Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, New York City, October 31, 1987 is a four-CD live album by Jerry Garcia. It features performances by both the Jerry Garcia Band and the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band.  It contains two complete concerts, both recorded at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre in New York City on October 31, 1987.  The second in the Pure Jerry series of archival concert albums, it was released in November 2004.

The Jerry Garcia Band was Jerry Garcia's main side project from 1975 to 1995 when he was not on tour with the Grateful Dead.  The group had an evolving lineup that included Melvin Seals on keyboards starting in late 1980, and John Kahn on bass for the band's entire existence.  By contrast, the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band only existed from the summer of 1987 to the summer of 1988.  In the second half of October 1987, the two bands played a series of concerts at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre in Midtown Manhattan.  At each show, the acoustic band would play a set of music, and the electric band would play a second set.

The second and third entries in the Pure Jerry series of live albums, released simultaneously in November 2004, document these concerts.  Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, New York City, October 31, 1987 contains all of the final two concerts of the run — the early show and the late show performed on Halloween.  This album has two CDs of music played by the electric Jerry Garcia Band and two CDs by the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band.  Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, New York City, The Best of the Rest, October 15–30, 1987, includes selections from the entire run of concerts.  It has two CDs by the Jerry Garcia Band and one CD by the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band.

Critical reception

On Allmusic, Lindsay Planer said, "As if the very nature and location of the concerts were not enough, the song selection is sublime and offers a faultless sampling of the artist's work. This is most pointedly the case during the acoustic programs, as Garcia and company present a primer in Americana 101 music appreciation.... The pair of 'plugged-in' entries are much in keeping with the style and format that the Jerry Garcia Band had been doing since its mid-'70s inception.... Although the audio is heavy on the audience, Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, NYC, 10/31/87 and the companion Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, The Best of the Rest are recommended for those inclined..."

In The Music Box, John Metzger wrote, "... the manner in which Garcia and his acoustic-based entourage merged rustic folk with earthy grooves effectively circled the wagons for a trip across the dusty back-roads of America.... Similarly, the electric ensemble... projected a potent synthesis of styles, albeit one with an entirely different perspective of music history. Instead of touching upon a variety of old-time sounds, the fully amplified unit traversed an even broader terrain by adding a heavy dose of driving rock and soul-infused R&B to its blend of folk, bluegrass, and blues....  the sound quality is noticeably less than perfect, and although the deficiency quietly settles into the background, it never manages to disappear completely....  those with a little patience surely will discover a wealth of treasures that are uniquely rewarding and full of the rich textures that typically fed Garcia's insatiable muse."

Jambands.com said, "The four–disc set, consisting of two acoustic shows and two electric sets, dissects the definitive elements of Garcia's musical identity with fluid ease.... Though it's the acoustic element that carries the weight of this album's appeal, the juxtaposition provides a portrait of Garcia that is as intimate as it is complete, making it as must-have for Garcia fanatics, bluegrass fiends and Deadheads alike, but even more essential for poor shlubs who just love music."

Track listing
Disc 1 – Matinee, acoustic set
"I've Been All Around This World" (traditional) – 6:43
"I'm Troubled" (traditional) – 5:54
"Short Life of Trouble" (G. B. Grayson) – 3:43
Band introduction – 1:22
"Blue Yodel #9 (Standing on the Corner)" (Jimmie Rodgers) – 6:19
"Spike Driver Blues" (Mississippi John Hurt) – 7:12
"Trouble in Mind" (Richard M. Jones) – 6:34
"The Girl at the Crossroads Bar" (Bill Bryson) – 3:27
"Bright Morning Stars" (traditional) – 2:19
"Ripple" (Jerry Garcia, Robert Hunter) – 4:49
"Goodnight Irene" (traditional) – 7:04
Disc 2 – Matinee, electric set
"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)" (Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, Eddie Holland) – 7:11
"They Love Each Other (Garcia, Hunter) – 8:22
"When I Paint My Masterpiece" (Bob Dylan) – 6:28
"Dear Prudence" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 12:03
"Run for the Roses" (Garcia, Hunter) – 5:56
"I Shall Be Released" (Dylan) – 7:33
"My Sisters and Brothers" (Charles Johnson) – 4:34
"Midnight Moonlight" (Peter Rowan) – 7:07
"Crazy Love" (Van Morrison) – 5:28
Disc 3 – Evening show, acoustic set
"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" (traditional) – 4:01
"Deep Elem Blues" (traditional) – 6:39
"Blue Yodel #9 (Standing on the Corner)" (Jimmie Rodgers) – 6:15
"Ballad of Casey Jones" (Hurt) – 5:56
"Two Soldiers" (traditional) – 4:47
Band introduction – 0:49
"Diamond Joe" (Tex Logan) – 3:52
"Gone Home" (Bill Carlisle) – 4:44
"Oh, Babe, It Ain't No Lie" (Elizabeth Cotten) – 6:10
"If I Lose" (Ralph Stanley) – 3:20
"Ragged but Right" (traditional) – 5:08
Disc 4 – Evening show, electric set
"Werewolves of London" (LeRoy Marinell, Waddy Wachtel, Warren Zevon) – 6:19
"Cats Under the Stars" (Garcia, Hunter) – 7:58
"Stop That Train" (Peter Tosh) – 6:41
"Let It Rock" (Chuck Berry) – 5:33
"Gomorrah" (Garcia, Hunter) – 6:39
"The Harder They Come" (Jimmy Cliff) – 10:44
"Knockin' on Heaven's Door" (Dylan) – 11:00
"Deal" (Garcia, Hunter) – 7:46
"My Sisters and Brothers" (Johnson) – 7:32

Personnel
Jerry Garcia Band
Jerry Garcia – electric guitar, vocals
Melvin Seals – keyboards
John Kahn – bass guitar
David Kemper – drums
Jaclyn LaBranch – vocals
Gloria Jones – vocals
Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band
Jerry Garcia – acoustic guitar, vocals
David Nelson – acoustic guitar, vocals
Sandy Rothman – mandolin, dobro, banjo, vocals
John Kahn – double bass
Kenny Kosek – fiddle
David Kemper – snare drum
Production
Executive producers: Christopher Sabec, Peter McQuaid, Hale Milgrim
Recording: John Cutler
Production engineer: Tom Flye
Second engineer: Robert Gatley
Mastering: John Cuniberti
Research and compilation: Blair Jackson, David Gans
Album coordination: Jeff Adams
Photography: Herb Greene

References

Jerry Garcia Band live albums
Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band live albums
2004 live albums


Hato Rey is a former barrio located in the northwest part of the dissolved municipality of Río Piedras. It now stretches over three barrios, of the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico:

Urban landscape
Its name means "king's cattle farm" (hato). In the 18th century, cattle would roam among the sugar cane fields in the area. Its proximity to residential areas such as San Juan, Río Piedras, Miramar made it a perfect location from where to produce what its residents would eat.  The area also used to be known as Las Monjas (the nuns) due to a convent that used to be located in the area in the 19th century.

The Northern portion of Hato Rey is a startling contrast between blight and poverty and La Milla de Oro (The Golden Mile), a stretch that effectively covers only one mile but that is home to the headquarters of many large local and international banks. It is one of the most important centers of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean's economy and many upper middle class condominiums are also located here.

Hato Rey is also home to a series of boutiques and restaurants (mostly along Roosevelt Avenue).  The José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum and the Tren Urbano metro system have also reshaped Hato Rey by bringing people and business into the area after work hours. The metro system is also helping to ease traffic woes in the area by decongesting the roads. Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity's main headquarters are located in Mexico Street in Hato Rey. The Hato Rey Lions Club, founded in 1955, is located in Alhambra Street, across from the Polytechnic University.

Because of its location, many commuters travelling to Old San Juan must drive through Hato Rey.

Economy

Important buildings in Hato Rey include the Banco Popular headquarters, which in 1965 was the tallest building in Hato Rey. Plaza Las Américas, a large mall is located in Hato Rey, and the Roberto Clemente Coliseum. Puerto Rico's FBI headquarters are also located in Hato Rey. Because of the area's closeness to the airport, major airlines, such as Avianca, have offices in Hato Rey.

Compaq at one point operated its Puerto Rico offices in Hato Rey.

Government and infrastructure
The Federal Office Building, a U.S. Federal Courthouse, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) San Juan field office are in Hato Rey.

The Puerto Rico Department of Education is headquartered in Hato Rey.

See also

References

External links

Río Piedras, Puerto Rico

Hato Rey


"Stress Relief" is a two-part episode of the American comedy television series The Office. It constitutes the fourteenth and fifteenth episodes of the fifth season and the 86th and 87th overall episodes of the series. Both episodes were directed by Jeffrey Blitz and written by Paul Lieberstein, who also plays Toby Flenderson on the show.

In this episode, Dwight stages a fire in the office to test the office's fire safety skills, but things go from bad to worse when Stanley suffers a heart attack, causing Michael to come up with ways to relieve stress in the office, including a comedic roast of himself. Meanwhile, Andy, Jim, and Pam watch an illegally downloaded movie at work starring Jack Black, Jessica Alba and Cloris Leachman, and Pam deals with her parents' recent argument that's caused her father to move in with her and Jim temporarily.

Both parts of "Stress Relief" originally aired together on February 1, 2009, immediately following NBC's broadcast of Super Bowl XLIII, and The Office writers and producers sought to attract newcomers to the series with the expected increase in viewership. Guest stars Black, Alba and Leachman do not interact with the regular characters themselves, but rather appear in a film within the episode. The Office creator Greg Daniels said this was done to keep the episode more grounded in reality.

The episode received generally positive reviews, with Time magazine declaring it the best overall television episode of any series in 2009. The episode is considered a favorite by many fans of the series. Many commentators particularly praised the chaotic cold open scene, in which Dwight panics his co-workers with a simulated fire as part of a twisted safety demonstration. Because it aired following the Super Bowl, "Stress Relief" was the most viewed episode of The Office with 22.9 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research during its original broadcast. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, and received another nomination for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series.

Plot
Annoyed that none of his co-workers paid attention to the fire safety seminar he gave last week, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) decides to get revenge by simulating a fire. Setting a fire in a trash can, Dwight calmly explains the proper safety procedures as the panicked employees try to flee, only for Dwight to have made the "fire" non-survivable by sealing the office exits shut and cutting the phone lines. Dwight eventually reveals it was just a "test", but things go terribly wrong when Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) suffers a heart attack and collapses in the commotion. Later that day, Dwight is subsequently reprimanded by Dunder Mifflin CFO David Wallace (Andy Buckley), and Michael strips him of his position as safety officer.

