The Xtreme Wrestling Center (XWC) is an independent professional wrestling school based in Raytown, a suburb of Kansas City, Missouri.  Founded in 2014 by Marine Corps combat veteran Jordan 'Smiley' Rogers and professional wrestlers 'Smooth as Satin' David Cattin and Adam Houck.  It is an atypical sports training center that supports wrestling through events in the region.

Organization
The name of  XWC was inspired by the Extreme Championship Wrestling.  The school teaches Professional Wrestling to aspiring wrestlers in the Midwest primarily in the  Kansas City area. Its training programs are for professional wrestlers, managers, and referees. XWC is managed by  Jordan Rogers with David Cattin acting as head of professional training sessions. It accepts candidate from the age of 16 after and a physical evaluation. Kansas City was chosen as a location because it has over 100 years of history in professional wrestling and a long-time stronghold for pro wrestling.

See also
List of professional wrestling conventions

References

External links
 Cauliflower Alley Club official website

2014 establishments in Missouri
Independent professional wrestling promotions based in the Midwestern United States
National Wrestling Alliance members
Professional wrestling in Kansas City, Missouri

Xtreme Wrestling Center


Charles Borromeo (born 1 December 1958) is a former Indian track and field athlete. He was awarded Arjuna Award in 1982 for winning gold at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi at a record time of 1:46:81 seconds in India. He represented India in the 1984 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles. His time in the limelight may be short, yet his efforts won him the prestigious Padma Shri civilian award in India in 1984. After retirement, he continued to work in developing sports at the national level in India. He served as the National Sports Director of Special Olympics Bharat, a programme run by the Special Olympics International in India.

Early life
Charles Borromeo was born on 1 December 1958 in the town of Devakottai, located in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He did his schooling in Muthathal Middle School and De Britto Hr. Sec. School, Devakottai.

He moved to Ahmedabad for college, graduating from St. Xavier's College.  Even while at college, his passion and ability for sports earned him the Best Sportsman Award. His record time at the Inter-University Meet in 1978 provided him a ticket to the international arena, to represent the Indian universities at the 1979 Summer Universiade, held in Mexico City.

Career
Borromeo later joined Tata Steel as Sports Assistant in 1979 and participated in a number of track and field meets.

In 1982 he rose to the limelight. He topped the six-nation Athletic Meet in Mumbai, winning the Inter-State Championship at Kozhikode and won the Gold at the Pakistan National Games at Peshawar. He won a Bronze at the Peking International Games in China and toured Germany representing the Indian athletic team.

At the 1982 Asian Games at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi, he represented India and won the 800m gold with a record time of 1:46:81 seconds (Sri Ram Singh holds national record 1:45.77 did in Montreal Olympics 1976)He was the first Tata employee to win a Gold in the Asian Games.

In 1984 Tata honored him as the Best Sportsman.  Borromeo later represented India at a number of track and field meets around the world, including Japan and China, where he again won gold. He represented India at the 1984 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles.  He was eliminated in the first round after finishing fifth with a time of 1:51.52.

Borromeo was the captain of the Indian team at the Asian Track and Field meet in Jakarta and the 1985 South Asian Federation Games in Dhaka. He won silver in both the meets. He retired as an athlete in 1986 at the age of 28, after experiencing recurring knee problems.

He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 1982 and the Padma Shri in 1984 by the Government of India.

Post-retirement

Post-retirement Borromeo has been involved with Special Olympics. He became the National Sports Director of the Special Olympics Bharat, the Indian arm of the Special Olympics International focussing on the development of sports for the mentally challenged people. He served the sports federation till 2005.

References

External links

Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Living people
1958 births
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Indian Roman Catholics
Asian Games gold medalists for India
People from Sivaganga district
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Indian male middle-distance runners
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
Olympic athletes for India

Charles Borromeo (athlete)


No Place to Go is a 1939 American drama film, directed by Terry O. Morse and written by Fred Niblo Jr., Lee Katz and Lawrence Kimble. It was adapted from the 1924 play, Minick, written by Edna Ferber and George S. Kaufman.  The film stars Dennis Morgan, Gloria Dickson, Fred Stone, Sonny Bupp, Aldrich Bowker and Charles Halton. The film was released by Warner Bros. on September 23, 1939.

Plot
Andrew Plummer is a former soldier and boxer happily living in a home for veterans. Joe, having recently gotten a promotion at work, feels guilty that his father is living there and invites him to come live with him and his wife, Trudie. He writes in his letter that he needs his father's help at his job, as he knows his father would consider his living there a bother if it was on a regular invitation. While he enjoys it there with his friends, Andrew leaves under the impression that his son needs him. And as there is a long waiting list at the veterans home, he would be unable to return for years.

Once at Joe and Trudie's house, his good-natured but intrusive personality starts to get on the housekeepers' nerves. Over time, his daughter-in-law is worn down by his erratic character. Andrew soon learns that Joe doesn't really need help, and now has a lot of time on his hands. While out on a walk he befriends Tommy, an orphan shoeshine boy who lives with his Uncle Frank. He also meets a group of elderly men in the park, who mention the Hays Home for Aged Gentlemen, where you pay $500 and they take care of you for life. Tommy casually mentions the stack of nearly one thousand dollars in Andrew's chest to his Uncle, who then plans to steal the money.

In the meantime, Andrew overhears Trudie talking to Joe about the embarrassment his father has been causing her in front of their friends. He then tells them about his decision to move into the Hays Home. When he goes to get his $500, however, it is missing. He confronts Tommy about it, and he says that he didn't do it. Andrew then gets his new friends from the Hays Home together to go to Uncle Frank and get the money back. In the end, Andrew and Tommy become members of the Hays Home.

Cast
Dennis Morgan as Joe Plummer
Gloria Dickson as Gertrude "Trudie" Plummer
Fred Stone as Andrew Plummer
Sonny Bupp as Tommy
Aldrich Bowker as Heffernan
Charles Halton as Mr. Bradford
Georgia Caine as Mrs. Bradford
Frank Faylen as Pete Shafter
Dennie Moore as Mrs. Harriet Shafter
Al Bridge as Frank Crowley
Joe Devlin as Spud
Bernice Pilot as Birdie
Greta Meyer as Hilda
Christian Rub as Otto Schlemmer
Wright Kramer as Banning
Jimmy Conlin as Rivers
Thomas Pogue as Oscar Lockwood

References

External links

1939 films
Warner Bros. films
American drama films
1939 drama films
Films directed by Terry O. Morse
American black-and-white films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
English-language drama films

No Place to Go (1939 film)


The Secret Life of Bees is a 2008 American drama film adapted from the 2001 novel of the same name by Sue Monk Kidd. Starring Queen Latifah, Dakota Fanning, Jennifer Hudson, Alicia Keys, Sophie Okonedo, and Paul Bettany, the film was directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood and produced by Lauren Shuler Donner and Will Smith, with Jada Pinkett Smith as the executive producer.

The Secret Life of Bees is noted for Queen Latifah's critically acclaimed performance as August Boatwright. The film was released in the United States on October 17, 2008, and in the United Kingdom on December 5, 2008.

Plot
In 1964 South Carolina, Lily Owens lives on a peach orchard with her abusive, widowed father T. Ray. 10 years earlier, the four-year-old Lily accidentally shot her mother as she was attempting to leave him.

In the present day, Lily's 14th birthday is approaching, and she celebrates the signing of the Civil Rights Act with her father's Black hired help, Rosaleen. On the night before her birthday, Lily sneaks away into a nearby cornfield where she has secretly buried a few mementos of her mother, including a jar labeled "Black Madonna Honey, Tiburon, SC." She places the picture of her mother on her stomach to feel closer to her as she lays back in the cornfield.

Lily suddenly hears T. Ray calling for her and quickly buries her mothers belongings and tries to quickly button her shirt. She is caught hastily buttoning her shirt by T. Ray who assumes she was out there with a boy and punishes her by having her kneel on a pile of grits for an hour.

On her birthday, Rosaleen takes Lily into town under the pretense of fitting Lily for a bra, but also to give Rosaleen the opportunity to register to vote. The pair encounter a group of racists who beat Rosaleen after she stands her ground against their intimidation, and she is arrested. T. Ray retrieves Lily and takes her back home, but she runs away and breaks Rosaleen out of the hospital, where she's being treated for her wounds while she awaits jail. They head for Tiburon, with Lily hoping to figure out more about her mother's past.

It takes two days for Lily and Rosaleen to reach Tiburon and find their way to the home of August Boatwright and her sisters May and June. August has used her skills as a beekeeper to build a successful business. Despite the unlikeliness of Lily's lies about hers and Rosaleen's circumstances, and June's suspicions, August takes them in, agreeing to trade room and board for their labor.

