Froideville is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

History
Froideville is first mentioned in 1284 as Frigida Villa.

Geography

Froideville has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 38.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 51.3% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 10.3% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%.  Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests.  Of the agricultural land, 27.5% is used for growing crops and 10.0% is pastures.

The municipality was part of the Echallens District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Froideville became part of the new district of Gros-de-Vaud.

The municipality is located in the Jorat range.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess: 1. Azure a Cross Pattee Or; 2. Gules, a plough Argent.

Demographics
Froideville has a population () of .  , 9.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 16.7%.  It has changed at a rate of 11.1% due to migration and at a rate of 5.7% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (1,326 or 91.3%), with German being second most common (77 or 5.3%) and Italian being third (13 or 0.9%).

Of the population in the municipality 281 or about 19.3% were born in Froideville and lived there in 2000.  There were 703 or 48.4% who were born in the same canton, while 233 or 16.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 181 or 12.5% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 15 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 6 deaths of Swiss citizens.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 9 while the foreign population increased by 1.  There were 3 Swiss men and 7 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 3 non-Swiss men and 5 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 39 and the non-Swiss population increased by 7 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 2.9%.

The age distribution, , in Froideville is; 228 children or 13.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 236 teenagers or 13.7% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 171 people or 9.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  241 people or 14.0% are between 30 and 39, 291 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 256 people or 14.8% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 192 people or 11.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 82 people or 4.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 25 people or 1.4% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 5 people or 0.3% who are 90 and older.

, there were 604 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 718 married individuals, 48 widows or widowers and 83 individuals who are divorced.

 the average number of residents per living room was 0.6 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room.  In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least  as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics.  About 65.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 551 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household.  There were 117 households that consist of only one person and 42 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 561 households that answered this question, 20.9% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 172 married couples without children, 220 married couples with children  There were 32 single parents with a child or children.  There were 9 households that were made up of unrelated people and 10 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 316 single family homes (or 75.8% of the total) out of a total of 417 inhabited buildings.  There were 61 multi-family buildings (14.6%), along with 31 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (7.4%) and 9 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (2.2%).  Of the single family homes 21 were built before 1919, while 39 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The greatest number of single family homes (108) were built between 1971 and 1980.  The most multi-family homes (23) were built between 1971 and 1980 and the next most (12) were built before 1919.  There were 2 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.

 there were 574 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 171.  There were 12 single room apartments and 226 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 534 apartments (93.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 28 apartments (4.9%) were seasonally occupied and 12 apartments (2.1%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.9 new units per 1000 residents.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.47%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Twin Town
Froideville is twinned with the town of La Pacaudière, France.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 28.52% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the SP (18.8%), the FDP (14.25%) and the Green Party (10.84%).  In the federal election, a total of 545 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.5%.

Economy
, Froideville had an unemployment rate of 2.7%.  , there were 17 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector.  51 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 17 businesses in this sector.  113 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 37 businesses in this sector.  There were 773 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.3% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 131.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, all of which were in agriculture.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 39 of which 20 or (51.3%) were in manufacturing and 20 (51.3%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 78.  In the tertiary sector; 18 or 23.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 5.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 6 or 7.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 5.1% were in the information industry, 8 or 10.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 20 or 25.6% were in education and 3 or 3.8% were in health care.

, there were 49 workers who commuted into the municipality and 621 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 12.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  Of the working population, 8.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 75.8% used a private car.

Religion
From the , 373 or 25.7% were Roman Catholic, while 795 or 54.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.21% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.14% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 50 individuals (or about 3.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 2 (or about 0.14% of the population) who were Islamic.  There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist, 2 individuals who were Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church.  169 (or about 11.63% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 71 individuals (or about 4.89% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Froideville about 599 or (41.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 209 or (14.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 209 who completed tertiary schooling, 61.7% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women, 6.7% were non-Swiss men and 4.3% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 243 students in the Froideville school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.  During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 296 children of which 96 children (32.4%) received subsidized pre-school care.  The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years.  There were 130 students in the municipal primary school program.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 111 students in those schools.  There were also 2 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

, there were 140 students from Froideville who attended schools outside the municipality.

References

Municipalities of the canton of Vaud

Froideville, Switzerland


Two Shadows  is a narrative drama film released in 2012.  The film won the Audience Award, Cinematography Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Award at the 2012 Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival.  It is one of the first films to focus on Cambodian immigrants in the United States seeking surviving family connections in Cambodia since the fall of 1970s communist party, the Khmer Rouge.  The film is the second collaboration between director Gregory Cahill and actress Sophea Pel, following the 2006 short film The Golden Voice about Cambodian singer Ros Serey Sothear.  The film was shot primarily in Cambodia and also in Los Angeles, California.

Plot
Cambodian-American hipster wannabe Sovanna opens a cryptic letter from Cambodia claiming that her long-lost brother and sister are still alive.  She travels to her birthplace alone to seek out her two siblings who disappeared during the civil war 20 years earlier. Upon discovering a girl who may or may not be her real sister, Sovanna is ensnared into an increasingly dangerous situation, pitting her in a tug-of-war between her own personal safety, and her compassion for a stranger.

Accolades

References

External links

2012 films
2012 drama films
Films about Cambodian Americans
Khmer-language films
Films shot in Los Angeles
Cambodian-American culture
2012 multilingual films
Cambodian multilingual films
American multilingual films

Two Shadows


Adelaide.

Kişiler
 Adelaide of Italy (d. 999), Saint Adelaide, wife of Otto the Great
 Adelaide of Aquitaine (d. 1004)
 Adelaide of Susa (d. 1091)
 Adelaide del Vasto (d. 1118)
 Adélaide de Maurienne (1092–1154)
 Adelaide of Holland (1230–1284)
 Louise Marie Adelaide Eugènie d'Orléans (1777–1847)
 Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Récamier (1777–1849)
 Adelaide (Saxe-Meiningen) (1792–1849), IV. William'ın eşi olarak Britanya Kraliçesi.
 Adelaide Anne Procter (1825–1864)
 Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1831-1909) Queen Consort of Miguel I of Portugal
 Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (1833–1897)
 Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1835–1900)
 Adelaide Hoodless (1858–1910)
 Marie Adelaide Belloc Lowndes (1868–1947)
 Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1894–1924)
 Archduchess Adelheid of Austria (1914–1971)

Yerleşim yerleri

 Adelaide, Güney Avustralya (South Australia)
 Adelaide city centre
 City of Adelaide, the South Australian local government area covering the city centre, North Adelaide and the parklands
 Division of Adelaide, electorate in federal parliament of Australia
 Electoral district of Adelaide, electorate in state parliament of South Australia
 Adelaide Airport
 Adelaide Railway Station
 Ve benzeri bkn.
 Adelaide, Eastern Cape, South Africa
 Adelaide Township, Bowman County, North Dakota, United States
 Adelaide, Ontario, Canada
 Adelaide Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada
 Adelaide River in Northern Territory, Australia
 Adelaide River, Northern Territory, a town next to the river
 Adelaide railway station (Northern Ireland)
 Adelaide Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Gemiler
 Adelaide class frigate, class of Australian naval vessel
 HMAS Adelaide, one of several Australian naval vessels

Müzik
 Adelaide (Beethoven), a song for solo voice and piano by Ludwig van Beethoven
 Adélaïde Concerto, falsely attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, actually by Marius Casadesus
 "Adelaide", song by Old 97's
 "Adelaide", song by Frank Loesser
 "Adelaide", song by Ben Folds
 "Adelaide", song by Anberlin
 "Adelaide", song by Aquarium
 Adélaïde ou le langage des fleurs, a 1912 ballet version of Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (Ravel)
 Adelaide, opera by the 18th Century composer Nicola Porpora
 Adelaide (opera), by Antonio Sartorio

Diğer
 Bay Adelaide Centre, a tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 Adelaide ötleğeni, bir kuş.

Adelaide (anlam ayrımı)


The Royal Colleges of Surgeons are old colleges (a form of corporation) that make rules for surgeons. The first Royal College of Surgeons started in England. Other Royal Colleges of Surgeons are organisations in many present and former members of the Commonwealth of Nations. These organisations are now also responsible for training surgeons and setting their examinations.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the present-day UK and Ireland.

This qualification allows a candidate to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

The MRCS qualification is a multi-part examination including theory and practical assessments. Part A is a 4-hour written examination which was used to assesses the applied basic sciences and principles of surgery in general. Part B is a 5-hour practical examination which assesses elements of day-to-day surgical practice through a series of stations on anatomy, pathology, critical care, clinical procedures and patient evaluation (history taking, clinical examination and communication skills). Candidates must complete both exams before they can apply for higher surgical training.

References

Surgery
Qualifications
18th-century establishments in Great Britain

Royal Colleges of Surgeons


Clonus is the name for involuntary rhythmic contractions of muscles or muscle groups. The term is from the Greek for "violent, confused motion".  Cloni can happen as a sign of certain neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. They can also be a sign that the spinal cord was damaged. Cloni can also occur as a reaction to certain drugs.

Medical signs
Muscle tissue

Clonus


Frank Fowler (July 12, 1852 – August 18, 1910) was an American figure and portrait painter.

Biography
Frank Fowler was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 12, 1852. He was educated at Adelphi Academy.

He studied painting in Europe, at Florence, Italy for two years under Edwin White, for seven years under Carolus-Duran in Paris, and under Alexandre Cabanel at the École des Beaux-Arts.

Fowler assisted Duran on the fresco of Marie de Médicis in the Luxembourg Palace. On his return to New York in 1879 he devoted himself for a time to mural painting, his most important work being the decoration of the ballroom at the Waldorf Hotel (1892) (The building exists no more, having been destroyed to provide a place where the Empire State Building could be erected). Later he painted chiefly portraits, including a number of public men. Some of his portraits have been kept at Albany, New York and elsewhere.

