is a run and gun video game developed by SNK. It was originally released in 2000 for the Neo-Geo MVS arcade platform as the sequel to Metal Slug 2/Metal Slug X. The music of the game was developed by Noise Factory.

The game was ported to the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android, Wii, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, and Nintendo Switch.

The game adds several features to the gameplay of the original Metal Slug and Metal Slug 2, such as weapons and vehicles, as well as introducing branching paths into the series. It received generally positive reviews.

Gameplay

The gameplay mechanics are the same as in previous Metal Slug games; the player must shoot constantly at a continual stream of enemies in order to reach the end of each level. At this point, the player confronts a boss, who is usually considerably larger and tougher than regular enemies. On the way through each level, the player can find numerous weapon upgrades and "Metal Slug" tanks. The tank is known as the SV-001 ("SV" stands for Super Vehicle), which increases the player's offense and considerably adds to their defense.

In addition to shooting, the player can perform melee attacks by using a knife and/or kicking. The player does not die by coming into contact with enemies, and correspondingly, many of the enemy troops have melee attacks. Much of the game's scenery is destructible, and occasionally, this reveals extra items or power-ups.

During the course of a level, the player encounters prisoners of war (POWs), who, if freed, offer the player bonuses in the form of random items or weapons. At the end of each level, the player receives a scoring bonus based on the number of freed POWs. If the player dies before the end of the level, the tally of freed POWs reverts to zero.

A new feature in Metal Slug 3 is the branching path system; in most missions, there are forking paths from which the player must choose one, each with their own obstacles, and each of varying length and difficulty. All paths eventually lead to the same boss battle, but the player may have different equipment, and may have rescued more or fewer POW's depending on their choice of path.

Plot
Several years ago, the evil General Morden was foiled in his attempted coup d'état against the worlds' governments by the Peregrine Falcon Strike Force. After forming an alliance with an alien race in an attempt to stage another coup, Morden was betrayed and taken prisoner by his newfound allies. His rebels troops formed an ad hoc alliance with the Strike Force and the aliens were defeated and Morden was killed. Instrumental in defeating Morden during the first coup were Cpt. Marco Rossi and Lt. Tarma Roving. Rossi (now a Major) and Roving (now a Captain) led the fight against the Morden during the second coup, joined by two members of the Intelligence Agency's Special Ops Squad S.P.A.R.R.O.W.S.; Sgt. Eri Kasamoto and Sgt. 1st Class Fiolina Germi.

Several years have passed since that time, and Morden is listed as missing by his surviving followers. Determined to wipe out every remnant of Morden's powerbase, the army send Rossi and Roving to destroy all remaining rebel strongholds, one by one. During the fighting, however, Rossi and Roving come to the conclusion that the enemy is too well organised, and perhaps Morden is not dead as was initially thought. Meanwhile, the S.P.A.R.R.O.W.S. come across a series of strange events which lead the army to conclude that the aliens with whom Morden once allied himself have returned.

The Peregrine Falcon Strike Force and S.P.A.R.R.O.W.S. are once again united, and sent to defeat this new threat. After various battles against Morden's forces, the heroes face off against Morden. After defeating him, it is revealed that it was an alien in disguise, and the real Morden has been taken prisoner by the aliens. The aliens abduct the player character and leave Earth. At this point, another character takes the player character's place. An ad hoc alliance is formed between the Strike Force and Morden's troops so as to save their captured comrades. The rebels launch an armada of rocket ships to attack the alien mother ship, Rugname. After a long battle through the ship's interior, the Rugname starts to collapse due to the amount of damage it has sustained. After destroying the ship's core, the Strike Force must fight their way through armies of clones of their captured teammate, some of whom have turned into zombies. Both the captured member of the Strike Force and Morden are freed. As they escape, they are confronted by the aliens' leader, Rootmars. A battle ensues in Earth's atmosphere, which is won by the Strike Force, who leave Rootmars' body in the ocean. Upon seeing Morden and his men celebrating, the player character throws their weapon into the water in disgust.

Versions

Console versions
In the PlayStation 2 (PS2) and Xbox versions of the game, once the arcade mode has been beaten, there are two additional mini-games: "Storming the UFO Mothership" and "Fat Island". "Storming the UFO Mothership" mode allows the player to control one of General Morden's soldiers as they attempt to rescue fellow soldiers and attack the Martian forces. The player can choose between the "Shield Soldier", "Bazooka Soldier", and "Normal Soldier". The player is given a single life, which is balanced by the number of reinforcements from fellow soldiers. In "Fat Island", two players compete to gain the most weight in a limited amount of time by eating various foods. They start out at 100 kg and must finish at 200. If players lose enough weight, they will return to normal size and subsequently to a mummy state.

Later releases
In 2006, Metal Slug Anthology (titled Metal Slug Complete in Japan) was released for the Wii, PlayStation 2 and PSP. This compilation includes the original Metal Slug, and all of its arcade sequels (including Metal Slug 2 and Metal Slug X) up to Metal Slug 6. The games are emulated versions of the originals, with none of the additional game modes or content introduced in the other home versions.

Metal Slug 3 was released on Xbox Live Arcade on January 2, 2008. The game features upscaled graphics and co-op online gameplay, but it does not include the extra modes from console releases. This version was made backwards compatible on Xbox One in 2015.

In March 2012, the AES version of Metal Slug 3 was released for the Virtual Console on the Wii.

In July 2012, a version of the game was released for iOS and Android.

