Patricia Lynn Yearwood (born September 19, 1964) is an American country singer. She rose to fame with her 1991 debut single "She's in Love with the Boy," which became a number one hit on the Billboard country singles chart. Its corresponding self-titled debut album would sell over two million copies. Yearwood continued with a series of major country hits during the early to mid-1990s, including "Walkaway Joe" (1992), "The Song Remembers When" (1993), "XXX's and OOO's (An American Girl)" (1994), and "Believe Me Baby (I Lied)" (1996).

Yearwood's 1997 single "How Do I Live" reached number two on the U.S. country singles chart and was internationally successful. It appeared on her first compilation (Songbook) A Collection of Hits (1997). The album certified quadruple-platinum in the United States and featured the hits "In Another's Eyes" and "Perfect Love." Yearwood had a string of commercial successes over the next several years including the hit singles "There Goes My Baby" and "I Would've Loved You Anyway." She released her tenth studio record Jasper County in 2005, which debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and the top ten of the Billboard 200. It would become her fastest-selling album in the United States. Yearwood signed with Big Machine Records in 2007 and released the critically acclaimed Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love the same year.

Yearwood spent several years on hiatus from her own musical career to focus on other projects. She published three successful cookbooks, which appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 2012, she began a culinary television series on the Food Network called Trisha's Southern Kitchen, which  later won a Daytime Emmy Award. Yearwood has sold over 15 million records worldwide. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including three Grammy Awards, three awards from the Academy of Country Music, and three awards from the Country Music Association. Yearwood has also been a cast member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1999. Since 2005 she has been married to country singer Garth Brooks, with whom she has collaborated on a number of occasions.

Early life
Yearwood was born in Monticello, Georgia, the daughter of schoolteacher Gwendolyn Yearwood and local banker Jack Howard Yearwood. Trisha Yearwood's ancestors came to North America from England during the colonial era. From an early age, she was passionate about music and participated in various music events held by her school and community. This included talent shows, church events, and musicals. After graduating high school, Yearwood studied for two years at Young Harris College, receiving an associate degree in business. She then attended the University of Georgia for one semester before dropping out. Yearwood then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1985, enrolling in Belmont College and pursued a music business degree.

Yearwood gained an internship with MTM Records and was eventually hired as a full-time employee. With the help of the record label's resources, she recorded a series of demo tapes and also sang background vocals for new artists. One of the artists she recorded with was Garth Brooks. Developing a friendship, Brooks promised to help Yearwood sign a recording contract if his career succeeded. Brooks brought her to his producer, Allen Reynolds, who then brought her to the attention of producer Garth Fundis. Fundis and Yearwood began collaborating and eventually crafted a demo recording tape. In 1990, she sang background vocals on Brooks' second album, No Fences, and performed live at a label showcase. MCA Records producer Tony Brown heard her performance and was impressed. Brown helped her sign a recording contract with the label. After signing with the label, she served as the opening act on Brooks' 1991 nationwide tour.

Music career

1991: Breakthrough
Yearwood's self-titled debut album was released in 1991. Its lead single "She's in Love with the Boy" peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, bringing her major success. Three other singles from the album reached the top ten on the country chart — "Like We Never Had a Broken Heart," "The Woman Before Me", and "That's What I Like About You." Her debut album eventually sold one million copies and was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of two million copies. Yearwood also became the first female country artist to sell a million copies of her debut album. AllMusic reviewed the album and called the effort "a very classy debut that stands the test of time," giving it four and a half out of five stars. Additionally, Entertainment Weekly, said that Yearwood's voice "demonstrates technical and emotional authority at every turn." Yearwood's success garnered her a series of major music awards. In 1991, she was named Top New Female Vocalist by the Academy of Country Music and was voted Favorite New Country Artist by the American Music Awards in 1992.

With success, Yearwood began engaging in more opportunities. Parting ways with her previous management firm, she began working under the supervision of Ken Kragen, who oversaw Kenny Rogers and Travis Tritt. She also became the spokesperson for the WildHeart fragrance by Revlon. In a 2010 interview with Good Housekeeping, Yearwood explained that while filming the fragrance's commercial, she was asked to embrace with a male model. She declined to do so and would not continue production until her manager arrived to support her decision. The commercial was eventually filmed and shown on major television networks.

1992–1996: Career diversification
In 1992, Yearwood released her second studio album, Hearts in Armor. With her second album, Yearwood chose songs that came from emotional conflicts following the divorce from first husband, Chris Latham. The album was a departure from her previous material, containing ballads and collaborations with Don Henley, Emmylou Harris, and Raul Malo. Music critics praised the album. Allmusic called the album "stunning" and "one of the best heartbreak records country music delivered in the '80s and '90s." About.com gave it five stars and called Hearts in Armor "possibly Trisha's best album ever." The album's first two singles reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 1992 — "Wrong Side of Memphis" and "Walkaway Joe," the latter featuring Henley on backing vocals. The remaining singles ("You Say You Will" and "Down on My Knees") peaked within the top twenty of the country songs chart. Hearts in Armor would later certify platinum in sales from the RIAA.

Yearwood released her third album in 1993 entitled The Song Remembers When. The title track reached number two on the Billboard country chart that year. The record was recorded in a similar musical style to Hearts in Armor, differing with more contemporary arrangements. The album also included collaborations with other artists such as Rodney Crowell and Willie Nelson. The album was later accompanied by a cable television special in 1993, where the title track's music video derived from. Yearwood followed the studio album with her first Holiday compilation in 1994 titled The Sweetest Gift. It included cover versions of holiday standards, such as "Away in a Manger," "Let it Snow! Let it Snow! Let it Snow!," and "The Christmas Song."

In February 1995, Yearwood released her fourth studio album, Thinkin' About You, which geared more towards adult contemporary styles. The album was given a positive review by Rolling Stone which compared Thinkin' About You to many of Linda Ronstadt's albums in the 1970s. The disc included a version of Melissa Etheridge's "You Can Sleep While I Drive" and Tammy Wynette's "'Til I Get It Right". Thinkin' About You'''s first two singles reached number 1 on the Billboard country chart: "XXX's and OOO's (An American Girl)" and the title track. Its third single, "I Wanna Go Too Far" reached the top ten after its release at the end of 1995. Like its predecessors, Thinkin' About You eventually sold one million copies in the United States and was certified platinum from the RIAA. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, Yearwood's duet with Aaron Neville titled "I Fall to Pieces" (a cover of the 1961 song by Patsy Cline) won in the category of Best Country Collaboration with Vocals. The award became Yearwood's first accolade from the Grammys.

In August 1996, she released her fifth studio album, Everybody Knows, which had similarities to her previous album. The record mostly contained ballads and the songs featured larger melodies. Everybody Knows received mixed reviews by critics. AllMusic gave the album three out of five stars, calling the songs "a little uneven". However, Entertainment Weekly praised the album, calling the title track an "emotional release of a pounding piano". Everybody Knows spawned the "Believe Me Baby (I Lied)", which became Yearwood's fourth number-one single on the Billboard country chart. The title track was released as the second single and peaked within the top five in 1996. During this period, Yearwood performed at the closing ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics, which were held in Atlanta, Georgia.

1997–2001: Crossover success
Yearwood released her first greatest hits compilation in August 1997, (Songbook) A Collection of Hits. The album comprised her major hits up to that point. Songbook was praised by most music critics, including AllMusic who called it "a near-definitive collection". The compilation became her first album to peak at number 1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. It also reached the Top 10 of the Billboard 200, peaking at number 4. Songbook included three new tracks that were eventually released as singles. "How Do I Live" was the first single issued and was included in the 1997 film Con Air. The song was also nominated for Best Song at the Academy Awards. "How Do I Live" was originally recorded by LeAnn Rimes for the film. Rimes's version became a major hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number two, while Yearwood's version peaked at number two on the Billboard country chart. The song also reached number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album's remaining singles also became major hits on the Billboard Country Chart. "In Another's Eyes" (a duet with Garth Brooks) peaked at number 2 on the country chart and the third single, "Perfect Love" reached number one in early 1998. Additionally, Yearwood won a series of accolades. This included accolades from the Grammy Awards, the Country Music Association Awards, and the Academy of Country Music. Songbook would become Yearwood's highest selling album, selling four million copies in the United States, eventually being certified 4× Multi-Platinum from the RIAA.

Yearwood issued first studio album two years later, Where Your Road Leads (1998). It was her first album produced by Tony Brown, with her five previous albums being produced by Garth Fundis. The singles, "There Goes My Baby", "Powerful Thing", and "I'll Still Love You More" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. The title track, was another collaboration with Garth Brooks and became a top twenty hit single. The album gained mostly positive reviews. About.com reviewed the album and gave it four stars, calling it "one of her best albums". It was also reviewed by Allmusic, which also gave the release four out of five stars. During this time, Yearwood engaged in additional ventures. In the summer of 1998, she performed with singer Luciano Pavarotti to benefit Liberian children. In 1999, she was inducted as a member of the Grand Ole Opry by Porter Wagoner, performing a cover Patsy Cline's "Sweet Dreams (Of You)" the night of her induction. She is still a member to date.

Following a second divorce, Yearwood released her seventh studio album in March 2000 titled Real Live Woman. In similarity to Hearts in Armor, the record reflected emotional conflicts following the separation. The album contained twelve tracks and included covers of Bruce Springsteen's "Sad Eyes" and Linda Ronstadt's "Try Me Again". It was given critical acclaim from AllMusic, quoting Real Live Woman as a "measured, deliberate record in the best possible sense." The album sold 500,000 copies in the United States and spawned two singles: the title track and "Where Are You Now".

In 2001, Yearwood released her eighth studio record Inside Out. It was produced by Mark Wright. The album included a collaboration from Don Henley on the title track, as well as Rosanne Cash and Vince Gill. AllMusic called the release "bound to inspire fans and fellow artists alike", calling Yearwood's voice "timeless". Rolling Stone gave the album four out of five stars calling, "Love Alone" and "Melancholy Blue" the best songs on the record. The album spawned the single "I Would've Loved You Anyway", which reached number 4 on the Billboard country chart.

