Brendan O'Connell (September 18, 1968, New York City) is a contemporary American artist known for his paintings of Walmart interiors.  He was nicknamed America's "Brand Name Painter" by Time because of his impressionist paintings of America's most popular brands.

Early life
O'Connell was born in New York City and raised in Tucker, Georgia. After graduating from Emory University in 1990 with degrees in philosophy and Spanish literature, he moved back home where he worked in a grocery store. He later moved to Paris to write a novel.

Career
Without formal art training, O'Connell began painting at the age of 22. He supported himself in Paris as a sidewalk caricaturist while working on abstract paintings. According to O'Connell, influences on his painting were French Abstract-Expressionist artists including Pierre Soulages and Nicolas de Staël.

O'Connell became known for his large impressionist paintings of the aisles of Walmart supermarkets. The initial works were created from photographs of people shopping at Walmart. According to art critic Joe Fyfe, the works are an "idiosyncratic" combination of "kitschy decorative art, almost tourist painting" and high art.  O'Connell's canvasses have been exhibited in New York; Boston; Atlanta, Georgia; Turin, Italy and Shanghai, China.

National interest in Brendan began after he was profiled by Susan Orlean in The New Yorker.  This was followed by his first television appearance on The Colbert Report.  Brendan continues to do live paintings for the local media in Walmarts around the United States, garnering him the nickname the "Warhol of Walmart".

He was the subject the 2013 documentary and Vimeo staff pick, "Blocking the Bread Aisle" by Julien Lasseur and Jamie Thalman. And was one of three artists interviewed on the Colbert Report.

Everyartist.me
In 2012, O'Connell helped organize the Wal-Art Project in which more than 8,400 children gathered in a stadium in Bentonville, Arkansas, the location of Walmart's headquarters, to display their artwork. According to O'Connell, the purpose of the project was to inspire the artistic creativity of everyone. Brendan used the Wal-Art Project as a springboard for Everyartist.me, a social enterprise that creates the annual Everyartist Live! art event.  In November 2013, Brendan organized a national, collaborative painting event with 230,000 children across 46 states with Everyartist Live!

Awards and grants
Eben Demarest Trust grant 2003
S.D. Rubin Foundation 2012

References

External links
Brendan O'Connell's TED Talk, Atlanta TED, 7 May 2013
Appearance on the Colbert Report, 6 March 2013

1968 births
Living people
American Impressionist painters
Painters from New York (state)
People from Tucker, Georgia
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Emory University alumni
20th-century American male artists

Brendan O'Connell (artist)


The Warwick Agreement is the name of a document agreed in July 2004 to the 2005 General Election between many of Britain's main trade unions and the Labour Party, which helped form Labour's 2005 election manifesto.

The affiliated trade unions are organised into a group called TULO (Trade Union & Labour Party Liaison Organisation).

The document is named after The University of Warwick, where the agreement was made.

Five main points

There are five main points covered by the Warwick Agreement:

Fairness at work
Pensions
Public services
Manufacturing
Other commitments

There are many principles covered by each heading (see separate sheets), including statutory pay and paid holidays, protection for pensions, sanitation improvements in the NHS, healthy eating in schools, expansion of skills programmes in the UK and more stringent limitations on interest rates and fees.

Future developments

There is a small sector that believes a new, more relevant version of the Warwick Agreement is required to clamp down on some aspects of public services.  John McDonnell MP is one of this group, quoted as saying:
"Central to this Warwick Mark II programme should be the end of privatisation, the promotion of public ownership and public services, and the implementation of the Trade Union Freedom Bill."
Another prominent character in this is Jon Cruddas MP, who puts a lot of emphasis on policy change and improving Trade Union rights.

Principles covered

Fairness at work
Four weeks paid holiday for all, exclusive of bank holidays.
Legislation on corporate manslaughter in the next parliamentary term.
Using Anti-Social Behaviour Orders to tackle violence and anti-social behaviour in and around front-line workplaces.
Major rollout of childcare schemes including Sure Start & Extended Childcare Scheme for lone parents.
Increased statutory redundancy pay.
To work in Europe for the introduction of employment protection for temporary and agency workers.
Protection for striking workers to be extended from 8 to 12 weeks.
New 'Sectoral Forums', for example in low wage industries to improve pay, skills, productivity and pensions.

Pensions
Protection for pension funds in company transfers or mergers.
Trade unions will gain the right to bargain on pensions.
Training to be introduced for pension trustees, and members to make up 50% of trustees.
Assistance for those who have already lost out on occupational pensions.
An agreement to engage in effective dialogue over the future of public sector pensions.
Legislation, if necessary, to move beyond the current voluntary system of occupational pensions.
A commitment on pensions for same sex partners.

Public services
The extension of two-tier workforce protection in local government across the public services.
A review of all National Health Service cleaning contracts on a test of cleanliness and not just the cost.
Consultation with all stakeholders to monitor PFI, including future financial implications.
Steps to develop staff roles, e.g., health care assistants to receive paid training and possible registration.
A commitment not to transfer out the vast majority of NHS employees.
Agreement to tackle unequal pay in local government.
Measures to promote healthy eating in schools and evaluate the possible extension of the free school meals programme.

Manufacturing
Review and enhance investment funds for manufacturing support with a view to having the best support possible.
Promote a public procurement which safeguards jobs and skills, encourages contracts to be given to UK firms for UK workers
within EU law, and support a review of EU procurement policy.
The Bank of England to consider regional and employment information when setting interest rates.
A strong skills agenda, including
The expansion of apprenticeships
Rolling out Employer Training Pilots, supporting free training up to NVQ2
Action in sectors under-performing on skills, including possible training levies
Union Learning Representatives trebled to 22,000.
Investment in Research and Development to rise to 2.5% of national income.
Improve credit export facilities.
Ensure Regional Development Agencies produce manufacturing strategies through working with employers and Trade Unions, and assist manufacturers to find new markets.

Other commitments
The Royal Mail to stay in public hands, with telecom regulation to focus on service choice and reliability as well as network
competition.
An immediate review of National Insurance Lower Earnings Limit to help lower paid workers get benefits.
The New Deal to provide help to unemployed over 50's.
Action to tackle unethical labour agencies in the health sector.
Further action to tackle domestic violence and support those at risk.
Legal limits to stop rip-off interest rates for credit.
Stronger company disclosure on social, ethical, and environmental issues.

Resources

http://www.brc.org.uk/policycontent04.asp?iCat=42&iSubCat=406&sPolicy=Employment+%28UK%29&sSubPolicy=Warwick+Agreement
http://www.gmb.org.uk/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=94362&int1stParentNodeID=89645&int2ndParentNodeID=89660
http://www.amicustheunion.org/default.aspx?page=2824
http://www.amicustheunion.org/pdf/warwick%20agreement%20leaflet1.pdf
http://newsweaver.co.uk/amicus/e_article000655215.cfm?x=b11,0,w
http://www.tgwu.org.uk/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=93339
http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file11436.pdf

Labour Party (UK) trade unions
British trade unions history
Labour relations in the United Kingdom
History of the Labour Party (UK)
2004 in British politics
2004 in labor relations

Warwick Agreement


Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli or Ulricus Zuinglius (January 1, 1484 – October 11, 1531) was the leader of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland and the founder of the Swiss Reformed churches. Separately from Martin Luther, Zwingli arrived at similar final beliefs by studying the Bible from the point of view of a humanist scholar.

Early life
His father was also called Ulrich Zwingli, and his mother was Margaret Meili. Zwingli had two sisters and seven brothers.

Zwingli was born in Toggenburg, Wildhaus, St. Gallen, Switzerland, to an important family in the middle class.

Reformation
Zwingli's Reformation was supported by the judge and the people of Zürich. That led to major changes in the lives of the people and the government in Zürich.

Zwingli was killed at Kappel am Albis in a battle against the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.

Related pages
John Calvin
Erasmus

1484 births
1531 deaths
Calvinists
Swiss theologians
Protestant Reformers
People from the canton of St. Gallen

Huldrych Zwingli


Dr. Ernst Heinkel (24 January 1888 – 30 January 1958) was a German aircraft designer, manufacturer, Wehrwirtschaftsführer in Nazi Germany, and member of the Nazi party. His company Heinkel Flugzeugwerke produced the Heinkel He 178, the world's first turbojet-powered aircraft, and the Heinkel He 176, the first rocket aircraft.

Early life
Heinkel was born in Grunbach, today a part of Remshalden. As a young man he became an apprentice machinist at a foundry. Heinkel studied at the Technical Academy of Stuttgart, where he initially became interested in aviation through a fascination with Zeppelins, and in 1909 attended an international airshow in Frankfurt am Main. He decided that flight was the future of transportation, and the following year he built his first aircraft, working from a set of plans by Henri Farman. Heinkel crashed it in 1911 and suffered severe injuries.

Albatros Flugzeugwerke
Soon afterwards, he got a job at Luft-Verkehrs Gesellschaft (LVG), who were building Farman aircraft. From there, he went to Albatros. after the war Heinkel claimed to have designed the Albatros B.II, a successful reconnaissance and trainer aircraft used during the early stages of the First World War, but its main designer was in fact Robert Thelen. His aircraft were used by the Austro-Hungarian army and Germany's Kaiserliche Marine during the war. After leaving Albatros, Heinkel designed several land- and seaplanes for the Hansa-Brandenburg company starting in 1914.

Heinkel-Flugzeugwerke

In 1921, Heinkel was appointed head designer of the recently re-established Caspar-Werke, but soon left after a dispute over ownership of a design. In 1922 he established the Heinkel-Flugzeugwerke company at Warnemünde. Due to the restrictions placed on German aircraft manufacturing by the Treaty of Versailles, Heinkel looked overseas for contracts, with some seaplane designs being licence-built in Sweden and working on catapult-launched seaplanes for the Imperial Japanese Navy. He installed a similar catapult on the ocean liner Bremen for launching mail planes.

