Peter Richard Killeen (born 1942) is an American psychologist who has made major contributions to a number of fields in the behavioral sciences. He has been one of the few premier contributors in quantitative analysis of behavior, and memory.

Life and work
In 1942, he was born in Orange, New Jersey. In 1964, he received his bachelor's degree in psychology in the honors college from Michigan State University and in 1969, his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Harvard University. He joined the faculty of Arizona State University and in 1978 rose to the rank of Professor of Psychology. He has been a visiting scholar, University of Texas, Austin 1984, Cambridge University in 1992, Centre for Advanced Study, Oslo, 2004

His honors include: Woodrow Wilson, NSF, and NIMH Graduate Fellowships, Graduate Student Faculty of the Year Award, Fellow of: American Psychological Association, American Psychological Society, Association for Behavior Analysis; Member, Psychonomic Society; Sigma Xi (President, ASU Chapter, 1986 – 87), Wakonse (teaching) Fellow, 1993, Fellow, Society of Experimental Psychologists (1997; Secretary/Treasurer 2000 – 3), Senior Scientist Award (1996; NIMH), President, Society for Quantitative Analysis of Behavior (1999 – 2002); Poetry in Science Award, SQAB, 2002, F. J. McGuigan Lectureship on Understanding the Human Mind (APA: 2004), Ernest and Josephine Hilgard Award for the Best Theoretical Paper (Killeen & Nash, 2003), Faculty of 1000 Citation as Must Read: Russell et al. (2006) Response variability in AD/HD.

In quantitative analysis of behavior, Killeen and Fetterman (1988) are the developers of a major behavioral theory of timing. Killeen has also developed a theory of learning as causal inference (1981) bringing these together in his paper on the perception of contingency in conditioning: Scalar timing, response bias, and the erasure of memory by reinforcement (Killeen, 1984). He also developed his Incentive theory based on adaptive clocks. He is one of the premier integrators and critics of models in quantitative analysis of behavior.

In the study of memory (Killeen, 2005; 2006) addressed the issue of ascending strength gradients or descending memory traces.

References
 Killeen, P. R. Learning as causal inference. (1981). In M. L. Commons & J. A. Nevin (Eds.), Quantitative studies of behavior. New York: Pergamon, pp. 289–312.
 Killeen, P. R. (1984). Incentive theory III: Adaptive Clocks. In J. Gibbon & L. Allen (Eds.), Timing and time perception. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 515–527.
 Killeen, P. R. (2005). An alternative to null hypothesis statistical tests. Psychological Science, 16, 345–353.
 Killeen, P. R. (2006). Beyond statistical inference: A decision theory for science. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 549–562.
 Killeen, P. R., & Fetterman, J. G. (1988). A behavioral theory of timing. Psychological Review, 95, 274–295.
 Killeen, P. R., & Smith, J. P. (1984). Perception of contingency in conditioning: Scalar timing, response bias, and the erasure of memory by reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 333–345.

1942 births
Michigan State University alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Arizona State University faculty
21st-century American psychologists
Living people
20th-century American psychologists

Peter Richard Killeen


The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The Confederate commander, Major-General Dick Taylor, chose Mansfield as the place where he would make his stand against the advancing Union army under General Nathaniel Banks. Taylor concentrated his forces at Sabine Crossroads, knowing that reinforcements were nearby. Banks prepared for a fight, though his own army was not fully assembled either. Both sides were reinforced by stages throughout the day. After a brief resistance, the Union army was routed by the Confederates, consisting mainly of units from Louisiana and Texas, reportedly strengthened by hundreds of men breaking parole.

The Battle of Mansfield was followed immediately by the Battle of Pleasant Hill.

Prelude
During the second half of March 1864, a combined force from the Union Army of the Gulf and navy led by Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, supported by Admiral David Porter's fleet of gunboats, ascended the Red River with the goal of defeating the Confederate forces in Louisiana and capturing Shreveport.  By April 1 Union forces had occupied Grand Ecore and Natchitoches. While the accompanying gunboat fleet with a portion of the infantry continued up the river, the main force followed the road inland toward Mansfield, where Banks knew his opponent was concentrating.

Major General Richard Taylor, in command of the Confederate forces in Louisiana, had retreated up the Red River in order to connect with reinforcements from Texas and Arkansas. Taylor selected a clearing a few miles south of Mansfield as the spot where he would take a stand against the Union forces. Sending his cavalry to harass the Union vanguard as it approached, Taylor called his infantry divisions forward.

The morning of April 8 found Banks's army stretched out along a single road through the woods between Natchitoches and Mansfield. When the cavalry at the front of the column found the Confederates taking a strong position along the edge of a clearing, they stopped and called for infantry support.  Riding to the front, Banks decided that he would fight Taylor at that spot, and he ordered all his infantry to hurry up the road.  It became a race to see which side could bring its forces to the front first.

Opposing forces

Confederate
At the start of the battle, Taylor had approximately 9,000 troops consisting of Brigadier General Alfred Mouton's Louisiana/Texas infantry division, Major General John G. Walker's Texas infantry division, Brigadier General Thomas Green's Texas cavalry division, and Colonel William Vincent's Louisiana cavalry brigade.  He had also called on the 5,000 men in the divisions of Brigadier General Thomas J. Churchill and Brigadier General Mosby M. Parsons that had been encamped near Keachi, between Mansfield and Shreveport.  These troops arrived late in the afternoon, after the battle had commenced.

Eyewitness accounts indicate that there were additional Louisiana men in the ranks. This included paroled soldiers from units that had surrendered at Vicksburg, including many members of company B of the 17th Louisiana Regiment, the Sabine Rebels. Historian Gary Joiner claimed that "there may have been from several hundred to several thousand of them."  The Confederate Governor of Louisiana, Henry Watkins Allen, had organized two battalions of the state guard and brought them to Taylor's aid, yet the documentary record is unclear as to what role they played in the battle. Joseph Blessington, a soldier in Walker's division, wrote that, "The Louisiana militia, under command of Governor Allen, was held in reserve, in case of an emergency." In addition, Blessington wrote that, from the surrounding communities, "old men shouldered their muskets and came to our assistance".

Union

At the start of the battle, the Union forces consisted of a cavalry division commanded by Brigadier General Albert L. Lee, consisting of approximately 3,500 men, and the 4th Division of the XIII Corps, commanded by Colonel William J. Landram, consisting of approximately 2,500 men. During the battle, the 3rd Division of the XIII Corps, commanded by General Robert A. Cameron, arrived with approximately 1,500 men. The battle ended when the pursuing Confederates met the 1st Division of the XIX Corps, commanded by Brigadier General William H. Emory, with approximately 5,000 men, including the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, the only regiment from the Keystone State to fight in the Union's 1864 Red River Campaign. Thomas E. G. Ransom commanded the XIII Corps during the engagement, while the XIX Corps was commanded by William B. Franklin.

Battle

During the morning, Taylor positioned Mouton's division on the east side of the clearing.  Walker's division arrived in the afternoon and formed on Mouton's right. As Green's cavalry fell back from the advancing Union forces, two brigades moved to Mouton's flank and the third to Walker's flank.   The Arkansas division arrived around 3:30 pm but was sent to watch a road to the east. The Missouri division did not arrive until around 6:00 pm, after the battle was fought.

At around noon, the Union cavalry division, supported by one infantry brigade of Landram's division, was deployed across a small hill at the south end of the clearing. Shortly thereafter the other brigade of Landram's division arrived. Cameron's division was on its way, but would not get there until the battle had already begun.

For about two hours the two sides faced each other across the clearing as Banks waited for more of his troops to arrive and Taylor arranged his men. At that point, Taylor enjoyed a numerical advantage over Banks. At about 4:00 pm, the Confederates surged forward. On the east side of the road, Mouton was killed, while several of his regimental commanders were hit as well and the charge of his division was repulsed. However, west of the road, Walker's Texas division wrapped around the Union position, folding it in on itself. Ransom was wounded trying to rally his men and was carried from the field; hundreds of Union troops were captured and the rest retreated in a panic. As the first Union line collapsed, Cameron's division was arriving to form a second line but it too was pushed back by the charging Confederates, with Franklin wounded as well but remaining on the field in command. For several miles the Confederates pursued the retreating Union troops until they encountered a third line formed by Emory's division. The Confederates launched several charges on the Union line but were repulsed, while nightfall ended the battle.

Aftermath
The Union forces had suffered 113 killed, 581 wounded, and 1,541 captured as well as the loss of 20 cannons, 156 wagons, and a thousand horses and mules, killed or captured. More than half of the Union casualties were from four regiments – 77th Illinois, 130th Illinois, 19th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry and 48th Ohio. Most of the Union casualties occurred in the XIII Corps, while the XIX Corps lost few men.

Kirby Smith reported that Confederate loss was "about 1,000 killed and wounded" at Mansfield, but precise details of Confederate losses were not recorded. The local town of Keachi converted its women's college into a hospital and morgue on its second floor. One hundred soldiers' remains are marked nearby in Keachi's Confederate Cemetery, maintained by the local Sons of Confederate Veterans and Daughters of the Confederacy.

After the Union troops retreated, they fought Confederates again on April 9 at the Battle of Pleasant Hill.

Battlefield preservation

On April 7, 2017, the American Battlefield Trust (then known as The Civil War Trust) announced that it had joined with Cleco, a regional energy company, to preserve  of the Mansfield Battlefield. The property was a donation from Cleco and was the first parcel associated with the battle's final phase that was preserved. Including the 14.5 acres, the Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved  of the battlefield.

Notes

Sources
 National Park Service Battle Summary
 CWSAC Report Update – Louisiana
 The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 1 – Volume 34 (Part I)
 Blessington, Joseph Palmer. The campaigns of Walker's Texas division. Lange, Little & Co., 1875.
 Brooksher, William Riley. War Along the Bayous: The 1864 Red River Campaign in Louisiana. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1998. .

 Irwin, Richard B. (Lieutenant-Colonel, U.S.V., Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of the Gulf) "The Red River Campaign", from Battles & Leaders of the Civil War, Volume 4

 Josephy, Jr., Alvin M. The Civil War in the American West. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991. .

 Smith, Edmund Kirby. "The Defense of the Red River", Battles & Leaders of the Civil War, Volume 4
 Taylor, Richard. Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War. W. Blackwood and Sons, 1879.

Further reading
 Ayres, Thomas. Dark and Bloody Ground: The Battle of Mansfield and the Forgotten Civil War in Louisiana. Dallas, TX: Taylor Trade Pub., 2001. .
 Wardlaw, Trevor P. "Sires and Sons: The Story of Hubbard's Regiment." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.

