is a Japanese retired professional wrestler best known for his deathmatch wrestling style, having competed in memorable deathmatches in Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) and Wrestling International New Generations (W*ING). He is renowned for participating in the first-ever deathmatch in Japanese wrestling history on December 10, 1989 and is also credited for participating in a Piranha Deathmatch against Kendo Nagasaki on August 19, 1996, which has been considered to be the most popular and greatest deathmatch in Japanese wrestling history by wrestling journalists and many sports websites and Matsunaga has received critical acclaim for his performance.

Matsunaga began his career in FMW where he specialized in the deathmatch wrestling style and adopted it as his own trademark style. He competed in many infamous deathmatches in W*ING and high-profile feuds with Mr. Pogo, Freddy Krueger and Leatherface in many successful deathmatches earned him the moniker of "Mr. Danger". After working as W*ING's ace from 1992-1993, Matsunaga left the company and returned to FMW where he headlined the successful 1993 Year End Spectacular event against Atsushi Onita. After an alliance with Onita, Matsunaga formed the W*ING Alliance to feud with FMW and avenge the demise of W*ING from FMW. Initially considered to be Onita's successor as FMW's ace, Matsunaga was demoted from his role and failed to gain prominence in FMW and ultimately quit the company in 1996. He then joined BJW and helped the promotion revolutionize in deathmatch wrestling and became a two-time Deathmatch Heavyweight Champion in the company before quitting in 2001.

Professional wrestling career

Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (1989–1990)
Matsunaga was initially trained in martial arts and worked for the World Karate Association (WKA) organization. He received the training of professional wrestling from fellow karateka Masashi Aoyagi and made his wrestling debut for Atsushi Onita's Grudge in Nagoya event promoted under the Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) banner on October 6, 1989, by defeating Billy Mack. FMW would bring in martial artists and several fighters to combine matches between professional wrestlers and martial artists and Matsunaga would be roped in to tour with FMW for a few more shows as part of FMW's working partnership with WKA. Matsunaga headlined the Battle Creation event on December 10 at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo by teaming with Jerry Blayman against Onita and Tarzan Goto in the company's first-ever barbed wire deathmatch and the first-ever deathmatch in Japan, which Matsunaga and Blayman lost. This match would set the stage for Matsunaga to establish himself as a deathmatch wrestler. Matsunaga then participated in the Battle Resistance Tournament on January 7, 1990, in which he defeated Katsuji Ueda via disqualification in the first round before losing to eventual winner Masanobu Kurisu in the quarterfinals.

New Japan Pro Wrestling (1991)
Matsunaga left FMW after the partnership of FMW and WKA ended. He worked two shows for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) in the summer of 1991 in which he traded wins with Masashi Aoyagi.

Wrestling International New Generations (1991–1993)
Matsunaga joined the newly upstart deathmatch wrestling promotion Wrestling International New Generations (W*ING) later that year, making his debut on September 20 by defeating Nobuhiro Tsurumaki. He was soon placed in a rivalry against the company's top villain Mr. Pogo and was pushed as the promotion's top fan favorite and the company's ace. After having faced off against each other in many tag team matches throughout the late 1991, Matsunaga and Pogo competed in their first singles match against one another in a Scramble Bunkhouse Barbed Wire Baseball Bat Deathmatch on March 8, 1992, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, which Matsunaga lost. Matsunaga rebounded by defeating Pogo in a Fire Deathmatch at One Night One Soul. Matsunaga competed in many memorable deathmatches throughout 1992 and his rivalry with Mr. Pogo was considered a classic. He was then involved in a feud with Leatherface, to whom he lost in a Barbed Wire Deathmatch on October 28. He then suffered another loss against Leatherface in a Spike Nail Deathmatch at We Love W*ING.

On April 3, 1993, Matsunaga won his first title, the promotion's World Tag Team Championship with Yukihiro Kanemura by defeating Freddie Krueger and Leatherface. He vacated the title only six days later to concentrate on his ongoing feud with Leatherface. On May 5, Matsunaga defeated Leatherface in a Spike Nail Deathmatch to gain his first singles win over his nemesis. Matsunaga then defeated Mr. Pogo in a Scramble Bunkhouse Deathmatch in their last meeting against each other in W*ING as Pogo would leave the company afterwards due to a contract dispute and return to FMW. Following Pogo's departure, Matsunaga continued to feud with Freddie Krueger, Leatherface and The Headhunters throughout the summer of 1993. He also made an appearance for Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW) in the United States on the August 31 episode of Hardcore TV by teaming with Miguelito Perez to wrestle The Headhunters to a double disqualification. He then toured Mexico to wrestle on two shows for the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA). Matsunaga's final match in W*ING was a WarGames match, in which Matsunaga, Crash the Terminator and W*ING Kanemura lost to Freddie Krueger, Jado and Gedo at Best Champ on August 25.

Return to FMW (1993–1996)

Matsunaga followed his rival Mr. Pogo and left W*ING to return to FMW on September 15, 1993, as a villain. He teamed with Pogo to defeat Atsushi Onita and Mr. Gannosuke in a No Ropes Barbed Wire Street Fight Deathmatch. Matsunaga feuded with Onita throughout the fall of 1993 and he challenged Onita for the Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship in a highly anticipated No Ropes Barbed Wire Deathmatch between the two at Year End Spectacular, which was promoted as the first-ever meeting between FMW's ace and W*ING's ace. Onita retained the title. After the match, Matsunaga made friends with Onita and turned fan favorite as he joined the FMW side to feud with Pogo and his entourage. At FMW 5th Anniversary Show on May 5, 1994, Matsunaga and Tarzan Goto unsuccessfully challenged Pogo and Hisakatsu Oya for the Brass Knuckles Tag Team Championship. On July 31, Matsunaga teamed with Atsushi Onita to defeat Pogo and Oya for the tag team championship. As a result, Matsunaga renewed his W*ING-era rivalry with Mr. Pogo as the two clashed in a Street Fight Deathmatch at Summer Spectacular, which Matsunaga lost.

Matsunaga had gained fame for his deathmatch wrestling style and was considered by Onita to succeed him as FMW's ace after Onita's retirement at FMW 6th Anniversary Show but Matsunaga's box office drawing power was considered weak by management and the management had to change their mind. On September 7, former W*ING wrestler Yukihiro Kanemura debuted in FMW and quickly joined Mr. Pogo and convinced Matsunaga to join them but a reluctant Matsunaga did not agree to the offer. Matsunaga met Kanemura at a hospital where Kanemura was being treated for some burns suffered in a match and Onita got the pictures of the meeting and accused Matsunaga of having turned on FMW and joined Kanemura which upset Matsunaga and he broke up with Onita and turned on FMW to form W*ING Alliance with Kanemura and Pogo to become a villain and feud with FMW. At 6th Anniversary Show on May 5, 1995, the W*ING team of Matsunaga, Hido and Hideki Hosaka lost to Takashi Ishikawa, Apollo Sagawa and Kishin Kawabata. Matsunaga's stock began dropping in FMW and he was mainly utilized in the mid-card. Following Onita's retirement, Matsunaga and Pogo continued their rivalry to maintain the deathmatch wrestling in FMW.

Matsunaga would enter the Grand Slam Tournament for the vacant Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship, in which he scored eight points and lost his last match in the tournament against Hayabusa on September 24. After the loss, Matsunaga showed respect to Hayabusa and teased an alliance between FMW and W*ING as the two defeated W*ING Kanemura and Masato Tanaka in a tag team match on October 28. The four men formed an alliance while Super Leather and Hido grew upset at Matsunaga and Kanemura for turning on W*ING and joining FMW and the two joined Lethal Weapon. This turned out to be a ruse as Matsunaga turned on Hayabusa during a match against Mr. Pogo and Super Leather on November 20 and then Matsunaga and Kanemura turned on FMW and Leather and Hido turned on Lethal Weapon to reform W*ING. This was where W*ING regained its spot as the top villainous group and feuded with FMW and Lethal Weapon.

On February 23, 1996, Matsunaga, Hido and W*ING Kanemura lost to Masato Tanaka, Ricky Fuji and Tetsuhiro Kuroda in the first-ever WarGames match in FMW history. After the match, Víctor Quiñones debuted in FMW and led The Headhunters in attacking FMW and W*ING and then Quinones formed Puerto Rican Army in an attempt to take over FMW. FMW and W*ING joined forces and W*ING turned into a fan favorite group. Matsunaga lost to longtime rival Mr. Pogo in a Barbed Wire Double Hell Deathmatch on March 15. Matsunaga was initially scheduled to take on Abdullah the Butcher in a high-profile Barbwire Caribbean Glass Double Hell Deathmatch at FMW 7th Anniversary Show but then Cactus Jack was selected in Abdullah's place. Jack was contracted to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) at the time and WWF did not allow Jack to compete against Matsunaga due to Matsunaga's Hepatitis B and Matsunaga was pulled out of the match by FMW and replaced by W*ING Kanemura. Matsunaga would instead team with Hideki Hosaka and Hido to defeat Miguel Perez, Shoji Nakamaki and Toryu. This would be his last appearance with the company as Matsunaga left FMW due to being unhappy with his spot in the company.

Big Japan Pro Wrestling (1996–2001)

Matsunaga debuted for the new rising deathmatch promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) on July 19, 1996, by teaming with Shoji Nakamaki to defeat Kendo Nagasaki and Seiji Yamakawa in a No Ropes Barbed Wire, Scaffold, Table and Barbed Wire Boards Elimination Deathmatch to begin feuding with Nagasaki. Matsunaga defeated Nagasaki in a singles match on August 5. At Summer Night Dream, Matsunaga competed against Nagasaki in a high-profile Yokohama Amazon River Piranha and Barbed Wire Board Deathmatch, which Nagasaki won. The match earned critical acclaim and would become very popular in Japan and considered to be a pioneer in the popularity and success of deathmatch wrestling in Japan. It was considered by many to be the best deathmatch in Japanese wrestling history.

