Thermite is an incendiary mixture. It is not an explosive material, but can burn very fast and very hot.

It is made of an oxide of a less reactive metal mixed with a more reactive metal. One of the most common mixtures is iron(III) oxide-aluminium. The iron(III) oxide oxidizes the aluminium, being reduced to iron in the process. The aluminium is oxidized to aluminium oxide.

Many other metal oxides and metals can be used for thermite. Some metals that can be used are boron, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zinc, or silicon. Some metal oxides that can be used are copper(II) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, manganese(IV) oxide, silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, or lead(II,IV) oxide. A metal cannot be used with its metal oxide. The metal has to be more reactive than the metal in the oxide, or the thermite will not work.

Reaction and ignition
The reaction for an aluminium-iron(III) oxide thermite is this:

2 Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 + 2 Fe

It is difficult to ignite thermite. It needs to be very hot. Ribbons of magnesium metal are used. A mixture of potassium permanganate and glycerin can be used to ignite thermite. It can be ignited by a flint lighter or a child's sparkler. It can be mixed with sulfur to make thermate, which makes it easier to melt the iron.

Contrary to popular opinion, metals can burn. Common metals need to be powdered, though, or they will conduct the heat away too fast to start a fire.

History
The thermite (thermit) reaction was discovered in 1893. German chemist Hans Goldschmidt patented it in 1895. People called it the "Goldschmidt reaction" or "Goldschmidt process". Goldschmidt was trying to make very pure metals without the use of carbon in smelting. He soon discovered the value of thermite in welding. It started to be used in the early 1900s to weld train tracks.

Uses
Thermite is used for its original purpose, welding railroad rails together. It is also used to weld wires. Thermite is also used to make some metals. Chromium can be made by a thermite reaction between chromium(III) oxide and aluminium. The first uranium was made by a thermite. Thermite may also be used in fireworks to ignite other incendiaries.

Thermite was used in the military as an incendiary weapon. It is mainly used to destroy buildings and equipment as it melts the metal easily. Barium nitrate can be added to thermite to make an easier-burning mixture. Especially during World War II, militaries dropped thousands of bombs containing thermite on cities, starting fires everywhere.

Safety
Thermite is not safe to make at home. It releases ultraviolet light which can damage the eyes. It also makes a very hot flame that can melt iron. It is extremely difficult to extinguish. Streams of molten iron can flow out of a thermite mixture, igniting everything it touches. Some metals can boil and burst into flames when placed in thermite, such as zinc. If it is preheated then ignited, thermite can burn very fast, releasing a huge amount of heat and light. If it is dropped in water it can boil water very fast, making an explosion. Dropping it on ice can make the ice explode, however it is safe to drop it into a three-liter beaker filled with lightly moist sand.

Related pages
 Explosive
 Smoke bomb

References

Fire
Chemistry

Thermite


This is a list of holidays celebrated within the Buddhist tradition.

