Telangana Martyrs Memorial also called as Telangana Amara Jyothi or Amaraveerula Stupam is a monument built for 369 students who died during the 1969 agitation for a separate Telangana state. Telangana Martyrs Memorial day is observed on 2 June every year in all the districts of Telangana State. It is situated on the banks of Hussain Sagar, opposite to the Public Gardens, Hyderabad. It is the largest seamless stainless-steel memorial built in the world and is five times bigger than Cloud Gate (located in Chicago).

History
The monument, also called Gun Park, because the government used guns against demonstrators and killed 369 people. It is symbolic structure celebrating brave Telangana agitators. It is a focus for political activity highlighting issues relating to the Telangana region.  It was inaugurated by Chief Minister of Telangana, K. Chandrashekar Rao on 22 June 2023.

After Telangana formation

After the formation of Telangana State, the first Chief Minister of Telangana, K. Chandrashekar Rao decided to observe Telangana Martyrs Memorial Day on 2 June every year in all the districts of Telangana State. On this occasion, there will be an official programme in every district headquarters which include paying floral tributes at the designated sites of Martyrs Memorials besides other programmes in a befitting manner.

Design influences
The monument was designed and built by Aekka Yadagiri Rao, a "nationally acclaimed sculptor," and former JNTU Professor of Sculpture. The Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad, Mayor Lakshminarayana, commissioned the monument, chosen from a number of possible sculptors, including Khairuddin Siddique, R B Raju, and Chawla.

The memorial is  high, and incorporates five separate sections.

Base is black polished granite, which has nine bullet impressions (small holes) on four sides to represent the 360 odd (9x4) students, who scarified their life's for the cause in 1969. To represent 9 districts of Telangana, there were nine bullet impressions on each side. The reason for choosing black colored granite was to express mourning to the heroes. Originally, Telangana consisted of 9 districts and Ranga Reddy district was formed much later. So, when sculptor designed the memorial, he considered 9 districts.

The mythological sun-arch above the base was inspired from Sanchi Stupas. The plaques embossed in it on four sides represent the greatness of the cause. Normally this type of plaque is placed on the head of the gods like Balaji, which means that they are Puja Arhulu. A few lines below the plaque and paid respects to Telangana martyrs, to convey that the martyrs were up there at highest level with their sacrifices.

Above the sun-arch, nine strips or columns were carved denoting nine districts of Telangana. The specialty of this art piece is one can spot these nine strips from any side view. The meaning conveyed through it was nine districts of Telangana were united and nobody can disintegrate them.

Next is the trapezium structure that has a dharma chakra, representing tolerance and truth, on four sides. The red granite represents sacrifice and the chakra for peace and love. The meaning conveyed through this was that Telangana youths sacrificed their lives while fighting for dharma, rights and justice.

At the top, sculptor carved white lily flower to symbolize the freshness of youth and immortality of the soul. Normally flowers are kept near memorials. Yadagiri Roa said, "Fresh flowers were placed at the martyrs statue regularly. I realized that instead of depending on others, why not make a flower myself and keep at the statue forever. Therefore, I carved a white lily flower and placed it on top of the memorial".1969 movement symbolic structure gun park in Hyderabad.

Gallery

References

External links
 UPDATED: KCR Official Stated Telangana Martyrs Memorial DAY

Monuments and memorials in Hyderabad, India
History of Telangana
Martyrs' monuments and memorials

Telangana Martyrs Memorial


The France–Germany border (; ) separates France and Germany and has a length of , about half of it along the Rhine.

History
The Franco-German border can be traced back to the 17th century, and the various treaties following the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), starting with the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of Nijmegen (1678–1679), marking the Rhine as the frontier between the Kingdom of France, and the different German states. The actual border was determined in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The border then changed after the French defeat during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), where the French Third Republic was forced to yield Alsace-Lorraine to the new German Empire in 1871. The territory was then returned to France 48 years later after the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The border changed again in 1941 when Nazi Germany de facto annexed the region (without international legal recognition, or treaty). The current border was re-established after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II.

In 2019, German authorities instituted extended border checks. These checks resulted in 178 people who had been banned from entering Germany being denied entry. 1,177 people on the wanted list were arrested, there were 1,235 breaches of residency laws, 406 breaches against narcotics laws, 205 breaches of weapons laws, 47 cases of falsified documents, and 19 people with extremist backgrounds were hindered from entering Germany. Most of these were along the borders to France and Austria.

Route
The border follows the Upper Rhine from the tripoint (Dreiländereck) with the French-Swiss and the German-Swiss borders at Basel (), passing between Strasbourg and Offenburg. The Rhine forms the eastern border of Alsace on the French side and the western border of Baden-Württemberg on the German side.

Upstream of Karlsruhe (), the border leaves the Rhine, cutting westward to  forming the northern border of  Alsace and Lorraine on the French side, and the southern border of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland on the German side. It passes Saarbrücken, Petite-Rosselle, Freyming-Merlebach, Creutzwald (where it follows the Bist for a short stretch), Überherrn, and meets the E29 before it  terminates at the French-Luxembourgian-German tripoint on the Moselle, near the village of Schengen, Luxembourg (; chosen as the symbolic site for the signing of the Schengen Agreement between France, Germany, and the Benelux countries in 1985).

References

See also
Territorial evolution of Germany
Territorial evolution of France
France–Germany relations
Rhine crisis
Die Wacht am Rhein

1648 establishments in France
1648 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
European Union internal borders
1648 in international relations
Borders of France
Borders of Germany
International borders

France–Germany border


Cumberland is a home rule-class city in Harlan County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population according to the 2010 Census was 2,237, down from 2,611 at the 2000 census. The city sits at the confluence of Looney Creek and the Poor Fork Cumberland River.

History
Cumberland was settled in 1837 and named "Poor Fork", for its location on a fork of the Cumberland River with relatively poor soil. It remained isolated until the coal mining boom of the 1900s when railroads connected it with surrounding towns. It was renamed "Cumberland" in 1926.

On July 29, 2019, a group of coal miners blocked a coal train on a track in protest when the company they worked for, Blackjewel LLC, refused to pay them after declaring bankruptcy. Blackjewel was founded in 2017, and it was one of the largest coal mining companies in the country. Its bankruptcy filing also affected employees in Virginia and Wyoming; in total about 1700 miners have been affected.  The miners called off the protest in late September 2019, mostly because they have found other jobs. They intend to continue their fight in court.

Geography

Cumberland is located in northeastern Harlan County at  (36.977016, -82.987434) in the valley of the Poor Fork of the Cumberland River, where it is joined by Looney Creek from the southeast and Cloverlick Creek from the south. The city limits extend to the north up to the crest of Pine Mountain, which forms the Letcher County line. Elevations within the city range from  above sea level along the Poor Fork on the west side of town to  atop Pine Mountain.

U.S. Route 119 passes through Cumberland, passing south of the city center. US 119 leads northeast  to Jenkins and southwest  to Harlan, the Harlan County seat. Kentucky Route 160 passes through the center of Cumberland, leading southeast  to Benham and  to the Virginia border, and north over Pine Mountain  to Gordon.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Cumberland has a total area of , of which , or 0.95%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cumberland has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,611 people, 1,076 households, and 723 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,288 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.60% White, 5.09% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 1,076 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $15,929, and the median income for a family was $22,365. Males had a median income of $34,327 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,835. About 31.5% of families and 38.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 56.3% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Cumberland is home to the main campus of Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical College, part of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System.

Cumberland has a lending library, a branch of the Harlan County Public Library.

Arts and culture
Cumberland is home to Kingdom Come State Park, which features a lake, gift shop, camp sites, miniature golf, paddle boating, picnic facilities, primitive camping, hiking trails, and an amphitheatre. The park is home to natural rock formations including Raven Rock and Log Rock. Two overlooks in the park provide scenic views of the Appalachian Mountains.

Cumberland is home to the annual Kingdom Come Swappin' Meetin', a festival honoring Appalachian history, folklore, and products. The festival is held on the campus of Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical College in Cumberland. The festival includes live demonstrations of Appalachian methods and traditions. The most recent festival is the annual Black Bear Festival, in honor of the popular black bears at Kingdom Come State Park.

See also
 Cumberland Central Business District

References

Further reading
 Caudill, Harry M., Night Comes to the Cumberlands (1963).

Cities in Harlan County, Kentucky
Cities in Kentucky
Populated places established in 1826
Mining communities in Kentucky
1826 establishments in Kentucky

Cumberland, Kentucky


Sportsnet 360 is a Canadian English language cable and satellite television specialty channel. Sportsnet 360 is owned by Rogers Media. They show sports highlights, news, analysis programming as well as live sports coverage with basketball, college/university sports, mixed martial arts, professional wrestling, and soccer.

The channel was first launched in 1994 and was known as Sportscope. It was relaunched in May 1997 under the name Headline Sports with channel licencing Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.

The licence was rewritten by the CRTC to allow live sports programming and because of this, as well as legal issues with U.S. cable news channel CNN Headline News which also had a "Headline Sports" segment, the channel became known as The Score Television Network.

On October 19, 2012, they were acquired by Rogers Media for $167 million. On July 1, 2013, Rogers renamed the channel Sportsnet 360.

Programming
Aftermath
Blue Jays in 30
Blue Jays Xpress
CIS football & basketball
European Poker Tour
Major League Baseball (Toronto Blue Jays)
Major League Soccer
NCAA football & basketball
Prime Time Sports with Bob McCown
The Ultimate Fighter
Tim & Sid
UEFA Champions League
World Poker Tour
WWE Experience
WWE Raw
WWE SmackDown
WWE Vintage

References

Other websites
Official website

Canadian television channels

Sportsnet 360


Polypedilum vanderplanki or the sleeping chironomid, is a dipteran in the family Chironomidae (non-biting midges). It occurs in the semi-arid regions of the African continent (e.g. northern Nigeria and Uganda). Its larvae are found in small tubular nests in the mud at the bottom of temporary pools that frequently dry out during the lifetime of P. vanderplanki larvae. Under these conditions, the larvae's body desiccates to as low as 3% water content by weight. In the dehydrated state the larvae become impervious to many extreme environmental conditions, and can survive temperatures from 3 K to up to 375 K, very high (7000 gray) levels of gamma-rays, and exposure to vacuum. It is one of few metazoans that can withstand near complete desiccation (anhydrobiosis) in order to survive adverse environmental conditions. Slow desiccation (0.22 ml per day) enabled larvae to synthesize 38 μg trehalose/individual, and all of them recovered after rehydration, whereas larvae that were dehydrated 3 times faster  accumulated only 6.8 μg trehalose/individual and none of them revived after rehydration. Late Embryo Abundant (LEA), anti-oxidant, and heat-shock proteins may also be involved in survival. This species is considered the most cold-tolerant insect species, able to survive liquid helium (−270 °C) exposure for up to 5 min. with a 100% survival rate when desiccated to 8% water content.