Daniel Massey of Bleacher Report commented "The piranhas took a chunk out of Matsunaga's chest and he looked in terrible pain when he left the arena. I don't wish that on anyone, but he chose to wrestle there and in Japan—had they have been fobbed off with a rubbish ending, there would have been a riot. That does not mean I condone the actions, but that's what makes it great. The final reason this match was the greatest Death Match of all time was because the wrestlers were so good. Matsunaga was already synonymous with the Death Match format and was considered a veteran, so this new concept of piranhas made it more exciting, as even he hadn't encountered anything like it before. The two wrestlers had a certain chemistry in the ring, and to hold an audience for 20 minutes with a tank of piranhas in the middle of the ring is no easy feat."

Ryan Byers of 411mania commented "This probably seemed like a fairly revolutionary little match when it first occurred, and the stipulation upon which the match was built is something that has rarely if ever been duplicated. However, if you take away the piranha, there's nothing that separates it from five hundred other deathmatches that we have seen throughout the years", with "The match is still well worth watching for curiosity's sake, but I can't imagine going out of your way to watch it if you're interesting in seeing a top of the line deathmatch."

Matsunaga competed in a variety of deathmatches during the early years of BJW and helped the promotion to make a mark in the deathmatch wrestling fame in Japan. In the summer of 1998, Matsunaga participated in a tournament to crown the inaugural Deathmatch Heavyweight Champion, losing to The Great Pogo in the final in a Glass and Fire Coffin Cremation Deathmatch on August 9. On August 23, Matsunaga defeated Pogo in a Glass and Fire Coffin Cremation Deathmatch to win the title. Matsunaga lost the title to Shadow WX in a 3-Way Board Alligator Deathmatch on September 23. On August 19, 2001, Matsunaga defeated Zandig in a 200 lighttubes and thumbtack and glass board deathmatch to win his second Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship. Matsunaga lost the title back to Zandig at Ante Up. This was his last appearance with BJW as he left the company after losing the title.

Independent circuit (2002–2009)
Matsunaga competed as a freelancer in the Japanese independent circuit during the last few years of his career. On September 16, 2002, Matsunaga attacked Mammoth Sasaki with a baseball bat during Sasaki's match against Hisakatsu Oya for the Wrestlings Marvelous Future (WMF) promotion. A match was made between Matsunaga and Sasaki which stipulated that if Matsunaga won then he would be allowed to compete in WMF and deathmatches would also be legal in the company and if he lost then he would be banned from competing in WMF. The match took place on September 30, which Matsunaga lost. Matsunaga would make appearances for Pro Wrestling Zero1 between 2005 and 2008. On December 23, 2009, Matsunaga lost to Akitoshi Saito in his retirement match at a Pro Wrestling NOAH show.

Personal life
After retiring from professional wrestling, Matsunaga opened Mr. Danger, a franchised steakhouse with two Tokyo locations operating out of Sumida City and Taitō City.

Championships and accomplishments
Big Japan Pro Wrestling
BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling
FMW Brass Knuckles Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Atsushi Onita
Wrestling International New Generations
W*ING World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Yukihiro Kanemura

References

1966 births
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Chita, Aichi
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
FMW Brass Knuckles Tag Team Champions
BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Champions

Mitsuhiro Matsunaga


Cadell Ddyrnllwg (Welsh for "Cadell of the Gleaming Hilt"; born c. AD 430) was a mid-5th century King of Powys.

Cadell appears to have been driven out of his father Cadeyrn's kingdom by Irish pirates during the chaos of the Saxon insurrection in Southern Britain. He hid himself amongst the peasants of Powys and became a servant of the Irish chieftain, Benlli, hoping, one day, to find an opportunity to retrieve his inheritance. His chance arose when St. Germanus of Auxerre visited Britain, probably for the second time in AD 447, to combat Pelagian views (opposition to Original Sin). Travelling into the Midlands, St. Germanus heard of the pagan Irish stronghold and, with his many followers, laid siege to the Powysian capital. Cadell showed them what modest hospitality he could in his rural hovel outside the city walls. Germanus eventually had a dreadful premonition and advised Cadell to remove all his friends from within the city walls. That night, the Royal palace was struck by lightning. The resulting fire spread quickly and all within the city were burnt alive. The young Cadell was thus restored to his throne. It is unclear where the kingdom's capital was at the time; tradition suggests the Clwydian hillfort Foel Fenlli, the 'Hill of Benlli', while archaeological evidence points to Caer Guricon (Wroxeter, Shropshire). The latter was occupied well into the 6th century, and an ancient memorial stone bearing the Celtic name Cunorix, known as the Wroxeter Stone, has been discovered here.

Cadell married Gwelfyl, one of the many daughters of King Brychan Brycheiniog. They had a number of children, including Tegid, the father of Gwynllyw, and possibly Gwynfyr Frych, Ystradwel and Ddewer. Cadell apparently died quite young.

References

House of Gwertherion
Monarchs of Powys
5th-century Welsh monarchs
Sub-Roman monarchs
5th-century births
430 births
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death unknown

Cadell Ddyrnllwg


Dean Drummond (January 22, 1949 – April 13, 2013) was an American composer, arranger, conductor and musician. His music featured microtonality, electronics, and a variety of percussion. He invented a 31-tone instrument called the zoomoozophone in 1978. From 1990 to his death he was the conservator of the Harry Partch instrumentarium.

Biography

Born in Los Angeles, Drummond studied trumpet and composition at the University of Southern California and California Institute of the Arts. He studied trumpet with Don Ellis and John Clyman, and studied composition with Leonard Stein.

Drummond then worked as a musician for and assistant to the maverick composer and instrument builder Harry Partch. He performed in the premieres of Partch's large-scale works Daphne of the Dunes, And on the Seventh Day Petals Fell in Petaluma, and Delusion of the Fury. Drummond also participated in recordings made by Partch for the Columbia Masterworks label in the late 1960s.

In 1976, Drummond moved to New York City. A year later he co-founded (with flutist Stefani Starin) the contemporary music ensemble Newband. Newband recorded works by Partch, John Zorn, Joan LaBarbara, John Cage, Anne LeBaron, James Pugliese, and Thelonious Monk, as well as original works by Drummond.

In 1990, he became director and curator of composer/inventor/musician Harry Partch's homemade instruments. Drummond performed many of Partch's compositions on the original instruments (such as kithara, surrogate kithara, harmonic canons, adapted guitar, and cloud chamber bowls), as well as incorporating the instruments into original compositions. Drummond conducted educational workshops, and trained student musicians to play the idiosyncratic instrumentarium.

Drummond was a director of the New York Consortium for New Music for over ten years, and was involved in producing the annual Sonic Boom Festival. At the time of his death he was Associate Professor and Director of the Harry Partch Institute at Montclair State University, New Jersey.

He died in Princeton, NJ, of complications from multiple myeloma on April 13, 2013.

Works

Most of his works are published by Hypersound.

Solo instrumental

Suite for Clarinet (1970) - clarinet
Organ Toccata (1971) - pipe organ
Cloud Garden II (1974) - piano/celeste/almglocken
Post Rigabop Mix (1977) - flute
Copégoro (1978) - percussion
Columbus Fullmoon (1979/1985) - zoomoozophone
Different Drums for Different Strokes (1988) - percussion
Mars Face (1997) - violin and microtonally programmed synthesizer
Four Miniatures (1997): Syncopation in Glass and Talking Bowls - cloud chamber bowls; Bow, Chords and Zoom and Three Dream Fragments - zoomoozophone duet
Two Short Zoomoozophone Duos (1997)
Two Short Solos for Cloud Chamber Bowls (1997)
Precious Metals (1997) - flute

Vocal compositions

Bertrans de Born (1971) - bass-baritone, flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, French horn, piano/celeste, string quartet, double bass
My Data's Gone (1997)  - bass and microtonally programmed synthesizer - lyrics by Charles Bernstein
It Must Be Time (1997) - soprano and microtonally programmed synthesizer - lyrics by Charles Bernstein
Congressional Record (1999) - baritone and eight instrumentalists - texts from the Congressional Record
Café Buffé (2006) - opera - five singers, dancers, and eighteen instrumentalists - libretto by Charles Bernstein

Works for multiple instrumentalists

Ni Kioku (1971) - flute, celeste, harp, violin, cello, two percussionists
Dedication (1972) - oboe, harp, string quartet, double bass, three percussionists
Fission (1972) - flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, harp, vibraphone, violin, viola, cello
Ghost Tangents (1973/1975) - prepared piano, three percussionists
Cloud Garden I (1974/9) - flute, piano, four percussionists
Zurrjir (1976) - flute, clarinet, piano/celeste, three percussionists
Dirty Ferdie (Quartet Version) (1976) - four percussionists
Little Columbus (1979) (Part 1 of Columbus) (1980) - two percussionists
Columbus (1980) - flute, three percussionists
Dirty Ferdie (Octet Version) (1981) - eight percussionists
Mysteries (Octet Version) (1982/6) - flute, violin, cello, five percussionists
Mysteries (Quintet Version) (1983) - five percussionists
Mysteries (Septet Version) (1983) - flute, bass trombone, five percussionists
Then or Never (1984) - flute, viola, double bass, three percussionists
Ruby Half Moon (1987) - 2 trumpets, trombone, bass trombone, four percussionists
Incredible Time (to live and die) (1988) - amplified flute, microtonally programmed synthesizer, three percussionists
Dance of the Seven Veils (1992) - flute, cello, chromelodeon, microtonally programmed synthesizer, three percussionists
The Day the Sun Stood Still (1994) - flute, trumpet, cello, microtonally programmed synthesizer, harmonic canons, four percussionists
Before the Last Laugh (1995) - flute, cello, microtonally programmed synthesizer, three harmonic canons, two percussionists
The Last Laugh (Der Letzte Mann) (1996) - live film score for the 1924 silent film by F.W. Murnau -  flutes, cello, trumpet, chromelodeon, microtonally programmed synthesizer, four harmonic canons, four percussionists
For the Last Laugh (1998) - suite from the film score - flutes, cello, trumpet, chromelodeon, microtonally programmed synthesizer, four harmonic canons, four percussionists
M.S. Genitron (2001) - ten percussionists
Phil Harmonic (2002) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, alto saxophone, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, chromelodeon, zoomoozophone, timpani, percussion, strings

Films
1995 - Musical Outsiders: An American Legacy - Harry Partch, Lou Harrison, and Terry Riley. Directed by Michael Blackwood.

