The Shepherd's Granddaughter is a children's novel by Anne Laurel Carter published in 2008. It provides a fictional account of the complex situation between the Jewish and Muslim communities in Palestine, which is seen through the eyes of Amani, a Palestinian girl six years old when the story begins, who sees the land of her ancestors stolen from her family. The issues behind the conflict are too complex for Amani's naïve understanding, but her way of expressing the situation is moving. Carter was inspired to write the novel by her meeting with Palestinians who were living through similar situations that she writes about in the book.

The Shepherd's Granddaughter is a story of courage and determination where family unity overcomes all else. It portrays a duality between ancestral ways of living and modern times in the contemporary Palestinian conflict setting. The role of women in society is also a major theme throughout the novel. The author manages to adapt mature subject matter for a young audience in an accomplished way.  "The Shepherd's Granddaughter is a well-intentioned, very earnest narrative that aims to foster international harmony by educating young readers. A portion of the book's royalties are donated to the Children in Crisis Fund portion of the International Board on Books for Young People."

Plot summary
Amani is a young Palestinian girl. Her family have a long tradition of tending sheep above the olive groves of the family homestead in the valley near Hebron.  Amani is inspired by the life and stories of Seedo, her grandfather and she dreams to follow in his footsteps. The parents of the young girl would like her to go to school in the village and learn to be a good Muslim and wife. Seedo, on the contrary, believes that Amani should learn to tend sheep and ensure that the family traditions are passed down. Amani is learning to be a good shepherd through Seedo's teaching. The old man also tells her stories about a secret meadow called Firdoos.

When Amani's home and pasture land are being threatened by the encroaching Jewish settlement, her family's land used to graze sheep is becoming threatened. As she pushes her way higher on the mountain she discovers what seems to be Firdoos, the mythical pasture of Seedo's story. There, she meets a boy named Jonathan, the son of a Jewish settler. The thought of her livelihood being destroyed by the settlers encourages Amani to go to school. There she can learn English, and perhaps be able to argue with the settlers. At school, she meets several girls who are faced with the same tragedy. Not only is Amani's home being destroyed but her family is also dispersed. Her mom, who went to Canada to visit her dying mother, finds herself incapable of returning to Palestine. Her father and uncle are imprisoned for opposing Israeli actions. With the surprising help of a rabbi, a woman lawyer and a Christian Peacemaker Team the family are able to reunite at last and rebuilt what has been destroyed.

Main themes

The novel deals with the conflict between Palestinians and Israelis in a non-violence context. Another theme is the conflict between old and modern society and ways of living.

Literary awards
Since being published in 2008, Anne Carter's novel has been honored in eight award programs including the Canadian Library Association Book of the Year for Children Award, the Society of School Librarians International Best Book Award and Jane Addams Children's Book Award Honor Book.

Characters in order of appearance

Amani: Palestinian girl. Her name means "Wish" but she is nicknamed "the sheep girl". Amani is the protagonist of the story.

Seedo: Amani's grandfather, the shepherd.

Mama (Rose): Amani's mother

Sitti: Amani's grandmother

Nasty: The ram

Omar: Amani's 10-year-old brother

Amma Fatima: Ammo Hani's wife, Amani's aunt

Wardeh: Amani's older cousin, the oldest of a family of five girls

Ammo Hani: Seedo's oldest son. He becomes a prisoner of the Settlers

Aref: Amani's cousin, he teaches Amani how to read and write in the evening so she can shepherd during the day

Nahla: Amani's cousin who married Al Khalil

Miss Aboushi: School teacher

The vet : Gives advice to Amani on how to care for the sheep

Romania: a sheep given to Amani by the vet. She is of a rare breed

Mudher: Seedo's only living brother who comes to help during olive-harvesting

Black face: Romania's lamb

Sahem: The family dog

Musical Sitti: Amani's grandmother on her mother's side. She lives in Toronto and is dying of cancer so Rose travels see her.

The Rabbi: A friend of Baba's from Jerusalem. He helps the family in their attempt to negotiate with the settlers who are building a highway on their land.

Raja: A friend of Wardeh from school

Jonathan ("The boy"): A Jewish boy from New York, he came to Palestine to visit his father who is working on the settler highway.

Souad, Alia, Dana and Hania: Amani's schoolmates who are also affected by the construction of the highway

Islan: Amani's uncle who lives in the village

Lawyer:  Woman from Tel Aviv who works on Human Rights issues.

Abu Nader: Shepherd and friend of Seedo

The author
Anne Laurel Carter was born and raised in Don Mills, Ontario. She started traveling when she was seventeen years old. Her adventures took her to Scotland and Israel where she studied Hebrew. She met her first husband, an American man on Kibbutz. They moved to Los Angeles and were married. Anne Laurel then decided to get education to work with children. She has a master's degree in Education and taught immigrants in Toronto who shared their stories and later inspired her. The experience was an eye opener for the author-to-be. Anne Laurel Carter, also taught in remote communities in Canada and enjoyed the experience. She did not consider becoming a writer until she became a mother with her second husband. Her four young children triggered her imagination and put her on the writer's path.

Critique

Despite its success, the novel generated controversy among the Jewish advocacy group B'nai B'rith whose advocate, in a letter to the Ontario provincial ministry of education and the Toronto Board of Education, requested that the book be removed from the recommended-reading list arguing that it is 'anti-Israeli propaganda'.   The book is not part of the Toronto School Board curriculum but is recommended by the Ontario Library Association.

Awards and nominations
2010 Red Maple Award Nominee

2009 CLA Book of the Year Award for Children

2009 Honor Book for the Jane Addams Book Award for peace

2009 IRA Notable Book for a Global Society

2009 USBBY Outstanding International Book

Other works by Anne Laurel Carter
Anne Laurel Carter has published a series of picture books, young adult books and adult books.

Her young adult books include The Shepherd's Grand-Daughter (Groundwood, 2008), Last Chance Bay (Penguin, 2004), In the Clear (Orca, 2001), the trilogy Our Canadian Girl (Penguin, 2002-2005-2006) and No Missing Parts Short: Stories About Real Princesses (Red Deer Press, Fall 2002).

References

External links
 International Board on Books for Young People, official website
 Anne Laurel Carter's official website

Canadian children's novels
2008 Canadian novels
Novels set in the Palestinian territories
Novels set during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Children's books set in the Palestinian territories

The Shepherd's Granddaughter


Anthony George Franciosa (né Papaleo; October 25, 1928 – January 19, 2006) was an American actor most often billed as Tony Franciosa at the height of his career. He began his career on stage and made a breakthrough portraying the brother of the drug addict in the play A Hatful of Rain, which earned him a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play. He reprised his role in its subsequent film adaptation, for which he won the 1957 Venice Film Festival Award for Best Actor, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.

After relocating to Hollywood he made numerous feature films, including A Face in the Crowd (1957), The Long, Hot Summer (1958), and Career (1959), for which he won the Golden Globe for Best Actor. In television, he played lead roles in five television series: the sitcom Valentine's Day (1964–65), drama The Name of the Game (1968–71), Search (1972–73), Matt Helm (1975), and Finder of Lost Loves (1984). Later in his career, he acted primarily in Europe, starring in the erotic drama The Cricket (1980) and Dario Argento's giallo Tenebrae (1982).

Early life
He was born in the Little Italy district of New York to an Italian-American family. His grandparents emigrated from Melfi, Basilicata, in the center of the boot of Southern Italy, in 1890. His parents separated when he was one and he was raised by his mother and aunt, adopting his mother's maiden name Franciosa.

After high school he worked as a welder, ship steward and cook. At the age of 18 he was doing free dancing lessons at the YMCA, where he was offered a role in a production of The Seagull, and the experience made him want to be an actor.

Career

Theatre
Franciosa studied privately for two years with Joseph Geigler. He got a four-year scholarship at the Dramatic Workshop which led to the New York Repertory Theatre.

In 1948, Franciosa joined the Cherry Lane Theatre Group off Broadway (at the same time as actress Bea Arthur). Within two years, he had been accepted as a member of the Actors Studio, which would prove an invaluable resource throughout his career but it would be a few years more before Franciosa could make a living from acting. In the meantime, he accepted a variety of jobs which included being a waiter, dishwasher, day laborer, and messenger boy at CBD. He worked in Theatre of the Sky on Lake Tahoe. In 1950 he was in a San Francisco production of Detective Story.

In 1953, Franciosa made his Broadway debut in End as a Man alongside Ben Gazzara, and the following year in Wedding Breakfast (1954).

Franciosa began guest starring on TV shows such as Studio One in Hollywood, Kraft Theatre, Ford Star Jubilee (an adaptation of This Happy Breed with Noël Coward), and Goodyear Playhouse.

A Hatful of Rain
Franciosa's breakthrough role came when cast in the Actors Studio production of A Hatful of Rain (1955–56) under the direction of Elia Kazan. He played Polo, the brother of the drug addicted Johnny (Ben Gazzara). Shelley Winters played Johnny's wife and she would marry Franciosa the following year. Franciosa was nominated for a Tony Award for his performance.

Franciosa made his film debut in Elia Kazan's A Face in the Crowd (1957) alongside Andy Griffith, Patricia Neal, and Lee Remick. He followed it in MGM's This Could Be the Night (1957) as the romantic interest for Jean Simmons, under the direction of Robert Wise.

Franciosa reprised his role in A Hatful of Rain in the film version, directed by Fred Zinnemann at 20th Century Fox, with Don Murray and Eva Marie Saint playing the roles originated by Gazzara and Winters. Hedda Hopper pointed out that these three films were made before the first one had been released.
Franciosa's performance in Hatful of Rain earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.

Film star
Franciosa supported Anna Magnani and Anthony Quinn in Wild Is the Wind (1957) directed by George Cukor, produced by Hal B. Wallis who put Franciosa under a multi-film contract.

He then appeared with Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward in The Long Hot Summer (1958), playing Jody Varner. one of the two sons of Will Varner (Orson Welles), directed by Martin Ritt at Fox.

In December 1957, he spent 10 days in jail for hitting a press photographer in April of that year. However he was much in demand: In an interview in December, he said he owed Fox and MGM three films each over five years, Kazan two more films, and Wallis one film a year over seven years.

He played Francisco Goya in MGM's The Naked Maja (1958) with Ava Gardner, which earned Franciosa $250,000 in acting fees due to production delays. He made a second film for Wallis, Career (1959) with Dean Martin and Shirley MacLaine, then The Story on Page One (1959) with Rita Hayworth for Clifford Odets at Fox.

He was meant to star in Orpheus Descending (which became The Fugitive Kind) with Anna Magnani, but the producers decided to cast Marlon Brando, and Franciosa was paid out $75,000. He was mentioned as a possibility for one of the roles in The Magnificent Seven and for the title role in a proposed Simon Bolivar biopic that Dino De Laurentiis was going to make.