In February 2014, a PC version of the game was released on Steam.

A version of the game for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita (through PlayStation Network) came in November 2014 in Japan and worldwide in March 2015, while the PlayStation 4 version was released worldwide in December 2017.

A Nintendo Switch version was released in March 9, 2017.

Reception

Upon its initial appearance, Metal Slug 3 received generally positive reviews. Most of its subsequent ports and re-releases have also seen good reviews. On GameRankings, the PS2 version has a score of 76.78% based on nine reviews, the Xbox version 75.71% based on sixty-four reviews, the Xbox 360 version 78.46% based on thirteen reviews, and the iOS version 74% based on five reviews. On Metacritic, the Xbox version has a score of 76 out of 100, based on fifty-six reviews, the Xbox 360 version 78 based on twelve reviews, and the iOS version 76 based on five reviews.

In his review of the game for the Xbox, IGN's Hilary Goldstein scored it 6.8 out of 10, feeling that as an arcade shooter, the game stood up well, but as an Xbox title, it was weak when compared to other games on the system: "If this game were $20 or even $30 it would merit a better score and better recommendation. This is not a $40 value unless you absolutely must have this game on your Xbox. When this game drops in price (and it will), that's when you'll want to snatch it up for sure". He scored the Xbox 360 version 7.4 out of 10, again feeling that the game was good for what it was, but somewhat dated when compared to other titles: "Before you purchase Metal Slug 3, you need to ask yourself how much you value ten dollars. This is a short experience that, even with a few playthroughs, won't last you long. Metal Slug 3 is a lot of fun, but this should be a $5 download. Especially when original, awesome-looking shooters such as Omega Five are storming Xbox Marketplace".

GameSpot's Ryan Davis scored both the Xbox and the Xbox 360 versions 7.5 out of 10. Of the Xbox version, he praised most aspects of the game, but criticized the excessive difficulty: "The fundamentals of Metal Slug 3 are all really excellent. You'll be hard-pressed to find another 2D side-scroller with such detailed environments and smooth animation, and the gameplay is the dictionary definition of frenetic. So, with all this going for it, it's a real shame that the brutal continue system introduced in the game's conversion to the Xbox makes the game overly uncompromising. If you are prone to throwing controllers out of frustration, you may want to approach Metal Slug 3 with caution". Of the Xbox 360 version, he argued that the game itself was excellent, but it was a somewhat dated experience: "Ultimately, the things that might prevent you from enjoying Metal Slug 3, such as the number of times it's been released on other systems, its relative price point, and the lack of extras, are peripheral to the experience itself. If these things don't concern you, then you'll have a blast".

Eurogamer's Spanner Spencer scored the Xbox version 7 out of 10. He praised the original game, but as an Xbox game, he found it somewhat wanting: "So short, so sweet. Two-player spins it out for a while, and there are Hard and Very Hard modes, but at £15 if you shop around Metal Slug 3 arguably transcends the usual rental recommendation. No lie, you'll finish the lot in a day. You can try and collect all the extras (Japanese radish and Chinese cabbage are all there for the taking), but there's no getting away from the fact that there's not enough in here to warrant shelling out full whack, no matter how perfect a slice of arcade action it may be". Patrick Garratt were more impressed with the Xbox 360 version, which he scored 9 out of 10, writing: "What's really fascinating here is the fact that a vaguely ageing title appears to have found its niche market on a modern console - this is Metal Slug 3s ideal home, and you'd be a fool not to make it welcome in yours".

GameSpy's Darryl Vassar scored the Xbox version 4 out of 5, arguing that "while each of the individual parts of Metal Slug 3 are unremarkable, they come together in a way that is greater than their sum. Metal Slug 3 is a fantastic game -- it's easy to pick up and play, has great character and depth, and is even better with a friend. There's a reason SNK has so many diehard fans, and this game should bring a few more into the fold".

Commercial performance
In Japan, Game Machine listed Metal Slug 3 on their May 1, 2000 issue as being the third most-successful arcade game of the month.

The PS2 port sold 47,581 copies in Japan. The 2014 PC port later sold 651,482 digital copies worldwide on Steam, for a total of at least  copies sold for the PS2 and Steam platforms.

International Amusement arcades
  Italy
 Lido di Jesolo (2006)

Notes

References

External links

 Metal Slug 3 at GameFAQs
 Metal Slug 3 at Giant Bomb
 Metal Slug 3 at Killer List of Videogames
 Metal Slug 3 at MobyGames

2000 video games
ACA Neo Geo games
Alien invasions in video games
Android (operating system) games
Arcade video games
Cancelled Game Boy Advance games
Cooperative video games
D4 Enterprise games
IOS games
Linux games
MacOS games
Metal Slug
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Neo Geo games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Network games
PlayStation Vita games
PlayStation 4 games
SNK games
SNK Playmore games
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games scored by Takushi Hiyamuta
Video games set in Ecuador
Video games set in Japan
Video games set in Mexico
Video games set in South Africa
Video games set on fictional islands
Video games with cross-platform play
Virtual Console games
Windows games
Xbox games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Xbox One games
Video games about zombies
UTV Ignition Games games
Video games developed in Japan
Hamster Corporation games
Code Mystics games
Noise Factory games

Metal Slug 3


Guthrie McClintic (August 6, 1893 – October 29, 1961) was an American theatre director, film director, and producer based in New York.

