Hough windmill, Swannington, Leicestershire is a tower windmill built in the late 18th century on the boundary between Swannington, Leicestershire and Thringstone. The mill served a coal mining community, the structure is surrounded by the remains of ancient shallow coal mines and local maps show many footpaths, -tracks made by the miners who walked between them.  The mill and surrounding area is owned by the Swannington Heritage Trust.

Previous Mills

At least five mills were built on high ground to the north of Swannington and were operated by three local milling families, the Griffins, Chesters and the Kerbys.  The earliest structures were post mills -a more primitive, less stable but far cheaper design where the entire mill body must be rotated to face the wind. Over the years all succumbed to fire, storm or decay, the last killing its owner when it collapsed in the early 1800s.  Dismantled and reassembled nearby, the mill operated until 1895 when the components were sold.

Present Mill

John Griffin built the present structure, replacing a nearby post mill and purchasing land from the Enclosure Commissioners in 1804.  The mill was operated by his tenant, James Kerby who paid an annual rent of £30.  In 1877, it was sold to John Hough, steward to the Beaumonts of Coleorton, for £1,175, the Kerby family continuing until replaced by the last commercial tenant, Walter Chester.  The mill closed early in the 20th century by which time the technology was obsolete.
The derelict mill was listed in the 1980s and compulsory purchased by North West Leicestershire District Council who sold it to Swannington Heritage Trust in 1994.  The Trust refurbished the mill with the aid of a £70,883 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.  It was opened by Mr David Taylor, MP, on 26 March 2000 and attracted 1,600 visitors during the first year.
Inside the mill is a poster advertising the sale of a mill on Thringstone common by auction at the New Inn at Peggs Green.  Both properties were part of  Thringstone Civil Parish until its abolition in April 1936, Hough Mill being part of 70 acres transferred to Swannington whilst the New Inn was part of 98 acres transferred to Coleorton.

Gorse Field and Califat Spinney

The Trust also owns the adjacent 6 acre gorse field, part of an unfarmed ancient common with evidence of hundreds of bell pits for coal mining dating back to 1204.  This is being turned into a nature reserve.  The replica ginn engine (see photo, left) was funded by the National Forest company.
Next to the Gorse Field is Califat Spinney which includes two engine houses from the coal mine that operated from 1855-1873.
One of the mine shafts was called the Alabama shaft. Whilst the date is uncertain, it was practice at the time to name shafts after contemporary events, the CSS Alabama was sunk by the US Navy off the coast of Cherbourg, France in 1864.  A horse-drawn tramway carried coal from the Califat mine to the bottom of the Swannington Incline where the winding engine pulled the trucks to the top of the incline to continue its journey along the Leicester and Swannington Railway. In 1863 water entered the Califat mine from a disused mine at Limby Hall.  The mine flooded in 11 minutes and three miners were killed.

Notes

External links
 Hough Mill - Swannington Heritage Trust

Industrial buildings completed in 1804
Grade II listed buildings in Leicestershire
Grade II listed windmills
Windmills in Leicestershire
Tower mills in the United Kingdom
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Museums in Leicestershire
Mill museums in England
Tourist attractions in Leicestershire

Hough Windmill


The Toronto streetcar system is a network of eleven streetcar routes in the Canadian city of Toronto, Ontario. It is by far the largest network of its kind in the Americas. It operates as part of the Toronto Transit Commission's public transport network, and shares a common fare system with buses and subway services.

Unlike modern light rail systems that are becoming more commonplace in North America, streetcars runs on city streets and call at frequent bus-type stops, where the passenger waits on the sidewalk for the next streetcar and pays his or her fare on board the vehicle. There are 685 of these stops, eight of which are shared with and connect to the subway system. The system mainly serves the downtown and waterfront areas of the city, and acts as feeder routes to the subway.

The system, which has been one of the longest in continuous operation, was opened in 1861 as a horse tramway. The system was bought by the Toronto Railway Company in 1891 and it was electrified in 1892. Vehicles run on  of tracks with a non-standard gauge of  and collect power from overhead lines at 600 V DC using trolley poles mounted on each streetcar.

More than 300,000 people ride the system on an average weekday, and about 100 million on an annual basis, making it among the busiest systems in the world.

References

Transport in Ontario
Rail transport in Canada
Toronto Transit Commission

Toronto streetcar system


Il Corral was a venue located in Los Angeles, California. that provided performance space for underground artists. It was founded by Bob Bellerue and Stane Hubert in January 2005.  Bellerue ceased involvement in September 2006; Hubert and Christie Scott continued the venture until December 2007.

Il Corral provided for music and film festivals:  The Turn the Screws Fest, Noisepollination, Harsh Noise v. Metal, Druid Underground Film Festival, Aloud Fest, Salient Lock-Up, The Curse of El Topo, Bent, Hollywood Nihilist Comedy Spectacular and Thee Dung Mummy; benefit shows for the Los Angeles Eco-Village, Kill-Radio and Tarantula Hill; and workshops for circuit bending and puppetry.  It was a centre for L.A. director Sean Carnage's weekly Monday night event.  Carnage's "Monday nights" were documented in the movie 40 Bands 80 Minutes!, filmed entirely inside the Il Corral; in March 2007, after approximately 50 shows, Sean Carnage moved his Monday night events to Pehrspace.

In addition to live recordings for CD and DVD, Il Corral hosted studio recordings for Amplified Piano Duets by Bob Bellerue & Jarrett Silberman, Snow White In Hell by KILT, Scavenger's Feast by Hive Mind, and also Corral Comp 05 for artists who had performed in the venue during 2005. Il Corral provided 215 live shows from January, 2006 until its closure in December 2007. It also served as a Bookshop and Record Store, selling cheap books on eclecticism, and music movies from the venue's performers.

Scott and Hubert opened a similar venue, Zero-Point, south of downtown L.A.; Bellerue left Los Angeles for Brooklyn curating numerous shows around NYC and most notably the Ende Tymes Fest since 2011.

In October 2009, Il Corral was featured in Paper Cuts, a web site magazine produced by music label papercutsrecords.com.

Bands that played at Il Corral

 Bastard Noise
 Bipolar Bear
 Books on Tape
 Captain Ahab
 Foot Village
 The Haters
 Health
 High Places
 Jessica Rylan
 John Wiese
 Kraig Grady
 Metalux
 Nels Cline
 Raven Chacon
 The Tuna Helpers
 Thomas Dimuzio
 Wolf Eyes

References

External links
 Il Corral's website
 Zero-Point's website

Music venues in Los Angeles
Theatres in Los Angeles
Social centres in the United States
Music venues completed in 2005
Theatres completed in 2005
2005 establishments in California
2007 disestablishments in California

Il Corral


N. Kopelman (Koppelman) (1881 ? – 1944, Moscow?) was a Russian chess player.

He participated in the Mannheim 1914 chess tournament. After the declaration of war against Russia, eleven "Russian" players (Alexander Alekhine, Bogoljubov, Bogatyrchuk, Flamberg, Koppelman, Maliutin, Rabinovich, Romanovsky, Saburov, Selezniev, Weinstein) were interned in Rastatt, Germany. On September 14, 17, and 29, 1914, four of them (Alekhine, Bogatyrchuk, Saburov, and Koppelman) were freed and allowed to return home via Switzerland.

He took 7th at St. Petersburg 1915 (Alexander Ilyin-Zhenevsky and Golubev won), and took 8th at Moscow 1920 (All-Russian Chess Olympiad, elim., Alexei Alekhine won).

References

Russian Jews
Chess players from the Russian Empire
Jewish chess players
Year of birth uncertain
1944 deaths

N. Koppelman


, best known by his ring name , was a Japanese professional wrestler, promoter, and professional baseball player. He is best known as a co-founder of All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), a promotion he founded in 1972 along with Mitsuo Momota and Yoshihiro Momota, the sons of his mentor Rikidōzan. For the first 10 years of its existence, Baba was the top star of All-Japan, while also serving as the booker, promoter, head trainer and president of the promotion from its inception in 1972 till his death in 1999. Baba was also responsible for recruiting much of the talent for All Japan, and was the public face of the promotion for much of his lifetime.

Considered one of the most beloved Japanese wrestlers ever, Baba was a national hero with a level of popularity in Japan comparable to that of  Hulk Hogan in the United States. The 2006 Top 100 Historical Persons in Japan survey ranked Baba the 93nd greatest person in the history of Japan, as voted for by the general public. Among his many accomplishments, Baba was a record seven-time winner of the Champion Carnival, a four-time PWF World Heavyweight Champion, three time NWA International Heavyweight Champion and a three-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion.

Early life
Shohei Baba was born on January 23, 1938, in Sanjo, Niigata Prefecture, the last son of Kazuo and Mitsu Baba. For most of his early childhood, Baba was one of the smallest children in his class, however, around the fifth grade, he began to grow at a rapid rate, and by the time he was in the ninth grade he was already 175 cm tall. It soon became apparent he was suffering from gigantism. Nevertheless, Baba excelled at baseball, becoming the top player at his local club. After graduating from elementary school, Baba enrolled in the department of mechanical engineering at Sanjo Business High School. Baba was forced to give up baseball when he joined high school as he was continuing to grow at an incredible rate (190 cm at the age of 16) and no cleats could be sourced in his size. He soon joined the art club instead, but this didn't last long as the school ordered custom cleats and Baba was invited to join the baseball team. Baba continued to impress, recording 18 strikeouts during a practice game, which led to tabloids reporting on "Sanjo High School's giant pitcher" and Baba garnering the attention of Nippon Professional Baseball scouts. In 1954, Baba met with Hidetoshi Genkawa of the Yomiuri Giants who invited Baba to drop out of high school and join the team full time. Baba accepted and began pitching for the Giants in January 1955 at #59.