External links
 Composer's website
 Harry Partch website

References

American male classical composers
American classical composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Montclair State University faculty
1949 births
2013 deaths
American musical instrument makers
Musicians from Los Angeles
USC Thornton School of Music alumni
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Pupils of Harry Partch
21st-century American composers
20th-century American composers

Dean Drummond


The Battle of Crete was a battle fought in World War 2 between the Nazis and British Commonwealth soldiers with Greek support. It was fought from 20 May to 1 June 1941. The battle began in the morning of 20 May when German paratroopers began Operation Mercury. The battle was fought on the Greek island of Crete.

On the first day of fighting, the German paratroopers suffered heavy losses due to heavy anti-aircraft warfare and fierce ground fighting, but the British were confident that they would destroy the German invasion. Due to miscommunication and bad decisions, the Germans were able to capture an airfield, allowing them to transport supplies and reinforcements to Crete, and destroy the Allied forces defending the island.

This battle was the first time Hitler used paratroopers on a massive scale, and the first big airborne invasion in Military history, and the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the German Enigma code, and the first time German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. That was common later in the war. Losses were so great, that Hitler decided not to make any more big paratroop assaults.

1941 in Europe
20th century in Greece
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete

Battle of Crete


Miss Martian (real name: M'gann M'orzz; alias Megan Morse) is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. An extraterrestrial, she is a White Martian who usually appears in stories as a member of the Teen Titans. Created by writer Geoff Johns and artist Tony Daniel, she first appeared in Teen Titans #37 (2006).

Sharon Leal portrayed the character in the second season of the Arrowverse series Supergirl. Leal returned in two episodes of the third and fifth seasons and returned in the sixth season. Miss Martian was also featured in the animated series Young Justice voiced by Danica McKellar.

Publication history
Miss Martian was created by Geoff Johns and Tony Daniel and first appeared in Teen Titans #37 (2006). Miss Martian is named "Megan Morse" after former Marvel Comics editor Ben Morse's wife, Megan (Megan is a friend of Johns). Johns initially created the character when he was told by DC's editorial staff that he could not use Supergirl, who was a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes at the time.

Fictional character biography
Miss Martian is a White Martian known as M'gann M'orzz. She serves as a member of the Teen Titans during the year between the events depicted in "Infinite Crisis" and the "One Year Later" storylines. On Earth, she simplifies her name to Megan Morse.

M'gann M'orzz was originally sent by rocket from Mars to the Vega system to escape the civil war between the Green Martians and the White Martians. To date, it is still unknown when she came to Earth from Vega.

Initially, M'gann pretended to be a Green Martian, like the Martian Manhunter, and joined the Teen Titans. After her feelings were hurt through insensitivity and misunderstanding with her teammates, M'gann left the Titans to be a hero in Australia. Though the Titans suspected she might have been a traitor, it turned out that her accuser, Bombshell, was the actual traitor. After helping the team defeat Bombshell and proving her loyalty, she was accepted as a full member of the Titans.

M'gann and Cyborg travel to Belle Reve to interrogate the depowered Bombshell. M'gann, using her telepathy on Bombshell, discovers the existence of Titans East (Bombshell is seemingly murdered by a mind-controlled Batgirl soon thereafter, but eventually recovers). M'gann fights Sun Girl, who claims to be from a future in which Martians are slaves because of something that M'gann will do (Sun Girl also claims that in the future M'gann will be her slave). Unable to convince Sun Girl to tell her what she will do in the future, M'gann dives into the ocean and then hits Sun Girl with a mass of water, dousing her flames.

The Titans Tomorrow appear with Miss Martian as a member. She has a different look, having embraced her White Martian heritage. Having changed her name to Martian Manhunter, she is killed by her present-day counterpart. As a result of this encounter, the consciousness of her future self has taken refuge in Megan's own mind. An epilogue to the "Titans of Tomorrow: Today!" storyline depicts Miss Martian eight years in the future; she colludes with Lex Luthor and Tim Drake, the Robin of the time and with whom she is having an affair, to clone several deceased Titans, including Superboy and Kid Flash.

Megan is attacked by Disruptor of the Terror Titans, whose weapons almost separate her from her future self. Megan is captured and thrown into a room with Kid Devil, who has been savagely conditioned into a mindless beast. She attempts to calm his mind with her telepathy, but a reincarnated version of Granny Goodness has found a way to inhibit her Martian abilities.

Megan finally manages to restore Eddie's rational mind, and the two escape. Back at Titans Tower, Megan implies that the encounter with Disruptor has allowed her to subdue her future self's consciousness. Her future counterpart seems still able to communicate with her, but M'gann shushes her effortlessly by the simple threat of siccing the cute puppies on her, e.g. feeding her images of cuteness and love.

Later, however, Megan begins showing signs of being unable to subdue her evil self, such as appearing before the team having chalk-white skin as opposed to her usually preferred green skin. She seems as surprised at this as the rest of the team, and later finally comes to the conclusion to leave the Titans for an unknown period of time. Before leaving, however, she says goodbye to the Titans and admits to Eddie that she will miss him the most, to which he questions if she is comparing him to the Scarecrow from The Wizard of Oz.

Teen Titans writer Sean McKeever has stated that Megan's departure from the Titans is part of a longer story he was working on and that she will return to the team at a later time.

Megan appears in the final issue of the Terror Titans miniseries, having been posing as Star-Spangled Kid in The Dark Side Club's metahuman fights. She had been using her immunity to Clock King's mind control to slowly free the other brainwashed metahumans.

Megan is briefly seen as part of an underground resistance cell in Final Crisis #5 (Dec. 2008). She rejoins the Titans in the aftermath of their failed recruitment drive, bringing new members Static and Aquagirl with her. In the same story, Megan hints that she has rid herself of her future counterpart's consciousness from her mind.

When Beast Boy returns to lead the Titans in the wake of Kid Devil's death, Megan is the only member of the team who is willing to support him. While the rest of the team is busy arguing with him, Megan is attacked and captured by a new villain known as Wyld. After a vigorous battle, Megan is rescued by her teammates.

At some point prior to this, Megan is seen operating on a solo mission where she defeats Brick after he attempts to abduct a young girl and hold her for ransom. Seconds after flooring the kidnapper, Megan is visited by Jay Garrick, who recruits her for some unknown purpose. In the finale of Justice League: Cry for Justice, it is revealed that Garrick recruited her to help interrogate Prometheus, who had destroyed Star City. When she attempts to read his mind, Megan is knocked out by specialized mental defenses Prometheus put in place after an encounter with the Martian Manhunter.

Megan later accompanies her fellow Titans to the city of Dakota to look for Static after he goes missing. After Wonder Girl, Aquagirl, and Bombshell are kidnapped as well, the remaining Titans track them to an armored bunker. Megan tries to fight off a powerful metahuman gangster named Holocaust, but he is somehow able to resist her telepathic assault and knock her unconscious. After awakening, Megan realizes that she had accidentally struck Raven with a mental barrage, which has now left her comatose. On the way back to Titans Tower, Raven is kidnapped by Wyld.

Brightest Day
During Brightest Day, Megan is asked by Batman to contact Starman after he is captured by a crazed Alan Scott. After coming aboard the Justice League Watchtower, she mentally reaches out to Starman and begins to relay information about his prison, only to transform into her White Martian form and attack the Justice League. Before Megan can injure any of her fellow heroes, she is knocked unconscious by Power Girl, who implies that she had been possessed by the Starheart, the cosmic entity that granted Alan his powers.

Around this time, the recently resurrected Martian Manhunter contacts Titans Tower to talk to Megan, and is told by Superboy that she has taken a leave of absence from the team. He heads to Australia to find Megan and see if she has any information about a string of murders that seem to have been committed by a fellow Martian, only to find her tied up and severely beaten. While tending to her, J'onn is contacted by the Entity, and Megan's wounds fully recover. She also senses that there is another Martian on Earth. When J'onn asks Megan who did this to her, Megan says she was attacked by a female Green Martian.

After a mission to rescue Raven from Wyld's dimension, Megan is left in a coma. Cyborg and a scientist named Rochelle Barnes take Megan to Cadmus Labs to find a way to help her, and Static (who had lost his powers after the battle with Wyld) comes along with her, stating that she should have a Titan by her side while she recovers. The issue ends with a note stating that the story will be resolved in a new Static solo series, which will launch sometime in 2011.

No longer a member of the Titans, Miss Martian is later attacked by a teenaged psychic named Alexander, who kidnaps her and uses her as bait to lure Supergirl into a trap. After defeating Supergirl, M'gann uses her abilities to help brainwash Blue Beetle and Robin into serving Alexander. It is later revealed, however, that Miss Martian was never under Alexander's control to begin with; she had merely pretended to be while using her telepathy to tell Supergirl her plan. Miss Martian then forcefeeds Alexander's mind with mental feedback, distracting him enough for Supergirl to subdue him.

Along with a number of other former Titans, M'gann returns to assist the team during their final battle against Superboy-Prime and the Legion of Doom. Working together with Solstice, M'gann defeats her old nemesis Sun Girl.

The New 52
In September 2011, DC carried out a revision of its superhero comic book line, including its stories and its characters' fictional histories, known as The New 52. In the revised stories, Miss Martian's first appearance is when Red Robin is shown watching a press conference where Lex Luthor shows off photographs of M'gann as part of a presentation about alien life on Earth.

