Advent (Original Asturian Ad-vientu; ) is a 2016 Spanish and Chinese co-production psychological drama film, written and directed by Roberto F. Canuto and Xu Xiaoxi, and produced by the film company of the directors, Almost Red Productions, and Arkadin Ediciones in association with Producciones Viesqueswood.

The film represents the first movie of the directors filmed entirely in Spain and it is spoken in a local language, the asturian language (something unusual in the Spanish cinema). It was shot in Asturias, with locations in the medieval center of the city of Avilés, the historical Cemetery La Carriona and some beaches and walkways of Carreño, mainly in Perlora and Xivares.

Advient is a psychological mystery drama film that tells the story of Suso, a dazed young unemployed man that tries to discover the identity of an unusual girl, who he spies on a secluded beach, as she reminds him of his dead mother. She runs throwing herselfoff a cliff, but it will not be the last time that she crosses his path. The main character is performed by David Soto Giganto, an actor from the "Youth National Company of Classic Theater" and in the rest of the cast we find actors mainly from the "Dramatic Art Academy of Asturias", like Ici Díaz, o Beatriz Meré, together with other experienced actors as Lidia Méndez o David Blanka.

The music is composed by the italo-American master Andrea Centazzo, being Advent the sixth collaboration of the directors with the musician.

The world premiere of Advent took place at the 54th Gijón International Film Festival on 25 November 2016 and the film obtained the Audience Award Dia D'Asturies for Best Short Film. It will start the international festival circuit in 2017.

Plot
A young and confused guy observes a strange lady on a secluded beach, since she reminds him of somebody from his past. The woman, after warning him about a danger, throw herself off of a cliff. Suso gets confused and tries to find support from a friend, but she doesn't understand him. When he visits his mother's grave, he meets the girl again. His confusion is made bigger by the effects of alcohol, but soon the truth will be revealed, that confronts him with his own identity and with his past.

Cast
 David Soto Giganto as Suso
 Ici Díaz as Cova
 Lidia Méndez as Vicky
 David Blanka as Xuan
 Beatriz Meré as Pipi
 Leyre Fernández Castañón as Little Girl
 María de Los Casares as Xuan's friend
 Jose Manuel Monge García as Guy in the Street

Production and Directors Commentary

Advent (Ad-vientu) is the first film shot in Spain by the directors, after their previous works in China (Floating Melon (2015), Ni Jing: Thou Shalt Not Steal (2013) and in the States (Desire Street, Toto Forever and Mei Mei). The production took place at the beginning of 2016 in Asturias and it had many limitations since it did not have any official subsidy. The postproduction start 18 January 2016 in China, with further collaborations with Asturias (regarding sound editing), the United States (music composition) and South Africa (graphic design). The main post-production process finishes in August 2016.

The director, Roberto F. Canuto, mention that the intention they had when they develop the story was that "the audience experience the emotions of the main character. For that reason we don't explain the past of the character and the reasons for the perturbed psychology of Suso, but we focus in the emotions, his status of mind in the present and his psychological drama as it happens in the film."  We tried to portray the psychological drama that lives within the main character, who is facing the abyss due to the lack of social prospects and future, living a moment in which the ghosts of his past invade his mind. We touch an important and sensitive issue, the issue of suicide...Although we try to understand the psychology of someone in these circumstances, there will almost always be many aspects that escape our reasoning. Hence, we focus on the inner experience of the character, his feelings or lack of understanding and love in their childhood, and his personal environment. We decided to approach the character from the emotional point of view rather than rational. Look throughhis own eyes and feelings, going in depth into his inner world.

The use of asturian language has a great significance in the film. According to the directors, "it is a language that needs to expand and get support to get the status of official language. The use of the language (devoid of a market accent), together with the poetic cinematography and a suggestive music, creates a very special atmosphere". The language helps to build the universe of the character, a world where the character is isolated and dreams with recover the happiness of his past.

The use of local minority languages is not new in the career of the directors. In their previous works, Ni Jing: Thou Shalt Not Steal (2013) and Floating Melon (2015), shot in China, they managed without the official Mandarin language to use the own dialect of the province of Sichuan, the Sichuanese Mandarin.

The title of the film has its etymological origin in the Latin "adventus" (arrival) and it was used in the old times to announce the arrival of an important character. In Spanish language "adviento" is used almost exclusively in a religious context, but in English language has the two meanings. To refer to the origin of the word, the original title of the film separates the Latin roots of the word (Ad-ventus).

One of the aspects remarkable in the films of the directors is the promotional materials. In the case of "Advent", the design of the poster, with vibrant colors and mix of textures (that reflect the atmosphere of the film), was carried out by the South African prestigious artist Su Opperman.

Music

The author of the soundtrack is the Italian-American composer Andrea Centazzo, a regular collaborator of directors and multi-awarded author, also one of the masters of the avant-garde music.
The music express the inner world of Suso, the main character of the film. In the soundtrack include incidental music and experimental compositions, together with some melodic cues, to produce a diversity of emotions parallel to the confusion of feelings of the main character.
The collaboration between the directors and the composer started in 2008, Advent being the sixth collaboration, following Mei Mei, Toto Forever, Desire Street, Ni Jing: Thou Shalt Not Steal and Floating Melon.

Reception

The film premiere at the 54th Gijón International Film Festival in Spain, on 25 November 2016. The reception was very positive and the film received many press coverage due to the expectation created a film in asturian language and co-directed by a Spaniard and a Chinese. Advent obtained in the festival the "Audience award Dia D'Asturies" for Best Short Film in a gala that took place at the "Teatro Jovellanos" of Gijón on 26 November 2016.

It is expected that the film start the international festival circuit in 2017.

Awards and nominations
(Awards won are in bold)
 Audience Award Dia d'Asturies for Best Short Film at the 54th Gijon International Film Festival 2016.

References

External links

 Advent (Ad-vientu) at Douban (Chinese film website)
 Advent (Ad-vientu) (2016) at Flixster
 Advent Trailer at Tudou (Chinese)
 Trailer Ad-vientu (Advent, YouTube
 Ad-vientu Official Pressbook English at Issuu
 "Advent" Interview Roberto F. Canuto & Xu Xiaoxi at Alderiques D'Asturies (Spanish)
 "Advent" Interview with directors at Asturies.com (Asturian)
 "Advent" Interview with Producer at Cadena SER (Spanish)
 "Advent" Interview with Roberto F. Canuto, Min. 40 at "Pasín a Pasu" in Radiotelevisión del Principado de Asturias (Spanish)
 News Award in Gijon International Film Festival at 20 minutos (Spanish)
 Interview Ad-vientu: Roberto F. Canuto & Laura Prieto at "Iniciativa por Asturianu" in YouTube
 Interview Roberto F. Canuto & Laura Prieto at "El Tren" from Radiotelevisión del Principado de Asturias

2016 films
2010s psychological drama films
Films set in Spain
Chinese drama films
Spanish independent films
Chinese short films
Spanish drama short films
Asturian language
Cinema, Asturian
2016 short films
2016 drama films
Chinese independent films
Films shot in Asturias

Advent (film)


The 1937 Grand Prix season was the fifth AIACR European Championship season. The championship was won by Rudolf Caracciola, driving for the Mercedes-Benz team. Caracciola won three of the five events that counted towards the championship.

This season saw the most powerful Grand Prix cars so far, Mercedes-Benz supercharged 5.6L inline-8 engines boasting nearly 650 bhp. Considering that an average saloon car produced around 25 bhp at the time, the performance of these single-seaters was extremely high compared with any other season in modern motorsport; so much so that for the first time ever, regulations were put in force for the following year to limit the engines' size capacity to reduce their power and to add weight to the cars to make them slower. Mercedes-Benz's development of their technology was thanks almost entirely to the state-subsidies that they were receiving from the Nazi German government at the time. The amount of power the supercharged Mercedes-Benz W125's had was not equaled in racing cars until American Can-Am cars in the late 1960s, and European Grand Prix cars did not have this kind of power again until the early 1980s (a span of nearly 45 years), when Grand Prix racing had long since become Formula One.

Season review

European Championship Grands Prix

Non-championship Grands Prix

Championship final standings

References

Grand Prix seasons

1937 Grand Prix season


"This Boy" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney). It was released in November 1963 as the B-side of the band's Parlophone single "I Want to Hold Your Hand". In the United States, it was issued in January 1964 on Meet the Beatles! which was Capitol Records' reconfigured version of the With the Beatles album. The Beatles performed the song live on 16 February 1964 for their second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. An instrumental easy listening arrangement by George Martin, re-titled "Ringo's Theme (This Boy)", was featured in the film A Hard Day's Night and the United Artists soundtrack album. This version was also issued as a single, reaching number 53 in the US and number one in Canada.

"This Boy" was remastered for compact disc by George Martin and released in 1988 on the Past Masters, Volume One compilation.  On 9 September 2009 it was re-released on the two CD set Past Masters, as part of the remastering of the original Beatles' catalogue, and was included in The Beatles Stereo Box Set and in The Beatles in Mono box set.

Composition

The track's composition was Lennon's attempt to write a tune in the style of Motown star Smokey Robinson, and specifically his song "I've Been Good to You", which has similar circular doo-wop chord changes, melody and arrangement. The tune and arrangement also draws from "You Don't Understand Me", a B-side to a Bobby Freeman single. Paul McCartney cites the Teddy Bears' 1958 hit "To Know Him Is to Love Him" also as being influential.

Lennon, McCartney, and George Harrison joined to sing an intricate three-part close harmony in the verses and refrain and a similar technique is employed in later Beatles songs, notably "Yes It Is" and "Because". Originally the middle eight was conceived as a guitar solo but altered during the recording process. Written in D major, the song revolves around a 1950s-style I-vi-ii-V doo-wop sequence in 12/8 time before moving to the harmonically complex middle eight (G-F#7-Bm-D7-G-E7-A-A7) and back again for the final verse and fade-out. William Mann describes the song as, "harmonically...one of their most intriguing, with its chains of pandiatonic clusters".

Recordings

The Beatles recorded "This Boy" on 17 October 1963, the same day they recorded "I Want To Hold Your Hand", the group's first fan club Christmas single, and a version of "You Really Got a Hold on Me".

They recorded fifteen takes of "This Boy" followed by two overdubs. The song was recorded with a rounded ending, although it was faded out during a mixing session on 21 October. Two takes were joined to make the final master, with the edit between the middle eight and final verse (1:28).