2002–2016: Jasper County, record label switch and new career directions
Following her 2001 album, Yearwood spent time with family and eventually established a romantic relationship with Garth Brooks. In September 2005, she released her first album of new recordings in four years, Jasper County. The album reunited her with Fundis on production duties, and took its name from Jasper County, Georgia, the Georgia county in which she was raised. The album consisted of mostly upbeat Soul-styled songs, including "Sweet Love", and "Who Invented the Wheel". It received positive reviews by critics, including AllMusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine, who called it "an album that stretches further musically than most of her albums while being more cohesive than most of her records as well." It received five stars from About.com, praising the songs "Georgia Rain", "Who Invented the Wheel", and "Standing Out in a Crowd". The album became her third to reach number one on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. It also peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, selling 117,000 copies within its first week. Its first week sales eclipsed those of Paul McCartney's Chaos and Creation in the Backyard, which was released within the same week. The first single, "Georgia Rain", peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, becoming her first major hit since 2002. The second single, "Trying to Love You" was released to radio October 31, reaching number 52. Within a month of the album's release, Jasper County certified gold from the RIAA, becoming Yearwood's eleventh Gold certification of her career.

In May 2007, Yearwood announced her departure from MCA Nashville Records and her signing with the independent label Big Machine Records. Yearwood and the label's CEO, Scott Borchetta met when she originally worked for MTM Records in the late 1980s. She then worked with Borchetta at MCA during the 1990s. Following her separation, MCA released a Greatest Hits compilation, which included her major hits between 1991 and 2001.

After signing with the label, Yearwood announced plans for the recording of her tenth studio album. In November 2007, she released Heaven, Heartache, and the Power of Love. The album peaked at number ten on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and reached number thirty on the Billboard 200. The album received critical acclaim. AllMusic gave the project four and a half out of five stars, calling it their "album pick". Reviewer, Thom Jurek stated, "It's better than good, it's beyond expectation – and it was high after Jasper County – it's the best example of what a popular record – not just a country one – should aspire to be, period." Slant Magazine also reviewed the record, giving it four and a half stars, calling it "a testament to the vitality, intelligence, and soulfulness of modern country's best music." The title track was released as the first single in July 2007, peaking at number 19 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The second single, "This Is Me You're Talking To" was released in January 2008. The song received critical acclaim, notably from Engine 145, who called it "one of the best singles of the year".

After beginning a successful Food Network cooking show and several cookbooks, Yearwood went into hiatus from her solo music career. Although she did not focus on solo projects, she remained active in the music industry. From 2009 to 2014, Yearwood accompanied husband Garth Brooks in his concert residency called Garth at Wynn. The residence was located at the Encore Theatre in Las Vegas, Nevada. Yearwood performed songs as a guest artist in the show. The Las Vegas production ran for three years, closing in 2014. In 2014, Yearwood joined Brooks on his three-year world tour entitled The Garth Brooks World Tour. During this same time, she briefly embarked on her own brief tour called "Just Because". In August 2014, Yearwood briefly signed with RCA Records Nashville. Her only album for the label was the 2014 studio album PrizeFighter: Hit After Hit. It contained 16 of her major hits re-recorded for the album and several new songs. The title track was released as the lead single and featured guest vocals from Kelly Clarkson. The album debuted at number 7 on the Billboard country albums chart and the lead single peaked at number 42 on the Billboard country songs chart.

In 2016, Yearwood appeared in the live television musical The Passion. As a result, she was also featured on the event's soundtrack, performing new versions of several well-known songs including; "Hands", "My Love Is Your Love", "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Broken". "Broken" became Yearwood's first hit on the Christian charts, peaking at number 47 and also reaching number 17 on the Adult Contemporary charts. In late 2016 she joined Garth Brooks on their first collaborative studio album titled Christmas Together. The album featured covers of classic holiday songs and an original track written by the pair called "What I'm Thankful for (The Thanksgiving Song)". Following this, Yearwood was selected as one of 30 artists to perform on the song "Forever Country". The song was created to celebrate 50 years of the CMA Awards.

2018–present: Return to music

In late 2018 Yearwood announced the release of a new album consisting of songs previously recorded by Frank Sinatra. Titled Let's Be Frank, it was recorded live at the Capitol Records building and was backed by a full piece orchestra. Yearwood used Sinatra's original microphone during the recording process. It was released in December 2018, exclusively at Williams Sonoma stores, and worldwide on February 14, 2019. The album peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. In his review, Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe praised the release, giving it four of five possible stars. In discussing the album, Coyne commented, "Let's Be Frank is a delightful detour, and while it doesn't curb the hunger for more country music from the greatest female artist of the greatest generation of female artists, it is chock full of reminders of how she earned that distinction in the first place." Trisha Yearwood performed the Sinatra covers on March 7, 2020, with the Baton Rouge Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Timothy Muffitt. Yearwood was invited to perform with the BRSO as the 2020 selection of the "Pennington Great Performers" series.

In 2019, Yearwood announced plans for her twelfth studio album, Every Girl. Its lead single "Every Girl in This Town" was issued in June 2019. The song debuted at number 21 on the Billboard Country Airplay chart, marking the highest chart debut of her career. Every Girl was released in August 2019. It featured collaborations with Garth Brooks, Kelly Clarkson, and Don Henley. The album peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Country Albums chart  and number 57 on the Billboard 200. Every Girl received critical praise upon its release. Allmusic's Thom Jurek gave the album 4 of 5 stars, calling it "more commanding and more emotionally resonant than in years past." Roughstock's Matt Bjorke commented, "Trisha Yearwood has chosen fourteen diverse songs which showcase her pristine voice, an instrument as strong today as it has ever been, if not more powerful." Yearwood embarked on her first solo tour in 6 years to support the album, which launched in October 2019. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of her career, Yearwood released a deluxe edition of Every Girl in August 2021. This contained an acoustic version of her debut single "She's in Love with the Boy", along with new songs "I Dare You to Love" and "Shallow", a duet with Garth Brooks.

Other career ventures
Cooking
In April 2008, Yearwood released her first cookbook co-written with her mother Gwen and sister Beth Georgia Cooking in an Oklahoma Kitchen. The cookbook included other recipes passed down from her family and liner notes describing each recipe. In total, 120 recipes were included. The book contained recipes for such foods as fried chicken, ribs, meatloaf, and cheesecake. Garth Brooks wrote the book's foreword, stating how he was always fond of her cooking style. Georgia Cooking reached number 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list. Yearwood then stated plans to publish a second cookbook.

On April 6, 2010, she collaborated again with her mother and sister to release Home Cooking with Trisha Yearwood. The book contained recipes passed down through her mother, aunts, cousins and longtime friends. Yearwood stated that she dedicated many of the cookbook's recipes to relatives, such as Brooks, who also provided the foreword. Home Cooking would also reach number 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list. Yearwood's cookbook was the cover article for the April 2010 issue of Redbook Magazine, where she explained that many of the recipes featured in the cookbook were "some of the best memories of her childhood". Later that year, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine included Home Cooking with Trisha Yearwood on their list of "The Five Worst Cookbooks of 2010", noting its recipes are "loaded with fat and cholesterol", specifically citing one called "Garth's Breakfast Bowl" which "includes eight large eggs, a pound each of bacon and sausage, cheese tortellini, cheddar cheese, tater tots, and B.O.B (Bowl Of Butter)." In 2015, Yearwood released her third cooking writing endeavor called Trisha's Table. Garth Brooks wrote the book's foreword and it was another writing collaboration with her sister.

In 2012, Yearwood announced plans to film a cooking show. Trisha's Southern Kitchen premiered on the Food Network on April 14, 2012. The original six episodes were filmed in Nashville, Tennessee. The show received a positive response from viewers. According to Food Network's senior vice president, viewers enjoyed seeing "different sides" of Yearwood: "Our viewers loved seeing a different side of Trisha. Her impressive cooking skills and family recipes, coupled with her natural southern charm, really resonated with our audience...We're thrilled Trisha will be returning for a second season with more delicious dishes and family traditions." In 2013, Trisha's Southern Kitchen won an Emmy award for "Outstanding Culinary Program". The show has since been nominated for additional Emmy accolades. In a 2017 interview, Yearwood stated that she would like to continue hosting the program for "as long as she can."

Film and television
In 1997, Yearwood began playing a recurring role on the CBS military drama JAG, where she played Lieutenant Commander Teresa Coulter, a Navy coroner and forensic specialist, who develops feelings for one of the main characters. She appeared on the show at various times until 2002. In the 1999 film Stuart Little, Yearwood performed the song "You're Where I Belong", written by Diane Warren and produced by Keith Thomas. In addition, Yearwood also guest-starred in the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in 1994 as a choir director. Yearwood has also stated she is interested in performing in a Broadway musical, but not "anytime soon". She appeared in an episode of TLC's Who Do You Think You Are? on September 3, 2013.

In March 2016, Yearwood appeared as Mary in the live television musical  The Passion based on the Dutch franchise of the same name. The show is a contemporary retelling of the Passion of Jesus Christ set to popular music with a mixture of live and pre-recorded segments. The event was broadcast live on Fox. The show received mixed reviews. In one interview by Robert Bianco of USA Today, "Yearwood's Mary may have been singing about Jesus, but she never interacted with him. While he was mostly seen in segments shot around the city, she sang to the crowd gathered in front of that big white stage, belting out You'll Never Walk Alone to no one in particular." A review by Entertainment Weekly called Yearwood's performance of the songs she performed "expressive", but lacking the live elements as it was filmed through pre-recorded scenes. In 2019, Yearwood hosted the tenth annual CMA Country Christmas. The special was taped in September 2019 and featured performances by various artists including Tori Kelly, CeCe Winans and Brett Young.

Artistry

Yearwood possesses an alto vocal range. Yearwood has stated she particularly enjoys singing harmonies, expounding, "Because I could read music, I was always the one in the school chorus who got the alto part because I could read. I'm never singing the melody and always singing the harmony in church." Her musical tastes originated from classic artists her parents listened to. This included Elvis Presley, Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn, and Tammy Wynette. However, as Yearwood developed into her teenage years, she developed a liking for country rock artists such as Allman Brothers and James Taylor. She also cited the Eagles and Gordon Lightfoot as influences.

According to Yearwood, her primary musical influence is Linda Ronstadt. She discovered her music after her parents bought her Ronstadt's studio album Simple Dreams. Yearwood commented to the Wall Street Journal that while Ronstadt's music was considered pop, her phrasing and emotional style appeared country. Music critics and writers have drawn similarities between Ronstadt and Yearwood's voice. In an interview for Ronstadt's album Feels Like Home, Peter Galvin of Rolling Stone commented, "Listening to Yearwood's new album, Thinkin' About You, you would sometimes swear you were hearing Ronstadt circa 1976. Yearwood's voice is thinner and more pliable than Ronstadt's, but both resort to a hearty squawk when passion takes them over, and both possess low honey tones." She also reported to be influenced by Emmylou Harris.