DC Rebirth
DC made another revision of its superhero comic book line, known as the DC Rebirth. Miss Martian appears in the revised stories. Here, she has been assigned by Martian Manhunter as the Justice League liaison to watch over the Titans. The White Martian side of Miss Martian was eventually revealed to the Titans, as she couldn't contain her form after getting attacked by Beast Boy (who lost his self-control seemingly due to the energy of the Source Wall), when they were stranded on a strange planet. With the Titans back on earth, Batman tells Donna Troy that Martian Manhunter's actual intention to place Miss Martian on the Titans was to protect her true nature and keep her safe.

Characterization

Powers and abilities

Miss Martian possesses abilities similar to Martian Manhunter and all other Martians. She has superhuman strength and stamina comparable to that of a Kryptonian. She is invulnerable and has been shown to repel attacks from the likes of Despero. She can enhance this invulnerability by making herself super dense. This invulnerability also extends to her being able to survive in the vacuum of space. She also has the ability to shapeshift and she can use this to regenerate herself at a rapid rate. Her shapeshifting can be used at will and in an unlimited application, including adopting human or monstrous appearance, elongating her limbs, growing to immense size, altering the chemical composition of her body, etc. This also extends to her being able to expand or lengthen her limbs or to create natural body weapons. This control over her molecular structure also gives her the abilities of invisibility and intangibility.

She is a powerful psychic with major applications of this being telepathy and telekinesis. She can use the telekinesis to manipulate, move, control, levitate many objects. She can also use her telekinesis to fly. Her telepathy is one of her strongest abilities and allows her a wide variety of abilities including mind reading, communication by the mind, projecting her thoughts, creating illusions, locating other sentient beings, mental detection, mental cloak, mental scan, controlling others' minds, manipulating memory, inducing sleep, astral travel, and transferring information to people directly. Her psionic abilities can also manifest themselves in a telekinetic blast/push or a telekinetic shield. A further application of her powers is Martian vision, in which she expels energy from her eyes. Martians have nine senses compared to humans, which gives them stronger perception of the world.

As an adult in the Titans of Tomorrow... Today! storyline, M'gann's default physical form is that of a White Martian having embraced her heritage (and Martian physiology reflecting their state of mind). To compensate for her pyrophobia, adult M'Gann wears a forcefield that protects her from flame.

Weakness
Like all Martians, she can be weakened by fire. This is due to pyrophobia which all Martians suffer from, with fire being the Martian's "Achilles heel", equivalent to Kryptonians' weakness to Kryptonite. Exposure to fire typically causes her to lose control over some of her powers, which leaves her very faint and weakened. It was revealed, during the Trial By Fire storyline, that the Martian weakness to fire is an inbuilt psychosomatic effect, placed in the Martian race long ago by the Guardians of the Universe. The purpose of this was to prevent the Martians from reverting to a previous state in which they were highly aggressive, on the verge of interstellar conquest, and required flames and the psychic suffering of others to reproduce.

Other versions

Earth-16
On The New 52 DC Multiverse world of Earth-16, an alternate Miss Martian is glimpsed briefly in a swimming pool ensemble scene, although she has no dialogue within it. Earth-16 is a 'legacy'-based alternate Earth, where the Silver Age generation of metahumans have had children, or have relinquished active crimefighting to their former protégés. However, due to preprogrammed Superman robots, there is little active criminality left to fight, so metahumans undertake combat games. Whether Miss Martian is a member of the Teen Titans on this alternate Earth is unknown at present.

Tiny Titans
In the children's series Tiny Titans, Miss Martian is one of the younger toddlers and part of the "Little Tiny Titans" with Wildebeest and Jericho, often stretching her long, octopus arms to grab objects. She is often seen hugging the older Beast Boy, whom she calls "Bee Bee", due to his ability to turn into a puppy (ironically the opposite relationship of their Young Justice cartoon counterparts).

In other media

Television

 M'gann M'orzz / Miss Martian appears in Young Justice, voiced by Danica McKellar. This version is the niece of Martian Manhunter, being 48 in Earth years and 16 by Martian biological standards, has twelve sisters, and initially hid her White Martian heritage via a Green Martian form based on the protagonist of her favorite sitcom, Hello, Megan!. Throughout the first season, she joins the Team, enters a relationship with teammate Superboy, meets the star of Hello, Megan!, Marie Logan, and befriends her son Garfield Logan, who M'gann later gives a blood transfusion to save his life, contributing to his becoming Beast Boy. M'gann eventually comes clean to her teammates, who accept her for who she is, with Superboy in particular revealing he always knew because of their strong telepathic link. In second season, Invasion, she has adopted Beast Boy as a foster brother following Marie's death, but became darker and more aggressive towards those she deems "bad guys", often leaving them in catatonic states. After a failed attempt to manipulate Superboy's knowledge of an argument they had over her tactics, he broke up with her, leading to her entering a new relationship with Lagoon Boy. While taking revenge on Aqualad for Artemis Crock's apparent murder, M'gann learns the pair are working undercover to infiltrate the Light and gradually softens while restoring Aqualad's mind. Guilt-ridden over her selfish motives, she breaks up with Lagoon Boy and eventually reconciles with Superboy. As of season three, Outsiders, M'gann has altered her Martian form to reflect her White Martian roots, became the leader of the Team, re-encounters her brother M'comm, and has begun living with Superboy, who goes on to propose to her. In the fourth season, Phantoms, M'gann and Superboy travel to Mars to undergo a Martian wedding, though she is forced to address unresolved issues with her estranged siblings and the pair become involved in the Legion of Super-Heroes' efforts to stop Lor-Zod from freeing his parents, Dru-Zod and Ursa, from the Phantom Zone. After defeating the Zods, M'gann and Superboy return to Earth for an intimate earthen wedding.
 The Young Justice incarnation of Miss Martian makes a non-speaking appearance in the Teen Titans Go! episode "Let's Get Serious".
 Miss Martian appears in Supergirl, portrayed by Sharon Leal. In response to the horrors the White Martians committed against the Green Martians, this version aided the latter before fleeing to Earth, where she hid for 300 years. In the present, she encounters J'onn J'onzz while taking part in Roulette's alien fight club, but tries to keep her distance out of guilt for what her kind did to his until she is forced to give him a blood transfusion after he is attacked by the Parasite and gradually turn him into a White Martian. Upon being confronted, M'gann offers no resistance, hoping J'onn will kill her, but he imprisons her in the Department of Extranormal Operations (DEO)'s headquarters instead. Ultimately, he forgives her for what the White Martians did before she returns to Mars to form a White Martian resistance movement against White Martian oppression.

Film
 The Young Justice incarnation of Miss Martian makes a cameo appearance in Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery.
 Miss Martian makes a cameo appearance in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies.
 Miss Martian appears in Justice League vs. the Fatal Five, voiced by Daniela Bobadilla. This version is initially an associate of the Justice League before receiving membership after helping them defeat the Fatal Five.

Video games
 Miss Martian appears as a playable character in Young Justice: Legacy, voiced again by Danica McKellar.
 Miss Martian appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Laura Bailey.
 Miss Martian appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super Villains.

Miscellaneous
 Miss Martian appears in Smallville Season 11 Special. This version was held captive by Checkmate, but bonded with scientist King Faraday, who treated her like a surrogate daughter. Over time, Miss Martian took on an appearance based on his deceased daughter and adopts the alias "Megan Morse". Following Faraday's death, Miss Martian goes on a rampage, killing those she deems "evil" until Batman and Martian Manhunter find her. Despite initial difficulties, the latter bonds with her and she becomes his protege and niece. She would later join Jay Garrick's Teen Titans and enter a relationship with Conner Kent.
 Miss Martian appears in DC Super Hero Girls, voiced by Cristina Pucelli. This version is roommates with Killer Frost, Lady Shiva, and Star Sapphire.

See also
 Martian Manhunter
 One Year Later

References

External links
 Miss Martian at the DC Database

Characters created by Geoff Johns
Characters created by Tony S. Daniel
Comics characters introduced in 2006
DC Comics aliens
DC Comics characters who are shapeshifters
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics characters with accelerated healing
DC Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
 DC Comics characters with superhuman senses
DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics characters who have mental powers
DC Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
DC Comics female superheroes
DC Comics telekinetics
DC Comics telepaths
DC Comics sidekicks
DC Comics child superheroes
Fictional characters who can levitate
Fictional characters who can turn intangible
Fictional characters who can turn invisible
Fictional characters with X-ray vision
Fictional characters who can stretch themselves
Fictional characters with density control abilities
Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities
Fictional characters with slowed ageing
Fictional Martians
Fictional members of endangered species
Fictional empaths
Fictional illusionists
Fictional school counselors
Teenage characters in comics

Miss Martian


Jacques Prou (1655–1706) was a French Academic Baroque sculptor, a product of the Academy system overseen by Charles Le Brun. Trained in the Academy school in Paris. he spent four years (1676–80) refining his style at the French Academy in Rome, then returned to Paris to become a member of the team of the Bâtiments du Roi from 1681, providing sculpture for Versailles in the atelier of Jean-Baptiste Tuby, whose daughter he married. He was received as a full member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1682, presenting as his reception piece a bas-relief of Sculpture consulting Painting over the portrait of Louis XIV, now at the Musée du Louvre, which reveals his concern for surface textures adapted from the dominant art, painting At Versailles he became closely associated in projects for fountains and emblematic decorative sculpture with Antoine Coysevox, notably in the Escalier des princes, the salon opening onto it, and the Salon de la Guerre.

For Versailles he carved a vase on the theme The Infant Mars, following a design from the office of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. His work for Marly, 1683–84 and 1705, has disappeared.

His marble memorial portrait bust of the recently deceased Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans, only brother of Louis XIV, was exhibited at the Paris salon of 1704.

Notes

References
Lami, S. Dictionnaire des sculpteurs de l'école française du règne de Louis XIV (Paris) 1906, pp 415–17..