Life and career
McClintic was born in Seattle, attended Washington University in St. Louis and New York's American Academy of Dramatic Arts, and became an actor, but soon became a stage manager and casting director for major Broadway producer Winthrop Ames. His Broadway directorial debut was on A. A. Milne's The Dover Road. McClintic's first major success was on The Barretts of Wimpole Street featuring his wife, the American actress Katharine Cornell, in 1931. He also directed Hamlet featuring John Gielgud in New York in 1936.

Katharine Cornell served on the Board of Directors of The Rehearsal Club, a place where young actresses could stay while looking for work in the theatre. McClintic sometimes found roles for the young women in his plays.

In what may have been a lavender marriage, gay McClintic was married for forty years to actress Katharine Cornell - herself a lesbian. After they were married, they formed a production team M.C. & C Company, which produced plays for the rest of his life. He directed every play that Cornell starred in, including Romeo and Juliet, Candida, Antony and Cleopatra, No Time for Comedy, Antigone, Saint Joan, The Doctor's Dilemma, Three Sisters, and There Shall Be No Night, and The Constant Wife. Their production company brought over many of the leading Shakespearean actors of the day, giving them their first prominent Broadway roles, including John Gielgud, Ralph Richardson, Maurice Evans, and Laurence Olivier.

McClintic died of cancer on October 29, 1961, at his home in Sneden's Landing, New York. His widow retired from acting shortly after his death, her last role being in Jerome Kilty's dramatization of Dear Liar in 1961.

Theatre

The Dover Road (1921)
The Green Hat (1925)
The Letter (1927)The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1931)Alien Corn (1933)Romeo and Juliet (1934)The Old Maid (1935)Winterset (1935)Ethan Frome (1936)Saint Joan (1936)Hamlet (1936)Candida (1937)High Tor (1937)Key Largo (1939)No Time for Comedy (1939)The Doctor's Dilemma (1941)The Playboy of the Western World (1946)Dishonored Lady (1947)Antony and Cleopatra (1947)Medea (1949)Dear Liar (1960)

FilmsOn Your Back (1930)Once a Lady (1931)Once a Sinner'' (1931)

References

External links

Guthrie McClintic biography and films

1893 births
1961 deaths
American film directors
American theatre directors
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
American gay men
LGBT theatre directors
LGBT people from Washington (state)
Artists from Seattle
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni

Guthrie McClintic


The Defence Services Command and Staff College (DSCSC) is situated at Batalanda, Makola (South) 12 Kilometers away from Colombo and its aim to develop the professional knowledge and understanding of experienced officers of the Sri Lanka Army, Sri Lanka Navy & the Sri Lanka Air Force to prepare them for the ranks of junior field officers in the army and the respective ranks of the Navy and Air force. The DSCSC was formerly known as the Sri Lanka Army Command and Staff College (ACSC).

The Commandant is a two-star appointment and the current Commandant of the DSCSC Major General BKGML Rodrigo.

Objectives

The above aim is met through addressing six principal objectives, which are as follows:

 Know and be able to apply the functions and techniques of staff in war and peace.
 Know and apply the principles and techniques involved in the employment of land forces in particular, and armed forces in general, in all types of military operations.
 Analyze the function of command up to and including divisional level.
 Know the structure, deployment, roles and interdependence of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.
 Understand how the Sri Lankan defence policy is formulated and the relationship with military doctrine.
 Analyze those issues in national and international affairs, which influence the defence policies of Sri Lanka and her allies.

History

Army Command and Staff College
Since the establishment of the Ceylon Army in 1949, mid career staff officers were sent to the British Army Staff College, Camberley and later to India's Defence Services Staff College, as well as other overseas staff colleges. With the rapid expansion of the army during the Sri Lankan Civil War, the need for more 'Staff Qualified' officers was felt as the army began mounting multi-division military operations. As a response to this need the army established the Army Command and Staff College (ACSC) on 16 March 1998 with the first course consisting of 26 Student Officers. The College was officially inaugurated on 28 August 1998 by President Chandrika Kumaratunga by the request of the Commander of the Army, Lieutenant General Rohan Daluwatte.

At the inception, a British Army Training Team consisting of two Lieutenant Colonels was attached, in order to assist the faculty to formulate a curriculum similar to the British Joint Services Command and Staff College, but with emphasis on local requirements providing required training material and fine tuning the local faculty's teaching skills. The faculty was driven through an 'on the job' Training Programme.

The ACSC was established with the aim of developing the professional knowledge and understanding of selected Student Officers both in command and on staff duties, for the Sri Lanka Army. However, a few selected Student Officers from the Sri Lanka Navy and Sri Lanka Air Force too were trained on Army Command and Staff aspects from ACSC Course No 1 onwards. During the 9 years of ACSC (1998-2006), the College produced 253 graduates, of whom 207 were from the Army, 22 were from the Navy, 21 from the Air Force and one from the Police. This was in contrast to 58 'Staff Qualified Graduates' available in the Sri Lanka Army, in the year 1996. The change from ACSC to DSCSC could be perceived as an indication shown from the very inception on the importance of a Joint Services atmosphere. Moreover, the efforts of all military arms was felt imperative to be joint, in order to combat the adversary. Furthermore, changing tactics of adversaries compelled the military to revise its doctrines in war fighting, thus setting conditions for a sound 'Joint environment'.