Alternative recordings have also been officially released. A live version performed on Two of a Kind in 1963 was released on Anthology 1 and two incomplete takes from the original recording were released as a track on the single "Free as a Bird".

Ringo's Theme

An instrumental version of "This Boy", orchestrated by George Martin, is used as the incidental music during Ringo Starr's towpath scene in the film A Hard Day's Night. The piece, under the title, "Ringo's Theme (This Boy)" was released as a single—but failed to chart in the UK—on 7 August 1964 with "And I Love Her" on the B-Side, although it did reach number 53 in the American Top 100 later that year. It was also included on Martin's Parlophone album Off the Beatle Track and the EP Music From A Hard Day's Night by the George Martin Orchestra, released 19 February 1965. It was also included on the American A Hard Day's Night soundtrack album. Vic Flick's lead guitar work can be heard on "Ringo's Theme", which plays as the Beatles drummer wanders around London on his own.

Chart performance

Personnel
John Lennon – double-tracked lead vocal, acoustic guitar
Paul McCartney – harmony vocal, bass guitar
George Harrison – harmony vocal, lead guitar
Ringo Starr – drums
Vic Flick lead guitar on Ringo's theme instrumental.

Notes

References

External links

The Beatles songs
Doo-wop songs
Song recordings produced by George Martin
1963 songs
Songs written by Lennon–McCartney
Songs published by Northern Songs
1963 singles

This Boy


Mita (ridyo) yet kyang ạbạmbạm ku ni biyan bwan cet long ashon nat do alem ka a nnet fwuo ani.
Ạnyiung 1: Cet mita ridyo ni dwoot  ku Nswask nfeang

Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency[1] range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. This is roughly between the upper limit of audio frequencies and the lower limit of infrared frequencies.[2][3] These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses. Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.

Mita (ridyo)


The Paramount Theater (formerly known as Julia Sanderson Theater and The Hippodrome) is an historic theater located at 1676-1708 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1926 out of part of the grand Massasoit House hotel at a cost of over $1 million, the Paramount Theater was the most ornate picture palace in Western Massachusetts. As of 2011, The Paramount is in the midst of a $1.725 million renovation to once again become a theater after decades as a disco and concert hall, (the Hippodrome), when it was the center of Springfield's club scene. In 2018 the building's owners, the New England Farm Workers Council, announced plans to redevelop it in tandem with a new adjacent hotel building. In a push to renovate the Paramount along with Holyoke's Victory Theater, in October 2018, the administration of Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker announced a $2.5 million grant to assist the project, on top of a $4 million federal loan guarantee. Pending finalizing funding for the combined restoration and new hotel, no construction timeline has been presented as of .

History
From 1926 until the 1960s, The Paramount changed names several times—including a brief stint as the Julia Sanderson Theater, honoring a famous actress from Springfield. However, it remained a movie theater until the 1960s, when it began to find use as a mixed use venue for movies, rock concerts, and other live performances. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

In 1999, the venue was purchased and restored by Steven Stein and Michael Barrasso of Paramount Realty Investment LLC/Creative Theater Concepts. At that time, it was turned into a lavish nightclub and performance space. The venue's main floor seats were removed; however, the 1,100 balcony seats were retained and restored. The theater underwent a $1.3 million renovation in 1999, and was reopened as the Hippodrome. The original organ was restored and the marquee was changed to reflect the theater's new name.

The Hippodrome became a popular nightclub and concert venue during the 2000s. In 2011, the theater was purchased by the New England Farm Worker's Council. As of 2011, the Paramount Theater is in the midst of a $1.725 million renovation to once again become a theater and performance space.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Springfield, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampden County, Massachusetts

References

Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Springfield, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Springfield, Massachusetts
Tourist attractions in Springfield, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Springfield, Massachusetts
1912 establishments in Massachusetts

Paramount Theater (Springfield, Massachusetts)


In chess, zwischenzug (German for "intermediate move") is a common tactic that occurs in almost every game: instead of countering a direct threat, which the opponent expects, a move is played which poses an even more devastating threat, often an attack against the queen or the king. The opponent has to counter that threat first, and this will ideally change the situation to his disadvantage.

Borisenkov-Mezenev (diagram, Black to play), went 1... f2, threatening to queen, which White countered with 2. Rg8, intending 3. Rf8+. But White resigned after the zwischenzug 2... Bb1! which allows Black to queen (3. Kb1 f1Q+ or 3. Rf8+ Bf5).

Chess

Zwischenzug


The Shrine is a 2010 Canadian supernatural horror film produced by Brookstreet Pictures. The film was directed by Jon Knautz and stars Aaron Ashmore, Cindy Sampson, Meghan Heffern, and Trevor Matthews. The screenplay was written by Jon Knautz, Brendan Moore, and Trevor Matthews. Ryan Shore received a 2012 Grammy Award nomination for Best Score Soundtrack for his score.

Plot
The film starts with a man tied to a table.  Another man then kills him with a sledgehammer to the face.

Journalist Carmen and her photographer boyfriend Marcus are having relationship problems since Carmen tends to ignore him in favor of her job. Carmen asks her boss, Dale, to allow her to investigate the disappearances of tourists in the (fictional) Polish village of Alvainia, including Eric Taylor (who was killed at the beginning of the film). Dale is not interested in the case, and does not give her permission to go. Undeterred, Carmen and her intern Sara visit Eric's mother, Laura, who allows her to borrow Eric's journal. Carmen has a dream of Eric, who tells her to leave him alone. Wanting to mend her relationship with Marcus, Carmen urges him to come with her and Sara to Alvainia.

Upon arrival, they find the village people to be secretive and unwelcoming. They question a girl, Lidia, about Eric but she is hesitant to answer. They discover that no one in the village is allowed to leave and spot a strange area of fog that seems to be concentrated only in one portion of the forest, mentioned in Eric's notes. When they attempt to investigate it, they are threatened by the villagers and told to leave. Though Marcus wants to leave, Carmen admits that Dale knows nothing about the trip and her career will be over if she returns with no story. Thus, they head back into the forest.

The group notes how strange it is that the fog seems to never move and is quite dense. Sara enters the fog and disappears. Carmen enters the fog to look for her but also finds herself lost. Marcus finds a scared and dazed Sara walking out. Within the fog, Carmen comes across a statue of a demon holding a heart. The statue's eyes bleed and strange whispering voices are heard. Frightened, Carmen exits the fog and is reunited with Marcus and Sara. As they discuss this occurrence, Sara mentions having seen a statue in the fogged area.

As they make their way back to the car, they come across Lidia, who claims to know the whereabouts of Eric. She takes them to a hidden sacrificial shrine where they discover the bodies of several people (including Eric) that the villagers have executed. Each body has a metal mask stuck on its face, suggesting cultist behavior and ritual black magic. The trio then realizes that they have been barred in. They escape but are pursued by the villagers. They hide in a barn but are all captured. Before Sara is knocked out, she sees one of the villagers turn into a demon.

As they wake up, Sara vomits and the villagers bring them back to the sacrificial shrine where the head of the village's church, Arkadiusz, decides to sacrifice Sara and Carmen. The two are taken inside while Marcus is forced at gunpoint to dig a grave. Marcus escapes and takes the villager's gun. At the shrine, the cultists dress the girls in ceremonial gowns. They place Sara on the ceremonial table where Eric was killed while Carmen is placed in a prison cell. The cultists lacerate Sara's arms and sever her Achilles' tendons. Sara sees the faces of the cultists and Arkadiusz turn into demons. The same mask found on the corpses is placed over her head. It has two spikes inside which are meant to pierce her eyes. Arkadiusz takes a sledgehammer and uses it to embed the mask into her face, killing her. Marcus rescues Carmen and escapes with her.

Carmen stops to vomit and begins hearing voices again. They enter a family's house to steal the keys to a truck. The family becomes visibly frightened upon seeing Carmen. Marcus asks for the keys to the truck but they cannot understand English. He ties up the couple while Carmen hallucinates the family and Marcus turning into demons. The couple's son gives Marcus the truck keys and warns him that Carmen is evil since "she has seen the statue".

Carmen becomes possessed by a demon and lets out a loud shriek. The cultists hear the shriek and are alerted to her location. Marcus finds the family brutally killed. The possessed Carmen then goes to kill him as well when she is confronted by Arkadiusz, Henryk and four villagers. She kills two of them, but Arkadiusz fights back with prayers and holy water. Carmen impales him; before Arkadiusz dies, he passes on his duties to Henryk. Henryk chants prayers and stabs Carmen. The prayers weaken her and the remaining cultists impale her hands and pin her to the floor. They position the mask over her face but her struggles prevent the mask from being placed over her eyes. Marcus now understands why it was necessary to kill Sara and Carmen. The cultists are not cultists, and were not sacrificing anyone; they were trying to prevent demonic possessions from taking place. He assists the group and Henryk embeds the mask onto Carmen, killing her.

One of the men asks Henryk what are they going to do with Marcus since he knows too much. In the end, Marcus is set free by the villagers. Henryk explains that the fog is a curse left long ago on the village that cannot be undone. The devilish statue is shown once more and the screen goes black.

Alternate ending
A montage plays with a voiceover from Henryk. Carmen's body is placed with the previous victims, a funeral is held for the villagers who have died, and the belongings of Marcus, Carmen and Sara are dumped. Marcus is made to stay in the village, being given the deceased family's house as his new home. Henryk explains that it not only serves to keep Marcus from revealing the village's secret to the world but also as penance since it was his freeing of Carmen that resulted in the deaths of several of the villagers. Marcus does not object, remarking that he would find it difficult to explain why he came back without Carmen and Sara.

Cast

Production

The Shrine was directed by Jon Knautz, who also co-wrote the film's script alongside Brendan Moore. Knautz had previously directed the 2007 comedy horror film Jack Brooks: Monster Slayer.
On 2 August 2009, it was announced that Aaron Ashmore, who had previously starred in the television series Smallville had been cast in the film's lead male role. Cindy Sampson, Meghan Heffern, and Trevor Matthews were later cast in the film.

Principal photography for the film began on 10 August 2009, in Toronto.

The film's original score was composed by Ryan Shore. Shore's score received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Score Soundtrack at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards.

Release
The Shrine premiered at the FanTasia Film Festival on 25 July 2010.