External links

1655 births
1706 deaths
17th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors
18th-century French sculptors
18th-century French male artists

Jacques Prou


Athinas Street () is a street in downtown Athens in Greece.  It is named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom.  The street runs from Ermou Street north to Omonoia Square through the Psiri neighborhood.  Its total length is nearly 1 km of which 80 m is a walkway since 1999.  Until 1999, it used to access with Omonoia Square, now motorists can now access it via Lykourgos Street east to Aiolou and 28 Oktovriou (Patissi) Street and other streets.  North of Lykourgos is a pedestrian walkway.  It has two lanes of traffic and room for curb parking.

Famous buildings includes the Athens City Hall on the west side and office towers northward.  The Modern Agora is east of Athinas Street.  Kotzia Square lies to the east with Karamanou Square also on the east.  Shops and residential buildings lies to the south with neo-classical buildings. In the middle of Athinas street is the Varvakeios municipal market. The oldest market in Athens    The rest of the architecture except for the city hall and square are modernistic. Metro Line 1 runs underneath Athinas street for its entire length.

In June 2008, the Mayor of Athens, Nikitas Kaklamanis, ordered the street pedestrianised.  The street will be closed to most traffic and emphasis will be given to making it one of Athens' greenest streets.

History

The road was first paved in the late-19th century.  Modernistic buildings were added in the 1950s to the north and later, street lights and traffic lights were posted at the used intersections including Ermou, Evrypidou, Sofokleous and Lykourgos.  In the 1990s, smaller lampposts were posted and the northern section along with Omonoia was under reconstruction and a section became a walkway, pedestrian traffic lights were added with full access to the Omonia metro station.

Intersections
In order from south to north

Ermou Street
Agiis Eirinis Street - east
Voreou Street - east
Protogenous Street - west
Vyssis Street - east
Pallados Street - west
Vlachava Street - east
Evrypidou Street
Aristogenous Street
Armodiou Street
Sofokleous Street
Kratinou Street - east
Kotzia Square
Efpolidos Street - east
Lykourgos Street - east
Omonoia Square

References

External links

Streets in Athens

Athinas Street


Rodrigo Malmierca Díaz (born October 14, 1956 in Havana) is a Cuban diplomat and politician. Malmierca is the Cuban Minister of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment (2009–present) as a result of the 2009 shake-up by Raúl Castro.  He was the Permanent Representative of Cuba to the United Nations from 2005 to 2009. He is married to Grisell Guadalupe Castano-Rey and they have two children.

Education
Ambassador Malmierca Díaz graduated in economics at the University of Havana in 1980. He followed with several postgraduate courses, including at the Higher Institute of International Relations in Havana in international relations and negotiation techniques; at the External Trade Institute of the Ministry of Foreign Trade in Havana, in foreign trade, and at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL) and Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica (CIDE) (Economic Research Centre) in Mexico City, in economic alternatives for Latin America. He speaks four languages: Spanish, English, French and Portuguese.

Political life
Prior to his appointment to the UN, from 2002 to 2005 was Cuba's Ambassador to Belgium, the European Union and Luxembourg. From 1998 to 2002, he served as Deputy Minister in his country's Ministry of Foreign Investment and Economic Cooperation in Havana.  In that same Ministry, he served as Director of the European and North American Division from 1997 to 1998.  Prior to this, he was Counsellor in charge of economic and trade affairs at the Cuban Embassy in Brasília, Brazil, from 1992 to 1997.  From 1982 to 1992 he was Specialist of Cooperation in the Division of Economic International Institutions of the State Committee for Economic Cooperation in Havana.  He started his career in 1981 in Project Management of the ECIMETAL Enterprise, also in Havana.

References

 The Miami Herald, Cuban Economy: Purge Aims to Halt Cuba's Economic Free Fall, Sunday March 8, 2009, Page 1A.

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20090306080555/http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/pdf/martes/pagina5.pdf
http://www.wtopnews.com/?nid=105&sid=1614566
https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=6992631
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE52868R20090309
https://web.archive.org/web/20090401152243/http://www.periodico26.cu/english/news_cuba/mar2009/official-note030209.html
http://www.embacubalebanon.com/cur_min1.html

Cuban diplomats
Government ministers of Cuba
Living people
1956 births
Ambassadors of Cuba to Belgium
Ambassadors of Cuba to Luxembourg
Ambassadors of Cuba to the European Union
Permanent Representatives of Cuba to the United Nations
Politicians from Havana
Communist Party of Cuba politicians
2000s in Cuba
2010s in Cuba
21st-century Cuban politicians

Rodrigo Malmierca Díaz


Das Wunder der Heliane (German for The Miracle of Heliane), Op. 20 is an opera in three acts by Erich Wolfgang Korngold, about "the redemptive power of love over injustice and adversity". The libretto was by Hans Müller-Einigen, after . It was first performed at the Hamburg State Opera on 7 October 1927. A suite for violin and piano based on the music from its famous aria "Ich ging zu ihm" is in print at Schott publishing.

After many successful premieres of other works across Germany, Korngold composed this new opera beginning in 1924. Before its premiere in 1927 Korngold claimed that it would be his masterwork.

Performance history
Heliane had its world premiere in Hamburg, to critical and public success, and it went on to be performed on 12 stages in the coming years, including Vienna and Berlin. In 1928 it was presented at the Berlin Städtische Oper under Bruno Walter, where it met with negative reviews from critics who felt the music was not modern. However it continued to be widely performed until the rise of Nazism led to the suppression of work by Jewish composers.

According to Brendan G. Carroll's article in the Grove Dictionary, Das Wunder der Heliane is arguably Korngold's greatest opera. While it might not have been as popular as his previous Die tote Stadt, within the artistic community there is evidence that there was admiration for the work. Lotte Lehman stated that her recording of its famous musical sequence, "Ich ging zu ihm", was among her favorites.

21st century
After the Second World War, Heliane was forgotten for some time. However, it was revived in the 21st century with high-profile performances in London, and a recording and performance at the BBC's Proms of "Ich ging zu ihm" sung by soprano Renée Fleming, which was included on Fleming's studio album.

In 2010 it was given at the Kaiserslautern Pfalztheater, under Uwe Sandner, director Johannes Reitmeier, set designer Daniel Dvorak, and costume designer Thomas Dörfler.  Its cast included: Sally du Randt (Heliane), Derrick Lawrence (Der Herrscher), Norbert Schmittberg (Der Fremde), Silvia Hablowetz (Die Botin), Alexis Wagner (Der Pförtner), Hans-Jörg Bock (Der blinde Scharfrichter), Alexandru Popescu (Der junge Mensch), Jung-Baik Seok, Michael McBride, Roland Goroll, Hubertus Bohrer, Eric Erlandsen, Miroslav Maj (Die sechs Richter), Elena Laborenz, and Galina Putintseva (Die seraphischen Stimmen).

In September 2017, a production at Opera Vlaanderen opened, directed by David Bösch and conducted by Alexander Joel with sets and costumes by Christof Hetzer. Its cast includes: Ausrine Stundyte (Heliane), Tómas Tómasson (Der Herrscher), Ian Storey (Der Fremde), Natascha Petrinsky (Die Botin), Denzil Delaere (Der Schwertrichter) and Markus Suihkonen (Der Pförtner).

The U.S. premiere took place 2019 at Bard College, New York, as part of the Thirtieth Annual Bard Music Festival. Leon Botstein conducted the American Symphony Orchestra in a production staged by Christian Räth.

Roles

Synopsis
Place: An unnamed totalitarian state
Time:  In an unknown era.

Act 1
The cruel Ruler exercises his power over the land. The Ruler suffers because he is unable to win the love of his wife Heliane. Since he is unhappy, he will not tolerate his subjects living in happiness. A young Stranger had recently arrived in the land and was bringing the people joy; as a result, he was arrested and sentenced to death. He will be executed at sunrise. The Ruler visits him in order to learn the reason for his actions. The Stranger pleads for mercy but the Ruler is firm on his death. However, he agrees to allow the Stranger to remain unchained this last night of his life. When her husband has left, Heliane comes to the cell to comfort the Stranger. As she speaks to the Stranger and realizes his goodness, her feelings of pity and sadness turn to love.
The Stranger tells Heliane how beautiful she is and she reveals to him her long golden hair. She then exposes her bare feet and then, finally, stands completely naked before him. The Stranger asks Heliane to give herself to him on his last night of life, but she refuses and goes to the chapel to pray for the Stranger. The Ruler returns to the cell, proposing that if the Stranger can teach Heliane to love the Ruler then he will spare his life and concede Heliane to him. Heliane returns, still naked. She is shocked to meet her husband in the cell. In anger, he orders the Stranger's death and Heliane's trial.

Act 2
The Ruler and his messenger (also his former lover whom he has rejected) await the coming of the executioner and the members of the high court. Heliane will be tried when the six judges and the blind Chief Justice arrive. The Ruler accuses her of adultery with the Stranger. Heliane cannot deny that she stood naked before the Stranger, but she insists that she gave herself to him in thought only. The Ruler presses his dagger into her breast telling her she should kill herself. The Stranger is brought in to testify but he will not speak, wanting to be left alone for a few moments with Heliane. He kisses her and then takes the dagger and kills himself, making it impossible for the Ruler to prove that Heliane is lying.  The Ruler dismisses the court and tells Heliane that she will be on trial before God: if she is innocent, as she claims, she must bring the Stranger back to life. Shocked, she agrees to undergo the trial.

Act 3
A crowd has assembled outside of the Ruler's palace. The Judges, together with the Chief Justice arrive to witness Heliane's attempt to bring the Stranger back to life. The messenger stirs up the crowd against Heliane as the test begins. She cries, she will not lie, admitting that she did love the young Stranger. When the Ruler sees her cry he wants to save her, but only on the condition that she will be his. Heliane resents her husband more than ever and she refuses this last offer for life. The crowd drags her away to the stake where she will die. Suddenly all are shocked as a thunder crashes. Just as suddenly, stars begin to appear in the sky and everyone is amazed to see the young Stranger's corpse rise, transfigured from the funeral bier. By some miracle he is alive. Heliane breaks away from the shocked crowd and runs into the arms of this Stranger whom she loves. In a fit of rage the Ruler plunges his sword into her breast. The Stranger offers a blessing to the people and banishes the ruler whose power is broken. The Stranger takes Heliane in his arms. United in their love they rise to heaven.