In 1959, he served 30 days at an open-prison farm for possession of marijuana. The same year, he was in a car accident.

Franciosa returned to TV to appear in Heaven Can Wait an adaptation of Here Comes Mr Jordan (1960), then in Cradle Song (1960).

He supported Gina Lollobrigida in MGM's Go Naked in the World (1961), which lost money. He was top-billed in the Italian Careless (1962) with Claudia Cardinale and MGM's Period of Adjustment (1962) with Jane Fonda, Franciosa's first film for that studio which made a profit. In August 1963, he addressed a race rally in Alabama alongside Marlon Brando and Paul Newman.

Television

Franciosa guest starred on The DuPont Show of the Week, Arrest and Trial, Breaking Point, The Greatest Show on Earth, and Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre. He had support parts in two films for Fox: Rio Conchos (1964) with Stuart Whitman and Richard Boone, and The Pleasure Seekers (1964) with Ann-Margret and Carol Lynley.

He starred in a TV series Valentine's Day (1964–65). When that ended he had support parts in A Man Could Get Killed (1966) with James Garner and Assault on a Queen (1966) with Frank Sinatra. He was leading man to Ann-Margret in The Swinger (1966) at Paramount and Raquel Welch in Fathom (1967) at Fox.

In a 1966 interview he confessed that Hollywood stardom had come a little too early: "It was an incredible amount of attention, and I wasn't quite mature enough psychologically or emotionally for it."

He starred in a phenomenally highly rated TV movie, billed on countless lead-up commercials as the first movie made for television, Universal's Fame Is the Name of the Game (1966), then a spaghetti Western at Universal, A Man Called Gannon (1968), a drama with Jacqueline Bisset at Fox, The Sweet Ride (1968), and a war film at Universal, In Enemy Country (1968).

Producer David Dortort was on the verge of casting him as Cameron Mitchell's best friend and brother-in-law, Manolito Montoya, on the western, The High Chaparral, if Henry Darrow did not make it to the set in time. Darrow did.

Tony Franciosa returned to regular series with The Name of the Game (1968–71) (based on Fame Is the Name of the Game), as lead role of charismatic but doggedly determined star reporter Jeff Dillon, alternating the regular lead spot with Gene Barry and Robert Stack. The three leading actors were never onscreen at the same time at any point in the series. He was fired from the show in 1970 because of his temper.

He was in Web of the Spider (1971), an Italian horror film, then a series of TV movies: The Deadly Hunt (1971), Earth II (1971), and The Catcher (1972). He had a support part in the action film Across 110th Street (1972).

Franciosa had a further alternating lead role in a TV series, this time rotating with Hugh O'Brian and Doug McClure, as agent Nick Bianco in Search (1972). When that ended he supported Peter Sellers in Ghost in the Noonday Sun (1973), then had support roles in This Is the West That Was (1974) for TV and The Drowning Pool (1975) with Paul Newman.

He had his own series with Matt Helm (1975), a television version of the spy-spoof theatrical films that starred Dean Martin, but it only lasted 14 episodes.

He was in Curse of the Black Widow (1977), a television miniseries Aspen (1977) with Sam Elliott, Wheels (1978), Firepower (1979), The World Is Full of Married Men (1979), The Cricket (1980), Help Me to Dream (1981), an episode of Tales of the Unexpected, Side Show (1981), Death Wish II (1982), Kiss My Grits (1982), Tenebrae (1982) from Dario Argento, Julie Darling (1983), and an episode of Masquerade. In his memoir, From I Love Lucy to Shōgun and Beyond: Tales from the Other Side of the Camera, Jerry London stated that Franciosa could not remember his lines during the shooting of the television movie Wheels, so co-star Rock Hudson had to hold up cue cards for him during one scene in a car.

Later career
Franciosa starred in the Aaron Spelling-produced series Finder of Lost Loves (1984–85). He could be seen in Stagecoach (1986) and episodes of Hotel, The Love Boat, and Jake and the Fatman.

In the 1985 revival of The Twilight Zone, he appeared in the third-season episode "Crazy as a Soup Sandwich," playing a gangster who is revealed to be the ultimate demon.

Later performances included Blood Vows: The Story of a Mafia Wife (1987), Death House (1988), Fashion Crime (1989), Ghost Writer (1989), Backstreet Dreams (1990), and Double Threat (1992). In 1990–91, he portrayed Colonel Doctor Otternschlag in the U.S. national tour of the musical Grand Hotel at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., and other national tour locations.

Franciosa's final film was City Hall, a 1996 drama starring Al Pacino and John Cusack, in which he portrayed a crime boss.

In his autobiography The Garner Files, actor James Garner stated that Franciosa, on the set of A Man Could Get Killed, constantly abused the stunt crew by not pulling punches in fight scenes, resulting in a physical confrontation with Garner.

Personal life
Franciosa was married four times, and had three children. His first marriage to writer Beatrice Bakalyar in 1952 ended in divorce in 1957. On May 4, 1957, he married actress Shelley Winters; the couple divorced in 1960.

He next wed the former Judith Balaban, daughter of Barney Balaban, and author of the book The Bridesmaids about her friend Princess Grace of Monaco, in whose wedding she served as a bridesmaid. This union produced Franciosa's only daughter, Nina.

His fourth and final marriage was to Rita Thiel on November 27, 1970 -- coincidentally, the day his final episode of The Name Of The Game aired. The marriage lasted until his death in 2006. The pair had two sons, organic farmer Marco and actor Christopher.

When asked about Franciosa's hair-trigger temper, Thiel said "He was never taught how to control his temper ... I changed him a lot ... We still have good fights once in a while, but I can scream back at him."

Franciosa, reflecting about Thiel's influence on him, said
 "It took years of therapy and simply living through things to finally accept and enjoy myself. My wife Rita's influence has been profound in that process. Her family was a product of The Great Disaster — World War II. She emerged from the flames with a remarkable buoyancy. Each day she rises with an optimism, a serenity toward life that is certainly contagious. Does that sound romantic? If so, so be it."

During his later years, Franciosa lived in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles. He died on January 19, 2006, five days after the death of his second wife Winters, at age 77 at nearby UCLA Medical Center after suffering a massive stroke.

Selected filmography

 This Could Be the Night (1957) - Tony Armotti
 A Face in the Crowd (1957) - Joey DePalma
 A Hatful of Rain (1957) - Polo Pope
 Wild Is the Wind (1957) - Bene
 The Long, Hot Summer (1958) - Jody Varner
 The Naked Maja (1958) - Francisco Jose De Goya
 Career (1959) - Sam Lawson
 The Story on Page One (1959) - Victor Santini
 Go Naked in the World (1961) - Nick Stratton
 Careless (1962) - Emilio Brentani
 Period of Adjustment (1962) - Ralph Bates
 Rio Conchos (1964) - Rodriguez
 The Pleasure Seekers (1964) - Emilio Lacayo
 A Man Could Get Killed (1966) - Steve / Antonio
 Assault on a Queen (1966) - Vic Rossiter
 The Swinger (1966) - Ric Colby
 Fame Is the Name of the Game (1966) - Jeff Dillon
 Fathom (1967) - Peter Merriwether
 A Man Called Gannon (1968) - Gannon
 The Sweet Ride (1968) - Collie Ransom
 In Enemy Country (1968) - Charles
 Web of the Spider (1971) - Alan Foster
 Earth II (1971) - Frank Karger
 Across 110th Street (1972) - Nick D'Salvio
 Search (1972–1973) - Nick Bianco
 Ghost in the Noonday Sun (1973) - Pierre Rodriguez
 The Drowning Pool (1975) - Broussard
 Curse of the Black Widow (1977) - Mark Higbie
 Firepower (1979) - Dr. Charles Félix
 The World Is Full of Married Men (1979) - David Cooper
 The Cricket (1980) - Annibale Meneghetti, detto Ulisse
 Help Me Dream (1981) - Ray
 Death Wish II (1982) - Herman Baldwin, LA Police Commissioner
 Kiss My Grits (1982) - Charlie Karkas
 Tenebrae (1982) - Peter Neal
 Julie Darling (1983) - Harold Wilding
 Blood Vows: The Story of a Mafia Wife (1987) - Lou Di Luca
 Zombie Death House (1987) - Vic Moretti
 La morte è di moda (1989) - Commissioner Rizzo
 Ghost Writer (1989) - Vincent Carbone
 Backstreet Dreams (1990) - Angelo
 Double Threat (1993) - Crocker Scott
 El caçador furtiu (1995) - Walter
 City Hall (1996) - Paul Zapatti

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1928 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
Volpi Cup for Best Actor winners
Activists for African-American civil rights
Male actors from New York City
American people of Italian descent
People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
Balaban family

Anthony Franciosa


Grezzana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about  west of Venice and about  northeast of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 10,525 and an area of .

Grezzana borders the following municipalities: Bosco Chiesanuova, Cerro Veronese, Erbezzo, Negrar, Roverè Veronese, Sant'Anna d'Alfaedo, and Verona.

Demographic evolution

References

External links
 www.comune.grezzana.vr.it/

Cities and towns in Veneto

Grezzana


The Château de Ramstein is a ruined castle in the commune of Scherwiller, in the Bas-Rhin département of France. Its name is probably derived from the German Ram (crow) and Stein (stone) and signifies 'rock of the crow'.

The Château de Ramstein is built on the same crest as the Château de l'Ortenbourg. Standing at an altitude of 384 m, it is dominated by the Château de l'Ortenbourg from which it is separated by a few hundred metres.

It was built around 1293 as a rear base during the siege of Château de l'Ortenbourg by Otto von Ochenstein, during the conflict between Adolf of Nassau and Albert of Habsburg. Originally built as a simple tower to support a siege engine, it grew at the start of the 14th century into a true castle with the strengthening of the tower and an extra wall. In 1421, it was attacked and pillaged by Strasbourg. It was destroyed in 1633 by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War. At the start of the 19th century it became the property of baron Mathieu de Fabvier, who also owned Ortenbourg. Today, all that remains are the exterior wall and two turrets, built of granite.

Because of the risk of landslides, the castle has been closed to visitors since 1983.

The castle has been listed as monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1924. It is the property of the commune.

Bibliography
 Jean Braun : Circuit des châteaux forts d'Alsace - Ingersheim : éd. SAEP, 1978 - collection Delta 2000.
 Bernhard Pollmann : Vosges : 50 randonnées sélectionnées dans les Vosges lorraines et alsaciennes - Munich : éd. Rother, 2003. (cf. circuit n°26, pp. 84–85)

See also
 List of castles in France

References

External links

 Ramstein on the kastel.elsass.free.fr site

Ruined castles in Bas-Rhin
Monuments historiques of Bas-Rhin

Château de Ramstein, Bas-Rhin


Coonooer Bridge is a locality in the Shire of Buloke,  north west of the state capital, Melbourne.