External links
 Map of Confederate Positions Captain R. M. Venable, April 1864, Gilmer Civil War Maps Collection
 Civil War Album

1864 in Louisiana
Mansfield
Mansfield
Mansfield
Mansfield
DeSoto Parish, Louisiana
April 1864 events

Battle of Mansfield


Suona (IPA: /swoʊˈnɑː/, ), also called dida (from Cantonese / [dīdá]), laba or haidi, is a traditional double-reeded Chinese musical instrument. The Suona's basic design originated in ancient Iran, then called "Sorna". Suona appeared in China around the 3rd century. It had a distinctively loud and high-pitched sound, and was used frequently in Chinese traditional music ensembles, particularly in those that perform outdoors. It was an important instrument in the folk music of northern China, particularly in provinces of Shandong and Henan, where it has long been used for festival and military purposes. It is still being used, in combination with sheng mouth organs, gongs, drums, and sometimes other instruments in weddings and funeral processions. Such wind and percussion ensembles are called chuida () or guchui (; this name refers to the suona itself in Taiwanese Hokkien).  Stephen Jones has written extensively on its use in ritual music of Shanxi. It was also common in the ritual music of Southeast China. In Taiwan, it was an essential element of ritual music that accompanied Daoist performances of both auspicious and inauspicious rites, i.e., those for both the living and the dead. One of the most famous piece that uses suona as the leading instrument is called "Bai Niao Chao Feng" (), or "Hundred Birds Worship the Phoenix". The movie Song of the Phoenix casts the rise and fall of the popularity of suona in modern Chinese musical history.

Construction
The suona as used in China had a conical wooden body, similar to that of the gyaling horn used by the Tibetan ethnic group, both of which used a metal, usually a tubular brass or copper bocal to which a small double reed was affixed, and possessed a detachable metal bell at its end. The double-reed gave the instrument a sound similar to that of the modern oboe. The traditional version had seven finger holes. The instrument was made in several sizes. The nazi (), a related instrument that was most commonly used in northern China, consisted of a suona reed (with bocal) that was played melodically. The pitches were changed by the mouth and hands.video Sometimes the nazi was played into a large metal horn for additional volume.

Modern Construction
Since the mid-20th century, "modernized" versions of the suona have been developed in China; incorporating mechanical keys similar to those of the European oboe, to allow for the playing of chromatic notes and equal tempered tuning (both of which were difficult to execute on the traditional suona). There is now a family of such instruments, including the zhongyin suona (), cizhongyin suona (), and diyin suona (). These instruments are used in the woodwind sections of modern large Chinese traditional instrument orchestras in China, Taiwan, and Singapore, though most folk ensembles prefer to use the traditional version of the instrument.  It is used in modern music arrangements as well, including in the works of Chinese rock musician Cui Jian, featuring a modernized suona-play in his song "Nothing To My Name" (一无所有) played by the saxophonist Liu Yuan.

Ranges of the orchestral "suona":
Piccolo suona in G, F and E ()
Sopranino suona in D, C and Bb ()
Soprano suona in A and G ()
Alto suona in F ()
Tenor suona in C ()
Bass suona in various keys ()
Contrabass Souna
octocontrabass Souna

The alto, tenor and bass varieties are normally keyed and the soprano varieties are sometimes keyed. The highest varieties are not normally keyed, but there are variants of them – usually in the key of C – that are keyed to assist in the playing of accidentals. The note played when the left hand's fingers and right index finger are covering the playing holes is considered the key of the instrument.

Use inside China
In modern, most of the performances of the Suona are performed at funerals, or in national orchestras because the Suona has a unique tone, a strong penetrating power, and a strong infectious power. For example, in the classic Suona piece "Bai Niao Chao Feng" (百鸟朝凤), which is performed in orchestra.

The influence of Suona on young people in 21st Century
Because of its unique sound, the Suona has become one of the most popular instruments among young people today, because they can use traditional instruments to perform the modern repertoire. Nowadays, Suona even appears in band performances, festival performances, music programs, movies, and in any other way, and is widely loved by young people.

History

Origins
Although the origin of the suona in China is unclear, with some texts dating the use of the suona as far back as the Jin dynasty (266–420), there is a consensus that the suona originated outside of the domains of ancient Chinese kingdoms, possibly having been developed from Central Asian instruments such as the sorna  or zurna, from which its Chinese name may have been derived. Other sources state the origins of the suona were Arabia, or India. A musician playing an instrument very similar to a suona was shown on a drawing on a Silk Road religious monument in the western Xinjiang province. It dates to the 3rd or 5th centuries, and depictions dating to this period found in Shandong and other regions of northern China depicted it being played in military processions, sometimes on horseback. It was not mentioned in Chinese literature until the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), but by this time, the suona was already established in northern China.

Other instruments related to the suona may have also descended from the Asian zurna, such as the European shawm. Other examples include the Korean taepyeongso, the Vietnamese kèn and the Japanese charumera. () The latter's name is derived from charamela, the Portuguese word for shawm. Its sound was well known throughout Japan, as it is often used today by street vendors selling ramen.

Use outside China
The suona was used as a traditional instrument by Cubans in Oriente and Havana, having been introduced by Chinese immigrants during the colonial era. Known locally as corneta china, it has been one of the lead instruments in the conga carnival music of Santiago de Cuba since 1915. In Havana, the term "trompeta china" () was sometimes used.

In America, the jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman often played the suona in his performances, calling it a "musette". English bassist and saxophonist Mick Karn used the instrument crediting it as a dida.

The same instrument, also called a "musette", was used in "Oriental Bands" of the Shriner fraternal organization. Dressed in "Arabic" garb with mallet drums, Oriental Bands marched in parades that featured "little cars" driven by members. They wore the Fez (hat). They arrested bystanders, gave them a whisky and let them go. The instrument was not known to be of Chinese origin, just "Oriental". Dewey Redmond possibly got his soprano suona as a former Shriner import. The Shriners even supplied the reeds (which are a constant issue because every reed is different).

Playing style
There are many different ways to play the Suona, as each region's Suona will be different. Modern improvements have even changed the way it is made, adding keys to enhance the range and stability of the Suona.

The most important aspect of the Suona playing style is the breathing method, and there are currently six ways to play it.

 Circular breathing method
 Air trill
 Tooth trill
 Finger trill
 Small-arm trill
 Tongue trill

Notable performers
Liu Qi-Chao ()
Liu Yuan (), saxophonist with Cui Jian's band, who trained on the suona at the Beijing Art School (), and who used the instrument on Cui's 1994 album Hongqi xia de dan ()

The famous repertoire of the Suona

 "Quan Jia Fu"(全家福)
 "Tai Hua Jiao"(抬花轎)

 "Liu Zi Kai Men"(六字開門)

 "Yi Zhi Hua"(一枝花)
 "Feng Yang Ge Jiao Ba Ban"(鳳陽歌絞八板 )
 "Tian Yue"(天乐)

See also
Traditional Chinese musical instruments
Guan (instrument)
Lingm
Zurna
Piccolo oboe
Rhaita
Kangling
Sopila
Shehnai

References

Wang, Min (2001). The Musical and Cultural Meanings of Shandong Guchuiyue from the People's Republic of China.  PhD dissertation.  Kent, Ohio:  Kent State University.
New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London, 2001).
Jones, Stephen (2007). Ritual and Music of North China: Shawm Bands in Shanxi Province. SOAS Musicology Series.  Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing.

External links
Suona website (Chinese)
 Suona and Bagpipe Duet – Unique Public Performance, Zhongzi Wu & Dave All, Vancouver, B.C., Oct.21, 2010.

Audio
http://music.cn.yahoo.com/search?pid=ysearch&source=ysearch_music_result_topsearch&p=%DF%EF%C4%C5&mimetype=all Click the image of the headphones to play a track.

Single oboes with conical bore
Chinese musical instruments

Suona


Efter endnu en dag ("After Another Day" in English) is the sixth studio album by Gasolin' and was released in November 1976. It was the last Gasolin' album to be produced by Roy Thomas Baker.

In Efter endnu en dag the bombastic rock of Stakkels Jim and Gas 5 was replaced by a more eclectic sound, making this album their equivalent of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

"Pilli villi" and "Pas på svinget i solrød" are up-tempo rock songs, while "De fem årstider" and "This Is My Life" are ballads. In between are sing-along pop hymns such as "Sirenesangen" and swing jazz songs such as "Bella Donna". "Stenalderjazz" is an instrumental played by a symphony ensemble and not by Gasolin'. It was arranged by Palle Mikkelborg. The title song and "De gule enker" would surface again on Killin' Time as "Closer" and "Magic Garden". "This Is My Life" can be heard in an up-tempo rock version on Kim Larsen's Kim Larsen og Yankee drengene (1978) and Live i Skandinavien (1978).

Efter endnu en dag was not well received by the critics who accused Gasolin' of delusions of grandeur, but the album attained platinum. It was engineered by Freddy Hansson and recorded in Sweet Silence Studio in Copenhagen and Trente Mølle in Funen. From this album "Sirenesangen" / "De gule enker" and "Pas på svinget i solrød" / "Bella Donna" were released as singles.

Efter endnu en dag was released on CD in 1987 with Gas 5 but due to lack of space, "Mama Cucu", "Twilight Birds", and "Stenalderjazz" were omitted. In 1991 it was remastered for CD and it is also included on The Black Box (2003). Efter endnu en dag was released in Spain as Al cerrarse un nuevo dia with song titles in Spanish translation, but sung in Danish.

Track list
All songs written by Gasolin', lyrics by Gasolin' and Mogens Mogensen except where noted.

"Pilli Villi" (Gasolin', Wendorf-Mogensen) – 3:23
"Mamma CuCu" (Gasolin', Beck-Moloney) – 2:55
"Bella Donna" – 2:45
"Kloden drejer stille rundt" – 4:04
"De gule enker" – 1:42
"Sirenesangen" – 4:35
"Twilight Birds" (Gasolin', Moloney) – 2:54
"Tantes foto" – 2:26
"De fem årstider" – 3:10
"Pas på svinget i Solrød" (Gasolin', Steensted-Mogensen) – 2:37
"Stenalderjazz" (Gasolin') – 2:57
"This Is My Life" (Gasolin', Beck, Moloney) – 3:38

Note: M. Mogensen, D. Beck and M. Moloney co-wrote the lyrics with Gasolin'.