Versailles Treaty violations
Between 1921 and 1924, the Japanese government placed several orders with Heinkel's company, and helped him skirt the Versailles Treaty, which banned the construction of military aircraft in Germany, by informing the company of facility inspections by allied commissions in advance. Japan was part of the inspection commission. Heinkel hid his aircraft in dunes behind his plant and they were never discovered during inspections. Heinkel noted in his memoirs that his company's relationship with Japan in the 1920s led to decades of cooperation.

1933-1945

After Adolf Hitler came to power, designs by Heinkel's firm formed a vital part of the Luftwaffe's growing strength in the years leading up to the Second World War. This included the Heinkel He 59, the Heinkel He 115 and the Heinkel He 111. He was designated a Wehrwirtschaftführer (~ defence industry leader) by the German government for his commitment to rearmament.

Heinkel was passionate about high-speed flight, and was keen on exploring alternative forms of aircraft propulsion. He donated aircraft to Wernher von Braun who was investigating rocket propulsion for aircraft, as well as sponsoring the research of Hans von Ohain into turbojet engines, leading to the flight of the Heinkel He 178, the first aircraft to fly solely under turbojet power, on August 27, 1939.

Heinkel had been a critic of Hitler's regime, having been forced to fire Jewish designers and staff in 1933; he was, however, a member of the Nazi party, and  was awarded the German National Prize for Art and Science in 1938, one of the rarest honors of the German government. Heinkel Flugzeugwerke used forced Jewish labor, starting in 1941.

In 1942 the government "nationalised" the Heinkel works. In practice, this meant that Heinkel was detained until he sold his controlling interest in his factories to Hermann Göring. Heinkel moved to Vienna and started a new design bureau and corporate offices in Vienna's Schwechat suburb, establishing manufacturing facilities in Zwölfaxing and Floridsdorf as the Heinkel-Sud complex for his firm, the original Rostock-"Marienehe" plant (today's Rostock-Schmarl neighborhood) becoming the Heinkel-Nord facility.  It was at the Heinkel-Sud offices that Dr. Heinkel worked on the Heinkel He 274 four-engined high-altitude heavy bomber design - as one of the trio of proposals for aircraft designs to succeed his firm's failed Heinkel He 177A heavy bomber — including an unbuilt Amerikabomber design - until the war's end concluded the production of the firm's Spatz single-seat jet fighter.

Post-war
In July 1945 Heinkel was captured by American troops and held for possible exploitation and/or possible trial under Operation Dustbin, and was held for a time at Kransberg Castle, near Frankfurt.

With Germany forbidden from manufacturing aircraft by the Allies, Heinkel used his company's facilities to build private transportation.  In 1953 Heinkel began production of the Tourist scooter, followed by the Perle moped in 1954.  In 1956 he introduced the Heinkel Kabine bubble car.  Bubble car and moped production ceased shortly after the restriction on aircraft manufacture was lifted, but scooter production continued until 1965. In 1959, Heinkel's company was sued by Edmund Bartl for being enriched by slave labor during World War II, however, the German Supreme Court dismissed his claims for filing too late and ordered Bartl to pay court costs and attorney's fees.

Death and legacy
Ernst Heinkel died in 1958 in Stuttgart. His autobiography, Stürmisches Leben, was published in 1956 and translated into English as He1000 in its British edition and Stormy Life: Memoirs of a Pioneer of the Air Age in its US edition.

In 1981, Heinkel was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.

References

Sources
 English Edition

External links
 Audio commentary by Erich Warsitz (world's first jet pilot) about Ernst Heinkel, Switzerland, August 2, 1979

Aircraft designers
Engineers from Baden-Württemberg
German aerospace engineers
German company founders
German aerospace businesspeople
German people of World War II
Heinkel
Nazi Party members
People from Rems-Murr-Kreis
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Research and development in Nazi Germany
1888 births
1958 deaths
20th-century German businesspeople

Ernst Heinkel


Concatenation theory, also called string theory, character-string theory, or theoretical syntax, studies character strings over finite alphabets of characters, signs, symbols, or marks. String theory is foundational for formal linguistics, computer science, logic, and metamathematics especially proof theory. A generative grammar can be seen as a recursive definition in string theory.

The most basic operation on strings is concatenation; connect two strings to form a longer string whose length is the sum of the lengths of those two strings. ABCDE is the concatenation of AB with CDE, in symbols ABCDE = AB ^ CDE. Strings, and concatenation of strings can be treated as an algebraic system with some properties resembling those of the addition of integers; in modern mathematics, this system is called a free monoid.

In 1956 Alonzo Church wrote: "Like any branch of mathematics, theoretical syntax may, and ultimately must, be studied by the axiomatic method". Church was evidently unaware that string theory already had two axiomatizations from the 1930s: one by Hans Hermes and one by Alfred Tarski. Coincidentally, the first English presentation of Tarski's 1933 axiomatic foundations of string theory appeared in 1956 – the same year that Church called for such axiomatizations. As Tarski himself noted using other terminology, serious difficulties arise if strings are construed as tokens rather than types in the sense of Peirce's type-token distinction.

References

Logic
Syntax
Philosophy of logic
History of logic
Philosophy of language

Concatenation theory


Dirk De Smet (born 30 April 1969 in Kapellen, Belgium) is a Flemish singer and saxophonist, best known for winning the second series of the Belgian edition of X Factor musical competition. He won the title on the final held on 17 December 2008 with 53% of the popular vote against the other finalist, Tom Eeckhout (later known as Tom Dice).

Dirk De Smet released the winning single on 18 December 2008 entitled "Walk and Don't Look Back", a remake of The Temptations' hit "Don't Look Back". De Smet's version reached #4, its highest position on the Belgian music charts on 27 December 2008.

Discography

Singles

References

External links
Dirk De Smet Official website

1969 births
Living people
Belgian pop singers
Belgian saxophonists
The X Factor winners
People from Kapellen, Belgium
21st-century saxophonists

Dirk De Smet


In mathematics, division is the operation which is the opposite of multiplication. The symbols for division are the slash () and the fraction line, as in:

	or

where both expressions mean "6 divided by 3", with 2 as the answer. The first number (6) is the dividend, and the second number (3) is the divisor. The result (or answer) of a division is the quotient, where any left-over amount as whole numbers is called the remainder. For example,  gives quotient 3 with remainder 2, all expressed as the mixed number  or ).

With multiplication
If  times  equals , written as:

where  is not , then  equals  divided by , written as:

For example,

because

.

In the above expressions, the dividend is , the divisor is  and the quotient is  (with no remainder).

Division by zero, as in

is not defined.

Notation
Division is most often shown by placing the dividend over the divisor with a horizontal line (called a vinculum) between them. For example,  divided by  is written as

This can be read as "x divided by y", or "x over y". A way to express division on one line is to write the dividend, then a slash, then the divisor, like this:

This is the usual way to write division in most computer programming languages, since it can easily be typed as a simple sequence of characters.

A typographical variation which is halfway between these two forms uses a slash, but elevates the dividend and lowers the divisor:

a⁄b

Any of these forms can be used to show a fraction. A fraction is a division expression where the dividend and divisor are both integers (in that case, the two numbers are called numerator and denominator).

Division should not be confused with ratios, which are written as , and read " (is) to ".

Related pages

 Divisor, another meaning as a number which evenly divides an amount
 Division by two
 Long division
 Modular arithmetic
 Remainder

References

Other websites

 Division on a Japanese abacus selected from Abacus: Mystery of the Bead
 Chinese Short Division Techniques on a Suan Pan
 Rules of divisibility

Arithmetics
Mathematics

Division (mathematics)


Joseph Rupert Rudolf Marx (11 May 1882 – 3 September 1964) was an Austrian composer, teacher and critic.

Life and career
Marx was born in Graz and pursued studies in philosophy, art history, German studies, and music at Graz University, earning several degrees including a doctorate in 1909. His thesis was an expansion of a 1907 scholarly study of tonality, in which he coined the term "atonality". He began composing seriously in 1908 and over the next four years he produced around 120 songs. In 1914 he joined the faculty of the Vienna Music Academy, later becoming the institution's director in 1922. When the school was reorganized as the Hochschule für Musik in 1924 he was appointed to the position of rector, holding that post for three years. Some of his notable students include Johann Nepomuk David, Richard Flury, Ivana Lang, Alois Melichar, Hisatada Otaka, Lucijan Marija Škerjanc, Paul Ulanowsky and Clara Wildschut. From 1931 to 1938 he was music critic for the Neues Wiener Journal and following World War II he was critic for the Wiener Zeitung.

A collection of Marx's criticisms and essays, Betrachtungen eines romantischen Realisten was published in Vienna in 1947. Just before he died he published a book on acoustics, tonality, aesthetics and musical philosophy entitled Weltsprache Musik (Vienna, 1964).

As a composer Marx is chiefly remembered for his vocal music, particularly his more than 150 lieder. Although most of his songs used piano accompaniment, about two dozen of them used symphonic accompaniment. His style is characterized by Slavonic and Italian elements, often with an impressionistic kind of lyricism. His output in the 1920s and early 1930s was focused on orchestral works, followed by a period devoted primarily to chamber music for the remainder of his career. In an interview given to Elyse Mach ("Great Contemporary Pianists Speak for Themselves"; Dover Books on Music), Jorge Bolet said that the "Romantic Piano Concerto" by Joseph Marx was his favorite among the great virtuoso concertos because of the enormous show of strength required from the soloist.

Marx died in his home city of Graz, aged 82.