References

Chironomidae
Insects described in 1951

Polypedilum vanderplanki


Ervin Drake (born Ervin Maurice Druckman; April 3, 1919 – January 15, 2015) was an American songwriter whose works include such American Songbook standards as "I Believe" and "It Was a Very Good Year". He wrote in a variety of styles and his work has been recorded by musicians around the world. In 1983, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Biography
Born in New York City, Drake had his first song published at age 12, in 1931. The son of Jewish immigrants Max Druckman and Pearl Cohen, he attended Townsend Harris High School in the borough of Manhattan, graduating in 1935, and went on to receive a Bachelor of Arts degree in social science from the City College of New York in 1940. His elder brother, Milton Drake, also became a songwriter, with work including "Java Jive" and "Nina Never Knew"; and his younger brother Arnold Drake, became a writer for DC Comics, Marvel Comics, and others, as well as an author and playwright.

Drake wrote the lyrics for "Perdido", composed by trombonist Juan Tizol, a member of Duke Ellington's orchestra, and first recorded (by Ellington) in 1944. Besides composing music and lyrics for dozens of pieces he was also a television producer and worked with performers including Jackie Gleason and Milton Berle. Among his best known songs is "I Believe", the first hit song ever introduced on television, which was written for and introduced by Jane Froman on her television show in 1953, and became a number-one hit for Frankie Laine, holding the record for number of non-consecutive weeks spent at number one in the UK. It has also been recorded by many other artists including Barbra Streisand and Elvis Presley.

He wrote the words and music for "It Was a Very Good Year" in 1961, when a publisher friend told him that Bob Shane of the folk music group the Kingston Trio would be in the publisher's office the next morning, and the publisher asked Drake to write a song for Shane to sing solo. Shane recorded it for the album Goin' Places and other folk performers covered it. In a 2009 interview, Drake said that in 1965, Frank Sinatra had heard the song on his car radio as he was driving home in the desert and immediately pulled over in the middle of the night to a gas station and pay phone.  Sinatra called Gordon Jenkins and told him he wanted him to make an arrangement with plenty of strings and maybe an interesting instrument like the oboe could be used as well.  When he arrived back in L.A. he recorded it for his career comeback album September of My Years. The Sinatra recording was a Top 30 single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1966, and made No.1 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

As a lyricist, Drake, with composer Irene Higginbotham, wrote the jazz standard "Good Morning Heartache". It has been recorded by many artists, including Billie Holiday and later Diana Ross when she portrayed Holiday in the movie Lady Sings the Blues. Most recently, Gloria Estefan recorded it for her 2013 album The Standards, and sang it to Ervin and wife Edith on live TV on CBS This Morning.  Following the performance Ervin, Gloria and the two hosts bantered a while about love and love lost.

Drake was the founding president of American Guild of Authors and Composers from 1973 to 1982, which has since changed its name to Songwriters Guild of America.

On January 15, 2015, Drake died at his home in Great Neck, New York due to complications from bladder cancer shortly before his 96th birthday.

Awards and honors
Drake received several honorary doctorates and achievement awards, as well as being inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame in 1983.

On June 30, 2013, Five Towns College named the Ervin Drake Popular Music Center after Drake.

Selected works

Songs
 "Now I Have Everything"
 "A Room without Windows"
 "Bachelor Girl"
 "I Believe"
 "Good Morning Heartache"
 "It Was a Very Good Year"
 "The Rickety Rickshaw Man"
 "I Wuv A Rabbit"
 "Who Are These Strangers"
 "I'm A Card Carrying Bleeding Heart Liberal"
 "One God"
 "Lying Beneath A Scrubby Palmetto"
 "I've Never Had The Pleasure"

English-language lyrics written for foreign-language songs
 "Al di là"
 "Perdido"
 "Tico-Tico"
 "Quando Quando Quando"

Broadway
Heads or Tails (1947) - play - co-playwright with Hans Lengsfelder
What Makes Sammy Run? (1964) - musical - composer and lyricist
Her First Roman (1968) - composer, lyricist, and bookwriter
Sophisticated Ladies (1981) - revue - featured songwriter for "Perdido" with Juan Tizol and Hans Lengsfelder
Motown the Musical (2013) - featured songwriter for "Good Morning Heartache"
Billie Holiday (2014)  featured songwriter for  "Good Morning Heartache"

References

External links

1919 births
2015 deaths
American musical theatre composers
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
City College of New York alumni
Deaths from bladder cancer
Songwriters from New York (state)
Townsend Harris High School alumni
Jewish American composers
Jewish American songwriters
21st-century American Jews

Ervin Drake


The UCF Orlando Jazz Festival is an annual jazz event hosted at the University of Central Florida founded in 2008 to bring world-class jazz to Orlando, Florida, and has appeared twice on Jazz Set, a program hosted by Dee Dee Bridgewater that appears on Sirius/XM Radio and NPR.  It is a combination of performances by top artists, the UCF Jazz Ensemble 1, the UCF All-Star High School Jazztet, a national honors-combo featuring top high school jazz students, and appearances by some of the top high school bands in the State of Florida as part of a second-day clinic.

Guest Artists

Over the six years of the two-day festival, it has featured guest artists:

One for All
Charles McPherson
Mulgrew Miller
Terrell Stafford
Lenny Pickett
Lou Donaldson
Kevin Mahogany
Mike LeDonne
Dr. Lonnie Smith
Grant Stewart
Guisando Caliente
Antonio Hart
Michael Philip Mossman
Catherine Russell
David Hazeltine

References

University of Central Florida
Jazz festivals in the United States
Music festivals in Orlando, Florida

UCF Orlando Jazz Festival


Pamela Brown (December 31, 1924 – 1989) was a British novelist, stage writer, actress and television producer.

Literary career
Pamela Brown was just 13 when she started writing her first book, The Swish of the Curtain, in 1938. A year later, when World War II  broke out, she left Colchester County High School, a selective grammar school for girls, and went to live in Wales with her family. She continued with her writing however, sending chapters of the book to her friends back in Colchester, Essex, and finally finished the book when she was 16.

The Swish of the Curtain tells the story of seven stage-struck children who form an amateur theatre company in a town called Fenchester, Brown's made-up name for her home town of Colchester. She herself was passionate about the theatre and, from an early age, put on plays with her friends. She went on to write several sequels to her first book, and other children's novels. Her career as an actress and television producer provided her with much detail about early television and life in repertory.

Stage career
With her earnings from The Swish of the Curtain, Brown trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She worked on the professional stage as 'Mela Brown', to avoid confusion with another actress of the same name.

Television career
For some years, Pamela Brown produced children's programmes for BBC television. One of her final television appearances was as a guest on Blue Peter alongside the various young actors and actresses who appeared in the television adaptation of The Swish of the Curtain, including Sarah Greene, who was later to be a Blue Peter presenter.

Works
The Swish of the Curtain (1941) novel
Maddy Alone (1945) novel
Golden Pavements (1947) novel
Blue Door Venture (1949) novel
The Children of Camp Fortuna (1949) A play in one act for children
To be a Ballerina, and other stories (1950) short story collection
Family Playbill (1951) novel
The Television Twins (1952) novel
Harlequin Corner (1953) novel
The Windmill Family (1954) novel
Louisa (1955) novel
The Bridesmaids (1956) novel
Maddy Again (1956) novel
Back-Stage Portrait (1957)
Showboat Summer (1957) novel
Understudy (1958)
As far as Singapore (1959) novel
First House (1959) novel
A Little Universe (1970) novel
Summer is a Festival (1972) novel
Looking after Libby (1974) novel
The Girl who Ran Away (1976) novel
Every Day is Market Day (1977) novel
The Finishing School (1984) novel

References

External links

British children's writers
British women short story writers
1924 births
1989 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
People educated at Colchester County High School
20th-century British novelists
20th-century British short story writers
British women children's writers
20th-century British women writers

Pamela Brown (writer)


The Beasley Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Athens, Ohio, United States.  Constructed at the turn of the 20th century, this industrial building has been named a historic site.

Built of brick with elements of iron, the Beasley Building is a three-story structure with a five-bay facade.  Each bay features paired Romanesque Revival windows above a beltcourse with cornice, while an entablature of geometric shapes surrounds the building near its roofline.  Upon its construction, the building was intended to convey a sense of architectural balance, contrasting the two-story height of the main windows with the beltcourse and frieze, as well as a sense of pure massiveness.

Situated in downtown Athens, the Beasley Building lies within an area that has served as Athens' commercial center since the community's founding.  Substantial industry in the area began in 1840 when the Hocking Canal was constructed through the area, and the coming of the Scioto and Hocking Valley Railroad in 1855 expanded its commercial importance.  Charles Higgins, a local miller, was one of the partners in the firm of Eldridge and Higgins, which bought the building's site in 1904 and began construction, although it was then purchased by Frank Beasley, a prominent miller from nearby Amesville.  His firm eventually turned the Beasley Building into the region's largest gristmill powered by electricity, although it eventually closed and was converted for grocery purposes.

Late in 1982, the Beasley Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and its place in the area's history.  One year later, the building was awarded approximately $1.1 million in federal rehabilitation tax credits.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Athens County, Ohio
Grinding mills in Ohio
Food retailers of the United States
Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Commercial buildings completed in 1905
Buildings and structures in Athens, Ohio
1905 establishments in Ohio

Beasley Building


A duty editor (also known as editor of the day) in news media, such as radio and television, is a senior journalist with editorial and managerial duties. A duty editor acts as an editor in the absence of the news editor (compare: duty officer). In many cases, it is the duty editor who takes most day-to-day decisions. The duty editor is responsible for planning and running scheduled and breaking news broadcasts, gives assignments to reporters and acts as their supervisor, and decides which content that shall be broadcast, how it shall be presented and in what order.