Professional baseball career

Yomiuri Giants (1955–1959)

Although Baba joined the Yomiuri Giants in 1955, he did not play in the league at all in his first year with the team by recommendation of director Shigeru Mizuhara. Baba was relegated to the second team for his first year, but eventually debuted in 1956 and performed well, earning 12 wins and 1 loss in his rookie year and 13 wins and 2 losses in 1957. Both years, Baba won the Nippon Professional Baseball league's best pitcher award. Despite his success, Baba began suffering eyesight problems in 1957 and was forced to take time off for surgery when it was discovered he had developed a brain tumour. Baba underwent craniotomy at the University of Tokyo Hospital on December 23, 1957. The success rate of the technology at that time was very low, and the doctor warned Baba he was likely to lose his eyesight completely, however, the operation was successful, and Baba was discharged after a week. He returned to the camp with a bandage on his head in January 1958. Baba played for two more seasons, winning best pitcher for a third time in 1959. However, after Hideo Fujimoto, a coach who formed a bond with Baba and regularly advocated for him to start, left the team, Baba was released from the Giants in 1959 after five seasons.

Taiyo Whales (1960)
Fujimoto would leave for the Taiyo Whales, and invited Baba to a training camp in an attempt to get him signed in 1960. Baba was invited for a tryout by Goro Taniguchi and eventually hired, requiring him to move to Kawasaki, however, just days after moving, Baba fell in the bathroom of his new apartment and crashed directly into the glass door of the shower, which required 17 stitches in his left elbow and led to Baba losing feeling in his hand for a while. Despite the injury not being serious, Baba retired from baseball shortly after and moved back to Niigata.

Professional wrestling career

Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance (1960–1972)

Baba first met Rikidōzan while he was playing baseball, who told him he would do well as a professional wrestler. With his baseball career over, Baba decided to pursue professional wrestling. Meeting with Rikidōzan again in April 1960, Baba began training in the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance (JWA) dojo along with Kanji "Antonio" Inoki, a Japanese emigrant whom Rikidōzan met during a trip to Brazil. Baba and Inoki debuted on the same show on September 30, 1960, with Baba beating Yonetaro Tanaka in his first match. In 1961, Rikidōzan arranged for Baba to wrestle and live in the United States for a few months. Baba became a popular villain in America, wrestling on the west coast as the fan favourite "'Big' Shohei Baba", and as the villainous "Baba the Giant" in New York. He wrestled the likes of The Destroyer and Buddy Rogers numerous times, as well as Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship in Madison Square Garden in February 1964.

While Baba was in America, his trainer Rikidōzan died, and the JWA began to struggle, and Baba returned to Japan full time in 1966. He formed a popular tag team known as "B-I Cannon" with Inoki, and the two won the NWA International Tag Team Championship from Tarzan Tyler and Bill Watts in 1968, going on to hold the titles four times in total. Baba also held the NWA International Heavyweight Championship on three occasions, and won the World Big League a record six times. As the JWA continued to struggle going into the 1970s, Baba and Inoki agreed to go their own separate ways. Inoki attempted a hostile takeover of the JWA in late 1971, for which he was fired, whereas Baba decided not to renew his contract in 1972. The JWA would disband the following year.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (1972–1999)
After leaving JWA, Baba and Inoki formed their own promotions. Rikidōzan's two sons followed Baba to his new promotion and helped co-found it. Baba's All Japan Pro Wrestling debuted in October 1972, backed by Nippon Television. AJPW established the PWF Heavyweight Championship and Giant Baba as its top star, with Baba winning the Championship in 1973 and holding it for 1920 days, making 38 successful defences before losing to Tor Kamata in 1978. Baba won the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship from Jack Brisco ending Brisco's year and a half run as champion on December 2, 1974. A week later he dropped the title back to Brisco. Baba would regain the title in America from Abdullah The Butcher in 1979, making another 13 successful defences before dropping the title to Harley Race in 1982. Baba would go on to hold the title four times for a total of 3,847 days, or just over ten years. Baba's runs with the title made him synonymous with it, and promoted him to a new level of stardom in Japan. Between his debut in 1960 and April 1984, Baba wrestled 3000 consecutive matches and did not miss a single booking, only breaking the cycle after he suffered a minor neck injury.

While continuing to be the promotion's top star, Baba also put a focus on using foreign wrestlers, inviting the likes of Dory Funk, Bruiser Brody, Abdullah The Butcher and Stan Hansen to compete for All Japan from the very beginning. Baba also focused heavily on training the next generation of wrestlers, particularly Jumbo Tsuruta, who was his first student after forming AJPW, and Atsushi Onita, with whom Baba formed an almost parent-like bond.

After losing the PWF Heavyweight Championship for the final time in 1985, Baba stepped back from the main event and instead focused on running the company while competing in lower-level matches, pushing Genichiro Tenryu and Jumbo Tsuruta as his successors. Baba ran his company with a schedule of eight tours a year travelling nationwide, and maintained this the entire time he was in charge. Baba remained an extremely popular figure among fans, and continued teaming with young wrestlers and veterans in opening matches into the late 1990s, maintaining a full-time schedule until December 1998. Under Baba's rule, All Japan Pro Wrestling reached unprecedented heights of popularity in the 1990s, thanks to Baba's booking and the performances of Baba disciples Mitsuharu Misawa, Toshiaki Kawada, Akira Taue and Kenta Kobashi, dubbed the "Four Pillars of Heaven" by publications. With the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship as the focal point, All Japan sold out more than 250 consecutive shows in Tokyo throughout the early to mid-1990s, routinely drawing houses in the $1,000,000 range eight times a year at Budokan Hall. At the peak of the company, tickets for the next Budokan show would be sold at the live event and completely sell out that night. In 1998, Baba finally agreed to run the Tokyo Dome on May 1, and despite it being a few years since the company peaked, they still drew 58,300 paying fans. It became well known that as a promoter, Baba would rather use a handshake agreement than a signed contract, as he had a great reputation for keeping his word when it came to match finishes and payrolls. Because of this, many regarded Baba as the most honest promoter in the professional-wrestling business.

Throughout 1998, it was becoming clearer and clearer that Baba's health was deteriorating. Despite this, he worked a full-time schedule throughout the year, touring the country and competing on most shows. However, Baba was slowly losing a tremendous amount of weight, and looked much more pale and weak compared to his previous self. His final match, prior to being confined to a hospital bed, occurred on December 5, 1998, at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, where he teamed with Rusher Kimura and Mitsuo Momota to take on Masanobu Fuchi, Haruka Eigen, and Tsuyoshi Kikuchi, bringing his career total to 5769 matches.

Personal life
Little is known about Baba's life outside the ring. A reserved and private man, he did not drink or carouse with other wrestlers after shows. Baba was highly respected by foreign wrestlers, as he always made sure that they travelled first class and stayed in the best hotels, and paid for all of their beer and food. Although not a heavy or frequent  drinker, Baba was known to have an incredible tolerance for alcohol and consume it for hours without showing any effects. He was a heavy smoker who preferred cigars, but quit after his friend Gyutsu Matsuyama, another heavy smoker, was hospitalised with stomach cancer.

On September 16, 1971, he married Motoko Kawai (born January 2, 1940) in Hawaii, a place Baba enjoyed and regularly visited. Knowledge of their wedding was not widely publicized until almost ten years later, when they announced it at a press conference. A ceremony was held in 1983. Baba and his wife had no children fearing the child could also suffer from gigantism. Baba and his wife instead developed a close relationship with Baba's student Atsushi Onita who Baba considered like his own child; Baba and Motoko considered adopting Onita at one point. Onita has said "I learned the most important things as a human being from Mr. Baba".

Motoko died on April 14, 2018, from cirrhosis of the liver; she was 78 years old.

Death
In January 1999, Baba was taken in to a hospital and confined to a bed. He saw his last wrestling match on January 22, as Toshiaki Kawada defeated Mitsuharu Misawa for the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship. Nine days later on January 31, 1999, Baba died of liver failure from complications of colon cancer at approximately 16:04 local time in the Tokyo Medical University Hospital. He was 61 years old. Present at his deathbed were his wife, his older sister, his niece, Yukiko, All Japan ring announcer Ryu Nakada and senior referee Kyohei Wada.

Baba had known about his cancer diagnosis for at least a year prior to his death but kept it a secret, not wanting to cause worry about his condition. Baba's three closest employees, Jumbo Tsuruta, Mitsuharu Misawa and Joe Higuchi, did not know about it until after he died.

Baba's funeral was delayed due to the fact they could not find a casket large enough to fit his body. A memorial service was held publicly on April 17, 1999, at the Nippon Budokan the day after the 1999 Champion Carnival Final. Over 28,000 people attended, including the entirety of the All Japan Pro Wrestling roster, as well as Baba's wife and family. His body was later cremated, and his tomb is located at Honmatsuji in Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture.

