A tesseract is a 4-dimensional object with eight cells; each cell is a cube. The tesseract is one of the six convex regular 4-polytopes. Unlike three-dimensional objects which rotate on both an axis and a plane (the plane being of length and width and the axis being of the leftover dimension, height), a tesseract rotates on two planes, one made up of length and width, and one made up of height and the fourth dimension. It is the simplest hypercube.

It is not possible to make a tesseract out of real materials. A tesseract is in four dimensions, but we can only move in three dimensions.

Example:
Line is to the 1st dimension,
Square is to the 2nd dimension,
Cube is to the 3rd dimension,
Tesseract is to the 4th dimension.

Shapes

Tesseract


Revival could mean:

 Revival (play) of a former hit play in a new production
 Revival (television) of a former television series
 Language revival of an extinct language
 Revivalism of religious fervor or fervent traditions
 Revival meeting, a Christian gathering
 Revival (sports team) of a defunct team
 Revival Centres International, a church group

Music
 Revival (Eminem album)
 Revival (Reid Paley album), an album by Reid Paley
 Revival (Gillian Welch album)
 Revival (John Fogerty album)
 Revival (Reverend Horton Heat album)
 Revival (Petra album), released in 2001
 Revival (Jully Black album)
 Revival, a song by The Allman Brothers Band
 Revival Records, a record label

Architectural movements
 Colonial Revival architecture
 Egyptian Revival architecture
 Gothic Revival architecture
 Greek Revival architecture
 Mediterranean Revival Style architecture
 Romanesque Revival architecture
 Mission Revival Style architecture

Others
 Aytayra (Revival), a political party in Abkhazia
 The Revival (UK magazine), a magazine for British Muslims

Revival


Passage of Arms is a 1959 novel by Eric Ambler.

Plot

Girija Krishnan, a bookkeeper at a rubber plantation in Malaya, has one ambition in life: to found and establish a local bus company and transport system. But he has no money to finance this endeavor.

The local authorities kill a gang of Communist terrorists near the plantation, and Girija realizes from the condition of their guns that their cache of weapons must be somewhere nearby. By slow, hard work and some good luck, he succeeds in finding it.

He waits several years until he can safely sell the weapons to a Chinese family of entrepreneurs centered in Singapore. Members of the family include the respectable businessman Tan Siow Mong, who runs the transport company which regularly exports the rubber plantation's crop; also the labor racketeer and compulsive gambler Tan Yam Heng, who always needs money; and the streetwise Tan Tak Chee.

When Girija sells the weapons to the Tan family, they realize that in order to re-sell them safely for profit, they need to find a respectable European or American foreigner who can take legal responsibility for the transfer of funds from the eventual buyer. They find Greg Nilsen and his wife Dorothy, a pair of naive American tourists from Delaware, who are taking a round-the-world cruise. A taxi-driver in Singapore called Khoo Ah Au ("Jimmy" to English-speaking tourists) recruits the Nilsens with a promise of a handsome fee for signing the transfers of inventory and money. Greg is happy to do so when Jimmy tells him that the weapons will be used to arm anti-Communist insurgents in Sumatra, but his enthusiasm wanes when he learns that in order to complete the transaction, he must travel in person to the Sumatran city of Labuanga and obtain the insurgent leader's signature.

Outnumbered by the insurgents, the military governor of Labuanga has allied himself with the local Communist organization. Greg, Dorothy, and their insurgent contacts are caught and imprisoned by Communist agents, who have been intercepting shipments of weapons and turning them over to the governor. The insurgents send a rescue force to attack the prison, and Greg and Dorothy manage to escape with the help of the local American and British consuls.

Back in Singapore, Greg wants to abandon the arms deal and go home. A cynical British official convinces him otherwise, saying that the insurgents should not be cheated of their weapons after saving Greg and Dorothy's lives. The official also prompts Greg to get a bit of revenge against the Tan family by leaving the payment for the weapons in the care of Yam Heng, who promptly loses most of it in irresponsible business dealings. Humbled but relieved, Greg and Dorothy return to Delaware.

Although he has been deprived of any profit from the arms consignment, Tan Siow Mong is still obliged to pay  Girija for his part in the scheme. Girija accepts a business partnership in place of the money, and operates his new bus line as a division of Tan's shipping company.

Context
The title is a double reference to the novel's plot and the expression a "passage of arms".

The Nilsens are an example of the recurrent "innocents abroad" theme that characterizes Ambler's novels.

Reception

New York Times reviewer James M. Cain, also a thriller-writer in his own right, described the book as "... a picture of Southeast Asia, in all its color and the savagery of its current turmoil ... this is tops, and gets down to bedrock."

The book won the 1959 Gold Dagger award (then known as the "Crossed Red Herring Award").

References

External sources

"Passage of Arms" Review in Things Asian. Retrieved 25 Jan 2009.
"Eric Ambler" Bastulli Mystery Library.  Retrieved 25 Jan 2009.

1959 British novels
British spy novels
Novels by Eric Ambler
Heinemann (publisher) books

Passage of Arms


Club Spiel und Sport Bremen was a German association football club established on 10 July 1896 at the Restaurant Wartburghalle in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.

The club was a founding member of the VBFB (Verbandes Bremer Fußball-Vereine or Federation of Bremen Football Clubs) in 1899 and, a year later in Leipzig, was also one of the original clubs of the DFB (Deutscher Fußball Bund or German Football Association). The club fielded strong sides early on, finishing third among nine clubs in their first year of play. SuS was vice-champion behind Bremer SC 1891 the next season and repeated as runners-up in 1905. Their fortunes then declined from that point on until the club eventually folded after a last place finish in 1909.

Defunct football clubs in Germany
Club SuS 1896 Bremen
Sport in Bremen (city)
Association football clubs established in 1896
1896 establishments in Germany
1909 disestablishments in Germany
Association football clubs disestablished in 1909

Club SuS 1896 Bremen


Kalasatama (Fiskehamnen ('fish port'), in Swedish) is a part of the city of Helsinki, Finland. The area is officially part of the Sörnäinen district. Like Sörnäinen, Kalasatama is located a litte more than one kilometre north from the coast of Helsinki, near the district of Hakaniemi, and the east side of Kalasatama connects with the sea. Itäväyäla which heads towards East Helsinki, passes by Kalasatama. The Isoisänsilta, a footbridge, which opened in 2016, connects Kalasatama to the nearby islands of Mustikkamaa, Korkeasaari, and Kulosaari.

Helsinki

Kalasatama


Hemo the Magnificent is a one-hour Technicolor made-for-television educational film, released in 1957 by Bell Laboratories and directed by Frank Capra, and first telecast by CBS. It details the workings of the circulatory system.
It is one program in The Bell System Science Series, a series of nine Bell Telephone science specials telecast in prime time on commercial network television from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s. All but one of these specials starred Prof. Frank C. Baxter; the last of them starred Walt Disney.

Background
Baxter played his usual role as "Dr. Research", the resident scientist in the film series. Richard Carlson played the other recurring character, a writer for television. Several well-known voice artists were employed for the animated sequences, including Marvin Miller as the title character, Hemo. Also appearing were Mel Blanc and June Foray as a squirrel and a deer, respectively. Sterling Holloway appeared in an uncredited role as a lab assistant.

Reception
Although Time magazine gave it an extremely negative review, calling it "condescending" and citing it as an example of how the scientific information was presumably "dumbed down" by including cute cartoon animals, it quickly became a classic of the genre, featuring incredibly detailed television animations for its time.

Hemo the Magnificent and another Bell Laboratories film, Our Mr. Sun, were favorites for showing in school science classrooms.

Home media
The film was released on DVD with another film featuring Dr. Baxter, The Unchained Goddess (1958).

In popular culture
A brief sequence from Hemo the Magnificent is seen in the film Gremlins and also in Disney's Bill Nye the Science Guy. One of the evil gremlins sneaks into a classroom while the science teacher (Glynn Turman) is showing Hemo to the class.

According to screenwriter David Koepp, the 'Mr. DNA' sequence in Jurassic Park was inspired by Hemo the Magnificent.

The film is mentioned in the Freaks and Geeks episode "Discos and Dragons" by the A/V supervisor.

References

External links

1957 animated films
1957 films
Sponsored films
American television films
Bell Labs
1950s educational films
Films directed by Frank Capra
1950s American animated films
American educational films

Hemo the Magnificent


The Detour (De omweg) is the third adult novel by Dutch writer Gerbrand Bakker. It was published in October 2010 and later translated into English by David Colmer as The Detour (U.S. edition: "Ten White Geese"). It is a study in self-searching, self-assertion and the nature of pain, narrated by a middle-aged Dutchwoman who has fled her husband to live in the solitude of rural Wales. She sometimes watches Escape to the Country.

According to Bakker, The Detour came from a "hugely depressed" time in his life. "I write instinctively. Something wants to come out. Only now do I see that this book is terribly much about myself. I write from the back of my mind. I don't see what I'm doing."

The Detour won the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (2013), and was one of eight finalists for the International Dublin Literary Award (2014).

References

2010 novels
21st-century Dutch novels
Novels set in Wales

The Detour (novel)


Theodore H. Osborne (February 6, 1900 – March 12, 1968) was an American writer of comics, radio shows and animated films, remembered for his contributions to the creation and refinement, during the 1930s, of Walt Disney cartoon characters.

Biography
Ted Osborne was born in Oklahoma. He spent 1931–1940 at the Walt Disney Studio as a story writer and also wrote for several of the Disney comic strips.

Osborne, a writer for Los Angeles radio station KHJ, was hired by Disney in October 1931 to develop a Mickey Mouse radio show. That project never materialized, and Osborne moved to the studio's Story Department.

In 1933, Osborne moved from Story to the comic strip department, to work with artist Floyd Gottfredson on the popular Mickey Mouse comic strip. Gottfredson drew the strip and wrote the plots; Osborne broke the plots down into strips and wrote the dialogue.