Home media
The film was released on DVD by Import Vendor on 7 June 2011. It was later released on Blu-ray by Ais on 3 April 2012. On 8 May that same year, it was released on DVD by Kim Stim.

Reception

Bill Gibron from PopMatters gave the film 6/10 stars, writing, "Clearly, writer/director Jon Knautz hoped the investigative journalist set-up would tie everything together. Instead, thanks to a horribly unlikable lead, it pulls them apart. As a result, we are stuck grading the effectiveness of each bit, and when the final tally is examined, The Shrine doesn't survive."

References

External links

2010 films
2010 horror films
2010 horror thriller films
2010s serial killer films
Brookstreet Pictures films
Canadian horror thriller films
Canadian serial killer films
English-language Canadian films
Films set in Poland
Films shot in Ontario
Polish-language films
Films scored by Ryan Shore
2010s Canadian films

The Shrine (film)


The Slovak Spectator is an English-language newspaper/ magazine published in Slovakia.

History and profile
The debut issue of The Slovak Spectator hit newsstands across Slovakia on 1 March 1995.

The newspaper was founded by four Americans: Rick Zednik, Richard Lewis, Eric Koomen and Daniel J. Stoll. Currently, only Koomen and Stoll are owners along with the largest media company in Slovakia, Petit Press, which also owns SME, Korzár and various regional MY newspapers.

The Slovak Spectator is published by The Rock, s.r.o. publishing house and covers local news, culture and business, and provides daily information about Slovakia on its website spectator.sme.sk.

The company also publishes three annual publications - Largest in Business (rankings of the largest companies in Slovakia), Investment Advisory Guide (a key to understanding the Slovak business environment), and Career Guide (explores Slovak labour market trends and human resources). Travel is another focus of the company – Spectacular Slovakia is a popular travel guide series about Slovakia and selected regions.

The Slovak Spectator's target audience consists of foreigners living and working in Slovakia, Slovaks with good command of English, students at universities, foreign companies established in Slovakia and embassies as well as similar groups living abroad, especially people who are living and working in Slovakia or who are preparing to do so.

References

External links

1995 establishments in Slovakia
English-language newspapers published in Europe
Newspapers established in 1995
Newspapers published in Slovakia
Weekly newspapers

The Slovak Spectator


The Chittenden County Superior Courthouse, formerly the U.S. Post Office and Custom House, is a historic government building at 175 Main Street in downtown Burlington, Vermont. It was built in 1906 and was designed by James Knox Taylor in the Beaux-Arts style.  Known in the 1970s as the Smith-Goldberg U.S. Army Reserve Center, it served historically as a custom house and post office. It currently houses the Chittenden County Superior Court, after the previous county courthouse burned down in 1982.

Description and history
The Chittenden County Superior Courthouse stands in downtown Burlington, at the southeast corner of Church and Main Streets.  It is a large three-story masonry structure, its exterior finished in marble and dressed granite.  The principal facade faces Main Street, and is five bays wide.  The ground floor appears as a basement level, with large blocks of marble in horizontal bands and stylized arching over the window openings.  The second and third floors, which are in a U shape opening to the south, have windows (tall on the second floor, short on the third) articulated by paired Ionic columns.  The building is crowned by an entablature, dentillated cornice, and low balustrade.

The federal government built this facility in 1906, which is one of the state's finest examples of Beaux-Arts architecture. Until 1972 it served as a post office, custom house and federal courthouse.  From 1963 until 1972 as the Smith-Goldberg Army Reserve Center) and remained in the Federal inventory. In 1972 The Treasury Department declared the building surplus, and it was acquired by in 1974 by Chittenden County.  It presently houses the Chittenden County Superior Court and other judicial functions.

Gallery

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Chittenden County, Vermont

References

External links

Historic Federal Courthouses page from the Federal Judicial Center

Beaux-Arts architecture in Vermont
Government buildings completed in 1906
Courthouses in Vermont
Post office buildings in Vermont
Former post office buildings
Former federal courthouses in the United States
Buildings and structures in Burlington, Vermont
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Custom houses in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Burlington, Vermont
Custom houses on the National Register of Historic Places
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
1906 establishments in Vermont

Chittenden County Superior Courthouse


Arthur David McCormick  (Coleraine 14 October 1860 – 1943) was a British illustrator and painter of landscapes, historical scenes, naval subjects, and genre scenes.

McCormick was born in Ulster and, after education at local schools, went to London on the same ship with Hugh Thomson. McCormick was educated at the Royal College of Art in 1883–1886. He worked for The English Illustrated Magazine. He was in 1892–1893 an artist on Sir Martin Conway's expedition to the Karakoram subrange of the Himalayas and in 1895 an artist on Clinton T. Dent's expedition to the Caucasus Mountains. His first exhibition at the Royal Academy of Art was in 1889, and through the end of 1904 he exhibited there eleven paintings, including Sakar, India: moonlight (1895) and A Hunter's Shrine, Central Caucasus (1901). In 1927 he painted Head of a Sailor for John Player & Sons for the promotion of Player's Navy Cut cigarettes.

References

External links

1860 births
1943 deaths
19th-century British painters
British male painters
20th-century British painters
British illustrators
British marine artists
Irish illustrators
Landscape artists
People from Coleraine, County Londonderry
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
19th-century British male artists
20th-century British male artists
Artists from County Londonderry
Alumni of the Royal College of Art

Arthur David McCormick


Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia is a 2006 reference work written by Brian Stableford and published by Routledge. It consists of approximately 300 entries on various topics relating to how scientific advancements have influenced fiction. The book received positive reviews, with critics commending it for filling a previously-unoccupied niche in the literature and praising the contents in terms of depth and breadth, although finding the book to be expensive at a price of $165.

History
Author Brian Stableford originally intended the title to be Science Fact and Fiction: An Encyclopedia; the publisher added the second "Science" before the book went into print. A planned follow-up, Folklore and Fantastic Literature, was cancelled as a result of the parent company's department on reference works becoming defunct; Stableford attributed this to the ease of looking up information on the Internet making print media of that kind unprofitable, saying "It looks as if the entire market sector is now effectively dead."

Contents
Stableford said in a 2006 interview with Barbara Godwin for Infinity Plus that the goal of the book is to outline the influence developments in science have had on fiction writing. To this end, the book has approximately 300 entries, ranging from 400 to 4,000 words in length, on topics including concepts like aeronautics and time travel, science fiction writers like Ursula K. Le Guin and H. G. Wells, and theorists like Johannes Kepler and Albert Einstein. According to Stableford, the combined word count is 460,000 words, not including the 140,000-word index. The book consists of an introduction covering 7 pages, 575 pages of entries, a 12-page bibliography, and an index spanning 140 pages.

Reception
Neil Barron reviewed the book for SFRA Review in 2006, presenting the book as an updated successor of sorts to the popular science book The Science in Science Fiction (1982)—which Stableford contributed to together with David Langford and Peter Nicholls—noting that Stableford says in the introduction to Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia that the older work used science fiction as the starting point to examine science whereas the newer work takes the opposite approach. Barron said "There is no book I know of which is a direct competitor to this encyclopedic study", writing that while the second edition of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (1993) by editors Peter Nicholls and John Clute far exceeds it in the number of entries, "they usually lack the analytical rigor and detail that Stableford provides". Barron praised the breadth of knowledge displayed by the contents of the entries and the lengthy bibliography.

Jack O'Gorman, reviewing the encyclopedia for Booklist in 2007, wrote that it "is not an encyclopedia of science fiction, and it's not an encyclopedia of science, either"; according to O'Gorman, it fills a niche that is not covered by other works such as Gary Westfahl's The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy (2005) or Don D'Ammassa's Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (2005). O'Gorman found the book useful, and commended the decision to include works mentioned in the entries in the index.

Cindy Stewart Kaag wrote in Reference and User Services Quarterly in 2007 that the book is "a really good reference work on the science that makes it science fiction" and that the book does not have any counterparts in that respect. Kaag highlighted the navigability of the work as a positive, with entries listed alphabetically and thematically in addition to there being an extensive index, and commented that the bibliography at the end is comprehensive with works by scholars and science fiction writers alike. Kaag noted that the $165 price would likely make the book prohibitively expensive for many libraries.

Rob Latham, in a 2007 review in the Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, compared the book favourably to The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, writing that "Stableford's commentary has a wider cultural and philosophical resonance" as well as a greater level of detail. According to Latham, the book "entirely subsumes and supplants the few general works remotely like it" such as Rex Malik's Future Imperfect: Science Fact and Science Fiction (1980) and The Science in Science Fiction. Latham found the only negative thing to be said about the contents of the book to be the focus on "genre sf" to the exclusion of other subgenres at the periphery of science fiction, while noting that the high cost of the volume was also a drawback.

Joan Gordon, in her 2009 review of the work for Science Fiction Studies, said the book would be "a necessity, albeit an expensive one, for any library, public or personal, that strives for a strong collection on science fiction". She found the interconnectivity between entries, with words corresponding to entry titles marked by an asterisk, to provide a good way to explore related topics. Gordon also praised the entries themselves, both in terms of being informative and engaging to read. She found the example of one of her students using the book to illustrate its utility well: the student sought information on nuclear weapons in fiction and consulted the "Atom Bomb" entry, finding information among other things on the history of nuclear weapons, nuclear anxiety, and various relevant works of fiction across a wide range of time, with the possibility of locating additional relevant information in other entries or the bibliography. According to Gordon, "There is nothing else like it, but its presence makes clear that there should have been." Gordon nevertheless found several things about the book to criticize. She stated that while the introduction says that individuals were assigned entries due to "the relevance of their work to issues in science, rather than their importance within the history of genre science fiction", she did not find the selection of authors to reflect that criterion particularly well. She also perceived the book to have a strong male bias, noting for instance that the only woman with an individual entry in the book is Ursula K. Le Guin and identifying Marie Curie as a high-profile omission. Gordon further noted that the coverage of games is sparse.

References

External links

21st-century encyclopedias
Science fiction studies
2006 non-fiction books
British encyclopedias
Encyclopedias of literature
Routledge books


Simone Jade Mackinnon (born 19 March 1973) is an Australian actress. She is best known for role as Allie Reese on Baywatch (1999–2000) and Stevie Hall on McLeod's Daughters (2003–2009).