List
Vesak: The Buddha's birthday is known as Vesak and is one of the major festivals of the year. It is celebrated on the first full moon day in May, or the fourth lunar month which usually occurs in May or during a lunar leap year, June. In some countries this has become an occasion to not only celebrate the birth but also the enlightenment and parinirvana of the Buddha.
Parinirvana Day: also known as Nirvana Day, a Mahayana Buddhist holiday celebrated in East Asia, Vietnam and the Philippines usually on February 15.
Magha Puja: Magha Pujwronga is an important religious festival celebrated by Buddhists in Thailand, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Laos on the full moon day of the third lunar month (this usually falls in February or March)
Buddha Jayanti: In South Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam and China, it is celebrated in April 8 in Lunar calendar. Also known as "Hanamatsuri", it is celebrated April 8. In Japan, baby Buddha figurines are ceremonially washed with tea.
Asalha Puja Day: Also known as "Dharma Day" celebrates the Buddha's first teaching on the full moon day of the 8th lunar month, approximately July.
Uposatha: This day is known as observance day, there are four holy days on the new moon, full moon, and quarter moon days every month.
Kathina Ceremony: This robe offering ceremony, is held on any date within the end of the Vassa Retreat.  New robes and other requisites can be offered by the laity to the monks.
Abhidhamma Day: According to Burmese tradition, this day celebrates when the Buddha went to the Tushita Heaven to teach his mother the Abhidhamma.  It is celebrated on the full moon of the seventh month the Burmese lunar year which starts in April.
Loy Krathong: When the rivers and canals are full of water, this festival takes place in all parts of Thailand on the full moon night of the twelfth lunar month.  Bowls made with leaves, candles, and incense sticks, are in the water, and represent bad luck disappearing.
Madhu Purnima:  It occurs on the day of the full moon in Bhadro (August/September). The day commemorates an occasion on which the Buddha retreated to the wilderness of Parileyya forest to bring peace between two quarrelling factions of disciples.
The Ploughing Festival: During the half moon in May, two oxen pull a plough painted gold.  Following behind them are girls dressed in white scattering rice seeds.  This was to celebrate the Buddha's first moment of enlightenment.
The Elephant Festival: The Buddha used an example of a wild elephant which is harnessed to a tame one to be trained.  He said that a person who is new to Buddhism should have a special relationship with an older Buddhist.  This festival takes place on the third Saturday in November.
The Festival of the Tooth: In Sri Lanka there is a temple that houses a tooth relic of the Buddha. It can't be seen, but once a year there is a procession for it on the full moon in August.
Hungry Ghost Festival: "Ancestor Day" or "Ulambana" is celebrated from the first to the fifteenth days of the eighth lunar month.  This is the day when the monastics complete their Rains Retreat. It was considered that many monastics would have made progress during their retreat and therefore become a greater field of merit. Lay devotees make offerings on behalf of their ancestors and dedicate the merit towards those suffering in the preta realm to relieve their suffering.
Avalokitesvara's Birthday: This festival celebrates the Bodhisattva ideal.  On the full moon day in March, it represents the perfection of compassion in Mahayana traditions of Tibet, China, Vietnam and the Philippines.
Bodhi Day: The holiday which commemorates the day that the historical Buddha experienced enlightenment.

See also
 List of Buddhist festivals
 Culture of Buddhism

References

Buddhist holidays


The Mannerheim Museum is located in Helsinki, Finland. It is dedicated to preserving and displaying items related to the life and times of Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim, a Finnish statesman and military officer. The Mannerheim Museum is located on top of a hill in a prestigious residential area next to the Kaivopuisto park in Helsinki. The building was the home of Mannerheim from 1924 to 1951. With the exception of a few rooms that have been converted for exhibition purposes, his home has been preserved in its original state.

History of the building
The building was originally constructed in 1874 and became known as the Boman Villa, after its first owner. It was the home of Mannerheim from 1924 until his death in 1951, although he never actually owned it, but rented it from the industrialist Karl Fazer. Prior to his tenancy it had been divided into six separate flats for workers in Fazer's chocolate factory, and Mannerheim had to have major alterations made before he could move in. He attached great importance to his home, which is reflected in the interiors, which he had designed himself right down to the colour schemes and the positioning of the furniture. After Mannerheim's death in 1951 the Mannerheim Foundation continued to rent the house from the Fazer family. In 1957 the house was purchased by the foundation and converted into a museum.

Exhibits
The museum is a mixture of original furnishing of the building from the early 1940s, and additional material brought in to illustrate the life of Mannerheim and the historical context of the period. Among the notable exhibits is an extensive collection of medals and other honours which Mannerheim received from numerous countries. Also displayed are his numerous hunting trophies, book collection, gifts and portraits of his ancestors. Mannerheim's bedroom, which is kept at its original state, displays the spartan conditions in which he preferred to sleep. The museum also maintains an extensive archive of photographs.

The museum receives approximately 10,000 visitors a year. The entrance fee also includes a guided tour, and it is not possible to visit the museum without a guide. This is because the rooms are actually fairly small, and packed with delicate exhibits. The tours are available in Finnish, Swedish, English, German, French, Russian and Spanish.