Osborne's first Sunday Mickey Mouse strip was published on January 29, 1933, starting the story "Lair of Wolf Barker." He took over the daily strip as of February 11, with the story "Pluto and the Dogcatcher". Osborne scripted many memorable Mickey stories from 1933 to 1937 which were later adapted into the popular Big Little Books of the 1930s and 1940s, including "The Mail Pilot", "Editor-in-Grief", "Mickey Mouse Joins the Foreign Legion", "The Seven Ghosts", "Island in the Sky" and "Monarch of Medioka".

In April 1933, Earl Duvall, who had been writing and drawing the Silly Symphony Sunday comic strip for Disney, abruptly left the company, leaving the strip without a writer. Osborne stepped in and continued the strip, working with artist Al Taliaferro. The pair wrote a number of adaptations of Silly Symphony animated shorts, including 1934's The Wise Little Hen and 1936's Three Little Wolves.

In 1936, Taliaferro was allowed to use Silly Symphony as a tryout for a solo comic strip featuring Donald Duck, with Osborne as writer. The series ran for more than a year, from August 30, 1936 to December 5, 1937. In October 1937, Osborne and Taliaferro introduced Donald's triplet nephews, Huey, Dewey and Louie, for a six-week story. The irrepressible youngsters made such a hit in the comics page that they were introduced in a 1938 cartoon short, Donald's Nephews, and became a crucial part of Donald's supporting cast.

Taliaferro was given the green light to create a solo Donald Duck comic strip in 1938, but by that point, Osborne had left the comic strip department. In late 1937, Osborne was moved back to the Story Department to work on Bambi, a feature film project that was ultimately released in 1942. His last Silly Symphony strip ran on Sunday, December 5, 1937; his last Mickey Mouse daily was published on February 5, 1938; and his last Mickey Sunday ran on March 11, 1938.

He was succeeded by writer Merrill De Maris on both Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony. When his Bambi team disbanded in 1940, Gottfredson chose to keep De Maris as his permanent writer, and Osborne left the Disney studio.

After leaving the studio, Osborne managed a photographic studio in Hollywood. He died in San Carlos, California on March 12, 1968.

References

External links

1900 births
1968 deaths
20th-century American writers
American comic strip cartoonists
American comics writers
American radio writers
Disney comics writers
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Writers from Oklahoma

Ted Osborne


The Battle of Varna took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. The Ottoman army under Sultan Murad II (who did not actually rule the sultanate at the time) defeated the Crusaders commanded by King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary, John Hunyadi (acting as commander of the combined Christian forces) and Mircea II of Wallachia. It was the final battle of the unsuccessful Crusade of Varna, a last-ditch effort to prevent further Ottoman expansion into the Balkans.

Background
The Hungarian Kingdom fell into crisis after the death of King Sigismund in 1437. His son-in-law and successor, King Albert, ruled for only two years and died in 1439, leaving his widow Elizabeth with an unborn child, Ladislaus the Posthumous. The Hungarian noblemen then called the young King Władysław III of Poland to the throne of Hungary, expecting his aid in defense against the Ottomans. After his Hungarian coronation, he never went back to his homeland again, assuming rule of the Hungarian Kingdom next to the influential nobleman John Hunyadi.

After failed expeditions in 1440–1442 against Belgrade and Transylvania and the defeats of the Turks during Hunyadi's "long campaign" in 1442–1443, the Ottoman sultan Murad II signed a ten-year truce with Hungary. After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned the throne to his twelve-year-old son Mehmed II.

Cesarini insisted that the Hungarian King Władysław III should break the treaty, arguing that it was not valid due to the fact that it had been made with infidels. Hungary co-operated with Venice and Pope Eugene IV to organize a new crusader army led by Hunyadi and Władysław III. On receipt of this news, Çandarlı Halil Pasha recalled Murad II against the Christian Coalition, even though Mehmed II did not accept this and wanted to fight himself. As a result, Murad II commanded the Ottoman army.

Preparations
The mixed Papal army was composed mainly of Hungarian, Polish, Bohemian (whose combined armies numbered 16,000) and Wallachian (4,000) forces, with smaller detachments of papal troops, Teutonic Knights, Czechs, Bosnians, Croats, Bulgarians, Lithuanians, and Ruthenians. Troops from Croatia and Bosnia were led by Croatian nobleman Franko Talovac.

Papal, Venetian and Burgundian ships under Alvise Loredan had blockaded the Dardanelles as the Hungarian army was to advance on Varna, while a second flotilla comprising six ships (two Burgundian, two Ragusan and two Byzantine) blockaded the Bosphorus. Both failed, and the main Ottoman force from Asia, including the sultan, crossed the Bosphorus on 18 October 1444. The Hungarian advance was rapid, Ottoman fortresses were bypassed, while local Bulgarians from Vidin, Oryahovo, and Nicopolis joined the army (Fruzhin, son of Ivan Shishman, also participated in the campaign with his own guard). On October 10 near Nicopolis, some 7,000 Wallachian cavalrymen under Mircea II, one of Vlad Dracul's sons, also joined.

Armenian refugees in the Kingdom of Hungary also took part in the wars of their new country against the Ottomans as early as the battle of Varna in 1444, when some Armenians were seen amongst the Christian forces.

Deployment

Late on November 9, a large Ottoman army of around 60,000 men approached Varna from the west. At a supreme military council called by Hunyadi during the night, the papal legate, cardinal Julian Cesarini, insisted on a quick withdrawal. However, the Christians were caught between the Black Sea, Lake Varna, the steep wooded slopes of the Franga Plateau (356 m high), and the enemy. Cesarini then proposed a defense using the Wagenburg of the Hussites until the arrival of the Christian fleet. The Hungarian magnates and the Croatian and Czech commanders backed him, but the young (20-year-old) Władysław and Hunyadi rejected the defensive tactics. Hunyadi declared: "To escape is impossible, to surrender is unthinkable. Let us fight with bravery and honor our arms." Władysław accepted this position and gave him the command. Andreas del Palatio states that Hunyadi commanded the "Wallachian army" indicating a large Romanian component in Hunyadi's personal army.

In the morning of November 10, Hunyadi deployed the army of some 20,000 crusaders as an arc between Lake Varna and the Franga plateau; the line was about 3.5 km long. Two banners with a total of 3,500 men from the king's Polish and Hungarian bodyguards, Hungarian royal mercenaries, and banners of Hungarian nobles held the center. The Wallachian cavalry was left in reserve behind the center.

The right flank that lined up the hill towards the village of Kamenar numbered 6,500 men in 5 banners. Dalmatian John de Dominis, Bishop of Varadin with his personal banner led the force; Cesarini commanded a banner of German mercenaries and a Bosnian one. The Bishop of Eger  Simon Rozgonyi led his own banner, and the military governor of Slavonia, ban Franko Talovac, commanded one Croatian banner.

The left flank, a total of 5,000 men in 5 banners, was led by Michael Szilágyi, Hunyadi's brother in law, and was made up of Hunyadi's Transylvanians, Bulgarians, German mercenaries and banners of Hungarian magnates. Behind the Hungarians, closer to the Black Sea and the lake, was the Wagenburg, defended by 300 or 600 Czech and Ruthenian mercenaries under hetman Ceyka, along with Poles, Lithuanians and Wallachians. Every wagon was crewed with 7 to 10 soldiers and the Wagenburg was equipped with bombards.

The Ottoman center included the Janissaries and levies from Rumelia deployed around two Thracian burial mounds. Murad observed and directed the battle from one of them. The Janissaries dug in behind ditches and two palisades. The right wing consisted of Kapikulus and Sipahis from Rumelia, and the left wing was made up by Akıncıs, Sipahis from Anatolia, and other forces. Janissary archers and Akıncı light cavalry were deployed on the Franga plateau.

Battle

The light Ottoman cavalry assaulted the Croats of ban Franco Talotsi. Christians from the left riposted with bombards and firearms and stopped the attack. Christian soldiers chased the Ottomans in a disorderly pursuit. The Anatolian cavalry ambushed them from the flank. The Christian right wing attempted to flee to the small fortress of Galata on the other side of Varna Bay, but most of them were slain in the marshland around Varna Lake and the River Devnya, where Cesarini also met his end. Only ban Talotsi's troops managed to withdraw behind the Wagenburg.

The other Ottoman flank assaulted the Hungarians and Bulgarians of Michael Szilagyi. Their push was stopped and turned back; then Sipahis attacked again. Hunyadi decided to help and advised Władysław to wait until he returned; then advanced with two cavalry companies. The young king, ignoring Hunyadi's advice, rushed 500 of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center. They attempted to overrun the Janissary infantry and take Murad prisoner, and almost succeeded, but in front of Murad's tent Władysław's horse either fell into a trap or was stabbed, and the king was beheaded by mercenary Kodja Hazar. The remaining coalition cavalry were demoralized and defeated by the Ottomans.

On his return, Hunyadi tried frantically to salvage the king's body, but all he could accomplish was to organize the retreat of the remains of his army; it suffered thousands of casualties in the chaos, and was virtually annihilated. Neither the head nor body of the king were ever found. The minnesinger Michael Beheim wrote a song based on the story of Hans Mergest, who spent 16 years in Ottoman captivity after the battle.

Aftermath

Hunyadi reached the Danube but was captured by Vlad Dracul in Wallachia and imprisoned as insurance in case of Ottoman retaliation or for a high ransom. He was released in exchange for a large amount of money when Hungarian nobles loyal to Hunyadi began to threaten Vlad Dracul with a campaign against him. Another version of the story is that he was mistakenly captured by Wallachian border guards, who didn't recognize him, and released by Vlad Dracul once they met face to face. After the death of Władysław III, Hunyadi became one of the most important and powerful members of the Hungarian nobility, becoming the Governor of Hungary on the 5th of June 1446. He was later made a Duke by the Pope in 1447.

Hungarian nobles found it hard to believe that both their king and Cesarini had died, leading to spies being sent south of the Danube, but no information was found other than what was already known.