Coonooer Bridge Methodist Church was built in 1875 and still stands today as one of the oldest buildings in the shire.

The Coonooer Bridge Community Centre was built in 1984 and opened in October of that year. It was built on the site of the Coonooer Bridge State School which closed in 1964.

A War Memorial erected by local citizens in 1920 commemorates servicemen and women from the local area serving in the Great War and World War 2.

Coonooer Bridge Post Office opened around January 1879 and closed in 1966. A Conover (an alternative spelling of Coonooer) office was open nearby between 1873 and 1895.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)

Coonooer Bridge, Victoria


Barbell style piercing jewelry is composed of a straight bar with a bead on each end, one or both beads unscrewable for removal and/or changing of the beads.  Often one of the beads is fixed, either via epoxy or welding, so that only one bead is used to install or remove the jewelry.  Barbell threads are usually right-handed.

They are named because they resemble the barbells that are used in weightlifting.

Types of barbells

Internally threaded barbells
Named because the bar has smooth ends with receiving threads tapped into the end of the bar.  In internally threaded jewelry, the bead has a receiving tube machined into it (this is referred to as "countersunk"), with a threaded post extending from the center, which mates with the threaded receiving tube on the bar.  Being much less likely to cause damage and irritation, especially at the time of piercing, internally threaded jewelry is considered superior to externally threaded jewelry.  It is usually slightly more expensive than externally threaded jewelry, due to the extra machining and labor involved.

Externally threaded barbells
So named because the shaft of the bar has threads at both ends to allow beads with receiving threads to be attached.  Due to the potential damage or irritation to the piercing as the threads are passed through when the jewelry is inserted or removed as well as the popularity of the internally threaded barbell, the externally threaded option has become less common.  This type of barbell is usually only used in cheap, mass-produced body jewelry.  Some manufacturers make externally threaded barbells with "step-down threading", where the threaded section has a smaller diameter than the wearable section; these are fairly uncommon and usually internally threaded barbells are used in their place.  Step-down threaded jewelry ends can be inserted into the blunt end of a hollow piercing needle, allowing for less irritation during initial placement than regular external barbells.

Curved barbells
Also known as a navel curve or curve, so named because of their curvature.  A curved barbell is mechanically identical to a straight barbell, except for being curved.  Curvature on a curved barbell can range from almost straight to circular, with some barbells actually being spiral, with the ends overlapping but separated to allow the insertion of the jewelry.  A variation on this design is a J-bar, a slightly curved barbell (sometimes referred to as a bananabell or banana barbell) with a 90 degree bend near one end, used in vertical navel piercings to position the decorative end of the jewelry more appropriately.  They can be either internally threaded or externally threaded.

Circular barbells
Also known as horseshoe barbells due to their shape, they are used in any number of piercings, including earlobes, tragus piercings, nasal septum piercings, or even horizontal clitoral hood piercings, although the latter is less common, as the clitoris is deprived of the stimulation gained from a properly positioned captive bead ring.

Surface bars
Used in surface piercings.  A surface bar is a barbell where the bar has a pair of 90 degree bends, in the same  direction (similar to a staple), to allow the jewelry to be used for surface piercings.  This design minimizes the pressure that would be caused by other jewelry designs that contribute to rejection in healing surface piercings.  Surface bars are produced with many different lengths between the two points.

Types of beads

Beads for barbells can vary widely in design and appearance, although the vast majority of beads are simply spherical in design.  That being said, any shape that threads can be tapped into can be used as a bead.  Cubes, triangles, cylinders, cones, disks, and other basic shapes are common alternative bead designs.  Some large gauge barbells, especially those used in tongue piercings, use "smartie beads", flattened circular beads, to prevent the jewelry from damaging the gums and teeth and allowing free movement of the tongue.  There also exist "bondage" beads, which are dimpled to accept a captive bead ring, or the "koosh" bead which is a bead made of a rubbery material textured like a French tickler condom threaded to fit the tip of a barbell. Miniature vibrators also exist, in a variety of hard or soft materials on the exterior of the bead.

Materials

Barbell style jewelry can and is made from any metal appropriate for making body jewellery.  Flexible barbells made from Teflon or tygon tubing are often used in experimental surface or deep tissue piercings.  Beads do not penetrate the body, so often materials not usually considered safe for piercing can be used in a decorative manner such as acrylic, glass, or organic materials.

History and culture

Although at first glance the manufacture of threaded jewelry might appear to be of contemporary origin, there are examples of externally threaded, straight barbells being used by tribal people, most notably the Dayak of Borneo. In contemporary society, barbell-style jewelry was popularized by Jim Ward, founder of Gauntlet (the first body piercing studio in the United States), in the 1970s. He was introduced to barbell-style jewelry by Horst Streckenbach "Tattoo Samy" (1926–2001), a tattooist and piercer from Frankfurt, Germany, and his student Manfred "Piker" Kohrs from Hanover, Germany.

"The first barbells I recall came from Germany. Doug had made contact with Tattoo Samy, a tattooist and piercer from Frankfurt. Over the years Samy came to the States a number of times and frequently showed up in LA to visit Doug. On one of his first visits he showed us the barbell studs that he used in some piercings. They were internally threaded, a feature that made so much sense that I immediately set out to recreate them for my own customers." Jim Ward and his magazine PFIQ have been crucial in the development of modern body piercing.

They are worn in the cartilage of the ear but they are also worn on the lobe. The lobe is very popular because it can be performed in some countries without parental consent and it is more painless and easy to DIY.

References

External links
 First tongue barbell piercing ever made (on earth) shown at BMXnet 2022 Dr. Mark Benecke's Official Youtube Channel

Body piercing jewellery

Barbell (piercing)


Kevin Everett (born February 5, 1982) is a former American football tight end who played for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Bills in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Miami after transferring from Kilgore College where he played on an undefeated team in 2001 under head coach Jimmy Rieves.

On September 9, 2007, Everett's playing career came to an end when he sustained a fracture and dislocation of his cervical spine that his doctors characterized as "life-threatening" the day after the injury, and stated it is likely to leave him with permanent neurological impairment.  However, on September 11, 2007, Everett showed significant movement in his arms and legs, which led doctors to speculate that he might eventually be able to walk again. Indeed, Everett walked in public for the first time at Ralph Wilson Stadium before the home finale against the New York Giants on December 23, 2007.

High school career
Everett attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Port Arthur, Texas, where he was a three-year letterman in football. As a senior, he won Class 5A All-State honors in 2000.

College career

Kilgore College
Kevin Everett attended Kilgore College in Kilgore, Texas for two years, where he was a two-time first-team All-Southwest Junior College football conference pick, ranked the second best junior college player in the nation.  As a sophomore, he caught 18 passes for 310 yards and 2 touchdowns.

University of Miami

He subsequently transferred to the University of Miami.  Everett left Miami as the 86th overall pick by the Buffalo Bills in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft.

Professional career
In 2005, Everett became the second tight end the Buffalo Bills brought to the team in as many years, after Tim Euhus was drafted in 2004. Everett struggled with injuries almost from his first day of play with the Bills, having missed the 2005 season after suffering a torn knee ligament on the first day of 2005 minicamp. He was placed on the physically unable to perform list on August 10, 2005, and on injured reserve on November 30.

Everett returned to play in 2006, where he participated on special teams for most of the season. He made his first career start on September 10, 2006 at New England, with the Bills opening in a two-tight end set. On October 1 of that same year, Everett made his first career NFL reception, gaining one yard on a deflected pass.

Career-ending injury and impact
On September 9, 2007, in Week 1 of the 2007 NFL season, while attempting to tackle Denver Broncos' kickoff return man Domenik Hixon, Everett sustained a neck injury that resulted in his transport off the field by ambulance and emergency surgery at Millard Fillmore Gates Hospital. The injury was described as a cervical spine injury.  Following the lengthy surgery, Everett's agent, Brian Overstreet, expressed hope that the injured player would be able to walk, but also reported Everett's movement as "sparse". Aside from his eyes, Everett had not shown any signs of movement on the field after sustaining the injury. It was announced that he would spend one or two days under sedation as doctors evaluate the severity of his injury.

In a televised September 10 press conference, Buffalo Bills team medical director Dr. John Marzo described Everett's injury as a fracture and dislocation of the cervical spine, resulting in injury to the spinal cord. Orthopedic surgeon Dr. Andrew Cappuccino of Buffalo Spine Surgery, and member of the Buffalo Bills medical staff, was Everett's attending surgeon, and described the injury to Everett's spinal cord as a "scissoring" or "pinching" injury, caused by dislocation of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae.

Cappuccino repaired a fracture between the third and fourth vertebrae in a procedure that included a bone graft, the insertion of a plate and four screws in Everett's spinal column, and the relief of pressure on the spinal cord. Cappuccino reported that, immediately after the injury, Everett could not feel anything below his shoulders, but the morning after surgery, he had some voluntary movement in his legs, and could feel pressure "down to his feet". However, Cappuccino gave the player a "statistically very small" chance of walking again.

Cappuccino originally stated that he believed Everett would sustain "permanent" neurological damage, and used terms such as "bleak" and "dismal" to describe the outlook for a case he frankly described as "life-threatening", giving Everett less than a 5-10% chance of regaining full utilization of his physical capabilities.

Until September 11, Everett remained on a respirator, but was able to breathe on his own while it was briefly turned off. Cappuccino described Everett's respiratory risks as among the issues he described as "life-threatening" as well as how techniques, such as intravenous methods to reduce Everett's body temperature in an attempt to reduce the swelling, were performed in order to make operation easier. Cappuccino described Everett as an "NFL athlete [with] a warrior's mentality," who showed concern primarily for his family, and who asked doctors to do everything they could for him.

WIVB-TV, the CBS affiliate in Buffalo, reported on September 11 that Everett had regained voluntary movement in his arms and legs, a huge improvement compared to the prognosis given the previous day. Later, ESPN reported that Kevin's doctors were more optimistic with the strength of movements he gained; they claimed that he may be able to possibly walk out of the hospital. Dr. Barth Green, neurological surgery department chair at the University of Miami School of Medicine, said "based on our experience, the fact that he's moving so well, so early after such a catastrophic injury, means he will walk again." When asked about Everett's chances for full recovery, Green replied that, while "not 100 percent predictable", it was "feasible that he could lead a normal life", and credited the hypothermic treatment of intravenous ice-cold saline, administered within minutes of Everett's injury, as having been a significant factor in minimizing the damage. Green referred to this method as an "ice-pack for his spinal cord."