Recordings
Nicolai Gedda, Andreas Scholz, Anna Tomowa-Sintow, Gotthold Schwarz, Hartmut Welker, John de Haan, et al. Conductor: John Mauceri, Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. 3x CD, DDD, Decca, part of the "Entartete Musik" series.
Annemarie Kremer (soprano), Ian Storey (tenor), Aris Argiris (baritone), Katerina Hebelková (alto), Nuttaporn Thammathi (tenor), Conductor Fabrice Bollon. Philharmonisches Orchester Freiburg, Opernchor des Theater Freiburg, Extrachor des Theater Freiburg, Freiburg Bach Choir. Recorded at the Rolf-Böhme-Saal, Konzerthaus Freiburg, Germany, 20–26 July 2017. Naxos
Video recording: Sara Jakubiak (Helene), Brian Jagde (The Stranger), Josef Wagner (The Ruler), Okka von der Damerau (The Messenger), Derek Welton (The Doorman), Burkhard Ulrich (The Blind Judge), Gideon Poppe (The Young Man), Chorus and Orchestra of the Deutsche Oper Berlin, conductor: Marc Albrecht, (stage director: Christof Loy), 2018 Deutsche Oper Berlin, Naxos DVD and BD 2019.

References

Sources
 (Author unknown), "The Inspired Idea", Opera magazine, November 2007, p. 1310
 Adam, Thomas, Germany and the Americas, p. 624

External links
Synopsis @ Korngold Society
Information @ Schott Music (GER)
Recording of "Ich ging zu ihm" by Lotte Lehmann
 Synopsis in German and English

Operas by Erich Wolfgang Korngold
German-language operas
Operas
1927 operas
Opera world premieres at the Hamburg State Opera

Das Wunder der Heliane


The Force Bill, formally titled "An Act further to provide for the collection of duties on imports",  (1833), refers to legislation enacted by the 22nd U.S. Congress on March 2, 1833, during the nullification crisis.

Passed by Congress at the urging of President Andrew Jackson, the Force Bill consisted of eight sections expanding presidential power and was designed to compel the state of South Carolina's compliance with a series of federal tariffs, opposed by John C. Calhoun and other leading South Carolinians. Among other things, the legislation stipulated that the president could, if he deemed it necessary, deploy the U.S. Army to force South Carolina to comply with the law.

The relevant sections of the Force Bill are:
 Section 1 deals with unlawful obstructions to the collections of import duties; by securing ports and harbors for the protection of duty collectors, allowing for the detention of vessels and cargoes to enforce revenue laws, and authorizes the president to use armed forces to protect customs officers and to prevent the unauthorized removal of untaxed vessels and cargo.
 Section 2 expands the jurisdiction of federal courts to cases arising from revenue collections by the U.S. government and allows injured parties in revenue cases to sue in court.  It deems property detained by customs officers to be in the custody of the law, subject to disposition by court order only, and criminalizes anyone who circumvents the legal process in regaining detained property as guilty of a misdemeanor.
 Section 5 deals with States, or portions within a state, who employ force, or any other unlawful means, to obstruct the execution of U.S. federal law, or interfere with the process of any federal court.  This section authorizes the president to use whatever force necessary to suppress such insurrections, "and to cause the said laws or process to be duly executed".
 Section 6 deals with states that refuse to jail persons imprisoned under federal law. It authorizes U.S. marshals to jail such persons in "other convenient places, within the limits of said state" and to make provisions for this purpose.
 Section 8 is a sunset clause, stating that the "first and fifth sections of this act, shall be in force until the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer."

Background behind implementation

South Carolina had been sorely disappointed by negotiations surrounding the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.  The state declared the two acts unconstitutional and refused to collect federal import tariffs. President Andrew Jackson saw the nullification doctrine as being equivalent to treason.

In an early draft of what would eventually become his "Proclamation to the People of South Carolina" on December 10, 1832, Jackson declared to the South Carolina government:

Seduced as you have been, my fellow countrymen by the delusion theories and misrepresentation of ambitious, deluded & designing men, I call upon you in the language of truth, and with the feelings of a Father to retrace your steps.  As you value liberty and the blessings of peace blot out from the page of your history a record so fatal to their security  as this ordinance will become if it be obeyed.  Rally again under the banners of the union whose obligations you in common with all your countrymen have, with an appeal to heaven, sworn to support, and which must be indissoluble as long as we are capable of enjoying freedom. Recollect that the first act of resistance to the laws which have been denounced as void by those who abuse your confidence and falsify your hopes is Treason, and subjects you to all the pains and penalties that are provided for the highest offence against your country.  Can (you)...consent to become Traitors?  Forbid it Heaven!

Meanwhile, Congress passed the Force Bill, which was enacted on March 2, 1833. It authorized the president to use whatever force he deemed necessary to enforce federal tariffs. As a matter of principle, the South Carolina legislature voted to nullify the Force Bill, but simultaneously, a Compromise Tariff was passed by Congress, defusing the crisis.

While the Force Bill rejected the concept of individual states' rights to nullify federal law or to secede from the Union, this was not universally accepted. It would arise again in the buildup to the American Civil War.

References

1833 in American law
1833 in the United States
22nd United States Congress
Andrew Jackson
United States federal trade legislation
United States federal legislation articles without infoboxes

Force Bill


Somerset, İngiltere ülkesinin Güney Batı İngiltere bölgesinde iki seviyeli bir metropoliten olmayan kontluk ve yine o bölgede bulunan tek seviyeli metropoliten olmayan yerel bölge/boroughlar için bir "törensel kontluk"'dur.

Yerleşim yerleri

ABD
Somerset, Colorado
Somerset, Illinois
Somerset, Indiana
Somerset, El Dorado County, Kaliforniya
Somerset, Siskiyou County, Kaliforniya,
Somerset, Kentucky
Somerset, Maryland
Somerset, Massachusetts
Somerset Township, Michigan
Somerset Collection, a mall in Troy, Michigan
Somerset Township, Minnesota
Somerset, Nebraska
Somerset, Mercer County, New Jersey
Somerset, New Jersey, in Somerset County
Somerset Airport (New Jersey), a public-use airport in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States
Somerset, New York
Somerset, Ohio
Somerset, Pensilvanya
Somerset Township, Somerset County, Pensilvanya
Somerset Township, Washington County, Pensilvanya
Somerset (SEPTA station), a rapid-transit station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Somerset, Texas
Somerset, Vermont
Somerset, Virginia
Somerset (Powhatan, Virginia), a place on the NRHP in Powhatan County, Virginia
Somerset, Washington
Somerset (town), Wisconsin
Somerset, Wisconsin, a village
 4 tane Somerset County
Somerset County, Maine
Somerset County, Maryland
Somerset County, New Jersey
Somerset County, Pensilvanya

Avustralya
Somerset College (Australia), a private, non-denominational Christian school located in Mudgeeraba, Gold Coast, Australia
Somerset Region, local government area in South East Queensland
Lake Somerset, in Queensland
Somerset, Queensland
Somerset, Tasmania

Bermuda
Somerset Island, Bermuda
Somerset Village, Bermuda

Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti
Somerset East
Somerset West
Somerset Hospital (Cape Town), in the Green Point area of Cape Town, South Africa opened in 1864

Kanada
Somerset, Calgary, a neighborhood in Calgary, Alberta
Somerset, Kings County, Nova Scotia
Somerset, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
Somerset, Manitoba, an unincorporated community in south-central Manitoba, Canada
Somerset Aerodrome, located southwest of Somerset, Manitoba, Canada
Somerset Island (Nunavut), a large, uninhabited island
Somerset Ward, a city ward in the city of Ottawa, Canada

Singapore
Somerset MRT Station, an underground station on the North South Line of the Mass Rapid Transit in Singapore

Kişiler

Önadı
W. Somerset Maugham (1874–1965), English author
Somerset Maxwell, 8th Baron Farnham (1803–1884), MP for Cavan
Somerset Maxwell, 10th Baron Farnham (1849–1900), Irish Representative peer
Somerset Arthur Maxwell (1905–1942), MP for King's Lynn

Soyadı
Anne Somerset (historian) (born 1955), English historian and writer
Anne Somerset, Countess of Northumberland (1538–1596), English noblewoman
Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (1497–1587), wife of Lord Protector Somerset
Lord Arthur Somerset (1780–1816), MP for Monmouthshire
Lord Arthur Somerset (1851–1926), British aristocrat
Arthur Somerset (cricketer) (1855–1937), English first class cricketer.
Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester (1460–1526), 1st Earl of Worcester and husband of Elizabeth Browne
Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester (1660–1698), eldest son of Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort
Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (1709–1756), younger son of Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort
Lord Charles Somerset (1767–1831), General and governor of the Cape Colony, South Africa, from 1814 to 1826
Lord Edward Somerset (1776–1842), British soldier, son of the 5th duke of Beaufort
Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester (1601?–1667), styled Lord Herbert of Ragland, English nobleman, son of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester
Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (bef. died 1628), English aristocrat, adviser to James I, serving as Lord Privy Seal
FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788–1855)
Henry Somerset, 9th Duke of Beaufort (1847–1924), between 1853 and 1899, was a British peer
James Somersett, slave who was party to the Somersett's Case of 1772, which abolished slavery in England

Gemiler
SAS Somerset,
HMS Somerset (1698),
HMS Somerset (1731),
HMS Somerset (1748),
HMS Somerset (F82), 1994
USS Somerset (1862),
USS Somerset (AK-212),
USS Somerset (LPD-25),
USS Somerset (1917),

Diğer

Somerset House,

Somerset (anlam ayrımı)


In the case of Meadows v Minister for Justice, Equality, and Law Reform [2010] IESC 3; [2010] 2 IR 701; [2011] 2 ILRM 157, the Supreme Court of Ireland found that the proportionality test should be used when reviewing administrative actions that implicate fundamental rights protected by both the Irish Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights. While the case concerned an application for judicial review of an asylum decision, the decision was described as carrying "implications for the whole body of Irish administrative law".