Championships and accomplishments

 All Japan Pro Wrestling
 All Asia Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 NWA International Tag Team Championship (6 times) – with Jumbo Tsuruta
 NWA World Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 PWF World Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 Champion Carnival (1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1982)
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1978, 1980) – with Jumbo Tsuruta
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League Distinguished Award (1977) – with Jumbo Tsuruta
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League Skill Award (1985) – with Dory Funk Jr.
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League Special Award (1988) – with Rusher Kimura
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League East Sports Special Award (1991) – with Andre the Giant
International Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2021
 Japan Wrestling Association
 All Asia Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Toyonobori
 NWA International Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 NWA International Tag Team Championship (6 times) – with Michiaki Yoshimura (1), Antonio Inoki (4), and Seiji Sakaguchi (1)
 World Big League (6 times)
 National Wrestling Alliance
 NWA Hall of Fame (class of 2014)
 Nippon Professional Baseball
 Best Pitcher (1956, 1957, 1959)
 NWA Detroit
 NWA World Tag Team Championship (Detroit version) (1 time) – with Jumbo Tsuruta
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 26 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003
 Ranked No. 10 of the top 100 tag teams of the PWI Years with Jumbo Tsuruta in 2003
 Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
 Class of 2008
 The Top 100 Historical Persons in Japan
 Ranked the 92nd greatest person from history by the people of Japan
 Tokyo Sports
 30th Anniversary Special Achievement Award (1990)
 Best Tag Team Award (1978, 1980, 1982) with Jumbo Tsuruta
 Lifetime Achievement Award (1999)
 Match of the Year (1979) with Antonio Inoki vs. Abdullah The Butcher and Tiger Jeet Singh on August 26, 1979
 Match of the Year (1980) with Jumbo Tsuruta vs. Terry Funk and Dory Funk Jr. on December 11, 1980
 Match of the Year (1981) vs. Verne Gagne on January 18, 1981
 Match of the Year (1982) vs. Stan Hansen on February 4, 1982
 Outstanding Performance Award (1974, 1980)
 Popularity Award (1976, 1988)
 Special Award for breaking 5000 Matches (1993)
 Special Grand Prize (1983)
 Wrestler of the Year (1975, 1979)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Best Booker (1989–1991)
 Promoter of the Year (1990–1994)
 Worst Tag Team (1990, 1991) with André the Giant
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

References

External links

1938 births
1999 deaths
All Japan Pro Wrestling
Deaths from cancer in Japan
Japanese baseball players
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Japanese catch wrestlers
NWA World Heavyweight Champions
People with gigantism
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Professional wrestling promoters
Professional wrestling trainers
Baseball people from Niigata Prefecture
Yomiuri Giants players
20th-century professional wrestlers
All Asia Tag Team Champions
NWA International Heavyweight Champions
NWA International Tag Team Champions
All Asia Heavyweight Champions
PWF World Heavyweight Champions
NWA World Tag Team Champions (Detroit version)

Giant Baba


Coney Reyes on Camera was a weekly drama anthology that aired from May 19, 1984, to December 26, 1998, on RPN and ABS-CBN. It was the longest running drama anthology  of its time in Philippine TV history until Maalaala Mo Kaya broke the record in 2006. Coney Reyes was the host, lead star, actress and producer and it was replaced by Ang Munting Paraiso.

Overview
The drama anthology stars Reyes herself. Jaclyn Jose and Gina Alajar also played protagonist roles in some episodes.

Reyes had been working with major celebrities such as Vic Sotto, Vilma Santos, Helen Vela, Aiza Seguerra, German Moreno, Aga Muhlach, Sharon Cuneta, Rico Yan, Jolina Magdangal, Nora Aunor, and Judy Ann Santos, among others. Kris Aquino (daughter of the late former President Corazon Aquino and sister of the late former President Benigno Aquino III), Imee Marcos (daughter of the late former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, Sr. and sister of the current President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.), and Michelle van Eimeren (Miss Australia Universe 1994), also appeared on the show in separate episodes. One of the most unforgettable episodes was the reunion episode with Vilma Santos and Tina Revilla-Valencia in 1994 as a special tribute to the late Helen Vela.

The roots of Reyes' drama anthology was the Coney Reyes-Mumar Drama Studio, produced by Eddie Ilarde's Program Philippines and aired every Saturday on GMA Radio Television Arts after the hit noontime variety show Student Canteen (also produced by Program Philippines), where Reyes was a co-host. However, in 1982, Reyes moved to Student Canteen'''s rival show Eat Bulaga!, then airing on RPN. Drama Studio continued with former beauty queen Chat Silayan as its main star. Silayan, along with Chiqui Hollmann, also replaced Reyes on Canteen.

In 1984, Reyes was given a new drama anthology on RPN, originally entitled Coney Reyes-Mumar On The Set, premiering on May 19, 1984. It aired right after Eat Bulaga! on Saturdays, and was first produced by BSH Productions. She later took over production of the show when she put up CAN Television ("CAN" was derived from Reyes' real name, Constancia Angeline Nubla, under which she was credited as the show's producer). It was then retitled Coney Reyes On Camera (with the last name "Mumar" dropped after her estrangement with then-husband Larry Mumar).

After the sequestration of RPN on February 11, 1989 (which would later become CNN Philippines), the show, along with Eat Bulaga! and Agila (both produced by TAPE), moved to ABS-CBN. TAPE produced shows would remain on the network until January 22, 1995, even after Reyes left the production company in 1992.
After the transfer of TAPE shows to GMA Network, the show remained on ABS-CBN. Coney began to fully produce the show through the network's production unit, where it remained until its timeslot was temporarily replaced by Sports Unlimited and later, permanently replaced by Ang Munting Paraiso'', a weekly drama series also starring herself.

The show aired its final episode on December 26, 1998.

References

ABS-CBN original programming
Radio Philippines Network original programming
Philippine anthology television series
1984 Philippine television series debuts
1998 Philippine television series endings
1980s Philippine television series
1990s Philippine television series
Filipino-language television shows
Television series by TAPE Inc.

Coney Reyes on Camera


Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco), is the second smallest country in the world after the Vatican City. Monaco is a city-state, meaning that the entire country is just one city.

Monaco is located south-east of France, on the Mediterranean Sea in Western Europe. Monaco's official language is French while the language of Monégasque is also a national language. Monaco's population is around 38,000 but under 10,000 of its citizens are Monégasque nationals.

The currency is the Euro, even though Monaco is not part of the European Union. Monaco is considered a tax haven and is often regarded as one of the wealthiest countries in the world because many rich people live there.

Monaco is famous for the Monte Carlo Casino and the Monte Carlo Opera, is in the north-east of the country. Monaco is also famous for two car races: the Monte Carlo Rally and the Monaco Grand Prix.

History
Monaco began as a city named Monoikos and was under the control of the Holy Roman Empire, which later gave it to the Republic of Genoa.

In 1297, Francesco Grimaldi and his army captured the fortress on the Rock of Monaco, but they were evicted by the Geonoese army. However, the Grimaldi family continued to fight for Monaco over the next century. Rainier I was the first Grimaldi ruler of Monaco.

The Republic of Genoa eventually lost Monaco while fighting the Crown of Aragon. In 1419, the Grimaldi family purchased Monaco from Aragon. In 1642, Honoré II, gave himself the title "Prince of Monaco". Until then, the rulers of Monaco were called the "Lords of Monaco".

In 1793, Monaco was invaded by France. In 1814, the principality became independent again. However, a year later, the Congress of Vienna designated Monaco as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia. In 1860, Monaco became a French protectorate once again.

At the time, the towns of Menton and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin were part of Monaco. However, the citizens of these towns wanted to be part of France. Charles III gave the towns to France in exchange for Monaco's full independence. A treaty was signed in 1861 which said that France would protect Monaco in case of a war.

In the early 1900s, Monaco became very popular among wealthy people because of the Monte Carlo casino. In 1910, there was a revolution in Monaco because the people wanted a democracy. Because of this, the powers of the Prince of Monaco were reduced. During World War II, Monaco was occupied by Italy.

Prince Rainier III famously married American actress Grace Kelly, who died in a car crash. In 2005, Albert II became the new Prince of Monaco.

Geography
Monaco is entirely an urban area, meaning that it is all one city. There is only one natural resource in Monaco, which is fishing. The climate is a Mediterranean climate. There are land reclamation projects ongoing.

Its surface area is 2.02 square kilometres, of which approximately 0.4 were recovered from the sea since 1980.

Politics

Monaco is a constitutional monarchy, meaning that the head of state is a monarch with little to no say in the way the country is governed. Monaco is a principality, which is a type of monarchy where the monarch holds the title of Sovereign Prince.

The constitution of Monaco designates three councils to run the country. The three councils are:

 The National Council, which is the legislature. It consists of 24 elected members, who may be members of political parties. The National Council meets twice a year to discuss bills put forward by the Prince's government. The council is presided over by a president.
 The Council of Government, which is the executive branch. The Government consists of 6 members, one of which is the Minister of State, who is appointed by the Sovereign Prince.
 The Communal Council is the city council. It consists of 15 elected members, one of which is the mayor. The Communal Council is in charge of the social and cultural aspects of the country.

In addition, Monaco is divided into ten administrative wards.

Monaco has no military and is protected by France. However, it does have a police force of around 515 members.

Economy

Tourism is the main industry. Tourism is extremely popular during the Monaco Grand Prix. People in Monaco pay no income tax. Many rich people live in Monaco and it is known for being very wealthy. Another large industry is gambling due to the Monte Carlo Casino.

Culture
Monaco's culture is heavily influenced by its surrounding countries such as France and Italy. The main religion is Catholicism. The cuisine is influenced by that of northern Italy and southern France.

In terms of music, Monaco has an opera house, a symphony orchestra and a classical ballet company. Monaco has participated regularly in the Eurovision Song Contest, winning in 1971.

There are three museums in Monaco.

The Principality of Monaco hosts major international events such as :

 International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo
 Mondial du Théâtre
 Monte-Carlo Television Festival

Monaco also has an annual bread festival on 17 September every year.

Education
Monaco has ten state-operated schools, including: seven nursery and primary schools; one secondary school; one lycée that provides general and technological training and one lycée that provides vocational and hotel training.

There are also two grant-aided denominational private schools.

There is one university located in Monaco, namely the International University of Monaco (IUM).

References

Italian-speaking countries
French-speaking countries
Current monarchies

Monaco


The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) is an organization of professors and other academics in the United States. AAUP membership includes over 500 local campus chapters and 39 state organizations.

The AAUP's stated mission is to advance academic freedom and shared governance, to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher education, and to ensure higher education's contribution to the common good. Founded in 1915 by Arthur O. Lovejoy and John Dewey, the AAUP has helped to shape American higher education by developing the standards and procedures that maintain quality in education and academic freedom in the country's colleges and universities. Irene Mulvey is the current president.

History

In the 1890s and early 1900s, there were a number of attempts to dismiss college faculty members from  their academic posts, including a failed attempt to dismiss Richard Ely at the University of Wisconsin in 1894. However, the following year Edward Bemis was dismissed from a post at the University of Chicago and George D. Herron from one at Grinnell College in 1899.