See also
 Marshal's Cabin (Marskin Maja)

External links

The Mannerheim Museum

Museums in Helsinki
Biographical museums in Finland
Carl Gustaf Emil
Historic house museums in Finland
Kaivopuisto
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Mannerheim Museum


Chesapeake Utilities Corporation is an American corporation formed in 1947. Chesapeake Utilities Corporation is a diversified energy company engaged, through our operating divisions and subsidiaries, in various energy and other businesses. Headquartered in Delaware, Chesapeake Utilities Corporation operates primarily within the Middle-Atlantic, Southeast and Midwest regions, providing natural gas distribution and transmission, natural gas supply, gathering and processing, electric distribution and propane distribution service.

History
Chesapeake Utilities Corporation was incorporated in Delaware in 1947. Chesapeake Utilities Corporation is a diversified energy company engaged, directly or through operating divisions and subsidiaries, in regulated and unregulated energy businesses. The Company's common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Exchange in 1985 and on the New York Stock Exchange (currently traded as CPK) in 1993.

The company began construction of the controversial Eastern Shore Pipeline on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in 2021.

Subsidiaries
Chesapeake Utilities Corporation operates directly or through operating divisions and subsidiaries throughout the diversified energy midstream and downstream supply chain.

Aspire Energy of Ohio operates more than 2,600 miles of pipeline systems in 40 counties throughout Ohio.

Chesapeake Utilities and Sandpiper Energy distribute natural gas to tens of thousands of residential, commercial and industrial customers in Delaware and Maryland. Additionally, Sandpiper Energy distributes propane and natural gas to customers in Worcester County, Maryland.

Eastern Shore Natural Gas owns and operates a 448-mile interstate pipeline that transports natural gas from various points in Pennsylvania to customers in Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Florida Public Utilities (FPU) distributes natural gas to tens of thousands of residential and commercial customers in Florida. It also distributes electricity and propane to various regions in Florida.

Peninsula Energy Services Company (PESCO) provides natural gas supply and supply management services to customers in Florida and on the Delmarva Peninsula.

Peninsula Pipeline Company provides natural gas transportation services in Florida.

Sharp Energy distributes propane to nearly 40,000 customers in Delaware, eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. Sharp AutoGas fuels more than 600 vehicles through its more than 30 propane fueling stations throughout the Delmarva Peninsula.

References

Information was obtained from multiple parts of the company website:

External links
 Official website

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Natural gas companies of the United States
American companies established in 1859
Energy companies established in 1859
Companies based in Kent County, Delaware
1859 establishments in the United States
Dover, Delaware

Chesapeake Utilities


Blazing Teens  is a Chinese television series created by Alpha Group Co., Ltd. and Auldey Toys in 2006. It is the television adaptation of Auldey's yo-yo line of the same name.

Premise
The show focuses on high schools that hold yo-yo contests. The schools organize teams and participate in competitions to win against other schools. Each team has their own issues that they solve, and each yo-yo has a name that reflects the toy's design. The show makes use of minor special effects in order to portray the "magic" and the speed of the yo-yo. These magic spells are 'battling' and the person whose magic remains, wins.

Some of the yo-yo tricks are common, like the Forward Pass, Loop-the-Loop, Three-Leaf-Clover, Trapeze, Double or Nothing, Gravity Pull, etc. The show also has some tricks of its own created by the producers (most of the tricks are for professionals) like the White Buddha, Buddha's Revenge and the Cold Fusion (hardest trick of Season One).

Synopsis

Season 1
The main characters are , ,  and . Leon is the protagonist and Michael is the rival.

Leon lost to Michael in the yo-yo contest of California and in taunt, Michael said that Leon can never beat him if his Eastern techniques can't beat his own Western speed. So to learn more and train the power of the Eastern yo-yo, Leon returns to China and stops a robbery on his trip, which catches the eye of a school coach who had been given the work of starting a yo-yo team for Jianghai High School. The school doesn't have the required money to get a training spot and uniforms, and the coach must find a way to solve this problem. By trying to use his own cash, the coach stood on the work of making the team by taking the school's yo-yo players in a trick show.