Yearwood's musical style has been considered "country pop" and "adult contemporary". Additionally, her artistic choices have been considered unique from writers because of song choice and quality. When ranking her "top 10" songs, staff from The Boot magazine explained her musical quality, "Yearwood has carved out a very successful and unique niche for herself by finding some of the highest-quality songs in the genre, then recording them in arrangements that bring them to life in a way that is sonically different from any other artist in the commercial country marketplace." Laura McClellan of Taste of Country explained that it is Yearwood's diverse musical styles that make her music quality and career successful. McClellan also noted, "Her songs have shaped country music — particularly for female artists — for decades."

Philanthropy
Yearwood has participated in various philanthropic events. She recorded a version of "My Favorite Things" for the Sears "Heroes at Home" program in 2008. The song was available for download via the Sears website. The project supported the families of service men and women during the Christmas holiday season. Yearwood has been an active member of the charity home building group Habitat for Humanity. Yearwood first joined with husband Garth Brooks in 2006. They assisted in the Hurricane Katrina disaster relief by building flood walls in New Orleans and protective structures in Mississippi. Between May 2 to 10, 2009, Yearwood participated in "National Women Build Week" near her home in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The project saw two hundred crews of women learn to build houses in Atlanta, Georgia and Oklahoma. For the project, Yearwood learned to construct and build simple and affordable houses for Habitat for Humanity construction sites nationwide. On Mother's Day, Yearwood, her sister, mother and niece joined the project as well. Many of these Habitat for Humanity projects have been collaborations with former president Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn Carter.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Yearwood and her husband Garth Brooks performed an informal concert broadcast on Facebook Live. The website crashed multiple times as an estimated 5.2 million streamed the broadcast. As a result of this, Brooks and Yearwood performed a concert in the same format the following week, broadcast live on CBS, along with a donation of $1 million to relief efforts. The CBS special scored an estimated 5.6 million viewers.

Reminding Georgans that their vote matters, Yearwood encouraged voters in the state to participate in the December 6, 2020 runoff election between GOP nominee Herschel Walker and Senator Raphael Warnock, directing voters to non-partisan voter advocate organization VoteRiders for information and assistance with voter ID requirements.

Personal life

Yearwood married her first husband, Chris Latham, in 1987. The pair divorced in 1991. In 1994, she married Robert Reynolds, a bassist for The Mavericks. During their marriage, the couple lived in a log cabin-styled home in Hendersonville, Tennessee. The pair divorced in 1999 after five years of marriage. Yearwood commented that the separation was "difficult" in a 1999 interview with Country Weekly, "Since I do hang on to the past with my fingernails, divorce was difficult...It's a serious decision involving someone you're tied to emotionally, so it's hard to move on. And it's easy to drag things out so you don't have to face people talking about you."

Yearwood and Garth Brooks had been friends and musical partners before romantically seeing each other. According to Brooks, his first encounter with Yearwood felt like "that feeling when you just meet your wife". During this period, Yearwood and Brooks were both married to other people. For these reasons, they remained friends during the first half of their careers. Following Brooks's divorce and Yearwood's second divorce, the two began dating around 2000. They became engaged in 2005 when Brooks proposed to Yearwood onstage amidst a crowd of 7,000 in Bakersfield, California. The pair married on December 10, 2005. The wedding took place at the couple's home in Owasso, Oklahoma. Brooks's three children were also part of the wedding ceremony.

According to Yearwood, the pair made a commitment not to spend time apart. It is estimated by Yearwood that the couple spends about five days away from each other per year. In an interview with People Magazine she explained this further, "We really have made a conscious effort since getting married to not be apart, so we've toured together. If I'm doing something, he'll be with me, even if you don't see him, he'll be in the hotel or around...And we're not always together, but we've been married before, and we decided we don't want to be apart. So [we said] let's make an effort to make sure that's our priority and we've been able to do it." She became a stepmother to Brooks's three children following their marriage. In a 2017 interview, Yearwood explained her new role, "I had no idea what I was doing. I have to say that now as these girls have grown—they're adults now on their own—it's been a part of my life that I would have never would have even known to dream about and it's been so rewarding to get to be a part of this family."

Discography

Studio albumsTrisha Yearwood (1991)Hearts in Armor (1992)The Song Remembers When (1993)The Sweetest Gift (1994)Thinkin' About You (1995)Everybody Knows (1996)Where Your Road Leads (1998)Real Live Woman (2000)Inside Out (2001)Jasper County (2005)Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love (2007)PrizeFighter: Hit After Hit (2014)Christmas Together  (2016)Let's Be Frank (2018)Every Girl (2019)

 Filmography

Awards

Yearwood has received many awards and nominations. This includes 3 Grammy Awards, 3 Academy of Country Music awards, 3 Country Music Association awards, and 1 Daytime Emmy award.

Books
 Georgia Cooking in an Oklahoma Kitchen (2008)
 Home Cooking with Trisha Yearwood (2010)
 Trisha's Table (2015)
 Trisha's Kitchen (2021)''

References

External links

Official UMG Nashville Artist Page

1964 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
American country singer-songwriters
American women country singers
American television actresses
American television personalities
American women television personalities
Belmont University alumni
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Country pop musicians
Grammy Award winners
Grand Ole Opry members
Living people
People from Monticello, Georgia
Big Machine Records artists
Members of the Country Music Association
MCA Records artists
RCA Records Nashville artists
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actresses from Georgia (U.S. state)
American cookbook writers
Food Network chefs
University of Georgia alumni
Women cookbook writers
Young Harris College alumni
21st-century American women singers
Ballad musicians
American women non-fiction writers
20th-century American women singers
American contraltos
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)

Trisha Yearwood


David Massengill (born 1951, Bristol, Tennessee) is an American folk singer-songwriter, guitar and Appalachian dulcimer player. Massengill considers Dave Van Ronk his mentor, and is fond of quoting Van Ronk's tribute "he takes the dull out of dulcimer" in performance and as the title of his frequent workshops on the instrument. Massengill owns and plays dulcimers carved by Edsel Martin (1927–1999) from North Carolina. Massengill's best-known songs include: "On The Road to Fairfax County", recorded by The Roches and by Joan Baez; "The Great American Dream," performed with Joan Baez and others at a tribute to Mike Porco, former owner of the famed Greenwich Village club Gerde's Folk City; and "My Name Joe", about an illegal immigrant restaurant worker. For some years after he began recording, Massengill maintained a day job as a restaurant dishwasher. He also contributed his poignant dulcimer-centered version of "The Crucifixion" to 2001's multi-artist double-disc tribute to Phil Ochs, What's That I Hear.

In addition to his skills as a singer-songwriter, guitarist, and both virtuoso and educator on the appalachian dulcimer, he is also a prolific author-illustrator of pocket-sized children's books and has performed and recorded children's music.  Massengill toured frequently with long-time friend and fellow songwriter Jack Hardy as a duo called the Folk Brothers, until Hardy's death in 2011.  As a music educator, Massengill is famed for presenting his "Taking the Dull out of Dulcimer" workshops at festivals and music gatherings around North America, and is one of the instrument's prime proponents in the field of melding traditional and contemporary music styles (including alternate tunings); and is a mentor to many in the dulcimer and folk community in general.

Massengill wrote the score for an unreleased film Boudica Bites Back directed by English filmmaker Ken Russell with additional songs by Lisi Tribble, produced by Steve Sullivan.

Massengill was awarded the Kate Wolf Memorial Award by the World Folk Music Association in 2003.

In 2016, the Southern Folklife Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill invited Massengill to contribute his works to their archive, alongside collections of works by Dave Van Ronk, Bill Morrissey, and Mike Seeger.

Discography
 Coming Up for Air (1992)
 The Return (1995)
 Twilight the Taj Mahal (1998)
 Various Artists – What's That I Hear (Phil Ochs tribute) (2001)
 My Home Must Be A Special Place (2002)
 We Will Be Together (2006)
 Dave on Dave  (2007)

References

External links
 Official web site

1951 births
Living people
People from Bristol, Tennessee
American male singers
American folk singers
American folk musicians
Songwriters from Tennessee
Appalachian dulcimer players
Fast Folk artists
Flying Fish Records artists
American male songwriters

David Massengill


Lycaena hyllus, the bronze copper, is a butterfly of the lycaenids family found in North America.

Description
The upperside has a brown background with golden zig-zag borders along the margins of the hindwings. Females have lighter areas in the forewings with several dark spots within the lighter areas. The undersides are primarily white with dark spots and underlying orange areas. The wingspan is 23 to 38 mm.

Range
It is widespread from Alberta to northern Nevada in the west through to the east coasts of Canada and the United States. This butterfly's range is similar to that of the Lycaena heteronea, especially in Alberta. It is listed as a species of special concern in the US state of Connecticut.

Host plants
Their hosts are plants of the family Polygonaceae, especially Water dock and curled dock.

Adult plants
Adults have been observed feeding from blackberry and red clover.

References

External links

 Lycaena at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera

hyllus
Butterflies of North America
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
Butterflies described in 1775

Lycaena hyllus


Tropical Storm Nari was a Storm that devastated Japan.

Storm history
On the afternoon of July 23, a tropical disturbance was formed in the southern waters of Japan, and the US Naval Research Laboratory gave a disturbance number of 91W. Soon after, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center rated the system "low" and upgraded to "Medium" at 10 am.
At 5 am on July 24, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical depression. At 8 o'clock in the morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a gale warning, and the Central Meteorological Bureau of Taiwan upgraded it to a tropical depression, giving the number 11. At 11 am, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical depression. In the afternoon, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the rating to "High" and issued a tropical cyclone warning.
At 10 am on July 25, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded it to a tropical depression, giving the tropical cyclone number 07W. At 9 pm, the combined typhoon warning center upgraded the system to a tropical storm.

At 8 am on July 26, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical storm. At 9 o'clock in the morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical storm, giving the international number 1906 and named it "Nari." The Hong Kong Observatory downgraded Nari to a tropical depression at 2 am on July 27 and downgraded it to a low pressure zone at 2 pm. At 6 o'clock in the morning, Nari landed in the south of Mie Prefecture, Japan. At 3 pm, the Japan Meteorological Agency downgraded to a tropical depression. On the morning of July 28, Nari completely dissipated.

Damage and impact
The city of Wakayama recorded rainfall of 47.5 millimeters in an hour through to 9:05 a.m. A maximum instantaneous wind speed of 25 meters per second was registered at the cape of Shionomisaki in Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, at around 5:20 a.m.