Perhaps most prominent of these incidents was the 1900 dismissal of eugenicist, economics professor, and sociologist Edward Alsworth Ross from Stanford University. Ross's work criticizing the employment of Chinese laborers by the Southern Pacific Railroad, run by Stanford's founder Leland Stanford, led Leland's widow, Jane Stanford, to intervene and, over the objections of the president and the faculty, to succeed in getting Ross eventually dismissed. A number of faculty colleagues resigned in protest, including Arthur O. Lovejoy.

Fifteen years later, In January 1915, the AAUP formed as the "Association of University Professors" after a series of meetings held at the Chemists' Club in New York City. John Dewey would serve as President of the organization, with Lovejoy, who had by then moved on to Johns Hopkins, serving as Secretary.

In February 1915, the dismissals of two professors and two instructors at the University of Utah by President Joseph T. Kingsbury—and the subsequent resignations of 14 faculty members in protest—launched the AAUP's first institutional academic freedom inquest. An earlier 1911 controversy at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, had involved some of these same professors.

The AAUP published, in December 1915, its inaugural volume of the Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors, including the document now known as the 1915 Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure—the AAUP's foundational statement on the rights and corresponding obligations of members of the academic profession. Since 2010 the AAUP has published the Journal of Academic Freedom, an online-only open-access annual periodical.

Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure

As the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) details the history of their policy on academic freedom and tenure, the association maintains that there "are still people who want to control what professors teach and write." The AAUP's
"Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure" is the definitive articulation of the principles and practices and is widely accepted throughout the academic community. The association's procedures ensuring academic due process remain the model for professional employment practices on campuses throughout the country.

The association suggests that "The principles of Academic Freedom and Tenure" date back to a 1925 conference. R.M. O'Neil's history suggests that the formal origins of the statement of academic freedom in the United States begins with an earlier 1915 "declaration of principles," when the "fledgling" AAUP first convened.

While it seems common sense that academic freedom aligns with the values of democratic rights and free speech, O'Neil also notes the ideas of academic freedom at the time were not entirely well received, and even the New York Times criticized the declaration, but that today the statement remains "almost as nearly inviolate as the U.S. Constitution." The AAUP notes that following a series of conferences beginning in 1934, the association officially adopted the "1925 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure," which started to become institutionalized in universities only in the 1940s.

The AAUP offers the original principles, including the 1940 interpretations of the statement and a 1970 interpretation, which codified evaluation of the principles since the time they were adopted. The statement is straightforward, based on three principles of academic freedom. Briefly summarized, the first principle states that teachers are entitled to "full freedom in research and in publication of the results" and that the issue of financial gains from research depends on the relationship with the institution. The second principle of academic freedom is that teachers should have the same freedom in the classroom. The third asserts that college and university professors are citizens and should be free to speak and write as citizens "free from institutional censorship."

Based upon five principles, the statement on academic tenure is equally simple and to the point. The first principle maintains that the terms of appointment are to be stated in writing. The second details the conditions and length of time professors are given to attain tenure. The third notes that during the probationary period before attaining tenure, the teacher "should have all the academic freedom that all other members of the faculty have." Detailing terms for appeal of the decision to deny tenure, the fourth point notes that both faculty and the institution's governing board should judge whether tenure is to be granted or denied. The final point suggests that if the faculty member is not granted tenure appointment for reasons of financial restraint upon the university, the "financial exigency should be demonstrably bona fide."

Noting the Supreme Court case Keyishian v. Board of Regents (1967), which established the constitutionality and legal basis for the AAUP's principles of academic freedom, the 1970 interpretations believes that the statement is not a "static code but a fundamental document to set a framework of norms to guide adaptations to changing times and circumstances." The commentary iterates key points of the 1940 interpretations. The statement does not discourage controversy but emphasizes professionalism, believing that professors should be careful "not to introduce into their teaching controversial matter which has no relation to their subject."

The interpretive statement also maintains that while professors have the rights of citizens, both scholars and educational officers "should remember that the public may judge their profession and their institution by their utterances," noting that every effort should be made "to indicate they are not speaking for the institution." The comments provide for further insights into the evaluation for tenure appointment and direct to the "1968 Recommended Institutional Regulations on Academic Freedom and Tenure," which recommends policy based upon the 1940 statement and a later documents on standards for faculty dismissal.

Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities

The American Association of University Professors published its first "Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities" in 1920, "emphasizing the importance of faculty involvement in personnel decisions, selection of administrators, preparation of the budget, and determination of educational policies. Refinements to the statement were introduced in subsequent years, culminating in the 1966 "Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities."

The statement was jointly formulated by the American Association of University Professors, the American Council on Education (ACE), and the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges (AGB). The statement clarifies the respective roles of governing boards, faculties, and administrations. The document does not provide for a "blueprint" to the governance of higher education.

Also, the purpose of the statement was not to provide principles for relations with industry and government although it establishes direction on "the correction of existing weaknesses." Rather, the statement aimed to establish a shared vision for the internal governance of institutions. Student involvement is not addressed in detail. The statement concerns general education policy and internal operations with an overview of the formal roles for governing structures in the organization and management of higher education.

Conflict with religious institutions
Some scholars have criticized the AAUP's "antipathy toward religious colleges and universities." And the AAUP has censured numerous religious institutions, including Brigham Young University and The Catholic University of America. Others have criticized the AAUP's current stance regarding academic freedom in religious institutions as contradicting its 1940 statement on academic freedom, which permits religious institutions to place limits on academic freedom if those limitations are clearly stated. In 1970, the AAUP criticized its 1940 statement, positing that most religious institutions "no longer need or desire" to place limits on academic freedom.

In 1988, the AAUP offered up another interpretation, stating that the "1970 de-endorsement clause" requires a religious institution to forfeit its "right to represent itself as an 'authentic seat of higher learning.'" But the AAUP's Committee A did not endorse it, thus the issue on whether a religious institution can place limits on academic freedom if those limitations are clearly stated appears to be unresolved.

Contingent faculty
In recent decades, the AAUP has added a focus on addressing the dramatic increase in faculty positions off the tenure track. An increasing percentage of faculty has become "contingent," or non-tenure track. Many are hired into part-time positions, often multiple part-time positions which together equal a full-time load or more, but with dramatically lower pay, little job security, and few or no fringe benefits. As of 2005, 48 percent of all faculty served in part-time appointments, and non-tenure-track positions of all types accounted for 68 percent of all faculty appointments in American higher education.

The AAUP has released a number of reports on contingent faculty: in 2008, a report on accreditors' guidelines pertaining to part-time faculty and a report of an investigation involving alleged violations of the academic freedom and due process rights of a full-time contingent faculty member; and in 2006, an index providing data on the number of contingent faculty at various colleges. Also in 2006, the AAUP adopted a new policy dealing with the job protections that should be afforded to part-time faculty members. In 2003, it released its major policy statement Contingent Appointments and the Academic Profession. The statement makes new recommendations in two areas: increasing the proportion of faculty appointments that are on the tenure line as well as improving job security and due process protections for those with contingent appointments.

Collective bargaining

In 2009, AAUP began its reorganization the formal separation of the previously-muddied relationship between its thinktank, its lobbying in non-organized chapters (called Advocacy), and its support for Collective Bargaining Chapters. AAUP currently represents approximately 70 affiliates across the United States in such institutions as University of Connecticut, Portland State University, University of Alaska, the California State University system, Rutgers, University of Oregon, Eastern Michigan University, University of Illinois Chicago, University of Rhode Island, State University of New York, and many others in both the public and private sector, as well as a large number of affiliate organizations in which affiliation is shared with other labor unions, the most common dual affiliation being with the American Federation of Teachers (AFT).

Unlike the American Federation of Teachers and other more traditional labor unions, AAUP is not a servicing parent organization. All of its affiliates (at least those that are not affiliated with any other labor union) are independent organizations that completely provide for all their own services, such as staff, attorneys, consultants and organizers. Also, the AAUP does not have the power of receivership in its constitution and so it can not take over any of its affiliates, supplant any of its elected leaders, or dictate policy or bargaining proposals or agenda upon them.

Several university chapters have been involved in labor strikes, including at Boston University in 1979, Wright State University and Oregon Tech in 2021, and Rutgers University in 2023.

Leadership
Early on, the AAUP was headed by a chief academic officer, later a general secretary, and most recently an executive director, including the following:

 Arthur O. Lovejoy (1915-1929)
 Harry W. Tyler (1930-1933)
 Walter W. Cook (1933-1935)
 Harry W. Tyler (1935-1936; acting)
 Ralph Himstead (1936-1955)
 George P. Shannon (1955; acting)
 Ralph F. Fuchs (1955-1957)
 Robert K. Carr (1957-1958)
 William P. Fidler (1958-1967)
 Bertram H. Davis (1967-1974)
 Joseph Duffey (1974-1976)
 Jordan E. Kurland (1977; acting)
 Morton S. Baratz (1977-1979)
 Martha Friedman (1979-1980; interim)
 Irving J. Spitzberg, Jr. (1980-1984)
 Ernst Benjamin (1984-1994)
 Mary A. Burgan (1994-2004)
 Roger W. Bowen (2004-2007)
 Ernst Benjamin (2007-2008; interim)
 Gary Rhoades (2009-2011)
 Martin Snyder (2011-2013; senior associate)
 Julie Schmid (2013-2023)
 Nancy Long (2023-present; interim)

See also
 National Conference of University Professors (UK)
 Professors in the United States
 University organizations (annotated list)

References

External links

Educational organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1915
Academic freedom
Professional associations based in the United States
American education-related professional associations


In the Raw is a 2009 documentary film about Lubricated Goat's nude appearance on Australian TV.

In November 1988, Andrew Denton's Blah Blah Blah program caused a nationwide stir by allowing guitar group Lubricated Goat to perform on Australian Broadcasting Corporation TV completely naked.  The resulting media frenzy jammed phone lines as the public debated this supposed decline in Australian media standards.

In The Raw dispels myths which have arisen as a result of Lubricated Goat's nude appearance by exposing the politics, censorship, and nudity of this event through extensive interviews with the members of the band, ABC Management, and the Blah Blah Blah production team. The project was directed by Craig Barnes and made for Happening Films of Melbourne, Australia.