Works
Joseph Marx was mostly known for his significant contributions to the late Romantic and early modernist music eras. During his time in Vienna, Marx studied composition under the guidance of prominent composers such as Alexander von Zemlinsky and Guido Adler. He also became influenced by the works of Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler, whose rich and lush musical language had a lasting impact on his own compositions. Some of his notable compositions during this period include:

 Symphony No. 1 in E Major Op. 26: This was Marx's first composition in reflections to the influence of late romantic composers like Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler.
 Herbstsymphonie (Autumn Symphony) in E Major, Op: 44: This symphony, completed in 1919, is one of Marx's most renowned works. It captures the autumnal atmosphere with lush harmonies and evocative orchestration.
 "Nature's Pilgramage" (Natur-Trilogie): A Trilogy of orchestral symphonic poems including "Frühling" (Spring) Op. 63, "Herbst" (Autumn) Op. 66, and "Winter" Op. 67. These pieces vividly depict the changing seasons and showcase Marx's skill in orchestration.

Vocal works
Choral music:
 Ein Neujahrshymnus (A New Year's Hymn) for mixed chorus and orchestra (1914)
 Berghymne (Mountain Hymn) for mixed chorus and orchestra (1910)
 Herbstchor an Pan (Autumn Chorus to Pan) for mixed chorus, boys' chorus, organ and orchestra (1911)
 Morgengesang (Morning Chant) for male chorus and orchestra (1910)
 Abendweise (Evening Melody) for male chorus, brass orchestra, timpani and organ (1912)
 Gesang des Lebens (Song of Life) for male chorus and organ (1914)

Songs/Orchestral songs
 approx. 150 Lieder such as Nachtgebet and Marienlied, two dozen of which are also available as orchestral songs
Verklärtes Jahr (Transfigured Year) for medium voice and orchestra (orchestral song cycle, 1932, also available with piano accompaniment)

Instrumental works
Orchestral music:
 Eine Herbstsymphonie (Autumn Symphony, 1921)
 Eine symphonische Nachtmusik (Symphonic Night Music, 1922)
 Idylle - Concertino über die pastorale Quart (1925)
 Eine Frühlingsmusik (Spring Music, 1925)
 Nordland-Rhapsodie (Nordic Rhapsody, 1929)
 Alt-Wiener Serenaden (Old Vienna Serenades, 1941)
 Sinfonia in modo classico for string orchestra (1944)
 Partita in modo antico for string orchestra (1945)
 Feste im Herbst (Autumnal Revelries, 1946)

Concertos:
 "Romantic Piano Concerto" in E major (1919–20)
 "Castelli Romani" for piano and orchestra in E-flat major (1929–30)

Other works
 Six piano pieces (1916)
String Quartet in A major (1936, rev. in 1948 as Quartetto Chromatico)
Quartetto in modo antico (1938)
Quartetto in modo classico (1941)
Two violin sonatas
Works for cello and piano
"Trio-Phantasie"
Three works for piano quartet
Organ pieces
Unpublished piano pieces
Works for voice and chamber ensemble

References

External links
 www.joseph-marx-society.org - Official website of the Joseph Marx Society
 www.joseph-marx.org - Huge website on the composer Joseph Marx

1882 births
1964 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century male musicians
Austrian male classical composers
Austrian Romantic composers
Composers for piano
Composers from Graz
People from the Duchy of Styria
University of Graz alumni
19th-century male musicians

Joseph Marx


Methapyrilene is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the pyridine chemical class which was developed in the early 1950s. It was sold under the trade names Co-Pyronil and Histadyl EC. It has relatively strong sedative effects, to the extent that its primary use was as a medication for insomnia rather than for its antihistamine action. Together with scopolamine, it was the main ingredient in Sominex, Nytol, and Sleep-Eze. It also provided the sedative component of Excedrin PM. All of these products were reformulated in the late 1970s when methapyrilene was demonstrated to cause liver cancer in rats when given chronically.

See also
Thenalidine
Methaphenilene

References

Hepatotoxins
Sedatives
Thiophenes
Aminopyridines
H1 receptor antagonists

Methapyrilene


Louis Anthony Nix III (July 31, 1991 – February 27, 2021) was an American professional football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the  Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Nix was selected by the Houston Texans in the third round of the 2014 NFL Draft.

High school career
A native of Jacksonville, Florida, Nix attended William M. Raines High School, where he played football, basketball and competed in track & field. In high school football, he was an All-State defensive lineman. He recorded 50 tackles and 10 sacks as senior in 2009, and was named an all-First Coast pick as defensive lineman by the Florida Times-Union of Jacksonville. He tallied 19 combined sacks as a sophomore and junior in 2007 and 2008 helped Raines High School to 7–4 record and appearance in Florida state playoffs as sophomore in 2007. He also played basketball at William Raines. He was selected to play in the 2010 Under Armour All-America Game in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Regarded as a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Nix was ranked as the No. 7 defensive tackle of his class. He accepted a scholarship offer from Notre Dame over offers from Miami (FL), Florida State and Florida.

College career
After not playing as a freshman in 2010, Nix started 11 games as a sophomore in 2011, recording 45 tackles. In 2012, Nix started 11 out of 13 games, recording 50 tackles, including seven and a half for a loss, and two sacks. On December 17, 2012, Nix announced that he would resume his college tenure for his senior season.

In 2013, Nix started the first 7 games of the season, before sitting out games against the Air Force and Navy as he was dealing with knee tendonitis. He returned the following week in a game against Pittsburgh. On November 21, 2013, after having arthroscopic surgery to repair a torn meniscus in his knee, it was announced that he would miss the remainder of the season plus the bowl game. He finished his senior season with 27 tackles, including two for loss.

Professional career
On December 6, 2013, Nix signed with agents Todd France and Brian Ayrault.

Houston Texans
Nix was drafted by the Houston Texans in the third round (83rd overall) of the 2014 NFL Draft. On May 16, 2014, he was signed to a $2.85-million contract by the Texans, including a signing bonus of $575,252. Nix underwent a second knee surgery during the off-season and missed workouts as well as most of training camp. His rookie season prematurely ended after he underwent a third knee surgery on September 24, 2014. He was unable to play any games during his time with Houston. Nix was released by the Texans on September 4, 2015.

New York Giants
On September 6, 2015, Nix was claimed off waivers by the New York Giants. On September 8, 2015, he failed his physical and was waived. On September 9, 2015, Nix was re-signed by the Giants. He was waived again on November 7, 2015. On November 10, 2015, he was re-signed to the Giants' practice squad. On January 6, 2016, Nix signed a reserve/future contract with the Giants. On September 3, 2016, he was released by the Giants.

Washington Redskins
The Washington Redskins signed Nix to their practice squad on September 5, 2016. On September 19, 2016, he was released from the practice squad.

Jacksonville Jaguars
Nix was signed to the Jacksonville Jaguars practice squad on October 25, 2016. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Jaguars on January 4, 2017. On May 15, 2017, he was released by the Jaguars.

Personal life
Nix called himself "Irish Chocolate."

On December 8, 2020, Nix was shot during an armed robbery at a Jacksonville gas station while he was putting air in his car tires. He survived the incident.

Nix was reported missing on February 24, 2021. His car was found in a pond near his apartment in Jacksonville, and he was subsequently found dead on February 27, three days after being reported missing. The cause of death subsequently ruled to be drowning by the medical examiner. Alcohol was found in his system.

See also
List of solved missing person cases
List of unsolved deaths

References

External links

Notre Dame Fighting Irish bio
Notre Dame's big advantage: Notre Dame's Louis Nix is larger than life
Nix brings larger-than-life personality to Irish: Nose guard/YouTube star finally finding his comfort zone in South Bend

1991 births
2020s missing person cases
2021 deaths
American football defensive tackles
American shooting survivors
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Formerly missing people
Houston Texans players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Missing person cases in Florida
New York Giants players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
Players of American football from Jacksonville, Florida
Under Armour All-American football players
Washington Redskins players
William M. Raines High School alumni

Louis Nix


The Economy of Azerbaijan is based on industry, agriculture, and on services including tourism. The energy sector based on the large reserves of crude oil and natural gas, is the main source of economic growth in Azerbaijan today, though half of the Azerbaijani people earn their income directly or indirectly through services and a third earn their income through agriculture. The energy boom has led to massive foreign direct investment and the growth rate of the Azerbaijani economy is one of the world's highest.

After gaining independence in 1991 with the end of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan made the long and difficult change from a command economy to a market economy. The government has largely completed privatization of agricultural lands and small, medium and large stateowned companies. Azerbaijan is continuing making economic reforms, and old economic ties and structures have been slowly replaced. With independence, Azerbaijan became a member of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Islamic Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Azerbaijan's currency is the Azerbaijani manat (AZN) which is divided into 100 qəpik. It became the national currency in 1992 and replaced the old Soviet ruble. The Central Bank of Azerbaijan was created in 1992. The Central Bank serves as Azerbaijan's central bank, and is responsible for printing and distributing the national currency, the Azerbaijani manat, and to control all commercial banks.

Industry
Azerbaijan is rich in natural resources which provide energy, especially in crude oil and natural gas, and hydroelectricity and wind power. Other natural resources include minerals such as gold, silver, iron, copper, titanium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, complex ore and antimony which are mined. Crude oil and natural gas, are the most important products of Azerbaijan's economy and the main sources of export contributing to its economic growth. They are also the basis for an widespread system of refineries, which produce gasoline, herbicides, fertilizers, kerosene, synthetic rubber, and plastics. The oil and natural gas are carried through pipelines from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea ports of Novorossiysk in Russia and Suspa in Georgia and to the Mediterranean Sea port Ceyhan in Turkey. Hydroelectric power plants supply 20% of the country's electric capacity and wind power production is slowly increasing. Other major industries include cement, fertiliser, steel, chemicals, automobiles, and machinery.

Agriculture
Agriculture is a small part of the economy which contributes only 6% of the GDP of Azerbaijan but employs 38.3% of the workforce. 21.78% of the total land area is arable land (land where crops can be cultivated (grown)) and 2.1% are used for permanent crops (crops which last for many seasons, rather than being replanted after each harvest). 16.45% of the total land area, which makes up the majority of Azerbaijan's cultivated lands, is irrigated. The major crops for are agricultural cash crops, grapes,cotton, tobacco, citrus fruits, rice, tea and vegetables. Livestock, dairy products, and wine and spirits are also important farm products. Farms in Azerbaijan are organized as state and cooperative farms which employ many farmers, and small private farms which are owned and run by one farmer and his/her family. A leading caviar producer and exporter in the past, Azerbaijan's fishing industry today is concentrated on the dwindling supply of sturgeon and beluga in the Caspian Sea.