The storm, which was downgraded to a tropical depression at around 3 p.m., was projected to travel across the Tokai central region before reaching the seas east of the Kanto region by Sunday morning.

The agency warned residents in the Tokai and Kanto-Koshinetsu regions to be on high alert for heavy rain.

Heavy rain and gusty winds spread across central Honshu through Saturday. Localized downpours will also spread over eastern Shikoku.

References

Nari

Tropical Storm Nari


Caricature is a book collection of nine comic short stories by Daniel Clowes. In contrast to earlier Clowes collections such as Lout Rampage! and Orgy Bound, Caricature concentrates on the more naturalistic, character-focused side of Clowes's output displayed in Ghost World. It includes some of his most admired short stories, including "Immortal, Invisible", "Gynecology" and the title story. All the material in the collection originally appeared in Clowes's comic book Eightball with the exception of "Green Eyeliner", which was published in Esquire.

Caricature was first published by Fantagraphics Books in 1998 in a deluxe hardcover edition. A less expensive paperback version was released in 2002. Both editions contain a mixture of full-color and black-and-white material.

Contents
 "Caricature"
 "Blue Italian Shit"
 "The Gold Mommy"
 "MCMLXVI"
 "Like a Weed, Joe"
 "Immortal, Invisible"
 "Green Eyeliner"
 "Gynecology"
 "Black Nylon"

Comics by Daniel Clowes
1998 books
1998 in comics
Caricature

Caricature (comics)


Fernanda de Freitas Sahdo (born February 25, 1980) is a Brazilian actress.

Career

Fernanda was a ballet teacher for 14 years. At age 19, she quit the gym where she worked as a ballet teacher and left her hometown of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, to go and live in Rio de Janeiro. In Rio, she began her career as one of the Zodiac Girls Planeta Xuxa program in 2000. She has done numerous advertising campaigns, working as a Ford agency model and studying theater at Casa de Arte das Laranjeiras.

She has made the cover of Melee and did a test site for the Paparazzo.

Fernanda debuted as an actress in the Coração de Estudante, the role of Heloísa. Then in 2003 she took over the presentation of TV Globinho, along with other actresses.

On television, Fernando de Freitas also participated, novels Kubanacan (2003), Como uma Onda (2004), Bang Bang (2005), Pé na Jaca (2006), Negócio da China (2008).

The actress was in the A Turma do Didi, in the Malhação series, Casos e Acasos (2008), S.O.S. Emergência (2009/2010), in the special Por Toda a Minha Vida (2008), in the program Cilada (2009), in the miniseries Decamerão - A Comédia do Sexo (2009), Programa Piloto (2009).

In film, Fernanda debuted in Cidade Baixa (2005). Then he Zuzu Angel (2006), Tropa de Elite (2007), A Casa da Mãe Joana (2008), of Malu de Bicicleta (2011).

In the theater, Fernanda de Freitas served on A Ver Estrelas (2008).

In 2011, Fernanda de Freitas on the show Tapas & Beijos and continues to play Ensina-me a Viver, on display since 2008.

Filmography

Television

Film

Theater

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
People from São José do Rio Preto
Brazilian television actresses
Brazilian telenovela actresses
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian stage actresses

Fernanda de Freitas


The Palazzo Paradiso is a Renaissance palace located on Via Scienze #17 in the medieval center of Ferrara, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Adjacent to the historic Jewish ghetto of Ferrara, it houses:
Anatomical Theater of Ferrara
Sala Ariosto—mausoleum of the writer Ludovico Ariosto
Biblioteca Comunale Ariostea—a historical library and archive of Ferrara

History
The palace was erected in 1391 by Alberto V d'Este on the occasion of his marriage with Giovanna de Roberti. Like a number of other Quattrocento palaces, such as the Schifanoia and the Belfiore, the building was frescoed by Antonio Alberti, here depicting scenes of courtly life and romances. He also painted a large fresco, now destroyed, of Paradise for the 1437–38 ecumenical council, during which the palace housed the emperor of Constantinople (John VIII Palaiologos) and Pope Eugene IV. Of the former three loggias of the palace, only one remains.

In the 15th century, the palace had only one floor. In 1567, the dukes converted the building to house university offices, and a second floor was added by Giovanni Battista Aleotti, who also relocated the facade to the via delle Scienze, where the portal was surmounted by a small clock tower, designed (1610) by Alessandro Balbi and Aleotti.

Anatomical Theater

In 1731, the anatomist Giacinto Agnelli and the architect Francesco Mazzarelli constructed the still existing anatomical theatre. The shape echoes elements of the theaters in Padua (1594) and the Archiginnasio of Bologna (1636). The room is octagonal and illuminated by four large windows. Separate entrances allow for the entry of students, teachers, and cadavers. In 1831, the medical faculty moved to the Arcispedale Santa Anna, and the theater was relegated to chemistry lessons.

Sala Ariosto
In 1801, the relics of Ludovico Ariosto were moved from the then-deconsecrated church of San Benedetto to a refurbished mausoleum within the palace, commissioned by a grandson of the poet and designed by Aleotti, which is now called the Sala Ariosto.

The grand staircase in the building was designed by Foschini. The ceiling of the Sala Ariosto is frescoed, and in the cornice medallions depict the founders of the library. On a niche with polychrome marble rise four columns and an alabaster bust of the poet. Surmounted by garlands of fruit, the monument is flanked by statues of Poetry and Fame.

Biblioteca Ariostea

The library, founded in 1750 and refurbished in 1801, according to a plaque in the reading room, is dedicated to manuscripts and publications related to local writers such as Ariosto, Tasso, Monti, Govoni, Caretti, and Quilici. The collection has nearly 400,000 objects. The restored reading room is now dedicated to the bibliophile Giovanni Maria Riminaldi.

References

External links

Buildings and structures completed in 1591
Houses completed in the 14th century
Houses completed in the 17th century
paradisi
Renaissance architecture in Ferrara
Baroque architecture in Ferrara
Neoclassical architecture in Emilia-Romagna
Museums in Ferrara

Palazzo Paradiso


Nalini by Day, Nancy by Night is a 2005 documentary film by filmmaker Sonali Gulati.

This film explores business process outsourcing in India. Told from the perspective of an Indian living in the United States, the film provides a glimpse into India's call centers,
where telemarketers acquire American names and accents to service the telephone-support industry of the U.S. The film incorporates animation as a way to build in personal narrative in a doodle-like manner. It also includes live action footage which takes the form of cinema verité and innovatively edited interviews, and archival footage that provides contextual analysis to the socio-political history of globalization and capitalism. The film is a commentary on identity in the new millennium that intersects diaspora with global outsourcing. It was first shown at the 2005 Margaret Mead Film Festival.

See also
Bombay Calling

References

External links
Official website

2005 films
English-language Indian films
Documentary films about globalization
2005 short documentary films
Documentary films about India
Outsourcing in India
2000s business films
2000s English-language films

Nalini by Day, Nancy by Night


Carcuma Conservation Park (formerly Carcuma National Park) is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia in the locality of Carcuma about  south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about  north-east of the town of Coonalpyn.

The conservation park consists of crown land in section 23 of the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Carcuma. It acquired protected area status as the Carcuma National Park on 28 August 1969 by proclamation under the National Parks Act 1966. On 27 April 1972, it was reconstituted as the Carcuma Conservation Park upon the proclamation of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. As of 2016, it covered an area of .

In 1980, it was described as follows:Carcuma is a moderately large park featuring mallee heath vegetation representative of the original vegetation which once covered much of the region. The park displays a wide diversity of flora and fauna. Carcuma Conservation Park is situated on an undulating plain featuring large stabilized sand ridges and numerous small depressions. The dominant vegetation associations are Banksia ornata / Casuarina sp / Xanthorrhoea australis open heath with Eucalyptus incrassata mallee scrub. Discrete areas of E. leucoxylon and E. baxteri open forest are found in depressions and on the lee side of dunes respectively. This park is in a relatively undisturbed condition with cultural and disturbed natural surrounds. Access is limited to 4-wheel drive vehicles. This and its size affords added protection from disturbance.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area. In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

See also
Protected areas of South Australia

References

External links
Carcuma Conservation Park webpage on the Protected Planet website

Conservation parks of South Australia
Protected areas established in 1969
1969 establishments in Australia
South Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate

Carcuma Conservation Park


Bo Min Gaung (; 2 May 1880 – 5 September 1952) also known as Aung Min Gaung () was a prominent 20th century weizza, or wizard, who lived at Mount Popa. He is associated with Dhammazedi, a prominent king of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom of ancient Myanmar in the 15th century.

Early life and career
Bo Min Gaung was born Maung Bo Aung on 2 May 1880 (Sunday, 10th waxing of Kason 1242 ME) at 10:00 AM in Sin Myint Village, east of Mount Popa, Kyaukpadaung Township, Mandalay Region, Konbaung Dynasty, Burma to parents U Maung Pu and Daw Min Thit. He was second son of five siblings. He had one older brother, two younger brother and one younger sister. His siblings names are U Bo Thaung, U Htun Maung, U Bo Saung and Daw Wai Myint.

He became a novice monk when he was young and became a monk when he was an adult. The name of his monk life is U Arseinna (ဦးအာစိဏ္ဏ).
He used to travel often and returned to his hometown. He used to reach his destination in a short time. So, many people thought that he was skilled in magic.

After three Vassa of monastic life, he left the monkhood. He came back to the village under the name Min Khaung and he didn't answer the relatives' questions fluently. Relatives thought he was crazy. He did extraordinary things to break his relatives' opinions. Such as bringing the chicken back to life, riding a log in the river and climbing upstream, treating a wild tiger as a pet cat and playing with it, driving a broken car from Mount Popa to Kyaukpadaung, walking in the Irrawaddy River, sleeping on a banana leaf on a banana tree, making himself two, quickly knowing the thoughts of others, uprooting a big tree with one hand, not smelling bad even though he didn't shower, being able to live without food for four or five months.

After that, he moved from village and lived in Mount Popa. Police chief U Kywat arrested him on suspicion and put him in Kyaukpadaung prison. About a month later, he left the prison without opening the prison door and without losing the lock.

He distributed "first sectarian exhortation letter" (ပထမမန်ဂိုဏ်းတော်ကြီးလုံ့ဆော်စာ). In the letter, he wrote

He spread the good news and people from over eighty cities and four thousand villages built nine cubits pagodas. In 1952, he built a pagoda named "Pyi Lone Chan Thar Kat Kyaw" (lit. "rich whole country and overcome calamities") on the Mount Popa.