After Stanley is released from the hospital, his doctors warn him to keep his stress levels under control. Michael arranges for a CPR training session for the employees, but they are too easily distracted and the lesson proves fruitless. The session ends when Dwight destroys the expensive CPR dummy to try and "extract the organs" for organ donation, then wears its face, earning another rebuke from David Wallace. Dwight is ordered to apologize to his co-workers and get signatures acknowledging that they forgive him, but after he openly declares that his apology is insincere and denies that he is responsible for Stanley's heart attack, they refuse to sign. With tensions running high in the office, Michael tries to calm his workers down with yoga and meditation sessions. However, Michael soon realizes he is actually the source of his employees' stress when the beeping of Stanley's stress reader quickens the closer Michael gets to him. The same occurs when Oscar, holds the stress relief.

Michael, to solve the problem, organizes a comedic roast of himself in the warehouse. Dwight tricks most of the employees into signing his apology letter by pretending it is a sign-in sheet, but Phyllis Vance (Phyllis Smith) uncovers it and refuses to sign. Each of the office and warehouse workers gleefully take jabs at Michael, who initially seems to enjoy the jokes, but grows increasingly hurt and offended, storming out of the warehouse. Michael takes a personal day, much to the concern of his employees, and spends time at a playground to reflect. Dwight manages to trick Phyllis into signing his apology letter by bribing a mailman to ask her to sign for a fake package. Michael returns to the office, where he roasts each of his co-workers with one-liners, causing Stanley to laugh heartily. Michael tells his employees that they are the reason he got into the paper business, and they applaud him.

Meanwhile, Pam Beesly's (Jenna Fischer) parents are going through a rough patch in their marriage, and Pam's father is staying with her and Jim. Pam asks Jim to convince her father to work things out. However, shortly after they talk, Pam learns her father has sought a separation. She later confronts her father about why he left her mother. When Pam returns to the office, she tells Jim her father left because Jim told him how much he loves Pam, causing him to recognize his own lack of love for his wife in comparison. Pam comes to terms with the separation and tearfully embraces Jim. As this goes on, they view a pirated movie titled Mrs. Albert Hannaday with Andy Bernard (Ed Helms). The film stars Jack Black, who is engaged to a character played by Jessica Alba, but falls in love with her elderly grandmother, played by Cloris Leachman. Andy confuses Jim and Pam's comments on her parents' situation as to the characters in the film, leading him to conclude they are "movie geniuses" finding hidden depths in the film. The movie ends with Jack Black visiting Cloris Leachman with flowers and a new walker, only to discover her affair with another young man.

Production

"Stress Relief" was directed by Jeffrey Blitz and written by Paul Lieberstein, who also plays Toby Flenderson on the show. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on February 1, 2009, immediately after the broadcast of Super Bowl XLIII. NBC decided to air The Office after the Super Bowl, rather than another show, due to positive feedback the series received from short promo commercials it aired during the 2008 Summer Olympics. Some criticized the decision to place an episode of The Office, an already established NBC series, after the Super Bowl instead of a new show, and suggested it meant the network lacked any exceptional new material.

In writing the script for the episode, Lieberstein said he sought to appeal to newcomers to the series and attract them to the show, without alienating regular viewers: "We wanted to do a stand-alone comedy episode that could bring people in." Lieberstein said the script drew less attention to long-standing story arcs, which new viewers would not understand. Lieberstein said, "It almost had an air of a pilot in a way, where we had to reintroduce everything. We wanted it to be extremely funny and extremely funny up front." The Office creator Greg Daniels said he felt the episode had to focus on physical comedy and easily accessible set pieces. Daniels said, "I looked at all the shows that followed the Super Bowl in years past and I feel that a comedy would be a good choice in the current climate. People want to laugh so we're trying our best to supply some laughs." Actor Rainn Wilson said of the episode, "It's a great opportunity for people to revisit the world of The Office and hopefully get into our style of comedy."

The two parts of "Stress Relief" ran an hour long (including commercials), compared to the typical half-hour length of most The Office episodes. Since the end of the second season, the series had begun occasionally showing longer episodes (which they dubbed "super-sized") on special occasions. Unlike other episodes of The Office, "Stress Relief" included an extended main title sequence that included the names and images of the entire supporting cast of the series, in order to afford them recognition in anticipation of the high post-Super Bowl viewership. The opening scene, in which the characters frantically scramble to escape the Dunder Mifflin office due to what they believe is a fire, took about a day-and-a-half to shoot. It took much longer than the average 45 minutes of shooting time for a scene of that length due to the amount of stunt work involved. Due to the pressure of following the Super Bowl, actress Jenna Fischer said, "I don't think we've ever worked so hard on an episode in the history of our show." The Office actor and writer B. J. Novak, who did not appear in "Stress Relief", said of the episode, "It's awesome. After this airs, people are going to refer to the Super Bowl as the Pre-Office Football Spectacular."

In anticipation of particularly high viewership due to the Super Bowl, NBC officials encouraged The Office producers to feature celebrity guest appearances in the episode. Jack Black, Jessica Alba and Cloris Leachman all made guest appearances in "Stress Relief" as a result. However, they do not interact with the cast and characters of The Office, but rather appear separately in a bootleg film called Mrs. Albert Hannaday, which the characters watch within the episode. Greg Daniels said this was done because it "helps keep the show grounded and less like I Love Lucy". Lieberstein also said the casting decision made sense because, "If we're just casting some salesman that comes into the office and it's Jack Black, it's hard to believe that." Steve Carell said of Leachman's performance, "She is that extra seasoning. That extra spice to the pot that makes for a delicious comedy gumbo."

Cultural references
Just before Dwight starts his fire simulation, he said his co-workers previously failed to listen because he made a presentation on the computer program Microsoft PowerPoint, of which he said, "PowerPoint is boring". Michael refers to Barack Obama, the first African American president of the United States, to Stanley while he is suffering a heart attack by shouting, "Stanley! Barack is president! You are black! Stanley!" A deleted scene further addresses Obama's election, with Michael praising the choice and Darryl, with Darryl half-jokingly telling the White office workers what will change for them (they no longer have to pretend to like jazz, and Morgan Freeman won't get any more acting work because "he's more for you guys"). Michael calls an employee from the Red Cross, an international humanitarian movement, to conduct a lesson about CPR. The instructor suggests they pump the heart to the tune of "Stayin' Alive", a disco song by the pop band, the Bee Gees, but Michael mixes the song up with "I Will Survive" by Gloria Gaynor. At the end of the lesson, Dwight cuts the face off the CPR dummy and places it on his face in the manner of Hannibal Lecter, a fictional cannibalistic serial killer who cut the face off a man and wore it as a mask in the 1991 thriller film, The Silence of the Lambs. Watching Mrs. Albert Hannaday, Andy says the Cloris Leachman character was originally supposed to be played by the much younger actress, Nicole Kidman, and the last-minute replacement prompted a minor overhaul in the film's script. The songs "You Make My Dreams" by Hall and Oates, "All Out of Love" by the soft rock duo Air Supply, "Have a Little Faith in Me" by singer-songwriter John Hiatt, and "Lady" by Little River Band play during scenes in Mrs. Albert Hannaday.

Michael describes the roast as an event in the style of televised comedy specials that air on the cable network, Comedy Central. In describing the upcoming roast, Michael says he plans to call YouTube, an online video sharing website, to record the event. During the roast, Pam says Michael's penis is so small, "If it were an iPod, it would be a Shuffle", a reference to the smallest of the Apple Inc. portable media player brands. Kelly said she would rather kiss Lord Voldemort, the hideous antagonist of the Harry Potter novels and films, than Michael. Andy sings a song about Michael, "What I Hate About You", to the tune of the rock song by The Romantics, "What I Like About You". Angela makes a joke, "If you put sunblock on a window, you might be Michael Scott", which is modeled after the "you might be a redneck" one-liner jokes by comedian Jeff Foxworthy. While roasting his co-workers at the end of the episode, Michael says to Andy, "Cornell called and they think you suck", a reference to Cornell University, the Ithaca, New York college Andy attended.

Ratings
In its original American broadcast on February 1, 2009, "Stress Relief" was viewed by 22.9 million viewers in 13.34 million homes, according to Nielsen Media Research, making it the most watched episode of The Office and the only episode to reach over 20 million viewers. The episode drew a 10.6 rating and 14.46 million viewers between the ages 18 and 49. It more than doubled the show's previously highest rating in the age group, and constituted the largest 18–49 rating for an NBC entertainment telecast in four-and-a-half years, since the tenth season finale of the medical drama series ER on May 13, 2004. An estimated 37.7 million viewers watched at least six minutes or more of "Stress Relief". As expected, The Office benefited highly from following the broadcast of Super Bowl XLIII, which was seen by 98.7 million average viewers, making it the most watched Super Bowl in history at the time.

Critical reception
"Stress Relief" received generally positive reviews. Time magazine named it the best overall television episode of any series in 2009. "Stress Relief" was voted the third highest-rated episode out of 26 from the fifth season, according to an episode poll at the fansite OfficeTally; the episode was rated 8.89 out of 10. Stanley's heart attack in response to Dwight's fake fire drill ranked number 10 in phillyBurbs.com's top ten moments from the fifth season of The Office. Many critics particularly praised the opening scene, in which Dwight panics his co-workers by simulating a fire. The sequence included scenes such as Kevin looting a vending machine amid the chaos, Michael throwing a nearby projector out of the conference room window to call for help, Oscar's legs crashing through the ceiling as he tries to crawl out, Angela tossing her cat through an open ceiling tile only for it to fall through another tile, Jim and Andy using the copier as a battering ram, and the latter's reaction to a series of popping caps: "The fire is shooting at us!"

Alan Sepinwall, television columnist for The Star-Ledger called it a "balls to the wall, gut-busting, amazing Office episode", and called the fire opening scene "not only the best Office pre-credits sequence ever, but an all-time sitcom classic". Sepinwall said "Stress Relief" was accessible to newcomers and regular viewers, and displayed both the comedic and human sides of the characters. He said the only drawback of the episode was the Mrs. Albert Hannaday subplot, which he felt was an unnecessary gimmick added solely to accommodate the guest stars. TV Guide writer Shahzad Abbas wrote, "This was one of my favorite episodes ever. It had me laughing the whole way through." Abbas particularly praised the fire opening scene and the final scene in which Michael insults everybody, which he called "a very satisfying ending to the roast saga". He called the Black/Leachman romance "creepy and hilarious", but described the Jim and Pam romance subplot as the weak link of the episode.