Background
The appellant in the case, Ms Meadows, was a Nigerian national who had sought refugee status. According to the appellant, she faced threats to her life in Nigeria and also feared being forced into an arranged marriage and being subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) against her will. Ms Meadows was unsuccessful in her claim of refugee status and subsequently the Refugee Appeals Tribunal found that Ms Meadows was not a refugee within the meaning of section 2 the Refugee Act 1996 as amended, affirming the prior decision. While the Tribunal accepted that FGM constituted torture, the Tribunal found that the appellant had not "established a credible connection between her circumstances, on the one hand, and forced marriage and FGM on the other".

In response to a letter from the Minister for Justice giving notice of a proposed deportation order, counsel for the appellant made representations to the Minister, arguing that her removal would contravene Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The letter emphasised the request to be permitted to submit expert evidence on Nigeria that outlined the likelihood of subjection to FGM. The Minister's letter had confined itself to stating that he was satisfied that the provisions of section 5 (prohibition of refoulement) of the Refugee Act 1996 had been complied with. Without communicating further with the appellant or her legal representatives, the Minister made a formal deportation order.

The appellant sought judicial review of the deportation decision in the High Court. In order to be granted judicial review of the decision, "substantial grounds" would have to be established. There was "a point of contention" as regards the appropriate means by which grounds for review could be assessed. While some judges had considered applications for leave to challenge administrative decisions under the standard of "anxious scrutiny", other judges had applied the standard of unreasonableness as laid down in O'Keeffe v An Bord Pleanála [1993] 1 IR 3. The High Court refused Ms Meadow's application for leave, but certified a point of law to the Supreme Court. The question was put: "In determining the reasonableness of an administrative decision which affects or concerns constitutional rights or fundamental rights, is it correct to apply the standard as set out in O'Keeffe v An Bord Pleanála?"

Supreme Court
The question certified to the Supreme Court was much broader than Ms Meadow's application for leave. The decision would have relevance "to all administrative decisions, not just those in the field of immigration and asylum, and all constitutional or fundamental rights, not just those which might have been implicated in the instant case". The decision of the Supreme Court was reached in a three to two majority decision, with the majority of the Court rejecting the "anxious scrutiny" standard and finding that proportionality was relevant to the assessment of reasonableness of administrative decisions affecting fundamental rights.

Following an assessment of the standards of review of administrative decisions in Ireland, Denham J asserted that where "fundamental rights are in issue, such rights form part of the constitutional jurisdiction of the court in which a reasonable decision is required to be made and, if made, analysed". In considering the facts of Ms Meadow's appeal, Fennelly J referred to the absence of a reference in the decision of the Minister to relevant material concerning the prevalence of FGM in Nigeria. According to Fennelly J, "the difficulty posed by the form of the Minister's decision is not merely his failure to provide reason for his decision, though that is undoubtedly the case, but that the decision is defective as a result".

References

Supreme Court of Ireland cases
2010 in Irish law
Irish constitutional law
2010 in case law

Meadows v. Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform


A literacy test is a test of literacy. People have been tested for the power to read and write for a long time. In much of the 20th century, literacy tests were used to keep African Americans from voting. Voters had to have some kind of knowledge of the United States and the test taker would ask how many states there were and how many senators were in each state. Then the African American would have to sit and take the literacy test while the white man only had to pay $1.50. This was another way the Jim Crow laws segregated or separated whites from blacks.

Discrimination
Tests

Literacy test


Francis Edward Wilkins (1864 in St. Louis, Missouri – March 10, 1908 in Lacombe, Alberta) was a politician in Northwest Territories, Canada.

Francis moved with his family to a homestead near Red Deer in 1890.

Francis was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories in the 1891 Northwest Territories general election after Robert Brett the incumbent decided to run in the new Banff riding.

Francis was defeated after serving one term in the 1894 Northwest Territories general election finishing last in a 3 way contest.

Francis ran for Mayor in the 1905 Mayoral race for the city of Red Deer, Alberta Francis was defeated by incumbent Mayor Edward Michener by 8 votes.

He died in 1908.

External links
History of the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly 1876 - 1905
City of Red Deer Mayoralty  elections 1901 - 2004
Alberta pioneer profiles Francis Wilkins

1864 births
1908 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
American emigrants to Canada

Francis Wilkins


The Darwin Channel forms a westward continuation of the Aisén Fjord and links it to the Pacific Ocean at Isquiliac Island. It is located in the coast of Chile at approximately 45.4° south latitude. This is one of the main channels situated between the islands of the Chonos Archipelago. Darwin Channel opens in the northern part of Darwin Bay and is considered the best of those which lead to Moraleda Channel, its navigation is free of dangers.

External links
 United States Hydrographic Office, South America Pilot (1916)
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070311034816/http://shoa.cl/cendhoc/cimar-4/Proyectos/fierro/Fierro-tabla4.htm

Straits of Chile
Landforms of Aysén Region

Darwin Channel


Tehran Research and Planning Center (TRPC), or Tehran Urban Planning & Research Center (TUPRC) was established in 1978 as Supervisory on Tehran's, Iran expansion. In 1980 the preparation of strategic development plans was added to it duties. Activities of this center were concentrated on "strategic studies" since 2007.

The TRPC is a center for scientific studies, supporting the studies in urban management, Civil engineering scientific studies and crisis management in Tehran in 2016. Almost all of the personals that work in TRPC have PhD degree or they are PhD students that are graduated from the best universities all around the world.

References

Organisations based in Tehran
Organizations established in 1978
1978 establishments in Iran

Tehran Research and Planning Center


{{Infobox racehorse
| horsename = Soothsayer
| image_name =Soothsayer (horse).jpg
| caption = Soothsayer', Winner of the St Leger| sire = Sorcerer
| grandsire = Trumpator
| dam = Golden Locks
| damsire = Delpini
| sex = Stallion
| foaled = 1808
| country = United Kingdom
| colour = Chestnut
| breeder = Richard Gascoigne
| owner = Richard GascoigneThomas Foley, 3rd Baron Foley
| trainer = T Sykes
| record = 7: 4–1–1
| earnings =
| race = St Leger Stakes (1811)Doncaster Stakes (1811)Match against Phantom (1813)
| awards= Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland (1819)
| honours =
| updated=
}}
Soothsayer (1808–1827) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1811. Bred and originally trained in Yorkshire he won the St Leger on his third racecourse appearance when still unnamed. He was later sold and trained for the remainder of his racing career at Newmarket where he won a valuable sweepstakes in 1812 and a match race against the Derby winner Phantom in 1813. He later became a successful breeding stallion, siring two classic winners and being the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1819. He was later exported to Russia where he died in 1827.

Background
Soothsayer was a large, golden chestnut horse with no white markings bred in Yorkshire by his owner Richard Oliver Gascoigne. His sire, Sorcerer, was bred by Sir Charles Bunbury and was a half-brother of the 1801 Derby winning mare Eleanor. Sorcerer was an unusually large black horse who won several important races and became a successful breeding stallion. His progeny included the Derby winner Smolensko, the 2000 Guineas winners Wizard and Trophonius, and the Oaks winners Morel, Maid of Orleans and Sorcery. Sorcerer was the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1811, 1812 and 1813.
Soothsayer's dam Golden Locks (or Goldenlocks) was a daughter of Violet, an influential broodmare whose other descendants included the St Leger winners Symmetry and Jerry as well as The Oaks winner Theophania.

Racing career

1811: three-year-old season
Until 1913, there was no requirement for British racehorses to have official names, and the horse who later became known as Soothsayer competed in 1811 as Mr. Gascoigne's ch. c. by Sorcerer.

Mr Gascoigne's colt was unraced as a two-year-old and did not make his first appearance until 20 August at York Racecourse. He started the 1/2 favourite for the three runner Peregrine Stakes over one and three-quarter miles but finished second to Mr. Garforth's bay colt by Hambletonian. On 23 September at Doncaster Racecourse Mr Gascoigne's colt was one of twenty-four colts and fillies to contest the thirty-sixth running of the St Leger Stakes. Ridden by Ben Smith he was made the 6/1 second choice in the betting behind Mr Astley's colt Magic, the 2/1 favourite, who had finished second to Phantom in the Derby. He won the classic from Amadis de Gaul, with Scamp in third place. Two days later at the same meeting, the still-unnamed colt added a win in the Doncaster Stakes.

Before the end of the year, the St Leger winner was sold for 2000 guineas to Lord Foley, and officially named Soothsayer''.

1812: four-year-old season
For the 1812 season, Soothsayer raced exclusively at Newmarket Racecourse and began his four-year-old season on 16 April at the Craven meeting. Despite carrying top weight of 130 pounds he started 5/4 favourite for a ten furlong sweepstakes and won the 750 guineas prize by beating the Duke of Rutland's colt Grimalkin by a neck. This proved to be Soothsayer's only win of the season. At the next Newmarket meeting two weeks later he started 2/1 joint favourite for a 1200 guinea sweepstakes but finished unplaced behind Rainbow and Sorcery.

After a break of six months, Soothsayer returned for the Newmarket Hoghton meeting in late October, where he had three engagements, but raced only once. He was withdrawn from both the Garden Stakes (won by Grimalkin) and a match against the Duke of Rutland's filly Elizabeth before finishing last of the three runners behind Sorcery in a sweepstakes over the Abington Mile course.

1813: five-year-old season
Soothsayer's only race of 1813 came on 19 April, the opening day of the Craven meeting, when he ran a ten furlong match race against the 1811 Epsom Derby winner Phantom, with each classic winner carrying 119 pounds. Phantom was made the 2/5 betting favourite, but Soothsayer, ridden by Bill Clift defeated the Derby winner easily to claim a 500 guinea prize. Soothsayer was entered in the Garden Stakes on 18 October, but did not run, with Foley paying a 50 guinea forfeit.