Defence Services Command and Staff College
On 22 January 2007, ACSC was re-designated as the Defence Services Command and Staff College, where all military doctrinal and strategic level planning and teachings were brought under one roof with Secretary to the President, Lalith Weeratunga serving as the Chief Guest. he first Commandant of DSCSC was Major General N A Ranasinghe RSP, VSV, USP, ndc, psc, Isc. DSCSC Course No 1 commenced immediately after the inauguration ceremony with 36 Student Officers from the Army, 8 Student Officers from the Navy and 10 Student Officers from the Air Force registering for the first course. The Student Officers from respective Services are functioning under three wings namely Army, Navy and Air, with greater emphasis on Joint Environment.

The Course

The Defence Services Command and Staff Course sets out to train officers in basic command and staff techniques, but just as important, it aims to develop the intellectual attributes to cope with their future appointments and the changes that are inevitable in the years ahead. By this process we seek to develop their breadth of understanding and their ability to analyse and evaluate issues in a logical sequence.

The training course at the DSCSC runs for a duration of 11 months. The course is meant for Army, Navy and air force field/senior officers in the ranks of major, lieutenant colonel, lieutenant commander, commander, squadron leader and wing commander. Officers who are recommended by their Regiment sand services for the course have to sit for a competitive entrance examination, after which a board of senior officers make final selections.

Upon completion of the Defence Services Command and Staff Course, officers can use the post nominal letters psc. Student officers who gain psc can opt to gained a Master of Science in Defence and Strategic Studies from the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University if they have gained a Grade C and above for the subjects stipulated as Common and Wing Specific and in any two subjects excluding Commandant's Research Paper.

Course contain and duration

Orientation Module (3 Weeks)

 English Writing, Reading and Public Speaking.
 Information Technology.
 Etiquette.
 Service Writing.
 Introduction to Arms.

Term 1 - Foundation Studies (10 Weeks)

 Arms and Services.
 Combat Service Support.
 Command, Command Support and Decision Making.
 Doctrine, Operations and War fighting.
 Intelligence Staff Duties.
 General Staff Duties.
 Logistic Staff Duties.
 Operations of War.
 Research Methodology.
 Sri Lanka Studies.

Term 2 - Operations of War (17 Weeks)

 Air Warfare.
 Military Assistance to Civil Authorities.
 Operations of War.
 Strategic Studies.
 International Affairs.
 Overseas Study Tour.

Term 3 - Joint Operations and Operations Other Than War (11 Weeks)

 Operations Other Than War Including Counter Insurgency (COIN).
 Management Studies.
 Maritime Warfare.
 Strategic Studies and International Affairs.
 ICRC Workshop on International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

Term 4 - Management and Technology (11 Weeks)

 Joint Operations.
 Management Studies.
 Military Technology.
 UN Peace Support Operations.
 Training for Operations.
 Security.
 Administrative Studies.
 Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare.

Facilities

Library
The DSCSC library comprises 3 sections; the Reference Library, Lending Library and Pamphlet Room. The Reference Library is open daily and contains both general and military reference material and periodicals. The Lending Library is open during weekdays; this is principally a military library with a small collection of books and periodicals of general interest. However the college is making arrangements to enhance its collection of books through purchases and donations.

Auditorium
Most central lectures and briefings are conducted in the auditorium, which has modern audio visual aid for the conduct of such activity. This auditorium is temporarily housed at its present location awaiting completion of construction work of a more spacious and modern premises.

Computer Laboratory
The DSCSC provides computer training to students during the Orientation module, with the aim of introducing them to the modern IT Environment. Basic applications such as Operating Systems, Microsoft Office applications, Hardware, Networking and the use of internet & Email are the part of the training.

Sports and Recreational Facilities
All student officers are encouraged to actively participate in sports and other extra curricular activities during their stay at the DSCSC. Student officers will have to qualify in the Staff College Physical Assessment tests conducted every term. The following sports facilities are available in the College. Student officers also make use of the facilities available at the Sugathadasa National Indoor Complex.

Commandants
The following have commanded the college:
Major General A E D Wijendra
Major General K J C Perera RWP RSP VSV USP rcds psc
Major General G W W Perera RWP RSP USAWC psc
Major General A M C W B Seneviratne USP ndc psc
Major General N R Marambe RWP RSP USP psc
Major General D S K Wijesooriya RWP RSP USP psc
Major General S Wanigasekera RWP RSP USP psc
Major General D V S Y Kulatunga RSP USP ndc psc
Major General L Fernando RWP RSP ndu psc
Major General N A Ranasinghe RSP VSV USP ndc psc Isc
Major General J C Rambukpotha RSP USP ndc psc IG
Major General Janaka Walgama RSP VSV USP ndu psc
Major General G V D U A Perera RWP RSP VSV USP USAWC M.Sc. (Ind) M.Sc. (USA) NDU-CT (USA) psc (SL) psc (Ind)
Major General K A D A Karunasekara RWP RSP VSV USP ndu psc
Major General Jeewaka Ruwan Kulatunga RSP ndc psc
Major General DAPN Dematanpitiya ndu psc
Major General IHMNN Herath
Major General BKGML Rodrigo

Notable alumni
General Shavendra Silva - Chief of Defence Staff and Commander of the Sri Lankan Army
General Kamal Gunaratne -  Secretary to the Ministry of Defence
Major General Jagath Gunawardena -  Chief of Staff of the Sri Lankan Army
Major General Jagath Alwis - Commander Security Forces Headquarters - Jaffna
Rear Admiral Y. N. Jayarathna -  Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy

See also
 National Defence College, Sri Lanka
 Ministry of Defence
 General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
 Sri Lanka Army
 Sri Lanka Navy
 Sri Lanka Air Force
 The Crest of The Sri Lanka Army Command and Staff College

References
  Defence Services Command and Staff College (DSCSC)

Defence Services Command and Staff College
Military education and training in Sri Lanka
Staff colleges in Sri Lanka
Colleges affiliated to General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
Graduate schools in Sri Lanka
Educational institutions established in 1997
1997 establishments in Sri Lanka


Heloecius cordiformis is a species of semiterrestrial crab found in mangrove swamps and mudflats along the east coast of Australia. Adults are around  wide, with males being larger and having larger and more conspicuously coloured claws. The males wave their claws to communicate with other crabs, giving them their common name of semaphore crab. They can breathe both in air and under water, and feed at low tide on detritus in the sediment. H. cordiformis is the only species in the genus Heloecius and the family Heloeciidae.

Description
Adults of H. cordiformis are around  wide, with a dark purple, mottled carapace. The compound eyes are on long eyestalks.

The claws are sexually dimorphic, with males' claws showing positive allometry, while females' claws grow isometrically; a male's claws thus become proportionally larger as the crab grows, becoming much larger than those of females. The colour of the claws is correlated with both sex and size. The smallest crabs have green claws, followed by orange and pink, with the largest male crabs having purple claws; females with purple claws have small claws. The purple colour is the easiest of the four to distinguish against the reflectance spectrum of the mudflats on which the crabs live.

Distribution
H. cordiformis lives from Brisbane (Queensland), along the coast of New South Wales to Port Philip Bay (Victoria), as well as eastern parts of Tasmania.

Ecology and behaviour
H. cordiformis lives in intertidal mangroves, and in estuaries, where it is the most abundant crab species, usually living among the roots of the mangroves. H. cordiformis can breathe both in air and in water. While out of the water, H. cordiformis moves its carapace up and down; this capability allows the crab to breathe air without losing the water held in the gill chamber under the carapace.

H. cordiformis is primarily a deposit feeder, sifting through the sediment for organic matter and the detritus from mangroves, but also has large mandibles that it uses to eat larger pieces of plants and animals. Both males and females use their claws alternately; while one is transferring food to the mouthparts, the other claw is collecting more material. Predators of H. cordiformis include a variety of birds and fish.

Males signal to other crabs by waving their brightly coloured claws, which gives the species its common name of "semaphore crab".

Systematics
Heloecius cordiformis was first described as Gelasimus cordiformis by Henri Milne-Edwards, in the family Ocypodidae (Gelasimus is now a subgenus of Uca). It was transferred to a new genus by James Dwight Dana in 1851, alongside a newly described species, H. inornatus. A 1983 study concluded that Heloecius was the most primitive of the crabs in the family Ocypodidae, and erected a new subfamily for the genus, which was later raised to the rank of family, as Heloeciidae. Dana's H. inornatus and other species described in the genus are all considered taxonomic synonyms of H. cordiformis.

See also
Ghost crab

References

Ocypodoidea
Crustaceans of Australia
Monotypic decapod genera
Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards

Heloecius


Alexandru Roman (November 26, 1826 – September 27, 1897) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian cultural figure and journalist, as well as a founding member of the Romanian Academy.

Born in Aușeu, Bihor County, in the Crișana region, he attended primary and secondary school at Beiuș and Oradea. He then studied philosophy, mathematics and theology at the University of Vienna. After graduation, Roman returned to his home region, and was hired at the Romanian gymnasium in Beiuș in 1849, during the Hungarian Revolution. He became its first teacher to hold classes in Romanian. In 1851, he became a Romanian-language professor at the Oradea law academy. In 1862, following numerous petitions, he began teaching Romanian at the Royal University of Pest, founding the Romanian language and literature department. He prepared a Romanian-language manual for village schools, and contributed articles on philology and politics to Bucovina, Gazeta Transilvaniei and Naționalul, the last based in Bucharest, capital of the nascent Romanian state.

In 1866, Roman became a founding member of the Romanian Literary Society, later the Romanian Academy. He also helped found the Reading Society of Studious Romanian Youth (1851) and the Petru Maior Society (1862). He edited the gazettes Concordia (founded at Budapest in 1861 in collaboration with Sigismund Pap, until 1866) and Federațiunea (1868-1876), which he also founded at Budapest. Roman published unusually virulent articles in these organs, causing him to be brought to trial a number of times. The culmination came in 1868, when he reprinted the Blaj Pronouncement. As a result, he was sentenced to a year's imprisonment at Vác.

From 1865 to 1888, Roman sat in the House of Representatives at Budapest, where he advocated on behalf of the Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary. He died in Sebeș.

Notes

References
 Gelu Neamțu, "Alexandru Roman și Academia Română (1866-1897)", in Anuarul Institutului de Istorie «G. Barițiu» din Cluj-Napoca, vol. XLVI, 2007, p. 77–84

1826 births
1897 deaths
People from Bihor County
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of Eötvös Loránd University
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian schoolteachers
Romanian textbook writers
Founding members of the Romanian Academy
Members of the House of Representatives (Hungary)
Ethnic Romanian politicians in Transylvania
Prisoners and detainees of Austria-Hungary

Alexandru Roman


"Bed & Breakfast" is the seventh episode of the first season of the animated television series Bob's Burgers. The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 13, 2011.

The episode was written by Holly Schlesinger and directed by Boohwan Lim. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.10 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Melissa Bardin Galsky and Larry Murphy.