In the late 1890s, he resided in a home on at #16 The Enclosure, an artists' colony in Nutley, New Jersey. He built a large studio on the back of that house, where he painted. The same studio was later owned by Michael Lenson, a well known New Jersey painter who was director of the mural division of the New Jersey WPA in the 1930s. Earlier, the same home was owned by Frederick Dana Marsh, the illustrator. The house was the childhood home of Reginald Marsh, the distinguished American painter. In 1892, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1900.

He wrote upon art topics for the magazines and several textbooks:  Oil Painting (1885), Portrait and Figure Painting (1901) and Drawing In Charcoal And Crayon (1899).

Fowler died in New Canaan, Connecticut on August 18, 1910.

References

1852 births
1910 deaths
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
Painters from Brooklyn
People from Nutley, New Jersey
American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
Painters from New Jersey
19th-century American male artists
20th-century American male artists

Frank Fowler (artist)


Rhododendron atlanticum, the dwarf azalea or coastal azalea, is a species of Rhododendron native to coastal areas of the eastern United States, from New Jersey south to Georgia.

It is a deciduous shrub  tall, forming a thick understory in forests, spreading by underground stolons. The leaves are 3–5 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, bluish green, and hairless or with scattered glandular hairs. The fragrant flowers are 3–4 cm long, usually white to pink, sometimes with a flush of yellow; they are produced in trusses of 4-10 together.

It is a very tough subject, responding to overgrazing or forest fires by throwing up new shoots the following year.

References

atlanticum
Flora of the Northeastern United States
Flora of the Southeastern United States
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Rhododendron atlanticum


Donald Evans (July 24, 1884 - May 26, 1921) was an American poet, publisher, music critic and journalist.

Biography
Born in Philadelphia, he worked in newspapers from 1904 to 1915. Evans was educated at Haverford College. He married Leah Winslow in 1907, and later divorced her. A second marriage, to Esther Porter, began in 1918. Evans enlisted to fight in World War I in May 1917. He served as a sergeant. Associated with the avant-garde scene of Greenwich Village, his works relate a strong sense of irony as well as his own personal bohemianism, coupled with the deep influence of 1890s aestheticism.

Somewhat comparable to fellow bohemian poet Maxwell Bodenheim, many stories about his bohemian lifestyle circulated. Evans single-handedly founded and managed the Claire Marie press, intending to publish "New Books for Exotic Tastes". He stated its goals as thus, "Claire Marie believes there are in America seven hundred civilized people only. Claire Marie publishes books for civilized people only. Claire Marie's aim, it follows from the premises, is not even secondarily commercial." Evans was an early admirer of Gertrude Stein. He first published her Tender Buttons in 1914. Evans was also close to Wallace Stevens; it is said that the two planned to write a book of one-line poems together.

His works include 1914's  Sonnets from the Patagonian, 1916's Two Deaths in the Bronx and 1919's Ironica. It is suspected that Evans' death in 1921 was a suicide.

Bibliography
Discords (1912)
Sonnets from the Patagonian (1914)
Two Deaths in the Bronx (1916)
Nine Poems From a Valetudinarian (1916)
Ironica (1919)

Notes

References
Cook, Howard Willard. Our Poets of Today. Moffat, Yard & Company, 1918.

External links

 Poems by Donald Evans at Poetry Archive

1884 births
1921 deaths
20th-century American poets
1921 suicides

Donald Evans (American poet)


Scott Walker: 30 Century Man is a 2006 documentary film about Scott Walker. The film gets its title from the Scott 3 song "30 Century Man". It is directed and co-produced by Stephen Kijak, with Grant Gee serving as director of photography. It charts Walker's career in music, with a focus on his songwriting, and features exclusive footage of recording sessions for his most recent album, The Drift including a memorable sequence in which Walker oversees the recording of the punching of a joint of pork, for the percussion on the song Clara.  Rock legend David Bowie, who often professed to having been inspired by Walker, acted as executive producer of the film. Actor Gale Harold is one of the associate producers.

The film received its world premiere at the London Film Festival on 31 October 2006 and debuted internationally at the 2007 Berlin International Film Festival in the Panorama.  It was released later in 2007 in cinemas and on DVD in the UK by Verve Pictures and went on to become one of the most critically acclaimed documentaries released there that year. It had its US premiere at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Festival in March 2007.  Other film festivals that have screened the film include the Sydney Film Festival, Tribeca Film Festival, HotDocs, Melbourne International Film Festival, Viennale, Seattle International Film Festival, and the Hong Kong International Film Festival.

In addition to Walker himself, interviewees in the film include David Bowie, Radiohead, Jarvis Cocker, Brian Eno, Damon Albarn, Marc Almond, Alison Goldfrapp, Sting, Dot Allison, Simon Raymonde, Richard Hawley, Rob Ellis, Cathal Coughlan, Johnny Marr, Gavin Friday, Lulu, Peter Olliff, Angela Morley (arranger of Walker's sixties' recordings as Wally Stott), Ute Lemper, Ed Bicknell, Evan Parker, Hector Zazou, Mo Foster, Phil Sheppard, and Peter Walsh.

The film is produced by Oscar-winning producer Mia Bays, marking her debut in documentary and feature film production. She was nominated for a 2008 BAFTA award (The Carl Foreman Award for Special Achievement by a British Writer, Director or Producer in Their First Feature Film) for her work on the film.

An edited version of the film was used for the BBC series Imagine. It was introduced by Alan Yentob.

In early 2008 Madman Films released the film on DVD in Australia and Avalon films released the film on DVD in Spain. Oscilloscope Laboratories, a distribution company founded by Adam Yauch of Beastie Boys, acquired the distribution rights in North America after the film's US release was delayed. It began another critically acclaimed theatrical run, this time in select US cities, and was released on DVD in North America in Summer 2009.

Soundtrack

Music Inspired by the Film Scott Walker: 30 Century Man was released on 26 May 2009 to promote the US release of the film. Instead of a compilation of Walker's material the album was conceived as a tribute album. The album was released on Lakeshore Records

References

External links
30 Century Man – the filmmakers' blog
Scott Walker: 30 Century Man (full video) on Topic.com
Scott Walker: 30 Century Man EPK for 4AD – Scenes from the documentary

Missing In Action Films Ltd – production company
Verve Pictures – UK distributor
Moviehouse Entertainment – international distributor
club.kingsnake.com: Review of Scott Walker: 30 Century Man; interview with Stephen Kijak
Empire Magazine: review
Time Out London: review
Sight & Sound: review
Kevchino Interview with Stephen Kijak on Scott Walker: 30 Century Man

2006 films
British musical documentary films
American musical documentary films
Films directed by Stephen Kijak
Scott Walker (singer)
2000s English-language films
2000s British films

Scott Walker: 30 Century Man


Honduran cuisine is a fusion of Mesoamerican, Spanish, Caribbean and African cuisines. There are also dishes from the Garifuna people. Coconut and coconut milk are featured in both sweet and savory dishes. Regional specialties include sopa de caracol, fried fish, tamales, carne asada and baleadas. Other popular dishes include meat roasted with chismol and carne asada, chicken with rice and corn, and fried fish with pickled onions and jalapeños. In the coastal areas and the Bay Islands, seafood and some meats are prepared in many ways, including with coconut milk.
Among the soups the Hondurans enjoy are bean soup, mondongo soup (tripe soup), seafood soups and beef soups. Generally all of these soups are mixed with plantains, yuca, and cabbage, and served with corn tortillas.

Other typical dishes are montucas or corn tamales, stuffed tortillas, and tamales wrapped in plantain leaves. Typical Honduran dishes also include an abundant selection of tropical fruits such as papaya, pineapple, plum, sapote, passion fruit, and bananas, which are prepared in many ways while they are still green.

Common beverages for dinner or lunch include soft drinks. Another popular drink is agua de nance and horchata. A popular bottled soft drink is banana-flavored Tropical Banana.

Breakfast
Hondurans usually have a large, hearty breakfast. It typically consists of fried eggs (whole or scrambled), refried beans, Honduran salty sour cream (crema), queso fresco, avocado, sweet fried plantains, and tortillas. It is common for most households to first prepare tortillas, a staple for nearly every dish, which are used throughout the rest of the day.

Other breakfast favorites include carne asada (roasted meat) and Honduran spicy sausages (chorizo). A good breakfast will be accompanied with hot, dark—in this case Honduran-grown—coffee. Honduran coffee is renowned for its delicate qualities, being grown on the slopes of the Honduran mountains in rich soils of volcanic origin. A specific brand famous for its flavor comes from the Honduran region of Marcala; others are the Copán coffee and the coffee grown in Ocotepeque.

Street vendors often sell breakfast baleadas made of flour tortillas, refried beans, and crema or queso fresco. Additional toppings include eggs, meat, and even pickled onions. Vendors sell small tamales made of sweet yellow corn dough, called tamalitos de elote, eaten with sour cream; fresh horchata and pozole is also common.

Another food that can be eaten for breakfast as a dessert is rosquillas. Rosquillas can be considered as a Honduran doughnut and are made from corn (masa, cheese and yeast).

Sopa de caracol

Sopa de caracol (conch soup) is one of the most representative dishes of the Honduran cuisine. This soup was made famous throughout Latin America because of a catchy song from Banda Blanca called "Sopa de Caracol." The conch is cooked in coconut milk and the conch's broth, with spices, yuca (cassava), cilantro, and green bananas known as guineo verde. Other varieties including crab, fish or shrimp are known as sopa marinera.