In large media organizations such as the BBC or other public broadcasters, the actual editor or news editor is often a senior manager who is seldom directly involved in day-to-day decisions, having delegated editorial duties to a senior journalist. The duty editor is usually the most senior journalist who is present at a news desk. There may be several duty editors on duty with different areas of responsibility; in the BBC, there is always a "home duty editor" and a "foreign duty editor" on duty, responsible for domestic and foreign news, respectively.

References

Types of editors

Duty editor


The 1899 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 12th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1899 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Jones' Road, Dublin, on 24 March 1901 between Wexford, represented by club side Blackwater, and Tipperary, represented by club side Moycarkey. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 3–12 to 1–4.

Match details

1
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship finals
Tipperary GAA matches
Wexford GAA matches
March 1901 sports events

1899 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final


The Dodge Viper (SR II) is the second-generation Dodge Viper sports car, manufactured by American automobile manufacturer Dodge. Two versions of the Viper were produced during the second generation.  The RT/10, which had many parts carried over from the previous generation during the initial year of production and a new coupe named the GTS which was introduced mid 1996.

Production and specification history

The 1996 model year marked as the start of production for the second-generation Viper, codenamed the SR II. The car was essentially an updated version of the first-generation Viper, since most of its parts were carried over to this generation.

The second-generation RT/10 received minor changes, the biggest change being the exhaust position. The side-exiting exhaust pipes were now enclosed and relocated to exit the rear of the vehicle via a single muffler, exiting through two large centrally-positioned tail pipes.  This reduced back pressure which increased the power to  and the torque to . A removable hardtop was now available along with a sliding glass window. A few steel suspension components were replaced by aluminum, which resulted in  of weight reduction.

In late 1996, a new model of the Viper was introduced. Known as the GTS, the car was a coupé version of the RT/10 and offered more power than the RT/10 upon release. Dubbed the "double bubble", the roof of the car featured slightly raised sections over the driver and passenger seats that looked like bubbles to accommodate additional head room for helmets during track days. This look was retained for all of the subsequent generations of Viper coupes following the SR II. Over 90% of the GTS contained new parts compared to the RT/10 despite similar looks, and the 8.0-liter V10 engine received a power increase, with the engine now producing a maximum power output of . The GTS was also the first Viper to receive airbags.

In 1997 and 1998 model years the Viper would continue to receive minor updates. The GTS would get second-generation airbags, revised exhaust manifolds, and a revised camshaft for 1997, and the RT/10 would gain a power increase up to  for 1998.

Lighter hypereutectic pistons and factory frame improvements were made for the Viper in 2000, as well as another camshaft revision.  The lighter pistons, being of cast construction, are not able to safely withstand high levels of forced induction compared to the earlier forged pistons.  This difference has led to enthusiasts sometimes referring to the 2000-02 model years as "creampuff cars".

In 2001, the Viper was equipped with an Anti-lock braking system as well as revised front brakes.

Colors would vary throughout the second generation. Dodge would offer three or four colors per model year. Some colors such as steel gray were only offered for one model year (MY2000) while other colors such as red were offered during the entire second generation.  Interior colors and wheel options would also vary throughout the second generation.  The 1999 model year introduced the Connolly "Cognac" interior option.   The cobalt blue color of the Dodge Viper GTS seen in the Viper (TV series) was exclusively available to the series.

Stripes would be an option beginning in 1996. The GTS stripes were larger, fuller stripes than the stripes offered on the 1996 RT/10. The GTS had twin stripes (8 inches wide with a 4-inch gap in between) that ran from the front bumper all the way through the rear bumper. 1996 was the only model year in which the stripes would run through the rear license plate area. Stripes on later models would run from front to rear but did not run through the rear license plate area.

Performance testing
Hot Rod Magazine test results in December 1997:

0-: 1.6 sec

0-: 4.3 sec

0-: 6.6 sec

0-: 9.1 sec

0-: 13.5 sec

0-: 12.4 sec @ 115.0 mph

: 11.9 sec

Special editions

ACR
The Viper ACR was introduced in 1999, as an optional performance package. The package included a revised air intake, deletion of the air conditioning and Alpine audio system, adjustable suspension, and a supplemental five-point restraint system. The car also included unique one-piece forged-aluminum 18-inch BBS wheels along with interior updates and power windows.  Air conditioning and an audio system could be added as part of the optional Comfort Group package. Power output of 460 hp (343 kW; 466 PS) and 500 lb⋅ft (678 N⋅m) for all ACR models.

GT2 Champion Edition
In order to commemorate the car's 1997 FIA GT Championship GT2 class win, Dodge built the Viper GT2 Champion Edition (also incorrectly referred as GTS-R due to adapting many of the race car's visual features), a special edition taking the name of its racing counterpart's class. The V10 engine in the GT2 model was rated at a power output of  and . The bodywork was made similar to that of the Chrysler Viper GTS-R, including the colors, aerodynamics package, and visual design in order to publicize the Viper's motorsport achievement. 100 cars were produced. Contrary to popular belief, the car was not built to meet any homologation requirements, as the race car came first.

Motorsport

In 1996, Dodge constructed a race car along with English racing team Reynard Motorsport and French racing team Oreca for GT class in LeMans called the Viper GTS-R. The result would end up in a race car that would race 12 years in motorsport with 163 wins in 262 races completed.

The car was unveiled in the same year at the IMSA GT Championship, with racing team Canaska Southwind. Competing in the GTS-1 class (the highest of classes at the time), its first race was at the 24 Hours of Daytona, with a finish at the 29th position. It would fare much better in the following races, finishing at 12th position at the 12 Hours of Sebring. The team would switch to GTS-2 afterwards however, after achieving no further improvements.

Oreca and Canaska Southwind entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with three of the four entrants finishing the race, the Canaska Southwind car performing the best at the 10th place. Both teams would return to their respective series, Oreca concluding the year with an eighth place at Brands Hatch, ninth at Spa, and sixth at Nogaro in the BPR Global GT Series, and Canaska Southwind concluding their season second in class at Mosport and sixth overall.

For 1999 and 2000, Oreca expanded greatly, racing in both the ALMS and FIA GT Championship series respectively, earning them nine wins, one of them won by a racing team ran by Paul Belmondo. Oreca would win the championships. Meanwhile, at the FIA GT Championship, a team named Chamberlain had improved to finish second overall.

Oreca would go on to win their second consecutive win later at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the top six positions in every class being taken by various GTS-Rs driven by Oreca and other teams. Oreca would leave the series in 1999, in favour of the ALMS, leaving the privateers to race there. The remaining Viper racing teams were still competitive with four race wins, but they would lose to the Lister racing teams, and their Lister Storm race cars, with them winning five races.

The GTS-R would make its first appearance in the FFSA GT Championship, and would see the first overall win for Zakspeed in the 24 Hours of Nürburgring. The three other teams DDO, ART, and MMI teams would win a total of eight victories.

In 2003, the winning ways of the GTS-R would fade away, as the dominance of the Prodrive-built Ferrari 550 GTS race cars would rise. 2004 oversaw the Viper GTS-R begin to phase out, and the car would eventually diminish entirely from competition by 2007 and 2008.

A modified Dodge Viper GTS-ACR driven by Greg Crick under the team Crickcars.com entered the 2006 Australian GT Championship and won the series, with 713 points in total.

Gallery

References

Viper SR II
Sports cars
Cars introduced in 1995

Dodge Viper (SR II)


The Mother Tongue Film Festival is an annual international film festival of films with lesser-used languages from around the world.  It is organized by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and has been held to coincide with International Mother Tongue Day on 21 February each year since 2016.

It is run by the Recovering Voices program, a collaboration between the National Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of the American Indian, and the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, with support from the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Q?rius, The Coralyn W. Whitney Science Education Center, the Embassy of Canada to the United States, the University of Edinburgh, New York University at Washington DC, the Québec Government Office in Washington DC, Eaton Workshop DC, the Georgetown University Department of Anthropology, The WEM Foundation & Betty and Whitney MacMillan and Ferring Pharmaceuticals.

External links
 Official Mother Tongue Film Festival site

Minority language film
Film festivals in Washington, D.C.
Multilingual mass media
Smithsonian Institution
Film festivals established in 2017
Multiculturalism in the United States
Multilingualism
Festivals of multiculturalism
Language festivals
Linguistic rights

Mother Tongue Film Festival


Henry Vincent (10 May 1813 – 29 December 1878) was active in the formation of early Working Men's Associations in Britain, a popular Chartist leader, brilliant and gifted public orator, prospective but ultimately unsuccessful Victorian member of parliament, and later an anti-slavery campaigner.

Early life

Vincent was born in High Holborn, the son of a goldsmith. He saw his father's business fail, a decline in circumstances that prompted the family to move to Kingston upon Hull.

By 1828 Vincent was a young apprentice boy in the growing printing trade. Once his apprenticeship was completed he returned to London to pursue his printing career. At this time he was very interested in the views of Tom Paine and especially Paine's views on universal suffrage (including votes for women) and state welfare benefits.

Political awakening

By 1833 Vincent was in London working as a printer but also deepening his political awareness and knowledge. In 1836 he joined the recently formed London Working Men's Association and he was quickly recognised as one of the best young orators promoting universal suffrage and workers rights.

In 1837 he accompanied John Cleave on a summer speaking tour in the industrial north of England and they helped local activists to establish Working Men's Associations in Hull, Leeds, Bradford, Halifax and Huddersfield.

Responsibility and resistance

In 1838 Vincent was given responsibility for promoting universal suffrage and welfare benefits and Working Men's Associations in industrial South Wales and the West Country of England from Cornwall up to Wiltshire and Gloucestershire.

During this time the message of votes for all, improvement of working conditions, shorter work days (Early Closing Movement), adequate wages and the right to meet to improve conditions for all was meeting stiff resistance from the Establishment, gentry, employers and industrialists.  During a visit to Devizes, Vincent was knocked unconscious when he was beaten up.