David Krone of the Los Angeles Daily News said although he had mixed feelings about the fifth season so far, he found "Stress Relief" to be "one of the season's best efforts". Krone specifically praised the Jim and Pam subplot and Dwight's character, adding, "It's a pretty perfect way to unwind – or, if your team lost, to become reanimated – after the Super Bowl." Rick Ingebritson of The Palm Beach Post said the episode "was funny from start to finish", particularly praising Dwight Schrute's role and the Michael Scott roast. However, Ingebritson said he was disgusted by the Leachman nude scene from Mrs. Albert Hannaday. Will Leitch of New York magazine, said the episode was funny, but "curiously unfocused [like] two half-hour episodes awkwardly spliced together. He praised the Black/Leachman film, the trouble Dwight kept getting in, and the Jim and Pam subplot, which he called "a rare Pam-Jim plot point that worked". However, he called the Michael roast "yet another Michael-wanting-to-be-loved-and-still-be-the-Boss subplot that takes over the second half".

Not all reviews were positive. Entertainment Weekly writer Whitney Pastorek said the episode started strong with the fire scare scene, but "tapered off into a disjointed plot" that she felt would not win new viewers. She said many jokes went too long and lost momentum, but nevertheless wrote "a lot of the episode's humor was engaging and smart". Lorenzo Perez of The News & Observer said the Pam subplot was "overworked" and lacked impact, and the Dwight character was over-the-top, proving The Office writers clearly have no idea how to rein him in. Perez also expressed doubt the show would attract a new audience because it ran too late into the night following the Super Bowl. However, Perez said he enjoyed the Black/Leachman cameos. Terry Morrow of the Knoxville News Sentinel said, "This particular visit to The Office doesn't pop like most episodes". Morrow praised the Black/Leachman film, but said, "To be upstaged by a B-plot, one not involving the show's main characters at all, is a bit of a misdirection the show doesn't need in a post-Super Bowl time slot." USA Today critic Robert Bianco said the plot was extremely thin and the Black and Leachman cameos were humorless and grotesque. Bianco wrote, "Unfortunately, in an hour you get at most a handful of funny moments. So if you want funny from a comedy, look elsewhere."

Awards
Jeffrey Blitz won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for "Stress Relief". Dean Holland and David Rogers were also nominated for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series. "Stress Relief" accounted for two of the ten Primetime Emmy Award nominations The Office received for the show's fifth season.

References

External links

 "Stress Relief" at NBC.com

2009 American television episodes
The Office (American season 5) episodes
Super Bowl lead-out shows
The Office (American TV series) episodes in multiple parts
Roast (comedy)
Emmy Award-winning episodes

Stress Relief (The Office)


Microecosystems can exist in locations which are precisely defined by critical environmental factors within small or tiny spaces.

Such factors may include temperature, pH, chemical milieu, nutrient supply, presence of symbionts or solid substrates, gaseous atmosphere (aerobic or anaerobic) etc.

Some examples

Pond microecosystems
These microecosystems with limited water volume are often only of temporary duration and hence colonized by organisms which possess a drought-resistant spore stage in the lifecycle, or by organisms which do not need to live in water continuously. The ecosystem conditions applying at a typical pond edge can be quite different from those further from shore. Extremely space-limited water ecosystems can be found in, for example, the water collected in bromeliad leaf bases and the "pitchers" of Nepenthes.

Animal gut microecosystems
These include the buccal region (especially cavities in the gingiva), rumen, caecum etc. of mammalian herbivores or even invertebrate digestive tracts. In the case of mammalian gastrointestinal microecology, microorganisms such as protozoa, bacteria, as well as curious incompletely defined organisms (such as certain large structurally complex Selenomonads, Quinella ovalis "Quin's Oval", Magnoovum eadii "Eadie's Oval", Oscillospira etc.) can exist in the rumen as incredibly complex, highly enriched mixed populations, (see Moir and Masson images ). This type of microecosystem can adjust rapidly to changes in the nutrition or health of the host animal (usually a ruminant such as cow, sheep, goat etc.); see Hungate's "The Rumen and its microbes 1966). Even within a small closed system such as the rumen there may exist a range of ecological conditions: Many organisms live freely in the rumen fluid whereas others require the substrate and metabolic products supplied by the stomach wall tissue with its folds and interstices. Interesting questions are also posed concerning the transfer of the strict anaerobe organisms in the gut microflora/microfauna to the next host generation. Here, mutual licking and coprophagia certainly play important roles.

Soil microecosystems
A typical soil microecosystem may be restricted to less than a millimeter in its total depth range owing to steep variation in humidity and/or atmospheric gas composition. The soil grain size and physical and chemical properties of the substrate may also play important roles. Because of the predominant solid phase in these systems they are notoriously difficult to study microscopically without simultaneously disrupting the fine spatial distribution of their components.

Terrestrial hot-spring microecosystems

These are defined by gradients of water temperature, nutrients, dissolved gases, salt concentrations etc. Along the path of terrestrial water flow the resulting temperature gradient continuum alone may provide many different minute microecosystems, starting with thermophilic bacteria such as Archaea "Archaebacteria" ( or more), followed by conventional thermophiles (), cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) such as the motile filaments of Oscillatoria (), protozoa such as Amoeba, rotifers, then green algae () etc.
Of course other factors than temperature also play important roles. Hot springs can provide classic and straightforward ecosystems for microecology studies as well as providing a haven for hitherto undescribed organisms.

Deep-sea microecosystems
The best known contain rare specialized organisms, found only in the immediate vicinity (sometimes within centimeters) of underwater volcanic vents (or "smokers"). These ecosystems require extremely advanced diving and collection techniques for their scientific exploration.

Closed microecosystem
One that is sealed and completely independent of outside factors, except for temperature and light. A good example would be a plant contained in a sealed jar and submerged under water. No new factors would be able to enter this ecosystem.

References

Ecosystems
Environmental science
Ecology

Microecosystem


Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James' or Jacques) (December 27, 1654 – August 16, 1705) was a Swiss mathematician. He mainly contributed to Analytic geometry, Probability theory, Variable calculus. Bernoulli's inequality which is often taught in high schools was named to honor him. Bernoulli, together with Newton and Leibniz, was considered the first ones who developed the Differential calculus and Integral but he researched deeper insights. His book on Probability Theory had not been published until 1713, 8 years after Bernoulli's death. He had a younger brother 12 years younger who was also a famous mathematician Johann Bernoulli. The Bernoulli family later had many talented mathematicians.

Jacob's parents compelled him to study philosophy and theology, which he greatly resented. He graduated from the University of Basel with a master's degree in philosophy in 1671 and a licentiate in theology in 1676.

References

Swiss mathematicians
1650s births
Number theorists
1705 deaths
Scientists from Basel

Jacob Bernoulli


The Charlton Wallace House is a historic residence in the East Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.  Older than all other houses in the neighborhood, it was constructed in 1840 for a group of French-born Catholic monks who brought the house's elaborate wrought iron up the Mississippi River from New Orleans.

Built with a mix of stone and brick on a stone foundation, the Wallace House was constructed in a distinctive French Provincial style of architecture.  Its unusual architecture mixes plain, unadorned elements with certain Romantic elements that is common in French Provincial buildings in the United States.  In 1849, the house was converted into a rectory for the newly founded St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church.  Given its new role, the house became a leading part of the Catholic Church's presence in the neighborhood.  With the construction of the new church building on an adjacent lot in 1851, the parish priest moved into the house, and it was also used as the parish school in its earliest years.  Additionally, the house may have served a more surreptitious purpose: local legend holds that a room in the rear of the basement was employed as a station on the Underground Railroad.

In 1877, the parish began to build its present complex of buildings on Woodburn Avenue in Walnut Hills.  After the completion of the new property, the parish sold the property; it was later used as the private residence of a family named Baumgartner.  In 1976, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its well-preserved historic architecture and because of its place in local history.

References

Houses completed in 1840
Houses in Cincinnati
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Houses on the Underground Railroad
National Register of Historic Places in Cincinnati
Clergy houses in the United States
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati

Charlton Wallace House


Thiru Eadu Vasippu is the festival celebrated in the worship centers of Ayyavazhi. It is celebrated for three, five, seven, ten or seventeen days annually. During these days the holy scripture of Ayyavazhi, the Akilathirattu Ammanai is sung. In Swamithoppe pathi also called as Tetcanaa Pathi(தெட்சணா பதி), the festival it's starts on the third Friday in the Tamil month of Kathikai (falls approximately in the first week of December) and continues for seventeen days and ends on the first Sunday of the Tamil month of Margazhi.

Ayyavazhi

Thiru Eadu Vasippu


Adelphi distillery was a Scotch whisky distillery, which was founded in 1826 in Glasgow and closed in 1907. The name was revived in 1993, for an  independent bottler of Scotch whisky.

Adelphi distillery

The Adelphi Distillery was founded in 1826 by brothers Charles and David Gray. It was sited just south of the Victoria Bridge, at the edge of the Gorbals area of Glasgow. The distillery was operated by the Gray family until 1880, when it was acquired by Messrs A. Walker and Co, a company who already owned large distilleries in Limerick and Liverpool. The Walkers invested in the distillery and added a Coffey still with which to distil grain spirit. By 1886, there were four pot stills and the Coffey still in full production. The distillery had an output of  of pure alcohol per year. The Adelphi distillery was purchased by Distillers Company (DCL) in 1902, and by 1907 distilling had been stopped completely. The buildings of the distillery were demolished between 1968 and 1970, and the chimney was dismantled in 1971.

Independent bottler
The great-grandson of one of the distillery's founders, Jamie Walker, established the modern day Adelphi independent bottler in 1993, selling the company to Keith Falconer and Donald Houston in 2004. Whiskies are selected by a nosing team chaired by whisky critic Charles MacLean.

Ardnamurhcan Distillery
Ardnamurchan distillery is a Scotch whisky distillery owned by Adelphi on the Ardnamurchan peninsula of Lochaber in the Highlands, Scotland.

References

External links
 Adelphi official website.

Distilleries in Scotland
Gorbals
Demolished buildings and structures in Scotland

Adelphi distillery


Björn Johnsson, better known by his stage name John De Sohn, is a Swedish DJ and music producer well known for his dance music with very strong pop crossover. He is signed to the Sony Music label.