Tourism
Tourism is an important part of the economy of Azerbaijan. The country was a well-known tourist spot in the 1980s, yet, after the fall of the Soviet Union and the Nagorno-Karabakh War during the 1990s, damaged the tourist industry and the image of Azerbaijan as a tourist destination. It was not until the 2000s that the tourism industry began to recover, and the country has since experienced a high rate of growth in the number of tourist visits and overnight stays. In the recent years, Azerbaijan has also becoming a popular destination for religious, spa, and health care tourism. During winter, the ski resorts such as Shahdag Winter Complex are popular with foreign visitors.

Related pages
 Azerbaijani manat
 Central Bank of Azerbaijan
 Baku Stock Exchange
 Agriculture in Azerbaijan

Other websites

 Ministry of Finance, Republic of Azerbaijan
 Ministry of Economic Development, Republic of Azerbaijan
 Ministry of Industry and Energy, Republic of Azerbaijan
 Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Azerbaijan
 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan
 Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Azerbaijan
 Ministry of Taxes, Republic of Azerbaijan

References

Economy of Azerbaijan


Sutton St Edmunds is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about  south-east from the town of Spalding.

Sutton St Edmunds was a chapelry to the parish of Long Sutton until 1866. The parish includes the hamlet of Throckenholt.

The parish church is a red-brick Grade II listed building dedicated to Saint Edmund. It was completely rebuilt in 1795, and has 19th-century alterations and extensions. It was extended again in 1987.

The village has a village hall.

Guarnock House is a red-brick Grade II listed building. It was built in 1699 and has a 20th-century roof.

Sutton St Edmunds school was built in 1896 by Sutton St Edmunds School Board. It became a council school in 1903. It was known as Sutton St Edmund Chapel End School in the 20th century. It closed in 1969–70.

Throckenholt Priory was sited here. It was a hermitage and chapel in existence from at least  1107–1540. It was granted to Thorney Abbey by Nigel, Bishop of Ely.

References

External links

Sutton St Edmund Parish Council
Sutton St Edmund Roll of Honour

Villages in Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
South Holland, Lincolnshire

Sutton St Edmund


Frank H. Ono (June 5, 1923 – May 6, 1980) was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life
Ono was born in Colorado.  His parents were immigrants from Japan. He was a Nisei, which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
Ono joined the US Army in September 1943.

He volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

For his actions in July 1944, Ono  was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Ono's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Ono's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1944.  He held an advance position alone. He treated wounded men; and he remained behind to provide covering fire as his unit withdrew.

The words of Ono's citation explain:
Private First Class Frank H. Ono distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 4 July 1944, near Castellina, Italy. In attacking a heavily defended hill, Private First Class Ono's squad was caught in a hail of formidable fire from the well-entrenched enemy. Private First Class Ono opened fire with his automatic rifle and silenced one machine gun 300 hundred yards to the right front. Advancing through incessant fire, he killed a sniper with another burst of fire, and while his squad leader reorganized the rest of the platoon in the rear, he alone defended the critical position. His weapon was then wrenched from his grasp by a burst of enemy machine pistol fire as enemy troops attempted to close in on him. Hurling hand grenades, Private First Class Ono forced the enemy to abandon the attempt, resolutely defending the newly won ground until the rest of the platoon moved forward. Taking a wounded comrade's rifle, Private First Class Ono again joined in the assault. After killing two more enemy soldiers, he boldly ran through withering automatic, small arms, and mortar fire to render first aid to his platoon leader and a seriously wounded rifleman. In danger of being encircled, the platoon was ordered to withdraw. Volunteering to cover the platoon, Private First Class Ono occupied virtually unprotected positions near the crest of the hill, engaging an enemy machine gun emplaced on an adjoining ridge and exchanging fire with snipers armed with machine pistols. Completely disregarding his own safety, he made himself the constant target of concentrated enemy fire until the platoon reached the comparative safety of a draw. He then descended the hill in stages, firing his rifle, until he rejoined the platoon. Private First Class Ono's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
 Posthumous recognition

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov

1923 births
1980 deaths
Military people from Colorado
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II

Frank Ono


Beckley is a hamlet in Hampshire, England. It lies in the civil parish of Bransgore.

Beckley is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, when it was held by "Nigel the doctor" from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. Before 1066 it was held by Holmger. The manor was known as Bichelei in 1086, and Beckele in 1294.  The name means Beocca's or Bicca's clearing, and may be related to the Domesday manor of Becton found to the east of Barton on Sea. Today Beckley is still a small settlement clustered around Beckley Farm.

References

External links

Hamlets in Hampshire
New Forest District

Beckley, Hampshire


Andrew Broder (April 16, 1845 – January 4, 1918) was an Ontario farmer, merchant and political figure. He represented Dundas in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1886 and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1911 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Franklin, Huntingdon County, Canada East in 1845, the son of Irish immigrants. He was educated at academies in Huntingdon and Malone, New York. Broder served in the militia during the time of the Fenian raids. He settled at West Winchester, Ontario in 1868 and set up in business there as a merchant. His election in 1875 was appealed but he was reelected in the by-election that followed and represented Dundas in the provincial assembly for eleven years. Broder was a customs agent at Morrisburg from 1892 to 1896, resigning this post to run for a seat in the House of Commons. He married Caroline Summers and his son Fred later became customs collector at Morrisburg.

He was the maternal uncle of Aaron Sweet, who also served as MPP for Dundas.

External links

The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1897 JA Gemmill
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry : a history, 1784-1945, JG Harkness (1946)

1845 births
1918 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People of the Fenian raids
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs

Andrew Broder


José Guardiola Díaz de Rada, (22 October 1930 – 9 April 2012) was a Spanish singer of popular music who sang in Spanish and Catalan.

Guardiola was born in Barcelona. He performed and recorded mostly Spanish versions of foreign songs and reached his maximum fame in Spain and Latin America in the early 1960s with versions of songs like "Sixteen Tons", "Mack the Knife" and "Ya Mustafa". He was known as the Spanish Crooner due to his style and the types of songs he sang.  He represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963, placing 12th. At that time he also sang a few songs with his infant daughter. He retired in 2008.

Discography
 Navidad EP with the Hermanas Serrano

References

 "José Guardiola recibe un homenaje por sus 80 años" (Spanish), 14 December 2009, by Juan Soto Vinolo, El Periodico.

1930 births
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Spain
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1963
2012 deaths
20th-century Spanish musicians
20th-century Spanish male singers
20th-century Spanish singers

José Guardiola


Loganin is one of the best-known of the iridoid glycosides. It is named for the Loganiaceae, having first been isolated from the seeds of a member of that plant family, namely those of Strychnos nux-vomica. It also occurs in Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae), a medicinal tree of West Africa and in the medicinal/entheogenic shrub Desfontainia spinosa (Columelliaceae) native to Central America and South America.

Biosynthesis
Loganin is formed from loganic acid by the enzyme loganic acid O-methyltransferase (LAMT).  Loganin then becomes a substrate for the enzyme secologanin synthase (SLS) to form secologanin, a secoiridoid monoterpene found as part of ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids.

References

Iridoid glycosides
Cyclopentanes

Loganin


Joseph Singer, K.C., (1890 – November 22, 1967) was a Toronto city councillor, lawyer and prominent figure in the city's Jewish community. He was the third Jewish candidate to be elected to Toronto City Councillor, and the first Jew to win citywide election to the Toronto Board of Control.

Singer was born in Toronto, Ontario in 1890. He was educated at Osgoode Hall Law School where he was a gold medallist and also won the first VanKoughnet scholarship in 1911. A lawyer, he was vice-president of the Federated Jewish Philanthropies in Toronto.

In 1915, Singer was elected the first president of the Jewish Political Association, an organization which attempted to encourage Jews to become involved in mainstream political parties as well as promote issues relating to immigration and civil rights.

He was first elected to Toronto City Council in 1920 representing Ward 4 which included the predominantly Jewish neighbourhood of Kensington Market. He was re-elected as an alderman in the 1921 and 1922 municipal elections. In 1923 he won citywide office by being elected to the powerful Toronto Board of Control. He was nominated as a candidate to be Mayor of Toronto but did not run in order not to split the opposition to Tommy Church and did not run for any office in the January 1924 municipal election. He returned to City Council in the 1925 municipal election as Alderman for Ward 3 which included the original Jewish neighbourhood of The Ward. He ran in the 1925 federal election as a Liberal but was defeated in the riding of Toronto West Centre and returned to his legal practice.

He remained active in the Liberal Party and ran for the party's nomination in Toronto West Centre prior to the 1930 federal election but withdrew in favour of Alderman Sam Factor who went on to be elected to parliament.

His brother, Abraham Singer, ran for city council from Ward 4 in 1931 but was defeated.

His son, Vernon Singer, served as reeve of North York, Ontario, ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party and served as a member of the Ontario legislature from 1959 to 1977, including a period as deputy leader in the early 1970s.

Singer died at the age of 77 at Toronto's Mount Sinai Hospital.

See also
Louis Singer

References

1890 births
1967 deaths
Jewish Canadian politicians
Toronto city councillors
Lawyers in Ontario
Jewish Canadian history

Joseph Singer (politician)


Christian Theodor Weinlig (July 25, 1780 – March 7, 1842) was a German music teacher, composer, and choir conductor, active in Dresden and Leipzig.

Biography
Born in Dresden, Weinlig initially studied and then practised law until 1803. He then began musical training with his uncle Christian Ehregott Weinlig, with whom he studied for two years before travelling to Bologna to study with Stanislao Mattei in 1806. He was a member of the Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna. From 1814 to 1817, he worked as Cantor of the Kreuzkirche in Dresden. In 1823, he became Cantor of the Thomanerchor in Leipzig, an office he kept until his death.