Oratorial virtuosity and appearance

Vincent was an accomplished public orator, passionate but logical and a clear, concise speaker with energy and drive.  He was able to convince men and women from all walks of life to agree with his message. It was said of him that he was

RC Gammage in his account of "The History of The Chartist Movement" in 1859:

Target of the authorities

The authorities sought to obstruct Vincent and deny him the opportunity to speak out. They feared a worker's revolution with resulting violence and damage to property, and they were particularly opposed to those Chartists who were advocating the use of physical force to achieve their aims and vent their resentment and fury.

Government spies followed Vincent, seeking evidence to arrest and convict him at a time when transportation to Australia or death by hanging were some of the punishments for stirring up social unrest.

Gaol

In May 1839 Vincent was arrested and imprisoned at Monmouth County Gaol for making inflammatory remarks. He was eventually tried at Shire Hall, Monmouth on 2 August 1839 and sentenced to one year imprisonment.

Whilst in prison, he was denied writing materials and only permitted religious books as reading material.

It was in part at least the arrest of this prominent and popular chartist leader that gave rise to the Newport Rising in South Wales 1839.

Release, rearrest and gaol again

Upon release, Vincent found himself under close scrutiny again.  He was re-arrested almost immediately for "using seditious language".

In court, he conducted his own defence, but was found guilty and sentenced to another year imprisonment.

This time, he was permitted visits from, amongst others, Francis Place, who was allowed to teach Vincent French, political economy and history.

Release, marriage and a new publication
Upon his release from prison in January 1841 Vincent made plans to marry Lucy, the daughter of John Cleave, editor of the Working Man's Friend. The newly married couple took up residence in Bath, amongst close friends and supporters and began the publication of The National Vindicator.

Modified stance and message
Vincent was immediately back on the road, making up for lost time and promulgating the Chartist message throughout the country.  This time he was shrewd enough to take a stance with the "moral force" chartists under William Lovett rather than the "physical force chartists" and spoke using less inflammatory language, focusing on improving education and the moral improvement of the working classes. He now joined groups linked with the more readily popular temperance movement and helped form teetotal political societies. Many of the leading industrialists, or their wives, were in favour of teetotalism and temperance, and condemned the social evils of drink.

However, there was a price to pay for this moderate stance. Previously close allies within the Chartist movement such as Feargus O'Connor now fell out with Vincent, disagreeing over the watering down of the physical force message and the distraction of the non-central temperance message.

In 1842 Vincent contributed to the setting up of the Complete Suffrage Union. Although still a member of the National Charter Association, Vincent was no longer the envied spirited orator and firm ally of the inner circle of the most prominent and influential Chartists.  Some of his old friendships and bonds were now broken.

Attempted political career
The National Vindicator ceased publication in 1842 and Vincent focused more on lectures, on wider subjects than Chartism. He gave a lecture on the Great Exhibition at the Concert-room in Wisbech in 1851. He stood for election as an Independent Radical in Ipswich (1842 and 1847), Tavistock (1843), Kilmarnock (1844), Plymouth (1846), and finally York (1848 and 1852). He was unsuccessful each time.

Later career
Despite these setbacks, Vincent continued to hold and develop his views and was invited to speak on long tours of America in 1866, 1867 and again in 1875 and 1876. Anti-slavery was his focus at this stage. He also spoke by invitation on progressive political subjects, such as "Oliver Cromwell" in Rochester, New York on 2 December 1869.

His wider travels stimulated his interest in world politics and working conditions. In 1876 he was active in opposing atrocities that had taken place in Bulgaria.

On Wednesday 8 November 1876 in connection with the Huddersfield Literary and Scientific Institution, Vincent gave a lecture entitled: "The English-Speaking Race: Its Conflicts and Triumphs".

Death and legacy
Vincent died on 29 December 1878 and is buried at Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington.

References

External links
 The full text of Henry Vincent's account of his Life and Rambles, February to May 1839, on A Vision of Britain through Time, with links to the places mentioned.
 History Zone; Chartist Lives – Henry Vincent

Chartists
English abolitionists
Burials at Abney Park Cemetery
People from Holborn
1813 births
1878 deaths

Henry Vincent


An officiant or celebrant is someone who officiates (i.e. leads) at a religious or secular service or ceremony, such as marriage (marriage officiant), burial, namegiving or baptism.

Religious officiants, commonly referred to as celebrants, are usually ordained by a religious denomination as members of the clergy, and charged with conducting worship services and other religious ceremonies. Some officiants work within congregations in some denominations and for specified ceremonies (e.g., funerals) as non-ordained members on the clergy team. Clergy or officiants differ from chaplains in that the clergy serve the members of their congregation, while chaplains are usually employed by an institution such as the military, a hospital or other health care facility, etc.

Secular officiants include civil celebrants, Humanist celebrants, justices of the peace, marriage commissioners, notaries, and other persons empowered by law to perform ceremonies of legal import. Many secular celebrants conduct the whole range of ceremonies which mark the milestones of human life.

See also
Civil funeral celebrant
Celebrant (Australia)
Self-uniting marriage

References

Wedding ceremony participants
Christian worship roles
Religious occupations

Officiant


Serge Mouille (24 December 1922 – 1988) was a French industrial designer and goldsmith.  He is best known for his light fixture designs.

Biography
He was born and raised in a popular part of Paris. At the age of 13 he was admitted to the École des Arts Appliqués. His area of study was metallurgy and he earned a diploma in silversmithing.

After having worked a few years in the workshop of Gilbert Lacroix, he opened his own workshop in 1945 with the intention of creating silverware utensils.

In 1953 he began researching and designing light fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des Artistes Décorateurs ("the Interior Decorators' Society").

The following year, Steph Simon opened a design gallery at 145 Bd St Germain in Paris. Displaying the work of Charlotte Perriand and Jean Prouvé, the gallery soon also featured the work of Serge Mouille, Isamu Noguchi, and Jean Luce. The designs of these artists soon become more widely known thanks to orders placed by institutions such as, Cité universitaire d'Antony, University of Strasbourg, University of Aix-Marseille, and Centre d'essais en vol de Brétigny.

Serge Mouille suffered from tuberculosis for many years, and in 1959 he was forced to suspend his design activities and undergo treatment.

In 1961, thanks to the Société de Création des Modèles, he was able to exhibit his latest light fixture designs at the trade show Salon des arts ménagers. These designs combined the concepts of fluorescence and incandescence.

Production of his light fixtures stopped definitively in 1961.

Serge Mouille remains famous primarily for his minimalistic designs and use of uniformly black painted metal materials. His wall-mounted spot light fixture with articulated arms is typical for his discrete, yet highly functional designs.

References

Cited

General

External links
 SergeMouilleUSA.com: Official website and distributor for United States
 sergemouille.de: Official distributor for Germany, Austria and Eastern Europe
 École des Arts Appliqués

French industrial designers
French goldsmiths
Lighting engineers
1922 births
1988 deaths

Serge Mouille


Capacitance is the ability of a body to store electric charge.  A common device to do such task is a capacitor. The SI unit for capacitance is farad.

Where Q is the charge in the object and V is voltage across that object.

Related pages
 Electricity
 Capacitor

Electricity

Capacitance


Ebba Thomsen (3 May 1887 – 18 December 1973) was a Danish actress during the golden era of silent films in Denmark. Thomsen was best known for her roles as the elegant leading lady opposite the Danish matinee idol Valdemar Psilander.

Life and career
Ebba Thomsen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark on 3 May 1887,  the daughter of Ove Thomsen, one of the leading Danish fashion designers. Thomsen debuted on stage at Det Ny Teater in 1910 and began to perform in cinema in 1912 at Nordisk Film. From then until the early 1920s, Thomsen appeared in about 75 films—mostly as the lead actress—and achieved star status in Denmark. Her most notables roles were in films in which she worked with Nordisk Film's biggest male star, Valdemar Psilander.

In a newspaper interview for her 50th birthday, Thomsen said that her "unique success depended on two things: First, that Psilander and I suited one another. I was actually a little too tall for him, yet our types suited each other, our movements, our acting. In short, we were a born 'film-couple'." Thomsen then credited her father with giving her "an absolute sense of style. I knew precisely how every fabric should look on me, whether it was a princess' gown or a washerwoman's rags." Thomsen was usually cast in roles as princesses, countesses, or artists.

In 1915, Thomsen married the Norwegian actor Thorleif Lund.  She left Nordisk Film in 1917 to open a touring company in Norway with her husband. The company failed and Thomsen quickly returned to filmmaking.  In the 1920s she appeared in a series of films for the Danish Astra Film Company under the direction of Fritz Magnussen. She returned to Nordisk for two final films and then retired from film in 1925. She performed on stage for the final time at the Dagmar Theater in 1930.

Thomsen returned to give one performance in a sound film when she appeared in the 1952 Alice O'Fredericks film Husmandstøsen at the age of 65. She died 18 December 1973, aged 86.

Filmography

References

External links

<Ebba Thomsen at the Den Danske Film Database (in Danish)

Danish film actresses
Danish stage actresses
Danish silent film actresses
20th-century Danish actresses
1887 births
1973 deaths

Ebba Thomsen


The Holy Qurbana (, Qurbānā Qaddišā in Eastern Syriac or Qurbānā Qandišā in the Indian variant of Eastern Syriac, the "Holy Offering" or "Holy Sacrifice" in English), refers to the Eucharistic liturgy as celebrated in East Syriac Christianity and the liturgical books containing the rubrics for its celebration. Churches that celebrate this liturgy include various descendants of the Church of the East. East Syriac Christianity consists of an Edessan liturgical rite called the East Syriac Rite (also known as the Edessan Rite, Assyrian Rite, Babylonian Rite, Chaldean Rite or Persian Rite). The major anaphora of the East Syriac tradition is the Holy Qurbana of Saints Addai and Mari; Addai being a disciple of Thomas the Apostle and Mari being Addai's disciple. These churches are primarily based in the Middle East and India, with diasporic communities settled in the western world.

The East Syriac Rite is employed by the Assyrian Church of the East based in Iraq (including its archdiocese the Chaldean Syrian Church of India) and the Ancient Church of the East based in Iraq. Additionally, the rite is employed by the Syro-Malabar Church based in India and the Chaldean Catholic Church based in Iraq, both of which are sui iuris Eastern Catholic Churches.