Early life
Mackinnon was born in Mount Isa, Queensland in 1973 to Ian and Annette Mackinnon. She has a brother and a sister, Robbie and Kym. She and her family later moved to Coffs Harbour in New South Wales.

Career
Mackinnon began her acting career in 1988, appearing in the Australian feature film Something About Love. Two further features followed, Dating the Enemy and Dust of the Wings, where she appeared in small roles, although her role in Dust of the Wing was a larger part. In 1997, she began to appear on television. She had a guest appearance on the fantasy television series Spellbinder: Land of the Dragon Lord, a sequel to the original series Spellbinder. Mackinnon is known for her role in Baywatch: Hawaii, where she played the role of 'Allie Reese' opposite David Hasselhoff. MacKinnon is best known for her role as 'Stevie Hall' (later 'Hall-Ryan') in the Logie Award-winning Australian television series McLeod's Daughters, where she appeared at the end of season three through the final season in 2009. Her role as Stevie earned her several Logie Award nominations, for Most Popular New Female Talent and Most Popular Actress. In 2007 & 2009, she received Gold Logie Award nominations. Mackinnon's other television work includes roles on Water Rats, All Saints, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World, The Cut, Rescue: Special Ops, Cops L.A.C. and City Homicide. In 2001, she appeared with Powers Boothe in the television mini-series Attila, which also featured Gerard Butler, and in 2003, she starred in the Syfy television film Deep Shock. Mackinnon also played roles in three direct-to-video films, Python, Dark Waters and Submission, for which she also served as producer.

From 1993 to 1995 she toured with the musical Cats (in the role of the cat "Cassandra") through Australia and Asia. In June 2009, Mackinnon appeared as a presenter alongside host Karl Stefanovic and Scott Cam in Random Acts of Kindness on the Nine Network. Mackinnon completed a second season of Random Acts of Kindness in January 2010.

On 4 March 2012, it was announced Mackinnon had joined the cast of Neighbours as Zoe Alexander. The actress began appearing on screen in May and relocated to Melbourne for filming.

Personal life

Mackinnon gave birth to her first child, a son, Madigan James Mackinnon, on 19 March 2010, her 37th birthday.

Dogs have always been a part of her life. She was named an RSPCA superhero "for giving love, respect and support to all animals." As a child traveling with her parents, she found an abandoned Australian Cattle Dog, and since then has had ACDs in her life. Her current dogs are Duke and Kevin.

Filmography

References

External links

Australian film actresses
Australian television actresses
People from Coffs Harbour
Living people
1973 births
People from Mount Isa
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses

Simmone Jade Mackinnon


Dumitru Dragomir (26 October 1884 – 20th century) was a Bessarabian and Romanian politician. He was a member of Sfatul Țării and voted the Union of Bessarabia with Romania on 27 March 1918.

Biography
Dumitru Dragomir was born in Volintiri. He served as Member of the Moldovan Parliament (1917–1918).

Gallery

Bibliography
Gheorghe E. Cojocaru, Sfatul Țării: itinerar, Civitas, Chişinău, 1998,
Mihai Taşcă, Sfatul Țării şi actualele autorităţi locale, "Timpul de dimineaţă", no. 114 (849), June 27, 2008 (page 16)

External links
 Biblio Polis - Vol. 25 (2008) Nr. 1 (Serie nouă)
 Arhiva pentru Sfatul Tarii
 Deputaţii Sfatului Ţării şi Lavrenti Beria

Notes

1884 births
20th-century deaths
People from Ștefan Vodă District
People from Akkermansky Uyezd
Moldovan MPs 1917–1918

Dimitrie Dragomir


Edward William Barton-Wright CE, FRSA, MJS (member of the Japan Society) (8 November 186013 September 1951) was an English entrepreneur specialising in both self defence training and physical therapy. He is remembered today as one of the first Europeans to both learn and teach Japanese martial arts and as a pioneer of the concept of hybrid martial arts.

Early life
He was born Edward William Wright on 8 November 1860 in Bangalore, Madras, India. E.W. Wright was educated at Dedham Grammar School, Essex, at Lens, Pas-de-Calais in France, and in Germany. He then worked as a clerk for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway before embarking on a career as a civil and mining engineer. He worked as manager for his father's mining interests based near Odemira in the Alentejo region of Portugal, from 1886 to 1892, without success. In April 1892 he legally assumed the name Edward William Barton-Wright. Returning to England in 1892, he promoted a company, Barton Wright Ltd., antimony specialists, at Millwall, London, but was declared personally bankrupt for the first time the following year. He then worked for mining companies in Egypt and the Straits Settlements (modern day Malaysia and Singapore).

Establishing Bartitsu

In a 1950 interview Barton-Wright professed to having had a "lifelong interest in the arts of self defence" and earlier interviews indicated that he had studied various fighting systems during his travels as a young man.  While working as an antimony smelting specialist for the E.H. Hunter Company in Kobe, Japan (c. 1895–1898), Barton-Wright studied jujutsu in at least two styles, including the Shinden Fudo Ryū in Kobe and Kodokan judo in Tokyo.

Upon returning to England in early 1898, Barton-Wright combined these martial arts to form his own method of self-defence training, which he called Bartitsu. Over the next two years, he also added elements of British boxing, French savate and the la canne (stick fighting) style of Swiss master Pierre Vigny.

In 1899, Barton-Wright wrote an article titled "How to Pose as a Strong Man", detailing the mechanical and leverage principles employed in performing various feats of strength. He also produced a two-part essay entitled "the New Art of Self Defence" which was published in both the English and American editions of Pearson's Magazine. Excerpts of Barton-Wright's articles were re-printed in numerous British, American, New Zealand and Australian newspapers.

In 1900, Barton-Wright established the Bartitsu School of Arms and Physical Culture at 67b Shaftesbury Avenue in London's Soho district. The school offered classes in a range of self-defence disciplines and combat sports as well as various physical therapies involving the electrical application of heat, light, vibration, and radiation. Club members included soldiers, athletes, actors, politicians and some aristocrats. During the next few years, Barton-Wright organised numerous exhibitions of self-defence techniques and also promoted tournament competitions at music halls throughout London, in which his Bartitsu Club champions were challenged by wrestlers in various European styles.

In 1901, Barton-Wright published additional articles that detailed the Bartitsu method of fighting with a walking stick or umbrella.

In The Adventure of the Empty House, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the author of the Sherlock Holmes stories, referred to Bartitsu (misspelled as "baritsu") in explaining how Holmes had defeated Professor Moriarty in hand-to-hand combat at the brink of the Reichenbach Falls.

During early 1902, Barton-Wright organised and promoted the "Great Anglo-Japanese Tournament" tour, which featured Bartitsu demonstrations and contests in provincial centers including Nottingham, the Sandringham Military Base, Oxford, Cambridge University and Lancashire.

Later life

By 1903, the Bartitsu Club had closed down. Subsequently, Barton-Wright mostly abandoned self-defence instruction in favour of his interests in physical therapy. He established a series of clinics at various locations throughout London, and continued to work as a physical therapist for the remainder of his career.

His therapeutic business, specialising in the use of various electrical appliances to treat the pain of gout and rheumatism, was viewed with suspicion by the London medical establishment and was subject to bankruptcy proceedings on several occasions during the first three decades of the 20th century. These included a damaging and acrimonious suit brought about by Wilson Rae, a former employee who had become a business rival and who was subsequently jailed on charges of fraud and bigamy. Barton-Wright's financial problems were compounded by a series of investments in unsuccessful inventions and other ventures, including an electrical display planned for an Amsterdam music hall.

E.W. Barton-Wright was not included in his father's last will and testament, although he did execute a portion of the will on behalf of one of his brothers, who was named as a beneficiary, in 1915.

Comparatively little is known about Barton-Wright's life during the period 1930–1950. From 1938 onwards, his medical clinic was in his own home, at No. 50 Surbiton Road, Surbiton.  He is referred to as a "famous physiotherapist and judoist" in Attempted Rescue, the 1966 autobiography of English horror writer Robert Aickman, who recalled Barton-Wright as an acquaintance of his great-aunt's.

In 1950, Barton-Wright was interviewed by Gunji Koizumi, the founder of the London Budokwai judo club. Later that year he was presented to an audience at a Budokwai gathering, being introduced as the pioneer of Japanese martial arts in Europe.

Barton-Wright died on 13 September 1951 at his home at 50 Surbiton Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England, aged ninety, unmarried and in circumstances of some poverty. He was buried on 17 September in an unmarked grave at Kingston Cemetery in Surrey.

Commemorations

It was not until the late 1990s that E.W. Barton-Wright's historical significance was recognised, largely through research carried out by British martial arts historians Richard Bowen and Graham Noble and then by members of the Bartitsu Society.

In 2004, members of the Bartitsu Society initiated a fund-raising project towards commemorating Barton-Wright, in honour of his pioneering work in the martial arts.

Barton-Wright was the subject of dedications in both the 2005 and 2008 volumes of The Bartitsu Compendium and the annual Bartitsu School of Arms and Physical Culture conference (2011–present) is also dedicated to his memory. His life and career are detailed in the 2011 documentary Bartitsu: The Lost Martial Art of Sherlock Holmes.

In June 2012, Barton-Wright was commemorated in a wall display in the Sherlock Holmes Collection at Marylebone Library, London and in an entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  In February 2013 he was prominently featured in the BBC Four Timeshift documentary Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting: the Rise of the Martial Arts in Britain.

Popular culture

Cyrus Barker, the protagonist of novelist Will Thomas' Barker and Llewellyn mystery series, is partly inspired by E.W. Barton-Wright, as is the villainous Sir Callum Fielding-Shaw in Adrienne Kress' young adult novel The Friday Society.

E. W. Barton-Wright and Bartitsu are featured in the Ministry of Peculiar Occurrences steampunk novels by Pip Ballantyne and Tee Morris.

Barton-Wright is depicted as an ally and trainer of a secret society of female bodyguards who protect the leaders of the radical suffragettes in the graphic novel trilogy Suffrajitsu: Mrs. Pankhurst's Amazons (2015), in the spin-off novellas Carried Away, The Second-Story Girl and The Isle of Dogs and also in the 2015 short story The Wrestler and the Diamond Ring.