Stud career
Soothsayer began his stud career at Newmarket in 1814, standing at a fee of 20 guineas, and a guinea for the groom.

Soothsayer was an immediate success as a breeding stallion. In his first season, he sired Interpreter who won the 2000 Guineas and Filagree, who became an extremely successful broodmare, producing Cobweb (1000 Guineas and Oaks Stakes), Charlotte West (Oaks) and Riddlesworth (2000 Guineas). His next crop of foals included the Derby winner Tiresias whose victories in 1819 enabled Soothsayer to become that year's Champion sire. By this time he was standing at Chippenham, near Newmarket at a fee of 25 guineas.

Despite his success, Soothsayer's popularity appeared to wane, and by 1821 he was standing at Lambton Park, County Durham for 10 guineas a mare. Two years later he was sold and exported to Russia, where he died in 1827.

 Sire line tree Soothsayer'''
Interpreter
Welbeck
Tiresias
Bud

Pedigree

* Soothsayer is inbred 4S × 4S to the stallion Matchem, meaning that he appears twice fourth generation on the sire side of his pedigree.

References

1808 racehorse births
1827 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 15
Godolphin Arabian sire line
St Leger winners

Soothsayer (horse)


Sidi Belhassen Chedly Mausoleum is a mausoleum in Tunisia, located near the Jellaz cemetery  south of Tunis.

Description
The mausoleum is built on the place of spiritual retreats and teaching of one of the most revered Sufi saints in the Maghreb, Abu Hassan al-Shadhili. It has been rebuilt more than a dozen times since his death in Egypt in 1258.

The mausoleum consists of two sites, the first of which, the Kabira Mamiyya tourbet, located on the highest point of the hill, is built on the place of retirement and residence of the saint and houses the symbolic tomb of Abu Hassan al-Shadhili. In its current form, it was built by Abu l-Hasan Ali I  in the 1740s, a large annex room shelters the tombs of his wife, the pious Kabira Mamiyya who gave his name to the building, and of several other women of the princely house of the Husainid dynasty

Gallery

References

Mausoleums in Tunisia
Sufism in Africa
Sufi Islamic holy places

Sidi Belhassen Chedly Mausoleum


The Azores High also known as North Atlantic (Subtropical) High/Anticyclone or the Bermuda-Azores High, is a large subtropical semi-permanent centre of high atmospheric pressure typically found south of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, at the Horse latitudes. It forms one pole of the North Atlantic oscillation, the other being the Icelandic Low. The system influences the weather and climatic patterns of vast areas of North Africa, Western Asia, Southern Europe, and to a lesser extent, eastern North America. The aridity of the Sahara Desert and the summer drought of the Mediterranean Basin is due to the large-scale subsidence and sinking motion of air in the system. In its summer position, the high is centered near Bermuda, and creates a southwest flow of warm tropical air toward the East Coast of the United States. In summer, the Azores-Bermuda High is strongest. The central pressure hovers around 1024 mbar (hPa).

This high-pressure block exhibits anticyclonic behaviour, circulating the air clockwise. Due to this direction of movement, African eastern waves are impelled along the southern periphery of the Azores High away from coastal West Africa towards the Caribbean, Central America, or the Bahamas, favouring tropical cyclogenesis, especially during the hurricane season.

Variations

Research into global warming suggests that it may be intensifying the Bermuda High in some years, independently of oscillations such as ENSO, leading to more precipitation extremes across the Southeastern United States. Latitudinal displacement of the ridge is also occurring, and computer models depict more westward expansion of the anticyclone in the future. However, during the winter of 2009–2010, the Azores High was smaller, displaced to the northeast and weaker than usual, allowing sea surface temperatures in the Central Atlantic to increase quickly.

See also

 Asiatic Low
 Hadley cell
 Cold front
 Mediterranean tropical cyclone

References

High
Anticyclones
Regional climate effects
Atlantic Ocean
Climate of Portugal

Azores High


Parapotamos (Greek: Παραπόταμος Λάρισας) is a settlement of the municipal unit of Makrychori, which is part of the municipality of Tempi, northern Greece. It is situated on the right bank of the river Pineios. The people of the area are mostly farmers and the settlement is famous for its olive production.

External links
Παραπόταμος Λάρισας on wikimapia

Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)
Tempi (municipality)

Parapotamos, Larissa


Screen tearing is a type of video error. It can happen when multiple video frames are displayed at a single time on a computer monitor. The frames will each be shown on different parts of the screen, and can leave horizontal lines if the pictures are different at the point.

Screen tearing can be stopped by synchronizing the frames that are put on the screen. Vertical synchronization, or VSync, is one popular way. Another way is FreeSync or G-Sync, but these options only work with certain GPUs and monitors.

Graphics

Screen tearing


Camp Kearny was a U.S. military base (first Army, later Navy) in San Diego County, California, on the site of the current Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. It operated from 1917 to 1946. The base was named in honor of Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny.

History

Establishment and early years

The camp was established by the Army in 1917 on  of land on a mesa north of San Diego. The area included the  Miramar Ranch, which had originally been established by newspaperman E. W. Scripps and later sold to the Jessop family. It was Scripps who named the area Miramar, meaning "view of the sea".

The new base was named in honor of Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny, a leader in the Mexican–American War who also served as a military governor of California. Camp Kearny was one of 32 new camps created by the Army in 1917 as a mobilization and training facility for troops on their way to battlegrounds of World War I. The first commander was Major James Stuart McKnight. Army aircraft occasionally landed on the parade ground, but an actual airfield was not established during World War I.

After the war, the camp was used as a demobilization center; Joseph E. Kuhn commanded the post until it was closed in 1920. It was largely abandoned after 1920 but was retained by the government for use as a military and civilian airfield. The U.S. Public Health Service used it for a time. In 1927 the Ryan Aircraft Company used the field to weight-test the plane The Spirit of St. Louis which they were then building for Charles A. Lindbergh. During 1929–1930 the facility was known as Airtech Field, operated by the San Diego Air Service Corp.

United States Navy use
In 1932 the Navy installed a mooring mast for helium dirigibles on the base. The mast was used for visits by the Navy's two enormous airships, the USS Akron and USS Macon, each  long. The Akron first visited Camp Kearny on 11 May 1932. That mooring ended in disaster when a gust of wind carried the airship upward, killing two ground handlers and injuring a third. However, the Navy continued to use the facility, and the Macon moored at Camp Kearny four times during 1934. The airships were homeported at Moffett Field in Sunnyvale, California, whose civic leaders had won a vigorous public relations battle with San Diego in the late 1920s to become the host of the Navy's airfield for dirigibles.

In 1940 the Navy began a series of projects to improve and expand Camp Kearny. By 1941 the base contained more than . On 20 February 1943, the area was commissioned as Naval Auxiliary Air Station Camp Kearny. (By then the misspelling "Kearney" had become so common that the base was actually commissioned as "NAAS Camp Kearney".) It had three runways: a  asphalt runway mainly used for aircraft parking, and two  concrete runways. The primary mission of the base was training pilots in the use of PB4Y Liberators (B-24s), which were built by the nearby Consolidated Aircraft Company.

United States Marine Corps use
In 1934 part of the base was leased to the Marine Corps to use for maneuvers and gunnery ranges. At the beginning of World War II the Marines took over the northern portion of Camp Kearny, which they christened Marine Corps Air Depot Camp Kearny. In 1943 the Marines changed their station name to Marine Corps Air Depot Miramar to avoid confusion with the Navy base. The Marine base was mainly used to process Marine squadrons en route to the South Pacific. At various times it was the headquarters of Marine Aircraft Group 11, Marine Aircraft Group 12, Marine Aircraft Group 13, Marine Aircraft Group 14, Marine Aircraft Group 15 and Marine Air Warning Group 2 (MAWG-2) before they deployed to the Pacific.

The Marines also developed a training base on the grounds of Camp Kearny called Camp Holcomb, named for Major-General Thomas Holcomb who was then commandant of the Marine Corps. By 1940 the number of volunteer recruits was overwhelming the local training base, Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, so the Marines replaced Camp Holcomb with a much larger training base directly east of Camp Kearny which was called Camp Elliott, named for George F. Elliott, a former commandant of the Marine Corps.

After the end of the war, the Navy used Camp Kearny for demobilization. On 1 May 1946, the Navy departed Camp Kearny, handing it over to the Marines, and the station became MCAS Miramar. In 1947, the Marines moved to MCAS El Toro in Orange County, California, and Miramar was redesignated as a Naval Auxiliary Air Station, NAAS Miramar, followed by upgrade to full air station status as a Master Jet Base and renamed NAS Miramar. Miramar remains active in 2021, as home to the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, the aviation element of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force.

Rosedale Naval Outlying Landing Field

Rosedale Naval Outlying Landing Field was built as Rosedale Field in 1938 just south of Camp Kearny. Rosedale Field was used for San Diego Naval Air Station's aircraft carrier plane high-altitude bombing, dive-bombing and strafing practice. Also for emergency landing activities. After the war in 1945, the Landing Field was abandoned and no trace remains.

See also
 California during World War II
 List of United States Marine Corps bases

References

20th century in San Diego
Installations of the United States Army in California
Military installations established in 1917
1917 establishments in California
Military installations closed in 1946
1946 disestablishments in California
Closed installations of the United States Navy
Closed installations of the United States Army
California in World War II

Camp Kearny


The Sword of Monte Cristo is a 1951 American adventure movie directed by Maurice Geraghty and is based on the 1844 novel The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas. It stars George Montgomery, Rita Corday, Berry Kroeger, William Conrad, Robert Warwick, Acquanetta, Trevor Bardette, Steve Darnell and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1951 adventure movies
American adventure movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies

The Sword of Monte Cristo