Personnel

Gasolin'
Søren Berlev – drums
Franz Beckerlee – guitar
Wili Jønsson – bass guitar
Kim Larsen – vocals

Additional Personnel
Anne Linnet and Lis Sørensen – backup vocals on "Mamma Cucu" and "Twllight Birds"
Birgitte Lindhardt – vocal solo on "This Is My Life"
Fessors Big City Band: (Finn Otto Hansen, Steen Vig, Elith "Nulle" Nykjær, Ole "Fessor" Linggreen, Torben "Plys" Petersen, Ole Skipper Mosgaard, Thorkild Møller & "Bageren") on "Bella Donna"
Producer – Roy Thomas Baker
Engineer – Freddy Hansson
Assistant engineer – Flemming Rasmussen

References

Gasolin' albums
1976 albums
Albums produced by Roy Thomas Baker
Columbia Records albums

Efter endnu en dag


Joe Fiorito is a Canadian journalist and author.

Early life
Fiorito was born June 22, 1948, in Fort William, Ontario. He is third generation Italian-Canadian. His Italian family hails from Ripabottoni, in Molise.

His father was a mailman and a musician. His mother was a waitress. He had three brothers. He wrote about his family life in the acclaimed memoir, "The Closer We Are To Dying".

Career

After working for several years in community development, he joined the CBC in 1980 as the manager of CFFB Radio in Frobisher Bay, now Iqaluit. He then worked as a CBC Radio producer in Regina from 1985 to 1991. While at the CBC, he was president of his union local and in 1998 he was elected president of the National Radio Producers' Association.

He left the CBC to become a freelance journalist in Montreal, where he was a columnist for HOUR magazine, and the Montreal Gazette. Montreal Gazette. He won a National Newspaper Award for his Gazette columns in 1995.

He moved to Toronto in 1997, where he wrote city columns for the National Post, The Globe and Mail and "The Toronto Star". His columns focussed on the small details of daily life, with a particular focus on social housing, mental health issues, addictions, and poverty. His column about the eviction and subsequent death of a tenant in community housing led to a public inquiry and a series of reforms in the treatment of elderly tenants in community housing in Toronto.

Personal life
Joe Fiorito is married to Susan Mahoney. His son, Matt, is a punk musician in Vancouver.

Regarding his Italian roots, Fiorotto had this to say in an interview with italocanadese.com, "My heritage is a faded fresco; I'm third generation. But I have the legacy of the stories of the old days, and I am loyal to the plate on my table. What is clear and indelible, however, is the link to the village of my grandparents – Ripabottoni, in Molise, is the fountain of all of us with the last name Fiorito. Frankly, my last name tends to tie some people in knots, and so it is a test, but it is also an identifier: a guy in Milan, on hearing my name said, "Oh, a peasant." Anywhere I am, I am never unaware of who I am."

Awards and honours
1995 - National Newspaper Award for columns
2000 - Brassani Prize for Short Fiction
2001 - Acerbi Prize nomination
2003 - Toronto Book Award for The Song Beneath the Ice
2010 - Al Gosling Award
2011 - R. Gordon Bell Award
2012 - Canadian Helen Keller Centre Award
2021 - The Kouhi Award

Bibliography

 Comfort Me with Apples (Nuage Editions, 1994 columns; updated McClelland & Stewart, 2000)
 Tango on the Main (Nuage Editions, 1996 columns)
 The Closer We Are to Dying (McClelland & Stewart, 1999) - memoir
The Song Beneath the Ice (M&S 2002 novel)
 Union Station (M&S 2006 non-fiction)
Rust Is A Form of Fire (Guernica Editions 2015 poetry)
The Life Crimes and Hard Times of Ricky Atkinson, Leader of the Dirty Tricks Gang (Exile Editions 2017 co-author)
City Poems (Exile Editions 2018 poetry)
'' All I Have Learned Is Where I Have Been (Signal Editions 2020 poetry)

References

1948 births
Canadian columnists
Canadian male novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Writers from Thunder Bay
Toronto Star people
Living people
Canadian people of Italian descent
Canadian male essayists
21st-century Canadian essayists
21st-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian memoirists
Canadian male poets
21st-century Canadian poets

Joe Fiorito


The discography of Indonesian-born French singer-songwriter Anggun consists of eleven studio albums, two soundtrack albums, three greatest hits albums, seven single compilations, 38 singles and 20 music videos. Anggun began performing at the age of seven and recorded a children's album two years later. Her debut studio album, Dunia Aku Punya, was released in 1986 under Billboard Indonesia, but did not achieve commercial success. Her popularity was later established after the success of the single "Mimpi", which was listed as one of the 150 Greatest Indonesian Songs of All Time. With the release of subsequent singles and three more studio albums— Anak Putih Abu Abu, Nocturno and Anggun C. Sasmi... Lah!!!—Anggun became one of the most successful Indonesian rock singers in the early 1990s. In 1993, she became the youngest Indonesian singer to found her own record company, Bali Cipta Records. By the age of 19, she had sold over four million albums in Indonesia.

In 1994, Anggun released a greatest hits album, Yang Hilang, and move to Europe to pursue an international career. In 1996, she signed to Columbia Records and released her first French-language album, Au nom de la lune. "La neige au Sahara" was released as the album first single and quickly became a hit in France, peaking at number 1 on the French Airplay Chart and number 16 on the French Singles Chart. The English version of the album, Snow on the Sahara, was released by Sony Music Entertainment in 33 countries across Asia, Europe and America. It sold over 2 million copies worldwide and received Diamond Export award. The single, "Snow on the Sahara", topped the charts in Italy, Spain and several countries in Asia, and the top five on the UK Club Chart. In the United States, the album peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums Chart and shipped 200,000 units. The single also charted at number 16 on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play and number 22 on the Billboard Adult Top 40.

Anggun's second international album, Chrysalis for English version and Desirs contraires for French version, was released in 2000 and was certified Platinum Export award. Its lead single, "Still reminds Me" which reached the top five on the European Border Breakers Chart. Anggun released a soundtrack album to Danish film Open Hearts in 2002. The single, "Open Your Heart", charted at number 51 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and earned Anggun a nomination for Best Song at the 2003 Robert Awards, the Danish equivalent of Academy Awards. Her contract with Columbia and Sony Music ended in 2003 due to the company's structural change. She signed a new record deal with Heben Music, an independent label in France. In 2005, Anggun released her third international studio album, Luminescence, which shares the same title in both English and French. The album sold over 1 million copies worldwide and produced the single "Saviour", which was featured on the soundtrack of the film Transporter 2. The single topped the charts in France, the Ukraine and Indonesia; "Undress Me" was also released in several countries, reaching number 1 in Turkey and Lebanon.

In 2008, Anggun released her fourth international album, Elevation, which saw her experiment with hip hop and urban music. Her first single "Crazy" was released in international market, French version of "Si tu l'avoues" and Indonesian version of "Jadi Milikmu". She had collaboration with Russian singer Max Lorens for single "О нас с тобой" a version of Russian single from "No Song". In Indonesia, it sold over 550.000 copies album and certificated Double Platinum by ASIRI. Unfortunately, the album became lowest sales in the whole of international market.

Anggun' fifth international album, Echoes (English version) and Échos (French version) was released in May 2011 under the label April Earth, his own record company. It had produced two singles: "Mon meilleur amour" and "Je partirai". The single "Mon meilleur amour" topped the charts at number 1 on Indonesia Airplay Chart and French International Airplay Chart and also earning Platinum Export Award with sales of 300.500 copies. The album was certificated 4× Platinum in 1 week on Indonesia. On November 20, 2015, Anggun has released the sixth French-language album Toujours un ailleurs by TF1 Musique. It debuted at number 43 in the France and Belgium.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Soundtrack albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Music videos

Notes

References

External links
 Anggun official website

Discography
Discographies of Indonesian artists
Pop music discographies
Contemporary R&B discographies
Rock music group discographies

Anggun discography


Malcolm in the Middle is an American sitcom. It was shown on Fox. It ran from January 9, 2000 to May 14, 2006. Malcolm in the Middle won 9 Emmy Awards, 1 Peabody Award and 1 Grammy Award.

Cast
Frankie Muniz as Malcolm
Jane Kaczmarek as Lois
Bryan Cranston as Hal
Justin Berfield as Reese
Christopher Masterson as Francis
Erik Per Sullivan as Dewey

Production

Development
The pilot was initially developed for UPN with Regency Television for the 1998–99 television season but when UPN's enthusiasm for the project waned, Gail Berman managed to rescue the pilot by bringing the project to Fox. The show was then moved to the 1999–2000 cycle where it was picked up by Fox.

Opening title
The show's opening title features short clips from cult films or television shows, edited together with clips from the pilot and early episodes of the show, set to the song "Boss of Me" by They Might Be Giants.

Filming
Much of the filming for Malcolm in the Middle was done on location in various parts of the thirty-mile zone around Los Angeles. A privately owned home, located at 12334 Cantura Street in Studio City, California, was rented for upwards of $3,000 a day to film as Malcolm's house. Rebuilt in 2011, the property is no longer recognizable due to its modern two-floor design. However, the house directly to the left of it is nearly identical to what it looked like during filming, still making it a frequent stop for fans of the show. School scenes were filmed at Colfax Charter Elementary School, in North Hollywood, and the Lucky Aide was represented by a Drug Emporium at 6020 Lankershim Boulevard in North Hollywood. In "Stock Car Races", when Hal and the boys are entering a race track, the billboard behind the entrance displays the place as Irwindale Speedway, a real race track in Southern California. The last episode in the first season ("Water Park") was filmed at a water park called Wild Rivers (now closed as of 2011) located in Irvine, California. Though palm trees and desert scenery are seen in shots of the local region and town throughout the show, indicating a location in the Western United States, it is never revealed which state the show is set in (except for Francis's whereabouts in early seasons, such as his military school in Alabama and his job in Alaska).

Studio filming for Malcolm in the Middle took place on Stage 21 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City.

Hallmarks of the series' filming and structure, many of which heavily influenced later programs, included the following:

 A cold open presenting one or more family members in an absurd situation that has little or nothing to do with the main plot of the episode.
 A split-second whip pan as a transition from one scene to another.
 Frequent pieces to camera delivered by Malcolm.
 An abrupt cut to black at the end of each segment, accompanied by the sound of a slamming door.

During the final two seasons, Christopher Masterson reduced his on-screen time in favor of writing and directing some episodes.

Music
The show's theme song, "Boss of Me", was written and recorded by the alternative rock group They Might Be Giants. The song won the "Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media" award at the 2002 Grammy Awards. The band also performed nearly all of the incidental music for the show in its first two seasons.