Plot
Linda arrives back at the restaurant after shopping for materials for a bed and breakfast she is going to operate out of the Belchers' apartment. Bob disagrees with this business venture, not only because his children have to move into his room so that the customers can sleep in their rooms, but also because Linda puts in all of her efforts to entertain guests, and if Linda feels her efforts are not appreciated enough, she snaps. Linda becomes angry and she denies Bob's claims, saying she is a very good hostess. Tina and Gene have to move into their parents' room, so that the guests can sleep in the children's rooms.  An Indian-British entomologist named Javed Fazel (Larry Murphy) sleeps in Tina's room, while Ed Samuels and his wife Nora (Melissa Bardin Galsky) sleep in Gene's room. Linda forces the guests to participate in bed and breakfast events such as telling each other embarrassing moments. However, Javed, Ed and Nora aren't enjoying it, and wish they were at a different bed and breakfast. Linda is annoyed by the guests' incompetence, while Louise is happily going to sleep in her room on her own.

The next morning, Bob is relieved to get back to work to avoid the guests, and talks to Teddy about it. Teddy praises the bed and breakfast to Linda and she suggests that he should be her guest (and the only perfect guest) by using Louise's room as his room. Bob is unsure about Louise's reaction to it, as she would possibly murder Bob and Linda, explaining that at one time when Linda vacuumed in there, she refused to talk to Linda for a week. Linda moves Teddy into Louise's room and Louise loses her temper, meanwhile Linda drags Louise over the floor and Louise says to Teddy, "I will see you in Hell, Teddy, I will see you in Hell!" as she vows vengeance to Teddy. During a wine and cheese mix, Linda forces Javed to join but he has to watch his insects mate with the queen (Tina comes along with him to watch) and Louise threatens Teddy that he has one hour to leave her room or she'll retaliate. An hour later, Louise sprays Javed's synthetic queen beetle pheromones on Teddy's pillow while a surprised Linda discovers the Samuels are performing BDSM in bed. While her family is asleep, Louise sneaks out of the bedroom (having spent some time standing over the bed) and releases Javed's beetles into Teddy's room.

Teddy wakes up, unaware of the beetles covering his face, and scares the family and Javed with his appearance. Linda blames Louise for the incident and grounds her, sending her to Linda's room and locking the door. Teddy barely reacts to it, mentioning that his only fear is of costumed characters, due to an incident where a man dressed up as a seal was having an affair with his ex-wife. Louise overhears what Teddy said through the air vent and calls a costumed character company to order dozens of them to arrive at the restaurant. Linda upgrades Teddy to platinum status, locks the other guests inside their rooms (the Samuels were going to leave) until her ice cream social, and orders Bob to make a bacon burger for Teddy. The costumed characters arrive at the restaurant, causing a terrified Teddy to beat them up. Bob settles it and explains the incident to Linda, and reprimands her for locking the unappreciative guests in their rooms. However, Linda reveals that she lost the key. Knowing she picks locks, Linda apologizes to Louise, and asks her to unlock the guests' doors. Louise unlocks Javed's room (who is unaware that the door was locked the whole time), and Linda discovers that the Samuels are stuck after attempting to climb down out of the window. Linda helps them in, though only after forcing them to leave their e-mail addresses and recommend the bed and breakfast to their friends. Everything becomes settled as the guests leave, the costumed characters leave and also get paid by Bob, and Teddy overcomes his fears by going out with an owl costumed person (whom he first thinks to be a woman, but is really a man).

Reception
In its original American broadcasting, "Bed and Breakfast" was viewed by an estimated 4.10 million viewers and received a 2.5 rating/7% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, a drop from the last episode.

Rowan Kaiser of The A.V. Club gave the episode B+, saying "Remember back at the very beginning of The Simpsons, when Bart was the main character? He got all the t-shirts, he got all the catch-phrases, and who could forget this on their Top 40 radio stations? Rather quickly, the Simpsons' creative team realized that Homer, not Bart, was their star. Something similar might be happening with Bob's Burgers, where Bob, who is not in any way a bad character, is typically overshadowed by his ridiculously funny children. In tonight's episode, Bob is pushed just slightly into the background, the kids get a few more lines, and it turns into a bit of a mess, but it's an often-funny and charming mess."

References

External links

2011 American television episodes
Bob's Burgers (season 1) episodes

Bed & Breakfast (Bob's Burgers)


Brugmansia arborea, the angel's trumpet, is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae. The IUCN has classed Brugmansia arborea as Extinct in the Wild.

Description
Brugmansia arborea is an evergreen shrub or small tree reaching up to  in height. The ovate leaves have coarsely toothed margins when in their best condition. The leaves, flower stalks, fruit, and especially the young shoots are covered with fine velvety white down.  Flowers are strongly fragrant,  trumpet-shaped, nodding to sub-horizontal, white to ivory-white or cream. At  long, the flowers are the shortest of all Brugmansia. Flowers are produced almost continuously in smaller quantities, unlike many other Brugmansia that flower in larger flushes. The ovoid fruit have an average length of  and width of . The calyx is slit along one side and is very long in relation to the flower, and in this respect is often used as a quick check to verify correct identification. With a few exceptions, the Green Calyx usually reaches down almost all the way to the flower corolla's mouth.