In the Raw debuted on Friday 11 December, at the 19th Meredith Music Festival Outlands Ecoplex Cinema.

External links
 In the Raw page
 Director's In the Raw page

2009 films
Australian documentary films
2009 documentary films
2000s English-language films
English-language documentary films

In the Raw (film)


The Mighty Diamonds were a Jamaican harmony trio, recording roots reggae with a strong Rastafarian influence. The group was formed in 1969 and were best known for their 1976 debut album, Right Time, produced by Joseph Hoo Kim, and the 1979 release, Deeper Roots.

On March 29, 2022, their lead singer, Donald "Tabby" Shaw, was shot dead in a drive-by shooting. On April 1, 2022, Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson died. They disbanded shortly afterwards.

History
Formed in 1969 in the Trenchtown area of Kingston, the group comprised lead vocalist Donald "Tabby" Shaw, and harmony vocalists Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson and Lloyd "Judge" Ferguson. They had become friends at school in the mid-1960s, and were originally called The Limelight, adopting 'Mighty Diamonds' after Shaw's mother started referring to them as "the diamonds". Their smooth harmonies and choreographed stage show were inspired by Motown vocal groups of the 1960s, with Shaw listing The Temptations, The Stylistics, The Impressions, and The Delfonics as influences as well as Jamaican rocksteady artists such as John Holt and Ken Boothe.

Their early recordings were produced by Pat Francis, Stranger Cole ("Girl You Are Too Young" (1970), "Oh No Baby"), Derrick Harriott ("Mash Up"), Bunny Lee ("Jah Jah Bless the Dreadlocks", "Carefree Girl"), Lee "Scratch" Perry ("Talk About It"), and Rupie Edwards, but it was in 1973 that they had their first hit single with the Francis-produced "Shame and Pride", recorded at the Dynamic Sounds studio. It was their mid-1970s work with producer Joseph Hoo Kim that gave them their real breakthrough. "Country Living" and "Hey Girl" were recorded and released by the Channel One label. "Right Time" followed, on Hoo Kim's Well Charge label, and cemented their status as one of the top Jamaican groups of the time.

Virgin Records signed them and the group's début album, Right Time, was released in 1976, including most of their early Channel One hits. The album was an international success and for the follow-up, Virgin sent them to work with Allen Toussaint in New Orleans, with local musicians providing the backing. The resulting Ice on Fire album sold poorly, the production not appealing to reggae fans, and the album later described as "an attempt by New Orleans soul musicians to play reggae".

Back in Jamaica, they continued to record for Channel One, with the Stand Up to Your Judgment album released in 1978, and continued to produce a string of hit singles. They also released records on their own 'Bad Gong' label. The group's Deeper Roots, released in 1979, was their next big album success, again released by Virgin, on its Front Line label.

In the early 1980s, they recorded with producer Gussie Clarke, largely using old Studio One tracks as the basis for their recordings, and dubplates of these sessions became popular on sound systems in Jamaica, New York, and London, particularly "Pass the Kouchie", recorded on the "Full Up" riddim. Their work with Clarke produced the 1981 album Changes.

"Pass the Kouchie", written by Ferguson and Simpson, became an international hit twice, when first released (on their 1982 album Changes) and again when it was covered by Musical Youth with altered lyric to remove the drug references, and released as "Pass the Dutchie" (1982).

Their performance at Reggae Sunsplash in 1982 was released on an album later that year, paired with the performance from Mutabaruka.

The group continued to release albums regularly, adapting successfully to the prevailing digital rhythms of the 1980s and beyond. Tabby, Bunny and Judge issued over forty albums in their long career.

In 2021, the group was honoured with the Order of Distinction (Officer Class) in the National Honours and Awards, on the occasion of Jamaica's 59th Anniversary of Independence.

On 29th March 2022, Donald "Tabby" Shaw was shot dead, along with one other person, on McKinley Crescent in St Andrew, Kingston, Jamaica. Three others were injured in the shooting. The following Friday, 1st April, co-signer with the group, Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson died whilst in an undisclosed Kingston hospital.

Discography

Studio albums
 Right Time (1976), Free World Music
 Ice on Fire (1977), Free World Music
 Planet Mars Dub (1978), Front Line – The Icebreakers and the Diamonds, dub version of Planet Earth
 Stand Up to Your Judgment (1978), Channel One
 Tell Me What's Wrong (1978), Hit Bound
 Planet Earth (1978), Virgin
 Deeper Roots (1979), Free World Music
 Deeper Roots Dub (1979)
 Changes (1981), Music Works
 Dubwise (1981), Music Works – six dub versions from Changes and four other dubs
 Reggae Street (1981), Free World Music
 The Roots Is There (1982), Music Works/Shanachie
 Indestructible (1982), Alligator  (similar to the album Changes with two extra songs)
 Heads of Government (1982), Jah Guidance
 Leaders of Black Countries (Showcase Album) (1983), Mobiliser
 Backstage (1983), Music Works
 Kouchie Vibes (1984), Burning Sounds
 Diamonds Are Forever (1984), Woorell Japan – Eight songs exclusive to Japan plus two singles
 Pass the Kouchie (1985), Free World Music
 Struggling (1985), Free World Music
 If You Looking for Trouble (1986), Live & Learn
 The Real Enemy (1987), Greensleeves
 Never Get Weary (1988), Live & Learn
 Get Ready (1988), Rohit International/Greensleeves
 Ready for the World (1989), Overheat Japan – Eight songs exclusive to Japan plus two singles
 Jam Session (Remastered), Free World Music
 Tour the World (1991) – contains five new songs and five old songs
 Patience (1991), Free World Music
 The Moment of Truth (1992), Free World Music
 Bust Out (1993), Free World Music
 Paint It Red (1993), Free Worfd Music
 Speak the Truth (1994), Free World Music
 Stand Up (1998), Gone Clear
 Rise Up (2001), Free World Music
 Thugs in the Streets (2006), Nocturne
 Inna De Yard (2008), Makasound – acoustic versions of classic songs performed with nyabinghi drums

Collaborations and split albums
 Vital Dub Strictly Rockers (aka: Vital Dub – Well Charged) (1976) – includes five dub versions from the Right Time album
 Trinity Meet the Mighty Diamonds (1979), Gorgon
 Disco Showcase (1979), Gussie Roots Sounds – Leroy Smart feat. The Mighty Diamonds
 Right Time Rockers (The Lost Album) (1998) – recorded in 1976, U-Roy deejaying on the riddims from the Right Time album

Compilations
 Vital Selection (1981), Virgin – 1976–1979 Joseph Hoo Kim produced material
 Ebony and Ivory (1983), Woorell – Japanese compilation of Augustus Clark productions
 Go Seek Your Rights (1990), Front Line – 1976–1979 Joseph Hoo Kim produced material
 Mighty Diamonds Meet Don Carlos & Gold at Channel One Studios (1993), Channel One – includes the complete Right Time album
 Paint It Red (1993), RAS – compilation of singles from 1985–1990, overdubbed with new instruments
 Works (1994), JVC/Victor – 1981–1988 Augustus Clarke material
 From the Foundation (1996), Gone Clear – The Mighty Diamonds & The Tamlins, 1978–1981 Augustus Clarke material
 Heads of Government (1996), Germain – Donovan Germain-produced material, different from the 1983 album
 Maximum Replay (1997) – 1981–1988 Augustus Clarke material
 The Best of the Mighty Diamonds: 20 Hits (1997) – contains two full albums: Stand Up to Your Judgment and Tell Me What's Wrong
 RAS Portrait (1997), RAS – recordings from 1993–1994
 Right Time Come (1998) – includes the complete Right Time album and nine songs from 1978
 Indestructible: Anthology Volume 1 (1999)
 Natural Natty Reggae (2000), Simon – compilation of singles produced by Bunny Diamonds between 1976 and 1997
 The Classics Recordings of Jamaica's Finest Vocal Trio (2000), Music Club
 Gold Collection (2000), Grayland
 Everlasting: 30th Anniversary (2000), D-3
 Rise Up (2001), Jet Star
 Unconquerable (2003), Reggae Road
 Revolution (2003), NYC Music
 The Best of the Mighty Diamonds (2004), Seymour – features two albums: Pass the Kouchie and Tour the World
 Back2Back: Tamlins & Mighty Diamonds (2007)
 Reggae Legends (2008), VP – 4-CD boxset that contains the four albums issued on Greensleeves: The Real Enemy, Get Ready, Live in Europe and Bust Out
 Kings of Reggae (2009), Nocturne – material issued on RAS records in 1993–1994
 Leaders of Black Countries (2011), Kingston Sounds

Live albums
 Live in Tokyo (1985)
 Live in Europe (1989)
 Live at Reggae Sunsplash (1992), Genes  – recorded in August 1982, eight songs from Mighty Diamonds and seven songs from Mutabaruka
 The Best of Reggae Live (2001) – Frankie Paul & Mighty Diamonds
 Live in Europe: Nice, France (2002) – recorded in 1997

References

External links
Detailed discography on NiceUp.com
Mighty Diamonds discography – singles and more
Discography at Discogs

Jamaican reggae musical groups
Musical groups established in 1969
Musical groups disestablished in 2022
VP Records artists
Shanachie Records artists
Virgin Records artists
1969 establishments in Jamaica
2022 disestablishments in Jamaica

Mighty Diamonds


"Not Strong Enough" is a song by Finnish rock band Apocalyptica. The song is the third single from their seventh studio album 7th Symphony. The song features Brent Smith of Shinedown on lead vocals. It was first released on iTunes on November 1, 2010, but not in the US, where another version of the song, featuring Doug Robb of Hoobastank on vocals, was released on January 18, 2011. The song was re-recorded with Robb after the band failed to secure the rights to release the song in the US with Smith's vocals from Shinedown's label, Atlantic Records.