Mood-setting music is sprinkled throughout the series, in lieu of audience laughter, in a way that resembles feature film more than other TV sitcoms. Some examples of this highly varied music include ABBA, Basement Jaxx, Sum 41, Kenny Rogers, Lemon Jelly, Lords of Acid, The Getaway People, En Vogue, Electric Light Orchestra, Fatboy Slim, Phil Collins, Claude Debussy, Tears for Fears, Quiet Riot, Queen, Chaka Khan and Citizen King, whose song "Better Days" is played at the end of both the pilot episode and the series finale. The Southern California pop-punk band Lit have many of their songs featured in several episodes. Lit songs that were never released as singles were also used.

A soundtrack, Music from Malcolm in the Middle, was released on November 21, 2000.

Other websites
Malcolm in the Middle on fox.com

2000 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American sitcoms
Emmy Award winning programs
Grammy Award winners
Peabody Award winners
Television series about brothers
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about suburbia
English-language television programs

Malcolm in the Middle


Michel Mossessian (born 11 November 1959) is a French architect of Armenian origin, based in London, UK.

Education
Michel Mossessian gained his diploma in architecture at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts UP N°8 (Paris Belleville), where he also engaged in philosophy under Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault. He was a recipient of the Villa Medicis Hors les Murs fellowship and went on to the Cooper Union School of Architecture in New York, where he studied Advanced Design. He subsequently completed his master's degree in design studies at Harvard Graduate School of Design in Cambridge, MA, where he studied with Raphael Moneo and Bill Mitchell, along with studies at the MIT media Lab on artificial intelligence.

Early career
Mossessian worked for Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) as Senior Designer in their Chicago office and as Design Director at the London offices. Along with Senior partner, Larry Oltmanns, they made a successful bid resulting in the design and completion in 2017 of the new NATO headquarters in Brussels.

Mossessian Architecture
In 2005, Mossessian established the architectural studio of Mossessian & Partners, where he serves as principal architect. His first building design in London was the Carmine Building, 5 Merchant Square, a 15-storey office building at Five Merchant Square. As part of the Paddington Basin Development, the building was topped off in 2009, by the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson.

In 2010, Mossessian & Partners completed three buildings: 5 Merchant Square (headquarters for Marks and Spencers) in Paddington, London; ExxonMobil Headquarters in Shanghai, China; and a private residence in Sorede, France.

In 2011, the company won an open international competition for an urban renewal project in the Medina of Fes, Morocco which is now on site.

In 2015 the practice was renamed Mossessian Architecture. Since that time Mossessian Architecture has designed 4 phases of a regeneration scheme in Doha (Msheireb), two buildings in Central London's King's Cross area, and won an international competition to design a museum of the Islamic Faith in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Outside of the practice, Mossessian lectures widely at schools of architecture and cultural institutions. Currently he is a visiting professor at Imperial College London where he lectures on how architecture affects well-being. He also personally organises events to promote innovation and development in the industry.

Design approach
Mossessian has a reputation for being at the helm of new approaches and technologies. Edwin Heathcote, Architecture Critic at the Financial Times, described Mossessian as follows: "Very few architects are able to blend the seductively reductive commercial architecture of Mid-Century Chicago with the lightness of touch and creative flair of contemporary European design — Mossessian is at the forefront of those few."

His original Black Box method has become a staple of every project the practice delivers and ensures a shared vision from the outset.

Mossessian is deeply interested in cultural localism and architecture that is concerned with far more than the buildings themselves. Propelled by his vision of creating culturally responsive architecture, he has sought out like-minded organisations, such as UNESCO and the MCC.

Significant projects
 S1 building in King's Cross, London – under construction
 S2 building in King's Cross, London - under construction
 Place Lalla Yeddouna in Fes, Morocco - under construction
 Msheireb development in Doha, Qatar – under construction
 5 Merchant Square (Marks and Spencers Headquarters), London – completed 2010
 ExxonMobil Building in Shanghai, China – completed 2010
 Exchange House, London, UK
 1 Fleet Place, London, UK - completed 1992
 NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium – with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
 Villa Olympica Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain – with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
 Broadgate in London, UK – with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Awards, recognition and other highlights
5 Merchant Square

- MIPIM Special Tribute to the Country of Honour, UK

- LEAF Commercial Building of the Year 2012

- Runner up for 2011 BCO Awards

Place Lalla Yeddouna

- Winner of 2014 AR Future Project Cultural Regeneration Award

- Winner of 2011 Holcim Awards, Urban Precinct Reconstruction & Rehabilitation

- World Architecture Festival Cultural Regeneration Award 2013

- LEAF Best Future Building 2012

- World Architecture Festival Cultural Regeneration 2011

Msheireb Doha Qatar

- Overall Winner 2012 AR Future Projects Awards

- Winner of 2011 AR Future Project Sustainability Award

- World Architecture Festival Public Realm Award 2013

- World Architecture Festival Residential Award 2011

Competitions Awards

2016 Makkah Museum, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia  [24] - 1st prize winning entry, expected completion 2020

2014 King's Cross Argent, S1 and S2 block  - Winning entry, completion 2018 and 2020

2013 Worldcup Stadium, Qatar - Confidential

2011 Mushereib Heart of Doha, phase 4  - Winning entry, 4 high rises, completion 2020

2011 Place Lalla Yedouna, Fez - 1st prize winning entry, completion 2017

2010 Mushereib Heart of Doha, Qatar, phase 3 - Winning entry, super block T1, completion 2018

Gallery

References
Notes

External links

 Mossessian & Partners Official Website
 MOSSESSIAN & PARTNERS, LONDON: MIXITY, MÉTISSAGE AND COLLABORATIONS from SPACE Magazine

1959 births
Living people
Architects from Paris
École des Beaux-Arts alumni
French people of Armenian descent
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
Cooper Union alumni
French architects
Armenian architects
French emigrants to England

Michel Mossessian


Roger Alfred Nixon (August 8, 1921 – October 13, 2009) was an American composer, musician, and professor of music. He wrote over 60 compositions for orchestra, band, choir and opera. Nixon received multiple awards and honors for his works, many of which contain a feel of the rhythms and dances of the early settlers of his native state of California.

Biography
Nixon was born and raised in California's Central Valley towns of Tulare and Modesto. Nixon attended Modesto Junior College from 1938–1940 where he studied clarinet with Frank Mancini, formerly of John Philip Sousa's band.  He continued his studies at UC Berkeley, majoring in composition and receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1941. His studies were then interrupted by almost four years of active duty in the Navy during World War II, serving as the commanding officer of an LCMR in the Atlantic.

Following the war Nixon returned to UC Berkeley, first receiving a M.A. degree and later a Ph.D.  His primary teacher was Roger Sessions. He also studied with Arthur Bliss, Ernest Bloch, Charles Cushing, and Frederick Jacobi. In the summer of 1948, he studied privately with Arnold Schoenberg.

From 1951 to 1959, Nixon was on the music faculty at Modesto Junior College. He was then appointed to the faculty at San Francisco State College, now San Francisco State University, in 1960 and began a long association with the Symphonic Band, which premiered many of his works.  Most of Nixon's works are for band, but he has also composed for orchestra, chamber ensembles, solo piano, choral ensembles, as well as song cycles and an opera. His most popular and most-performed work is Fiesta del Pacifico, a piece for concert band.

Nixon received several awards including a Phelan Award, the Neil A. Kjos Memorial Award, and five grants from the National Endowment for the Arts. He was elected to the American Bandmasters Association in 1973, the same year he won the association's Ostwald Award for his composition  Festival Fanfare March. In 1997, Nixon was honored by the Texas Bandmasters Association as a Heritage American Composer. At his death, he was Professor Emeritus of Music at San Francisco State University.

His students at San Francisco State University include Kent Nagano.

Nixon died on October 13, 2009, from complications from leukemia at Mills Peninsula Hospital in Burlingame, California.

Selected works
Stage
 The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, Opera in 4 scenes (1967); libretto by Ray Benedict West, Jr. adapted from the short story by Stephen Crane

Orchestra
 Air for Strings for string orchestra (1948)
 Mooney's Grove Suite (1964, revised 1967)
 Three Dances (1962)
 Overture

Concertante
 Concerto for violin and orchestra (1950s)
 Reflections for flute and band (1965)
 Elegiac Rhapsody for viola and orchestra; initially composed as a separate work, used as movement II of the Viola Concerto
 Concerto for viola and orchestra (1969)
 Two Elegies for solo cello and cello ensemble (1978, 1984)

Concert band
 Music of Appreciation (1944, premiered 1992, published 1994)
 Elegy and Fanfare-March (1958, revised 1967)
 Fiesta del Pacifico (1960)
 Prelude and Fugue (1961)
 San Joaquin Sketches (1962, revised 1982)
 Nocturne (1965)
 Reflections (1965)
 Centennial Fanfare-March (1970); composed for the centennial of the founding of Modesto, California
 A  Solemn Processional (published 1971)
 Festival Fanfare-March (1971); received the 1973 Ostwald Award of the American Bandmasters Association
 Psalm (1972, revised 1979)
 Music for a Civic Celebration (1975)
 Pacific Celebration Suite (1976)
 Chamarita! (1981)
 Academic Tribute (1982, published 1987)
 California Jubilee (1984)
 Arises the New Flower (1985)
 Flower of Youth (1988, published 1992)
 A Centennial Overture (1995)
 A Lyric Remembrance (1997)
 Las Vegas Holiday (2001)
 Monterey Holidays (2001)
 Mondavi Fanfare

Brass
 Ceremonial Fanfare No. 1 for brass (1976)
 Ceremonial Piece for brass (1976, published 1980); composed for Bicentennial of America
 Concert Prelude for brass (1982–1988)

Chamber music
 String Quartet (1949)
 Nocturne for flute and piano (1960)
 Four Duos for flute or oboe (or violin) and clarinet (or viola) (1966)
 Movement for clarinet and piano (1975)
 Variations for bass clarinet (1978)
 Conversations for violin and clarinet (1981)
 Variations for bassoon (1982, published 1983)
 Duo (Dialog) for flute and alto flute (published 1982)
 Two Duos for piccolo and E clarinet (or flute) (published 1982)
 Three Duos for flute and clarinet (1983)
 Music for Clarinet and Piano, 5 Movements (1986)
 Variations for clarinet and cello (1991)

Piano
 Five Piano Preludes (1946)
 Twelve Preludes (1984)
 Music for Piano (1994)
 Twenty-Four Preludes (1946–2000)