The coach asks Leon to join the Jianghai team in order to make their victory much easier, but Leon doesn't get along with some of the team's players, who once tried to con a yo-yo from a boy by exchanging it for an outdated Nuclear Fission yo-yo.

But on the first training day of Summer, Leon decides to join the team after all. During training, Leon likes to practice far from the other players so that he is not disturbed, which made the other players jealous, prompting them to try and get rid of him. Leon gets mistakenly accused for stealing cheese and gets expelled.

Their rivals, the Chengnan team, decide to cheat by suggesting a friendly battle to see Jianghai's Special Tricks. Mini lost at the end, but then Leon comes in at the last moment and beats the other team.

When the training is over, they go back to the school, but Michael comes back from the US to make his own team and humiliate Leon, so that he never faces him again in the next Yo-Yo contest of the US. His minions "Cold Cat" and "Hot Dog" comes to battle and see the special tricks of the JiangHai team. They beat many players of both the JiangHai and the ChengNan Yo-Yo teams with their yo-yos Polar Wolf and RattleSnake. Even the cousin of the captain from the ChengNan team have been defeated by Cold Cat.

The tournament which has been renamed "Youth Fire" due to the begging of the coach to enter all of his players since there was only possible of 6 players to enter before have been started and by Leon training of his Yo-Yo into Fire Thunder in order to use Final Divine Light that required to learn Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Teal, Blue and Violet Divine Light tricks first, he made the team exchange their tricks since Michael's team now know their tricks due to the school exchange of a JiangHai player.

At the tournament,  was selected for performance of the first part of the contest. He did surprisingly well and got 9.96 points which though, is the lowest score of the contest so far. In the final battle between Leon and Michael, all goes well and Michael loses.

Season 2
In Season 2, the main characters are the blazing team and the lightning team ; the protagonist is still Leon and the new antagonist is Timothy.

Season 3
In Season 3, the main characters are  and . Their teammates are , and .  is a girl who makes new yo-yos for the team members. They are all part of the Blazing Team, and Jacky is their team leader.

Jacky and Liam are not fond of each other. Liam is arrogant and when he got into the Blazing Team, he left. After more conflict, Jacky drives Liam away from the team. Liam suddenly learns that he has to take part in the Fire Cup yoyo competition. Ken and Jerry gradually decide to give him another choice, but when Liam's father comes along, there is a misunderstanding.

Meanwhile, , a world-class champion comes to China with the hope of making a team with the strongest players and thus prove that only Western skills should be counted as 'true yo-yo' skills and the Chinese skills would never come close to the advanced skills of the Western. His team later becomes the Falcon Team.

Liam, Lily and their friends ,  and Charles try to make amends between Jacky and  (Super Tornado's team leader and Onion and Charles' leader) because of a misunderstanding from the last National Competition. They try to do this to stop Dylan from achieving his 'evil' ambition.

Lily is despised by her cousin, Takashi, from the Falcon Team. The Blazing Team's final aim is to beat Falcon Team and prove that Chinese techniques are not worse than that of the Western.

Throughout this season there is a constant mention about "the true meaning of yo-yoing" which is enjoying and having fun. After the National Competitions, there is a lead in to Blazing Teens 3.5, about the masked yo-yoers. These people are Dylan's team where he came from.

Later adapted to a live-action film.

Season 3.5/4
In China, Season 3.5 was never recognised as a full season - it was never given a name. However, according to the English Auldey website, it is known as "Season 4".

Liam starts with a brief summary of what happened in season 3. They are still looking for suitable players (3A, 5A) for their team. Liam and Kelvin[Chen Kai] go to Shanghai, to look for the legendary 3A player that is supposedly scary. After some encouragement from Sandy, Liam and Kelvin[Chen Kai] reluctantly go. Jacky heads to Beijing, to look for a 5A player, and visit Mrs. [Weng], an elderly lady who supposedly taught Jacky 4A. It is hinted that the 4A player Leo[Li Xiang Yang] from Dylan's team, Tornado, is the grandson of Mrs. [Weng]. (Please do not confuse with "Super Tornado Team" in Season 3).

