jew, and his wife, Helena's grandmother, was a Jewish convert to Catholicism. He later served as Minister-Counselor at the Spanish Embassy in Washington, D.C.

Her maternal grandmother, Baroness Hélène Fould-Springer, was from an upper-class Jewish family; she was the daughter of Baron Eugène Fould-Springer (a French banker descended from the Ephrussi family and the Fould dynasty) and Marie-Cécile von Springer (whose father was Austrian-born industrialist Baron Gustav von Springer, and whose mother was from the de Koenigswarter family). Hélène Fould-Springer converted to Catholicism after the Second World War. Hélène's sister was the French philanthropist Liliane de Rothschild (1916–2003), the wife of Baron Élie de Rothschild, of the prominent Rothschild family (who had also married within the von Springer family in the 19th century); Liliane's other sister, Therese Fould-Springer, was the mother of British writer David Pryce-Jones.

Acting credits

Accolades and honours

Bonham Carter has been the recipient of a BAFTA Award, a Critics' Choice Movie Award, an International Emmy Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as receiving further nominations for two Academy Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards and five Primetime Emmy Awards. She has received other prestigious awards such as a Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award and two National Board of Review awards.

Bonham Carter was made a CBE in the 2012 New Year Honours list for services to drama, and Prime Minister David Cameron announced that she had been appointed to Britain's new national Holocaust Commission in January 2014.

See also
List of British actors
List of British Academy Award nominees and winners
List of Jewish Academy Award winners and nominees
List of actors with Academy Award nominations
List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories

References

External links

 Helena Bonham Carter at the British Film Institute

1966 births
Actresses from London
Asquith family
Audiobook narrators
Actors from Islington (district)
Best Supporting Actress BAFTA Award winners
Best Actress Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Helena
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English film actresses
English people of Austrian-Jewish descent
English people of Czech-Jewish descent
English people of German-Jewish descent
English people of Spanish descent
English radio actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
International Emmy Award for Best Actress winners
Living people
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People educated at South Hampstead High School
People educated at Westminster School, London
People from Golders Green
People from Sutton Courtenay
Fould family
British people of French-Jewish descent
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners

Helena Bonham Carter


Valley Cottage is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Clarkstown, New York, United States. It is located northeast of West Nyack, northwest of Central Nyack east of Bardonia, south of Congers, northwest of Nyack, and west of Upper Nyack. The population was 9,107 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Valley Cottage is located at  (41.117862, −73.942531).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

Demographics

At the census of 2000, there were 9,269 people, 3,347 households, and 2,379 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 3,410 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.16% white, 3.59% African American, .09% Native American, 9.81% Asian, .13% Pacific Islander, 1.89% from other races, and 2.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.71% of the population.

There were 3,347 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. Of all households, 23.8% were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.2.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 20.9% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $75,828, and the median income for a family was $87,123. Males had a median income of $51,718 versus $41,653 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $33,181. About 1.4% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.

History

The first known resident of Valley Cottage was John Ryder, who owned a large farm which comprised all or most of the area's school district.

The post office was first opened at the Valley Cottage Station in 1892.

According to George H. Burke's book Rockland County during the American Revolution, 1776–1781, Valley Cottage was once known as "Storm's Corner".  In 1876, just before the opening of the West Shore Railroad station, the residents assembled at the school room agreed on the name "Valley Cottage", referring to the house nearest the station "that cottage in the valley".  Another version has it that the name of the hamlet came about because of a famous trotting horse named "Cottage Maid", owned by Ed Green who owned the land where the station, the Marcus store and other buildings stood.

Awards and recognition

Education

 Valley Cottage is a part of Nyack Union Free School District
 Valley Cottage Elementary School
 Liberty Elementary School is a Blue Ribbon Award winner (2000–2001) and semi-finalists (2004), New York State winner of International Reading Award and ING Unsung Heroes Award (2004) for Karne Andreasen's "Turn on to Reading" program.
 Nyack Middle School
 Nyack High School

Community
Valley Cottage has a very close community with many schools, libraries, restaurants, and recreational opportunities. Valley Cottage has a calm and quaint atmosphere that is very welcoming. Valley Cottage also full of nature and is very accessible with many sidewalks.

Libraries
There are many libraries in and surrounding Valley Cottage.
A few of them are:
Valley Cottage Library
Nyack Library - Located in Nyack,NY
West Nyack Library- Located in West Nyack,NY

Parks and Recreation
Twin Ponds Park- Massachusetts Avenue, 54 Sedge Rd
Rockland Lake State Park- 299 Rockland Lake Rd
Valley Cottage Hamlet Green- New Lake Rd
Kings Park- 54, 34 Kings Hwy
Wholeness Center- 7 New Lake Rd

Transportation

Valley Cottage's major thoroughfares are New York State Route 303, U.S. Route 9W, and Kings Highway.

Valley Cottage is located along CSX Transportation's River Line, with between 20 and 55 freight trains passing through the hamlet daily. Passenger service on the line ended in 1959. The nearest railroad stations to Valley Cottage with current passenger service are Nanuet  5.2 miles away and Tarrytown 10 miles away.

Commuter transportation to New York City is provided by Rockland Coaches Route 9A to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal and Route 9T to the Port Authority Bus Terminal from the bus shelters at the intersection of Lake Road and New York State Route 303. The shelters are a 0.4 mile walk from the hamlet's Park and Ride facility. Local bus transportation is operated by Transport of Rockland's Route 91 & 97 and Clarkstown Mini-Trans Route A.