De Sohn started at a very young age. He took part in and won a number of DJ Battles awards. De Sohn's first commercial success was in 2012 with "Long Time" featuring the vocals of Andreas Moe, followed in 2013 by the songs "Dance Our Tears Away", which featured the vocals of Kristin Amparo, and "Under the Sun (Where We Belong)", again with Moe.

Discography

Singles

Notes

Remixes

References

Swedish DJs
Living people
Electronic dance music DJs
Year of birth missing (living people)

John de Sohn


Godard/Spillane is a compilation album by American composer and saxophonist/multi-instrumentalist John Zorn consisting of music created through Zorn's file-card compositional process. The composition "Godard", a tribute to French film-maker Jean-Luc Godard whose jump-cut technique inspired Zorn's compositional approach, on the French tribute album Jean-Luc Godard|Godard ça vous chante? in 1986 issued by the French Nato label. "Spillane" was first released on Zorn's Nonesuch Records album Spillane in 1987, and "Blues Noël" was first released on the compilation album Joyeux Noël - Merry Christmas Everybody! on Nato in 1987.

Reception
The Allmusic review by Stacia Proefrock awarded the album 5 stars stating "Ironically, "Godard" and "Spillane" both work as unified compositions because they are made of fragments. The ideas of the filmmaker and the writer would have been too complex to be tackled by an overblown, operatic score; such a work could only scratch the surface of a few of their ideas without seeming disjointed. But Zorn's file card snippets bounce around like thoughts, overlapping and intruding on each other, reversing direction like a changed mind. Careful selection and arrangement make all the snippets seem essential and irreplaceable, despite their remarkable diversity. This album's execution is aided by a truly impressive cast of supporting musicians, whose close relationships with Zorn made it possible for the musical nuances to be communicated through interpersonal interaction. As a result, every piece sounds like a pure fragment of its genre instead of mere imitation".

In a review of a 1993 live performance of both compositions New York Times correspondent Peter Watrous stated "Although they seemed radical when they first appeared, they don't now: Mr. Zorn's practice is now part of the common vocabulary. The compositions just sound good, and it is easier with hindsight to see why the works radiate pleasure".

Track listing
All compositions by John Zorn
 "Godard" - 18:48
 "Spillane" - 25:24
 "Blues Noël" - 5:53

Personnel
On "Godard"
Anthony Coleman - piano, organ, harpsichord, celeste
Carol Emanuel - harp
Bill Frisell - guitars, banjo
Christian Marclay - turntables
Bobby Previte - drums, percussion
David Weinstein - keyboards, computer
John Zorn - alto saxophone, clarinet, French narration
Luli Shioi - vocal
Wu Shao-Ying - narration
Richard Foreman - English narration
Recorded at Radio City Studios, New York City in August–September 1985

On "Spillane"
Anthony Coleman - piano, organ, celeste
Carol Emanuel - harp
Bill Frisell - guitar
David Hofstra - bass, tuba
Bob James - tapes, compact discs
Bobby Previte - drums, percussion
Jim Staley - trombone
David Weinstein - sampling, keyboards
John Zorn - alto saxophone, clarinet
John Lurie - voice of Mike Hammer
Robert Quine - voice of Mike Hammer's conscience
Recorded at Radio City Studios, New York City in June–August 1986

On "Blues Noël"
Michael Blair - percussion, voice
Anthony Coleman - piano, organ, celeste, harpsichord
Fred Frith - guitars, bass
Ikue Mori - drum machine, voice
David Weinstein - sampler
John Zorn - alto saxophone
Recorded at Radio City Studios, New York City in September 1987

References

Albums produced by John Zorn
John Zorn compilation albums
1998 compilation albums
Tzadik Records compilation albums
Jean-Luc Godard

Godard/Spillane


Richard Louis Garbe  (26 October 1876 – 28 July 1957) was a British sculptor.

Richard Louis Garbe was born in Dalston, London, on 26 October 1876, with a twin Franz Paul Garbe (1876–1954). He had been christened Louis Richard, but was known as Richard. His father was Gustave Garbe (1850–1919), a Prussian ivory carver. Richard studied at the Central School of Arts and Crafts as well as learning his father's trade. In 1892 and 1893 he was awarded prizes for his wood carvings by the Turners Company at their annual exhibition at the Mansion House.

He taught at Central School of Arts and Crafts (1899–1929) and was also Head of Sculpture at the Royal College of Art (1926–1946). He was elected an Academician at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1929 and full Academician in 1936. He exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition from 1898 to 1957. In 1929 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal British Society of Sculptors, while in 1938 he was elected as the Master of the Art Workers' Guild.

His work is in many major collections, including the Tate. In the 1930s he produced ceramic sculptures for Royal Doulton.

Some of his major architectural work was Medieval Age and Modern Age for National Museum Cardiff, and in London his sculptures are on Five Kings House (formerly Thames House) by Southwark Bridge.

In 1908 he married Gertrude Julia Sabey (1879–1966) in Barnet. He had lived in Hornchurch and died on 28 July 1957 at Milton Way House, Westcott, Surrey, where he had lived from about 1933.

Works Exhibited at the Royal Academy

References

1876 births
1957 deaths
20th-century British sculptors
British architectural sculptors
English male sculptors
People from Dalston
Royal Academicians
Sculptors from London
Masters of the Art Worker's Guild

Richard Garbe


Kenworth Historic District is a national historic district located at Hickory, Catawba County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 52 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the planned subdivision of Kenworth in Hickory. Most of the buildings date between the early- and mid-20th century and include notable examples of Colonial Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable buildings include the (former) Christ Lutheran Church (1926), Kenworth Elementary School (1913), Frederick O. Bock House (1923), Nichelson-Abernethy House (1922), Speas-Duval House (1921), Clyde L. Herman House (c. 1922), Kennedy-Setzer House (1921), and Payne-Bothwell-Scheller House (1921).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, with a boundary increase in 2005.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Catawba County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Catawba County, North Carolina

Kenworth Historic District


A guachinche is a typical Canary Island establishment, more widely spread on the island of Tenerife and to a lesser extent in Gran Canaria, where a locally produced wine is served accompanied by homemade traditional food.

History
The origins of guachinches lie in the wine-tasting parties that the local wine growers organized at certain dates of the year to sell their products (in particular the famous malvasia wine) directly to the British buyers and later to the local consumers, to avoid having to deal with intermediaries.
The guachinches are usually situated next to important wine regions of the Island of Tenerife: especially in the northern municipalities, such as Tacoronte, El Sauzal, Tegueste, La Matanza de Acentejo, La Victoria de Acentejo, Santa Úrsula, La Orotava and Los Realejos. A few of them can also be found in the Güímar Valley (that is in Arafo, Candelaria and Güímar municipalities).

Etymology
The word "bochinche", mainly used in Gran Canaria, and its variant "guachinche", more typical of Tenerife, is used in the Canary dialect of Spanish to refer to a popular establishment where local wine and typical foods are served. According to the historical-etymological dictionary of Canary dialect, by Marcial Morera, it derived from the Latin American Spanish word "bochinche" (derived from "buche" – "sip, gulp"), which means 'a poor tavern'. The other version claims that the word "guachinche" comes from the English expression "I'm watching you!", apparently used by the British buyers to indicate that they were ready to try the local products and the Canary farmers understood the phrase as "Is there a guachinche?", that is if there was a party nearby (or a stand or shop) set up to taste the wine before finally making the purchase.

Features
Long before the Canary wines received their first Appellation of Origin (this was the region of Tacoronte-Acentejo), the guachinches were mounted in a room or a garage in the family house, where the wife of the winemaker offered some tapas made in the family kitchen to accompany the home-made wine.

The guachinche's clients don't look for an exquisite service or commodities, they value above all the unique local wines and a familiar and traditional cuisine: rich homemade stews, such as chickpeas with smoked meats (garbanzas), rabbit in spicy salmorejo sause, pork ribs with potatoes and corn on the cob, stuffed courgettes (bubangos), potatoes with mojo sause, carne fiesta (fried marinated pork and potatoes), carne de cabra (goat's meat), churros de pescado (local battered fish), etc. For dessert you can taste the baked milk flan or a typical local dessert called bienmesabe, or you can also enjoy the locally grown fruits like mango, bananas, etc.
In essence, the guachinches have emerged as an offshoot of wine production activity, and not as proper restaurants or food establishments. For this reason, they have never been regulated and guachinche owners didn't pay any taxes for this activity, although over the time many winemakers and their families became restaurateurs on a professional basis. So with the time along with legal guachinches plenty of clandestine establishments started to appear which served cheap wine from Latin America as their own and actually functioned as restaurants but without the obligations to comply with the fiscal and health requirements applicable to restaurants.
In recent years, legal restaurants and bars have complained heavily about the unfair competition from guachinches, since those attracted customers by ridiculously low prices and a wide range of dishes on the menu. So in 2013, the Canary government has issued a decree 83/2013 regulating the guachinche activity as a complementary tourist activity aimed at a preservation of local traditions and the natural rural environment and introducing a number of rules that limit the food and beverages that can be served at a guachinche and define its operating conditions. These rules include, but are not limited to, the following:

 The wine to be marketed must come from vineyards belonging to or exploited by the person who runs the activity and must be of own production; the winery must be duly registered in the Register of Agrarian Industries and in the Register of wine producers.
 The person who runs the activity must accredit the origin of the wine through the harvest and production declarations that must be presented in accordance with European regulations.
 The personnel of the establishment must be certified for sanitary food manipulation training according to the applicable specific regulations.
 The wine marketed in the establishment must meet the safety and quality characteristics of this type of product according to the applicable legislation.
 The opening period of the establishment must not exceed four months a year; in any case, ceasing the activity from the moment the home-grown wine is depleted.
 A maximum of three different culinary dishes can be offered and served, as well as pickles, nuts and fruit grown by the owner of the activity or produced in the area. The food must be made mainly with ingredients also grown or produced by the owner of the activity or with local products or rooted in the local culinary tradition. The supply of beverages shall be limited to home-grown wine and water.
 The owner must inform customers of the prices of products offered through a listing placed in the exterior and interior of the establishment and invoice the services in accordance with the prices of that listing.
 The owner must inform customers of the opening period of the establishment and of the days and hours of operation, by placing an information poster at the entrance.
 The owner must display the distinctive plaque at the entrance (in the photo).