The death of Władysław III left Hungary in the hands of the four-year-old Ladislaus Posthumous of Bohemia and Hungary. He was succeeded in Poland by Casimir IV Jagiellon after a three-year interregnum.

Murad's casualties at Varna were so heavy, it was not until three days later that he realized he was victorious. Nevertheless, the Ottoman victory in Varna, followed by the Ottoman victory in the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, deterred the European states from sending any substantial military assistance to the Byzantines during the Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453.
Hunyadi signed a three-year truce with the Ottoman central government in 1451.

Only the European victory at Belgrade would stop the Ottomans from conquering large parts of Europe. Hungary would be safe for another 70 years after this victory until the Hungarian army was crushed by the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, which would lead to the end of Hungary as an independent united kingdom for almost 400 years.

Legacy
In the aftermath, the Ottomans had removed a significant opposition to their expansion into central and eastern Europe; subsequent battles forced a large number of Europeans to become Ottoman subjects.

The fallen Polish King was named Władysław III Warneńczyk in memory of the battle.

The Battle of Varna is commemorated on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw, with the inscription "WARNA 10 XI 1444".

Footnotes

References

 Ervin Liptai (1984), Magyarország hadtörténete I. Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó, Budapest.  –

External links
 Oszk.hu: Battle map of the Battle of Varna –
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Battle of Varna
Conflicts in 1444
Battle of Varna
Battle of Varna
Battle of Varna
Battle of Varna
Battles involving Bulgaria
Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles involving Bohemia
Battles involving Poland
Battles involving Hungary
Battles involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Battles of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars
Battles involving Wallachia
Battles of the Middle Ages
15th-century crusades
Bulgaria–Poland relations
Varna

Battle of Varna


Bruce Samuel Bryant (born November 21, 1961) is an American politician and boiler operator. Bryant served as a Democratic State Senator from Maine's 14th District, representing part of Oxford County as well as the town of Jay in adjacent Franklin County. A resident of Dixfield, Bryant graduated from Dirigo High School and began working in the NewPage Paper Mill in Rumford in 1980.

He sought election to the Maine Senate in 2002 and was elected. He won re-election in 2004, 2006 and 2008. He was unable to seek re-election in 2010 due to term limits and was replaced by union leader and state representative John L. Patrick.

He is the younger brother of fellow Democratic politician Mark Bryant, a Maine State Representative. In 2007, they discovered that Republican State Senator Paula Benoit—who was adopted as a baby—is their aunt.

References

1961 births
Living people
People from Canton, Maine
Democratic Party Maine state senators
21st-century American politicians
People from Dixfield, Maine

Bruce S. Bryant


Contrast is the difference in luminance or colour that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) visible on a background of different luminance or color. The human visual system is more sensitive to contrast than to absolute luminance; we can perceive the world similarly regardless of the huge changes in illumination over the day or from place to place. The maximum contrast of an image is the contrast ratio or dynamic range. Images with a contrast ratio close to their medium's maximum possible contrast ratio experience a conservation of contrast, wherein any increase in contrast in some parts of the image must necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image will increase contrast in dark areas but decrease contrast in bright areas, while darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass destroys contrast in both the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.

Biological contrast sensitivity
Campbell and Robson (1968) showed that the human contrast sensitivity function shows a typical band-pass filter shape peaking at around 4 cycles per degree, with sensitivity dropping off either side of the peak. This can be observed by changing one's viewing distance from a "sweep grating" (shown below) showing many bars of a sinusoidal grating that go from high to low contrast along the bars, and go from narrow (high spatial frequency) to wide (low spatial frequency) bars across the width of the grating. In the figure below, at an ordinary viewing distance, the bars in the middle appear to be the longest, because of their optimal spatial frequency, whereas at a far viewing distance, the longest visible bars shift to the originally wide bars (now with the same spatial frequency as the middle bars at reading distance).

The high-frequency cut-off represents the optical limitations of the visual system's ability to resolve detail and is typically about 60 cycles per degree. The high-frequency cut-off is also related to the packing density of the retinal photoreceptor cells: a finer matrix can resolve finer gratings.

The low frequency drop-off is due to lateral inhibition within the retinal ganglion cells. A typical retinal ganglion cell's receptive field comprises a central region in which light either excites or inhibits the cell, and a surround region in which light has the opposite effects.

One experimental phenomenon is the inhibition of blue in the periphery if blue light is displayed against white, leading to a yellow surrounding. The yellow is derived from the inhibition of blue on the surroundings by the center. Since white minus blue is red and green, this mixes to become yellow.

For example, in the case of graphical computer displays, contrast depends on the properties of the picture source or file and the properties of the computer display, including its variable settings. For some screens the angle between the screen surface and the observer's line of sight is also important.

Formula

There are many possible definitions of contrast. Some include color; others do not. Travnikova laments, "Such a multiplicity of notions of contrast is extremely inconvenient. It complicates the solution of many applied problems and makes it difficult to compare the results published by different authors."

Various definitions of contrast are used in different situations. Here, luminance contrast is used as an example, but the formulas can also be applied to other physical quantities. In many cases, the definitions of contrast represent a ratio of the type

The rationale behind this is that a small difference is negligible if the average luminance is high, while the same small difference matters if the average luminance is low (see Weber–Fechner law). Below, some common definitions are given.

Weber contrast

Weber contrast is defined as

with  and  representing the luminance of the features and the background, respectively. The measure is also referred to as Weber fraction, since it is the term that is constant in Weber's Law. Weber contrast is commonly used in cases where small features are present on a large uniform background, i.e., where the average luminance is approximately equal to the background luminance.

Michelson contrast

Michelson contrast (also known as the visibility) is commonly used for patterns where both bright and dark features are equivalent and take up similar fractions of the area (e.g. sine-wave gratings). The Michelson contrast is defined as

with  and  representing the highest and lowest luminance. The denominator represents twice the average of the maximum and minimum luminances.

This form of contrast is an effective way to quantify contrast for periodic functions f(x) and is also known as the modulation mf of a periodic signal f. Modulation quantifies the relative amount by which the amplitude (or difference) (fmax − fmin)/2 of f stands out from the average value (or background) (fmax + fmin)/2. In general, mf refers to the contrast of the periodic signal f relative to its average value. If mf = 0, then f has no contrast. If two periodic functions f and g have the same average value, then f has more contrast than g if mf > mg.

RMS contrast

Root mean square (RMS) contrast does not depend on the spatial frequency content or the spatial distribution of contrast in the image.  RMS contrast is defined as the standard deviation of the pixel intensities:

where intensities  are the -th -th element of the two-dimensional image of size  by .  is the average intensity of all pixel values in the image. The image  is assumed to have its pixel intensities normalized in the range .

Contrast sensitivity

Contrast sensitivity is a measure of the ability to see different luminances in a static image. Contrast sensitivity varies with age, increasing to a maximum around 20, and at spatial frequencies of about 2–5 cycles per degree. It then decreases with greater ages. Contrast sensitivity is also reduced by other factors such as cataracts and diabetic retinopathy.

Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity

Visual acuity is a parameter that is frequently used to assess overall vision. However, diminished contrast sensitivity may cause decreased visual function in spite of normal visual acuity. For example, some individuals with glaucoma may achieve 20/20 vision on acuity exams, yet struggle with activities of daily living, such as driving at night.

As mentioned above, contrast sensitivity describes the ability of the visual system to distinguish bright and dim components of a static image.  Visual acuity can be defined as the angle with which one can resolve two points as being separate since the image is shown with 100% contrast and is projected onto the fovea of the retina. Thus, when an optometrist or ophthalmologist assesses a patient's visual acuity using a Snellen chart or some other acuity chart, the target image is displayed at high contrast, e.g., black letters of decreasing size on a white background.  A subsequent contrast sensitivity exam may demonstrate difficulty with decreased contrast (using, e.g., the Pelli–Robson chart, which consists of uniform-sized but increasingly pale grey letters on a white background).

To assess a patient's contrast sensitivity, one of several diagnostic exams may be used.  Most charts in an ophthalmologist's or optometrist's office will show images of varying contrast and spatial frequency.  Parallel bars of varying width and contrast, known as sine-wave gratings, are sequentially viewed by the patient.  The width of the bars and their distance apart represent spatial frequency, measured in cycles per degree (cpd or cyc/deg).

Studies have demonstrated that medium-level spatial frequency, approximately 5–7 cycles per degree, is optimally detected by most individuals, compared with low- or high-level spatial frequencies. The contrast threshold can be defined as the minimum contrast that can be resolved by the patient.  The contrast sensitivity is equal to 1/contrast-threshold.

Using the results of a contrast sensitivity exam, a contrast sensitivity curve can be plotted, with spatial frequency on the horizontal, and contrast threshold on the vertical axis.  Also known as contrast sensitivity function (CSF), the plot demonstrates the normal range of contrast sensitivity, and will indicate diminished contrast sensitivity in patients who fall below the normal curve.  Some graphs contain "contrast sensitivity acuity equivalents", with lower acuity values falling in the area under the curve.  In patients with normal visual acuity and concomitant reduced contrast sensitivity, the area under the curve serves as a graphical representation of the visual deficit.  It can be because of this impairment in contrast sensitivity that patients have difficulty driving at night, climbing stairs and other activities of daily living in which contrast is reduced.

Recent studies have demonstrated that intermediate-frequency sinusoidal patterns are optimally-detected by the retina due to the center-surround arrangement of neuronal receptive fields. In an intermediate spatial frequency, the peak (brighter bars) of the pattern is detected by the center of the receptive field, while the troughs (darker bars) are detected by the inhibitory periphery of the receptive field.  For this reason, low- and high-spatial frequencies elicit excitatory and inhibitory impulses by overlapping frequency peaks and troughs in the center and periphery of the neuronal receptive field. Other environmental, physiologic and anatomical factors influence the neuronal transmission of sinusoidal patterns, including adaptation.