Vocal
 Chinese Seasons, Song Cycle for soprano and piano (1942); words from The Hundred Names
 Six Moods of Love, Song Cycle for soprano and piano (1940s?)
     I Am Dark and Fair to See; anonymous words
     I Am in Love with High, Farseeing Places; words by Arthur Davison Ficke
     Grief, Find the Words; words by Philip Sidney
     It Was a Quiet Way; words by Emily Dickinson
     Psalm to My Beloved; words by Eunice Tietjens
     A Decade; words by Amy Lowell
 Gliding o'er All for voice and piano (1972); words by Walt Whitman
 A Narrative of Tides, Song Cycle for mezzo-soprano, flute and piano (1984); words from A Ring of Willows by Eric Barker
 Three Transcendental Songs on Poems by Walt Whitman for mezzo-soprano and piano (1979)

Choral
 Firwood for mixed chorus a cappella (1960); words by John Clare
 Now Living Things for mixed chorus a cappella (1961); words by Leonard Nathan
 The Wind for mixed chorus a cappella (published 1962); words from A Child's Garden of Verses by Robert Louis Stevenson
 Swallows for mixed chorus a cappella (1963); words by Robert Louis Stevenson
 By-By-Baby, Lullay! for mixed chorus a cappella (1965); anonymous words from the 15th century
 Ditty for treble voices (SA) with piano (1966); words from Songs of Travel by Robert Louis Stevenson
 Love's Secret for male chorus a cappella (1967); words by William Blake
 To the Evening Star for mixed chorus a cappella (1967); words by William Blake
 Christmas Perspectives for mixed voices a cappella (1980)
 Festival Mass for mixed chorus and organ (1980)
 Chaunticleer, Motet for male chorus a cappella (1984); words by Geoffrey Chaucer
 From the Canterbury Tales for mixed voices a cappella (1986); words by Geoffrey Chaucer in translation by Anne Worthington Prescott
 Chaucerian Visions for mixed voices and piano (1987); words by Geoffrey Chaucer in translation by Anne Worthington Prescott
 Wonders of Christmas for soloists and mixed chorus a cappella (1993)
     How Great a Mystery; traditional words
     So Gracious Is the Time; words by William Shakespeare
     Green Grow'th the Holly ; anonymous words from the 16th century
     The Star of Christmas Morning; traditional words
     Nativity Morn; words by John Milton
     The Stable; anonymous words
 Our Joyful Feast for mixed chorus a cappella (published 2002); words by George Wither
 The Christmas Tree for mixed chorus a cappella
 Long, Long Ago for mixed chorus a cappella

Further reading
 Anthony Mazzaferro, "Roger A. Nixon and His Works for Band", Journal of Band Research (Fall 1988)

References

Telephone interview of February 20, 1989 by Nicholas Pasquariello

External links
American Bandmaster

Windband
Online Archive of California
Interview with Roger Nixon, January 16, 1988

1921 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from cancer in California
American male classical composers
American classical composers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from Tulare, California
Musicians from Modesto, California
San Francisco State University faculty
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Pupils of Roger Sessions
20th-century classical composers
Modesto Junior College alumni
Pupils of Ernest Bloch
Pupils of Arnold Schoenberg
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from California
20th-century American male musicians

Roger Nixon


KeyPoint Federal Credit Union was a credit union headquartered in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and chartered and regulated under the authority of the National Credit Union Administration). Like all credit unions, KeyPoint Federal is owned by its membership, governed by a Board of volunteers, elected by and from the membership.

KeyPoint Federal Credit Union was founded as COPO Federal Credit Union in 1955 by a small group of committed and concerned employees of the Copolymer Rubber & Chemical Corporation, which later became DSM Copolymer.  In 2003, COPO received a community charter from the national administration giving them the ability to open their membership to anyone who lives, works, worships, attends school in or is a business entity in East Baton Rouge, West Baton Rouge, Livingston, and Ascension Parishes (Louisiana) Since then, the credit union has grown to serve over 7,500 members and handle finances totaling over $400 million.

KeyPoint was noted as being the first credit union in the Baton Rouge area to obtain a community charter, and was quickly followed by many others in the region.

In 2006, KeyPoint approved a $409,891.98 loan to Keryn Goynes, who later pleaded guilty to charges of making a false statement to a credit union.

As of 2012, KeyPoint Federal Credit Union was merged with and is now known as Neighbors Federal Credit Union.

References

External links
Keypoint Federal Credit Union website
Keypoint Credit Union asset statistics
Keypoint Federal Credit Union blog

Banks established in 1955
Credit unions based in Louisiana
Companies based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
1955 establishments in Louisiana

KeyPoint Federal Credit Union


Ben Yennie is an American producer's representative, speaker, author, and entrepreneur working at the intersection of technology and film. He's helped to package, finance, market, and distribute 15 films to date, generally receiving the title of executive producer for his role as a producer's rep. He has written three books to date (most notably a guide to the American Film Market and a macroeconomic study of the film industry), co-founded a film oriented project management company called ProductionNext, and is also known as a blogger, and event organizer.

Producer's Representative
In 2014 Ben founded Guerrilla Rep Media, a producer's representation firm. Some of the films he's worked on have been released theatrically and shown on outlets such as Starz and Showtime. He is best known for Queen of the Capital, Goodland, Cicada Moon, and The Devil's Restaurant. Films he has represented have been accepted to the Slamdance Film Festival and many other film festivals.

Speaker
Ben has spoken at many conferences including the Seattle Film Summit, The Dona Ana Arts Council, and various in person events in and around San Francisco. He has also appeared on many podcasts, including The Lean Startup Podcast, the Indie Film Hustle Podcast, the Making Movies is Hard Podcast, and the Nancy Fulton Podcast.

Author
Ben is the author of The Guerrilla Rep: American Film Market Distribution Success on No Budget. The book is currently in its second edition. Debbie Brubaker, unit production manager of Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine, Tim Burton's Big Eyes, and Gus Van Sant's When We Rise wrote the preface. Oscar-nominated producer Marc Smolowitz wrote the foreword. This book has been used as a supplemental text at multiple film schools. Ben also wrote the State of the Film Industry Report, which was a first of its kind report on the macroeconomics of the film industry. Data was gathered with the help of IndieWire, Stage 32, and Fandor. Ben also heads the blogs for Guerrilla Rep Media which focuses primarily on the business of the film industry and serves as editor for the ProductionNext blog which focuses more on production and general critique of the film industry.

Entrepreneur
In 2015, Ben co-founded a project management company called ProductionNext. ProductionNext is a cloud-based project management system specifically designed for independent film. Ben has served periodically as an adviser and organizer for several angel investment groups targeted at the arts. Previously, Ben served as executive director for Producer Foundry, a community organization and business school for independent film.

References

American film producers
Living people
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Ben Yennie


John "Hopper" Hopkins (born May 22, 1983) is a former motorcycle road racer based in the United States. During 2017 he raced in the British Superbike Championship aboard a Ducati 1199 Panigale for Moto Rapido Racing, but suffered injuries from a crash at the season-finale race meeting in October, meaning he could not participate during 2018. He has not made a full recovery, which has so far precluded hopes of a comeback, but he has become involved in rider coaching.

From 2020, Hopkins became a rider-coach for American Racing team helping Joe Roberts and Marcos Ramirez in Moto2.

In a 2007 interview, he was questioned about being regarded as Anglo-American, with the interviewer commenting: "A lot of people don't understand your being British. As I understand it, your entire family moved over here from England, and you were raised here as a British family in America".

After riding a Ducati in the British Superbike Championship during the 2015 season, in 2016 he raced a Yamaha YZF-R1 for Tommy Hill's THM team partnered by Stuart Easton.

Hopkins raced previously in MotoGP, the AMA Superbike Championship, and the Superbike World Championship. He first raced in MotoGP during 2002 for the Red Bull Yamaha WCM team on a two-stroke 500 cc bike, and joined the factory Suzuki squad a year later for a five-year spell. He raced for the Kawasaki MotoGP team in 2008, but they dropped him for 2009 due to the global economic crisis and the company's uncompetitive showings. He has subsequently raced in both the World and British Superbike championships, finishing second in the 2011 British Superbike Championship season although injuries and alcohol problems have affected his results.

He was born to parents from Acton.

Early life
Hopkins began riding Motocross bikes as a child and won his first race on a MiniBike in 1986, switching to road racing full-time in 1999. Hopkins proposed to his girlfriend Ashleigh in the summer of 2007 on her 21st birthday. They married in Las Vegas in December 2007.

He is featured in the 2003 documentary film, Faster, and the film The Doctor, the Tornado and the Kentucky Kid (2006).

Career

MotoGP World Championship

2002
The 2002 season saw Hopkins join the WCM RedBull Yamaha team alongside multiple race winner Garry McCoy. The team was using Yamaha YZR500 motorcycles on lease from Yamaha. Overall the YZR500 was considered to be uncompetitive that year, due to a change in the regulations allowing 990 cc four-stroke motorcycles to race against 500 cc two-stroke motorcycles. Although the two-strokes held (on average) a 10 kg weight advantage over the four-strokes, they had between 30 and 50 less hp depending on the engine configuration used for the racetrack. Hopkins finished the season ranked 15th, with 58 points, which put him 25 points clear of his teammate McCoy.

2003
In 2003 Hopkins joined the Suzuki factory racing team. This year he would ride a 990 cc V4 four-stroke. In 2003 John was teamed with 2000 500cc world champion Kenny Roberts, Jr. Although he was racing a four-stroke this year, the results did not seem to come as one would have expected. There are many theories for this, including the Suzuki's lack of power and its tendency to wear out tires faster than other bikes. This year also saw Hopkins involved in a turn 1 crash at the Japanese Grand Prix at Motegi, he was accused of causing this crash, and was suspended for one race. This suspension resulted in a DNS (did not start) at the Malaysian Grand Prix. Also noteworthy for the 2003 season was the crash in Italy where Kenny Roberts, Jr.'s GSV-R Suzuki suffered an engine management failure and the bike launched into Hopkins, putting both GSV-R's out of the race. At the end of the season, Hopkins finished in 17th place with 29 points. This finish put him 2 places and 7 points ahead of his teammate Kenny Roberts, Jr.

2004
The technology and technical advancement of the GSV-R was further developed in 2004. Most of the refinements took place in the engine management package, making the bike easier to ride. Towards the end of the year, the GSV-R was showing clear improvements, allowing Hopkins to move up the standings. Unfortunately it also saw several mechanical failures, which effectively undid the hard work to develop the motorcycle. Having qualified on the front row at Motegi, he was eliminated in a first-corner crash.  Overall, he finished 16th.