Curiosities
Traditional guachinche opening day is the day of St. Andres, 30 November, otherwise called the young wine festival. The wine of the new harvest is traditionally served with roasted chestnuts, maturing at the same time, and grilled sardines. Most guachinches open on that day and close when all their wine is sold out. For this reason, a guachinche season normally lasts from late autumn till early spring, as with the onset of summer they would have either run out of wine or would be obliged to comply with the maximum permitted opening time.
Canarian residents love their guachinches so much that they have traditional "guachinche routes» (rutas de guachinches), when in a single day they visit several places at once. To avoid getting lost on the way, they even created a special mobile application called Guachapp.
Despite the fact that guachinches represent the cultural heritage of Tenerife, the word «guachinche» cannot be legally used by Canarians. In 2009 it was registered as a trademark by an individual, and since then the Canary Islands government is trying to challenge the registration, and in parallel to register the expression «guachinches de Tenerife», so that the legal establishments of this category can use it in their business names
Most guachinches do not accept credit cards.

References

Drinking establishments
Canarian culture

Guachinche


is a Japanese former tennis player.

On 11 September 2017, Tanaka reached her best singles ranking of world No. 308. On 29 August 2016, she peaked at No. 214 in the doubles rankings. In her career, Tanaka won one singles title and six doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

She made her main-draw debut on the WTA Tour at the 2016 Jiangxi International Open, in the doubles event, partnering Tian Ran. Her biggest ITF tournament was the $75k 2015 Dunlop World Challenge doubles final, which she lost partnering with Luksika Kumkhum.

Early life and amateur career
Tanaka was born in Chita, Aichi Prefecture and attended Yawata Elementary School and Yawata Junior High School in Chita and Sugiyama Jogakuen High School in Nagoya. She participated in her first ITF tournament at the age of 16 in July 2006, advancing through three rounds of qualifying at the $25k event in Nagoya before losing in the round of 32.

After high school, she attended Waseda University in Tokyo and graduated with a degree in sports science.

Tanaka commenced playing tennis at nine years of age. In September 2010, she ended runner-up in the women's singles event of the All-Japan Inter-Collegiate Tennis Tournament, losing to fellow Waseda student Hiroko Kuwata in the final. She also finished runner-up in the doubles event, partnering Waseda classmate Shiho Otake and losing to fellow Waseda students Emiko Ito and Mai Iwazaki in the final. In October 2010, she led the Waseda women's team to their fifth consecutive All-Japan Collegiate Tennis Championships title and was named MVP of the tournament. In December 2010, she partnered with Otake to win the national inter-collegiate indoor tournament in Osaka.

In March 2011, Tanaka advanced to an ITF final for the first time, partnering with Chinami Ogi and losing to Mari Inoue and Ayumi Oka in the final of the Miyazaki outdoor carpet tournament. She also advanced to the quarterfinals in the singles draw of the same tournament.

At the 2011 Inter-Collegiate Championship, Tanaka and Otake faced Ito and Iwazake again, defeating them in the final of the women's doubles. Tanaka finished fourth in the singles competition.

Professional career
Tanaka turned professional in February 2012, just prior to her graduation from Waseda. Her coach has been Atsushi Okutaka since April 2012. In June 2012, she won her first ITF title, partnering with her former Waseda teammate Kuwata to win the $10k Mie outdoor tournament, defeating Akari Inoue and Kaori Onishi in the final.

In March 2013, Tanaka won her first ITF singles title, defeating Kuwata in the final of the $10k Kōfu hardcourt tournament. In the same month, Tanaka and Kuwata were named as part of Japan's five-member women's tennis team for the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia.

In July 2013, Japan won the gold medal in the women's team event at the Summer Universiade. In the main draw of the women's singles, Tanaka's teammates Sachie Ishizu and Kuwata won gold and bronze respectively. Tanaka was the top seed in the consolation draw of the women's singles and won the final against the fourth member of the Japanese team, Megumi Nishimoto. Tanaka and Ishizu were seeded fifth in the women's doubles event and lost in the quarterfinals.

In November 2015, Tanaka advanced to the second round of the Ando Securities Open, losing to eventual runner-up, top seed Nao Hibino. Later the same month, Tanaka and her partner Luksika Kumkhum advanced to the final of the doubles draw of the Dunlop World Challenge, losing in a match tie-break to Akiko Omae and Peangtarn Plipuech.

In the first half of 2016, Tanaka partnered Mana Ayukawa in the finals of two ITF tournaments in Mildura and Karuizawa, but the pair lost in two sets on both occasions. In August, Tanaka's doubles ranking had improved to her career-best No. 216 and she made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the Jiangxi International Open, partnering Tian Ran in the doubles event. The pair lost to top seeds Wang Yafan and Yang Zhaoxuan in round one.

ITF finals

Singles: 7 (1–6)

Doubles: 16 (6–10)

References

External links

Japanese female tennis players
Living people
1990 births
People from Chita, Aichi
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture
Universiade medalists in tennis
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan
21st-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese people

Yuuki Tanaka


Leland Hayward (September 13, 1902 – March 18, 1971) was a Hollywood and Broadway agent and theatrical producer. He produced the original Broadway stage productions of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific and The Sound of Music.

Life and career

Hayward was born in Nebraska City, Nebraska, the grandson of Monroe Leland Hayward, a United States senator from Nebraska. His father, Colonel William Hayward, was a celebrated hero of the First World War who commanded the 369th Infantry Regiment, the "Harlem Hellfighters". Hayward's father and mother, Sarah Coe Ireland, divorced when he was nine. Hayward's father subsequently remarried, to Maisie Manwaring Plant, one of the wealthiest women in America at the time,  who later traded her Fifth Avenue mansion to Cartier for a perfectly matched strand of pearls.

Hayward attended The Hotchkiss School and then studied at Princeton University, but dropped out. He took on a number of jobs including newspaper reporter and press agent, but eventually became a talent agent in Hollywood. In the early 1940s, he handled about 150 artists, including Fred Astaire who had been his first client, James Stewart, Ernest Hemingway, Boris Karloff, Judy Garland, Ginger Rogers, as well as the two former husbands of his second wife Margaret Sullavan, Henry Fonda and William Wyler. He dated some of his female clients, including Greta Garbo and Katharine Hepburn. Hepburn refused to marry him, despite a three-year relationship, choosing instead to focus on her career.

In 1945, Hayward sold his talent agency and became a producer. His 1949 production of South Pacific was a great success. He produced both the 1948 play Mister Roberts and the 1955 film version.

Other noteworthy film productions included The Spirit of St. Louis (1957), and The Old Man and the Sea (1958). He was a co-producer (with David Merrick) of the 1959 show Gypsy. His biggest success, however, was The Sound of Music that opened the same year.

Hayward's forays into television were similarly notable. He produced The Ford 50th Anniversary Show on June 15, 1953, a live two-hour simulcast on CBS and NBC that looked back on the history of the United States and the world up to 1953. The program featured a memorable extended duet by Ethel Merman and Mary Martin. In 1953, Hayward conceived Producers' Showcase (1954–1956), a series of 90-minute color spectaculars to be broadcast monthly on NBC. Illness forced Hayward to withdraw from the project shortly before the first broadcast, and production was assumed by his attorneys, Saul and Henry Jaffe. Hayward later produced That Was The Week That Was, a groundbreaking American adaptation of a British television show, from 1963–1965.

Hayward's interest in aviation led to his co-founding, in 1941, Southwest Airways, with financial help from his Hollywood friends.

Hayward was an eccentric in his food habits. He ate only white foods such as potatoes, chicken hash, lamb chops, eggs, custard and vanilla ice cream.

After suffering several strokes, Hayward died at his home, Haywire, in Yorktown Heights, New York, on March 18, 1971.

Marriages and family

Hayward was married five times.

In 1921, aged 19, Hayward married the debutante Lola Gibbs.They divorced one year later, remarried and divorced again in 1934. They had no children.
On 15 November 1936, Hayward married the stage and screen actress Margaret Sullavan, who was pregnant with his child. He thus became the third of Sullavan's four husbands. Her previous husbands had been Henry Fonda and William Wyler, and after being divorced from Hayward in 1948, she would go on to marry British investment banker Kenneth Wagg. Hayward and Sullavan had three children, two of whom died by  suicide. Margaret Sullavan herself died of an overdose of barbiturates in 1960. Their children were:
Brooke Hayward, born July 5, 1937. She married three times, first to writer Michael Thomas and second to actor Dennis Hopper (1961–69). Her third marriage was to Peter Duchin in 1985. Her 1977 memoir, Haywire, recounts in detail the family's dysfunctional life. Her children were:
 William Thomas
 Jeffrey Thomas
 Marin Brooke Hopper
Bridget Hayward (1939–1960), who died by suicide from a barbiturate overdose in October 1960, aged 21, less than a year after her mother's death from exactly the same cause, and only a few months after her father's fourth marriage.
William Hayward III, born 1941, who committed suicide on  March 20, 2008, by shooting himself in the heart. By his marriage to Rita Marie Rosate, he had two children:
Leland William Hayward
Bridget Pamela Hayward
In 1950, Hayward married Slim Hawks. He had met her in Havana at a time when she was legally married to film director Howard Hawks but was staying with writer Ernest Hemingway and his latest wife Mary. Among her other previous relationships had been one with Clark Gable. Hayward and Slim divorced their respective spouses by 1949 and were married the following year; they had already been living together for some time. The marriage became strained after Slim had a one-night stand with Frank Sinatra and a longer affair with Peter Viertel. They were divorced in 1960.
In 1960, Hayward married Pamela Churchill, former wife of Randolph Churchill. The couple was wed on 4 May 1960,  in Carson City, Nevada, only hours after Hayward's divorce from Hawks was final. They remained nominally married until Hayward's death in 1971, but on the very day of his funeral, Pamela renewed her relationship with a former lover, W. Averell Harriman, and she married him later the same year.

In her 1977 memoir, Haywire, Hayward's daughter Brooke recounts in detail the family's thoroughly dysfunctional dynamics.

References

External links

Leland Hayward papers, 1920-1995, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Hayward Family Tree

1902 births
1971 deaths
Hotchkiss School alumni
American theatre managers and producers
American talent agents
American aviators
People from Nebraska City, Nebraska
Tony Award winners
20th-century American businesspeople

Leland Hayward


Edinburgh (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city and second largest city in Scotland. Edinburgh lies on the east coast, where the River Forth flows into the sea.

The central part is Edinburgh Castle, at the top of a steep hill. The castle has a military display every year, called a tattoo, where soldiers show their skills at marching and competitions, and there are brass bands and bands of bagpipes.