See also
Judo in the United Kingdom

References

External links
 The Bartitsu Society

1860 births
1951 deaths
English inventors
English businesspeople
English martial artists
English civil engineers
Businesspeople from Chennai
English male judoka
English jujutsuka
Martial arts school founders
People associated with physical culture
People from Bangalore
British people in colonial India
People from the Madras Presidency

Edward William Barton-Wright


Daniel Azulay (May 30, 1947 – March 27, 2020) was a Brazilian visual artist, comic book artist, and  educator, with vast and diverse performance in the press and on TV as a draftsman. He is most known for the children's franchise Turma do Lambe-Lambe. He died during the COVID-19 pandemic due to complications brought on by COVID-19.

Biography
Azulay was born in Rio de Janeiro and raised in Ipanema. He was of Jewish origin and the youngest son of lawyer Fortunato and Clarita, who drew a classic design in Paris.

In 1968, he created the newspaper strip Capitão Cipó, published in the newspaper Correio da Manhã and in 1975, launched the Turma do Lambe-Lambe. Capitão Cipó was a parody on the sexual revolution and is visually a bit similar to Guy Peellaerts famous Jodelle and Pravda pop art graphic novels. It was a precursor in 1976, presenting educational and intelligent TV programs for children for ten years in a row. Azulay had a constructive influence on the 1980s generation who learned from him to design, build toys from domestic scrap, and the importance of recycling and sustainability in defense of the environment.

He traveled the world exhibiting, giving lectures and conducting workshops on art, education and social responsibility. Awarded in Brazil and abroad, his works of contemporary art are part of the collection of private collections and large companies. In 2009, he taught drawing on videos for the UOL website, made specials for Canal Futura and even participated on TV Rá-Tim-Bum.

In 2013, he launched the Diboo website (www.diboo.com.br), an online drawing course for children.

Daniel died on March 27, 2020, in Rio de Janeiro, after being hospitalized for two weeks at Clínica São Vicente (in Rio de Janeiro) due to leukemia. There, he contracted COVID-19 and died of complications caused by the disease.

References

External links

1947 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro (state)
Brazilian art educators
Artists from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Jewish artists
Brazilian Jews
Brazilian comics artists
21st-century Brazilian educators
Brazilian contemporary artists
Brazilian television presenters
Brazilian children's television presenters
20th-century Sephardi Jews
20th-century Brazilian Jews
21st-century Sephardi Jews
20th-century Brazilian male artists
21st-century Brazilian male artists
20th-century Brazilian educators

Daniel Azulay


The Kapiti Urban Area is a statistical area that was defined by Statistics New Zealand to cover a group of urban settlements of the Kāpiti Coast District, in the Wellington Region. It was classified as a main urban area under the New Zealand Standard Areas Classification 1992 because its population exceeded 30,000.

The settlements comprise (north to south):
 Waikanae
 Paraparaumu (including Otaihanga, Raumati Beach and Raumati South)
 Paekākāriki

The largest settlement is Paraparaumu. Raumati may be considered a suburb of Paraparaumu or a separate town in its own right – there are no legal definitions for towns in New Zealand. Kapiti Urban Area is better described as a commuter area of Wellington than an independent city.

Under Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018, Kapiti Urban Area was split into separate urban areas for the three settlements.

The Kāpiti Coast District also includes the settlements of Te Horo and Ōtaki, which are outside Kapiti Urban Area.

References

Kāpiti Coast District
Main urban areas in New Zealand

Kapiti Urban Area


Dawnstar are an indie-rock band from Budapest, Hungary. The band's original line-up includes the songwriter Attila Wind (vocals/guitars), Bálint Hamvas (bass), and Viktor Albert (drums). The sound of the band is generally a mix of flanging and light distorted guitars, throbbing bass, and enchanting keyboard melodies. Dawnstar represents a mixture of mid-1960s psychedelic, late 1970s goth, mid-1980s grunge and 1990s indie rock of the Budapest indie music scene.

History

Formation
Wind, born to an English father from Sunderland and Hungarian mother from Budapest, met Hamvas in the mid-1990s at the Teleki Blanka Gymnasium in Budapest, Hungary. In 1999 they formed Ansellia, named after the eponymous orchid, as a duo project and recorded their first demo, Eunomia. In 2000 Wind composed eight new tracks which were recorded in Piliscsaba. This demo entitled Vanity helped the band recruit Albert who was Hamvas's classmate at the Budapest Business School. After several concerts at local clubs, in spring 2001 the band started using the name Dawnstar, which is a combination of ″dawn″ and ″star″ as an alternative for Morning Star or Venus, instead of Ansellia. They gave their first concert with this new name on 13 December 2002 at the Woodoo club in Csepel.
The early sound of the band was influenced by the grunge revolution from Seattle. However, later the band started to mix their sound with many different music genres such as psychedelia, post-punk and garage rock. In 2002 Dawnstar recorded their third demo, Under Your Wings, at the Pick-up Studios in Budapest. The result was a mixture of flanging verses and distorted choruses establishing the distinctive sound of the band.

Hiatus
The band were on hiatus from 2003-05 due to the foreign studies of the band members. In 2003 Wind continued his studies at University of Trieste in Italy while Hamvas at the University of Padua in 2004.

On 16 April 2005, Dawnstar performed at the Ecofest, organised to celebrate eco-friendly ideas by the Védegylet. A week before the show, Wind recruited Mitropulos as an additional musician to play the keyboard. Finally, Mitropulos joined Dawnstar as a permanent member in late 2005.

In 2006 Dawnstar recorded their fourth demo entitled A Metrosexual's Confessions.

In 2006 the band played three shows at the Erzsébetliget Theatre in Budapest. Before their third show on 31 November 2006, the band members were interviewed by Beatrice's lead singer Feró Nagy.

On 30 March 2007, Dawnstar performed at the Budapest Fringe Festival.

Change The World

On 30 November 2007, Dawnstar released their first EP, Change The World, including three songs: the title track Change The World, Scarlet and Don't Die A Martyr For Me. The band opted for Heaven Street Seven's Zoltán Takács and László Philip as the sound engineers for the record. The band spent two days with the recording at the Abnormal Studios in November, 2007.

On 22 January 2017, the band's song entitled Don't Die A Martyr For Me was listed among antiwar songs on the Italian website, Antiwar Songs.

On 6 July 2009, Dawnstar played at the Donaukanaltreiben Festival in Vienna, Austria. The band was spotted on the community website, Myspace by Heidimarie Pyringer, who organised the concert for the band in the Austrian capital.

On 10 April 2010, Dawnstar played at the Fringe Festival in Pécs which was selected to be the European Capital of Culture for the same year. Next year, on 1 April 2011, Dawnstar performed at the Budapest Fringe Festival for the third time.

Saturnine Valentines

In 2012 Dawnstar started recording their first full-length studio album entitled Saturnine Valentines at the Abnormal Studios in Budapest. The band hired Dávid Schram, who previously worked on Shell Beach's This Is Desolation and FreshFabrik's MORA, as mixing and mastering engineer for their album.

On 19 May 2013, Dawnstar uploaded three songs (Love's Gonna Be Tender, In Heaven We Meet Again, Ophelia) from their upcoming studio album on YouTube and SoundCloud and three months later the full record was available on Bandcamp.

In December 2013, Dawnstar was featured on J.D. Doyle's Queer Music Heritage. In the same month Love's Gonna Be Tender was aired on OutRadio.

On 19 January 2016, the band's first video clip, In Heaven We Meet Again, was premiered on Underground Magazin. The video was shot in Üröm in December 2015 and it was directed by Wind. The video was inspired by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez's psychological horror movie Blair Witch Project.

On 12 February 2016 the band played a show at Szilvuplé Bár és Varieté in Budapest with three guest vocalist including: Viktória Wind (née Bordács), Zsófia Toporczy (Plüssnapalm), and Viktóra Sereg. This was the first time when guest vocalist were invited to support the band.

On 17 June 2016, Dawnstar released their second video entitled London Nights. In the video Wind is wandering in the streets of London, The United Kingdom passing by some famous sights such as Tower Bridge and St Paul's Cathedral. The other band members, Albert and Hamvas are waiting impatiently for Wind to arrive at the rehearsal room. At the end of the video Wind arrives at the rehearsal room and the band start to play the song together. The London scenes were shot on 13 July 2013, while the rest of the video was filmed in Budapest, Hungary on 22 May 2016.

On 26 August 2016, the band debuted on Rádió Rock 95.8 with their song In Heaven We Meet Again. A couple of days later, on 9 September 2016, another song from Saturnine Valentines, London Nights was also aired on the radio station.

On 17 November 2017, the band played a show entitled Saturnine Nights at the Szilvuplé in Budapest.

On 27 November 2016, the band was interviewed by Ádám Rédl on Rádió Rock 95.8. During the one-hour talk 5 songs were aired on the radio station including Love's Gonna Be Tender, Ophelia, Almost Every Flame Will Fade Away, and two previously played songs: In Heaven We Meet Again and London Nights.

On 13 April 2017, Zsolt Szemenyei joined Dawnstar as a keyboard player.

Band members

Current line-up
Viktor Albert – drums (2001–)
Bálint Hamvas – bass guitar, backvocals (2001–)
Attila Wind – vocals, guitar (2001–)

Former members
Zsombor Havass – guitar (2006)
Anna Mitropulos – keyboard (2005-2011)
Zsolt Szemenyei – keyboard (2017)

Touring members
Nikolett Poór – cello
Viktória Wind (née Bordács) – backvocals
Zsófia Toporczy – backvocals
Viktória Sereg – backvocals

Timeline

Discography

Albums
Change The World (2007)
Saturnine Valentines (2013)
Singles
Love's Gonna Be Tender (2013)

Videography
Music videos
In Heaven We Meet Again (2016)
London Nights (2016)

See also
Budapest indie music scene

References

External links
 Dawnstar (official website)
 Dawnstar at YouTube
 Dawnstar at SoundCloud
 Dawnstar at the Donaukanaltreiben Festival

Hungarian indie rock groups
English-language singers from Hungary

Dawnstar (band)


Gai Jatra (), also known by its endonym Sa Paru (Nepal Bhasa: ), is a Nepalese festival celebrated mainly in the Kathmandu valley by the Newar people. The festival is celebrated in honour of their immediate relatives who have died during the previous year. Various groups of children dressed up as cows and in other religious drags are organized throughout various cities.

It is generally celebrated in the month of Bhadra (August/September). The date is set according to the lunar Nepal Samabat calendar and falls on the first day of the dark fortnight of the month of Gunla.