Bo Min Gaung died at Mount Popa on 5 September 1952 (Friday, 2nd waning of Tawthalin 1314 ME) at 4:20 PM. That day had been celebrating as the annual "the day that Bo Min Gaung left" (အဘထွက်ပွဲနေ့).

In his previous life, he had been King Okkalapa and U Ba Oo, the owner of the rice mill had been Min Nanda. So, it did not appear on the camera of most of the people who took pictures of Bo Min Gaung, but only on U Ba Oo camera.

The Dhammazedi Gaing consider him as their founder and master, as well as the future Buddha or a future king. However, this is not a standard belief in mainstream Burmese Buddhism. In addition to believing that he will be reincarnated as a powerful leader in the future, the Dhammazedi Gaing also believe that he inhabits the bodies of living persons, whose bodies he speaks through and advises his followers on how to live a Buddhist life. Thus, he is considered as an immortal in traditional Burmese Buddhism and his statues are often featured on Burmese altars.

Family members with people
Bo Min Gaung, also known as Aba Bo Min Gaung, had been accepted by most people as a family member. For older than 40 years old, he is their Aba (means Father, and also Father's brother or term to call peer age with Father or Dad.). For young age between 1 and over 30, he is their grand, grand aba, granddad, and protector. Mostly founded in villages of Myanmar (Burma). And also people in other states or territories, they known him as a powerful soul or human, but mostly accepted as a relative.

Respect from people
People, they also respect to Aba Bo Min Gaung, who gain success in meditation(Burmese :၀ိပသနာ). All People bow to him for giving respect to him.

Relation with Buddha
Aba Bo Min Gaung is also Buddhist which official religion of Myanmar (Burma). He really believe in Buddha, and Buddha's Dhammas. His ambition is to be a part of Buddhist, and Listen or follow Buddha's Dhammas when upcoming Buddha appear again in future.

Burmese nationalist movement
Bo Min Gaung is associated with the Burmese nationalist movement.

Powers
Most people in Burma believe that he can protect them, give dreams to them, and even give money or wealth by using his powers otherwise, by using his soul.

References

Bibliography

External links
Who are Weizzars and their path in Buddhism?

Burmese folk religion
Weizzas
20th-century Burmese people

Bo Min Gaung


Levantinization is a term used in different contexts to describe non-European cultural influences in the lands of the former Ottoman Empire. The term often carries negative connotations. Cornell associate professor Deborah Starr uses the term to describe the fear of change to Israeli culture during the influx of Mizrahi Jews in the 1950s. In other contexts, the term has sometimes been used in an anti-Islamic context for the perceived "cultural contamination" of European values by "degenerate Levantine influences".

Srinivas Aravamudan describes it as  "a strategic deformation of orientalism's representational mechanisms". Aravamudan writes that "levantinizations indicate that agency can be found in a number of guises and forms, sometimes within orientalism itself".

Constantinople

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Letters from the Levant were written to well known persons of historical note like Lady Mar, Abbé Conti and Alexander Pope while her husband served as ambassador to Constantinople in the early 18th century. Her letters were first published in 1763.

Scholars have argued that Montagu complicates the concepts of "Eurocentrism and authoritarianism" emphasized by Edward Said, as challenges the binary conception of Eastern and Western cultures. Aravamudan argues that Montagu's levantinization, as he calls it, "demonstrates the ambivalence and the malleability of orientalist topologies".

According to Aravamudan's analysis of the letters, Montagu writes from "a secular anthropologizing stance towards cultures", which he says is a feature of post-Renaissance values that take in stride the "arbitrary norms that undergird cultural meaning and identity". Aravamudan says this viewpoint from which Montagu composed her letters "replaces the existing bias of a simple ethnocentricism in favor of the observer's culture with an eclectic relativism". Arvamudan believes that underlying this is the author's own feeling of being alienated from their home culture.

Israel
As early as the mid-1930s fears of a loss of Jewish character had given way to a campaign against the so-called Levantinization of Tel Aviv. At the 25th anniversary of the city's founding in 1934 Hayyim Nahman Bialik said "A great danger faces our Tel Aviv, that it will become a levantine city, like other coastal cities." That same year Meir Dizengoff said "it develops into a noisy city, a wild levantine city, as if its residents were not the great-grandchildren of the ancestors whose feet stood on Mount Sinai and as if the Tel Avivan public is not entirely Jewish and civilized". Not all residents shared these concerns, some citing the examples of Berlin and Warsaw, European cities where anti-Semitism had thrived, as poor examples to follow.

For the Ashkenazim the term Levantinization represented some cultural traits that were seen as threatening to the idea of Western modernity and by extension the core values of Israeli society. These included speaking Yiddish, wearing traditional clothing and certain types of religious thought. The Shinui party, founded by Yosef Lapid, who has been described as "Eurocentric, chauvinistic and anti-Mizrahi", viewed Levantinization as a threat to the existence of the state of Israel, along with the Haredim, Palestinians, and similar cultural influences of Russification and Orientalization. Lapid has said:

Levantiniut is a thin layer of European varnish spread over Mizrahi decadence. And under the Levantine tranquility, the lava of Arab nationalism and Islamic fundamentalism is simmering. We don't have anything to look for in this culture and we have no reason to yearn for it. Israel exists thanks to her being a western state, a state of high tech, a country that has adapted itself to the values of European culture and the concepts of Anglo Saxon democracy which are the total contrast to Levantine contamination.

Baruch Kimmerling wrote:
The mass immigration of non-European Jews had the potential to fundamentally change the system through 'Levantinization', and, from the perspective of the European veterans, to downgrade it to the 'low quality' of the surrounding Arab states and societies. In stereotypical terms, these immigrants were perceived as possessing a certain premodern biblical Jewish authenticity, although at the same time seen as aggressive, alcoholic, cunning, immoral, lazy, noisy, and unhygienic.

Egyptian-Israeli novelist Jacqueline Kahanoff has described herself as a "typical Levantine in that I appreciate equally what I inherited from my Oriental origins and what is now mine of Western culture". Kahanoff says that she finds the cultural cross fertilization "an enrichment and not an impoverishment", despite the negative label of "Levantinization" attached to the phenomenon in Israel.

References

Anti-Arabism in Israel
Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment
Anti-Mizrahi sentiment
Anti-Palestinian sentiment in Israel
Eurocentrism
Israeli culture
Mizrahi Jewish culture in Israel
Orientalism
Racism in Israel

Levantinization


The Hound of the Baskervilles is a 1959 British mystery horror movie directed by Terence Fisher and was based on the 1902 novel of the same name by Arthur Conan Doyle and was the first adaption to be made in colour. It stars Peter Cushing, Christopher Lee, André Morell, Marla Landi, David Oxley, Miles Malleson, Sam Kydd, Helen Goss, Ewen Solon and was distributed by United Artists.

Plot
Dr. Richard Mortimer recounts to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson the legend of the ghost hound that killed the devilish Sir Hugo Baskerville for his murder of the daughter of a servant. He asks Holmes to investigate the death of his friend Sir Charles Baskerville, in Dartmoor, from heart failure, lying in the moor surrounding his estate, Baskerville Hall, with a look of horror on his face. Mortimer fears for the life of Sir Henry, who's just come from South Africa to take possession of his inheritance and of Baskerville Hall.

Although sceptical, Holmes and Watson accept to meet Sir Henry, who is young and bold, but in truth suffers from a congenital heart problem. A incident with a tarantula convinces Holmes that Sir Henry's life is indeed in danger, and, busy with a prior commitment, he chooses to despatch Watson to Dartmoor with Mortimer and Sir Henry. Holmes reminds Sir Henry not to go out onto the nearby moor after dark.

On their way to Baskerville Hall, the trio is warned by the coach driver Perkins that a murderous convict named Selden has escaped from nearby Dartmoor Prison and is hiding on the moor. At Baskerville Hall, Sir Henry gets acquainted with his new house, helped by the butler, Mr. Barrymore, and his wife. On the walls stands a portrait Sir Hugo. A second portrait of Sir Hugo is missing, and the Barrymores are unable to offer any explanation.

The next day, Sir Henry and Watson walk around to see the neighborhood. At the nearby village, they meet the comedic local pastor, Bishop Frankland, who is also a keen entomologist. While crossing the moor, Watson finds the Grimpen Mire and Watson gets trapped in a patch of quicksand. Two people come to help, a man named Stapleton and his daughter Cecille, a wild girl who immediately bewitches Sir Henry.

One night, Watson sees a light in the moor. He and Sir Henry go out to investigate, but a strange man rushes by in the shadows, then a distant hound howls, upsetting Sir Henry so much that he suffers a heart condition. Watson spots a man silhouetted on a hill in the distance, while he helps Sir Henry back to Baskerville Hall. Watson finds the silhouetted figure to be Holmes, who has concealed his own arrival to investigate more freely. After his death, Holmes and Watson find the corpse of the convict Selden, mutilated in a ritual, while wearing clothes belonging to Sir Henry, and the legendary curved dagger used by Sir Hugo. This clue exposes the Barrymores, who confess to have helped the escapee, who was their relative, by supplying food and other provisions each time he signalled with a light from his hideout. However, Holmes has evidence that neither the Barrymores nor Selden are connected to the death of Sir Charles, so he keeps on searching for clues to confirm the existence of the mysterious hound and the identity of its masters.

Facing personal danger in an abandoned copper mine, and thanks to the stolen portrait of Sir Hugo, Holmes is able to guess the Stapletons are illegitimate descendants of Sir Hugo and are next in line to inherit the Baskerville fortune and mansion if all of the Baskervilles perish. Holmes deduces this after questioning Barrymore about the missing portrait; it was stolen because it revealed the fingers on Sir Hugo's right hand were webbed just like Stapleton's. Cecile takes Sir Henry out onto the same place where, according to the legend, the ghost hound had killed Sir Hugo. Holmes and Watson arrive just in time to hear Cecile reveal her intentions to a horrified Sir Henry. The dog attacks Sir Henry. Stapleton attacks with the dagger, but Watson shoots and wounds him. Holmes shoots the dog; it then turns on Stapleton and mauls him to death. Cecille flees after Holmes kills the beast, revealing it to be a Great Dane wearing a hideous mask to make it look more terrifying. Cecile accidentally falls into the mire and sinks to her death. Holmes and Watson take a shocked Sir Henry back to Baskerville Hall.