On September 12, a report by Dr. Cappuccino and supporting neurosurgeon Dr. Kevin J. Gibbons was released via press conference that was shown live on ESPN. Gibbons reported that Kevin had been able to slightly move his arms and legs and also wiggle his toes. However, he could not move his hands. When asked about the report that Dr. Barth Green had made the day before in which Green stated that Everett would most likely walk out of the hospital, Cappuccino said that it was just an opinion and that walking out of the hospital was "not a realistic goal" at this point. Gibbons said that right now, the only thing they were concerned about was getting Kevin to walk again. Also in that report, it was stated that Kevin had been taken off the respirator and was able to breathe on his own. On September 14, ESPN reported that Everett had begun to regain movement in his right hand. On September 17, 2007, he regained movement in both hands and was steadily regaining strength in his legs, and on September 20, Dr. Barth Green told the Associated Press that Everett will be able to stand and walk within weeks, and perhaps sooner.

As of October 1, 2007, Everett had been relocated to Houston, near his family and off-season home, where he began a long rehabilitation that doctors believed would lead to him eventually walking again (they are "optimistic") and possibly even making a full recovery. Working in his favor are his age, the incomplete nature of the spinal cord injury, his constitution, and exceptional physical condition at the time of injury, as well as the rapid treatment he received. On October 16, it was reported that Everett has been able to walk "to an extent." During the broadcast it was announced Everett had been released from his Houston hospital to resume rehab as an outpatient.

On December 7, Everett was able to walk on his own power, but he did not have full movement. Everett appeared on the cover of the December 17 issue of Sports Illustrated, which contains an article on his injury, rehabilitation and recovery. On Sunday, December 23, 2007, Kevin walked publicly on the field of Ralph Wilson Stadium in front of a number of fans for the home finale against the New York Giants. Coincidentally, Domenik Hixon was on the Giants at the time of the game after being released by the Broncos. On January 31, 2008, Everett accepted NFL commissioner Roger Goodell's invitation to sit with him at Super Bowl XLII. That day, he also appeared on Oprah, clearly able to walk under his own power.

On April 9, 2008 Everett underwent more surgery to relieve persistent pain in his neck. On May 12, 2008 Everett was waived by the Buffalo Bills to allow him to be eligible to immediately apply for lifetime disability benefits. The Bills kept Everett on the active roster prior to waiving him to ensure that he completed three full NFL seasons, allowing him to qualify for a full pension. On July 20, 2008 Everett was awarded the Jimmy V award for perseverance at the 2008 ESPY Awards for his heroic recovery from neck injury that threatened his chances of walking again, defying the odds and "never giving up"—something Jim Valvano said himself at the 1993 ESPY Awards. Everett was the grand marshal and gave the command to start engines for NASCAR Nationwide Series Zippo 200 at Watkins Glen on August 9, 2008.

In an article on the official Buffalo Bills website from 2012, Everett was interviewed in a story titled Kevin Everett Five Years Later. "These five years shot by so fast, it's unbelievable, to tell you the truth," Everett told Buffalobills.com. "They've been fast because I've been staying busy. I'm glad people still remember me," he said. "I wish they could remember me for making touchdowns and making big plays for the Bills, but they still remember me as a person and what I went through in my life. So I very much appreciate that and I love every fan out there that supports me."  While the desire to play still flares up from time to time, it doesn't keep Everett from getting close to the game.

References

External links
 Buffalo Bills bio
 "Standing Tall: The Kevin Everett Story"  By: Sam Carchidi, Triumph Books

1982 births
Living people
American football tight ends
African-American players of American football
Buffalo Bills players
Kilgore Rangers football players
Miami Hurricanes football players
Players of American football from Port Arthur, Texas
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

Kevin Everett


Michael A. Benjamin (born May 2, 1958) represented District 79 in the New York State Assembly, which includes Morrisania, Crotona Park East, and East Tremont, until December 31, 2010. The seat is currently held by Michael Blake.

Chosen in a special election in 2003, Benjamin is a member of the Election Law Committee. A former member of the Bronx Board of Elections and Deputy Chief of the Board of Elections, he sponsored the Campaign Financing Reform Act of 2005.

Prior to his election to the Assembly Benjamin served as a member of local community boards within the Bronx and ran unsuccessfully against City Councilwoman Helen Foster.

Challengers in the 2006 primary were Wilbert Tee Lawton-a district leader-and Sigfredo Gonzalez.

Benjamin holds a B.A.in Political Science from Syracuse University.

Benjamin retired from the State Assembly on December 31, 2010. He now works as a columnist and public affairs consultant.

External links
Bronx Official Is Nominated For Assembly
Benjamin's response to the 2008 Candidate Questionnaire for State Senate and Assembly from the 504 Democratic Club of New York City

References

1958 births
Living people
Politicians from the Bronx
Syracuse University alumni
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
21st-century American politicians

Michael Benjamin (politician)


Suzanne Mathis McQueen is an American author, feminist, inspirational leader, She is best known for her work with the symbolism and primal wisdom of the lunar rhythmic female hormones.

Early life
McQueen was born Suzanne Yvonne Mathis in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii on July 27, 1957, to Helen Hooks of North Carolina, and Frederick Mathis of Tennessee, both of English, Scottish, and Welsh descent. Helen was a homemaker and Frederick was a Marine stationed at Kaneohe Marine Base on Oahu at the time. Siblings Rosemary Mathis LaBonte is three years older, and brother, Kim Mathis is two years older.

In 1958, Frederick's tour of duty in Hawaii ended and the family moved back to their home in Santa Ana, California, where the kids would grow up.  After high school, and studying at Cal State Fullerton and San Diego State, Suzanne decided to travel to Europe and Hawaii. After that, instead of finishing her university curriculum she moved to Big Sur, California at the age of 23 to live among the artists and to attend the Monterey Academy of Hair Design. While working at a resort in Big Sur, she met and married David Backer and had two children, Ian and Preston. After 8 years, the Backers moved to Ashland, Oregon. Eventually divorcing, Suzanne later married Wade McQueen, also of Big Sur. Together they had one daughter, Myan Rose.

Career
An entrepreneur since age 25, McQueen is a former cosmetologist and owner of two salons before building the first and largest day spa in Ashland, Oregon, in 1996 while also co-founding a private aesthetics and skin-care school. Specializing in the client experience and customer service, she received the Ashland Chamber of Commerce Service Business of the Year award in 2000. She is a past president of Women Entrepreneurs of Oregon and a former mentor for Southern Oregon Women's Access to Credit.

Much of her work is about using ancient ways and wisdom to solve today's challenges, as well as the use of "natural rhythm principals," a term she coined in her book, 4 Seasons in 4 Weeks. Natural rhythm principals suggest scientific, mirroring patterns of the body and mind rhythms of humans and other living things with infinite universal forces in nature. Specifically her work points out the sacred geometry of the female hormonal cycle with not only the moon, but other planetary and universal forces, all which have some version of a resting, building, expressing, and deconstructing phase as they cycle in and out. Her 4 Seasons in 4 Weeks (4s4w) work introduces the idea of a female 28-day body clock, which she coined a "circamena rhythm" (about a moon month), likened to the 24-hour body clock circadian rhythm (about a day), coined by Franz Halberg in the late 1950s. McQueen offers the idea that women do not have "mood swings" but are instead, "lunar rhythmic," and also have rhythmic sex drives. Eating, exercising, communicating, and living monthly rhythmically conscious, she states, is the healthiest way for women to be in personal alignment for wellbeing. She believes this is the missing piece to women's empowerment and sovereignty of their bodies. "Combination health" is the idea that each individual is unique and must use a variety of healing modalities to unlock the mysteries of their ailments and align with their personal body, mind, and spirit well-being.

Books
4 Seasons in 4 Weeks: Awakening the Power, Wisdom, and Beauty in Every.
Woman's Nature, The 4s4w Daily Tracker and Journal, a Companion Guide.
In addition she has written a pilot eBook to an upcoming series called, The Business Shaman: The Mind, Body, and Spirit of Workplace Wealth.

References

American spiritual teachers
American women writers
1957 births
Living people
Beauticians
People from Santa Ana, California
Writers from California
American feminist writers
21st-century American women

Suzanne Mathis McQueen


West Virginia Route 273 is a north–south state highway entirely within Marion County, West Virginia. Known as the Fairmont Gateway Connector, the road provides direct access from Interstate 79 to downtown Fairmont. The road was built as a four-lane divided highway along the former State Street corridor and fully opened to traffic on December 22, 2010.

The southern terminus of the route is at  exit #136 on Interstate 79. Its northern end is at West Virginia Route 310 at the foot of the Robert H. Mollohan-Jefferson Street Bridge, where traffic can continue into downtown Fairmont. The project features controlled-access right-of-way, a steel arch bridge over Interstate 79, and West Virginia's first two roundabouts. It was built at a cost of $150 million.

Major intersections

References

273
Transportation in Marion County, West Virginia

West Virginia Route 273


Juliana Riva Baroni (born 18 April 1978) is a Brazilian actress and singer. She is best known for being a paquita (Xuxa's stage assistant) for five years and for her leading role on the Rede Bandeirantes telenovela Dance, Dance, Dance.

Career
Baroni started her television career in February 1990 as a stage assistant (paquita) to Xuxa on Rede Globo's children's television series Xou da Xuxa. She was a paquita for five years. During that time, she recorded an album with the other paquitas, besides being a backing vocal on Xuxa's records. She left the program in 1995 when Xuxa replaced all of her Paquitas with new ones.

After her departure from the show, she started her acting career, starring on the Globo telenovelas Cara e Coroa, Salsa e Merengue, Malhação, Uga-Uga, A Lua Me Disse and O Profeta. She also starred on the Portuguese telenovela A Senhora das Águas, aired on RTP.

On 2006, she remembered the time she was a paquita on a special program aired on Globo to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Xuxa's career. On the same year, she acted on the film Polaróides Urbanas, directed by Miguel Falabella. On the following year, she gained her first leading role on Rede Bandeirantes' telenovela Dance, Dance, Dance.

Juliana Baroni replaced Juliana Paes in the role of Ulla in the musical play The Producers, adapted by Falabella. The playwright compared her beauty to Scarlett Johansson's. Baroni also portrays Marisa Letícia Lula da Silva, First Lady of Brazil, in the film Lula, o filho do Brasil.

Filmography

Film
2008: Lula, o filho do Brasil as Dona Marisa Letícia
2006: Polaróides Urbanas as Vanessa
2002: Xuxa e os Duendes 2 - No Caminho das Fadas as Kin
1991: Gaúcho Negro
1990: Lua de Cristal
1990: Sonho de Verão

Television
2015:  Cúmplices de um Resgate  as Rebeca Agnes
2010: Ribeirão do Tempo as Karina Santos
2009: Cilada as Mulher Chiclete
2008: Toma Lá, Dá Cá as Louquinha Albuquerque
2007: Dance, Dance, Dance as Sofia Ivanitch
2006: O Profeta as Miriam
2006: A Grande Família as Daniela
2005: A Lua Me Disse as Soraya
2003: Celebridade as Sônia
2000: Uga-Uga as Sheeva Maria
2001: A Senhora das Águas as Cláudia Cardoso Lobo
1998: Malhação as Cacau
1997: Você Decide as Bárbara
1996: Salsa e Merengue as Inês
1995: Cara e Coroa as Júlia
1995: Xuxa Park as Catuxa
1990: Xou da Xuxa as Jujuba

Discography
Albums
2007: Dance, Dance, Dance soundtrack

Singles
2007: "Dance, Dance, Dance"

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
People from Limeira
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian television actresses
Actresses from São Paulo (state)
20th-century Brazilian actresses
21st-century Brazilian actresses
21st-century Brazilian singers
21st-century Brazilian women singers

Juliana Baroni


David "Dave" Holland (born 1 October 1946) is an English cellist, double bassist, bass guitarist, composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades. He has lived in the United States since the early 1970s.