2005

Hopkins continued with Suzuki in 2005, as the team showed promising signs after the arrival of Paul Denning as team boss following Denning's success with Suzuki's British Superbike team. Hopkins briefly led at Donington, but his best result was a 5th place at Motegi, and he was 14th overall. Qualifying results were often better than race results, largely due to Bridgestone tires being better suited to short runs.

2006
Hopkins remained at Suzuki, now backed by Rizla, where he was joined by new teammate Chris Vermeulen. He enjoyed his best season yet. Hopkins finished the 2006 season in 10th place overall with 116 points.
Hopkins had one pole position this season, at Assen. His best finishes were in China and in Catalunya, where he finished fourth.

2007
Continuing with Rizla Suzuki, Hopkins set near-lap-record times aboard the new 800 cc motorcycle, and was labeled the dark horse by Colin Edwards. On February 15, 2007, he fractured his wrist after falling while testing at the Jerez circuit in Spain, but returned for the start of the season.

Hopkins completed his first MotoGP podium finish at the Shanghai circuit in China, finishing in 3rd place – 3.6 seconds behind Valentino Rossi but 7.6 seconds ahead of 2006 event winner Dani Pedrosa.  He finished as 4th overall in the 2007 season, two places ahead of Vermeulen and one behind Rossi.

2008
For 2008 he joined Kawasaki Racing Team. Explaining the decision, Rizla Suzuki boss Paul Denning suggested that "There are reasons for that other than performance," highlighting commercial concerns in particular. Hopkins crashed heavily at Assen, fracturing his ankle.

Prior to 2009 season, Kawasaki made the decision to halt MotoGP racing activities because of the global economic crisis, meaning that John Hopkins would not have a ride for the 2009 season.

2011
Hopkins returned to MotoGP in the Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix in April 2011 as a temporary replacement for Álvaro Bautista in the Suzuki team.

Superbike World Championship

2009
After the Kawasaki team pulled out of MotoGP, Hopkins secured a mid season ride on the Stiggy Racing Honda replacing Roberto Rolfo. Hopkins scored points during his first round in Valencia. At the next round in Assen, Hopkins would fall and dislocate his hip, Hopkins then wouldn't return until San Marino  where he couldn't complete the weekend's racing. After a career best finish in the first race at Donington, Hopkins, who was still hurt, couldn't complete the second race. Following 2 retirements at the Brno round, Hopkins would suffer a horror crash at the Nürburgring, being run over after he was taken out by Makoto Tamada and Broc Parkes, Hopkins was unconscious for ten minutes but luckily sustained no serious injuries. The Stiggy Honda team then withdrew from the World Superbike paddock leaving Hopkins once again without a ride for 2010.

2011
In 2011 Hopkins rode his Samsung Crescent Suzuki at the Silverstone World Superbike round. Hopkins was fast from the start being fastest in free practice sessions, capturing his first Superbike World Championship pole position with a new circuit record lap.

2012
In January 2012, Hopkins had his right ring-finger amputated just above the first joint up from the knuckle.

He missed the first race of the season after a testing crash, ironically breaking the knuckle below the stump from the finger he had chopped off at the start of the year.

2013
In October 2012, Hopkins announced that he would be taking the 2013 season off to recover from his injuries.
In April 2013, Hopkins had hip replacement surgery following a heavy crash at Monza, but announced at the Le Mans MotoGP event in May that he would be testing again within two months.

AMA Superbike Championship

2010
After one season in SBK John Hopkins returned to United States racing - he was considered a superstar in the AMA. He raced for the M4 Monster Suzuki team.

British Superbike Championship

2011
For the 2011 season Hopkins raced in the British Superbike Championship. He rode for the Crescent Suzuki team. At Oulton Park he won the second race making history, being the first American to win a British Superbike race. Hopkins made history yet again at the new Snetterton 300 where he won the first British Superbike race.

Hopkins came within 0.006 seconds of winning the title, losing out to Tommy Hill on the last lap of the final round at Brands Hatch.

2014
On October 29, 2013, it was announced that Hopkins, after taking a year out to recover from multiple injuries, would return to the British Superbike Championship for 2014 having signed to ride for Tyco Suzuki.

2015
In July 2015; Hopkins joined the MCE British Superbike Championship, replacing Jakub Smrz for the Lloyds British Moto Rapido Ducati. His first race took place at Brands Hatch (Round 6) where he placed 6th in Race 1 and had a DNF in Race 2.

Life after racing

Coaching career

After injuries prevented Hopkins from a comeback in racing he was offered a position as the riders' coach and race director for the American Racing team in Moto2 for the 2020 season.

Hopkins arrival had an immediate impact upon American Racing's Joe Roberts, who at the time was the only American racing in any motorcycle road racing world championship. Roberts would take his first two pole positions, his first podium finish, and would be a consistent top ten finisher under Hopkins' tutelage. Hopkins nearly moved back to up to MotoGP when Roberts was in negotiations with Aprilia, with Aprilia making a concession to allow Hopkins to remain Roberts' rider coach should Roberts move up to MotoGP. Roberts ultimately declined the move to MotoGP and Hopkins stayed with American Racing.

He is the riders' coach for series veteran Marcos Ramirez and American newcomer Cameron Beaubier.

Autobiography
Hopkins' autobiography was released in September 2021.

Career statistics

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

By season

By class

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Superbike World Championship

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

AMA Superbike Championship

Races by year
(key)

British Superbike Championship

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

1. – Hopkins was not entered for the Cadwell race due to an injury he sustained during his wildcard ride for Suzuki at the MotoGP event in Brno.

2. – Hopkins qualified for "The Showdown" part of the BSB season, thus before the Donington Park round he was awarded 500 points plus the podium credits he had gained throughout the season. Podium credits are given to anyone finishing 1st, 2nd or 3rd, with 3,2 and 1 points awarded respectively.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
People from San Diego County, California
American motorcycle racers
American amputees
Kawasaki Motors Racing MotoGP riders
Suzuki MotoGP riders
British Superbike Championship riders
Superbike World Championship riders
AMA Superbike Championship riders
MotoGP World Championship riders

John Hopkins (motorcyclist)


The crimsonwings (Cryptospiza) are a genus of small passerine birds belonging to the estrildid finch family (Estrildidae). There are four species. They are found in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly the Albertine Rift; all four species occur there and two, Shelley's and dusky crimsonwings, are found nowhere else. They are secretive birds which mainly inhabit mountain forests with dense undergrowth. They usually forage on or near the ground, feeding mainly on seeds such as those of grasses and balsam.

They are 11–13 cm long with short wings and a short, rounded tail. The bill is thick and conical and either black or red. They all have a reddish back and rump and olive or grey underparts. Juvenile birds are duller than the adults.

Destruction and degradation of their forest habitat is a potential threat to the crimsonwings and Shelley's crimsonwing is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN.

Species list

References

Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan & Davies, John (1993) Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide, Christopher Helm, London.
Sinclair, Ian & Ryan, Peter (2003) Birds of Africa south of the Sahara, Struik, Cape Town.

Taxa named by Tommaso Salvadori

Crimsonwing


Transgender hormone therapy, also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity. This form of hormone therapy is given as one of two types, based on whether the goal of treatment is masculinization or feminization:
 Masculinizing hormone therapy – for transgender men or transmasculine people; consists of androgens and antiestrogens.
 Feminizing hormone therapy – for transgender women or transfeminine people; consists of estrogens with or without antiandrogens.

Eligibility for transgender hormone therapy may be concluded by assessing a patient for gender dysphoria or persistent gender incongruence, though many medical institutions now used an informed consent model. This model ensures patients are informed of the procedure process, including possible benefits and risks, while removing many of the historical barriers needed to start hormone therapy. Treatment guidelines for therapy have been developed by several medical associations.

Some intersex people may also undergo hormone therapy, either starting in childhood to confirm the sex they were assigned at birth, or later in order to align their sex with their gender identity. Non-binary people may also engage in hormone therapy in order to achieve a desired balance of sex hormones or to help align their bodies with their gender identities. Many transgender people obtain hormone therapy from a licensed health care provider and others obtain and self-administer hormones.

Requirements
The formal requirements to begin gender-affirming hormone therapy vary widely depending on geographic location and specific institution. Gender affirming hormones can be prescribed by a wide range of medical providers including, but not limited to, primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and obstetrician-gynecologists.

Historically, many health centers required a psychiatric evaluation and/or a letter from a therapist before beginning therapy. Many centers now use an informed consent model that does not require any routine formal psychiatric evaluation but instead focuses on reducing barriers to care by ensuring a person can understand the risks, benefits, alternatives, unknowns, limitations, and risks of no treatment. Some LGBT health organizations (notably Chicago's Howard Brown Health Center and Planned Parenthood) advocate for this type of informed consent model.

The Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People (SOC) require that patients seeking gender-affirmation hormone therapy be evaluated for gender dysphoria by either a mental health professional or hormone provider who is qualified in the area of transgender care. The Standards also require that the patient give informed consent, in other words, that they consent to the treatment after being fully informed of the risks involved. Before beginning gender-affirming hormone therapy, the patient must be evaluated for significant medical and mental health concerns. If present, these must be addressed and reasonably well-controlled.

The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care, 7th edition, note that both of these approaches to care are appropriate.

Gender dysphoria
Many international guidelines and institutions require persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria as a pre-requisite to starting gender-affirmation therapy. Gender dysphoria refers to the psychological discomfort or distress that an individual can experience if their sex assigned at birth is incongruent with that person's gender identity. Signs of gender dysphoria can include comorbid mental health stressors such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and social isolation.  Not all gender nonconforming individuals experience gender dysphoria.

Treatment options

Guidelines
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) and the Endocrine Society formulated guidelines that created a foundation for health care providers to care for transgender patients. UCSF guidelines are also used. There is no generally agreed-upon set of guidelines, however.

Delaying puberty in adolescents

Adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria may opt to undergo puberty-suppressing hormone therapy at the onset of puberty. The Standards of Care set forth by WPATH recommend individuals pursuing puberty-suppressing hormone therapy wait until at least experiencing Tanner Stage 2 pubertal development. Tanner Stage 2 is defined by the appearance of scant pubic hair, breast bud development, and/or slight testicular growth. WPATH classifies puberty-suppressing hormone therapy as a "fully reversible" intervention. Delaying puberty allows individuals more time to explore their gender identity before deciding on more permanent interventions and prevents the physical changes associated with puberty.

The preferred puberty-suppressing agent for both individuals assigned male at birth and individuals assigned female at birth is a GnRH Analogue. This approach temporarily shuts down the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis, which is responsible for the production of hormones (estrogen, testosterone) that cause the development of secondary sexual characteristics in puberty.