In Shanghai, Liam drags Kelvin[Chen Kai] to an arcade. He plays one game and he receives the highest score. One very short teenager challenges Liam to a game. However, Liam rudely rejects that person, and calls him a "child" and "immature". Little does he know that this "child" was the legendary 3A player he was looking for and he was already in his last year of junior high.

Liam and Kelvin[Chen Kai] temporarily reside at Charles' grandmother's house. They ask Charles whether he knows anything about the legendary player. He takes out his yoyo... it was damaged by this legendary player. Liam swears revenge.

When they go to find the legendary player, Liam mistakenly thinks someone else is the player. However, he realises that the short guy he met at the arcade is the legendary player. He challenges him, saying "the winner shall have his wish granted". They start their challenge. David[Lin Xiaozhi] wins, and forces Liam to become his slave.

David[Lin Xiaozhi] is actually a very lonely guy. Many people think he uses his yoyo to do bad things to others. Liam realises this and they eventually become friends.

On the other hand, in Beijing, Jacky sticks around Mrs. [Weng]. Apparently, her grandson is one of the two who are trying to stop them finding team members. He is the 4A player.

In the second arc (unfinished) of Blazing Teens Season 3, Dylan asked his team to stop fighting Chinese yoyoers unfairly. Three people do not listen - respectively the 3A, 4A and 5A players. The 5A player is a girl.

Mrs. [Weng] and her grandson have not been friendly with each other for a long time. Mrs. [Weng] desperately wants her grandson to forgive her. Knowing this, the 4A player tries to make Mrs. [Weng] hurt Jacky with acupuncture and other things. Jacky changes their views.

Jacky goes to another city to recruit a 5A player. Dylan's 5A player infiltrates their team and causes havoc. Sandy is nearly driven away from the team but Jacky refused to believe that that 5A player would do such a thing. She almost damaged the team's yoyos.

Season 4
Also known as "Hip-Hop Yoyo"(舞动火力). There are 42 episodes in this season. There are more characters introduced in this season. Skills range from 1A to 5A.

Only these original characters (from Season 3) are in this season:
Jacky (Appeared in Blazing Team, S3-4)
Hippo (Appeared in Blazing Team, S3)
Sean (Appeared in Falcon Team, S3)
Andy (Appeared in Falcon Team, S3)
Ray (Appeared in Super Tornado, S3)
Charles (Appeared in Super Tornado, S3)

Blazing Team

In 2015, Hasbro acquired the North American rights to the franchise and co-produced the Chinese-American animated series Blazing Team: Masters of Yo Kwon Do, with Alpha Group. On October 21, 2015, Hasbro Studios uploaded a trailer for the series. The series started airing on Discovery Family on November 13, 2015, with the show's second season aired on the channel on July 22, 2017. It was not renewed for a third season.

Broadcast

Other facts
Occasionally, there are Blazing Teens Trick Contests held in China, each Blazing Teens fan will perform tricks with their own Yo-Yos.
Seasons 3, 4, and 5 of the series have been adapted to manhua and have inspired a novel with the same name.

See also
Armor Hero ()
Balala the Fairies ()

References

External links

Hasbro brands
Chinese high school television series
Television series about teenagers

Blazing Teens


Kingsteignton ( ), is a town and civil parish in south Devon, England. It lies at the head of the Teign Estuary to the west of Teignmouth in the Teignbridge district. It is bypassed by the A380 and is also on the A383, A381, B3193 and B3195. Kingsteignton is currently represented in Parliament by Anne Marie Morris, as part of the Newton Abbot constituency. Local schools include: Rydon Primary School, Teign School and Saint Michael's Church of England School.

Kingsteignton has a population of over 11,000. The threat of being incorporated into the nearby town of Newton Abbot prompted the parish council to change Kingsteignton's status to a town. The change took effect from 1 January 2009. The town has two electoral wards (east and west). Their combined populations at the 2011 census was 11,147.