Lily becomes an apprentice beekeeper and later discovers May's "wailing wall", tucked full of little notes about events that have distressed the brittle and sensitive May, as well as her twin sister April, who died in childhood. She also learns about August's leadership of a small group of women who pray to the life-size statue of a Black Madonna in the Boatwright's living room for guidance.

In time Lily grows close to Zach, the teenage son of one member in the prayer group and August's assistant beekeeper/godson. Lily and Zach try to watch a movie together, but when they disregard racial barriers, sitting together in the "colored" section, Zach gets kidnapped by a group of townspeople. June and August hide the news from May to try and protect her, but Zach's mother reveals the news to her accidentally. May drowns herself out of grief, to escape the pain of feeling the world's hatred. Although her suicide note predicts Zach will be returned alive, he is and is found the next day.

With May's funeral comes some reconciliation and truth. June agrees to wed her long-time boyfriend who she had previously repeatedly rejected. Rosaleen is asked to be part of the household family, and August says they will call her July. Lily, who already believes she killed her mother, now blames herself for Zach's kidnapping and May's death. She has a breakdown, convinced her mother didn't want her, feeling unloved and unlovable, and resigns herself to leave before she causes any more harm. Before she's able to go, August challenges her outlook, and tells Lily about her mother, whom August cared for as a child in Virginia and later sheltered from the abuse of T. Ray.

Meanwhile, T. Ray has figured out where Lily is by using a map she had pinned on her bedroom wall. He comes to Tiburon to take her home with him. However, she refuses to leave, and August, June, and Rosaleen form a phalanx of support. Lily confronts T. Ray about her mother, and he reveals he lied to her; her mother really did come back for her. With angry reluctance, he leaves her to be raised by the Boatwrights.

Cast
 Queen Latifah as August Boatwright
 Dakota Fanning as Lily Owens
 Jennifer Hudson as Rosaleen "July" Daise-Boatwright
 Alicia Keys as June Boatwright
 Sophie Okonedo as May Boatwright
 Paul Bettany as T. Ray Owens, Lily's abusive father
 Hilarie Burton as Deborah Owens, Lily's mother
 Tristan Wilds as Zach Taylor, a friend of May, and Lily's love interest
 Nate Parker as Neil, June's boyfriend
 Shondrella Avery as Greta Taylor, Zach's mother

Production
Early in the film's development, David Gordon Green was set to direct the film and Focus Features was going to distribute it.

Production began on January 7, 2008, in Lumberton, North Carolina, and Watha, North Carolina and ended a few months later. The film was screened in September 2008 at the 33rd Annual Toronto International Film Festival, and had an October 17, 2008, theatrical release.

Soundtrack
Original music for The Secret Life of Bees was produced by Mark Isham.

The film features the following songs:

 "Baby, I Need Your Loving" by Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland and Edward Holland, Jr.
 "Come See About Me" by Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland and Edward Holland, Jr.
 "Prelude (From The Unaccompanied Cello Suite No. 1 In G Major)" by Johann Sebastian Bach
 "Six Canonic Sonatas Op. 5" by Georg Philipp Telemann
 "Sonata No. 3 In a Minor For Cello & Continuo: Allegro" by Antonio Vivaldi
 "The Honey Song" by Sue Monk Kidd
 "Beautiful" by India.Arie
 "Breakaway" by Irma Thomas
 "Come See About Me" by The Supremes
 "Doncha Know (Sky Is Blue)" by Alicia Keys
 "Heaven's My Home" by Sam & Ruby
 "Hippy Hippy Shake" by The Swinging Blue Jeans
 "I'm Alright" by Little Anthony and the Imperials
 "It's All Right" by The Impressions
 "Keep Marching" by Raphael Saadiq
 "Mary" by Joe Purdy
 "Song for Mia" by Lizz Wright

The soundtrack for the film was not released as a soundtrack album.

Reception

Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes reported the film has an approval of 59% based on 139 reviews, with an average rating of 5.94/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "The Secret Life of Bees has charm, but is largely too maudlin and sticky-sweet." Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Writing in The New York Times, reviewer A. O. Scott thought the film to be "a familiar and tired fable". Roger Ebert found the film "enchanting" and gave it 3.5/4 stars.

Box office
The film was  3 at the North American box office for its opening weekend with $10.5 million. It later went on to gross $40 million worldwide.

Accolades
The movie won the awards for "Favorite Movie Drama" and "Favorite Independent Movie" at the 35th People's Choice Awards.

The film received seven NAACP Image Award nominations, which include Outstanding Motion Picture, Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture (Queen Latifah, Dakota Fanning), Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture (Nate Parker), and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture (Alicia Keys, Jennifer Hudson, and Sophie Okonedo). The movie won the Image Award for Outstanding Motion Picture.

References

External links

2008 films
2000s coming-of-age drama films
African-American drama films
American coming-of-age drama films
2000s English-language films
Films about domestic violence
Films about race and ethnicity
Films about sisters
Films directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood
Films produced by Will Smith
Films produced by Lauren Shuler Donner
Films set in the 1960s
Films set in 1964
Films about child abuse
Films about bullying
Films about dysfunctional families
Films shot in North Carolina
Overbrook Entertainment films
Fox Searchlight Pictures films
Dune Entertainment films
Films based on American novels
Films set in South Carolina
Films scored by Mark Isham
2008 drama films
2000s American films

The Secret Life of Bees (film)


Gary Cooper (born 31 May 1957) is a British former boxer who was British light middleweight champion in 1988.

Career
Born in Hythe, Cooper was trained by Jack Bishop in Southampton, and turned professional in 1978. After winning five and drawing two of his first seven fights, he suffered his first defeat in October 1979 at the hands of future British and Commonwealth welterweight champion Lloyd Hibbert. Between 1980 and 1982 he had six fights, losing to Jimmy Cable and twice to Cliff Gilpin.

Copper was out of the ring for over two years, returning in December 1984 at light middleweight with a win over Martin Patrick. He faced Patrick again a month later, stopping him in the tenth round to take the BBBofC Southern Area light middleweight title. This set him up for a shot at Jimmy Cable's British title in February 1985, Cable winning on points.

Over the next three years he successfully defended his Southern Area title three times against Mick Courtney, each time winning on points, suffered defeats to Nicky Wilshire and French champion Yvon Segor, and beat Gaston Cool. He got a second shot at the British title in February 1988, beating Michael Harris at Wembley on points. In his first defence of the title in September he was beaten on points by Gary Stretch.

Cooper's final fight came in March 1989, a win over future British champion and world title challenger Ensley Bingham.

References

External links
Career record at boxrec.com

1957 births
Living people
English male boxers
Welterweight boxers
Light-middleweight boxers
Sportspeople from Hampshire

Gary Cooper (boxer)


The Tarte Tatin is called after the hotel which served it as its signature dish.

It is an upside-down pastry. The fruit (usually apples) are caramelized in butter and sugar before the tart is baked.

It originated in France but has spread to other countries over the years.

French food
Apple products
Desserts
Pies

Tarte Tatin


Hyperoodon (or Hyperoödon) is a genus of beaked whale, containing just two species: the Northern and Southern bottlenose whales. While not in the genus Hyperoodon, Longman's beaked whales are alternatively called tropical bottlenose whales due to their physical features resembling those of bottlenose whales.

They are considered to be molluscivorous, eating mainly squid.

References

Ziphiids

Bottlenose whale


Kevin Michael Costner (born January 18, 1955) is an American actor, producer and film director. He has received various accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

He rose to prominence starring in leading man roles in a string of critically acclaimed films such as The Untouchables (1987), Bull Durham (1988), Field of Dreams (1989), JFK (1991), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), The Bodyguard (1992), A Perfect World (1993), and Wyatt Earp (1994). During this time Costner directed and starred in the western epic Dances with Wolves (1990), for which he won two Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director. He then starred in and co-produced Waterworld (1995) and directed The Postman (1997) and Open Range (2003).

Costner's other notable films include Silverado (1985) No Way Out (1987), Tin Cup (1996), Message in a Bottle (1999), For Love of the Game (1999), Thirteen Days (2000), Mr. Brooks (2007), Swing Vote (2008), The Company Men (2010), 3 Days to Kill (2014), Draft Day (2014), Black or White (2014), McFarland, USA (2015), and The Highwaymen (2019). He has also played supporting parts in such films as The Upside of Anger (2005), Man of Steel (2013), Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), Hidden Figures (2016), Molly's Game (2017), and Let Him Go (2020).