Taxonomy

In his 1753 Species Plantarum, Carl Linnaeus published Datura arborea using as his type specimen a drawing by Louis Feuillée from 1714 with name Stramonioides arboreum, oblongo et integro folio, fructu laevi, vulgo Flori pondio. Then Robert Sweet, in his 1818 Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis, published the modern version of the name to be in the separate genus of Brugmansia. Since then, many authors have published many different plants with one of those names, causing much confusion in the taxonomy of these plants. "Datura arborea" has many times been incorrectly used for almost any white-flowered Brugmansia plant, even in scientific literature.

Distribution and habitat
They are native to the Andes mountains of southern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, western Bolivia, and northern Chile. As the hardiest of all Brugmansia species in regards to both cold and drought, they are often found in the drier valleys of the Andes, in areas with an annual rainfall of . Occurring at elevations of 2000 to 3000 m, they often receive light frosts.

Ecology
Brugmansia arborea are usually pollinated by moths. They are attracted by the white color of the flowers and their fragrance that gets stronger in the evenings.

The species is invasive in New Caledonia.

References

arborea
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Peru
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Brugmansia arborea


The Walter Elwood Museum is a museum of local history in Amsterdam, New York. The museum is currently located in at 100 Church Street in the former Noteworthy Complex and historic Sanford & Sons Carpet Mills building.

The museum was founded in 1939 by Walter Elwood, a local history teacher, who began collecting local artifacts in the 1930s.  The museum features interactive exhibits of local history, including area industry and textile mills, politics, the Victorian era and natural history.  Collections include buttons, objects crafted by the Mohawk, hand-made doll clothes, glass teaching slides, political buttons, and fossils and shells.

The museum has been housed in several locations in Amsterdam over time, including the Fifth Ward School, then the Guy Park Avenue School, and then the Guy Park Manor in 2009. In 2011, damage from Hurricane Irene forced the museum to close until a new home could be found. The museum opened in its current location in 2013.

References

External links
 Walter Elwood Museum - official site

Museums in Montgomery County, New York
History museums in New York (state)
Museums established in 1939
1939 establishments in New York (state)

Walter Elwood Museum


The Boscán Oil Field is located 40 km southwest of Maracaibo, Venezuela, and covers an area of about 660 square kilometers (240 square miles). The field produces a 10.5 degree API gravity crude oil from the Eocene Misoa Formation locally called the Boscán Formation. Current estimates of oil in place are greater than 25 billion barrels of oil.

The field was discovered in 1946 by Chevron with drilling of the Zulia 7F-1 well (renamed BN-257) which tested .  This well encountered reservoir section very close to the Boscán east bounding fault at about  measured depth (MD).  Production began in 1947.

The field is currently operated by the Empresa Mixta Petroboscan, a joint venture between Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) and Chevron.

Stratigraphy
The stratigraphic section at Boscán Field consists of sands and shales of Oligocene and Eocene ages deposited in a tidally-influenced fluvial-deltaic depositional setting.  The Oligocene sediments are commonly non-oil bearing and are dominantly shaley. The Eocene sands are part of the Misoa Formation and form the producing reservoir section locally known as the Boscán Formation.

Structure
The Boscán structure is a southwest-dipping monocline (flat, tilting surface) which contains oil over a very large depth range from  to  below sea level.  The reservoir is broken by a series of normal faults, many of which have strike-slip movement; these faults may compartmentalize the reservoir over parts of the field.

Trapping mechanism
The productive section in the field is associated with a regional unconformity between the Oligocene Icotea Formation and the older Eocene sandstones.  Shales and other tight formations in the Icotea Formation provide the trap preventing vertical migration.  On the east side of the field a large strike-slip fault provides additional trapping of oil, preventing it from moving laterally to the east.

Production
Boscán Field has produced over  of oil, less than 6% of oil in place. There have been a total of 950 oil wells drilled in the field with approximately 525 active wells as of December, 2015. Current production is approximately 110,000 barrels per day.  The reservoir drive is a combination of weak aquifer drive on the south flank, solution gas expansion, and gravity drainage.  Produced water is currently injected at a rate of approximately 90,000 barrels per day for pressure maintenance support.

See also

List of oil fields

Oil fields of Venezuela

Boscán Field


David Cloyd (born 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, music producer, and music engineer. After playing for a decade in Brooklyn, New York in the indie rock scene, he was signed to ECR Music Group in 2008. He released his debut album as a singer-songwriter with Unhand Me, You Fiend! in 2009. The album peaked at No. 1 on eMusic's Album Charts, and according to a review, "took the indie rock scene by storm." His second album, I Could Disappear, included solo versions of his debut album, with Cloyd on vocals, piano, and guitar. Cloyd released a cover of Paul McCartney's 1971 song "Dear Boy" in September 2011. As of 2012, he is Executive Vice President of Creative Operations at ECR Music Group.

Early life, career
David Cloyd was born in 1974 in Wilmington, Ohio. A multi-instrumentalist, he has stated he didn't write much music when he was younger, becoming a singer-songwriter only later in his life. He began attending the College of Fine Arts at the University of Texas at Austin in 1994, where he majored in music performance.

After graduating in 1998 he moved from Austin, Texas to Brooklyn, New York. He began working at EMI Music Publishing after winning the first internship with the Joni Abbott Foundation. People involved in the internship included executives Rick Krim and Evan Lamberg at EMI, Don Henley, Tom Freston of MTV, and John Sykes of VH1, who started the Save The Music Foundation.