Track listing

References

2010 singles
Apocalyptica songs
Songs written by Diane Warren
2010 songs

Not Strong Enough


Cop Land is a 1997 American neo-noir crime drama film written and directed by James Mangold. It stars an ensemble cast that includes Sylvester Stallone, Harvey Keitel, Ray Liotta, and Robert De Niro, with Peter Berg, Janeane Garofalo, Robert Patrick, Michael Rapaport, Annabella Sciorra, Noah Emmerich, and Cathy Moriarty in supporting roles. Stallone portrays the sheriff of a small New Jersey town who comes into conflict with the corrupt New York City police officers living in the community. The film received positive reviews and grossed $63.7 million on a $15 million budget.

Plot
The town of Garrison, New Jersey is home to a cadre of policemen from the NYPD's 37th Precinct: Lt. Ray Donlan, Det. Leo Crasky, and officers Gary Figgis, Jack Rucker, Frank Lagonda, and Joey Randone. Exploiting a loophole in department regulations allowing them to live outside the city by being designated "auxiliary transit cops", Donlan and his group are effectively untouchable by the NYPD's Internal Affairs division and are further protected by Sheriff Freddy Heflin. Unable to fulfill his lifelong dream of joining the NYPD due to deafness in one ear after nearly drowning while rescuing a woman years earlier, Heflin idolizes Donlan and refuses to help IA investigator Lt. Moe Tilden in his attempt to build a case against the dirty cops.

One night, Donlan's nephew, Officer Murray Babitch, is sideswiped by two African-American teens while driving across the George Washington Bridge. One of the teens points what looks like a weapon at Babitch just as his tire blows out from a glass puncture; a frightened Babitch shoots them both dead. Donlan, Rucker, and Crasky show up and try to plant a gun in the teens' car, only to get caught by a paramedic. In desperation, Donlan convinces Babitch to fake his suicide before hiding him in Garrison with a promise that he will set him up with a new identity.

Randone's wife Liz —- the woman Heflin saved from drowning -— visits Heflin at his home and they confess their feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Figgis is kicked out of Donlan's circle, and his house burns down soon after with his girlfriend inside; Heflin lets him stay at his home thinking that Donlan tried to kill him. Fearing that Babitch will expose him, Donlan unsuccessfully tries to drown his nephew. Babitch then goes to Heflin for help but flees when he sees Figgis. While on patrol, Randone is attacked and thrown over the edge of a building; Donlan deliberately lets him fall in retaliation for Randone's affair with his wife Rose.

Tired of being pushed around by Donlan and his men, Heflin visits Tilden to offer his help with the investigation, only to learn that the mayor, under pressure from Donlan's allies in the police union, has ordered IA to cease investigating. As Heflin leaves, he steals discarded IA files that reveal Donlan's ties to the mob. Donlan used those connections to create a safe haven in Garrison while trafficking drugs through the 37th Precinct, even having a cop who sought to testify against him stabbed to death in his jail cell.

Heflin brings the files to his deputies Cindy and Bill, but Cindy, tired of the corruption in Garrison, resigns from her post. Rucker tries to intimidate Heflin over his IA visit at a carnival pistol game, but he's surprised to find that Heflin is a crack shot. While later sharing dinner, a rattled Liz chides Heflin for digging into Donlan and accuses him of trying to take Randone's place in her life. Resigned, he walks away from her.

After Lagonda threatens him at gunpoint, Heflin looks into the fire at Figgis' house and realizes that it was arson. Figgis admits that he started the fire to commit insurance fraud so he could leave Garrison and start over. The two men argue, and Figgis abandons Heflin and drives away. Heflin goes to Rose and convinces her to reveal where Babitch is hiding, planning to hand him over to Tilden. After sending Bill away for his own protection, Heflin walks Babitch over to his car but is ambushed by Rucker who fires a gun next to his good ear, leaving him completely deaf. Discombobulated, Heflin follows him as he drives Babitch over to Donlan's residence.

In the ensuing shootout, Heflin kills Lagonda and Rucker; Crasky wounds him in the shoulder before Figgis suddenly appears and guns Crasky down. Inside, Donlan tries to shoot Heflin in the back before Figgis distracts him, resulting in Heflin fatally shooting him in the chest. The two men drive Babitch to One Police Plaza and deliver him to Tilden. Figgis turns state's evidence, resulting in sweeping arrests and indictments across the union, the mob, and the 37th Precinct. Heflin undergoes medical treatment to fix his good ear and returns to his old job in Garrison.

Cast

 Sylvester Stallone as Sheriff Freddy Heflin
 Harvey Keitel as Ray Donlan
 Ray Liotta as Gary "Figgsy" Figgis
 Robert De Niro as Moe Tilden
 Peter Berg as Joey Randone
 Janeane Garofalo as Deputy Sheriff Cindy Betts
 Robert Patrick as Officer Jack Rucker
 Michael Rapaport as Murray "Superboy" Babitch
 Annabella Sciorra as Liz Randone
 Noah Emmerich as Deputy Sheriff Bill Geisler
 Cathy Moriarty as Rose Donlan
 John Spencer as Leo Crasky
 Frank Vincent as PDA President Vince Lassaro
 Malik Yoba as Detective Carson
 Arthur Nascarella as Officer Frank Lagonda
 Victor Williams as Officer Russell Ames
 Edie Falco as Berta (Bomb Squad Agent)
 Mel Gorham as Monica Lopez
 Paul Herman as carnival worker
 Paul Calderón as Hector (GWB Paramedic)
 Vincent Laresca as Robert (GWB Paramedic)
 Method Man as Shondel (rooftop perp)
 Deborah Harry as Delores (4 Aces bartender)
 John Ventimiglia as Officer V
 Tony Sirico as Salvatore "Toy" Torillo (photo only)

Production

Garrison is based on Mangold's hometown of Washingtonville, New York, located about  from New York City. Mangold grew up in a development called Worley Heights, where many of the residents were current and former NYPD police officers.
Stallone gained  to portray the beaten-down sheriff of Garrison.

The principal shooting location for the film was Edgewater, New Jersey.

Music

The film's soundtrack features two songs from Bruce Springsteen's 1980 album The River: "Drive All Night" and "Stolen Car", songs by other artists, and an original score from Howard Shore. One additional song, Blue Öyster Cult's "Burnin' for You", was added to the soundtrack of the director's cut, first released on home video in 2004.

The score by Howard Shore was performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra and released as Cop Land: Music from the Miramax Motion Picture in 1997. The soundtrack released on CD contained twelve tracks, with a runtime of 40:11 minutes.

Release

Theatrical
Cop Land premiered at the Ziegfeld Theater in New York City on August 6, 1997. Some of the film's cast members attended, including Stallone, Keitel, Liotta, Sciorra, Moriarty and Rapaport.

Stallone's understated performance was praised by critics and he received the Best Actor award at the Stockholm International Film Festival. Cop Land was also screened at the 54th Venice Film Festival in the Midnight line-up. Earlier in May 1997, the film was accepted into the main competition at the Cannes Film Festival, but Miramax declined the invitation due to re-shoots that were needed for the film, including footage of Stallone 40 pounds heavier.

Home media
Cop Land has been released on VHS, Laserdisc and DVD numerous times since 1998. The US laserdisc release had the theatrical cut in letterboxed (non-anamorphic) widescreen with special features consisting of an audio commentary with director James Mangold on the left analogue channel and chapter 16 of the laserdisc containing deleted scenes. The initial extras-free DVDs had the theatrical cut in non-anamorphic widescreen, while subsequent issues, including various "Collector's Editions" on DVD and Blu-ray, have favoured the director's cut. StudioCanal's French and German region B-locked Blu-rays exclusively feature both the 101-minute theatrical cut and 116-minute director's cut.

Extras include an audio commentary (with James Mangold, Sylvester Stallone, Robert Patrick, and producer Cathy Konrad), "The Making of an Urban Western" featurette, a storyboard comparison, two deleted scenes and the theatrical trailer.

The two deleted scenes primarily show the racism in the town of Garrison. One scene involves all the resident police officers chasing down a pair of black motorists, and the other shows Heflin's deputy pointing out that the majority of the tickets issued in Garrison go to black motorists on charges that suggest racial profiling.

Reception

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 75% based on 67 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Cop Land gifts its star-studded cast with richly imagined characters while throttling the audience with carefully-ratcheted suspense, although this potboiler lacks the moral complexity of the crime classics that it harkens to." On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100 based on 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars and wrote, "There is a rough balance between how long a movie is, how deep it goes and how much it can achieve. That balance is not found in Cop Land and the result is too much movie for the running time". On the other hand, Gene Siskel praised the movie, especially the screenplay, as "one to be savored."

Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that "the strength of Cop Land is in its hard-edged, novelistic portraits, which pile up furiously during the film's dynamic opening scenes ... Yet if the price of Mangold's casting ambitions is a story that can't, finally, match its marquee value, that value is still inordinately strong. Everywhere the camera turns in this tense and volatile drama, it finds enough interest for a truckload of conventional Hollywood fare. Whatever its limitations, Cop Land has talent to burn".

Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B−" rating, and Owen Gleiberman wrote, "Stallone does a solid, occasionally winning job of going through the motions of shedding his stardom, but the wattage of his personality is turned way down—at times, it's turned down to neutral. And that pretty much describes Cop Land, too. Dense, meandering, ambitious yet jarringly pulpy, this tale of big-city corruption in small-town America has competence without mood or power—a design but not a vision". In her review for The Washington Post, Rita Kempley wrote, "With its redundancy of supporting characters, snarled subplots and poky pace, Cop Land really might have been better off trading the director for a traffic cop". Rolling Stone magazine's Peter Travers praised Stallone's performance: "His performance builds slowly but achieves a stunning payoff when Freddy decides to clean up his town ... Freddy awakes to his own potential, and it's exhilarating to watch the character and the actor revive in unison. Nearly down for the count in the movie ring, Stallone isn't just back in the fight. He's a winner". In his review for the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle also liked Stallone's work: "His transformation is more than a matter of weight. He looks spiritually beaten and terribly sad. He looks like a real person, not a cult-of-the-body film star, and he uses the opportunity to deliver his best performance in years".