On television, Costner portrayed Devil Anse Hatfield in the miniseries Hatfields & McCoys (2012), winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie. Since 2018, he has starred as John Dutton on the Paramount Network original drama series Yellowstone for which he received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination and a Golden Globe award.

Early life and education

Costner was born on January 18, 1955, in Lynwood, California, and grew up in Compton, California. His parents were William and Sharon Costner. He is the youngest of three boys, the second of whom died at birth. Sharon Rae Costner (née Tedrick) was a welfare worker, and William Costner was an electrician and a utilities executive. Costner's father's heritage originates with German immigrants to North Carolina in the 1700s, and Costner also has English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. Costner was raised Baptist. He was not academically inclined in school, but did play sports (especially football), take piano lessons, write poetry, and sing in the First Baptist Choir. He has said that watching the 1962 film How the West Was Won as a child inspired his love for Western films.

Costner has stated that he spent his teenage years in different parts of California as his father's career progressed. He has described this time as a period when he "lost a lot of confidence", having to make new friends often. Costner lived in Ventura, then in Visalia. Costner attended Mt. Whitney High School where he was in the marching band. Costner graduated from Villa Park High School in 1973. He played baseball at Villa Park and was teammates with Dennis Burtt. He earned a BA from California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) in 1978. While at CSUF, he became a brother in the Delta Chi fraternity.

Costner became interested in acting and dancing while in his last year of college. In 1978, while on an airplane returning from his honeymoon in Puerto Vallarta, Costner had a chance encounter with actor Richard Burton. At that time, Costner was uncertain about whether he should become an actor, and he approached Burton to ask his advice. Costner has said that Burton encouraged him to pursue acting. Costner has also stated that he asked Burton whether it was possible to be an actor without experiencing turmoil in one's private life; according to Costner, Burton replied that he thought it was possible. Costner credits Burton with inspiring him to become an actor.

Having agreed to undertake a job as a marketing executive, Costner began taking acting lessons five nights a week, with the support of his wife. His marketing job lasted 30 days. He took work which allowed him to develop his acting skills via tuition, including working on fishing boats, as a truck driver, and giving tours of stars' Hollywood homes to support the couple while he also attended auditions.

Career

1981–1986: Rise to prominence
Costner made his film debut in Sizzle Beach, U.S.A. (1981). Filmed in the winter of 1978–79, the film was not released until 1981 and re-released in 1986. The release complications and lack of documentation led many to believe that Costner's debut was in The Touch (also known as Stacy's Knights), in 1983 with Eve Lilith and Andra Millian. Costner played a minor role as "Frat Boy #1" in the Ron Howard film Night Shift (1982). He appears at the climax of a frat-style, blow-out party in the New York City morgue, when the music is suddenly stopped by a frantic Henry Winkler. Costner can be seen holding a beer and looking surprised at the sudden halt of celebration.

Costner appeared in a commercial for the Apple Lisa and Table for Five in 1983, and, the same year, had a small role in the nuclear holocaust film Testament. Later, he was cast in The Big Chill and filmed several scenes that were planned as flashbacks, but they were removed from the final cut. His role was that of Alex, the friend who committed suicide, the event that brings the rest of the cast together.  Costner was a friend of director Lawrence Kasdan, who promised the actor a role in a future project. That became Silverado (1985) and a breakout role for Costner. He also starred that year in the smaller films Fandango and American Flyers and appeared alongside Kiefer Sutherland in an hour-long special episode of Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories.

1987–1994: Stardom and acclaim

Costner achieved movie star status in 1987, when he starred as federal agent Eliot Ness in The Untouchables and in the leading role of the thriller No Way Out. He solidified his A-list status in the baseball-themed films Bull Durham (1988) and Field of Dreams (1989). In 1990, he partnered with producer Jim Wilson to form the production company Tig Productions. Tig's first film was the epic Dances with Wolves which Costner directed and starred in. This film was nominated for 12 Academy Awards and won seven, including two for him personally (Best Picture and Best Director). The same year saw the release of Revenge, in which he starred along with Anthony Quinn and Madeleine Stowe, directed by Tony Scott; Costner had wanted to direct it himself.

Costner portrayed Robin Hood in the action-adventure film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) where he also served as a producer. Costner starred alongside Alan Rickman, Morgan Freeman, and Christian Slater. The film received mixed reviews but was an immense box-office success. He then starred as District Attorney Jim Garrison in the Oliver Stone-directed political epic thriller JFK (1991). The film gained significant controversy for its historical inaccuracies but was also praised for its style, direction, and performances. Costner received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama nomination for his role. Critic Roger Ebert praised his performance writing, "As Garrison, Costner gives a measured yet passionate performance. Like a man who has hold of an idea he cannot let go, he forges ahead, insisting that there is more to the assassination than meets the eye."

He then starred opposite Whitney Houston in the romantic drama The Bodyguard (1992) where he also served as a producer. The film was a pop-culture sensation and financial success. The next year he starred as a criminal on the run in Clint Eastwood's drama A Perfect World (1993). Film critic Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "Costner seems about as pathological as a koala bear, and his gentle charisma reinforces the film's touchy-feely theme". He took the title role in the western biopic Wyatt Earp (1994), directed by Lawrence Kasdan, where he also served as a producer. That same year he starred in the drama film The War. The film also co-starred Elijah Wood. The film seemed to gain little attention.

1995–2011: Career fluctuations

The science fiction-post-apocalyptic epics Waterworld (1995) and The Postman (1997), the latter of which Costner also directed, were both commercial disappointments and both largely regarded by critics as artistic failures. However, while Waterworld achieved respectable box office and some positive reviews, results for The Postman were far worse and it ended up winning five Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture, Worst Actor and Worst Director for Costner. Costner starred in the golf comedy Tin Cup (1996) for Ron Shelton, who had previously directed him in Bull Durham. He developed the film Air Force One and was set to play the lead role of the President, but ultimately decided to concentrate on finishing The Postman instead. He personally offered the project to Harrison Ford. In 1999, he starred in Message in a Bottle  with Robin Wright, based on the novel of the same name by Nicholas Sparks. The film drew mixed reviews and just about broke even at the box office.

His career revived somewhat in 2000 with Thirteen Days, in which he portrayed Kenneth O'Donnell, a top adviser to John F. Kennedy. The western Open Range, which he directed and starred in, received critical acclaim in 2003, and was a surprise success commercially. He received some of his best reviews for his supporting role as retired professional baseball player Denny Davies in The Upside of Anger, for which he received a nomination from the Broadcast Film Critics Association and won the San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. After that, Costner starred in The Guardian and in Mr. Brooks, in which he portrayed a serial killer. In 2008, his Tig Productions company closed and was changed to Tree House Films.

In 2008, Costner starred in Swing Vote. He starred opposite Jennifer Aniston in the 2005 movie Rumour Has It. Costner was honored on September 6, 2006, when his hand and foot prints were set in concrete in front of Grauman's Chinese Theatre alongside those of other celebrated actors and entertainers. In 2010, he appeared in The Company Men alongside Ben Affleck, Tommy Lee Jones and Chris Cooper. It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival, and received good reviews. It was released in cinemas worldwide in January 2011. The film was considered to be an Oscar contender, but did not get a nomination.

Costner announced that he would be returning to the director's chair for the first time in seven years, in 2011, with A Little War of Our Own. He was also about to team up again with director Kevin Reynolds in Learning Italian. No updates have been released about either film since their original production announcement. He also appears, as a special cameo, in Funny or Die "Field of Dreams 2: NFL Lockout". Costner portrayed Jonathan Kent in the rebooted Superman film Man of Steel, directed by Zack Snyder. Costner was going to have a role in Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained, but had to drop out due to scheduling conflicts.

2012–present: Resurgence and Yellowstone

Costner portrayed Devil Anse Hatfield in the three-part miniseries Hatfields & McCoys, which premiered on May 28, 2012, on the History Channel. It broke a record by pulling 13.9 million viewers. The miniseries tells the true American story of a legendary family feud – one that spanned decades and nearly launched a war between Kentucky and West Virginia. The role earned Costner the 2012 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, the 2013 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie, and the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Limited Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television.

In 2014, Costner appeared in the spy movie Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit, as Thomas Harper, a mentor for the series' title character. The same year, he starred in the thriller 3 Days to Kill and the drama Draft Day and produced and starred in Black or White. Black or White premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival and opened in the United States in 2015. In 2015, Costner played coach Jim White in the drama film McFarland, USA, about cross-country running. In 2016, he played the fictional character Al Harrison, a NASA Space Task Group supervisor, in Hidden Figures, and in 2017, he starred with Jessica Chastain in Aaron Sorkin's directorial debut film Molly's Game. Since 2018, he has starred in and produced the television series Yellowstone, marking the first regular TV series role of his career. In 2019, Costner starred in The Art of Racing in the Rain, where he voiced Enzo the dog. It was his first voice-over film in his career.