Decreased contrast sensitivity arises from multiple etiologies, including retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), amblyopia, lens abnormalities, such as cataract, and by higher-order neural dysfunction, including stroke and Alzheimer's disease. In light of the multitude of etiologies leading to decreased contrast sensitivity, contrast sensitivity tests are useful in the characterization and monitoring of dysfunction, and less helpful in detection of disease.

Contrast threshold

A large-scale study of luminance contrast thresholds was done in the 1940s by Blackwell, using a forced-choice procedure. Discs of various sizes and luminances were presented in different positions against backgrounds at a wide range of adaptation luminances, and subjects had to indicate where they thought the disc was being shown. After statistical pooling of results (90,000 observations by seven observers), the threshold for a given target size and luminance was defined as the Weber contrast level at which there was a 50% detection level. The experiment employed a discrete set of contrast levels, resulting in discrete values of threshold contrast. Smooth curves were drawn through these, and values tabulated. The resulting data have been used extensively in areas such as lighting engineering and road safety.

A separate study by Knoll et al investigated thresholds for point sources by requiring subjects to vary the brightness of the source to find the level at which it was just visible. A mathematical formula for the resulting threshold curve was proposed by Hecht, with separate branches for scotopic and photopic vision. Hecht's formula was used by Weaver to model the naked-eye visibility of stars. The same formula was used later by Schaefer to model stellar visibility through a telescope.

Crumey showed that Hecht's formula fitted the data very poorly at low light levels, so was not really suitable for modelling stellar visibility. Crumey instead constructed a more accurate and general model applicable to both the Blackwell and Knoll et al data. Crumey's model covers all light levels, from zero background luminance to daylight levels, and instead of parameter-tuning is based on an underlying linearity related to Ricco's law. Crumey used it to model astronomical visibility for targets of arbitrary size, and to study the effects of light pollution.

See also
 Display contrast
 Acutance
 Color blindness
 Radiocontrast
 Contrast ratio

References

External links
Details on luminance contrast

Vision
Photometry
Dimensionless numbers

Contrast (vision)


Ciudad Valles is the second-largest city in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. It is located in the eastern part of the state (), in the cultural region of Huasteca. The city is also the municipal seat of the surrounding municipality of the same name. It had a 2020 census population of 136,351.

Government

Ciudad Valles is a municipality governed by a democratically elected Presidente Municipal (Municipal President) or Mayor for a period of three years.

Geography

Climate

Ciudad Valles has a humid tropical climate. During the summer from April to October, Ciudad Valles experiences high temperatures. The all-time high temperature is  along with a consistent humidity. In the winter Ciudad Valles has mild temperatures; a few times a year the thermometer registers less than  The all-time low is .

Transportation

The Pan-American Highway or Interamerican Highway built in the 1930s represents Ciudad Valles' most vital corridor. The Highway leads north to Nuevo Laredo via Monterrey, and to the south to Mexico City.

Ciudad Valles connects San Luis Potosí with Tampico. Both cities are politically and economically interrelated with Ciudad Valles.

Tourism

Ciudad Valles is one of Mexico's most popular destinations for tourists.

Micos waterfall
These waterfalls are known for their steep falls in the middle of hills surrounded by vegetation.

These waterfalls are located  from Ciudad Valles and are part of Tampaon river, best known as the Micos River. This name was given due to the abundance of spider monkeys that inhabited this area. This river goes down through a large series of falls with a vertiginous acceleration. Rafting through the rapids of this river is a common activity. At the top of the waterfall there is a scenic viewpoint.

Tamasopo

Another destination for adventure tourism for the Verastegui Sierra, where the spectacle of the Espinazo del Diablo (Backbone of the Devil) and its ravines which are up to  deep can be seen. In this place, access is difficult due to the rough terrain.

Tamasopo waterfalls are nearby, a group of three waterfalls that form a  waterfall that falls violently into a 5 meter deep well, in whose banks there are beaches.

Tamul waterfall
From the town of Tanchachín, the Tamul waterfall is about two hours by boat. With a  drop, it is the highest waterfall in the state of San Luis Potosí. It is known its height and its crystalline turquoise water. Formed by the waters of the Gallinas River at its confluence with the Tampaon, Tamul Falls cascade into the Tampaon River. Twenty five miles downstream from the falls, the Tampaon meanders past the ancient pyramid site of Tamtoc. Archaeologists believe that Tamtoc is the northernmost pre-Columbian city with pyramids in Mexico, and some speculate that it could be the place of origin of the Aztecs from which they launched their migration to the Valley of Mexico. The best time to visit the waterfall is during the low water season from July to October, when it is easily accessible.

Tancanhuitz de Santos
This town is located  from Ciudad Valles. The Huehuetlan Sierra creek is located here, which is a natural frontier that divides the huastecas to the south and the nahuatlacos native groups.

These two indigenous groups nowadays still preserve their languages, dress and customs from their ancestors. When going down from their communities towards the "tianguis" (street market) every Sunday, women wear their quetzquemaletls (v.-shaped ponchos) that they knit and embroider. The languages spoken here mix Nahuatl, Huasteco and Spanish.

References

External links
Municipio de Ciudad Valles Official website
Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
San Luis Potosí Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

Populated places in San Luis Potosí
Huastec sites

Ciudad Valles


Scott Earl Holman (born June 4, 1954) is a jazz pianist, composer and recording artist also recognized for his contributions to the Chicago jazz community.

Biography
Scott Earl Holman was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He moved to Miami, Florida in 1972 to attend the University of Miami.
He left to study jazz piano with Wally Cirillo, who recorded with Charles Mingus and studied under John Cage.

Holman had his big debut as the house trio in "Hemmingways." "Hemmingways" boasted acts like Buddy Rich, Earl Hines, Lionel Hampton, and Fred Cole. Between 1972 and 1990, Holman performed at all of the major venues in South Florida. In 1985, he released his first album, Through Kathleen's Eyes, under his own record label, BEKA Records. His second album, Language of the Heart, was released in 1988, while Holman was performing at the Doral Hotel on Miami Beach.

Holman moved to Chicago in 1990 where he was featured live in several performances with Richie Cole on Larry Smith's WBEZ Jazz Party (91.5 fm). He founded the jazz programs at: Chambers, Chicago Blue Note (Beale St. Blues Cafe), Frankie's Blue Room, Tony's Paisons, Delaney & Murphy's, and Regina's. He gained recognition while running jazz programs in various Chicago clubs, playing with jazz artists including Ira Sullivan, Von Freeman, Lin Halliday, Eric Alexander, and Paul Wertico.

While at the Chicago Blue Note, Holman's trio opened for such artists as Maynard Fergusen, Maria Muldaur, Leon Russell, and G.E. Smith. In 1997, Holman recorded and released Don't Wake the Kids with Pawel Jarzebski and Rusty Jones on Southport Records. His 2007 Crumblehead Records re-release of Don't Wake the Kids received more acclaim, particularly internationally. His recordings also feature Ira Sullivan, Larry Coryell, Paul Wertico and many other notable jazz luminaries.
His 2012 release "Ode" with Ira Sullivan donates 100% profits to the homeless.  Chicago Tribune jazz critic Howard Reich ranked "He Will Be Immanuel" with Ira Sullivan alongside Wynton Marsellis's Christmas release as one of the seven best of Christmas 2013. His recording "Song for Ai Wei Wei " with Larry Coryell, is a tribute to the free speech activist and artist who is under house arrest in China. It was released in 2014.

Discography
 Through Kathleen's Eyes, 1985
 Language of the Heart, 1988
 Don't Wake the Kids, 1997
 Don't Wake the Kids: re-release 2007 Crumblehead Records
 Live @ Delaney and Murphy's 2007
 Faith and Works, with Paul Wertico , 2009
 Ode , with Ira Sullivan , 2013
 He Will Be Immanuel,  with Ira Sullivan  , 2014
 ''For Jazz Audio Fans Only (VOL 3) ' Terashima Records Japan

References

External links
  Scott Earl Holman official website
 ChicagoJazz.com

American jazz pianists
American male pianists
1954 births
Living people
Jazz musicians from Pittsburgh
Jazz musicians from Chicago
University of Miami alumni
Musicians from Miami
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

Scott Earl Holman


The Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) is a physical and logical interface defined in the original IEEE 802.3 standard for 10BASE5 Ethernet and the previous DIX standard. The physical interface consists of a 15-pin D-subminiature connection that provides a path between an Ethernet node's physical signaling and the Medium Attachment Unit (MAU), sometimes also known as a transceiver. An AUI cable may be up to  long, although frequently the cable is omitted altogether and the MAU and medium access controller MAC are directly attached to one another. On Ethernet implementations without separate MAU and MAC, the AUI is omitted.

AUI connectors became rare beginning in the early 1990s when computers and hubs began to incorporate the MAU, particularly as the 10BASE-T standard became more common and use of 10BASE5 (thicknet) and 10BASE2 (thinnet) declined. The electrical AUI connection was still present inside the equipment. With the introduction of Fast Ethernet the AUI became obsolete, and was replaced by the Media Independent Interface (MII). Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet have respectively the GMII and XGMII interfaces. A 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface called XAUI was developed to extend the operational distance of the XGMII and to reduce the number of interface signals.

A modified form using a smaller connector called the Apple Attachment Unit Interface (AAUI) was introduced on Apple Macintosh computers in 1991, and its use discontinued in 1998.

Connector and signals

An AUI connector is a DA-15 (D-subminiature). It has a sliding clip in place of the thumbscrews normally found on a D-connector to hold two connectors together. This clip permits the MAU and MAC to be directly attached to one another even when their size and shape would preclude the use of thumbscrews. This clip is however frequently found to be awkward and/or unreliable.