Among his most well-known pupils were pianist Clara Schumann and composer Richard Wagner; he taught Wagner at Saint Thomas school in Leipzig.

In 1877, Wagner recalled Weinlig's teaching style to Edward Dannreuther:

References

Sources

1780 births
1842 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century German composers
19th-century German male musicians
German conductors (music)
German male classical composers
German male conductors (music)
German Romantic composers
Musicians from Dresden
Thomaskantors

Christian Theodor Weinlig


The Regionalliga Ost is one of three third level leagues in Austrian football.The Regionalliga is the highest league in Austrian amateur football. The league was reintroduced in the 1984-85 season. It covers the Austrian states of Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vienna. The champion of the league plays relegation versus the 9th of the Austrian football first league. The champion of the 2010/11 season was ESV Parndorf. The club failed in the relegation matches versus First Vienna FC.

Teams of the 2022/23 season
USV Scheiblingkirchen-Warth
1. Wiener Neustädter SC
SC Neusiedl/See 1919
 	ASV Draßburg
SV Leobendorf
FC Marchfeld Donauauen
FCM Traiskirchen
Kremser SC
SR Donaufeld
 	FC Mauerwerk
Wiener Sport-Club
TWL Elektra
SC Wiener Viktoria
 	ASV Siegendorf
ASK-BSC Bruck/Leitha
SC Columbia Floridsdorf

References

Football leagues in Austria

Regionalliga Ost


Let's Go Collegiate is a 1941 American musical comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and produced by Monogram Pictures. It was released as Farewell to Fame in the United Kingdom.

Plot summary
Frankie (Frankie Darro) is the coxswain on the rowing team at Rawley University. His friend Tad (Jackie Moran) is a stroke on the crew, president of the Kappa Psi Delta fraternity, and leader of the campus swing band. Rawley's administrators are eagerly awaiting the arrival of renowned athletic star Bob Terry. Tad learns that Terry has been drafted to the army and will not be joining the crew, nor will he be attending the party welcoming him. Frankie and Tad don't have the hearts to tell their girlfriends Midge (Gale Storm) and Bess (Marcia Mae Jones), who have worked hard to prepare the party, and instead look for a replacement for Bob for the evening. They find truck driver Hercules "Herk" Bevans (Frank Sully) loading a safe onto his truck singlehanded. After some convincing, Herk reluctantly accepts the offer to pose as Bob. Herk enjoys the party and flirts with both Bess and Midge, using guttersnipe slang in  contrast to the actual students. He decides to stay on campus and join the team as "Bob Terry," despite his aversion to boats. Frankie cures Herk's nautical nausea with seasick pills.

The fraternity gang of Frankie, Tad, Buck (Keye Luke), and Jeff (Mantan Moreland) work frantically behind the scenes to keep the fake Terry on the team. They coach him not to make social errors with his uncultured speech, and they tutor him in his homework so thoroughly that they themselves risk failing their college courses. Bess breaks up with Tad and lets him know that she is going to marry "Bob Terry." Midge breaks up with Frankie as well, giving the same reason.

On the day of the regatta, Bess and Midge learn of their mutual engagement to Herk. During the race, Frankie runs out of seasick pills and gives Herk moth balls instead. This energizes Herk tremendously and the crew wins. After the race, Herk is arrested for bank robbery. Frankie and Tad reunite with their girlfriends, and explain that "Bob Terry" has been drafted. As Herk is led away, an announcer explains that Terry will be spending the next few years "in federal service."

Cast
Frankie Darro as Frankie Monahan
Marcia Mae Jones as Bess Martin
Jackie Moran as Tad
Keye Luke as Buck Wing
Mantan Moreland as Jeff
Frank Sully as Hercules "Herk" Bevans
Gale Storm as Midge
Billy Griffith as Prof. Whitaker
Barton Yarborough as Coach Walsh
Frank Faylen as Speed
Marguerite Whitten as Malvina
Paul Maxey as Bill Miller
Tristram Coffin as Slugger Wilson
Gene O'Donnell as Announcer
Jackie Moran's Band as Orchestra
Marvin Jones as Homer (uncredited)

Soundtrack
 Gale Storm - "Look What You've Done to Me"
 Jackie Moran, Marcia Mae Jones, Mantan Moreland, and Marguerite Whitten - "Let's Do a Little Dreamin'"
 Gale Storm - "Sweet Sixteen"

Reception
Let's Go Collegiate received unusually good notices when first released. Motion Picture Herald raved, "This comedy with music, produced on a budget which wouldn't get the camera started on a so-called major lot, outstrips [most B pictures] in point of freshness, spirit, liveliness, humor, and the essentials of entertainment generally... Millions have been spent on less worthwhile college plots with a fraction of the results obtained with this one."

References

External links

1941 films
1941 musical comedy films
1941 romantic comedy films
American musical comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American romantic musical films
American black-and-white films
1940s English-language films
Films set in universities and colleges
Rowing films
Monogram Pictures films
1940s romantic musical films
Films directed by Jean Yarbrough
1940s American films

Let's Go Collegiate


Swan Esther is a musical based on the Book of Esther.

It was written in 1982 by Jack Edward Oliver (words) and Nick Munns (music).

A professional production was staged by the Young Vic in January 1984. Swan Esther has also been performed by a number of amateur companies.

The original soundtrack was published on CD in May 2014 on the Stage Door record label.

References

1982 musicals
Cultural depictions of Esther
British musicals
Musicals based on the Bible

Swan Esther


Vaastav: The Reality is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language action film written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar in his directorial debut, and starring Sanjay Dutt, Namrata Shirodkar, and Sanjay Narvekar. It features Mohnish Behl, Paresh Rawal, Reema Lagoo and Shivaji Satam in supporting roles.

"The Reality" as described by the film's tagline, refers to the harsh realities of life in the Mumbai underworld. The film is said to be loosely based on the life of Mumbai underworld gangster Chhota Rajan.

The film released on 7 October 1999. It very well received by both critics and audiences, and it was extremely successful both in India and overseas. It was nominated for and won many awards. At Filmfare Awards, It was nominated in many category including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor. Sanjay Dutt won his first ever best actor award at Filmfare out of his four nominations in his career, regarded by critics unanimously amongst being one of Indian cinema's most memorable onscreen characters. Over the years, it has become a cult film.

The film was remade into Telugu as Bhavani (2000), in Kannada as Bhagavan Dada (2000) and in Tamil language as Don Chera (2006). It was followed by the 2002 sequel Hathyar. In 2013, it was dubbed in Bhojpuri as Tohar Ko Thok Debe.

Plot
Vaastav opens with a family performing the funeral rites of a person at a beach. When the young son of the deceased asks his grandmother about the deceased, she begins to narrate the story.

As the film opens, Raghunath Namdev Shivalkar alias "Raghu" and his best friend Chandrakant a.k.a "Dedh Footiya" (literally meaning "One and a half feet tall" in Hindi) struggle to find work in Mumbai. Raghu lives in a chawl with his retired father Namdev, mother Shanta and a graduate but unemployed brother Vijay. They decide to run a pav bhaji stall. They work diligently and are earning good profits. The business seems to be working out very well before the brother of a local goon Fracture Bandya and his men start visiting their stall. Continuously for somedays Fracture Bandya's men visit the stall in a drunken state and abuse Dedh Footiya. Raghu tells Dedh Footiya to not get involved in any argument with them. But one day, Fracture Bandya's men beat up Dedh Footiya badly. Unable to keep their emotions and anger in the face of abuse continuously for days, Raghu and Dedh Footiya accidentally kill Fracture Bandya's brother. Now on the run, the two of them soon kill Fracture Bandya and his men also, when the latter tries to find them and kill them both treacherously by arranging a meeting through Suleiman Bhai, a middle man in the Mumbai underworld. Raghu and Dedh Footiya now end up in the Mumbai underworld.

Vitthal Kaanya, a rival gang lord, offers Raghu and Dedh Footiya protection and later hires them both as hitmen. Raghu becomes a respected hitman, with Dedh Footiya as his accomplice. With Raghu in his gang, Vitthal Kaanya hits a peak in the Mumbai underworld. Later, Raghu is approached by the home minister Babban Rao and who asks Raghunath to work for him and uses Raghunath for his criminal activities. Raghu agrees, much against the wishes of Assistant Inspector Kishore Kadam, a best friend of Raghu, who continues to help him by advising him and providing inside information. Vitthal Kaanya is soon killed by rival gangsters.

While Babban Rao relies on Raghunath, there are some others who despise Raghunath and are waiting in the sidelines to see when he makes an error. Raghunath does so, and Babban Rao is soon under serious pressure from the public and government. He issues a shoot-to-kill warrant for Raghunath. Dedh Footiya is killed in an encounter in order to take out Raghu from the hiding as he and Dedh Footiya killed a Parsi man. Then Kishore informs Raghu that the police have been ordered to kill him in an "encounter". Raghu is now on the run, both from the police and Babban Rao's men. Raghunath knows now that he must protect his wife, parents, and family, as they too are in danger. He realizes that there is no escape from this harsh reality. He arranges to meet Babban Rao with the help of Suleiman Bhai and kills Babban Rao as he would spoil others' lives like his in the future. In the process, Suleiman Bhai is also killed in an attempt to save Raghu.

Unable to save himself from the police, Raghu returns to his home and tells his mother to save him. He apparently has lost his mental balance, become crazy and starts hallucinating. His mother takes him away to safety. He tells her to take his gun and kill him, so she remembers how Raghu had once taught her how to use a gun, pulls the trigger and kills him.

As the film ends, the family is seen fulfilling the annual rites of Raghu on the Mumbai beach, as the film had begun, with Raghu's mother explaining all that happened to her young grandson and prays that his sins must be pardoned.