In August 2022, Costner began production on Horizon: An American Saga, a Western epic that will be split into at least four films, each just under three hours in length. Costner plans on the films being released over a series of months. Costner will act as director of the project and said the film was proposed as an event television series. Production on the first film was expected to last at least 220 days, but was completed by November 2022. Production of the next films was underway by May 2023.

Other ventures

Country music

Costner is the singer in Kevin Costner & Modern West, a country rock band which he founded with the encouragement of his wife Christine. In October 2007, they began a worldwide tour which included shows in Istanbul and Rome. The group also performed at NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races at Daytona International Speedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina.

The band released a country album, Untold Truths, on November 11, 2008, on Universal South Records. The album peaked at No. 61 on the Billboard Top Country Albums and No. 35 on the Top Heatseekers chart. Three singles ("Superman 14", "Long Hot Night" and "Backyard") have been released to radio, although none have charted. For the single "Superman 14" a live music video was made.

In 2009, they went on tour with opening act The Alternate Routes. In August, at the Big Valley Jamboree in Camrose, Alberta, Costner and the band were scheduled next on stage when a severe thunderstorm struck, causing the stage and stands on the main stage to collapse. One person was reported dead and forty injured. Later, an auction was held to raise money for the two young sons of the woman killed. A dinner with Costner was auctioned off for $41,000. Two guitars, one autographed by Costner, helped raise another $10,000 each.

A second Kevin Costner and Modern West album, Turn It On, was released in February 2010 in Europe and was supported by a European tour. In July 2012, the band performed in Halifax, Nova Scotia, at the 20th annual Telus World Skins Game in support of the IWK Health Centre Foundation, donating a guitar autographed by Costner.

Kevin Costner has also appeared in the documentary film Country Roads by Marieke Schröder.

The most recent album released by Kevin Costner and Modern West, Tales from Yellowstone, was written by Costner and his co-writers from the perspective of John Dutton, Costner's character on the hit TV series Yellowstone. Songs from the album were featured on Season 3 of the show.

Baseball
Several of Costner's films have included a baseball theme: Chasing Dreams, Bull Durham, Field of Dreams, For Love of the Game, and The Upside of Anger, in three of which his character is a pro baseball player and one a former pro baseball player.

Costner has a home in Austin, Texas, and sometimes appears at Texas Longhorns baseball practices and games. He was a close friend of former Longhorns baseball coach Augie Garrido from Garrido's days coaching at Cal State Fullerton, Costner's alma mater. He cast Garrido to play the role of the Yankee manager in For Love of the Game. He tries to attend every College World Series game that CSUF Titans plays in Omaha, Nebraska. Costner walked-on for a try-out, but did not make the team early in his time at the university.

Costner was a partial owner of the Zion, Illinois-based Lake County Fielders independent baseball team in the North American League. The Fielders name was an homage to Field of Dreams, with the logo showing a ballplayer standing amid a field of corn. On August 12, 2021, he led the New York Yankees and Chicago White Sox onto the field prior to the MLB at Field of Dreams game held in Dyersville, Iowa and gave a short speech.

Business interests

In 1995, Costner bought a company that was developing oil separation machines based on a patent he purchased from the US government. The machines developed by the company were of little commercial interest until the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, when BP took six of the machines from a company in which Costner owned an interest, Ocean Therapy Solutions, for testing in late May 2010. On June 16, 2010, BP entered into a lease with Ocean Therapy Solutions for 32 of the oil-water separation devices. Although Spyron Contoguris and Stephen Baldwin had previously sold their interests in Ocean Therapy Solutions in mid-June to another investor in the company, they filed a lawsuit in Louisiana District Court claiming $10.64 million for securities fraud and misrepresentation. The suit claimed that Costner kept a meeting with BP secret from them, and the secret meeting resulted in an $18-million down payment on a $52 million purchase, and that after the down payment, but before any announcement, another investor used part of the down payment to buy out their shares, thus excluding them from their share of the profits from the total sale. The suit claimed that, despite public statements by Costner, Ocean Therapy Solutions, BP and others to the contrary, Baldwin and Contogouris were told that BP was still testing the machines and had not yet committed to lease the machines from Ocean Therapy Solutions and that the other investor in Ocean Therapy Solutions purchased their shares for $1.4 million to Baldwin and $500,000, to Contogouris. In June 2012, a federal jury in Louisiana deliberated for less than two hours before rejecting Baldwin's and Contogouris' claims in the multimillion-dollar oil-clean-up case, and the court ordered Baldwin and Contogouris to reimburse Costner and the other defendants in the case for their costs.

On June 6, 2004, Costner opened Tatanka: The Story of the Bison one mile south of Deadwood, South Dakota, on U.S. Route 85, saying he hoped it would be an educational and emotional place for people to learn about America's westward expansion. Promoters stated in a news release that the $5-million attraction had a new, 3,800-square-foot interactive center featuring exhibits, retail, and food and beverage areas, as well as offices and a small theater. The visitor center features graphics and text about the bison and the relationship of the Plains Indians to the animals - historically hunting and now raising them for food and clothing, among other things. The centerpiece is a bronze sculpture depicting a buffalo jump by Hill City artist Peggy Detmers, depicting 14 bronze bison in the act of running from their pursuers and three bronze Lakota riders on horseback. Three of the massive bison are posed in midair, cascading over the face of a cliff. Costner commissioned the work in 1994 from Detmers. The five-fourths-scale bronzes, each weighing between 2,500 and 8,000 pounds, were cast at Eagle Bronze Foundry in Lander, Wyoming.

Costner opened the Midnight Star Casino and Restaurant in Deadwood, S.D., in 1991. He hired Francis and Carla Caneva to manage the establishment and gave each of them a 3.25 percent ownership and paid them salaries and bonuses. He terminated their employment in July 2004 and asked to agree to an amicable disassociation. When they declined, Costner dissolved the partnership and hired an accountant who determined its fair market value to be $3.1 million. The Canevas sued Costner to buy their shares based on twice that amount or sell the company on the open market. They won in the lower court but, on Costner's appeal, lost in the South Dakota Supreme Court. Costner closed the establishment in 2017 and sold it in 2020.

In 2020, Costner joined Woody Sears's new audio entertainment travel app, HearHere, as a co-founder, podcast narrator, and investor. Costner narrates some of the audio stories provided by the iPhone subscription app for travelers on road trips across the United States who want to hear about the people, places, and histories they are encountering on their travels.

Philanthropy
Costner serves on an honorary board for the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. In spring 2011, he recorded two radio spots for the museum that were aired on Kansas City Royals Radio Network.

NASCAR
Costner was named ceremonial Grand Marshal of the NASCAR Cup Series' Auto Club 500 which took place on February 25, 2007, at the California Speedway. In 2008, he worked with the NASCAR Media Group and CMT Films to help produce the NASCAR Documentary The Ride of Their Lives which was released in December of that year. Costner would be the narrator for that documentary. Also in 2009, he was named the spokesman for NASCAR Day which took place on May 15. The next day, May 16, he and his country music band would perform in the infield of Charlotte Motor Speedway as well as participate as a judge in the 2nd annual Victory Challenge before the 25th Running of the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race.

Writing
In 2015, Costner co-authored The Explorer's Guild: A Passage to Shambhala, a hybrid adventure novel and graphic novel, with John Baird, researcher Stephen C. Meyer, and illustrator Rick Ross.

Costner has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss' book Tools of Titans.

Personal life

Relationships
In 1975, while in college, Costner started dating fellow student Cindy Silva, and they married three years later. During their marriage, they had two daughters born in 1984 and 1986, and a son born in 1988. The couple divorced in 1994 after 16 years of marriage, due to Costner allegedly having an affair while on the set of Waterworld. Cindy Silva received an $80 million settlement.

Following his divorce, he had a brief relationship with Bridget Rooney, whom he had a son with in 1996. He then dated political activist Birgit Cunningham. In 1996, he lived with supermodel Elle Macpherson.

On September 25, 2004, Costner married his girlfriend of four years, model and handbag designer Christine Baumgartner, at his ranch in Aspen, Colorado. They have two sons born in 2007 and 2009, and a daughter born in 2010. In May 2023, Baumgartner filed for divorce. They finalized their divorce on September 19, 2023.