Edinburgh has a very large festival every year, where thousands of performers come to put on shows. The Edinburgh International Festival takes place in August and September. At the same time there is the Edinburgh Fringe. The shows are of all kinds, and range from large ones with famous people, to very small ones by new or unknown actors.

The city is served by Edinburgh Airport, and Haymarket and Waverley railway stations.

Old and New towns
The Old Town of Edinburgh is the oldest part of the city, and with the 18th-century New Town, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It has preserved its mediaeval plan and many Reformation-era buildings. The Old and New Towns are known locally simply as "Town". It is the city centre. The main part of the Old Town is a complex of streets called the Royal Mile while Princes Street is the main business area of the New Town.

Sport
The city's main football teams are Heart of Midlothian F.C. and Hibernian F.C. Murrayfield stadium in the city is the home of the Scottish national rugby team and Edinburgh Rugby. The nearby Murrayfield Ice Rink is home to the city's ice hockey team, the Edinburgh Capitals. See also Leith Athletic F.C.

Buildings
Edinburgh has lots of important buildings. The Balmoral Hotel was opened in 1902 and designed by W. Hamilton Beattie. Saint Giles' Cathedral was built in Mediaeval times. There was a big fire there in 1385. The Royal Museum was designed by architect Francis Fowke and built between 1861 and 1888. Its sister museum, the Museum of Scotland, was designed by Benson and Forsyth in 1998.

Holyrood Palace was once the home of the Scottish kings, and is open to the public. It now serves as the King of Britain's Scottish residence. The Scottish Parliament is located next to Holyrood Palace.

Governing
Edinburgh is one of the 32 local government areas of Scotland. It has its own council which is led by the Lord Provost (similar to a mayor). The city is divided into 17 "wards" which elect their councillors.

Famous people from Edinburgh
 Sir Walter Scott, who wrote many historical stories.
 Alexander Graham Bell, who invented the telephone, was born in Edinburgh.
 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
 Robert Louis Stevenson who wrote Kidnapped, Treasure Island, Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde and many other stories.
 Muriel Spark, who wrote The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and many other stories.
 Sean Connery, who acted as James Bond in films.

Twin Towns
Edinburgh is twinned with:

  Florence
  Dunedin
  Nice
  Kraków
  San Diego
  Aalborg
  Kyiv
  Kyoto
  Xi'an
  Vancouver
  St. Petersburg
  Munich

References
2. Map of Edinburgh

Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland

Edinburgh


Acacia rostellifera, commonly known as summer-scented wattle or skunk tree, is a coastal tree or small tree in the family Fabaceae.  Endemic to Western Australia, it occurs along the west coast as far north as Kalbarri in the Southwest Australia savanna ecoregion, and along the south coast as far east as Israelite Bay.

The summer-scented wattle generally reproduces by suckers from underground stems.  Because of this suckering, the species often forms thickets that exclude all other species.  The tallest Acacia of its area, it can grow to 10 metres.  Specimens above 3 metres are not often seen, however, as bushfires occur often in its area.  Fire burns the plants right to the ground, but the underground stem resprouts vigorously.

See also
 List of Acacia species

References

rostellifera
Acacias of Western Australia
Fabales of Australia
Taxa named by George Bentham
Plants described in 1842

Acacia rostellifera


Steven Packer Preece (born February 15, 1947) is a former professional football player, a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons, from 1969 to 1977. He played his college football at Oregon State, where he was a successful option quarterback.

Early life
Born in Idaho Falls, Preece grew up in Boise and played high school football at Borah for coach Ed Troxel, also his coach in track.  At the talent-rich program, Preece had to wait his turn to play. Opened in 1958, Borah had won or tied for the conference title and mythical state title (writers' poll) in each of its first six years.

Preece became the Lions' starting quarterback during his senior year in the fall of 1964. The Borah Lions were undefeated entering the final game against rival Boise on Veterans Day, but allowed the Braves to overcome a ten-point deficit in the second half to gain their first win in seven tries over Borah, and the Lions had to settle for second place for the first time in the conference and final state poll.

In March 1965, Preece helped lead the Lions to their first state title in basketball, winning the A-1 (largest schools) state tournament in Pocatello, defeating Twin Falls in the final to finish the season with a 24–1 record.

College career
After graduating in 1965, Preece accepted a scholarship to Oregon State, recruited by linebackers coach Ed Knecht.  Knecht had previously been the head coach at rival Boise High, and had connections in southwestern Idaho.  Preece had great speed (10.0 in the 100 yard dash), and a good arm, a great fit for the option offense.  Knecht had received a phone call warning him that a rival school was attempting to steal Preece away from the Beavers, so he promptly called new head coach Dee Andros with the news, to which Andros responded, "Get the $@%! over there. And if you don't get him, don't bother to come back." (Andros was previously the head coach at the University of Idaho. Knecht was a former assistant coach at Idaho and a future athletic director (1969–74).

As a sophomore in 1966, Preece split time as the starting quarterback with senior Paul Brothers. After Brothers' graduation, Preece was the starter for the 1967 and 1968 seasons, and the Beavers compiled a  record.  Included in this success was a win and a tie against UCLA, and a split with USC and O. J. Simpson. The Beavers won 3–0 in 1967, the Trojans won 17–13 in 1968 in Los Angeles.

The 1967 OSU football team finished with a record of 7–2–1 and a #7 ranking in the AP national poll.  OSU defeated previous #1 USC in Corvallis, and #2 Purdue on the road, and tied #2 UCLA in Los Angeles, earning them the title of "The Giant Killers."  OSU also beat the Iowa Hawkeyes on the road, but a mid-season lapse of consecutive losses to unranked teams severely damaged the Beavers' Rose Bowl chances and national ranking.  OSU lost to the Washington Huskies in Seattle, and BYU Cougars in Corvallis. Although OSU defeated USC, the Beavers wound up behind in the Pac-8 conference standings with a loss and a tie. Conference champion USC defeated Indiana 14–3 in the Rose Bowl and was crowned national champion for the 1967 season.  Oregon State did not play in a bowl game, due to conference rules; the Pac-8 (and Big Ten) did not allow a second bowl team until the 1975 season. They were seventh in the final AP Poll, released in December.

Oregon State went 7–3 in 1968 and finished #15 in the nation in the final AP Poll, released in January.

Professional career
Undrafted, Preece signed a free agent NFL contract with the New Orleans Saints in 1969, not as a quarterback but as a defensive back. He was traded to the Philadelphia Eagles for the 1970 season, staying through 1971, and playing one game for them in 1972 before being traded to the Denver Broncos. In 1973, Preece was traded to the Los Angeles Rams, where he played for four seasons, the last two as a back-up, the only time in his career.  He played his last season in 1977 as a starter for the Seattle Seahawks, and had four interceptions.  Following off-season surgery on his left knee, Preece announced his retirement in July 1978. As a professional, Preece played a role similar to Nolan Cromwell, a defensive back who held for place kicks and was available to play quarterback in an emergency; both had been option quarterbacks in college.

After football
Preece is in the real estate business in Portland and regularly provides color commentary for the Oregon State football broadcasts.

References

External links

Season of the Giant Killers – Oregon State – 1967
CFB Data Warehouse Oregon State results 1965–69
Sports-Reference.com: Steve Preece collegiate statistics
Oregon Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
Borah High School: Football Hall of Fame

American football cornerbacks
Seattle Seahawks players
Denver Broncos players
Los Angeles Rams players
Philadelphia Eagles players
New Orleans Saints players
Oregon State Beavers football players
Players of American football from Idaho
Oregon State University alumni
People from Idaho Falls, Idaho
Sportspeople from Boise, Idaho
Players of American football from Portland, Oregon
1947 births
Living people

Steve Preece


Annie Mac (born 18 July 1978) is an Irish presenter and DJ. Until 2021 she hosted an eponymous electronic dance music show. It was on BBC Radio 1. Features of her program included a 5-minute "mini mix". That was where a guest DJ submits a short remix. That featured many songs in a short time period, and the "12 inches of 12"s" competition where people can win a cubic foot of vinyl records.

Other websites
BBC Radio 1: Annie Mac

1978 births
DJs
Musicians from Dublin
Living people

Annie Mac


Arnon Absalom Mishkin (born c. 1955) is an American management consultant, media personality, and news analyst for Fox News. Mishkin worked as a pollster under political consultant David Garth for the Democratic Party during electoral campaigns for Ed Koch, Jay Rockefeller, and Tom Bradley. Mishkin worked as a partner at the Boston Consulting Group and the Mitchell Madison Group, and now operates his own consultancy firm known as Mishkin Associates. Since 1998, he has been consultant for Fox News as part of their Decision Desk, and has led it since 2008, including the 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020 United States presidential elections. In 2021, Mishkin also served as a fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics.

Early life and education
Mishkin was born to Eliezer A. Mishkin and Esther Rubin in Brooklyn, New York. He is Jewish. His father was born in what is now Belarus and emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1937 before moving to the United States. He later worked as a professor of applied physics at the Polytechnic Institute of New York. Mishkin's mother was from Kaunas, Lithuania: during World War II, the Soviet Union occupied Lithuania from 1940 and subsequently, Nazi Germany moved to occupy the country, establishing the Kovno Ghetto. After the Soviets moved back in during 1944, Rubin left Lithuania through Eastern Europe to Mandate Palestine, where she married Eliezer Mishkin. After relocating to the United States she became a social worker, leading the Washington Heights office of Selfhelp Community Services. and volunteering for YIVO. Mishkin told B'nai Jeshurun in 2001 that his grandparents and many other family members were murdered in the Holocaust. Mishkin has a brother, Jonathan Mishkin.

Mishkin graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University and a Master of Business Administration from Harvard Business School.

Career

Polling and consultancy
Mishkin got his start in politics working in New York under political consultant David Garth. Garth's team first mainly worked for Democratic Party candidates (the party to which Mishkin is a registered member), including the campaigns of Jay Rockefeller for governor and then Senator from West Virginia, as well as the Senate campaign of Mark Dayton in Minnesota. The firm also worked for Tom Bradley, then Democratic Mayor of Los Angeles in his campaign to become Governor of California in the 1982 California gubernatorial election. Bradley's lack of success in the campaign when compared to polling predictions was attributed by many as what is now known as the "Bradley effect" — the theory that some White American voters when asked by pollsters if they would be voting for the Black American candidate would say they were undecided, to avoid social ostracism, but were intending to vote for the opponent, skewing the accuracy of polling numbers. Other electoral campaigns worked on by the Garth team included John Lindsay, Ella Grasso, Brendan Byrne and Mike Bloomberg.