Cast

 Sanjay Dutt as Raghunath "Raghu" Namdev Shivalkar
 Namrata Shirodkar as Sonia "Sonu" Shivalkhar, Raghu's wife
 Deepak Tijori as Sub-Inspector Kishore Kadam (Kisha)
 Sanjay Narvekar as Chandrakant "Dedh Footiya" Kumar
 Mohnish Bahl as Vijaykanth Namdev Shivalkhar, Raghu's brother
 Ekta Sohini as Pooja Shivalkar, Vijay's wife
 Shivaji Satam as Namdev Shivalkar, Raghu's father
 Reema Lagoo as Shanta Shivalkar, Raghu's mother
 Usha Nadkarni as Gayatri Devi, Dedh Footiya's mother
 Paresh Rawal as Suleiman bhai (Mandavali Baadshah)
 Mohan Joshi as Home Minister Babban Rao Kadam
 Ashish Vidyarthi as Vitthal Kaanya
 Himani Shivpuri as Laxmi Akka, Bordello Madam
 Mahesh Manjrekar as himself in a song
 Jack Gaud as Fracture Bandya
 Ganesh Yadav as Chhota Fracture
 Kishore Nandlaskar as Kamalkant Kumar, Dedh Footiya's father (drunkard)
 Achyut Potdar as Chacha, an old Muslim man who is murdered by Dedh Footiya
 Anand Abhyankar as a Parsi Man
 Bharat Jadhav as Raghu's friend
 Makarand Anaspure as Raghu's friend
 Satish Rajwade as Satya
 Atul Kale as Bhopu
 Nilesh Divekar as Raghu's friend
 Dhananjay Mandrekar as Commissioner of Police
 Jayant Savarkar as Pandit
 Kashmera Shah as an item number 'Jawani Se'

Soundtrack

Accolades

Legacy
Reviewing the film for Rediff.com, Suparn Verma compared its theme to Hollywood films Scarface (1983), The Godfather (1972), and Indian films such as Satya (1998), Nayakan (1987) and Agneepath (1990). He felt the film offered "no new insight into the underworld" and added that it was "fast-paced and taut at times". However, he felt the film was "well shot and edited" and criticized the "lengthy dialogues". He concluded commending the acting performance of Sanjay Dutt and called it "one of the best performances of his career". He added, "From an easy-going guy to a broken man -- the role is essayed with great care by him, maintaining a consistency throughout." Mukhtar Anjoom of Deccan Herald felt Dutt, who looked "terrific", couldn't "hold the excitement for long" due to the "shaky screenplay".

Notes

References

External links

1999 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Films set in Mumbai
Films shot in Mumbai
Films about organised crime in India
Films scored by Jatin–Lalit
Films directed by Mahesh Manjrekar
Indian gangster films
Indian action films
Indian crime drama films
Hindi films remade in other languages
Hindi-language films based on actual events
Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police

Vaastav: The Reality


Turgenevskaya () is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro.

Name
It was named after Turgenevskaya Square, to which the entrances to the station lead; the square itself was named after a Russian novelist and playwright Ivan Turgenev.

Design
The station was designed by Ivan Taranov, Yu. Vdovin, and I. Petukhova and opened on 5 January 1972. Turgenevskaya has simple white marble pylons which follow the curve of the station tube and a ceiling composed of reinforced plastic panels. Metal cornices run the length of the station along the base of the ceiling. The walls, which are faced with white and black marble, are decorated with chased brass panels by Kh. Rysin and D. Bodniek.

Transfers
From this station, passengers can transfer to Sokolnicheskaya Line at Chistye Prudy station and to Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line at Sretensky Bulvar station.

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1971
Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line
1971 establishments in the Soviet Union
Ivan Turgenev
Railway stations located underground in Russia

Turgenevskaya


The Amos G. Winter House is a historic house on Winter's Hill in Kingfield, Maine.   Built in the mid-1890s, it is a particularly elegant example of Colonial Revival architecture in a remote inland community.  The house was designed by Francis and Freelan Stanley, multi-talented twins best known for development of the Stanley Steamer, and the house's original heating system was designed around a railroad engine boiler.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Description and history
The Winter House is set on a hill north of the small village center of Kingfield and just south of the West Branch Carrabasset River.  The hill affords fine views of the village and the Western Maine Mountains.  It is a roughly square wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and a stone foundation.  Its front facade is symmetrical, with rounded two-story bays flanking the center entrance, which is sheltered by a portico supported by groups of fluted columns, with a dentillated cornice beneath its hip roof.  The entrance itself is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a half-oval fanlight window, with pilasters matching the columns where the portico joins the wall.  The rounded bays have curved three-part windows, with narrow sashes flanking large picture windows.  Three hip-roof dormers pierce the front roof line.  The main block of the house is flanked on either side by lower wings.  The interior has retained much of its original decorative work despite a variety of adaptive reuses of the building over time.

The house was built for Amos G. Winter, a local grain merchant and owner of a general store.  Winter was friends with the Stanley twins, who were also Kingfield natives.  Among the innovations the Stanleys put in the building were a steam-driven heating system whose centerpiece was a railroad engine boiler.  A steam-driven elevator was planned but not installed.  The house was occupied by the Winters until 1950, and was then adapted for use first as a doctor's office and clinic, then as a restaurant and inn, and later converted to multiunit residential use. In 2015 it was reopened as The Inn on Winter's Hill.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Maine

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Colonial Revival architecture in Maine
Houses completed in 1896
Houses in Franklin County, Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Maine

Amos G. Winter House


McCowan's Ltd was a Scottish confectionery company specialising in toffee and fudge. Their most famous product is Highland Toffee.

History
McCowan's originally began life as an aerated water business run by Andrew McCowan, His wife attempted to make some extra money on the side by selling toffee from the window of their house in Stenhousemuir (however the secret recipe was bought by McCowan in a pub from a man selling the toffee for a pint). The Toffee proved more successful than the Lemonade and soon became the primary family income.

Within 15 years, McCowan was producing a variety of confections including Tablet and later Rock, Snowballs, Lollypops and Macaroon were added to the company's products. But it was in the 1920s that McCowan began to produce the small toffee chews that would become the company's flagship confection - McCowan's Highland Toffee had arrived.

In the early years, Andrew worked from a shop in Church Street but in 1924 he opened a factory in its current location of Tryst Road. In 1951 Andrew died, and the company passed into the hands of his son Robert McCowan.
In 1959 Robert accepted an offer from the Nestlé company, yet still operated under its own brand

During the 1980s the company introduced the Wham Bar. Further development and an agreement with A.G. Barr also led to production of the Irn-Bru Bar.

In 1987 Nestlé merged with Rowntree's leading to a short term re-branding of McCowan's under the Nestlé-Rowntree name. In 1989 a Management Buyout occurred and the company once again became independent. In 1996 Dutch confectioner Phideas purchased the company, before the company became independent once more in 2003.

In 2005 the company was purchased by Graham Wallace and Andy Allan who later that year bought John Millar & Sons as a result McCowans ceased to exist as an independent company and merged with John Millar & Sons to become Millar McCowan
After this time the McCowans brand (separate from the McCowans company) transferred to firstly to The New McCowans Ltd then in October 2011 to Tangerine Confectionery.

Site is now demobilised and now lies a B&M with car park attached to a Tim Hortons. Stenhousemuir Stadium Ochilview is still in the street behind.

References

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20090223111608/http://www.millar-mccowan.com/

Scottish confectionery
Scottish brands
Food manufacturers of Scotland
Brand name confectionery
Companies based in Falkirk (council area)
Stenhousemuir

McCowan's


NINJA-IDE (from the recursive acronym: "Ninja-IDE Is Not Just Another IDE"), is a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) designed to build Python applications.

It provides tools to simplify Python software development and handles many kinds of situations thanks to its rich extensibility.

Features
Some of the current features of the IDE are:
 Light weight IDE
 Common functions such as: file handling, find in files code locator, go to line, tabs, automatic indentation, editor zoom, etc.
 Multi-platform: Linux, Windows, FreeBSD.
 Syntax highlighting for a wide variety of languages. Even though it is intended to be mainly a Python IDE, it can also handle several other languages.
 Static and PEP 8 error highlighting.
 Show tips to help migrate code from Python2 to Python3.
 Embedded Python console.
 Project management, allowing to add, modify and delete files and folders to projects, creating automatically the "__init__.py" files inside each module, etc.
 Allows showing/hiding the panels of the interface in a very simple way to fit each programmer's preferences.
 Completely configurable UI.
 Allows using more than one editor at once.
 An extensible plug-in system, which creation the IDE supports.
 Session handling: remembers opened files and projects after closing the IDE.
 Code Auto-completion.
 Code Locator: Lets you jump to any code in your project with just a few keystrokes.

Versions names
NINJA-IDE always takes its version name based on the name of a weapon.

Previous Versions:
 2.x: Shuriken
 1.x: Kunai

Some available plugins
Many plugins are being developed, mostly with the help of the Community.
A complete list of Plugins can be found here:
 NINJA-IDE Plugins

See also

 Comparison of integrated development environments for Python

References

External links

 Python IDE Wiki
 Python IDE (PyAr)
 Linux Magazine: Do Python coding with NINJA-IDE
 NINJA-IDE a powerful IDE for developing Python Apps
 NINJA-IDE, el ide que me atrapo
 NINJA-IDE, un IDE pensado para Python

Free integrated development environments
Free integrated development environments for Python
Free software programmed in Python
Python (programming language) software

Ninja-IDE


The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Jakarta is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Indonesia. The British Ambassador to Indonesia also serves as the non-resident Ambassador to Timor-Leste and also as British representative to ASEAN.

History

The original embassy was built in 1962, to the designs of Eric Bedford, Chief Architect at the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works. It was ransacked on 16 September 1963 when anti-British sentiment led to attacks on both the British and Malaysian Embassies.  During the attack, the assistant military attache Roderick Walker played bagpipes as a sign of defiance against the mob attack.