Writing
There are several significant changes in plot details. Among them:
 The legend of the hound and Hugo Baskerville is heavily changed. In the original novel, the father of the farm girl who is kidnapped by Sir Hugo Baskerville is away when Hugo kidnaps her. In the film, the father is a servant of Hugo's and is cruelly abused when he protests for his daughter's life. Baskerville tortures the father by holding him over a fire in the hearth. In the novel, after the girl escapes, Baskerville chased her across the moor and Baskerville's companions followed him only to find Hugo and the farm girl dead. She had died from fear and exhaustion, and Hugo had been killed by the hound. In the film, Baskerville, all by himself against the protests of his companions, pursues the girl through the moor, his hounds and horse become frightened as they approach the nearby abbey ruins due to the sound of the hound howling but he dismounts and pursues the girl on foot, finds her and assaults her in a rage before he kills her with a curved dagger. Hugo is killed by the dog.
 Sir Henry arrives from Toronto in the novel, while he arrives from Johannesburg in the film. Sir Henry does not suffer a minor heart condition in the novel, as he does in the film.
 There is nothing involving a ritual sacrifice, a tarantula or a mine shaft in the novel, nor is Holmes thought to have been accidentally trapped in a cave-in. There is no attempt on the life of Sir Henry at the hotel in the novel, as in this film.
 Rather than being Stapleton's daughter, Miss Stapleton is Stapleton's wife in the novel and is playing the part of his sister. She does not hate Sir Henry, as she does in the film, and is a far more sympathetic character in both the novel and in nearly all the other film versions of the story. Cecil in the novel is named Beryl and is an unwilling participant. In the film, she is much more sinister. Miss Stapleton survives in the novel, whereas in the film she drowns in the Grimpen Mire.
 Inspector Lestrade, who appears in the novel, is omitted from the film.
 In the novel, the hound is made to look "demonic" through the use of phosphorus paint, but in the film the same effect is accomplished with a mask. The hound was played by a brindled Great Dane.
 The painting next to the staircase does not go missing in the novel, as Stapleton's webbed hand is a creation of the filmmakers.
 In the novel, Frankland is neither a bishop nor an entomologist. It is Stapleton, rather than Frankland, who is an acknowledged expert in entomology in the novel.
 Stapleton does not get mauled to death after being shot by Watson in the novel; he simply disappears and is presumed to have drowned in the Grimpen Mire.
 Dr. Mortimer is never put in charge of watching over Sir Henry in the novel; therefore he is not considered negligent by Watson when Sir Henry ventures out onto the moor alone. Mortimer in the novel is an "amiable, unambitious, absent-minded" doctor in his late twenties. The film's version is much older and is made deliberatley unlikable from the start as a red herring.

The Conan Doyle Estate did not approve of the changes made to suit Hammer's more horror-centric success. Cushing, however, took no objection to the changes as he felt the character of Holmes remained intact.

Casting
Cushing was an aficionado of Sherlock Holmes and brought his knowledge to the project. He reread the stories, made detailed notes in his script and sought to portray Holmes closer to his literary counterpart. It was Cushing's suggestion that the mantlepiece feature Holmes' correspondence transfixed to it with a jackknife as per the original stories. However, when producer Anthony Hinds suggested excluding the famous deerstalker Cushing objected, saying Holmes' headgear and pipes would be expected by the audience. Cushing scrutinised the costumes and screenwriter Peter Bryan's script, often altering words or phrases. Lee later claimed to be awestruck by Cushing's ability to incorporate many different props and actions into his performance simultaneously, whether reading, smoking a pipe, drinking whiskey, filing through papers or other things while portraying Holmes. Morell was particularly keen that his portrayal of Watson should be closer to that originally depicted in Conan Doyle's stories, and away from the bumbling stereotype established by Nigel Bruce's interpretation of the role.

David Oxley had an extraordinarily powerful voice that he used to great effect, being able to fill an auditorium without the aid of microphones, and seen to best effect as Hugo Baskerville.

References

Other websites

1959 horror movies
1950s mystery movies
British horror movies
British mystery movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Terence Fisher

The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 movie)


Mary Elizabeth Gore (née Aitcheson; born August 19, 1948), known as Tipper Gore, is an author, photographer, writer, and educator who served as the Second Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, as the wife of Vice President Al Gore.

Early life and education
Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson was born on August 19, 1948 in Washington D.C. to John Aitcheson Jr. and Margaret Carlson Aitcheson. She later grew up in Arlington, Virginia and she was later raised by both her mother and grandmother after her parents divorced.

She attended schools and universities such as, St. Stephens and St. Agnes School, Garland Junior College, Boston University, Vanderbilt University, and George Peabody College. Aitcheson later pursued and graduated with both a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts.

Marriage and family
Aitcheson met Al Gore at his senior prom in 1965 and they began dating afterwards. On May 19, 1970, they married at the Washington National Cathedral. They have four children named, Karenna, Kristin, Sarah, and Albert Gore lll.

Second Lady of the United States (1993–2001)
Gore assumed the role and duties as the second lady of the United States on January 20, 1993 succeeding, Marilyn Quayle when her husband inaugurated as the 45th vice president of the United States. As second lady, Tipper served as the mental health policy advisor to the president. Her goals were to destroy the stigma surrounding mental illness and to bring awareness to the need for affordable mental health care. In 1999, she hosted the first White House conference on mental health. That same year, she launched the National Mental Health Awareness Campaign to encourage Americans to seek treatment for mental illness.

Along with her work in mental health, Gore was a part of several other initiatives during her time as second lady. Tipper visited a refugee camp and an orphanage in Zaire on a personal trip to provide aid in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide. She stayed in a United Nations camp to assist doctors and aid workers and also made an official visit to Honduras in 1998 following Hurricane Mitch to volunteer, bring medical supplies, and to survive the damage.

Gore was actively involved in her presidential campaign in 2000, making her own campaign stops and media appearances. She also acted as an advisor and hired Tony Coelho as chairman in part of her husband's presidential campaign. Her husband lost and was defeated by George W. Bush in a close tie in the race, due to a Florida recount. Gore served as the second lady from 1993 until her husband's term ended in 2001.

References

Second Ladies of the United States
American photographers
1948 births
Living people
American LGBT rights activists
American lawyers
American political writers
American politicians
American psychologists
Boston University alumni
Democrats (United States)
Writers from Washington, D.C.

Tipper Gore


Christopher Chiyan Tin (born May 21, 1976) is an American composer of art music, often composed for film and video game soundtracks.  His work is primarily orchestral and choral, often with a world music influence.  He won two Grammy Awards for his classical crossover album Calling All Dawns.

Tin is perhaps best known for his choral piece Baba Yetu from the video game Civilization IV, which in 2011 became the first piece of video game music to win a Grammy Award. His Grammy win was considered a significant milestone for the critical acceptance of music from video games, and following his win the Recording Academy retitled their visual media categories to become more inclusive of video game soundtracks, before eventually creating a dedicated Grammy award for 'Best Score Soundtrack for Video Games and Other Interactive Media'.

Early life and education

Christopher Tin was raised in Palo Alto, California, by immigrant parents from Hong Kong. He worked on his undergraduate education at Stanford University with a brief period as an exchange student at the University of Oxford, double majoring in Music Composition and English Literature, and minoring in Art History.  During this period he supplemented his classical studies by participating in various jazz, musical theatre, and world music student groups.  He graduated in 1998, receiving a BA with Honors and continued to study at Stanford, receiving an MA in Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities (with an emphasis in film studies) in 1999.

In 1999 he was admitted to the Royal College of Music in London for their MMus in Composition for Screen program, and simultaneously received a Fulbright Scholarship, the first to be awarded for film scoring.  There he studied composition with Joseph Horovitz and orchestration with Julian Anderson, as well as conducting with Neil Thomson.  He graduated with Distinction, also winning the Joseph Horovitz composition prize as the student with the highest overall marks in his course.

Tin married Dyna Kau in 2013 and they have a daughter together, Penelope Rose, born in 2018.

Career

Early career (2000–2005)

While a student at the Royal College of Music, he completed his first commission, the string quartet 'Lacrymosa' for the US Embassy in London.  He also found his first professional employment as a staff arranger for Silva Screen Records; his job was to transcribe orchestral film scores (by John Williams, James Horner, John Barry and others) by ear so that they could be re-recorded by live orchestra for album release.

He moved to Los Angeles in 2000 and continued to arrange scores for Silva Screen Records to pay his way while searching for more permanent employment.  His first internship was with Hans Zimmer.  Subsequently, he found freelance work with composers Joel McNeely, who hired him to make synthesized mockups of his film scores for a series of Disney films; and John Ottman, who gave him some incidental music to write on X2: X-Men United.  He also worked for record producer Michael Brook, who took him to India on tour as a keyboardist.

In 2003 he participated in the Sundance Institute Film Music Lab where he met jazz pianist Billy Childs, who referred him for his first composing job: scoring a documentary for NY Times Television.  This led to a period of modest success writing music for New York-based documentary filmmakers (notably Oscar-nominee Deborah Dickson) and advertising clients (notably Puma).

Baba Yetu (2005)

Tin's biggest break came in 2005, when video game designer Soren Johnson, his former roommate at Stanford, asked him to compose the theme song for Civilization IV. Tin responded with "Baba Yetu", a choral, Swahili version of the Lord's Prayer recorded by his former a cappella group Stanford Talisman.  The song garnered a huge critical response, with over 20 reviewers of the game singling out the theme on IGN, GameSpy, and others.  The first live performance of the song took place on September 21, 2006, at the Hollywood Bowl, as part of a Video Games Live concert, featuring Stanford Talisman and conducted by Jack Wall.

Baba Yetu has achieved enormous popularity outside of the video game industry, and been performed at various venues and events around the world, including Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, Kennedy Center, The Dubai Fountain, and the New Year's Concert of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly.  Notable ensembles that have performed the song include the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Metropole Orchestra, Welsh National Opera, National Symphony Orchestra, US Navy Band, and various YouTube artists, including Peter Hollens, Alex Boye and the BYU Men's Chorus. It is also a popular competition piece: in 2014 the Welsh choir Côr CF1 won BBC Radio 3's Choir of the Year with their performance, and in 2018 the Angel City Chorale was awarded the Golden Buzzer by Olivia Munn for their rendition on season 13 of America's Got Talent.

It is also one of the most decorated pieces of video game music, holding the distinction of being the first piece of music written for a video game to be both nominated for, and win, a Grammy Award (at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in the "Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)" category).  Additionally it won Tin two awards at the GANG (Game Audio Network Guild) Awards in 2006, as well as two awards in the 10th Annual Independent Music Awards ("Best Song Used in Film/TV/Multimedia" and "Best World Beat Song").  It also entered Tin into the Guinness Book of World Records as the composer of the first video game theme to win a Grammy Award.