Aside from his work for political candidates, Mishkin also worked in news media, starting at NBC News as a general editor in the 1980s, before moving on the Fox Corporation in 1998. At the same time he continued to work for the Boston Consulting Group, which advised Forbes and the Associated Press on internet marketing and strategy as the information age became to gather momentum. The 2000 United States presidential election which eventually saw the election of George W. Bush was controversial, with Florida undecided on the night; it eventually went to the Supreme Court with Bush v. Gore. On the night of the election, John Prescott Ellis, Bush's cousin, headed up the Fox News Decision Desk, but subsequently stood down in the aftermath and was replaced by Mishkin who had worked as part of his team.

Mishkin, kept his role low profile until an on-air controversy during the 2012 United States presidential election. The controversy over the Fox News Decision Desk calling the closely contested state of Ohio early for Obama, played out on air as the commentator Karl Rove objected and anchor Megyn Kelly walked off set to Mishkin's operation room, confronting him on the confidence of his call, to which Mishkin confirmed "99.95 percent". Eric Bolling, former Fox Business host, claimed that Mishkin and his team were highly dismissive of Donald Trump's chances to beat Hillary Clinton during the 2016 United States presidential election, though Mishkin himself has disputed this. During the election itself, Mishkin cast his vote for Hillary Clinton as a supporter of the Democratic Party.

2020 presidential election

Arnon Mishkin maintained his position at the head of the team running the Fox News Decision Desk for the 2020 United States presidential election, the team responsible for telling Fox News viewers the results of the elections. As the main American network which caters towards a Republican Party supporting audience, the Fox News Decision Desk and Mishkin received some attention in the run-up to the election. The New York Times published an article about Mishkin a month before the election entitled "Trump Wants to Discredit the Election. This Nerd Could Stop Him." In the lead up to the election, Mishkin and Dana Blanton were the main voices at Fox News doubting the chances of Trump being re-elected to the Presidency in his contest with Joe Biden. The two were involved in creating the new VoteCast alternative to exit polls, alongside the Associated Press. Mishkin's model has been supported by other pollsters such as Ariel Edwards-Levy of HuffPost.

On election night in November 2020, Mishkin's team called Arizona for Biden before any other major news outlet. Bret Baier, a Fox host for the election, questioned the call on air and pushed Mishkin to declare that he was 100% certain, to which Mishkin answered in the affirmative and had been considering announcing it for 30 minutes. The call was disputed by President Trump, who was reported by news outlets to be "furious" and in his speech to the nation the following morning, where he refused to concede a number of states and the election in general, specifically mentioned Fox News and Arizona, dismissing "the gentleman who called it". Mishkin's call ended up being correct, although the margin of Biden's victory in Arizona was quite narrow (10,457 votes).

Personal life
Mishkin married Susan Ellen Fine, the vice president of development for Olympia and York Properties, in November 1986. Rabbi Ben-Zion Gold of the Conservative Jewish Jewish Theological Seminary of America performed the ceremony at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Boston. The couple has two daughters: Allison and Pamela Mishkin. The Mishkins have attend the B'nai Jeshurun synagogue in Manhattan since the late 1980s. According to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Mishkin is a registered member of the Democratic Party in New York.

Filmography
 Best Evidence: The Research Video (1990)

References

External links
 Mishkin Associates
 Twitter
 Fox News

1950s births
Living people
People from Brooklyn
American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Boston Consulting Group people
Fox News people
NBC News people
New York (state) Democrats
Psephologists
Phillips Academy alumni
Yale University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

Arnon Mishkin


Concours or EU concours is a recruitment competition and examination to select staff to all institutions of the European Union.

Explanation of open competition

According to the web site of the European Personnel Selection Office, whose mission is to organise and administer open competitions to select staff for recruitment to all institutions of the EU, all permanent staff for the EU institutions are recruited through open competitions (commonly referred to as concours in all languages, originally referring to the French public administration's recruitment exams).

Number of applicants

These attract a very considerable number of applicants from all over Europe.

Permanent positions

Passing the competition is the principal way to become a permanent official in an EU institution. Other smaller competitions may provide an entry route to the select few.

Temporary positions

Regarding non-permanent jobs like temporary agents, a similar selection takes place.

Open competitions

EU open competitions are published in the C series of the Official Journal (OJ) of the European Union.

Specific conditions

The OJ gives the specific conditions and requirements for each published competition, along with an indication of the number of posts available.

A third level diploma is normally required, and EU citizenship. Candidates must have at least two EU languages: both a 'main language', which can be any of the 24 EU languages, and a 'second language', which must be English, German, or French. The concours tests both languages.

There are usually 3 stages to each competition.

 Pre-selection Tests
 Written Tests
 Interview

The pre-selection tests normally cover

 EU knowledge- extensive subject matter knowledge can be required
 Verbal reasoning
 Numerical reasoning
 Specific knowledge related to the particular field of the competition applied for (e.g.: scientific/ human resources/ law etc.)

The candidate normally has to take the pre selection test in the second language. It usually consists of multiple choice questions.

Written tests involve essay-type exams and candidates may have to write something based on analysis of information provided. The first and second language may be required.

The interview may test both languages.

Examination centres are frequently set up in each member state – sometimes more than one centre in larger countries – but the interviews are generally held in Brussels or Luxembourg.

Positions available

The number of positions is not communicated. Only the number of places on the reserve list is always stated in the notice of competition.

Reserve list

This number indicates how many successful candidates will be placed on the reserve list, however, it does not guarantee that all of them will actually get a job.

Successful applicants who withdraw

Many candidates change their minds throughout the application process, so positions that appear to be filled sometimes become available.

See also
 Civil servant
 Civil service entrance examination
 European Civil Service

External links
 EU law visualized: EUR-Charts – Essential EU Law in Charts

European Union
Government recruitment

ja:コンクール

EU Concours


Alice Leigh-Smith (née Prebil), born September 11, 1907, was a Croatian born nuclear physicist. She is best known for being the first woman in British history to receive a PhD in nuclear physics. Additionally, she is remembered for her pioneering research in cancer and for her attempts in the discovery of an elusive element, Element 85.

Professional life

At the age of 25 in 1932, Prebil began working at the Radium Institute in Paris under the tutelage of Marie Curie. Three years later, in 1935, at the age of 28, she would become the first woman in Great Britain to receive a PhD in nuclear physics. It is accepted that Leigh-Smith defended her thesis in London, however it is currently unknown from what university she was granted her degree.

Dr. Alice Leigh-Smith was also involved in the use of radioactive substances as a treatment for cancer. From 1936, she conducted cancer research as part of the British Empire cancer campaign. From 1938 to 1940, during the Second World War, Alice Leigh-Smith was at the University of Bern in Switzerland, where she continued her work. In January 1943, the anticipation of results from her study regarding the treatment of cancer with radioactive substances was published in the London Times. However, no results are available for current analysis.

In 1942, Leigh-Smith and a Swiss chemist, Walter Minder jointly announced the discovery of element 85 (now called astatine) in 1942. They proposed the name anglohelvetium for the new element, in order to honor both of their home countries- "anglo" for Leigh-Smith's England and "Helvetia" after the personification of Minder's country- Switzerland. This was Minder's second attempt at discovering the element. It was later proven that Walter Minder and Alice Leigh-Smith had not discovered element 85, after the failure of their results to be replicable.

Personal life

In 1933, at the age of 26, she married Philip Leigh-Smith, a British diplomat and son of the Arctic explorer Benjamin Leigh-Smith. His published comedy, "Ladies in Diplomacy" is purportedly based on the adventures of his wife, Alice.

Alice Leigh-Smith, had one child by her husband Philip Leigh-Smith. Christopher Leigh-Smith was Alice's only child and is alive today, acting as an entrepreneur based in Switzerland.

Legacy

Currently, a portion of Alice Leigh-Smith's private archives are in the possession of the Curie Institute for the Curie Museum. The records are accessible by appointment only.

References

Benjamin Leigh-Smith Arctic Explorer Image of Alice Leigh-Smith

English physicists
English nuclear physicists
English women physicists
1907 births
1987 deaths
Women nuclear physicists

Alice Leigh-Smith


The Anderson Tapes is a 1971 American crime film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Sean Connery and featuring Dyan Cannon, Martin Balsam and Alan King. The screenplay was written by Frank Pierson, based upon a best-selling 1970 novel of the same name by Lawrence Sanders. The film is scored by Quincy Jones and marks the feature film debut of Christopher Walken.

It was the first major film to focus on the pervasiveness of electronic surveillance, from security cameras in public places to hidden recording devices.

Plot
Safe-cracker John "Duke" Anderson is released after ten years in prison. He renews his relationship with his old girlfriend, Ingrid. She lives in an upper-class apartment block in Manhattan. Anderson almost instantly decides to burgle the entire building in a single sweep – filling a furniture van with the proceeds. He gains financing from a nostalgic Mafia boss and gathers his four-man crew. Also included is an old ex-con drunk, "Pop", whom Anderson met in jail, and who is to play concierge while the real one is bound and gagged in the cellar.

Less welcome is a man the Mafia foists onto Anderson – the thuggish "Socks". Socks is a psychopath who has become a liability to the mob and, as part of the deal, Anderson must kill him in the course of the robbery. Anderson is not keen on this, since the operation is complicated enough, but is forced to go along.

Anderson has unwittingly entered a world of pervasive surveillance – the agents, cameras, bugs, and tracking devices of numerous public and private agencies see almost the entire operation from the earliest planning to the execution. As Anderson advances the scheme, he moves from the surveillance of one group to another as locations or individuals change. These include a private detective hired by the wealthy Werner to eavesdrop on his mistress Ingrid, who happens to be Anderson's girlfriend; the BNDD, who are checking over a released drug dealer; the FBI, investigating Black activists and the interstate smuggling of antiques; and the IRS, which is after the mob boss who is financing the operation. Yet, because the various federal, state and city agencies performing the surveillance are all after different goals, none of them is able to "connect the dots" and anticipate the robbery.

The operation proceeds over a Labor Day weekend. Disguised as a Mayflower moving and storage crew, the crooks cut telephone and alarm wires and move up through the building, gathering the residents as they go and robbing each apartment.

Jimmy, the son of two of the residents, is a paraplegic and asthmatic who is left behind in his air-conditioned room. Using his amateur radio equipment, he calls up other radio amateurs, based in other states, who contact the police. The alarm is thus raised, but only after resolving which side (callers or emergency services) should take the phone bill.