His extensive discography ranges from solo performances to pieces for big band. Holland runs his own independent record label, Dare2, which he launched in 2005.

Biography
Born in Wolverhampton, England, Holland taught himself how to play stringed instruments, beginning at four on the ukulele, then graduating to guitar and later bass guitar. He quit school at the age of 15 to pursue his profession in a pop band, but soon gravitated to jazz. After seeing an issue of Down Beat where Ray Brown had won the critics' poll for best bass player, Holland went to a record store, and bought a couple of LPs featuring Brown backing pianist Oscar Peterson. He also bought two Leroy Vinnegar albums (Leroy Walks! and Leroy Walks Again) because the bassist was posed with his instrument on the cover. Within a week, Holland traded in his bass guitar for a double bass and began practicing with the records. In addition to Brown and Vinnegar, Holland was drawn to the bassists Charles Mingus and Jimmy Garrison.

After moving to London in 1964, Holland played double bass in small venues and studied with James Edward Merrett, principal bassist of the Philharmonia Orchestra and, later, the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Merrett trained him to sight read and then recommended he apply to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Holland received a full-time scholarship for the three-year programme. At 20, Holland was keeping a busy schedule in school, studios and Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, London's premier jazz club, where he often played in bands that supported such touring American jazz saxophonists as Coleman Hawkins, Ben Webster and Joe Henderson. He also linked up with other British jazz musicians, including guitarist John McLaughlin, saxophonists Evan Parker and John Surman, South Africa-born London-based pianist Chris McGregor, and drummer John Stevens, and performed on the Spontaneous Music Ensemble's 1968 album Karyobin. He also began a working relationship with Canada-born, England-based trumpeter Kenny Wheeler that continued until Wheeler's death in 2014.

With Miles Davis
In 1968, Miles Davis and Philly Joe Jones heard him at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, playing in a combo that opened for the Bill Evans Trio. Jones told Holland that Davis wanted him to join his band (replacing Ron Carter). Davis left the UK before Holland could contact him directly, and two weeks later Holland was given three days' notice to fly to New York for an engagement at Count Basie's nightclub. He arrived the night before, staying with Jack DeJohnette, a previous acquaintance. The following day Herbie Hancock took him to the club, and his two years with Davis began. This was also Hancock's last gig as Davis's pianist, as he left afterwards for a honeymoon in Brazil and was replaced by Chick Corea when he could not return for an engagement due to illness. Holland's first recordings with Davis were in September 1968, and he appears on half of the album Filles de Kilimanjaro (with Davis, Corea, Wayne Shorter and Tony Williams).

Holland was a member of Davis's rhythm section through the summer of 1970; he appears on the albums In a Silent Way and Bitches' Brew.  In the first year of his tenure with Davis, Holland played primarily upright bass. By the end of 1969, he played electric bass guitar (often treated with wah-wah pedal and other electronic effects) with greater frequency as Davis moved away from acoustic jazz.

Holland was also a member of Davis's working group during this time, unlike many of the musicians who appeared only on the trumpeter's studio recordings. The so-called "lost quintet" of Davis, Shorter, Corea, Holland and DeJohnette was active in 1969 but never made any studio recordings as a quintet. A 1970 live recording of this group plus percussionist Airto Moreira, Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time, was issued in 2001. Steve Grossman replaced Shorter in early 1970; Keith Jarrett joined the group as a second keyboardist thereafter, and Gary Bartz replaced Grossman during the summer of 1970. By the end of the summer, rhythm and blues bass guitarist Michael Henderson had replaced Holland.

ECM and the 1970s
After leaving Davis's group, Holland briefly joined the avant-garde jazz group Circle, with Corea, saxophonist Anthony Braxton and percussionist Barry Altschul. This started a decades-long association with the ECM record label. After recording a few albums, Circle disbanded when Corea departed. 1972 saw the recording of Conference of the Birds, with Braxton, saxophonist/flautist  Sam Rivers and Altschul– Holland's first recording as a leader, and the beginning of a long musical relationship with Rivers. The title of the album is taken from that of a 4,500-line epic poem by Persian Sufist writer, Farid al-Din Attar.

Holland worked as a leader and as a sideman with many other jazz artists in the 1970s. On June 15, 1972 he played with Thelonious Monk at the Village Vanguard which was one of Monk's last concerts. Holland recorded several important albums with Anthony Braxton between 1972 and 1976 – including New York, Fall 1974 (1974) and Five Pieces (1975) – that were released on Arista Records.
Holland also recorded duo sessions with saxophonist Sam Rivers and fellow bassist Barre Phillips, and the solo bass album Emerald Tears. Also in the 1970s he appeared with performers including Stan Getz and the Gateway Trio with John Abercrombie and DeJohnette. The Gateway trio released two influential modern jazz albums in 1975 and 1977, and reformed in 1994 for a recording session which yielded another two albums. As a sideman, Holland appeared on rock and pop recordings as well, working with singer Bonnie Raitt on her 1972 album Give It Up.

The 1980s
Holland formed his first working quintet in 1983, and over the next four years released Jumpin' In, Seeds of Time, and The Razor's Edge, featuring alto saxophonist Steve Coleman, trumpeter Wheeler and trombonist Julian Priester (or Robin Eubanks). Subsequently, he formed the Dave Holland Trio (with Coleman and DeJohnette) for the 1988 album Triplicate, and teamed with Coleman, electric guitarist Kevin Eubanks and drummer Marvin "Smitty" Smith for Extensions. He also recorded Life Cycle, an album of compositions played on solo cello.

The bassist also continued to collaborate with his peers, often connecting with figures from the previous generation of jazz icons. In 1989, Holland teamed with drummer Billy Higgins and pianist Hank Jones to record The Oracle, and joined drummer Roy Haynes and guitarist Pat Metheny in 1989 to record Question and Answer.

The 1990s and 2000s
During the 1990s, Holland renewed an affiliation, begun in the 1970s, with Joe Henderson, joining the tenor saxophonist on So Near (So Far), a tribute to Miles Davis, and Porgy & Bess. Holland also reunited with vocalist Betty Carter, touring and recording the live album Feed the Fire (1993). Fellow Davis alumnus Herbie Hancock invited Holland to tour with him in 1992, subsequently recording The New Standard. Holland joined Hancock's band again in 1996. He was also part of the sessions for River: The Joni Letters, winner of the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.

As a leader, Holland formed his third quartet and released Dream of the Elders (1995), which introduced the vibraphonist Steve Nelson to his ensembles. Holland formed a quintet that includes tenor saxophonist Chris Potter, trombonist Robin Eubanks and, a more recent addition, drummer Nate Smith. Their recordings include Points of View, Prime Directive, Not for Nothin, Extended Play: Live at Birdland and Critical Mass. In addition to releasing four quintet albums on ECM, Holland debuted his Big Band, which released What Goes Around in 2002. The album won Holland his first Grammy as a leader, in the Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album category. The second Big Band recording, Overtime (2005), again won the Grammy in the Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album category; it was released on Holland's Dare2 label, which he formed that year.

In 2009, Holland was a co-founder of an all-star group called the Overtone Quartet. The group consisted of Holland on bass, Chris Potter on tenor saxophone, Jason Moran on piano, and Eric Harland on drums. The group toured extensively throughout the United States and Europe.

Awards and honors
He won the Critics Poll in Down Beat magazine for Musician of the Year, Big Band of the Year, and Acoustic Bassist of the Year (he also garnered top bassist in the 2006 poll). The Jazz Journalists' Association honored him as Musician and Acoustic Bassist of the Year. He was the recipient of the Miles Davis Award at the Montreal Jazz Festival.

The National Endowment for the Arts named Holland as one of its five Jazz Masters Fellows in 2017; the award recognizes artists for their lifetime achievements and exceptional contributions toward the advancement of jazz.

Holland has received honorary doctorates from the New England Conservatory, Boston, where he held a full-time teaching position in 1987–88 and where he has been visiting artist in residence since 2005; Berklee College of Music, Boston; and the Birmingham Conservatoire, in England. He was also named Fellow of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama (London). From 1982 to 1989, Holland served as the artistic director of the Banff Summer Jazz Workshop through the Banff School of Fine Arts in Alberta, Canada. In addition, he has taught workshops and master classes around the world at universities and music schools and is President of the UK-based National Youth Jazz Collective.

Discography

As leader
 Conference of the Birds (ECM, 1973) – recorded in 1972
 Emerald Tears (ECM, 1978) – recorded in 1977. solo bass.
 Life Cycle (ECM, 1983) – recorded in 1982. solo cello.
 Jumpin' In (ECM, 1983)
 Seeds of Time (ECM, 1984)
 The Razor's Edge (ECM, 1987)
 Triplicate (ECM, 1988)
 Extensions (ECM, 1990)
 Ones All (VeraBra, 1993) – solo bass
 Dream of the Elders (ECM, 1995) – quartet
 Points of View (ECM, 1998) – quintet
 Prime Directive (ECM, 1999) – quintet
 Not for Nothin' (ECM, 2001) – quintet
 What Goes Around (ECM, 2002) – with big band
 Extended Play: Live at Birdland (ECM, 2003)[2CD] – quintet
 Overtime (Dare2/Sunnyside, 2005) – with big band
 Critical Mass (Dare2/Sunnyside, 2006) – quintet
 Pass It On (Dare2/EmArcy/UMe, 2008) – sextet
 Pathways (Dare2, 2010) – octet
 Prism (Dare2, 2013) – quartet
 Aziza (Dare2, 2016) – quartet
 Uncharted Territories (Dare2, 2018)[2CD] – quartet with Evan Parker
 Without Deception (Dare2, 2020) – recorded in 2019
 Another Land (Edition Records, 2021) – recorded in 2019

Compilation
Rarum, Vol. 10: Selected Recordings (ECM, 2004)