Etymology
The East Syriac word Qurbana is derived from the Syriac word qūrbānā (), which, along with its meaning of Eucharist, may also mean offering, sacrifice, or gift. It is from the root Q-R-B, related to approaching. It is a cognate with Hebrew itself a Sryiac word   and Arabic  .

When the Temple stood in Jerusalem, and sacrifices were offered, "qorban" was a technical Hebrew term for some of the offerings that were brought there. It comes from a Hebrew root, "qarab", meaning "to draw close or 'near'". A required  was offered morning and evening daily and on holidays (at certain times, additional  were offered), in addition to which individuals could bring an optional personal Korban.

The Holy Qurbana is referred to as "complete" worship, since it is performed for the benefit of all members of the Church. The other sacraments are celebrated for individual members. Thus, the Holy Qurbana is believed to be the sacrament that completes all the others. Hence it is called the "sacrament of perfection" or the "queen of sacraments".

Usage

The East Syriac or Chaldean rite was associated with the historical Church of the East, centered in the Persian capital of Seleucia-Ctesiphon. Today the Liturgy of Mar Addai and Mari is used in the Ancient Church of the East, the Assyrian Church of the East, the Chaldean Catholic Church, as well as the Syro-Malabar Church and the Chaldean Syrian Church based in Kerala, India.

Edessan Liturgical Rite

The Liturgy of Saints Addai and Mari belongs to the Edessan Rite (East Syriac), the anaphora or Eucharistic Prayer that is part of this liturgy, possibly dating back to 3rd-century Edessa, and is the oldest in Christianity.  This liturgy is traditionally attributed to Saint Addai (disciple of Saint Thomas the Apostle) and Saint Mari (a disciple of Saint Addai). In the form given in the oldest manuscripts, all of the High Middle Ages, this anaphora does not include the Words of Institution, a matter that raised ecumenical concerns.

Qudasha of Saints Addai and Mari

The Qudasha or Eucharistic Prayer that is part of the East Syriac Rite is of particular interest, being one of the oldest in Christianity, possibly dating back to 3rd-century Edessa, even if the outline of the current form can only be traced as far back as the time of the Patriarch Ishoyahb III in the 7th century. In the form given in the oldest manuscripts, this anaphora does not include the Words of Institution. The Eastern Catholic churches employing this liturgy have the Words of Institution included.

Other Qudashe

Qudasha of Mar Theodore

The Qudasha of Theodore of Mopsuestia is one of three Eucharistic liturgies used in the East Syriac Rite. It is currently employed by Assyrian Church of the East, Ancient Church of the East, the Syro-Malabar Church and to a lesser extend in the Chaldean Catholic Church, which are descendants of the erstwhile Church of the East. It is attributed to Theodore of Mopsuestia and is considered to be his genuine work. It is used from Advent until the Sunday of the Hossanas.

Qudasha of Mar Nestorius

The Qudasha of Nestorius  is one of the Eucharistic liturgies used by the erstwhile Church of the East.  It is currently employed in the Holy Qurbana of the Chaldean Catholic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, Ancient Church of the East, and the Syro-Malabar Church, which are descendants of the Church of the East. It is a part of the East Syriac Rite, formally attributed to Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople and is traditionally  celebrated for the Feast of the Epiphany, Commemoration of St. John the Baptist, Commemoration of the Greek Teachers: Mar Diodore, Mar Theodore the interpreter and Mar Nestorius, and also for the Wednesday liturgy of the Rogation of the Ninevites, and the Feast of the Passover (Holy Thursday).

Holy Malka

Traditionally the East Syriac Churches use leavened bread for the Eucharist, like most churches of Eastern Christianity, but they are the only Churches to include the additional ingredient of Holy Malka (or Holy Leaven). Holy Leaven is a powder added to sacramental bread before it is baked. Despite the name, Holy Leaven does not actually contain a leavening agent. Instead, hmira, fermented dough from previously used sacramental bread, is added and acts as leaven.
What the Holy Leaven does contain is remainder from the original Holy Leaven, renewed annually by mixing it with common ingredients.

See also
Holy Qurobo
Mass in the Catholic Church
Divine Liturgy
Holy Leaven
Mystery of Crowning

References

Works cited

Further reading
 Explanation about the Holy Qurbana -  St. Mary's Malankara Orthodox Cathedral of Philadelphia

Eucharist
Church of the East
Eastern Christianity
Assyrian Church of the East
Chaldean Catholic Church
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
Ancient Church of the East

Holy Qurbana


Hans Vilhelm Adolf Juhl, nicknamed Gestapo-Juhl (born 1903/1904, date of death unknown), was a German SS-officer.

Juhl was an SS-Hauptscharführer (First Sergeant), kriminal oberassistent, and leader of the local Gestapo in the area around Helsingør (Elsinore) in Denmark from late summer 1943. He was born and raised in Schleswig-Holstein and spoke and understood Danish fairly well. He worked as a farmer outside of Flensburg before World War II and joined the Nazi party and SS shortly before the Nazi takeover of power in 1933. He arrived in Denmark shortly after the German occupation of Denmark in 1940.

In Helsingør Juhl and the local Gestapo moved into villa Wisborg, which became the center of activity of the local Gestapo. The basement was used for interrogation and as a jail. Juhl participated in the round-up of the Danish Jews in October 1943 and he was very actively involved in the capture of Danish Jews, who were trying to escape to Sweden. Gestapo Juhl was responsible for arresting about half of the 481 Danish Jews, who were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, including the razzia on the attic in Gilleleje Church on the night between the 6th and 7 October 1943, where 85 people were arrested. Juhl was not convicted for his crimes after the war.

References

SS non-commissioned officers
1900s births
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death missing
Gestapo personnel
People from Schleswig-Holstein

Hans Juhl


The national parks of Israel are historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated by the National Nature and Parks Authority. In 2015, Israel had 81 national parks and more than 400 nature reserves.

Some of the country's most notable parks are located at sites such as Tel Megiddo, Jerusalem and Ashkelon. These include the "Alexander stream" and "Mount Carmel National Park". Several parks and nature reserves have camping options, such as tent grounds and bungalows, open to small groups or campers. The main idea behind these parks and reserves is to guard the values of nature, landscape, heritage, and species.

Following the drying of Lake Hula, the Hula Reserve was established in 1964 and became the first declared nature reserve in Israel. It is a major stopover for birds migrating between Africa, Europe and Asia. In 1963 the Israeli parliament approved the "National parks and nature reserves act", and as a result, two authorities were established: the National Parks Authority and the Nature Reserves Authority. In 1998 the two authorities were merged into one body - Israel Nature and Parks Authority.

In Israel, the difference between national parks and nature reserves is often hard to make. National parks are in most cases centered around archaeological sites, but sometimes include protected nature as well. The nature reserves often contain not just protected flowers, trees and animals, but also archaeological sites of importance.

References

Other websites
Israel Nature and Parks Authority

Geography of Israel
National parks in Asia

National parks and nature reserves of Israel


Włodzimierz Bonawentura Krzyżanowski (; 8 July 1824 – 31 January 1887) was a Polish American engineer, politician, and brigadier general in the Union Army.

A Polish noble, he took part in the 1846 uprising against Prussia and left Poland after its suppression. During the American Civil War he enlisted in the United States' Union Army, recruited a company of Polish immigrants, and became colonel of the 58th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, listed in the official Army Register as the "Polish Legion".

In the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Krzyżanowski helped repel an evening assault by the famed Louisiana Tigers on the Union defenses atop East Cemetery Hill.
After the war he held several government posts, though it is disputed whether he was the first American administrator of Alaska Territory, as has been often stated.

Early life
Krzyżanowski was born in Rożnowo, Grand Duchy of Poznań, into an old Polish noble family that bore the Świnka coat of arms, and whose roots reached back to the 14th century and ownership of the village of Krzyżanowo near Kościan. Krzyżanowski's father and both uncles had fought for Polish independence under Napoleon's banners, and his brother fought in the November 1830 Uprising.

Krzyżanowski was a first cousin to Frédéric Chopin, whose mother Justyna Krzyżanowska's brother was Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski's father.

After the death of Krzyżanowski's father, the family fell into debt and had to leave their estate. The mother sent Włodzimierz to relatives in Poznań, while the rest of the family moved to Warsaw. Young Krzyżanowski attended St. Mary Magdalen Gymnasium in Poznań, a principal center of the Polish nationalist underground in Prussian Poland.

Krzyżanowski took part in the 1846 uprising against Prussia and, after its suppression, fled Poland to avoid arrest. He went to the Free City of Hamburg, from which he sailed to New York, eventually arriving on January 25, 1847. In the United States he learned the English language and continued his education.

After completing his education, Krzyżanowski worked as a civil engineer and surveyor in Virginia and was instrumental in pushing America's railroads west.  There he made the acquaintance of General Burnett and married his daughter Caroline, with whom he moved to Washington, D.C., to set up his own company, which brought him substantial wealth.  He also became active in Republican Party politics.  In 1860 he supported Abraham Lincoln's candidacy for president of the United States.

Civil War
In Washington, D.C., in early 1861, Krzyżanowski enlisted as a private two days after President Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers. Krzyżanowski recruited a company of Polish immigrants, one of the first companies of Union soldiers. He moved the company to New York City, enlisted more immigrants, and soon became colonel of the 58th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, listed in the official Army Register as the "Polish Legion".

Krzyżanowski participated in the battles of Cross Keys in the Shenandoah Valley, and Second Bull Run (Second Manassas), where he was injured when his horse fell, Chancellorsville, where his brigade and the corps they were part of were routed by a Confederate flank attack, and Gettysburg in the Eastern Theater.

President Lincoln appointed Krzyżanowski brigadier general on November 26, 1862. The appointment expired by law on March 4, 1863, because the U.S. Senate failed to confirm the promotion. The Senate belatedly approved the appointment on March 9, 1863, but recalled it March 11, 1863, returned it to President Lincoln on March 12, 1863, and tabled it on March 13, 1863, keeping the expiration of the appointment in effect.

At Gettysburg on 1 July 1863 his men were pushed back through the town as the Union XI Corps retreated.  During this action, Krzyżanowski was injured when his horse stumbled. However, next day he led a counterattack on Cemetery Hill that helped stabilize the faltering Union line.