References

Ethernet
Computer connectors

Attachment Unit Interface


Geoffrey Harber Diggle (6 December 1902 – 13 February 1993) was a British chess player and writer. Diggle contributed articles to the British Chess Magazine (BCM) from 1933 to 1981, and to the British Chess Federation's publications Newsflash and Chess Moves from 1974 to 1992. C.H.O'D. Alexander called Diggle "one of the best writers on chess that I know". In his A Book of Chess, Alexander reproduced in toto Diggle's account, first published in the November and December 1943 BCM, of the match between Staunton and St. Amant.

After Diggle told Alexander of a game he had lost in seven moves (1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bc4 Nxe4 4.Bxf7+?! Kxf7 5.Nxe4 Nc6 6.Qf3+ Kg8?? 7.Ng5! 1-0 Davids-Diggle, London Banks League 1949), Alexander affectionately christened Diggle "the Badmaster", a facetious counterpoint to the more familiar title Grandmaster. Diggle later adopted the sobriquet as a pseudonym, writing a series of articles in Newsflash under that name between 1974 and 1986.

Chess historian Edward Winter wrote the following in his remembrance of Diggle in CHESS magazine:
Specializing in nineteenth-century chess history (particularly the Staunton period), he brought the old masters to life with rare wit and shrewdness. These qualities also permeated his accounts of the idiosyncratic doings and sayings of club "characters", such as the elderly player "who fumbled his way to perdition at reasonable speed until he was a queen and two minor pieces to the bad, after which he discovered that 'every move demanded the nicest calculation'", or "the Lincoln bottom board of 1922, who complained that he had 'lost his queen about the third move and couldn't seem to get going after that'."

A former county champion, G.H.D. was charmingly self-deprecatory in his reminiscences, as when he had a game adjudicated by Tartakower: "The Great Master, having been fetched, sat down at the board very simply and unaffectedly, and drank in through his spectacles the fruits (and probably the whole deplorable history) of the Badmaster's afternoon strategy."

Little escaped G.H.D.'s eye, even towards the end. Modestly adapting Oscar Wilde, he claimed to have "nothing to declare but his longevity", simply adding that he had "mingled from time to time with three generations of eminent players ranging from Isidor Gunsberg to Nigel Short, and rambled extensively round the highways and byways of provincial chess". He was one of the game's most stylish chroniclers.

In 1984 and 1987, Chess Notes published two collections of Diggle's Newsflash articles as Chess Characters: Reminiscences of a Badmaster and Chess Characters: Reminiscences of a Badmaster, Volume II.

References

1902 births
1993 deaths
English non-fiction writers
British chess writers
British chess players
English male non-fiction writers
People from South Holland (district)
20th-century chess players
20th-century English male writers

G. H. Diggle


"The One Thing" is a song by Australian rock group INXS, released in July 1982 as the first single ahead of their third studio album, Shabooh Shoobah, which appeared in October that year.

At the 1982 Countdown Music Awards, the song was nominated for Best Australian Single.

Background
In January 1982 INXS toured New Zealand as support act for Cold Chisel. Band manager Chris Murphy became convinced their future no longer lay with Deluxe Records. RCA (who distributed Deluxe) had employed music lover Rockin' Rod Woods, who had been promoting Eric Clapton, Split Enz and some of the world's biggest acts. Woods was passionate about the band and brought key music people along to their gigs. He encouraged RCA to sign them worldwide because Murphy had played him some demos of future songs. Deluxe had been unable to attract international interest, and the band decided to record a new song at their own expense, with Mark Opitz at Paradise Studios. The resultant single, "One Thing", peaked at number 14 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. Due to the success of the song Murphy hired Opitz to produce three more songs. Murphy also approached WEA Australia with copies of the song, leading to INXS signing a recording deal in July 1982 with WEA for releases in Australia, South East Asia, Japan and New Zealand, Atco Records (a subsidiary of Atlantic Records) for North America and Polygram for Europe and the UK.

Shabooh Shoobah was released in the United States in February 1983 and peaked at number 46 on the Billboard 200 album chart. "The One Thing" brought INXS their first Top 40 hit in the US, reaching number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May–June 1983. It was a big hit on album-oriented rock radio, reaching number 2 on the Billboard Top Tracks chart, and was also a top 20 hit in Canada.

The music video for the song, directed by Soren Jensen, featured the band members having a decadent banquet with a number of beautiful models, including Hutchence's then girlfriend Michele Bennett, interspersed with clips of the band playing their instruments. Hutchence knew Jensen, who was an assistant director on the Australian soap opera, The Young Doctors, through his mother, Patricia, who was a make-up artist for the show. The models, Susan Stenmark and Karen Pini, who appear in the music video were also actresses on The Young Doctors. The music video was their first video to air on the fledgling MTV and went into high rotation on the channel, which added to the chart success of the single in the US.We made a crazy video at home in Australia for "The One Thing." We fed valium to a few cats and had them running around a table while we had a feast with sexy models and Playboy centerfolds, ripping apart a turkey. Next thing we knew we had a top 40 hit in America and were opening for Adam Ant. Tim Farriss

Track listing
7" single Track listing

12" Maxi single Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1982 singles
INXS songs
Songs written by Andrew Farriss
Songs written by Michael Hutchence
1982 songs
Mercury Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mark Opitz

The One Thing (song)


Carolyn P. Chiechi (born December 6, 1943) is a retired judge of the United States Tax Court.

Chiechi graduated first in her class from Georgetown University in 1965, and earned a J.D. in 1969, an LL.M. in Taxation in 1971, and a Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, in 2000. After completing her LL.M., she served as an advisor to Judge Leo H. Irwin of the United States Tax Court from 1969-71. She then engaged in private practice with Sutherland Asbill & Brennan from 1971 to 1992, making partner in 1976. On October 1, 1992, Chiechi was appointed by President George H. W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, for a term ending September 30, 2007. She retired on September 30, 2007, but continued to perform judicial duties as Senior Judge on recall until October 19, 2018.

Activities and honoraria
District of Columbia Bar: Member, 1969–Present; Member, Taxation Section, 1973–99; Member, Taxation Section Steering Committee, 1980–82, Chairperson, 1981–82; Member, Tax Audits and Litigation Committee, 1986–92, Chairperson, 1987–88.
American Bar Association: Member, 1969–Present; Member, Section of Taxation, 1969–Present; Member, Committee on Court Procedure, 1991–Present; Member, Litigation Section, 1995–2000; Member, Judicial Division, 1997-2000.
Federal Bar Association: Member, 1969–Present; Member, Section of Taxation, 1969–Present; Member, Judiciary Division, 1992–Present.
Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia: Member, 1992–Present.
Fellow, American College of Tax Counsel.
Fellow, American Bar Foundation.
Member, Board of Governors, Georgetown University Alumni Association, 1994–97, 1997-2000.
Member, Board of Regents, Georgetown University, 1988–94; 1995-2001.
Member, National Law Alumni Board, Georgetown University, 1986-93.
Member, Board of Directors, Stuart Stiller Memorial Foundation, 1986-99.
Member, American Judicature Society, 1994–Present.
One of several recipients of the first Georgetown University Law Alumni Awards (1994). One of several recipients of the first Georgetown University Law Center Alumnae Achievement Awards (1998).
Admitted to Who's Who in American Law, Who's Who of American Women, and Who's Who in America.

Attribution
Material on this page was copied from the website of the United States Tax Court, which is published by a United States government agency, and is therefore in the public domain.

References

1943 births
Living people
Georgetown University alumni
Judges of the United States Tax Court
United States Article I federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush
20th-century American judges
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
People from New Jersey
21st-century American judges
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American women judges

Carolyn Chiechi


Alexander Begg (19 July 1839 – 6 September 1897) was Canadian journalist and businessman. His books covered historical events in Canada.

He was born in Quebec City and ended up heading west because of business he was conducting for an import-export firm's Hamilton, Ontario office. He arrived at the Red River Colony (Manitoba) in 1867 as an agent for various firms. The following year he formed a successful partnership as general merchants and outfitters with Andrew Bannatyne. This partnership lasted until late in 1871.

During this period and beyond, Begg was prominent in the community fighting for a representative government in Manitoba. At first, he was supportive of both the Métis and Hudson's Bay Company and criticized the expansionist ideas of many of his fellow Canadians. In the summer of 1874 he became editor of the Daily Nor'Wester. As the Red River Rebellion wore on, however, he began to advocate a negotiated annexation of the region by Canada, provided local rights were preserved. He was in business in Winnipeg until 1877 and published and edited a variety of materials. In 1877, he became Queen's Printer of Manitoba. He also was Sergeant-at-Arms to the Legislature and then Deputy Treasurer and Auditor at different times.

In his book about the Red River Troubles in 1869 he laid out the almost state-free social-political system before the rebellion started:

"The Courts of Justice savored more of arbitration than of a mere attention to the technicalities of law; and it generally happened that there were more cases decided outside the court-room than inside it. People at that period had learned to live on terms of friendship and kindliness towards each other; and, consequently, it was not a difficult matter to heal a breach between any two individuals. The Government at that time depended greatly on the quiet, peaceful, and contented character of the people for a strict observance of law and order, and did not deem it necessary to enforce severe measures."

Begg left Winnipeg in 1884 for London, England and in 1888 moved to Seattle to re-enter journalism. In 1892 he moved to Victoria, British Columbia as editor of the Victoria Daily News. He worked at his journalism in B.C. until his death. Begg should not be confused with another journalist of the same name active in Victoria at the time.

His written legacy includes much material from Manitoba and the North-West covering the period he had lived in Winnipeg and later years. In 1956, the Champlain Society reprinted Begg's journal, as well as several other documents relating to the Red River Rebellion, edited by Canadian historian W. L. Morton.