He met his wife, Jaime Herbeck, in April 2006. Herbeck, who was then a managing editor at Hyperion Books (and later Picador), was born in 1977. Cloyd played regularly in New York's indie rock scene, but his band broke up in early 2007. At that point he had written a number of songs, a process which he had started in earnest in late 2006. Cloyd, who lived with his wife in a tiny apartment in Brooklyn's Sunset Park, had no excess funds for studio time. He created his own 9x9 foot studio in his apartment, and used a homebuilt computer, two cheap monitors, a condensor microphone, an electric and acoustic guitar, a bass guitar, a keyboard, two amplifiers, and a drum machine to begin creating an album. He borrowed an amp from friend and neighbor Shara Worden, who had previously given him vocal lessons. They had also shared band members in earlier groups, including Konrad Meissner, who now plays with Matt Nathanson.

Cloyd's homemade recordings were discovered by Blake Morgan of ECR Music Group (Engine Company Records). Morgan began helping set deadlines for Cloyd to finish tracks in his home studio, and began mixing the recordings. He has stated "[Cloyd] was actually in the perfect environment, at the perfect time. I didn´t want him to change the way he was working, or how, I just wanted him to keep going."

In May 2008, Cloyd and his wife moved to Buffalo, New York, Herbeck's hometown. Cloyd began to teach music lessons and continued work on his debut album.

Solo career

Unhand Me, You Fiend! (2009)
Cloyd's debut album, Unhand Me, You Fiend! was released on January 20, 2009 on ECR Music Group. He composed, performed, and engineered all tracks on the LP, and co-produced the album with Blake Morgan.  Morgan mixed and edited, and Phil Nicolo mastered the album at Studio 4 in Philadelphia. The album included Cloyd's cover of Radiohead's "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi" from In Rainbows as a bonus track.

Following its release worldwide, the album peaked at No. 1 on eMusic's Album Charts. According to a review, the album "took the indie rock scene by storm." In October 2009, he was selected as the winner of the "Artvoice Battle of Original Music" by Art Voice, where he competed against the Bear Exchange.

Reception
His vocals on the album were compared to David Berkeley and Jeff Buckley. Also, "The often densely layered music has echoes of the Beatles, Matthew Sweet and Elliott Smith, and stylistically sits comfortably among the work of contemporaries like Rufus Wainwright, Duncan Sheik and Kevin Tihista's Red Terror." Another review stated that Cloyd "uses this album to convey the struggles of everyday life."

eMusic wrote "Having recently departed New York City for Buffalo, you can almost hear the isolation in David Cloyd's debut. Unhand Me, You Fiend! jumps between folky, Jeff Buckley-esque ballads, minor-key raucous indie-guitar workouts and, errr, a Radiohead cover (that's actually quite great!). It seems the work of a single, quirky mind with a lot of time on its hands — and it's a joy to listen to."

Melodic.net gave it 4/4 stars and wrote "New talent David Cloyd...offers a stylish and at times complex pop journey. With floating melodies built with acoustic elements and technical details... if you like cool pop in a slightly odd and very personal style, this is a must album."

I Could Disappear (2010)
On June 29, 2010, Cloyd released his second album, I Could Disappear. The nine studio tracks are all solo reworkings of the original pop and rock songs from his debut album. According to Cloyd, "With each song boiled down to its essence I discovered something exciting—working with less demands more from you as an artist." He performed vocals, alternating with piano and electric guitar. He also engineered the album and created the album cover.

Dear Boy (2011)
Cloyd released a cover of Paul McCartney's 1971 song "Dear Boy" on September 13, 2011. ECR Music Group released it in digital format only.

As of 2011 he is Executive Vice President at ECR Music Group, and also continues to produce music for other musicians.

Personal life
Cloyd is married to Jaime Herbeck. Their first child, a daughter, was born in 2009.

Discography

Albums
2009: Unhand Me, You Fiend!
2010: I Could Disappear

Singles
2011: "Dear Boy" (cover of song by Paul McCartney)

References

External links

David Cloyd's Blog

Interviews
An Interview with David Cloyd (March 2010)

Living people
1976 births
American male singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male singers
People from Sunset Park, Brooklyn

David Cloyd


Pedro Elías Gutiérrez (March 14, 1870–May 31, 1954) was a Venezuelan musician who is mainly remembered for the song Alma Llanera, whose music he composed for the zarzuela of the same name.

Gutiérrez also led the Orquesta Caraqueña, directed the Caracas Martial Band (Banda Marcial Caracas) from 1903 to 1946, and wrote several other zarzuelas, including Percance en Macuto and Un Gallero como Pocos.  He died in Macuto, Vargas.

Alma Llanera
The song is a joropo, a Venezuelan dance form. The lyrics were written by Rafael Bolivar Coronado and it is regarded as the unofficial second National anthem of Venezuela. The first part of Alma Llanera is inspired on the waltz Marisela by composer Sebastian Díaz Peña from Venezuela, while the second part of Alma Llanera is inspired on the waltz Mita by the Curaçaon composer Jan Gerard Palm.

People from La Guaira
Venezuelan composers
Male composers
1870 births
1954 deaths

Pedro Elías Gutiérrez


Parliamentary elections were held in Togo on 4 March 1990, with a second round on 18 March in eight constituencies. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Rally of the Togolese People as the sole legal party. The election won contested by 230 candidates running for 77 seats. Voter turnout was 78.7%.

Results

References

Togo
1990 in Togo
Elections in Togo
One-party elections
March 1990 events in Africa

1990 Togolese parliamentary election