Later in the year, the XI Corps was sent to the Western Theater to help raise the Confederate siege of Chattanooga. Krzyżanowski played a role in the Battle of Wauhatchie, where he followed Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's orders very literally, and was present at the Battle of Missionary Ridge.

When the XI Corps was dissolved, much of it being added to XX Corps, Krzyżanowski was assigned to command at Bridgeport, Alabama, to guard the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, and later to Stevenson, Alabama, both commands within the Department of the Cumberland. He also commanded the 3rd Brigade of the Defenses of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, reporting to Maj. Gen. Robert H. Milroy.

On 2 March 1865 President Lincoln nominated Krzyżanowski for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from 2 March 1865. The U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on 9 March 1865. Krzyżanowski was mustered out of the volunteers on 1 October 1865.

Postbellum
After the war, Krzyżanowski was given governing duties in Alabama. He later served as the appointed governor of  Georgia. Supposedly he also served as the first American administrator of Alaska Territory. However, the Anchorage Daily News was unable to find conclusive information to support or disprove this claim. It is said that the supposed posting was a reward for his services as personal representative of Secretary William H. Seward during the negotiations for the purchase of Alaska.

He served in the U.S. Treasury Department and later in the customs service in Panama and New York.

Krzyżanowski died in New York City. On 13 October 1937, the 50th anniversary of his death, his remains were transferred with military honors from Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, to Arlington National Cemetery. President Franklin D. Roosevelt broadcast a nationwide tribute via radio, and Poland's president, Ignacy Mościcki, transmitted his from Warsaw.

Legacy
Krzyżanowski's legacy was honored by the American Polish Civil War Centennial Committee during the 1960s, which lobbied politicians for a greater appreciation of his remembrance. Thomas J. Lane pushed for House Joint Resolution 707, which would have made 9 July 1962 "Gen. Kryzanowski Memorial Day". The resolution did not, however, receive sufficient support from Congress.

See also

List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Krzyżanowski, Wladimir. The Memoirs of Wladimir Krzyżanowski, translated by James S. Pula. San Francisco: R&E Research Associates, 1978. .
 Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. .
 Kruszewska, Mirosława, "Pierwsi Polacy w Ameryce, [23]  Zapomniany bohater" ("The First Poles in America,  [23]  A Forgotten Hero"), Gwiazda Polarna (Pole Star), vol. 102, no. 23 (5 November 2011), pp. 10–11.
 Kruszewska, Mirosława, "Gen. Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski (1824-1887) - zignorowany bohater" ("Gen. Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski (1824-1887):  A Forgotten Hero"), in Polacy w Ameryce (Poles in America), Stevens Point, WI, Point Publications, Inc., 2015, , pp. 107–19.

External links

Polish emigrants to the United States
American people of Polish descent
Polish generals
Polish nobility
Union Army generals
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1824 births
1887 deaths
People from Oborniki County
Polish people of the American Civil War

Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski


Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction movie. It stars James Franco, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, and Andy Serkis. It was released on August 5, 2011. It got positive reviews. A sequel to the movie, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, was released on July 11, 2014. A third movie, War for the Planet of the Apes was released on July 14, 2017.

Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars. He liked how Serkis played Caesar by saying it was a "wonderfully executed character" and "one never knows exactly where the human ends and the effects begin, but Serkis or Caesar gives the best performance in the movie."

References

Other websites

2011 science fiction movies
English-language movies
Planet of the Apes movies
20th Century Fox movies
Reboot movies
Dystopian movies
Movies about apes
Movies about animal rights
Movies about animal cruelty
Movies about genetic engineering
Movies about rebellions
Movies about scientists
Movies about viral outbreaks
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in Africa
Movies set in forests

Rise of the Planet of the Apes


The Inter-Colonial Tournament was the main first class cricket competition in the West Indies held between 1892-93 and 1938-39.

Competing teams
  Barbados
  British Guiana
  Trinidad

In the early tournaments British Guiana were sometimes referred to as Demerara. For simplicity British Guiana is used in the article.

The tournament was restricted to Amateurs. This excluded many of the leading black cricketers who were often Professionals.

Origins

A tournament between Barbados, British Guiana and Trinidad took place in 1891. Each team played the other, and then there was a final between the leading two teams. During this tournament a suggestion was made by Hon. Aucher Warner that there should be a regular series of matches between the three colonies to be played alternately at each colony.

By the time of the next tournament in 1893, a cup had been subscribed for but British Guiana were unable to take part, Barbados being winners again. This 1893 match is regarded as the first proper tournament.

Barbados as winners of the 1893 tournament were automatic finalists for the 1895 tournament, the other two teams playing to decide who would play them. The same procedure was used in the subsequent tournaments.

Due to travel costs and logistics of travelling to the other colonies, Jamaica never took part in the Inter-Colonial Tournament.

Results

British Guiana did not take part in 1893–94. The 13th series was unfinished, the final between Trinidad and Barbados being left drawn with the Barbados team needing to catch the boat home.

Initially the tournament was held every two years but after the 8th series it became an annual event although a number of years were missed for various reasons.

Summary

Of the 27 official series Trinidad won 11, Barbados won 10 and British Guiana won 5 with one unfinished.

Trinidad competed in 24 of the 27 finals, Barbados 19 and British Guiana 11.

In matches between Trinidad and Barbados, Trinidad won 11 and Barbados won 9 with 1 drawn. In matches between Trinidad and British Guiana, Trinidad won 13 and British Guiana won 6. In matches between Barbados and British Guiana, Barbados won 8 and British Guiana won 5.

References

 Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – A Guide to First Class Cricket Played in the West Indies
 Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – Complete First-class Match List, Volume 1 1801–1914
 Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – Complete First-class Match List, Volume 2 1914/15-1944/45
 Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – First Class Cricket Matches (various years)
 First-Class Cricket: A Complete Record (various years)
 Statistics of West Indies Cricket 1865–1989, Jimmy Richards & Mervyn Wong
 CricketArchive

West Indian domestic cricket competitions
West Indian cricket in the 20th century
First-class cricket competitions

Inter-Colonial Tournament


An anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle characterised by the absence of ovulation and a luteal phase. It may also vary in duration from a regular menstrual cycle.

Patterns
While the normal human menstrual cycle typically lasts 4 weeks (28 days, range 24–35 days) and consists of a follicular phase, ovulation, and a luteal phase followed by either menstruation or pregnancy, the anovulatory cycle has cycle lengths of varying degrees. In many circumstances, menstrual intervals are prolonged, reaching 35–180 days (oligomenorrhea) or even longer (amenorrhea). In other cases, menstruation may be fairly regular (eumenorrhea), more frequent (intervals of less than 21 days) or there may be a loss of menstrual pattern (menorrhagia, dysfunctional uterine bleeding).

Estrogen breakthrough bleeding
Normal menstrual bleeding in the ovulatory cycle is a result of a decline in progesterone due to the demise of the corpus luteum. It is thus a progesterone withdrawal bleed. As there is no progesterone in the anovulatory cycle, bleeding is caused by the inability of estrogen—which needs to be present to stimulate the endometrium in the first place—to support a growing endometrium. Anovulatory bleeding is hence termed 'estrogen breakthrough bleeding'.

Risks
Anemia
Bone density loss
Endometrial cancer
Infertility

Diagnosis
A physician needs to investigate the cause of anovulation. Common causes are:
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hypothalamic dysfunction
Perimenopause
Ovulatory dysfunction
Thyroid disorders
Hyperprolactinemia
Eating disorders, dieting or other disordered eating
Female athlete triad

With excessive or prolonged bleeding the diagnosis has to be made by a physician on a speedy basis. Other causes of gynecological bleeding need to be excluded, specifically bleeding related to pregnancy, leiomyoma, and cancer of the cervix or uterus.

Management
Women who do not ovulate and who want to get pregnant need a medical work-up to find out why they do not ovulate. Drugs are often given to induce ovulation, including oral medication such as  clomiphene or injectable medications.
In patients who do not want to get pregnant anovulation can be managed with the use of cyclic progesterone or progestin supplementation or use of hormonal contraception.

See also
Anovulation
Menstrual cycle
Ovulation

Notes

Mammal female reproductive system

Anovulatory cycle


Aristotelis Vlachopoulos (, 1866–1960) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and served as Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff in 1920–21.

Life
He was born in Corfu in about 1866. He entered the Hellenic Military Academy and graduated on 12 August 1887 as an artillery second lieutenant. Promoted to lieutenant in 1892, he fought in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 as a battery commander. He was subsequently appointed to the Army Staff Service, and served in it until 1913, being promoted to captain (1902), major (1910) and lieutenant colonel (1912).

In May 1914 he was placed as military attache to the Greek embassy to Serbia (then bound to Greece with a defensive alliance), returning in August 1915 to assume the direction of the Military Academy. Due to the mobilization ordered in September 1915, when Greek PM Eleftherios Venizelos prepared to come to Serbia's aid against the Austrian attack, the Academy was dismissed and Vlachopoulos was placed in command of the V Army Corps at Patras. During the National Schism, he sided with King Constantine I against Venizelos. He remained at Patras until May 1917, when he returned to head the Military Academy. After King Constantine's forced exile in June and the assumption of leadership by Venizelos, Vlachopoulos was suspended from active service and forcibly retired.

Following the Venizelist electoral defeat in November 1920, he was recalled to active duty and placed as Chief of the Army Staff Service. Soon, however, he requested and received a transfer to an operational command in Asia Minor, where he commanded the III Army Corps (January–May 1921) and II Army Corps (May–July 1921). He was then placed in charge of the Asia Minor Superior General Military Command, which covered the rear areas of the Army of Asia Minor, and in June 1922 he was dispatched to Eastern Thrace to assume command of the IV Army Corps. Following the defeat of the Greek army in Asia Minor by the Turks in August 1922, he was dismissed from active command and suspended from active duty in November 1923.

He finally retired in March 1928 after reaching the statutory age limit.

He died in 1960.