Origin
Gai Jatra was started by King Pratap Malla during his reign from 1641 to 1671 AD. His teenage son Chakravartendra Malla died an untimely death and the queen grieved the loss of her son. King Pratap Malla started this tradition to help ascend his son to the next life and cheer the grieving queen and families of those whose loved ones had died.

Etymology
The festival is Sa Paru in Nepal Bhasa. In Nepal Bhasa, Sa translates to cow and Paru translate to Pratipada tithi (the first day of the fortnight, according to Hindu calendar system). The festival is called this because it is celebrated on Bhadra māsa śukla pakṣa pratipada tithi and the children dress as cows. It is popularly known as Gai Jatra (lit. cow carnival) in the Nepali language and across other parts of Nepal and the world.

Celebrations
In the Hindu religion, Gai (Cow) is sacred like a Lakshmi and viewed as a mother. The children of those whose families had died would come out to Hanuman Dhoka Palace and the Newar priest performs the prayers for those passed. The children usually wear long skirts and must have a tulle belt around their waist with the ends hanging on both their right and left sides that drag on the ground while walking. It is necessary that they drag because it touches the ground (Earth) for the loved ones who died to ascend from Earth to heaven. This is a festival of dragging clothes while walking. The children also wear headdresses that have a cow drawn on them which is important, and they wear a moustache drawn on their faces. The Jatra is supposed to be religious for the Newar community to help loved ones pass from Earth to heaven and cheer those left behind. The parade of drag is done in the morning by children and in the evening with caricature and stand-up comedy by Hanuman Dhoka Dabali for the grieving Queen and others.

Since the 1600s, the caricatures and jokes have evolved and also include political satires to make it more interesting on TV shows, usually the male standup comedians wear female clothes and perform both male and female parts of the play, this is a fun event for the Newar community as well as for all other Nepalese communities.

Gai Jatra in different cities
Gai Jatra is mainly celebrated in the cities of Kathmandu valley—Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. The celebrataion of the festival has also spread to other parts of the country which have a significant Newar community.

Kathmandu

Kathmandu is considered the main source of this festival because the king who started this festival was from this city. After the show presented to the queen was a success, it became an annual program to present the queen with this festival. As time passed and the king and queen died, the festival was passed on from generation to generation. In Kathmandu, people celebrate it with much happiness and many more programs than those in Patan. The procession goes around the city to different parts of the suburbs and the inner urban areas to present their devotion to their loved ones. The people involved in this profession get small packets with fruits, sweets, oats, and other food items to help them on their tour around the city by many people watching the festival and by their loved ones.

Patan

Patan has a similar kind of following for this festival like that with Kathmandu, but has less involvement of people than that in Kathmandu. People in Lalitpur have another festival similar to Gaijatra called Matiyaa followed by Hindus with much more devotion and involvement by the people. Thousands of people can be involved in this Matiya. Thus, for people in Lalitpur, the procession of Gaijatra is less entertaining.

Kirtipur
Gaijatra is celebrated widely, and particularly in Kirtipur's ancient historical towns: Kipu, Naga and Panga. The people in who celebrate in Kirtipur have many reasons to celebrate this festival and have a unique way of celebrating this festival. Among the people of Kirtipur, it is said that the gates of heaven for the dead are opened on this day, and the procession of Gaijatra will help their beloved to reach the gates of heaven if they march around the city for them. They march around the city of Kirtipur not by dressing up like cows but rather by dressing up in different forms of gods and goddesses. People celebrate this festival for their dead relatives and for peace and harmony among family members and the city itself.

During this month, the city's farmers finish their work in the fields and return home to celebrate the end of the hard and tedious work in the fields. They gather family members and have a feast to their success. This culture is replicated in this festival in Kirtipur. Men dress up like women and travel around the city. They go from house to house, calling up the house's owners and asking them to come down and join in the feast with them. This helps to create harmony among the neighbors and the city members.
Kirtipur performs many dances with different imitating artists that provide much awe and happiness among the people. Kirtipur is enriched with many more beliefs and stories relating to Gaijatra than any other cities of the valley, and it has a more diverse celebration of this festival.

Bhaktapur

Bhaktapur is said to have the most enjoyable and exciting Gai Jatra, as it has its own peculiarities in how the festival is celebrated compared to Lalitpur and Kathmandu. A chariot (known as Taha-Macha) made of bamboo wrapped in cloth, with a photo of the deceased person hung at the center, is navigated through a predefined street by the family along with localities. So a long parade of chariots is seen.

The Taha-Macha symbolizes dead people and is decorated with their possessions and photographs. The chariot has a framework of bamboo which is wrapped with cotton cloth, usually Hakupatasi (a black traditional sari type female cloth) for women and simple sari type cloth for men. The Taha-Machas are brought out from different toles of Bhaktapur. Still, peculiarly, the Taha-Machas of Lakolachhen are guided by one large one that has the bamboo framework but is covered in straws. This is known as Bhailya Dya: (Bhairab) and is succeeded by Ajima (Bhadrakali) made at Khala (Ajima Dyo:Chhen)

Many local musicians, and a cultural dance called Ghintang Ghisi follow in the wake of a chariot.. Men are also seen wearing women's dress, Hakupatasi. People dress up in many ways. There is face painting and masks are common. Children even dress up as gods and join the parade.

The Ghintang Ghisi dance is celebrated for almost a week, from the day of Gaijatra to Krishna Janmashtami. The dance is done in a long queue with two persons in a row hitting each other's sticks. Many cultural shows are performed, and many nearby villages even participate in the festival.

References

Newar
Observances set by the Vikram Samvat calendar
Observances honoring the dead
August observances
September observances
Hindu festivals in Nepal
Hindu rituals related to death
Animal festival or ritual
Culture of Bagmati

Gai Jatra


An ice bar, sometimes associated with an ice hotel, is a drinking establishment primarily made of ice. The bars usually contain ice sculptures and other formations and are kept at low temperatures (generally about −5 °C) to hinder melting. The walls and seating are also usually made of ice. Mostly a novelty, the ice bar is often considered a tourist destination. Visitors enter for timed stays and even staff work on time-limited shifts. The most popular drinks served at ice bars are ice-cold vodka shots, or cocktails mixing vodka with a berry puree.

Locations
The ice bar is usually located in colder regions around the world, as it is easier to keep the ice stable in frigid temperatures. Ice bars originated in Jukkasjärvi, Sweden in 1994. Some ice bars are also located in larger cities all over the world including Boston, Honningsvåg, Norway, Barcelona, Monterrey, Mexico City, Montevideo, Panama City, Las Vegas, Nevada, Orlando, Amsterdam, London, New York City, Paris, Rhodes, Lyon and Saint-Tropez, France, Seoul, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, Beirut, Lebanon, Saint Petersburg, New Delhi, Koh Samui, Thailand, Tokyo, Stockholm, Surfers Paradise, Australia, Budapest, Bratislava, Antipolo, Philippines, and Dubai, as the cost of upkeep can be sustained by its many patrons.

Icebar Orlando is the world's largest permanent ice bar, at over 1,200 square feet. It is composed of over 70 tons of carved ice. It is located on International Drive in Orlando, Florida.

See also

 Ice luge

References

External links
 A Perfect Trifecta: Three Scandinavian Icebars

Buildings and structures made of snow or ice
Types of drinking establishment

Ice bar


Jader Fontenelle Barbalho (born 27 October 1944) is a Brazilian politician, businessman and landowner from the state of Pará. He is currently a member of the PMDB party and a Senator for Pará. He is the father of Hélder Barbalho, former mayor of Ananindeua, Pará and currently governor of this state. Also, he is the former husband of Federal Deputy Elcione Zahluth Barbalho.

Barbalho is a national figure, known throughout Brazil, albeit a controversial one. There have been raised numerous allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public funds against Barbalho, who owns newspaper Diário do Pará and is part owner of a local TV station (TV Tapajós) of the leading Globo Television network. Starting a political career in Belém with humble possessions, Barbalho became a millionaire after decades in public office. He has held the offices of Federal Deputy over four terms, State Governor twice, Senator thrice and Minister twice.

In 2000, Barbalho was the President of the PMDB party and Senator when a wave of corruption allegations against him took national headlines, involving embezzlement of public funds at the Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (SUDAM - Superintendence for Amazon's Development) development agency and the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA - National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform). Barbalho was forced to resign the office, later briefly arrested, and the SUDAM was closed. However, he was subsequently elected Federal Deputy in 2002 and 2006 and Senator in 2010.

Biography

Youth and education
Jader (as he now spells his first name), was born in Belém, capital of Pará. Jader's parents are Laércio Wilson Barbalho (father) and Joanelle Fontenelle Barbalho (mother). Jader studied law at the Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), graduating in 1971, and he became a student leader during Brazil's repressive military dictatorship that was installed after the military coup of 1964.

Public offices held
Belém city alderman (Vereador) from 1967 to 1971
Pará state deputy (Deputado Estadual) from 1971 to 1975
Federal deputy of Pará (Deputado Federal) from 1975 to 1983, and from 2003 to 2010
Pará state governor (Governador do Pará) from 1983 to 1987 and from 1991 to 1994
Senator of Pará (Senador) from 1995 to 2001 and actually from 2011 on

He was also the federal minister of agrarian development and reform and of social welfare (1988–1990).

Scandals
In the 1990s, Jader was involved in several corruption scandals and risked impeachment. Facing the threat of impeachment in connection with fraud and corruption scandals, he resigned from the Senate in October 2001.

Barbalho was implicated in a funding scandal at the regional development agency the Superintendency for Development of the Amazon (SUDAM) where over 2 billion dollars went missing. He is alleged to have used his power base in the Amazonian state of Para to influence which projects were approved by SUDAM.  SUDAM was closed down in 2001 by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso because of the corruption allegations.

On 22 February 2002, Senator Antônio Carlos Magalhães gave an interview to state prosecutors in which he hinted at corruption involving Cardoso, Barbalho, the PMDB, the PFL, and the Supreme Court. The interview, which was leaked to the press, prompted Cardoso to begin sacking government appointments linked to Magalhães, most notably cabinet ministers Rodolpho Tourinho (mines and energy) and Waldeck Ornelas (social security) on 23 February.