Political activism
Early in his life, Costner was a Republican. He was both a supporter and friend of Ronald Reagan, frequently playing golf with the former president. He eventually switched his affiliation in the early 1990s. Since 1992, Costner has financially supported a variety of Democratic politicians, including Al Gore and Tom Daschle, but also made contributions to Republican Phil Gramm as late as 1995.

In 2008, he said publicly that he had no ambition to run for political office, adding "I've lived quite a colorful life". In the final days before that year's United States presidential election, Costner campaigned for Barack Obama, visiting various places in Colorado, where he has a home. In his speech, Costner stated the need for young voters to get to the polls, early and with enthusiasm. "We were going to change the world and we haven't", Costner said at a Colorado State University rally. "My generation didn't get it done, and we need you to help us".

In October 2014, Costner sent a tribute to British troops serving around the world thanking them for their work.

On December 22, 2019, Costner endorsed Democratic presidential candidate Pete Buttigieg at a rally in Indianola, Iowa. Later, Costner supported Democratic candidate Joe Biden. Costner narrated a commercial for J. D. Scholten, a Democrat running for the U.S. House of Representatives from . For the 2022 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming, Costner endorsed Republican Liz Cheney for reelection.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Over Costner's career he has received numerous accolades including two Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director Dances with Wolves (1990). He received three Golden Globe Awards for Dances with Wolves, Hatfields & McCoys (2012) and Yellowstone (2023). He also received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Honors

Bibliography
Dances with Wolves: The Illustrated Screenplay and Story Behind the Film Kevin Costner (1991)
The Explorers Guild: Volume One: A Passage to Shambhala (2015)

References

External links

 Kevin Costner interview on KVUE in 1987 about The Untouchables from Texas Archive of the Moving Image

1955 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Actors from Orange County, California
American country singer-songwriters
American film directors
American film producers
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of English descent
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scottish descent
American people of Welsh descent
Audiobook narrators
Baptists from California
Best Directing Academy Award winners
Best Director Golden Globe winners
Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners
César Honorary Award recipients
California Democrats
California State University, Fullerton alumni
Country musicians from California
Directors Guild of America Award winners
Film directors from California
Film producers from California
Golden Globe Award-winning producers
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from Greater Los Angeles
Male Western (genre) film actors
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Compton, California
People from Lynwood, California
Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award
Show Dog-Universal Music artists
Singer-songwriters from California
Western (genre) film directors
American sports owners

Kevin Costner


Edward IV, Parts 1 and 2 is a two-part Elizabethan history play centring on the personal life of King Edward IV of England. It was published without an author's name attached, but is often attributed to Thomas Heywood, perhaps writing with collaborators.

Publication history
The two parts were entered into the Stationers' Register together on 28 August 1599, and were published together later that year in a quarto issued by the bookseller John Oxenbridge.  The title page of the first edition states that the play was acted by "the Earl of Derby his servants". A second quarto was released in 1600 by Oxenbridge and Humphrey Lownes. The play was popular, and was reprinted in 1605, 1613, 1619, and 1626. All of the early quartos were anonymous; Heywood was first connected with the plays by Francis Kirkman in his 1661 play list.

Plot
The central character in the play is Jane Shore, the king's mistress. The historical events of the reign of Edward IV form a background, involving "the bastard Faulconbridge," the "Tanner of Tamworth," and other figures of the era. The play draws material from the 1587 edition of Holinshed's Chronicles.

The play shows Edward wooing Jane, Jane struggling with the morality of accepting the king's offers, but using her influence to grant pardons to those wrongfully punished. In the end she expresses regret for her relationship with Edward. After Edward's death she is cast out by the new king Richard III. In this version of events, Jane is reconciled with her husband right before dying. They are buried together in a ditch which is named "Shores Ditch, as in the memory of them". This is supposed to be the origin of the name Shoreditch.

Author
The play has often been attributed to Heywood; the normally cautious W. W. Greg regarded it as "undoubtedly Heywood's" — though the rarely cautious F. G. Fleay demurred. Some scholars have dated the play as early as 1594; others have favored a date toward the end of that decade. The records of theatre manager Philip Henslowe show that Henry Chettle and John Day were working on a play about Jane Shore in May 1603 for Worcester's Men, the company with which Heywood was associated at the time. A play on Jane Shore was popular in the first decade of the 17th century, and is mentioned in The Knight of the Burning Pestle (1607) and Pimlico or Run Red-Cap (1609). In Part 1 of Edward IV, Act III scene ii, is a three-part song about the Battle of Agincourt that strongly resembles Michael Drayton's The Ballad of Agincourt — and Drayton was a regular writer for Henslowe c. 1600 and frequently collaborated with Chettle and others. All of these facts and factors, taken together, suggest that Edward IV was composed by Heywood, perhaps with other Henslowe house dramatists, and perhaps revised over a span of years by various hands.

Performances
In 1607, a company of English actors touring Austria were at the archducal court of Graz; on 19 November they performed, for Archduke Ferdinand II and his duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria, a play called The King of England and the Goldsmith's Wife — which might have been Edward IV.

References

English Renaissance plays
1590s plays
Cultural depictions of English monarchs
Plays set in the 15th century
Plays set in England
Cultural depictions of Edward IV of England
Biographical plays about English royalty
Plays by Thomas Heywood

Edward IV (play)


Valentino is a 1977 American British biographical drama movie directed by Ken Russell and starring Rudolf Nureyev, Leslie Caron, Seymour Cassel, Carol Kane, Michelle Phillips, Penelope Milford. It was distributed by United Artists.

Other websites

1977 drama movies
1970s biographical movies
1970s LGBT movies
1970s British drama movies
British biographical movies
British LGBT movies
1970s American drama movies
American biographical movies
American LGBT movies
Movies directed by Ken Russell
Movies set in California
Movies set in the 1910s
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies about actors

Valentino (1977 movie)


Doctors Lake is a body of water located off the St. Johns River in Clay County, Florida.  Despite its name, it is not a true lake, as it is actually an inlet, openly connected to the St. Johns.  Because of the estuarine nature of the St. Johns, Doctors Lake is itself somewhat brackish.

Many docks border the lake for recreational activity such as boating, fishing and waterskiing. To the south, the lake splits in half into two small creeks that flow from swampland.

History
Zephaniah Kingsley originally owned much of the land around Doctors Lake, and established the Laurel Grove Plantation there in the early 1800s.  Kingsley captained a ship in the West Indies and was absent from the plantation much of the time.  An overseer was left in charge of his 100 or so slaves, while the plantation's house was looked after by a 13-year-old slave girl, Anta Madjiguene Ndiaye, who Kingsley had purchased in Havana in 1806.  Kingsley later married the girl and had four children.  The community at the north end of the inlet to Doctors Lake is today named "Laurel Grove", while "Kingsley" is a major street in nearby Orange Park.

Geography
Doctors Lake has an area of 13 mi2 (34 km2). It is linked to the St. Johns River by Doctors Inlet. U.S. Route 17 crosses the inlet between Orange Park and rural Clay County. To the north is Orange Park, bordering to the west is Lakeside, and to the east is Jacksonville, Florida.

See also
List of lakes of the St. Johns River
St. Johns River
Jacksonville, Florida

References

External links

Lakes of Florida
Lakes of Clay County, Florida
Geography of Jacksonville, Florida
Tributaries of the St. Johns River
Zephaniah Kingsley

Doctors Lake (Florida)


In Bayesian inference, plate notation is a method of representing variables that repeat in a graphical model.  Instead of drawing each repeated variable individually, a plate or rectangle is used to group variables into a subgraph that repeat together, and a number is drawn on the plate to represent the number of repetitions of the subgraph in the plate.  The assumptions are that the subgraph is duplicated that many times, the variables in the subgraph are indexed by the repetition number, and any links that cross a plate boundary are replicated once for each subgraph repetition.

Example

In this example, we consider Latent Dirichlet allocation, a Bayesian network that models how documents in a corpus are topically related.  There are two variables not in any plate; α is the parameter of the uniform Dirichlet prior on the per-document topic distributions, and β is the parameter of the uniform Dirichlet prior on the per-topic word distribution.

The outermost plate represents all the variables related to a specific document, including , the topic distribution for document i.  The M in the corner of the plate indicates that the variables inside are repeated M times, once for each document.  The inner plate represents the variables associated with each of the  words in document i:  is the topic distribution for the jth word in document i, and  is the actual word used.

The N in the corner represents the repetition of the variables in the inner plate  times, once for each word in document i.  The circle representing the individual words is shaded, indicating that each  is observable, and the other circles are empty, indicating that the other variables are latent variables.  The directed edges between variables indicate dependencies between the variables: for example, each  depends on  and β.