As co-leader
 with John McLaughlin, John Surman, Stu Martin and Karl Berger – Where Fortune Smiles (Dawn, 1971)
 with Chick Corea and Barry Altschul – ARC (ECM, 1971)
 with Derek Bailey – Improvisations for Cello and Guitar (ECM, 1971)
 with Barre Phillips – Music from Two Basses (ECM, 1971)
 Dave Holland / Sam Rivers (Improvising Artists, 1976)
 Sam Rivers / Dave Holland Vol. 2 (Improvising Artists, 1976)
 Norman Blake/Tut Taylor/Sam Bush/Butch Robins/Vassar Clements/David Holland/Jethro Burns (HDS, 1975)
 with Karl Berger – All Kinds of Time (Sackville, 1976)
 with Evan Parker, Paul Rutherford and Paul Lovens – The Ericle of Dolphi [recorded 1976 and 1986] (Po Torch, 1989)
 Vassar Clements, John Hartford, Dave Holland (Rounder, 1985)
 with Hank Jones and Billy Higgins – The Oracle (EmArcy, 1990)
 with Steve Coleman – Phase Space (Rebel-X/DIW, 1991)
 with Gordon Beck, Jack DeJohnette and Didier Lockwood – For Evans Sake (JMS, 1992)
 with Mino Cinelu and Kevin Eubanks – World Trio (Intuition, 1995)
 ScoLoHoFo (John Scofield, Joe Lovano, Dave Holland and Al Foster) – Oh! (Blue Note, 2003)
 with Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Chris Potter and Eric Harland – The Monterey Quartet: Live at the 2007 Monterey Festival (Monterey Jazz Festival, 2009)
 with Pepe Habichuela – Hands (Dare2, 2010)
 with Sam Rivers and Barry Altschul – Reunion: Live in New York (Pi, 2012)
 with Kenny Barron – The Art of Conversation (Impulse!, 2014)
 with Zakir Hussain and Chris Potter - Good Hope (Edition Records, 2019)

As group
As Circle
With  Chick Corea, Anthony Braxton, and Barry Altschul
 1970: Circling In (Blue Note, 1975)
 1970: Circulus (Blue Note, 1978)
 1970: Circle 1: Live in Germany Concert (CBS/Sony Japan, 1971)
 1971: Paris Concert (ECM, 1972)
 1971: Circle 2: Gathering (CBS/Sony Japan, 1971)

Gateway
With John Abercrombie and Jack DeJohnette
 1975: Gateway (ECM, 1976)
 1977: Gateway 2 (ECM, 1978)
 1994: Homecoming (ECM, 1995)
 1994: In the Moment (ECM, 1996)

As sideman

With Karl Berger
 Tune In (Milestone, 1969)
 Transit (Black Saint, 1986)
 Crystal Fire (Enja, 1992)
 Conversations (In+Out, 1994)

With Anouar Brahem
 Thimar (ECM, 1998) – rec. 1997
 Blue Maqams (ECM, 2017)

With Anthony Braxton
 The Complete Braxton (Freedom, 1973) – rec. 1971
 Town Hall 1972 (Trio, 1972)
 Trio and Duet (Sackville, 1974)
 New York, Fall 1974 (Arista, 1974)
 Five Pieces 1975 (Arista, 1975)
Quartet: Live at Moers Festival (Ring, 1976) – rec. 1974
 Creative Orchestra Music 1976 (Arista, 1976)
 The Montreux/Berlin Concerts (Arista, 1977) – rec. 1975–76
 Dortmund (Quartet) 1976 (hatART, 1991)

With Steve Coleman
 Rhythm People (The Resurrection of Creative Black Civilization) (Novus/RCA, 1990)
 Black Science (Novus/RCA, 1991)
 Rhythm in Mind (Novus/RCA, 1991)

With Chick Corea
 1969: Is (Groove Merchant, 1969)
 1969: Sundance (Groove Merchant, 1972)
 1970: The Song of Singing (Blue Note, 1971)

With Miles Davis
 Filles de Kilimanjaro (Columbia, 1968)
 In a Silent Way (Columbia, 1969)
 Bitches Brew (Columbia, 1969)
 Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time (Columbia, 1970)
 Miles Davis at Fillmore: Live at the Fillmore East (Columbia, 1970)
 Black Beauty: Live at the Fillmore West (Columbia, 1970)
 Live-Evil (Columbia, 1970)
 Big Fun (Columbia, 1969–1972)
 1969 Miles – Festiva De Juan Pins (Columbia, 1993)
 Live in Europe 1969: The Bootleg Series Vol. 2 (Columbia/Legacy, 2013)
 Miles at the Fillmore - Miles Davis 1970: The Bootleg Series Vol. 3 (Columbia/Legacy, 2014)
 Miles Davis at Newport 1955-1975: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4 (Columbia/Legacy, 2015)

With Robin Eubanks
 Karma (JMT, 1991)
 Mental Images (JMT, 1994)

With Herbie Hancock
 The New Standard (Verve, 1996)
 River: The Joni Letters (Verve, 2006)

With Billy Hart
 Enchance (Horizon, 1977)
 Oshumare (Gramavision, 1985)

With Joe Henderson
 Black Is the Color (Milestone, 1972)
 Multiple (Milestone, 1973)
 So Near, So Far (Verve, 1993)
 Porgy & Bess (Verve, 1997)

With Eric Kloss
 To Hear Is to See! (Prestige, 1969)
 Consciousness! (Prestige, 1970)
 One, Two, Free (Muse, 1972)

With Dave Liebman
First Visit (Philips, 1973)
 Fire (Jazzline, 2018) – rec. 2016

With Joe Lovano
 From the Soul (Blue Note, 1992)
 Trio Fascination: Edition One (Blue Note, 1997)

With Sam Rivers
 Sizzle (Impulse!, 1975)
 The Quest (Red, 1976)
 Paragon (Fluid, 1977)
 Waves (Tomato, 1978)
 Contrasts (ECM, 1981)
 Zenith (NoBusiness, 2019)
 Ricochet (NoBusiness, 2020)
 Braids (NoBusiness, 2020)

With Kenny Wheeler
 Windmill Tilter (Fontana, 1969)
 Gnu High (ECM, 1975)
 Deer Wan (ECM, 1977)
 Double, Double You (ECM, 1984)
 Flutter By, Butterfly (Soul Note, 1988)
 Music for Large & Small Ensembles (ECM, 1990)
 The Widow in the Window (ECM, 1990)
 Angel Song (ECM, 1997)
 What Now? (CAM Jazz, 2005)

With others
 Claudia Acuña, Rhythm of Life (Verve, 2002)
 George Adams, Sound Suggestions (ECM, 1979)
 Geri Allen, The Life of a Song (Telarc, 2004)
 Franco Ambrosetti, Tentets (Enja, 1985)
 Kenny Barron, Scratch (Enja, 1985)
 Terence Blanchard, Wandering Moon (Sony Classical, 2000)
 Paul Bley, Paul Bley & Scorpio (Milestone, 1973)
 Michael Brecker, Tales from the Hudson (Impulse!, 1996)
 Nick Brignola, Baritone Madness (Bee Hive, 1978) – rec. 1977
 Gary Burton, Like Minds (Concord, 1998)
 Uri Caine, Toys (JMT, 1996)
 Baikida Carroll, Shadows and Reflections (Soul Note, 1982)
 Betty Carter, Feed the Fire (Verve, 1994) – rec. 1993
 James Carter, The Real Quiet Storm (Atlantic, 1995)
 Vassar Clements, Once In A While (Flying Fish, 1992)
 Joe Farrell, Joe Farrell Quartet (CTI, 1970)
 Bill Frisell, With Dave Holland and Elvin Jones (Nonesuch, 2001)
 Hal Galper, Inner Journey (Mainstream, 1973)
 Laszlo Gardony, The Legend of Tsumi (Antilles, 1989)
 Barry Guy and the London Jazz Composers' Orchestra, Zurich Concerts (Intakt, 1988)
 Jim Hall, Jim Hall & Basses (Telarc, 2001)
 Roy Haynes, Birds of a Feather: A Tribute to Charlie Parker (Dreyfus Jazz, 2001) – Grammy nominated
 Roland Hanna, Child of Gemini (MPS, 1971)
 Mark Isaacs, Encounters, with Roy Haynes (ABC, 1990 & 1995; veraBra, 1991; Gracemusic, 2013)
 Leroy Jenkins, For Players Only (JCOA Records, 1975)
 Charles Lloyd, Voice in the Night (ECM, 1998)
 John Hartford, Morning Bugle (Warner Bros. 1972)
 Lee Konitz, Satori (Milestone, 1974)
 Peter O'Mara, Avenue U (Enja, 1990)
 Pat Metheny, Question and Answer (Geffen, 1990) (with Roy Haynes)
 Chris Potter, Unspoken (Concord, 1997)
 Wayne Shorter, Moto Grosso Feio (Blue Note, 1970)
 Tomasz Stańko, Balladyna (ECM, 1976)
 Gary Thomas, While the Gate Is Open (JMT, 1990)
 Collin Walcott, Cloud Dance (ECM, 1975)
 Richard Teitelbaum, Muun Music Universe, Vol. 1: The Peace Church Concerts (CMC/India Navigation, 1974)

Filmography

Concert films
 1992 Renaud Le Van Kim: Miles Davis and Friends (Bravo)
 2000 DeJohnette, Hancock, Holland and Metheny Live in Concert
 2005 Dave Holland Quintet Live in Freiburg
 2008 Herbie Hancock & The New Standard Allstars in Japan (Jazz Door)
 2009 Dave Holland Quintet: Vortex
 2009 Dave Holland Quintet Live from the Zelt-Musik-Festival, Freiburg 1986

Featured in documentaries
 2001 Mike Dibb: The Miles Davis Story (Channel 4)
 2004 Murray Lerner: Miles Electric A Different Kind of Blue (Eagle Rock) about the Isle of Wight Festival 1970

References

External links

 Official website
 Dave Holland on ECM's official website, with reviews
 Dave Hollands ECM recordings on trovar.com
 Audio Interview with Dave Holland
 Review of the album Critical Mass from JazzChicago.net
 Dave Holland: Jazz at the Bass Level, Oregon Music News
 Dave Holland at All About Jazz
 Discography on Discogs

1946 births
Living people
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Avant-garde jazz musicians
British jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
English jazz composers
Male jazz composers
English male composers
Grammy Award winners
Miles Davis
musicians from Wolverhampton
New England Conservatory alumni
New England Conservatory faculty
Big bands
ECM Records artists
Circle (jazz band) members
21st-century double-bassists
Spontaneous Music Ensemble members
Gateway (band) members
Sackville Records artists
Improvising Artists Records artists

Dave Holland


John Duthie (born in Leeds, Yorkshire) is a London-based English television director and creator of the television series called the European Poker Tour.

Film and television
As an assistant director he worked alongside directors such as Charles Sturridge, Lewis Gilbert and Bille August on projects including Longitude, Haunted and The House of the Spirits. Having worked as a second unit director on the TV serial Kavanagh QC, he moved on to become a full-time director on television serials: As If, Clocking Off and Silent Witness, which won an RTS award for Best Editing and a BAFTA Award for Best Drama Serial. He created and executive produced the European Poker Tour series of TV programmes now in its eleventh series.