Sopa de frijoles
This traditional soup is made by boiling black or red beans with garlic in water until soft. Once they are soft, the beans are blended, and added to a pot filled with water and with pork bones to serve as the base of the soup. Once the soup base has taken a chocolate color and has boiled enough, the bones are removed, and water is added to the pot, along with the rest of the ingredients, which may include yuca, green plantains, eggs, and many other ingredients. The soup is served with rice and tortillas, and may be accompanied with sour cream, smoked dry cheese, avocados and lemons.

Carneada

Carneada is considered one of Honduras' national dishes, known as plato típico when served in Honduran restaurants. While it is a type of dish, a carneada or carne asada, like its Mexican counterpart, is usually more of a social event with drinks and music centered on a feast of barbecued meat. The cuts of beef are usually marinated in sour orange juice, salt, pepper and spices, and then grilled.

The meat is usually accompanied by chimol salsa (made of chopped tomatoes, onion and cilantro with lemon and spices), roasted plátanos (sweet plantains), spicy chorizos, olanchano cheese, tortillas, and refried mashed beans.

Rice and beans

Rice and beans is a popular side dish in the Honduran Caribbean coast. It is often called casamiento as in El Salvador. The most common beans used in Honduras are red beans (frijoles cheles). Typically in Honduras beans are refried and served with green fried bananas (tajadas).

Fried Yojoa fish

Fried Yojoa fish often has a more savory flavor compared to other types of fish served in the region. Yojoa fish is salted, spiced, and later deep-fried. It is frequently served with pickled red cabbage, pickled onions, and deep-fried sliced plantains (tajaditas).

Baleada

The baleada is one of the most common street foods in Honduras. The basic style is a flour tortilla, folded and filled with refried beans and queso fresco or sour cream (crema). Roasted meat, avocado, plantains or scrambled eggs may be added. Honduran fast-food chains serve different kinds of baleadas.

Corn tortillas

Corn, or maíz, is a staple in Honduran cuisine. Eating corn comes to Hondurans as an inheritance from the Maya-Lenca people; the Maya believed corn to be sacred, and that the father gods created men from it.

Some tortilla-based dishes include tacos fritos, in which tortillas are filled in with ground meat or chicken and rolled into a flute. The rolled tacos are then deep-fried and served with raw cabbage, hot tomato sauce, cheese and sour cream as toppings.

Catrachitas are a common simple snack, made of deep-fried tortilla chips covered with mashed refried beans, cheese. A variant of this snack are chilindrinas, deep-fried tortilla strips with hot tomato sauce and cheese. It is common in Honduran restaurants to serve an anafre, a clay pot with melting cheese or sour cream, mashed beans and sometimes chopped chorizo heated on top of a clay container with burning charcoal, with fried tortilla chips for dipping.

Enchiladas: the whole tortilla is deep fried and served with a variety of toppings. First ground pork meat is placed, next raw chopped cabbage or lettuce, then hot tomato sauce, and a slice of boiled egg.

Tortilla con quesillo: two tortillas with quesillo (a lightly salted cheese that can easily melt), in between and then pan fried; served with a tomato sauce. Mashed beans are sometimes also added as a filling with the cheese. Chismol is sometimes on top.

Condiments
Encurtido is used as an appetizer, side dish and condiment, and is a common dish in Honduran cuisine.

Tegucigalpan cuisine
This refers to the cuisine and restaurants of the city of Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Rice, beans, and tortillas are a staple of the Honduran diet, and some would argue there is little difference in quality between the streetside vendors and top restaurants. The city, like in most other places in Honduras, offers a wide variety of cuisines from not only Honduras but also Asia, India, the Middle East, and other regions. Tegucigalpa offers everything from street food to gourmet food in five-star restaurants with a candlelit ambiance. However, according to Frommer's, "Tegucigalpa's dining scene is considerably more varied when compared to the rest of the country, but lacks the quality and depth of other Latin American cities."

See also

References

 Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: [Four Volumes] - Ken Albala - Google Books
 Latino Food Culture - Zilkia Janer - Google Books

External links

Central American cuisine
Latin American cuisine
Mesoamerican cuisine

Honduran cuisine


Researches on Manchu Origins, also known as  Manzhou Yuanliu Kao, is an important history book published by the Qing dynasty government in 1777. The Qianlong Emperor sponsored its compilation with the goal of legitimizing Qing rule, as well as identifying the Qing as a successor to the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). The Manzhou Yuanliu Kao also bolstered Qianlong's conception of the Manchu people as a wu, or martial race.

It consists of 4 parts: Manchu tribes, territory, topography (mountains and rivers), and culture. Pamela Kyle Crossley analyses it as the apex of the Qing dynasty's attempt at "documentary institutionalisation" of Manchu heritage and from it, Manchu ethnic identity. Researches on Manchu Origins contained a list of corrections of transcribed Jurchen language words found in the History of Jin in Chapter 135, using the Manchu language to correct them, in Chapter 18.

Contents
Manzhou Yuanliu Kao was compiled from the perspective of the Manchu ruling class, breaking away from the historical record of librarians by the Han-centric view. It is a document that shows the ethnicity that they have had since ancient times, from the Jurchen tribes to the Manchu tribes. The lineages of Jurchens and Manchus are continued in Buyeo, Goryeo, Samhan, Baekje, Silla, Sushen, Balhae, and Jurchen by era.

References

External links
 Full text on WikiSource

18th-century history books
History of Manchu
Manchu culture
Manchu literature
Qing dynasty literature
Qianlong Emperor
Manchu studies

Researches on Manchu Origins


Paul Helm is a Reformed British philosopher and theologian. Helm was born in 1940.  He taught at Regent College, having served as the first incumbent of the J.I. Packer Chair of Theology there from 2001 to 2005. He also served as Professor of Theology at Highland Theological College, Scotland, from 2007 to 2010.

Education
Helm was educated (BA, MA) at Worcester College, Oxford, and began his teaching career at the University of Liverpool, where he rose from Lecturer to Senior Lecturer to Reader in Philosophy (1964–93). He was subsequently appointed as Professor of the History and Philosophy of Religion at King's College London (1993–2000).

Writings
His voluminous writings range over philosophy of religion, philosophical theology, historical theology and apologetics. The bulk of his work, however, has been on the doctrine of God (Eternal God, Clarendon, 1988; The Providence of God, IVP, 1993), religious belief (Belief Policies, Cambridge, 1994; Faith and Understanding, Eerdmans, 1997; Faith with Reason, Oxford, 2000), and the thought of John Calvin (Calvin and the Calvinists, Banner of Truth, 1982; John Calvin's Ideas, Oxford, 2004; Calvin: A Guide for the Perplexed, T & T Clark, 2008; Calvin at the Centre, Oxford, 2010). Helm has debated Christian apologist William Lane Craig on Calvinism and Molinism.

Among his smaller works is The Callings: The Gospel in the World, Banner of Truth, 1987, which shows that instead of dividing life into 'spiritual' and 'secular' compartments every moment of it can be lived fully to the glory of God.

References

Living people
British Christian theologians
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Academics of King's College London
20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Calvinist and Reformed philosophers
Christian apologists
English Calvinist and Reformed theologians
English male non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Paul Helm


Swinburne, Smith and Company was a railroad locomotive manufacturing company of the mid-19th century.  The company was founded in 1845, in Paterson, New Jersey, by a partnership between William Swinburne and Samuel Smith. Swinburne had been a pattern maker for Rogers, Ketchum and Grosvenor of Paterson, who worked his way up to become shop foreman. Smith was foreman moulder at Rogers.

The company's first major client was the Erie Railway. Other customers included the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and the Chicago and Alton Railroad.

Swinburne remained in business for only a decade, failing with the Panic of 1857.  Afterwards, the firm reorganized, with James Jackson joining the partnership, and became the	New Jersey Locomotive and Machine Company. John Brandt was the superintendent and principal design engineer. Among the engines produced by the firm is the William Crooks of the Great Northern Railway, which is the sole surviving engine built by the firm.

In 1863 the company experienced financial difficulties. Banker David B. Grant took control of the company and changed its name to Grant Locomotive Works.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 1845
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1863
American companies established in 1845
American companies disestablished in 1863
Defunct companies based in New Jersey
Economy of Paterson, New Jersey
History of Paterson, New Jersey
Defunct locomotive manufacturers of the United States
Transportation in Paterson, New Jersey
1845 establishments in New Jersey
1863 disestablishments in New Jersey

Swinburne, Smith and Company


Châu Thành A is a rural district (huyện) of Hậu Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. In the wake of Government Decree 64/2000/ND-CP on November 6, 2000, Châu Thành A district, formerly of Cần Thơ, was reestablished by removing 22.139 km2 of land and 163,357 people from Châu Thành. At the time, Châu Thành A had eight administrative units, being Tân Thuận, Thạnh Xuân, Tân Hoà, Trường Long, Nhơn Ái, Nhơn Nghĩa, Trường Long Tây and Tân Phú Thạnh.

By Government Decree No. 05/2004/ND-CP dated January 2, 2004, Châu Thành A district acquired 5.31 km2 and 6,339 people from neighbouring Tân Phú Thạnh district to form the newly created Cái Răng, Nhơn Ái, Nhơn Nghĩa and Trường Long communes.

Divisions
The district is divided into 8 communes:

Tân Thuận, Thạnh Xuân, Tân Hoà, Trường Long, Nhơn Ái, Nhơn Nghĩa, Trường Long Tây and Tân Phú Thạnh.

Districts of Hậu Giang province

Châu Thành A district


iOS 15 is the fifteenth major release of the iOS mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPhone and iPod Touch lines of products. It was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 7, 2021, as the successor to iOS 14, and released to the public on September 20, 2021.