References

1860s births
1960 deaths
Hellenic Army generals
Chiefs of the Hellenic Army General Staff
Greek military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Military personnel from Corfu
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Greece)
Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)

Aristotelis Vlachopoulos


Michael Owusu Addo (born July 10, 1988) known professionally as Sarkodie (), is a Ghanaian rapper, songwriter and entrepreneur from Tema. His contributions to the Ghanaian music industry have earned him numerous accolades, including the Vodafone Ghana Music Award for "Artiste of the Decade". He was announced the first winner of BET's Best International Flow artist at the 2019 BET Hip Hop Awards. He is also considered one of the major proponents of the Azonto genre and dance and one of the most successful African rappers of all time.

Life and career

Early life and career beginnings
Sarkodie, the fourth of five children was born on July 10, 1988. He was raised in Koforidua before his parents moved to Tema where he started schooling. He attended Tema Methodist Day Senior High School and proceeded to IPMC, where he earned a degree in graphic design. Sarkodie began his music career as an underground rapper, participating in Adom FM's popular rap competition Kasahare Level. He met his former manager Duncan Williams of Duncwills Entertainment while participating in the aforementioned competition. He also met musicians Edem and Castro, who introduced him to Hammer of The Last Two, an established record producer. Impressed by his rap flows, Hammer allowed Sarkodie to record two tracks for Edems maiden album Volta Regime.

Personal life
Sarkodie married Tracy in a private wedding ceremony held in Tema, Ghana on 17 July 2018. They have two kids; a daughter, Adalyn Owusu Addo and a son; Micheal Nana Yaw Owusu Addo Jnr. who is named after the famous rapper.

References

Other websites

Living people
Rappers
1988 births
Hip hop musicians
Ghanaian musicians

Sarkodie


The Knobeloch–Seibert Farm is a historic farm located on the east side of Schneider Road east of Belleville, Illinois. The farm was established circa 1832 by John W. Knobeloch and his family; after passing through several generations of the Knobeloch family, it was inherited by Henry Seibert. Both the Knobeloch and Seibert families immigrated to the area from Germany as part of a wave of German immigration to Illinois' American Bottom region in the early 1800s. The first building on the farm was a farmhouse built in 1832, which no longer stands; the oldest surviving building on the farm is the 1844 barn. The second farmhouse, constructed in 1861, features a segmented arched brick cellar, a characteristic feature of German vernacular architecture.

The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1983.

References

Knobeloch-Seibert Farm
National Register of Historic Places in St. Clair County, Illinois
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
1832 establishments in Illinois

Knobeloch–Seibert Farm


Rajasree (Rajasree Thota Panchajanyam, Kusuma Kumari), also known as Rajasri or Rajashri, is an Indian actress active from 1956 to 1979. She is particularly famous for her portrayal as a princess in several folklore Telugu movies opposite N. T. Rama Rao and Tadepalli Lakshmi Kanta Rao and for acting alongside Ravichandran in the Tamil comedy films Neeyum Naanum, Kadhalikka Neram Illai and Delhi Mappilai. Notable among Rajasris roles in non-folklore social films in Tamil are as Nimmi in the Tamil hit comedy film Kaadhalikka Neramillai, remade as Preminchi Choodu in Telugu, as movie star Bhama in Tamil film Bama Vijayam. She was credited as Gracy in the Malayalam movies she starred in her career since her debut film Bharya (1962), directed by Kunchako. Rajasree went on to do 200 films spread across the languages – Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam (as Gracy) and Hindi from beginning of 1956 to 1979.

Film industry
Rajsree first appeared as a child artiste in the Tamil film Naga Devadhai in 1956. She worked as child artiste in films like Bhaktha Ambarisha (1959) and Mangalyam (1960) in Telugu, Aasha Sundari (1960) in Kannada, Petraval Kanda Peruvazhvu (1960) and Baktha Sabari (1960) in Tamil. She debuted as a young heroin in Telugu film Nitya Kalyanam Paccha Thoranam in 1960 opposite another debutante Hero Ramakrishna (Telugu actor). She acted as the supporting young heroine with the Malayalam film Bharya (1962). Her character was named Gracy. With the success of her debut Malayalam film, Rajsree was always credited throughout her Malayalam film career as Gracy. Some of her famous Malayalam movies include Kadalamma (1963), Rebecca (1963), Pazhassi Raja (1964) and Shakuntala (1965). However, she was cast only as supporting and second lead actress in Tamil films like Sengamala Theevu (1962), Nichaya Thaamboolam (1962), Thendral Veesum (1962), Kalai Arasi (1963), Yarukku Sondham (1963) and Kattu Maina (1963) in the period 1962 to 1963. Her portrayal as the courtesean Madhavi in the film Poompuhar brought her new recognition as supporting actress in 1964. It was the film Kadhalikka Neram Illai in 1964, which made her a household name as the main lead heroine. She started receiving more Tamil films from 1964 onward.

However, she continued to be very selective as far as her choice of doing Malayalam movies was concerned. Her notable films in Malayalam as the lead heroine include Jail (1966), Kadamattathachan (1966), Anarkali (1966), Udhyogastha (1967), Karutha Rathrikal (1967), Kadal (1968), Dial 2244 (1968), Urangatha Sundary (1969), Sree Guruvayoorappan (1972), Sreemurukan and Devi Kanyaakumaari (1974). She did about 30 movies in Malayalam. Her last Malayalam film was Vishwaroopam (1978).

It was the Tamil comic classic, Kaadhalikka Neramillai, that catapulted Rajasree to national fame. She quoted in an interview "When I got a call from such a big banner as Chitralaya asking me to be present at the studio the next morning, I couldn't believe my ears. Many artistes had been considered for the role, I had heard. The song, "Anubavam Pudhumai", was the sequence that was shot first. They liked it and I did the film,". Rajasree went on to play the same role in Telugu with Akkini Nageswara Rao and in Hindi with Shashi Kapoor — she was the only one to repeat the role in the remakes. She quoted in interview "I remember Nagesh pulling my leg often shouting out "Dhigilazhagi" whenever I was on the sets,". Hence both during the shooting of Bama Vijayam and every time she met actor Nagesh, he would always call her as Dhiglazhagi as in the film, a thief refers to her by that name.

It was decided by Sridhar to remake Kadhallikaa Neram Illai in Hindi as Pyar Kiye Jaa and he retained only Rajasree from the original. Her debut Hindi film was a major box office hit in 1966. This led to her receiving films in Hindi as well. However none of her 4 films in Hindi became a hit except for her debut Hindi film.

She made her heroine debut in Telugu films with Nitya Kalyanam Paccha Thoranam in 1960 opposite Hero Ramakrishna (Telugu actor) and Constable Kuthuru (1962) opposite Kanta Rao, but previously she had been already introduced as a child artist in Nagula Chavithi (1956). She was cast as the heroine of N. T. Rama Rao in films like Aggi Barata (1966), Pidugu Ramudu (1966), Aggi Veerudu (1969) and Chitti Chellelu (1969). Her pairing opposite actor Kanta Rao was a box office success. The pair Rajasree-Kanta Rao worked in Pakkalo Ballem (1965), Bangaru Timmaraju (1964), Saptaswaralu (1969), Pratigyna Palana (1966), Vijaya Simha (1965), Aggidora (1967), Bhoolokamlo Yamolokam (1966), Devudichchina Bharta (1968), Veera Pooja (1968), Ranabheri (1968), Aggimeeda Guggilam (1968), Oke Kutumbham (1970), Merupu Veerudu (1970), Maa Manchi Akkayya (1970), Prema Jeevulu, Bhale Ettu Chivaraku Chittu (1970) and Raite Raju (1970). They worked in another 10 movies where they were not paired opposite each other. She did about 76 films in Telugu. Her last film in Telugu was Andame Anandham (1977).

Her debut film in Kannada was Kantheredu Nodu (1961). The Kannada film Thejaswini, produced by M. Pandaribai, made Rajasree a popular in the Kannada film circle. She played second lead supporting roles in Kannada films like Swarna Gowri, Rathna Manjari, Karuneye Kutumbada Kannu and Chandra Kumara. She regularly starred in mythological period films like Santha Thukaram (1963), Shivarathri Mahathme and Shivagange Mahathme with either Rajkumar or Udaykumar or both. After achieving success in Tamil with Kadhalikka Neram Illai, she decided to do only lead heroine roles even in Kannada from 1964. Her Kannada films as lead heroine include Chandavalliya Thota, Satya Harishchandra (1965), Bala Nagamma (1966), Bhale Basava, Mr. Rajkumar (1970), Jwala Mohini, CID 72 and C.I.D. Rajanna. She was part of the cast in 14 films in Kannada with Rajkumar in the lead role. She did 30 films in Kannada with her last movie being Devadhasi (1978).

She went on to do comedy films as the lead heroine in Tamil to capitalize on her comic abilities like Bama Vijayam (1967), Anubavi Raja Anubavi (1967), Anubavam Pudhumai (1967), Neeyum Naanum (1968) and Delhi Mapillai (1968). These films have developed classic cult status over the years. She then went on to get the second lead heroine roles in films with M. G. Ramachandran in the lead, like Thaikku Thalaimagan (1967), Kudiyirundha Koyil (1968), Adimai Penn (1969), Pattikaattu Ponnaiya (1973), Netru Indru Naalai (1974) and Naalai Namadhe (1975). Her other notable films in Tamil include Kallum Kaniyagum, suspense thriller Selva Magal (1967), Siritha Mugam (1968), Patham Pasali (1970), Poi Sollathae (1971), Pattondru Ketten (1971), Yanai Valartha Vanampadi Magan, Amudha (1975) and Veeduvarai Uravu (1976). Her last film in Tamil was Iravu 12 Mani (1978). She did more than sixty films in Tamil.

Personal life
Rajasree hails from a village in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh. She was born with a sister and her father was a railway station master. Rajasree was ten years old when she came to Chennai. She married Thota Panchajanyam in Hyderabad at 1977. Rajasree's husband died within few years after her marriage, when her child was four years old.

Awards
Rajasree was honoured with the MGR Award in 2004.