Calling All Dawns (2009–2014)
In 2009, Tin released his classical crossover album Calling All Dawns.  The album is a song-cycle in three uninterrupted movements: Day, Night, and Dawn (corresponding to life, death, and rebirth).  The twelve songs are sung in twelve languages, including Swahili, Polish, French, Persian, and Maori. The lyrics are taken from diverse sources, including the Torah, the Bhagavad Gita, Persian and Japanese poetry, and lyrics by contemporary writers. Appropriate vocal traditions are used in the performance of each song, and include African gospel, Beijing opera, medieval chants, and Irish keening.

The album won two Grammys in the 53rd Grammy Awards for Best Classical Crossover Album and Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) for the song "Baba Yetu", and was nominated for the 'Contemporary Classical Album' category at the 10th Annual Independent Music Awards.  It features performances by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (conducted by Lucas Richman), Soweto Gospel Choir, Lia, Aoi Tada, Kaori Omura (大村香織), Jia Ruhan, Dulce Pontes, Anonymous 4, Frederica von Stade, Sussan Deyhim, Stanford Talisman, and On Ensemble.

Despite the fact that Tin had never intended the work to be performed live, many ensembles have performed it.  The first concert was given by Derek Machan and the Waterford Union High School chorus in Waterford, WI.  Subsequently, on April 7, 2013, New York-based concert promoters Distinguished Concerts International New York did the first of multiple large-scale productions at the Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center, conducted by Jonathan Griffith and featuring original album artists Anonymous 4, Ron Ragin, Shayok Misha Chowdhury and Roopa Mahadevan.  On July 19, 2016, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra performed excerpts with the combined Angel City Chorale, Prima Vocal Ensemble and Lucis choirs at Cadogan Hall in London.  And on July 5, 2017, at the 70th Anniversary of the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod, Tin himself conducted the entire work with the Welsh National Opera Orchestra and a group of international soloists, including Elin Manahan Thomas, Nathalie Pires, Joel Virgel, and Nominjin, and a mass choir made up of singers from Wales, South Africa, Taiwan, and the United States.  The concert was filmed and subsequently broadcast on Welsh television station S4C.

The Drop That Contained the Sea (2014–2016)
Tin's second album, titled The Drop That Contained the Sea, premiered live at Carnegie Hall on April 13, 2014. It was performed by a combined chorus of multiple singing groups from around the United States, Canada, and England, as part of an all-Tin concert produced by Distinguished Concerts International New York. It consists of ten songs, each sung in a different language, beginning with Proto-Indo-European and including Bulgarian, Turkish, Mongolian, Xhosa, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit. The song cycle follows the water cycle much like Calling All Dawns followed the day and night cycle.

The album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios with Tin conducting the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and features guest performances by the Soweto Gospel Choir, Le Mystère des Voix Bulgares, Kardeş Türküler, Dulce Pontes, Nominjin, Roopa Mahadevan, Anonymous 4, the Angel City Chorale, and Norwegian chamber choir Schola Cantorum.  Upon release, it achieved #1 status on the Billboard Classical Charts.

Tin centered his first tour around the work, conducting it in three cities in the UK.  The European premiere was given on July 16, 2016, at the Barbican in York, with the Mowbray Orchestra and combined Angel City Chorale and Prima Vocal Ensemble choirs, followed by concerts at the Harrogate Music Festival, and in London with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.

Sogno di Volare (2016)
Tin returned to the Civilization franchise to compose the main theme for Civilization VI, a choral anthem called "Sogno di Volare" (The Dream of Flight) the text for which is commonly, yet erroneously attributed to Leonardo da Vinci's writings on flight. In reality the quotation is from the 1965 TV documentary "I, Leonardo Da Vinci" by John Secondari. Tin explained in a statement that he hoped the piece would capture the "essence of exploration; both the physical exploration of seeking new lands, but also the mental exploration of expanding the frontiers of science and philosophy."  The piece was given its world premiere in concert on July 19, 2016, at London's Cadogan Hall, conducted by the composer himself, and performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Angel City Chorale, Lucis and Prima Vocal Ensemble combined choirs.

To Shiver the Sky (2020)
Tin released his third album, To Shiver the Sky, in August 2020 on the Decca Gold label. Like his previous albums, the eleven tracks have lyrics in multiple languages based on existing texts, with a theme of the history of aviation, expanding from "Sogno di Volare". It was funded through Kickstarter in 2018, becoming the highest funded classical music project on Kickstarter.

The album, like the previous one, was recorded at Abbey Road Studios with Tin conducting the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and features guest performances by Danielle de Niese, Pene Pati, ModernMedieval Voices, Anna Lapwood, the Pembroke College Girls' Choir, the Royal Opera Chorus, and The Assembly.

After being postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, To Shiver the Sky was premiered live on May 15, 2022, at The Anthem in Washington, D.C. The premiere featured the United States Air Force Band, Choral Arts Society of Washington, and ModernMedieval.

The Lost Birds (2022)
Tin's fourth album, titled The Lost Birds, was released on September 30, 2022, on the Decca Classics label, debuting at No. 2 on the Billboard Classical Charts.  It was nominated for a Grammy award in the 'Best Classical Compendium' category. The album features popular British ensemble VOCES8 and Tin's longtime collaborators the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. It consists of twelve movements, ten of which use texts by poets Emily Dickinson, Sara Teasdale, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and Cristina Rossetti, along with two purely instrumental tracks. Unlike Tin's previous works, all movements of the piece are sung in English. The album is a musical memorial to bird species driven to extinction by humankind and a celebration of their beauty, while also presenting a warning about humanity's own tenuous existence on the planet. The album was funded once again via Kickstarter, and Tin broke his own record for highest funded classical music project on the platform.

The Lost Birds was recorded in two parts; the vocal elements of the album were recorded at the VOCES8 Centre, conducted by Barnaby Smith, while the instrumental elements were recorded at Abbey Road Studios, conducted by Tin. This allowed better balance between the choir and the orchestra.

The Lost Birds was premiered virtually by VOCES8 as part of their 'LIVE from London' series on October 15, 2022. The performance featured The VOCES8 Foundation Choir and Orchestra, with Barnaby Smith conducting. The work's live premiere is scheduled for February 25, 2023, at Stanford University. This will also be the first performance using the reduced, chamber orchestration of the work.

Collaborative projects
In 2009, Tin and multi-instrumentalist and producer Shoji Kameda formed a Los Angeles-based production duo, Stereo Alchemy. Their debut album God of Love, was released on Valentine's Day, February 14, 2012.  It featured a variety of Renaissance and Romantic era poems (from Thomas Carew, Christina Rossetti, John Donne and others) reinvented as lyrics for trip hop and synth pop songs.

In 2015 Tin composed the orchestral arrangements for trance artist BT's remix album Electronic Opus.

In 2017 Tin announced an EDM-meets-orchestra collaboration with Australian DJ TyDi called Collide.  Their first single "Closing In", featuring vocals by Dia Frampton, was released October 6, 2017.

Tin collaborated with Lang Lang on the 2016 release of a piano and orchestra suite of music from Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. Additionally, Tin has collaborated with Danny Elfman and Alan Menken.

Tin has received commissions by Stratus Chamber Orchestra, Bangor Symphony Orchestra, Orchestra at St. Matthew's and ISCMS Festival. He also co-created the startup sound for the original Microsoft Surface computing platform.

Tin arranged a number of jazz tunes for 2018 film 'Crazy Rich Asians', one being based on the Chinese melody, When Will You Return?. This arrangement was chosen by director Jon M. Chu and Warner Brothers to open the film.

Tin's other film credits include writing additional music for Sausage Party (2016), Suddenly Seventeen (2016), Tess (2016), Dante's Inferno (2010), Deadspace: Aftermath (2011), Hoodwinked Too! Hood Vs. Evil (2011) and X2: X-Men United (2003).

Television appearances
Tin was a judge on the 2017 season of the Welsh TV show Cor Cymru, a singing competition for amateur choirs airing on S4C.

Other positions
Tin is Honorary Artistic Director of the United Nations Chamber Music Society, Honorary President of the International Choral Festival Wales, and is a patron of El Sistema France. He is also an honorary board member of the Chinese American Museum DC.

Awards

GRAMMY Awards

Video game industry awards

Songwriting awards

Concert works
Tin's concert works are predominantly choral and orchestral, and often feature languages rarely used in the realm of classical music:

Song cycles
 (2009) Calling All Dawns
 (2014) The Drop That Contained the Sea
 (21/8/2020, World premiere) To Shiver the Sky
 (2022) The Lost Birds
 (2023) The Drop That Contained the Sea: Waloyo Yamoni - EP

Choral works with orchestra
 (2005) Baba Yetu
 (2009) Kia Hora Te Marino
 (2009) Mado Kara Mieru
 (2013) Temen Oblak
 (2013) Iza Ngomso
 (2016) Sogno di Volare
 (2017) Silver Wing
 (2017) Adain Can

Vocal solo with orchestra
 (2013) Passou o Verao

Orchestra with soloist(s)
 (2014) Shinobu vs. Ghost Warrior

Chamber
 (1999) Lacrymosa (string quartet)

Piano solo
 (2009) Nocturne No. 2

Games

 (2012) Karateka
 (2016) Offworld Trading Company
 (2016) Civilization VI
 (2018) Rise of Kingdoms
 (2019) Splitgate
 (2021) Old World (video game)

References

External links

 Stereo Alchemy official site

21st-century classical composers
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American film score composers
American television composers
Jingle composers
American male film score composers
People from Redwood City, California
American classical musicians of Chinese descent
American people of Hong Kong descent
Living people
Stanford University alumni
Video game composers
1976 births
Grammy Award winners
21st-century American composers
Palo Alto High School alumni
21st-century American male musicians
Fulbright alumni

Christopher Tin


Hadston Skeers (or Carrs) (Ordnance Survey reference NU 283428) are towards the northern End of Druridge Bay, Northumberland. They are made up of shelves of flat rocks, extending out into the North Sea for some distance, maybe half a mile, and are edged with weed-covered rocks.
This area is ideal for fish, particularly cod, and they are usually populated with numerous sea fishermen, even more so when conditions are right.

Fairly close by are Bondi Carrs  (Ordnance Survey reference NU 286 018) form a large barrier at the northern end of Druridge Bay, near Low Hauxley, Amble.
The Green Skeers are further south and run for approximately 200 yard (60 m) along the beach at  around the mid-tide mark.