On June 6, 2022, at WWDC 2022, its successor, iOS 16, was announced. iOS 15 was officially succeeded by iOS 16 on September 12, 2022.

References

15
Operating systems

IOS 15


Thekla Simona Gelsomina Reuten (born 16 September 1975) is a Dutch actress.

Life and career
Reuten was born in Bussum, Netherlands, the daughter of a Dutch father, Joost Reuten, and an Italian mother, who was born in Benabbio near Bagni di Lucca. She studied acting at the Amsterdamse Hogeschool voor de Kunsten in Amsterdam. During the last year of her studies, she assumed leading roles in Dutch film and theatre productions. Early in her career, she won the "Shooting Star Award" of the Berlinale (Berlin Film Festival) for her portrayal of Lotte in the film Twin Sisters, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Subsequent roles included In Bruges with Colin Farrell, Hotel Lux with Bully Herbig, and The American alongside George Clooney, as well as the political thriller . Other films include De Trip van Teetje (Tate's Voyage), Kruimeltje (Little Crumb), Rosenstraße, Una Bellezza Che Non Lascia Scampo ("An Inescapable Beauty"), and Iedereen beroemd! (Everybody's Famous!), which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Reuten's television work includes  Hidden (BBC, United Kingdom), Restless (BBC, United Kingdom), and Sleeper Cell (Showtime, USA). She has performed in Johan Simons' production Fall of the Gods at the Salzburg Festival and the Ruhr Triennial, as well as in Rufus Norris' Blood Wedding at the Almeida Theatre in London, alongside Gael Garcia Bernal.

Reuten speaks five languages: German, English, French, Dutch, and Italian.

On 18 March 2019, it was announced that Reuten was cast as Jillian Salvius in the Netflix fantasy series, Warrior Nun.

Filmography

 1996: Verhalen uit de bijbel, 'de man op de ezel''' (Director: Rein van Schagen)
 1997: Arends (Director: Jelle Nesna)
 1998: Baantjer, episode De Cock en de moord op de heks (Director: Pollo de Pimentel)
 1998: Tate's Voyage (Director: Paula van der Oest)
 1998: Het 14e kippetje (Director: Hany Abu-Assad)
 1998: Wij, Alexander (Director: Rimko Haanstra)
 1999: De rode zwaan (Director: Martin Lagestee)
 1999: Klokhuis (Director: Niek Barendsen and Barbera Bredero)
 1999: Kruimeltje (Director: Maria Peters)
 1999: Moët und Chandon (Director: Marc de Cloe)
 2000: Iedereen beroemd! (Director: Dominique Deruddere)
 2000: De zwarte Meteoor (Director: Guido Pieters)
 2001: Chalk (Director: Diederik van Rooijen)
 2001: De Acteurs (Director: Bram van Splunteren)
 2001: Una bellezza che non lascia scampo (Director: Francesca Pirani)
 2002: Bella Bettien (Director: Hans Pos)
 2002: Twin Sisters (De Tweeling) (Director: Ben Sombogaart)
 2002: Spagaat (Director: Hans Pos)
 2003: Brush with Fate (Director: Brent Shields)
 2003: Mijn zusje Zlata (Director: Roel Welling)
 2003: Parels & Zwijnen (Director: Diederik van Rooijen)
 2003: Rosenstraße (Rosenstrasse) (Director: Margarethe von Trotta)
 2004: Co/Ma (Director: Roel Welling)
 2004: De Band (Director: Albert Jan van Rees)
 2004: De duistere diamant  (Director: Rudi van den Bossche)
 2005: Not She - Film Installation (Director: Ine Lamers)
 2005: Smachten - Boy meets Girl Stories (Director: Mark de Cloe)
 2006: Boks, 'De verdwenen Van Gogh' (Director: Hans Pos)
 2006: Ober (Director: Alex van Warmerdam)
 2006: Sleeper Cell, II. Season (Director: Charles S. Dutton, Leslie Libman, Nick Gomez)
 2007: Highlander: The Source (Director: Brett Leonard)
 2008: In Bruges (Director: Martin McDonagh)
 2008: In Transit (Director: Tom Roberts)
 2008: Lost - IV. Season (Director: Jack Bender)
 2008: The Silent Army (Director: Jean van de Velde)
 2009:  (Director: Lancelot von Naso)
 2010: Day One (Director: Alex Graves)
 2010: The American (Director: Anton Corbijn)
 2011: Hotel Lux (Director: Leander Haußmann)
 2012: Hidden (Director: Niall MacCormick)
 2012: Restless (Director: Edward Hall)
 2013:	 (Director: Holger Haase)
 2013:	Speelmann (Director: Klaartje Quirijns)
 2013:	Het Diner (Director: Menno Meyjes)
 2015:	Atlantic. (Director: Jan-Willem van Ewijk)
 2015:	De Reünie (Director: Menno Meyjes)
 2015:	Home Suite Home (Director: Jeroen Houben) (short film)
 2015:	L'Angelo di Sarajevo (Director: Enzo Monteleone)
 2015:	Schone Handen  (Director: Tjebbo Penning)
 2015:	The Legend of Longwood (Director: Lisa Mulcahy)
 2017: Stan Lee's Lucky Man 2018: Red Sparrow 2020: Marionette (Director: Elbert van Strien)
 2020: Warrior Nun 2022: Narcosis 2024: Citadel: DianaTheater (selection)
 1997: Susn by Herbert Achternbusch as 'Suus' at Brakke Grond Atsterdat, Festival aan zee Oostende and Theater Kikker Utrecht (Director: Jeroen Wilems)
 1998: The Comedy of Seduction by Arthur Schnitzler as 'Gilda' at Het Nationale Toneel (Director: Ger Thijs)
 1999: The Dresser by Ronald Harwood as 'Irene' at Hummelinck Stuurman (Director: Tom Jansen)
 1999: Fall of the Gods by Luchino Visconti and Tom Blokdijk as 'Bediende', 'Lisa' and 'Dirndl' at Hollandia and zu den Salzburger Festspiele and zur Ruhr Triennale (Director: Johan Simons and Paul Koek)
 2001: The House of Bernarda Alba by Federico García Lorca as 'Adela' at Het Nationale Toneel (Director: Johan Doesburg)
 2004: Braatbos by Willem Jan Otten as 'Nana' at Het Toneel Speelt (Director: Willem van de Sande Bakhuyzen)
 2005: Blood Wedding by Federico García Lorca as 'Braut' at Almeida Theater (Director: Rufus Norris)

Voice-over (dubbing)
 2004: Shark Tale (Dutch Voice-Over of Angie) (Director: Kellie Allred)
 2007: Bee Movie (Dutch Voice-Over of Vanessa Bloome) (Director: Steve Hickner, Simon J. Smith)
 2014:	How to Train Your Dragon (Dutch Voice-Over 'Valka') (Director: Dean DeBlois)

Awards (selection)
1997: Encouragement Award at Belgian Theatre Festival 'Theater aan Zee' for Susn1997: Philip Morris Scholarship (Nomination) for Susn1998: Golden Calf Award (Nomination) for Best Actress in De Trip van het Teetje1998: NOS Culture Award (Nomination) for Best Actress
2004: European Shooting Star of the Berlinale  for outstanding performance in Twin Sisters2009: Rembrandt Award (Nomination) for Best Actress  in The Silent Army''

References

External links

New York Times filmography of Thekla Reuten
Thekla Reuten at Virtual History

1975 births
Living people
People from Bussum
Dutch film actresses
Dutch television actresses
Dutch stage actresses
Dutch people of Italian descent
People of Tuscan descent
Golden Calf winners
20th-century Dutch actresses
21st-century Dutch actresses

Thekla Reuten


In personam is a Latin phrase meaning "against a particular person". In a lawsuit in which the case is against a specific individual, that person must be served with a summons and complaint (in England & Wales known as Particulars of Claim (CPR 1999)) to give the court jurisdiction to try the case, and the judgment applies to that person and is called an "in personam judgment".

In personam is distinguished from in rem, which applies to property or "all the world" instead of a specific person. This technical distinction is important to determine where to file a lawsuit and how to serve a defendant. In personam means that a judgment can be enforceable against the person wherever he/she is. On the other hand, if the lawsuit is to determine title to property (in rem) then the action must be filed where the property exists and is only enforceable there.

See also
Personal jurisdiction
quasi in rem
in rem
sui iuris
Prerogative legislation

References

Latin legal terminology
Civil procedure

In personam


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a larger effect more than the disease itself. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread around the globe, many people have begun to think about the economic effects such as the decreased business and unemployment. The pandemic caused the largest global recession in history, with more than a third of the global population at the time being placed on lockdown.

Shortages
Supply shortages were expected to affect a number of sectors due to panic buying, increased usage of goods to during the pandemic, and people raising up prices on needed products such as masks, toilet paper, plastic gloves and hand sanitizer. Reports of lack of food or groceries were said. The pandemic also caused many social events to be pushed back such as concert delays and movie release dates. Many movie theaters are being put out of business.

There was an increase in gleaning, meaning people going to farms to pick up food plants left over on the ground after a harvest.  Because restaurants and other food businesses canceled their orders, farmers had more extra crops than usual.  People formed new organizations to find farmers with extra food, organize people to collect it, and transport it to food banks and other places where people could get to it.

Stock markets

Global stock markets fell on 24 February 2020 due to a significant rise in the number of COVID-19 cases outside mainland China. By 28 February 2020, stock markets worldwide saw their largest single-week declines since the 2008 financial crisis. Global stock markets crashed in March 2020.

Businesses
It is likely that business money losses are to be in the billions and increasing. By 16 March, news reports emerged indicating that the effect on the United States economy would be worse than previously thought.