Poker
He became a well-known figure on the poker circuit when he won the televised Poker Million 2000 tournament on the Isle of Man, earning £1,000,000 ($1,426,330, at the time of winning) by outlasting a final table that included Tony Bloom and Barny Boatman.

He later made four appearances on the Late Night Poker television series. In one episode he outlasted a field including Surinder Sunar, Julian Gardner and Marcel Lüske to qualify for the Series 6 Grand Final. He eventually won Series 9 of LNP beating Phil Ivey Heads up to win $200,000.

He also had a second-place finish to Mike Sexton in the 2003 European Heads-Up Championships in Paris, France, and also a 2nd-place finish in the PokerStars Spring Championship of Online Poker $25,000 heads up tournament and 2nd Place in the WSOP $10,000 heads up tournament, both in 2009. He came 2nd in WCOOP No 1 on PokerStars in 2015 winning $145,000.

As of 2015, his total live tournament winnings exceeded $3,200,000.

As of Feb 2017 he is president of partypoker LIVE, partypoker.com's new live global poker tour

Personal life
Duthie is married and has two sons. He enjoys watching movies (his favourite film is On the Waterfront), and is very fond of the work of Al Alvarez. He recently revealed in an online interview that he rode bulls in Australia in 1976.

Notes

External links
PokerPages profile
Hendon Mob tournament results

Living people
English poker players
Poker commentators
European Poker Tour
English television directors
People from Leeds
Year of birth missing (living people)
Game players from Yorkshire

John Duthie (poker player)


Aiptasia is a genus of a symbiotic cnidarian belonging to the class Anthozoa (sea anemones, corals). Aiptasia is a widely distributed genus of temperate and tropical sea anemones of benthic lifestyle typically found living on mangrove roots and hard substrates. These anemones, as well as many other cnidarian species, often contain symbiotic dinoflagellate unicellular algae of the genus Symbiodinium living inside nutritive cells. The symbionts provide food mainly in the form of lipids and sugars produced from photosynthesis to the host while the hosts provides inorganic nutrients and a constant and protective environment to the algae.
Species of Aiptasia are relatively weedy anemones able to withstand a relatively wide range of salinities and other water quality conditions.  In the case of A. pallida and A. pulchella, their hardiness coupled with their ability to reproduce very quickly and out-compete other species in culture gives these anemones the status of pest from the perspective of coral reef aquarium hobbyists. These very characteristics make them easy to grow in the laboratory and thus they are extensively used as model organisms for scientific study.  In this respect, Aiptasia have contributed a significant amount of knowledge regarding cnidarian biology, especially human understanding of cnidarian-algal symbioses, a biological phenomenon crucial to the survival of corals and coral reef ecosystems. The dependence of coral reefs on the health of the symbiosis is dramatically illustrated by the devastating effects experienced by corals due to the loss of algal symbionts in response to environmental stress, a phenomenon known as coral bleaching.

Species
Species in the genus Aiptasia include:

Aiptasia californica Carlgren, 1952
Aiptasia couchii (Cocks, 1851)
Aiptasia diaphana (Rapp, 1829)
Aiptasia insignis Carlgren, 1941
Aiptasia inula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Aiptasia leiodactyla Pax, 1910
Aiptasia mimosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Aiptasia minuta (Verrill, 1866)
Aiptasia mutabilis (Gravenhorst, 1831)
Aiptasia prima (Stephenson, 1918)
Aiptasia pulchella Carlgren, 1943
Aiptasia tagetes (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)

Morphology
Cnidarian species are found in one of two body forms: the polyp and the medusae. Some alternate between these two forms during their life cycle. In the case of Aiptasia, and all anthozoans, the body form is the polyp.  The body is composed of a pedal disc with which Aiptasia attaches to the substrate, a smooth and elongated body column and an oral disc which bears the mouth and long stinging tentacles.

Reproduction
Aiptasia can reproduce both sexually and asexually.  Asexual reproduction occurs when a small segment is separated from the pedal disk.  A single cell can be enough for a new Aiptasia anemone to form. The separated segment will start growing and develop a new polyp. A new polyp is usually formed within 14 days.  The new polyps are clones of the original Aiptasia.  Aiptasia diaphana  can produce both male and female offspring through asexual reproduction. Some clones even develop into hermaphrodites.

Sexual reproduction in the well-studied Aiptasia pallida and Aiptasia pulchella, is dioecious, meaning that individual Aiptasia are of separate sexes.   During spawning, anemones release their gametes into the water where fertilization occurs.  The resulting zygote becomes a free swimming planula larva which eventually settles onto a suitable substrate where it undergoes metamorphosis to become a small polyp.  Newly produced larvae are aposymbiotic meaning they do not contain symbionts.  The larvae or newly settled polyps can acquire symbiotic algae from the environment.

External factors affect the method of reproductions.  While asexual reproduction is possible under diverse environmental conditions, sexual reproduction is dependent on lunar cycles and low environmental stress.

In the aquarium
Aiptasia sp. are considered pests in the marine aquarium hobby, because they are stressful to coral around them, and occasionally even sting fish and desirable invertebrates. They are often accidentally imported along with live rock. Once present in the aquarium, the polyps are notoriously difficult to remove as attempts to remove often inadvertently create more, due to new polyps regenerating from remnants. Hobbyists commonly put peppermint shrimp or certain species of filefish or butterfly fish inside the aquarium to control Aiptasia populations, as the arthropods regularly prey on small cnidarian polyps. The nudibranch Aeolidiella stephanieae, is considered one of the best predators for Aiptasia sp. This species used to be called and is still commonly referred to as Berghia verrucicornis.  A few of the more popular fish considered for controlling aiptasia are Acreichthys tomentosus, the bristletail filefish; Chelmon rostratus, the copperband butterflyfish; and Chaetodon kleinii, the sunburst butterflyfish; however these fish are potentially detrimental to other, desirable, sessile invertebrates.

References

WoRMS (2013). Aiptasia. In: Fautin, Daphne G. 2011. Hexacorallians of the World. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100857 on 2013-06-14

Aiptasiidae
Hexacorallia genera
Taxa named by Philip Henry Gosse

Aiptasia


Cradle of Man is a modern play by Melanie Marnich. It has been performed in Chicago and Dallas and stars David Eigenberg, Jennie Moreau, Peggy Roeder, Sean Cooper and Julie Ganey. It is set in Africa and deals with themes of lust, jealousy and our relationship with these primitive impulses.

External links
Script of Cradle of Man
Review on www.theatermania.com
Profile of Melanie Marnich

2005 plays
American plays

Cradle of Man


Paruzzaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about  northeast of Turin and about  north of Novara.

Paruzzaro borders the following municipalities: Arona, Gattico-Veruno, Invorio, and Oleggio Castello. The municipal territory is home to the Romanesque church of San Marcello (late 10th-early 11th centuries). There is a fresco cycle by 15th–16th-century local artists in the church.

References

Cities and towns in Piedmont

Paruzzaro


William Stewart MacGeorge (1861–1931) was a Scottish artist associated with the Kirkcudbright School.  Born in Castle Douglas, lived at 120 King St. He attended the Royal Institution Art School in Edinburgh before studying under Charles Verlat in Antwerp. After becoming influenced by Edward Atkinson Hornel, who had also studied under Verlat, MacGeorge began using brighter colours. William Stewart MacGeorge later married the widow of Hugh Munro and settling in Gifford in East Lothian where he died. His widow bequeathed about 45 of his paintings to Haddington Town Council. He is fictionalised in the 1907 novel  Little Esson, by his boyhood friend S.R. Crockett

References

1861 births
1931 deaths
19th-century Scottish painters
20th-century Scottish painters
People from Castle Douglas
Scottish male painters
19th-century Scottish male artists
20th-century Scottish male artists

William Stewart MacGeorge


The unqualified term instability strip usually refers to a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram largely occupied by several related classes of pulsating variable stars: Delta Scuti variables, SX Phoenicis variables, and rapidly oscillating Ap stars (roAps) near the main sequence; RR Lyrae variables where it intersects the horizontal branch; and the Cepheid variables where it crosses the supergiants.

RV Tauri variables are also often considered to lie on the instability strip, occupying the area to the right of the brighter Cepheids (at lower temperatures), since their stellar pulsations are attributed to the same mechanism.

Position on the HR diagram

The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram plots the real luminosity of stars against their effective temperature (their color, given by the temperature of their photosphere). The instability strip intersects the main sequence, (the prominent diagonal band that runs from the upper left to the lower right) in the region of A and F stars (1–2 solar mass ()) and extends to G and early K bright supergiants (early M if RV Tauri stars at minimum are included).  Above the main sequence, the vast majority of stars in the instability strip are variable.  Where the instability strip intersects the main sequence, the vast majority of stars are stable, but there are some variables, including the roAp stars.

Pulsations
Stars in the instability strip pulsate due to He III (doubly ionized helium), in a process based on the Kappa–mechanism. In normal A-F-G class stars, He in the stellar photosphere is neutral. Deeper below the photosphere, where the temperature reaches 25,000–, begins the He II layer (first He ionization). Second ionization of helium (He III) starts at depths where the temperature is 35,000–.

When the star contracts, the density and temperature of the He II layer increases. The increased energy is sufficient to remove the lone remaining electron in the He II, transforming it into He III (second ionization). This causes the opacity of the He layer to increase and the energy flux from the interior of the star is effectively absorbed. The temperature of the star's core increases, which causes it to expand. After expansion, the He III cools and begins to recombine with free electrons to form He II and the opacity of the star decreases. This allows the trapped heat to propagate to the surface of the star. When the sufficient energy has been radiated away, overlying the stellar material once again causes the He II layer to contract, and the cycle starts from the beginning. This results in the observed increase and decrease in the surface temperature of the star.  In some stars, the pulsations are caused by the opacity peak of metal ions at about .

The phase shift between a star's radial pulsations and brightness variations depends on the distance of He II zone from the stellar surface in the stellar atmosphere. For most Cepheids, this creates a distinctly asymmetrical observed light curve, increasing rapidly to maximum and slowly decreasing back down to minimum.

Other pulsating stars
There are several types of pulsating star not found on the instability strip and with pulsations driven by different mechanisms.  At cooler temperatures are the long period variable AGB stars.  At hotter temperatures are the Beta Cephei and PV Telescopii variables.  Right at the edge of the instability strip near the main sequence are Gamma Doradus variables.  The band of White dwarfs has three separate regions and types of variable: DOV, DBV, and DAV (= ZZ Ceti variables) white dwarfs.  Each of these types of pulsating variable has an associated instability strip created by variable opacity partial ionisation regions other than helium.

Most high luminosity supergiants are somewhat variable, including the Alpha Cygni variables.  In the specific region of more luminous stars above the instability strip are found the yellow hypergiants which have irregular pulsations and eruptions.  The hotter luminous blue variables may be related and show similar short- and long-term spectral and brightness variations with irregular eruptions.