The film had a record opening weekend for Miramax with a gross of $13.5 million and went on to gross $44.9 million in the United States and Canada and $63.7 million worldwide.

With its dark tone and all-star dramatic cast, Cop Land was a shift from Stallone's recent comic efforts which were critical and box office bombs (1991's Oscar and 1992's Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot).  Additionally, Cop Land was to show Stallone in a completely different light, both physically (his 40-pound weight gain got a lot of press coverage), as well as artistically, by letting him showcase his acting skills. The film posted solid box-office takings, got good reviews, and Stallone received positive critical notices for his performance. Yet Stallone has said the film was bad for his career. In a 2019 interview Stallone called Mangold "the best director I ever worked with [but the film] actually worked in reverse. It was pretty good critically, but the fact that it didn't do a lot of box office, again it fomented the opinion that I had my moment and was going the way of the dodo bird and the Tasmanian tiger."

James Mangold said the hype due to the casting "overscaled the movie" and added: "I'm very proud of the movie and the ideas in it, but one of the things that was difficult for me at the time was that I'd imagined the lead being someone you hadn't heard of before, so that their extension into a hero would be less Hollywood."

References

External links

1997 films
1997 crime thriller films
1990s English-language films
1990s police films
American crime thriller films
American neo-noir films
American police detective films
Films about the New York City Police Department
Films about police corruption
Films about police misconduct
Films directed by James Mangold
Films produced by Cathy Konrad
Films scored by Howard Shore
Films set in New Jersey
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New Jersey
Films with screenplays by James Mangold
Miramax films
1990s American films
Films about disability

Cop Land


Ruth Aaronson Bari (November 17, 1917 – August 25, 2005) was an American mathematician known for her work in graph theory and algebraic homomorphisms. She was a professor at George Washington University, beginning in 1966.

Career
The daughter of Polish-Jewish immigrants to the United States, Ruth Aaronson was born November 17, 1917, and grew up in Brooklyn, New York.

She attended Brooklyn College, earning her bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1939. She earned her Master of Arts degree at Johns Hopkins University in 1943, but had originally enrolled in the doctoral program. When the university suggested that women in the graduate program should give up their fellowships so that men returning from World War II could study, Bari acceded. After marrying Arthur Bari, she spent the next two decades devoted to their family. They had three daughters together.

She returned to Johns Hopkins for graduate work, and completed her dissertation on "absolute reducibility of maps of at most 19 regions" in 1966 at the age of 47. Bari's dissertation explored chromatic polynomials and the Birkhoff–Lewis conjecture. She determined that, "because of the fact that all other cubic maps with fewer than 20 regions contain at least one absolutely reducible configuration, it follows that the Birkhoff-Lewis conjecture holds for all maps with fewer than 20 regions." Her Ph.D. advisor was Daniel Clark Lewis, Jr. and her thesis was titled, Absolute Reducibility of Maps of at Most 19 Regions.

After she received her degree, mathematician William Tutte invited Bari to spend two weeks lecturing on her work in Canada at the University of Waterloo. Bari's work in the areas of graph theory and homomorphisms—and especially chromatic polynomials—has been recognized as influential.

In 1976, two professors relied on computer work to solve the perennial problem of Bari's dissertation, involving the four-color conjecture. When her daughter Martha asked her if she felt cheated by the technological solution, Bari replied, "I'm just grateful that it was solved within my lifetime and that I had the privilege to witness it."

During her teaching career, Bari participated in a class-action lawsuit against George Washington University which protested inequalities in promotion and pay for female faculty members. The protests were successful. Notable students of Bari include Carol Crawford, Steven Kahn, and Lee Lawrence.

Bari retired at the legally mandated age of 70 in 1988 with the distinction of professor emeritus.

Community and personal life
Bari was active in the Washington, DC community. In the early 1970s, Bari used a grant from the National Science Foundation to start a master's degree program in teaching mathematics. She felt that math teachers in DC public schools were not as well prepared as they needed to be.

Her three daughters became influential in their fields. Judi Bari (1949–1997) was a leading labor and environmental activist and feminist, who lived and worked in Northern California. She survived an assassination attempt in 1990. Gina Kolata is a mathematics, health and science journalist for the New York Times. Martha Bari is an art historian at Hood College in Fredrick, Maryland.

Bari died on August 25, 2005, from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She had lived in Silver Spring, Maryland since 1963 and was 87 years old at the time of her death. She was survived by her husband of 64 years of marriage, Arthur Bari (1913–2006). In addition to their three daughters, they had two grandchildren, including Lisa Bari.

References

1917 births
2005 deaths
American women mathematicians
Jewish American scientists
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
George Washington University faculty
Graph theorists
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century women mathematicians
21st-century women mathematicians
Brooklyn College alumni
21st-century American women

Ruth Aaronson Bari


Three Wise Fools is a 1946 American comedy drama film directed by Edward Buzzell and starring Margaret O'Brien, Lionel Barrymore, Lewis Stone, Edward Arnold, and Thomas Mitchell. It is somewhat loosely based on the 1918 Broadway play of the same name by Austin Strong and Winchell Smith, which had also been adapted to film in 1923, in a silent version directed by King Vidor.  This version is different in several respects from the original play and earlier film, changing some characters and plot elements, notably introducing a group of small supernatural people, referred to at times as "fairies," "pixies" or "leprechauns," who live in an ancient tree on an American estate.  Harry Davenport, who plays one of those beings, known as "The Ancient," was one of the lead characters in the 1918 play.

Plot
The story is told as a flashback, narrated by a "fairy" named "The Ancient," who sits at the base of an ancient tree that is home to these creatures. The young ones do not believe in the existence of humans, so The Ancient tells a story about the power of belief. In 1870, Rena Fairchild, a young American woman, is courted by three men: Richard Gaughnt, James Trumbell, and Theodore Findley. She is swept off her feet, however, by a dashing Irishman, "the O'Monahan," and goes with him to Ireland, but not before the O'Monahan, insulted by her suitors, pronounces a "blessing" on the three, prophesying that each will achieve their materialistic dreams.

Forty years later, the three men live together in a large house. They have had great success in their respective careers - medicine for Gaughnt, the law for Trumbell, and banking for Findley - but are not especially well-liked in their community. They donate some land to the local university, not out of generosity, but to improve their public image.

Young girl Sheila O'Monahan, the orphaned granddaughter of the recently deceased Rena, arrives, accompanied by longtime family servant Terence Aloysius O'Davern, and informs the three men that they are supposed to take her in as an adopted goddaughter. Initially rejecting her, the three men discover they have made an embarrassing mistake: the land they donated actually belongs to Sheila, Rena's sole surviving descendent and heir. They take Sheila and O'Davern into their household, without telling her why they changed their minds.

Sheila believes in Irish magic and the supernatural beings said to live in the old tree on Rena's land, invoking them at times in Gaelic.  Her devotion to the old men themselves begins to win over Gaughnt and Trumbell, though Findley looks for ways to steal back the deed. When they inform Sheila about their plans to build an amphitheater on the land and she learns that it would involve cutting down the tree, she rejects their plan.  Findley hires a troop of performing midgets to pose as the "pixies" and to pretend that the tree is dying and that they are leaving.

When Sheila eventually discovers the hoax with O'Davern's help, her faith in people, as well as her faith in pixies, is lost. She runs away to a convent, announcing her intention to become a nun to the Mother Superior.  Meanwhile, Gaughnt chains himself to the old tree to prevent its being cut down, and is joined by Trumbell.  After being confronted by the Mother Superior, the three men, now remorseful, join Sheila near the tree and announce that they can now see the "little people" themselves, although only Sheila actually sees them.  The three warmly decide to adopt her, and the tree is preserved.

Cast
Margaret O'Brien as Sheila O'Monahan
Lionel Barrymore as Dr. Richard Gaughnt
Lewis Stone as Judge James Trumbell
Thomas Mitchell as Terence Aloysius O'Davern
Edward Arnold as Theodore Findley
Ray Collins as Judge Watson
Jane Darwell as Sister Mary Brigid
Charles Dingle as Paul Badger
Harry Davenport as The Ancient
Henry O'Neill as Prof. Horace Appleby
Cyd Charisse as Rena Fairchild
Warner Anderson as The O'Monahan
Billy Curtis as Dugan
Olin Howland as Witness (uncredited)

Reception
The film was savagely reviewed in The New York Times by resident film critic Bosley Crowther, who described the adaptation as "Peter Panning" the original play with "quasi-Barrie mores," so that "it oozes the most egregious sentiment and drips verbal lollipops."

The film earned $1,633,000 in the US and Canada and $463,000 elsewhere, causing a loss of $66,000.

References

External links

1946 films
1946 comedy-drama films
American comedy-drama films
American black-and-white films
American films based on plays
Films about orphans
Films directed by Edward Buzzell
Films scored by Bronisław Kaper
Films set in 1870
Films set in 1910
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films
American historical films
1940s historical films

Three Wise Fools (1946 film)


The siliqua (plural siliquae) is the modern name given (without any ancient evidence to confirm the designation) to small, thin, Roman silver coins produced in the 4th century A.D. and later. When the coins were in circulation, the Latin word siliqua was a unit, perhaps of weight defined by one late Roman writer as one twenty-fourth of a Roman solidus.

The term siliqua comes from the siliqua graeca, the seed of the carob tree, which in the Roman weight system is equivalent to  of a scruple ( of a Roman pound or about 0.19 grams).

The term has been applied in modern times to various silver coins on the premise that the coins were valued at  of the gold solidus (which weighed  of a Roman pound) and therefore represented a siliqua of gold in value. Since gold was worth about 12 times as much as silver in ancient Rome (in Diocletian's Edict of Maxmimum Prices of 301), such a silver coin would have a theoretical weight of 2.22 grams ((4.45 grams/24)x12 = 2.22 grams). This has not prevented the term from being applied today to silver coins issued by Constantine, which initially weighed 3.4 grams and to the later silver (heavy) "siliqua" of Constantius II of c. 3 grams, but it would fit the later "reduced siliqua" from after the reform of 355 which weighed about 2.2 grams. These are called "light" or "reduced" siliquae to differentiate them. The term is one of convenience, as no name for these coins is indicated by contemporary sources. Thin silver coins as late as the 7th century AD which weigh about 2–3 grams are known as siliquae by numismatic convention.