Extensions

A number of extensions have been created by various authors to express more information than simply the conditional relationships.  However, few of these have become standard.  Perhaps the most commonly used extension is to use rectangles in place of circles to indicate non-random variables—either parameters to be computed, hyperparameters given a fixed value (or computed through empirical Bayes), or variables whose values are computed deterministically from a random variable.

The diagram on the right shows a few more non-standard conventions used in some articles in Wikipedia (e.g. variational Bayes):
Variables that are actually random vectors are indicated by putting the vector size in brackets in the middle of the node.
Variables that are actually random matrices are similarly indicated by putting the matrix size in brackets in the middle of the node, with commas separating row size from column size.
Categorical variables are indicated by placing their size (without a bracket) in the middle of the node.
Categorical variables that act as "switches", and which pick one or more other random variables to condition on from a large set of such variables (e.g. mixture components), are indicated with a special type of arrow containing a squiggly line and ending in a T junction.
Boldface is consistently used for vector or matrix nodes (but not categorical nodes).

Software implementation
Plate notation has been implemented in various TeX/LaTeX drawing packages, but also as part of graphical user interfaces to Bayesian statistics programs such as BUGS and BayesiaLab.

References

Graphical models
Bayesian networks
Mathematical notation

Plate notation


A tracing wheel, also known as a pattern wheel, pounce wheel, and dart wheel, is an instrument with multiple teeth on a wheel attached to a handle. The teeth can be either serrated or smooth. It is used to transfer markings from sewing patterns onto fabric with or without the use of tracing paper, and can be used to make slotted perforations. Such markings might include pleats, darts, buttonholes, notches or placement lines for appliques or pockets.

The double tracing wheel has two parallel wheels that can be positioned a variable distance apart. This tool can be used to transfer parallel pattern lines onto fabric, such as both the cutting line and the sewing line, where the distance between them is the seam allowance.

See also
 Pattern notcher
 Wartenberg wheel
 Pouncing

References

External links

Sewing equipment
Tools

Tracing wheel


Peter Suhrkamp (full name Johann Heinrich Suhrkamp; 28 March 1891, Hatten – 31 March 1959, Frankfurt) was a German publisher and founder of the Suhrkamp Verlag.

Early years
Suhrkamp was a farmer's son from Kirchhatten, some  south-east of Oldenburg.

The house where he was born is still standing: in the town hall at Kirchhatten there is a bust of him by Johannes Cernota (2012) as well as a portrait, while a few of his works are exhibited at the local library.

As a young man Suhrkamp was a candidate for the priesthood at the Evangelical seminary in Oldenburg.   Like many of his generation, in 1914 he volunteered for the army where he would serve as an infantryman and as a Battalion Patrol Leader. For his contribution as an Assault Troop leader he won the Knight's Cross of the Royal Order of Hohenzollern, awarded "with swords, for particular bravery".   Nevertheless, his experiences on the frontline led him to a nervous breakdown.   After the war he studied Literature and linguistics at, successively, Heidelberg, Frankfurt and Munich. During his studies he also worked as a teacher at the Odenwald School, a private boarding school in Heppenheim and at the prestigious Wickersdorf Free School Community.

From 1921 to 1925 Suhrkamp worked as dramatic adviser and director at the Landestheater Darmstadt. Between 1925 and 1929 he returned to teaching at the Wickersdorf Free School Community where he had earlier worked while a student.   He finally gave up teaching in 1929 and relocated to Berlin where he worked as a freelancer with the Berliner Tageblatt (BT), a leading liberal newspaper of the time, also working on the monthly magazine "Uhu" which was produced by the same publisher as the BT.   During this time he was married three times: to Ida Plöger, a teacher, from 1913–1918, to Irmgard Caroline Lehmann from 1919–1923 and, more briefly, in 1923/24 to the opera singer, Fanny Cleve.

The publisher
In 1932 he joined the S. Fischer Verlag (a well established publishing house), initially as editor of the Neue Rundschau, a literary magazine. In 1933 he joined the company's board.   In 1935 he married Annemarie Seidel, who had started a career as an actress but been obliged to retire on health grounds. A year later the S. Fischer Verlag company was split when Gottfried Bermann Fischer moved (initially) to Vienna, taking part of the business with him.   Part of the business had to remain in Germany, being purchased by Peter Suhrkamp, who would continue to lead it till he was accused of high treason and arrested by the Gestapo in April 1944.   The legal process continued till early in 1945, when he was placed in "protective custody" (a euphemism then much in vogue in Germany) in the concentration camp at Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg.   Two weeks later, suffering from a serious lung disease, he was released.   Several celebrities from the world of culture and the arts had approached members of the Führer's inner circle, to urge Suhrkamp's release.   These included the sculptor Arno Breker who had intervened with Albert Speer,  the writer Gerhart Hauptmann who had invoked support from Baldur von Schirach, and the writer Hans Carossa who had approached Ernst Kaltenbrunner.

After the German surrender, Suhrkamp received, on 8 October 1945, the first publishing license from the British Military Government in Berlin and began the rebuilding of the company. He cooperated with Bermann Fischer (who had operated as a publisher during the war in New York City), publishing some of his authors, under Licence, in Germany.   Suhrkamp and Fischer discussed a reintegration of the two businesses that had split when the political situation had obliged Fisher to leave Germany back in 1936.   There was talk of refounding S. Fischer Verlag in Frankfurt am Main. In due course Fischer was re-established in Frankfurt, but there was a rift between Fischer and Suhrkamp over the future of the business.   Following an out-of-court settlement, it was Bermann Fischer who recovered the Frankfurt publishing business that carried his name and Peter Suhrkamp who left to establish, in 1950, his own publishing house,  Suhrkamp Verlag.

Suhrkamp Verlag
The creation of the "new" Suhrkamp Verlag owed much to the initiative of Hermann Hesse who provided encouragement and moral support, and was also able to provide valuable contacts with investors, notably the Swiss Reinhart family. Authors who had remained with Fischer Verlag during the Nazi years were given a free choice as to whether to stay with the existing business, now under Bermann Fischer, or have their future works published by Peter Suhrkamp's new concern.   In the end, 33 of the 48 authors in question, including Bertolt Brecht and Hermann Hesse, switched to Suhrkamp Verlag.   Suhrkamp's fourth marriage was lasting better than the first three, and his wife Annemarie Seidel also joined the firm, working as an editor and translator.

Public recognition followed the commercial success of Suhrkamp Verlag, and in 1956 Suhrkamp received the Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt.   Honorary membership of the German Academy for Language and Literature (itself still less than ten years old) followed in 1957.

Island retreat in the north
Suhrkamp was an enthusiastic visitor to the Island of Sylt where his wife had retained a villa following the ending of her marriage to the wealthy (Dutch by origin) musicologist Anthony van Hoboken.   (Annemairie remained on friendly terms with her first husband.)   The villa had been constructed in 1929 directly on the Wadden Sea.   In the years immediately following the war the Suhrkamps entertained eminent guests here, such as Max Frisch.   However, in 1953 the holiday villa was sold to the energetic newspaper magnate Axel Springer and his wife for 45,000 Marks: Surhkamp invested his windfall in the German language publishing rights for Marcel Proust's works.

Achievements
Authors published by Suhkamp included Theodor W. Adorno, Samuel Beckett, Bertolt Brecht, T. S. Eliot, Max Frisch, Ernst Penzoldt, Rudolf Alexander Schröder, Martin Walser and Carl Zuckmayer.   A small insight into his personal relationships with "his" authors comes in his volume Briefe an die Autoren ("Letters to the authors")   Suhrkamp also tried his hand at authorship and at translation.   His Bibliothek Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp Library) series was the first such series to feature works of twentieth century literature that combined literary merit with the new scientific spirit of the age.   The "Suhrkamp culture" was vigorously underwritten by Siegfried Unseld who joined as the publisher's senior editor in 1951 and, after Suhrkamp died in 1959, succeeded him as publisher in chief and sole owner of the business.

Death
Peter Suhrkamp died in Frankfurt's University Clinic.   He was cremated and his ashes were conserved in a suitable container on the Island of Sylt, at the church of St. Severin in Keitum.   Suhrkamp had mandated in his hand-written will that his ashes were to be scattered in the North Sea from the coast of Sylt, but it turned out that this was against the rules.   The placing of the urn containing his ashes in an aperture in the wall of the church cemetery was organised by Siegfried Unseld.   Peter Suhrkamp died one or two days before his divorce from Annemarie was scheduled to take place.   The marriage had been affected by Annemarie's alcoholism in its final years and the divorce had been agreed upon between the parties by the time of Peter Suhrkamp's death.   Peter Suhrkamp predeceased his 91-year-old mother, but only by fourteen days.   Their mother-son relationship has been described as an "ambivalent non-relationship" ("ambivalente Nicht-Beziehung").