As the oblivious criminals work, the police array enormous forces outside to prevent their escape and send a team in via a neighboring rooftop.

In the shootout that follows, Anderson kills Socks, but is himself shot by the police. The other robbers are killed, injured or captured. Pop gives himself up while covering for the others by putting all the blame on Socks. Having never adapted to life on the outside, he looks forward to going back to prison.

In the course of searching the building, the police discover some audio listening equipment left behind by the private detective who was hired to check up on Ingrid and track it to find Anderson in critical condition after having tried to escape. To avoid embarrassment over the failure to discover the robbery despite having Anderson on tape in several surveillance operations, and since many of the recordings were illegal, each of the agencies orders its tapes to be erased.

Cast

Cast notes
 This was the first major motion picture for Christopher Walken, as well as the last on-screen film appearance by Margaret Hamilton.
 Sean Connery, Martin Balsam, and director Sidney Lumet were to work together again on Murder on the Orient Express. Connery had previously worked with the director on The Hill, and they would reunite the following year on The Offence, and again many years later for Family Business.  Balsam and Lumet had worked together previously on 12 Angry Men.
 Two characters from the novel on which the film was based were merged for the film:  "Ingrid Macht" and "Agnes Everleigh" became "Ingrid Everleigh".
 Sean Connery's performance as the likeable criminal Duke Anderson was instrumental in his breakout from being typecast as James Bond. It also restored him to the ranks of top male actors in the United States.

Production
The Anderson Tapes was filmed on location in New York City on Fifth Avenue at the Convent of the Sacred Heart (the luxury apartment building), Rikers Island Prison, the Port Authority Bus Terminal, Luxor Health Club and on the Lower East Side. Interiors scenes were filmed at Hi Brown Studio and ABC-Pathé Studio, both in New York City. The production was on a tight budget, and filming was completed from mid-August to October 16, 1970. The film was the first for producer Robert M. Weitman as an independent producer.

Columbia Pictures was not happy with the concept for the ending of the film, in which Connery escaped to be pursued by police helicopters, fearing that it would hurt sales to television, which generally required that bad deeds do not go unpunished.

The Anderson Tapes made its U.S. network television premiere on September 11, 1972, as an installment of NBC Monday Night at the Movies.

Box office and critical response
The film generated $5 million in U.S. and Canada rentals.

Roger Greenspun of The New York Times called The Anderson Tapes "well done and entertaining". He noted Lumet's direction by writing "The quality of professionalism appears in rather lovely manifestations to raise a by no means perfect film to a level of intelligent efficiency that is not so very far beneath the reach of art". Roger Ebert enjoyed the film but called Lumet's emphasis on electronic surveillance a "serious structural flaw". Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice wrote that there was only "eleven good minutes in it", calling the rest of the film "confused and uncertain".

See also
 The Conversation, a 1974 film
 List of American films of 1971
 List of films featuring home invasions
 List of films featuring surveillance

References

External links

1971 films
1971 crime drama films
1970s heist films
American crime drama films
American heist films
Columbia Pictures films
1970s English-language films
Films scored by Quincy Jones
Films about security and surveillance
Films based on thriller novels
Films directed by Sidney Lumet
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New York City
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Lawrence Sanders
American neo-noir films
1970s American films

The Anderson Tapes


Avetik Sahak Isahakyan (; October 30, 1875 – October 17, 1957) was a prominent Armenian lyric poet, writer and public activist.

Biography
Isahakyan was born in Alexandropol in 1875. He was educated at the Kevorkian seminary in Echmiadzin, and later at the University of Leipzig, where he studied philosophy and anthropology. He started his literary as well as political careers in his early youth. Upon his return from Leipzig in 1895 he entered the ranks of the newly established Alexandropol committee of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Through his activities he supported armed groups and financial aid sent to Western Armenia from Alexandropol. He was arrested in 1896 and spent a year in Yerevan's prison.

Later Isahakyan went abroad, attending Literature and History of Philosophy classes at the University of Zurich. He returned to his homeland in 1902, and then moved to Tiflis.

Together with 158 other Armenian intellectuals, he was arrested in 1908 and after spending half a year in Tiflis' Metekha prison (just like Hovhannes Tumanyan), he was freed on bail. Staying in the Caucasus was no longer possible, and by 1911 Isahakyan had emigrated.

Isahakyan did not believe the promises made by the government of the Young Turks, regarding self-government and autonomy of Western Armenia. Assured that the danger of Panturkism (which he believed was aimed at the total extinction of Armenians) could be prevented by Turkey's supporter, Germany, Isahakyan went to Berlin. There, together with a number of German intellectuals, he participated in the German-Armenian movement, and edited the group's journal "Mesrob" and co-founded German–Armenian Society. The start of World War I and the horrifying massacres confirmed his gruesome predictions about the annihilating nature of the Young Turks government's policies. After the war and the Armenian genocide, Isahakyan described through his compositions the sorrow destiny and Armenians' heroic struggle for freedom. The poet put forward the genocide accusations, the worst part of which had taken place between 1915 and 1922, in "The White Book". During that period, Isahakyan expressed his ideas mainly through his social and political articles, in which he discussed the topics of the Armenian cause, reunification of Armenia and the restoration of the Armenian government. The images of the massacres are persistent in his poems, such as "Snow has Covered Everything...", "To Armenia...", and "Here Comes Spring Again".

Korney Chukovsky met him in Kislovodsk in 1926 and wrote in his diary:I've just had a visit from four Armenians, one of whom, Avetik Isaakyan, is a well-known poet. I can't tell you what a nice man he is: modest, quiet, completely unaffected. He spent a fortnight here without anyone's knowing who he was. Yet his fame is such that when I mentioned him to our Armenian barber, he immediately beamed and started reciting his poetry in Armenian. The shoeshine man had the same reaction: "Avetik! Avetik!" He has a sad, absent look about him. They say the regime (which pays him a small pension) won't let him visit his family abroad. I was surprised to find that he was unable to recite even four lines of his verse in Armenian when I asked him to: he's forgotten everything. And when we had an Armenian evening and his poems were read from the podium he just sat there in the audience, hunched forward, his hands over his face. He refused to go out on the podium or utter a single word.

Isahakyan again went abroad in 1930 and lived in Paris, but returned permanently to the Armenian SSR in 1936, where he was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR in 1943 and president of the Writers Union of the Armenian SSR in 1944. He was awarded the Stalin State Prize in 1946, served as a member of the Soviet Committee for Protection of Peace, and was a deputy of the II-IV Supreme Soviets of the Armenian SSR.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin twice and decorated with other medals.

Seeing that Gyumri's famous satirist Poloz Mukuch did not have a tombstone twenty years after death, Isahakyan ordered one, with  side of the tombstone reading "To Poloz Mukuch (Mkrtich Ghazarosi Melqonyan); and the other side - "A memento from the poet Avetik Isahakyan."

Avetik Isahakyan died in Yerevan in 1957. He is buried at Komitas Pantheon which is located in the city center of Yerevan.

Works

Upon his release from the prison, 1897, he published first compilation of his poems "Songs and Wounds", however soon was arrested again for his activities "against Russia's Tsar" and sent to Odessa. The lyricism, emotional charge and melody of his poems earned him immediate popularity. His best works are filled with sorrow and lament meditations about the fate of the humanity, injustice of life. His compositions are penetrated with love to one's motherland and people.

Between 1899 and 1906 he wrote "The Songs of Haiduks", a compilation of poems that became the first creation within classical Armenian poetry dedicated to the Armenian freedom struggle.

A symbolic story portraying the Armenian politics and Armenian cause of the 19th early 20th centuries must have been "Usta Karo", an unfinished novel, the work on which had accompanied the writer through all his life. "Usta Karo will be done on the day when the Armenian cause is resolved", the master himself used to say. Ishakyan could not get used the idea of a dismembered Armenia. With a deep emotional pain and bitterness in his heart he continued to believe that a time would come when the Armenian people would return to their native shores.

Isahakyan returned to the Soviet Armenia in 1926 where he published a new collection of his poems and stories (e.g. "A Pipe of Patience" - 1928). Between 1930 and 1936 he lived abroad where he acted as a friend of the Soviet Union. He later had finally moved back to Armenia where he continued his enormous social work. Among his works of that time are famous "Our historians and Our Minstrels" (1939), "To my Motherland" (1940), "Armenian Literature" (1942) or "Sasna Mher" (1937).

His poems are those of love and sorrow. His best work is "Abu-Lala Mahari" (1909–1911), while his other well-known works include "Songs and Novels" and "The Mother's Heart". Being a romantic, Isahakyan was best known for his verse "On the Bridge of Realto" dedicated to his first love.
During the Second World War of 1941–1945, he wrote patriotic poems like "Martial Call" (1941), "My Heart is at the Mountains' Top" (1941), "To the Undying Memory of S.G. Zakyan" (1942), "The Day of the Great Victory" (1945) and many other.
His creative work, filled with humanism, and a great respect to the human dignity, is deeply connected with the history and culture of the Armenian people, embracing the best traditions of the Russian and the World literature. The Russian poet Alexander Blok characterized him as a "first class poet, fresh and simple, whom one, perhaps, cannot find in Europe  anymore."

Isahakyan's works have been translated in many languages and his poems have been used as lyrics for new songs.

Legacy
One of the busiest streets of Yerevan, stretching for 1.1 km from Nalbandyan Street to Baghramyan Avenue in Yerevan's Kentron district is named after Isahakyan.
The bronze-granite statue of Avetik Isahakyan by sculptor Sargis Baghdasaryan and architect Liparit Sadoyan was opened in 1965 in Yerevan Circular Park The first public library of Yerevan opened on  Amiryan Street in 1935 was named after Avetik Isahakyan in 1955, on the 80th anniversary of the master.

Isahakyan's portrait appears on the Armenian 10,000 dram bill, it was also featured on 2000 Armenian postage stamp and 1975 U.S.S.R. postage stamp.

Bibliography
Avetik Isahakian:Notebooks of a Lyric Poet; translated, introduced, and annotated by Leon D. Megrian; Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1991,

See also
Statue of Avetik Isahakyan

References

External links
Isahakyan museum
Biography of Avetik Isahakian
Avetik Isahakian poems
Avetik Isahakian fairy tales
Selected Works Poetry and Prose

1875 births
1957 deaths
People from Gyumri
People from Erivan Governorate
Armenian male poets
20th-century Armenian poets
Soviet poets
Soviet male writers
20th-century male writers
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Burials at the Komitas Pantheon
Gevorgian Seminary alumni

Avetik Isahakyan