Feminizing hormone therapy

Feminizing hormone therapy is typically used by transgender women, who desire the development of feminine secondary sex characteristics. Individuals who identify as non-binary may also opt-in for feminizing hormone treatment to better align their body with their desired gender expression. Feminizing hormone therapy usually includes medication to suppress testosterone production and induce feminization. Types of medications include estrogens, antiandrogens (testosterone blockers), and progestogens. Most commonly, an estrogen is combined with an antiandrogen to suppress and block testosterone. This allows for demasculinization and promotion of feminization and breast development. Estrogens are administered in various modalities including injection, transdermal patch, and oral tablets.

The desired effects of feminizing hormone therapy focus on the development of feminine secondary sex characteristics. These desired effects include: breast tissue development, redistribution of body fat, decreased body hair, reduction of muscle mass, and more. The table below summarizes some of the effects of feminizing hormone therapy in transgender women:

Masculinizing hormone therapy

Masculinizing hormone therapy is typically used by transgender men, who desire the development of masculine secondary sex characteristics. Masculinizing hormone therapy usually includes testosterone to produce masculinization and suppress the production of estrogen. Treatment options include oral, parenteral, subcutaneous implant, and transdermal (patches, gels). Dosing is patient-specific and is discussed with the physician. The most commonly prescribed methods are intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. This dosing can be weekly or biweekly depending on the individual patient.

Unlike feminizing hormone therapy, individuals undergoing masculinizing hormone therapy do not usually require additional hormone suppression such as estrogen suppression. Therapeutic doses of testosterone are usually sufficient to inhibit the production of estrogen to desired physiologic levels.

The desired effects of masculinizing hormone therapy focus on the development of masculine secondary sex characteristics. These desired effects include: increased muscle mass, development of facial hair, voice deepening, increase and thickening of body hair, and more.

Safety
Hormone therapy for transgender individuals has been shown in medical literature to be generally safe, when supervised by a qualified medical professional. There are potential risks with hormone treatment that will be monitored through screenings and lab tests such as blood count (hemoglobin), kidney and liver function, blood sugar, potassium, and cholesterol. Taking more medication than directed may lead to health problems such as increased risk of cancer, heart attack from thickening of the blood, blood clots, and elevated cholesterol.

Feminizing hormone therapy
The Standards of Care published by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) summarize many of the risks associated with feminizing hormone therapy (outlined below). For more in-depth information on the safety profile of estrogen-based feminizing hormone therapy visit the feminizing hormone therapy page.

Masculinizing hormone therapy
The Standards of Care published by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) summarize many of the risks associated with masculinizing hormone therapy (outlined below). For more in-depth information on the safety profile of testosterone-based masculinizing hormone therapy visit the masculinizing hormone therapy page.

Fertility consideration
Transgender hormone therapy may limit fertility potential. Should a transgender individual choose to undergo sex reassignment surgery, their fertility potential is lost completely. Before starting any treatment, individuals may consider fertility issues and fertility preservation. Options include semen cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

A study presented at ENDO 2019 (the Endocrine Society's conference) shows that even after one year of treatment with testosterone, a transgender man can preserve his fertility potential.

Treatment eligibility
Many providers use informed consent, whereby someone seeking hormone therapy can sign a statement of informed consent and begin treatment without much gatekeeping. For other providers, eligibility is determined using major diagnostic tools such as ICD-11 or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to classify a patient with gender dysphoria. Psychiatric conditions can commonly accompany or present similar to gender incongruence and gender dysphoria. For this reason, patients are assessed using DSM-5 criteria or ICD-11 criteria in addition to screening for psychiatric disorders. The Endocrine Society requires physicians that diagnose gender dysphoria and gender incongruence to be trained in psychiatric disorders with competency in ICD-11 and DSM-5. The healthcare provider should also obtain a thorough assessment of the patient's mental health and identify potential psychosocial factors that can affect therapy.

WPATH Standards of Care
The WPATH Standards of Care, most recently published in 2022, outlines a series of guidelines which should be met before a patient should be allowed transgender hormone replacement therapy:
 Gender incongruence is marked and sustained
 Patient meets diagnostic criteria for gender incongruence prior to gender-affirming hormone treatment in regions where a diagnosis is necessary to access health care
 Patient has capacity to consent to hormone therapy treatment
 Other possible causes of apparent gender incongruence have been identified and excluded
 Mental health and physical conditions that could negatively impact the outcome of treatment have been assessed
 Understands the effect of gender-affirming hormone treatment on reproduction and they have explored reproductive options

Readiness

Some organizations – but fewer than in the past – require that patients spend a certain period of time living in their desired gender role before starting hormone therapy. This period is sometimes called real-life experience (RLE). The Endocrine Society stated in 2009 that individuals should either have a documented three months of RLE or undergo psychotherapy for a period of time specified by their mental health provider, usually a minimum of three months.

Transgender and gender non-conforming  activists, such as Kate Bornstein, have asserted that RLE is psychologically harmful and is a form of "gatekeeping", effectively barring individuals from transitioning for as long as possible, if not permanently.

Accessibility
Gender-affirming care is health care that affirms people to live authentically in their genders, no matter the gender they were assigned at birth or the path their gender affirmation (or transition) takes. It allows each person to seek only the changes or medical interventions they desire to affirm their own gender identity, and hormone therapy ("HRT" or gender-affirming hormone therapy) may be a part of that.

Some transgender people choose to self-administer hormone replacement medications, often because doctors have too little experience in this area, or because no doctor is available. Others self-administer because their doctor will not prescribe hormones without a letter from a psychotherapist stating that the patient meets the diagnostic criteria and is making an informed decision to transition. Many therapists require at least three months of continuous psychotherapy and/or real-life experience before they will write such a letter. Because many individuals must pay for evaluation and care out-of-pocket, costs can be prohibitive.

Access to medication can be poor even where health care is provided free. In a patient survey conducted by the United Kingdom's National Health Service in 2008, 5% of respondents acknowledged resorting to self-medication, and 46% were dissatisfied with the amount of time it took to receive hormone therapy. The report concluded in part: "The NHS must provide a service that is easy to access so that vulnerable patients do not feel forced to turn to DIY remedies such as buying drugs online with all the risks that entails. Patients must be able to access professional help and advice so that they can make informed decisions about their care, whether they wish to take the NHS or private route without putting their health and indeed their lives in danger." Self-administration of hormone replacement medications without medical supervision may have untoward health effects and risks.

A number of private companies have attempted to increase accessibility for hormone replacement medications and help transgender people navigate the complexities of access to treatment.

See also

 Hormone therapy
 Sex reassignment surgery
 Real-life experience (transgender)

References

Endocrine procedures
Gender transitioning and medicine

Transgender hormone therapy


Randy Pikuzinski (born June 9, 1965) is a retired American soccer player who played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League, National Professional Soccer League and United Soccer League.

Pikuzinski, and his brother Rudy, learned soccer from their father who managed the amateur Buffalo White Eagles.  Both brothers played on the White Eagles.  In 1983, Pikuzinski signed with the Buffalo Stallions of the Major Indoor Soccer League out of high school.  In 1984, he played outdoor soccer with the Buffalo Storm of the United Soccer League.  In 1985, Pikuzinski signed with the Canton Invaders of the American Indoor Soccer Association.  He saw little playing time his season and a half with the Invaders, but became a key player during the second half of the 1986–1987 season.  At the end of the season, he became a free agent and signed with the Milwaukee Wave.  During the 1987 outdoor season he featured in the National Soccer League with St. Catharines Wolves. In January 1988, the Wave traded him to the Canton Invaders in exchange for Tim Tyma and Pete Smith.  He went on to win two more AISA championships with the Invaders.  In October 1991, the Invaders traded Pikuzinski to the Chicago Power in exchange for the Power's 1992 first round draft pick.  In September 1992, the Power traded Pikuzinski to the Buffalo Blizzard in exchange for Russ Prince, Chuck Codd and Ko Thandabouth.  He would remain with the Blizzard until 2001.  That year, the Blizzard folded and the Harrisburg Heat selected Pikuzinski in the dispersal draft.  Pikuzinski retired.

His brother Rudy was also a professional soccer player. He holds the appearance record for the NPSL, with 508 appearances.

Randy has two children, Randy Jr. and Ryan.

References

External links
 MISL stats
All Time NPSL Stats

1965 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
Buffalo Blizzard players
Buffalo Stallions players
Buffalo Storm players
Canton Invaders players
Chicago Power players
St. Catharines Roma Wolves players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Milwaukee Wave players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
United Soccer League (1984–85) players
People from Cheektowaga, New York
Sportspeople from Erie County, New York
Soccer players from New York (state)
Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada
American expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Canadian National Soccer League players
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football midfielders

Randy Pikuzinski


James Johnson (November 18, 1855 – February 6, 1929) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1897 to 1915, as a member of the Conservative Party.  Johnson was a cabinet minister in the government of Hugh John Macdonald, and was named speaker of the assembly in 1904.

Johnson was born in Mitchell, Canada West (now Ontario), the son of John Johnson, and was educated in that community.  He worked as a farmer, and served as president of the Boissevain Land Company.  Johnson was a reeve and councillor in Morton, and served as mayor of Boissevain.  In religion, he was a member of the Church of England. In 1879, he married Susannah Oliver.

Johnson was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held on November 27, 1897 in the constituency of Turtle Mountain following the death of John Hettle.  Running as an independent Conservative, he defeated his Liberal opponent by 150 votes.  He was re-elected as an independent Conservative in the 1899 provincial election, defeating Liberal J.S. Reikie by an increased margin.

The Conservatives won a majority government in this election, and Johnson was appointed to cabinet on January 10, 1900 as a minister without portfolio in Hugh John Macdonald's government.  He was dropped from cabinet on October 29, 1900, when Rodmond Roblin replaced Macdonald as premier.

Johnson was re-elected as an official Conservative candidate in the 1903 provincial election, and was chosen as speaker of the assembly on January 7, 1904.  He held this position for the next eleven years, until his departure from the legislature in 1915.  He was re-elected without difficulty in the elections of 1907 and 1910, and defeated Liberal challenger George William McDonald by sixty-two votes in the 1914 election.

The Conservative administration of Rodmond Roblin was forced to resign from office in 1915, amid a serious corruption scandal.  A new general election was called, which the Liberals won in a landslide.  Johnson lost to George McDonald by thirty-six votes, in a rematch from the previous year.  He died in Boissevain in 1929.