Tourism

Historical markers
Markers at Rockland Lake and Hook Mountain were unveiled on October 4, 2008.

Landmarks and places of interest
 The Josephine Hudson House belonged to the first woman to work in the Knickerbocker Ice Company.
 The Knickerbocker Ice Company was established in 1831. Rockland Lake was known to have had the cleanest and purest ice in the area. Knickerbocker's Ice House No. 3, located at Rockland Lake, could store more than 40,000 tons of ice harvested from the lake. The wooden storehouse's walls were insulated with sawdust to keep the ice blocks frozen until they were shipped in the summer. By 1834, the company owned a dozen steamboats and 75 ice barges, and employed about 3,000 to ship ice countrywide. The stored ice was placed on inclined railroad cars, transported down the mountainside, placed on barges on the Hudson River and shipped to New York City. So much ice was shipped that Rockland Lake became known as the "Icehouse of New York City". Knickerbocker burned down in 1926. Knickerbocker's Ice House No. 3 is currently a Clarkstown town historic site. Wells Fargo Home Mortgage recently pledged to help preserve the remaining walls. Only those walls and some scattered foundations from other icehouses remain. The Hanchar family who has deep roots in the hamlet, recently donated money for new markers at this site.
 Knickerbocker Fire House - established 1862
 Palisades Center bordering Valley Cottage from West Nyack side.
 Rockland Lake Community was a thriving community made up of the many workers at the Knickerbocker Ice Company.
 Rockland Lake State Park
 Storms Tavern - believed to have been built in 1765 restored in 2008
 Tolstoy Foundation of Valley Cottage, founded in 1939 by Alexandra Lvovna Tolstoy, youngest daughter of Leo Tolstoy. Some of the Board members throughout the years included Sergei Rachmaninoff - composer & conductor, Igor Sikorsky - aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, Boris Bakhmeteff - engineer, professor of Civil Engineering at Columbia University and the only ambassador of the Russian Provisional Government to the United States, Boris Sergievsky - one of the most colourful of the early aviators.

Religious institutions
 All Saints Church.
 All Saints Episcopal - consecrated in 1922.
 Elim Tabernacle Church
 Lake Avenue Chapel - torn down, abandoned cemetery.
 Islamic Center of Rockland.
 Methodist Church - which was located in Rockland Lake, torn down.
 St. Mary's Indian Orthodox Church.
 St. Michael's Church - Consecrated in 1901 and closed down in 1965 and torn down, however the Gethsemane Cemetery is still used.
 St. Therese's Chapel - consecrated in 1927 and was located on Church Lane, closed down in 1965 and torn down.
 Saint Paul's School.
 Saint Sergius of Radonezh Russian Orthodox Church - consecrated in 1940.

Notable people from Valley Cottage
 Isaac Bonewits, was an influential American druid who published a number of books on the subject of neopaganism.
 Stephen Greene, artist, along with his wife Sigrid de Lima, a novelist.
 Rose Thompson Hovick, lived on Ridge Rd. She was the mother of two famous performing daughters: the burlesque artist Gypsy Rose Lee and the actress June Havoc.
 Jack Klugman, actor, stated in the Rockland County Journal newspaper, that he lived on Kings Highway in Valley Cottage.
 Audrey Landers, actress, grew up on Sherry Drive, a scenic view from the top of the mountain.
 Judy Landers, actress, along with her sister grew up on Sherry Drive.
 Robert Maclay, president of the Knickerbocker Ice Company, late 1800s - early 1900s.
 Megan Leavey, Marine corporal who served in Iraq as a Military Police K9 handler.
 Mitch Miller, musician, singer, conductor, record producer, record company executive.
 Princess Vera Constantinovna of Russia, the youngest child of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna.
 Vladimir Nikolayevich Petrov, professor at Yale and an academic, POW.
 Ismael Quintana (June 3, 1937 – April 16, 2016) was a Puerto Rican singer and composer of so-called salsa music.
 Claudio Sanchez, of the well-known band Coheed & Cambria, uses Valley Cottage for much of his side project, The Prize Fighter Inferno. Sanchez is originally from nearby Nyack.
 Anita Shreve, writer, novelist and editor, lived in the 1980s.
 Olga Spessivtseva, ballerina, one of the outstanding classical ballerinas of the 20th century.
 Kim Stanley, actress, primarily in television and theatre, in later years a teacher.
 William Styron, writer, lived for a year while writing his acclaimed first novel Lie Down in Darkness.
 Harvey Swados, novelist and writer, wrote his first published novel, Out Went the Candle.
 Alexandra Tolstaya, daughter of the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, was a resident of the town in later life, organized the Tolstoy Foundation Center, of which President Herbert Hoover was the First Honorary Chairman during the years 1939–1964. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn spent many of his first few summer months after emigrating to United States here.
 Kristi Zea, production designer, costume designer, producer.

References

 Budke, George H. Rockland County during the American Revolution, 1776–1781. New York. The Rockland County Public Librarians Association. 1976

External links

 Valley Cottage Fire Department
 Tolstoy Foundation Inc
 Valley Cottage Elementary School
 Liberty Elementary School
 Valley Cottage Library

Census-designated places in New York (state)
Census-designated places in Rockland County, New York
Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Rockland County, New York

Valley Cottage, New York