The old Embassy building on Jl. MH Thamrin in Central Jakarta, had increasingly become the target of protesters. In 2004, the Islam Defenders Front (FPI) knocked down the building's gate and pelted it with rotten eggs. The British government installed roadblocks at its two main access points, a move that was met with contempt from local residents. As a result of security issues the UK decided to seek a more suitable building.

The Embassy moved to its current location on Jl. Patra Kuningan Raya, South Jakarta in 2013 and was officially opened by Prince Andrew, Duke of York. It sits in grounds behind a secure gatehouse.

Other locations

Outside Jakarta, there is also a British Consulate in Bali where the senior officer is known as the Consul. The Embassy and Consulate also represent the British Overseas Territories.

See also
Indonesia–United Kingdom relations
List of diplomatic missions in Indonesia
List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Indonesia

References

Jakarta
United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Jakarta
Indonesia–United Kingdom relations

Embassy of the United Kingdom, Jakarta


The Tronoša Monastery () is a Serbian Orthodox monastery between the villages of Tršić and Korenita, in the administrative town of Loznica, in western Serbia. It is ecclesiastically part of the Eparchy of Šabac. According to tradition, the monastery was built by King Stefan Dragutin.

Location

The monastery is located  southeast of Loznica. It is situated in the forested area of the Korenita village. However, being also close to the village of Tršić and as the first school of a linguist and language reformer Vuk Stefanović Karadžić who was also from Tršić, the monastery is popularly connected to this village.

History

Old monastery

There are no proper historical records which confirm the origin of the monastery and everything known about it is according to the various traditional writings. The monastery was an endowment of King Stefan Dragutin.  However, he died in 1316 and the construction was finished by his widow, Queen Catherine in 1317. It was named after three rivers which confluence into one at the monastery (tri reke koje vodu nose, "three water bearing rivers"). The original edifice was looted and razed by the Ottoman Empire several times in the 14th and 15th centuries. It ended up being completely demolished and it is not known what the original monastery looked like.

Reconstruction
It was rebuilt on the foundations of the old monastery in 1559. The enterprise was headed by the hegumen Pajsije and monks Arsenije and Genadije. That same year, the Church of the Presentation of Mary was built. Just few years later, a school which transcribed and rewrote the old manuscripts was operational. As an act of retaliation for the attacks of the hajduks in the region, the Ottomans burned it in the early 1800s. It was renovated in 1834 and was painted by Mihailo Konstantinović from Bitola and Nikola Janković from Ohrid.

In 1791, a hieromonk Josif Tronošac transcribed the 1526 Tronoša Chronicle, the most important Serbian literary memorial in the first half of the 18th century. The copy of the chronicle is kept in the monastery, while the original is in Vienna.

World wars

Tronoša was badly damaged during the World War I. During the Battle of Cer in 1914, Serbian wounded soldiers were transported to the monastery for medical treatments. After Austria-Hungary occupied Serbia, their army burned the church books. The also destroyed or removed all doors in the complex, which were repaired only in 1923. In August 1941, a local Chetnik rebellion liberated Loznica ("the first town liberated from Germans in the occupied Europe") in the Battle of Loznica, and Tronoša's hegumen Georgije Bojić was active in the planning and conducting of the operation. as an aide to Veselin Misita, in charge of the attack. When German reoccupied the area in October 1941 they burned the monastery books and punched through one of the walls with the cannonball.

Today

In the vicinity of the monastery is the Chapel of the Saint Holy Martyr Pantaleon. Below the chapel is the ten-pipe concrete drinking fountain with cold, spring water. Both the chapel and the fountain were also destroyed several times through history. Traditionally, the original fountain is attributed to the mythological Jug Bogdan (based on the historical Vratko Nemanjić, though) and his nine sons, the Jugović brothers, hence the ten pipes. They built the chapel and the fountain in 1388 prior to the Battle of Kosovo. Modern chapel and the fountain were restored in 1968 when the fresco "Leaving to the Battle of Kosovo" was painted on the fountain. The fountain is called "The Fountain of the Nine Jugović".

One of the best known traditions in the monastery is the making of large "plowmen candles". Two are cast each year out of  of wax and are  tall. On the Maundy Thursday people gather in front of the monastery, bring the candles inside the church and light them in front of the icons of Jesus Christ and the Holy Mother of God. They are thought to help to preserve and enhance the harvest, hence the name. The custom of casting the candles and the ceremony of bringing them into the church and lighting them has been placed on the Serbian list of the intangible cultural heritage.

As Vuk Stefanović Karadžić learned to write in the monastery, "coming to school from the nearby Tršić through the forest", a section of the monastery is adapted into the "Museum of the Vuk's early schooling". Today, Tronoša is a female monastery. In 2017 it officially celebrated 700th anniversary.

The monastery has been protected since 22 December 1948 and was declared a cultural monument of great importance in 1979.

Architecture

The monastery was built in the Raška architectural school.  In terms of architectural and spatial traits, there is resemblance between the Uvac Monastery, Church of the Annunciation Monastery in Ovčar Banja, Pustinja Monastery, Dobrilovina Monastery, Majstorovina Monastery, Tronoša Monastery and others.

Saint Stefan of Tronoša

Archimandrite Stefan Jovanović was born in the nearby village of Tekeriš, on the Cer. He was a noted spiritual leader, patriot, rebel and the first teacher of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. He was especially active against the Turkification ("thanks to him, none of the Serbs east of the Drina river were Turkified"). When the famine struck the regions of Jadar and Rađevina, he came to the local Turks to ask for the help for the hungry people, but the Turks poisoned him. In 2017 Serbian Orthodox Church canonized him as the Venerable Stefan of Tronoša. Its day is 17 September and it is the official slava of the Eparchy of Šabac.

References

External links

Манастир Троноша, City of Loznica

1317 establishments in Europe
14th-century Serbian Orthodox church buildings
Religious organizations established in the 1310s
Christian monasteries established in the 14th century
Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Serbia
Loznica
Nemanjić dynasty endowments
Cultural Monuments of Great Importance (Serbia)

Tronoša Monastery


Stuart Thomson Gulliver (born 9 March 1959) is a British banker, and the former group chief executive of HSBC. He was succeeded on 21 February 2018 by John Flint.

Early life and education
He was born in Derby, England, in 1959. His father Philip was a legal executive, while his mother Jean was personal assistant to the senior engineer at a local dockyard. Gulliver went to grammar school in Plymouth, Devon.

Gulliver was an avid boxer while at Worcester College, Oxford, where he received a degree in jurisprudence (law). In a 2011 interview to Financial Times, Gulliver recalls his humble upbringing and his childhood aspiration, and said: "I wanted to be a barrister, but my parents couldn't afford it".

Professional career

Early career and HSBC (1980–2010)
In 1980, an HSBC executive serving in India urged him to join HSBC's elite international officer programme, as it was called at that time, which paved the way for his banking career. Gulliver worked his way up in treasury and capital markets divisions, rose through the ranks in the bank's Global banking and markets division, and held a number of key roles in the group's operations worldwide; including postings in London, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur and the United Arab Emirates.

Gulliver was appointed to run the Asian and treasury capital markets desks from Hong Kong in the mid 1990s. During the 1990s, Gulliver built HSBC's investment banking business in Hong Kong and turned HSBC's Asian markets business into one of the group's major money-spinners, even in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis. He served as the head of treasury and capital markets in Asia-Pacific from 1996 to 2012.

He was appointed a group general manager in 2000, and later he led the global markets division from 2002 to 2003. He moved back to London in early 2003 to co-head the group's global corporate, investment banking and markets division along with John Studzinski. In March 2004, he joined the group management board as a group managing director. Upon the departure of John Studzinski in 2006, he was appointed chief executive of global banking and markets and HSBC Global Asset Management in May 2006.

He was a director of HSBC North America Holdings Inc until May 2009; of HSBC Bank Middle East Ltd from February 2010 to May 2011; of HSBC Latin America Holdings (UK) Limited until December 2009.

He is deputy chairman of the supervisory committee of HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG (since September 2007; member since May 2006); non-executive chairman and a director of HSBC France since January 2009; and chairman of HSBC Private Banking Holdings (Suisse) SA since February 2010 (Director since September 2007).

He was made a director of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited in September 2006 and has been an executive director of HSBC Holdings plc since May 2008.

Group CEO of HSBC (2010–2018)
On 7 September 2010, Stephen Green, the then group chairman of HSBC, announced that he would step down, in order to accept the invitation of the UK Prime Minister to become Minister of State for Trade and Investment in January 2011. As a result of Stephen Green's decision to step down earlier than planned, Michael Geoghegan, the then group CEO of HSBC, announced his retirement and Stuart Gulliver, who led HSBC's investment-banking division since 2006, was appointed as the new Group CEO of HSBC Holdings plc, effective 1 January 2011.

He was also appointed the chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC Holdings plc.

In 2011, he was included in the 50 Most Influential ranking of Bloomberg Markets.

In 2014, he received a total of £7.6 million in pay and bonuses.

In October 2017, it was announced that he will be succeeded in February 2018 by John Flint.

Personal life
His primary residence is in Kensington in West London, where he lives with his Australian-born second wife, Amanda "Mandy" Henricks. He has three children from his first marriage. He officially lives in Hong Kong.

A 2017 tax tribunal case shows HMRC agreed that by 2002/2003 Gulliver had become non-domiciled by establishing a domicile of choice in Hong Kong, despite having returned to be resident in the UK again, for what was intended to be a period of two years. In 2015, HMRC opened an enquiry into his domicile status, since he had in fact remained UK resident.

The Guardian newspaper reported that Gulliver was a client of the scandal-ridden Panamanian lawfirm Mossack Fonseca, investing bonus payments through them.