Publications

The creation of Manitoba; or, a history of the Red River troubles (Toronto, 1871)  Internet Archive
Dot it down; a story of life in the north-west (Toronto, 1871)
Practical hand-book and guide to Manitoba and the northwest (Toronto, 1877)
The great Canadian north west: its past history, present condition, and glorious prospects (Montreal, 1881)
Seventeen years in the Canadian northwest (London, 1884)
Wrecks in the sea of life, a novel (New York, [1884])
Canada and its national highway (London, 1886)
Emigration  (London, 1886)
The great north-west of Canada  (London, [1886])
History of the north-west (3v., Toronto, 1894–95)
Ten years in Winnipeg: A narration of the principal events in the history of the city of Winnipeg from the year A.D. 1870 to the year A.D. 1879, inclusive (with Walter R. Nursey) (Winnipeg, 1879)
Alexander Begg's Red River Journal and Other Papers Relative to the Red River Resistance of 1869-1870. Edited by William Morton. (Toronto: Champlain Society Publications, 1956)

References

D. R. Owram,  "Alexander Begg" in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, 2000

1839 births
1897 deaths
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian newspaper journalists
Pre-Confederation Manitoba people
People of the Red River Rebellion
Journalists from Quebec
19th-century Canadian journalists
Canadian male journalists
19th-century Canadian male writers
Canadian people of Scottish descent

Alexander Begg (1839–1897)


The P-40 "Armour" or 1S12 (also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Long Track" in the west) is a 3-D UHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.

Development

The P-40 started development in 1960 and by 1962 the radar had completed state trials and in 1963 was accepted into service by the anti-aircraft troops of the Soviet armed forces.

In 1965 the P-40 gained the GRAU designation 1S12 as it was adopted as the target acquisition radar of the 2K11 Krug mobile anti-aircraft defence system. The main difference between P-40 and 1S12 is the additional "Telecode system" 1S62, with a telescope antenna at front right of chassis, to share data between 1S12 and 1S32.

The P-40 was developed by Scientific Research Institute #208 GKRE, which later became known as NIIIP of Minradioprom, OKB-588 (later Lianozovskiy Electromechanical Plant, LEMZ) also assisted in the production of the prototype.

Between 1966 and 1968 the radar was upgraded, increasing the range of the system. Later, between 1969 and 1970, the radar's range was again improved in addition to achieving better reliability.

Description

The P-40 was the first high-mobility radar to enter into service with the then new tactical anti-aircraft forces of the Soviet armed forces.

The P-40 used the AT-T artillery tractor with tracked chassis, fitted with a 12-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine with an output of 342 kW (465 hp) and producing a top speed of 55 km/h. The P-40 had a crew of 6 and a total weight of 35 tons, the radar being powered by a gas turbine running 400 Hz generator.

The radar uses an open frame truncated parabolic antenna with a stacked antenna feed. The radar antenna is mounted on the truck used to transport it giving excellent mobility; the radar is capable of being folded for stowage during transit. Azimuth was determined by mechanical scanning while the angle of the target is determined from within which beam of the antenna stack the target is detected. The radar does not carry a secondary antenna for IFF.

Operators

Former operators

Current operators

See also
List of radars

External links

 https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/11.ancient/karte052.en.html

References

Soviet military radars
Almaz-Antey products
Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s

P-40 radar


The Clifton House Mystery is a British children's cult television supernatural drama series written by Daniel Farson and Harry Moore, produced by Patrick Dromgoole and directed by Hugh David, and shown in 1978 by HTV for ITV.

Plot
Conductor Timothy Clare and his family – wife, daughter and two sons  – move into an old house in Bristol they had just bought from the elderly Mrs Betterton; the house having been in her family for generations. While exploring the garden, Timothy's two sons notice that the house has an extra window, and deduce that a hidden room may exist. After breaking through an upstairs wall and discovering an ancient dusty bedroom, a long-dead skeleton is found in the four-poster bed.

A number of strange incidents then start to occur. The Clares' daughter Jenny is visited by the ghost of a kindly old woman who appears to be summoned by a music box left behind by Mrs Betterton's granddaughter. Plates and bowls jump out of people's hands and smash to the ground. A dragoon's helmet that the boys had bought at Mrs Betterton's contents auction starts to glow mysteriously; and a blood-like liquid drips through the ceiling onto some dinner party guests.

After these unexplained incidents, the boys recruit a local ghost hunter called Milton Guest to investigate. After hearing what has happened, Guest becomes convinced that a ghost connected in some way with the Bristol Riots of 1831 is haunting the house. After checking local records, they realize that it may be the ghost of a dragoon commander called George Bretherton who was court-martialled for his lenient handling of the rioters, and who subsequently disappeared without trace.

Although she confirms that the house would have been in her family's possession at the time of the riots, Mrs Betterton claims to have been unaware of the secret room, or any family connection to the riots in 1831. She does mention that there was a 'family scandal' sometime in that era, but she was never told the details. Guest suspects that she is a direct descendant of Bretherton, the family name having been changed as a consequence of the 'scandal'.

Guest performs an exorcism that appears successful at first. The helmet stops glowing and the ghost of the old lady – apparently the dragoon's mother – is no longer seen; the music box which summoned her ceases to function and all returns to normal. However in the final episode, after authorities remove the skeleton and give it a Christian burial, the phenomena start to occur again...

Factual basis of subplot
The story of the Dragoon commander is based on the real-life case of Thomas Brereton, a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Dragoons stationed in Bristol in the 1830s when riots broke out following the failure in the House of Lords of the Reform Bill. Ordered to suppress the rioters with whatever means necessary, Brereton was court-martialled for leniency when he refused to fire on the rioters, resorting only to a cavalry charge when negotiations failed. He committed suicide by shooting himself before the trial reached a verdict.

Main characters
Timothy Clare (Sebastian Breaks) Conductor of the Bristol Chamber Orchestra who moves with his wife and three children into an old house in Bristol.
Sheila Clare (Ingrid Hafner) Timothy's wife who becomes slowly convinced that the strange occurrences may be paranormal.
Milton Guest (Peter Sallis) A ghost hunter whom the Clares' sons' invite to explore the strange phenomena, and who performs an apparently successful exorcism.

Home media availability
The Clifton House Mystery was released on Region 2 DVD in 2010 by Network.

Notes

External links

ITV children's television shows
British supernatural television shows
1978 British television series debuts
1978 British television series endings
1970s British children's television series
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Harlech Television
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Bristol
Television series about ghosts

The Clifton House Mystery


Héroe a la fuerza ("Hero in the Force") is a 1964 Mexican film. It stars Eulalio González, Rosa de Castilla y Sara García. It also features Óscar Pulido, David Reynoso, Arturo Castro, Nathanael León, Alejandro Reyna, Ramón Valdés and Víctor Alcocer.

Cast
Eulalio González as Caín / Abel
Rosa de Castilla as Lucha
Sara García as Doña Prudencia
Óscar Pulido as Physician
Lola Casanova as Juana
David Reynoso
Arturo Castro as Sheriff
José Luis Fernández
Nathanael León
José Chávez
Alejandro Reyna as Bartender
Ramón Valdés as Caín and Abel's father
Armando Gutiérrez as Physician
Roberto Meyer as Physician
Víctor Alcocer as School director
Emilio Garibay
Enrique García Álvarez
Carlos León
José Pardavé
René Barrera
Manuel Alvarado
Jesús Gómez
Vicente Lara
Leonor Gómez

External links

1964 films
Mexican comedy films
1960s Spanish-language films
Films directed by Miguel M. Delgado
1960s Mexican films

Héroe a la fuerza


Pakka Commercial () is an 2022 Indian Telugu-language legal action-comedy film. It is directed by Maruthi and produced by UV Creations and GA2 Pictures. The film stars Gopichand and Raashi Khanna with Sathyaraj, Rao Ramesh and Anasuya Bharadwaj playing pivotal roles. The movie was originally scheduled to release on May 20, 2022, but instead, it released on July 1, 2022.

Plot
Suryanarayana is a dutiful lawyer, who resigns after being unable to deliver justice to Amulya, who was threatened and blackmailed by the rich man named Vivek and ultimately committed suicide. While he works hard at his shop to provide for his family, his son Ramchand "Lucky" finds his law books and coat, sparking an inspiration to become a lawyer. Years later, Lucky becomes an advocate, who embodies the opposite principles of his father, settling cases outside of the court for his personal profits, which Suryanarayana is unaware. One day, Jhansi an actress whose character, a lawyer in a serial, was killed off to save money requests Lucky so that she can sue the studio. Although their case is rejected, Lucky is impressed by Jhansi's knowledge and qualifications in real-life law and they fall in love with each other.

Afterwards, Lucky defends a gangster, who killed a lawyer despite extensive evidence against him while Suryanayarana helps a couple file a case against a corrupt developer and politician who is actually Vivek. When Suryanarayana refers the case to him, he instead meets Vivek and agrees to work with him for substantial rewards. Vivek also kidnaps the husband, who exposed his corruption. On the second hearing for the gangster's murder case, Jhansi, who has gotten closer to the family, unexpectedly brings Suryanarayana to the courtroom, forcing Lucky to honestly argue and leading to a guilty verdict for the gangster. Watching through a secret camera, Vivek is impressed by his performances and reaches the court. Vivek's arrival brings all the truths to light, and Suryanaryana is ashamed by Lucky's actions, where he decides to fight for the couple himself.

Jhansi decides to join Suryanarayana after seeing his drive for justice. At home, they work on the case, splitting the house into halves which they title themselves as  Commercial (Lucky) and Non-Commercial (Suryanaryana and Jhansi).  Lucky uses various tricks to hamper Suryanaryana and Jhansi, slanders the couple's names, claiming that he had actually gone to Dubai and had affairs, and nearly gets Suryanaryana disbarred. Meanwhile, Lucky keeps getting gifts from Vivek. Lucky's search for the disappeared husband, ends to no avail and Vivek plans to kill him by putting him in a pillar and casting concrete inside. Lucky also meets a mysterious woman also named Amulya, who is Vivek's wife. Ultimately, Lucky gets a seat as an MLA in Vivek's political party.