In 2002, with public opinion favouring investigation into allegations of government corruption, the opposition sought the votes of 27 Senators and 171 Federal Deputies in Congress necessary to constitute a joint working committee (CPI) against Barbalho. On 8 May 2002, after the opposition had apparently secured these votes, Barbalho canceled a joint session of Congress and thereby prevented the opposition from bringing the issue to the floor. Afterward, political maneuverings persuaded enough legislators to change their minds, and the CPI threat was ended. On 16 May Saturnino Braga, the rapporteur of the Senate Ethics Committee, concluded that Magalhães and the government leader in the Senate, José Roberto Arruda of the Federal District, were guilty of having violated secrecy rules in the June 2000 vote that expelled Federal District Sen. Luis Estevão from Congress. After damaging testimony from the director of the Senate data-processing system, who stated that she broke into the voting system under orders from Magalhães and Arruda, the Senate Ethics Committee recommended the impeachment of Magalhães and Arruda for having broken Senate decorum. Rather than risk impeachment and a loss of political rights for eight years, Arruda resigned on 24 May; Magalhães followed suit on 30 May.

With Arruda and Magalhães out of office, Congress, at risk of becoming ineffectual, continued to be mired in scandal as more allegations of past corruption involving Barbalho surfaced. A growing number of investigations into fraud in the state Bank of Pará, SUDAM, and the National Land Reform Institute revealed the involvement of Barbalho when he was governor of Pará and minister of land reform. Barbalho took a leave of absence from his post as senate president on 20 July. In the face of mounting evidence and the likelihood of impeachment, he resigned from the Senate on 4 October, following the same path of Magalhães and Arruda.

References

Citations

http://g1.globo.com/to/tocantins/noticia/2013/07/justica-federal-do-condena-jader-barbalho-ressarcir-uniao.html

Other sources
 Site Jader Barbalho
Manda Bala (Send a Bullet) (2007), a film documentary about crime in Sao Paulo; Barbalho is a principal subject.

Presidents of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
Governors of Pará
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Pará
Living people
1944 births
People from Belém
Brazilian businesspeople
Brazilian Democratic Movement politicians
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Pará

Jader Barbalho


Mia's Science Adventure: Romaine's New Hat is the second title of the Mia's Big Adventure Collection software series created by Kutoka Interactive. Released in 2000 in Canada and the United States, the game teaches sciences to children between 6 and 10 years old.

Adventure
Mia lost her mother's hat to the rat Romaine. The player helps her on a quest to find it, buy it back and return home safely.

Activities
The game's 12 educational activities teach about plants and their parts; animals, their habitats, eating habits and classification; weather, clouds; the Solar System; earth science; the human body and its systems; heat energy; properties of matter fossils; electricity and magnetism.

Critical reception
Mia's Science Adventure received positive reviews from the Los Angeles Times, USA Today.com, eToys.com, Parent's Choice, National Parenting Center, Review Corner and others on account of the value of its educational contents, graphics, story and appeal to children.

Reception

The game received several awards such as the National Parenting Center's "Seal of Approval", the Coalition for Quality Children's Media's "Kids First Endorsement", Parents' Choice's "Gold Award".

Notes

External links
Mia's Science Adventure at Kutoka.com

2000 video games
Mia series
Classic Mac OS games
Video games developed in Canada
Windows games
Children's educational video games
Science educational video games
Video games about mice and rats


Woods Crossroads (also called Woods Cross Roads) is an unincorporated community in Gloucester County, in the U. S. state of Virginia. Woods Crossroads is located on U.S. Route 17 and Virginia State Route 14  northwest of Gloucester Courthouse. Woods Crossroads has a post office with ZIP code 23190.

References

Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Gloucester County, Virginia

Woods Crossroads, Virginia


The Proterozoic eon comes before the Phanerozoic. It was a period before the first abundant complex life on Earth. The name Proterozoic comes from the Greek "earlier life". The Proterozoic Eon extended from 2500 million years ago (mya) to 541 mya. It is the most recent part of the former Precambrian.

The Proterozoic consists of 3 geologic eras, from oldest to youngest:
 Palaeoproterozoic: 2500 to 1600 million years ago
 Mesoproterozoic: 1600 to 1000 mya
 Neoproterozoic: 1000 to 542 mya

The well-identified events were:
Several glaciations, including the Snowball Earth during the Cryogenian period in the late Neoproterozoic.
Rapid crustal segments collect into continents. Supercontinents Laurentia (Palaeoproterozoic) and Rodinia (Neoproterozoic) form.
Early plate tectonics.
Oxygenation of the atmosphere, the Great Oxygenation Event.
Clean (unchanged by metamorphosis) sand and carbonate deposits occur for the first time.
First eukaryote fossil at 2.1 billion years.p57
The Ediacaran period (635 to 542mya) which is characterized by the evolution of abundant soft-bodied multicellular organisms.

Study of these rocks shows that the eon featured massive, rapid continental accretion (unique to the Proterozoic), supercontinent cycles, and mountain building.

Related pages
 Life timeline

References

Proterozoic


Alvin Francis Karpis (born Albin Francis Karpavičius; August 10, 1907 – August 26, 1979), was a Canadian–American criminal of Lithuanian descent known for being a leader of the Barker–Karpis gang in the 1930s. Nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members, Karpis led the gang along with Fred Barker and Arthur "Doc" Barker. There were only four "public enemies" ever given the title of "Public Enemy #1" by the FBI and he was the only one to be taken alive. The other three, John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd, and Baby Face Nelson, were all killed before being captured. He also spent the longest time as a federal prisoner at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, serving twenty-six years.

Early life

Karpis was born to Lithuanian immigrants John (Jonas) and Anna (Ona) Karpavičius in Montreal, Quebec, and was raised in Topeka, Kansas. He started in crime at about age 10, running around with gamblers, bootleggers, and pimps.

In 1926, he was sentenced to 10 years at the State Industrial Reformatory in Hutchinson, Kansas, for an attempted burglary. He escaped with another inmate, Lawrence De Vol, and went on a year-long crime spree, interrupted briefly, while he lived with his parents after De Vol was arrested. After moving to Kansas City, Missouri, he was caught stealing a car and sent back to the reformatory. Transferred to the Kansas State Penitentiary in Lansing, he met Fred Barker, who was in prison for bank burglary. Barker was one of the notorious members of the "Bloody Barkers," as the newspapers of the time called them.

The Barker family included brothers Herman, Lloyd, Arthur ("Doc"), and Fred, the sons of Ma Barker. Growing up impoverished in a sharecropping family, all the boys soon turned into hardened criminals, robbing banks and killing without provocation. Doc was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1920 after murdering a night watchman. Herman committed suicide on August 29, 1927, after being badly injured in a shootout with police in Wichita, Kansas, following the robbery of the Newton Ice Plant in Newton, Kansas, with Charles Stalcup and Porter Meeks.

Lloyd was sentenced to 25 years in 1922, for mail theft, and released in 1938; he was a US Army cook at a POW camp and then was murdered by his wife in 1949. "Ma" did her part to help her sons. "Ma" Barker was not herself a criminal, but badgered parole boards, wardens, and governors for the release of her boys when they were incarcerated. After Alvin was released in 1931, he joined up with Fred Barker in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and they soon put together the Barker-Karpis Gang.

Criminal career
The Barker-Karpis Gang became one of the most formidable criminal gangs of the 1930s. They did not hesitate to kill anyone who got in their way, even innocent bystanders. On December 19, 1931, Karpis and Fred Barker killed Sheriff C. Roy Kelley, who was investigating their robbery of a store in West Plains, Missouri. The gang, including Ma Barker and her paramour Arthur Dunlop, fled to St. Paul, Minnesota.

Karpis has been described as the leader or "brains" of the gang. Gang member Fred Hunter said Karpis was "super smart" and he was reported to have a photographic memory. The other leaders were Doc and Fred, both now out of prison, and the gang included about 25 others. At this time a myth was started that Ma Barker ruled the gang with an iron fist, but the facts do not seem to support these claims. It is highly unlikely that criminals as adept as Karpis, and even Ma's sons for that matter, would have listened to her. Karpis later wrote about this subject in his memoirs:

Ma was always somebody in our lives. Love didn't enter into it really. She was somebody we looked after and took with us when we moved city to city, hideout to hideout. It is no insult to Ma's memory that she just didn't have the know-how to direct us on a robbery. It would not have occurred to her to get involved in our business, and we always made it a point of only discussing our scores when Ma wasn't around. We'd leave her at home when we were arranging a job, or we'd send her to a movie. Ma saw a lot of movies.

Harvey Bailey, another well-known bank robber of the era, knew the Barker gang well, and in his autobiography published in the 1970s, he agreed with Karpis, observing that Ma Barker "couldn't plan breakfast," and was certainly no mastermind behind any gang activity. It is purported that Ma Barker's entire reputation as a criminal mastermind was concocted by Hoover to protect the FBI's public image after federal agents discovered they had killed a 62-year-old mother.

In 1933, on the same weekend as the Kansas City Massacre, they kidnapped William Hamm, a millionaire Minnesota brewer outside of his office. After the gang was paid a ransom of $100,000, Hamm was released. Shortly after this, they abducted St. Paul banker Edward Bremer, who was released after the gang was paid $200,000 by his family. The kidnappings, however, led to the gang's end. The father of the kidnapped Edward Bremer was a friend of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt had even mentioned the kidnapping in one of his fireside chats, and fueled also by the Lindbergh kidnapping, the FBI and local police bureaus greatly stepped up their pursuit of those engaged in these types of crimes. The FBI had by this time organized a group of highly skilled agents called the "flying squads," which specialized in hunting down the leading public enemies, and they had been very effective. The year 1934 alone saw the deaths of John Dillinger, Bonnie and Clyde, Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd, Lester "Baby Face Nelson" Gillis, John "Red" Hamilton, Homer Van Meter, Tommy Carroll, and Eddie Green.

Just after Ma and Fred's death in a shootout with the FBI on January 16, 1935, Karpis nearly met his own violent end when the FBI located him in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Karpis and Harry Campbell managed to shoot their way to an escape, though Karpis' eight-month-pregnant girlfriend Dolores Delaney was hit in the thigh by a wild shot fired by Campbell. She was captured along with Campbell's girl. Dolores gave birth to a son, who was adopted by Karpis' parents. Karpis and Campbell hid out with brothel-keeper Edith Barry for several months.