The words skear (also spelt skeer, skere, and skerr) and carr, are Geordie dialect given to an area of low coastal rocks.

See also
Geordie dialect words

References

Rock formations of England

Hadston Skeers


The Argentine provincial elections will elect the executive and legislative authorities of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and in 21 of the 23 provinces of Argentina, except (executive) Corrientes and Santiago del Estero;  elections in Tucumán (for a month) and San Juan were suspended by the Supreme Court.

Elections

16 April

 Neuquén, Rolando Figueroa defeated the gubernatorial candidate of the long-governing Neuquén People's Movement, for the first time in 60 years, with 36.94% of Comunidad.
 Río Negro, Alberto Weretilneck wins with 42.43%. Third consecutive electoral victory of Together We Are Río Negro.

5 May

 Jujuy, Carlos Sadir won with 49.59%. Third consecutive electoral victory for Together for Change.
 La Rioja, Ricardo Quintela is re-elected with 50.63%. Fourth consecutive electoral victory of Union for the Homeland and its predecessor parties.
 Misiones, Hugo Passalacqua won with 64.18%. Sixth consecutive electoral victory of the Front for the Renewal of Concord, it has not lost since its foundation.

14 May

 La Pampa, Sergio Ziliotto Is re-elected with 47.66%. Twelfth electoral victory of the Justicialist Party.
 Salta, Gustavo Sáenz is re-elected with 47.51% for the Salta Identity Party.
 San Juan (gubernatorial election suspended), the legislative election was won by the Union for the Homeland with 53.25%, obtained 9 of 17 legislators, Together for Change obtained 7 and Liberty Advances obtained 1.
 Tierra del Fuego, Gustavo Melella is re-elected with 65.63%. Fourth consecutive electoral victory of Union for the Homeland (counting predecessors) and allies.
 Tucumán (suspended)

11 June

 Corrientes, Legislative election. Victory of ECO+Vamos Corrientes with 68.06%, obtaining 11 legislators out of 15 and 4 senators out of 5.
 San Luis, Claudio Poggi obtained 53.10% and won by the total sum of Together for Change with 53.31%. Defeat of the supremacy of the Saá brothers (Adolfo 1983-2001 and Alberto 2003-2011 and 2015-2023).
 Tucumán, Osvaldo Jaldo won with 57.96%. Seventh consecutive electoral victory of Union for the Homeland (counting its predecessors).

25 June

 Córdoba, Martin Llaryora won with 45.20%. Seventh consecutive electoral victory of We Do for Córdoba (counting its predecessor Union for Córdoba).
 Formosa, Gildo Insfrán is re-elected for the eighth consecutive time with 69.97%.

2 July

 San Juan, Marcelo Orrego defeated the gubernatorial candidate of the governing Union for the Homeland, for the first time in 20 years, with 49.81%.

30 July

 Chubut, Ignacio Torres defeats the candidate of Union for the Homeland. He won 35.71% to 34.11% and put an end to 20 years of Peronism (PJ-CST)

13 August

 Santa Cruz, Claudio Vidal defeated the gubernatorial candidates of the governing Union for the Homeland, for the first time in 40 years, with 46.5%.

10 September

 Santa Fe, Maximiliano Pullaro of Together for Change defeats the Union for the Homeland candidate with 58.40%. He became the first candidate to exceed one million votes in Santa Fe.

17 September

 Chaco, Leandro Zdero beats Jorge Capitanich with 46%. The UCR wins the province again, it has not happened since 2003.

24 September

 Mendoza, Alfredo Cornejo of Radical Civic Union defeated the Liberty Advances candidate, Omar de Marchi, with 39.50% of the vote. He previously held the position from 2015 to 2019.

22 October

 Buenos Aires, Axel Kicillof of Union for the Homeland won re-election with 44.9% of the vote.
 Buenos Aires City, Jorge Macri of Together for Change won against Union for the Homeland candidate, Leandro Santoro, with 49.6% of the vote. Despite provincial electoral rules requiring a runoff if a candidate does not win 50% of the vote, it was not held since Santaro dropped out.
 Catamarca, Raúl Jalil of Union for the Homeland won re-election with 53.73% of the vote.
 Entre Ríos, Rogelio Frigerio of Together for Change won against the Union for the Homeland candidate, Adrián Bahl with 41.7% of the vote. The UP-PJ have governed the province since 2003.

References

2023 elections in Argentina
Provincial elections in Argentina

2023 Argentine provincial elections


Hung I-Hsiang or Hong Yixiang () (1925–1993) was a Taiwanese martial artist who specialized in the internal Chinese styles of xingyiquan, baguazhang, and taijiquan.

Hung I-Hsiang was born in Taiwan. He studied with Chang Chun-Feng (), a master of internal Chinese martial arts from Northern China. Chang introduced these arts to Taiwan in 1948, when he moved there following the Chinese Communist Revolution. Initially, Chang was met with resistance from mainlanders on Taiwan who objected to his teaching the secrets of internal martial arts to native Taiwanese such as Hung.

When Chang began teaching in the northern part of Taipei, his first group of core students included the three Hung brothers: Hung I-Hsiang, Hung I-Wen, and Hung I-Mien. It is said that Hung I-Hsiang was the xingyiquan specialist, Hung I-Mien was the baguazhang specialist, and Hung I-Wen specialized in tai chi.

After he had studied with Chang for several years, Hung often led classes for Chang. Because the internal martial arts were still very new in Taiwan, many curious people would come to test Chang's skill.  Hung said that Chang would often send him out to show the visitors what the internal styles were all about. Many martial artists in Taiwan remember Hung as being someone who was involved in many fights, both in and out of the martial arts studio.

In the mid-1960s, Hung I-Hsiang opened up his own school under the name Tang Shou Tao.

Hung I-Hsiang internal arts training program included xingyiquan, baguazhang and Wu (Hao)-style tai chi, Shaolin kung fu, and qigong. He suggests that students learn Shaolin kung fu when they are very young, progress to xingyiquan to learn how to develop internal power, and then progress to baguazhang and tai chi to learn how to refine the power. This is also the teaching sequence used by Hung's teacher, Chang Chun-Feng. Hung believed that in practicing the xingyiquan five elements as an introduction to the internal martial arts, the student can clearly understand the way the body should be trained to move in the internal styles. If the student starts out in tai chi, it is very difficult to develop and understand internal power.

Many of Hung's students dominated the full-contact tournaments in Taiwan. One student, Weng Hsien-ming, won the Taiwan full contact championships three years in a row. Another, Huang Hsi-I, also usually won his all-Taiwan full contact tournaments with knock-outs.

References

 Miller, Dan, Pa Kua Chang Journal, Vol. 3, No. 5.
 Frantzis, Bruce Kumar, The Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I

External links

1925 births
1993 deaths
Chinese baguazhang practitioners
Chinese xingyiquan practitioners
Martial arts school founders
Taiwanese martial artists
20th-century philanthropists

Hung I-Hsiang


Rival or rivals may refer to:

Literature, music, and media
 "Rival" (Pearl Jam song), song on Pearl Jam'''s 2000's album Binaural "Rival" (song), the second opening theme song of the Pocket Monsters series
 "Rivals" (DS9 episode), the eleventh episode of the second season of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine "The Rivals" (The O.C. episode), the 17th episode of the FOX television series, The O.C. The Rival, comic book villain, enemy of The Flash
 The Rivals, play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan
 Rivals (film), a 1925 film starring Oliver Hardy
 Sonic Rivals'', video game

Other use
 Rivals in sports
 Rivals.com, a network of United States-based sports Web sites which focus especially on college sports and also recruiting
 College rivalry
 Rivalry (economics)
 Monocular rivalry and Binocular rivalry in vision.
 Sibling rivalry (brothers and sisters)
 The Rivals (band), an English punk band
 The Rivals (mountain), a mountain on the Llŷn peninsula in Gwynedd
 Rivals, Kentucky

Rival (disambiguation)


Sir Gurunath Venkatesh Bewoor KCIE, ICS (20 November 1888 – 2 December 1950) was an Indian civil servant. He served on the Viceroy's Executive Council during the World War II and the first Indian director of the Post and Telegraph department of India. He later served as Managing Director of Air India.

Early life and education
The family name comes from Bevoor village then part of Bijapur district of the old Bombay Presidency and now in the Bagalkot district of northern Karnataka.  Gurunath Bewoor was born there on 20 November 1888 in a Deshastha Madhva Brahmin family.  He got his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Deccan College, Pune (then part of Bombay University, and won the Dakshina Fellowship. His further education was Cambridge University following which he passed the Indian Civil Service (ICS) entrance examination.

Civil servant
Bewoor joined the ICS in 1921 in the Central Provinces cadre. After a year of district service he was transferred to the Posts and Telegraphs Department in 1922. He served as Post Master General at Patna, Nagpur and Bombay. He was appointed a CIE in the 1932 King's Birthday Honours List. In 1934, he was appointed as the Director General of the Post and Telegraph Department of India; he was knighted five years later, being officially invested as a Knight Bachelor on 20 June 1939 at Viceregal Lodge, Simla, by the Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow.

In 1941, he was appointed Secretary, Posts and Air Department.  Despite the pressures of World War II and the disruptions caused by the Quit India movement, Bewoor efficiently managed the communications infrastructure of Britain's Indian empire.  Bewoor, along with others such as C.D. Deshmukh, N. R. Pillai, Y. N. Sukthankar, R. K. Nehru, H. M. Patel, S. Jagannathan, was a member of the Finance and Commerce Pool (FCP), an elite group of Indian administrators tasked with managing the economic, commercial, industrial and supply-related issues of the war in India.

In 1946 he reached the pinnacle of the British Raj as a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council under Lord Wavell and was appointed a KCIE (Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire) in the New Year Honours List.

Bewoor was the originator of a formula known as the "Bewoor Time Test" to judge the efficiency of postal work.  This was based on a report he authored for the postal department in 1929, similar to the time-and-motion studies of Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Aviation
In 1944 he represented India at the ICAO Conference in Chicago.  He was also a member of the United Nations Transport and Communications Commission.

Gurunath Bewoor died unexpectedly in December 1950.

His older son Madhav was a graduate of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and died during World War II.  His younger son Gopal Gurunath Bewoor was India's Chief of Army Staff from 1973 to 1975.

References

Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Bachelor
Indian knights
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
1888 births
1950 deaths
People from Bagalkot district
Members of the Council of the Governor General of India

Gurunath Venkatesh Bewoor