As Vivek prepares to be sworn, the news breaks about the body of a cab driver that Vivek had murdered earlier being found at his farmhouse. It is revealed that Amulya is actually Saira Banu, the cab driver's wife. In retaliation, Vivek kidnaps Suryanarayana and asks Lucky to cover his bail. However, Lucky instead saves Suryanarayana from Vivek's goons and reveals that he had planned everything all along to seek vengeance on Vivek, ever since he saw Suryanarayana's sufferings as a child following his resignation, and had enlisted Saira Banu to seduce and distract Vivek. Vivek attempts to appeal, but his lawyer deserts him after revealing that Lucky used his gifts and conversations to collect his evidence and biometric traits. Finally, Vivek becomes insane and requests the court to provide him a death penalty.

Cast

 Gopichand as Lawyer Ramchand (Lucky)
 Raashii Khanna as Lawyer Jhansi
 Sathyaraj as Justice Suryanarayana
 Subhalekha Sudhakar as Justice Sudhakar
 Praveen as Junior Lawyer
 Rao Ramesh as Vivek
 Ajay Ghosh as PA Diwakar
 Kiran Talasila
 Srinivasa Reddy
 Viva Harsha as Balraju
 Ramana Reddy
 Saptagiri
 Sai Krishna
 Srikanth Iyengar
 Chitra Shukla as Amulya
 Aditi Gautam as Saira Banu aka Amulya
 Varalaxmi Sarathkumar as Senior Lawyer (Cameo appearance)
 Maruthi Dasari as Dancer, Cameo appearance in the title song
 Dev Gill as Ayub Khan
 Anasuya Bharadwaj as Prostitute

References

2022 movies

Pakka Commercial


Kamchatka Time, also known as Anadyr Time (ANAT) is a time zone in eastern Russia that is 12 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+12:00). It contains the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Its summer time zone was Kamchatka Summer Time, or Anadyr Summer Time (ANAST) (UTC+13:00).

On 28 March 2010, Kamchatka Time was eliminated, thus joining Magadan Time (UTC+11:00) and Magadan Summer Time (UTC+12:00). On 27 March 2011, Russia switched to daylight saving time permanently, so this time zone was at UTC+12:00 and when Russia switched to permanent standard time on 26 October 2014, this time zone was re-introduced.
Russia
Time zones

Kamchatka Time


Rajagopal Muthukumaraswamy (1936-2017) a publisher, librarian, translator and a Tamil scholar. He is also the Managing Director of South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society Ltd., (also known as Kazhagam).

Biography

Muthukumaraswamy  has been known to Tamil research scholars for more than 6 decades. As a writer he has contributed in translating famous English classics such as Kadathapatta David (David Copperfield), Wakefield Pathariyar (The Vicar of Wakefield), Karumani Malar (Black Tulip), Thayathu (Talisman) by Sir Walter Scott, Sirumi Eithi (Heidi) by Johanna Spyri, Indira Priyadharshani & 1008 Commemoration Bibliography. He has also compiled a bibliography of Tamil books jointly with Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, the father of the Library Movement of India.

Born in  Chennai, Muthukumaraswamy had his education in Madras. After graduation in 1957 he trained in Library Science. Education: B.A. (Hons) (Tamil Literature) (1957) Pachaiyappa's College, M.A. (1958), D.L.S. (1959), B.Lib.Sc. (1961).

In 1980, he joined as the General Manager of South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society Ltd. and was promoted to Managing Director in 1983. Apart from publishing old manuscripts and rare books, the Kazhagam is running a library called Maraimalai Adigal Library which was started in remembrance of Maraimalai Adigal and he started his career as a Librarian from this library. The library is considered important to Tamil Research Scholars. As a librarian he has helped more than 500 scholars to prepare their Thesis for Ph.D., M.Litt., & M.Phil., degree. He showed keen interest in collecting papers related to Tamil and Tamils history & culture. Likewise, few of the collections was utilized to publish a book in 1946 called Madras Presidency Tamil Sangam this is recorded by the author in the book called 'Antinomies of modernity essay' & his work is also recorded in another book called The Province of the Book as, 'The publishing house Saiva Siddhanta Kazhagam, which has a central place in Tamil publishing history. V. Subbiah Pillai and his heir apparent R. Muthukumaraswamy had built this library over the years as the place for Tamil imprints'. Also, he is the editor of the Tamil literary Magazine called SenTamizh Selvi.

Posts held
1960-1970: Secretary - Madras Library Association, Madras.
1963     : Member - Indian Standards Institution, Library Committee, Madras Chapter.
1967     : Secretary - IInd International Tamil Conference - Exhibition Committee.
1981     : Secretary & Treasurer Vth International Tamil Conference, Madurai. (Paper Studies & Seminar Area - Madurai Kamaraj University
2003-2005: President BAPASI -Chennai Book Fair.

Awards
Dr. S. R. Ranganathan Award for Library Service.
Federation of Indian Publishers Award for leading Tamil Publishing service.
Sentamizh Selvar virudhu by the Government of Tamil Nadu

References

1936 births
Scholars from Chennai
Living people
20th-century Indian translators

Rajagopal Muthukumaraswamy


The Thunderer (Jerry Carstairs) is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Timely Comics.

Publication history
He first appeared in Daring Mystery Comics #7 (Timely, April 1941) and was created by John Compton and Carl Burgos. He returned in issue #8 (Jan 1942). In All Winners Comics #6 (Sept 1942), he changed his hero name to the Black Avenger. This was his last Golden Age appearance.  The Thunderer wore a red costume with blue highlights, but the color scheme was reversed on the covers.

Fictional character biography
Frustrated that the United States did not seem to be dealing with crime or Nazi saboteurs, radio operator Jerry Carstairs created a costume with a built-in microphone and fought for justice as the Thunderer. In his first recorded appearance, Jerry learned that radio station WWLX was really a front for Nazi Fifth Columnists who were transmitting secret messages hidden in music. Learning that they were targeting his girlfriend Eileen Conroy, a newspaper reporter, he foiled their operation. In order to protect his secret identity, Jerry acted like a meek weakling while in his civilian guise. Thunderer later uncovered the machinations of a hideously deformed dwarf named Gore who hated beautiful people so much that he rigged Morse code death traps that killed his victims over the radio. The Thunderer destroyed his operation, and Gore was killed in a house fire caused by faulty wiring in his equipment.

Thunderer's activities were few and far between due to the limitations his position with the FCC provided in giving him leads to criminal or spy activities. The Thunderer briefly changed his name (but not his costume) to the Black Avenger. In the fall of 1942, the FBI caught a Nazi spy that resembled Jerry and convinced him to go undercover to try and expose the spy ring that was sending defense secrets back to Nazi Germany. As the Black Avenger, Jerry managed to round up the Nazis including their leader Kurt Weidner and turn him over to justice

Alongside a number of other heroes, the Thunderer participated in an air drop on a Nazi stronghold.

The Thunderer attended a reunion of World War II costumed heroes.

In 1943, the Black Avenger was among a number of heroes who were slain by the Cosmic Cube-wielding Red Skull and impaled on a massive wall. However, the Cosmic Cube was recovered by Private Paul Anslen who resurrected all the slain heroes who aided the combined efforts of the Invaders and the time displaced New Avengers and Mighty Avengers. When Red Skull was defeated, the heroes used the Cosmic Cube to wipe out the Black Avenger's memories of the event to preserve history.

During the "Last Days" part of the Secret Wars storyline, Thunderer is seen as a resident of Valhalla Villas (a retirement home for ex-heroes and ex-villains in Miami). He was temporarily de-aged during the Incursion between Earth-616 and Earth-1610.

In Marvel Comics #1000, it was revealed that Jerry was a subject in a side project of Project Rebirth, the government project that created Captain America, called Project Thunderer. Thunderer's mask is a magical item called the Eternity Mask, which was created by a group of renegade occultists from Eternity's own substance during the days of King Arthur. When his friend William Naslund, the Spirit of '76 (as Captain America) was killed by the android Adam II, Thunderer blamed the Scientists' Guild, also known as the Three Xs and later the Enclave, for their role in Naslund's death as they were responsible for bankrolling Professor Horton to create another android like the Human Torch, as well as supplying Adam-II's programming with the Three Xs's ideas for the next stage of mankind, leading to the android's madness. Changing his identity to Dark Avenger, Carstairs swears to take down the Three Xs. However, Carstairs was killed and the Eternity Mask taken by the Enclave. His corpse would be found by Marvel Boy, with a recording to stop the Scientists Guild.

Powers and abilities
Thunderer is an expert hand-to-hand combatant and possesses a powerful sonic scream derived from his costume.

In other media
The Thunderer appears in the Spider-Man five-part episode "Six Forgotten Warriors", voiced by Hansford Rowe. This version, along with the Black Marvel, the Destroyer, Miss America, and the Whizzer, obtained his powers from a flawed attempt at recreating the process that empowered Captain America during World War II, which he regulates with a special ring. After Captain America apparently sacrificed himself to stop the Red Skull from activating a Doomsday machine, Thunderer and the other heroes took possession of the machine's activation keys and retired. In the present, the Kingpin sends the Insidious Six to gather the keys. The Thunderer is the last to be located, as he had stayed close to the base the Doomsday machine was held in to guard it while disguised as a homeless man. The Thunderer later joins forces with the other heroes, Captain America, and Spider-Man in fighting the Kingpin's, and later the Red Skull's, forces.

References

External links
 Thunderer at Comic Vine
 Thunderer at International Hero

Characters created by Carl Burgos
Comics characters introduced in 1941
Fictional characters who can manipulate sound
Fictional World War II veterans
Golden Age superheroes
Marvel Comics American superheroes
Marvel Comics male superheroes
Timely Comics characters

Thunderer (Marvel Comics)


The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of riots on June 3–8, 1943 in Los Angeles, California, United States, involving American servicemen stationed in Southern California and young Latino and Mexican American city residents. It was one of the dozen wartime industrial cities that suffered race-related riots in the summer of 1943, along with Mobile, Alabama; Beaumont, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; and New York City.