Reading list (in German)
 Gottfried Bermann Fischer: "Bedroht – Bewahrt. Weg eines Verlegers", S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1967. Neuauflage 1994.
 Siegfried Unseld (Hrsg.): In memoriam Peter Suhrkamp. Privatdruck für die Freunde des Verlages, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main o. J. (1959); darin enthalten (S. 157–163: Vorläufige Bibliographie v. Helene Ritzerfeld)
 Siegfried Unseld: Peter Suhrkamp. Zur Biographie eines Verlegers in Daten, Dokumenten und Bildern, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004,
 Siegfried Unseld (Hrsg.): Hermann Hesse – Peter Suhrkamp. Briefwechsel 1945–1959, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1969
 Wolfgang Schopf (Hrsg.): "So müßte ich ein Engel und kein Autor sein". Adorno und seine Frankfurter Verleger. Der Briefwechsel mit Peter Suhrkamp und Siegfried Unseld, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2003,

References

External links

German publishers (people)
1959 deaths
1891 births

Peter Suhrkamp


or  is a Japanese slang term for Akihabara style. Akihabara is a district in Chiyoda, Tokyo where many otaku—or obsessive fans of anime, manga, idol, and video games —gather.

Definition
Akiba-kei is a Japanese slang term meaning "Akihabara style".  It dates back to the early 80s and refers to a subculture of otaku that spend a significant amount of time in and around the Akihabara area of Tokyo and are known for their strong interest in "fantasy worlds...anime, manga, maids, idols, and games". Akiba-kei have also been characterized as being "interested in ruminating about domestic items and creating fan works based on these existing elements."

Location
The Akihabara area in central Tokyo is known as a marketplace of technology. It has ties to the Japanese video game industry, as well as to anime and manga publishers.

Akiba-kei frequently open their own shops in Akihabara. Most of these shops are run by Akiba-kei in cosplay, who may claim that such attire is the rule for them rather than the exception. The shops offer a wide variety of goods and services: some sell model or ornamental weaponry; others are modeled after antique reading rooms; and still others sell quirky or innovative foodstuffs.

In popular culture
Within Japan's larger popular culture, Akiba-kei, for the most part, belong to an older generation well-versed in the history of Akihabara before it ever became a center of pop culture. Some of them, affectionately known as "Akiba historians", have worked in and around the Akihabara area for decades and witnessed firsthand the changes the area went through. In addition to running shops and participating in Akiba-kei culture, they may also be fonts of knowledge about Akihabara and its environs.

In early 2008, a project was undertaken to attempt to merge some aspects of Akiba-kei culture with Shibuya-kei, Japan's "super-chic internationalist music, fashion, interior, and design movement" that began in Japan in the 1990s. In writing about this project, W. David Marx of Diamond Agency's culture blog observed:

Akiba-kei Idol

Akiba-kei idols are Japanese idols representing Akihabara style. The activities of Akiba-kei idols were started by women influenced by the style of underground idols created by Aoi Mizuno.

In the 1990s, Akihabara was developing into a neighborhood centered on male otaku interests. However, there were a few women who liked Akihabara, including Haruko Momoi, "the Queen of Akihabara" and Mizuno. Mizuno, who made her debut before Haruko Momoi, started her activities as an underground idol by cosplaying as Shiori Fujisaki. Momoi is the first known Akiba-kei idol. Beginning her activities in 1996, Haruko Momoi is still very early in the life cycle of her activity. The tarento Shoko Nakagawa is also an Akiba-kei idol in Japan, starting her activities in 2001. The female idol group AKB48, one of Japan's highest selling contemporary musical acts, runs its own theater in Akihabara, from which the group's name is derived. Another female idol group Dempagumi.inc is composed entirely of performers claiming to be otaku of some genre. By the time of Dempagumi.inc, formed in 2009, the number of Akiba-kei idols had increased considerably.

With the spread of otaku culture, it is no longer necessary to distinguish this place by name, since Akiba-kei is becoming a dead language. Some artists who were called Akiba-kei idols in the past are performing works beyond the framework of Akiba-kei.

See also

 Geek chic
 Hikikomori
 Otaku

References

Japanese words and phrases
Akihabara

Akiba-kei


Fritaja (Croatian) or frtalja (Slovenian; egg omelettes) is a Mediterranean Croatian and Slovenian dish. Both are specialties in Istria and north from Trieste in Goriška Brda and in Soča and Vipava Valleys. They are especially common in the springtime, as at that time there are many plants and vegetables such as wild asparagus, wild hops, herbs as fennel, mint, feverfew and chicory, tomatoes, young garlic sprouts and spices available to add to egg and some other ingredients, as small parts of old bread. Fritaje are many times prepared throughout the year with ham, mushrooms, sausages, bacon, white or red wine. The quantity of ingredients is never exactly defined.

Both the Croatian and Slovenian names come from the Venetian word fritaia, which means "fried".

Variants
A similar dish, also known as fritaja or frtalja, is also popular in western Slovenia (Slovene Littoral); here, the asparagus variant is known, but different herbs are also added.

See also
 Frittata, a similar dish from Italy
 Tortilla española, a similar dish from Spain

References

Croatian cuisine
Egg dishes
Omelettes
Slovenian cuisine

Fritaja


Andrew Littleton Sihler (born 25 February 1941 in Seattle) is an American linguist and comparative Indo-Europeanist.

Biography
Sihler received his Bachelor of Arts cum laude in 1962 from Harvard College, where he studied Germanic languages, literature, and linguistics.  He earned his Master of Arts from Yale in 1965. Taking his doctorate in 1967, Sihler trained in general linguistics but with a concentration in historical-comparative linguistics — Indo-European in particular — studying under Warren Cowgill and Stanley Insler, among others. Upon graduation, he joined the faculty of the Department of Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, from which he retired in the spring of 1999.

Sihler has contributed to Indo-European linguistics by showing that Edgerton's Law (an extension of Sievers' Law) is untenable when all the evidence is taken into account. In addition, he has written a comparative grammar of Greek and Latin intended to replace the one written by Carl Darling Buck some sixty years previously.

Andrew's brother William W. Sihler is a professor of finance in the Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia. The Sihler brothers are the grandnephews of Ernest Gottlieb Sihler and great-grandsons of Wilhelm Sihler. Gottlieb was a classics scholar whose works show little interest in historical linguistics. Wilhelm's university training was in philosophy, though he early was drawn to theology instead. He published short works on a variety of subjects.

Major works
New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (Oxford University Press, 1995; )
Language History: An Introduction (John Benjamins, 2000; )
Edgerton's Law: The Phantom Evidence (Carl Winter, 2006; )

References

Linguists from the United States
Linguists of Indo-European languages
American people of German descent
Harvard College alumni
Yale University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
1941 births
Living people

Andrew Sihler


Bradyspory is the gradual release of seed from a cone or fruit over a long period of time, as opposed to tachyspory, the more-or-less immediate release of seed as soon as they have matured.

Bradyspory may occur because seed release is spontaneous but very gradual, or because seed release does not occur until triggered to do so by some environmental event. The latter case is termed serotiny.

Plant physiology

Bradyspory


SS-Heimatschutz Slowakei (HS) was an auxiliary military formation within the Waffen-SS in Slovakia during World War II.

Founding
From 1943, the agents of the Deutsche Partei of the Slovakian Germans, sent news of partisan activities in Slovakia to Germany. In the summer of 1944, these reports were becoming more common and more specific about the activities of partisans in Eastern and Central Slovakia. On July 25, 1944, a meeting of Slovak German leaders was held in Bratislava. Here, Franz Karmasin called for the establishment of a paramilitary organization in the Slovak state. On August 19, 1944 Karmas sent a summary report to Heinrich Himmler in which he stated that the situation in Slovakia was becoming critical, not only because of frequent partisan activities but also because of the division and weakness of the Slovak forces. Karmasin also informed Himmler that the Germans in Slovakia had begun to set up the Heimatschutz (HS), an armed organization under the command of  Ferdinand Klug, head of the Freiwillige Schutzstaffel (FS), with the agreement of the German Embassy.