According to the World Data Lab, Africa's middle class is at risk because of the coronavirus pandemic.  According to one economist from the Africa and the Middle East at Standard Chartered Bank, a middle-class person is someone who is not rich but does have a steady income.  In Africa, about 170 million people are middle class and about 8 million of them could lose their businesses or become poor because of COVID-19.  This is because one of the industries that has helped Africa's middle class rise over the past 30 years is tourism, and many countries closed borders and encouraged people not to travel.  Experts say this is especially bad because a strong middle class lifts the whole country.

Nigeria and other African countries are also affected by low oil prices.  Because people all over the world are driving and flying and traveling less, oil costs less.  That means oil companies make less money.  Many of them have fired some of their employees in Africa.  Then those employees do not have money to spend on local businesses.

Currency

The coronavirus pandemic increased the amount of money spent through cashless payments, like credit cards and aps, over cash, meaning coins and paper bills.  The United Nations and many specific countries, such as Kenya and Sweden, encouraged people to pay for things without using cash.  Physical coins and bills can carry germs.  Credit cards and aps make it easier for people to pay for things without touching other people.  This means that the store or other seller must pay a fee to the credit card company or app company.

Experts say this may cause problems for immigrants, people with disabilities and other people who cannot easily sign up for credit cards or aps.

Education
The  pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide causing many schools and universities to close down. According to data released by UNESCO on 25 March, school and university closures due to COVID-19 were caused in 165 countries. Including localized closures, this affects over 1.5 billion students worldwide. Many classes were suspended for the rest of the school year with many tacking online classes.

In the United Kingdom, some schools stayed open and taught the children of essential workers, at-risk children, and children with special education needs.  According to the Independent Provider of Special Education Advice organization, British educators unfairly sent special education students home either for no reason or by claiming that they could not wash their hands or keep a safe social distance.

Race and racism

COVID-19 did not affect everyone in each country the same way.  As of May 2020, APM Research Lab said the death rate among black Americans was 2.4 times as high as for whites and 2.2 times as high as for Latino and Asian Americans. In July 2020, The New York Times printed data from the Centers for Disease Control showing that black and Latino Americans were three times as likely to become sick and twice as likely to die as white Americans.  This showed some difference from place to place, but it was mostly true in both cities and the country, regardless of how old people were.  Native Americans were also more likely than whites to become sick and die.  Asian Americans were 1.3 times as likely to become sick as whites were. Camara Jones, an epidemiologist who once worked for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said this was socioeconomic and not because of any natural difference in black and white people's bodies.  In the United States, black citizens are more likely to work jobs where they serve the public and to ride on buses and trains rather than take their own cars to work, which makes them more likely to be infected than people who work in private offices or from home. Sharrelle Barber, an epidemiologist and biostatistician from Drexel University, also said black Americans can live in crowded neighborhoods where social distancing is harder to do and healthy food harder to find.  Both Barber and Jones blamed the long history of racism in the United States for these things. Three senators, Kamala Harris,  Cory Booker and Elizabeth Warren, said the federal government should start recording the race of COVID-19 patients so scientists could study this problem.

In the United Kingdom, twice as many black COVID-19 patients died as white COVID-19 patients.  Other non-white people, like people from India and Bangledesh, were also more likely to die of COVID-19 than whites.  Britain's Office of National Statistics said that the differences in money and education explained some of this difference but not all of it.  They also said they did not know whether non-white patients caught COVID-19 more often or whether they caught more severe cases.  Only female Chinese Britons were less likely to die of COVID-19 than white Britons.

Indigenous peoples

Native Americans in the United States have shown more deaths from COVID-19 than the rest of the U.S. As of May, the Navajo Nation had 88 deaths and 2,757 cases, and the money they had been promised by the government arrived weeks late.  Only 30% of the people in the Navajo Nation have pipes with running water, which made it difficult for people to wash their hands.

Scientists from Chapman University made a plan to protect the Tsimane people in Bolivia from COVID-19 and said this plan would also work for other indigenous peoples living on their own land.  The scientists said that many indigenous peoples have problems that make COVID-19 more dangerous for them, like poverty, less clean water, and other lung diseases. Hospitals may be a long distance away, and racism can affect the way doctors and nurses react.  But they also sometimes have things that help, like traditions of making decisions together and the ability to grow food nearby.  The scientists found people who spoke the Tsimane language as a first language and made teams to go to Tsimane towns to warn them about COVID-19.  They also used radio stations.  They said the best strategy was for whole communities to decide to isolate.  They found this worked well because the Tsimane already usually made their big decisions together as a community in special meetings and already had a tradition of quarantining new mothers.  The Chapman scientists said their plan would also work for other indigenous peoples who also make decisions together, like the Tsimane.
 The Waswanipi Cree in Canada, the Mapoon people in Australia, and many groups in South America already tried plans like these on their own.

George Floyd protests

In April 2020, police officers in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States killed an unarmed black man called George Floyd while they were arresting him.  There were months of protests all over the world against police racism.  Many people said that the reason the protests were so big was not only because of racism but also because COVID-19 hurt more non-white people than other people, both by making them sick and by costing them their jobs.

Scholar Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith of the Yale School of Medicine said, "They are protesting against police brutality and excessive force, no question, but they're also protesting for the ability to live their lives fully and completely, and to not have their lives cut short, either by force or preventable diseases."

Job losses also meant people had more time to protest.  On The Daily Show, athlete Anquan Boldin said he thought all the cancelled sports events were also making the protests bigger and more focused: "The one thing I'm happy that is not happening right now is that sports isn't being played." He then named many tournaments and other events that had been cancelled. "...and everybody could be distracted by those things that are going on, but because you don't have sports, everybody's attention is focused on this one thing.  And I think, for us, this is the opportunity to really create change."

Transportation
The pandemic has had a large impact on aviation business due to Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a decrease in demand among travelers. Many reductions in passenger numbers has caused in planes flying empty between airports and the cancellation of flights.

The cruise ship business has also been affected by a decrease, with the share prices of the major cruise lines down 70-80%.

Social
On 18 March 2020, the World Health Organization issued a report about mental health and psychosocial issues during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Due to doubts if pets or other livestock can pass on coronavirus to humans, many people did not want to keep their pets as they were scared of getting the disease. In the Arab World, celebrities were telling people to keep and protect their pets. Meanwhile, people in the U.K. bought more pets during the coronavirus lockdown to not be lonely.

Many countries have reported an increase in domestic violence and intimate partner violence because of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus pandemic has been followed by a concern for a possible increase in suicides due to quarantine and social-distancing guidelines, fear, and unemployment and financial reasons.

COVID-19 and sleep

Most of the time, people who work during the week sleep and wake earlier on weekdays than they do on weekends.  This is called social jetlag and it leads to poor sleep.  Scientists from the University of Basel said the lockdowns made people sleep longer and at healthier times, so there was less social jetlag.  They said this was because even people who still worked did so from home, so they did not have to get up early to travel to work. They also found that people did not sleep as well because they were worried.

Families

The pandemic affected families.  In a study from Vanderbilt University, 27% of American parents said their mental health had gotten worse and 14% of parents reported their children's mental health had gotten worse.  Many families lost child care and health insurance.  Many families found it more difficult to get enough food.  Families with younger children were more affected because they were more likely to miss child care.

Related pages
 Coronavirus recession
 2020 stock market crash

References

COVID-19 pandemic

Socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic


Kadyrzhan Qabdoshuly Damitov (; born 16 December 1959) is a Kazakh financier who is the president of the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE).

Education and career
Kadyrzhan K. Damitov graduated from Alma-Ata Institute of National Economy in 1982 majoring in Engineering and Economics (Almaty, Kazakhstan) and holds a PhD in Corporate Management and Finance (1988) from the Moscow Financial Institute (Moscow, Russia).

Prior to resuming charges as the President of Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) in May 2009, Mr. Damitov worked in various sectors: business, government and academia. He developed companies' operations, participated in policy-making processes in regards to the various sectors of economy, fostered development of the country's financial market regulatory system.

He began his career in 1984 working as university professor of Economics at Alma-Ata Institute of National Economy and later on devoted time to scientific research at the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences. Further on in 1991 he joined "Alem Bank Kazakhstan" starting his career at the bank as Chief Economist and at the time of departure from the bank in 1994 held the position of the First Deputy Chairman of the Board.

Mr. Damitov contributed to the establishment and development of the financial market of Kazakhstan. He worked both at the National Bank (Central Bank) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as private local banks and branches of the large foreign banks operating in Kazakhstan. In 1994–1997 he worked as Deputy Governor of the National Bank of Kazakhstan. Later he was promoted to the Vice-Minister of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1997) followed by his advisory position to the country's Prime-Minister (1997-1998). Then in 1998, at a time of Asian and Russian financial crisis, returned to the banking regulation activity in a capacity of the Governor of the National Bank, from 1998 to 1999. After heading the National Bank for almost two years he was assigned to the position of the Advisor to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

His career in the private sector was not limited only to the banking sector, he also worked in other sectors of the economy. In the private banking sector he worked at "ABN AMRO Bank Kazakhstan" during the years of 2000-2004 in the capacity of Deputy Chairman of the Board. From March 2004 until 2007 he was a member of the Board of Directors of Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium Magnesium Plant and further on until 2009 he was the Chairman of the Board of the National Company "Social Entrepreneurship Corporation "Ertis"".

During 2000-2007 he was simultaneously a Member of the Board of Directors at such financial institutions as ABN AMRO Pension Fund and Halyk Savings Bank of Kazakhstan, as well as at the sovereign development institution - Fund for Sustainable Development "Kazyna".

Recognition
Mr. Damitov holds national awards for his contribution to the development of Kazakhstan's economy.