American servicemen and white Angelenos attacked and stripped children, teenagers, and youths who wore zoot suits, ostensibly because they considered the outfits, which were made from large amounts of fabric, to be unpatriotic during World War II. Rationing of fabrics and certain foods was required at the time for the war effort. While most of the violence was directed toward Mexican American youth; African American and Filipino American youths who were wearing zoot suits were also attacked.

The Zoot Suit Riots were related to fears and hostilities aroused by the coverage of the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial, following the killing of a young Latino man in what was then an unincorporated commercial area near Los Angeles. The riot appeared to trigger similar attacks that year against Latinos in Chicago, San Diego, Oakland, Evansville, Philadelphia, and New York City. The defiance of zoot suiters became inspirational for Chicanos during the Chicano Movement.

1940s in the United States
20th century in Los Angeles, California
Riots in the United States

Zoot Suit Riots


Terrence Collinson Graves (6 July 1945 – 16 February 1968) was a United States Marine Corps officer who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his "outstanding courage, superb leadership and indomitable fighting spirit" on 16 February 1968, during the Vietnam War.

Biography
Terrence Collinson Graves was born on 6 July 1945, in Corpus Christi, Texas, and grew up in Groton, New York. He graduated from Edmeston Central High School, Edmeston, New York, in 1963, and from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, with a B.A. degree in history on 19 April 1967.

During his school years, he was a senior patrol leader of the Boy Scouts of America and President of the Methodist Youth Fellowship. Graves was battalion commander of his NROTC unit and a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity while attending Miami University.

Marine Corps service
In 1967, Graves was commissioned a Marine Corps second lieutenant upon graduation from Miami University. He completed The Basic School, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, in November 1967.

In December 1967, he arrived in the Republic of Vietnam, where he was assigned duty as a platoon commander of "Team Box Score", 3rd Force Reconnaissance Company, 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion, 3rd Marine Division. While on patrol  northwest of Đông Hà in Quang Tri Province on 16 February 1968, his unit was engaged by People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) soldiers. Wounded in the firefight, Lt. Graves called in air strikes and direct artillery fire while he guided his troops to a helicopter evacuation zone. After successfully guiding the majority of his men to the landing zone, he stayed behind to tend to one wounded soldier, calling for an additional air evacuation to remove the wounded soldier from the area. Short on ammunition and continuing to direct artillery fire, he was killed in action when the second helicopter he had boarded crashed after being hit by PAVN fire.

Military awards
Graves's military decorations and awards include:

Medal of Honor citation

The President of the United States in the name of United States Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to

for service as set forth in the following

CITATION:

"For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as a platoon commander with the 3rd Force Reconnaissance Company. While on a long-range reconnaissance mission, 2d Lt. Graves' eight-man patrol observed seven enemy soldiers approaching their position. Reacting instantly, he deployed his men and directed their fire on the approaching enemy. After the fire had ceased, he and two patrol members commenced a search of the area, and suddenly came under a heavy volume of hostile small arms and automatic weapons fire from a numerically superior enemy force. When one of his men was hit by the enemy fire, 2d Lt. Graves moved through the fire-swept area to his radio and, while directing suppressive fire from his men, requested air support and adjusted a heavy volume of artillery and helicopter gunship fire upon the enemy. After attending the wounded, 2d Lt. Graves, accompanied by another Marine, moved from his relatively safe position to confirm the results of the earlier engagement. Observing that several of the enemy were still alive, he launched a determined assault, eliminating the remaining enemy troops. He then began moving the patrol to a landing zone for extraction, when the unit again came under intense fire which wounded two more Marines and 2d Lt. Graves. Refusing medical attention, he once more adjusted air strikes and artillery fire upon the enemy while directing the fire of his men. He led his men to a new landing site into which he skillfully guided the incoming aircraft and boarded his men while remaining exposed to the hostile fire. Realizing that one of the wounded had not embarked, he directed the aircraft to depart and, along with another Marine, moved to the side of the casualty. Confronted with a shortage of ammunition, 2d Lt. Graves utilized supporting arms and directed fire until a second helicopter arrived. At this point, the volume of enemy fire intensified, hitting the helicopter and causing it to crash shortly after liftoff. All aboard were killed. 2d Lt. Graves' outstanding courage, superb leadership and indomitable fighting spirit throughout the day were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Navy. He gallantly gave his life for his country."

Other honors and recognition
In 2001, a memorial honoring Graves was dedicated on Main Street in the village of Groton, Tompkins County, New York.
Graves' name is inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall) — on Panel 39E – Row 071.
Graves Hall, Officer Barracks, The Basic School, Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, is named in honor of Terrence Graves

Graves Lounge, Millett Hall, Miami University, is named in honor of 2ndLt Graves.  His medal of honor and citation are on display there.
Lt. Terrance C. Graves Marine Corps League Detachment # 1330, Butler County Ohio is named in honor of 2ndLt Graves
The Honor Graduate from the Marine Corps' Ground Intelligence Officer Course is presented with the Terrence C. Graves Award.
Name enshrined at the Pentagon's "Hall of Heroes" 2nd. Fl.; Corridor 10, left at the ramps.

See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

Notes

References

Further reading

 John R. Cronin, The Bleed: With the Marines in Vietnam and the RLI and Selous Scouts in Rhodesia, (2012: available at Amazon as a Kindle eBook or in paperback);

External links
  Contains archive of all Medal of Honor citations.

1945 births
1968 deaths
20th-century Methodists
Methodists from New York (state)
Burials in New York (state)
Miami University alumni
Military personnel from New York (state)
People from Corpus Christi, Texas
People from Edmeston, New York
People from Groton, New York
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
United States Marine Corps officers
Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor
United States Marine Corps personnel killed in the Vietnam War

Terrence C. Graves


George William Fowler (February 24, 1859 – September 2, 1924) was a lawyer and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented King's County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1895 to 1899 and King's then King's and Albert in the House of Commons of Canada from 1900 to 1908 and 1911 to 1917 as a Conservative member. Fowler went on to represent Kings and Albert division in the Senate of Canada from 1917 to 1924.

He was born in Hammond Vale, New Brunswick and was educated in Saint John, at Dalhousie University and at Boston University. Fowler was admitted to the New Brunswick bar in 1884. He served on the council for King's County from 1886 to 1890 and served as warden in 1889. Fowler was Grand Master for the Orange Lodge in New Brunswick from 1890 to 1893.

After the Conservatives were accused in the House of improprieties by a Liberal member, Fowler responded:
I shall allow no man to make an attack on me or my character without retorting. I shall discuss the character of honourable Members opposite, whether they be ministers or private members, and their connection with women, wine and graft.

He was defeated in a bid for reelection to the federal seat in 1908. Fowler was a lieutenant-colonel in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. He died in office in 1924.

Family
Fowler's wife, Ethyl Georgina Fowler, died in 1936.  They had three children: Gladys Winifred Fowler died at age 18 in London, England, in 1917 of a variety of ailments including heart problems, Cedric Weeden Fowler born 1905, and Eric Fowler died at age 30. It was discovered in 2009 that the casket containing Gladys's remains had never been buried. It had been crated for shipping, but the crate had remained at Kensal Green Cemetery in London. She was buried on November 15, 2009.

References

External links

The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1897 JA Gemmill

1859 births
1924 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Canadian senators from New Brunswick
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs
Canadian Expeditionary Force officers

George William Fowler


Corana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about  southwest of Milan and about  southwest of Pavia.

Corana borders the following municipalities: Bastida de' Dossi, Cervesina, Pieve Albignola, Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Silvano Pietra, Voghera, Zinasco.

Corana was the site of a royal estate in the 12th century, according to the Indiculus curiarum.

References

Cities and towns in Lombardy

Corana


Shots in Threequarter Time (, ) is a 1965 crime film directed by Alfred Weidenmann.

Plot
The film begins in Paris. A man, called Bérard, flees from his pursuers with a metal suitcase. He follows the instructions on a walkie-talkie and sits down in a chair. At a certain point he throws the suitcase into the depths. Then he is shot by an undetected sniper. Thus begins the story to a strictly guarded NATO controller for missiles - the so-called B 501 - which was stolen and device in this way in enemy hands. There is just this one model, and in the Paris command post of NATO prevails frenzy. The commanding officer, Colonel, gets eight days in which to recover the device. Hence he places his best man, secret agent Philippe Tissot, in this case on. Tissot is to remain undetected necessarily in this secret mission and therefore operated under the code name "Caesar". He quickly takes to track down the missing device.

This trail leads to Vienna. Tissot takes the night train and met there already some obscure figures who behave suspiciously abundant and strange. In the Austrian capital arrived, Tissot moves into the "Palladium", a variety theatre with a very dubious reputation. This establishment is considered as a transit point for stolen goods and secret as not dangerous playground for enemy agents and assassins. Behind the scenes of this only seemingly harmless amusement facility eventually all the threads together, murders are prepared and exchanged information. Soon Tissot gets into great danger, and there are the first bodies. Another trail leads him to a waxworks. In an exciting chase through Vienna Tissot can finally bring the control unit back in.

Cast
Pierre Brice as Philippe Tissot
Heinz Drache	 as Pierre Gilbert
Daliah Lavi	 as Irina Badoni
Jana Brejchová	 as Violetta
Charles Régnier	 as Henry
Walter Giller	 as Renato Balli
Terence Hill	 as Enrico (credited as Mario Girotti)
Gustav Knuth	 as Igor
Anton Diffring	 as Burger
Senta Berger	 as Captain Jenny
Paola Pitagora as Claudette
Daniël Sola	 as Joscha
Walter Regelsberger	 as Gorba
Hans Unterkircher	 as Bernard
Karl Zarda	 as Ledin
Erica Vaal	 as Jeanette

External links

1965 films
1960s crime thriller films
1960s spy thriller films
Austrian crime thriller films
German crime thriller films
German spy thriller films
West German films
Italian crime thriller films
1960s German-language films
Films directed by Alfred Weidenmann
Films set in Vienna
1960s Italian films
1960s German films

Shots in Threequarter Time