Karpis continued his crimes with others, but had to keep on the move more than ever, as he was the fourth and last of the FBI's Public Enemies Number One, the previous three—John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd and Baby Face Nelson—having been killed. He did manage to pull off a crime that echoed the times of the "Old West," a train robbery in Garrettsville, Ohio, which netted $27,000. After the death of Ma and Fred, Karpis allegedly sent word to FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover that he intended to kill Hoover the way Hoover had killed Ma and Fred. According to Karpis in The Alvin Karpis Story, the death threat was a rumor started by Hoover himself.

Pursuit and capture by FBI
The FBI had come a long way since its reorganization and renaming in 1935 (from the Bureau of Investigation, created in 1908). J. Edgar Hoover was appointed as the acting head of the Bureau in 1924 and completely transformed the agency. Despite its successes, however, the agency had many problems. In those days, when the application of science and technology to fight crime was still in its infancy, the agency was at the mercy of public citizens for information. Often agents on bad information were sent off to remote locales on "tips" that turned out to be red herrings. The personal low point for Hoover came at an April 1936 United States Senate hearing. Senator Kenneth McKellar of Tennessee lambasted Hoover for the performance of the FBI and the fact that Hoover himself had never personally arrested anyone. After the hearing, a determined Hoover vowed he would capture Karpis personally.

Hoover did not have to wait long. On May 1, 1936, the FBI located Karpis in New Orleans, and Hoover flew there to be in charge of the arrest. Shortly after 5pm on May 2, as a dozen or so agents swarmed over Karpis' car, Hoover announced to Karpis that he was under arrest. A couple of versions of the arrest have been reported. Karpis' version, told in his memoirs, was that Hoover came out only after all the other agents had seized him. Only then did the agents call to Hoover that it was safe to approach the car. The official FBI version states that Hoover reached into the car and grabbed Karpis before he could reach a rifle in the back seat. In fact, the car, a Plymouth coupe, had no back seat. The scene was further confused when Hoover told his men to "put the [hand]cuffs on him." Not one agent had brought handcuffs. Karpis was tied up with an agent's necktie. The capture of Karpis catapulted Hoover into the public eye and made his name synonymous with law enforcement until he died in 1972 at the age of 77.

The capture of Karpis essentially ended the age of the big-name Depression Era criminal. In addition to those mentioned earlier, others killed violently in the 1930s included Jack "Legs" Diamond, Vincent "Maddog" Coll, Frank "Jelly" Nash and Dutch Schultz. Al Capone was in Alcatraz and slowly going insane from syphilis.

Trial
Karpis was brought to trial at the St. Paul Federal Courts Building (now Landmark Center). Karpis initially pleaded not guilty. But as the case was called for trial, "Thomas J. Newman, attorney for Karpis, told the court his client, one of the actual kidnappers of Hamm, desired to plead guilty." Two weeks later, Karpis offered "through his attorney, Thomas Newman, to plead guilty to the Bremer conspiracy" if kidnapping charges were dropped; the court accepted the offer.

Imprisonment

Sentenced to life imprisonment, Karpis was incarcerated at the then recently constructed Alcatraz federal penitentiary from August 1936 to April 1962. For six months in 1958, he was transferred to the Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, but was then returned to Alcatraz. His main job at Alcatraz was working in the bakery. He was far from a model prisoner, frequently fighting with other inmates. Karpis served the longest sentence of any prisoner at Alcatraz: 26 years. In April 1962, with Alcatraz in the process of being closed, he was transferred to McNeil Island Penitentiary in Washington state. While at McNeil, Karpis met a young Charles Manson. Karpis wrote about Manson in his autobiography with Robert Livesey (1980):

After Manson had become proficient on the guitar, he asked Karpis for help in getting a job playing in Las Vegas, as Karpis had contacts with nightclub and casino owners there. Manson told him he would be bigger than The Beatles, but Karpis decided to leave Manson on his own regarding his music career.

Later years

Karpis was released on parole in 1969 and deported to Canada, although he initially had difficulty obtaining Canadian passport credentials, having had his fingerprints removed by underworld physician Joseph Moran in 1934. He settled in Montreal.

He wrote his first memoirs in 1971, while another memoir book was published in 1980, one year after his death. During his first book tour across Canada for Public Enemy Number One for McClelland & Stewart (published in the United States as The Alvin Karpis Story), Karpis, looking more like an accountant than a gangster, still showed a dry sense of humor. In Edmonton, Alberta, while shuffling Karpis between various interviews with the media, M&S book representative Ruth Bertelsen stopped at her bank. Asking Karpis if he wanted to come in with her, Karpis replied, "No, dear. You take care of the vault. I'll drive." He became a mentor to her young son until the sociopathy of some of his advice to her child angered Bertelsen.

He moved to Spain in 1973. On August 26, 1979, he died by what was originally ruled suicide by the authorities, as sleeping pills were found by his body, but later it was ruled death from natural causes. Robert Livesey, who co-wrote Karpis's 1979 book, said Karpis was not the type to commit suicide. Livesey said Karpis was a survivor, having served 33 years in prison, and also stated Karpis was anticipating the publication of the book. Livesey believed Karpis had been introduced to pills and alcohol by his last girlfriend Nancy, to give a relaxing high, and perhaps Karpis accidentally over-indulged on one occasion, with fatal consequences. No autopsy was performed, and Karpis was buried the next day in Spain.

See also
 List of Depression-era outlaws

References

External links
 FBI file on Alvin Karpis
 Public Enemy No. 1
 Alvin Karpis

1907 births
1979 deaths
American bank robbers
American expatriates in Spain
American people convicted of kidnapping
American people convicted of murder
American people of Lithuanian descent
Canadian bank robbers
Canadian people convicted of kidnapping
Canadian people convicted of murder
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian gangsters
Canadian people of Lithuanian descent
Crimes in Minnesota
Criminals from Montreal
Deaths in Spain
Depression-era gangsters
Escapees from Kansas detention
Inmates of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
People from Topeka, Kansas
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government
People paroled from life sentence
People deported from the United States

Alvin Karpis


Desaraja Adiguru Singhari Shyamasundar Kar (, ; 4 March 1908 – 16 March 1975) was a renowned Odissi musician, Guru, singer, scholar and composer. Born to a sebayata (servitor) family of the Jagannatha Temple, he was groomed under veteran masters of the temple tradition and soon rose to be one of the towering Gurus of Odissi classical music in the 20th century. He was most known for his powerful voice and intricate style, his command over the Mardala as well as his contribution towards the academic institutionalization of Odissi music education. Most of the performers of Odissi music, Mardala and Odissi dance of his period admit to having come under the commanding influence and knowledge of Singhari. He died on 16 March 1975.

Born to father Gobinda Chandra Kara and mother Padmabati Debi in the Manikarnika Sahi of Puri town, Shyamsundar was attracted to music from his childhood. He lost his father at a young age and his mother initiated him into music, teaching him traditional Odissi songs such as Kamala Lochana Chautisa, Manabodha Chautisa, Malasri, Suchitra, Mangala, Sarimana, Bhajana, Janana, Malika, 'Bali Re Bali', 'Utha Re Kanhu Kesaba Hari' and more. He would stay awake for several nights watching traditional musical plays such as Suanga and Lila. He began his initial training in both Odissi vocal music as well as the Mardala from veteran musicians of Kalika Kota in Puri, namely Guru Harihara Rayaguru, Guru Gadi Jagannatha Pratihari, Guru Kalpataru Nayaka, Guru Chintamani Mishra, Guru Managobinda Mahanti (popularly known as 'Andha Mana') and others. He had completed his education in a Sanskrit tola and served as a hereditary Singhari sebāyata (servitor) in the Jagannatha Temple.

He was a regular artist of Odissi music at All India Radio Kolkata (when there was no AIR centre in Odisha) and later in All India Radio Cuttack, often broadcasting Odissi songs, Chhanda, Champu, Bhajana & Janana. In 1954, he performed both Odissi vocal music as well as a Mardala recital as part of the All India Music Festival organised at Red Fort, New Delhi.

He was known for his intricate method of training, in which he emphasised 65 lakshanas of Odissi music. His presentation and teaching method was based on research and training with 32 veteran Gurus of the Odissi tradition, namely Gadi Jagannatha Pratihari, Badapanda Harihara Guru, Dwarikanatha Guru, Harihara Rayaguru, Nityananda Mahasuara, Sadhucharana Dasa, Managobinda Mahanti, Sura Dasa, Narasingha Misra, Narasingha Upadhyaya, Narasingha Adhikari, Chintamani Misra, Somanatha Chinhara, Bhikari Dalei, Bidya Misra, Durgabati Barma, Sindhujema Dei, Mohan Sundar Deb Goswami, Sankara Ratha, Brahmananda Goswami, Parsurama Sannyasi, Languli Baba, Gayaka Siromani Apanna Panigrahi etc. He is known for having to his credit several notable disciples, such as Pt Nrusingha Nath Khuntia, Pt Markandeya Mahapatra, Pt Kashinath Pujapanda, Pt Balakrushna Dash, Pt Lokanath Rath, Pt Lokanath Pala, Pt Gopal Chandra Panda, Pt Paschimeswar Jena, Vid Radhamani Mahapatra (Biswakarma), Vid Bishnupriya Samanta Singhara, Vid Shyamamani Devi, Pt Ghanashyam Panda, Vid Bhubaneswari Mishra, Pt Ramachandra Sahu, Pt Sukadeba Patri, Pt Akhil Kumar Lenka, Parasamani Debadasi etc. Among his disciples in Mardala are Guru Padmanabha Panda, Guru Basudeba Khuntia, Guru Chakradhara Sahu and Guru Dhaneswar Swain.

He served as a lecturer and head of department of Odissi vocal at Utkal Sangeet Mahavidyalaya, Bhubaneswar for several years. He also imparted training to students at Chamunda Mundi Jaga and Kalika Kota Jaga, ancient community halls of Puri town. At his Puri home, he established the Syamasundara Sangita Bidyalaya, an institution that continues to impart education in Odissi vocal music & Mardala.

For his efforts, he received the Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi award for 1972–73. He died on 16 March 1975 (13 March as per some records).

See also

 Odissi music
 Mardala
 Gita Govinda
 Gitaprakasa

References

Odissi music
Odissi Mardala
Mardala players
1908 births
Indian percussionists
Recipients of the Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi award
1975 deaths

Singhari Shyamsundar Kar