References

External links
 Bloomberg Businessweek

Living people
Chairmen of the National Bank of Kazakhstan
Place of birth missing (living people)
Kazakhstani economists
Narxoz University alumni
1959 births

Kadyrzhan Damitov


A severance package is pay and benefits employees receive when they leave employment at a company. In addition to their remaining regular pay, it may include some of the following:

 Any additional payment based on months of service
 Payment for unused accrued PTO  vacation time Holiday pay or sick leave.  In some states such as California, in order for a severance agreement to be valid, the severance pay offered must be more than just PTO, vacation, or holiday pay.  Those benefits have to be "cashed out" when an employee leaves and must be provided regardless of whether or not an employee signs a severance agreement.
 A payment in lieu of a required notice period.
 Medical, dental or life insurance
 Retirement accounts (such as 401(k)) or 403(b) benefits
 Stock options
 Assistance in searching for new work, such as access to employment services or help in producing a résumé.

Packages are most typically offered for employees who are laid off or retire. Sometimes, they may be offered for those who either resign, regardless of the circumstances, or are fired.

Policies for severance packages are often found in a company's employee handbook, and in many countries, they are subject to strict government regulation.

References

Employment

Severance package


Topic is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated in France and sold in Europe.  It contains hazelnuts, nougat and caramel.

The bar was first introduced in 1962. In the UK, it was advertised with the line "A Hazelnut in Every Bite".

The chocolate bar was promoted in a series of radio adverts broadcast in 2002 with the strapline "A joy to eat, but a bitch to make". These adverts featured actors Simon Pegg and Mark Heap who both appeared in the cult British TV comedy Spaced.

The bar was removed from boxes of Celebrations in 2006, along with Twix (although Twix has subsequently been reintroduced).

References

Candy

Topic (chocolate bar)


Svarupa Damodara, / Swarup Damodar also known as Purushottama Acharya was a Gaudiya Vaishnava saint and close associate of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. He lived in Navadvipa. He always stayed with Chaitanya.

Purushottama Acharya did not accept the dress of a sannyasi, but only gave up the shikha and sacred thread. His name became Svarupa. After this, taking up the order of his sannyasa-guru, Purushottama Acharya went to Jagannatha Puri. At that time, he again met with Chaitanya. Swarup Damodar  was the avatar of Lalita  Sakhi of Vraj mandal dham. In the Nawadeep lila  Lalita sakhi appeared as Swarup Damodar Goswami. Svarupa Damodara always stayed near the Lord. Whatever mood the Lord was in, Svarupa Damodara would perform kirtan to augment the Lord's internal sentiments.  Around the same time that Svarupa Damodara came to Puri, Shri Ramananda Raya arrived from Vidyanagara. Shri Ramananda Raya was a great poet and could explain everything in a very elegant style. Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu heard Many  valuable and secrets  of Bhakti tatva, Prem Tatva, Radha Krishna Tatta, Ras  tatva and many other topics  from  Ramanand Rai, in South India near the bank of river Godavari river .

References

Gaudiya religious leaders

Svarupa Damodara


Atanu Roy (born 1952) is an Indian illustrator and cartoonist from New Delhi, who has illustrated more than a hundred books for children. Roy studied at the Delhi College of Art, and illustrated his first book while he was still a student, a black and white book about the history of transportation. After graduating, he worked with publishers Rajpal & Sons, where he did book covers and illustrated the works of writers such as Amrita Pritam and Agyeya. He then worked with the India Today group as art director of the children's magazine Target, where he also illustrated the joke pages. He has received many international awards and prizes for cartooning and illustration.

Career
As a children's book illustrator, Roy's first real picture book was a book on Tails for the National Book Trust (NBT). He went on to create several other titles for NBT, adopting a bold style with strong black outlines and vivid colors to compensate for the low-grade paper on which NBT titles were printed. Roy has also worked on books and associated educational aids for pre-school children, including games and puzzles, with various publishers in New Delhi. In an interview to the newspaper DNA, Roy described the requirements for his job in these words: "The most important skill is not to be condescending towards children and to have a good sense of humour. It is also very important to feel for the needs of each age group and create a style. A lot of background work for the right references to be visually accurate and use of detail and action to grab the child's attention is essential. A child is more interested in the content and not your name or fame."

Some of Roy's best work as an illustrator appears in The Puffin Book of Magical Indian Myths, where his illustrations draw on various Indian art styles. "My idea was to make the book essentially Indian so I tried to use mostly earthy colours and occasionally demonstrate the influence of our painting traditions", Roy said in an interview.
Describing the thought process behind his dark illustrations, Roy told Time Out Mumbai that he did not think of his audience as children, but "more as my equals, perfectly capable of understanding adult matters". This is why he did not hesitate in depicting the dark, violent aspects of Indian mythology.

Work

As illustrator
The Puffin Book of Magical Indian Myths by Anita Nair, illustrated by Atanu Roy (Puffin, 2008)
Wingless, a fairy tale by Paro Anand, with illustrations by Atanu Roy (IndiaInk, 2003)

References

External links
Atanu Roy bibliography at WorldCat
Some pages from Wingless, illustrated by Atanu Roy

Indian illustrators
Indian children's book illustrators
Indian comics artists
Living people
1952 births

Atanu Roy


James Robert Rhind, architect, was born in Inverness, Scotland in 1854 and trained as an architect in his father's local practice.

He was successful in the architectural competition for new libraries to be constructed in Glasgow following Andrew Carnegie's gift of £100,000 to the city in 1901. His designs were selected for 7 libraries, allowing him to demonstrate his individual interpretation of  Edwardian Baroque architecture.

Rhind's libraries were all built with locally quarried sandstone, which blended in with the existing tenement neighbourhoods. His landmark buildings were greatly enhanced by his liberal use of columns, domes and sculpted features. Many of the façades were decorated with stone and bronze statues by the noted Glasgow sculptor, William Kellock Brown.

Rhind retained his base in Inverness while he temporarily occupied offices in Glasgow city centre during the construction of the new Carnegie libraries. In Scotland the Carnegie libraries were typically built of stone. In the rest of the British Isles there was much more use of brick.  The drawings of the Carnegie libraries designed by architect James Robert Rhind are in the Strathclyde Archives, Glasgow.

Works

 Bridgeton District Library, 1903-1906
 Dennistoun Library, 1903-1906
 Govanhill & Crosshill District Library, 1902-1906
 Hutchesontown District Library, 1904-1906
 Maryhill Public Library, 1903-1905
 Parkhead District Library, 1904-1906
 Woodside Library, 1902-1905

Rhind's best known buildings in the north of Scotland are the Royal Golf Hotel, Dornoch and the Crown Church, Inverness.

References

External links
James Robert Rhind (1854-1918) - contains a biography of James. R. Rhind
Edwardian Baroque Architecture in Glasgow – James. R. Rhind

Scottish architects
Baroque Revival architects
1854 births
1918 deaths
People associated with Glasgow
People from Inverness

James Robert Rhind


The National Council () was a legislative assembly convened during the Axis occupation of Greece in May 1944, following elections organized by the National Liberation Front (EAM). Between 1.5 and 1.8 million Greeks voted in these elections, which were also the first elections Greek women were allowed to vote in. The ca. 208 members of the Council convened in the village of Koryschades, its first session lasting from 14 to 27 May. Following the Lebanon conference and the establishment of a national unity government comprising EAM and the Greek government in exile, its role was diminished, and shortly after the liberation of Greece, on 5 November, it was dissolved.

Background

By the end of 1943, the National Liberation Front (EAM), sponsored by the Communist Party of Greece, and its armed wing, the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS), had emerged as by far the strongest faction in the Greek Resistance movement: ELAS alone numbered some 50,000 members, while EAM and its various subsidiary movements comprised over 500,000 people out of Greece's seven-million-strong population. In the liberated areas under its control in the mountainous interior of the country, as well as in the occupied areas and the major urban centres, EAM established its own administration, culminating in the 25-strong EAM Central Committee. As EAM's power grew and its competition with the British-backed Greek government in exile in Cairo became more pronounced, in early 1944 EAM decided to set up a fully-fledged parallel government, the Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA), to administer the liberated areas—a "Free Greece" comprising about half of the country's area and 2.5 million people—and to apply pressure on the government in exile for its reformation into a national unity government with the participation of EAM ministers.

Elections for the National Council
To legitimize this move, in late April EAM held elections across Greece. The PEEA decree on holding the elections foresaw two ways of voting, one with the direct election of the national councillors, and one indirectly via electors representing localities as well as professional or other groupings. It was left to the various areas to decide which method they would implement.

These were the first Greek elections in which women were allowed to vote, and where the voting age limit was lowered to 18. As the elections had to be carried out in conditions of secrecy in the occupied areas, no electoral registers were kept, but it is estimated that between 1.5 and 1.8 million people voted. By way of comparison, in the January 1936 elections, the last to be held in Greece before the war (and the imposition of the authoritarian Metaxas Regime), only 1,278,085 people (all men) voted. Eastern Macedonia and Western Thrace, which were under Bulgarian occupation, as well as most of the islands except Euboea and Lefkada, did not participate in the election, due to the much more repressive occupation regime in the former, and the delay of the PEEA order in reaching the latter. George Couvaras, a Greek-American OSS agent present in "Free Greece" at the time, reported that "the election was a pretty fair one", and that it demonstrated the ascendancy of EAM over the old pre-war political system as well as the widespread rejection of the monarchy among the populace. The exact number of councillors is uncertain, but the best estimate is at least 208. Among them were 24 (most sources erroneously mention 22) Members of Parliament from the last pre-war assembly of 1936, who were invited to participate in the National Council in a move designed to highlight the PEEA's self-portrayal as the legitimate successor of the pre-war (and pre-Metaxas Regime) democratic government. The elected councillors represented a broad cross-section of Greek society: 2 bishops and 2 priests, 5 university professors, 8 generals and 6 lower-ranking officers, 20 civil servants, 5 industrialists, 15 doctors of medicine, 25 lawyers, 22 labourers, 23 farmers, 10 newspapermen, 10 scientists, 9 high school teachers, etc. Among them, for the first time in Greek history, were five women.