References

1855 births
1929 deaths
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
Mayors of places in Manitoba
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba MLAs
People from Boissevain, Manitoba

James Johnson (Manitoba politician)


Walter Marshall (15 June 1628 – August 1680) was an English, non-conformist Puritan pastor and author best known for his book on the Gospel Mystery of Sanctification, which has been praised as perhaps the single greatest work on sanctification ever composed.

Life
Walter Marshall became a fellow of New College, Oxford in 1648 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1652. In 1656, he was appointed to the vicarage of Hursley, Hampshire.

When the Act of Uniformity passed in 1662, Marshall joined many of his Puritan colleagues and was ejected from his parish.  Soon afterwards, Marshall was installed as minister of an Independent congregation at Gosport, Hampshire, where he served for eighteen years.

For several years, Marshall experienced seasons of spiritual depression. For years, Marshall sought assurance, holiness and peace, consulting contemporaries like Richard Baxter.  However, it was not until a life altering conversation with Thomas Goodwin that he began to focus more on Christ's spiritual power in comparison with his own natural power. With this new focus, he found "holiness, peace of conscience, and joy in the Holy Ghost".

The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification
The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification was first published in 1692 after Marshall's death. The book is divided into fourteen sections that Marshall called directions. In the first direction, Marshall asserts that "sanctification, whereby our hearts and lives are conformed to the law, is a grace of God that He communicates to us by means." The means of grace include prayer, the word, sacraments, and the church.  Many have alluded to the book's teachings on union with Christ.  Direction 5 is titled: We cannot attain holiness by our endeavours in a natural state, without union and fellowship with Christ.

Quotes
 The scope of all is, to teach you how, you may attain to that practice and manner of life which we call holiness, righteousness, or godliness, obedience, true religion; and which God requireth of us in the law particularly in the moral law, summed up in the ten commandments, and more briefly in these two great commandments of love to God and our neighbour (Matthew 22: 37, 39).
 The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification, Direction 1
 It is evident that we cannot practice true holiness, while we continue in a natural state; because we must be "born of the water and of the Spirit," or else we "cannot enter into the kingdom of God," John 3:3,5; and we are "created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them," (Ephesians 2:10).
 The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification, Direction 5
 Believing on Christ, is a work that will require diligent endeavour and labor for the performance of it. We must labour to enter into that rest; lest any man fall by unbelief" (Hebrews 6:11).  We must show "diligence to the full assurance of hope to the end", that we may be "followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises" (Hebrews 6:11, 12). It is a work that requireth the exercise of might and power; and therefore we have need "to be strengthened with might by the Spirit in the inner man, that Christ may dwell in our hearts by faith" (Ephesians 3:16, 17).
 The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification, Direction 11

Dutch Translation of The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification
In 1739 the Dutch minister Alexander Comrie (1706-1774) published a Dutch translation of The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification. The book was published in Leiden in 1739 with the following title in Dutch De verborgentheit van de euangelische heiligmaking. In 1750 Comrie wrote that this book was probably the best what was written about sanctifacation

Works
 The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification/ Includes Marshall's sermon: The doctrine of justification opened and applied by Walter Marshall (1628-1680), Evangelical Press, Welwyn, Hertfordshire, England, 1981, (first published 1692), , 257 pgs

References

External links
 The gospel-mystery of sanctification opened: in sundry practical directions. Suited especially to the case of those who labor under the guilt and power of indwelling-sin. To which is added, a sermon on justification by Walter Marshall, printed and published by Southwick and Pelsue, no. 3 New-street, London, 1811, includes prefaces from earlier editions, Google Books edition
 The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification Online Text
 Monergism.com Walter Marshall (1628-1680) (Biography) Excerpt from Meet the Puritans by Dr. Joel Beeke and Randall J. Pederson
 Gospel Sanctification 3 - Walter Marshall to My Rescue

1628 births
1680 deaths
17th-century English theologians
Ejected English ministers of 1662
Fellows of New College, Oxford

Walter Marshall (Puritan)


Aurrerá (word from the Basque language "aurrera" which means "forward") is a defunct grocery chain in Mexico. It started operations in 1958 in Mexico City, and folded in 2001 after being acquired by Walmart.

During 2001 and 2002, the remaining Aurrerá stores became Bodega Aurrerá and Walmart Supercenter stores. In addition, many products (mostly milk) are now marketed at these stores under the Aurrerá brand, similar to Walmart's Great Value brand.

History and pop culture
In Mexico, the Arango brothers, Jerónimo, Placido and Manuel, founded the stores Aurrera thinking in a supermarket model, with household items and clothing at cheaper prices. Aurrera in Basque means "Come on", "Forward".

 1958: Opens the first store Aurrera, with the branche Bolívar.
 1960: Begins to operate stores Superama 1960.
 1964: Starts operations Vips Restaurants  1964.
 1970: Begins Suburbia and Bodega Aurrerá operations.
 1976: Inaugurate First Distribution Center in Mexico (in Spanish, CEDIS).
 1978: Opening of restaurants El Portón (The Gate).
 1986: Makes the organization Grupo Cifra, for the administration of stores and restaurants in Mexico.
 1990: Aurrerá starts the barcode system in Mexico.
 1991: Walmart and Cifra makes a joint venture. Creation of the International Division of Walmart Stores and signed a partnership agreement with Cifra. Born the first Sam's Club in Mexico.
 1993: Began operations Walmart Supercenter. The supermarkets Aurrerá changes style and design in Walmart stores.
 1994: They're joined Suburbia and Vips inner the association Cifra/Walmart Distribuidora, S.A. de C.V.
 1997: Walmart buys most of the shares and acquiring control of the company.
 1999: Following the implementation of NAFTA [North American Free Trade Agreement]; Grupo CIFRA initiates Mexico's first duty-free importation of fresh Canadian Beef from Biological Farm Management Systems (BFMS) Inc., an Alberta, CANADA export company.
 2000: Grupo Cifra renames figure at Walmart de Mexico.
 2001: Aurrera stores become Walmart Supercenters and Warehouse Aurrera.

This store has appeared in many telenovelas and Mexican films.

References

Supermarkets of Mexico
Retail companies established in 1958
Retail companies disestablished in 2001
2001 mergers and acquisitions
2001 disestablishments in Mexico
Mexican companies established in 1958

Aurrerá


Naturaliste was one of the two-vessel Salamandre-class of galiotes à bombes of the French Navy. Under Jacques Hamelin, and together with Géographe she took part in the exploration of Australia of Nicolas Baudin.

Design and early career

She was constructed, and probably designed, by Pierre-Alexandre Forfait. Her plans are dated 14 January 1793. She was launched in 1795 as La Menaçante, and completed as a gabarre.

The navy transferred her towards the end of 1798 to Delamotte and Co. to serve as a privateer. In December, however, she was serving as a barracks for a detachment of naval artillerymen. A Sieur Longayron proposed, in December 1799, to charter her to carry some 200-250 colonists to Santo Domingo. Nothing came of this as Longayron was unable to provide a sufficient surety bond.

La Menaçante was renamed Naturaliste in June 1800 and designated as a corvette.

Voyage of exploration

Naturaliste and Géographe sailed from Le Havre on 19 October 1800 and reached Tenerife on 13 November. The two vessels crossed the equator on 11 December and arrived at Isle de France (Mauritius), on 16 March 1801.

For some 18 months Naturaliste and Géographe explored the less-known regions of New Holland (Australia), and Van Diemen's Land. On 30 May Baudin made his first major discovery. Baudin named the bay they found that day on the coast of Western Australia Geographe Bay. Later, the cape at the south of the bay was named Cape Naturaliste.

In late 1802 the expedition was at Port Jackson, where the government sold 60 casks of flour and 25 casks of salt meat to Baudin to resupply his two vessels. The supplies permitted Naturaliste to return to France and Géographe to continue her explorations of the Australian coast.

On 9 December 1802 Naturaliste left the expedition at Tasmania to bring the first collections home. When she left Port Jackson, Naturaliste took with her the Colony's staff surgeon, Mr. James Thomson, whom Governor Philip Gidley King had given permission to return to England.

Naturaliste was detained at Isle de France for a few days, but then sailed for France. She was in the Channel when on 26 May 1803 HMS Minerve arrested her and brought her into Portsmouth, even though Naturaliste was flying a cartel flag and had passports attesting to her non-combatant character. The British released her and she arrived at Le Havre on 6 June 1803.

Fate
Naturaliste was decommissioned on 23 June 1803. She was then reclassified as a gabarre ca. 1807, and returned to Le Havre in 1808. She was condemned in December 1810 and sold on 25 January 1811 at Le Havre.

Citations

References

Fornasiero, F. Jean, Peter Monteath, & John West-Sooby (2004) Encountering Terra Australis: The Australian Voyages of Nicolas Baudin and Matthew Flinders. (Wakefield Press).

Winfield, Rif & Stephen S. Roberts (2015) French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. (Seaforth Publishing).

Ships built in France
Age of Sail corvettes of France
1795 ships
Maritime exploration of Australia

French corvette Naturaliste


Montagu House at 22 Portman Square was a historic London house. Occupying a site at the northwest corner of the square, in the angle between Gloucester Place and Upper Berkeley Street, it was built for Mrs Elizabeth Montagu, a wealthy widow and patroness of the arts, to the design of the neoclassicist architect James Stuart. Construction began in 1777 and the house was completed in 1781, whereupon it became Mrs Montagu's London residence until her death on 25 August 1800. The house was destroyed by an incendiary bomb in the Blitz of London and the site is now occupied by the Radisson SAS Portman Hotel.

As described in a newspaper of the time, there were some improvements to the house that were completed in 1791.  These were a drawing room and a feather room.
The drawing room was designed by Bonomi.  The centrepiece of the ceiling was painted by Riguad.  The columns of verde antico were executed by Bartoli.  The chimney piece was by Westmascott.  The carvings and gildings were by Nelson and Borgnis.  The drawing room was hung with white figured damask.

The curtains were white satin fringed with gold.  In addition the room was furnished with chandeliers and large mirrors. The feather room was designed by Bonomi.   The background on the walls was of white feathers.  These were then decorated with brilliantly coloured feathers sewn together to form festoons of flowers and other fanciful decorations.  The decoration of this room was executed by Mrs Montagu together with a number of other women attendants.

References

See also
 List of demolished buildings and structures in London
 Montagu House, Bloomsbury
 Montagu House, Whitehall
 Montagu House, Blackheath

Former houses in the City of Westminster
Houses completed in 1781
Neoclassical architecture in London
Portman estate

Montagu House, Portman Square