Tamil Nadu State Government Awards
Kalaimamani, 2012 for her contribution to Tamil Cinema

Partial filmography
In order of languages in which she acted the most to fewest films.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Telugu

 Andame Anandham (1977)
 Daana Veera Soora Karna (1977)
 Manushulanta Okkate (1976)
 Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham (1975)
 Alluri Seetarama Raju (1974)
 Intinti Katha (1974)
 Panjaramlo Pasipapa (1973)
 Atthanu Diddina Kodalu (1972)
 Prema Jeevulu (1971)
 Pattindhalla Bangaaram (1971)
 Adavi Veerulu (1971)
 Vikramarka Vijayam (1971)
 Anuradha (1971) as Aruna
 Bangaru Kutumbam (1971)
 Chitti Chellelu (1970)
 Evarini Nammali (1970)
 Jhanmabhoomi (1970)
 Okka Kutumbham (1970)
 Raithe Raju (1970)
 Lakshmi Kataksham (1970)
 Maa Manchi Akkayya (1970)
 Bale Etthu Chivariki Chitthu (1970)
 Merupu Veerudu (1970)
 Ukkupidugu (1969)
 Gopaludu Bhoopaludu (1969)
 Sattekalapu Satteya (1969)
 Sabash Satyam (1969)
 Takkari Donga Chankkani Chukka (1969)
 Devudichina Bhartha (1969) as Amruthavalli
 Aggi Veerudu (1969)
 Ukku Pidugu (1969)
 Saptaswaralu (1969)
 Gandara Gandadu (1969)
 Govula Gopanna (1968)
 Aggi Meeda Guggilam (1968) as Chandraprabha
 Rajayogam (1968)
 Ranabheri (1968)
 Bhale Kodallu (1968)
 Evaru Monagaadu (1968)
 Rahasyam (1967)
 Aggidora (1967)
 Sthree Janma (1967)
 Kambojaraju Katha (1967)
 Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna (1967)
 Raktha Sindhooram (1967)
 Satyame Jayam (1967)
 Veera Pooja (1967)
 Aggi Barata (1966)
 Loguttu Perumallakeruka (1966)
 Bhimanjaneya Yuddham (1966)
 Pidugu Raamudu (1966)
 Bhulokamlo Yamalokam (1966)
 Prathigna Palana (1966)
 Aakasaramanna (1965) as Chandravathi
 Prameelarjuna Yuddham (1965)
 Aatma Gowravam (1965)
 Vijaya Simha (1965)
 Manushulu Mamathalu (1965)
 Preminchi Chudu (1965)
 Mangamma Sapatham (1965)
 Pakkalo Ballem (1965)
 Babruvahana (1964)
 Aggi Pidugu (1964)
 Totalo Pilla Kotalo Raani (1964)
 Bhaktha Ramadasu (1964)
 Pooja Phalam (1964)
 Bangaru Timmaraju (1964)
 Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu (1963)
 Madana Kamaraju Katha (1962) as Mohana
 Conistable Kuthuru (1962)
 Dakshayagnam (1962)
 Aradhana (1962)
 Mahamantri Timmarusu (1962)
 Nitya Kalyanam Paccha Thoranam (1960)
 Sahasra Siracheda Apoorva Chintamani (1960)
 Mangalyam (1960)
 Bhaktha Ambarisha (1959)
 Nagula Chavithi (1956) - Debut in Telugu (Child Artist)

Tamil
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Kannada

Malayalam: Credited as Gracy

Hindi

References

External links

Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Indian film actresses
20th-century Indian actresses
Telugu actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from West Godavari district
Actresses from Andhra Pradesh
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema

Rajasree


Andrew Love (November 21, 1941 – April 12, 2012) was a saxophone player based in Memphis, Tennessee, best known for being a member of The Memphis Horns.

Career
Love was born in Memphis, Tennessee, and began his interest in music at the Baptist church where his father was pastor.  His music education continued in high school and at Langston University in Oklahoma.  He returned to Memphis in 1965 and began session work at Stax Records where he teamed up with trumpet player Wayne Jackson.  The two created the signature horn sound at Stax on hit records by Otis Redding, Sam & Dave and others.

After recording numerous tracks at Stax, he and Jackson incorporated themselves into The Memphis Horns and began freelancing.  Love and Jackson recorded at sessions for such artists as Neil Diamond, Elvis Presley and Dusty Springfield.  The duo also toured with The Doobie Brothers, Jimmy Buffett, Robert Cray and numerous other performers.

In 2002, Love was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease which forced his retirement the following year and his eventual death in 2012 at age 70.

Al Bell, co-owner of Stax records, said "I love saxophone players, and I have many saxophone players I admire and hold in high esteem. But I have never heard a saxophone player who affects and penetrates me like Andrew Love. It was the spirit in him, and you could feel it in the music. He could arouse your deepest emotions, but he would do it gently, softly. It was like he was making love to your soul."

Discography

With Luther Allison
 Live in Chicago (Alligator, 1995 [1999])
With Otis Redding
 Pain in My Heart (Atco Records, 1964)
 The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads (Atco Records, 1965)
 Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul (Stax Records, 1965)
 The Soul Album (Stax Records, 1966)
 Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul (Stax Records, 1966)
 King & Queen (Stax Records, 1967)
 The Dock of the Bay (Stax Records, 1968)
With Lulu
 Melody Fair (Atco, 1970)
With Albert King
 Born Under a Bad Sign (Stax Records, 1967)
With David Porter
 Sweat & Love (Enterprise Records, 1974)
With Tony Joe White
 Tony Joe White (Warner Bros. Records, 1971)
With Jimmy Buffett
 Hot Water (MCA Records, 1988)
With Joe Cocker
 Cocker (EMI, 1986)
With Tom Rush
 Ladies Love Outlaws (Columbia Records, 1974)
With Bonnie Raitt
 Longing in Their Hearts (Capitol Records, 1994)
With Keith Richards
 Talk Is Cheap (Virgin Records, 1988)
With Tanya Tucker
 Should I Do It (MCA Records, 1981)
With Carly Simon
 Another Passenger (Elektra Records, 1976)
With José Feliciano
 Memphis Menu (RCA Victor, 1972)
With Billy Joel
 Storm Front (Columbia Records, 1989)
With Nicolette Larson
 Nicolette (Warner Bros. Records, 1978)
With Rufus Thomas
 Do the Funky Chicken (Stax Records, 1970)
With Shirley Brown
 Intimate Storm (Soundtown Records, 1984)
With Stephen Stills
 Stephen Stills 2 (Atlantic Records, 1971)
With Wilson Pickett
 In the Midnight Hour (Atlantic Records, 1965)
 The Exciting Wilson Pickett (Atlantic Records, 1966)
 The Sound of Wilson Pickett (Atlantic Records, 1967)
 Don't Knock My Love (Atlantic Records, 1971)
With Yvonne Elliman
 Rising Sun (RSO Records, 1975)
With Carla Thomas
 Love Means... (Stax Records, 1971)
With Aretha Franklin
 Aretha Now (Atlantic Records, 1968)
 Young, Gifted and Black (Atlantic Records, 1972)
 Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky) (Atlantic Records, 1973)
 With Everything I Feel in Me (Atlantic Records, 1974)
With William Bell
 The Soul of a Bell (Stax Records, 1967)
With John Prine
 Common Sense (Atlantic Records, 1975)
With James Taylor
 Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon (Warner Bros. Records, 1971)
With Eddie Floyd
 Knock on Wood (Stax Records, 1967)
With B.B. King
 To Know You Is to Love You (ABC Records, 1973)
 Friends (ABC Records, 1974)
With Steve Cropper
 Playin' My Thang (MCA Records, 1981)

References

1941 births
2012 deaths
African-American saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Neurological disease deaths in Tennessee
Langston University alumni
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Rhythm and blues saxophonists
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people
20th-century American saxophonists

Andrew Love (musician)


In Keynesian economics, the transfer payments multiplier (or transfer payment multiplier) is the multiplier by which
aggregate demand will increase when there is an increase in transfer payments (e.g., welfare spending, unemployment payments). Transfer payments are not in the same theoretical category as government spending on goods and services because such payments are not directly injected into a goods market. Instead, the spendable funds are transferred to a member of the public, who then may spend some or all of them. For this reason, transfer payments are analyzed as negative taxes, and their multiplier is usually considered to be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign (specifically positive rather than negative) from that of taxes.

One dollar of transfer payments results in up to one dollar of spending by the recipient. In turn, the recipient of that spending has experienced an increase in income and spends a portion of it on more goods, giving the next person income some of which is spent, etc. The result of this chain reaction may be that aggregate spending, and hence equilibrium GDP, has gone up by more than the original dollar. However, the size of this multiplier effect is likely to be diminished by two considerations: first, an upward push that the new spending gives to interest rates, which diminishes spending on goods such as physical capital and consumer durables; and second, an upward push that the spending gives to the general price level, which diminishes the quantity of aggregate demand for several reasons .

Because not all the original dollar is necessarily spent by the recipient of the transfer payment, the resulting multiplier is likely to be somewhat less than the multiplier of government spending on goods and services.

See also

Complex multiplier

Notes

References
 Essential Foundations of Economics 4e
 Economics of Social Issues

Economics effects
Payments
Keynesian economics

Transfer payments multiplier


Jalin (, also spelled Jileen or Jillin) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located northwest of Daraa. Nearby localities include Muzayrib to the southeast, Tafas to the east, al-Shaykh Saad to the northeast, Adwan to the north, Tasil to the northwest and Saham al-Jawlan and Heet to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Tasil had a population of 4,337 in the 2004 census.

In sources relating to the Arab conquest of Syria, it is mentioned that the last Byzantine army the empire was able to set up in the region, took up position near "Jillin" before the crucial Battle of the Yarmuk in 635. The battle took place west of Jillin and led to the catastrophic defeat of the Byzantine army.

Jalin was described in the late 19th century as an impoverished village of 20 hut-like houses built either of mudbrick or stone. Its population consisted of 100 black Africans hailing from the Sudan. They were settled in two villages, Jalin and al-Shaykh Saad to the north, by Sheikh Saad ibn Abd al-Qadir, himself from the Sudan. The Africans initially came as slaves of the sheikh, but were later freed. They gradually settled in other parts of the Hauran region of southern Syria. At Jalin, the inhabitants cultivated grapes and vegetables in nearby vineyards and gardens.

References

Bibliography

External links
Map of the town, Google Maps
Kafer el Ma-map; 21K

Populated places in Daraa District

Jalin