Work of the Council and dissolution

The Council convened for the first time on 14 May 1944 in the village of Koryschades in the mountains of Evrytania. Following a blessing by the Metropolitan of Kozani, Joachim, the national councillors took their oath of office:

The Council sat in its first and only session from 14 to 27 May 1944. The old liberal general Neokosmos Grigoriadis was elected speaker, with the Metropolitan Joachim as deputy speaker. After sending official greetings to the Allied governments, including Yugoslavia and China, the assembly heard a number of reports by the PEEA ministers on the military situation, on "people's justice", on agricultural and educational reform, on finance and labour rights, etc. In its final session, the Council adopted a Charter for "Free Greece". The charter also defined the Council's role: while on the one hand it vowed to fight to the end for the liberation from the Germans and the "restoration of national unity and popular sovereignty", it also declared that the Council might be dissolved before liberation if proposed by its own members—a clear implication that EAM was prepared to dissolve its rival parliament if it were admitted into the royal Greek government in exile. The issue sparked a series of mutinies in the Greek armed forces in the Middle East, which were suppressed by the British and loyalist Greek officers. In the end, in the Lebanon conference, EAM was obliged to accept a reduced participation in a cabinet of national unity headed by Georgios Papandreou. With the withdrawal of the Germans and the establishment of the Papandreou government in Athens in October, the Council dissolved itself on 5 November 1944.

References

Sources

1944 establishments in Greece
National Liberation Front (Greece)
Historical legislatures in Greece
1944 disestablishments in Greece
1944 in politics
1940s in Greek politics
Defunct unicameral legislatures

National Council (Greece)


Scott Ian Glenn Endersby (born 20 February 1962) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers, Swindon Town, Carlisle United, York City and Cardiff City.

Club career
Born in Lewisham, County of London, Endersby started his career in non-League football when playing for Irthlingborough Diamonds and Kettering Town. With Kettering, he was 15 years and 288 days old when playing in the FA Cup first round against Tilbury on 26 November 1977. Record books credited him with being the youngest player to appear in the FA Cup proper, although some statisticians argued this claim was invalid, with the Football Association declaring the result of the match void due to Kettering fielding an ineligible player. However, Endersby did play in the replay nine days later.

He earned a Football League move after signing for Ipswich Town in March 1979 for a fee of £8,000. He failed to make any league appearances for Ipswich before signing for Tranmere Rovers in July 1981. Having made 79 league appearances in two seasons with Tranmere, Endersby signed for Swindon Town in August 1983. He signed for Carlisle United in November 1985, initially on loan, having made 85 league appearances for Swindon.

After making 52 league appearances for Carlisle, Endersby signed for York City in July 1987. He made his debut in York's 1–0 defeat away at Brighton & Hove Albion on 15 August 1987, but his chances in the team were limited after Chris Marples established himself. Endersby was transfer listed in December 1987 for disciplinary reasons, and later that month joined Cardiff City on loan, where he made four league appearances. He finished the 1987–88 season with 42 appearances for York.

After a spell on loan with Rochdale starting in December 1988, in which he made no league appearances, he went part-time with York in May 1989. He finished his second season at York with a single appearance, against Wrexham in a 1–0 home win on 14 March 1989. Endersby left the club in April 1990 to enter a pub management course before working as a chef.

International career
Endersby was capped by the England national youth team in 1980 while an Ipswich player.

References

1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Lewisham
English men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Irthlingborough Diamonds F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
English Football League players

Scott Endersby


Andrew "Andy Votel" Shallcross (born 4 November 1975 in Marple Bridge, Stockport, England) is an English musician, DJ, record producer, graphic designer and co-founder of Twisted Nerve Records and the reissue label Finders Keepers Records.

As musician

Violators of the English Language
Votel began making music in the late 1980s as the youngest member of the group Violators of the English Language (from which the VOTEL stage name is derived). The group appeared on the Howard Jacobson BBC documentary Think of England in 1991 performing a rap song with a young DJ Semtex as a backing dancer. Violators of the English Language failed to gain label interest as a group but Fat City released the Violators of the English Language instrumental tracks as VOTEL in 1996.

Solo career
In 2000 Votel signed to XL Records. He recorded two albums for the label, Styles of the Unexpected (2000) and All Ten Fingers (2002). These albums featured original Can singer Malcolm Mooney, Guy Garvey, Gramme, and Jane Weaver.
Votel's music is often released under a pseudonym. His aliases include Applehead, Anworth Kirk, Tandy Love, Xian Orphic, Slant Azymuth, Neotantrik, and Tony Deval.

As DJ
Having built a reputation through Violators of the English Language, Votel began mixing psychedelic music with jazz and hip-hop records at clubs like The Hacienda and Home And South from the early 1990s. He is an internationally renowned DJ and has performed at events such as Sonar, All Tomorrow's Parties, and the Green Man Festival. Votel founded the B-Music DJ Collective alongside ex-Hacienda DJ and journalist John Maccready. Other B-Music collaborators include David Holmes, Belle And Sebastian, Edan, Bob Stanley, and Gruff Rhys.
Votel has presented shows for Radio 4 such as 2011's Free Wales Harmony, which documented the history of Welsh protest music. He appears regularly alongside Stuart Maconie on The Freakier Zone show on BBC 6 Music.

As record producer and remixer
Votel has produced extensively for Badly Drawn Boy, including tracks on the Mercury Music Prize winning album The Hour of Bewilderbeast. He has also produced music for Gruff Rhys including the single 'Shark Ridden Waters' on the album Hotel Shampoo. Votel has also remixed or produced material for Ian Brown, The Avalanches, Lamb, Elastica, Texas, Death in Vegas, Kings of Convenience, Tim Burgess, Broadcast, and Elbow, among others. Votel also creates mix compilation CDs, including the Music To Watch Girls Cry series, Vertigo Mixed, a compilation of rare tracks from the Vertigo Records catalogue, Brazilika, rare Brazilian tracks and Hungaraton, rare Hungarian music.

As record label founder

Twisted Nerve
In 1997 Votel met Badly Drawn Boy and the pair founded the label Twisted Nerve, initially to release music by Badly Drawn Boy and Dave Tyack. The label then expanded, releasing the earliest recordings of many other artists including Doves, Elbow, PlanningToRock, and Alfie.

Finders Keepers
In 1999 Votel, along with Doug Shipton and Dom Thomas, founded the reissue label Finders Keepers. The debut release was a reissue of the then-obscure L'enfant Assassin Des Mouches by Jean-Claude Vannier. The label then carved a niche in reissuing vinyl obscurities from around the world, tracking down artists such as Selda Bagcan, Bruno Spoerri and Jean-Pierre Massiera.

Other labels
Votel co-runs Bird records with Jane Weaver and co-runs Pre-Cert Home Entertainment with Demdike Stare and Boomkat.

As graphic designer
Votel is a graphic designer and has created over 150 record sleeves. Notable artists to use his graphic design work include Gilles Peterson, Badly Drawn Boy, David Holmes, and Cate Le Bon. He has also designed campaigns for Adidas, Stüssy, Levi, and Adam Et Rope. He was also the in-house designer for Fat City. Votel teaches part-time at Stockport Design College.

Personal life
Votel is married to musician Jane Weaver.

Other activity
Votel has been the curator of a number of events including the 2006 event at the Barbican Centre celebrating the music of Jean-Claude Vannier and Serge Gainsbourg. This event reunited musicians who played on the albums Histoire de Melody Nelson and L'enfant Assassin des Mouches.  It also featured a number of contemporary artists as guest vocalists including Jarvis Cocker, Badly Drawn Boy, Brigitte Fontaine, The Bad Seeds' Mick Harvey and Gruff Rhys. Other notable events include Barbican shows with Magma, Jean-Pierre Massiera and Polish composer Andrzej Korzyński and assisting Jarvis Cocker with the 2007 Meltdown Festival. He also curated 2013's Festival Number 6 at Portmeirion.

Votel writes about outsider music for websites such as Red Bull Music Academy.

Discography

Singles
 "If Six Was Nine" (12", Grand Central Records, 1996)
 "Canter" (7", Sluts Small, 1999, split single with Add N to X)
 "Whirlpool" (Twisted Nerve Records)
 "The Amazing Transplant EP" – with Cherrystones (12", Stark Reality, 1999)
 "Girl on a Go-ped" / "Return of the Spooky Driver" (Twisted Nerve Records)
 "Girl on a Go-ped" (Remix) (Twisted Nerve Records)

Albums
 Styles of the Unexpected (Twisted Nerve Records, 2000)
 All Ten Fingers (Twisted Nerve Records, 2002)

Compilations
 Music To Watch Girls Cry (2003)
 Folk Is Not a Four Letter Word (2005)
 Vertigo Mixed (2005)
 Songs in the Key of Death (2005)
 Songs of Insolence (2005)
 Welsh Rare Beat (2005)
 Prog Is Not a Four Letter Word (2006)
 One Nation Under a Grave (2007)
 Vintage Voltage (2010)

References

External links

English electronic musicians
English DJs
English record producers
Musicians from Stockport
1975 births
Living people
Electronic dance music DJs

Andy Votel


Start the Machine is a documentary that focuses on the break-up of Blink-182, the genesis of Angels & Airwaves, and the making of their debut album We Don't Need to Whisper. It was released on DVD on June 17, 2008. The film is named after the closing track on We Don't Need to Whisper.