References

1959 births
Living people
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
English bankers
English chief executives
English financial businesspeople
HSBC people
British expatriates in Hong Kong
People named in the Panama Papers

Stuart Gulliver


Chinese folk art or Chinese handcrafts are artistic forms inherited from a regional or ethnic scene in China.  Usually there are some variation between provinces.  Individual folk arts have a long history, and many traditions are still practiced today.  The general definition of folk art incorporates Chinese art forms that are not classified as Chinese fine art.

Chinese folk art is the ancient forms of art that originated in China. Some of these ancient art forms include jade carvings, performance art such as music and their respective instruments, textile art such as basket weaving, paper art and clothing.

Jade Carving
Jade is a semi-rare green mineral found in prominent use in Chinese art since prehistoric times. Carvings using jade have been a common elevated folk art in China. From objects such as masks to animals, jadealong with cheaper wood and bamboofound use in many works of art. At times, the highest quality jade has been esteemed more highly than gold, diamonds, or pearls. Due to the toughness of jade, it is believed that Chinese jade carvings were first carved into weapons such as swords, although it is unclear if the sword carvings were for ceremonial or utilitarian use. As time went on, jade was carved into many different shapes and forms. An important early example of jade carving were the circular disks known as bi, generally understood to represent the heavens in some fashion. By 3000 BC, jade was referred to yu (). By 206 BC, Xu Shena Chinese scholar under the Hanlisted the Five Virtues of Jade as benevolence, honesty, wisdom, integrity, and bravery. It further represents love, strength, purity, luck, and gentleness. Jade is also used in fengshui, adding harmony and balance to its space.

Basket weaving
Baskets are mainly woven with bamboo or plant stems.

Chinese kites
China is the birthplace of the kite, and Weifang is one of the chief places where Chinese kites originated. Kite-flying became prevalent in Weifang in the Song dynasty (960–1279).  By the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) kite-flying had become even more popular, and kite fairs on a rather large scale had appeared.  Kites were sold not only across Shandong, but also to Jiangsu, Fujian, Anhui and other places. The noted English scholar Joseph Needham listed kites in his book History of Science and Technology in China as one of the important contributions in science and technology that the Chinese introduced to Europe.

Food art

Sugar

Sugar painting   tánghuà) is a form of traditional Chinese folk art using hot, liquid sugar to create two dimensional objects on a marble or metal surface.

Sugar people  is a traditional Chinese form of folk art using hot, liquid sugar to create three-dimensional figures.

Flour figures
Mian Ren (Flour Figure) are made of coloured flours. Craftsmen used to travel with their tools to villages and towns to make and sell flour figures for a very basic income. Sometimes flour figures are used in dishes together with vegetable carvings.

Paper art

The first two forms of paper art began in the Han dynasty with Chinese paper cutting and Chinese paper folding, together with the hand fan and pinwheel (toy).

Chinese paper cutting (, jianzhi) is a type of folk art that has roots in China during the 6th century and is attributed to Cai Lun during the Han Dynasty.

Known to be very intricate with the use of negative space, paper cutting is used for mostly decorative reasons, appearing on mirrors, lanterns, walls, etc.

In most cities and Chinatowns, paper art will adorn many street corners, business fronts, and inside buildings.

Performances

Puppetry
One of the oldest forms of folk art is puppetry. Puppeteers use various kinds of puppets, including marionettes, glove puppets, rod puppets, cloth puppets and wire puppets in performances incorporating folk songs and dances over some dialogues. The subject matter is derived mainly from children's stories and fables.

Shadow play
Shadow plays are a form of puppetry that is performed by moving figures made of animal skins or cardboard held behind a screen lit by lamplight. The subject matter and singing style in shadow plays are closely related to Chinese opera, except without using live actors or actresses. This art style was passed down from master to apprentice until recently. The most common troupe roster is one puppeteer, one singer, and a band of musicians. Shadow puppetry was banned by the government in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution, but allowed back in the late 1970s.

Textile arts

Chinese knot

Chinese knotting () is a decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese folk art in the Tang and Song dynasty (AD 960–1279) in China. It was later popularized in the Ming. The art is also referred to as Chinese traditional decorative knots. One of the more traditional art forms, it creates decorative knot patterns. It was not practiced during the Culture Revolution, but nowadays it is very popular again.

Tiger-head shoes
Tiger-head shoes  are an example of traditional Chinese folk handicraft used as footwear for children. Their name comes from the toe cap, which looks like the head of a tiger.

Musical instruments

Bolang gu, a traditional Chinese pellet drum and toy.

Muyu, a rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, it is played by striking the top with a wooden stick; often used in Buddhist chanting.

See also
 Chinese art & fine art
 Han culture & Ethnic minorities of China
 Chinese games

References

Citations

Bibliography

 .

Folk art

Chinese folk art


Sangster's Original Jamaica Rum Cream Liqueur is a rum and cream based liqueur produced in Jamaica.  It was invented by Dr. Ian Sangster, who arrived in Jamaica in 1967 with a contract to lecture at the University of the West Indies.

Overview

Sangster left teaching to create a liqueur.  The ingredients are Jamaican rum blended with dairy cream and a mix of Jamaican fruits and spices.

Sangster's liqueur can be compared to Baileys Irish Cream, Kahlúa coffee liqueur and Carolans Irish Cream Liqueur. During the 2003 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, a comprehensive international spirits competition, Sangster's won a gold medal against these liqueurs.

The liqueur has an alcohol content at 17% alcohol by volume.

References

Cream liqueurs
Companies of Jamaica
Jamaican brands
Jamaican rum

Sangster's


James Henry "Jim" Webb, Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Virginia from 2007 to 2013. He is also an author and served as Secretary of the Navy from 1987 to 1988 under the Ronald Reagan administration. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Webb announced on November 19, 2014 that he is forming a committee to run for President of the United States in 2016. On July 2, 2015, Webb announced that we will run for president in 2016. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.

Early life
Webb was born in St. Joseph, Missouri. His father, James Henry Webb, served in the United States Air Force. His mother, Vera Lorraine Hodges, was a housewife. His family descended from Irish-Scots immigrants. Webb went to many schools in the U.S. and in England. He was raised in Bellevue, Nebraska.

Webb graduated from the University of Southern California, Georgetown University Law Center, and from the United States Naval Academy.

Early career

Committee on Veterans Affairs (1977-1981)

From 1977 to 1981, Webb worked on the staff of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. During this time, he also represented veterans pro bono. Webb also taught at the Naval Academy and was criticized for a 1979 article published in the Washingtonian magazine titled "Women Can't Fight" (see "Senate Election" below).

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs (1984-1987)
During the Reagan Administration, Webb served as the nation's first Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs from 1984 to 1987.

During his time as Assistant Secretary, Webb sought to reorganize the Marine Corps. He was gravely concerned with the disarray the Marines had fallen into post-Vietnam: drug use, racial infighting, and low morale within the Corps left him with the impression it was no longer America's premier fighting force.

United States Secretary of the Navy (1987-1988)
In 1987, he served as Secretary of the Navy, becoming the first Naval Academy graduate to serve as the civilian head of the Navy. As Navy Secretary, Webb pushed the appointment of Alfred M. Gray Jr. as Commandant of the Marine Corps, hoping that Gray could reshape the Corps into the elite unit it once was.

Webb resigned in 1988 after refusing to agree to reduce the size of the Navy. Webb had wished to increase the Navy to 600 ships. As revealed in The Reagan Diaries, President Ronald Reagan wrote on February 22, 1988: "I don't think Navy was sorry to see him go."

After his resignation, Webb earned his living primarily as an author and filmmaker. He won an Emmy Award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut.

United States Senator (2007-2013)
On February 7, 2006, he announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for the 2006 Senate race against incumbent Virginia Senator George Allen.

In the Democratic primary on June 13, 2006, Webb faced longtime businessman and lobbyist Harris Miller. Webb won with 53.5% of the vote, in a race with low turnout. On January 4, 2007, Webb was sworn into the 110th U.S. Senate, accompanied by Sen. John Warner, R-Va., a fellow former Secretary of the Navy; and former Virginia Democratic Sen. Chuck Robb, who held the same seat before losing to Allen.

On November 15, 2006, Senate majority-leader-in-waiting Harry Reid assigned Webb to three committees: the committees on Foreign Relations, Veterans' Affairs, and Armed Services.

On January 23, 2007, Webb delivered the Democratic response to the President's State of the Union address, focusing on the economy and Iraq.  Webb's speech drew positive reviews, and was regarded as one of the stronger State of the Union responses in recent memory. Webb, a decorated war veteran, spoke of his family's military past, his own passionate attachment to the military, and the way in which previous presidents had always attempted to ensure that all precautions had been taken when sending young Americans into harm's way.

On August 14, 2009 Webb visited Myanmar (Burma), seeing its junta's leader, Gen. Than Shwe, and also the pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who was under house arrest. During Webb's visit with Than Shwe, Webb negotiated the release and deportation of an imprisoned American, John Yettaw.

On February 9, 2011, Webb announced that he would not run for re-election of his Senate seat in 2012.

2016 presidential campaign

On November 19, 2014, Webb announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible bid for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016. He made the announcement via a video posted on his website, as well as on YouTube.

On June 15, 2015, Webb announced he would make a decision regarding a presidential bid by the end of the month. He made a formal announcement on July 2, 2015. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.

Personal life
Webb married Barbara Samorajczyk in 1968. They divorced in 1979. Then, Webb married Jo Ann Kruckar in 1981. They divorced in 2004. Webb is currently married to Hong Lee since 2005. Webb has five children and a step-child.

References

Other websites

Jim Webb 2016 campaign website
United States Senator Jim Webb  Senate site
James Webb Enterprises
Webb 2016 Exploratory Committee  for President
2007 Archived Senate Web Site part of Virginia's Political Landscape, 2007 Web Archive Collection at Virginia Memory

2016 United States presidential candidates
Emmy Award winners
1946 births
Living people
American journalists
United States Secretaries of the Navy
United States senators from Virginia
Politicians from Missouri
Politicians from Nebraska
People from St. Joseph, Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians

Jim Webb