References

Hertzsprung–Russell classifications
Stellar evolution

Instability strip


Lewis I. Cohen (1800–1868) was a major manufacturer in the playing card business during the nineteenth century.

Lewis was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, but moved to London, England in 1814. Here he was apprenticed to his half-brother Solomon Cohen who had a business manufacturing pencils. In 1819 he returned to the USA on the barque Mary and Susan.

As he arrived in New York he noticed a schooner from Florida loaded with cedar logs. Noticing that this timber did not have any knots, he promptly bought the entire shipment for £30, paying a fraction per log of what his brother, Solomon, was paying per foot in London. He persuaded Captain Champlin of the Mary and Susan to transport the load back to London as ballast, meaning without cost.

Lewis I. Cohen then went on to make a name for himself as the first American to make lead pencils and for introducing steel pens to the US, in place of old-type quill pens. However, Cohen's greatest achievement was in developing playing card manufacture through mechanized colour printing. Alongside George Baxter (1836) and Thomas de la Rue (1831) he pioneered printing four colours in one pass, registering his colour-printing machine in 1835.

He formed his business, L. I. Cohen, New York, publishing his first deck of playing cards in 1832. He used an Eagle perched atop the spade symbol, enshrined by thirteen shining stars, as insignia on the Ace of Spades of each deck. In 1845 he retired, issuing a gold embossed deck of playing cards. His son, Solomon L. Cohen, and his nephew, John M. Lawrence took over the firm and in 1850 the stationery side of the business was sold. On December 5, 1871, Lawrence and Cohen turned the business into a stock company together with three new partners: Samuel Hart, Isaac Levy and John J. Levy. Together, they would form the New York Consolidated Card Company.

References
 Lewis I. Cohen Playing Cards, History, America 19th Century accessed 28 February 2010.

1800 births
1868 deaths
Playing card manufacturers
Businesspeople from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
19th-century American businesspeople

Lewis Cohen (cardmaker)


Dionysios A. Zakythinos or Zakythenos (; 1905 in Lixouri, Kefalonia – 18 January 1993, in Athens) was a leading Greek Byzantinist.

Zakythinos was born in Kefalonia in 1905. After graduating from the University of Athens in 1927, he went to the Sorbonne, which at the time was a major center of Byzantine studies with scholars like Charles Diehl and Ferdinand Lot. His first major work was a detailed study of the late Byzantine Despotate of the Morea, published in French (Le despotat grec de Morée (1262–1460)) in two volumes, one in 1932 and the other, delayed by World War II, in 1953. From 1939 to 1970 he taught Byzantine and Modern Greek History in the University of Athens (among his students there were Angeliki Laiou, Nikolaos Oikonomides and  Chryssa Maltezou), while in 1937–1946 he directed the Greek State Archives. He also taught modern Greek history in the Panteion University from 1951 to 1965, served as vice-chairman of the National Research Foundation in 1958 and was the first director of the Byzantine Research Institute from its foundation in 1960 to 1975.  The Academy of Athens elected him as a full member in 1966, and Zakythinos went on to serve as its president in 1974. Zakythinos was also a Foreign Fellow of the British Academy. In 1971–76 he served as chairman of the International Association of Byzantine Studies (AIEB), and thereafter as its honorary president.

Zakythinos also served briefly as Minister to the Prime Minister in the interim 1963–64 government of Ioannis Paraskevopoulos, while after the fall of the Regime of the Colonels, he was elected to the Greek Parliament in the November 1974 elections, on the list of the conservative New Democracy party, serving until 1977. He died on 18 January 1993 in Athens.

Sources

External links
 List of publications

1905 births
1993 deaths
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
Greek Byzantinists
People from Paliki
Greek MPs 1974–1977
Members of the Academy of Athens (modern)
20th-century Greek historians
Academic staff of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Scholars of Byzantine history
Historians of medieval Greece

Dionysios Zakythinos


Tantowi Yahya (born 29 October 1960 in Palembang) is an Indonesian artist, presenter and politician who is a former Ambassador of Indonesia to New Zealand, Samoa and Tonga. He is most famous for hosting the Indonesian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. In 2009, Tantowi became member of Indonesian parliament from Golkar Party, representing South Sumatera province. In 2014, he was reelected and this time he represented the capital city, Jakarta.

Personal life
Tantowi was born in Palembang, South Sumatera on 29 October 1960 as the fourth child out of five children of ethnic Palembangese Malay parents named Yahya Matusin and Komariah, he was born and raised in a simple family background. His father, Yahya sold used glasses for living. Believing that English is a key to success, at the age of 14, he sent Tantowi and his younger brother, Helmy to an English course in Palembang. Yahya Matusin was a multi talented man.  He was known as a great footballer, badminton player, a religious leader, accordion player and also an avid singer.

Tantowi married his wife, Dewi Handayani in 1989 and has two sons, Mohammad Adjani Prasanna Yahya (born on 11 April 2001) and Mohammad Alano Panditta Yahya (born on 20 April 2006). Tantowi is the elder brother of Helmy Yahya, a famous TV host and TV program maker as well as the former President Director of Indonesian public television TVRI.

Television
Tantowi's early success is as host of TV show "Gita Remaja" in 1989 on TVRI. His best known career however came in 2001, from that year to 2006, he hosted the Indonesian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? on RCTI. The next program he hosted was the Deal or No Deal Indonesia also on RCTI. In 2009 he hosted the local adaptation of Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? this time on Global TV, but his sparkling career in television was cut short by his election into Indonesian House of Representative following his electoral victory in 2009 Indonesian legislative election.

Country music
Tantowi fell in love with country music when he first listened country songs of Elvis Presley when he was seven. It was his neighbour who lived next door who occasionally played Everly Brothers, Ricky Nelson, Patsy Cline and other country artists on his phonogram who then made him an avid country music fan. Though he had wide opportunity to record his voice, Tantowi only released his first country single Gone, Gone, Gone in 2000. Following success of this single, he then produced his first album Country Breeze, which was sold over 500,000 copies. His music success lead him to become host of "Country Road" music show in TVRI. He was dubbed as "the most popular country singer in Indonesia". He stated that country music is his "second religion". Tantowi Yahya is the founder of Country Music Club of Indonesia. He owned music label, Ceepee and event organizer CDP which organized Indonesian Beauty Pageants, the Indonesian Music Awards, AMI Awards and television award, Panasonic Awards. In 2005, Tantowi visited the United States under a Multi-Nation Program by Eisenhower Fellowship. There he visited Nashville, center of country music industry. Representing Indonesia, Tantowi appeared as global artist at CMA Music Festival in Nashville in 2006. As a country singer, he has produced 10 albums with sale over 3 million copies combined.

Politics
In 2009 election, Tantowi ran for a seat of People's Representative Council (DPR) as delegate from Golkar Party. He won the election by 240.000 votes and represented his native South Sumatra for the period of 2009–2014. As parliamentarian, Tantowi was placed on Commission I overseeing Defense, Intelligence, Media and Informatics and Foreign Affairs.

In June 2013 Tantowi caused controversy when he visited Israel, as Indonesia does not formally recognize the state and does not have a diplomatic relationship with it. The criticism came primarily from conservative Muslims, primarily the controversial Islamic Defender Front (Front Pembela Islam/FPI). FPI's spokesman Munarman stated that Tantowi "ignored suffering of Palestinians" and stated that Tantowi should have visited Gaza instead.

In September 2013, in an interview by ABC, he publicly declared Indonesian's opposition to Australia's government policy on asylum seekers, which involved towing back asylum boats in international water back to Indonesian territory and paying Indonesian villagers for information about people smuggling, calling it 'illegal, offensive and an affront to democracy'. This statement is in line with statement of Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa.

In March 2017, Joko Widodo formally appointed Tantowi as the Ambassador of Indonesia to New Zealand. His place in DPR was taken by Ivan Doly Gultom.

References

External links
 Official Website

1960 births
Living people
Indonesian Muslims
Anugerah Musik Indonesia winners
English-language singers from Indonesia
Indonesian country singers
20th-century Indonesian male singers
Indonesian male actors
Indonesian people of Malay descent
Indonesian diplomats
People from Palembang
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Ambassadors of Indonesia to New Zealand
Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2009
Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2014

Tantowi Yahya


William Edward Julian Cayo-Evans (22 April 1937 – 28 March 1995) was a Welsh political activist and one time leader of the radical political group Free Wales Army.

Life
Born at 'Glandenys', Silian, near Lampeter, where he also died, Cayo-Evans was educated at the independent, co-educational Millfield School in the village of Street in Somerset, England. His father was John Cayo Evans, a professor of mathematics at St David's College, Lampeter and High Sheriff of Cardiganshire in the period 1941–42. In 1955, he was conscripted for National Service, serving with the South Wales Borderers and saw active service, fighting Communist guerrillas in Malaya during the bitter Malayan emergency. On his return, he attended the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester, and after a period as colonial administrator in British India returned to Lampeter to breed palomino and appaloosa horses on his stud farm.

He married Gillianne Mary Davies in 1965. They had three children and divorced in 1975.

Political activism
Best known as a leader of the Free Wales Army, Cayo-Evans appears to have become inspired during the early 1960s, especially during the building of the Tryweryn reservoir. He was 'active' in the FWA during the 1960s and along with two other members of the FWA, Dennis Coslett and Gethyn Ap Iestyn (aka Gethin ap Gruffydd), was convicted of conspiracy to cause explosions and other public order offences following a 53-day trial in 1969. He was sentenced to fifteen months imprisonment, though some sources suggest thirteen months.

Security services' files from the UK National Archives described Cayo-Evans having "a mental age of 12", and Coslett, his second-in-command, as "unbalanced". The documents said that authorities did not regard the Free Wales Army as a serious threat at the time.

Print and performance
In April 2002 Sgript Cymru produced a play by Dic Edwards based on Julian Cayo-Evans. "Franco's Bastard" at Chapter in Cardiff aroused both interest and protest.

Wyn Thomas published a history of the Free Wales Army "Hands Off Wales" in 2013.

In popular culture
In 2000, the brewery Tomos Watkin renamed the Apollo Hotel, Cardiff to "The Cayo Arms".

In March 2008, Anhrefn Records released (on Anrhefn 018) a recording of Cayo-Evans playing his accordion and talking between songs, mainly introducing them. The album is titled Marching songs of the Free Wales Army.

References

External links
 Julian Cayo-Evans at The Dictionary of Welsh Biography (published 2016)

1937 births
1995 deaths
People from Ceredigion
People educated at Millfield
Welsh rebels
Welsh republicans
Welsh nationalists
Welsh activists
Alumni of the Royal Agricultural University
South Wales Borderers soldiers
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
Welsh prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
Welsh-speaking politicians

Julian Cayo-Evans