Tasks and Activities
The main task of Heimatschutz was to protect the German minority in Slovakia against possible partisan attacks, so they started arming their members. Karmasin's plan failed however because the Slovak national uprising exploded earlier than expected on August 29, 1944, and in some cases the weapons intended for arming the Heimatschutz members were seized by the partisans. At the beginning of September, 1944, the training of members of the HS armed organization began, involving the 8,000 male Germans in Slovakia. At the time of the uprising, Heimatschutz units were under the command of SS-Obergruppenführer Gottlob Berger. Following the outbreak of the uprising, armed units of the HS were strengthened and in many cases committed crimes against the Slovak civilian population. There were campaigns against the partisans hiding in the mountains and in the forests. After the collapse of the Slovak national uprising, in November 1944, the Heimatschutz, together with SS units and the Hlinka Guard, they embarked on a campaign of terror.

Establishment and Activities
In March 1945, the Heimatschutz armed forces were reorganized and the SS-Heimatschutz "Slowakei" unit was set up under SS-Obersturmbannführer Hans Thumser. The commander of the SS-Heimatschutz "Slowakei" was Colonel Rudolf Pilfousek, formerly an officer of the Czechoslovak Army, who later participated in the campaign against the Soviet Union as an officer of the Slovakian army, and joined the SS in 1944 as SS-Standartenführer. Pilfousek was directly responsible to   SS-Obergruppenführer Gottlob Berger. SS-Heimatschutz's "Slowakei" operations were not long-lived, its combat activity was not significant and its members had a low level of combat morale.

Sources
 Kováč, Dušan: Nemecko a nemecká menšina na Slovensku, 1871–1945, Bratislava, Veda, 1991
 Kováč, Dušan: History of Slovakia, Bratislava, Kalligram, 2011
 Steinweis, Alan E. - Rogers, Daniel E .: The Impact of Nazism: New Perspectives on the Third Reich and Its Legacy, 2003

Military units and formations of the Waffen-SS
1944 establishments in Slovakia
1945 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
The Holocaust in Slovakia

SS-Heimatschutz Slowakei


Soar Automotive (officially Qingdao SOAR Automotive Group, Ltd.) () is a Chinese motor vehicle manufacturing company headquartered in Qingdao. It is specialized in coach building bespoke vehicles including ambulances, police cars, funeral hearses, limousines, courtesy buses and special military vehicles.

Soar was formed in 1991 through the merger of a number of Qingdao-based automotive companies and has produced automobiles since 2001.

Operations
The Soar corporate campus in Qingdao includes 40,000 square meters of buildings. Around 80 engineers and 180 other professional staff are based at the site.

Products

Soar's products include specialised military vehicles, patient transport vehicles, funeral hearses, bespoke luxury cars, exhibition vehicles and other vehicles for special use.

Soar's early vehicles included the Saint Horse, an open-top fire-fighting vehicle in a 1920s retro style, and a courtesy bus produced under license from Asquith Mascot Courtesy Bus. Based on the Ford Transit chassis, the third model was the idiosyncratic Shengma camper van.

Since late 2008, Soar has produced a reinterpretation of the Rolls-Royce Phantom V, based on the platform of the Brilliance BS6. It is powered by a Mitsubishi 2.4 litre four-cylinder engine which generates 100 kW and 200 nm.

In addition, Soar produces a retro-style funeral hearse based on the platform of the Brilliance BS4, and a luxury car also based on the BS4 named SOAR 1 single.

References

Further reading

External links
Official Website (Chinese)

Car manufacturers of China
Bus manufacturers of China
Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Qingdao
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1991
Chinese brands

Soar Automotive


Scaddan is a small town in Western Australia located  east of Perth situated just off the Coolgardie-Esperance Highway between Norseman and Esperance in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.

The area was originally known as Thirty Mile, because of its distance from Esperance. The British settled the area before 1914 and were commonly using the name Scaddan at around that time. The name of the post office was changed from Thirty Mile to Scaddan in 1915 and by 1916 a school and hall had been built in the town. The government delayed declaring the town until the route of the Norseman-Esperance railway was settled. The townsite was finally gazetted in 1924.

The town is named after John "Happy Jack" Scaddan, the premier of Western Australia from 1911 to 1916 and a prominent advocate of the Esperance railway.

References

Shire of Esperance

Scaddan, Western Australia


Murfie is a commercial music streaming service originally based in Madison, Wisconsin. Murfie members buy, sell, and trade compact discs and stream or download their contents. Additionally, members can digitize and store CDs and LPs they sent from home to Murfie.

Murfie was featured in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Fast Company, Time magazine, and National Public Radio.

In 2012, Murfie became a member of Techstars. In 2014, Murfie announced they had lossless FLAC streaming available on Sonos devices. In November 2019, Murfie ceased operations, until January 2020 when the site's assets were acquired by Crossies LLC. John Fenley is the owner of both Murfie and Crossies.

When Murfie was shut down, disks were not returned. After accusation, Crossies committed to the project of returning collections to those who had entrusted the Madison company with their music. An LLC set up after Murfie dissolved has been trying to return discs to customers. About 150,000 discs have been requested from a warehouse that is holding around 750,000, according to an email update from Murfie Customer Returns Service LLC, an independent organization set up to help customers get their music back.

References

External links

Companies based in Madison, Wisconsin
Companies based in Arkansas
Music streaming services
2019 disestablishments in Arkansas
American companies disestablished in 2019

Murfie


was a Japanese archaeologist and a professor at Beppu University in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. He committed suicide by hanging himself on March 9, 2001, as a result of the Japanese Paleolithic hoax.

Life
Kagawa majored in archeology, with a focus in the Japanese Paleolithic period. In 1962 he led an excavation at the Hijiridaki cave site (聖嶽洞窟遺跡) in Ōita Prefecture. The team claimed that they discovered ancient human bones and stone tools dating back to the Paleolithic era, but later in 1999 other researchers questioned this conclusion and argued that the claim could not be proven. In a series of articles  by the Japanese magazine Bungeishunjū published on January 25, February 1 and March 15, 2001, it was alleged that the stone tools discovered at the site were fabrication and indicated Kagawa had been involved in that hoax. He committed suicide and left a suicide note to proclaim his innocence.

His family filed a defamation suit against Shūkan Bunshun the same year. The Ōita district Court and the Fukuoka High Court ordered the magazine to pay the damages and issue an apology to the family of Kagawa. The magazine appealed to the Supreme Court although the appeal was rejected in September 2004. An apology statement was published on September 2, 2004, issue.

On October 25, 2003, a project team from the Japanese Archaeological Association stated that they could not find any evidence to make judgments whether there was a fabrication or not.

See also
 Shinichi Fujimura
 Japanese Paleolithic hoax
CiNii

References

External links
 別府大学・別府大学短期大学部ホームページ, Beppu University

Japanese archaeologists
Suicides by hanging in Japan
1923 births
2001 suicides
20th-century archaeologists
2001 deaths

Mitsuo Kagawa


Pierre Ancelin (October 25, 1934 – December 19, 2001) was a French composer.

Life
Born in Cannes, Ancelin studied pedagogy and music history at the conservatories of Aix-en-Provence and Marseille, then followed the course of aesthetics of Olivier Messiaen in Paris.

He was mostly self-taught in composition and orchestration, although he followed the advice of Ernest Ansermet and Frank Martin. From 1963, he worked regularly in French literature and various music magazines abroad.

In 1975, he founded the UNCM (National Union of Composers of Music) with Andre Jolivet, Daniel Lesur and Henri Sauguet. He presided over the union until 2000.

Musical organisations
Ancelin was appointed inspector general of music at the city of Paris in 1978 by Marcel Landowski. He was also behind other groups in favor of music, such as the European Union of Composers (1992), the French Society of Contemporary Music, and Music Action Philip Morris. At the latter, he presided a commission comprising, among others, Sauguet, Landowski, Rolf Liebermann, and Gabriel Bacquier, charged with discovering and promoting young French interpreters, as well as the creation and dissemination of French works, both in France and abroad.

References

1934 births
2001 deaths
People from Cannes
20th-century classical composers
Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
French male classical composers
French opera composers
Male opera composers
French composers of sacred music
French choral conductors
French male conductors (music)
20th-century French composers
20th-century French conductors (music)
20th-century French male musicians

Pierre Ancelin


Sarunyoo Wongkrachang (17 October 1960 – 10 June 2020) was a Thai actor, director, screenwriter, singer, producer, activist and host. He was born in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. He was known for starring as Lord Jom Rajasena in Ong Bak 2 (2008) and Ong Bak 3 (2010) and as Surachi in 13 Beloved (2006). He also directed and wrote Kon Khon (2011).

Wongkrachang died on 10 June 2020 of liver cancer at a hospital in Bangkok, aged 59.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
Thai actors
Thai singers
Movie directors
Movie producers
Screenwriters
Thai activists
Television presenters

Sarunyoo Wongkrachang