Scene index
I-Empire Trailer – 2:39
Flight – 5:13
April 11, 2005 – 4:42
Writing – 4:16
"The Adventure" – 4:52
Rebirth – 4:39
David James Kennedy – 3:40
"The Gift" – 6:22
Producing – 3:44
Tom – 7:13
Big Mouth – 5:33
Breakdown – 5:19
Critter – 2:54
Atom – 3:28
Ryan – 1:34
Biographical Moment – 0:30
"The War" – 5:22
Credits – 5:21

Special features
The Reviews
More from the Studio
Tom Talks About Blink-182 and AVA
"Distraction Live"
I-Empire Movie Trailer
Music video: "The Adventure"
Music video: "Do It for Me Now"
Short film: "The War"
Short film: "The Adventure"
Short film: "It Hurts"
Short film: "The Gift"

Filming and production
Start the Machine was filmed over a course of almost 3 years. During this time, Tom DeLonge and David Kennedy (both guitarists from the band) contacted Mark Eaton and asked him to direct this documentary. Both DeLonge and Kennedy had known him for years. Eaton was trusted with the quality of the documentary completely; DeLonge never saw it or approved or disapproved anything before it was submitted to film festivals; he had "nothing to do with putting it together". Eaton would later go on to direct the videos for "Secret Crowds" and "Breathe" by Angels & Airwaves as well.

Premiere
On June 14, the documentary was exclusively premiered three days before its official release at the La Paloma Theater in Encinitas, California. No other theater showings were available for this documentary. Attendance of this show was on a first-come, first-served basis. Admission was $5, free for Modlife members. This special premiere was sponsored by Modlife, Macbeth Footwear, Loserkids, and Wahoo's and let the attendees meet the band and allowed fans to have the chance to win these door prizes:
Signed guitars and posters
Macbeth shoes
Gift certificates for Loserkids.com and Wahoo's
Modlife Premium membership accounts
Start the Machine DVDs
CDs and more

Reception
Start the Machine has been praised by Ultimate Guitar for its honesty, production, and content, receiving a rating of 9.3 out of 10.

References

External links
Start the Machine trailer
Start the Machine on MySpace
Lost footage 1 & 2

2008 films
Rockumentaries
2000s English-language films

Start the Machine (film)


Private Hiram T. Smith is a legendary casualty of the bloodless Maine Aroostook War, having died in 1838. Although one of roughly 38 men killed (all were non-combat deaths), he is the most famous because many locals consider him the only casualty of the war. A memorial placed in the middle of the Haynesville Woods along U.S. Route 2A also added to his fame. In 1933, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) placed a marble marker at the site and later updated it with a granite marker that still stands today.

It is unknown how exactly Smith died or why he stands out from the rest of the men who died, as there is no official reason for his death. There are several ongoing theories:

He froze to death.  Temperatures in that area of Maine during the winter of 1838 reached negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit. However, many believe he died in the summer of 1838.
Run over by an army supply wagon.
Killed by a horse when he went to feed them.
Falling through the ice of Lake St. Clair. While he may have died from falling through the ice, there has never been a Lake St. Clair in Maine.
Shot for desertion.  Probably also not true, as this would have had a record of some type.
Fell into a pond and drowned. A pond now called Soldier's Pond has a marker stating "Soldier's Grave Aroostook War 1838" which is attributed to Smith but the year would be inconsistent with reports he died in 1839, and is not the same marker the DAR erected.

References

1839 deaths
American militiamen
Year of birth unknown
History of Maine

Hiram T. Smith


Kate Bernheimer is an American fairy-tale writer, scholar and editor.

Works
Kate Bernheimer's first three novels, a trilogy based on Russian, German, and Yiddish fairy tales, "The Complete Tales of Lucy Gold" (2011), The Complete Tales of Merry Gold (2006), and "The Complete Tales of Ketzia Gold" (2001), were published by Fiction Collective 2. Amongst her other work, her short-story collection  Horse, Flower, Bird was published in Fall 2010 by Coffee House Press. She edited the World Fantasy Award-winning collection of short stories, My Mother She Killed Me, My Father He Ate Me: Forty New Fairy Tales, which was published in Fall 2010 by Penguin Books, and its sequel, xo Orpheus: Fifty New Myths, in 2013. She is also the author of The Girl in the Castle Inside the Museum, chosen as a best picture book of the year by Publishers Weekly in 2008. Her most recent book for children is "The Lonely Book," illustrated by Chris Sheban and an Amazon "Best Books of the Month" selection for May 2012; it was published in April 2012 by Random House Children's Books.

Bernheimer is founder and editor of the journal Fairy Tale Review, as well as a number of fairy-tale anthologies, including Mirror, Mirror on the Wall (Doubleday, 2002) and Brothers and Beasts (Wayne State University Press, 2007).

Bernheimer is the co-curator and co-editor (with her brother, architect Andrew Bernheimer) of "Fairy Tale Architecture", published by Places Journal.

Bernheimer was also among a list of contributors to The &NOW Awards 2:  The Best Innovative Writing which released in spring of 2013.

She has a BA from Wesleyan University.

References

External links
 in French: la petite fille qui vivait dans le château du musée

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Wesleyan University alumni
Fairy tale scholars
American folklorists
American women folklorists
American women novelists
American women short story writers
American women children's writers
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American short story writers
American children's writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers

Kate Bernheimer


San José Las Flores is a municipality and city in Chalatenango Department, El Salvador. It played an important and strategic role during the Salvadoran Civil War.  The town was one of the first settlements to be repopulated by refugees who had been driven away by government bombing during the early 1980s.  In 1986, in defiance of the military, the civilian population returned to reconstruct the village.  This was part of a campaign of a number of towns throughout northern El Salvador, with the assistance of humanitarian groups in North America and Europe, to resist the militarization of the area and prevent continued bombing during the war.  For this reason, a number of U.S. cities became sister cities with Salvadoran towns to demonstrate support for the civilians during the war.  Nearby towns that were also in this movement include Arcatao and Guarjila, which were repopulated in 1987.

Geography

The community of San Jose Las Flores is situated to the east of the city of Chalatenango on the road towards Nueva Trinidad and Arcatao.

Patronal Festivals

People in San Jose Las Flores celebrate the day of the village's patron saint in March. Local people celebrate over the course of a week with street processions, live music shows and ranching displays (known locally as Jaripeo)

Tourism

Most tourists visit San Jose Las Flores when coming to the nearby River Sumpul complex. Two miles beyond Las Flores is a tourist complex with cabins, a small restaurant and a swimming area complete with two large waterslides, which are very popular with local people and visitors from further afield.

Sister cities

The elementary school Escuela San Jose Las Flores has two sister schools, Holy Trinity High School, in Kanata and St. Gregory Catholic School in Ottawa.  Both schools are in Ontario, Canada. It is a sister city of Cambridge, MA, United States since 1986, ratified by the Cambridge government in 1987.

References

Municipalities of the Chalatenango Department

San José Las Flores, Chalatenango


Lanfranc (1005  1010 at Pavia — 24 May 1089 at Canterbury) was a cleric, teacher and jurist who became Archbishop of Canterbury under William the Conqueror.

This celebrated Italian jurist gave up his career to become a monk at Bec in Normandy.  In 1070 he became the Archbishop of Canterbury in England. This was the peak of an extraordinary life.

Life
Lanfranc was born in the early years of the 11th century at Pavia in Italy. His father, Hanbald, held a rank equivalent to a magistrate.  He was orphaned at an early age. Lanfranc was trained in the liberal arts. He crossed the Alps, and took up the role of teacher in France and eventually in Normandy. About 1039 he became the master of the cathedral school at Avranches. He taught for three years with much success.

In 1042 he gave this up to become a monk in the newly founded Bec Abbey. He became the first prior of Bec Abbey in 1045. He became a friend of William, Duke of Normandy and by 1050 his counselor. Lanfranc then became the abbot of St Stephen in Normandy.

In 1067, when Maurilius, Archbishop of Rouen, died, Lanfranc declined the position.  He would not have been able to do so without the consent of William I. It is likely William had something bigger in mind for Lanfranc. In 1070 Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury was deposed by papal legates. William brought Lanfranc from Normandy to England to become the Archbishop of Canterbury.

References

1000s births
1080s deaths
Archbishops of Canterbury
Italian Roman Catholic priests
Christian monks
People from Pavia

Lanfranc


"Lucid Dreams" is a song by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand. It was originally released as a digital download single on 19 August 2008. An extended and reworked version later appeared on their third studio album, Tonight: Franz Ferdinand (2009). The song peaked at number 35 on the Canadian Hot 100.

Single version
Originally only listenable through a static-covered stream on the band's website and the video game Madden NFL 09, it was released as a single through iTunes on 19 August 2008 (despite an earlier message on the band's diary having stated "it's not a single"). This version is available as an iTunes bonus track to the album and also as a B-side to "No You Girls" in a slightly different mix.

Album version
The single differs from the version that appears on Tonight: Franz Ferdinand, which has been described by several reviewers as the highlight of the album. The pre-album bridge now starts the song, the chorus has been revised and the original second verse and ending are omitted. The song crossfades into a three-minute acid techno instrumental piece with about three minutes left in the song (this is used as the song's outro).

Track listing
Digital download

Charts

References

2008 singles
Franz Ferdinand (band) songs
Songs written by Alex Kapranos
Songs written by Nick McCarthy
2008 songs
Domino Recording Company singles

Lucid Dreams (Franz Ferdinand song)