The majority of examples suffer striking cracks (testimony to their fast production) or extensive clipping (removing silver from the edge of the coin), and thus to find both an untouched and undamaged example is fairly uncommon. It is thought that by clipping, siliquae provided the first coinage of the Saxons, as this reduced them to around the same size as a sceat, and there is considerable evidence from archaeological sites of this period, that siliquae and many other Roman coins were utilized by Saxons as pendants, lucky charms, currency and curiosities.

See also
 Roman currency
 Hoxne Hoard, a hoard of 14,212 silver siliquae dating from the early 5th century.

References and external links

Coins of ancient Rome
Numismatics
Silver coins

Siliqua


Robert Errey (born September 21, 1964) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left wing and former sportscaster for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 15th overall by Pittsburgh in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft and played 895 NHL games over the course of his career.

Playing career
Errey was born in Montreal, Quebec. As a youth, he played in the 1977 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Peterborough, Ontario.

Errey played junior ice hockey with the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League from 1980 to 1983. During that time he teamed with Steve Yzerman to form the top line, and led the team in goals with 53 in 1983. Errey would eventually reunite with Yzerman in Detroit for one full season and two half seasons in the mid 1990s.

Errey played most notably for the Pittsburgh Penguins, but also played for the Buffalo Sabres, San Jose Sharks, Detroit Red Wings, Dallas Stars and New York Rangers. He won two Stanley Cups as a member of the Penguins in 1991 and 1992. He was also a member of Team Canada in 1997 winning a gold medal at the World Championships and appeared in the 1995 Stanley Cup Finals with Detroit. With the Penguins, he originally wore jersey #10 then settled with #12. He retired in 1999 after playing the entire 1998–99 season with the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League.

Errey served as the captain of the San Jose Sharks for the 1993–94 NHL season and part of the 1994–95 season.

Broadcast career
Errey is a former TV colour analyst for the Pittsburgh Penguins broadcasts on AT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh alongside Steve Mears.  He also appeared as an analyst on the NHL Network's nightly highlight show, NHL on the Fly during the 2007 Stanley Cup Playoffs. He occasionally appears on TSN as an analyst during the network's coverage of the IIHF World Hockey Championships.

Personal life
Errey was born in Montreal, grew up in Peterborough, Ontario, and attended Crestwood Secondary School.

Errey and his wife Tracy have two sons, Connor and Chad.

Errey is a cousin of the Indy Champ, Tom Geoghegan of the Kinloch racing team and a third cousin to hockey legend Ted Lindsay.

Awards
Stanley Cup
 Pittsburgh Penguins – 1991, 1992

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Canadian television sportscasters
Dallas Stars players
Detroit Red Wings players
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Ice hockey people from Montreal
National Hockey League broadcasters
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
New York Rangers players
Peterborough Petes (ice hockey) players
Pittsburgh Penguins announcers
Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks
Pittsburgh Penguins players
San Jose Sharks players
Ice hockey people from Peterborough, Ontario
Stanley Cup champions

Bob Errey


John Estacio  (born April 8, 1966) is a contemporary Canadian composer of opera, orchestral and choral music.

Life and career
Estacio was born in Newmarket, Ontario. Raised in the farming community of the Holland Marsh, Ontario, Estacio took piano and accordion lessons, and played church organ every Sunday.  As a teenager, he created soundtracks for short student films, played trumpet, and performed in high school productions of Broadway musicals.

He majored in composition at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario studying with Glenn Buhr and Peter Hatch.  He earned his post-graduate degree at the University of British Columbia where he studied composition with Stephen Chatman.

In 1992, his first major orchestral work, Visoes da Noite, won second-prize in the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra's Canadian Composers Competition.  Saudades for orchestra was premiered at the WSO's New Music Festival in 1993.

From 1992 to 2000, Estacio was Composer in Residence of the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.  During his residency, Estacio created several orchestral works, participated in novel audience outreach programs, and created the Young Composers Project.
A Farmer's Symphony (1994), Borealis (1997), Flights of Fancy (1999), Frenergy (1998), Triple Concerto for Piano, Violin and Cello (1997), Variations on a Memory (1995), Victims of Us All (1996), Wondrous Light (1997) and The Twins and the Monster (2001) a children's tale for actress and orchestra with text by Tololwa M. Mollel, were all written for the ESO.

From 2000 to 2003, Estacio was Composer in Residence with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra and the Calgary Opera. He composed Solaris (2000), Bootlegger's Tarantella (2001) and Spring's Promise (2004) for the orchestra, and between 2001 and 2003 he wrote the opera Filumena (based on the life of Filumena Lassandro) with librettist John Murrell. Premiered in Calgary, the opera has been performed at the Banff Centre, Ottawa's National Arts Centre, and by the Edmonton Opera, where it was filmed for television broadcast on the CBC television network.

Estacio has also been commissioned to write works for the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, the Manitoba Chamber Orchestra, the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, the CBC Radio Orchestra, the Banff International String Quartet Competition, and the Penderecki String Quartet.  His music has been performed by all the major Canadian orchestras, as well as internationally.

In 2003 the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and conductor Mario Bernardi recorded six of Estacio's major orchestral compositions.   Released in 2004, the compact disc Frenergy  was nominated for two Juno Awards. In 2004 the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra and Music Director Geoffrey Moull recorded Variations on a Memory for a new CD that was also nominated for a Juno Award and became the best-selling disc of the Canadian Music Centre in 2005. Estacio received SOCAN's Jan V. Matejcek Concert Music Award in 2004, 2005, and 2007, as well as Young Composer Awards from SOCAN and PROCAN in 1989, 1990, 1992 and 1994.

Recent works include orchestrations of Seven Songs by Jean Sibelius for tenor Ben Heppner and the score of The Secret of The Nutcracker for a CBC television broadcast in December 2008.  He currently resides in Edmonton, and recently completed his second opera, Frobisher (based on the life of Martin Frobisher), premiered in Calgary on January 27, 2007.  The Houses Stand Not Far Apart, a large-scale work for chorus and orchestra commissioned by the Canada Council for the Vancouver Bach Choir, Edmonton's Richard Eaton Singers, the Grand Philharmonic Choir, and Chorus Niagara, and set to poetry by Calgary author John Murrell, was premiered in March 2008.  Other upcoming commissions include a symphony for the Victoria Symphony Orchestra, and an opera for the Vancouver Opera. He recently wrote a piece for the Calgary Stampede Showband, entitled Prairie Ride and Sunset, which was commissioned by the band in 2012.

His most recent work is a world premiere ballet based on King Arthur's Camelot with the Cincinnati Ballet, premiering in February 2014.    The work was commissioned as part of the Cincinnati Ballet's 50th season.

Notes

External links
John Estacio's website
Filumena website
Canadian Music Centre website
Review of Estacio's opera Lillian Alling

1966 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Canadian classical composers
Canadian male classical composers
Wilfrid Laurier University alumni
Living people
Members of the Order of Canada
People from Newmarket, Ontario
Musicians from Edmonton
Musicians from Ontario
Canadian opera composers
Male opera composers
Canadian people of Portuguese descent
20th-century Canadian composers
20th-century Canadian male musicians
21st-century Canadian male musicians

John Estacio


Chris Steele MBE is a British medical doctor and broadcaster. He is the resident doctor on ITV's This Morning daytime magazine show, where he has appeared weekly since the show first aired in 1988.

Work on nicotine addiction
Steele became interested in treating his patients who smoked in the early 1970s and is now recognised as an international expert in smoking cessation and nicotine addiction. He has lectured on this subject in over 27 countries around the world, making many media appearances.

Fight to have nicotine gum prescriptions paid by NHS
In 1984, he was faced with a dilemma regarding the prescribing of nicotine gum (Nicorette) for smokers who wanted help in giving up their cigarettes. At that time in the UK, nicotine gum was a prescription only medicine (POM). It was in fact the only POM amongst thousands that could not be prescribed at NHS expense; in other words, it was not reimbursable under the socialised medicine system that was in effect at that time in the UK.

A Department of Health committee, known as the Advisory Committee on Borderline Substances, recommended that Nicorette should not be allowed on NHS prescription, because it decreed that "Anti smoking preparations are not regarded as drugs." Dr Steele regarded that nicotine was most certainly a drug and a powerful one at that, and so prescribed nicotine gum on NHS prescriptions for those motivated smokers who wanted to give up smoking. As a result of "breaking the rules", Steele faced various disciplinary hearings, eventually having to present his case to a Tribunal of Independent Referees.

At that tribunal a statement for the Secretary of State for Health read as follows: "Smoking is a habit it is not a disease or condition even though It may be a contributary cause of, or may aggravate, a disease or condition such as bronchitis, carcinoma of the lung, arteriosclerosis and so on." The tribunal's conclusions to "Is tobacco dependency a disease?", dated 6 July 1984, which Steele's supporters regarded as a vindication, were as follows:

 "We find it ought to be so considered."
 "We find that nicotine prescribed for this purpose has both a pharmacological and a therapeutic effect."
 "We find that this method of treatment is the most effective that has so far been evolved."

Honours
In April 2010, Steele was appointed an MBE in recognition of his services to the medical profession and broadcasting.

Work on ITVs This Morning
Steele has appeared on ITV's daytime magazine show This Morning since its first episode in 1988 and has remained the resident health expert since then. He is now the only original, longest serving member of the This Morning team.

Family
Dr Steele's son, Andrew Steele, is an international athlete competing in the 400 m for Great Britain.

Notes

References

External links
 This Morning at itv.com

Living people
British television personalities
21st-century English medical doctors
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Health professionals from Manchester
Place of birth missing (living people)
1945 births

Chris Steele (doctor)