History
Founded in the early 8th century by the kings of Wessex as the centre of a vast Saxon estate that extended from Teignmouth to Manaton, Kingsteignton was a key settlement in Saxon times and gave its name to the Saxon hundred of Teignton. The hundred moot or court was held in the village, but it appears that by the time of the Domesday Survey the name of the hundred had been changed to Teignbridge, possibly indicating that the site of the court had been moved. As a royal vill Kingsteignton provided rich pickings for Danish raiders who plundered it in 1001.

Medieval prosperity funded the rebuilding of the parish church (St Michaels) in the 15th century. Its 85-foot (26 metre) tower was built in the 1480s. From the medieval period to the mid-19th century the parish church held an important position as the mother church of Highweek and Newton Bushell.

The Fairwater Leat, fed by the springs at Rydon, superseded the Honeywell Spring as the established water supply in the Middle Ages and also supplied the power for three mills. A drought is said to have given rise to the annual Ram Roasting fair. According to legend there was insufficient water to baptise a child, so a ram was sacrificed to the gods of the local spring. Water sprang forth and a ram has been roasted ever since at the fair, held nowadays on the late May bank holiday. Whit Tuesday was the traditional day for the fair, but it was switched to Whit Monday in the early 1950s to fit in with school holidays. The later switch to the late May bank holiday was made for the same reason when the bank holiday was fixed as the last Monday in May.

Until the 13th century the Manor of Kingsteignton was a crown demesne. In 1509 the manor passed to the Clifford family, who still hold the title of Lord of the Manor today.

The area gained minor publicity in July 2017, when local MP Anne Marie Morris used a racist remark in a speech concerning Brexit. She was subsequently suspended by the Conservative Party.

Culture
The local secondary school is Teign School, which also includes a 6th form college. Primary schools are St Michaels and Rydon. A third primary school has been built opposite Teign School called Kingsteignton School. The principal of the school is called Dr Penny Fitch. The town is twinned with Orbec, France.

Transport

Bus Services
The main bus operator is Stagecoach South West who run a network of regular services to places such as Exeter, Torquay, Paington and Teignmouth.
Local independent operator, County Bus also run services from the Town.

Coach Services
Lomax Tours run coach excursions from Kingsteignton to places of interest such as Cardiff Christmas Market, Weymouth, Looe, Clarks Village ect.

Road
The town is near the A380 dual carriageway.

Geology and quarrying
Fine quality ball clay beds created some 40–30 million years ago during the Oligocene Period lie on the eastern edge of the Bovey Basin near Kingsteignton. The exploitation of these clays began in the late 17th century when it was discovered that their properties made them eminently suitable for pipe making. Their white firing properties attracted interest from potters looking for materials to improve their wares, and their exploitation was boosted in 1791 when Josiah Wedgwood first purchased Kingsteignton clay. Over the past 200 years clay mining has brought continued employment and prosperity to Kingsteignton.

Limestone has been extensively quarried at various times on either side of Golvers Hill at Rydon, Coombesend and Gildons. Kingsteignton Quarry at Rydon (now infilled) supplied stone for the building of Buckfast Abbey. Numerous limekilns, some still in existence, were found along the dry valley that extends from Rydon to Lindridge and along the Coombesend valley. The kiln at Kiln Forehead was demolished during the extension of Calvados Park, whilst the kiln beside Rydon school was partly demolished and buried under an earth bank when the lane to Rydon Quarry was widened.

Sand and gravel has also been extensively quarried at Babcombe Copse, Sands Copse and Heathfield, the latter becoming a large landfill site.
Lysons' Magna Britannia mentions that the ancient Britons extracted alluvial tin from the gravels deposited by the river Teign.

Historic estates
The parish of Kingsteignton includes various historic estates including:
Whiteway, a Domesday Book manor and later a seat of the Yard family, today a farmhouse known as Whiteway Barton.

Sport and leisure
Newton Abbot RFC (established 1873) are based in Kingsteignton, playing home games at Rackerhayes. Kingsteignton AFC, known as the Rams, play at Broadpark and compete in the South Devon Football League.

References

External links
 Kingsteignton Town Council

Towns in Devon
Former manors in Devon
Teignbridge

Kingsteignton